UNI/ll!!!WIHUI!!!”(WIN)”!!!

   

"WWW/WIN”

     

01—:
(9—:

   

_cnoo1

  

'—I
I

 

 
  
     

  

LIBRARY
Michigan Sta”
University

 

 

 

 

 

 

This is to certify that the
thesis entitled
A NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

DEVELOPED FOR USE AT THE MICHIGAN STATE
UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR REACTOR LABORATORY

presented by

STEVEN" A. LE LEWER

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering

 

 

g9“ (g2. ng'eél’ ,

Major professor

Date May 16, 1978

 

0-7639

fl--\\\\ L
ll‘ to
"I

\ air “an”,

 

. JCT,” 1-199:
.' E 93:9,,

 

OVERDUE FINES:

25¢ per day per item

RETURNING LIBRARY MATERIALS .

Place in book return toreno
charge from circulation records

 

 

A NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
DEVELOPED FOR USE AT THE MICHIGAN STATE

UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR REACTOR LABORATORY

BY

Steven Arthur Lelewer

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

Department of Chemical Engineering

1978

ABSTRACT

A NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
DEVELOPED FOR USE AT THE MICHIGAN STATE
UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR REACTOR LABORATORY

BY

Steven Arthur Lelewer

The purpose of this thesis is to describe the
development of a method of performing neutron activation
analysis at the Michigan State University Nuclear Reactor
Laboratory. One requirement of the method was that it
could be performed in a reasonable amount of time. Manual
spectrum analysis is a long and tedious procedure.

Philip A. Baedecker developed a spectral analysis computer
program entitled SPECTRA. Part of the project described
in this thesis entailed modifying SPECTRA to operate on
the Michigan State University CDC 6500 computer. SPECTRA
requires that the spectrum data be input via punched cards.
An interface was designed to allow the interconnection of
the Nuclear Data multichannel analyzer and the engineering
building IBM 1800 computer. Program ND was created to
control the transfer of data from the analyzer to the IBM
1800, and to handle the formatting and punching of the

data onto cards for input to program SPECTRA. A 2048

Steven Arthur Lelewer

channel spectrum can be transferred from the Nuclear Data
analyzer to the IBM 1800 in approximately 15 seconds.

The spectral analysis can be performed by SPECTRA at a
cost of $1 to $2 on the campus computer.

The final chapter of the thesis provides a
detailed procedure for transferring the data from the
Nuclear Data analyzer to the IBM 1800, including cable
hook-ups and the oepration of the IBM 1800 computer. The
procedure also incudes instructions for the usage of

program SPECTRA.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author would like to thank Professors Bruce
Wilkinson and George Coulman for their guidance, time and
friendship.

Thanks should be given to Les Keith of the Engineer-
ing Building Computer Laboratory for his assistance in the
development of the interface circuitry and to Robert
Morris of Norwalk, California, a computer science student,
for his assistance in the modifications of program SPECTRA.

A special thanks goes to my wife, Debby, for her

moral support, understanding, and encouragement.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF FIGUES C O C O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 iv

INTRODUCTION 0 C O O O O O O O O 0 C O O O O O O O O O 1
THE INTERFACE AND THE ND PROGRAM. . . . . . . . . . . 7
SPECTM . O C O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 15

USER ' S WUAL O O O O O O O I C C C C O O O O O O O O 2 3

BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
APPENDIX A: A Listing of Program ND. . . . . . . . . 35
APPENDIX B: A Listing of Program Spectra . . . . . . 48
APPENDIX C: A Description and Listing of the

Program Spectra by Philip A.
Baedecker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
1 Wiring Schematic for Interface. . . . . . . . . 10
2 Typical Photopeak and Compton Edge. . . . . . . 19

3 ND Analyzer--Interface--IBM 1800 Cable
HOOk'UpS o o o o o o o o o o o o o o e e o e o 24

iv

INTRODUCTION

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a powerful
laboratory technique for determining the elemental content
of an unknown sample. NAA is a particularly valuable tool
in that it is often possible to identify trace amounts of
elements in quantities of parts per million or even parts
per billion. When the unknown sample is neutron irradi-
ated, radioactive isotopes are formed. Many of the
isotopes thus formed decay by gamma emission. Examination
of the energy spectrum of the gamma rays emitted will
identify the elements contained in the unknown sample. A
multichannel analyzer coupled with a gamma ray radiation
detector is used to collect the spectral data of the
irradiated sample. Elemental identification is performed
by analysis of the energies of the photopeaks observed in
the collected spectrum. Analysis of the photopeak height,
sample irradiation time, counting time, time between
irradiation and data collection, sample weights or volumes,
and detector efficiency will allow the determination of
the quantity of each element present in the unknown sample.
Another feature of NAA is its insensitivity to chemical

form of the irradiated sample.

In order to more fully understand NAA, a few basic
concepts will be discussed. An atomic nucleus is only
stable when a specific number of protons and neutrons are
present. The number of protons in the nucleus determines
the element's identity and the number of neutrons usually
determines whether that nucleus is radioactive or non-
radioactive (stable). (It should be noted that there are
some elements that have no stable nuclei. In some cases,
there are other differences that make nuclei radioactive.)

As a sample case, all sodium atoms contain 11
protons, while only those sodium atoms containing 12
neutrons are stable. A sodium atom with fewer or with more
neutrons will be radioactive. There are elements that have
more than one number of neutrons that result in stability;
for instance, tin has ten stable isotopes.

Nuclei can absorb additional neutrons, resulting
in the conversion of stable nuclei to radioactive ones.
The radioactive nuclei decay in unique ways and emit
radiations that are often distinct and can be measured
even in very small quantities. The measurement of the
radiations can determine the kind and the number of radio—
active atoms that are present.

The neutron bombardment of a sample is performed
in a nuclear reactor where the neutrons that strike the
target atoms have been slowed down so that they have very

little energy of motion. These free neutrons react with

the target nuclei resulting in the capture of the neutron
and thus creating nuclei with atomic weights one unit
greater than the original atomic weight. These newly-
created nuclei are typically radioactive.

Radioactive nuclei almost always decay by emitting
negatively charged beta particles, usually accompanied by
gamma rays. Each kind of radioactive atom decays with a
unique pattern called a decay scheme. By measuring the
radiation and identifying the pattern, the source of radi-
ation can be determined. There are some problems in the
measurement of gamma rays. These problems are due to the
interaction of gamma rays with matter. Due to these inter-
actions, the gamma rays measured by the detector no
longer have the energy they started with at the time of
emission. The most troublesome of the interactions is
Compton scattering.

The Compton effect is a collision between a gamma
ray and an electron. Compton scattering will generally
involve the outer atomic electrons. When the gamma ray
collides with the electron, it only transfers part of its
energy. The gamma ray is degraded in energy and deflected
from its original path. Compton scattering is the prevail-
ing interference for measurement of gamma rays with energies
greater than .5 MeV. Assuming that the radioactive isotope
being detected has a 1 MeV gamma ray emission, due to the

Compton effect, the detector will see gamma rays at 1 MeV

and a smear of gamma rays from 0 Rev to a value which is
approximately 250 Rev less than the original gamma ray
energy (for this case, 750 KeV). The end of the smear at
250 Kev less than the original gamma ray energy is called
the Compton edge. This smear of gamma rays raises the
background counts in the lower-energy gamma ray region.
Therefore if low-energy gamma rays are being emitted from
another radioactive isotope, the Compton effect from the
1 MeV gamma rays may mask them and make identification of
the low-energy emitting isotope difficult. Interaction of
gamma rays with matter may effect the sensitivity of the
analysis, but the use of good gamma ray detectors can
minimize the interference effects.

The applications for activation analysis seem
unlimited. The only requirement for its use is that the
element of interest must yield a gamma ray emitting isotope
after irradiation. NAA has been used in the electronics
industry to determine trace levels of impurities in semi-
conductors and the dopant levels in finished semiconductors.
It has been useful in detecting trace amounts of oxygen
in steel. NAA can be used to detect traces of catalyst
residues in plastics. Determination of residual amounts
of bromide in foodstuffs and on crops has assisted the
agricultural industry.

NAA has provided a new tool for the forensic

chemist. The results of activation analysis have been

admitted as evidence in a court of law. NAA can be used
to trace a sample of paint, grease, tire rubber, etc. to
its manufacturer by the quantities of trace elements
present. It can provide a reliable method of identifying
traces of gunpowder on a suspect's skin.

Another attractive use of NAA is the introduction
of minor quantities of several easily activated elements
as a secret coding to guard against counterfeiting of a
product. This method of product identification is being
considered for use in drugs, foodstuffs, cement and legal
tender.

The tOpic of this paper will be the development
and usage of a computerized method of neutron activation
analysis utilizing the Michigan State University Triga
Mark I nuclear reactor, a Nuclear Data multichannel
analyzer, an IBM 1800 computer and the Michigan State
University CDC 6500 computer. Prior to the development of
this procedure, NAA was performed by manual techniques.

A complex spectrum could take many hours to complete.
Utilizing the methods described in this paper, spectrum
analysis can be completed in a few minutes with a computer
usage cost of a few dollars. Included in this paper will
be a discussion of the electronic interface developed to
allow data transfer from the Nuclear Data multichannel
analyzer to the IBM 1800 computer, a discussion of the

computer program developed to control the data transfer

and to present the data on computer punch cards, and a
discussion of the spectral analysis computer program
developed for the CDC 6500 computer. The final tOpic of
this paper will be a user's manual giving instructions on
performing NAA utilizing the facilities available at

Michigan State University.

THE INTERFACE AND THE ND PROGRAM

Prior to the design of the interface and the
development of the ND program, there were only two forms
of data output for the Nuclear Data analyzer. The first,
a pen plotter, provided rapid data output. Its disadvan-
tage was that when peak height analysis was performed by
calculating the area beneath the peak, the result was quite
inaccurate. The second form of output available was through-
a Teletype with a paper tape punch. The Teletype output
allowed peak height analysis with a high degree of accur-
acy, but to output a 2048 channel spectrum required approx-
imately 30 minutes. Therefore, the first step necessary
for a project that involved experiments using the Nuclear
Data multichannel analyzer to count many samples was to
find a method of data output that was both rapid and
accurate. A bid request for an interface to connect the
Nuclear Data analyzer to the IBM 1800 computer was sent
to IBM and to Nuclear Data. The cost reported was in
excess of the budget for the project. It was decided at
this point that the interface design was to be performed
in-house.

To develop the interface, the following informa-

tion had to be ascertained:

(a) location of an output port on the Nuclear Data
analyzer where memory bank data was available in some
binary format;

(b) the binary format of the data at the output
port (i.e.: is the data in pure binary (base 2) or in
1—2-4-8 binary coded decimal, where any four bits (on-off
switches) represents one decimal digit. In four bits,
"0" through "9" can be represented);

(c) voltages at the output port which represented
O and l;

(d) location of an input port on the Nuclear Data
analyzer where the memory bank data at the output port
could be advanced;

(e) voltage needed at the input port to trigger
the data to advance as described in (d);

(f) location of an input port on the IBM 1800
where the data could be received;

(9) the voltages required at the input port to
represent 0 and 1;

(h) the location of an output port on the IBM
1800 where an advance signal could be generated to trigger
the data advance;

(i) voltages generated at the output port for 0

and l representation.

Many hours were spent researching the operation and main-

tenance manuals for both the Nuclear Data analyzer and the

IBM 1800. This research, coupled with extensive experi-
mentation, yielded the necessary information.

It was found that at the connector labeled "Printer
A" on the Nuclear Data analyzer, the memory bank data could
be read in l-2-4-8 binary coded decimal form with voltages
pulled down to within 0.5 volts of ground for "zero"
signals and up to +6 volts or floating for "one" signals.
It was also discovered that the memory bank could be
advanced by simulating a "complete" signal of +12 volts.
This was the voltage that the plotter generated to indicate
that data had been received and that the next channel of
data should be prepared for transfer. The digital inputs
or "DI's" on the IBM 1800 were determined to be the best
port for data input and the digital outputs (called
"DO's" or "ECO's") were found to be the source for genera-
tion of the trigger signal. It was determined that for
the IBM 1800, a zero was represented by -12 volts (with
a range of -6 to -30 volts), and a one by 0 volts (with a
range of -l to +30 volts).

An electronic interface was required to adjust
the voltages to conform with the needs of the two devices
being connected. The Michigan State University Department
of Engineering Research Computer Laboratory developed an
interface box powered by the Nuclear Data analyzer NIM
bin that provided the required voltage conversions (see

Figure 1). It is important to note here that the voltage

10

.oommuoucH MOM oaquonom mcflufi3||.H wusmfim

>N_ +

C 0mm
00m OOQ - r 33.38 oz

 

vocz N
5 OOQ

  

EOZMZ OZ

>N_..

ll

conversions performed by the interface only shift the
voltages; they are not reversed. Therefore a "1" generated
by the ND analyzer, with voltage shifted by the interface,
yields a "0" at the IBM 1800, and a "0" generated by the
ND analyzer, with voltage shifted by the interface, yields
a "1" at the IBM 1800. The correcting inversion is per-
formed by program ND as the data is transferred.

