‘Nil' HIZIIWLL. ("P.i‘ZHh-“i'll A :1) DH'IALAJPV'flf‘WF 1)]? NH". (Y iDAQILIIi SL‘IIVTULS Ix 'mr. 13":wa scmms m1? AJEKAISAS k.e~"m‘gt \.\'. Harrod AN APSI’E‘ZACT H1" A 'I'IHTSIS SLflvnittewi to Nicfl1iga11t3tate IIIiVeztsity ill part;ia1. fult‘illnuult ‘sf LIN: rcquirvnuwlts for the degree of DUCH )R (")F 1:1)1'k31‘x1f1lf)‘; Cnllvge of tducation 1963 ’HH‘. URIUI‘J, ullIHk’fH Aft!) DITCIIHPBH‘N'I‘ 0F ’HHQ (17,'11)A‘{LIII SI"11'\’ICIF 13 'HH: P’YHJC SCHMWHS (H7 ARKANSAS by (’)~;orgc W. Harrod ‘Hre thtfiSiS, 'Thr‘4)1‘igiJ1, fjrrn¢t11 alni Ir Vclrwpnh‘nt xvf 111v ’Hlidfflle SchiCUS in the Pualic Schools of Arkansas dcals with the organich programs of guidancw which have been appt‘m'cd by the" State Hircctor «3f (hJidanwce. 'PIH>1ic ESCth‘15, as trvé1tvxi in 11115 thresis, £)F('\]tfiJ1td as Lhcuna hfl1icir arm) tax: suLuJortth alni USLMd11}' ccn1si¢sts {if «nllr'ggrarhxs sserxetl t() tx4e-1x'c . ()nté \fl3j(?Ct ixx: ()f IIIis vtff«)rt nuas tr) c«)1 leczt it) (”It Vt>1lfln0 s‘une of t}u: infruwnatilnl that‘xuauld khspict tine total gguidalux: progLenn of thy state. Again, in looking backward at what has occurzvd it is pos- sible to make some evaluations of the st cngths and Wyakncsscs as seen in perspective. A third objective would be: to indicatc possible nugans «3f ccn‘rcct n1g {Mast thfcct:5 aruj tr» hnpzxy c (n1 prm‘scnt st1111gtizs, :3 S}h)rt sununazg' of Int: gLJidaluzc rnoxxnnvnt' at thg- nat ionea] 1t~sc1 serves as a background for thy dvvelopmcnt of guidach scrricws in Arkansas. Movements, organizations, Congrcssional support and per— :sornre] all‘ tr} atrzd [Drix‘f1}’ as; t1nxy {Oléittwi tr) gllidéfllCL* scIWJiC(‘s. 'ch f7irst rccrnchd eattcnq3t Ix) cstanvlisrm a gLJLjancx‘ sva'icL- in an Arkansas Public School was at Fort Smith High School in 1939. In {K‘Hf‘flx' " . H8tl‘0tl l9h2 {ltr t irst tkmwtty—tsicht l) ogrénns tn” guithaHCc va:vv lentnchtml and after the use of federal funds, in 1946. thy numhcr of program: es~ tatilislu:d incrwaastwl. l cdtw a1 1 untke hh*rv ealst) ustwl tt) helg) striptn‘t Cinniscltn‘ traitting [Drogzimns zat {tuir staatc cttllcgew%. llte: t)cz‘it)d tvf tixnc R)(lk’Hkld fllflql l.9i39 tltrthngt 1.9633 , lltiis It’— prcstnlts tumwity—ttuir ytwu s of tin: EXLStleCC tfi' Sonk‘ typc «wt QUlLkNlCU st?r\'ictes a'ra.ilathlt3 tc) ltigli EEClt(H\1 sttJdtxnt s it] sujnx3 (3f tttc pttbl ic schools of the statv. /\l_tt1trugglt stnnit} ggtwtul fiéic ttJr‘s \QK‘lt‘ lltllkfti itt tlie: tltt-s is; iilt‘? k‘ t¢t~t t a Itunnvct‘ of fac:ttu‘s tltat nvtchtl tt> bt> teakett nt>tc twf LH‘ ixnpztwveti ttptut, Iot cnough programs are aVailablc to students as many schools do not }\:t 118\Ir tltc SCIWJiCt‘S ()t at ctnntst*1or., At ptkfjtdll, gttidatlcc set"nict%s are only made available to students in thy upper six grades, this setwciCt: shtnild tn: mathe aawailatile rt) all :studtntts ()f tlny ptHvlic :schtu>ls, Counsclo: preparation should improve with thc raising of certification requi:ements. llll Hui'ii‘ \r’ in partial CO 1 i «7‘ L? t: twat 2v Satt‘ml it t ed htgan Statc fdlfillmcnt f o r t' e) ‘ tuttjtme or 1' UI t lQh-3 \lk’2T~ MM ”tilt; in kHPFHT'l t'l~ lih ! Qt l ‘MtGS Ht .<\t:t~;A.-t5.~x§ Ha: I'U} -ni‘ of .‘1 .PE‘ x O t it“ Ul— sit rt" q ._1 i r‘t’mt nt 5 that ion b j/vs/ 23vC¢§ ’lht- author t-sisht-s to t’k‘.p?&'55€ his sinct-rc apI-zt-ciation to ism 1 ' ‘ I lfaltn-r r. .Toi‘tnstut, undt-r whost suptxr'xision this llx‘ilflf was complr'tt'o, and to the illi"ilhk‘i5 ot‘hi: QUikiHHCK’ committt-c tor iipi' man; ht‘lpful suggest ions. The writvr is also indt‘httd to Hugh l_o.t-tt, Statv liirccto' oi Guidance Scrrict s, __t;1o\- Pcnnincton, Statc Supt'r'isoz‘ ot' Guidancc. and to 331:1. “("16“ :xwoggin, .qui‘k‘iéify in iilk‘ otticv ot‘ tlzv St'atv tli'.» t'Cik‘l- of ouidanu. fu' tht-i: cvncrous assistanCv in locat in}; matc; ial fo: this iilk'riifi. 17i11allf., to his witc, to: ht»- Constant (‘HCHUI‘HQI‘WMHi and in— spiration, this tht-sis is dt-dicatt‘d. / HIE-It‘ll? til'l'lt‘t'd DH"! ~[fio it'll! SJWPI’ til" it i 91" MY introduction 9ttt)}>t>t't eat tltgl “.ait ititta 1 iit'Ct’l Statcmcnt of tilt Problwn Puttmisc tit tin: Sttntt . . . . , . . . Limitations and §copv ot thy Study Def in it ions of 'lt‘t "ets Collectikuteunl’trcatwuwn «it Hata Plan of t'h‘t- Study. . . Summary. . . . . . Hui/\l‘lt‘flAt. ti? ll’JA t‘l .\1 Hit .A'l'lHVAL. ii‘ttl Introduction Sociological tntluvchst Population Trends. i)£'\'tfi.ttl)dltflli t>t‘ t7tittcrt-t‘tt t t); t ilt‘ ,tttl i\c ikiLiéii t at‘i}f hk)Vt”ntttl irt litv Stutttt. t stablishiJu; a Ratitnualt)tcani/atitnt xtgtwtcit s tdtuttixihwititic tt» (HJikiallCt‘ St-rx'ict-s dongtrssional Action . iii 10 ll 1h 19 19 CHAP llili PAGE: Lity Ad dsrmcnt lducation , , , , A . . , 27 Littarattire ill lhb l h‘ld . _ . A t . A . . . . . 29 11%:nds in LXlUHSE‘iOI tjcit iliCEiliUlt . . A , , . , . . 29 Simmary . . . , . , . , . . . A . A , , , . 33 Ill. THL GLNLSIS “F lHL U lHA Ct PHanA” l; AKRAASAS. A A 35 Introduction, . , , A . . . A A A A , , , 35 liarl}’l)cvcltnmncnt tif tht-t‘uidatunx SiH‘Jins in Arkansas ; , A . . . , . , A . , , A . 44 lhe First State Plan. A . . . , . A A . A . 45 iflie tot ts ot St:at<3 E3u}u:r\'ist>r, ‘0 Summar} 53 if. URGAZ‘UZA'I‘UV‘. Ail-'1.‘xlo‘ll‘lA'l‘lt‘k A .l) S ’Pl;txl\l§7 [HE A At" flit; SiA'l‘lQ ARI) lJlCAL ill’xlfl. A . . , . ,A . . i A , 57 Irttrtuluct loll :7 t)r‘gean.iz;at it)” tit litt‘ S [Ellti l)v1)at‘t'ntvnt \)i l dthéll ikln fab iv LHhAPlllt PAtdA Stuuerxlisitut at the T;lalt' LEXK l A A A . A 00 Ccuniscltn"lraitting A A A A A A A A A 101 Counselor Trainvts A A A A A . _ A A A A A 103 Summary A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 110 \7. 'illls I‘lQ [(3 l5\ IX Vi) Illit I A fi’qtl{"-'l f‘l~ ’llll; t.’T lll:\ .t.l I’llt:ClllE\T£ES ii~ 'lllli lAt tjr\li ritilltttii-:§ A A A A A AA A A A l l 2 IntroductitutA A A A A A A A A A A A A 112 Ctutfetxwtccs A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 11a PetiiAAlean CXHllQIWHlCtS A A A A A A A A A A A A lib llu: RCPMtight I”cmtu‘ial A A A A . A A A A . A A 110 other Weetings and ConfercncLs A A A A A A A A 11: Little White thJsc ConferenCcA A A A A A A 124 inte411atitumil Papcr‘Chvupany'lhaundatixut Ptugtfih . A A 123 State Personnel and Guidance organization A A A A 127 Instituting Programs of Guidance A A A A A A A A A A 132 Conmuutts Atxuit Lhiidancxa Serwxiccs A A A A A A A A A 134 Carxmm‘l)ays A A A A A A A . A A A A A A A 136 Summary A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 13% \iIA lAYAlJ All '~ tfl’ lle (E lDA (J; SlllJltLlS l: ’VHlA P'?‘Ll(: SCHHHLS CY ARKATQAS A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 141 Introduction A A . A A A A A A A A . . . . A A A lul Evaluation of GuidanCe Programs in Arkansas V PUi‘iiC bChuUlS A A. A A A A . A . A . A A , A A . 143 CHAPTkk Physical tacilitits Administrative wasis to; thy GuidanCc qugram Teachcr Evaluation of the Guidance Program PUpil Evaluation of thc Guidancc Ptugram tiValtJaiiAHt ilirtnk;h Stn‘r:\'isitni Summary VIAt. c'tuitxti ltflfiAtH) 11H. Fi't AL [tit rtwttU(:t itwn *rbanization mi Arkansas itir l)ewxcltwtvne: t «it PlutcthaWIs inf CfltitjallCt' Stttwtgths «d? thv (ninjancc Std“fliCCS Grtuath int {iUithanCt‘ Sin ViCH‘SA 190(1-19hj3 UUidaHCE thervices at the t1cannttarg chel Integration cooking Forward Simu&(9uestiauhs to FaC(u dIdLIVGRAPHY APPLNDIX A. flaps. Location ot the First tWenti-cight Reimbursvd Guidance Programs in Arkansas Geographical Featurcs at Arkansas Counseltn"fraincr 7cttittng , 1931-1955 PAUL 1a: 130 132 101 103 100 106 109 LHhXPlllt PAtHI APPKTD1\ F. Charts A A A A A . A . A A A A A A A 195 ‘canizatitnuil D—v State Department of t-ducation (1 Chart, 1946 . A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 199 State Department of Lducation Hrganizational Chaz‘t,193ul,.AAA AAAAA..‘AAAAA2m) :State lhapartnkntt ot twiucatitnt truatrizatilntal Chart. 1955 A A A A A A . A A A . A A A , A A A A 20] AAPPEND1\ C. FLRFS A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 202 (XJUIISE‘1CH‘ 'tra:ine:r';s X'isi_tat itni tlejwot t. A A A A A A A A 2(13 Pupil Evaluation of Guidance Program A A A A A A A A 203 Plan of lhxnmnsed PrograWitu’tluidance atnlthnunseling, 1960~61 A A A A A A A A A A . . A A A A A A A A A 207 Counselor Contract, Counselor Qualifications. 1‘} pe of Program for Guidance SQA‘IViCK‘S, 19__ -19__ A 205 Arkansas State Board of Education Reimbursement Iteqtiisitixni [tn‘ A'Lt‘,AA. 'Eitch‘A-AA (JuidEHICe arnj Test ing A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 21t1 APPLKDiX D. lables A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A . . - A A 211 StattH3(\f Cetfl ificatiantttequirtnmwtts trn‘(;uidanCcr idorkers Err States A A . A A A A A A A A A A 212 Personnel: Division of Guidance Services, 1942—1903, A 213 Xumfler of Guidance Programs hi Counties - lQu6-1903 A A 2th Counseling Programs and Counselors -1946-1903 A A A A 21? vii lAfiLE PAUL Population of the .3, by Ace: 1955 and Projcctcl for 197Q A A A A A A A A A A A . A A A A A A A A 14 Number of Levels ot Certification 5; Status A A A A 31 viii lntrornction 'l'he “losely iicn in; the pat Dolph Camp. mation ann r‘ (I largc perv (3631111) A 111111: ?A 1‘ Sta e Dire t LIT-A3 UifiCt- p of ltlncaf lull in the State kdit? awakening to cdnca Hi" iitt’” p blic ani i ;:1li is businninu V“: 1' vmplo} cuitancc QuifiaHCc St?!“ tificfi wit TA" GA’ I‘ll fuf the first cntauc of rudit must OI” ‘iUV pr. w i :l C state 31H“11Ces. 1311* be Uf \'\')'C at imllal to A ams' for Arkansas Dapartmgn t l 1 .0 value ()1 tut‘s hJustryA ' i. E: S be ti) UHUDILV' mcnt t of of UM“ \ttwt‘té 111111 Hl()l'tf t)a>1wt) 11? 131‘11 zit>c1111 S t 111 ; t ? st maEe £4 and personnel ‘tiAPl‘lJi 1 Hit 51' .\' Ar" kdnration an» Ralph RAJ at tnr time t’ ILA'HAICHt inn. passing of tHc years thrc t gtiilén1c1> 591* i at1~A tuit £11511 a {iiléih](‘ iL) t principlvs ot problcmsA ,7 ,_. A1.\'-A' 'l'ili' Fred C. «)116‘S A tutti) as cesAIMH on 11‘1“ it Elfl'll‘ C. $111 lilatlre b t tr par so «P1; Smitn. V38 3 ll .Ef'vll . in an W 11') iommis A~A-A r-AVJr 'A t“ \“:..(i only on 1*1 ‘.1 fill-AI 'talin; iniu ram in Arkansas has irom its inccp‘ion “c1n 1?:e (n19 [)5”stn1\a31)31atilntcir to .nd wif' s1 A~ «n‘iuiiual urxi an w; sc:"ic Pvtihltwn This ?:istoz§ . the wriein. Urnwth and Na elupmvnt Hf tfiv §E—ffi'lC€‘S itt tlt; aj-uitiant ea Public Schnnls nf Arkansas. pioposrs to rectn l the of . story ”lust: stir‘ltcs‘ t” hcainning nf Purfiuse of the Stunt x0 atteunn.t4ill be made in thy experimental sunsr.~hut usrl. sc;“ices in Arkansas an attempt klt tlie ngltlallCE? uh)thnt>nt itt the} lint 2t11u9n1re' stt‘ 1 K‘§ 1:1 111 aduifi:ion l() prtx‘iding_ Arkansas fruw :‘w ”mush 1920 tank: h) ietclnp a comparatitr histtnfi ratltw‘ttuettartative appruacn MLil L a Chrnnuloni‘al stn2y will be mafia to xcfinc the uiju;ti.ns state in terms of philnsuphy. orgami~ zation and accomplishments. As he functioning of the quipange 5b?— icvs uiftcrs from statr to state. onc uhje*ti“e of this history tilt be t0 add to the infurmation already a ailablc CUNCUtHiH; ’“t prnurar of t)tbet‘ stéites 13y in Arkansas. At present there a C‘lE'aI7 t)l(3t11t e ()f ttvc gtii tallies the purpose ifi’ttiis history ttitnxv Lie presenting the guidance sur ices as the}‘tlnt:tinn ~ is nu single uncumvnt that JOHIaiHs serrices ill the state. ’Mtus. it an historital analysis guidance program as it was convei ed ans has hven carried nut in {diarnsas in the: htnuu ttiat sncflt a lllilt)t}‘lna§'l)rLY e Ftrlt3fi.l It) tliusta entrusted with the administratinn ut the suidahcw scr i as in ntitr states. It the Arkansas Program are re tne weaknesses. i 5 al St) tite. htipe: tltat . vealed. 1 as tru: stiwsngtlms and \«vakwnxssus \‘i [Ht‘allfi nuix' tie ptiittt ail thtit tta t_t»rr'v liUita*:ons ann svopc of 7MP >trw3 ‘lhis Eiistort‘tmi the :J:idanrt:t)rost£nn itiz\rkanseus will (T limited to thc ta -supno ted sraongary Srhools whi h ha e guida Programs that are QVDFH'Vl ‘ " ‘“1 c Riflar‘mini of Lduga‘ion Pt‘i\fil€‘ atnj t)aiwncliia1. stfltotvls \Jll l Intt tie inc lu,m«; in the- stt;;‘ Stit2lt s<7¥1t>til s (l() iitit I‘th‘Hfi‘xt j (l? ' it tint s teat t> t 51); 5k)Lll‘L;t’S £3119 not tutder tin: super 'iSlKWl\Jf the Itirrvttu‘ of (HJLERHCQ‘ in [316 §t Deparzment of Education. institutions of higher lrarnin: are inuluned insofar as Contribute to ‘he de.rlopmt:‘ at *‘u auiJanot Ser ices in T”: s darf schools. Again. the criteria used will he thr suppo t of irist ittititnt titrtuigh ta): Uthlth avid the+ aynJerxal of iht‘ Ckllit‘gifl§ uni ersities for counselor training. All a ailahlv sorrres will be used in securing material the s udy. Primary sourrcs such as let ers. office rommunicafi Dan‘stnial. ititei“2irwus Eula tiffit‘ial 'lortnnettis \Gill pix» itle int(fi. of l- Sour 9 material. Sevoniary sourtos suth as books. news ar‘iclrt. pt int s tit at“ilfi'l€*s. tntpzihl is‘ in mind the limitations of such so r es. the fart that tie au" Etatl sit niatt}' }'eé]t‘5 iii.til‘ietnviit i n ti ti ‘l(9;6‘ltlplnfl1i tif ;L1i~'811‘£« st in Arkansas may ha.e blinded him to Some of its shor“omin;s. vvcr. great effort was made to ensure objer'i“iix. :trl tlisssvr‘1at ioits tcil 1 tie tgst»?. tgtC3 tire 5 ill 4. ’ alt éi P a, t. Utt— iv \ L till; 0 ’- L‘t “{- .Dtal it: i i llelS «)t’ l :‘tlf‘s ln urie: to pro i e aumv :ummun arm atria» stzantiitn; (tf tlrv t itnrs ot‘ thc Int)s‘ PL‘ thy mnaning of begin tlte ggniwialn39 ntxtgtéun progressire inrrcaaa scrvi vs within the !H)t€S tin: aft rfi' unf as iefineJ here incl ins anyts grades :8 t firtulglt t\uel“e , tltat funds from 5 ate and planned. organize} m prugram in Arkansas _é.'ct“fl,Ct. the. illkli'u'ikl the follow—up ser it research. altnuuah n is mentioned Ullvh a m anin2< of .ariuas t rtinyn? 'trma arc ;L‘w njng. -ummen_cm HI Ur in Arkansa<. rnwth nnl qun wit (INS. thy fol n. The “err in entiun as is interpre1; . atr.arn“annetr‘. nr‘ ptxtltrc: int] .d' t;.¢ p—J statv. Du elupmvl t)lfiirra, c g)atn;itnr tu' tx‘ t. as used in tnl: ulution. P;3 I ‘trrnzan t'w' .‘ :tLJx:\. ‘1'— ‘ll Silllk‘l?‘ uth;5 :ht: serttnTxtr. 3-2taul s (n' t3t< s tart [lttkfillgll l\dt l ta EJLll 1 prirh1ipall§' l<. lH sumc gzajvs ninv hafa urgani/cl guidance programs and rrrojre lucal tax snurvws. lhc term procran means a \ 1 k). tFHIc Ill \4 i t ll atttza 1.5 zarrt. incltrfcs tlu= fUllLW€lHQ ual in entnr\ 5er>i.e. obj87t1"es. 381‘ ltl‘Sl L thy CULHStli t‘v :nidan_< “v infurmatiun n; stzhitc ta. atnl the ttlagennnrt sew“xite. ;\ 5i.3" 0t [Mud spttif‘ically'uuwttitnnui in t‘w: Slalt'13lafi. s a possible addition to :he lFrtH l fl 1' at: 1,-L’ ‘ Collefi‘ion and l ea menl of Mata I Ang‘tntdea tun“ LU 'M“w3lUP artltiattu h‘al Sltxh.lnfiil rt tyiniZe tita' :Zreat tflnplmasia :fl‘oulzt he gila (ml thnt past expem‘ienttzs. 'Wte Leneral aim of such a stu;a is ’o amply “he me hod of reflec i e Viinking l()ifltflfilem5. still antsol.ed. iW'UMiNlS of disctvtwfi. of past ' and attitudes. The study must fraCe lines (I) trenis of events. fart of \j9ffilkWNUCHl' in lmnnan en ti ititrs atni thtuiaht in tu*ier it) reai" Some & , is for soeial a ti ity. A: has been pre.iously statefi. the me;“oc Lr £1) U! Ho U) :enetiv in nature. ll ea Iléiiéi ti) lDe‘ ul€>a l: \ci i‘i irt tlti 5 st liafc rearr fate q,tttts i it rt~i ea> eif er new or old. hiszorical ani Jea~riptire resear dii‘ecfi. e=‘iwewree» frtnn guer- aonal experienc: and memory will pro ide Some degree of status Check;. thflz of tin: earl;'ltiat0ry tM‘ the gtriiance nnAqemeni is collemuiej l I in 'he writings of John N. Brewer. Anna Y. «ed. Frank Parsons. {vor4t 'Kers and other early leaders in the :Uiuance movement. liberal eSe of he material from the writings of the persons mentionej aho‘e ha$ z—o beeeti niatle ft)r tlie ~3LHllt‘Hl (3f ifi‘al)‘w r li.. Irtft>ruuit itur :itflllélllltti it! ?1: issues of Hurupations an} i‘s 5u~~essor, The Personnel and eixanqe journal. has been referred to frtquentlt. Ike offi.ial .ommuni.a‘ior5 and le'ters on file illiiu‘tlifiCU of the €16Ntkllireator ot veiiance ;) r‘t) (4.3 Hlt.)§ i, f'r‘ti i t titi l loll 5:1; 1);) lf. i Iltf i 111 «;\_ nréa I i twtr . 'l l‘t: > t zit -: ttt'ty s l e“ l e‘?‘. i ntorwa‘ion re ar;1n; .... l‘“e Fk)U!tst l; rénw. leé a stirt'vt» «ii In‘. '\ ' al aé¥ li‘ IJ the ifliilostflrf}. LH lQlH aunt wrtncin in‘ 'Re :tii?an.t: PC“ lies lfl Araansas. as f' “T ,r T: f‘ J b...‘ T lVe metho; ot analtzin; eata after they will iepend to a great ex'en: upon t'e mtthoi emnlo ed in 1olle;i1ng t“e data. .AurCtrstl}. t7x»uuflluvi of colle ‘iiu: tata must eaL;— l 1 tends from lQQ2 t rimgh 1020. The non:enf Vas flrvn limitci to t'e l . . A short summary of deielopmen‘s 51H e IQ'u will rt foun‘ (789‘ E‘i‘ \ii . {ilcfiél t>f (\l”iéilll anal? eizli Eein. te {dz‘tltz‘E1rvs ll! lllL‘ j>nl>l ia‘ st htwtxl s tlf AifliéjllEEEf that are supportci by fedyrai. sia‘y ar? local tax funis. A fur' c: jelimiting of won en: required that e en’s he v“alua ed as to immortay;t arij rliat tlnosea of? l: SSt?! inn)ott alw‘e l)c «unit hctl. Silt“. at] e altlat iol: is fraugtu witli we€H01essews. as Elle ‘dlentHi «if =lx4 autl1Jr tn: ame tlu: 4r" <:itiiltg féiCltJE as; {(3 \dhéli tea:s llhpktri,alll arij i4lzii CkHJl\l l)e 151 t «)ur . 1: may apvear at first Ulanre that tuninnu1h prominen 9 has l>etl1 ;;i tn] it) tlte hulfk (gt llolgjh (Tavn) ill tlre titte;lcn)mtnlt \)f Tllt gui.:— ante ser ices in Arkansas. HOWE er. this critigism fa 95 into in~ significance when notice is talen of his personal in ol EWUHl ad?“ fig origin and growth of the guidance program in Arkansas from iQQE ilrogg' \f‘) l 30. txen after he left th office of fiiatc superzisor of H Lunational Information and "uidan 9 Set inns in 1950. his influtn e tontinucd io be felr in the state. 'lhe narrati e approa h lends itself to a oesiription of the e ants leading up to the establisimvnt of the guidanme Stkfiflkfi at Hus state lemeal and tlueir growth enii expansitnieat both flu: state anj I f- .4 h? r+ :7 (I ._. ,_.4 m p‘ H D) H p— ’l v local lezels. Howe er, interposed with the part: are e aluations. conclusions and intvrnretations. thy thaptcrs ttat follow are designed to lead a logical progression from outsiiu in— fluences to the origin. growth and dPVfilUDmCHl of the enidanrc syr- vines in Arkansas. (TlLAP‘ll n ll \ t ltlét l l t'5§;\ l- t;l ‘l l);\ 3§tTl, ;\'l ’l'llll ~TAllt >f§ \ l. l- l \ l'l, Intro?U‘tion A ln or er to understanw .he guiian c ser inks in Arkansas ii is nevessary to take a look at Luizancu sct.i;es a: the national lt‘k‘l and. in partiAWJlar. ;tu?atituual guitkfitce. llu:se re tnvnoj jC't- looments werv first feniera‘: in lllt‘ inzustrial areas of the: nation, and were a ti ated by the desire to assist you h ani adults in svvur in; and ad usting fo Various jobs, As the mo cmrnt expanowd in jfiiiltwscnutt' arrl atwalss it mtr‘eti Utll ti) otlier‘ stw titnis tit tjzu tiat itni. in almost 0 cry instanta a particular mo emvnt was i?»ntifiei wif* tie: perenn! whtwliad the tnost to th) wi‘li illillal ing the tiro-rrmn. lr on it was Frank Parsons; in Grand Rapids it was \gssiv 4. ha is: aid in California it was George Arthur Nerrill.“ As these mo ementa hogan to attract attcn ion ai the na‘ional lc“:l. in i.iduals in o her areas became intercs::d an? began to t“ of t”v guifianme ser.ires in terms of thcir own locali‘g. lirouit te -arions Lonfercn es and national meetings. the idsa of guidan'y 'JJ J) '_l O F J ,i "3 ‘1‘ .. r f H F V I Robert Honpock. ”Presidential Ad re_i. \\Vlll tray. 1930:. 407-499. -]t’\_ i \ tci téake: ftHlN. t on an‘ al Soiiolozi Alhie \C iieetl i l iucaitiini. kh‘ites tlia 3 they e.olte. this process that involves build until the GI. Bill S rry and ha.a exer injustrializa‘ion anw migrants between 1390 oublic svhools an» in lFQU ani 1920 was marked by rapid dv~elonmen7s on '1 Qt) . A pruiominanfly agrar whi;h e'entually resu 3Anne ew York: Y. He (jot‘llt‘ll ill llufli lQaI‘rt' PGW‘SLHU1El .aoila. Volumbia "niversit; nla“ u its W'Ulllt‘ ll Influenct (" 1110'? W L) l f Ll S? and ( \ewv Ytulx: from other ‘ S n her book. nidanwe Su~llwns and L"ring: (.31 i 11(4 iflltl 118’~ it'll. l 502“ l 81 olution is many (ontributing eummit beztmnas mo rmunt was guidance edu'ational orbit. 1i_St eti 5(N3€’ tif ti‘e itad art lttf luewi ea (H1 ’ he: atiirlain e [UtytEflnfllli related employment and 1920: and tla inr lted problems: ntofoundly Eerelonmcntal 85.1 the rease in inilu L". \V’ a .‘t’i (i 5 unrollmenf kn=e‘ its P _,. ‘ J lddl . arii Pin sinnivl éa t i t)ll f? r‘titn t ‘iee l‘tllllh’ . t~u Hiltjtl eat till i 3-(; i t 1 tr r‘ i 21" t ' t1 . t: t t> eititi 5a:: 5 I.Vlk —l3- politibal rcspnnsitilifies. irls in :reat numbers began 'u enroll ill s 7’3turtl s zaritl t‘ie)i f 1)t‘t:st It" e< t‘tt-i‘et. iii lixl€ t>t‘ llit‘ it ill tilt t:tv:;rit iii :9 trmnapatiunal ;)icturc. c ontwl a filkffl influense tut thc Ctnt i ul.m twf tlm9 segwnilart' scbtunls. tknlrsus iJi shin tran_i. tynirn; an? tm.atitn1a' Home ECUHUmlCS or lumestic srience appeared in the vurri slum of increasingly larger numbers of schools. As :hu numfier of womun wnrkin; ma side ’he home in;reasc:. <;nil.:r6rt ht~:amt> an tt‘uwtnnii lialfiility' ratlngr tltatt at: assugt. M*twi 'Ee society was nrinciwallt agrarian. crillren :ould make a sub— stantial financial Contribution to the family budget anj f“is «uniifinn existed to a large dBQFEC during the early Cars of the industrial cy— H1 pansiun. L'entuall}u rltilt labnr laws restriutin; try employment L rfziltiren tindin tixJ agia of sixteeen iceze~eanauttal tg‘ thy "8Fl(HJS sizaies and :r: federal an crnment. Bx 19u9. [WUHiV statgs had a basi: six» - teen-year minimum age fur emplutmant in establisxmrnts .u‘erei t, :?V M . , ‘ _ . , p j tair ialmn*:~tanuarls Ant tn; l93b. The itn'reasetltnnphasis tni empltnnnnit pra ti (HS awe t‘w» trainiru: I I tw:titii re9nu;rtt s t L)I Ete‘Z'ftilln lllgr [ltFVJl}' V‘Ptfiéi‘t‘~i jtgtts 5st lintllélf c 3 ea tié‘ulalll fur the inclusion of suth courses as manual training. utaiiunal r; u :21: itwii zintl t rat ie“ Sl\ il l s i n t llt’ l)Lll 1 it: srgltttttl t Ll! r i;\t;ltiui iii tsr ;t-:‘ ‘ti DIM ifs buys wit? the trainin; néeded to ti: them :0 svr s rtti ivn‘l} in thy industrial age. . :Delbert C. Willer and William H. Form. Indnsirial Sniioln;; £\ti Iri‘ I‘t>tit {Tl l_\)ll t t) t “l ti; \, t>t' lfitit‘li Eta-l :at lt)ll s t 'xtaxq \ \‘l ti : 4eaz’jtt r x Itrtw ‘ewfs. 1977lt. p. SAM. -14- Ponula'ion irenfis Toiat ‘He population of file flniteu §tates is o.e: 150 million ani is increasing rapidly. Rince 1930. on an average day. there ias been a.run. rise of abrnn 7,000 in :lua populatitni. a rise had j”\fl)dil 3 millimn.h [\J ittiicate} a tux) e {twl pLHNJlaiiAMl ill 19753 of EM)DtthUH87t?ly 2 ’lablia l: PinnilatiJJn tfl‘ *nev ',8. lg; Agtw 1935 and Projected for 1973‘ Vlilliinis (M: PCIEMJHS ‘Pe;wient (I‘an;r* ',._4 KO g)! .5 l \L) J \II .— '1) pl \x l ._. .O \ All AEeS 165.9 222 3 3h 0-4 Years 19.1 2?.& 3 5-14 Years 30.4 41. 32 13—19 \ear‘ ‘ 2 it 20—2u Year t. “9 25-44 Years 20.9 - 33. 13 43-64 Year: 33.4 Q3.l 29 63 Years and Ulcer 14.1 2C. U\ '——4 5—4 tf' l \C) J l U) '—l [-J I 9—1 0 f\) LG I \J J: O The composition ot the projected pouulation for 1975 shows an n4 .1 enormtuns intreaSe: hi the age :JIHM) of 1? it» 24 ani 21 laiae i : tease in trza aeee grtnn) of (55 an iti'er. 'Hiis tui‘tettt poitn:s up {\fli ra‘itw‘ ital problems to those irxolzed in pro idin: :uiuan e Ser i es. 6. . \ . ,. . _ . , ‘. Hocketeller riotners lune. [he Pursuit ot lx ellenre. Ldu a 10H arnl tlte lYuttJre: utf Anuzrixja. Sgiec‘ialt St.utiie:s Prtxjew t :teyutrt \. ;qu~:i. a at \lii—(knitury Eeries (tlarfitnit7if3H Dinnileiat'\i(fu.. 193*). ' .3. — '1 ibiti. lhe firs’ will \x‘ilt) tiona l ang on 1 01"." 6 plate a insfifut 1 "1e 1 at,» or lQIlS rns the n immen in market 13 f 5c l. he of loud llei‘ii shortly DI‘QSDLU {it fUUtlH‘Q on efiur twent, tear trereafter. Db K.) I) l t: a— '\ -.. The iHVolies scagtnif trrtfltleni tlie seviial_ atri inu' Llual ruxflilems IMJSPE tr; a lffiii‘lv en >anj— . Q . . . . A in; olier group." Y ’Hte twr) fa t¢)rs ;)oitttetl<3ut b}' the ltorlteEEallet‘iQetm)r: re «JI'e +x§ around the significant 'hanees proje_ieu in two powulation eroups Inetititnietl BCHY'E. lie: fltnnd t)f twpurm; pecn>le teill :élarea ail imnufltse q t‘iULélllkHlal inst_ittititnis wrejsure on the in re next twent; 3&d'5 presen:s one problem: the se ond problem LUHCerHS ‘Fe so ial and inii'iéual problems posei by the ol er erorn. Qfilter ta 'kfifs filiat fly“us eat'etv ion tut :V:;tteeti for tWetiet‘ a": more effeotive :uiianre servires are the.followins: t“e gonulatior tQYaj is one of mo ement——aroet 20 percent of the population clarge ‘ O negtxi is shedditnjttis SQUiFerTll‘harafltf a («Misethnhve infliis irecaly'tniuratiini not”}W4ari art? mi ma stwar‘fi 5 farmers aetomin; lwss and less a reeognizabl» rural groen an; int thee arn)eat¢uice tif t}‘e tulsirujssnuan. Another notiteable wonlition is tie in reasin; V mo.ement from large metropolitan areas towara t? areas. E 3y 19:3 we ran exne t a nation less regionallt ni‘tise and more uniform in en': irrmment . What does all t I": is mean to t' :- 81 ea th saiirlarn e alhl "()uriserlirie.‘ ’lHQJ Ines iorrsil>il it)» kli ‘ ”t” gellrhjikic azt‘ rounselina ser i es is be_oming in reasins ureafer in tF‘ k :tmnilexitWI of (JUF gnniulatiini. Stitti. t -— l. r» - lrere is at least the possibility :ra: an older and Hunt? urhanizr ; so~ieti'tcill tn: hi;reasingl;' "illnemiatVle tr) EHklflJJHEll .iistir en s. llie imtuir- tan e of _onnseline and uuiiange. for youtrs at tite titne. oi géifeéir .ier*isairnis ‘as “well as; ft)r oltiez‘ pemxnle at tlwe teinihta‘irni of r? 9 .eir yareers. will be torresnonjinuly increased. lhus. the next twenty years represent a great challenge f0 the guidance ser ires and thy anallenge will orgur in an area :iat for— merly has not assumed too great imnortanpe. Automation‘ more leisure time and a larger older-age group pose new and *omplex problems that are new in our so;:;ietj\'. De elopment of Con ern for the ln i i ual "Fkit‘e L inn§>lest eeli' iltall all§' riTFiet‘ :sitt; lr< rnru'tanietit . .(i eat it)lla l guidance must take for its function the nonser'ation of Fuman re— sources. The prereoin; statement by §pauldin:. written in lQli. showed for one thing tre growing regarfi for nonser“in; 'Ee-iuman FBSKHJF.I?S requesrmtte l by tlie §kdUIlt of tfie {latitn1. fluiia of t‘(- litt>r- aiure from 1913 to the present time expresses this foncern. Yven as early as 1693 there was great soliritude for t’e welfare of t”e }1)Uiil as is snrnun tfiy {lie \qorWis (if tbjhzi It 'ke. 9 .. . lbiu., p. o. 10p‘_ p‘, Stuaultiitu; tent.) j Prxghlewns in \k)CEltikHl81 aniV2ati e.’ Readings lH Vocational Juiiance (Wambrijge. wags-j Har‘ari ini“er§i‘ Press. 1913). p. 69. -17- . .lH; thetettnt ei. a is fit for; He should 0 sifgr. w“a: [TvT wan? \¢lttfi Etc r‘ Illt‘t‘ rue: t‘éatiealil e: r>f liei. i_ti: i i \cr“t»ii;?: ‘ itt' \‘ them by Innusir}. an} in oroorate; t ere ty Pity ti we: arr? whrfllier‘ it im: win tiufitile‘ to en ea our it. For in mant Vases.tr. best or vflta: ;.a:tire iias :"ilkfllf 1o r're (cat \ i 14s 5N1; l-‘aults 10 \v’iiix l! 51.12}. a VQIIS". iLU' ion i8 MUS? hirlin'd. ennif i e it all :lx;:\? an1a;e“ is r2y>ab1c1 of. ti €Y§'tfiHe.:é na‘ix‘al eatuis it “0111...; but to U H- snonld be tarry'i as far a ea' t eingit illt' i)llt t izir; éitiritEieet l;I)\l{l li int. vci_l 1 lie wt 5 the labour iw \ain: ani .at is so plaisfer' on. will a? best sit un owar 1V~ an; ta.e al- ways hanqin; to i? the nura etuln:ss of Con- sttaint enri.<ectitnt.]1 1010. arross tfie 'oun1ry from far Frantisto. in P ilale'3*ia. an awakening to fne net? for uni ante and ‘0 ational eiutatioh was also taking plaee. To assist in 'ne 9Hf0Y=emvHi ot the recen‘lt nasse‘ iauor Law. the Honsumvrs League of Philanelyhia establisPei '“e l:- thlsfrial itatterment ..urea_ lJl lglLX 'lnis in iani7ati4x1 Fa; : e> A»;Fle purpose ot reportins law iola ions an: or pro idirg ;uifia“ e at: 1? :tléat;tt‘r (:55 r r) \vtir‘la rizt t l‘cl {it «3141 i~ni. l7r‘twri lltiiis=‘ twvi. Texas tre superintenient reported in‘eres‘ in :o a ional auijanre Eur hiiicated a belief that unutatsxnerimenta'irni hi the area mus' rw iii)ll€f i26’ft31‘63 filtEit' rt i: 3' rutiu 1.? (:1nt3611‘L. titirnt ea LJIXJ ;i‘en11 o1~ g u i.iean.:(‘ stzt‘ i e‘s in its schools. The renor’ from Little Honk was nonrommittal bu' statel trat the subjett was under onsidera‘ion and tfiat §Hmv rt om— rmtriatirnns woul 3 De nuhnc late» . ln Eanttrleeuis defitii‘e Sit”‘5 “at been taken by some «i in organizations to establisfi gui;an‘e set ixif. al‘liouafl: bF’ 1911+ ‘etg' lit‘ 10 luml brwwt Kiwi ‘m‘ tbtz s ‘iuils t ansel Ur. Establishing a Iational Wrnanization llu*:)restww.;Mnetitgu1 Perstnnn l and ntiqan-r~:\ssoriatitni fie ell K“: ate a tiee-E “was SPK‘H 'r) Ctklf'iiflélir' ‘hl’ ettetwqiias Lli tlie "at itnis t:at itwtal grrnn)s itMrgrestrwl in prir iditn: grtattlitflbbufiiflliiiti it) you“i“ tong“ 0 [Be establishment of petsonel ntartires in and out ot srbool. 13 mm, D. 23. k) w 144xewer. on. i'.. n. -19- lne first vmphasia in :ni an e was via ed on ,ULailUHai 1r . lbial‘éiT 1L)ll eatiii >itli3 i)l gin (An r [ll . (li‘eixiileil 1:! :l‘es r«)11.‘(:i>l L)f g)<:r.:«)ria l i' aiijLJSf.deqit aiii iiei‘sinlne»1 rcrlai ikHlS lug-'anue a war: of the ml 1". {fill Some in‘ {be gimnnis Lhal i« re in‘.ani2iwi ani leV?:ioned sational Association of Stu an? Personnel Aiminiairalion. Deans ano Counselors has he er officially affilia16d wit? Persiunnal Asscniiatiixi. Agen;ies Contributing to Vuifance Sui ines :Mnong films gorerimunit ageri ies tlua: ha men: of :uioance aerViies are; lhe ourcau of Fe!“ ice. the \kateiénls Achuihixatra‘ilni anii the lies« auchgies diIELtrd their efforts prima‘ily towaid Mel» adult population. Howexer. many of the {e hniques and ser fie sloped have assisted in pro idin: heifer the youth of the nation. Fonartssional A {ion we tribute. guersinincl. 59V ) h I‘ .. . . ¢ .\ \.ti‘Yl:‘.l‘. ii.kf ThrOLgh a number of arts passed by Congrass o.c: a L'Ar -£.t \gx*aiiin1al ‘fUidEMlCQ :Xsal»;iat ion. llic Tei‘ilnial l\ssix:iat ion 7. 1 We“? !, lo? ',>.' L... \QC’ i la: 61 O l L it'll;é:i ot home? 16 Arczifan ‘ilz? iii a it“- ,:, lmployment f Vic years ‘ln: fe'N2ral glycernuu+ut has 'iro ideal aunyun't fin‘ aricnx; of \ocafiohal violation. Asi e from the federal funfs ma :0 a for eiuuatiohal nnrnosea the fact t*at the national Congress 11x: neecl for in reaseal'.o alignial awhi'atiini a TIDE h; Congress. fhou;h greatly ieéifiCiU’ avpioacl to fhe iotal area of uo:aiional einv is siahifiiaht l .. 0".‘C’llk'u1 UT." a afion. Later 5c! Ol‘ CS ‘7',‘,‘.r.' 3..“L' v\ :E: 'ddliL.dL1\.’i. i.t. e‘ t‘ in U Ui- forws .fi; .L‘ IdliaJit -20- ‘ongrcss Svf ed to in [tank and hroancn the usr of tcdvral fund: for educational purposes. The federal go.ernmvnt is still reluctant approach was taken in 1038 with the passage of thy National HefeHSa iduuation Act Shortly after World War 1. on Fahruari 23. 1917. Congrcss passed the Smith—Hughes Act. This art may be consiucred basin. H (l sitn2e Inan§' of its })fCM'iSli)H5 lia ea bvedi arxvliemi it» laatcr‘ act- funds appropriated Weft to be use} for the promotion of Youational education in agriculture, trades and injustry and vocational home artnnxnics.anu ftn‘ the trainiti: of :eaafin2rs in tiny“: fields. 'htis a:: further pro ijed for direct federal aid through the “arious sta.( boards of education. The funds were then allocated to th: local school districts to defray as much as fifty nercent of the instru - tional cost of High Suhonl programs in (orational a riguliira. tradrs and inuustries and ,ocational home 9 onomics. Hn Mareh 10. 1924. Foneress extended the nrovisions of tht Snwith-‘highens Att. tr) the 'lerw“itor3 of llauuaii. Tht: agt' aut‘nsrizaul an annual appropriation to be usei for tre same purposes and under ‘ie same conditions as the funds appropriated under the oro‘isions of iflc origiral Smith-Hughes Act of 1917. In Marnh. 1931. the pro isions of the act were further extruded to Puerto lico. The 191‘ a¢t and tlr two supplementary acts are still in effort. 1’lTederal Seruri‘y AsenC5. iffi e of riutation. A wiristra‘ion of \o ational Education. Education Bulletin 3o. 1. -ehrral Seriys Io. Re ised 194%. Vll. to uSc federal funds for all phases of education altrough a liberaliZt C‘ . 1178 it'UIKrB-‘letrltl :\ I 01 thiatitnls «it a‘hjititnial futnis flu in extendivg and exnanginu pro rams of in a? “oeational home economies. lris iisions ot the Smith—Hughes Azt. lhe fleoree-Heau Act meorge-tllzey Act of 1934. autiuwrizeat athlizitnual alfi)fulfl'1alikflli for Ilse 111 the; state S @731 {er I' lit)? it: '5 financial an: uhanues in We. Y‘- reaolting gnu: hurulred {MerterH' by The George-Earfien Act. tended federal uartieipation in an ed to the in tie seLLt) i le.i. 17‘e 1cm tie areas of o ational eiuca1ion st«)pe (at thee prtnjrams t)t e n» atixni ard in the state departments of eduration in ihe broadened approvel August 1. 1940. further ex [Pt urorge—Harden A‘t ’ etl It) trte stntntwrt ot fikllklallifi’ rotational inf 1929. autro~i2eu aparog- .t: states gun: tertl't»ries : .7 v - a‘ 1K).\!1 . it) be nuatched (”1 a qrziiuateui s ales. stazw:in; eat fif1_; oer kfill ari ayst ”8U UL- 'arious states Art of 1°36 anfi 1iberalize€ many of fieorQe-farfen At rewrote ige lee se~ ttx>gwro,isions tu' t*e earlier a.‘ used to sudport lotal Programs ot 1‘“ ti trathing \wf «uniseltr s. ,_ (l _'.)'/‘_ hfi— .eor4e— at‘eh tends ma; “e uses as Ielm”urS&MuHT tea tor the .os: ot researnh honour as a nar‘ ot . Procrams or a;ministration. supertision. eather training in the soe ia1 fields of ‘o-ational education. inclufiine to ational guis— 1 - t a lhe Jeorge—Vatfien Act ii} not swell out t'e e38 : suiiah e puruoses tor which the aopronriations micht he usel. lher.fore. :re niied States Commissioner of Education rulel that funds mish' Fe usej for Three purposes a? the state and local 1e”e1s: l . 'llitr tnaaitttxattatttfe: t)t‘ £3 3): Ltil‘aln tst‘ Stlt)%‘f3‘1_$ iLWl itt ~;tv:at 1()H&il LLJi :attPe-. 2. 1110 tnaitttentatn e (Jf a titty raLt ot‘ tteainitt: fittcei‘itutal cotnselors. 3. l“e salaries and ne‘essar) fra'el expenses ot .o a— tional rounselors on 'he se on arr an: aiuli levels. and tin; nurrhase tdf htsfruatiknmal equitwnntt and sun— Dlies for use in snti .ounselin:.1’ Another justified expenditure of “o ational fun s wouli Te he use of these funds for resear h in uni anre. neimrursement to states under The oroxisions of the ~Uf‘c— tatfen At: was ieuenfient upon certain ion i ions. first. ‘ s:ate must Ee”elou a state plan that wouli pro i r afiequa‘e shoei— ‘ision and training of ~orational roqnselots. funds for reimburse— men‘ a' the local 1e (1 may he use? only wlen t‘e urogram at tie sta‘e 1e\el has been met. Se ond. that pro isions for reimbursement ttu‘ «tnntsel «tr trainin; ftnlrstms arts métfe tntlt'tqrett tfe lasstas atl' -23- itmru)sei inf )crsons tdtrolleri hi 8 proar:hn qualilfcin; t eurtk>r “via- tional tounselin;. tncafiuval 'ca ring an} tsa hers. (nunsrlurs. suuwr— tiSurs or eire '01s of ‘ona‘iunal via aiiun ur rotational guidance. 'P1iri. that the s’ate plan mus‘ sef in) stab aris ani riutiifinns ftw reimbursing salaries an: Era e1 expenses of ~national gnunselnrs. the e ivflled u5e of federal fund (I) a; 'J thk'litéd EH” film a}c't.>lf;c— ‘ Farjen Ag: ta} some far—reaching ettegts unon tna fie elonmrri or guidance ser ices. The a: itiuwal funds and {he in lusion mt guidan r .—o»- scr'ices ser ed to expani :he guidanre s affs at th: national. sta e an: lucal le'els. Also. the expansion of training fariliiies fur gArepardjtg Ciuntscliufis was can ouratxai. \ 'lhe 3&3tionalrttefentse tfiluvatlmnt Att . sigrmul intt) a lénu a; Presinen: Lisenhower on September 2. 