Once the hardware was developed to enable the IBM
1800 and the Nuclear Data analyzer to communicate with
each other, it was necessary to create a program to con-
trol the transfer of data from one device to the other.
Program ND was written to perform this function. (A
listing of ND is provided in Appendix A). Program ND is
an interactive program written in Fortran IV. The program
elicits information from the user, such as the number of
data channels to be transferred and whether or not a line
printer listing of the spectrum is desired. The program
also instructs the user, with commands to load the card
hopper when necessary and to make sure the ND analyzer is
properly prepared for data transfer.

Program ND consists of seven parts. The first
of these parts is the main program. The main program con-
trols the operation of the rest of the code. The responses
of the user to the questions asked by the computer control

the title of the experiment, the run number and the form

12

of output. The main program calls upon the six subprograms
listed below:

(1) Subroutine PRINT is called when the user
requests a listing of the data transferred. This listing
is outputted to the line printer. Subroutine PRINT con-
verts the binary data to the equivalent character code and
fills in leading blanks instead of zeros as needed (when
the ND analyzer sends the data in a channel, six digits
are transmitted. A count of 900 is sent as 000900). The
program also prints the number of the first channel in
each row of data listed.

(2) Subroutine PPUNC is called when the user
requests a deck of cards containing the data transferred.
The deck is punched in binary coded decimal form. A BCD
deck contains ten channels of data on each card. Each
column on the card contains either a blank or one numeri—
cal character. Subroutine PPUNC performs the same con-
version from binary that subroutine PRINT performs, but
no "first channel" is punched on the cards.

(3) Function MINO is called by the main program
to calculate which of two numbers is the minimum.

(Note: The following three subroutines are written
in IBM 1800 Assembly language. Because of the necessity
to do bit manipulation, the use of Assembly language is

more practical and efficient than the use of Fortran.)

l3

(4) Subroutine DI is called by the main program
to read the digital inputs from the ND analyzer and to
send the "complete" signal to the ND analyzer to advance
the memory stack. Subroutine DI also performs the conver—
sion of the input bits from 0 to l and l to 0. This
routine also loads the 1-2-4-8 BCD data into a special
portion of the IBM 1800 computer memory called "COMMON,"
converts the 1-2-4-8 BCD data digits to binary and loads
the binary data into "COMMON“ also.

(5) Subroutine ECO is called by the main program
to ensure that the digital output port is initialized
prior to the ND analyzer being turned to the "Read in/out"
mode. This is required so that the first channel of data
is not missed.

(6) Subroutine CRUNC is called by the main program
when the user requests a "crunch" deck. A crunch deck
contains 40 channels per card. The data is in binary form.
Each column on the card contains 12 bits of information.
Since each word or channel of data requires a maximum of
16 bits when converted to binary, each word requires 1%
columns. In other words, every four columns contains
three data channels. This format is similar to the
"crunch" format used in the MSU Cyclotron Laboratory.

The CDC 6500 remote input station located in the engineer-
ing building is not capable of transmitting binary data

to the computer. The spectrum analysis routine, SPECTRA,

14

available on the CDC 6500 is not provided with the ability
to handle the "crunch" decks. The "crunch" feature is
provided here in Program ND, but further development of
Spectra would be necessary in order to make use of this

feature.

SPECTRA

Program SPECTRA is used to analyze the data decks
generated by the IBM 1800 and program ND. Spectra was
originally created by Philip A. Baedecker. A description
and listing of the program is provided in Appendix C.
Spectra was then brought to the Michigan State University
Cyclotron Laboratory and modified to operate on the
Sigma 7 computer. This conversion was performed by Dr.
Charles Spooner of the Geology department along with
members of the cyclotron staff. The original Spectra was
designed to accept tape input of the spectrum. The cyclo-
tron version of Spectra utilized a compressed binary format
("crunch") deck of data cards for input. To allow use of
Spectra with the data generated by the IBM 1800 computer
and program ND, the computer code was modified with the
assistance of Robert Morris, a computer science student
at MSU. As a result of this modification, campus-wide
use of Spectra through the CDC 6500 computer became
possible. The CDC 6500 version of Spectra is designed to
accept BCD decks of input data as provided by the IBM 1800
and program ND. A listing of the CDC 6500 version of

Spectra is provided in Appendix B.

15

16

Spectra is a computer program that analyzes gamma
ray spectrum by searching out photopeaks, calculating the
area under the peaks, finding the centroid of each peak
and providing the energy corresponding to each peak. In
activation analysis runs, when quantitative information
is required, the program provides either the concentra-
tions or the quantity of the elements in the unknown
samples. Control of the program is accomplished when the
user places certain control cards in front of the data
decks to be analyzed. A detailed set of instructions for
use of Spectra can be found in Chapter 4, the User's Manual-

The following procedure outlines the method by
which the program analyzes the data. After reading in
the control cards, the program reads in a data deck. The
data can be smoothed by a five-point convolution method.
Since smoothing can cause undershoot of the baseline on
either side of very narrow peaks, smoothing should be
avoided for Spectrum with 1024 channels or fewer, but for
spectrum with 2048 channels or more, smoothing helps to
eliminate statistical fluctuations that might be confused
with actual photopeaks.

The program then performs a series of operations
to locate peaks. The first of these operations is a five-
point convolution method of calculating first derivatives
for each channel. Then, by looking for sign changes in

the first derivatives, the program locates possible peaks.

17

The program assigns the minimum on each side of the peak

as the peak limits or boundaries. The program then checks
to verify that the right hand boundary channel for the peak
is not too far out. By comparing the left side derivatives
to the right side derivatives, the right hand boundary
channel is fixed. A baseline calculation is performed
next, and then a few statistical tests of peak validity

are done. The first test for a valid peak involves con—

sideration of the following criterion:

Peak Area > (5.0 x SIGMA)

where peak area is total area minus base area, and SIGMA
represents the standard deviation of the peak. The cal-

culation of SIGMA is as follows:

 

SIGMA - g D + (D + D ) [(R-LT1)2 - 1]
" i L Rx-T'

L
where R represents the right hand boundary channel number,
L represents the left hand boundary channel number, DL

represents the number of counts in the left hand boundary

channel, D represents the number of counts in the right

R
hand boundary channel, and Di represents the number of
counts in the ith channel.

The next test is used to eliminate Compton edges.

The slope of the left side of the peak is compared to the

slope of the right side of the peak. If the absolute

18

values of the slopes are within a factor of 1.5, the peak
is passed to the baseline calculator. By inspection of
Figure 2, one can see that a Compton edge would not pass
the aforementioned "1.5“ test. Four channels to the
outside of the peak boundaries are averaged, with those
channels whose count is more than two standard deviations
from the peak boundary channel count being disregarded.
The right hand and left hand averages are taken as the
counts in the boundary channels. The right hand and left
hand boundary channels are straight-lined and a baseline
is determined. The baseline is defined as the background
level. Finally, the centroid of the peak is calculated.
The user has the option of two different methods
of determining peak intensity. The "Total Peak Area"
method yields a peak intensity equal to the sum of the
counts in the channels bounding the peak as determined by
the statistical tests described above. This method uses
the redefined counts in the boundary channels for sub-
tracting out background. The second peak intensity method
available is the "Wasson" method. In this method, the
user specifies the number of channels to either side of
the center channel of the peak to be used as the limits of
integration. A baseline is determined as described above,
but with the boundary channels as defined by the user, and

the background is then subtracted out.

19

PHOTOPEAK

COMPTON
EDGE

 

 

 

 

Figure 2.--Typical Photopeak and Compton Edge.

20

In order to calibrate the spectra (i.e.: assign
energy values to each channel), reference and standard
spectra must be provided to the program. First, a rough
calibration is performed by using a 137Cs spectrum. 137C5
has a single peak located at 661.7 KeV. If photopeaks
greater than 1836 Rev are to be located, a 88Y spectrum
is also necessary, to assist the program in compensating
for possible nonlinearity in the spectrometer. The refer-
ence spectra addressed above may be deleted if the user
supplies the program with the centermost channels for
137Cs and 88Y. Standard spectra are used next to give a
precise calibration to the spectra. The user supplies the
program with the energy levels of the gamma-rays in each
standard spectrum. The program assigns the centroid of
each peak located in the spectrum with the corresponding
energy. Then the program determines energies for the
photopeaks of the "unknown" sample spectra by interpola-
tion assuming linearity between standard spectrum peaks.
The program will not extrapolate energies above the highest
standard peak supplied by the user. This completes the
qualitative analysis portion of Spectra.

Spectra is also capable of performing activation
analysis calculations (or quantitative analysis). A flux
monitor (i.e.: sample containing a known quantity of the

element of interest) must be irradiated in the reactor in

the same batch as the "unknown" samples. The user must

21

provide the program with the gamma ray energy of the
element of interest, the chemical symbol, the half life of
the isotope and the weight or concentration of the flux
monitor sample. The user must also supply name of sample,
weight of sample, time of day sample was counted and live
time duration of count for each Spectrum used in the quan-
titative analysis, both "unknowns" and "flux monitors."

The program then uses the flux monitor spectra to calibrate
each peak of interest.

The "unknown" sample spectra are then analyzed for
each peak of interest. Each peak is compared to the
associated flux monitor peak and from sample weights the
concentration of each element of interest is determined.
In order to account for decay and live time the following

formulae are used:

Atl

(flux monitor wt.) x (l - e-

Formula 1: scr = {Peak area) x Ae

 

Atz)

where SCF is the standard comparator factor or the cal-
ibration of the flux monitor peak,
A is the decay constant for the isotope of interest,
tl is the time elapsed between some reference time
(e.g.: time of irradiation or time of first count in this
analysis) and the start time of the counting of this
spectrum, and

t is the duration of the count (live time).

2

22

Formula 2: ACF = (peak area) X Ae-Atl

(sample wt.) x (l - e-AtZ)

where ACF is the analytical comparator factor, or the
weighted intensity of the "unknown" sample peak of interest,
and A, t1 and t2 are as described above, but evaluated

for the "unknown."

For a more detailed discussion of Spectra, see

Appendix C.

USER'S MANUAL

This chapter describes the procedures for trans-
ferring data for the ND analyzer to the IBM 1800 and for
operating program Spectra. To transfer data to the IBM
1800, the ND analyzer, the "interface" and the IBM 1800
must be connected. The IBM 1800 must be cold started and
program ND must be run. Once the data has been collected
on data decks, the controls for Spectra must be prepared
and finally Spectra is run. The procedure for these

operations follows.

Data Transfer Hook-Up (See Figure 3)
(l) The following connections must be made:

(a) The interface must be in a nimbin;

(b) The cable from the back of the interface
must be connected to the ND analyzer at
"Printer A";

(c) The female single pin connection in the
back of the interface must be connected
to the ND analyzer at the point marked
"complete";

(d) The cable from the IBM 1800 must be

attached to the face of the interface;

23

24

 

 

68 69

DD

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

El
:24
IBM IBOO
/ lfl
INTERFACE
I PRINTER A
l COgLETE
L (REAR) NUCLEAR DATA
ANALYZER

Figure 3.--ND Analyzer--Interface--IBM 1800 Cable Hook-Ups.

25

(Note: the following connections are in the IBM

1800 room.)

(a) Connect cable connectors marked "ND-68"
and "ND-69" to the IBM 1800 at the digital
inputs marked "68" and "69";

(b) Connect cable connector marked "ND—124"

to the IBM 1800 at digital output "124".

Cold Start of the IBM 1800

(l)
(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(ll)
(12)
(l3)
(14)

On console—~push POWER ON.

On printer--push START.

Place disk marked "Reactor Lab" in disk drive
(middle slot).

On disk drive--push START.

Wait for READY light on disk drive.

Place cold start card in hopper.

On console--push IMMEDIATE STOP.

On console--push and hold CLEAR STOR.

On console--push START.

On console-~release START and CLEAR STOR.

On console-~push IMMEDIATE STOP.

On card reader--push START.

On console--push PROGRAM LOAD.

Wait for cold start pattern. The cold start
pattern appears on the operating console.
Most of the small white lights will be lit

except for four lights forming a square near

26

the center of the light panel. These are the
lights corresponding to columns 9 and 10 in the
adress register and I register rows.

To Run ND

(1) Prepare the following deck: (all cards begin

in col. 1).

//JOB

/// XEQ ND FX (Note: FX begins in col. 16)
blank card

blank card

(2) Place deck in hopper.

(3) On card reader--push START.

(4) ND is self-explanatory. The program will
request information from the user on the IBM
selectric terminal in the IBM 1800 room.

Preparing to Run Spectra

Note: For each "card" a format is prescribed.
There are four types of formats, "A", "I", "F", and "X".
Formats "A" and "I" have the following structure: nAm
or nIm. The value of "n" gives the repetition number
(e.g.: 3A2 is the same as A2, A2, A2). The value of "m"
gives the number of characters allowed in the input field.
The "A" format allows the input of alphanumeric characters
(e.g.: A4 allows the input of TEST). The "I" format is
used to input numeric data in integer form (whole numbers).
Note that data in an "I" field must be right justified.

If the data to be inputted in an 16 field is three digits

27

long, the three digits must be preceded by three blanks
(e.g.: 126 in an 16 field must be bbb126, where b repre-
sents blank). Format "X" has the following structure:

nX. The "X" indicates a blanking format, where "n" is

the number of blanks. The "F" format has a structure of:
nFm.p where "n" is the repetition number, "m" is the total
number of characters allowed in the input field, and "p"
is the maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal
point. The "F" format is used to input numeric data that
is 293 whole number data. Note that the data need not be
right justified in the input field, and that "m" includes
the decimal point (e.g.: 125.89 requires a format of

F6.2).

In order to run Spectra, the following deck must
be prepared:
Card l--Format 416
columns l-6 (1) Number of standardizing
spectra (including Cs and Y

standards, if provided)

columns 7-12 (2) Maximum energy of standard
peaks (in Kev).

columns 13-18 (3) Cs peak channel number (if
spectrum provided, input
"0") .

columns 19-24 (4) Y peak channel number (if
not used, input "0").

(Note: If max. energy of standards is greater
than 1836.08 Kev, a Y spectrum or channel number

is required.)

28

Card 2--Format 1216 (Multiple cards using the
same format may be required,
depending on the number of
standard spectra used.)

Cards with number of peaks in each standard.
(Sequence must correspond with order in which
standard spectrum are run. Not needed for Cs

or Y data).

Card 3—-Format 8F9.3 (Multiple cards using the
same format may be required,
depending on the total num-
ber of peaks in the standard
spectra used.)

Cards with energies of peaks in each standard.
(In the order in which they appear in the
decks, i.e.: min. to max. for each spectrum

in order.)

Card 4--Format 316 and then 13A4

column 6 (l) "0"

columns 7-12 (2) Number of channels in
spectra

columns 13-18 (3) Number of spectra to be

analyzed (including flux
monitors, but not stand-
ards)

columns 19-70 (4) Labels (run name). A
maximum of 52 alpha—
numeric characters are
allowed.

Card 5--Format 411 and then 116
column 1 (l) 0--raw data printed out

l--raw data not printed
out

29

column 2 (2) 0--smoothed data printed
out
l--smoothed data not
printed out
2--smoothing operation
omitted

column 3 (3) 0--peak area by Wasson's
method
l--peak area by total
peak area method

column 4 (4) 0--activation analysis
section used
l-—activation analysis
section not used

columns 5-10 (5) Integer number of points
on each side of the cen-
ter channel, used for
peak area.

(Note: If card 5 col. 4 = l, omit card 6 and
those following.)
Card 6--Format 316 and then A4

columns 1-6 (1) Number of flux monitor
spectra. (Note: multiple
flux monitors have to have
identical concentrations
or quantities, only in
different locations in
reactor core during
irradiation. The program
does not accommodate
different concentration
flux monitors. Spectra
merely averages the peak
areas in multiple flux
monitors.)

columns 7-12 (2) Number of peaks to be
analyzed.
columns 13—18 (3) Amount of error in peak

find--approximately three
Kev (as recommended in
the Baedecker write-up,
see Appendix C.)

columns

Card 7--One

columns

columns

columns

columns
columns

columns

19-22

30

(4)

Four alphanumeric charac-
ters that identify the
flux monitor spectra.

for each peak analyzed

1-2

3-10
11-20

21-23
24-30

31-34

column 35

columns

columns

columns

columns

36-40

41-50

51-56
57-60

(1)

(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

(8)
(9)

(10)
(11)

Format A2--Chemical symbol
being determined

Format 8X--Space 8

Format F10.3--Energy of
peak in Kev.

Format 3X--Space 3
Format F7.3--Half—life
Format 4X--Space 4

Format Al--Units of half-
life (S,M,H,D,Y)

Format 5X--Space 5

Format F10.5--Flux monitor
weight or concentration

Format 6X--Space 6
Format A4--Units of flux

monitor weight or concen-
tration (pg, m9, etc.)

Card 8--One for each spectrum in deck (to be

analyzed for activation analysis)

columns

columns 17-20

columns 21-30

1-16

(1)

(2)
(3)

Format 4A4--Sample name
(The program requires
that the first four char-
acters must be the same
as in col. 19-22 if
spectrum is to be treated
as a flux monitor.)

Format 4X-—Space 4

Format F10.5--Sample
weight

31

columns 31-36 (4) Format 6X--Space 6
columns 37—40 (5) Format A4--Units of
weight (ug, mg, etc.)
columns 41-45 (6) Format 5X--Space 5
columns 46—48 (7) Format I3--hours, time of

count, 2400 hour clock,
if next day, add 2400

columns 49-50 (8) Format 12--Minutes
columns 51-53 (9) Format 3X--Space 3

columns 54-59 (10) Format I6--Live time
duration of count

column 60 (11) Format Al--Units of time
columns 61-64 (12) Format 4X--Space 4
Column 70 (13) Format I6--"0"
Follow cards 1-8 with the data decks from the IBM 1800
as follows:
(1) Cs spectrum if used;
(2) Y spectrum if used;
(3) Standard spectra;
(4) Flux monitor spectra if doing activation
analysis;
(5) Unknown spectra.
(Note: Place 789 multipunch card at the end of each spec-

trum and place 6789 multipunch card at end of deck.)

Running Spectra
(1) Prepare the following deck (each card begins

in col. 1)

32

PNC
JOB CARD (Be sure to specify MTl to mount tape)
PW=
HAL, BANNER, SPECTRA.
DISPOSE, **, V.
APLIB, TT1313, *SPECLAB.
MAP, OFF.
SPECLAB.
789
(2) Follow this deck with the Spectra cards as

described above.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

33

BIBLIOGRAPHY

General References

Friedlander, G., Kennedy, J.W., and Miller, J.M.
Nuclear and Radiochemistry. Second Edition, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, N.Y., 1964.

Foster, A.R. and Wright, R.L., Jr. Basic Nuclear
Engineering. Third Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
Boston, Mass, 1977.

 

Gardner, R.P. and Ely, R.L., Jr. Radioisotope Measure-

ment A lications in Engineering. Reinhold Pub-
lisfiing Corp. New York, N.Y., 1967.

Grouthamel, C.E., Adams, F. and Dams, R. Applied

Gamma—Ray_Spectr9metry. Second Edition, Pergamon
Press. Oxford, England, 1970.

34

APPENDIX A

A LISTING OF PROGRAM ND

35

36

.m m_m.~.l._zz
..c_\.o fd+z<7ficz.uz
.4_.»<11:d 9—K
zqruz .mdm.c.:qma
...crz;l :_ 2. q_<: I: m4122<ru a: xixzzz are 2_ la> >b..\.»<rz:l :_r
¢:m.~.1»_21
:JL 444C
.m4.p<za:l Ndm
>zz:: .m~«.c.:<lu
:izctlaz. 2m1him
;E<.;: :n{z_4 n. luclzl_zH a1. :24. .x. .l:;2 a:_m Ir» 2. n_ :2 m
.Ixzx lxqi..\...>x:_q‘<_1xl dblv I: -._ L3 rqx::xa 11p..\..:Cx_ix~
Ir. :. 11~>ch < :2 Ire I:xl <p<c axllvzcap :2 zqzczza..\.p<r::u ccfl
: c:.~.lw_x:
.b.:.:xr.cm.mlb_u w2_AI:
.x.:.:mm.cm.yl.__l 12_u1:
\.:u...>.\~....o > 4.3:.
.cc..~_<»<:r ..c<~.~.<»<c. z:l2:u
. 1C xlclpe_
>.¢c_:.«;_:.xc_:.gc_:..:~.14».p :Lclpz_
44c pm_49
mxlcrpz_ :z:3 12:4
.31—_zila>p.;zc:r>lx.xm_;.:z<u.xlh2_x1 r¢c_.zc:—a
rcx;:xa vmlu::az:z§
:2 :21 xx
1:5 \\

alqu: >:<az «:2
~.:z xm_: mmaucza2:2

37

:ca.::?.n::Lz<I;ZIsLIL

:cLaan

chL:.mcL:.ncL:.L:L:.2<IL2LCz:xI LLcL

dp<L2.x.LLL 3...:

2.LuL ncr rLz:

ux

L:~.Luw.LSLILLLLL.¢:L2.«cL;.m:L:.L:L:L:L~.~LI L1:
xLer LL<C

>EE:: LmLm.~L:<Iz

>zz2: LmLm.cL:<Ia

L.|:;nII>L :zc Lyn—m rm;I ZIIL .nzch 22<Lz ..¢L.\..>L
IhazLx:xaaa ILL: urLzza aIqux Equ wchuxIaazr IIL :q:L..\L~<xz:I
ccuzLxmm.LLI»L z

L+ccxz<152uccuz

cc: :» ;;

I32Lpz:C

LILC2:aI LLqu

dh<2£ LL.VL:<I1

LcrL.:rLaLLILLizquzLaerur

z LuL NLLALLLLL."

L\ <: :x. x¢.LLa.. 2:1..xcm..C§.L—<zq:u

L:~._uc.LnLIL~LPL. q:L:. CL:.m;_:.Lc—:LLCC..~LI»L:3
xCer LLqC

>rr:: LmLm.xL:<Ia

>rz:: LmLm.cL:<Ia

L.I:IIII>L 12¢ Lzapm qua zII» .m:xqu xZ<Lr ..¢L.\..>L
ILaerzxaaq rLLx II;2:; aI;<Iz :ch ~¢¢LiaIaa:r IIL :<:L..\chzz:l
:LLchx«.LLIpLx1

L+:L\2qrb2ncLLz

:zaL.LocL.acLL:L :C

~u21a.

had 2» :C

wu:zaL

£2. £2. rLLLL1CI.Lz_LaLLIL

Cz:aLLmLm.cL:<uz
L..ICa:xq «ZIL

Ian x: :;1 1;I ch|I3>h 1C223C :: :qz 2L :IrLzza <LqL...\Lp<rz:I
Lemm.LLI»L23

ccc :» :c

LuzaaL

SLLL. 45L.nL: L>iqz_ :LLLIL

uz:aLLLmn.cL:<Ia

L..;z st ran a; AI> :LI |>iIa>L x234; ;; LIILz:a <»4:..\LL<E::I
L~NR.LLI»L13

Izszz:C

Linzan LLaC

<p<2IL4.\L:qmz

Lch.:anLLILL|2<1C2L31Lru1

2.LuL Lcr ::

LnL

Lm<:\.xc.LL:.xm..1Iri:z 2:1 ..\L»<22:I

L:\.Lus.L: :. LLLL.q:L:.«L L: :.m L:.LLL:Lc:>.«LILL::

LcLL. «EL.LLLLL>|2L11LLIL

LLch<:z;I

2anLLme.cL:aI:
LL-LLZ :—

:I :2: z; LI> ;:I I>II1>~ 2I»1_:a mch II— a; #2: »Z_:a..\Lp<£::I
chw.LLILLzs

Lx<chL<zzzI

LLLx.Lun.LL.LILpLL.LLLaf. LIL<I3

L.VICq;x :e .ILIIL<:1;I m<:a 2L ILLLL pzazL..\LL421:I
Lcmr.LLILL:3

LLLqL~<E::I

«EL;.r:_:.\ :L:._J_ Lhwm.cL:cIa

L.LqI:;I 4L 2L 1L1122 a2: IIL hm LL. \LhcrzzI
LcL«.LLI»LzI

>_IE:: Lan.cL:ch
L.n:LII;>L >;<I1 zII ..\...2L<;< :ELLzzzC :beqpx x:—
.\..:I;1;—fi Ir aca :2 Ilp :Lq I:11:u ML «IImzqaL <~<2..th:11:I
Ler.LLI»Lzz

I:zL~z:L

«anz L_.\LI~L::

qpqu Lx.LLI~L13

L: LL<L

2.LuL acr ::

LnL

Lnx

>152: Lme.cL:<Ia

L.n;:nII>L zlrp .I:;1 xIpsza Irp 2L n— ..x..rLLLax I::z yIL

rmm
32L
we:

Lew

CAM

rcL
5c.
nzL

cc.

me
L:—
Lcm

IxzazL IIL Ixzx Ich :24 I::I »:;\LL :EI: Ire :P :z 21:»..prqraEI er

:. L:<;