1035. autrozizes something ower one billion dollars in federal aid for several eduaational SttTanS. Hte 16%t titlems of ttb: ac: tou it all lta.els (\f Gml'talikfll frimt the elzunn11a13' to filte gtwajuate: leaeel ill botr;;>ublin an} z>rita1e+ inst ifutimnzs. The nmuqu was aLVlhtlthni fur a tnnM>er in tiilerbni gnxngrams. all of which were xasigned txu‘ a singlgrjwarnuse——ttw ic.eltfi) to try fulltus' t?w* aptitli es tfi' :he fl ill ttwun tlm: gay Fm? first tnt‘ezs 5.1uul. lo arhith this purnnse anu to assure effi_ieni use at ['2 federal funds. responsibility for making use of :he funds was placci at e (ary lc‘c:l ft‘uul lht‘ a {An ins tJf ‘.hr' fernsral ng attuneru ‘ix tic smallest local unit the portion of {no at? wi'h Whigh ttosc lhlvtcited in acr— stnntcl wrnl< art: 7k”h.€llltd is :lta: ctnrta:htvd in .'iile' \. "U11iiatr (l Counseling. and testing, I entiticaiion and tnuourascmcni of Arie fitudonts: Part A. S:ate Programs; Par: *. Counselin; ané nuiian“g . I o o 1 >5 lrainin: Insti‘utas. The immediare goals whith :he an‘ bonus to achic a were to V 4 entctnlr£1;e: stj‘otils ti) e>n)att tt;ei_r :2ui4iatn-e argi f«st ins; pins;r‘anh; atrf to increase the a ailablc number of CUUHSUlUFs anfi guiiance staff so as to accomplish the aims of the program. to shark in trt fun s was tate must submit a fietaile: plan tor its testing and suiiange pro- U: grant :o ttte rtited :H.aies VKumnissiJnter id? Eiih1atitnt. Kit‘i {6:3Mm t to the guidance an; counseling programs the plan must pro‘ine for t31c at? i_senrertt (Jf sttlit n: s k)” uflta* «tJtn'st:s ar‘e be?st stzit e;i ik‘ tire ir .4 anti ujes. abilities and skills and to en oura a outstandihu students to take uourses that will prepare them for admission to institutions of higher learninii tacit statee would twatei e: iLs alliutnent «if ftnhjs on ttx: basis of its sittot)l-aite pixiulEitirnt. lf. untnar tftis en ratn;ununrt. ant'.s‘a:t:'s allnunwwtt woul Etna less ilHNt 520.0tml in any gun: }car. EerUUhfikvflrt‘ re hibat‘iiuts tuotild lve (math: it] iltt «Attnsr :stat' s at l(thtltTS ikl bi in; "f the allotmen‘ of ’he low state up to $20,000, Arkansas was autjotizgd 9 Sll’.b:0 with an appropriation of 563.313.1 For tic firs“ trar tfiv \- —— .- - ' -.'~ ‘ y i ' I; I ; ]»—r-o ': v‘ l’Hiil“t of tduva‘ion. <. \. Wtflarimvfl‘ ot hea_ ”. lnm.d.LU: and Kelfare. aside to *he \afional Hvtvnsc liucaiion Art of 10:5 page 13. federal go ernmth' Nnhll pro iue all of ‘:e turns bu Vereat er s afe mu maivh finds on a fifty-fifty basis. l/t Congress wro‘e into the bill pro isions to autVotize 5 FE ’l for the firs' 5ear and 5‘; millions for eawh of the next {Fr 0 ui‘fl t“e 'nitei S'ates Commissioner of fidtvation. tag? stu en (3“ i ' ‘ LO es'ablish trainin; institutions of higher learnini unier ron'r '0 ,- ins an ins‘i'ute was eh‘i‘len to a s’inewu of 5'3. for each wees 51 ). fin? eafl* dermwtjent. 'there is some aarser in {re \DtA oneram as it relates [s79 61‘. 'tet'tl Fits t oihtsel.in; set“.iC£és. 'lhe‘ tettnitutlo;}* dings ‘ iUIEfllee to t'te tflIiltwsenv‘} tha: a counselor Hoes not re ruit. urge or place stufients in an: iafesorg or work or e nerienre. fhe emohasis is one of ”aj is (7"! 1' L t “encouragins.” and sell ting.” ‘ d'th the ereat emphasis on oesigned to lotate and enrourage the more able students. t ere aossibility that the a erage and below average student may be the forgotten youth. lhe inited 9‘aies (ongress waSsed a bill in 1937 which t?:e‘ ll511ar‘11nettt tsf Ltiut“at.ittn . tttnq tl‘e tuif igxe tJt‘ Lain» a: itttt ufiil: Defiarimenf of Heal h. idurafion anj Welfare. 'lhe eieuelottmen? of interest, itt :lt’e titl; of“ guidance wa in 1913 the Hffiee of tlueation published the nrotEedian of firsi meeting of the iational Vocational Quidanre Assotiafion: it presentej the results of its stuiy of the problems of guitar \ t .. 2L1b14.. n. in. . i": tes is C Ulllc’ 4‘ s L ill; a s slow. -20- the s hools—-wloomfield's firhool and the S‘art in litezand in 1013 1 E. Carson Q}an was annointei to hart-time duty in lfit field of Voca— l1JW181 (hlitarnfie. in 1931 a tests and measuremznts survive was established wi’h Na in thcl as its heal. The wruupational Information Ser.irc was established in 1935 within the ii ision of \oaafional Ldufiatioh with Harry [aavr as its chief. lhe nrinrinal functions of this scr~ .ice wer: t1) to give administrative and professional assistan:e to the states in settin; up woaational and gUldaHCB SBYTiCUS as Drowiavi in fire iingrqe—Batthntikct. atnl (2) trtt>romote tlnztle“elrfimndtt of guidatrw: worl;t) er alhi abgyez that . (tffirwa of ltntratitut. ledemial >euv;rit§':\sent;g Life A justment Education for tvery Youth (Kashin;ton. n.e.: ’.§. no ers— men: Printin: hffi e. 1031), p. 1o. As a resulllm'tlis sugeealhni.ffire re ioral inMKmiJVes weze ?eld reiween Anril. 1946 and \o ember of *ne same year. Fae fi e regional meetings. sponsorefi by fVe ,9. Mffi.e of loiia‘ion. Were fieli at New York. Cri ago. freyenne. Sacram~nto axi irmin:3am. following the conference the ".5. Fommissioner of Iiueariox an oin‘e' a Qational Fommi lee on Life A justumqr l iuvation fiomwosefi of one renresentati e from eaefl of nine national educational orfianizationé. Cir1u1ar \o. 2:3. re.isei Tune. 1931 an? Dublisrei Federal Sevuri‘y ALenc . propoSed as a basic assumn‘ion of ljfe Af— iustment Education thafl ..tbe Suloul can and should aid nugils in makin: ‘erfain a JUSimeHlS be: er tran o: er soeial in; Siifuiions...nowever. moSfl arhool practives hare not advanced in a manner honsisfient wi‘h theSe woals . 2O lhe _ireular outlines Some uni in; nrincinles unirr Se‘en Readings. ’Hie same simuwwzte'1 b§'lnofil ailfnin iii: 5 iii new sozv‘el \s’O 1' k . 25‘ a . . . . l . - . .1. Glenn 1:. NULLlI. Prin‘igx>les an". l’rariives or '-",e (Juicear. e Pringrani (Leur\13rk: Hacfifillan lenpani. 'lOLl). 26p 1 ,.l. l . - . . 'J.:.. «u {IATE k)f l.dLn‘at lori. I eiheral_ >aw‘uz‘i‘x‘;\gew1:}‘. De" tlxlllfl7 . Life Adjustment K uvation in a Local S~“ool. Fir ular \o. sz. he~ . - *ised fune. 1931 (hashington, H.(.: :.3. e0“ernmenf Priniin; vffi‘e. 19311. hp. 3-u. written and Lite ad usimen‘ eiu ation is nesigned *o equiv all American }un‘h to line iemocra'inall_ ' ' ' fa- lkHl to t‘mwnsel es alhj nrofii It) sodiei; itome nnwnhers. tairkerws.anait_itizenis. fl is ”inrierne es Mb iall; wiflt a ::izat>le :HXJDLU"il(Hl of }t»ut?: of high s-lool age (bo‘r in s'?ool and out; wiose oh— ietti“es are less well ser ed by our 5 Fools flan tie or eeti es of prenaraiion for either a skillej . . . - . 7g oprunaLior or Higher enura'ion.“' I ‘eat number of books an; mijvellaneous lizerazuie Pas Feet publishei during the nas‘ fifty \ears. Yang of the books Fa e been uSed as texts by counselor training institutions and 'Vt ot er literature has provided a source of valuable referenCe materials. Some helgin; tn) establislatxwli*ies arrfgfitilOSUthe. o: this printed material 3as playej an imoortan: nar‘ in “fiber material “a U; (I) le-f’f "e r59 1 it ’ lE: l'nl)I‘lIll (1H ‘5 e gireesecrtt Elfil‘k’n t s L)E 3 u laiRYl-tf at~,i jntei‘— stuntel \uoilt, 'lrenis in (inntselor tkn” ififiatitm Shortl} after the es:ahlishment of ’re Boston Ruieau in lQCt. .1» *orational ‘e ings:on \kwun; \kni's (In‘istiari:Xsstr~iafiin1 stuntsortmj a 5"\M~l fin tinniselors. :lnona t?e% requiitnnents ftn’ admissiani ware surlt Jerstntal r} arartesrisl its asstna‘tn e :Lrhnnent . grxml marnuér arii ufiaréritei‘ arni men‘sorualit3; ilr it ina I‘esine t arr} rtnifideWi e. Sixenit i: courses in SkY‘ial sciewu es evil nsy-hology were required. in ad ifion. tne awnli-ants “ad to ha“e had a‘ least two }ears' experien e in teaching. business or so .al work. Fae” student was granted a zt’rtifiaa’e iflfr\rolifiienr5 inuni.wfiniletion ti tin: Course. The first sta e to issue rounselor vertifiration was Pennsyl— .ania in the mijile 20 5. After this. there was a perioj of inaetii initil Ctnnuw:tiru: adtnntni its orisitual plan i1] 193in Latei‘. other states followed by setting up some rertifitazion requiremen‘s: Yew York in 1937; Unio in 10mm; Massachusetts in 1941; lnuiana. 'ta“. Rest Virginia and Nisconsin in 1946: Flori a. Harylanfi and MiSSouri in lglt': Geunrgtia. >kain22. ‘xeu'.?et‘se§ . Ixshvltangisliirtz atni \t>rnnint in 19us; Arkansas. District of Columnia. Delaware. Louisiana. Nississinbi an? Iowa in l9h9. §cvne in? the tilarms WCIW: aitn)teti by tl‘e izaritnis steALes toitb it stipulation that They become effeeti”e at a later iate. 29 _ b nnamin C. firemen in a stuflx make in 1921 tound tnat t ere were in existence in some states four different letels of gounselor tertification. The following table summarizes ‘he information. L. 297 , , 2% the end of 1902 special renw 1f1La‘ion was requxrej in counselors in thirty-four states and vertification was optional in four states. Some of the remaining twel e states were making nlans to introiure some type of counseltn‘ en“ification. Table Ll: \umher ot le.els of Certitivation by SLates Arkansas \ (Rhinett icut \ ljistr‘iet in t oltnnnia \ Delaware \ Florida X Q£thgia \ lniiana \ Lawiisiana '\ Value X Hariland \ Yassacnusetts \ Wississipni \ Nissouri \ Iew Fampshire \ / Sew iersey /‘ New YQIk H".l0 \ Pennsyliania Ttan \ermont /;// Rest \ireinia \ His onsin \ Ngomin: \ 'NlTALS 5 l2 2 F—J hi general. the first two levels of counselots ha.e a number of requirements in common. some of their «ommon requiremrnts a'e (1) teaching LEFilfltait in state of eligibility for such a Certifi:a, ( 2 ) txvi> ytéat‘s of? lfi‘aflllillg ERXllel‘l‘JHt,e . < 3) tinte \k‘al‘ Lfif \votl< ts téez iezt.tt. ‘\ .t 'Rot e ll. brewsterg ; ui atnw9lfiarkers (kat lil'alltfll'lvthltHKWl’9. bulletin lQrU. Ho. 14, ‘.9. Department ot Heal‘h. lduuation. and inl- fare. up. I\-\ (Appendix H. p.712). -32- <4; a righ le.el of Jersonali‘y requiremen's. the two lv.elS lifter in aeaiemie requirewanfs~-Fe‘el l requiring fif een semes er ttwrs in four areas Whll: le& {T 1 it requires thirty hours in fourteen areas. ost states are in agreement on the need for sue ifi; tourses in counselor ejueation. Among the areas most offen listed are P ilosotfi; ant. Ptfint;ioltis ()f (HJiQENICB . 'zniete: arr iztg tlte Intii'itlueal. t "LlDal itntal ~ ati Liucational information. Counseling. l1r;anization an? Adminis— tration. and Super‘ised Counseling fxnezience.31 ;n 19h9 the Ha'ional Vo;ational ,uiianre Assoviation an; se eral rekated :rouns issuei a proposal voucernin; nounSelor ore— para‘ion. the proposal sueetsted se eral areas in whir“ _oun5elor ’1) shouli acquire proficieney. The areas were: ‘e'sonal qualitiaation. . . . . . I . . 37 s experience in business and inaustry and areas of training. “ lre nroposal also sueeested two le“els of training: a temporary geriifi- teats ht oli ine Luna yeat‘tnf QlYilualkj wtnflt ani girofkessignual s‘ea us Feisei upon two years of graduate work. Thfii joirn. pr\)poserl itr ire» tl}'1 allcaj ftn‘ set? in; inn souu‘ Wtkfi— :edures for tle certification of counselors. A number of states we:e unr‘ing in tl is Eire *ticnt arr} tlie rte t ftwu yeears :9 okra? art arzielt>rat ion toward t‘wa goal (“2~.OUUSE1(H.(W3r‘ifltallLHh 319““ 9mi1h, Founseline in the §erondar§ F~hool (Iew York: Yacmillan Vomnany, 1953), p, 23Q_237. vu12ance in tht Hofern School (New \wrk: I) 0 “2Henr; li.;%rhaniel. Drxfen Press, 1916). n. 4&5. -33- l- \ A three—}ear stu y of tertification requirements for s uWUN. perstnnu:l wrulxzrs was Luv ertattnt in ralittHWtia r3 Ei«;Ummllltfl: ngHéknflxi b5 the state hepartment of Ldueation. The tommittee makine the s Q? ' OllSlJin‘ELj lDRI'SCHlHEfl hulllxel‘é a:s tkal littg irittw ftjur‘ ggrt)ut>s.‘J’ tn regent years a great deal of corcern has been snown about the question of tertifi ation of counselors and personnel woraers. A number of states and territories have been revising or de"elowin; certification requirements as a result of work flone by various rom- mi‘tees and professional groups. thirty—three s ates and terzitories ha‘e manfiatory Certification requirements as or fune. 19773“ Se en states and terriLories ha e optional requiremenzs as of the same jaie. Wany sta'es had to take leeislati e action to pro iie the ne-essary laws to nermit Certifieation of counselors and in most cases the State roarus of Education had to take action on establishing gertifita'ion. Summari With the enattment of tnilu labor laws and the resultant tom- pulsnjry scrunil—attwatqan543 acts. tlte setumgl prunilatirni took tut a tilt— ferent character from its former character. \ow. children from all walks of life were attendine school: they renresented a rross—section (Jf the national tumullation. Chil Uta) of immigrants. amxfitn“s. lawyers. briekmasons. sitchdiegers and various other occuuational groups were 33 California State Departmen: of {Au ation. The Prenaration an' 'Irainixug of Pupil Pharsonnel LMJrKers, tuille in \\1: 3 (1922:. 341. [lunation. LuifianCe Workers Fertifieation Requiremen's. Bulletin Lo. 22 (1937). .3. Donarzmen: of Heal.h. toutation and Jelfare. vffioc ot A 331bii. (set appendix. 0. 2&1). atten in; tit publi‘ s iuuis of file na‘ion anf wete "rown into .lose relationship with earn other on a basis of so ial ani sciolastig at tailnnett'. 'the: far% 'lwat nu>re Wiillren were aiiendins schools an' that all le els of inteller‘ual. social and-egonomia attainments were represented presented new ani Complex problems. The de elonment of guidance ser ices was an effort to meet this new situation and ‘o dintset“re «Jut‘ltunnin twastnircxas. llx: earla efftn‘t at ana‘tltn>iun ensblanrte serai¢t t?ie }«>u11: ¢w~tipl.e of ire tiw<. Frank Parsons was one of the leaders in itis area. As a result of this point of View the term ”vocational euiianie” was m tta hed to most attempts at personnel work. loo. as many statts maie use of vocational funds for the sunnort of {re guifanbe ser ices wit in the states. the term “vocational auidance” was applied fo t?e a ti i‘ie< harried on. Gradually dissatisfaction with the term rauSei some leaders in the fieli to search for a more fiescrinti e term. lfle 'guidanCe” was used by some: the term “pupil De sonnel serxi:es” was tised tn: ottnars. 'lofiai' thetu: is st ill a tiivergtnt e ti ()piHiAng as to what label the work of the counselor s“oul? earry. Some versons belie e the term euiiance workers“ is best. while others belie”e iiat a more inilusi e term. ”pupil personnel services.” is correui. in some states the term ”wounselin; ser iees is nretertvd. waile elSew'tre ”guidance and rounselina serxires”30 matte accented. ~ 3bAr‘hur '. 'ones an» Leonard N. Tiller. lhe national Pi' I -. "£7 of Punil Personnel and Vuidanve ser”ices in 19i3 t ashington: {ational l . Asso.iation of 5e on ary—Rrhool Principals. 1934). p9. inn—10‘. ‘I'lWI' L“ 'ygral nai' mt .nv tin afinnal Siei' i.c as all téhlaéiiltfllal "f ‘ill" ?;a c inf lucriieil tlzis eN-«tqilarn v. sunncl praiiircs in industry an} uOUHSVllHQ 5U! i 95 feivra] by :13 Tie L‘lS‘.Ul‘\’ of iiiz‘: ‘VIWiei idiil: nu iil {xxrsluniel ‘;\\l; na‘iun. in {“9 beginning a numbtr 1 L310 .< —4 _/ . .—V.4 saume Durlh)§t5 in l9:3_ihfr€ of fniae. .A:5«Kfi8li«fl1. {3; Anna ican \K)llv;e National Association of Jeans Ml ()f Giiiijaru e arii I’vz‘satse k‘f tFtel i it 3?. :sat e 11 iit+ t>y tl:e inis:si.atts. :\lIU()St 2' t2r} tute looked to the svhools as the PaUSe of our la; in the ”snate rare] Hhether or not the schools were a: fault is not a matter ot (on ern here. Howe er. the effe t of this e ent and its rhain-reartion on guiianee is pertinent. lhe 4ativnal Defense {Cu a ion A;‘ of le‘ was a legislatite efforf to o‘ercome whaf was apparently thou; t to o .0 be’ the fauscz of‘ the {lailxfltal s~ieww*ifi,‘ Jet ieiinte\u iii a fiiitiini ’bt‘ sinus k)f UMJHC}' a n)roin‘iatiml fkir t? is :UUleJSb. 75¢. ftx:usiti; \‘f attention on the QuiéaHLe pro esses in the public sumools was in ot.an:. The s?ates and terrizories reported an iHLftaSc in 19“E in t‘e funus spent for .o ational guiianee oi ssu.120.10 or 3.1 percent more 3? tran ‘ne amount spent auring the nte,ious yea . lne feieral fsnss U J were used in the ratio of 2:9 to sta e and local funj Alt ousi more money Las been made a ailable tor use in establisrina an: iv- pro ing guidance ser.ices in the s?:tes.“w“W‘iti a1 problem still is Irma training ENMI ftitniilfllt)f qualit he; ‘ounseltu:s on the pub] ¥'- .5. Department of Healtr. Llu'aiion and welfare. 'fii e of 37‘ iucaiion. hi;est of Annual deporzs of S:ati “oar.s of \oeatioual furaiiint ‘o tn: trffice in lniuta.itut.l>i.isitui ot \rreQLional i‘jeca‘itv*. L. L fiscal year endei June 30. 19~” txasning on. n.7,? niiei Sta'es 3% (jtr.e:rtin1ettt EDI‘ill' itte. ()1 f i-r(?. l 9 iQJL . 7i. SE4. -37- st: litwt> l F E S‘? tf‘H s iii? t i‘cf s t 23 t e*:s . l ll(? 1 I LJllvi t tiiireiz‘I: f e, r f i f7 i,t*ea : i tttt “ea 5 ac;elerafei to :he point *na' most of ‘Ve sta‘es now ra=e sucn te— q iremen's or are in in» prowess of es‘ablisning vertiiita‘ion re;ula- titnts. ("reatit‘ ennfliasigs is Engine l)laCLIl uncut scntnil ex iirsiints it) places of emnlo;ment, ans new interest in Le elooing an? Dreseh‘ine o;cugxxat ional info: that ion is ea'iile‘knt. y“. . h Some 5 ates have eniereu fire area of tetkni al training I? establishing te.nni al instifutions for :na training of rhose w?o will be employed by inons1ry and :he trafies. Greater emn'asis is ’t:in2 igla «vi uinwn Lfllpll l)laflfflflle thXJMQll the* use: ot testis anu counseling. The Vational Defense Fiucaiion Art of 1938 pro i‘ed funjs for this purpose. Industrial exuansion. automazion. inureasei leisure time for workers and changes in nofulation vomplexion all lend weisfit to an increasing need fo: servi~es to reorle in a complex society. lrrs ire histor§ of guidante services has been and will continue to be one of grow}: and expansion. CHAPl Q lll lHl UinLSIS Hr lHr U lhA\Cl PHHJYAV IN AWHABSAS Introduction A brief snmmar; of try fawtors influencing tnx C a:a.*ir of *ne peoplv of Arkansas and the social and economic rlimatv surroun — inu thise pvuplt will peinaps Ion» an insight into a unis that are to he retinixnl Euro. klnncing wher«)enrl now pzquM) lin makc; i‘ pi>ssilil¢ io lVCl lb! ulrlrr‘stanid \ulx' [it v 14 ar:t élS t ‘Vl’ d«\ arr ez‘ 1y: [Hill MLthlii(HlS. llec tiqxiurair y «d* [Vi' lan i. tnr= rarizil clumpinsitiiui or the population. the past Eislorv of people and tne degrev of inons— lrialization or non—indlsirializafion influence the ininking ani ‘ tact ion of PcUplc. Thy pr55ical features of Arkansas nave had an important qgtrin- on the degrrc to which various scrtions of {Re staty ha y prourisSqd and developvd. a ogiapnically. Arkansas ma\ be dixidvd into two StCllUUS aCCordinu to physical charawteristics. lne highland po'fion i: nin‘t‘: oi a lirn: tlniniliq Iiorl hegast [kl §tHlthK*Si tn:xngu¥z Cin‘nili;. vapori. Augusta. Svarcy. Little Hock. {mexni. Mal rrn and Arkajilp“ia S()ill niva'::txveat‘o . lli_uli ra'. 6 7 'nza}' lwi- "()llS itit’rt’d s15 l‘(\lel.l y filai'? iii; 1 i 5 line. The lowland arva consists of all territorx below that linu anf waflvs up anon: 32 pyrcvnl of Ike total lan; aroa. 3‘V‘ap of Arkanaas Appendix A, p 190. _'E~._ lhe Mingands max 36 fuzlnvr Arkansas Valle; running from littlv Fuck to norrn of this line includes (lo hzark Mountains of this area incluaes the Hnavnila Vonntains. ezwwur)s are: st ill fin t*«;i iiix'idrwl liltL) oil or‘ 'Hie linglanihs are (nunposeml of \ .- . . ,. . . . . MW M . “1:;c anu the Rest nUlf (oastal Plain. .nis pail. flat lznni shadirn; from ti s.at: to the low delta area in the southeastern Tiw¢ iinialiitaiils tlf iiiy iiiunlenin zirea (Wt iizrougrnn.t in: the (uniseriéatiVe f V tne years most part small land—owners witr modost invomcs. fiftern years, an influy of people from other tizis arwaa EHIU tfie- cinnplinriini iu‘ lite $LX2iCi‘\ h 85 anlg'. As ea rosul: (Jf tin) grvan suppl5 of Katin‘ man; infiusiries Nate seleCieJ this svction of i factories. Pulit iCEEill". tiiv population of. liiis thfll sifl.idl}*-iemulk «d' the PrWHJlatitui is CmniCeiH !alt(l thttt‘. ’tiion, (lilunfliia ainl .cvatni C\“Hlllr5 lla‘ e gi'caat llluibtez' arid iii 1 lt‘3t‘Ul CK‘S kd1l_Cll lia‘ e Ctlltll‘ii)Ul Vii 1L) t 3t=i: (lt‘V'E l klg)fllt‘llt . 'Hte pinasical (filalaCit’l of tlie lainl in tin: nort «wit pait tit try state is such tluat the cheliquwit of large platfléfl but systems RES precluded and as a result sla'ery did not gain a foothold in that area. tinisequentlig fkwu if an}, keggxu S arc tinnn] in the inn tnezn Counties. 'fne lowlaiuks becanw unntrlnsawily pinnilatrd than tin-Exicn— land areas. By' 1930 tliezta Nbltfllfial‘ly ttwa utillitut pet431c lixiiig itierkatn6, Part (lf tliis ltwss ma}r be» crwndi.tetl 1() all exxuius (if fgtiirtu~s it) tngtln~rn in- dtist riial areas“2 atid tr) illk' ltiss; «if ptitn‘er‘ \Jh itt:s aitd }XWUIlg ptwspile ltxfld iHit) forests. In 1950 the soil of Arkansas was used as follows: so en million acres to grow crops, seven million acres to pasture cattlc and twenty ntill.iott a(:re53 ti) leWdLlC(* tiinbe‘r.£i3 :\ tourtli cau5t- for tlic “hfifivnudll in? faint fan ilirs tit the tincns atnl C:itl&fS is lhk? dc» e-loinneiit (Jf 'Ial'itfllé inchis n lifS. FhNiy intiust Yii‘s have moved from the eastern and mid—westcrn sections ot‘ the l'nited States to Arkansas because of its favorable climate and labor Conditions. During the ten-ycar pcriod from 1939—1949, over fifty thousand new ‘i01JS ltaxw: lJee>n czw:at<:d i)y ”(id inchist rie-s in ztrl llt tltt st alt‘, be ing :xssptnisitwle {\n‘ alnwut ssixt3' ptw*Ct41t (d7 tlu: lkllal SLH42,thD,tHJO an farm crops in 1931. Some other farm products that rank among the ti at llflik‘ inc:\.astwl (I .‘ firs text in tlu: state: 5 agg iculttiral htdusti‘ie in ‘qa’lut< cluz'iiig; tlie pzast f ift ec'n twiai‘s a1"e l i x-sttncl< tirtidtict itui :uid broiler production. )iine:rzal Th‘S()UI‘CE'S pz‘ox'itle a 1 ixu;l_iliotid ftir luatl}' c:it iZL’nES ttf the state. Arkansas is zich in oil, gas, batllv, commerical diamond: Eitltl c)t lltfl' in l.[lt‘l’£3 l s , 'Yht~ l95C) CvtEHlS sIUJWewt a ggreat incxtaast: in tluv prthlatitui oi Cl.lit‘5 «if 2 ,3th tir larger.Z43 lllt‘ C(lUlllit‘S 'lyitig in lht‘ Piigtilattd aztga lia'xe SltUtJH tlie gt eeatt st dt‘CIWjaf§P in ptwju lat itni, ulii.lt' tlte ciwsat — est ltiss in t he, lLHdlalhl art a ltas re:nilt(wl frxun tlte uiiciéatitni of Elegioes, poor whites and Some others seeking opportunities in skilled and protessional pursuits. (jettei‘al.l}r ssptealtfl‘ chaiuu: f:tun lhk‘tfild imuc—crtnn agricultural system to that of mechaniZed farming, deTelogmen: (d tdat tnineral it sourths and gyxnatl)! htcreastwl industtiializaticwi. luis cluangr» fitnn tlx~ rtn‘al cluaracztei‘ tr) tlu~ itulus‘i ial i7at iori 5}~sten1?.as H. l. McKnight and fioyd H, lohnson, The Arkansas Story (Hklahoma Cit}: Hallow Publishing Corpoxation, 1938t, pr.340—341. -ug- alst~ CBLksrd (fliangh s it] tht' nUClill atul cul {Utéil cluaracttw ot Mir pittplt-. Phirtr ptmlplt' nine l in- in lht‘ c lllt'S ghid [(KQHf: aiul tire di s— tinction between tural and uihan is UHHI‘tliffiCUll to distinguisl, A significant {catnip tn'tlu'thdtsus huzeau's analysis of Arkansas population trends from 19uu through 1930 was that Arkansas farm residents totaled f fty~se en pe:Cent ot the state's population in 1940 with fewer than twenty-five PLICUHi living in cities. The atual}fisis shindetl tliat in 193(l tin-re \Jvlk‘ ftn‘tyw-twt) pin ctntt t>t tlte pogdilat ion lix hip \Hl tzarms \Jilll a tliirxl ot‘ lht‘ ltllal ptusuléititut cliasstml Q6 as urban. these fipuivs retlvct basic changes in Arkansas' econom}. ' T :hey are linked with expanded industrial and Commtrcial employment, greater ac cage and cavital investment new tarm. much la:uez busines; , r l . I ttirnoxer zuid gzxu¢Hi ot :szansas (:llivr. ’Hie ctwtsus ?1 post hidicates ll H ,4 a. CLHlt intioiis im[)rcrfenu nt llt tlie bailaltCt* iN3l\JVt%l sag: iCklllLlfk' atul ilidtr as inctnne [)zothict4 s. HtllCt', irulust ry is in te: inc,tnort) enugloinu nt tip— ptirttltiit it-s ftu‘ tun} s atnl g;i1 ls ot’.Ar keniseas . lliis Ctintlit itNI i¢tuiltl suggest tht need for added emphasis on current job opportunities, surreys and occupational intormation ielatiwe to Arkansas husiness atnl industxyu ilugre lia:; bfiw M £3 sttwady inc:t-ast- in lllr in YCtfillagk‘ ot :schtual— age population enrolltd in school from 1570-71 to 1033-30. In the —. period lS7U—7l, l3./ perCrnt of the total population was rHtullrd 46 Arkansas State Department ot Lducation, Di ision of \ocational Lthicat'ion, ()cctuwat iotwil linkirnuitituu aHkl‘dUlAMQHCL‘ StN‘TiCt S, ;\nn 531 h s» c iptiVe Report ~—193H—3l,” Ch, \1 (Little rock, Arkansas: Sta e bipartment of Educatitni, 193l). _uu- . . . .___ )7 o . in school as compared to 23,0 percent in lg))-)b,4/ tor the same pew irxls ille' P(d‘Ctlll ()i sci.otilnas;e ptu UlEiiiJlH teas Qtl,4 tie: ctdtt in 1% fi3~ _, . ~_ -, lg we. . . 7'1 ainl bt>.l 1n=rthtt ill 19)i»—50.'*“ liis lHCttsaFe‘lhay tut alll‘LbUltfll to a numher of factors, chiefly the higher educational requirements ftir \Jnll‘allCE‘ itttt) (:ei ta in 'Utu:at itnia l f’ietltls arid tile CtHl;\liiklal itnt (if school districts. In 1931—32 there were 3,193 school districts in z\’k£flt$8§3 atul b}' l9EVS-3ti tliis Iiunflier'liad tieeit rethIthl,bt' ctntstilithititni, t to 423. 9 'The restilt (d’ ctnisttliden.ion lias lieedi tr) iHCItsaSk’ the-:siye ot’ tlie redna:inthg scliotils arid CtHlChdtll alt: lticeal fiJlaIIleil stipinirt tti the extent that better facilities are made available to students. tlne sLKfli facilit}? is the tNKH ision ikir guidatuu? services itiznani of tile SCllUOlS. l at 1y l)e\waltuvnelit (it tlie (luixlaIIth ServiCes in Arkansas 236(28115fi‘ ()f tlte iiiftirnual [marine r ill \vhzicli tlie gilitlalle‘ SK r 'ict-s were first established in Arkansas at the state level, a proc'"s of (I. U trvolLH ion tun; car» ied tlue dexw:lopuunit td‘ a tfliilostwdiy antl f:anu2 of organizatitni Hirough a Immune: of exploratory steps. lhilph Camp was already occupying a position in the Arkansas State Departm nt of {duca— t itni it'latesd i() the: Ytnith tGar‘ hffk>rt tvhtdi tlie idk%3 rd? esztalrlisltinge a guidanCe service in the State Department 01” l7ducation was beached h}- I 47‘.F. (tttLCe (d thiucatitui, Departuunit of Healtlu, hducatixnt and Kelfare, wienniel Survey of tducation in the {nited §tates——1934—§6, Statistics of State School Systems: 1933—56, Chapter 2 (Washingtor, 0,3,: ".5. GoVernment Printing Office, 1939), rt.62—63. Abe . ibid. “gibtd. -4)- Med A. Smith, Director ot' Vocational ljducat iUI‘. Dolph Camp and [Red Smith apptoached the State Commissiom-r of tiducation, l-‘Ialpl‘ "V 1ones, with the idea and the commissioner was highly in tar'or of the pi oposal. Dolph Camp assumed the posit ion of State Super \‘iso: ot . , - . - 1‘ - s ' ' - I S() t ttccupat ional information and ouidance bef‘flCt'S in July, 1942. how— ever. there was no official document. authorizing the action, as all . . 51 . . action taken was based upon oral Commitments. lhere was neitne: an official action by the State doatd of liducation nor an executive order fl) (—9 by the State. Commissioner of lfiducation. Thus, the ('tt‘fice of ate Superx-isor of t'tccupat ional Informat ion and GuidanCe Service was launched without benefit of any legal or ott icial action by the U. fate Board of liducat ion. No funds were available f'om either state or federal sources for reitttbut‘Sement of local guidance programs as were available later , 'l'he work of the first halt“ of 19142 was cart ied on unde: this plan of nonreimhursement, However, some funds from the State. Vocational Division were made. available during he lat te" half of 1942. 'lltis use: of \'ocat ional funds was considered to be illegalsg at this time, but shortly thereafter the t’leorge—waz‘den Act made tunds available from the federal govetnment for guidancta pu:pose.~. SOLettet from Dolph Camp to Cleo'ge "ui. Elia: rod, Roast-mbw‘ ,7, 1939. (In the files of" George ‘.., llat‘t‘od, Southern State College, "‘éigttolia, Arkansas.) jllbid. 521nm. —QO~ This new svr.ict in thy Arkansas \ocational Division had to chcltq? some tht.htitv ctunn‘pts (d t)rgani/;H ion arnttfltilostqfixy as guides and proCcdurcs At first, thy supervisor ot Hccugational 'informatiJnI and (HJLJaHCe Stu xicV contitnwlttis acti itics ti) lhuév scfltotils tltat ltatl csteabl ishtmi tn gattiétwl glildéHlCL’ piwwgréyns tn wln»sc atlniirtis t:13ttaz‘s tt>r1ngal ll’ thX it rtl lliln ttm x’is it tliiwn itir lilt‘ 1>uz ptist: of developing guidance survich in thcir schools. 3 tho thinking bvhidhl this inilicy was tlwat it the enhninistrattu took time ttouble to invite the State Supervisor and to prox'idc time in the school pitugi ant ftir liitn t o egxtslaairt ti) lltv steaft' tlte tintct itnt \Jf tiic gtiitta11Cc setwcict-, ttudt tin: adutinisd,rattn‘tnust lla\1‘ soun- iHlt‘VVSl in t~steflnlis3‘in; a guidance program in his school. Att it cut in lhi‘ H, f.(}.9. thiort Tinnbe: 6, ol clariuai 5, 19143 detscz‘itngs nfltat Dtilidi (Iantp tlitl tut lhlcenntn i If}, l9it2. Spent the day working with ”vb?! Springs high S<3htxwl atnj (jouunurtit3'. I tqcttt «an inx'itEititnt frtmttltc stun rintctnhtit, lh‘ is rczy=éutxious to have an cfftClin program of vocational guidanCv. on arrival I had a Contvrencc with ltiJn arid textiléaittctl tlie s iXfi-p()illl i)itwgr‘ain 1(t hiuL At ()Hfi it'cltmfl< i sinikc tirict‘ly tt» the studtznt body. From two to lilt‘tt o'clock 1 again spcnt thc timv with the supvrintcndcnt discussing thy rcvisvd program of wartimv Counseling and the organization ot his statf for a pvrmancnt program ot vocational guidanCu. At 3:00 P.V. 1 met with thy tcaching staff and discusScd thu usc of individual inventory atnj t)CCtipat itntal itd ottnat ion in a; CkHlHSt’iilml S3 lbid. progzanr I alscitiiscusstwl the rwsuisemitx‘ocraut of giiidentct: ttu lusys fac:iru; St lecztitm' Set Jict: immedléHtJi}. At '230 P 32 .. spoke It) the lUJt,a: y’ tlltib tut 'tlie intpcirt artcca tit twiceat icnta'l guidance for the txnfistdnituil] be inducted r into sew JiCe SLHHl,) it is obvious that the above schedule of activities was de- signed to contact as many different gyoups as possible and to inform them of th; objectives and methods of guidance. Dolph Camp empYasized tire féact tliat; he: nuadt) tlie 1'is it UlJUIl tlie irtvi tat iort rd’ t?.e Stlpkfklllledldxtfli and tdiis pointeml up a [N‘inciplc tluat was tkillowed tn’ the SIEHxB Suptr— x'iscn‘ witli otlmer C(nitactss. .r‘ 'Fhe ttfi ice: of (JCCLipat'ione1l Itticnwnatiiott arnl (niidzntceétser" ice U) when first established July 1, l9u2, at the state level consisted of 4 a State Supervisor, Dolph Camp, and Miss Vivian Steed as secretary. the first counselor trainer position was created at Henderson State Teachers College in 1946. U, E, McKnight served in this capacity until liis dtyatli in 19F35. ijVEWlltJa].i}f pL)Sj_li(HlS ot‘ cthItst:ltn‘ lt‘ailtet‘s \GL” e J created at three other state-supported college’s. All "he colleges were entitled to reimbursement for half the salary of the counselor trainers and the state provided the money to defray the travel ex- penses of the Counsel or trainers. the University of Arkansas has newyei* tweet] 011 a :‘eiinbtn‘stwnettt lvas;is tkut‘ crninsealtn' it‘athittg. l" I - )4 , . . . . . . Arkansas btate Department of Lducation, Division of \ocational illucatixnt, chnipatixnial Ifltfornuatitni and (hiidatuu: Sezk'ices, '3 1,.i.9. Report Number 6, January 5, 1943,“ p. l. —Vn the Fist State: Plan Before a statc=cruiht participatc inthr tinnL+YHadc awailablc by the passing of the Cvotgv~fiardcn Act in 1946, it had to prepare a State Plan under which to nprratv, This State Plan had to be apprchd by the Vocational Division of the ’,§, Departmunt of tjucatior. lhe first Statv Plan for Arkansas was app:ovcd by the HffiCc of 0c— cupational information and Guidance SrYViCt, t.S. Uffice of tducation, - 5 S I A. - - \ in 1943. Somc of the proVisions of that statc plan as approved ft)lltua: 'Dtc lJU11135 tfi’ the EStattitSuptu“xist)r Mk rv: I. Studics and investigations 1%, tic slial_l SitJd}/ tant31twyukettt Ct)nttit ituis in that state. as a guidt- to occupational inftwrnuatitnt- Ht: stuall SUI”JP§’ sclnuol, facrilit ics; of the various communities to ascertain the best nu1Mts ftn ostefivlistthtg ptxngrams (if occnni- at.itntal. ittftvrntat iott attd gttidantcte sttittnd to tltc intliviiiual_ ccnnmtntit ics. u. He shall preparc plans, programs of guid- ance and literature on studios, sttri'ox‘s, and investigations in the field of occupa— titntal inftNtnat loft atnl ngidéNle. D. He shall ascertain and rccommvnd such equipment, library matcrials and other supplcmcntary supplies and facilities as ttill be tnugdcd ttutnakc ea progfiffln of occupational information and guidance effective in he Sveral units. jjAtkuntsas EStatc [M pafluuflti of lhlucatitnt,1)ivisitnt of \tmxitional Lducation, Occupational Info:mation and fluidanCc chViCcs. “Annual Report—-l942—u3.” (Little Rock: 1943). -49- Hr shall promote through the slate fxmllluv—Ln) stlnliles of giralhiallns arnj fcfllHVZ' Sllhlvllls i11 sl*cgx‘alns tr(rxillc ccnn- plcdea priuirauns for tlnemsealvos. Ht" shall promote training; of tuac'ncr- C(HHISU1()FS iII()CCLnxational_ hifoiuun ion arul guixhanCl‘, anil ada’isc Edilll tvacflicr trainers on all matters perraining to tht’ inwprxnxancrlt (sf lht‘ p?w3gx an]. -3(L— 1‘. th“ shall] C(Rfllétl \vitli ltRClx'rS (‘f \wmational subjrcts, particularly in (lk“7k'](li)lllg‘ ttrclrrticrut‘s, t>f C(lHllSKKlvlllg and tdtntt‘ astM3cts ()f at guitkancv program. F. [It lht‘13ftmk)litnl of ()CCLHQallJHlal in- ltuwnat iorl atnl gfilldéiHCt‘ pztlgrzuns, llt shall work in closv Cooperation wit (JX ist ittg aggcrtcritzs . tzul l ic 811d pr in'att , udxiclt ct)nt ritrutt> [(3 lllu atl/aIIthUtWIt (at tlic ot>jt ct i x-s ot’ tltv prwjgg‘ant 1 I‘ ,A (3. lie idiall prtnnotE\ DIXJSIYNHS rd: gtlidEHle ti>r tn rsrnts IN) lintger' gttrolltwj it) - ~, )0 fullutimc day schools. A study of the Statc Plan re vals the existencc of a closc rc— laticnufltip bnlhkwdl the ftnK3tions ti tlnerirkansas guiidanct’;)rograntennj U) tht‘ xlrc51tiA3néal [Jix'isix)n ()f tht: Stzatc Iltt3arttnctlt er l d1n2at l(fll. l7;i is evidenced by tluétnany rrfcrencvs t()'llccupational Itdklnnation," ”Vocational Schools," and “Agriculture and Homemaking." This closu— knit relationship, in the carly days of the Arkansas Program, has er ices in U) reaisrwl tln: qtlcst loll reqiarxlitrg tlwc l:Ft(ml0ut ol‘ lht’ gtridan1ce Arkansas to dcvclop along the lincs acceptably to the philosophy of guidénuxe and LIHUlStllHQJ lfithunattrly, llm‘llltccltfl‘ of \kxnitional ltlucrat’irnt, 17:1?d ;\. Sntitlr arrd lzattw“ ‘. Pdax'icnt A ianrs, pt:rutittt d thr- 'E§tatcr DiJw:ct(n‘ of (WCCLngatiJntal Tlnftnfinatidrn HIM] thridantce tc» haxwr a free hand in carrying out the pl'(_)\'lSlUIlS of the State Plan. It is understandable that thvre would be a very close relationship in View 56Arkansas State Urpartmcnt of Lducation, Division of Vocational Education, Uccupational Information and Guidach Err ices,a Handbook frn‘l'se :33 a (hiidt: in l stahfl ishitn;, lktlazgging enrd lun~roxidtg lx)cal Programs cfif‘locational lklucatitnr hr:\rkansas Innalic Scluxvls tLittle Rock: 1943), Chaptvr Vlll. L) f -31- tlio Inatntcz‘ ltt udticr- tht- st»:x lCK‘ RQLS t-steall is? (kl. 3~y tltc‘aTtt» gt- fiardon Act, funds from tho chcral Vocational Division wurc made attailahle‘ to tlu? Stalk? Vocatixntal Ill lSltUl for gxrhlancu ttsc. llu: USr’ of tltc it :m "tuacln:r—ctuntsvltn”' itnlicgntes tltat {lit conCtQJticnr of Intilostnflty atnl Ofgffllllallwflt of trme gnirkthc sta"'iCcs in Arkansas was in the formativv stage. lhc State Superrisor, in 1943, wrote that he soon saw how wrong ha was to start with the idea of each teacher doing some counsrling. is r- )/ kvcntually, the idca that every lcaC”y? a C(3UIISt‘lCH‘ vuas al)alldt)ni“d ill f23\x>r of” tixc ptri1t>st43h§r tltat Ct U115t‘llfit; srould be done by a person who has bccn specifically trained to pct- fk)lnl Ct)U[lSE§llJlg St'TK’lthfi atul hflli) hiiS lived: rteltwastad f:«)ut Ollltt‘ LlUl iv:; in «ardew tr) so: 5e tlu: pu1)ils «d fcct i cl§'. llue SCotm (sf the t irst Slalt? Plan “mystariginalltr restricttmt to providing auxiliary services to the Vocational Services that wore al- ready established in many public schools. In all raspccts tic idea 0 f ! 'qurkiJu; witltf' “Ctuqngratitqg wit? ,' oz"'augnuwttitn§' itnlicattxl a Cvt”laitt drfiiFec (Jf anrxit~ty \Jillt rtnspt13t tt) 8CCM“plEHlC&‘ b}' tVt‘ Hi "isitur of ‘rtnzat.itntal. ltlu<:at itnt. ltt thk‘ eaz'lt' steagcs; of the. ngldEHlCt‘ ptxrgréun llib Ellalt‘ Stnpr:"1istr CCHIfCEIfltCU tuitlt ther Steatc (firmntissixntcr't>f taluczatirnt arnj lllv [lirkxcttr Vocatitnual Lducenitnt, outliluml HIFCE rrquirmmu41ts that znhnhtistrators public schools had to adhere to in dett to acquire tfv 8S§l$laHCv the mtatc Supervisor in imp:oving or cstahlisfiing a 91ogram of t-et tcr' fr out IMJltflt \Hjmt‘, ’ .F.ilft ical ot’ lthtCéltitrn, Dag.a:‘tnn_nf in of o f of H 37. O f Htalth, Llucation and kvlfarc,tkashington, 9.3.: gortmhv: 7 , l939t. Qt UTvat ional lnformat ion and L.lll.LlElllC\‘ ber'dice in their scnools, 7“ it“ ~ “equtrements were tile. following: 1. A school must issue an invitation to the State Supeu'isor of (")ccupati..mal Infor— mat ion and (iUilelle': 2. the superintxendent must be desirous of impro ing his program of occupational informat ion and guidancu and 3. the superintendent must free Some number of the local staff from other duties in order to assist with the organizat ion of the: program. lliis time will range from one period a day in smallgschools to full-time guidanCe work. ‘ 'll1e three requirements enumw‘ated in lltc above. quotation show the great concern on the part of the: State: St.1per\'iso:' towards the l’fi‘Ceptiveness on the part of the school administratm‘. [he superin— Lk" I‘ulent of the school had to make the first most: by inviting the State 5 Upcrx'isor and had to indicate a sincere. desire to establish a guidanCe ' p503 ram in his school. lie was also required to pro\ide, some member “f I": is staff time in which to carry on the functions of a Counselor deco rding to the CQIlCL‘pliOIl of such a program as those functions were (1945C ribed by the Office of the State Supervisor of Occupational lnfor— {I - I‘V ' 0‘ ' tat J-on and ouidance be:x“.'icc. SS " ‘ ' Vision of locational e: wiCes , "Annual ‘iptix'e: Report, May, 1943," (Little tiDCk: Flax", l9LtS'). f—d- Arkansas State Department of llducation, t . - . _ . . _ . “d “C a t ion , Occupational Int o~ mat ion and Lu idanCe be S. Q ' If) -53- 'ilit State Slllfit'l‘x'lrt)’ submittt'd written z‘cports to the :lllit'kl {K‘s UfflCt‘ ot’ t-Lducation, Hccugrat ional Iniormatitm and GUIdHllCL,’ x) t , , . . -. L" '~ Lees, at; I‘t-gular lltlt.’l‘é§il.<. Report .umhct‘ 6, atlkll'i‘SSk‘tl to Many 4x V— ‘ o . O , a ‘ 0 ,fi 'l o s. agcr, (shit-f , tlccupat ional int oz‘mat ion and (.uidancc' Sm ‘.'1ct_:s in (but: *...S. UffiCu of liducat ion, consistt-d of an ilt’llli2£‘kl report for! 1.1x ““‘~"11 11 of Deck-tuber, 1943. A port ion of this rt'port which aptsvars to 1:21 t. significanCc with l't'SPi‘Cl to the organization of the car'licst J ”CCUpational information and Guidance tt-rx'ici‘ in the: public schools of l *‘Xl‘kansas has this to say with l'thpL-ICl to the. manner of initiating; thy programs: It has l‘wen my feeling that one of the host p21,)Ct‘ilLlft"; for the first year of this 5(’l“.'iC\‘. in thc Stats; would be for me to assist a tow school administrators dchloy t’XCt'llL'lll prcgrams of ivocat ional guidancc-. this of course would be in addition to tht- matter of working with all thc servicts in Vocational liducation toward improving vocational guidance for mcmhcrs of their classes, and tile mattm of giving; Certain tulip-s to all schtimls such as hullctins on wartimc COUllSt‘lillLl. I ham: taken plcnty of time to St‘lt‘Cl lllUSk‘ schools. Ht" course I had to find schools whost- administrators aft‘ interested in guidanCc. ()n this date I. ha‘fc: Fort Smith, llcbet Springs, Scarcy, Niche, i"iC'\i‘\'i:tC‘.allkl Laki- Yillagc definitely lined up and wozkin; on lhv program. In addition \‘allt-y Sp: ings and Friendshigr, two opwn country schools, are: goirg to adopt llltf t:>r‘o;1ran‘- just as soon as 1 can get around to tlwm, I plan to spmtd Some time with Vallvy Springs in fannary. I do not plan to call the schools "llxpu‘inwntal" o! "De-mons— tration.“ In fact I do not plan to “call" thcm but I Confidt-ntly expect them to bK‘CUnlk‘ dunonstration in naturt”. I bt-livx'c ()lllt‘l‘S in tilt: statt' will hvar of RC; t llt'lll . ’ " '(“>.l.".1.S. tit-port Xumtrt-r 6, y’anuazy 3, 1943." LHC‘. cit. -34- "hc first six schools to cstahlish an Hccupational .ntormation Qr \ruidancc St'rx'ict’ vaf‘k‘fit'llit'kl hoth tht: lélf‘i-gtfl' and tin» srrralltvr' ‘73,; ’01s; the. northwcst suction: thv Ck'lllf‘al SL‘CliUllI lilt’ StlUli’lL‘HSlL‘Ill “Q t. ion; and thv southern scction of tho statte. [t is significant tila 1.7 the State Supervisor did not want these first pr‘ogr'arrrs to i‘v chtls idcrcd cxpcr imt-ntal. ‘lhough llL' did not want thum to bc lahclcd 83 Such, it is evident from the portion of thy 0.1.115. i1t.f1‘0§’l B'Illtl‘llcf 6 just. quoted that the Statv Strpt+z"-.'i.sor* did t'XPUCi than to state as dti‘n‘tonstration programs, l‘.‘.idvntl'\', llolt‘h Carin: wanted thy six programs t 0 be: located in such azuas that SU[)t‘l‘illlUll(lt'lll5 in nt-azhy school Sivéltems could olrscrvte thc opcrat ion of the programs and thus bcComt- Lnter‘estcd in establishing similar programs in their schools. ll§$tate Philosophy of Guidanci- The basic philostrphy urttlt---r'l}'irtg tho guidanct-e proaram in :‘srkansas, as followed in 1942, has Ulldt'l'gttllv may littlt- changt- or rrmdification from that date to the present tirm-. The trrimvographcd bLlllt'lill, "ouidance St-rxiCrs in Arkansas Public Schools, 1952,” issued by the Vocational llix'ision of the Atlt of gitidentci- ha:; C(HlllJlUkwl ll) ht’ tiny f0inuiatixut UPCHI\Uthll_BUlkleCK' SthfilCUS ltavc: dc.x-lothl in t‘iv yndvlic :scltinnl.s . lltc s ixctlt zantl .§(”Ctdllll pt>ittt.s Sllkfld Sklhlv cltattgt- itt 13L ilttsttjdty‘ ftcmt that exintssstwl b§' tht-f%t8ti~13uptd“*istn‘ itt 19u2‘ llu~sv ltdn points draw sharp distinctions hctwccn thy function of thy ltflChrt attd atlutittis:tz‘at (H‘ gas C(lnl 121st v(l It) lltv kHJtl( inf fltv ctsuttst-lt»t, ‘IT.is 6(LXFREHISBS tétatt‘ [k pas Hntwtt (if lkiucat.iott, \tu3atittnal. tin isitnt, ‘lCCLHJatiAHtal lHltHlnallkHl atut GlhhlaHCK‘:€UTI'lCCS, ‘Wtur :1asic l3 ilostnfi y id (Juidance Sed‘KlCV5,"(MlldanCt'Tfl‘!Vle5 th:\tkansas lhddli 'l-llllt- hock: l932‘), ”1.1m Hil'al-llt‘kl_. Q, 'C SL'ltHUlg -37- bi‘lltl ltas lflsvH (f(l'l‘5§t%l in tall stzatc llHtllCéH luthé BHLl by it thal CXitl‘SSlJHtS b5'ltoliflt Oahu: and thigh liflt‘ll aest§tatis Suputhisors id“ thCLhfiallxthal ‘lnfgntnatitnt atul (HllaHCt’ Sctwsicvs. In the samc puhlication an attvmpt was madc to cstahlish stow titl:illllkf thUthda: ix s by’ at ttwnt:tittg tg) c lat it y thc» hu‘altillg of? tlic ttrtn “gtiidantcc." ft» atttdnpt \uas tnath> ttt d6d:lnhf it itt lPI‘US «d? a gnrrcrisv definiti4v1.but Illfltet a statchudtt of SKT”ClCVS Fvndeitni‘AaS giwvn. l"i\w' acettstctl attik? wezt+ listcwl: l. A cumulative record for cach pupil in grades l—12 in which would be found information pct— téaittittg l() f atni_liz l)a(:k§;:wttnttl, lii'a‘ltli, attd ifliysic;11 Slath4, SClUtlasliflf ructntl, psyxflto— logical test tvSUlIP, intcrvicw notes, and all «wtlti»r pt“ll ittcltl lllithlnal itwn tliat; .is pits::il)lt- lk) aszstwnbltJ; 2. An adcquate educational and occupational into - mation service which includes specific oricn— talllfll fgn‘ iHC(m1ng lfllpils autd datea cometdtting local employment oportunities that can be oh- taituwl by'ai platnumt comnuhtity SLH”fivy Cd‘ job t>tig (ll t Lllll l ieJ:;; 3. tlvUItst+lthg st'r,'ice» (tltc ptm'stntal. clutfen'cttcta) 2a in itt itttttut t llllt? 23 l l ()l Hlk‘ll t t)tf ()rt(' ll()LlI‘ {silt‘ pupil to be counseled; 4. Advquatc placement svrvict through cooper— atiint witl1<3xistitmg agetK3ius ()r it’ these+ are not available by setting up a plachsnt ser— tcicc lJt the. SChtull stastan Cuthent inftn‘— {Hal'lUll atnrut lLH381 k nnjloinncttt insptn lUIllllk‘S and a close wotking relat iunship with local cmploycrs is nccessary sctwciCt* is ti) flutctiint ad(IlU8lt*lyI if the ymrloymcnt —3b— 5, A follow-uy ot school lcachs both graduatcs and da op—out s, A {iv 3‘ iod iC Cont act of fortnv t‘ studtwtts is t'SSVlH ial ftn‘ thc [vutptst «if gt tt ing; ittftnwnatgitut lH:Ct*55é3F}f it) lilt‘ atugrEtiseal of thc tddkfi3tivcncss id tlu: total sclnntl program.Cl :XCC33riiing; ti) tltc pliilttstqjh}! ctnincriatt:d, a scdiot>l is (leewnccl to liaxw: an t)rgatti2twl guiihanCt: p ifllfafll\dh£dl al‘l tlue fl\kJ scthiciis listtml abcnu~ 321% prestwtt. )Hie (t tectixwdtcss «Bf tlu: prtwiram CkWJld by dtwtemnincd b} tins dcgrce tt)\diich cacdt service tWhtctituhs in ptxnaidin; ttiu lthOtHKillLHt atul actix'itiess tIHPUtIal€wl. lhte'lluidanCc Sctiitxus in Atkansas FHleic Schools," reviscd Octobct, 1959, lists thc idcntical sixtcen points containcd in thc 1952 cwliticnt as tlie tuasic tfltilostqflty (fir the gyiidatume sczm'iccs. 3c- scairfli as EN] azima was éhddcd it) ihi' 1959 lijst as llTOUQll it was ant afttetthinlght . llua otiéginal‘ idca \485 tluat tlu: actix'ity cd? follinJ-ul would also include rescarch practiCcs, but tvathUCC prchd that rcseatcfli as such.vuhs pzacticallgfIMMt—cxisttdn in most gutidance-tyrograww 'Uius, tlue 1959 cwlition cazw‘h~s a siu12ific txdflxrcHCc tit rescattflt but sitics envay tTrout stat.ing ea fian at titihlc tinqarrt it. 'En tin: sauu' buli- leztin last citcd,thc work of the counselor was dclittcd under four broad arvas: l. Svrvicvs to pupils. 2. {XSSiSl htg ltflBCth‘S tt> lcaCll brtttn . 3. Presidtting tin: facts ti) the anhninistr1ation. u. Supplying lcadcrship in developmvnt of thy gu idancc pt 0% ram . 62 611mm, p. to. 621mm, p. ll. -59- x 0 Actually, thczc is notding ncw in this statrmcnt; rathcz, it is a nun'c ctnuzisc {W‘SlBIEWm‘Hl td‘ lhu «itigitual pritm:iylvs. Itcht 2 would at first glanct: seem unnCcsssary hut t‘XPk’l‘lt‘llCt' has shown a nctui fin‘ asesistixtg it aclu rs ti) inuirozm- tht-ir ttxac?;inc. 1)ol;flu Camp throughout his tcnurc as State Supctvisot and Hugh LUtht, who suc— thdcd him, kept always bcforc the CUUHSclUrS of thc state 1hr nccessity ftn‘ tile lcnzal CtfllHSE‘lOl' tt) in o\ idtf ltuadttlu: foundatitnt dc\T?Lthd by’lh)lph Cauw> in thc cwu‘ly ycazs td’ “iv «giganizcd progranws ht thc state. ltugh Lchtt, ilk} LIeSle Dizccttn‘ of‘ GllidéNlCE’, is; CcHlllJlUlJlg tlic \voil< itt tln‘ s alt“ oft ice) iti lldtc tait7; o—v- the former cochptions of what constitutes a guldBHCv p ogram. 111 the [nimccgitaplUwi htnflr' t’éiCIll ll ll).1 l irt git eitlt s (HH‘ thrxnlgh lXW‘lTV. ’Hiis rewnrrd crnrtains rn‘ will contain before separation from school: Family background E. llealtli arnl ph515ica1, steitus C, Scholastic record I). Aptittnh: and th‘ abiliti', achiextunent, lHlQJFUSl , arm] tnlrer tteethzd it‘Sl results 1’. :Xct.ix'it}r Fthtn‘d F. Honors and special recognition (3. C(HJHSfifllth ttott:5. 2. zXn athxquate: le(HWH8tllH1 SEIW’iCt intrvidews the 1>upil Edith tmxzupat ional, intucatijinal, éflld in Xt-Sl\ p inftrruuatitnt. mecnrg (llhk3h tltitnzs, current knowledge of local cmployment re— qtiircntcnt tmrd (naportrrnit ics is lustdtml. 3. 'Hie cinnrseliJn; se:\ ice (tlu- perstnual ctnifeztdtCe atrd tlie hi:ar t ()f tlie giritlartct: [)rrwgr arm) Sllkflllkl provide a m nimum time allotment of one hour a year per pupil.' a. An adequate plaCement service through cooper- ation with existing agencies: or, if these are not available, through a plaCement ser- \'iCt5 itr tlte scfliturl S5’9ltflh, (:Ul'ltdlt irtft)rnua— til”! about' local tunplrnhudrt opptntinrities eurd a close working relationship with local em- 131o}%*rs is tteCtfissarfa it lhk’ enn21o}mnant ser\'iCe is to function adequately. ). A t\)llow-Lu>(3f schturl lea 1% s, bcnli Elakhflalc: arul drxrp—tnrts. A [N‘Fitmllc cinrtact‘r)f frowner students is essential for the purpose of get- I ting information neCessary to the appraisal of the effectiVeness of the total school pro- gram.63 63Arkansas State, Department of Education, \ocational Dirision, ilccrnuaticnual Inftnfiuatitnt and (Alidatux: Saw rictws, ”Chiidarmxa Scrx ices in Arkansas Publ iC School's, " r‘eviSed (tCt'oht-r , 1959 (Little llock: October, 1959) mimeographcd, ,. 10. -51- Again, not actually including thv arva ot trivalch in thy i)él:§rl(3 t (fcltl i I'L‘Hlt'll : :é , t lit+ i at}; l 1 (:£] t i klll i,5; t iléi t t lit)tl2;lt t‘t' s t~zlt‘ c:li i s tttst a :sixtli St!“§lCt‘, it EH8} tn; ctnusidtttml as twnc t»f tlu‘ gUikh3HC6‘ Sczl iCus. A gyneral :tatvmcnt at thy Clufiv of thy :tatcmcnt ot SclviCtS atatrs tltat “ufiu:n :3 SClhtol is 'elhjr! int; alrl llhfSQ' Stl”3iCkH* ftn‘ it;s SltlJtlllr, . . “on it has a guidanCv pzogram. The January 19u7 isauv ot the Coun3vlgram, thy statv HVW§lvilvr carw‘irtl a let tcr‘ tit)m lltv :Statt- Stu)r1“sistwt, athlrtwsstml tt) lhk‘ C(HHl5titlfF of tlu: state. llma first paréuitaph tn“ thc ititt‘y EHLMH‘Zalcd Ila tk~l— ltnuirm; cluaractx'zist ics :35 tu»ing khjjilYiblk‘ in gill C(HHlStitlTFi \Rnl 87v (ligagvrl in a tot:k vfltich :ttulircs tliat }THJ bt-txntw get ic, sywnpatltvt ic, MW 11 intt)rmtwl, \CiSkd 81“:t , t aiJllftJl, ct>uttageuALh<, lJCZ‘SlJ4trflll, atnj e41- tluisiastic. lt quUlle tlual you be Cfluaracttn‘izyd by many good qualities but tthc are cnough to mention now. ) llic fSteatt: Stlpc:rx'ist31 C]JJ5('5 ihtf lt’llt‘f \vitli tltc ittjtntct itut It) thtf CULHlévltttS that thc5/ kctq) in ntind tliat tlteiz‘lnaitt jti‘ is ct»UI15e<1thg arid tltat tlic St’li'ithS tit ilNfithltlr}' attd ittfttrnuat iott HHlSI be in EHUidEfllCt‘ bcfknre taffe43tixxa ctnln5t~lingi cart he khtnt‘, ;\ latt-z It'- Wtillkléfl' f ltlnl lltlgli i.()\'t‘i t , i)i_lt‘(:t tlr trt' (Jilitleattc:c-,231;1;t 61!} Li Llll iilt' "Ditector's Pagu’ in the Uctober 1958 issue of thv CounsVlg:am. Ht uzgcwl CLHMIStltn S nrn to ttirgvt that tmaor gylidatmna i5 tw»:5t4 inlittityly' worSe, than no guidanCr at all. He called thr counsvlors' attuntion to tlne tact tltat (xuunStl mtg atul tvstitq; art-tntly I\«) of tin Stw‘ricts L)f tlte gtlitlattct: l)tttgl an]. ‘I (“with p. 12. 65 lnllt)h.tlaun>, .'Stfl)vl\’ifitlffi' Lt ttxw ,“ «IoLHISt'lgrern, attua: r, 193 / TO _02_ The Director of Guidance Cont inutd by reminding the Counselo;s that Guidance should be Ix-rt‘ormed by people who are: cwnpetent, by nature and training, to do the job. it is a sad commentary that we still have some people in education who subscribe to the idea that academic teache;s without special preparation can——and should——carr_v on all guid- attCe service and teach too. There is just" one of two things true. when a person makes such a statement: He is either deliberately misre— pzesenting the facts; or, he. just does not know what a guidance program is 'lhese same people who want to argue that evmy teacher is qualified to do psychological testing, test. interpretation, c«77)uns(-tattx Sllptl'JlottT takts some Counselozs to task about sponsoring student o gani/ations. llis article, tinnul on tie “Stnhfl“lifiul's Pagtg singles (Hll M ree stink nt turgattizat iotn<; t‘t: Sttldettt Ctuntcil , tlie Fajtitnial llontn' S(<:ict}’ atnl [yt’lfUlUll‘IitaClkjhj t)f Ann» ica, this ctvwnent: I 3;asttwt IL‘ say' that tirese tlzgatti/atitnis a't-, of t AMUSel\ti§, wortlwdiile atnl useful. ’It is lH)l to bi: teaktut titat i an: agiathst tiient tn t1.e t}q)e (J1 deVelopment they assist the pupils to achieve. ’liev ate: sucfliliealthyteand tin iving inguulizatitnts ', titeat ttte-y thsntatnl CtJllS itlet‘atiltt tixntl t :ttnt tht: 1)ei‘st>n c‘tisett 1c) sptntstn‘ EH1}’ otu‘ inf t: eat...lfhewt a steate mew ting t)f tun; of titest'tjrgattizat nuns Itsscnd>les a state Counselors" meeting it raises the ques— titnI--3'att* Ctnlnsetlitoi St‘t\'lth§ hr in;; [\‘ai.iZkki with Counseling dolla1sf"67 {Mowzlopwuwtt of (hihlance St» TlCtS in Arkansas 'Fux public SClmnuls in Arkansas. ht Common uw13.t‘u» public schtnlls exlstwdtezx-, haul prthidtul a liap‘xa/aixl typt‘ of shivi:uwnent e\\ll befrnxt the dent lopment td‘ organithlgylidance stquiCes, Such 21 pro— ctwhlre atttaupted it) phU3dAh‘ assistaance tattMHDils in tFx* tace id: inade— quate facilities and untrained personnel. This hit-or—miss approac? did not satisfy those in the state who Were interested in dereloping an effective guidance ser iCe for the pupils of the seConda y schools. 'Pxe t irst atttunpt eat art orngIiztwl prtsgrant ot giuithanct-tcas 'nadt in the pulbic sc ools in Fort Smith, Arkansas, in 1933. llme: Vook. r—. 0/ "Itt Iflerntr tltrl}*," l:t)UllSL'lillfjHl ( Phat . lGJStl) . t). l . -5u- 17c $vHiUF high scruul p inCipal, lad 'Ctuznvd trum a mrvtina wt t‘v Knxtn Cyntral Association of Srcundary SC uuls and Hillcgvs Lvld in t) icanzu, talc re liU t.ad ?_varxi a g;rt%lt th~al alxiut \iU‘X‘ixfl)ilu; atiidzntCC serVin in tnC sCCundary schouls_ llmcr Cnuk apprnac?cd nnlpj ramp U. icitg; tixc idkifl in“ d\“CUiAJPlJlg ea glliJéfllCL‘ pztigrxmn in iht‘ siluitn‘ l.ig?; scluau] . lh)lp?1 Cevnp teas Ell t‘_at tinn' (”HpitJthi by' tni'l7tu‘t Satiti' Sc WJUi .4 Btuazd gas at) inst: uct(n' it) this svttinz'1.iv7t 5Cltfimi. U l,lmCz thank iNKJVidtwt fuinls ttn' tim3 pu:rn'astr of ihluk: (Hl SUiAthCC iCH‘ tiai pu:tM)sv in! estefl>lisfiing £3 pEQMKJSSiJHHEI lituiarp' Ctflfi)n5twl mi bLHJkS (N1 tiu- stflujvct of gguitknici? atnl ctulnsi-ling. tn»lpi:(7anw> spt41t nu>zi tliari a 3uxa: rcanliru; atnl sttid}'ing, the: p ‘iltunlp13I atnt kH gatiizat lull uf guidanCC programs beforv attvmpting to do muck in tfiv way of making an ) organized approacl to guidanCv.6b 13c first plan was tu chvlup thy prog am on tLC basis of crvry tcacixn‘ a Ctnntscltn . I‘m? stuthwtts at b cttwt tlw-ir C(HHlSvitH S atnl accinxling t1) Joltfli Canu), ”litis dial ntn gvt t?tv ‘pwb ihlnr." lit a lt'ttnr to th‘ atitftuz' g:* kn Utk‘, "l sLQDptxiu tnt: nuist‘ [ it‘HlWIVKl ffqul t3 is cftkirt is that such a plan is no gnud."69 1% llUHlbt‘F ()f gtlltlallCt’ t>ul iv tilts \utw‘c i up tliSCLLssitni of tht> itcun; p:1»sct1tvtl in tEiC tulllvt ins, tlf this pI‘qulur‘t- Dolph (lamp Had 1311.5 IO U) ax: 68 . Camp tu Harrnd, lnC. Cit 691bid. —C=f)- Somv of thy tvacbyrs diJ an CxCCllth .pfl) in tTC act i it} . StWK' (d: t twn gath a xxw'y Ctn'sozi' trtiat— mvnt of tncsy bullvtins and dCYUivd 13v guidanCv pyw'iotl to tltv ttgacf.inc (at tin: Sinujcct at lzatut./Q A11 an itmitat iott pixwgt ant les tn gin] it] t3tC tiitttl; g» ath; \qiti. if c :50C ial. SCIitfllCt‘ tiracflitw' (:atw‘yilta ()H tht- nun k. lliv i atnlbtwik, (Wlthx'lUIliilA'S in Ftn t Smitli SCnitw lligb Fcfiwwol, luscamc tin» basiC gytidv fcn‘ this twvrk. Dtlrillg tbt~ umar 5x3at's, lQLtE—LtS, tbt« gtiidzntCt- p31>gtzwn \(8i3 dila— Continucd but was rrorganirvd in 19us. In 5anuary, 1941,2alpb *. Jonvs,principal of Fort Smith Hic‘ School, was appointvd State Commissioncr of Education. Ralph foncs had Seen the guidanCC program in action at Fort Smith and was anxious it) estzflDlisli ngAhiHCt‘ set“cictns at tn“ :statt~ lvxm l. (Ht Stfi)tewflusr l, 1941, Commissioncr Ralph ”onvs Cmploycd Dolph Camp as SUPCVYiiuY of \cheatitntal. kthJCai.iHIl ftn‘ NXUX kkvrkt r; .71 thiliflt t awn) spnxnt fvtt montt 5 Hi Pris Position bvfurv it was abolis Cd on Lune 30, 1942. lb t «41 Crittgr‘Ctl ut)()n, t3122 tttit it-s L)f S iélil‘ :Sitthtwci.stx:‘ ot~ ttc:Cttpzat i()Ila l Ittt (H W181 lt\tt and (nthlancc Stu :iCCs. 'Pfe Pviixui of timv ih‘lWCth-HJ1y l, 19#2,and thbfllal'V l, 191:6, “was :ipt>nt b}‘ tliv Stzatte Sttpt'ru‘istyr in dk‘vk’iKQDiiUL tx~atli— nvss for tnC statv guidance program. Muck timv was Spvnt with t’o statv vocational staff as tnty wCrC the ones wno would suppo t tfv attitlattCté [3;tigt‘a'n tcit h HM)Hif) aria 'nt)real be3Cli Cinntseltn‘s. Two other deVelopments at the state leVel rad far—reaching effects upon the development of the guidance program in Arkansas. I’mese were the establishment of requirements which a Righ scbool should bare to me« t it} cn'd(‘5 1C) peart lCl.PEiit‘ itt tine rt intbtn SKHNClll prtgcz‘aqt attd t“t‘ establiskment of Certification requirements for coun5elozs. -v /21hl.‘\l. " ADPYTH'HI Hi“ Local t‘fCl‘HUlS lttl' tulidzn1Ct- Prtygttmns Betoze a local school Could be appro ed by tie State Uepa"tment rd lhlucatitut to pazt iCiPalK‘ in ftwkgral ennl state ttnnls («u t A‘ supptnt t)t a iguidzutce [)rogrzmn a tnrnber‘tlt ai431iC£ltitut {turns rent lLllN: ctwnplettul. tlne of these torms was “Plan of Proposed Program of CuidanCe and Conn- 73 seling, 1960-61." The superintendent of tne school making IFe 8; pl ic;atitn1 Rail tt) ltwsptutd it) a Ituufl)e: ot‘ ittjns inriicggtitlgtllv thgfk.v 1U \dtich ‘4‘ was \eillilu; to stugport ea guitkntce Egroczzrn in E is sc «nil. 'lfie :3t:3tt> l)i_rt'C? CH‘ ()f (lulldéiHCEV arid lt-st iltg‘ arid lilt’ :3teatt‘ «ftnnntisss itutei‘ ()f I Llucation made final approval or disapp oral of t“e application. A :Sectutd fk\rm, "Ctulnst~lot‘tjontt act , C(HIHFL’ltH Qtualit icat iotn4, -. t .r t . _ . 74 l5pe tfl. Prograntttx‘CluidaIKx: Serrich 19 — l9 , was alsc>t:XCcuted btkak“ the augzeewndit to sinugo t a gylblanct'txtlgraut ht an; pudvlic sc lull “85 approved by rue state olticial lbis form was written as a tozmal 7/. Contract between the State ot Arkansas and the local SCuunl district. It also Contained an agreement to be signed by tie local sc ool dir— ect(lrs atul tin. Ctuntseltx . A gx)rtitul of t' is pzn t of tile ctuttract statt -: /3Arkansas State Department of tducation, GuidanCe and ltfliH; Servict, "Plan of Proposed Plogzam of GuidanCe and Counseling, 1900—61,“ t. Kill 16 luck) . /u ,ifluithntCe zn1d lt-stitn; Stww ices, "Ctnntsel Cluttract , Ctuntseltn'tgual.iticzn ions, 'lype td‘ P:tu; an] tor't;uitkntCe ‘rvices, l9 l9 ,” aLittle Rock . » J . 'l) ,- _bs_ Pa‘ty ot the lirst part by a malozity ot the tlirectt) s {Dresellt at a legialltw41eltltneet‘hlc tut . l9 . agrem-ttlxmpltot pa t}' ot tne second pazt Z: counselol intne abore— nauuul scntnll distt ict tklr a ttatn of (must agree with A—t2) o1 b-KC) abo.el calen— dat'rnonths tu§;intthtc . l9 , pa} in; for said ser iCes the sum ot 8 ET; montbl Part}* of tbt sectunl part agtew s it) Ctmu)ly will: all laws prescribing ris duties as a Counselor arnl all. reastnusble :tlles atul :egullatixnl p scribed by the party of the first warts;3 eln t)rdtw‘ ftu‘ tlua ltK3al sclnlol tlist: ict ti» be: TK?DHbLU‘Se(1 fot' :“e nuyne§'taxpedtdttl tut tlu) gtiidentcC in og:zvn ea reqttisitiiott bail lLl bL‘ suEMtitttwl to tne Arkansas State aoard of Education reqUesting sucr reimburseuent arul accn)utn_in§; ftu' tutuls t-xptwtdtwl ill belwalt ()f tbe* gllldENlCt‘ p21 g arm. ’tht: ftutn llSLml byr lbx’ ltuzal scln)ol. bluird to : eqtnsst rtaimtulrsewnettt, tlt‘k%3tt§éi£ S léllt? 1%eia: kl ()f EtlthEat itln , lit‘llnl)Ul St‘dlvlll llewltli.s it itln ft): );_l‘, 'litle ‘Q—A, (dUltleCk’ atnl'Test.ing, <=31tj33, 1685 to tut sulnnitttul sttni—alutuzrlly and enumerated the areas in guidance and testing in which tie money was sptdtt. ’N is :stateunent,t¢as ssigntwl by' the' seCttltary'tlt tftz lOCéll scludol board and reCommended by the Director of GuidanCe and ”esting Services and t be Sta te Commis s ionet of liducat ion. The signing of tie aboVe mentioned to ms by tYe local sCEool fl tdt‘icialj; and tlte Ctnntseltn' math» bitnling tlte thlties entd 1}“5Pkflh5lhld,lllrr of t acl if .stat e atul ftuletzal finnls um?:e ttl b\ ustui ftv‘ tx-imtulrstau-n‘. 731blLl. ‘ “'vu Certification A seminar was Held at the Kni e sity of Arkansas in August. 1946, to Consider the qUestion of Certification requirements tin Counselors. lepresentatixes from the Tnirersity of Atkansas Hender~ son State Teachers College, Arkansas State Teachers College, scrool athninigstrattirs atul Cotntseltu s patt icipattxl it.tbe staminary 13th td* tlee sentinal‘ rectnwnetuh d titat 23 C(HMlSvlCX', in tlrdew til :ece-ivt PftYCi5lJ)anl Cid titiicatt , uulst Etapw inet' Ctd"taldl reqtlireuudtts: 1. Two years of teaching experienCe. 2, Utu- yt%ar (1f uulrk (EXFM‘Elt11CB (ytnen‘ ttunt titac‘tincfl 3. :\ tDaCfi'etl<>r' s dk‘gl FL: xvi tn a ntittinndqt (1f s ix stdntwstt-z lJ)UIY§ td‘ gtlidENICt‘ pltlgztnn wutrk. lhnr a C(nntselen"s thw ificate» tke sudninan‘ rectmnudtded t the requirements be: 1, lwo years teaching experienCe 2. (tut? ywaat‘ tctu k t xt)er‘itdtce~ otltet‘ t ;atl tt-acd‘ittg members r") .1181 3. :\ bachelcu"s degrtw’tvitb a nfltthnum of fitttxdt semester hCHirs id] gUltlaHC£‘ p:wu;raqttuntk. 59 'll:e% (ItthKn i t 1(3k’ f Ll! t Bit 3‘ t‘t-c:e>ntnte-tttle>tl t ltéli 1.311’ t t till i: (’\l rik‘dlk‘i t \‘1‘ ltotlrs Cenlld be> St‘ltC3tutl ft on] awning. tbt> fillltudingg crulrse-s: 1. Principles and Practices of the Guidance Program 2. Pupil. Analysis, 3. Occupational and Yducational lntormation 6 e e . , s .. H . 1 lit 1 t)lt ( ,éatttl) , l-.\';i l [16) t 1_<)tt (1 t 1' \‘tl t‘ r :3 l l 1’ :3 tttl t~ t a) t \’ :\ lekl k‘tl 'e-tl Programs in the Public Sc ools of Arkansas (unpublished doctora Std'tatitut, SyraCan*fdtiwersit;‘, 1949), g). 23. I I Plug: am 1+. 'l't—1c'ziniqtn-s ot‘ CHUHévlillB Hrganizat ion and Administration ot thy -*;uitlanc~: Although the counsvlo: 's cwtit icate was not math: a rt-‘quirt‘ukent a t that ii'ltc, the provisional Ccz'titicatc would by valid only until 5 \‘1Dlt‘llht‘l' 1, 19149, aftt-r wiici‘; clatc all Counselors woultl bk‘ fi‘qllilt‘ti 1 x ) lia‘x't' tlic Counselor's Cvz‘til‘icatc. 17 (3:11 Foundation PY‘UJL‘C! tiln‘ :‘Al‘faIlC‘t'Wlx‘ lli index" the aus‘piCcs of the liord Foundation for C) f I'K‘aCilUT‘ llducatiun, a Ctt'lt'llillvc on counsvlor vducation mt-t in ift' 4’\ t‘kansas lilucatiion Building, little Rock, Arkansas, funv it, 3. and 6, 1 933, fox. the. pu~posc ot‘ tlck‘t-loping more alluquatc- training rt'quir‘cmcnts f gr counselors. Milton F. Hahn, 'wlni) was at that time than of Studunts, *~‘tli'~ycrsity of California, sun-ml as visiting consultant. (fttitrs part— lC ipat ing in lth‘ mtret ing Were Hughlmwt t, Statv Director of Occupational I Ilformation and (.iUikialle’ St'l“.'iCK"SI Corliss Howard, Counsvlor at Pim= Conway: Charlcs (§. Morelxatl, Counsvlor 'l'raincr U} 1 [wet High SCiZk,)U1, a t Arkansas Pol}"teclvnic Collvgc; Leiioy Pmmington, CUUIISL-‘lur at iTl IJL>I‘ado High School; Minnie Lee Mayhan, Counsclur at _\orti.r Little J . ,, . . , l A l . I“)Ck High bcnool; and ifflt' Lee lt-rrvll, counselo" at Bl}'l"‘c‘x'illc' ” Lil‘s: School. In addition to Milton Hahn tilt‘ following consultants WUY‘t‘ . F. McKnight Counselor lraincr at Handcrson State lcacicrs l a p‘ ‘t‘ Sent: t”) (W “’K) ‘ ~ ‘ ‘ ‘ ’~ ‘ 1 v- ' ‘ 1 lk‘gtf: Glenn colr, Counselor lramcr' at tnc Ini‘ccrsity of Arkansas: \ 77 1mm, 1,. 26. _71_ I)¢)lph Camp, Prt-sidcnt ot Suilliti‘tll State Gollvgv: tn lana lienslty, l) ift'CiOl of ("iuidancc at Ll-tllv Hock High School: l’ranCt-s Amis, Coun— 5 Li) lor at Crosst-tt High School: Dalton Hgndt-g son, Counsclor at Sloan- I I "L’fitd: ix Acadt-my; Mrs. Archie. Adams, Counselor at Pinc jluft‘ tiiafi S (:hool: and Charles Clarkc of the Arkansas State Ht/partmt-nt of ljducation. Tilt“ :ccomuwmtat ions of the committme addcd x'vry little to tic a "lready established ruquircmcnts for the training of Counstrlt‘):‘s. In in ot‘r-u“ amas, a U) 1 inc with the proposals for training; of cducator f- if‘tl‘; yL-ar of intvznship was rcco'wnt-ndcd for ctntnse-lors. Also, addi— t' ional basic courses to ttoadcn thc gym-ital cducational background may flat e. Publications A number of publicat ions Wet‘t} issuvd flk"ll thou (‘lffict‘ ot‘ t': t- 5 t att- Supcr'~.'i5or during :‘nc period from 1942—1943. the object ivy ’- '11s xst of these publications was to inform students, teachers and ad— “! ittistrators with :‘t-gard to the purposi- of tlw guidanCc pfog'a'tt, b Pecific attention was dirt-ctvd toward the llk‘t’tifi of students in Voca- t? luna‘: education CUUI'SK’S such as agricultural and ilU'lltJllakillL‘. Soxtv of 1 . . . . t ‘1‘: earliest hullvtins z‘clrascd were tht' following: 1. A SiXtEfit‘Il Point Counsvling Program for Vocational Ag: iculturr: 'l‘t-achzilrs 2. A ‘lcn Point ‘Lx’artimc Program of '.'ocational Guidanct' for Arkansas Schools \ 78 I) “Report of (IuidanCc Commit has for t‘m l‘ord l‘onndat ion tx- > K; ‘ o . u ., W . — \ ‘ 1mcnt in tducat ion, (munsclgzy am tbvptt-mlx-r', 19331, p. it. 3. lirt'c mat c: ial 4, CfllidéfllCt' f(H‘ zinys l‘acitn; Sk‘vai i\t? Svf"Tle' idVHthialt'iy U! Sixl}’lIUCcIH :aooks tn1(JCCtnuations b. lhc Arkansas SrYVlCU ot Uccupational intotmation and GuidanCc 7. Guidance for 1943 Graduates and 0thur School LVHVV s 5, Ethicatitnial l xptn‘ictuxx Stuwnaz5*é3chnxl 9. Counseling Victory Farm \oluntcers lhe nine publications listcd HbUYt Wore released in mimcogzapicd 35: (:>:tn: tau) otltet‘ bLlllt’llJlé, A 'Fetttat iv¢' Stzatenufint (W: a IDrLugraut of th— gsgigigational lntormation and Guidancc for Arkansas Schools and the task _f::3:;_thc ltigh Scrmnil CUUHSUlLM' hi the Matte» ()f AssistiJn; vaU'lkwlii‘l‘Va ‘L\Js:*r‘c tt‘ltéflStfld in pr itttetl flirtn. The bullx-tin A ltwneatiVV Statunnwtt of a Ihxggrant(Afttccupatitnuil ‘£_£l$:3nnation and Guidach for Arkansas School; was rclcasvd in 1944 ‘3 :5 (5.1.(§.S. §§o. l. lln: pllfifBCL‘ to Iltu lulllvllJt Ckflliallhwi stmn' dttilti— t— ii_cnts (A? gtlidENth \Jllit t'lalhfiléllitHlS tn)ott iht’ Atlint. ot‘ Vitwq. ;¢\.f? ttw' qtu)ting tan dcfittititnttit glekNlCV sis foutnl in fihtu-s' lh‘inci4)lcs _. /9 4§1£1i1_lccnniQch of Vocational Cuidancv, thy State Snpvzviso: went on to t“(Plain that llzxint t h\3 atvtrxt’ klt‘i ittit itnt it (:atl i)c St‘rll ti.a t a P’ t)g7 aim of ‘Ioczttitntal. gllhlEHle‘ is ttot “tliscit>litn-," it is [tot a llt'a ltli t’tk)g>Y£}Wl, allkl it ‘is tttxt clta reac tt=t vtlttceit itnt. \ 7Q , -‘ George I. Mye:s, Principlvs and lichniqucs of \ocational ~ I -~E§ i~daHCV, (Wuwv Yntk: ikfiiraw—Hill, 1941}. .1. horn-us fl ot uducation though it is an it is not thy wholv bnp)ztant part of cduca— intcgral part and a very l lOll . b0 llic (3 .l ." S. Liul lt‘lldl ‘(ti. 1 Ctittsi_st ctl (if s.ix t§'-tk>tlr orig: s C132'- \l '- ltuli idual ‘hthntcni . Tnformatixni about or :"ing tln: a was td‘thuntscling, ( 3 (:zcupations and Training Opportunities, Placcmynt and Follow—up. ob :5x‘t‘1alvsis of CounSclors. Stvos in lm rowino a Program of Occupational . . l (T . , l .L t 1f1)rnuttitn1 atnl (H1idéfltCt‘ atnt Stnircn 5 (if \Hatez'ial tioz'tfiazt lmt‘ Stuntsrl inc. -157 to material in this Pullvtin is of such a nature that, for the g:cattw of htftnfinatitnt f(H' cotntscltv s ttula}. lgxart, it remains a valuable SOUYCB lhe O.I.C.S. Hullctin No, ll, lhc lask of thy High School Coun— fi‘ ltn“ hi the Matter of Assisting Rotu:nrd thvzans. was releasvd th;ougr \ x, . H. t lug State Dupartmvnt of Education in 1945. The introduction to thy ;'L111t4 in iuwints (Hit a two—tkdld teisk «if lhc‘illgil iChtNll cluntsvltn’ in <3 «caling with the returning veterans of World ix'ar Il: lth" tasks of (*ferral ennttsf counseling. lhe lHJllvtlH contains an analysis it t: 11.0 ‘hub (if lht‘ C(HJHSQ‘lOt‘ itt dtwalilig toitli z1>tu111itug \1‘l(”'alh§ an-1 alsn) 1 i.sts refcrral agencies. A statcmcnt that is CUHlFat} to thv philosophy ()f? guidance as stated in earlier material raiscs the quvstion as to ‘c511}’ it was insctttwl at all. lluJ stateuuiit follows: In tliis tnilltd in 'diigtt schutl C(ninst»loz"lias t k) t ll\f sat atf~ Ult'Hli)t‘l' s tit' t ilt' l1 itilt rcfvrcnce assist school whose responsibility it is to \ 80 . l' {\rkanszns State»llcPartnndtt of lktucatitnt,IOLVLs14ni of \kwufl ional _;V1\4cation, Occupational lntormation and Gridancc So vices Tintatixc :3 . - - . . ,_. . ~::3;;§itenubnt ()f ea Pztugrant of l‘CCLHNllltHlal lllfntnulll(fll and (.uithntcy ttxr Lgi;3§ansas Schools, h.l.U,S, No, 1 (little Rock. Arkansas, 1944l, -7q_ Veterans. He may be superintendent Counselor aCCording to“1 the h igl: school . i ' t‘L'lltt'ItL‘d principal, teachet, or the sin: and o-gaanat ion of 1th printed bulletins, licensed (tccupat ions and lfducat ional period from 1946 to 1933. L") pportunities, were published during the at rugttlas‘ inte'rtzils it) ketq> triln lH)-l(hul8i i‘. ’laile btlllttills are t‘ek'iSetl 'Hte :statta neqult-tttw , liH? Crninse41gzern, teas isstn d tKJr tt1e t irst ' :imw in March, 1946. In this first issUe of the state newsletter. the :ES 't;8ttJ Sin)ez*cistir Ehfikvtl lhk‘ CtHJHSi‘ltH'S it) sugggest a Itanu* ft)? tlte Lfllb— i1~ ication. the April. 1946 issUe of the Counselg am carried an announCe- '11«341t of tin; Charon: in tin» nanu «if tht-tuwusletttn‘ fran the «n iginal tun , _:::;£39113€1JWQ!YPH,ltI C(ntnst-lgztrn, 'lhc IMWJ thyme teas :§UQ§$'Sltwl by r\liCt' 52 H. . . the kudntfielgfalttflfllllsnes ‘77 l 3 I‘tn)ks, (tuntse-lot' at Zflaltxettt tligi1 Sclnnol, tat‘e , the 11 ?‘€3§mwrts (5f CLn tent lltaCl ices EPMJHS tlte cinntseltn s lttUN) l eatest ftct and inexpensive information about occupations and educational C>1Z>portunities, a list of the most r'eCent books dealing with the guids <4 flee program and a'a: ious special articles. Much ot~ tire matc: ial printed 3» I]. tlte (:oLntselggrant is \Qtit text b5' CliHSk’l H's itt lhk‘ ptd31i(3 scfniol,s. ’Hie ::> t? sate Stiperrx'is<)t atnl lhtglt lAle‘ll , wdto succewuied ltbn, C(HtllHEU}ll§'lJTged C3<>Llnselors to send in material. Hugh LUYyll in making an appeal for 61 l :(3 L - 1X11 all. ctun1selttgs. It \485 thttucltt tliat it alight" CLHlCalll, ann>ng tithiu thittgs, p:xt— mising practices of the various schools of the statv, nyws items oi intvrvst, matctials uscful it) Ctunlscltn s, atul a l ist (fl? EUCLWll hrudut di’ ud_ll lk‘all hteax'i1}' tut ttxc counselors in the fivld for matvrials for sub- sequent iSSUc5.83 ' II] thi: scct ion "chfis fILMI the tétate‘ Stnx:rvist)rs" in tlnx.Apr‘il, 1930 issue of Occupations mention is madv of a featurc written by ltds liricfldiousi‘, uln) helil the :M)Slllxfll of r\dmlJll§lt£3tl\\: Ass:istau1t ti) thy State SupurvisOt, The feature was titled "Uuide--lhc bookish blood— htnind." Fh‘s. i33iCth)U$(' pothtcd tJut‘ art icli s it: CLU Tent litthratiu c and made shrewd sucgcstions regarding their usy. For vxamilv, aftoz FCCKWWUVIMlilfig a tnmnbex‘t)f att iClEGS to tlu: Ctuntsrlcn , "Lutidc"ltas tltis to say: ”If you'll code them and put them in you! iilcs as soon a~ - v g 0' I, yoil clit) tnrnu thc}’ woti t all so «Lia-Liarctl. b4 8309‘ ‘x ’ 00 \ ‘ 1 F‘ l rom tln: buptq“ iso , tauntsvlgtévn (harcfli, 19323, t . 3. \cws from thv :tatc bupc:¥isors. Occupations, \\\ll1 ‘Apfll. 1950), Pp.47l-472. -76- Perhaps one of thc ti st Arkansas high school publications dir~ ccttwl l\W€Hh(l lht‘ glelHHCt‘ prtuiranttcas llpthVlLHllllt‘S ill Ftn t Sniith Ststtit»z‘ llitglt ESclItxtl . lltiss suta ll l;81)i‘F-b(WLlHLl btstd< unis [)I'llllt’d lty tlit high school press in 1940. 'he aim of 1hr publication was to pro idv at] out llHt‘ fcn‘ gt1)up gguiilancx‘ acm.ivit ics in tlic Itintti granny st(.ial SClkHth (:lassues. Th: f0!£WJUlEl, MW ittcnt by {Joliflt Cann3, CLHlCthle tqith tin: follcnving stzatemcnt t()tlie SilhhdltS: ...l‘inall}t, stud}t this lnmak itttvrdct‘ttd btctmu’ familiar with the school's plan for helping you make the tight choich and adjustments tlirougtugut ytun‘ higlt SChtMll caritm ‘53 'lhis book Containcd Illllt“t_\"-lllt‘£iv traces of information rcgardinfl school spirit, studies, academic department regulations and guidanCe. llttf ntat.ct ieal nuts dezs igJIV(l ti) bt‘ Listul gas tlte- ()Ul littc f(t: a Utlll (if tt-'iractitn:s arnl actixrities \diicli setun tit Vieltl the greatest results are: 1. Working with individual schools and 2. working with the school administrators attd itttli.