38

Z..—h<.:a.z:u 1:. 22%

3»:L tax::xa ca mLquL3<> a zzzzzu LLx¢zL sec z:xz:u
:2 xzu mpzmszLzaua Luzu
:¢::u:¢ Cn::ncL unccum :n::u:m Lm::n~ 1m:¢uc<L <m::ua:L oMCCnc umccuL
. mhzqhmz:u «CchzL
zzxzq L111L csz; zLL;I 2L1>~ Lq:z z:u:; Lzz:x :wx:1 umzzm Lsz
Lsz xL;_; ax:Cz p121 :LxL Lchm LaLLx :Lz:C uczzu C22aC xCxL: szza chz L: .cLC
quasaxnxzm cLLLcL

nuzL

maqusz :azz L2:
meu2aazzz
:mpasaazm mua2h<Cu

:c;:u :co ~r¢su mcn meCu ch
:eru x:: Lxfisn 12L (rx:n szL \rn:u ncL uann ch Lem:u ¢:L ccmCu ncL cnmcn LcL :chu Lcn osmCu mcL
.zx3» ::m Lnx2u 3mm xxxzu xxx cL\:u LcL mLLcu cxn Lchu :mm :qLCn «mm LaLCn ass Cchu Lam :cLCu cum
<LL2u me \rL:n arm C¢L:u >Lm Jfi_:u oLm ezLCu an au:Cn an succ" er 44cc“ ch zcccu NLm L¢CCu .ch
mzLLthCaaaq po1quhm
nn::uL LLzeuz 4mcan LLcLC¢ mn:CuL LLsaaL mMCCuL LLuzzaL
Lm::uL LLz :n::nL LLZLzzL L\;:uL LLw mecuL LLL :N:CuL LL; CA:Cu LLzaICZ
:x::uL LLL <\;:uL LLx Jx::uL LLxu amczuL LL> FN:CuL LLch: (mesa. LLnsL:
rmLLLLuL LLxLLLL {\LLLLHL ILLJ3 LLLLLLLImaLLLLuL L732» .CLLLLCnL aL>zxLLLL cchICnLLuLULLqpflL: cuCCICLCLuLULchqL:
mZLC~hquLLLL< ”314—35.,
:2;
thL LLqu
...::> x241» .cLLCLa:;C zLu: max chpsuLxL..\L»<z:cC awn
LOAKJLLpLa: LLCO
”LLLthzLLu new

m: w9<3

39

1:.:u :35

:c::nL
LILLLLHL

3‘ :L—NX

¢\L:u

LL\_
LszLL

LLfiN

Lc::n~ acasunL cc::u¢

LIL—SL3 JAILLfi

x: wsdz

Lcr nL2." L:Lx ALLLLu :Sn cams“

.c::nL L m:::uL -

LLL LLnL L
:n;:u:n::uL LLaczq ::::|L¢::uL LLzqu: accechccuL L

2:Lh<LL11:u CC :Zw

2:L::C LLxmzL c¢c 2:22:u
szza x:C mthszchua Lazu

zq:;::; «:L mLLxcLa<> c

ucccuw chcucL «cccum scccuLL «(CCuL
mhquaz:u zu:Lth
Lsz xLth quLz azsCx Lxxz x:»xL pszL :2cL
mzqzazxaxzm :LLLqL
meCLLZL 21:: L2:
mxmuza;2:z
:xha:a;:m muathlu
L:L Lchu Lcn zuccu ch LJccu L u:::u ~ LNCCu ¢
m2:LL<C:LL< posz<hm
Lc::uL LLzLL cc:CuL LLL uncauL LLcL
LLLza :1:LuLxLLuLCLLqL<:z :LLCICCCLuLuLLqpqu
mz:Lp<u:LL< LL¢<L1<>
czC
2x:»C: 3cm
Lqux.x~.¢L.xLL pczzzu ¢
LL.LuxL.Lz.LuLL.L~L.LLszquLL.¢zLLL¢.mL LpLaz Lem
Len.:Cm.ccmLLucLLu_
C22L~2:u can
Lzszzzu 3cm
szLpz:u LcL
12L: «LL.LLLx2<Lx Lam
czn.Lcn.ccn LLLquxuuLL.LLsz<LzLCL
~.LuLL LcL ::
LmLquxu "LL.mL.LLL zLaa ch
L+LLLL«4.L¢L.«LLqpcstpusz.nLL:z¢L umL
¢.LuLL ch :2
~.LurL acLqu L
cL+LzLLuLzLL
sz;.LzLL L¢.mLL»L:: ~
~.m.L LLLILLCL
L+LuL
:.Lu¢L :ca ::
\c\ CzLL <»<:
\c\L «pd:
\. .xeLz aha:
\.J...:...~...€...r...¢...m...m...~.o.c.\ «(IQ arc:
LLL.Lsz<Lz .LL.L.LL zanL CCZLL<>LzeL
Lch.wL<Lq:: .Lch.~L<p<:L z:;z:u
LcL.xsz<_1 .szz .LcLLaqxu .LcL.m.¢LzLaa xLLLLzL
LLL szza CzLL:::;:m
LLq meLa

maCcLLZL :azl u2:«
Iqaczxa mfiuuzaazzza
:21... ~21 \\

:LLCLazzu z:L»Cz:L a::
:2

40

zsthLLaz:u u: 32w

ch 241::za asL mLL1<L1<> : zazzzu memzL :cc z:zzzu
9&LAL xzu mszzazL23C: Cazu
loss": accencL :c::n» ccCCunL ILCqu <OCCu~ occcuLL rcCCuL
mhzchnzzo :CLLPzL
szsn unnzm xL:_z L<;L1 az:Cz p11: xzme hCImL :2<L

mtcaJDxQIZm Eugadu

mzCCLLZL cu:3 L2:
mzwu:1;2:z
:upa:1;:m muazp<L¢

:vL:n ::x ILL:u L:+ acLzu ::m rchn a:n :cLzu LcL nLccu Ls: ux:c« ch mace" L axes" N Chccu ¢
mz:L»<u:LL< pozupcpm

moszuL LLxL xcscuL LLLL LcscuL LLmL case“. LLL unaan LLcL
L::CuL LszLx :r::n:n::uL Lchza L5scuL:::uL LszqL: :ccanqccuL LLzLaa cazLuurLLuLCLL<L<22 :LLLICLCLuLuLL<»<:L
m2:L»cu:LLq CwaqLaa>
:z
Zanga :cm
L Lchpr<:::C :
LL.anL.L«.LuLL.LmL.LLLx2<LxLLL¢.mL CpLuz Lcm
Lem.ccn.CCmLLucLLCL
L:2L»z:u 23a
LLLZL ta: .3:
L:zLLz:u LcL
V 12L: uLL.LLsz<Lx Lcm
c::.L:n.:Cn LLLqurunLL.LLLzz<LzLuL
. snLuLL LcL ::
.LmLLaqu nLL.mL.LLL zLao :cL
L+LLLLaq.L¢L.mLLqpczzLLCImL.mLL:z<L umL
:.LnL_ ch ::
m.Lu«L chLce L
:an L:.mL1»La3 m
~.x.L LLLILLuL
L+LuL
r.Ln:L 33w ::
\oxL 4pc:

\. .\xZLr <h<2

:. 2:2:3‘

a xucLLz

szzzzr:m
44¢ thgfi
mechzL :azz L2:a
quccaa ¢¢Cuccazz¢¢
42:1; 1:; \\
:LLLLazcu z:L»u2:; 3::
sz1a

LL1<Z

41

xx

z:L»<Lan:C u: 22w
141:;xa N mLququ> a 221;:C LLxmzL : zczzzu
32L: xzu msztuzL20ua C::C

2L1:m
micacszaz:m cLLLqu

axCuLpzn
:Lha3119

oLccu N m
mz:LC<u:LL<

cccouL L
mz:L»cL:LLq C

:xzz L2:
Cuzaazzz
szdeL

, L
whdhm

-If

m
m m
L Cu
2L

2
L.~.mLGzL

tucz

Lz.ch2Lz z:Lhun
:

mzLuLsz
Iqaccxa mmCu:a:2:2a
:sz ::C \\

:LLLL11:u z:L»u2:L 3::
qzzau

:
_

42

ALLLL: :;L a;» 11L L><x L><m # :Lx <~c::::: L: :L::
L

:L:I ::L :hccchC c 1L2:
2: LL: :2: c 3::
3: LL: (.1: c OLLLLL
z:LnxL>z:u 1;: uaL»m :L:I L :Lm xsccch: L: st:
(L LL: :zzL : (Le:
éLzzzu 2L L1;Pm m¢<n NL LLCm L~:C::L: cc «L::
(L .Lpa :3: c «LLL:
LLL:L LzL>z:C 2L2 x2; :rsL : «Le:
mzL :Lx crx: : LL::
{L LL: ::xL : chc
CLc:L paL>2;C 3L; 1:; cc:C c ass:
.7: LL: hnx: c uccc
LL<> L :Cm xcc::::: Lc Lac:
::L~ L :: cscccc¢u Lc «cc:
max 2L mL aC~;:;C 3:2 xa::L c::L c occc
Lme ~L x:L :qLLzchc LzL ~:::
aszL: a: rLLm :.L: L x:z c::c::¢s Lc mccc
xxx $.sz :mzx m xpv find; c .15:
Lxx L1:Lx LLLax L va cnoc c «2::
xxLLchLz 3:4 L><m aLCL L :Cv «sccch: L: L:::
: L: L: sec: c cccc
L: CzL ccccex¢c cccc
qua
LLd hMLLa
L: Ina \\

:LLLLaz:L z:LpCz:L a::
chz

43

N

uc<1

L

V
LLLLLLLLx
N

:L
::::L
C;LL\
N

L

L
u::c\
¢4Lxx
can

zaLL—Lz LL.

DIG

L1;L¢u; aLCL

«9::

«I

2:12;L 2L L:;Lm mmmu
mLL;L: :LLxL>z:: q stzL ::< rL<>
:::.:L >1 >L1LLLzz xLLL
an LLJL: ::< :L;z

L>LL LLaL: LL: xCLa xx<L
zdeq :q:_ L>cx

;L:I zL 41:»n :Lzl
xLLmLCanc :LzL LL: (L
LLL >x >L3LLL:1 :LL
FL;L: 1: xCL; xw<i

me CLcL: Lac 4

mpLCL: zip azC ;<:L chn
1LLmLchu: mL<>

L1» 2L zLx» chqaa< «qu
r‘

ALLJL: sz>z:C q z:pp:1 :<:L LLc>
xL<>

:1L\

LELLLL

xLIL— 1:;u azzL LI

nzLLnL:Lx :uq LIL :<:L :L:x
::L<> 1L2 C1» szpm LL<>
LL<> :L: LIL :;q LLq>
2;pr:1 :Lquz :c;L :sz

LL L;:Lm LL<>

21:; La: :p LLLpzcu (L

zLL >1 >LaLLLzz zLL

L:L<> m:;L>Lza :<;L LL<>
mrLLnLJLx :Iq LJLLm :.:I
xch e xLzzL 1: xCL: xvcz
1x

(7

1::L 4;waL>2:C ;: LLL 4

nLLcL: x:;L ;:L»:x L>qm :L:fl
t

2...» .LLAILL‘L

LLq prLa
:LL and \\

.>szLn¢c L>:zq 2L vazxyL

F‘N
.J J-JJ—J—n‘;

(\‘f\

.J-ld

_I_l .J—l _J-l_£-J .JLJJ

.J—J

LLZ.‘

A

L>qx
:L:I
:1L~

LzL
22
2:

«xx
Lax

La::L

L:::
~:::
:32:
x:::
<:::
:L~m
LLLL
\::c
L:::
L::c
L:::

::::
r¢Lr
::::

:ccccqu
CL:LCLXCCL
:::c::rr
:hcccch
7:cc::L¢
LLxh
Lruuch:
Lsz
:xcq
xhcc:ccx
LLcL
<5 CLLCLL¢Q
:NCCCLLiL
::xL

<~cc::¢u
Lccc::L:
Ccccc::u
c:xL
z::::::L
L£::::¢:
c~cc:::u
:m:c::L¢
LLL»
1~:c::LC
:c::::¢:
qmcz
:s::::::
:cc:::::
::xL
~¢3q
1ccc::¢L
xch::LL:
¢¢3C
L::L
::xL
¢:Lc
asccccc:
c:xL

:2

3
LL

E: —c —cc cc cc:

H “F. F‘Fl “#4 “Aida-fl ~~~
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC: SCCC CCCCC

u~::
cs::
15::
(5::
¢~::
m>::
Ls::
CC,LLC
Lccc
uc:c
IcLLC
chLLL
OCLL:
«cc:
a:::
s:::
(ccc
(as:
c:::
rcLLLL
«0::
«c::
Lc::
chLC
:cc:
CPLLLC
xnzc
on::
p nLLc
rncc
cr:c
arc:
L A.LL:
cncc
C::c
:iL:
xq:c
chLL
KSLC
he::
4:::
w:::
«.15
L¢L:L
urcc
mec
um:c
cmc:
am:c
(me:
wm::
mrc:
Lac:
Cnc:
Lv::
uwcc
1x2:
qwcc
«we:
c\::
wwc:
excc
rue:

CLc:

2:L»L2:L 3::

:L

44

L

212LL1 :CL
Lax meLa bl»
AIL—mLJLx 3nd thLx slap

r214; :wa ::L 2::LL1 1: mLLm c.:CL

sz .L><rw L.::x
AxumeJALz Lle ¢>dw aim»