‘itluttlss (>1 a C()UIli)1 kl“ all ill- ServiCe teacher training workshop 'oasis.50 The. Annual llt‘pol‘l for 1944—16 listed five items and the impor— tant developments for that yea:. I. Follow—up of already functioning prog:ams 2. ifftw‘ti'w- CUFWW‘ratltnl witli all ()thf‘ vocational services 3. Continued emphasis on in—serviCe training 1+. llie g: acluzal d€9EXIlk3FNUtlll ()f tlie> tjrttgr'atn a. lk:acfl1er‘ C()llk;g(35 ttakthg‘ a §;Y€Flttt‘ iuazt in the p:ogramb/ :\ SLH‘;cy (sf tlt- gniidzntcc t)tact,icez iii the put>lic ltigtt schtnuls U; of tlu: state: re ealtwl that g;uidaruux act.ivities (if simué type-thzre ih‘in; catried on in #04 of the 500 public high schools in the state, An occupational survey for Iegroes was carried on by the State Super isor, the Superintendent of the Nalvern Public Schools and the principal tfif tlte Tiegng) scflicnnl it) 3hal\t‘:ttl llie sitrxta§' reesiilt s teezrc it) b1) tisiul to determine the location of the Negro school building and the re- vision if (nulrses of study tttuwwd 'Hna needs of the Yegtt)}unmli in the communtity. b . . . a . .t . "Annual Descriptive Report tot \ocational Lducation——1942~Q3.“ 10C. Cit . 87Arkansas State Dcpartment of Education, Division of Vocational t dticeatitin, («:CLH at icntal_ lttfttrntat iott arnj ClUlAlHllCt‘ Si rx lCi , "Attnttal Descripti e Report for Vocational Lducation~-l9uu-h5,” (Little Rock, Arkansas: State Department of tducation, 1943). _75- ill atlttit it)” it) tlte tk'gllléif sttpt«t”ci.stwr}' \'i:si ts t:s. It was not possible to giant all of the requests for qualified CUJH?\lHISI ctuttstrqtledtt 13', fSL)HR’ (3f tlte atxaai.lat)l<2 ttlntls unsrx' ”(ti List-d . ()n'lt' t kxlttt§'— eiggltt 5(3ht)()15 (nietiat,eti t'e Lntvur semi I)hk)gl atns tlut'ittg tltis pu':‘ittd. 'tf Htis group ttwntty-Sexmnttmgre Whitt? schools _., one a .‘iegro school: eight were full—time programs, two were two-thirds time programs - , . . A - _ ._ s 88 and eighteen were one—half time pzograms. lhc Annual Report for the fiscal year 1946—47 stated that the new Statc3Itht provided fin'i:iVe percent of fewhwzil funds and fikl percewu;tnf Statea‘Vocatixnual funds it) be dextntwi to tlna guidatmxe pro- gg‘ant. l)u1‘ing, tltis yezat the» ntnnhtq‘ tn‘ xx iHHJut sett gllldéHlCt‘ pxxwgrevns incrwgasewi ftnmn tvnwtty—tkight in tln~ pxthituts yxsar it) ftn‘ty-ttine t1): the year ending 1946—47. 58 n «~ - - - - ~ ~ - ;\rkatunas biait‘llvpatlnkdll of lntucation, l)ixis1tnttst \ocatitmual lhlucatitnt,ttcculmn.h1nal Inftutnation atU tfiuidaHCt-E& r iCes. ' \nnual Dcscripti e Repozt toz Vocational tducation—-l943—ho,“ tiittle Rock. Arkansas: State Department of Lducation, 1946). -79- A specialist in occupational and educational intormation, lJliS in icklnutse, \fllfi addiwl to tln» state staff gas Aththtisttzatizt :\ssis- teattt . t). ll. ltclitti gill tqeas (’Qlk‘itlyWFki Eli llt‘Htltft'Stltl fit a iL‘ ’ltreacttt»: s £2t>l it‘gt' on a half—time basis as Counselor trainer. fir. Mckniaht taught courses in guidance and counseling on the campus and assisted the State Supez— visin‘ in Visitiing sctnn)ls with.gylidance*tutngrams. llte 191t7—148 zintnlal Rt’pk)bt retiottletl art i1u3teeaste itt ttte ttuwu3e: ot reimbursed guidance ptograms. lhe number of programs in the public sc:hiyrrls IthE?i\‘iltg, ft‘dt real attd st a te f utttls RWES f if t§'—ttitte . lltet‘e hk“t’ twenty—eight half-time counselors employed, one two—thirds time and thirty full—time programs. humerous arprearances were made by the :§tate Sinx:rvistn‘ beftnts schtn»l and cinmnunit5'ggroups. In achtition It) Hu- half—time Counselor trainiq‘ennployed the previous yeaz, a sectuut halt-time counselor trainer was employed at Arkansas Polytechnic (1)11ege, Equtembed‘ l, l9h8. A [number tsf nnwutitugs kkfltl heltl thrqughxutt tlué stent: dtn inc ttte 38Fi«d of the 1948-99 Annual Report. Some of these meetings wete of thee hWHl< ctntfetewtce type and «nthet 5 MR re \Jitlt the: ctuntseltn s atut att- ministrators in the public high schools with guidanCe programs. the meetings with those {esponsible for guidance services in the high schools were de Intmt to a study it tlnatjtiteria tr» 1 valuating td’tfiuidance Pnugz‘ams in Secondary Schools with the idea of each school using; the crittq‘ia irteflsaluatiJu; its (Mdn prtuirams. In ~50- Eflhjitilfll tt) the tico ctnttscltn" li8iJH‘t3 {Jrcwitnlsly thllltduwl, a titiztl ccnutscltn‘ ttéainen‘ uvcs cnu>loinwl at tht< Agfl‘iCLlltUliil, Fknchéutical and Normal (3C)llifg£’ zit Pixie dl ut’f tc) \dkH k tail h. tltc Stag! o ct>uttstrltn‘s. lhc numbe: of reimbursed guidancC prtgrams increased during ; ‘ this period from fifty—nine in 19u7—45 to sixty—six prog3ams. lhcrc Welt? tin‘ty—tlirEte fulfil—tihu; ctuntscltn‘s atnl tundtty—tltrcc ltalt-timu counselors. The 1949-30 Annual Report began with a section, “Gvnctal Con- ditions Affecting the: Program," which in part stated: lhe economic and social trcnds in Arkansas are changing. lhc state is cmczging from onc pre— dcnuthattterlyt a;;r.iCLJlt Ul ail tt> (tHQE t>ecn>ntingi r‘atuicll§* itthstrialirewl, 'lhc tttdklldill, witlu>ut doubt, affect thc youth of the state, keeping more of tltcwn itt tlte stzatte fTot' tlieJiz' Céirt’tl S, arid b: ingiittg more int()th3 state. 'flte progranacfi'(nutsolidatitm of school districts has lxwflt going forward. lhc number of school districts has been brought to a new low for Arkansas. lhe raising of asscss— mcwrts atul incrtgasttl mi] lags ltas inadt:tnorc thinds available to local districts. A high school is now available to crery high—school—agc child in Arkansas--a factor which cannot help but affhact tltc gttidatune prxu;:ant, Citilting>lUOF€ ()f a dcwnattd. f()r gtlidéHlCt‘ s(:rt'ichs. For the 1949-30 school ycaz, it was nuCcssary to reduce the amount of reimbursement to local school «list: icts. FLHKHV[1}’ the tlistr'ictss wezt: re~hnbtn sod on the basis of either 33} of the salary of the ccnntsclcn or tln: amtuntt (u‘ lhtf"fUrUHlla”—-ddthh— (Weir was smaller. For the: year. 19149-30, thc amount of reimburscmcnt was zchCcd to cithcr 30» of the Ctnntscltw"s swalarx tar Stt of the "iottnul€Y'--tdtic?r— ere: was smallv’.” BQthkentsass Steate lhgpart'ncnt‘ of l lUCélllLHl,Dlfi'iSitHl of \k>cat iotuil lxiucaaticnt, tu2cupxatiintal lntwszuuatitnt atnl (HJlthiHCt’ Std”fiCt‘9, "Atutual Descriptive Report——19u9—30,” Suction VI (littlv Lock, Arkansas: State Urpartment of lducation, l9303, p. l. -51- ‘Htc f irst ot \dtat lias 17vc«mu2 tln* arntual satatt‘ CtHJHSt’iUl' s tncct.ing \vas l1eltl ea' 1y iittlcttnhe: , l§fl+9, Tht‘ germ zal trnbic fi>r t?tis .9 tnect:ing \685 "th4 ti) Gtt PLMJ1iIElt3’ ftH‘ \k>ur‘(}uithanCt- sztgzann. llte Neglo counselors met in Little Rock on October 21, 1949, fo; thc first of their annual state meetings. H. G, Barnett, Counselor trainer at Ute Angxnlltu:a1, >Exfluntical gun] Normal.(ldllege 5H Pine Blifil’, CondUCtiwl tliis Inve)titqg. 'fhe gctuaral thtwne ()f tlic thetatitn; “was "PI(N>lenns of tht Counselo: in High School." lhc status of counselors in the public schools for this peziod was fcnt3-six full-time counseltn ;, twwlve half—tinneIDrograms and fire dtualgo tunngrams, rnaRiJug a trital pt? sixtyuditrce 1)rogzzmns. Some personnel changes occurred in the hffice of the State Supervisor of OCCUpational Information and Guidance Se vices at the close:()f the: 1949—5“) fiscal }m%3r. thihflt Campg \uho lgul bvcn tluine»d \Jilll eéitltct lf aItJ I, H.“‘. , (>r ll.l‘. Plklgfl'aflté. _52_ the 1930-31 Annual Descriptive chort presentvd a summa:y of tlic fMlCiJl-ECHlHKHHiC (ntnrlititnts en frt2tirn; gllid&H1C(7 ser\'ice : arui §Ifitvd I Hiat an additional Counselor traiJuw‘twluld be piand at Southern Sléflt‘ (:01]&?g8 turgiruting .luly’ 1, ‘1931 . (h«>xgtrt4. llazwtnd, Gruntscltx at Dtxhltert High School, assumed the position of Counsvlor Trainer at Southrzn State College. With the addition of this couusrlor t ainrc thczv were now four counsvlor trainers located in three white Collpgcs and the Negro collvgu at Pine Bluff. By the and of June, 1951. thtre KVft fifty-one fiill-timc crnntsclots arul sixtutWI part-d hue counstdtn s in the state . (lf tlic ltllal, of ssixt}n—svx1wt crnu1sclt):s ttco \flgre riot :einfinirstml with federal funds. The Annual Fescriptivc Report for 1931-52 listed the following aCCkflDpllfifllmelHi§ ftu that' year : . .apyntnxinuatel} fit teen] ptW‘CVIH of the liiglt sclnwol units in Arkansas operated guidance programs on a reimbursed basis. The total number was sixty, Fo:ty~ nine of these wcre in white schools and ale en in \egro schools. lhirty-sameItfi‘ Hue white programs were full—timr, ten were half—timt,and two wcrv dual. Nitw of the Negro prrgxams wt-re full—timt- and two were half-timt. The schools with guidanCv programs serve approximately twenty-s9 en percent of the total («Utillmcnt th Hie statt-. The Itumbcx‘tdf pzo- grams by six in Comparistm to 1930-51, due to Hit- reduction in school funds and a lack of qualified counselors,91 91Arkansas State Depaltment of Education, Division of Vocational Education, Hccupational lnformation and Guidance SezviCrs, “Annual Descn‘iptixm>ltvptv t——l€93l«52," SECllJHl VI (J ittlc lUJCkI Statt'llrpay't_ ment of Education, 1952), l- l. "53- Duiing the 1951—32 fiscal year, a pro; am oi intensi e exalua- tion td’ Hie guithntce pita;zann; in the ixnvlic sclnuyls Willl guid nun: pro— grammat§as tmxgun. lln: State: Supen“xistn and ltw) ceufltStlrn‘ traitntrs visited the public schools and spent two days in the process ot the exwaltuatitnt, usiJig lhk‘ Cl‘llt‘hli} ftn‘ lTCaltlallth (iUiAhtnCK‘ P11);r1wns in Secondary Schools, Form it, plus a pupil qttestitjinnaire. t;le\*en programs \Jelki eosalJJate d «lut‘ing; tliis flJ‘St’ ywaas‘. .A tt)tal_ of’ f()rt3n-strretl {till—- time counseling programs were in operation during 1951—32; and thr:e were nineteen part—time programs, making a giand total of sixty-six guidanux: progzanms ht operatitnt. During 1932—53 the State Supervisor and counselor trainers Continued the program of evaluating the local school guidance programs: fourtkunt prognzhns Wete eyvaluateml schools. :Xlso, \ tvu) schtn»l'dist1ficts, EhirfreestKMXJ and thflight , shatmmltn1e CkHHlSKlLH -34- between them. Of the total of eighty-one counselo:s serving the guid- ance programs in public schools, sen-t'm'tty were reimbursed. The State:i%oard (itlljucaticnttvithdrevz:x:hnbursenmn1ts for counselor training on July 1, 1953. The circumstances under which such action was taken will be discussed more completely in Chapter IV, This action by the State Board denied the local schools the superxiso y set vices (Jf ttu: ccnutselcn‘ trzainers. tlowe\mn , tin: instiiwitions \diere counselor trainers were located on a half—time basis Continued to offer courses in guidance and counseling. For a short period aftet the action of the State Board in withdrawing support for the counselor training programs in colleges, the number of approved guidance programs in the state decreased. Ihe total dropped from seventy-three in 1954—55 to sixty-eight in 1955-56, and to sixty-nine in 1956—57, Howevez,the period 1957-58 started a trend Upward. there was a total of 106 approved programs in 1959—60. July 1, 1959, marked the organizational end of a close relation- ship between the Occupational Information and Guidance Services and the Vocational Division of the State Department of Education. On that date the Occupational Information and Guidance ServiCes was discontinued and a new Division of Guidance Services was created. The position of State Supervisot of Occupational Information and Guidance Services was abolished and a position of Director of Guidance Services was created. Summary Hie st<>ry of tin: guithaHCe Sew“JiCUS thzkrkatuwas has ihmdl a story of slow but Continuous growth. the question has been p esented many tifimus: Should tuit Hie program lupus been pushed_unnt9 rapidly in order to establish ptograms in more public schools) It has been ttu~ wtulf ()CCHJPEiliA)U}31 Ittkartnat;itnt attd GuidanCu Scrviccs was first established in the Arkansas State bipart— flkllt of tkhlcatitnt. llie ‘puszosezs ()f tliis ctuaptrn‘ atw: tt) ll£3C&‘ ihlf Otjgattizeatitntal development of the Occupational Information and GuidanCc Survices as a part of the State Departmcnt of Education: to describe the duties atnl Itssrxntsit)ilil ics (fif tlte EStatt‘ Stnrct”ui5tn atni C(HJHSQ'lOL‘ treainrw‘s and to prescnt a number of organizational plans of local guidanCu progrmas as duyclopcd in the Arkansas public schools, Concurrent wittt this [)PtStdltalitHl the purlitical,ennj cccnnnuic .htfltnltcrs lJpOH tFIc dcvelopmcnt oi organization and supervision will be prtsentul. Much of the material for this chapter is taken from the Annual Descripti‘~.'c Reports which were. rendered by the State: Supervimw to {ht Hate: [lizcct‘ov of Vocational1 Education at the c1056 of the fiscal yua‘ _55_ (31 g;e:tt lkfélt i_()tt «it' t t;t‘ §3t (if L Z‘t-g (3' t ”It'll t «wt‘ 1 tt11(:;tt itstt Tltt' tintct itntal UlfgalliVEillAtH ()f lht' A: kentszts iStettu thaat tun Ht of hdUCBilAHl, undcr‘tdtich tln- guidanCc 5(W‘CiCV5 tht‘tfiSlabiiSMkd. operatewltvith Vrr5'tiwc changes LHllil lhv rutnfun1i7ation td‘ thv Statt Department of Yducation in March, 193$ and again in April, 193%, In 1946 the State Dtpartment of tducation Consisted of eigit coordinatcd (liViSikfllS as fk>llowsz Adnrmtistxtition, t lHBHCt‘, lnstttictiint, leacin r l dtuzat itut atni th‘tit?iceatitnt, :Sutj)ltns Prxtptw ti , \thal itntal tdtnzat iutt, V . . _ . , . . . 92 , ,,. , . AngO Lducation and \ocational Hahabilitation. the bUldaHCU burriCc was organiZVd in tre Division of Vocational tducation as thy sixth sin» iCU «sf t.¢at dix'isitnt. Tilt 0 »~ “ganizational plan for the Statv Dgpartmvnt of rducation V \qas (fl angimi cftkgctix\;.fu15, '1937. z\i tltis tinu~ lht’ so; JiCué k)f itu‘ t‘ J cunntsclrn traitnsrs and tlx: Dist: ict Sinnw";isors fk)r Htmu» tctununics and Agtixnilturv were tiarninattxl, lvaving tlun statc withgnn tln' svrvich fcnflncrl}‘ petlflytnuwl by: thcst: petqilc. ’fltis tetfllhlatixul ltlhitd lk) rc- tlucea ttnz asasistzntcc tltat trad tweett gixxnt llical. sctutol lMJYStHHlVl in these: ficlths in tln: past. ’Htu Statt: hoard tufljducatixut appttfllwl changes: ht thr ingyntization of thy State Dtpartmcnt of Education which ovcame etfcctirc EarcE b, 19?fl+.93 ’Nte t4)sit ion ()f ttne guiilancL: set“ ice 5 ill ttc E?tatt-lh:part'nrnt Lu lhlUcatiUH MES [nit aftrctrwl to a arcat rodentt by this nuwx~,\chich ccntsistrw in a ggroat.ttcasnirc «u? chatnging t‘w: tilii‘S of tlie hcimls of Sec Appendix I, p. 190, She Appendix G, p, 200‘ ‘..’..\ ..l Ilv..‘a"ili:uv the varitnhstjbuisions ttw the tit has of assistahtt Commissitnnxrs con— :sist‘ing,t)f tlic «ii\'isitnts in 111st: uct iUlHjl SLH'YiCRXS, ticstwarclt and Statistics, Disbursements and Vocational SUrKiCtS, A nguty Com— missioner for Administtatch Services was establishcd to whom Wt'c asesigtusd the fUlHZti(HlS tit lh par tmcdrtal. Athnittist'zat‘itnt, lhizcliasthg, Su plus Commidity Distribution, Instructional Materials, School Plant atui Sclu)ol I.aur Again, on July 1, 1935 thu Organization of the State Detazt— mcnt of Lducation was changed. this changc was nccessitatcd by thv participation of the state in the federal National DefenSc [ducation program. Schn divisions, with a Director at the head, were establishcd: and two Assistant Commissionerse-onc for Vocational Serviccs and onc for instructional Sc:viccs-—wcrv Pland in charge of ihv two 56F1leS. Fcnf the ifirst"timet sincx- tht: cstzfl>lishuuw1t tlf tlua giiidarmmx sct‘fiCcs in 1946, (hibdancc SvtfilLH¥XJaS gitini a Lusitlxflt indcpvtuhttt of thy \fuxational IJivisi¢n1,\4ith a llizector td‘tfiuidanct-xwgplaciJu; thy finnnw‘ State Supervisor of Occupational Information and Guidance ServicCs. Hugh Lo att, who hcld the position as Suprrvisor of hccupational K ¢ Ittftnwnat iort anti CfllitkanK‘ Stw‘ iCt s IJritn ti) ihx‘ rcm‘aanization, Ctnliilfllvd as Director of Guidancv Services. The organizational chart for 1965 listed itflJ aruits of Sew“uicc ti) by tu-qfotnmwl by tln: GUiAkNlCt Stn‘rict lhese were GuidaHCc Programs and lusting Program?. guSea Appcndix r. 3. 20l. ~90- the educational i:o;zam in the state: is attrctvd to a dtgtct by tlux p ESSUIk s of tuglitic:;\d1ich éflt’ inhtwidtt in tlwr Slaik‘ systt r llit’twiglt :apq>twittttntwtt s it) llltf E3t£itt: rxcmartl (ll twiu<3at it)” tlzc gtrxtezttt)r cunt cont:x)l the editire kthCail(HH31 systttn of tlul statt-. Altlnjugf zlu: tcrm of office for a gorcrnor in Arkansas is two ytazs, iilvt‘t‘ is no 1 iuti t ll) tilt: titnnt)t-r L)f t c: HIS lltf tnzt§’ llttis , it‘ ea stink tilt)! sE~t)tiltl U J ’T F be alcctcd to th cc tc:ms or, as is prcscntly the cast, to firm turms, all mumbvzs of thc State Board of tlucation could by his appoiutvus. Supervision at the Statc la cl Dolph Camp was the first to fill the position of State Supt:— ‘Jiscn‘ of (chuipat iotual litttuznat'iott atul (hiidentCte 821“»lCt‘S EHld [tunaixtvd in tliat txnsit bun tuitil ghily l, ‘1930, adieu lie Ifrslglhsd tc) l8kt’ the posititnl as Prcsithutt of StkHlk*tH Stats tlwllcge at Fkuyuvlia, Arkansas. ltugh 1A) til , at tlum tiuur a C(HUlSvltV‘ at Stu zidatllligh Scfliool, stchtthsd Camp as the State Supervisor, In l9u6 Lois Hzickhousc joincd thy N staff as Administratch Assistant to Dolph Camp. Was. bthkhflUSP wa. ll) assigned the responsibility of developing occupational and educational information materials for distributiou to counselors in the public scluuolss and td‘ ptcfflirlng,lllk stzatc ruucslctttsr, tine Ctuutseliitam, idiich was scnt to each COUHSVlOI cach month. fhc Si8lt¥f§UPtFVl§(H‘ submitttwl annual 3«:ports it) the Dizccttu of thy State Vocational Division atthc end of each fiscal ycar dys— cribitmiltis activities and llfiilJugllutdeVeloLMBHlS thtlu: state guidach prt¥;“ant. lluese an1nual. tctni:ts tn canue a txnrt cd' thtr guru ral -91“ kk’ptlkl ()i tire S iéllK’ ‘Vt>c4at itlfléll l)idr is it)” it) tlxe S lPJEK‘ tjtVHW1isss‘itntt-r Vocational Division of the ‘,S. Utfice of qucation, during tlie ftu‘mat‘txe }%13I5 L)f tlu> gUlAHBHCK‘ pitugrant in :\rk;utsaa:, mtntthl}' re- also submitted ttittuetlffiCe of Occupational IJMX)”DaliUH Sew :ices, IthiCe tfi’tniucatitut, in tkufltingttnt, Orus such thiz' {\Litgtisst eatttt Sgk”1)i t-u1t>e:t‘ t }'k‘€]l‘ Ilt)l gl'i‘Ctrll ) l‘\’(3()1'tl35 t l‘t‘ t ()1 ltAtt'ittg: of‘ tlte Stéate Stirter\'ist)r tlut'ing; tliat pQJtlt)d ()f t ink'. zkugust 10 —— I I&%LHWle from Cambtitth, attended the nuthing at ltendetenut Stattf'fcaclun's Colligie of Arkansas School Administrators, 1 spoke to the g:()Ut) CtutCeIWtitu; ttie {IBM} p:xx;rant of gtiidentCe éflld idiat Htt}’ ctuild c0rtigr atn ft): \1>cza- tional Agriculture teachers." St13tembtw‘7 —- I {met \dlllt Hie In“ ristul faCLrlty zuul (llgSCtlSFH'd "A Clucct< l.ist (d7 (iUlkiaIle' Atilif it lt'? to“ Public Schools," September 8 —— 1 spoke before the Vocational Agri— cultural Teachers of 9outheast Arkansas on 'ht Counseling rttgtamittwr agricultural histructo:>. Sthtendnar lt)-—— 1 Eflnike ih‘lnft: the [Ru t Sutith Skdllflf High School taculty on ”\ocational huidance to: War lime." Sit tendu r l ——i sptdui tti ihK’ agt iCtiltaztil titschtw s of \orthwest Arkansas at Russell ille. Septtnum r 23 —«- l outliluwl a prograuitif guidanCe llu lit it‘ll ti — I for teachers and administrator: tW t sliip thimuuuiityricl< l.i s . , . 0’ Public >chools. /7 The Annual Report to: 1942—43 ctHMaflluwl a summarized state— 'uetit t)f tlie ‘qai iruis a(:ti‘rit itns tit tlit- Sltlit‘ Stlpt‘i\'i5tx ttiz tliat pt :itni. 'flie intitidtM3titni tr) he reutu t glh)it\l f:tnn lhtf Fliite l)lall that prv titui vfliicli steateti tliat iht‘ Siéal(‘ Stipetwcistir tlf \ticeitituial fltiidaitct' slulll uuirk \Glill'Ca' iULhfi lthal gtiidéuiCt» CkVJHSt’iKV 5 Ethl sclniol stuiei intttidtlufs hi building a stunnl p og:am cf itwmitional guidancty The State Supe:- visor continued by stating that in addition to working with local fECilLH3l C(lUllSL‘lLH‘S atid atiutin ist’reittit's, a gt ezat tha 1 «wt tixne unis dzv“«ittal ititwarking,tvith ttzuflu rs of lnyne ecuuunnics ennl ”ocatilnial agrixNil‘uytg Listed as the two best practices in! this period were: ll) wo king with indiWidual schools, and '2) working with school administratozs and iiuiix'idtuals tut ea Ctiunt1r tHl all iir—sei“xict~ ttqaclqu-ti‘aiiiinp.tuozlu>t civic and 5V? 'ict~ oscani/ations throughout i'i’ statr. Du'ing iiltj ti:.l ic: Siclicnil a alnti tilt” l):'ill(;i[)a l tit‘ tlxv .:V:; t) :sclititil t)f Elgal‘xtrz‘n . 'llit: SlJt‘\\J}’ tvéas t t) tit- Llét‘Li t L) Lit'i\ii “lillk‘ iilk‘ l«>c:a t ilwn of a [MAJ chtt) schtnul huiltling atnl to l£”'i5t tilt C(HN‘SV td’ studg'tt) mtw t iilr tictwls twf tlie f§rgl1) iwlutli it] time Ctflnmlnlii}', .)u'i11; tht: pic itul Cqutvd by the 1944—45 Annual DUSCtipiiYc Repo:t, to;ty—ninc CUHitIcHCLF Wct(:i1uld. 'Lhe Stante Supvu”tisor ctuttinucd tlu: pixmuvtional en3tiVitirs t3y at) taa: iitc at. Ititic d is t: ict uu*vt,itig;s «wt {ilk Ar k€H15£15 ‘Jtnigg‘c:ss t»t Parent-lcachvr Association, which wcie held at Ha:ri5on, Springdalt, Yati Hiireti, ilatrvi iiLf, :xlytlic\‘il iv, i§81llui Ritlgt-, Ktwtptn t l’att-sx'illtt 9H and Stuttgart. - C8:t&et-—d8§’ pituivanks kkdtfl ctuidtm;tvtl in lil lh>zath», l_itt iv :xick and Nalvern during the spring of 1943. lhc local Kiwanis Spunjo id tl:c t i:.5t ide), \«ltilt: t’h£J tiztig; an] Eli buil'xv; n an); a jtvitit t’ii o; t lit [lit Rotary Club and the Lions Club. In 1946 carter days were held at [l Dozado, HvlvHH. HUI Spring>, Littlc Rock and Scott. lhv objectiwv fo' holding CBTCVY days was two-fold: 98 ,. i . . . . . t,r . Arkansas btatc Dcpartmvnt of lducation, DIVLSLUH ot \ocational Education, UCCUpational Intotmation and Guidach SchiCcs, ”Annual Dvscriptin Rvpnzt= 1944-bq.” {In thy tilts oi the Hitvctor oi nuisanct and ’hsstitu; SVT‘Cinj. Iiittlt:lu»ck.) -93- kl) lo plvfile occupational and tducational illftlflnal ile it) s lutitwit s. (2) lo act as a fivhiclr for public zclations . . . . Q \Ul_iil 111 iilk‘ (Zilnlflllllll t it .j. -<9; I l A field Study was conducted during 1947 which consistcd ot a tkHJi (if \Jat‘ituis bLlSlJltiSS atni itnlusstt'ia l K‘Siéibl islnnt41tis itis idk‘ atnl tuut - ESldk‘ tlie stzate . lLigliteeui :SCiH)Ul. athuittist tattsts tnznlc tht~ itlUi ufi iclz was plannvd and di:ected by the State Supczvisoi of Uccupational ln— ftHTHaiilHl and (hiidarun: Sc: JiCr9. ‘lhe :flDCCliilC purtmwscs id? tht~ tour wcrc statcd in thc Annual Descriptive prort for 1946-47: (a) lo cnablc us to assist on: CUUHjblozs to assist out pupils to wo:k out thci: vocational and cducational plans: l bl 11) 1::artt of th? pliiltistuihitrs, plYBCi lCt’S, atnl p:UCchle SUCCcssfully used in business and i.ntltist i3; lCh.lCil ctxtlltl \¢t¢ll. tie atjtitt vii ’ s.ic J ik) (Jill' [>le 1 it: S(:il()t)1 l)r*t)gt‘eant itt ()ltit‘I‘ it) ilk‘i t L‘l ope 18 t e. our schools; ‘ c ) lt) t;lean all (Jdthéai it)H£31 pi iuirevn tliat. \qi,ll bt‘i Ti‘? mt-et the ne-cds of All our pupils and: (kl) lg) bitJath n tht: K'lSlAIH \Jf t’dLHIaiLJIS b§' gt tti 12 away from books and classiooms and SVPng lite osmium“ fir 99 Arkansas State Drpartmcnt of lducation, Division of Vocational lkhlcatitni,t)CCLQ)atitnual Ituxinnatiini and (hiidatun; Stu VlCt s. ”Atuiual Ilcscr‘ipt ik‘c Hello: i , 1946—47.' Lil i le Rock. (in lltu film: of tilt: Stati- l)i:ccttu‘ of l;uidarmxl and ugstitui std xins, ) 1091b m . 96» ling tieltl Slud}‘tfifls {tillowmwl by a susties tn‘ metd incs.\diich were held in Hcttfiun‘, 1947. Se etal institutions weze selected iLH the nun tings, .UicludiJugzktkansas lhilytechnic (hillcge at :hissellrillt, State Agricultural and Mechanical College at Magnolia, A kansas State College at Joncsboro and Arkansas Acticultural and Mechanical College at Monticello. lhe field study pointed to the need fo- an adjusted educational program as well as the life—adjus ment p ogsam for education. Stimulated by a study of the Prosser Resolution101 1i14S£thCHlf€t£fl1Ctfis tcudc ilHJ) Ckfllfiikh)baiiAH1 beuli of t test: eftszts in tiie dc’iib€% atitnis éflld tiiSCthSicnlS. All tluarncetitnis tolltwnwi a gtdu:ral patttntt consistixn; of a KK‘lC(NHt athirths b3» scnuetnie ft oat tlie ctllltggtr (n1 \QHL)S(“ caunptis ihk‘ nu et iii; was beitu; hell}, witli a itgsptuise flxnn scnuuflne tdto haul taktdt tht'tfield iOUt. A representatiVe of one of the industtics visited during the ttun‘ spoke t4) Mic gtwuui; after tliis spmwufli, a txvxieu’tfi‘ the tuitiqe trip was made by one of the individuals who made the trip, Afte: ttiis thtnte was ea panel (iiSCUSSiJHl. 1he State Supervisor, always conscious of the need to: Counselors tt) dexxglcqp atul gztnq pzn>fewssitnu311}’, dtw2idtii it)i101t1 a tnmnbtn‘ of . egiainal nmw:tings Cati§’ijl 1949. 'Hnese unwatings Wfilt'ihild betuwetlEli'uary l4 and Februaiy 23, 1949. lhe subjects dealt with at these meetings in- cluded budgetary problems and the evaluat ion of Hit- guidance programs ill tlic ltficeal scrhtiol::. Stip(*ri11ttuidtznt.s, [‘tiJlC ipzals attd C()Ull$£'i\H S f w»m Sunza, Th5, 33—34, to \J fifty—v ight reimbursed white schools attended the meetings. Trit- fit-2,10 Counselor trainer, ll, 6. :fiarnett from the Agzicultuzal, .‘Vechanical and f‘~;c>:‘ma1 College met with the Matt) counst 1o:s and discussed identical topics? the Annual Descripti c teport to: 1934—33 lists the acti itits 0f thee:- State Stipes‘.'ism‘ tor the 19:34—33 pe: iod, 'lhe dit‘l‘X-zt-nt ach-- it”VQH‘Ie-nts ot‘ the State Superisor in trui'suit of the duties of his ”ffiCt‘ were the following: 8, \lade 32 $511.5 its) SCitoulS. b. Worked with nine schools in establishing; zeim~ bursed guidanCe progzams. c. Lectured to counselor training classes at the "nitt-rsity ot Ark, sic ,1, Little ltock Graduate Cente: , Henderson State, Teachers College, Ark. (sic) Polytec inic College and Southern State (Stillege. d. Pert‘orzmfid routine seivicinf; duties ot pro- gram such as recommenthnc oCCUpational itiftiitnzat i()ll lh£11('!'iéii s , atitl p: tlft‘5§5 iLHl£31 inattw ials tt) CUUIhM‘lUtS. teachtu s, and adndtiistrattn s. t-, Six)kt' tc) cix.i(: gl\)Ul)S, teracdie: thJUliS, sttiit)r high classcs, and college groups who expressed anti init”l05t in giuithanCe- set‘5iCt~s. f. Participated in evaluating ll guidanCe pzoczams ill ctuiptcréatit~n icitli tilt? Ck)Ullét'itH' t1 aittc: s, lt>c531 Ethnillljiii at cu‘s. C(3Ulljk’lt)’f§, atni tezaclie: s. LValuations were disContinued after the fizst semester of the school year because of the lack ()f pt-rstntne l tt) cal ry (H1 iiltfit‘ init1151.1' vital- tieat ititis . Qt-tltic t ititi tit‘ iilt‘ s teat i eat tli t: t i'nk‘ teas dtn- i() tlie tleeith ()f (l. l‘. llcltiiclit, C(HJH— 8(3101 tréiintn , lletnleteuwn Eitatt: ltéiCh£JiS thdllt-ge -95- '13 Wtw3iljlg5 as glUixiallCL‘ CtuistiltENit, ‘Pat'ticitiattwl ill totn‘ C(nintywwvith teachets' h, PIXUCCGSSCki arttlic:atituis—ftu-~aiil atui C(HlH5L‘iUl CUIlll’aCiS.. .. i. L\'a lueatt d t: atis(:r ipt s arid a;>p1_i(:at itHlS ft): gill candithates ftn‘ Counst h)? ctu'tificatitui. i. tocommended eight new schools fot '11th . rt-inuiut‘st-— k, Wrote and distributed OTGS Bulletin = 36 l. lforketlxvith tlul legisltn iyc thmnittce appointed by the Ark, r'sic) General As— sembly to study the needs for Vocational hducation in Arkansas, by serving as a consultant to the sub—committee ENICe. Ctnisidtu ablk’ restwazch tqas in Ctnnicct_ion toith tl is \wdrk. Th: on Quid- done 't: v C 0'11— Knittee nuwhthigs were ix2hl and rectmmnui— dations were made to the committee as a bitdtu in. Scrxwwltvith Ntndli Centrtal Accrxuliting gttun) in checking one school for N.V. membersVip.1O2 the State Supervisor in addition to performing the routine off ‘ . . . . . . l-<::x> dutit s and nuiintaliiing Ctnitact tcith ottmn‘ Sta ' t - . t E? Department of lducation spcnt a great deal fie . . . . . 1-\3 Visiting local guidance programs: meeting tee; ~ t Q ilet‘s and patron U} with regard to establishing divisions of life (if tixnt' iii Illv with administrato:s, gtiidzuiCL~ p:\W;:;ins: s c-~ . . . . . p Ciltsing; to classes in the area of guidance conducted on the 'a toms col 1 § f‘gtr atni Ln1ivgw'sit}’ caHuJuStns. —\ 102 ' AJ‘kFNlSéhS Stzatt* Media! tmtwwt ()f lidtn3at ioti, lli\'isitun (‘f lkuczititvngil {‘.C1 ._ . ’-_ I x i . ‘ I ,‘ ' II UC:rfltion, t)CCLuMational.‘Intotnuatioliennl eclthnice btw"xict>, :Xnnual De “ . . ‘ . ‘ . _ .- _ , -.°(:l‘iptiye tepo;t——LULdanCe her leS—-1934—J). tL1§t~ Little mock .In thr s. of tit» Stiate l)irecttu‘ of (luidenice 23nd 'Ymfillthl S '”'icts. ) #99- 1’ a) r a IlUWlbt’i tst y: ai’s ptlitil c sc:h()ttl;< ldk‘lt‘ gJ‘attttstt int”ni)vf‘53lii) in lilL? :\lt>: ti, (letttt a i z\:;s<>ci_at,i()n al tixruiglt 1 etc ()f tlttfln c<>u ld WMTL’i lite requirxs'Uents set forth in the ”C” Section of the Forth Central Report. 1\11tubk123;ti :tgqtnests ilatl been) matha t() ptflTUil a LM‘FSLHI qtuilit7ierl in t3te atfa t>tf guithntce tt> bectnm: a meunx)r of tlu: inspx12tion ctmnnittecg t «*see r‘gwqutnsts ltatl btw2n igtu3reri unt il thigh I-o\&rtt teas 'nadL2 a uuwnbtr' of th“ ‘:&>n1mittee in 1936. This action marked another milestone in the VVC<§;I“1 i_titn1 of gyJidéNlC£‘ seinfiCews at" the talk? it” 01. U2 lhe Annual Descriptive Report for 1937-58 contained a Prefacin; Q rv"). 103 .- . . - - ~ -~ ..tat:e ,Tngttt \fiHlCI: inc31udcwl a :STBYKJHEIti (fl: iTK? ph1ilost43n}"t)f ttie sguituance be”'~l-<::<;3s: in [\rkintsaus. "Hie twsptn t h$k5 densel¢)p£wi LhtdCt‘ tlu: ideadthgs ()f Q~r _ . .. “tdtll :5 of ReimburSed Programs, Status of Superv1sion at the State Lr‘el, St ”w V " ' ‘ W >~ 'w s - l at L1 :: (A? Ltnntseltn‘ liathing, (JJHfEWKRHC€fi§, lhe)t:tatc> Sugn r isrn‘, ttnin— ,‘ (J '1 ___ ‘ ’ - - . r‘ . ‘ V, . A . _ l ' . . 3 "17 Irathutu, :14" ice ftxvn tlu: Slatk*(lfflC£‘é3Hd Plths fkfl Othellfl3‘ {MHI' . l . , t t . . 1 t tnder the heading lhe State huperv1sor, Hugh Lovett listed LHU fol \ . . . . t , . . 1“\’\A?ing acttg'itics ttn‘ tne {Mftlnd of tltis report: a. Funk: suptwuyisortrenni in-sewwxice ttzihting)\cisits to all 67 schools that operated reimbursed programs. h. Vorked regularly with three additional schools ft)r ttte ptltl)(33£3 ()f ttt>lgiittg t3101n tit“cc*lt>p gttitl~ anCe programs. c. Visited schools upon request to explain the guidance program to them. \ _ 1()3Azlzhcnxidilug cinntsttlo1‘ ttiainiln; CVHJVSK‘S thtritui tin: stmvne: . llte (wth8- ti~V>tial institutions butt a part of the expense and the Vocational liL‘J'iision of the State Departmvnt aSSUWPd a PUVtiUH' 'HLe llliVLfl‘Sll}'()f Ali<8n55k¥ cinnlucttwl a kin sltn> dtr in; tile Stjv - H.. . t , r .. , 3rlttlezr te2ltn \)f l 9Ltb (”l ltte lutlti< (if ttte kA)Uil5k‘lt)’ , :\ nttwnirlt tli bkl“ . . . l‘jltJiIHS to re gyreparle at tlte ru>rkshtx‘, aunbng trnwn bulltrtins tdttitlttl O I .\ s , . _, . ,, .rs W . ». "LJ§;gestions for Making a community Survey, bucpested rookshelt, ...:L\ ' ‘ F‘ ‘ , O ‘ no .osfi ‘ Siuggested Outline tor a study of occupational Into mation, >ellin; ti " w ' v ‘ o. oo " - ‘ 1“<~ (IIJ itteatt(;t: E3l‘ttgg";aut t (i t ilt‘ tiktdlflllllll i 5‘. eatttl ;\ I’l,£llt t «t: e1 l Ll] 1()‘\“— gt ._‘\‘__ 1oulhid. 1013— Study of tiraduattas and School Luau-rs." Jana T-F, Cotton, itite-ctor of Placement, (.'traduato School of t.t.lucation, Harvard fni‘fcrsity, assistt‘d the Sta tr. Supervisor in conducting the workshogxlofl) lltu ‘fnix'crsit‘y of Azkansas ot‘t’cwd the following C()tl§>‘.t>‘ during the- Suntmu' of 19147: 1. Principles and P:actiCcs of the \lUiLlE-HlCt‘ Progtam 2, The \x-‘otk of tlw Counselor 1 3. Occupational Information, Including .ob Analysis . . . 106 it. bpcc1al Problwns in Lit,)tlttsclit1g lhe State Supt-H'isor ot Occupational Information and (luidaHCu ‘ii‘Vl—ch was assisted in conducting these Cout'scs by Dana Cotton, (I) ”81”“8 rd ”ni‘~.*e:hsity; Milton t‘. Hahn, Director of Psycholtgical Servict’s Cent K”: L‘. Syracuse T.'nizr'crsit'y; But it. Volley, Occupational Analyst for the f\1:‘kansas State [implojt'mcnt Scra'icc; 1.1. H. Reed, llducation and Na iii ing Department of the lntmnatitmal Harawstcr Company; and \crnt-z it, S\vanson, Assistant to tht- Works Managr-z, Intctnational Ham'vstt-r COIN 1;) ally. Six courses wcrc offcrcd by thc Nnch:sity during thy summrr Of 1 9148, The: Cour‘Scs Marc the follrwing: 1. 17m lx‘otk of the t’jounsvlor 2. Counseling [ltc’ L‘XCvpt ional Child 3. lusting in [ltc ('Z-uidancr' Piogram it. Adult Counst-ling \ _ 10JCamp, lvaluation of Fwdcrally and State Aidvd Uuidancr Proc ans in . ~¢ Public bctools ot Askansas. 106Ibid {\J 5.4 ~103- J. Ctunrsvl'hrc arnt PsttflrotluArapg' 6, High School Case Studies107 Assisting ihv State Supervisor in Conducting'thv ahocc cou:scs Wrrc l)(JFUth V. Cltndonvn. Psychomvtrist: Arthur H. Combs: hilliam N tIruic:I£;shank: arulrlackstnrit. Powell . all frxnrESyracustt’rriuersit3u With the increased demand for grcatcr effort in providing tl‘a i171<¢rcl curtnrst>ltu S , tltc C(liltfgk‘S arrd tlrc eri\rcr‘si.t§‘ crnrs idt>rctl tu‘— for 111%; courses during thy school year for counsclor prvparation. It VJéaiS impossibly, with the training tacilitics in 1938, to preyarv t1H)lJ§g;l1, crunrseltirs tt) mew t tlua dtwnarul frxym tlrc {Jubl ic sschcnrl athnirris« trat~\»,{‘5‘ lln) situatitnrtwrs partiCLHen‘ly urgtrH"tvith rxcspvct tCrtlx“ pt‘cpa I‘at ion of Ticgr‘o Couttb‘ult‘tt‘s. 'E'ht‘ougl‘r tllit cffort of l72‘t'd NCCtlistiu-It, ASSC‘CZ iatc Hirrctor of the Ctnural Education foard of va York City. 835 i iS'tancc for the training of Negro counselors was made a ailahlv. The First grant pro idvd $1,000 for Conducting tuv twnrksluwps ftn‘ the trérinitu; of ‘itgrxg cruntsvltn s at A.Ft. arul N. (LAllvce, (lHU tlrr frun‘ wetdgr‘attts and to teaching courses in guidance on the campus of thc 5—11 Stitut ion where he was wuployt-d, the Arkansas \‘ocat ional Division 3U pplied the funds for half of his salary and all travel cxpcnscs werp pa id out of federal and state Vocal ional funds. the college: wlrcrc lit “’8 S employed paid the» other half of his salary. t“. l". .Vck'night w \ C.) ' I . . . . ex) £3 loyed as the counselor trainer. llc shared the duties of ::uper“.‘i31on \ 2 ° , a -‘ . - . l . f, . ‘ L t h the ét‘at‘e. bupc-mnsor of Uccupational Intormation and mUlLiaHCB Q- '7'- ‘ o ... “ I \'1C€'S. ihe Counselor trainer taught ont: thrcc—scmcstx-r hour course- ” the: area ot guidance (each semester, lhv cou: st‘s taught by U. l . ight were "P: inciplt-s and Pract ich of the (.IUitiattCe P:o3rarn," "’T'ltr- (t). ~ ‘ 0a to.‘- ‘ ~ ’ 0' k ot thv Counstrlor, and tullltiaIle "testing. —100- ll. (; harnctt was wrn logcd as counst-lor' traincr at tho A;— ‘iC-U 1 tural, .‘ficchanical and Normal tfollcgc on a half-timc basis ef— ft’ci ix'v July 1, 19/47. llis duties were similar to thost» of thc coun— 5“ 101' traincr at Henderson State teachers College exctpt that at first 716 d id not teach courscs in guidance on the. campus of iilt.’ CUllt‘Qt'. llt’ d‘~-‘7<‘«>ted the gzeater part of his timc to working; in thc tic-1d with 1— ‘5)Qal Negro counsclor‘s. In Septcmbvr of 1948 a counsclor traincr, Charlcs Morchcad, was ‘39“W‘I ploycd to work on tilt" campus of Arkansas Polytcchnic (Tollxgv. Ht- ‘VE—B 5 employed on a basis similar to that which the two wnploycd CUUIlzt‘lUf s Veg:- re employed. lhe State SUpthiSUY assumcd responsibility for supcrvision in t l1 c ccntral part of the. state and trlscwhczc it supcrx'ision wt‘re llL‘k‘dL'kl, L: h ar lcs Mort-head was given the tut ritory consisting of the rior‘tion of t h e state. north of Little ttock and (It. 1'. I‘lclinight BSSU'llt‘tl the respon— f:.a: nvtt strtx'rx'isvd 5 ibility for: the art-as south of Littlc hock. ll. ( a 1 1. of the Ncgro programs in the state but had \m-ry few programs north of little l-Zock, as Very few Itcglos resided in that area. then a counselor trainer was addt-d at SUUlllt'l'n State Collrut- on U 1y. l, 1931, the territory was again di'x'idvd. Charlcs \lcll‘E‘llt‘akl still lfié—B (j the tmrthrrn part of the statv, but the Ct'llil‘a] part of illt' statc \ ,1’ -\ . 