”7C4;

LLq meLo
L221: znc \\
:LPLLaz:L z:L»uzzL a::

:u;

.>sz2nm< L>:n< 2L mx:xxL :2
:2: chc
L my: azLL ~33: «L::
L: 2: L22; : :L::
9. LLL: : u:::
L: z: :L:c L C:::
L mm: :::: L:::
L :mx ::::::L¢ L: x:::
L ELL Lax ::::::2 LL: o:::
L ::L xL::::LL L: ~:::
::L ::L: : <:::
L x:2 ::::::¢~ L: «3::
me c:oc : r:::
L :Lm AL::::L: L: L:::
L: ::L :::: : ::::
L2 :::<::n: c:::

45

«LL: L :L oLL::::L

mzzx L :Lm <:::::::

(L .LL: :3:

«2:: L :Lm x:::::¢:

~2:x L < x:::::¢z

2 41¢. xLLxL

mcL: L :L xLL:::¢:

4L LLa ::xL

:zuw L :L >::::::u

nnL 2:; 2L «2:: L :»w ::ccccc:

LL m::Lm (L LL: ::xL

qu :£_z L :»m L:::::::

.32 2:a LIP LcL: L a oLL::::x

AL 41m. uch

mcL: L :L hLL::::L

a:ux:<1 (L LL: ::xL

3L wi_L:.Lz ..L2Lxu<a film 53‘ L LLL :LCLLLLLSC
cuL: L :»m oLL:::¢:

L cam ::oL

::L: LL x:L oLL::xnc

xz<z L :L x::::::L

mcL: L :Lm :LL:::¢:

L 41m ::oL

mcL: LL x:L :LL::xnc

21¢: L :L x:::::¢:

mcL: L :Lm pLLcccc:

L «1m ccoL

ncL: LL x:L pLLccxnc

ALLLL: LIL LL: ::L Lzz: mL mLIL xz<z L :L ¢::::::L
LcL: L :Lm cLLcccc:

IL223 LIL LLLIm L 41m ::vL
Lxx 2L L:L: L: L:L<> :<:L L:L: LL x:L cLLcaxnc
xzqz L :L x:::::¢u

I~.:q:L L an; :ccccmLc

241C: L :L <LL::::L

2::LL1 ;: mLLm n.:2:au L x21 :cc:r:¢~
«cL: L :La aLL:::¢:

e LL :L 4::::an

mLL: L :L¢ xLLc::¢:

m LL :L mccccxnu

NcL: L :Lm hLL:::¢:

~ LL :L ~::::an

L:L: L :L¢ (LL:::::

L LL :L Lccccxnu

2<I.C2 L LLLv. :LLcLLLLiL

LL LL :L ::LLcLan:

::LLL> :14: L: 1::q mzqu :221: LL x:L ::cc:xnc
xxx C><m LLmax ~L me mu::::Lc

Lxx L><m LLsz LL me mu:::::c
nthmL:Lx 3:4 L><m Laqu L :Lm ¢:::::L:
: :: :22au ::::

:22aL LzL m4chcn:

us<x

o—‘I-I

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

A
\r

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC'C

"CCC

._

CCCCCCCC

46

\

L

4
:::m\
::LLLLx

c:

m

::::\
::xL\
::::\
La::L

::q:

2::

Lm Lm<L
La :2::u
Lazup

«Ii

«:9

LL

m;.:LL

:LLz:;L ::q: Lu.L2::u
32:: :24: quL L.L<2LC
25.9...

qucz

241C;

1.. L;L.L.L..L LLL/Ladlu > _.~:L.L
2<IUL

.qufiL

wzzLx

La::L

nu-

rLzza :xqu Lqu :2 mp
2::L

1|-
I.Q:Lm
«L4: .: 22L x:. xLCIL 241:2

241:2
:mn192z;
(L
o¢IIL2:;
at”;

acu1u2:1
9.3L.
e

0"

nigh

(—
h¢OIUZIQ
mink

I

“I
azC
(
(«lIUZMA
:Lzuqz 2L <L4: uIL LxCI: mL Causzcw
L
::<L 23 2t:L:L pmeL LzaaLza >L1:L

>53;

zmx

241:1

2140 meL 13.. XULIU 2419“
<

::I::2:;

><::< :xqu :zu~

LIL Lz: :zu~ :n

::quLzL :xzz 2::zcu mu

xupzszo ::«u LIL C1<aLaa #22::
1......

m2:x

M23:

4

ups;

F‘N

J-J—J—JJJ—l

(\v-t—n

N

H
.l-J—lJ-l—JJ—J—l _J J—I JJ .J-J J—l Add—l .J—l-J—lJ-J

.J—J—l—I—J —Iu—‘

x:

:w:: :L:

::PZWZZP 3¢2Ch
PZ—Wfl-FC—JP-Hh2JJD-Phc.t—hP

U
m:
me-qu-ImamLmqmzxva«mam-Havaanq

5421
9

LndL
hZLLLLu

LL:

de
“'11
.LXX

ashr

La::L

a::L
~1::L

:<:L

L:::

:33:
::3x
::3:
xx::
«cc:
::3:
::cL
0:3:
:pccsoac
mLL:::¢:
L¢:x
~:::::¢u
:::c:xL¢
::ccchu
::::::oc

Lccc¢o
LL:::¢:
:cccccx
LL::::L
:::::n:

::xL
:mc:::n:
m::c::¢:
«Cuuchu
m:::::¢:

::xL
LLccccn:
m::::::«

:xaL
:CuucoLu
m:::::¢:

::xL
mmcccon:
m:c::occ

xx:L
Luuuchu
m::c::¢:

::xL
mu::::n:

:xcL
::CCCCL:
mLL:::¢:
c:::::::
LLL:::¢L
<:::::L¢
c::::a¢a
:LL:::::
«LLc::¢:
:LLcccsu
Lch

uLLCCCCnLL
F2CCCC¢C

u.~c
L:::::¢:
o:::::¢u
<:::::¢:
<:::::¢u
::xL

c c~~~ F.“

c pu—pu-n—u-‘m
CCCCOCCCCCCCCCC::CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCM~CCCCCCCC CGCCCCCCCCC COS:

F‘a—fi

add—l"

d L LC».

02::
«2::
h:::
{::c
4:::
m:::
«3::

47

m

urLd;

:::m\
::::\

a—l—Ia‘a—n

::::\
:::C\
:::c\
CLLLLC“

0.4
«Lccx
L¢:x\
::c:“

L

L.:2 xmL: xmLL:xaz:2
:LLLLazcu ::Lwo2:L a2:

Ox LL... :2 .140

:2 :Lsz .xLu

:zLLLu

:2 :2 Lumxzpmu
:LLmLazcu ::L»:2:. 4::

u2:x:

o>LrI¢mm< $354 2— meinuL :2

:2; LLL:
mm; 24IL2 L::: :LL:
L: .2_L .:Lxm o ”LLL:
mm: 2L: L::: 1LL:
L: 241Lz :::: : 4LL:
mm: 4JL: L::: oLL:
mm; mcL: L::: «LL:
max ~:L: L::: hLL:
mm: L:L: L::: (LL:
Q
L: ::4: :::c : mLL:
L: ::c: : 4LL:
.C: :::: : mL L:
L: 241:: :::c : «LL:
¢ma 1:22: L::: LLL:
mm: L43: :.:c
2. NL:¢ : L:::
:: L::m : L:::
u: :::c c :::c
mm; L2:z L::: L:::
mm: ~22: L::: x:::

APPENDIX B

A LISTING OF PROGRAM SPECTRA

48

I5

08/15/77 01601.053

FY" ..600"I

:l IHACE

091

73/7‘

SPLCYRI

PDOCEIN

 

 

 

 

    

        

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

49

 

 

 

 

     

  

 

  

 

 

 

         
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(\r 4 P\DFI1}f‘—nf\ Iroro-mnci’qhxi tutu: ~40 c-o-f‘ '- ou o—r. hera-cu osc1c—e.d*4r~clbcr
O-onv- apnqur‘c (.1 r rcq ,. vo r-‘rcchcl '4‘ db“£fi u‘auqlhhhwhhhlph
:cnILonntm a can nLc naouncal aaadooaooonfi on non onudmnnflnnn aoodannaL asp.
mmm-ov.wm IV v; WWW .1»va mmwtrvszi .WWUJVIWMWIFWMV. v.90 Imam mmwtmmvwhmmm .v-v"... ..‘- 42.14.ch .
'- O- 7 H U c: I... It) K {0 ~
'- d '- o _J .4 .1 ll 0 I» ,
2 D l’ o 0 o u I. I. II 0 an I
3 J a x 4 u- u a 1- IL ‘5 a» '
O 1 an C )- 0 O n 0 1» d 0) I
a ) o— o u s x o x D u
c u u a a w 4 I 4 II c .
o A a )- IL u 0 o o a at -
o. o u 4 L" r a. 4 o v. v u ‘ I
- x o h. o 4 x I. I: 4 u- 4 l" o .J ‘
u, N a: c' 4 I. u. v. 3 L o I. o x a: 'I
u o 4 4 IL 4 a o z a a o (I c. u I
4‘ V. F O :I' C M In: C k 1 IL 4-0- '
U- L: O 2 r 4 v. 4 I s o s v omn-
D on o 4 4 z ax o .4 3 o x o 1: ‘aun
a. w A In. .- U 0 N4 3: o g x In x P >11.
'- O O O m a 0 cu 4 u r- o o o D 1.31341
3 ~ )1 no u- 8 U H 0 who no-
c 0 Vt IL 0 at) .4 o 4 L: O 4 ”a um ‘-
u n u 1. n O Ivy 0 LI ‘3 U a ‘ o v34 v 2% C I
I; 1'- I H 2 V): 0| 3 a V) >- )1 >81: L.’ O 4
U I a x o .4 :- .J-l x a- 4 4 1s a o «:40 “ugh o .
a t- a' 4 L: MILL.- cm‘ IL 0 o a o ‘A a.— p or x
4 E, u ‘2 3 \5 a 4?: and CI :1 x I.- n .4 .LJN-a x—‘E a
o— n o '1 :I u t. 4: x .440- u o c 2 o o «21- . h o» o I
o I- I..- c l' 7 «:44 041— o o o- I. c c: NI- O1: 0‘ If ‘
V- I I > 4 O I. 0 T 0 no.» I u o v. .- o-n Quinn 4 o o ‘
3 1» ~ : '- x u CA .— ~ 4; In 4 o h. 1.. I oNdI vuu o I
a W! D- u-o 0- ‘s I. o uvno mu.) 0 .J V) I o 0 ex— D .1? .4
2 4 o 1: o .- x c. 00 0c 4 I. .— kay. >. rt.“ chubcgt I.
-- 1» o c 0'. x o I" xv > x u: r z 0154 4 Ir. O‘flfiru o
" ll I. I «I C I" O Viv-.1 U‘Wd J ." '- ‘fl 0 O ‘s I D 0;. un» nib)
.31 ll' L .- w .- o v. 9 Nu oou u 4 o mag-r. r momma-4 NI a-Imr
h. i u. 0 1r 0 O :3 ~42 4~a a x a. .M 0 0 x4? “2qu not
C. g x J. :P 4 IL I: L~z ~: 2 o-u Cm-ar a: s erLnuc <I oi ..- I
‘ {L D 0 L ‘I F0 ( a” 0‘ OCC 4 s C .‘V-u k Oluu «a OI A! d
U- r d -- :r 0 O D bYT xv-CJ 1’ o v- 7“ o o :Ss no .‘L \I... o |
O a J a O u v. 7kr—u 020- u x 4 4»: x I54 OIIXXL. tn»:
0- 1 m «n r cr 4 4 .IL of cum 4 .0 o a-‘riro o uradrcmuu Y—‘nt '
D l d I I 1| I, H .- an 4u~ o 0 (UFO 0 not poo-4 1000
a o- 4 .- D or o wr L3 0 ~ .1 x at o 0% '4 4 can my 441“: u) ml" I
.- o J o 0 3 ~— ILDT?>( cc. 0 g, L' .3 oflu— -- . 0'41th on; an.“ v i
3 P x o c‘, u- 3 c u. '. LJ xi? 0 u— 1' hr“ 9 o x. n-L D ousu s~dby~ i
c F 4 I— ' D ‘ 2 I: 0 4w o .45: 4 c v- ! Chm 3: .4; .4 -‘ «‘3 O—Jru
- D 3 It - 15 v- ; an o .L c an: .4 0mm m .- oncu\¢n3f ::L» o '
'- 1>~ 'L 21 \ M t 2 CI .0 -- 4%:- — p-«o .- 941; o .44 .4... on v 91:; I
0:) 0 a 0 CI 1 I» D ‘- IL M1 40: '44.- o 24! N: C. D. 4 «P 00 02‘s» "awn .
an I a LA?) 7 Im- Ix N u 0 user “Lu 4'» I.’ V‘ Oo-nu-IlO-I ~ Iv—AIhCI. run 't up 0 l
9:: u v- N °‘r‘ 4 u v— 4 a x :t— )1ch v-s um“ L‘ --c« o ‘40— (U4} u—c. n .
c,— E L .— LI 1. C o m rhea-2 4- 24 vn-oo Cup»: A Lara-1 Q‘s-1b Pair 0 l
o- m -Ovcpi w 4 21? 3.: 1 u 0 UAZ H‘uu 0"! LLS' Mnx ax.- Dc 0 p0..- N x oadtnu 0 re '
44 D OI'NL on o .- ci.) 0 ‘a 4 .Ldt oru -. u. b uu. uod-anw 0 0:10.24 nxudux: x .4 .
14 A «vat-41 4 ~1~3'> 1 «AI: ~u'4I ‘. I 0 :30¢ wu— ML 0-49 .\_I1r-‘ n J 0L '1? on. o»\..r\‘ ta. 1
LL . ”2.41...- o.— Q can: b v. 4..- .LV- nnu. LL44.- ov. Lxs c\ua on o > C4 bcxx-LsL 04 0 g
Lu.) 1. corxLu KCLJW ~4U Lit—EHTQAI on 0 0C“ o b.’ u-c-v- tax“ \—0\ In\uuLv~No £40411? otcqucq g !
u.» ' «I.»- Inn-CI 0 ML 1 04 A 00 N7: \CTL‘ I£L\—l «L o a \ o: L on 002$ a o\C- an
an. {E P --‘ 4 flouthTo-«uJ on (Du-N u-rm Jam—qr 9—4 ‘ yva I .— o—uu z 0 x4 Dunc-4‘ u- . on 0
mm I ' vow v-LIa'ILu or» ~x.’q-~-D- \cr- ‘19)»qu Ir- 't‘\-1 can: xrm an.) 't-NOIKCIzt— tin-(uh
~' I- 5‘ FOIL ) '- V‘r—V\:\V\I\V'<¢\I~xuow-Lu vdo-tu.~\ n—o o- .“ sin-o a4.‘u0-L.J~—1>(
>! (I I44.- 0.,4. 3' 2 J ‘- -vvi u 5 ' ~11fi-vbvv" 0’: “up we- '4' dv"1y~~d~¢v~ '
44 av wag-1‘. ; ~hj~i< .m- t—v—v-p-u-v-zzr-\v-Ur:>:1:r-r- ov-vc-uq-t-rr- v-r >- n— ob: ' r- .m- o»:or4u—v-..t- .
La 1' :20 n: '< 4 44444 444 4>4 41'44m («44444 4441>4>~4 'L ‘I A 5'4: 444 :
as: .u nuotvnyLL¢3r343 lat :‘uigux ::L: ”1:4 01.41 In: :‘rsm-aor .Lrt-tcthua r1 ,
.LC 1.: an. 43.4-44.1 Do»: aau Lara wit: u 1:4!ch exact a on caulk: 0:: k’U?| 0:1,: >311:
>3 In A—nv 2te.uoific-xo 0’20 9:): .C4oraoru—oooo-434 3:: '340 ‘oILa 4c“ dOO":O
cc. (3 Doom 4u—Taao:.Lo: nun Lu4§u 4*Cum‘:u::u:u:qi.iau ::Eiiu on. 04le on 0|? uquL I
u-I‘ I F '— F 4- O F '4 II!
I i i one NICO-h. '00 c1'~N1—‘~ :. roe c Ir 7. IL o~ J—hr? l
' n-n—fx (C 6. cu.— r 3;” .mh— v-l o— . n (J N nsvhh
I I i I" —‘—: 4 4 TM n‘nmc 4 4 4 a 4 44¢. I
I I ‘ I
LPU ' ! l i | z ' z I
I A ' i I s
l ! ‘ ; I l I , l ‘ I
' I
' 6 4 I ' I E ? ' I I .
' ‘ I I l I I - I
l ‘ l ’ ' . I I I ' I
. I ‘ ' ‘ l i
l l i ‘ T i I l | ‘ . 2
’ : I ' I ‘ I 5 I . i . | ;
o-0 I In ' I v. c I. . c. If‘ C .m c at" J» I I' o I If" ;
. l - .1: N r r. . '0' C ,4 i u . .5 . 1L 4: h ‘ s- .
f 1 I I ; ‘ l i ' l i ' ~ .
' I ' I ‘ ' . - ' : I -
‘ . I . i i l I I I g I i I
‘ I , I . I I | I I
9 I I ' i ' - 3 I ' .
I.__.‘ ._._, L _--J I._-J L_.--J LLL L L... I L__I