4. ._. _ ._ a , H -. . . x d :3 allocated to Hugh Lorett, btate bupcra'isor and H. l . schniaztt. (I; P. K *4! pt: tx'. llarrod was assignt-d the southcrn part ot tlic att- including a 1 1 of the schools south oi a line drawn thrtnigh Arkadt'lphia tron -107- V351 t. 0 west. H. (3 a; rut t still assumt-d the .'"t'ilitltlrilllililk’ for all ""91 \ \ p: oura'ns .109 The duties of thc CHUHSVlUI‘ trainers Consistcd ot in—svrz iCL" {Va itlin}; with CUllllSt‘lOtS, teachers and administrators in schtmls that, ‘1 i~<3 ttt>t lta\ e gllltlallCt‘ {uttigi'atns bttt xvi 5ht”d tr) irtst ittlt€¥ sticlt {irrtgg‘ants. 17.th counsclor trainer madv monthly rcport‘s to the State Suprrx'isoz‘ ‘311 the progress and actiVitics of the guidance programs in the local 5 C110o1s.110 'Iht: instttictitnt shitet tiiSlt‘ibUlfflj b3r Hindi 14v Bil at the) ctnntscltn it 1* ainers' meeting in the Otfice of thc State Supervisor of Hccupational :I I1.formation and Guidancc Services on August 13, 1931, containcd general £3 I1.d squecific itfii)rmatisut. the \'Lsitatitnt terrijtury was (if idcd as t‘ k >110ws: l . Mtu‘ehcad Hussellvillc tentonville At kins Harrison i-iut't'illutt hit . llumu l)«. 114' Cl in t on Paris Imbodon Fort Smith Paragould \'an BUI‘QWI ’I‘ucke .r man Alma lythcx'il lv tics Fork Conwa 3' Ha [‘ rod Gil lham til Dorado Fort-man Parke: s Chapt‘l Tt-‘xarkana For d yc v ’ Hopv Ht" rmit age Prescott Star Cit_\' Magnol ia ‘-‘iont‘ ich lo Camden F-tcth'ht-c Fair‘vitsw Lake \‘illacrg Smackovm C: oss‘ct t \ 1098a; Appvnd i) A, p. 19 110-. ‘ Stet: Apputdix n. pa. 203—2011,, -]db— McKnight and Lorvtt At‘kadc 1 HI ia Gurdon ihglight Mona Ha¢ana Perryvil l’v Hot Springs (jutt£%'-Ntuttinu titar Sazwuatt Harnctt will bursed tmtnizams in want help and are not til\‘ 5 {ll} shall r?Lll)\‘f ill 1 t‘tltlt‘ll t SC‘ioul \' iSi t ('(i. Cont ikltflll ial offin in 17 it’ ld Con s is t counselo:, for vach nvcessary the statt: liUIIL'd t‘ reports t‘l,t)f t S . llue folltwving sfltall. FtCt‘i v field of public relations: t lie: yrinciyals guidanm- program to Hit- aunt fBCUlllxmé in talks bcfote itt tnutlt C(lilk’gk‘ rvluasvs, ttaining istatt: ctnntselturs' 25,and 29. lhe Stqituuflici‘ 27, a dinner mccting on Ihutsday erHng, lltlklll f:£il lll‘tléi)’, and end appzoximately at 29. ’Thc E§talt“ oft iCt‘\dlll Itaitc s tt) all. Gruntseltn‘s a \J for lltc Statv ‘tlt’t‘tittg. ll tnret ing :fltal‘l bt-lteltl tlillvt at lltt' l‘.l".A. lattcr can the pzogram UUl aflvt‘ tain or tlte t)c tnatlc and thc t llk.‘ L)t: \UUI‘kt‘d rcnuain lktSpLNléiblL‘ ftu‘ all.ftrazt) tatc I lit‘ and In :rpot‘ts add it lull civic clubs W85 Camp at 8981. ial'lt' final gvflvtal LARK" 5 ikiV llil t it llock .01 ill Lil 1 iv Sheridan Pillt‘ 2‘»1.Uff DVS AI‘C ”281d littub Wynnc Hock rcim- as wull as lilUSt' w‘rio I‘L'i'niltltfiit‘d iDElS iss, to the state supervisor it is scnt to of a t‘cpott whens be ahovc Célit’s shall i .'3x' to mvn— lhv intcrrr of suprrintendvnts, addit it)” i0 and the cmphasis in k‘ tat i011 tilt-55: ht-scw”xiCr arnl h iult S(:h()L)]‘ myrtin; will by held on It will bvgin with the: 27 lllt' stwni tuit qtn st hin— fit)! gcttin; their suggestions to: tln- leI)USt‘(li lht‘ gvth ral. ttnsic dt'ClAjVKl titat t‘tr on Patit Juan Houn— Hot Sprimis it mvchanics \x’i i] I‘tf St‘it‘Ctk‘ki . —i {i ‘LK' dvtails [hvmv is 7100— >, :\:t iclt : tvt itttett-st ttn tlte (Totntst'la'ern shzill twé obteiinttl tttvn sthwne: SClMtUl teptn ts ttxvn counselors who attended summer school this yea: and «Hie an liClt? eaclt frtm1 the tkiur ctnntseltv trainers. Rumber l from Charles Morehead. “iuuniez 2 ttwvn (t. l]. )lcbhtigltt, Ntvnbtw' 3 ftxvn / (hwwrge lhn rod atniTFumbew‘ Q tran H. t}. harnett. O’\ (liunstltn‘ traitnd s atnl SlfllQ’ suprwwxistn s shall take every opportunity to make talks to teacher education classes in all colleges of this state explaining the functioning oi the guidance pro— gzam and its relationship to tne entire schtnd program. ‘. Special £3il9HlitHllM83 calltwl to the deJJHQng schools: McCehee, Cutter. Morning Star, lilla: ltryattt atnl Ult n ih):(‘. ’Hievta Stwflns to tn: stwne discrepancixé: hi the Counseltu"s duties at... Thar renuainitu: f1)Ut‘ SChJNlls zize that tut a reint- btn‘sed tuasis lHJl ha I? 85ktxl heltv fttml the ctWUItseflot‘ tt‘athez's attd tlte stzatt: titt‘ice* t o set tn) adtifllalt‘ guithanCtr set “ices. It shall be our policy tt give as much help to our schools \ not on reimbursed basis as those on the reimhu:- Sed tnasis if tltey thfiIK‘ atut reqtn st SUCltltvlLL Attached to this instruction shtet was a map of Arkansas showing the division of the terri— tory into three areas. (See Appendix A. p.199.) A similar infotmation sheet was giVen the counselor tzainers a) t their St-pt‘emher, 1953, meeting in the UH ice of the State Supervisor ‘V’ff ()ccutxational.iInftntnatitnt and (hiidaruxr SUI‘IiCBS. Two ruwa schtuwls. 1* 11 nColn and Newport, wete added to Charles Northead's territory, Unt- t1€§”‘~7 scrnnwl, Nash illtg \WES added ttitfieorge L ,llarrod's tron ihsrt, and t “3&5 new schools, Marianna and D-Ictjrory. were added to the territory ESQ 53 igntwl to tn l5. Mcthtight anulllugh larxett. ll. (L 11arnett \JaS still I 4“ . ~ . L“:3IJOHSLDIO for all oi the legro protramfi. \ () 1 lllttttntnat itnt Slhqtt ttxvn “4:. hthih 1,o-t;tt, Staatt‘ Stn)er“xistit td C: . - . . . " ‘ , . ‘ C: ‘4 peatitoneil .lnt_ottnat tort arid (allidéfllCt', tt) LAJUIIStfltfl' ll alJlt” s at :x~attla:' fga . . . __ i. . . _ t‘ ‘1 1 meetin: August 15, 19>l. (In the tiles ot the State Di ecto; ot JLJ' . a . ” 1 .. . . l KianCe §tr¥1Ces, btatc Utpa;tmtnt ot Lducation, Little Rock, Arkansas > —l 10— Sutninéa 1‘\< N the guidanCe services in Arkansas rectxied initial support at the "state level from the Vocational Division of the State Department of LdUCation. J. Nation Adams prtrsided both moral and financial support f ‘31 the program by accepting the guidance set.“».’ices as a part of the \yk3Qational Division and prcwiding money from state and federal voca— t ional funds to assist in carrying on the. program. The State. Supervisor '23 r"ovided energetic it‘a‘dtfl‘Sllip in the formative stages of the program alld Set a comse that has been t'ollt;)wed from the inception of the pro— :1. :‘am until today. 'llte supervision of ~guidance programs has suffered through the action of the State r‘oard of tlducation in eliminating the positions c)f counselor trainers in its reorganization of the State Department K315 Education in 19573. With the increase in the number of local pzo~ 3% r‘ams and the. demands made on the. Director of Guidance from civic, K‘ducat‘ional and other groups to appear before. them, the state super~ “’ isor has very little time to visit local programs and assist high sChool counselors as was done before the curtailment of ptirst'wnnel. llt‘W- ‘C‘ ‘-'Qr, as a result of the Nat ional Defense L‘riucation Act, one person “’§ 3 added to the state office as State Supervisor in 1958. The Office of Uccupational Information and Guidance Sera'iCes “751 8 moved from the Vocational Di‘.'ision at d was established as the I)‘-_-. .‘. i . . __ .. i. L ‘- ision ot CIUldallCt‘ barrier-s in 193.5. ihus, the Di'.'ision of ottidance ~111- (I) “L t he State Ikaaz‘tmvnt with a director- 5‘3“\’ iCt‘, this camt' about as a result Ur the be f 6:: use, tiduca t ion Act by the mat ional Congress. ‘313 supet‘wis ion appear 5 to be bettm than that a Study of the dcx'vlownents since: that timv leaves E" *7" Sit ion today. The: (luid ance Q - ‘3 l ‘ ganizat ional p05 it ion in the. S t ate thxpax‘t '.11L'I1i of .\ w ' 1 b 'Latt- bupem‘istn‘ has bun added; yet the Qcmnwloz's and school progzams of guidanCc has more , : ger‘sonnel ()xpanjinn. of thy d i i 5‘ ion passagc of S ( HIIL‘ Education, inczuasc in [he than to head ‘~'7\' ices has cqual maanizat innal status with thv nthw‘ divisions tf'it: t he ".'at ional imme d ia t L513. af t v: doubt as nurnbr- 1‘ Of f .‘Jt’i A1 thuugh thy posit iun 1933, t 0 imx'x'ices uccupics a more imh‘pcndt-nt and a of Hit; it ~ .5 CHAP'lfliil \' "ll“; ()RlGIN AM) l)|;\'l:Lt)PI'2t;.\§'l Hi" 'l'lH; Ci'flllAthl; Pill;)(illA."ES 17$ ’llllj LHL'AL StjlltttlLS It . -. \IL. oduct ion rlhe establishment of guidance programs in the high schools of A Lkansas has always been on a voluntary basis, Although th- lorth : k (:e>rttt‘al Association strongly urges the development of guidance~ ser- ‘~~" flees in schools seeking and maintaining accreditation, the individual Schools were not forced to establish guidance programs. In recent }«’eeat‘s the state Committee fox“.\‘orth Centtal Association has been plac— ing increased emphasis on the impot tanCe of establishing guidance .13 I‘ogtams as one of the requirements for accreditation. the first f?<:nq guidarmx: proggtnns establisruxldarior to lht’thflJ of ttwhuvtl funds, ‘Vt': :‘e established at the request of administrator s v'ilk) were interested L11 providing guidance sezvices tor the pupils of their schools. the use of federal and state funds fol reimburswnent provided added em- DP} asis to the program and the number ot‘ programs established increased 3 t ‘adily after 1946. 'lhe State Supern'isot of Hccupational Info; mat ion and Uuidanm» S t: r 1C 9 (ll did not ha”e a well-defined plan fox the establishment of C) . . . V 5L1 ldance programs at. the beginning but took a rather slow explorattiu y a r V . . . C313 .1 oach in setting up programs in the local schools. He did require -llZ— —l13— lhE‘ t’ tlue adnrhtistttitot' hidicwite art initnlned thxsitx- tor tin" se: .ice ar\\1 'tltat tht: temachew s atnl pin:ils ltaxx: stvne ihidersstatnling (st tlze tn;- JeiCIK ives of the program. Much of thi 1,1 KJHS accnunplislxml thtxnmfli Con~ i—Q‘l ernces and tutu r piograms tdf hi—ser ice titahiing. the snininistrattu VqéazS expected tt)tnwycide adequate31fliysical tru:ilities ftu‘tlu: counseltn, ‘fiJIlWicfli ituzludewl a [X‘iratea ott?ice, tJCCLngatixnial ENld twhicatixnial inatew‘ials, f: i.le cabinets, folders for individual records and other neCessary office S‘LJpplies. Counselors on full-time progtams were permitted to teach not Eilcbre than two classes of related subjects such as occupational iniorma~ 't .i_t prove as suCCessful as did Ute full—time programs. One of the jobs of the State Supervisor was to show the school 8(3 fuinistrators that the development. of a guidanCe service need not be 33 tTinancial drain upon the school. He did not express the orinion that 53 §;uidance program would not Cost money: but he took pains to show how much of what was needed Could be procured by inexpensive means. it V‘éa 53 a ctmnmon siiflit t() see liim dtdfix: up tt) a SChlhll tniilditu; and Lniload 53" Utrntge czrate ctniuainitu; a samnfile td: an cmxzupatitHMil inftntnatitni file; H~ . .. . E: Used this means to show that expeHSLVe steel tiling cabinets were Ilt , 7 . . . . . . ”it needed to house the occupational information materials, Du'ing tlx.; . *‘~ early years of the guidance program many schools used orange crates tug . . . V . .. . . . t Piouse their occupational information tiles when they could ha”e at- fts - . . . . '1 Kied more expensive containers. It was this practical, common~sense i 12“ {in l. .l' Ii -114" app tvuflt Usud ht'tlu’:¥tatc Sutmm'tisat that (nu1.inCtd want énhnhtist atnzs \lf tlte yw‘act icat>ilit}r of than pitugraut that llb \Jas :Stllving. lltis savvy practical appznach with tusptCl to nthcr phages 0f the guidance ptu~ g3 an] SkNJH btxwugjtt Stu)ptttt ftktut Ethnillifil,laltlff3 ttw)nt 0517f th’ stzatt:. llu: StathESUpvt”$isnt thy utewl a gteifl. dtftl at ltis vturrgiwa chiting the first few yeazs atter 1948 to ”selling” the ptogtam of Ruiuance to administratnts, lay persons, mvmbvrs uf clubs, O‘ganizatiuns and »< retnw:senten ivvs «fl ltighvt‘twjucatitnt. At t’irst tltis 5t411ing {yt>g:ant Ctuu;isted (d? talks ix3f0t&‘(31UbS en1d tntym1izatitnts arnl CUth%tfl1Cv5 \citn administtatots, teachers and CUUHSUlUtS. Shortly after rvimhursvmcnt was inaugurated in 1946, lhr first staty—wide counselors' COvaFCHCL was held at Little Rock. Conferences lhe first conferche of Arkansas enunselozs was held Februaty 14, 13, and 16, 1946 in thy Senate Chamber of the state capitol. 'fltis ccntfethncs-tdas (ntndtuztcd tut the tslatt of :3 kMH kshtn; anti tlu- ttngics Covered were thosv Considered to be basic to the develtnmuwtt at thv gttidéutce+ 5térx'iCtes in lht' stzitc. th3uttstflntms at ternlitu; tltis CLWlfL‘IEItCE \detee thte fttllcnving: Amis, Fracha CFUSSVti Bankston, Horcil SCott Benton, .‘tlttt‘l CUIIUH Plant hruuks, Alice Halvern tint’ktr, 1)t)3‘le: Tttutt iCIv lltw Cash, fiku‘ie lhxtdyce FetggUStnt, Eéuiiifi‘ llvlewta Ftnw:, Ste=lla I‘Vietntshit Hatrud, Margit Hnratiu Conference at meeting at which J. M. was the principal -JI)~ Henderson. HvlvH Hicks, A.l LaGtune, Ruth Hts. U.H. Lcisc, benrgv Lawless, DO!) l , Corrine Patchcll, Gcnrge W, Payne, Chloc Puckette. Pansy Rc§nu3lds, ()ya (Hiat‘leas Lyons 7 Mcvcts teeter, Terrell, Effie WBIKA, Bettiice Whitton, Dolph léilliirnson, Tfiildteml Lcc It is intvtcsting to note that 113 counselors who are at present the schools where thcy started as Maxie Cash Helen Henderson A. t. Hicks Ctnw'ine-Flcytn‘s Pansy Puckette (l‘xa 36,3110 1 ti 3 l7ugtwtia ltixt>s Fffie Lee Terrell PctWticcrlJarc Milditxlldilliamson adclititut tt) thv In twcnty—cight thy Pttzsidtdtt Hull, Spvakct, 112 Counsvlgram, A'kansas State [)11'i5lxin, ttccuiiat itutal. lllf(H“nal.iUIt ainl March, 1946), y. b. 113 Counsclctam, Arkansas State llirisitut, HCCHJDallAHlal Itflk3mnatitnt and 1963). Oil \Wthng as counsclcn:n counscluts, state capitnl, a numbct of guvsts attended thc Department Imbndun séislli'il lc Forcman Nabclvalc State Vocational Schhol— Huntsville Httmitagc Searcy lJilstnt Havana Vagnolia DU"~.' t? 1' Lake \ illagc Blythevillv ial Htu‘adn Hope Parkwr's Chapelll2 thc first twcnty-cicht counsclu s tert at£+ act bye (ZUFITfllll}’ in tlie gguidantce t iclti williin tlic sstatt'. liu: Sulllt’ wtv‘king art) listexi bclth: Ftntjyce.tlictt Sctutnl ltnbtnlett llialt Scflttnil Hash illc High SChOol Scarcy Higfli School Magguwlia liigh Sctnuwl I)n\t r ltialt SCfllUtll Ifiat'iarnta lligtt SCiH)Ol Blytthille Hicl Schntd I;l IJt I eitlt. ,ttiti ittt‘ lli gfii thfltttttl Xurthflcet High Schuol Ctnuiscltn s idio atttwnhwi the dinnet (fl::\rkansas Ih>lytechnic (ltllvgc Dopattnu11t Vocational (if l7GLJC£1titJn, tniidatun: 3ft” ice tl_ittlt> Rock: t)i lducatiun, \ncatiunal taiidanCtt:4vt‘i(x- tLitt:h? Huck: -116— ‘PtrtLit .it11H C(Hlft‘ttflle‘S Fach fall the CouHScluzs from UYtF ihv state mcvt at Prtit .feaur State? Park txrr a (nuttertnuye lastitm; two (H‘ threw: daysn Pttit Jeant Nountairr is strepctl ht legends thxri'cd trim] Hrc carly’l’rcnch :cttlers. 1hc mountain is 1,100 feet abovv sea level and has great chnic beauty. It is locatcd near the center of thc statc just sc:cn~ teenrrnilcs front Marrilton. 11H} fir st Estate} ctnttcrxntCéa fot'ldhiit’ cotnrsclxrrs tqas iltlLl at Pctit fean State Park on tcotber l, 1949. tach year thcrcafte: a con~ ft?!(“H(Z€ of~ erll VfllitLE‘ ctrurrserltn 5 axis lltfltl {rt l’ct it .than St at,c 13ar‘k- 'F‘t ‘g()fk of euuflr COHfX‘tenCt'\daS tntianizeml artnnuj a thrtral lhvflh:——a glit— ft rerit thtmne llwr (Bacfir CLUIfEltxnCt‘. ‘flre [)riJrci43a1_ athjrtess at t acir C(Hl- te:reru:c teas; gin:ert b§r a gtuxst s1rceHtairn9d ttte tJlEQLHI uflriclt ccnrtaitnzd tilt wcumis 'Tl.h. ldchttight Zfienun‘ial lbw AtdfiaHSEHS Cinnr- sclors," Further explanation from Vrs. lhomas included the following facts. 1. It was hoped that 8100. would be spent out of the treasury to buy books on guidance material for two years 2. 8hr VMNJld ilike tkwr arntthtw' CkWUNilitf‘ otlu r tlrart tlte rare svrrt tnre, ctnnprxsetl (d? lhlgtt la» (‘tl , George Harrod, and Lois lhomas, to purchase the nuaterialfl.114 :\ pertnaneqrt ctnnmii tee: ccmngostml of (Jlenrt Colt+, 'ttizew‘sit}'trf Arkansas, Chairman; Lois lhomas, counselor at Arkadelphia Higl School: anrd tTraruzes 'lrasflier , Ctnlnse lot‘ at Prxesctrtt lligh Elchtn>l, \UBS zapptrintt d at thectlICES met tirug heltl in lhtfllntt‘l Fuizicnr, Atn;ust 25, 1937 . lrr 1956, Mrs. Mar in Shackletord, who replaced Hrs. lhomas as counsvlor llulbid. —115- at Arkadelphia, and Dorothy Rice of Henderson State teachers College \Jezw: ehldetl tut the luctttiglrt Exflntv ial Ctmnnittxae. l aclr yeast ea Sclt‘CllAlH of books is purchased to be plaCed in the memorial stack. flier thirty \WD].Ulnt‘S liatl t>et-n atldt Se:;si«>n: and Rufus Pulliam, State Supervisor of Occupational Information and Guidance Services in Georgia, :poke on "Planning Guidance Programs in Getrgia." l leanor leis, tlm::§tate Superxistu‘trf(lccupational ltflanWrtion and Guidance FerviCes from Mississippi, described the methods of planning Soc '1 w s __ I r ' 1) - , 0' V _ r 11 51‘ it? (Jotltts‘t‘lut’s .\"1K“‘c‘l int; rtt'put‘t , t.lrrt,ttt.. (tlt‘icc (Jf lkiuceatitni, stnrkt‘ on tlic SL b pact , "Lxualirat;itrn pi\)C£¥dllft s arid lt:cl1n.iqrnxs .” l)crltlr (Zawrp, tlic State:i3upcrvistn in (lccupational.Itflknrmation Services ttxyn Arkansas, dc] i erxgd tlie t inal. sprwach. in idiicli hx- sununar‘izeti theeéachi13Vcnndrts rd the guidance services in gwiew‘al, rX cinrfcrxurce ()f ‘JJgIK) C(unistltn s MQHS heltl orr the (nunprns of Arkansas Agricultural, Ncchanical and hormal Collcgc, Pine Fluff. rialHJHIAV l7 arni 15, 1947 . A runnbemr of ‘xcgrtr CCHHlSVICH s trunn oitw thE? stéate \qcrr: ill atte3nthance<, :Xtteurdiru; frtxn tlic liiglr schtnils \vvii' (llie Bailtql, counscltn eat Ycrger Highs than :Ihrrothy 'tuuws. Counscltn‘ at Washington High School, [cxarkanaz Hattyo Whytc Noodridgv, counselor at Fl.izea Efil'lcr lliglr 8(3hLHJ1 , L itt.le llruzk: arid ,ltnic l)arcs«nr, ctrurist-ltu‘ at d. (I. Corbittlligh Sclunwl, Pint-tiluff. Others attending the Conference were Ld Pecblcs, Supcrvisor of Teacher Training, Negroes at Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical and Normal College; H. G. sarnttt, Instructor of Distributive Ediu:at iori at‘ A.‘t. aruj Ti. (jol,lcgna; i), ll. 1 ldtd‘s, \t‘tcw‘atis' KJULUl;('iLH' at the collcge; C. A. Hicks, Assistant State Supervisor of Ivgro lducation, State Departmcnt of Education: and Presidvnt lawrcch , . . . V (3 [’81’15, ot tnse htvst, C(tlltfgé'.ll 'Cflratttw‘,” (hrunstrlgrrvu ilk brtuarx, 19h,fl . r. 7 . -120— the work ot thc CUHivaHCt was structured around a discussion c>f tlic bllli£2i in, Flier (HJiilBIICr' thrgg‘anr l xirlgrint d ,arid at'ulnld ttfiJHl‘iS f rtnn lhxf C(HJHSt'iolYS rcggartling tlue ptk)gt£ass tnf tht: QtlidéNlCt‘ prxrgrtuns iti tlnsir‘ schrurls. -lu: qinestitnnrairt~"Stertus td‘ Ctmnrscltu"s lorrk” teas LlStPLi tlirtrtrglitrirt tltc ctrrifkar‘etice: ill trrxlt>r tr» 5t_ilnL11£3l€? LiiESCllSASiJlil. 'Htc f irst td7 a Std‘lcs ()f arnrual rnid—xwtar cluancltu‘s' cturfcrxttccs was held January 18, 19 and 20, 1931 at Southern State Collcgv, Wagnoli . \r' l;d\ogrrii (Zhgrrle's Rtrelbcr‘, C(3UIISE‘1k)r tr a.inirr eat lltt- idllflfbt‘si.l}’ ()t vi sstrur i, hMiS thtf cruisultarrt f()t tlu: C(HlfVlelCV. hvnqarci loath r tiiscnisstmi ”ll st— iJm; as a lturl in Pupil Planning“ and HUCtnth htrksslsting Pupils to P1an1 ftn'iljllcgc." ~ lidtqar d Htrctrer‘ ssurnnuar‘i21:d tlie kkWt1( trf tlie Ctrni“cr‘ciiCta art tlrc fiJial set“sitni arud l_istewl sinus tliings theat CtkiitgfiTS C(Hlid (L) {(l ass:ist I) liiglr sctnyrl C(HH15€1¢)i5 itithning ea bcttiw jt¢)tfif ctunisclirm; studttrts for college. He listed the following items: 1. Improve catalogues and bulletins. \ 2. Stflld ()Ut rcqgre'scrrtat ivews ftu‘ ctillrtgc tia}ss in the high schools to present the case of that particular collcge. 3. Pry» idte cluttiniiing. rcscwrrclr oti the inatttgr of student success. 4. PILYXidt‘ an tipptn‘tUIiit5' for ltiglt sclnrol scwritrrs ttr vigsit tht‘ crrlltegte cemnptrs (Hid talk with some one from thr drpartmvnts U16} arc: fittercstEmi hr.‘ ' 111 Wligflil.ialrts flkJm the» Ahagrnwliti Ctnrnsuxlrn s' Gtutfcrt-ncLs.” Counsclgram (Pcbruary, 1931), pp. 2—7. —l2l— Hie fugiro CtHHlSViA3f§ and: at lh)t Sin ings 3%irch 31, 1930 lll C(nijtntctitnt witli tan atniual :erenisas 'leacflietss[\sstK2iatitnt meed ing. llic pithgteun nuns btiilt. alw>utnj tlie 1‘el:.titn1 of the) Ctuntst-loi“ anti the. :StUdENtt and ctmmuniity. lh)roth§ .hnies, Ctuniselo: at htnfltingttnittigh Scditunl, 'lcxen karma, slnake «in tlie ttq)ic, "llu: Ctuniseltn‘ atnl Sttulent leltatitntshil>s atul Cunnllat iYe leccnwls." Coil iss lHfiwartl, ccuniseltn‘ at Pine Stzeet High School, Conway, discussed the topic, ”lhe (30Lniselth arul Communiiti'll lat ionsltips. 115 The Negro counselors under the leadership of H. G. Barnett, (launselor lrainer at Arkansas Agricultural,Mechanical and Jormal (3C)1 1&‘gt?, E’itte El.uf’f , lie ld a HtlHH3tl‘-t)f Ct)nt‘et‘ettce:s eeacli }’céjt . t.iglit} — two percent119 of the Llegiwn ccnniseltwrs {attenthud a (nuifetedtce ()1 Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical and Korma] College October 11 to 13. 1951., whetta'probleflns ConCedtiing Tmfigro ctuutseltnés were tlisCLnssed. The second mid—winter conference of Arkansas counSelo:s con— ‘ V. , , .. " "V v . i - . - -, r):- ' :r) 120 \énied tut the CaHflNJ: ot scnnltein State (lillege, ohmiuaty -) enul 26, l9ii, Nicln)1as.lhnbbs, I%\)fesstn‘ of fllucat ban atul Ps}tfiu>logy, (hwnrge Ehwabody (killegu: fcn‘ Teactnars, TQaslnuille', lctnuxsstt» and ihHl Rtussell, llizecttn‘ r~ t v.2 U) of Rehabilitation Services in Arkansas, were the principal speaker the: ccntfeztdice. TfliclN)las lh>hbs \iiSCLhSSvd "Identtif‘h_atitn1 and tuxfetdval I’rtHJIenns «if tlic lliglt S(Ih(H>1 (LiUtiseltwr," en1d l)Olt HtlSSC’ll sgngke (tn ”Cooperation Between High School Counselors and Vocational Rehabilitation 119 /\ :3 00V\‘ » .0 . ‘ I‘ ll. o, ;uarnett.. niixl s l,ye \ ieuztnt bteate tAHlitltfllCE z3t 1A11utist’lgl'ant (Norenfiu r, 1951), 14). 3—/ 120 . . ' _ _7 ”Mid—winter conferenCe, counselgram (Janua:;, 1033), r. u. \ZLHJILselttrs." tdtilt* at this ctnttett>nCt-, tin: C(Hfllfitlljli K xprxxsstwl tin: \)Dlflllknl that. thctx* WPII' 10t>1HaH}'tHUCt1JH;5 ftn' CCHHliBlt‘VS dtn ine tin; §+%n' and that much more benefit could be derived by reducing the number «sf 'nemetitngs atni trg'ing tn) dtlél bed.tet job \Jlth. the reunaitting nutétingsi. ’Hnis, the 1952 conference was the last mid—winter conferenCe. A Counselor—training conference was held on the campus of 1%rkansas Polytechnic College April 11, 1933. A. J. drabaueh stated that the two following fundamental plinciples were involved: 1. Concentration in the first four years on general atul Std)ject-4natteu‘ pthDareition. 2. A fifth year of professional preparation.121 the Ford Foundation Program was designed to imptOVe the found~ at it>n t>rtmgrenn «sf ‘teeacliet s 811d C(DUllSLflL)tS . 1t. p21);'idt»d tl at art ailltwuxntctJ of $125. per month be given students participating in the program du: in; theiaf fiftlt year (d? inte:tnfi.ip. A (mu tain anunntt of cztmiit was eallowed ft)r tdotifl thine: dtt‘ing; titis jrcat‘ otf itttertts3»ip; btit 1110 eun0tn1t ‘Ja: ietl \cith the different institutions. lhc fifth year of work consisted of CléBSFS thStl‘UCl.iUtt, Staninen‘ hh)Fk eand eicttlal tctnfltitn; tn‘ ceninst:litn; ill the community where the students were training. the cooperating teacher from the local school system was paid $25. per month by the Ford Foundation. A conference was held on the campus of Arkansas Polytechnic 122 College on December 5, 195.3. The conferenct: was arranged and r) 00 “ ‘ ’ ‘ ,. ‘ . . . . .I_ I‘ '\ t . " 1*1-lteptn‘t fttun bh s. ktninettt lcagtur~—lrvtinitu; of LAHHlbvlt)l>, Counselgram (May, 1933), pp. 11—13. 7 . .. to . \ , a .. .._‘ 1“2511‘s. hxfilnelii A. ‘haagiu-, tlcftmrshtw‘ LAHtftWWIHCt’ at ltrk¢Atsas lech,” Counseleram “January, 1934), pp, 5—9, C(HNlUClLWi by tjhat‘les thfirelnaad, zissisttxl b}' sowuirnemtur's «d: tie Ctrllegt‘2stafffl The tlnflne tf“Ute Ctniferermxh was tniilt :ux)und tltree philthunfliical tiunuflit patitHWIS; hiOtEHtflliC or part-Aaiole relatiinn- ships, mechanistic structure or whole—whole relationships and organic t)r (NULW‘gEWIt peattt)rr1 of tlu)ugd1t. Miss Hazel Dunnings, counselor at Morrill High School, Pine hlufffi :krkansas, ithvrted in tlu; Counselpgznn for Maig ~1958 tntea series CV’Y l of tdkxtnatitn1(jlinics” tlmn \flyrc conductewi at Morrill.lligh Scduu>l and were terminated March 20, l9SEn 'Etis series of clinics ans de— signed to 1. better inform parents concerning the behavior p:rtt1:t115 ()f the: Clliltl, e. (jt”f€?l()p ktnsvzlewlgtz‘tif tiie s(:ht»tr1, it s ptthfi an) ennl structure, 3. develop skills in working with children to assure better development, 4, develop attitudes plus a CUHdUCiVe atmosphere for increased cooperation between parents and teachers. 123 The objectives of these clinics were to promote understandings of guidance practices, to establish channels for Communication hetuwen Counselors and teachers éHKl to effect aCCeptance of programs ed guidance among students, parents, teachezs and the community. I 'lhe: :t13te .Neggro tnrganiiz:ltitni tfi‘ ttwscht rs is lir 123llaze1hutmines, "'nthrmat ioiirflitiics, ‘lozr'ill lli0" S Etuwl.” Counselgram (May, 1935), pp. 8-9. _12u_ (Htvt Mics (Jaclt yyat‘.%inct- tht't‘>taf»lisynuu1t tn‘ guithunCt< str”cictxs in ch51) ptfl)lic SCEMM)15 1111\tkanszn~. int:1)lan ttn‘ tic C(HlfutkfllCti tkgllnus tluat th35c1‘ibtml as tlxe (H gaIIi/at lull f011£fiflflkl h}! the \mtitté ctnntscltn‘s, A special spcakcr dolthtS thy principal address and the counaclors llik‘ll pit-St‘nt the" othvz‘ parts of the [nag—ram. luittlt‘lfi.itc lh)uac (hinfc;t11cc A5; a: 1&35L11t ()f tht? ewntfltassis pltactwl (n1 tlta Slle}’ of‘ ;t)utl: Ffltd their relationship within the American society at the national 1t 01, a group (n? interesttwl<2itizcns cntyn1ized nhzn,\w13 know as 'VNWJ Littlc tfltite lhnlsc Ckn1fe:ww1cc." l ach \wuur tin: gttnlp HEt’tS at liittle Thwck and studies the problems related to children and youtl". lhc 1931 CunfvtenCC on Clildron and Ynuth met in Little Rock on February 23. Dolph Camp, President of Snuthctn Statc Collrgc, \uéas tltt: Clléiit"nlall ()f g,tt)ut) 1 2 , "blzat<:ltirtg; \Rgtttll atttl tltwt)s ." (llllk‘! s actiJu; as ink isorés to tlmJ gztnn) thkfllugltlJ)Ycll , Staate Stnnrrtistn‘ of Occupational Information and Guidance ServiCus: Ben Morley of the :Arktntsas tnn310ynuwtt Stmnlrity'llivisitnt; antlt’tanCtus Allxfll of‘ the llittlv Zock Offictg lhnplcqnuwtt Security Ilixisinn. 11M: fulltnding ESiX qtnastitnts sctxxul as 'thc (nitlitn: ttn‘ the gtoup work: 1. Is there explntation in thy field of matching youth and jobs which can assist us in forming a pattvtn for a wntkahlc plan? -.123_ 2. tjatt ptu'stnlal it}- tt-st:5 tn; tlsetl sealt'ly in high school; 3. th is it that the question of ”Matching Youth n and Jobs” is not exactly fitting todayi a. hltat dc tezwnitnrs tlic inttgre:;ts klf 5u)utlt ill a job and how does age, schooling, and llO'llt' life influcnce this intercstf 3, M11er1 Sltotlld x48 btqgitt tt) ittflticttcee yt>utl1 lt) select a specific occupatitnal field} 6. What youth agencies ate rvsponsiblc for l . . . ‘ I matcning yUUlH and Jobs.124 The C(MKhfldl for tlua occupatitnual adjustnuwtt of tlc 5xnlth ot liigh sclmx>l ago was 3xfimhn1ccd by ttu> soriousrmsxsxcitntahich tlué‘xarious agencies dealing with youth participatod in this and similar conferencc<. Thu Conclusion drawn in the 1931 little kmitc House ConferenCe was ttat it was the responsibility of all agencies coming in contact with youth to assifin: these }xunu; people tt) selectien1 occupaticnt in uhict tingy had a i iglt diggrcea of itltcttzst, atnl afl3il.it§'. Ithntcixes liat'ing, spthif‘ic Ft‘S- ponsibilitics are high schools, employment agencies, rehabilitiation serviccs and all other vouth social SCtViCU aOcncics. v D International Paper Company Foundat ion Program In 1936 the International Papcr Company, hzrough tho International Paper titunpany l-‘oundat ion , became intt- I‘vS [Cd in as s ist ing local school :7 to improve their instructional p:ograms at the secondary lcvvl to tnstttw‘ mew t tlu: ftllUIIj nctwls tn? inthlstti' atul htnsintws. 'N is lHtL‘F09l was manifested by financial aid to schools ant a scholarship progrzm ll2£*it)dll€\’ I’allnc-r, ”lli.tt 1c hi itt> llotlste LX)ntfo:‘vttct- tn] tjh,llklft‘fl arid, \R)L1tlt," (jtiu11st>lg;: a'n l;\t>! il —>i;n. , 1C93 l) , pt). 1 ~13. -126- ttn lt‘aCflltd J. h, l. llax'is, of zkladfiauui Ptslytt-clntic lnst.itt1tt-,.Atu>urti, :XlzddaHUa, lNiCLan tlzc tn ogrimn ctnurdiltattsr fkir (lll girognvuns in 1er£utsa9‘ Itut>rtvrtwnottt t3rtig“ants MKka‘ eWs talél is31ctl itt lino: St)” Ptlbl.i<: 59c? (H)l,§, 'layltn‘ Ptufilic Scflu>ols. (3amdtlt Ptn)lic Scdnnols, lfiiirxdtwv Ptdvlic Scdniols {Hui Pine E?luff lhflvlic Scluuwls. taunt SChLHJI dctctmtutcd tletliVUCllAfll its [Drouyemt shoultl takv ennl in nunst instgn1Ccs tlwe guithjncv SLW“IlCCS wcrc studied during the first year of thy program. flu: Illlctllatlxjnal Path r (Lvnp;n1y lkwutnjat:iottznathc a {lilalllv $3,230. to be uscd in the first yvar study at Taylor Public Schools. 8 in1i_1511‘ {HHt1Ulll;S, varying> hfiill tlte s lkft‘ (Jf lllt‘ 3C3h()\>1, \Vt‘tt? pr‘t)\'itlctl the othez schools participating in tho improvomant program. Curtis l3a$1c}',ESUpttlJHJQHdenf tnf'layltn‘INHJlic Sclnxgls, dtwwxloprd {ilflJdgtf based on the sum of moncy allocated to the school for 1936—37. Thy items listed below appeared in the 1930—37 'ngbt: A. Guidanco——Uonsultant Services S 530,00 Nattw"ials, tests, tiilcs, tstc. utMl.OO (k)nSL11ta11ts Stu" iCthS, <3thcx‘ fik‘lds 73t),00 Matt-t ials, other fields 300.00 C, tkntfetmuICUs, 1o3rkslugps, 730,(M1 Yisitations (including released timv) . ‘ ,. '. :‘r ”c ,\"123 D, PlLUtiSSltHlal tuqvks 20Lttl, F\ rt:[)t)t‘t (it' titr' [3r t)g)rt*:ss ot~ tllt‘ f it's t §’t‘H r ()f t liL’ I)t‘()§;i nth tlt Taylor Public Schools listcd the following accomplishmcnts: 3* ‘.p . . a - . 1‘3Heport ot iaylor Public Sctools 1.P.‘. loundation Program. (ht n the? filth; of Taylor Public SCltool.~‘.l f—‘ \O \J 1 O“\ l U1 \l C ”12-- l. SeCtn ing std";iCes twf (kw>rgt‘llarrtut, C(nniseltn‘ at Southern State College, to act as consul— latll 1J1 gttidenIC£- fik‘ld «luriltg t he ischtu31 }u2at‘. k) (trientation of faculty in a series of faculty meetings tng;inning,:h1 late Septtmdngr and held EKW:F§‘ {\40 \Ut%:k55. 'lhthEE nuset“i1u;s um? er ctntdtlcttsd by ‘Vlr. llarrod and Mt. Middlebrooks.and dealt \diHl philostqfloxtrf guidance, tfiihwztives for tlte ytra: , arnj tlwe se:tt'irig utv t>f lJltliU‘ltlUéil records. 3. lndixdthurl conferences. tIHNJlty members and Consultants. 4. Setliing'ttp a tnwApostml f1\T%—§U(H‘ test inq 131ogzzin, with plans for testing for the 1956—37 year. 3. Selection (sicl and securing mate:ia1s for files, tes s, etc. 6. Administering. scoring, and summarizing of tlie followingr test s b}' ccuniselllr ("farltn' Sctunwll. Henmon—Nelson Mental Maturity to grades 6,12. California Reading Tests to grades 3 through 12. California Mental Naturity Test to grades 6, 7 , S, 9, ll. SIEA Youth inventory to grades 9 and 12. Arkmntsas (killege? tntrsnmces ngddt’ 12.1:-0 In addition to the activities listed above, a number of Con— fetwkncués \«etté Jelld EH1d él prtggraut of’ schtnnl ‘xisite3ti43n \cas (:ari‘ietl 01H . Sttate Pew sontuil and (Yuitknice ()rgzntizatitut As a result of receiving funds for reimbursement of guidance programs at the local level, emphasis we: placed on the importance ot corntst-lcn s' becnimiltg tnenduetss of‘ the lkmem‘iczni \RiCéatitntal (\s:nvcisltitut. 'lhe ztrkzntsass cluntselt3rs ltad tnaitttaitu d 23 hthtdrtal Pt’tCthl uuunbt» shit) in tht‘lxmtd'iCEHl \1x:atix»na]. Di\'isitNl ftur Ilintf ix-arss brwginttinc in 194€l. 1261bid. —125_ At tiil Arlme a tlistinct txart of the State Departmcnt of Lducation.12/ In 1949 the counselors were llltt'.lll)t‘t5 of two ozganizat ions with emphasis on guidancc-—thc Arkansas Uccupational Information and fluidanCc Association and the Arkansas Vocational Association. As the personncl in tnjth «orgatiizatitnts tn re tlna sanu , thort< artnué stmu+ contWJsion \citl rcspvct to officers for the two ozganizations and scheduling martings both at the Arkansas Education Association‘and at other statv mvctings, Therefore, in 1949, the ozganization of Arkansas Vocationai Association was permitted to die as a distinct organization, although membership \JHS quainttiinctl in tln: tinwt millzical.«Jrgeniizati4)n. ~the «wnc tirggntiztd ion tliat rcnnaintxl, tltc t'CCLJpatgioneil Imittuwnat int] atnl (niidenict: Ax450CIidl iori, ccnttintnmj ti) futuztitnt as tln? scihs CtHHl3tlJJFS' (JigalllYBl ban tHllll l937, when the counsvlors of the state changvd the namc of thvit or— ganization to Arkansas School Counselors and consolidatvd all acti itits witliin tlna flanknmark (W' the tuwv orggn1i25M ion. in ed tvct, tho-t» was tn» chznigc: in txarstntncl , pUtlhlsv ()F lelCllel lH\\)1Yttl in tliis €K31itfll. 127 ”Minutes of Arkansas School Counselors' Confervncc, Vatntr Lodgc, Fetit Joan State Park, Scptcmhcr 17-18, 1939.” fin tho tilts of the Secretary of the Arkansas School Counsclors.l ~129~ rd ;\rkfn1sas l.igh numhvr Lilllt /\ gr‘tiut) trt‘ tJvz‘strrntt-l nu): kl‘l s t :tun a March 1, 1937, at the Lahayettt Hotul irr iht‘ attij of gluidtHlCc {3nd Pcrs onncl SCfltfltilS arnl Cllllt'gt's 'nct American Stflnk‘ ctvnnurn Prtwhlenns l XtTIUl lYt? l)l1t‘Clk)t, Personnvl tliscuss Rock , l0 ptw‘stnincl . Arlliur‘1X. liliChk£JCk, anrd (:UikhinCt‘I\S§(K:iatiAln, tliiCLlSStml tin? nun k rd? tlue Anu‘ricznr and Guidance ASSoCijMitnl. At the conclusion of Artlun llitchcock's talk it was proposcd that this group organize thvmscl us into the and Guidance Association. The votc on the proposal lH the State to ttar perstwnuel orgtnrizatitnis Personnel and Arkansas Personnel American unanimous. lhc first lsrenrch tlf t’he ' srnntul [Asstx3iat.ion (5 \ , I was Arkansas (if tlic exists tnennver‘s iht’rxtk£H15&5 tlfllltfih: P ‘ l'h us the: re \ .v. bcComc were Dyan; anrd (IOLHlSt‘lot n GuidancC Association and tlue ASStCTiatiLHlt)f howmwrl)eans an incongruous situation, since the National Association of home Counselors rtfuscd to affiliate with the American Personnel and yet, lht‘ stattltsrgariizatitnr of \mwnon th ans (lid Arr inx'itatit>n that «Jrgartizat.ion. and GuidanCo Association Guidance Association; state affiliate with the branch of Information and and was exttwuhxl to tle Occupatianual affiliated state to thomc \«ifl: tht state branch of APGA lCtl tr» tlzc 'ntdnbt‘lfilllll ot tlie Al kenrszis {MlidHHCt‘IASSUC— of the and action was taken in 1955 which Cknntscl. iation. :12blxxttt r f1 outllcatt b (:Ullt‘gfi. Idagrnwlia, zArkinisasi, Feliruan y - l 3 to) - l7i> first n « tin; if tlu‘ ncw15'tircaniztwi;X:kans2ns Po stnnu l zattrt iillltlélH(Zk‘ (Asssttc2i:qt it‘ll \vsas llt’ltj j.t)x't4ntdt-r 6 , l 9‘3fi%, irt t?.t- lltllt‘l Marion: Little hock. Hugh Lovctt, Statc Supervisoz of Occupational information and GuidanCs‘ Sez”,‘idt-s_. ant Frank SlL.“-.‘CI‘5. Director ot‘ U J ChlidLHtth anti Ptn3il t4ct‘fiici‘s itt lhk‘ 0ft ice t)f tkjucyitit>n, spidrmst)nrtt-1 attd gttitiaIICt+ \vtxrl< itt tltb st at c of Arkansas} (b) ‘h)nmintahtand bmnoxotnxfrsshuml stautdatsz in tile t iUitl in: pew sinint~l alnl gtiideniCté itt tlie E§lat£‘ tu‘ Ad kEHlSéjS. (c) to Coordinate personnel and guidanCe activities iL the state of Arkansas, fUHCllAHlng thrxnnflt tithvr lunatic or private (sic) agencies. (d) To chouragu the dvvclopmvnt of personnel atui guialancc: act ivitiins thtxwuglnsut Arkansas . 0“ \7 I l -13]; (t‘) it) sczwt- as g} ctwttztil cltwariru; agtticy for intormation portincnt to present tu‘ Conttwnplattxl pbtkhtnncl enhl gtibjanCu programs in Arkansas, (f) To disscminate information and focus public attcntion on legislation in any way affecting personnel and gUid8HCC in the state of Arkansas. (g) to stimulate creatch and experimental acrtixritieks in tht> piflfSUtnltl fik‘ld. (h) lo promote rcscarch in guidance and [M’YStHlHCl \Wdfk, anti in nglattml asteas. 129 In a letter addressed to the mcmbcrs of thv Lxecutivc Council of tlm:lkrkathu1s Perstnnnxl anc1lisl1 a tniok «in cx>lltfiuv—athnissitnts itttottnat'iort tin‘ liiglr sctiotrl Cthn t 1th s t3) To act as a clearing house for rrscarch caving (”I in triglt schrujls atui collt-gcs 129"Constitution of [hv Arkansas Personnel and Guidach Associ — tion: A azanch of the Amcrican Pursonnrl and fluidanCr Association, Va§ 193 Article Ill, St‘C‘lltm I ll‘. lltt‘ l‘lltzs 0f lllt" SUCEt‘lEII‘fU Hit. tit f\tk£HtS(H§ Ptv‘stutnt~l atnj (Hiidxnicc :\sstm:iat iortt, —132— .4) INH\licatiJn1 of :xttu ral stuirCes txn' CUttttSelog g , 13K) / Some of the efforts of the offiCers ot tnis young organization WeliftllFPCitHj touwnwj incrwwksing tine meuflm;rshit) and tn ingitn; intt) the organizatior other personnel groups in the state. The road to the uni- ficatitnttnf the vatdtnhs perstnnngl groups tqutin true stattjtmas a diffififlllt onen Facrttorganizen bin was ttfllUCtaHtt ttitmxrgc will? any other organization Hun night imperil its independeHCe. The Arkansas School Counscdxnds' Association, tln‘1\ssociation of kkmnwtlleans and (huntselors ennl the Arkarnuis Collegt-I%»tsonne1 Assnx3iation RMHI? the flJ"St thrt3e ggrtuips tr) affiilititc \dillt the: Ail £3 local t ("1' t t) Z%( t It lCZtt Lfett‘c , outlining some ot the goals to be set for the program. In the letter, dated KoVember 20, 1946 he wrote: 1. "Hirough (nutteretux> and (liSCUSSlAHl while: traxwaling together, tlu: cleat‘tnuh:tstandilmg was twaached concerning the immensity of the task of derelop— ing an adequate guidance program in the Ll Dozado ll igh School . 2. lhe goals sat up for the year seem clearcut and obtainable . 3. In keeping with my own philosophy and general {Dract icres in tithet‘ SChtn)l$, it stwuns ( sstdttial tltat {Dlatus b€>tnatkr fru‘ eftkactixw: itutiwithial Counseling for erery ninth grade pupil for the pUIIDOjtt of accpiaitttitu; tlte [)Upl ls \Jilll tht: t>tt e! ltlggS itt lilt’ til Iltu'atlt) tliglt ficflttnxl (rut I‘l- cultru. 'Fhe largei‘liiglt sclun315 'liktitil thiradt» offer many opportunities that can't be offered in snmill centen‘s. It‘ is essenttial ttuat stmk. plan be worked out where pupils can have the proper guidance in terms of what they are and what they are likely to beCome in making an ethicatitNIal tylart that seenws sourul at the time it is inathr. llu: t)latt SlH)Ul(l be: Std)jcc:t t1» anty modification that might seem desirable as the student progresses tlnxnufli school. a. In planning ttn ttu3.guidanCe pzxgytmn to con— tt‘it)ut_e tti tlie hKll tairt> (if i)€g;llttllttg st utietit s, l ththk it reise* ttiat thte it Stilt5§ ot‘ a zw3thtt and t1 liable unattal sfl>ility ttust be axzailabltu It seems thgsirable-, as a thirthtw'eaid to twjuca— tional planning, that each student in the ninth grade be given the Euder Preference test and that he be familiar with the results and thei: significanCe. .131 \fl 131, r _ \,_ . H A . , \ lJ‘lltfl. trxun Ultnt t. .wctttight tt> Hrs. : etitiCt-ltatt:. .o min 20, ‘1946 ( hi the t iles td‘ the intior ttigh SClMMJl C(untSeltu‘ ot t l k Horado funioq High School, Ll Horado, Arkansas). R ’K’i —l34- Comments about Arkansas ‘nidancv StrwiCcs Ikfltanna hfillichrtfixwm (M‘FiiHy \{cst Ch-unang, ‘Jisittwlz\:karhu1s fzwvn 1933.132 r ttcttrtnxr‘ 213 it) Lan\«snflicr‘ 2 , .zitiit‘ it] z\tl tfl)$t‘h Kid ihk‘ gllidéanCt? pr‘ogtzmns at tltv Sifilt’ arnl ltscgtl 1(“361. 811d 5sttnlicti tin: \4‘ O Counselor~ traittinc fru3ilitist in ttm) varitnts cgd h gas, ‘HLSS b illicr \Jisittwi Nortlt Littlg- Unck Hiiflt Schtwul, Shim idaltlligh Ekfltool, Itunbar‘ High School, ”‘. C. Corbin High School, Arkadvlphia High School, PEUS— Ck)tt lliglt Scfliorrl, lll, Ax'kznrszas Agricultural, Mechanical and Normal Collcge, Hendrrson State Teachers Collvge and Southern State Collcgv. ka t62r Fe‘tilrltiltg' tt) ltet‘ lttvne iIt (kittna[t}', likfliéiniia \(i_ll iClt \dtctiv an evaluatitnttjf her PXpriCHCUS jJttluJ’ttitvd States in a letttM‘ to the State Supervisor of Hccupational Information and Guidance Services. FJiss Killich wrote: ...In Connecticut Counseling Services was given in EaiflhtSi al 1 tlte scltotrls \JhLW «gas it] At‘kEHISLtS atnj ch)rgi£l it usas Estill. in 'its tuggitnting sstagir, an ardent group of capable lcadcrs are doing thiJ‘ best t1) devclcw)gytidanCt-\mnrk tdtroughgmn those two states... “ Miss Willich was not referring to the quality or the guidance Services she found in operation in Arkansas and Georgia: but rather to how universal the services wers found in all of the high schools of those states, this obscrvcr from Germany dctcctcd, in the short time that she was in Arkansas, one of the major wcaknvssvs of thy gttidzutcc: serwcice s ‘in thc: stzatu. lltis ;)azt’iCtilar‘ hkmfiklu‘§3 \Jiii. be dealt with in greater depth in Chapter VII. 133Counsvlcram (tanuar . 1932), p. ll. ~l33- A seCord visittvg rxuuahi fund, cducational psychologist, l”cderal >thiistrx «d tgiucation, ,wn'Ht Rhodcsia ennl'iyasalatnt,\;isittd :eranswus.tanuargj 15-19, 1962 Eh: visittwi so tJtal higti schtntls and ktt)35t‘l'\'t’(i i1t3k€ Clktllilf§t‘i.(3t'5 ttIDL't'éti tfki. Fit . tittttti ;)i‘t)[)t)est it t () ilfi‘flti tit) tlit: guidance svzvices at the ministzy 1c cl in North Rhodcsia aftcr hc :13tuztied tionux. Rtnialti Gtu>d tiid riot stnrd tyacdt a rcinwrt of ‘7is t“b§(’t~ rations but such a report was madv by a previous visitor, Miss Millich from Germany. Nancy (hfldtfip, salutatorian ti tin: 1938 Presctnt,tligh Schrmd grtnfluatiJu; clasns, deli tuted htw‘ addtt>ss on ttic SinljUCivtflf gtihianctu In the course of the address Miss Culley had this to say: llic \JhtsIE) crnnmtnii_ty is Ftfi§p(HlS iitic fLH' time gtiidehtCt: of youth. A school and its faculty arc just as good as ihtf C(HWHUIlii}' dtflnaIMiS. hi? stdtitn‘s ;1re ik)rttniatt-. (nn‘ Cuflmuntit}’itas {MxJVidtti us ndttt a ctnniscltn’, hid }rni kntnc that on];' 53 ttngns itiikrkarnsas tfl:el tlzat they can afford a Counselor in their high school? ix .1 Fortunatcly PresCott is one of thesc, Prescott Hig v t . . . I bchool has had a CUUHScllng program for 13 years.”4 f§atn2y Chliit}’ CLHlilJIUUCi by these: ibitn; tine t}'pc \Jf gtiid;AtcC {Dio— gram that was availablc to the students at hvr high school. Shy statcd that tin: indix=hiual tkgldcn teas stem ted iJl H18 fiJfSt gradc'enui chnttually winded In) in tlic crunisvlrn"s tdfficc Eli tln- tinn: tho :studtnits il’dChtki iilc st sttitti gi‘atit-. zk st utl}' t)f tire i«:uia'inttcr‘ twf iilt‘ atidr tees ittd ic(:tt-s I: kcett insitfltt LHI tht: part «if tln' stuthwtts hito ttna futu3titnts of EH1 cffectixwx guidatux: progranu L1 . ‘ .gA‘ ' , 09 .V r 13 Ranc3'(3ullcxg (niunstVIUIg BULi 1's Ad turtagcs, tAansclgzvrn (httptc'ttb’et‘, 1935}, 1?. k.) cazeer hays (trit‘ ()f iiit’ tc'citttitiut-s (”H[)]()§ ell ti3; [Haltt‘ t)i titt: Sth()t)i:S ill ;\1‘kearts{rs tti ptn71i13i2t- lhc‘ kn) k «if tlte gguithance: prxrgreuns tuas ihk‘ can eew‘ derr. There is still much Contzotersy trtw' Hie effectiweness of such an extant in tits ccnitr‘ibiititnt tx) tit(' gttid;HICt> serwxict s ()i tlic ltn2al scinrol . .h) adequate defiqnmg has been nwnhl hi its behalf as it) its influenCe on the vocational choices made by Students: but almost eweryone agrees that it does haVe Value in calling attention to what the guidanCc SEH‘TiCCf is attennnting it) do. téhateain‘ walrus carttn' days nuou ha ta, thet‘ L were employed by many Counselors in the early days of the program in Arkansas and are used in some modified form at the prcsent time. Most career days began with a general assembly in which some qualified person spoke ittiiHJ students. Afttw‘ Hie assemblt period the students met with people who talked to them about certain specific vocations. A student would probably be able to attend two or three such meetings on as many different occupations, Hne period in each student's schedule was released to make it possible for the student to meet and talk with representatiVes of a number of colleges. Such was the plan of the- Cattgei‘IJa}r ht-ld eat ill thurathn Scdiotrl (”I At>ri1 23, 19LH5. Seniors in forty—four high schools participated in career days duritu; the sn3ring tfi? 1949. CHiese cxrreer'thsys to re CHJHdLKILtd tut the cann3usE£s of (file (Ntllvgfié atni St”V€H liigtt SChLNJié, SOHH? of the it gh schools ScrlfmiéNSiMWStS for a number «d tthyt schotds= hi Hieir artwm arul (Hie (wilIEfige, iStatt: AggriCLiltUItal anid Fhscheniical Ctrllegg? of Tdagtn>liti.‘ 133“ i w t . tow bouthezn State Loilvgc, Magnolia, Arkansas. -137- St‘fVCLl as ltost tr) thc: stwtitu s \di st fvnlt'PH ltiglt SChtMti§ in tlie {lfvfm thk>lligh Srlnnwi set \xl as tin liost ttn' clc\1ui higdi schtnuls in tin: Countics Uf Polk, Stfl'icl', Howard, lsiliit‘ :Vii‘fkfl', \lillct‘, ial-arc? it, Pike, Hempstead, Columbia and Xcvada, The preceding year, 194:, DcQucen High School scrde as host to schools in the area. Art CLliIt)tl£fil in tht tkirt fSnritlt lit 0:5 hsctn d «if t : idzn., TIa§' 12: 1930 Contained an editorial rid-carding a care-er day that was held at «4 thc l urt‘EQmitli Starioz‘lligh Ekfliool. [ducation, we think, can be of rcal yaluc only when it can be applied to actual living; LVCH if a young— Sit r is teakirn; a r)ur1*ly*"ar ts anrd :scidechf' crnirst . 110' ll ge-t lUUit: (Hll (Jf it if llt ltngr students to fitnttntt enough alVOtJt tins ‘saz ignis PIWJitiiiiitHlS attd \K)C£ll itnis ttr lil\\# that much undctstanding. There just isn't any way ftrz‘ llZE?Ht it) lta3\'t' tlieat 'ntJ(:h (:tutt.éac t xvi ill tlit- sIJtvt s thei” 11 till. hi the \«rrld th the friturc. About the best that can be dour is to gvt othvr ptoplv tt) tell tlumn abrun it. \dtat Lhthfl: peoplt- say iMiS a lot {Dot}: kK'igdtl if tlre "t -llthg" is klOiMf bit Mtdl rflto actually wo k in ihvSt professions and busincsscs. [\Itd 3&5, uu> th lilk i\)Céll st:u«le11t s slttniltl ltgr t‘ lltdlt‘f iik d a lot from yestcrday 5 ”career” day——whcn they in— vited professional and businvss mcn to visit thv S(3ll()()l , {Ht‘Cft tdl,lll lllt'fll, {llhj t (~l l lllt‘fll alac>t1t tlitair jobs. Such contacts should help all tic students-— and it"s just EMJSSibltf Ute ViSidtJfS lcazrntl 502v— tliing [HWJ about tin: probltnns of itnnnzstcrs, zalso. Roth gztnnvs should txdngfit frtmltln: expcrichEu 136”.\1aking tducation Practical,” Fort Smith Timcs ktcord, X\I\ (Friday, May 12, 1930), p. u, ~135~ Stictr ar‘ti121t-s arptx'ar‘ing‘ in tht: 14JCfll rJa;x rs prwryitletl tfiCt‘llkdll EanEIdLlSQHkfltl (u? the. purtx>ses «of tin: guitlancea prcggrams in tln: sclnrols amrd zalsts actexl as ea mtmurs rd’ reptn ting rut tht? actiiyitiass rd? the counselor to the Community. A number of local papers print ”back té :sclrot)l” eclit itnrs tttat: Listual.lyr czar: y strvr‘ie:s r eggarxlirrg tln: *car‘itnis departnuuits of ttm: local smflumnl and chsscribiru; some tdi the yuurk dtnn: in thtfiflf departquwrts. Summary At In) time in thc:l1istory of tin; guidarmx> seryices idrrsrkansas tras there Lunar any preSSLHI: from arns source to CELEM: local sctmuils to establish programs of guidance. A permissive attitude has pre— vailed at the state leyel and accrediting agencies have not categori- cally required the inclusion of a guidancc program as a requirement for accreditation. the philosophy that has governed the guidance services has been to wait until the administrator of a school requests the ser ices from the State Supervisor of Occupational Information and Guidance Services (nowthe Director of Guidance and Testing SerYiCtSl and indicates a clear understanding of the objectives and requirements for such a program. Thus, while it Cannot be reported that every public school has an organized guidance program, it is felt by those who have administrative authority at the state level that the pro— grams that do exist are much more effective as a result of the care taken in establishing the programs. -l39— The idea of ”selling“ guidance to the local schools has pra- (f. ’1‘: t \zailcwi frxxn ttma llflk‘ th6*(lccrn)ati1nral littorwuitirnt anrls. (nrc :C{lS(Hl ftrr tire fewu tn'oga‘awrs trf Eiuitlarnse in Arkans’s is the permissive approach and philosophr. Further, it is tleie\tui by tlque [WESptfllslblt‘ ftn‘ th(* dexw:lopirm; of tin: guitkNrCe serWJiCtfis irr Arlsan:urs tlrat ttrrio.z3 gtuul jtd) irr crunrstl ing £3 per son rnust -1uu_ haxx? SvaiiiiiZLmi traijling aini'nust kthUik‘ full I bnc ti; ihk’.iub, ;X1- tfnnnfii the lack in {money is simnw'hmas gi on as a ieuunul for not vs- tablishing guidance serriccs, such a condition docs not prchnt largc uxpcnuiiturmis fcn‘ athlx tics enni athlthic fkuzilitiens. hflnwi schinyl ad— I u1i11i_st:r21t«ni‘; allii [)aI‘UIIt'S s itiCa:z‘e].}r \Jalli [ilt‘ :éi'rs'i(:e inf'fe:ri:d t?ixxwiic?i U} a sguiihanCe3 priugraui, minn y xvill. be: fcnnid t() p1crride* sucfli Si» ViCka. l acfi scflicnwl iiass bin n f7thr tc) dt?ffli(3p its; gLJidEHICt‘ plljthim ro best suit its own situation within the limits set by the Siate Depart- mcnt of Lducation. Such limitations were primarily in the area of use (M5 the counselini's Limc, aduqiwflxziaffice spaCe ikn'le, an exwiluation «d7tdtat is tun isioncd 2n;"incidcntefl.gulhlanCv.” difficulty of such an evaluation would lic in the diifusion ot and the absunce of planned, organized procvdurcs. ln vicw of obstacles and abiding by the . . , . 137 ‘. - dtfiTinixl in tltapLQW‘ l, trtis (fltap of tho organich guidance programs schools of Arkansas. tictfittit‘itJn (3f a QUL'BHCU program ti it‘l't) t‘t? ti trtv t.i‘it’ ttfl~ \x’i 11 bt’ in thy local to conduct 'l‘i't‘ ElCil if "i l isk'fi such as uvaluation tiix-SIHJPOYltwl purd ic Consideration will be gchn to how effectively the adminis— trators, counselors, teachers. I ptxygrzmns it] AJ‘kéNtseas giro vnct‘titn; the bust of the educational processes to cValuato because of of obtaining Concrete evidchc. sucti as ‘thc lUfLH“natllflt sutfsicV, ianNIt015’ sctwcicV, ? n-3, Supra, in). pupils and parents of conditions Counseling it‘HLl iilt'qlfi\‘1‘ft‘ fuel ttte Itetuls ot? tltc stttdt nt s. is pciduaps inn? of ttufitnost the HQWchr, other tin: f()lltu«—tn) Set“ lCt s [llttl‘t‘ t‘t%zati i_1 }’ t't) t‘\'L!1.Ll£:T i ()11. -141- k]i_f‘l and t“c thy guidanCc [illtitt‘ icult ttiftfiCLtltx guiihntce SLWWJlCtS, initivithial -142— Some of the aspects Considtwixl.ht U.e evaluation of t"e guidanCe scwwsicvs sire ccnntscltn‘~reltuasud tiun~, ratit)INinls, pupils' use of counseling facilities, teachers’ use of guidanCe ser- \-iCk‘5, athxqttacgs k)f <)ff’icLJ tiaci_lit'itas :ntd a ttunflvez‘ of’ ot th‘ tlxqtllft”netlls. Atnc eosaltiat'iott of' tin: (Affk3ct,i\tdte§ss ()f thtl glllJEJHCL9 St‘h\'iCkf5 WHJSl teu ligtt \d:ica itnlicates that' tre (I jCClWLUCS L”: tlne gUlAHJHCQ? set Jices {are tn ing nu t. "Cuithince ServiCes, like many others in education, are still offered largely . l i . . 135 4 r ,. on the basis of Lope and taitr.” One reason for tnis lack of con— crewta €\d¢h3nC(‘(3f tli? efftuztixmwuess (3f ttn; gtfixlanc ccntsith r Itot st>tnucf* £25 to evaluate but what to assess. Some of the items used by lnTvSl“ igattn‘s it] the C\131U8lllfll of gulbjancezsaervicgfis are tin: lOlltfl€lHQZ (a) persistence in school and post—high school activities, (b) perthurnuntcc in c<>llegt~ or ()thL' edtu2atitutal undertakings, (c) students' grade-point a crage, (d) C\%3lLH]ti(nt by (:litWIt t3f thidantce tjfft’rllflls, (e) changes of goals or interests, 138 r. . r . . a .p. . . i t‘cntrt l\. Ft. littlllllt‘}' aartd (,a 11. 1‘. l'E3F\dt‘l l , l l\‘ t \‘3 ltizrt itwn t»t ttex'ietq t>t l tfllCéltlJWHéll Rt St a: c? . .0 (h1id;u1c«: atnj Pew sodstt+in atullkustiti l. (h'igg, 'XIlitwtt Sat is- faCllJHl, Cknntselcn's and LXanseliJu; Prtmx>sses."'fiie AHKJFlCEHt Per Htflnvl and Guidance Journal. X\\l\ (September, 1939), pp. l9~24. Analysis in [valuation of Counseling.” The American Personnel and Guidance Journal, XXXY {DeCember, 19563, pp. 231—233. >nrv R. Kaeskowski and John W. M.hothney, ”Discriminant V ~14Q— This lack of agrccmunt on mthods, ptuCchFvs and critctia to: t3ae CKYIanl ion «if gttilentct= 3c:“ciCtn< irnlicatt-s t .at t‘t’ pztflulcntttf craluation has not yct been SOled. 'Ntc t ructbnn «fl: thk‘ titlintwl CCHMlSCl()T ltlt)pCIY}iB (n1 tfi‘fuct ivb I counScling program depends upon a numbcr of factor . Ulunn V. Smith it] Ctulnstrlittg in tat? Saw:ornlar§* Sctxuol. hzts t? is It) sat» rtgiatwliltg 1?.i5 point: .’ltftwrttlneatt' y, tltis sitllatricnt is Itot altca3'3 the fault of the coun5clor. Some administrators place tin: bvlplcaxs counStdtn‘ in thC‘21wle of ant— ministrativc aaaistant and keep him occupied with routinc clcrical duties. checking attendanCc, Jig- Cipliln“ and tnlu3r similtn‘ reaptnhsibilitit€;\flzich [)laccs ltrn in ttut antmutlous FMJSitlJNl of tnring CounSclor by training and title, and the school's "handy—man” and ”chief mopper—uppcr" by adminis— trative assignment.la2 With few exceptions all of the Counselor: serving in the public I schools of Arkansas are fully Cvrtificd by the State Dcpartmcnt of f‘ducation. A few Counsclm‘s are pel‘llliilittftl to bcgin work in a school although they do not haVv the full coursc requirements. HUWC“vr. tivy mLkSt quake th ‘Lht‘ def iClthC}'l§illtifl tht: ptfl'ltml of ()Ht’ yuan . lltus, practicall}’éill Ute counsvlcn sin Arkansas all’khflflnud compvtont t<» pcrform the dutivs of a Counselor according to the Arkansas standardr. However, many extenuating circumstances can prcrcnt the compvtent CculnStelcx‘ ftKJWt pct ftn‘miltg gas tffftfllii\\‘l}' as; ht2 artntltl. lot), tiing conuDIetealy th‘tifitut is I“) irulicat ban ttmat tlu: C(untscltn' i; clunpcttwtt tC) pcw'fornt the tiecemsaart' furuztitnts. l42 Glerntli. Smith, tjjun5v11tn; in tlur Suctunlary Schtudl :Nvu’\1wrk: lhc Macmillan Company, 1936), p. 37°. —l&3— An t’t’ft'ctix't- guidancv program will by re-t‘lvctvd in liik' bo. axhio: ot' tht: stwtdcttts in tail 5c (tol , kdnicit intlicatt~s nutxiwnrn gtt)wt3‘ athl duvelopmvnt. Some of thv indications ot an effectivv guidance p2ogram eart> ftwucz‘ scdttxal 1(13kaf3, itfikk r SCllOlélSi ic félllljft‘fi, inuJ'xircwl {tltLdldéinCL’ and effective occupational and educational planning. lvaluatilutcuftfiuidance Programs in Arkansas Public Sciools As inttdusi c VVBlUHlltHlt)i thv guidanc<>tnxugzams in t l thkansas tJutJlLic sczht)tuls hats ittit léilt’d itt .‘attugir§*, 1.9732, arid umas C(Jni iltUt‘d uttti l l)cccnnbutg l931t. At.'thatl tiuue tin) act ion td‘ tht- Sttitc leafkl of l ducat ion zwgduCtml the? suptwwcisotyr staff‘ to tiur ptddll ildli fin thtw' exézluatituts wcxxs [nut t\.asil)lv. {X itltal t)f titirttuutint~(\rkantsa:s 5ClH)UlS iiatl bttdl U\Ylluattul when tho action of the Statc roard of Lducation brought thy evaluations t t) EBIt (Jllkl it] ilk C3L”Hl)t?l‘, l 9 31;. tht: p)r(>c:ctlttt‘s f t>r ntal< itti; tire: (“Ceiltléll l()lt$ was to rave a Committcc CompoScd of thy State Super i5or of Occupational lttfttrnuat icnt atul titlitlallCt‘ E§c1:\'ictss attd a t 1t‘859l l\¢k) C(wuttat~ltgt' tz‘a ilhft s h) spend two days in tht school bring cvaluatcd, the scnools Sclcctcd . . 143 to be evaluated usually had from two 111011111? to a year to pupa: c for tho «Valuation. Thv firat stcp in thy evaluation was for onc of t?:t- C()UllSt‘l(H‘ t ra_int rs ttw kn ilk} ea lt'tttw“ it) tht- attpt~ritttcdtdtltt atnl Ctuntselt)rs «if ilm' scttutl St lccttwl. tu)tif}fing tlufln td‘ tht‘ plarnn d twttl— uation and asking that they sclrct a datv that would be aurcvablc to them. A letter to HoracV Hubbard, COUHSVlUV at Hope high Sc?ool in 1952, contailuwl the fOllxndhlg informatitnu 143. . ‘ u . a . l . . a tin rlus C, bKH\“m%Ll. ling\£H1 traluatikx‘(,:itcria tt)l‘»aluatt 'gf. ScflHDOl (Tuitbtnc<' 5(W‘JlCt'r, " lht‘ Stdaotrl CtuntstVlorg \l (lttct~nbtw -146- ..At a reCent Counselor—l 0—. ‘ainers meeting kit‘ the State Stnxdnxisor plans wwww~nunh: for the evaluation of schools with guidance programs during the scnool y**ar l952—53. \onr school was selected in mv area to be one of the four to be evaluated next year. Would you please take steps to be ready for the evaluation by looking over the Criteria ftn‘IQvaluatitnt (sic) (niblance Ihxxgrams in Secondary Schools, Form b. if you do not have a copy of the criteria drop me a card and l \cill setnl vcul otn’. Also, if you have a preference on a date for us to be in your school let me know, As }T)U kttot: tltetxa \qi ll bté titxwge: uuzndaet s (in t‘te evaluation Committee and we will be in your school approximatelv two daysuulmi This t?irst letttn‘ to the (mainseltn‘,tcith C(u3bss beitn; sent tt) the superintendent of the sc?ool and tie State Supervisor of Occupational Information and Guidance Services, was actually a follow—up on Con er— sation that had taken place in the Course of tte counselor trainer's regular visit tothe sc ool. Later, more specific information was re— layed to the counselor in order to expedite the two—da} visit of t;e evaluation Committee. Typical of this type of letter is the letter to Horace Hubbard just prior to the visit of the evaluation committet ..,'fltis is ‘plst a twflnindew‘ that (How‘les (thgreheatl), Mr. McKnight, anll will be with vor the 23—2Q of (lctxnbt-r fcu‘ t‘ie tavealuEttitut t)f LhL’ ULJleHlCt‘ St: a'iCces in :UOUI‘ sclnnol. t \eill t)ffer‘ sonny stu;ge:stif (HlldéfllCt' arul lesstirn; Se?“ iCk'S. Little Rock.) -110- Mt‘lCill llVKKl ytnr' SliMJFiIHk‘HdKWll atnl p lit— cipal lJttQil“ us ftn'time section tugghtning on page 2 and running tn ouch page 5. this section xvi l l l‘t“(lllil‘t' fr tint l T t t) 2 Ftt>ttt s l() czctn1i>lt t t‘. He would also like to meet with a cross— section of the faculty so we can evaluate the US(‘ thca tcvachtw‘s quake» of‘ ‘H&' set 'iCt-s t? at ease atailable. in ttma past YHOSl schtxils ?¢ixc EMJltClel the Whfiflfl301‘3 (Jf tEte St.ut]etit Ct>utic.il it) 'nalt each item. tum rmflnber of the committee assunuwl Hay responsibility of writing the final evaluation report. rack final evaluation rcpirt It” iewed tln9 purposes (d7 the totiluation. .Hn) lHlFUdUCllJHt to tie final report of the Hope High School Fvaluation Contained the following statewnwat: lQSLOttot from George H. Ha rod to Horace Hubbard, hctober 14, 1952. (lti the t iles (Hi the 1)irecttn‘ of tjuitknice atnl test.ing SL““¥lCUS, Litt 1e. tock.) —145~ 'Ihc- v\1!]U£ilj(H1 «fi‘ ifx/ gliiJéHICL' sex”:ick s in iHApv Hign Srfl‘mml was. made with scirur‘al (,)L>"|L-cti‘.\-s in mind. Awnng thrm: 1. Tu pruvidr the adminis— tr‘at_ikn1 \uitti SLH;;A St itHIS fx>r imIDrgrxir1g Lhk’ ngigi— anew 5rwwxic65 tL)t‘x: studvnta gnu] try C(mmun1it3; 2. lg) prcu'idt: f«n' chlf—trgaltm3tign1 «n1 thL‘ pax t 01' thL: C(HJHSt‘Iflrl 3. IX» accpJaiJlt z&¢)rcs‘wltat in g rx)u135 L)f tE1c st Ukjtlll. 1chiy axld. 51 at f u1it71 Lila glliti- £N1CL' 5(3T\'iC\>S av ai lat)1L- alnj 1‘) pt)th (n11 \aa§ s t :os(~ SrrViCtS may be of vaIUU to them. WT is 51.UkLV \qi].1 in ”(3 xua§* IX‘PIIJSKW1[ a r‘at imlg ()f the gnlhjancC seww ices in [hunrlligh ScrouI as ccmv- pared with the svrvices in other high scinuls in the statv.1u° a \{E;a:11L x L’!‘ I)k)5 s it)] t‘, 1)é3I‘t*I]t 5 irx tiic3 (3()H1W1L1H it y' \«g'r t‘ Tvv'L11;;?>t it1t <> (a tilt: (:x'a 111:1t i<)11 \c itll t};c‘ }1«»L)xl t1Lzat IEL:()LJ‘}: tlwe i: hujf’k.il1;; ill 111‘. (az'a 1L131- :7 tion aaxnnxx: Cgmu)rchuld t)c~ t)1‘L)L1g;I1t éit)‘)Ll[ it] t E:t* C2()n1QlLlIl ilt §'. I‘?1r‘<)11g;?1 t ¥1ce n1azxi iLJrn ()t‘ ;;:'(>11[) (:L)II" fk32‘t3IICIt'S \J it I: t'e‘eac211c‘r'5 :311gi 5 tlJalel1t & ea f)L»t t«: r Llllklr‘l‘j'téfillki ir1g; (>f Ii‘a- s‘arx'iCxes x)tf£}ftwj !)y the: gllid{H1Ct* [)r\4;rau1 hula liXI)UCfttki Ix) z\*51111 . l axe, the evaluation was intended as a means of in—servicv training of staff and students. Physical Facilities Otua of tha- rcqtyircumnrts ea pLflylic sch‘ual nulst {Hvtt in ()rdkw' tn» t SILaIDI‘isii a rcrinfi3u1‘5\rd gLJiLiaIICET [achgz'an1 M%}S ty) p1 U\'ik19 a pr‘ix'atee ()it’iCta for he Cf a (2tnitisteltit" s cwfi‘i CtJ iDLIi Ct)Ilt itiut-d tti tirgie tliat iii athlit itnt t«) titc Ct>utistf1ot"s «wft‘ict , ispzact: be- p:x~x'idtul fcn‘ an CHIiEl'k)ifiCH whvtf? inftnfinatdhinal tnattw‘ials inight tn: u>d1ibittwl. l§heere tlu: L)Ui(?T (dff'iCt) félCl_1l,tix‘S ictw'e ttot ctuisitlvt‘ytl akhcqllaik‘, some specific suggestions were madv in the final evaluation rcpor I?l lilt‘ t”féi1tl{3tl (H1 ct>ntw1it ttjC rootmmwdnhui that fix: Inimigennnit of tlie C(HfllSci(H"5 rd fiCE'(:UU1L1 be inn)roved lnv placiiu; a paid ition st) that tine prescnit txgom hunild CtHISiSi (d? a C(HUISPlCH"S oft?icU arnl an outer room with tables for displaying occupational and educational materials and could also be used for individua1.lxasting. Stmfli an arrangcanwtt would [nxvxidv privacy in Counseling.1u7 zkn enCOLn£uging facttn‘ ralatixx* to tlm: suggestixnhs contaitnwl in tin: EKIJIUBIlAHl rt1x3rts \c's tin: getngral EQCCtflJtaIKhs of Hlv Siniavst ions tn] the part't)f the adwfltiistrators ennl thcit‘eattvmpts tk) bnprovc the tahxisical. fac:ilitiivs. Ftn‘ EXEanlt‘, tile znhnittistztatru‘ of’ tht: Caunlen lliglt FCiH)Ol liad the: anniscflot"s qtuartcw s C(xnpltdttl\' reunirktii tht’ sunmn’r fk)11Lfiding the tnxaltnition. Kiwi UH13’tiid lie ccnww ct tfur dtdficitdu3ivs 233 seen by the evaluation Committee: he ptOYldbd other plysical facilitiws that uwre needed but had not bven suggvstcd. “*7 lbid,, p. 3. _ 1 3t)— Administ r at i‘\'\‘ (sis to: tic ("Tuidanct‘ Prom am A po:tion of thc two days spcnt by tlv «valuation Committct was allocatt-d to pt-riods of t‘liscussion with titt- S‘ll)("i‘i,illUllklt‘llt and the principals. l’lw purpose of this p'asv of th- m'aluation was to arrirc at s is. t cd or hoped t'f'at svra'iCt-s. (iui School fcat ur‘cs $t)’.ltc' unde-rstandinc; of th ohst ruc t t-d t o dc tea "mitn c dt-gtcc to which t‘::t‘- administrators as- thc counst‘lor in his work. Also, the Cuttltlllllt't: if iilk‘ administ rators llt‘id to a philosophy of guidanct- would proa'idc a good climatt' for the opcrat ion of Hit: guidancp ln tln: tinal report of l'llv tir'caluation of the Hope high dance Program, the following wt-t‘e listcd as “C(t'll'llt‘lltlt'tl l. lhe administration indicated an active intc est in thy p:ogrcss ot thy guidance program by dc— '..'otin§.-; a largc part of two days to the work of the ta l uat inc commit tve. The Counselor's office is advquatc as to size and location with rcspcct to the administration officcs, availability to pupils and staff mcmbvrs. in s a l lowed counselor ’l‘hv administrat ion the time off to attend state meetings and continue stud; during tht- summer months. Infortttation from t'i‘c majority of the pupils in— ¢‘,, LHO dicatt’s an awmrnoss and appt't'-ciati<“wn of value of the guidanCt- SCI‘X'lCL‘S pt‘ox'idt-d for i-Lt‘lll. has t'ri Counst-loz' Flags ,and morc t‘ectfn t 1 _\', 'I'ht» administration in providing tiart-vr Coopcrat ed with c C81‘t"c.‘ Forums. of illL‘ mtmhtt ins igh t , to coopx'z‘al r" _. guidance (l lCaiL'd scrvicc A numbc r sliowt-d of illt' f8Cllli}' llll't‘f“.’it‘\a't'tl anding, and a disposition Contribute to and bt-ncfit by lit‘ At the time to work more closely with thc v at ct‘ lu'ltcf it 5 .143 3 ; underst st-i".'iCt-s. in— the and s ame t he y turd o r‘ 1() bl St'CUi‘C‘ 148 lbicl., D. —131— thic!‘ tht: hvzhlitn; ”thnistt uct ifixa Sinigtistitnis f4): t'nu!«)Vc u nt" a tntmtn-r of specific annoysstions wwwt1t\)nnulatrd atnl hlltudUCLwl\diHl this statvmunt: 'Eze fkbllondtn; suggwnstions att- gifikdl in tlué hvlict' then any gnu? of tlmnn aCCtQJtcd ennl catt‘icd tnn_tuould intrreaast- tltc tsftk ct ixtnicsss «if lht‘ gtlhjENtCt‘ st-rx'ict: in the Hope High School. " U) the committce Considers the intcggratimnt of the gguidzntcc saw":iths intt) the total program as of prime importanCc in this evalua- t ion . 149 lhc specific suggvstions that followed the introducto:y stato— ment were based upon suggestions made by tcachcrs, pupils and mcmhcrs of tlte CLflHUllli(;€ . lhtz stigggast ikHlS dt’al l \(illt lJlClJldk“d iht‘ ftilltnvittg: l. Encouraging the usc of pupils as memhcrs ot guid~ atict: Ct)HlHlll ttet>s itt titmit‘r tt) ticxucrlt>p a bt‘l it‘h utnjet'stzntdittg t)f il‘t (Jh‘h9Ci ixw»s (at thk‘ gllldEHlCtt SCI“CiCEAS. (Q A ssystxanat ic eapprwJaclt to ti1v ()litdllfli ion L)f tlu3 staff‘ to tlu: philtfinwpht'tniderlt'htg tluk guidance program so that they may bvttcr undcr— stand tlu? services entailable t1) thenuennl how Urey nmo'cnnttributtr to tin) effectiAta opczatimni of the guidance program. 3. ’Hie tise id? gtxgup 1)roceulurtws it) acthaittt llu pupils and staff with the guidance program. a. fncoUtage participation of thc counselor and staff in carrying on research activities. Ul the provision of adequate clerical help so that the cinniseltn‘twnild tn: frvcd tdxyn :tun.htc cltd ical ‘h>bs. 6. lttcltisitni ot’ ftntds latnxlctl ch' guiihanch stw'— ‘CiCrS ill lie gennaeil schtnql hudgtd .190 149 [bid.. pp. 2-3, 1°01bid., p. 3. ~132- leaCVer {valuation of tie GuidaHCt Program ‘Nua accijJtance tx‘ rejt13tion tdf the guiidance:g)rog:;vn by tin? teachers can exert a tremendous influence on the attitude the pupils will assume toward the program. As many teachers had nth: Come in contact with a guidance program as a student and had not taken guid- ance courses in college, the conference between teachers and the eval— uation committee assumed great value as a meats of in—serviCe train- ing. Not all of the teachers in any one of the schools evaluated were included in the cinferences. However, the committee talked to as many members of the staff as were available at the time set aside ft)r ttgaclnrrs' canifexwancxas. Stxne ()f tdte strxong 1)Ollll5 ()f the gguithanct‘ program as identified by the teachers were the following: 1. llne counsedan‘ does ettkndtive hKUl< in the a:t%3 of occrnxational and educational information. 2. lhe student autobiographies are valuable sources of infor— mat ion abtnit tin: pinvils. 3. llna counseltn‘thmas effectixt>tmark witliIMinls uiuik:awe ennxti4)n£al aWLl ethican ltfllal ptwnblinns. 4. The counselor does an effectiVe job in counseling. 5. The counselor does an excellent job in assisting the pupils with their schedules and educational progress. 6. The Counselor's training an] ability is highly respected by the Staff. ‘K‘ .65 «133— Edit all (d"the CKWHN%115 b; tlu: lCaChtflfi reflecttwl the Sltkdlglhs of tin? guidance tmxngzam in tlnsliigh schtuwls. Some ti tln tnifavo able (nmnmtwtts rd? the ttxactnar g:\)ups \uere' the fkylltuqing: l. The testing programs in many of the schools were given without consideration of sequenCe and overlapping. 2. The Counselor should have more time available to acquaint new teachezs with the guidance program. 3. llue crnniseltn‘ stnsultl prrh'ide the EfljmlllistlfftOrS éfltd faculty with more of the information available in her office about pupils so that more consideration could be given trinuxlification of the curriculunu Pupil Evaluation of the Guidance Program A “Pupil ‘valuation of Guidance Program”151 check sheet was developed by the counselor trainers and the State Supervisor of bc— cupational information and Guidance Programs in SeCondarv Schools, Form P. The usual proCedure was for two members of the committee to meet with a representative group of the pupils of the high school and have them respond to the eighteen items of the questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, there was a period of free discussion in which the pupils could indicate what they thought was good and \diat was run: so good atunrt the guidalune program. lluq'taare encouraged (ll to offer suggestions to remedy the weaknesse rGeorge K, Harrod, in 132 at] a1“ticle: that; arqmaartwl in lflm> Sc HM)1 tYquSCICH“ liSltHl stune 131$tW?1%ppetnlix r, t), 203. 132(1eorge M. Harrod, “Pupil Attittnhss toward counseling Programs lextdtzkrkanszfis Publix:;ls, ' iflne Sctmnxl Ctnuiseltn‘, \ll (livCeufiW’V ), pp. 33-33. n E 939 HH- -13u_ slnlgcmstilHIs fk)v lJHPIXYUVHM’HI «wl thx' EllldallCt' p «)pzrnns in lllC (‘lufk H \, high schools included in the study. lfic supgustiuns Wt w: l. Nuye and laruyi classvs in uccupatiunal inQl— {natixui axnl 111 sgmn‘ irustancg s rvqllizitul crawlit ill [nt‘ CLHJYS€F to an vl’ gzénluat lull zvqlxirewwwlis, 2. ’Théat Sllldt'nl s it] tllc Sieviw1tlt gr axlv SllulllLl 31axx: nun}; Contact \cith tlu: CUUHStitu‘ hi Urdu! 11) plan their high schuol program, 3. Piwfi'hhs detailnml«explanatiluillf all stennhazdi2vd tests. 4. Fkire Illfornuatilnl abcnit th£} a €1l]al>llll§’ of ~jobs, \fl . More time Should be pi ()‘x‘iLled for HIV COLIHSC 101‘ it) (3()UllSt:l \u' tl1 tl1o 5e {lit}: 3. llarly' SL'Illkll s Séiikl that they felt confustd after short conferechs. 6. All.‘teacluw s sn(nild hue bGIlQT infurnuml abouti the SCI”KlC£f§ a {ailablaz thrlnnui lhE"QlethCt' prlg1ram. Nany pupils vxprcssed the opinion that some te:aclu rs bnplwh d tlxc hm)fk (d‘ lhk‘ CtflHlStl(H' be-— cause of such lack of undvrstanding. 7. lknw; OfiFlCL’ Spa(x9 privuidiul flu: llH? C(HHIscltu' [0 incanh) precautions fcn [y i acy during inttv'ii'Vik‘Vx": . 8. llus cinnlsclln‘ Shtfllld cumyratu) al pCITDJdS (if the da;. Many pupils stated list when the C(flMlSt“lO[‘llakl otllci‘ dlltit s it k%15 FM‘aCt icaall; impossible for swm of the pupils to gain linn: for 811 intcrxdxna. Knot] thy cinn1sclin‘ had free time, the pupil was in Class.])3 YR a luatiinl llmwdugllfSupc:w'isi«u1 'Hie Sin)et“cis<)r§r st! UCllJYt? 0t lhk‘ gllldENlC(' pixn; an} at 1hr; steatv IQJXE31 xqas «lessiglu:d lC) prxvvilh; &”fallJ8l lOll al(n1g \«itli otller‘ stQDVIWJis«):a ajllt ith . llle steatc' Sllpori'l5()l‘ 311d tlle cl>uI1sx'l(n‘—tx‘a:inxu s Ull tlwv vav it‘Uf 1331bid. «133— College campuses carried on a Continuous “valuation of the guidance programs in the schools they visited. Thc'e was no effort made to I arik_ 01H? §;UjllalN36 pexigx'aWI at3o x: zintwthtsz' prxigr'autz 3n3t tlie ret)or‘t «if visitation made by each counselor trainer was in effect an evaluation of‘ thtz prtugraWixxisittml. } acli ctuniseltir itelinct twas tiree‘ tr ()tgallizv the reports of visitations as he desired, although some of them fol~ 1(n4etl a :sct‘ plant ftn‘ rthorl ing. tfltar‘les (j. 3h)rt4;catl, CLHJnéfi‘lUI‘ t ailttt at.Arkansas Pcdtliwflinic College thnsigned a ”Counseltu"l:aine:'s Visita- . "154 . . . teatLitni Rt pt): t at itzh “was u55etl l>y a niiuflier‘ (>f ttte C()U[lStfl():‘ t_rzait1et‘s. The: repcn t wasztlividtwl inttw niH(?iSUCil(HlS de+aling teith [\dnflJliSttfiliVe leadership, Working Relationship in GuidaHCe Program, Physical Facilities, Individual lnventor}, Counseling, Occupational and Educational Infor— mation, Placement and Follow—up, Research and Remarks. A number of items were enumc:ated under each heading and ratings were given as Excellent, Satisfactory, Vnsatisfactory or Not Present. lhe reptnts were made out in triplicate with a copy going to the State Supervisor cfi?