3.65

.164“.5$

93/15/17

:1 IRACE

GP?

75173

PROGRAM SpECTRA

 

 

 

 

 

 

50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L
J _‘
y
4 »
$0u4~r§4t1 %:‘ 7:“ 8“? 3: "‘40“ . =— 1‘“. 341% 3:“ *:-_‘. 500 3“ -.;T 3‘ ‘3‘: :3 --“. .1
but: chwlcza Macho” ocoIN: rcI ccrIpc 8" -‘ - “ ‘ “ ‘ 2 - .‘ .3 ."" . #3:: 60400441 Immnnm
can can. unaluc L ncILnua IaaeILuaaILaao 1433111141: 11111 111010.411. 0.16 1‘11 nan sgtgnaa t
V1930? (IN/5 .1" ‘ ‘.‘..“‘ “* - .zt.‘ "‘“ ‘ “‘ 9.-." ..‘.“ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ f ‘- .3 ‘13 mm a
u x .1 4
.1 4 u. o n
In 0 s 8 0-0
‘1 4 0 w u
o 4 :1 o g
X I. 1' N .4
4 c O 1- D
o 4 u o g
u u u m u.
4 o g u- o
h. K t-v O A
C O .1 All C4
4 at .44 4'
4 o L 4 o .—
o u .1 m :-
x )- 0-4 KO 8
a. a c: 4: «1.1 A In.
1 on a mu .0- 1p 0
N O In! no 0 mg (I G
o 4 2 48x 04 F In
x )- U 7.4—4 ou- In 4
4 «.9 4 «In I 3
o x o I. an .-
o-o 1.1 it Oh- I1.
4 2- F- x: D J
o u» 01 c: 0 IL
4‘ u it we I- III 2
v— . ya ou In Ip o
o x .1 . as I: .1 h
x has... 4 0 I' II ~
In ca 2 ox E a“ v
o 44 no II- !- Iml u.
a ”1‘4 o .414 I“ t- 1— .9 rd D .1
u— .10.“ o. O O a 41! .1 u.
o u~u no a. a v: I. p I! 1
an Inn o .4 . V) In V) v- a!) I! a x o
h 4 ¢ 0 >- t- > In 2” II In :3 .4
o 4 ox 411.6 11.x II 4 z \ I: II. ‘1 on -J u
I Tim >Ct‘ on I»- r o a 01: D o g a
ma nuu‘ -- g 0-1g g y- n a o g. a up u o >
0\ ya 04 o—ms arc-.1 4 a so 0 an 11 pc I! 11 O- u
t o ”DOUG O u-o 04 a F € (V II 90- 1- 0- .J x
40 xu— 4'- 00‘ 0.; C W 0 I6 5 on “1030‘ o- D u— 04 I
04 omuo Okla I m D-O I: 1 A on .4 II" I. «M I. 4
1:4 It O4¢f~m¢r o o ”44: 4 ~ 1- .- o o o-u-In- 1b 1: arm on m
1 o 447-;0’3h-u 04 91- o c u I- - un- DOO u .4 o o
n. .o o gzu— «um.» I” x «no u— - o-o can u- ID 5 39° 84 a
y~xu L‘? LLU-IHM u 4 e 4 O U than I:- a. i n- 41 .4
on .Io—uu 4U 0120 .1 t ‘- 0- :r 0.9 D 400120 8 E H II U
9.; «as but nuom a; n; One 4 I ur—u H: {g a 00° 51 '-
u.1 v— o 4 om mum-m. 4 9 on n A 4 0.0)“ A I 8 I» 1.141559 22 I
an Iznx :3: «who -- In In 9 0 on o “co-0- 1022 'o-a U4 1pm.! 9 4: 4
OfflKB-YNOI-muo- 0.14: or a I- a new o r 1v: r-oI. :9 o. o nun-ed“ 0!”.th g
x<cmu4 I- an“: I; 4 m Ir un- u cu tau 1 out mm- a , I: u “mun 49¢ 3.491. 3.1 a
3.04 04.14 «.s o 4 o: I- > It can IE1 v-ov- oo\ oo, .45.- 3:! z o 1 IL 0.0 A I o I”!!! “lozu'uhl
on. on «.mowxc one . a . . I mm: an mm In cm 44 up- a- muzzqaoov- b than DAM! o
4 ”1be ON 11. .1 Duo ll zmlLu am 2&- I-uo-e .Uv-fl .1 qt: FL: :‘4‘ :2 «4‘: = “ :
4xn—Hc. OI \II- 611-1.; 1 N 0"- 11 11 IP ommav-In om 10.111164 «gum-m o Immune o o I 0 1| 0| oOluIIhImHl
cru' \ —r\~\ I-srm -- I~a~ c- on II n-d-wo 0151-70-1? or «an 7 04 - on’m-hrooua I-fio-Oql-‘c 0 DH
-vvyvcuu v- .4.- ..4 I cum—pun; c o I» olan-a—I nous [xflm onnu‘ “gonmuzbnuvu4 o .0: “up
u-b-D—IPO- or-tv-I-I- u—o-o-Ir- 4 S'UlKUYHIFNd 0) Int- Imm-mro. 4140“" v. d oxuu Hummu- I»? II 6>i“- oqum
44441444u444 44 «I ~ Ito-44¢raumu II 11 ~0I~3M~D Immense. :r-nx anew an uwzuma4oo1n¢4~rc~ vulrfl
:1 (11': wt.” 1': III-111’ .- VDUPPIkaW‘L’P ‘E can-rum >-..- _- c ~4odbvu41rxmucbno-Hr31120040 r 01-1 In
g¢o {Ea 3131.1: a. a x r -4 5.14 130—141LD4 4 41m; .- Ivr— Ind-P4“ 1.144 Junta r—fi v1:— 440 414W
O'uO OUO‘hfiL‘O “OI-D 2’ ADDIKVIUQIOCC I: uwInuu4 11.10017815th full- 1.1.1; ZDWLJOKKHLKKS egg DUE! O
ummlLu’uOkuu 55.10. N ml—l‘ 72324 1 cu .—.—: :IMi—taito-.. :r 2“ ‘ “ “‘=I 13
F (H H
F‘U'fl.” V? c: e v-‘tx. 4m 4: Ir- a ID ID 01 r. 0! v-1 (I 0 NO
51111 71- N our: :0 I? I! \0 ¢ ‘- '- P- I} n l- 0 00
044 Fifi II IPJ'H.“ 0’? II. If O O C CO
uuu 01.19
I
c r. c r o II” n r o 1'1 o In 1: in o
a y a a o I- an a N (In In I" 4 I In
n on c-n H .- Ill 44 H '4 (I! c-I
L—.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