()ccupati¢nual lnfcunuation and thiidanCe+E3ervices, ea Copy ti) the COLUlSGlJDE atkl a cuipy rxétairuxl bt' the: cotuiseltn‘ tteainern Summary It liaes lh)t l7QEH1 tlte inte nt i(flt (3t tht' atllllOl‘ it) inn)l}* tltat ”Ll evaluation of the guidance program has taken plaCe eXCept that carried on by the evaluation committee. To a varying degree some type of evaluation is continuous in all of the schools. Most counselors carry "u, . bee Append LY. , ~130- on some sort ot follow-Up ot school leawv:s and graduates, An ex~ Celltutt exauuyh: of t? is is tuwzk dtflh‘ b; ttn- Counstdtrr at tlgrdy t ltieh SClHfiUi , Fun ie (Zaslt. Fliss tjaslt'naijttaiJis z: ttilltuc-Lu; td' ttu* sttidtwtts at lHDrdthilligh Sctunil for a tuu‘iod tu7 ten §t13f3 afttw‘ Hiey letvw— the school, Man} other counselors maintain this same sort of contact with ft» uu*r Silet‘Hi s. The evaluation Committee found that in general the pupils of the tiigh sctuxnls with ctnntseling tutwgrams kWt\‘\MJl1 inftnnuwl about tlm' StW”TiC€S axiailable ll) them tlut>ugh tlu’ progranr \{ith time exc:¢fl.ions tlie txaaclugrs \vermk CtHlSCiA)U5 \‘f tlte \caltie zind llctml of~ tht- pzxugtaqt but ec dt¢;rec> of‘ pinulitzitt' gixx n 'tht~ G\Yaltulli(flts in iht’ loc;al (HDMHHJHII ies Ht‘lptwl i() b: ing, tht-IDrtugraut betkwre llt’ cit izrwts ()f tlie (:ouvnuriittz Some ttntwy years after tlu: last evaluatilwi, ULe State Stuxwwrisor «I (lcc1uxatienual Inftntnatitni and (hiidancL'EflkrviCLuStnade tln: folliucing quDIy tt) 8 lxittew‘ ft(mtt hat 1es t}, Fmireluzad: i feel that this is one of the test pieCes of work that twe ha\t‘tl0n(' in Atluuisas lt‘ bnprtrt* the (pialitt‘ of guidanCe services. he are still furnishing ”airth thuitral (hwwnitttw s witl: final t valuatitut re- ptirt s. ’lht)y* ar'e ltitdg tlic €\JaJJJ t ing; ttéa"1, llte innutxwveanettts rentgt> ft‘out more adequate otfiCe space to better Counseling scfliecluleas, imiiroituncttts in t)CCHJpEYii(Htal atnl ethicxi- tionalt inttnwnatitni, betttw‘ budgtdging ftn‘ cuithanCe mattm‘ials, atnltnant (Mlun's.1”3 cs Morehcad stated in an article published in the School DGCembet, 1938 that :..lf the administrators and faculty members Could hate tun] Hiis iH—iEWWJiCe ttwaining stunnnfi, and periodicallxg inir guidBHC£*&%?WJiCeS Could have made more proczess. lhis method of evaluating guidaHCe services was systematic in—service training and an interpretation of the p:ogtam to faculty and ad— ministrators who can do much to help the program or clrag tlieit‘ fect . If tlu> tacuilty atul adnlinistt'atrn s hadn't receiscd this training during the evaluation it \Joultl ha\£§ taktwitnantrrnontlis ftn‘ thtwn tc» absr, 1938), p. 8. CHAPttR Vlt lit)ttt;l,T§fil l‘tJLEEXIZI) itltg liiv'l"f}1lf Introduction the preceding chapters hare dealt with the growth and develop- ment of the guidance services in the I‘nited States with special at— tention being given to the origin, growth and development of the guidance services in Arkansas. Because of lack of SpaCe, it has been necessary to omit much of what has occurred at both the national level and within the State of Arkansas 'he work done by Dolph Camp in the area of guidance has been given a prtmtinent place in the history of the, guidance set".-'ices in ikrkarwuas due tc>liis great‘ htfluence' in develtqving trmétfliilostnfliy and in organizing the guidance services in Arkansas during their formative stages and a number of years afterward. the great store of energy which he expended in behalf of the guidance services in Azkansas did {much tt>tnoltl the tttinkitwgtaf thtnné in Aituansas van) haxwz beewt in xib ed with the growth of professional guidance and counseling. Some readers may question the amount of space devoted to the guéogrznfltical enuj stxziolcmiical infltuntces IJPOH tlie dtwwrlopnu41t (d: the guidance setwdtxus in Arkansas. thwnyxw‘,;\rkansas has a tumfiuw‘ of distinct geogxaphical features that have influences the economic, social and.pho1itical development within the different areas of the —158— -l)9— stéitt . l'rrnn tlre t’a: lit‘él hi stirri' of~ A2 kentsers tiituse tiac:tor‘s l:a:1* insert itteit Ftlfllt‘lliéil. llt tl (f le‘\'{‘1\3;)ul(‘ili «xf' lilt’ t’tlLlCTH t itrtiéal. féjCZi l i t it'S t4i.tii.iti ti} e s Léiitf. llte f itigaal.it 3' \)f tltt‘ tees itlettt s it) tire ntjr'tlzt‘rti lH()UIli a ilUJllS regitunsltas tuxen :13flectewl in tlua fitnmrcial .supptn t gl\ldl the («lucatitnral programs in those areas. lhe more progressive areas in the southeastern sections of Arkansas hare aCCepted the idea of guidance servich for . tiieit‘ schtuuls lkl a gnwzattw' drfgree thatrtrafie- the (Jihtd‘ arxeas td‘ rrt- statt‘. trbanization of Arkansas . . ‘ 7 , , Rtrféthfllth hHlS inatle lit a prwxx'itnls chapter1 ttw tlie tzact triat U‘l the character of the populatitm in Arkansas was undergoing a change because of a number of causes, one of which was the development of Iltfld lJldLlStJ lth. rkltlrrniglt tliez e 1185; txsert a iITantl fr our tin: t uzwal art as to the towns and cities, Arkansas still remains primarily a rural state. However, if this trend Continues, at the close of the next decade there should be a greater concentration of the population in the (:ities Eflld ttn¢ns. 1AM an ticle>rdiich euspeareml in ttnsztrkarfrls (lazebtte, lJVCEHHbCI‘ 29, 196C) catt‘ietl thtéltezullint-, ”SC),OO()l7artns l()Si . “15 , , . in Arkansas, Hore than 30,000 farms disappeared between the (1‘1 dates 1954 and 1939. The 193a Census report listed 145,076 farms l()5 S Ft’Slll it‘d t'rtun U) in 1934 and only 93,000 in 1939.159 Some of thi a Cilailg&* ill tlte CkanHJS dtnf itiit iLHl ()f ttjrnrs tlstgd ill tllt‘ l,9739 rt pt» t . 157 Supra, p.72, 158 , A q a r, 7” . ,W V“ V A ,,- o 0"~ ,H Arkansas bazette CXLII lth?:d8\, DeCemner 2,, l,h0 , p. u 159_ , Ibitl. -l'6t‘.)_ 'll‘mrc wcrv 17,94Lt36? acrt-s dux'ottrd to farming in 1931+ \s’iliik' only 16, LU—t,371 acrcs wore :tcportt-d in 1959.160 Somc of this db‘Cl‘t‘BSc has been due to one or more of the farms listed in 1934 being Covnbimvd into a single unit by 1959, During the period of World War 11 the Illllllbt‘l‘ ot pc'ople leaving the: farm and moving to the towns and cities increasr-d greatly. A still greater increase in this r‘nm'ement from the rural art-as to the urban areas occurred du:ing the 1930’s. At the present time more than #2.8 percent; of the total p..>pu1atit;m lives in the urban areas. During the reriod between 1930 and 1960 there, has been an increase of 21.3 162 _ . . ,. . . ‘ percent of the total population in Arkansas liVing in urban arvas. There has bccn a decrease- of 20.1 perct-nt163 in the rural population our the same period. This population shift and the resultant economic and social changes require changes in educational and occupational outlooks. Thus, the guidance programs in Arkansas must be» geared to Invct i'ilk‘SL" changing; conditions, the: high school Counselors must be Cugttii/attt of the changes and the effect: such changcs will have on the educational ‘and vocational plans of the st udents they will be working with. Also, the urbanization of the population will produce: social conditions that are vastly different. from those of the past and counselors must adjust 16013i11 Lcwis, "People, t'tur State Still Has Plt-nty of Ctmntry Folks—amt 'Ihcy'rc Moving to 'l‘own.” Arkansas (iazcttt-, t3\l-ll tfiunday, December 18, 196(1)), p 21‘. * 161mm 162 . lbl.t‘l. 163 ’ l b id. —lbl- tic’ir t;;itd' in [\kafllfifks alnt tut) Ittittwl Sfeatcés butt tlirtnlgr; the \Jo"ld. lhnty ()f titc rnotta Ctunmtni agricultUtal pursuits hare huvn rcplaCcd by a newer sgstum of auricul— llltw’ exntl tlt6f Uh)Vt”n(dli (if Ittwc ittdtis ti it’s illit) t‘;c st attu. 'llte Itwrvlopmmit of Programs of (itlitiatht’ there has not been a spectacular growth of guidanCc programs flirtutghtnit All grwnqth lias tvctwi slrnq btli 31(:HJ}' axnl the: primazy aim has been not to saCILtLCe quality for quantity. Lacs yt>at‘ tlicr‘e hits bk L3” 811 lllCt‘QéfiStfi irt lilk’ ltthni)vl‘ ()f pt‘tngz‘atns k’illl tl e exception of thc loss of somv programs during l9&9«50 and 1931—32. Scwnc (d? tht' rcastnis t Hit ma§'l;a\xl Contt‘ibuttxl to ttu: sltnc grtuqth ()f the filUithHCt’ SQt“fiiC\w3 ittzkrkalnuis arm) tht: folltnving: 1. Lack of trained CuUHSletS who mcct the state Ccrtification requirements. 2. l;bniting statt)t inancial sLnHMArt rcstricttul u) only one counselor in each school system (one white counselor and (mic Ni gt‘c) Ck)UllStJ1()l ). 3. Ilhjiffk‘rleCt'tfln tlic [Jart: of sonn> athnitiistx'att)rs. 1+. Lack of adcquatc ctnlnse-lor—training facilitit-s. \J' i-huittml SLHJQIW'isorgr ptd‘SUth l at thc,sstatt3 1821*1. 6. Lacfl< of 11ndtn‘staruling ()f 13M) an‘postws of tftc gguidIN1ce pllfigd'afll bp‘ nuan5' tt-acflatw s. ’ ’ 00'-\ . q u a - 0v 164lchoy Pennington, bteps lowatd fmprovcd Luidancc EUTYICU9, Counsvlgram (fianuary, 1961), p. 3. 638cc Appendix D, pr. 214—2161 -1b2—- inc: tia un tini- pazt of many pat‘cnts. 8" l'ninfm'mud mt-mth‘s ut’ the local boards ut’ vducatiun. 9, Lack uf‘ active support by the leaders at the Arkansas lducatiun Assnciatiun, 10. The: inevitable play of pujitics at ttc state) and local level. 11. Reluctance of the Arkansas State: Board of l-ducat ion to support an adt-quatc program 0f guidance at the. state and 10(281 1tt‘v'61. 17w twakncsscs 1151(‘d above ltavc ctitntt‘ibutcd tn the ducz‘L-asv in the promotional aspects of the guidach survicws at both the state and the local level. l‘ndav, many of t'ht- colleges in Arkansas ltavt- failcd to provide the. [N'CUSSEH‘y cuur‘st-s lvading t‘u cuun‘sclm‘ pt‘cpat‘a— tion. Many of tiw cuurscs that are providvd are not taught by in— structor‘s having a guidance point uf view. Should be provided at tt‘zt' (I) An adequate farce: ut‘ supervisor state level in m'dcr to pl‘u‘.’1d€r z‘oft‘ssional and practical leadership which is indisptrnsablc for the cuntinutrd ti£'\'("1()ptllvlll of the guidanctA servictes in Arkansas. A step in this diz‘ectiun has bun madt» by t‘tat' appointment of a full—t imc Supt.-r‘\'ist>t' of (T1uid‘ance to assist 111v State Director of ('Iuidancv. 1 11%., —-lb'3- gti"iiflt:‘t Of 1': Juidanct- St't"\’1.Ct'S 'fir‘ citaztactt:z «ti tfite ltwidtw‘sztip zit ttr' st att‘ lt‘vt‘l untst ht- CkflléiAiVEWfd «Jne’ ot‘ trie gttxatt st azsst ts in t hk‘ gtxwwttt atnl dk“UU1\5PWM‘Ht of tln>gylidanci?:m:rvicCs ijt;\rkansas. thglpt Canmn hi the kaimativo years of the guidance program in Arkansas; Hugh Povctt, the prcscnt Stéatc tlizxgctgn tdf idlidéfllCL’; arnl ltdto}r Pkdlhldlgittn, tht) pzmrsvttt Stzutc ESupczwsiscn‘ of (hiidéhtct) Sct‘Jiths haxwé all. gixxwt catxablt‘ leathxrs?.ip 1J1 the area of SUpchiSiun and their past experiences as public -Chool teachers and counselors have b ought to the state oftice a practical en>ptx)actt tC) thi9 din ult)pnn nt of tht> gtlidéHlCt‘ SGt”JiC(‘S itt Atl in tlna ptnvlic :scrtn>ls t aviitfad tnf fluithNICc Sgw‘xicvs 1J1;erath+as 403- nuntwr ot‘ schools providing guidanct: sta- JiCus but still falls ta: short of t‘t'aching all thv Sltlxlr'ltlé in more than 1400 school districts. lltcrv ari- pzcst:tttl;.- 1418 school d istz‘icts in Arkansas and ap— prrmi'ttatcly halt of this numtwt‘ have lt-ss than 500 Silltlt‘lllfi in gradts onc through th‘vl‘ft‘. Fix: possibility ot improving ll.\‘ low-ml of t-duca— tion now living offcred in tht- 415 districts is slight bvcausc many of thost- districts arc so small that advquate financial support appt‘éll'; impossible. loo: thy smallcr districts cannot supportia hroad educa— tional program that would also includc guidanct‘ surx'ins. (Wnc- mow- t‘hat would tt‘nd to itnpzox'c- tttt- oppot‘tttltiliv’s‘ for mam Arkansas studonts would he t‘hc Consolidation of lltv smaller districts. litc dual educa— tional system also ptfox’idts a sci ious drain on the ability of thr- districts to provide adequatv educational opportunitivs for all youth. littCouragt-mt-nt was givut by tho 1963 Arkansas State ixgislaturc when that body pi‘t)\’idvd for a Commission to study iltc total school problwn and particularly the qtlk'Slit.)ll of reducing iliv numbvr of districts. (Iuidancv Se-t‘x’ict‘s at tho tilt-mvntary ifiovl The statu p?_,ilt_)st_>ph_\' of guidancv docs not prorsidc for the t‘.\'* tension of guidance :‘vt‘l'iCt'S. to the lot-star gradt-s. This is perhaps one: of the gt'véilt‘fil \A'Vakllk'SSK‘S ot~ thc total guidancw grog-am in Arkansas. 'lhcre are isolatcd cases when» counsclors do \lt‘X'Uit‘ somu time to tat- Children of tho elementary school but in doing; so tht-y take ti'lk‘ away from tho studont‘s in the uppt-r gradt‘s. —lbb- ’1«) \lU‘CK‘ik);) £3 ctiqtpr tdlt'llé in t- ;>r\)g;:‘&rn tit gittitlattc:e itt -iilL' s(;kt)ttl;< of Arkansas this gap in thy program must by eliminatcd. lhe forward look in Arkansas must incltnhe programs of guidanCc llRJL\€lll UleHd from the first grade througt the twelfth g adv in all schools ot the statv, Unting the period 1960-1962 there has born a trend to establish guidanCc srwwciCes en, try hhntior lily: lthl atul it can bt’tBXpVClAfll that ammuttually tlis movvmvnt will descrnd to 1hr lower «)radtus as \«:11. C‘A integration llu: cu:t\ttt moxmmuutt tn? fUEthl inttgiratitnt ias ;)rcscnttwl'nanp ptw)blenns t1) tin: ttigt: sci LH)1 ctulnst-lox . 'fhc tintwast atul it s rx>sttltattt UHHJlitfllal. ptx>blcnns fkir tfiotlt tltc \chit'c zand tht> Naggrt) racx S 1 Bit) lllCi(%lStwl tilt? z‘c-:5;)i)ttss;il>i_l ist it (if' t‘it: (ztttittsse:ltgz‘. 'll;t2 ()\'t‘k'tlll‘()b7 t)f‘ L)\'LfT éa lttttttlt‘t:tl rears of social relationships has presented problems to both tho Nccro }Knlin atul iht‘lflliic tmnlth. llow tin: CkMHlSQl(H s mcct this tliffiCtllty inay (“PictmlIKJ to a ggreat thagret: Hie cahus witi;tdticl: inthgratitnttcill be aCCUmpliShvd. Look ing F orwa rd The futUtc of the guidance services in Arkansas promisvs to be «JHtf of‘ CtnlllltUkcl dE”U9]J3qu”nl atnl grwjntl;, A ltUWfllvt‘ rd? fkacttirs PL)iHl it) llllS cinuzlusilnt. lltrth—gtznling id? ctuntsclcn s is [)rogtxgssitu; at a steady! rattteand tluww: are iJnlicatixnns that ldtlS pttggrcss \Glll aCCHSlbialk’ itt tile ntgx‘ ftyn’ fileat‘s dtie lL) lllt ittfl.UtttCt: (xi tltc XélilAlfléil llct’cttst- Lducation Act and increases in state Cortification rcquircmcnts. As —lb?~ the supply of qualified Counselors inc:eases to the point that re- qUests ftom schools for counselors can be met. the State board of lghlcatjion \Jlll tu‘ ablt‘ to thflnand lzightu‘ querlificzn ions thlr cruntseltu‘s. At tlu) present llflk'tflllX fiftewdt semesttu‘ltours in tlur area (f'gglhlancc . 168 H . . are reqULred of counselors. this reqULrement can be expected to lye incrxaastwl i() at“ liilSl (Jigliteett sinnes:tet‘l:(ntrs \Ullltln tlie [next thrw e tu' ftHlt 3K381f5 atnl eawwtttmallt’ iHCllet’ tin? rtwluirwenettt frn‘ a WHESlt‘FS «legtx=e. The North Cknttral Accrwwliting Committcwe htzkrkansas is cumming nuwre aand {nutt' to ease ttn: HPtKl f(H‘ guithanccc se “UiCeES in ttu: anDIic sclnles atul it is tntly a nu tiel‘tJf tiwe-tnttil tltis ctmrnittee \cill require that tlustmdvlic schools in Arkansas h8\%‘é3 functioning guidance program before receiving North Central accreditation. This moye could d()tx)flt good and tmul bar the fUllU\‘()f guidance senwdxxes in Arkansas. One danger is that many programs would be established merely to satisfy the 'Ntin‘th Central requirement and a possible lack of understanding on the part of the school administrators and teachers would create a cl iméate tltat kklultl awake) tlte ftntct'icutittg of att ef:fe%:tioue ptxsgu ant it many cases very difficult. llte plti_lt»st)plty uttdt*t‘lt?ittg tltt: (lLTC(fltlpuhdlll (if tlte gttitlattct: sew — vices in Arkansas has been such as to preclude a mushroom growth of guidance scuw ices in all timetmnilic schools rd? the statcm ’lnstead, a few programs were established after careful planning and preparation within the local schools. lhus, Arkansas does not claim to haye a as 16‘bupra, p. 112 L ~108— gtiitlattc<~ t)rt>g~ atn itt t‘ytary taut-l ic s(:ht>t)l bttt Vmaintains :T.at l‘,t' t>rrrcx aims th \s’ U of Eli Kltl L1(15t' art‘tdel l al>le ikl ptw‘fotht [TE‘ set“fict*s ft>r hfl.iCh titey re established, Some of the reasons for maintaining the efficiency these Fir 'yices are: Schools are appro ed for a guidance program only afte“ the school superintendent has ConviHCed the State Directo: tltat ht> sthCetley'tqattts ea futK3titutitu; gtlhlzntce I)Tt%;laql in keeping with the basic philosophy existitn; in Arkansas. Counselors are permitted released time to perform the duties of a counselor. It has bee tlu>policy to have C(HJHSk'ltH s tuht) herse llakl stuncil ic llfilnldtg in iht‘ 811%} Cinntseltu‘s. U) of gtlldEHICC’ tt) 5(% yr: a lht) bersic [fixiltrstuflty td‘ ggiidENtct~ irt Atl CLHlfUS big to the students as well. A teacher must occasionally assess discipline and such action would tend to identity net, in the eyes of the students, as om: that Could not bee urdvigasetl iIt al.l HHJil&“TS at fecztittg sttldtttt-tt-acfite: rt-— latitundtip. -169— 4. If" tht> ctnlnst lot Eras llatl a ttunflnvr' of? teen s ()fifflJCCt‘SSldll tcaching cxpcxichc the contcntion tlat teachers will not accvpt him on an wqual basis dUtS not carry too much wtight, lltc l uttirc «sf thte gtlidéaHCt? stsrx'iCt:s itt At‘kattsa:s BIDjbélts tt; he one of growth in resixct to the number of studvnts Sc Vvd and tho quzalif icat iorhs of th<> ctuntseltfizs tflto MHJFk \«itli 3m} sttidtdtts. llxr It dLlCl_iC)H itt tltt' IlUHlbtJl‘ (ti s(:ht)twl (ji:%tt‘ic:ts v:il.l tcfltd l(t c:rtfiat'c SCfll\)k)15 witit largtn‘ stud:41t hoditus and cuntseqtunttl}'ggrcattd‘ finatuzial Itemrurcvs. lchwttuzrlly'taactt sttnlcttt frxnn tltc f‘irst' g171dt- thtmvuglt tht: lkh‘lflfi grvnlc \(ill tn: at>lc tt) use» this sprwxictvs of ea CtHlHSLJle, llx? ctuntsultrrs \Gill tn: bvtltfl‘ ablc tx> dcal \qith tln‘ cunttional IJrobltnns that EN‘iSv atnl urnlytsstatnl trmatptnrr EH38d£NHlC§ aclticannvrn CiNt, in Inant' ittstélncx s, be llYBCtNd tt) ptntt‘ kWh)l itHlal atljtistrncdtt. The greatest challenge ttttlu9<3itizens of Arkansas ttxhu: is the provision of a school systcm that will provide opportunitics tor tlte clriltlyctt (d: Ax‘kentszas tk) acfltitn c \Jcl.l £3C£hjtfltiC£ill}’ arul tt) tnutw‘g<’ from school wvll adjusted individuals, Some Questions to Face Afé tilt sttn y (sf lh(’ dtéVt-ltqwn(41t «nf QLlldEHlCL? St9fX’lth5 in thl<8115£iS unfolds, the tvadvf can vicw the program from a time distanCc that pcr~ :nits g;rcatt:r dtthh tfi‘ per spuct ivc. r\ pCtYSpUCl iVU tluat pcrwnits tnrv tt) rectwutiZU \dltf? tn rors in tfliilostuflty atnl UfgfiHll/atlAfll gaxxr hiztl; to dtdflCIlVlleJ s ill ttte pXIJSL'Hl prxtgd‘ant. thd‘c ttn)st' £111: us ttil tcitlw tltc establishment of guidanCc svrwicws rwsporsiblc for thc lack of services —l7)— awailablc to man; public school studvnts in Arkansas todayi Has lkv pr1>cewss fknlltuactl itt tin- dtn cltxpuu nt of lkkf gttldiHlCt' SUI”CiCLH§ ittr\rluans¢rs bv hvcw1 sucl1 than thczx- is gtwntral :supptu t ftu' guithanCt- in [\rkatnsas tujucattrrs, gnarctn s and tllv gvtn~ral thhlic.‘ llnrsv 811‘ just two cdi thy many qucstions that may be asked as the rcsult of this backward look at the guidance service: as thvy function in Arkansas. Pcrhaps a Marv tuptn*tant' prtdpchttna31 be hjcnt,ifitwl b§’ thv (lucst ion, 'WChc:t: is gguitkanct: in Arkansas going in the future " Shall the mistakes of the past hx:lp ttr facxa tlnusv enttxtisttwl witlt tte deataltqyntttt tn gttldEHlCL: SVI"ViCt‘S ttnuarml a twoad tttat \4ill. lcent lL) qLHJllt}’ arnl qtunttittrgguithanCL> fu!‘ Arkansas, B l hth'lCIRAPHY " 1 ti 1-11 ltllx’APHY A. P z‘vlfllt) lXttI‘Ellpk'lS ikrlat ikHla l lllitfll’hal itnt and ouidance Services. “Guidance Services in Arkansas Public Schools.” little Rock: 1932. (Mimcographcd) , Division ot Vocational Lducation, occupational lntormation atuj (Hridentth St’t\’lCt‘S. ”ttltfi Btillt2titt = 3. ltex'istul. Srnirctvs ()f lilftlrdfiiiillu atnnut' (H:CLn)at itnts zantl Yr aldtlllg ttpputrttini_tit-s." loittle lock: 19am. (flrnuograidwml) , Division of \ocational lducation. Occupational Information and guidach Strvices, the School Laws of Arkansas, 1939 Supplv— mcnt. Second txtraordinary Session of 1935 and 1939 Regular Srssion. Little Rock: 1939. -15‘2- -17 _ ,Elivisiint ot \tmmational ltlucatitnt,trCCtnuH Linal link):uatitm and Guidance Services, Stats of Arkansas LinD$€d occupations, A COUHSC'lUI‘.S Handbook. Lilllt‘ 310C171: 1933. , Division of Vocational Lducation, occupational information atni (Alidzn1ce»fietx'iCtgs. ”Elm: Trask t)f tlte lligh E§Clujol_ CLHJHétrlkH in tin: Matte: tn zAssisting lu'turncd \t=hrransw (l.l.€.S >41. 11.” Little Rock: 1943. (Mincographcd) , Division of Vocational tducation, Occupational Information and GuidanCv SVTVlCVS. ”ltntatifc Statement of thr Prog:am of Occupational Information and tuidance for Arkansas Schools, O.I.'.9. 4o. 1.” Littlu Rock: 19uu. ’Fimvogtaphcd) , I atvs 811d thgtilat:itnts (Slot-thing:w tlte CtJll if iceati 011 (ll Freacltc: s in 'teacfln rs, .Adwwinist rattu s, eutd Stnxarvisnirs. 1%u11t1 in \', litt 1c Rock: Septvmher, 1960. CalillJrnia :4tate [kapatifludll of lxhlcatiint, The [Prepatéation atnl'ltain- ing of Pupil Personnel Workers, Bullvtin XXI (1932). Sacramcnto: 1952. Carlson, Theodora, and Rilliams, Cath tine P. fluidc to the Defense Act of 1935, Circular lo. 333. 5.9. UftiCe ot tducation, Departs intfn t «at lleaal tlt, lilU(:at,iilll, atttl 1{C‘ll:at‘r . l€easltittg iL)“ , I) .t?.: 7 .9 , COVEITHKHTt Printitggtlffice5 1939. Counseling Young Adults: A Symposium. Xew York: Association Frcu Press, 1947. Davis, Jesse P. ”Administration of Lducational and Vocational fluidancy ill the: JLutiot‘ arul Seutior‘lliglt Sclu)ols;,” liitst Yc ir «if tltv fiiat itntal .Association of SECUHdalA’EkflMMJI Principals. Washington, it ‘ I§ational.iissociatitnttnt Secrnuhary Sctux>l Princitnals, 1917. , "A Program for Sectindary Schools," Xinth Yearbook, National Association of Secondar} School Principals. hashingtot D.C.: National Association ot Secondary School Principals, 192' \J 5 a—’ 5 ‘C l‘rtxcltl.iclt, til it f()ILl I). oAiLlltlalle* i_n Srna ll S<3ht>trls ." lltc Pwil_lt t ill (lf the»‘lati4ntal [Asstm3iatitnt of EQECtflklal}'iQCh1H)l Eh inc ipals. ltasltingttnt. I)JZ,: The Rational hducation Association (lanrary, 19le. 4‘4- tfirthilcaf, {Jalttq' J. (Mlide itlllCCKHDHlilnlal ifluxice :nul Irailting; SUQQUStlxflhb, Books, Eflhl “attm ials ttn (nihlancv PYUgIPTHS. '.S. (M:fice td‘ lducamthn, lcnrdrat ulnal ’lnttv"natiint and (hlidatun: Fit - vices. hashington, D.U.: ".S. Gorcrnmcnt Printing Office, 1947. Jones, Arthur 7.. Miller, Leonard M., and Jones, Galen. lhc Rational Picture of Pupil Personnel and (T'Iuidance Services in 1933. Wash— ington, D.C.: lhe Rational Education Association (I bruary, 1934). kindig, Waldcifil. '“ hat Are the Current lltuuls in Guidance fierviccs in tin: Settiot‘lligh Efchcn»lf" lhe‘ Rulltrtittqu the [AsstK3iatiJn1 of Secondary-Rchool Principals (Octobc . 1942;. Washington, D.C.: The Rational Education Association, 1942. Kiwanis International. kiwanis Counseltu”ssllandbook, Chicago: Kiwanis International, 1934. , Kiwanis in Action. Chicago: Kiwanis International, 1936. ru)os, Ixsonaztl Y. KIuidatha Pracm.iccs 1J1 SVCKHHjal}’E§Ch(K)lS,H Phillrtitt oti tlte ‘xat itntal .Asusocriat ioti td‘ SK”CKH1dE3P}"S(:htN31 ‘Pt intzipeals ‘Idar cit, 1925). l£ashingttui,l).C.: iln:.1ational.lxjucatitnt[\ssociatitnt, 1928. 'Hanning, Iucy. Why Child Labor Iawsf (Ru isad ed.) Bulletin 3o. 96, P.51. 1% part ucnt of l-abtn' Steatist ics, lfiasltingtwnn, ll.t?.: 7 .S. (kvuarnnuqtt Priltting,tlffiCtg 1948. , atul Dianuntd, Tiortwn-. r§tate (Htiltl—Latnir StENtdattls -lle\, twl.) Bulletin So. 98. “.8. DcpartMcnt ot labor, Bureau of Labor Standattks,*dashingttnt,ll.r.: ”.8. (hr ernmEnt‘IPrinting Offixn», 1945. natirnmfi1;\ssociatiiui of SeCLnuJary—Schiu)l PtllKlealS. (luidanCt‘ U1 thy Secondary Schools, Bulletin No, 19. Cicero, Illinois: National Association of Secondary—Rchool Principals (January, 1928). Xational Education Association. Vocational Guidance in Secondary Education. Washington, D.C : 1.8. Government Printing WffiCb. 1915. s1;3- Opportunitics in Fort Smith Scnior High School. fluidancv ”nit Io, l. a Fort Smith: Scnior High School Pruss, 194D. 1ea\ is, K§. (I. “(Alidaruus Pluggrawns lithCCLflldatl. Scdulolss,“ cflllltd in klf the Department of SGCondary—School Principals of thy sational lxhlcatixnt[\sstxziatitut. hasltingttnt, D.LI.: lhtaTxatixutal ltlucat.h3n Association, March. 1932. (lf‘fiiCté ()f htluc:at.itvn , ll€1)al‘l'nt Hi «if lit a 1117, l dilCéat ikHl, a ntl big liiiht'. sicnnial Survey of iducation in the ‘nitcd States—~1934—36, Statistics of State School Systcms: 1933-36, Wasnington, D.C.: (/1 S, tioxw tnwu nt Pt int ing,tltt‘iCt', 1‘939. , Dcpazltmsnt tn llcaltli, Lducatiiut, atkllualtareg Iliccst ti Annual lcports of the itatv Boards for Vocational lducation to the bftice oi lducation, Division ot Vocational tducation,Fiscal Year 1 ndrwl ’UIH‘ 30, '1935, ttashitnrton, I) 0.: ‘.S_ tjovtllrnctd Printing UtiiCV, 1939. , lh;1)atittnetnt Llf lit a 1111. l diiczat itnt, aanci lJc:ll at e-. thiillattCtx 14(31‘kth s (:t%l't it i<:;3t ikfiil lik‘tlLlil‘e”Hi*lll s . :¥L11 ltri itt ZUI_ S35316WIS: (H1gentize1titin, Stéaft , Phipidls, arul l'inentctes, tlia;)ter’ 2. hiasltitngttnt, l).t..: . ,b, thlvtw nan nt Pr itttittg bffice. 1933. , ~170— , Federal Security Agency. Administration of Vocational tducation, UUllvllH ho. 1. General Stties an. 0, Revised 194:. Washington, D.C.: 1.3. Corernmrnt Printing Office, 1945. . Federal Security Avencv, Administrative Helationshiws . V D . p 7" ()i tlte (iUlLlaHIH‘ PIEWgIYTH, Fiisc_ 33114—3. h” shthgttut, i).u,1 ‘ .S. (Joxw9rnwusnt Pt int hug ttftTICee, .hll, , 19N49. .,. , Federal Pecurity Agency. the Basic Course. Misc. 3314—2. Washington, D.C.: ".5. Government Printing Ottice, June, 1949. , Federal Sewn“ ity Agencxy . UkhWfilHWkdll Ptthting Htt iCe, ‘ at, 1930. Federal Secutity Agcncy. lite Adiustmcnt tducation f Llr l \’('I F’ \’txtttlt . lJEljlt ittgit \lll, l) .t?. : , fl, (itl\ k t llWlLll t I): ittt ittgz Ulficc, 1931. 1:6th‘tal. Sccnltiti':\cvtu:y, litkn AkljUil'nblll lthtcat ion in thv Amcrican (hiltutc, CirCtflsu 54‘, 333. Washingttut,ltnj.: 7.5. (lovcrnwuttt PrintiingtttfiCtu 1932. Ftwh‘tal StTNJYlt}’;\gGHC§’. tvccupat htns, \kmuational :Hillctitt :\\). 2147, ‘W:CLH)8l.ltHlal lttttu”natiitu1 arid (lUlJlallCt‘ SLW inns :4). lb. it"ashingt on , 11.7”: ,8, (on'ct‘n'nrttt Pt' int ill-T ("ll l lCt' , 193] . Yvdcral Security Agcncx. lhv Personnel of State Dvpart- lHt'Hl 5 «if Ltluczatiit>n, Flissc . .-(). 316 . liélsltittgl ott, t).tj. : ‘..<, UonrtHuutt PrintijugtlltiCtu 1932. , lietheal SPCtniiti';\gan§'. SLMX'FViSEWl PIEHZTlCL' in Ctnntsvltn‘ Preparati«n1.?€isc. 3314—6. Mashington, tLtj.: Y,F_ flowcttnutu Printing Htticw, Aptil, l932. , cheral Security Agvncy. lhc Structurr of Statc Hvrart- rncttt:5 tif l dttczat ignt, FlisCI. \(l, 1t), t§easltitnitttn , l).t7. : L .5. Govvrnmrnt Printing Ufticr, 1949. Federal Security Agency. Vocational rducation in the 7/1 \kgatss Aln»a(l, \ttceatitutal lll\”l§ljnl Btillvt in T§on 231t. hfashthatttn, I) C.: 1.é¥. Gt % rnwuwtt Prthting (H lice, 1945. l):138f t'ntwtt tlf L£}b()l’, \lallptfldf‘f, (3hz31 1titct* tlf tltti .l9t50' s. 1(EJsitirn5- ton, l),C.: 7.S?. fitn%:tnuuutt Prthting,tH ticc, 1960. , lflJICathJf [tuiloywnwrt ScCLu‘ity. Itictitutart'ttt chnuiatiruwal “litlt-s. \ktluwm: 1. ”ct Unitituts (u 'litlt-s, t asltingttut, I).C.: 2.5. Government Printing UttiCc, 1949. .1 f5- , tdagx+ ayul Hotn' arnl Ptfl‘llC thwnt :actss Dix'isituts. .\ tutide ttitfliild-Latmu Provisitnts of tluaITair tsflmwr Ftarnhnsz Act. Child Labor mullctirtfu). 101. hashington, D.C.: ”.S. Covetn- wuwtt Prthting (Hfficv, 1949. Zcran, Franklin R., and Jones, Galen. "the Lational Picture of (iulxjaIlCE’ arid Pin i1 ‘Ptsrsttnrnsl SL‘L\'lCt”37.. llie Ptillt t in ot' tltc hational Association of Secmutat‘§.'-—Sclim,tl Principals 'ttctobe»: , 19451. ' , 131 11 1.12;: Atulrcun lJeatt C. , atnl thugnitug, lAfSltW 1. 120 thsadittgs in Lhtidatu:e. Lincoln, Nebraska:, nebzaska Press, 1933. and ‘.-.'i11c_\r, Roy Del» (*1‘1. Administration and Hrganizat ion of‘ tlte (juiiiattcc: thagu‘aqt. dqu \ltrk: llal‘pvl' x EIXAtltct s, 19 5:. 7%ae: , )uax F. , atuj Rtuabe: , txh«artl C, t1cc1u3atitutal lnftn”mat ion ( scctutd ed.>, Chicago: Scicnce Roscatch Associates. 1935. Bai‘ry, llutli, atnl hkilf, 1%e\13rl§', Fktdcitt ls;nies in (Iuiatnc, 19118. V llax is, tt’SSi' h. \ktCEititutal atnl thral. (HlldEHtC6‘. lrw¢ \thk: (linn and Compang. 1914. llugatt, Nil lis l‘. ltul.). Ctuntswl ing lh>ints< ot \ ivuu Mitntvainilis: "Mn: Iniversittttn"“innesota Press, 1939, lil‘leSUllg/J. lg, A ::-8S1C l't‘Xl 1101‘ (Zuidanct- 12"Ulkt‘1‘5. 7.1-w Yttt‘ki Pl‘rllilCL“ Hall, lnc.. 1947. , aIICl Einti.tli, (llt'HIt l , 1): czarti.ezat itirt alltl (Atlm 1111541 rzat itttt ()1 tjuithanc<- SU1‘31C\'§, ‘«xw \ktrk: '5cCran4—Hi_ll, 1947, 17a:\cvl.l, (Jai_1 L. , atnl Pt‘lvtfs. llet”nalt fl. ltkl.3, (Mlidatujt lh-atling:; fru‘ Ctnntselcu's. tjhicxago: Hatni Mcfikally'b; Ctmugan; , 19CH1. litn‘lt‘sltjt , (it-rt tLult’. Fh-tlttnls tvt‘ \txczat itntal (H11tlfltht‘t h itl: :lpt c it ic Helps for thc leachrt ot musinvss Suhjvcts. hoston: D.C. Hyath x Company, 1944. FtYletl, [Alice 11,11andrmufl< of Jtfi31iacts, tfiicagtn SciiutcV h»sva:tfli Associates, 1945. thulilich, tjlifftuxl P. (htidance thszviccis in Schtx)ls, wav York: HcCraw—Hill, 1935. , atul Egcttstnt. iAt‘thttr 1.. (:uitlartca: 1} st ingg. Clticzagt): Scicrux: Rescarrfliz\ssociatcs. 1945. v llaqu‘irt, S ..A. (Itat 5 \01111 lt acflirt s .thnlt (jointstllittg. {\1tuvnittcttin: McKnight x Hchnight, 1930. , atnj l’atilstnt, "latH2h£: 6, (lotntst-littg zkth>1e'sC(-nt s, (Hticaigtw: :%citntce lieseuarch :Xsstw2iate s, 19511, llanse¢t, Kcntnath l‘. Ptuilic [AhJCHllAWl in Ann thFHt StK3ivti. Ingltwotod Cliffs: PItHILCk-Hall, 1936. —1tU~ Harder:r Bk 1\ ina lltEHECint. LgntnS{)lllH; atnl (Hlidal1ce in (h n, ra1_ lthlcatjirnt, Skid Yk)rk: lVot‘ld rgutk tdtrupattY: 19 :3. Htrnphttays, ,T. Alfllton}’, atnt 1ra>:1ez, Art? u: 1.. Chiidarun: SetW31CEfi§, (fliicain): Science Research Associates. 1934. Hutson, Percival W. 1h? Guidance Functions in Educatith. Sew York: Appelton—Centuty-Crotts, 1938. Trine:s. .Ar‘tltur" E . P!‘1H(Ill‘l£‘8 «Jf (hlixlattct-. T.u\4 Ykitlnuatitw1 Service in Guidance. Chicago: Rand flcjally a Company, 1900. Proctor, William I‘rtartain. l‘ducational and \‘ocational (’juidanct-: A Ctutsirhstat ion «if (Juithance: as it inalatt s 11) A1 1 or the l.ssttttia1_ ——-— zXct l\d.llt”5 11f 1-itt:. i\tw4 Yflirk: lhmlaltttut Piitl'litt Ctrnpa‘rx, 192 3 llced. IXnnc YD (luirknrce atnl‘Perstnnnel SCIWJlCFS thleucatitnt. fight York: co null TuiVeLsity Press, 1944. Rtuzkcftglltzr Pttrthetis Ftntd. Tht+ Ptn‘suit of ljxca‘lltwth, l iuceatitnt and the Fu,ure of Aflt‘iCa. Sprcial Studies Projcct Report Y. --o-“._ -.—.—-_ America at did—Crnfurr fitflts. Garden City: llnihleday and Company, 1938. Roberts, Hoy W. Vocational and Practical Arts qucation. 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New York: Harptr'k Brothers, 1949. ~1§Zs lylez, Leona L. 1hc hork of the CounSclor. :ew “ork: Applvton— Century-Crofts, 1933. White, R. Clyde. lhese Will Go to College. Clcvcland: Hostorn tnivcrsity Press, 1932. Willvy, toy De Yerl, and Andrew, Dean C. Modern Methods and Techniqucs irt (hlitlartcea. Tictq Yfiirl<: llat’pt:r s 1%iwgtliew s , ‘19133. s l£ililianksott, LL C. ”(“4 t1) 113u113e1 Sttldedtts. Send Yfiirk: FICCH‘aMbdli1.l ifOOk Company, 1939. ’edQ). Trends in Student Personnel Work. Minneapolis: The lttiverfsity «d7idinncsrné3 PFCS:W 1949. tdren, Gilbert C., and Dugan, Willis F. Guidance Procedures in lligh Scflniol. THinneaFNJlis: 'Hte 'ttintESlly of PLhtnestdéa PFtSri, 1930. C. AtFllLH.lS (XXI) Pll?1(d)l(L\LS Stfllnt‘l atnl (niideutcr [Asstuziat'iorr--Ckmnpar’istut 1d? §hdnbe-rsltip ”American Per The. Personnel and Guidance Journal, XXXYI’ll (Sorts by Slatcsf ember, 1939), “Annual State COHfQFBFCt for varo Counselors, Counselsram (Uctobcr, 1931). \ :hmuuu‘f' The Perstuun:1 and Guidancee;huirna1. \XX\1 ”APCA kelcomes a New fJanuary, 1938). Arkansas Gazette. 142 (lhursday, Docember 29, 1960). ”Association Activities,” occupations, \XYll (April, 1949). ”A Statement of Policy," The Personnel and Guidance Journal, \\\111 (Starch, 1955). latttctt.,'H.(T '34irtl's 1,ye ‘JieWJ of fitatt: Ctutterwenct» at :erarusas A ‘4. x 7%. (Ltlltgf‘:(dClAlel 11-13, 1931," Cotniseligrawr “\oxw~nhtw 1931). DaLW‘}, liutli arnl hktlt, tic t‘tl} . 'lii\\‘ Yte3rs ()f tlie lhxrsruntcl enrd (Alidance‘.Tourrual,“ llu* PFLSkHHK’l and (ntidatun- Jourtnal, \X\\1 (April, 1955). —l$3- Berg, Irwin August. ”April in Chicago—-tur 49 CUHYVH110H,” tccunations, XXXll February, 1949;. , "Utn‘ 1949 thnru‘ntitntf'llccuhatiinns, XXX11 H)Hchfinw , 1949), 'rillincsch',:5all}x '°Pvtit h4n1 CUHirWJJHC€,°° CouthnelgraWI chlt)n“ 1949). tiinger; ,lanet 14 "Conttdlnltions td‘tgovrntunvnt Aggntcivs It) the (HJLlaHCv TWJvemetH f' llne Purstnntvl zutd (nthlanCt'.lourtwil, XXX\’ CAa}g 1937;, '331ythevillfi-llifih Schrnil's XvWComcrs' tllub 01114 5 Haw Sithflth a kk~lctvnc llatnj." tCOLHtst'lglEPn (‘Ja§'. 1€)32.). Ettisltat t , 1Aj\JElfil \C. "llte' ()I‘giiltljléil itwn c>t (Ju 1(1811CH: attti tlte: (Icttrgltx_ jarden Act,” lhv High School Journal, \XXl ‘fanuary, 1945). SI‘iCklh)U5t', IJJiS. ”Scfliiuwls ftn' Al.1 Arluanseas anltl:,' 'Hte .Iotn nal of Arkansas lducation, XXl (Sorcmbur. 1947). , ”llne DEPHIlfikflll of \kmxational lhjucatiintf' lhc Jthrnal «W Arkansas Education, XXX (Xovembvr, 194?). Brown, Phillips H., and Peterson, John H. "lhe ondus from Arkansas,' lhc Arkansas 1conomist, 2 twintcr, l900). Cawn:,l)olph. '34 1'nifiultiuidanct: [Httgratn' '1he .hnlrnal tn :Arkansas Education. X111 (May, 1940). ,‘VX Fttitiit+d (hJixlattCte l3rt)gr‘aw1," lltc .h)1lrlla 1 tsf 1A1lHH1H‘1 atnl (iUiAlalle‘ ltnltttal , XCKX\ ll ’t)ctt»bew , 19338) . DreeSe, Mitchell. ”A Personnel Study of the Division of Counseling and Guidance. of the Arne: ican Psychological Associatitm,“ ()ccupatitnns. XX\lI,'l7etruarX', 1949), Durntings, llazel. "lnttn'natitnt Ulijtics, T4etl‘i11 ltigh Siflroo1," Ctnntse1¢;ratt Clat', 19935), llunswnn)r. l)inn,y ”lhcé(hXP GA(d_: 13% '5 Put fhvne ukuul on tlte Fitt‘f' The P€F5(HHM‘1 and GuidaHCt: hutrnal, XXXVLII ’ ianuaty, 196mky "Editorial Department,“ The Vocational Guidance Magazine aHagch, 192:), "lllittir's; PII‘18CH8,.' A147A I)izt~ctt)r}' of Vt nhtq s, ll7ittl l iit iott. ( §oxx~wbtw 19:39 2 \{asdxittgtt)n, H.K:.: '1he:.Atn':ix;att P w stntnt-l zantl otlidentct- Association, 1935. 'llirst' Yewarbtu»k «an (luithaHCe~ Scdiedtlletl ftu‘ ’atntarp , l€339." llne Pal sse:s." llna Ped‘stnnrel arnl (hridzane Journal, XXXIX (September. 1939). Culley, Xancy. '(lwunseling and Its Adxardages."(lwunselgtam ’Segtewnrwg 1938). Harrod, George W. ”Pupil Attitudes Toward Counseling Prograns in EletwnrtArkansas Ihd>lic Sclnnnls,” The Scdnnwl Counseltn‘, \II tDecember, 1939). 'llighligfltts ftmmn tlna Hagtntlia (Brunse113rs' (3onf6dw:nce," CLHHISElgIYTH (February, 1931). ”Highlights of the Annual Counselors' Conference,” Counselgram (october. 1932). Hoppock, Robert. “Presidential Address. 1930,” occupations. XXYIII (May. 1930) Houston. Clifford G. “A Limited Study of Professional Standards and ’Irainitm; of th"llege Ihérsonnel.lharkers,"lxlucatixnral arni‘Psy— clnqlcmzic2al )k:astn‘eme41t. Ihnwarxl, Ctn liss. ”llne CLHHISEI&)1 arm) Strnhant lu:1atiinufltips aand CumulatiVe QeCords,” Counselgram tMay, 1930). "1n Xame Only,” Counselgram (Vay, 1930). .Iag£:r, tlar‘ry IX. '“lhc: Geu)rge~—rarxlert Acrt ass art Inf luewtce in 17urtlter“ DevelopMent of Guidance Work." Hccupations. X\VI (May. 1947). , ”lhe Guidance Program Broadens Its Base.” Occupations XXYII (April, 1949). JOl’lUda, Marie. "'I'he Problems of Living in a Changing Soc iet‘y.” Jou"na1 of the Americar Association of l'niversity woven 49 ’flarch, 1936). kachkowski, Henry N., and {othney. John k. )L 'W)iscriminant Analysis irt [ksaltiatiitnt ()i (:UtHlSE’lldlg .” 1h(‘ PL rs-intuzl arnj (1U1JlallCL? l()UITlal XXXY (December. 1936). Kruger, Elsie, "Ihe Cumulative Record in the Guidance Prograwn“ The Journal ot Arkansas Education, XXI (March, 1945). .Latlrtnte, Rtith , llrotngstnt. Liliii‘, l ir‘sclr, 1’ai.th. St i1 1, C.;\., arnt llar‘rtul, tkn>rge. "Careen llay kW] a thtgional Fa Education, XXI (Hay, 1945). sis,” llna.h)urnal id )eransas ‘s. Lewis. Bill. “People: Our State Still Has Plenty of Country Folks—— But They're Moving to lown,” Arkansas Ca/ette, 142 ‘Sunday, l)eCe'nber 4, 1960). Lovett, Hugh. ”Money Alone Won't SUlVe All Our Problems,“ Crunselgran fUctober. 1935). 00\‘ .- ‘1 .aking Education Practical,” Fort Smith lines Record, XXIX r'lr‘riday, May 12, 1930). McComb, Wm. H. “Changes in the Fair Labor Standards Act Attect Ytung Workers,” Occupations, XXXlll (April, 1930). "Mid-winter Conference,” Counselgram (Januart, 1932). Miller, Frank H. "Counselor~lraining in Colleges and lniversities,“ lhe Personnel and GuidanCe Journal, \XXIl (lovembei. 1933). Fkrretuaatl, (Hiar‘les (J. 'Hfsirn; arr L\%31uat.ive- Criitew ia to l valtJate: _ HigltESChool (hJidance::hgrvices,"’Hte Scflnnrl Counsedtrr, \1 11h:Cemberg 1938). .‘x‘eugarten, Bernice L. ”Social Change and ()ur Aging Population," Journal of the Awerican Association of Tniversity Women, e0 (January, 1937), Occupations, XIV (DeCemher. 