51

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

m: a" one a» cu .c.c.u~.hflt»w>M¢MmW~mm ban
a? a. guuumz
o. a: coauaunouwvc¢uum
.. ._ nmEééi
4‘“: “' I 14 E
y g “nag—a
a . A rnUAMID
: n . nu PD: onzbwtn
.. a. 533.23%...” .52 S. ,
a. new c» n: cww
.. .. «a crow .méumwmnt a
_ a. mno o» o:
r a. ch. ch ca azotxauvu
;. A. cnc.o»>w¢bhxm-uunruzwu n: m-
: a? car n» cc Acorn-guomuaa.a_xmz.u_
2g or «ouomraruuamuua
“1. a «c: a» re .«ouuounmr39.u~ rem
u h uflJuPflw-umpuunnnPwHflGVuwivwin¢L 0““
i. a n3 3 ca .muamz.8.uam§zlu
.:_ _" «ouamtavuuamtaz «en
E: .43 «$335. 33.33”". .4.“ «3a $0.»qu Luv “wax" $0.30...» a» $33» 4»
.c. a: , u mum
:c A“ chap Oh C¢
:c. ow ::zru.—~n:acmw so:
3; an .«AOpm u\%¢k>o 44¢ rhullzoxxu o<u¢u u. kcrccm cum
c‘ an .oucoe. “ppm; 2:: ecu
.c. am max oh cu
r nw $3339 “mama...” ”and 3. wanna» up.“
I. on Sean... :2; m3
5: an 2:: 0» ow
to am .c—‘cacunuwtzru 33m: ruuzu a. ~¢yucu wax cc—
U0 0“ HuTUI «Paw-w» whmufl one
00 am arc oh no
me am .uAcouaqn ud—uoatu s. hcxxcu ncu
«a av z<xuz .nccomv urns: no:
um um «wkflht “WW“.ucapwompwmnw » “u «flw
ooh on . nowhuquu may: urn‘mauzz<1u ‘cnxm:m<»;ou.nm~u;01csv weszau no:
oc A? LNumoZQZU U107=¢7nno¢oov want: no oouo xvu, obtao uN—v oh?- rqzuz.un
cm a; momma no cuctni mac; n ma»? r out. mug? u—Itupcr u
.m I. “an w» ¢¢ “kahunwnww!wfll.wuumocchww.PwI ll .illlfll
a: a. 3:32;...5:82:33.931 .33. «t. f: _
It: a" Nam o» oo auamtarobuomm¢a70c2109oOUo4<2¢3ua. “
0: a. acouauvyccu33 so \L
u u ”flak-«am uh 0a
a: a. nxmz—nwvac:umman~
=1 av —omm-::nmm¢oz men and
auf a. —uc<4u~ rmq
h “- I”‘"“~II\T
=h a; orwsu-wnxuo_mz war
FBV 0.. U
:mfi an arco aqua c» 70~puum u up—
Ih. v
:5: a; .._.»uu1~». pxa—m.c.._xupu4»m mxc
VF G..- Ud..\.¢...fiflh “‘3 CC
an om u¢u a» on A—oououuamluuu
. mv. pftmbfilkir .il. -- lire: --
I. aw Pawztnxiuuuaw:
:w: om anvhuruxoauvhuaxoo¢nauubuux~> ch.
em am .~.a~xmro>anvm_u>uasv~ 4
: kw «u uuzwroulhiwrn -tllta: -z---:;--- :: .;
.q am Luvaaxm me—
mo ow .—.a~xm7..~_D>>—4co.~.>~4uazoaw
oar am -hur~ro.-pu¢1o.~.r~carwo.-~297<Moaconua..5o—.rrax<a..use.a~o¢uu ”so
"a om 1: in- . ii- 1 1.5.5.3.?» 2... on: -2 u - ,1, 2 :35
«w an .~.u4uz\ntuucu.~vuocs¢4 ct. _
um um canoncoocmocooaoaueuuuvuapuuauz ~>o0uo-osbu4utau~ cu—
: on a.o~.o.co.:::ru3.3...... 5.3.3.3535: L
0W‘ 0W \boWmewquuTnmmvummm mxnbwbmmwauudutmun -ll.u-|‘ -II 1.x:llli
am am oomtxauwudutn—uauaLa amocLo._.:»uJux~Lm
nrfi Lm 7cxuroau— cat 30
«s cm .~.1_ozuo~»~>:xuo.~v3bu4utoauvLauzoonu>sxtueognupzawawacxmocvmp—cz rim «m—

wocn nmocwocuo sw\u—\¢c «room-o 2pm uUcc> fiuhao. nhxrh «chomam («xccza

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

can nm or— c» cw
«wm :JlTlil 1il4 «kw “I? waw
s:n cw o¢~owcnomau aafiuch<o4.u— ova
¢cn c; —I—_ u 3 ncn
fer nfi o:~ Oh tc naocou4on-w¢mmam.m “Mm
. 4 IN. 14"“ ' 1 N“.
” er: a? new ch cu aoooohmoau ~<h494eu
:5, a: «on u —
4cm on new or cu ongoowmnmmvubmnu—u arm
3“? M 11 II - MHJHMI
:5“ a: ~04IuN—mnax
mum on 33%“ $34.: .1. «S.
CON om u:z~»z_u cm—
mon am coo—sawdn._.¢pq_4
uvL fl. «amuhu urwfldwbuuwbunuuua «0 haul“
am am .1.¢—¢cru.m.n« com
.3... 2.. 3.3.2223: 3:
man ca «oxucx
«Wu 0. Grain n.» ¢fl
«an ow 39—"?
ocw a: 4omru~ can an mww
man om axu<b¢cxu.r.A¢ mn—
0mw 1“ tank
me“ o_ a..ng mg. on
a...“ cm 73..
«am am wimmuw can
mum a: .~-.nmm
«km a" noutluN—mn~t an"
spa a: LN—mnnt sou
who L. «Wm $0 ww‘ Wk“
rs“ a: autowmmmuxhootw 4449
05m 0: :c— an em roumo—z—anx~m—
rpm a; anuchuuamnauv¢hfiox sod
w 0 auuwpnnwa¢m bum
gm um" :35u3unuux: «2 u a;
a
9:n o_ vx<ua Ub<uo4 o» ranbuwm M
3m m. 32:23 «a u
.3.“ 3 .3283 new
:«n aa axofiuuoapyupv4nmvouzaOo¢-Ww~a2 no
i. 4: 33.2.228525223. H3.
at. a: n: Op Dc aura—uopzu24wu.
fiw. “w . 9.3“. can
b“. | "'m!"
:rm or nepruz4uhzuz.
:rn a; anou-Mo~u5 no on
saw a... . awn—292.
‘.~ 0. m0-mnwpmwpaLmrarufluuflumu$000pwwy.nuuuanu-uflflflfiwu mWWA
em.“ a." 2.33.231: :23. 3:.
%WM am won an ca nonthtou4owm44noCOoooheopz~autumn on" u
.m, M2 kWh: allwauln hr! wbb .l—mfl‘ah lbw-Jun MW
,h.w on. U OWN
.wfi a: nn¢ o» o;
.c. a: gun urn-nuxmzqu:
a u nmr Wk Wm hmowmobrnnm.mflflotflmobwolslp mmW
so. A“ can 0» a“
:0. a“ aaruzonnfio—fio~o>¢¢<uu-o.~.>uxt<uoa-b8tU4uguoooouuhuc_ at: new
:0. am a«a.->¢c¢uuuauturo—~>(¢duu
firm IIKLEOHIW WIP- ‘4:
at. on moxuzuuzu,
so. am .ancoovwh—ca
ca um _.¢ncoc~u»~¢3 woo cow
w. L. uDMMwPoaiflmw
:na 0: aawocuuczusannonuruduumuhxamu.n—oflwbxcuuw
2r. a: . kucrxaa«op->cxdsuunuuo->(z4uu
rm. 3 put Oh ow “coaucuuazuun
I L. mbzuwlbd WWW mmw
mm. a“ nouuxznuuzz
on. a. amocafiou~>¢<uum~o.nuo~.>x<uumu.u«o—.>¢<mum
nr. 1. aflo->‘¢¢uuo.——o—.><¢¢uuu.n~o—->¢¢<uu

 

 

finer—con. hsxm—xco ananoc run uu<¢p dunno nh\nh (tpuuam xcxuoun

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

015.1“05‘

“II/1‘17?

FTN ‘obOO‘S

1 IRICF

SPECTRA 75/73 0P1

PROGRIH

53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l
I
l
I ufiIF'Crfihla't L-wmo rum-Ir Lc—Iu
.—-.~qp-u.-—I~uwr.-M\em r r I
. “mlnnnnfini;r. II'IF Vi '7'". nn'r‘
I

 

 

:hcdrcnw hora-3:: are
r¢¢: rrr rrnl-hthp
nv-ni‘ Ar _ :rruhnnm?

 

~¢no<¥~~rc1hflhr1 c—Mpovam-ca-
.rnoaoooaroconru‘ml InmInIrIrIr‘ucI
- - ranr nut-M

w-f-‘uq .wuv H"'§'.‘ >For-U'

 

 

 

 

a,
‘
5
3
LI;
1“
“N:
‘3
‘30
33
389

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

t c nIIo cu- ounce baa gunman unnuoua room 0000 anon“: than 0‘ cannaau L110 IOCQILBO‘QG 013 In
W.‘“.’. .snz-uxwvmv I'm-l: muvam/zmIann: .25: 4:: 9‘9: 1"" v-.- " " ‘ ‘ ‘ -.- ‘ ‘.‘ “ “‘ .-
I
I
I
a !
I
I
I
c
F
.— n a- 9‘}
K C I D
c C 41 (:1?
If: I- : I n I r. III
‘0 1 .3 u- .l u-I -0
n o o-I 4 N < N u 4:
(5 v v t I
O o \ O \ c. - vv
0- o- .- A O- n O- J ‘1IAA
:- 0 A U Huan-
c r fl 0 84- C c:- O V! (Iliu-
I..'.' I- ~ 0 2): l” 8x U) C e1 48
n c I: 6'0 owe a at!
a o >- h A 6‘)- a c‘)- a U-
2 I 1 n 7 NPD a « NPG A c u ~u¢<
a D p u- ‘. v-3 0" C o 0-5 «I 8 our-I-
I. h- 4 O l’ 004 i N 00.! a- N t- o b(¢
4 o a I- I: O-tc 0- I-t( H1 I: can:
I'.( n u «4 I» r!- O I- >I- O c obsta-
- 40 a 4 0 -- ILO Col 0‘ I- 0:- oc I- u Hun-v4
4 arr-Ir. n o I: x “be ‘34.? AD c4~~ no I- 4.1r-t-x
x 09‘) A x p.93 v.4I (t O x r «a o u lax-up
v oil 011! I- O A v I" a- 0"}? O 0 ID avid-I C O I, O ‘ =2:
‘ 4am I- 4 n d IIAC 4<~ D xo- 4"- .J xt- 4::Imm-I-
*- 21» '3 x z I- 5.- xI-dm a4 A xt—c r 04 a O kit-vda
c uvII v r, v '1 o o 1 vd C‘F- I > o a It: O‘t—l > o o I: I- UIPO «OI:
Own-)4 "‘ k: I In c h u '- o-«n (a I -- man‘b ox u o I- ~ watt 3 or U I“: L' dqlcori
t D o F 3 - N I- .- 4 n :I I t :5 I 4:0 vu :quM o 411: up ::u M: : 9-» I III I ,
"M4nQ I z I I: o IIxxI>¢II r u: out". uu z4l 4 out" ".4 240 o QII~~4II
'31:ch Ir ~na—Ia NC. N—I Iczx Do! I» inure" III-o axon-a OKID :4 an ”IR XII-- 042—4x M a II no”
1II~ I II-III-fit- O HOD-'3 D4OI-‘5220-4P—ou um: ~50- II x‘rxxgw uu H-xrl- II x xx In 0 H-xx I-x I- t :21:—
Iu tut-II". ~1Lu£~v3 "Iv-u 1 II «If. v: Into—II Iva au-1r2-u on" Iva: fiuwlgz'“ 2“ II u . ;. n
.14.: Jan .10 u ..IIOa-fl “snowman «Inn ILKCIDII¢4II|L>I~IDNZIL IonaI "44 KB>~1 urn. Iou.4 >c4r u Myrt>h4
xx< xo-q xu" ‘26? a ‘3 HXQIFCXXI ~CIIJXXC “‘“ ‘2— 9—: 8*: 2‘ :“ 9—! uet In t =
N F n It.» a n r Ibc Ibc -I N In c
I: ‘0 In In '- II- I". Do- ~ '- "" "‘
.- c-I y-u-I a-I a In TI— *IN N «u N N
Iauu
c. In K n c r t In 0 In (D m c In I In
.- H e In *5 a 0 Ir: r In In F F t I!
n I!) n In n r In In In In I or In Ir In