1933). Palnmn , Rodnetm '”Litt1ealfltite House thnrterence tuttfltildrcn and \iunttf' (Jaunselgrah (April-Hay. 1931). Patterson, Donald G. ”lne Genesis of Wode:n Guidance,” The lducational Record ilanuart, 1935). Pennington, LeRoy. ”Lvaluation of Guidance ServiCes in Arkansas, Counselgram {\orember, 1960), , “Lvaluation of Guidance SetYiCeS in Arkansas for 1901v62," Ctnntselggrawr((lcttd3er, 1962 ), , “Sewn: Sttqss ltnuartl Imprxnsed (Alidatuxa Serw'iCes." Ccuntse1-— gram (January, 1961). Poleet, Nettie. "LVerybotly Works on Career DaX ," 'llte Perstfrnnel and GuidanCe Journal, XXXV (September. 1936). -15;_ "Proclamation of Vocational Guidance Day.” the Personnel and Guidance .hnirnal, XXXV (September. 1936). “Professional lrainira. Licensing and Certification,” "he Personnel and Guidance Journal, XXXVll (October, 1935). "Program-~State Counselors' Conference, Mather Lodge-«Pctit Jtan State Park, September 23-26, 1933,” Counselgram (September, 1933). 'ltepxn't frxrn *h‘s. lienrnrth 'Deaggna—-C1rairring (J1 thruruseltrrs," C(nrnse-lgrérn (Var, 1933). "Reporl (d (Juidance (hvwnittee fLH tlnélhrrd Fcunuhation typerinuntt in lgjucatixnrj' Crnnrselgntrn (Stqgtember, 1933). "teptnditnf Senrior 131ans," Cournurlgrtru (Feliruaryg 1947). ”Report of the Delegate Assembly,” Occupations, XXVlll (May, 1930}, {othne}, chdnrtd.?d., and Parnell, Gail F. ”lhe Lvaluation of‘Guidance and PBlSKHHHJl ServiCeusfl' rewiekrcd'lklucatitnmal {esear Ir, XXX (April, 1960). R1155£rll , 5?. 11. 'T)CCNJpértitnra1. Itrttuwnat itnr I'nptd tarrt," llre ghaurtral of Arkansas lkhumn but, XVII (January, 1944». Scott, mea. "A Case Shidyand a Xeed.” lhe Journal of Arkansas Lducation, XXI éJanuary, 1948). “Senior Plans,” Counselgram (April, 1946). "Srmm:llighlights in? the Annual Adlumrsas Counseltnss' ConferenCe," Ctninseelgrtyn ttrcttfirer, 19:31). Speerg (flurrge S. 'Tkzrtificatiinrtnt Counseltn.s and Pstmfinrlogical Services by Professional Organizations,'()ccupations, XX\11 (February, 1949). O'"‘ State Counselors‘ fleeting Report,” Counselgram (DeCember, 1949). I ,. Still, C. A. "Reginnirrg a GuidanCe Program," 'lhe .'lournal. ot Arkansas leucat ion, ‘XX tl‘ebrtlar}, 1947‘ , Studebaker, John W. ”The Iew occupational intormation and Guidance Services,” Hccupations, XVII rfiovemher, 1935), .'SlIUCiiE'S (3f chzat itnral. lxluczat iorr Sr LX51C(?S Pleanrn d," ’Lht’ ltrurrral olf Arkansas Lducation, \XXI ’Uctober, 1937), "Summary of Publicity Committee Zeport tor 1932—33,” lhe Vocational .7 d Guidance Haga7ine. X1 ida., 1933)- 485* “Sunurvisor's rcttcz.” CHUHSVlQVam ’Tanuary, 194?), Teaguv, Mrs. {annetk A, ”Refresher Gonfarence at Arkansas luch..” Uounaclgram roanuary, 193a). ”lhc UUHthliUH in grief,”<)ccupations, XX\111 éfiay, 1930). ’lliompSon, Albert 5. "A Rationale for Vocational Guidance," 'l’ln» Pvzsonncl arnl {niiden1cc .Touriial , X\C\Il f)uay, 1931+). 'Wliifica1i4n1-—A iANJk at tlne Prng)sals,"()CCanatitun:. XXYlllf (May; 1930). Vineyard, Cathczinu N. ”Cuidance Program SponSors Carcer Day at Hclcrualligh,” lht’.h»urnal id xeransas lkjucatilni, XX.(1)cttdkw‘,l946). 1(elfbnari, 17:arn< 1'. "llm: (3)51 of (JtLLJaIICc' St rx icc5;," 'lher CLiid—4)-C7raw1 (May, 1 3 " kcriiich, 1&alph (I. ”A EStatthiTuidarKn: Sca\uicCrz\ids \X)C8tlJfllal lxlucat.h)n.” Occupations, XXX .Apzil, 1931). WilliamSon, Mrs. Horace. “Does a Vocational Guidance Program Pay ” 'llw Journal of Arkansas 1*ducation, XXT (lit-t‘rtiary, 19148). léilkins, Williawrz)., and Perlinnttn , “arbara 7. 'dfiuelfliilosophical 1 tuirhdzit ltHliS «Xt‘ (Etiitlarices arrtl IJchstanriirl 16t): k ,'° 13i’\'lt M’ t‘f lKlLJCEll itlila l Reacarck, XXX (April, 1960). "1x’}.rr1r1e Cart-er 1‘); y," The Journal of Arkansas ltlucation, XXTI (March, 1930). ' (HlVUIIlltHI PrxngraWI, Aquariceni Pt» sonrnil arnl (RiidaniC£‘1X551x2iatiin1,” ”1936 C he PezSonncl and GuidanCu Journal, XXXIV (March, 1936). l C. RLPHRlS Arkansas State Departmcnt of Education. Division of Vocational rducation, ()ccurntitiunal llflk)rma1ilni and (HJidaHCU Ekmwsich. 'HXnnual 1AQM) t—— 19Q2—43,” little Rock, 1943. (Typewrittcn) 459- l)i\xi:sittn ttt‘ atltmat itHla l l.dticeit itnt, ttCJCttpEltlA)luil lttft>ruvat itut and Guidance StrvicPs. 'thnual Wtscriptixt-ikqxn't for Vocational Lducation—-1942—43.” Littlv mock, 1943. ‘lypcwtittcn) , ll1\'i$lJJH «it (turat iornal 1 dtn2at iott. tm:c1n)at.iotn31 tllitfl‘nai iott and tdiidaruua St» 'iCUS. “Anrnual Dvscr‘iptch tn port tkn"tocan ional ltlucat“ion-u-1944JJ+S.” 1 ittlt' Jock” '1943. (lttmwvtit ten) , Division of Vocational Lducation, Decupational information and LnihlanCr Std‘sicvs. "EXnnual lkzscriptixtelicport , Man 1943.” Little Rock, 1943, Llypvwrittcn) ,lJiViSlAHltflf Vocatiknual idUCallAHl,(lCCUpaliLHHBI 1nformatitn1 and (Alidancv EhancicPs. 'vmtnual lh:scriptixm+ltcport, '1944—45.“ Little Rock, 1943. tlypcwritten) , DiViSikHltJf Vocational lxnu3ation, Occupatitnual informatitnt and fuidancv Strticcs. "Annual Descriptive Report for Vocational Lducation——l943—46.” Little Rock, 1946. ‘lypewritten) , Division ot \ocational Education, Pccupational Information and Guidance SrtViCCS. ”Annual Descriptivv Report, 1946—47.“ Liiiltf Rock, '1947. t'lypcvn'itten) , Division of Vocational Laucation, occupational Information and Guidances Services. ”Annual Discriptite Zepozt, 1947—45,” Little lock, 1948, (typewritten) , 1)i2 is itnt «31‘ \k)ceatit)tual Ltluc3at 1A)” , ()cc2ugiat‘ittnzal lrtft):'n£ttittn and Guidach szvices. “Annual Dcscriptiwc Report, 1945—49.“ Little lock, 1949. (typewritten) Division of Vocational Lducation, hccupational intormation and Guidance Services. ”Annual Descriptch Report—~1949~30.H Little tock, 1930. ftypcwrittcn) , Di 1510” of Vocational Lducation, wccupational Information and GuidanCc SrFYiCeé. ”Annual Descriptive kepozt—-1930—31.” ‘Litt le 'UJCk, 1931.. t'itptwvritttdt) — 19()- , Division of \ocational lducation, Dccupational 1nformation and Guidance SurvicCs. ”Annual Dcscriptive Rvpu11—-1931-32,n Little Rock, 1932. tlypcwrittun) l)i 'isi4)n (Jf \ijéttitntal Ithdcat itnt, (HTCLlDal itntal. illicfl“nat'iutt and Guidance SetViCrs. ”Annual lescripticc Report—~1932—33.” Little Rock, 1933. tlypewrittcn) lliViSiAHl of \chati4n1a1 lkhicatitnr.()ccrnuational. Inttn'natitnt and Guidance Serrices. ”Annual DescriptiVe Zeport——1933-34. Little Rock, 1934. typewrittcn) lJiX'isitnttJf \1n:atitntal lhlucat.ion, (tcc11patitn1a1 littornkttitnt and Guidance Services. ”Annual UtSCtiptiVe chort-—1934-33." Litt 1c ifock, 1933. tlypcwrit ten) , t)ivisitntt>t \kmxational lklucatitn1,thcup M'h nal Itdk)wnatitut and Guidance Scrvices. ”Annual Wcscriptive Report——1933—36. l-ittlt-lh)ck, ‘1936. (Iyyxwaritttdt) OI , Divisitnttnf Vocational tducatitn1,(tccupational Inftnwat ban and Guidance Scr ices “Annual Descriptch vaozt——1936-37.” i.itt1t> tock, 1937. (1313vunfittett) , Division of Vocational Lducation, Dccupatiomal Information and CHILJanCc Ehw‘aiCes. '1\nnua1_lkescriptintrltcport-u-l937-38.“ Little Rock. 938. ~1vawrittcn) ,—l , Di\ision of Vocational Education, Occupational Information and UUldBHCE Scrviccs. ”Final Lvaluation Report Based on a Pupil Questionnaire and Utilvtia tor Evaluating fiuidanc: Programs in Secondary Schools. Form a. for cha High School {Half-time Pro- gram), ch8, Arkansas, rebruary 12, 13, 1932." little lock, 1932. TVimcographcd) , llix'isi4)n t)i \\JCE1titntal Ithtcat'itut, t ccnipat_itntal. Irtttn"nat.itnt and GuidanCe Scrvices. ”Final tvaluation {cport of the Guidance Program in Hopc High School, Hctohcr 23, 24, 1932.” Little Rock, 1’ 32. (Flimetggratfltth) l)i. is 1(nt (Jf \«»(:at_it>nail l dttcatt itnt, t«;Ct)pzat iklnéil 1111L)L’Dai itin and Guidance Services. ”0.1.G,S. Report Xumbcr 6.” Little Rock. lanuarfir 3, 1943. (”TypewritttWt) ~191- t)isisitut ot \chatitntal tklucat ion, ttccnlpat htnal [HitHVHatiJHl and GUidaDCv Services, ”lvatl for August and Scptvmhcr.” Littlr Rticd< ( Yt’al' ll\)l g,inse n F. 'ltfptakn‘i,tt tll) lct t “ial. ). Pix)! lt~ms itt tiotntst~1tir itzaittittc. »h,port \‘f a (NJDfGIK?DCC In 1d an [Kansans Slalt‘ lvacluxrs thillegc, Pittsburg, 1930. '"lat'lot‘ Ptu)lic: Stdtottls l .P.tI. lkuutnlat‘itnt Ptxtgrérn, 19336—-3?." titt tlte files of the Supcrintttnhwtts of Schtudss,‘laylor Public Schools. tailor, Arkansas.) iflte Pu‘katnsas ltnlustt ial_l)c\%:1tnwnent Crmrmissidnt. 'lhe l irst. thir, .Iult' 1933-1u1r 1936, a Report to thr flowcrnor and the onplc ot Atlgattsass tr out the .Atl, llrmlpfit. "lixailuéatzirnt (AtT l’ctlur'a1.1}' attd St.at.c .A ldt‘d CdlitlallC(‘ I3rt)— grams in the Puhlic Scfinulls of Arkansas." 'Cnpuhlishcd Ld.D. dissrrtation, Syracuse tnivwrsity, 1949. ~192— ihxrtlriczk, Lancrtwrct- (I. "iuitlattct+ arul tlic f.at itnt's Lgctuls.'f .Akhllthf (1t'1.173t”1'tJ(1 alt t ltt' ;\ttt1t.ea 1 titsrtx’t-rtt ittlt tit‘ tlrte £\'Ut>r‘ i(:attt 19£>t‘&attttttt-l Eatttl Guidach,Association, St. Louis, April 2, 193%. tflimeographcd) tuarrt)d, tjcrnggc 14. ”finistw'v;ititn1s (HI localtlat.iott ot tht' otiidentct> Prwtgrtrws in {thty-fch Arkansas High Schools.” “ndatcd. (Himcoataphéd) ht} midi, Etcttjawrin (3. 'TA ‘rqu3tirnt Stu at to t otntseltir Iraituzrs." Arniust 12, 1.9 31 . 3 It] tilt‘ i i 1tl ChtuttstJltnr‘s ' tjtwnt ct‘EthkJ, \%ttlivf' l-rulgt-, Pctit lean State Park, Scptcmbcr 17—15, 1939.” (In the files of the Secretary ot the Arkansas School Counselors' Associatirm.) (typewritten) ' ”Mitnltes «if tin? \hwhtitu; tiT the {\rkarnuis Siluhfll tknntscltirs, Tioxtwnhcr‘ i, 1937.” Littlc Rock, 1937. {in the filcs of thc State Director cu tIUidaIKM? and ltmsting SaI"UiCtS, erkansnhs State llcpa:tnmdtt of Lducatitnt.) tTypcwrittcdt) Xatitnual.Asstx:iatitnt«if Cuithntce SlflfifiViStHES and thgunScltn‘ Iraituw‘s. “A Kational Study of txisting and tcCommcndad Practices for Assisting Youth Adjustmvnt in Selected [lamentary Schools o1 tlte ’rtittul Stzatcs." Atnt Allntt, 19373. ()1anrgitatnicd) Norris, Willa. "'lhtr llistorj,‘ and 1'_)L-i-'~.'vlopmcnt of the National Vocational Guidance Association." tnpublished Doctoral dissertation. George tiashiJugton ’ttiycrsit v, hasliingttnt, D.tZ.: Il-bruart' 22, 1934. PrnA , Lrniis tlilly. "Ihe lilSlLH ical tittuqth atnl Dcxtaloptuwrt td’ the f§tu't11 (Iat‘trlitta (htitlattct: Tltnxcfnvttt ." ‘ nl>u171.isttct1 13h .D . tlis;st-rtea— tion, The tnivcrsity ot Torth Carolina. 1935. —193— fitmfluult 1H1h151111111~ 75d ikH1.“ .4pthclt dt‘iiKI‘?tfl1 it) thta St 81\‘ ”élet’YS Ahvxican hankvrs A55tW1}H Lut,f* 1‘1 1\'15 11111 mi 1 17m Lani Evach, Hctohur 2b, 193a. Smith, Glenn 1. “A Study of the Status of Statv GuidanCc P ouzaim ' (M‘fiCK‘tJf \thati4ntal lxiucat’btn, lh-part'ncnt (1f Ptu>lic lttstth2titn1, lansing, 19h]. (Mihtugtaphvd) lltownxstnt, 13a} . ’Wjotntse lot 'lra lflijtg in Eltati- SIHQUl‘Uiékwl fu>u141 (fitilcfigts atnl “nixxwesitivs ht Statt s witlti'ual ‘tlucatitnual SySlt”N$." 1933. 1. (11111.11 Sti'iic‘lb‘ Letter ttxvu111an C. Andttwq, President 1% [\rkansas PbiSkHHH‘l and Guid— ancc A:sociation, Southern Statv College, Magnolia, Axkanaaa, July 21, 1938. xln the files of thc Secretary of the Arkansas branch, the Anvrican PGFSUHHV1 and Guidance Association.t Academic Dyan of Southern State Cnllvgv, Mangolia, Atkanaas, lkfljruazy 14, 1935. ’Mihvogzaphed) Lcttcw‘ from lhfilph Cam.g "§3.(lffiCc td'l.ducatixu1, Dtyartwndtt of H altfu l dthEit icHl, artd 1§£‘11£ift‘, lieasltittgttgtt,l),(2. , TQLfittrnbt‘r 7, 1 9:39 . {1.n the files of thr autho1.t Letter from George lx’. llarrod, Counselor '1‘rainvr at Southe-rn Statv th)11cge, Tdautn\lia, [Atkintsas, :Xuguat 31, 1931. ”111 the t ilcs of the State Dircctor of Vuidancc and Tcsting Seryiccs, Little Huck.) , Gruntseltn‘ Traiju r at :SUU11H'IH r¥tatt‘ Cn11x+gu. fdaututlia, ;\rkanaas, May 28, 1932. ’11] the tilyq of thy Statv Hit‘vct‘oz of guidanCc and Tusting Services, tittlv Rock.) , thuntarlcu"lraintw‘ at Stnjlhtlllizlalc th>llvgie. Magrnwlia. Atkéntsas, (1cottn r 1a, '1932. (III thv t ilcs 1d? the :Statv (1f (IU111attCt' attd 11‘5t ing; St’f\'1th5. 1.itt'1c litm1k. 1 Hi: \*Cl 01‘ ltd tVI‘ ftxvn lluglt Liv vtt , Au katkt‘ ot’ (£uidancU and 113-1111; .39.: ViCt‘S. Lit t 1v rock.) ~¥li I'll-Ill." Iii iii III! I! {littllls Ail! APPIL‘JIHX A Naps —196— Location of the First Twenty-eight Reimbursed Guidance Programs In Arkansas s 4 8 MW 0 m .o. 2 l a... . .u N a O o 0.. o O r. o. to .....0000 :0.1 Whg .o. .... .... - o... .o. o n o ' 60 0.00 0... 00¢ 0.00 .0. C w W... . q o... .1 .. .... .o. 2 7 .. o: o.. .1. ... 2 . o. . . . .00. c. on .o. co. u... m . .. .. o. o. o... 4 on..o.o .o...c..o.o.o 3 . . n ..u l 3 a... .o...... .0... 2 0. «Id 0. o h . .n............ ..4.....u...n . :- ..... oo. . on... ....... o. o. 5 ..u.. a... 00”....000 N .o o...‘ 0.... o. o. 0 O. .0 .00 .0000 000 0 Q... 1.. .00 00.0... so“... on. o 0...... o... .o. :3. o. .. o c . .... . .. 6 .o.. .06.. .0... o... 2 3 a: ”0....- 1 Dooooo.o 000 0.0.0.0.... l . ...oo. ..o c o... . .oo.oo.ooo.. 5 afoot. ....... 8 9 0.00.... .00.... 0. 2 .00.... 6 0.. I 2 . o. . o .o. .o... .. ..... .. 0.. ...... o. . ... . 6 on... o .0 o o. H. .0 4 0. co. 2 O. 0.. l O O D. I .0 O. .O... . ..o: c. .uooouu... 2 .nc. «H..u8 ...n..... 0 0. 0.0090000... 0. I... ooooc..oo... 2 .... o. . ..... o . o. 0...... O. .000 O. .0‘...‘ . .o. o... 9 ...1.t. t... o... ...:... 1 .. ..... .. ... 0.0 5 0.00.... on... I”.. 7 O 0.. o. l o... a. ‘c‘. o o. 2 ...... o. to... O'COOQHOOOOOOOO 1 “0.6.0.0. .uu. . .4. ...uo..... .. .. o. o l .o..... u... u.....u ... . oa... .... o... ..n... o..u.. .o....... . o... 9 2 ..u........uun. 3.... . ....... 1 O. .0 O O 0.6 THE HIGH SCHOOLS 15. Huntsville Voc. School 16 . Hermitage 17 . Searcy 18. Wilson 1. Crossett 2. Scott 3. Cotton Plant 4. Malvern 19. Havana 5. Monticello 6. Fordyce 7. Helena 20. Magnolia 2 1 . Dover 22 . Marianna 8. Friendship 9. Horatio 10. Imboden 11. Nashville 12 . Foreman 23. Lake Village 24 . Blytheville 25 . North Little Rock 26. El Dorado 27. Hope 13. Mabelvale 14. McCrory 28. Parker's Chapel —197- Geographical Features of Arkansas ”m” Lowlands Highlands 0‘. l a .1 w e .11.. g A d .m m p S i - s Y mm m MP C 00.0.0 0...... .000000. __._I la .o...00.. cocoooooo Counselor Trainer Territory - 195 1-1955 Lovett . .. O... .0... 0...... COCO... 0.....09 ..... ......... o... ...... .’O... .“. ......u.. 0.... 00‘ McKnight Morehead C] m Harrod APPlCl‘-.1)1.\ R Cha r t: s .iii' ' 'i I'li 1 l.l. 'i.’ l .411" :1"?! ll. 10' -199- cofigoumom 30800on 09.3030 :0332 39.3% zopdhanmsmmx A 24 gunman—050m ac 3:00.004 cofimu>aoq=m 29940 Dam OmUmZ 0550.9 ooh 051:0 manaouo> £055 moozow :ofimoscm ngmsucu can 003m. 00.5350 00300 :35 ozuqfirnm a moafioco0m 0803 0 a a u d s 0 C a .4 ZOEfiDn—m 220560> m 000200 0 c m m #0 o n 0 w 0023.; can 335m on >t000$ unansm no :0300 10:4 0:0 own—Loam EmmmOmm mDAmmDm acadmh. moo.— nouo> .8“ “26.5“; floonom 333.505 con—00:3 5:003. com .330:me no 003382004 cofinoufluoo 203.40ng 02¢ ZOEEUDQM «HIDE :ofloozvm 3895 coflaoavm "33> .. 0534 830053 383 25 53am nonoosum .30 «and :00380504 .8300va 3.5m con loosen 3000003 .83 unoacm E08083“; ZOFODEMZH moEom .Couoousm doosom muss» “00:0... 33m «0 :03??nt 8247:» mango doonom aoflouaoo L0 35 doonom 33 Hoonom mtooox can 3.60mi 200A 0cm meson con—5 nEma xoonuxoa :ofintoomcmh. Ema doonom ZOFEszHzn—d 20340me «HO mmzoummEEOU 29.20me 220509 m2 920m 925 203.6me m0 Oman mhflam 6va .codmosvm «o EoEtmomQ 33w mmmcmxha. “taco 3.5333090 -200— .32 6 nos: £2583 3 v38 33 328:4 2: E “.883 .H Ecumlm H965"; 3:0 335w 5 E2095 £055 fioonom Ecom< “96.522 33m 05:35. Eummnozuuco :ozmosum “16¢ Emuooum mcmcouw> 3:09:00 mzmudm 380m vagina Begum acmum :oflntonmcab. savor—concurs mcvoq ~oonom b.5095 n3an muouvzm aoonom 2.5.50.5 3003on 302:5 3500a 3809.... “03508.3 5950.5 “20:00 35 Hoozom EmE Hoonom mnmtmumz 3—830:me a __ L 53.5ng 05350.3.“ i— —\ couch—35504 “mucofigoofl lauwfidflmfimm - «A = 3233.5 can «not. 0052030 030333030 mogocoom 080m wuszsotut. :ofloozum Ancozmuo> .5303“ mogmmw A mOm mmZOHmmH—zEOU HZ§gmHZHEQ¢ «Om MmZOHmmHEEOO EDmuQ 34 50:3 Hooficm 3.4 59595 2223’ 34. :ouflfimnwm Eco 2m00> 34. aucoflm00> 2.8095 0?. 35:00 34. 2.3005 3.500.» mHZmEmmmDmma goo—Low co Emfismcoo mueonom use .350me mOHBmEka w mogmmm 202.233. 304 cucmommm 305.60 conga—um 35.60 320302.50 £0095 c3330 amcoflomoxm no“ cosmoavm :oUmozum >3“:meon .5300va 35m Eur—082m Begum 23m :ofimosvm 0.502 cofimuafitoo can :onmozvm 5:003. mmogmmm QZOgODm—HWZH «Om mmZOHmmEEOO HZflmem: _ ZOEkODQm m0 mmZOHmdeEOO _ L vmma .conmosum Ho EoEtmamQ 28m manage "taco #983320ka -201- SHDZ Hg 0:3. u Hoonom H00H0:00.H.uH0003000> 0 000032, 03 00235. EBmu05ucO .305 N mc0u0u0> magnum “cm I 03:00 How 30004 H0>oan< m 05050.5 finz HHH 0H3“. m cofl0uHHHn0n0m H000Ho0x m map—03> Bu .0m “H004 m 0030320000 0 0000.505 0.53220; .0 0030030m 0>3=ngmHQ v coflgsnm 00:008. N 00¢ 30 m0 500.30 .3 coaosvm .2650 000E. m mHoonom No 00303000000. 00300050000 333005 N 08050.5 9500a. N 00H80000m 0803 N 0 00330096 H 0235 003005 «0 mew—moi 0000030 H 0033032 3003003, H mmDSmmm con0uHHE050m H0con000> H 592 03E. mmogmmm QZOPODEmZH «Om mmOSmum 205493543 mmUSxmm 4420569, «Om mm mmZOHmmHSHEOO HZdamHmmAN 72 mdng .HO ”590530 MOEQSO m0 ”—090an TZOHmmEEOO Bahama 0.00am A $52 u x 0:2. m H2000» 0 36:4 8055 Hoogom v 263.4 v 80505 3300 Hoosom n 0003002004 34 0005 N 0805000 00:00 50.00 N 080505 .00..H H0895 v 3.500m 0:0 xHHSH Hoonom N 005; H00000m N H0303 0:32 N 50000.5 mngm m muboom .00H>00m 000m N 0505000 000:» 000% H 00.000089 H 003030000009 N 30095 H0030»... H000.H H 2055 Hoonom H . J mszwflmwmbmma maéfifi 3:03 Hoonom H whmOnHDm .HOOHHOm HHOZDH Q24 UZHHZDOO QZOPODEmZH mmmdfimm 924.5 H4004 m0 mOHOmmHQ .HOOHHUm .HO mOHOmEQ u0< no ”580530 m0 mOHUmEQ .HOOHHOm m0 mOHDmmHQ H H _ L HmooEom 0030320050.: 0 0030053 30030002 0030003 H0003000> .3 00000 90% 000.90 .005 ZOBRODQN m0 ”320532200 _ 08000 000% m I 0000805 m ZO§OU 32 5030033 mo Eoetaoa 305 00000020. €020 3003002090 APPKKJH X C FUI'FHS —203~—- 'I'RA l ‘ m: ' S CurkSiLuR lo: rung: Lovett , Siale:i§uper“fiisor, FL Lil. t. 1C RUCk From: (Counse lur 'l‘: a ine 1‘) School Full— Zx‘a'ne of Cuunselor time. \TSllAllWX R 1 PM}? T ,8, State Dept. of Education, 3 (Irist‘itlJt‘iinr) Date of Visit Half- time NO. yea I‘ s p rug ram has operated E—-FXCellent S—‘Satisfactory l. ADMIRISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP Administraturis) Attitude Sclmxlule «3f cgnulselin"s tirne Remarks ”——Un5ati3fact0ry Crunxxratixni N-—Nut Present l] . \JURKlNC l—NIIA'J‘TOT‘JSHIP IX Principal Staff [unnarks ( 17. 'I DA .2le PM KJPAM Co'wuun i ty Agenc ie 5 ll I . PHYSICAL FACT 'Ll'l'l [S Counselor’s Office——Location l4uy1ting \tnrtilatixnl General Appearance Furniture Clerical (lffice llelp Privacy Outer Pulletin Boards Budget {emarks l\,[;-H1\U[D‘HAAL If‘lWfiQTUFW’ Fiflrkn‘ for e+ufl1 pupil Pupil.l)ata lestiru; Prograwr lnM-»r‘pr‘etation of recwds to india-‘idual pupils. 9 10 , l] 12 P05 it ive Leade r511 ip In In}! -204~ V. OJVXSLLI G Counselor-pupil ratio , Counselor-pupil relationship Progress in counseling , Counseling notes , Average time per counseling conferenCe . PerCent coverage, 9 , 10 , 11 , l2 i‘se «hf tw:feq‘ral. agfintcixas (tther‘ CLHHIS 1 ing Remarks VI. UCCKPATlUKAL AXD LU CATIUEAL I FURHAIION Materials Hccupational Information Class, 1 tutit____ E tn1it____ 9_____ 1CL____. ll_____ l2_____ Yse of referral classes ____, 9____ 1Q____ lr____ 12____ School catalogs___; Career Days____ College Days____ Forums____ temarks \‘ll . PLACER {.‘x’l‘ AND l7t'lLl..Cl‘.~l-UP Part—time Jobs Full-time jobs Further training ln-school counselees Graduates Drop-outs temarks \TIl I. lHZSIQXRCHI Sttnlies beitngtnade: Community surveys Institutional stuides cher Remarks 1 x, 0 ‘l‘lngtrz Ram Ks -203- P .Pll- “ALVA [1(1‘.‘ H17 (it IDA uClI PRt’thZAVl tirade l. tlo Ytnlltaye EH1 indixxidual tkglder (H‘ reCtnti in tin? couruuelor's ottice’.‘ Yes L‘xo Don’t know 2. Have you filled in a form containing perSonal information such as family background, health, likes, dislikes, etc.) Yes No Don't Know T3. llaxma yu>u tdrit‘tett all arrtrfi3ic§;rarfltyi‘ 3125 Zio Dtnt't it1' t: littt)VJ 10, Do you telieye your counselor is :eally interested in you? Yes Ne» llon't‘ knth 11, Do your parents know that they can meet with you and your counselor to discuss your tuture plans? Yes \o Don’t know 12. Does or would your counselor help you to find part—time o: full—time jots? Yes lo Don't know “206— 1185: ynvur' Ck‘UIlSt'lle lie lptwl ynvu itt Sk‘it‘Ci itn; yxtur' CKJU! st-sf lhw ytntltaxe a tplart ft” Lhé'ltext stew) it] sctnaol «tr untrkf in talking with your counselor which of the following were ul and which were not helpfulfi Check with an \. C(HJHS(‘10[‘i191131Hg>YUO it) [trink through my planning or problems more logically Counselor helping me to see tn>tlt 5 idth ()f 23 t)latt CH‘ t)rrfinleWI C(HJHS€:10! ltelt)ing,rne to tyettezr understand My interests ~iy strong points My weak points . Just talking it over Information about jobs or schools Counselor ' s suggestions l? Ye 5 lo 14. \lrE) 5 ‘V L) 13. he i p f lle~l})ft11 16. gram? Hhat do you like best about your Counselor or the guidance pro— .. z . gram. hfltat dc) yrnl l.ike% leéast atntut‘ ytnlr (20LH15E’101‘ or‘ the‘ gttidattcea prtw— 8" \v I 1 gram tdhat integest bans LL) ytntltaxe: for‘ anrrn'ing ttxr guithance t>ro— in your school.‘ _202_ PLAT (>17 PRHPUSIJD Pilt,>(ll1AT‘-l HF (Il't DANG}: A41) CULTSlil {It} , 1960—61 Schrwd Ilistrict Era of Count}; :eransas (flame of School) White Colored The answers to the following questions supply facts which are sidrnitted fkn‘ apprmxzal of tlue guidarmx%})rograWI1ht the atnvn: named ‘school district for participating in IDLA and/or State funds for guid- ance and counseling. 1. Standardized tests of Mental Maturity and/or Multiple Aptitude and Achievement have been will be made available to all stu— (hnrt: in one CH"UOFG (d ggrades seimwt eight nine ten 2, ls the proposed guidance program adequate to meet the needs of stu- dents as outlined in the enclosed statement,”Standards for Cui- ‘\ dance". \. Yes 4o 3. Have adequate equipment and materials been provided) Yes No llas ea priywate edifice: beett prruxideti for tflus ccnntselcny‘ Yes:::: \{::: it. Name cw (MMJHSBlUf Type of (Hertificate Degree or semester hours Semester hours in guidance courses A. Does the counselor plan to have fifteen (13) semester tours in giiidatnn: by! the entd (fl: suurmer scfltool. 1962.‘ Yes 1o b. Experience: (1) Number years teaching experience (2) Number years work experience other than teaching Cf) ~_/ How many students will be assigned to the counselor? (approximately 0. 'Iype (d3 prograqn Hailf tinne Filll. tixne Kthe mtnttlts 'Yett unintlts lidelixe 'ULHltilS 7. Contract salary of Counselor: S Dates: Signed: fSuperintendent of Schools) -—_———-_-_-——-————————--——-—--————————————-_—————_—-——————-_—————_————-~—_— thebnburseqmnrt: S [tectrnmetnied tDy: l)irecttu‘, Guixhntce Sewwsices) Approved by: 'Commissioner of tducationl Submit titree copies tkn‘ each counselrn‘tngt later than Srrntmnuw‘ 1. 1960. Return to Hugh Lovett, Director, Division of GuidanCe Serinrs. State Department of Education. Little Rock, Arkansas, -205— C ”LSLLUR Ct lRACl. CU ”SLtHR Q‘ALlFltA'tt 3. TYPE tFF PtUt(HLA=l Ftdi (V IIMX LN: Sll{\'IC}}3, 19 - l9 'IixxaCLJtt: t ive: Ctipix13. i\de) ctipit-s ttw bx) I‘et u: Ht‘d iL) State Department of lducationl School District no. of County, Arkansas (C(uinsealtu‘) (ficln)ol.) hdiitt: Ctilorw—d iYPtltth PK‘KHUAW A J)(JtVXSthH{ Q AiJlilCAlltifi§ 1. Type of program—check or fill in correct space: A. l’ull time ti. Half time (1) Yes iio (1) Yes Tlo (2 } féunnver‘ of‘ caaletnjat‘ quinttis (2‘) ?£uwnver' ot‘ calletnlar‘ months 2. Cinntseltn"s ciualilficatilnis iii Ctuniseltn' qtualifitwlfi A. lype of certificate ’ Expiration date of Certificate lltJQITCEB tir S£“n('Sl.Ct' ltrntr (I) Sequestem7 hrun s itt(3uid£HICe courses ' C, Ynmber of years experience as counselor STAII wF ARKANSAS CH TRACT 'Htis ccnttract annl agreennnit, hetvnwwi as Directors of School District ‘kn party of the 3 first part, and . hereinafter known as (Rain; tuf Cinntseltir) tlie [Jar tt' of thx: SffCtflld par t, WllTLSStJN: Peart}' (d? tlie t it st peart b5” a rna jot it}' \Ktié‘ (3f the: tlllI‘Cl UI'S tfirt-stwtt at' a It gal ly-lteltl mem-titn; tut , 19 , agttw s tts (Wq‘10}7 par ty -——. of the second part as counselor in the abo.e—named school district fit a ten"n of “must agree xvith A- 2) tM‘ w—‘2l, abrux-l calendar wnntths beginning , l9 , paying fox said setviCes the sum of pct"nnniit. Pati}’(fli tin: seetnnl part engtees tt» cinnily tcith all laws prescribing his duties as a counselor and all trasonahle rules and regulations prescribed by the party of the first pa:t U") ~209— thPuLSSlTHl: fitllsll*.l D) According to regulations set up in the State Plan, thv following arc tlue responsilmilities of tlu9 counseltn‘ Blith [Dart ies lietxgtt» agl«:e tliat alul sttgps "takxnt urujex‘ the: ten us (it this contract shall be in accordance, with all laws and regulations gov- erning the employment and Compensations of classroom teachers. It is agxmwul that saithtw‘ part}frnay thvninate:tfliis ccnrtract thy gixdxu; the (nfier party 30 days notice or by mutual consent of the parties conCerned. It this contract is not put in operation on date stated, the State Director of Guidance Services will be notified immediatel}z GiVen this the “day of , 1960, (President ot School Roard) (Secretary ot School board) (Counselor) Approval reCommendcd by Director Approved * Ctvnmijssitnter‘ ot hthJcat:itut} lA full—time counselor shall be assiguuufl full—time guidance duties A half-time counselor shall be assigned at least half-time vach day to guidance duties. (hwnbinatixnls of (naunseJJWr-priJu3ipal «tr ccmnuuelor—ctwufli are [hit reimbursable. AREA SAS STATE QUARD HF [DiCAllUK REIT“) RSlibllfii'l‘ liliQi'lSl 'llt'tl; l-‘t 'tl‘i f; . D, l. , A . . Lilli; \'—A (.tlllANClj AND '.i‘l".S'l'lFJ(l Scluxwl District Post office’ County Expenditure incurred during the semi—annual period checked below, fis- cal year ending June 30, 19 lst Period 2nd Period tkuling,l)eceanber‘ 31 trnling ,June: 30 ,ll.t,A, , litltz‘V—A bkwwvices 1. Guidance and Counseling — Counselorts) Salary 8 S 2. Testing A. Ifiumbez‘tdftitudentés’lested 8. Actual Cost of Testing S I certify that the above statement is correct and that the funds have been expended in accordance with the regulatirms of the State if-‘oard of Education and apply for reimbursement rdfl ; . . . . . S \- Signed Secretary of School Board Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of . l9 N ot' a ry Public R E l 748771-18[Flt-NT R li C0 RI) Stattel7unds ’litle Y-A_1WJHdS Counselorts) Salary S S s 3 Testing 3 S Recommended by Director, Guidance Services Approved by Commissioner of Education County Treasurer should credit this allocation to the operating fund of the school district. In accordance with federal regulations, these ftnuis are:tnnt srd3ject to ctmvuissixut frn‘ harnlling. Please :tdnnnt'this copv tt>tlu lli ision «fl (fiuidance Services, State Department of Education, Little Rock, Arkansas. (1 A) DIS? .‘llSlLCC ftl717'ICl-I COPY . athl ll I! ’I‘ I APPhYDl\ D Tables .Av... .cco_ -2l2- >< a::v _m::w~;: :w~;__:: Lm~;;9;ebzvsz > 5:24sz Elf/raw: .U “campm kc mesxecz ausmwflso o_ xxx 1 >1 > >4 ><>< ><><><><>< f/t/g g: 713:3; .15 :CH “HWQZCH ::wwmowow.ezz me;xe:r nC:m_m_ :Hw_q> x :3 z 2 ~ ._ ii Ems; mflnfiezfiemu Hrs .UH.:~mMA_ w:w?:>3 H_Hm.:.omeH x mwzfimewfi/ “miz :: 3:5 :mmZ mflzflwewy .::Ecs> :mfig mmXMH x “tummy~::w~ wfiCwa PHHZOV‘ mzafino.mu Fta:.w fizmfimH 25:2 x mfi.:ww_zm_:_im ZZMmZC meo:m~xc 3H :: QHAmeA_ :e,:og m:fl~:.mu Leger x xec> 3am Cowxmx 3px kmmewi 353 sczmthc Hmzcwbm: .soemzbsi s .:_:c..: ._ 7. 2.5.. 5.1;: .55.; ><><><><>< ; V ><><><>1>< X meaoumazcm: iew:m;Em: 3oz x m©m>ix x i::A .fsfirm omoa echeUL: .:CH me:.¥:+_flzvxz ~:?wdmuHHHQ,TXu H C msompm 2:4;mx;30 giizom mzmH::w HHjAumlfl T. mxmxexd: Hggflmmwmmflf m.:ma::w7 __m«fwzobe m..;m::ummnmfi U:mfi azfiai J.” mm. mzmflmflzco Axon nmm:cx $.61; HZLVH m.:wHH:__ £2: a: 2E2 osmzm: «NH 1:334 assess; «ZmZmH .5 H 30.." “0.32.30 nJJm.:oHAmu mazecHHHmU mam:mx._< WSQNH ._ < mamms< msmnm~< Frfiem Ii. ‘1! 'ulllll. :u. LII? Isl. -213— ImmoH rmoHIHmo H HHuqu:Cmo H ConIodoH odoHImdoH coo 0H Hmo HI :m H mm oHI Hmc H mpoHI mdoH mmoHI HdaH mmoledoH :moHchoH ICm OH :moHImdaH .HHflsHHHHH Lozsmom H3 maoH>sam mHHoHc/H.Hm msoHufTCm miuH>eiw .wwsHHHmu m; H:mHmHmm< mecca r .HH/ mw.u H boszqu t:m.:cHHmE yquvazc stm H:.HH1 yozmcHsc c:m :CHHmF, suzthsc tzm :CHH touzmwnHsz Hr. :r.Hn kuHqu quzoiHHHcm mmmzmx_< n mUHuH>H.H wow LH HHHU .gunoHHH.U HoHHzHuHHHHHHcm sz Hon:m:upe Esme. HHHH mmvH cmaszHH:t NH: m..:. ;H H:vH HmoHICmoH m..oH> Tom .oo:H:vH:HH i HonH Hm::HHmL:o co: f :sH:H HmesHngHiooHHL HCH:H Hmchngsou: . :Ht_H Hm::Hng:uuHst ..HH_H HWHH LHme :HegHscm snasz; H>H Hm; HmH. :H. 55.. H9:Hme9 mmmzmxe< , HmesHHsoHHw< “_;:HméH yHmHm meuH>uim muszqu .L:HmHH /. ’1 ‘ :ZmHLt:;: LesszHF Hzm mHmm< u:HHw_H HHmHmeosm HmHoeu¢m Hme_uyw HemHyHoLm HHmHyeuym H>HHHH :smH>e_::H% .HusmH::pU .:.H.omH:H:mH .HSH.om:H:HU ,:HHomH::oU con:::U H:H:U< HCHULHH: msoH>eLm io:mCH:$ c:m :CHHmEeszH Hmchngsou: “an HH_H;:m .HCH 915:3 mm Cir/Hem LoHrsmnm H: b>mLH :: :deteum :mHL: eHHHU HHCHtsm.H H :H: HHy3aH :mLH mFHHx :miH HHHos tsyHm :xHHHH H_H.H,uH_H :H_.HnH HHs,H H Hrbxmemrxa HH smmzmH HHOHHWHH .3 .Hw,.H3LD HsmrHHrseHoeH ._H n HH .1: H HHHHHHHW... .3 .: 23.22,. I_ EH: bijHHVHUHH THCH H32; in: HHHer v HHHHH rHHH H:Hmr:r:HHr Q HQ: mcoHImdoH suHHHi ”asuHsrTHm ioszH_:o.Hc ::HmHuLH_ H:::: Him L:::me; H Number of Guidance Programs by Counties - 1946-1963 1962 1963 1961- 1962 1960- 1961 1959- 1960 1958- 1959 1957- 1958 1956- 1957 1954- 1955- 1956 1955 1953- 1954 1947- 1948- 1949- 19504 1951- 1952- 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1948 1946- 1947 COUNTY 1. Arkansas 2. Ashley 3. Baxter 4. Benton 5. Boone 6. Bradley 7. Calhoun 8. Carroll 9. Chicot 10. Clark 11. Clay 12. Cleburne 13. Cleveland 14. Columbia 15. Conway 16. Craighead 17. Crawford -214- 18 . Crittendon 19. Cross 20. Dallas 21. Desha 22. Drew 32 . Independence 23. Faulkner 24. Franklin 25. Fulton 26. Garland 27. Grant 29. Hemstead 30. Hot Springs 31. Howard 33. Izard 34. Jackson 35. Jefferson 36. Johnson 28 . Green 10 10 37 . LaFayette 1962- 1963 1953- 1954- 1955- 1956- 1957- 1958- 1959- 1960- 1961- 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1954 1952- 1953 1947- 1948- 1949- 1950- 1951- 1949 1950 1951 1948 1946- 1947 1952 COUNTY 38. Lawrence 39 . Lee 40 . Lincoln 41. Little River 42. Logan 4 3 . Lonoke 44 . Madison 45 . Marion 46 . Miller 47. Mississippi 48. Monroe 49 . Montgomery 50. Nevada 51. Newton 52 . Ouachita 53. Perry 54 . Phillips 55 . Pike 5 6 . Poinsett 57 . Polk 58 . POpe 59 . Prairie 60. Pulaski 31 29 24 14 61. Randolph 62. Saline 63. Scott 64.5 arcy '2 CC ( astian 65.8 66 . Sevier 67 . Sharp 68 . St . Francis I _, Stonr 69. n ‘ninqton 1 71. Van Bur 72 . WQl' {‘1 (‘1 (\J 73. 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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x “000005 >002 000.50 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o 003002 0km 002000000 0 o o o o o x 030$ .0 :H x x x x x x x x 300$ 380$ x o 23m .4. .0 60530 $2 N000 $00 0000 0mm: 0mm: 32 0mg 32 $3 $3 $3 $3 023 0mm; 33 $3 quuwZDOO AOOmOm Imomfi Log 30mm“ Immma :mmmH snmmfi uwmmfi Immmfi nvmmfi Immmfi ImmmH IHmmH lemma Imvma vamH unvma Imvmg -221- x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 >02 .2 ...0 0000000 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o x >000000 >00 x 0000002 .> 00>0.0 0000200000 x x. x x 0ooznasnv.0s.>000y0 x x x x x x x x 00000.0 .0 .3 x x x x >000000 «00000.0 x 00000.0. 000000.00 000000> 0x00 00 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0000.000 :0 0000000 0000000 o x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 00000000003 0000002 >000 0030000 x x x x x o c o o o o o o o o o o .8000 .0 .2 05 883.80 x 00 0000.5 0002 o o o o o x 00000000 :0 .00 x x x x x x x x x x 0 0000000 .3 .Q 000000000 00 x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00003 .0 000000 00090090000 0 o o o o o o x x x x x x o o o c 0000000000 .0 000000 0000080 c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o x o 000002 00000 0000000 0 o o o o c o o o o o o o o o x 000002 000.0 00 0000.0 000000 00000600000 00 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o 0 000000002 00000 0000030 o o o o o o o o o o x o o o o o 0 00000000 .9 00000000 0080.0 0 o o o x x x x x x x x x x x o o 3030 ...0 .00 00000000.: 350% 80 o o o o o o a o o o o o x x x 00000 .4 .0 x 0 300002 050.000 0030 0000.82 0000000 005000 800 8 000000 .0 000003 3 x x x 005 .2 000000 N 3 00000002 00004 x o o o o o o o o 0 0003000 03.00.50 g 0000000 000.0 x 00000 000008 x 00000.00 >038 x 00000000 .0 00000 x 30000 0000000 0 x 00002 .0 00000003 x x x x 00000 50m x x x x x 00 00000000 000002 00 x x x x x x o 0 00000000. 000800 005.10 000.0 0000 N000 0000 0000 0000 0000 5000 @000 0000 00000 0000 N000 0000 0000 “0.00 9000 :00 «0000020000 0000000 1300 0000 .0000 .0000 I030 .030 Imm00 Imm00 uvm00 Immmm tang 0000 0300 10000 I350 I360 00000 -222- o o o o o o x x 33000 002 0002 000302 0. x o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o 003303 00003 A20 0200002 00 x x 00002 030000 on x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x «000—000 000000 03000002 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0.050000 0000000 0>00 00002 x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00000—00 .0 .A 020300002 x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00.002 0000020 00.003 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o 03 0500500 «E 006 0003 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00.3 00000000 ma 00035000. x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00002 2002 000m ma 0000030 3000.:— x x 330003 005000 c o o o o o o x o o o o o o o 0000000 0300 0000300 .u. 00H x 09:03 000233 x 0000 00.000 x x 0000300 00003 x x x 00 E00 .0 0034 x x x x x o o o o c o o o o o o o >=0>000 0000000. 2 0002 000.600 00 00 00000203 303 x x 000000 00230 x x x x x x x x c o o o o o o o o 00002 004 00002 200000 00:.“ 300.0 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00030000 0000.00 9.: 000m 000...... x x x x 0000 0208 o x x x x x x x x x x x 00 02000000 030008 9: ma 00005 x x o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o 30:00 0000 mm— 0200000520 00 x 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A 00>0x00Em o x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 30000035 03000 005:5 E0020 x x x x 00300. .0 .0 o o x x x x 30026 000 x x x :020sm :03 x x x 0 «096.0 £030 :00E0cm x x x x 0050 .2 >002 o x x x x 0000.9 0005 o o o x x x x x 000002 05.50 00.03 x x x 0000 «003000 >002 x x x x x x x on 00200000 0§E0m x x x x x x x 0Eo2 000.0 x o :ou:0m 0302 023200000 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o x x o 000200 03000 3035000L0>00 x x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o >0~t0m .m A 0.00000 x x x 02050 .0 >020. x o o o o o o o o o o o o o A0000:2000 00:05 0002 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 00:00.20. 08:00 00000000 x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0030300 c.3000 0:03:00 x x x 0000 0:00 .0 “00:50:00 0030:0000 83 ~02 $3 83 0mg mmma 32 0mg 33 0mg $2 $3 33 $2 002 mva 002 00.80.2300 AOOEOm :32 I002 Iowmu momma Iwmmd Inmma Immma Immma Ivmmfl ummma Immma .2me lemma Imvmm Imvma .0va Imvmfi ~226- o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o x mmmmmx cwmsm mammzwumo>> x x x 525 .m :mtmm o o x x x x x x x x x o o o .3003 5223 View «mm? x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o cOmEma§> ESm>m 2,: 535503 x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 533%: 926:3 :6 cute? x x x 2:533 mam o o o o x o o o o o o o o 0 32:50.2 mouomo coho; x x 58m @5023 x x mmA coma tmnom o o o o o o o o x o o o o 353$ 95 to: .252 3525 x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 52233 .2 22:2 .5633 x x x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o .823.“ 334 .32 0325 x x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 323m 383 9.: coBm Sm> o x x x x x x 2025.03. 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