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

£54

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ran a: Juc7Io~ru4u¢xz
0 “muuoauucIIuw. rIL
fig. a: c3s a» an .v..:._:_..~ x». cm.
.—90 L.“ - I b
:4. a: <uc< x<4a uz~Icunuo on tea—94¢ w
AVA". ‘- H I .
._ .o a. monopzuuno; are
:uc a. qohzuuu—zuu g
.I II.I+h&I
er a" ~n¢\-0¢Iupruu
are a. 0¢N Ob cu .aocopcoweauu»
m. o. o.~c\nn.unn‘ cw.
“0 L «nowfluufihw I ouumHHPAanwInomw D k¢I¢wflImuwnwwuo¢¢iP Wk“
:0: c. gowns—n. u nu.
ace 3. aanuxlamoue o gnaw. Iaworeoao~u o aaaavxlnhenuoo.m. n nun
$NN a. apt~>o.¢ouo>ouoI.2.¢—< luufimwm mm“ b
run a. nooanna
:0: a. 1.3”, res cc
an. a cua4
00‘ I I «rm-»
no a nI-«fi coo
.00 a u
:nN‘ A u>~p<>_¢un azouum pug» 92¢ c—ocprwu uzqtcuhuo o» zo—huum w
:mm c can Op 0o .ONooop4ohwha4mocCo ca.upw hmha4meu~ I ,
:no a can or re aco~o p4ohmu>covu~ «to
in .. ...,:.n....wm5m
raw u. III? I I:«m.mmmmm«
:.c o. conuc acouop4ocvu»
fin" a bru>91cxc>cuu one
ewu . .zy¢.mn¢uc .ym
::c a ¥¢u¢x¢ tuN
ran a. aafi.«~<04o¢r¢vuz~acu1<
.W L um-khfi r?“ ¢¢ “kW
:10 a. a~.<h<o "xx:
3?. ‘ fl“~"¥
.to a. xcu xc m—w
. I L unawaummd.dImeuaflIIWa
:c a. aoxua raw co ewe
:30 or .4x.¢p¢O4n4x¢
9 40 B.“ "94!"!
w w
:7" mm u>~p¢t~cuc hug—u hmuh 01¢ mucau aopntou ~30 ¢u>4~u oh reupuuw w 40
c m
: c. on oeN a» co mco~0h4opchmvu~
0 In omauawwu IImwuumdeManm\
1 o um .:ux¢> .c.c..4.¢.>.u_
. o a. .4- :.~oo.eo~\.o.. :cuuc....o.acxc>¢o4 ux¢>c.or‘unu3¢>
o a. cmexcgan¢u¢¢ c—c
0 L wonubau uquuwMWHowuum1a>40uflnuwwIwum
_:c &. nfiucb<mxox<uanxdwa N0—
:_0 a a: 4xu3 «n— on
.:c u oux¢uc
I a. w wnw
flu" a hug» 4gu—nm—pcpw r41n‘ on 7o—uuum u
. a u
_cc g .xo>o.4¢.udax¢>.u—2_>
WW I ulldlmmmg‘gfiflnIHKDFlbIH-Ibhb
has A. cr~xuxm>cu¢uxwyt cc.
:9: a 4t~4¢xm><n4uvu><
:0: a warn—zou ecu
+. meRIw.
ro: a A>¢¢xucp¢OIozaxm>«n¢oxm>:
:ar a can c» :9 ..ut~o»uo¢y¢~u hm— ram
.9; a no4zn4:
. . nFIJKvIWIDEDJSKIDIIJarrb
,_;fl “W he“ on cu .:_x».»o.4x¢.u
:: an aa><4xo¢»¢0toa4xu¢»¢otvmm¢n4rc
:n tn aa><¢tvchantIaxxv<bcoxuwa¢u¢X¢ con
. “a uni-M‘KDIGMIM
.a, ow 1.xxu>«¢x
2:: am con 5 at" on
4;!” an «us?
a mocn anon—own. shxruxoc nrcoooc 2»; uu¢¢b «uhac nsxnh cahuuuw tcxcoua

 

 

 

 

 

 

55

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

:0. an wax—urou on:
. n umwonuuqua
=m. a: ...<u¢«‘uu
:r. n. on. a» co .u.ua..u.¢u¢.¢.u~
:m a ::xx.xu~ ommzmm nun
:n u -~ 0» ea .z:¢:.ouummumI
fit a adu¢uu<<uu '00
mm m . «no a» co
m I and w» 0“ um-hwnnwun ”wm
:r a m~.u.-.¢\¢e.or¢~.uc
.a o .Quampzuuuc
:: A noaufi wmc
. L «MD “mo
an a. - 9 mm»
6.. a. 4hzr-zux>ux u
.7. a. exocaat 021 can tax—ounm an act.» uc xcuc anon ozuu on 73—huum w»
a. 9 ac. op c¢ I
h. a h¢¢o< .mcoo-upuz cwm
:. o. «\monJ—¢oup«a oww
u nmvuuww. mum
: . a. ._.o¢»zuuu‘
f. 6‘ U":
._. u. «on Oh co .oocu.u.u m.m
A ,0 manuauuau»flw«nauun.
: : a“ z:zz.~u. ~cn o:
2 _ a: cww 0» ca anoouozarzuu
: _ a“ .—.¢uw<<u_
I «wuwuhRNUIu «an mm»
_ a: u
::1 a: 4uraixus>ux whatuuocnng oz< — aazhuunm an x¢un mu 0?»; on zouhuum u
_M M. a.p¢w0-JPO II.umvlmmau wu u
.r. o. :c n» cw .. ecu. wvna~v u mam
:e" a n: a» cc .n .su. am¢o_. u «at
:g, o. fi—fiowroomwo unnpmznmm¢9_.u
, m up In a: o u. mmmflu u
m“, a «a: .» oa .cm=n .pc. x<zu. u
.. n. =0. a» a¢ A4 .0». wm<aw. u ocm
:nr A“ no oh co AccououamF z.u new
0 A «mm-wwwpwmwmuummeImmmnuwu
.9cA o. art o» co ._.ow.mmqu—.u
so. a. no ch cc A; cam. uoupazu uh
:o. a Lam c» cc .a.c.uh.»:umnu.u u roe
wmw a” x«¢ooga uxh go m»a.o cuzpo o» 4a.»:cu mm¢¢ op 2o_»uum w .
on
he. or u=,__:ou «cw
”0 u. nuuuwhudmloflwuflwaflwum «Io .
an. or cux-u.yaaz.aua<¢
:ao a; »:4u u .z:z:.u¢~¢uu
«me a: o—aumwnazw1WP
man a. 4:»mmmmmmnum mu.
rec a: «oraczutarz can
ON. a“. U
“K" L .. IIIIIIII-
pm: a“ u
—¢o c: oocuu¢> cm.
on. aw o.cu¢ucq wan
I"! II». umbrP‘rI-V iii. :13! Ill’IIlp
c». a: e.on¢q> .e.c.»4.x¢>.uu _
s}. a; mxm<c.m.co4uo«.oxcun<u¢¢>
or. or oxccoy.ua<u¢ua< ms: _
h r a - . .,pbkuurvuukhflxltt-n--I:.I,2.1.uiszsa
or. on ~r~>ouuaz¢.xopcuozax.
use am »7_>I4u.x¢.xo»cuuym4.
are on aucrrnwu4zc
I II» III,-.azls;::I:I!IIIIIIIII:I!.n;|I;11!Ili!lII!Iee1l auaxtuamctc.nn---:lil : ;:c¢¢
c%. on .o~.¢»‘o:.x.ka.nx.uu. .¢_ 4
we. a“ wu.:zo4ucxzuc~ o«— oo
c¢o a; gnx«ua¢ _
“WW fl. MmmWImwwa -- I-
o;. a; raw J» Ic .nx..u.au.ry.‘~ we.
¢¢o a: r:, 0» cu .41..4.4;¢zr.u~
ow. am 4Lo2oc~su¢g.:r
n nucn nnoc—o¢uo sh\¢—\xc «moo¢oc apu uu¢ah «upac nsxns gapumam («yucca

56

 

.| In .-.I|IIIIII II-llvlllcl.| -l - - . l. I I III.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

wave

5.; am .\.cc...oa ;uu.u.m.»c¢ur: _
.I. I“ iii-ii- . viii-Ill --- -flc,|- - -
r5. om ..x.>cauzu-.4.»¢cuau.\..x.cz»rumu.4.c¢_zbm.u.
.5; mm n_n o» cg ..4.oc—yum .ua. .~.na»:uu. u.
n5: aw c.» a» .w ..mx.ua:.o¢»74m .pc. ._.a¢_zuc. u—

-ߢ .fvvoait-IIIII----It:..-I- It.
=7: a. "on": nan c—w _
.27. a cu: _
:9; am zaaaouuu cum on .
I: a" b.aIw«Ii-L. wauuwuu I 33qu «mm L
9;: a» z:az.~u_ «.m13 ".n
at... Q” .. few
n.; on vu—écu74 ><c (121m urnizupdo c» )Gubu.m w
==: am «a an pg
3.; a. o.oacn\.~.uczum¢ u ._.»u¢u2u c~n
4:: a‘ a.a=o.\._.¢pzum< u.~.o¢»zum ccw

«vuwuv p«-. wan-aw
an: a .mx<~az ._u_ ..~.narua« .._.. a m‘. ..c~\.~..u. «on
:96 a anuon . Up—a)
rar o. w:7_»aou h¢c
I - («Mu-“wvuuumwm wII
may a. a.ou.4.»uuuz. 4
:en a. .4.c¢—zumu.~.¢prua.
%:n a. .4.»u.uxuu.m.o¢zbz4 -m _
I L I¢9t+»I¢o-+I¢.
on o. 5u4 car
can a .a.>c«4auu«
a=w o uao 0» cc acouuoafiw>ocuru.u—
I a-I no cu “0.“.ampnmukuwwuouu --
=2: A mgcuar.vus "on on .
a:: a“ goxuy mar
as: A“ -n ch cc .mx¢unz.cu.4.u.
www-
mc. o. .v.>¢auruu.
«a. a. :oo o» c; .o.c.au..x.>¢¢.zu.$_
.c. a: not": cc: can
L \Imu-
:» u mg.uaz ..u. «a. 0: on. u 4
r}. a >uouzu >¢¢I¢rr<¢ wrun¢u399~ u
, aw uuaaa an «uwwwum-muuuczaum «a «mama uawamum ww-wwmuumm u .IIL1IIIIIL
ftw a U
:rr o 9-4 0» cc
arm a on. o» co .mx¢uaz .ah. anus. u.
-m umwmunmu u¢m
pm a .5.o¢»zuuu.oxum.ocpzym ohm
:nn a .32.»:ou can
30“ o x"...
‘or a: ¢cn a. co .u.»4.;.u
::r a" ..I.r.au—ruu.maauu m¢v
::m a" r:a2.~u: orn.oe
:;m a. .¢I._.axpzuu.ma<um cm.
::o a: ».¢¢s._.>¢auzuuc poo
:n a: an. 0» ca ccn
I I .muumm.»orumw-a
:gn a. h.. c» cc .aa.¢no. .puu .u.>u«uau. :—
_..m..- a w o rtktumxut
r:a a. eggs .uxuru_ son co
.- I mquu.:z-wmr » nrur -mu.> wmw
=4; e a o arua u or“;
:: a n o .zwa u «tn: one
.2. a cunt-x
v t‘ 3" 11 mm
;. a Faun» .oro.owup_ua cmn
:fi. a can 0» cc .o.a.o».~naw» uu
:c. a. paz‘ ..cummu .nuoo. »_¢:
r . «mmn.u~uw mm wmw
:0 -MW e
:0 am ::cpuuam 9 man
no mm moccaz«—m r» mx¢us a. munexuz. «xt‘u poucccu zu—mm. a» zoupuua e
me an awn o» cw
we an « 40nd 0.4unx:
.o ca .xno.ono~u»¢a« um“ com

 

 

moot—ocu- hhxm—xoc

ntooooo :hu

Lu-zp «ubao nhxnh

«x—UMQw tcxcoca

”AGE

GRIISIVV .16o1..55

FIN ..SOOS'

:1 Val-Cf,

'CPY

7".I7!

POOIIRIH Sf‘tf'fil

 

cam-«noInoscIr
( ( f ".
,

urI“ Nf.f.f‘.‘

momw¢ocm¢éa

 

 

I
UV: KY'Y‘ ?1'|TUU.7
SECYIJV F0“ PQUCFSSING ACYIVAYICN INILYSIS OI"

-—-- 1v tJt‘ItL .sf.+rm-fo—¢*———-.

I
m U'VEWO YT‘I7

31‘

 

DCVY':TI”ECTIHUWSFC)-‘YIRI

chIoacIIc-c- o
Mm’nmmm DMWMIVI

I'IBUPLIVlkuflfiPC).EU.0.0) 5" 10 b.”

 

 

 

 

 

57

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

nonmlhcm— :‘9: .‘fl‘IoIMthIhc‘u-eIhcmolhmocII-I‘nfi: :r: :—‘-. .3..- :3" :fi:‘..:.*. c-uuhc
var-.0 Irv rIr rrcI QQQIFQCCII'U‘UTIDIDL’ J-q .I run oquCIDwIL #9.- I~I~I~I~r~v~¢IrmucIccoml o-a‘cI OI
.-.I.-.4“:.:: :4; .‘.‘ ‘ ::: ‘_‘..‘ ‘16:: ‘15:. 3.1— 6:; :3; .‘ILU‘ -&6: :4 ‘. :3; ::J —‘
InnaIcnnroonQaan$oonncoaflnanfinnaIncaLaoowaaooonahonnuoaanouaIonau
mnmmmmwrwmemumnmvwflmmmmmmmnmvm mwv.vmmtmma.finw.uw“ “““ :3; r:;.;
a
a
c
O
o h
o
In 0
o I:
n
O A
0:: n
I O x A a
at I u A
No. U 0. c
o o hl If. In
@099 0 g b
O O O O .-
:cch u I- In: W
III-LIL 0 II- cu- Ih \
s 0 C o A II as”.- -1” IL I.
ruuu ~ fl cm: a on u a
D I D V 0‘ Ira I-I O. D ma IL
> |* C‘ DI: c (1.0- 1‘ ID
hPPP A u I hr. rw d) E
III II II A a- ! II- rVI c 3!» >0
umu .- c- T In (‘Ib‘ he?“ v-IA ‘- I
r) -. and 4 a n- u".- a u-“ OCL. It Up
- >u- I5 ID -- ILII x on UN! aca. Inu- al-
v-v-b- > 40 I-I» o I; v Altw III cv‘ia» cam N 0: CM!
I. r 40.“! I:n n I— can»: to“ wit .- lb“ If“
pan .7 x :5 no I: u .- :- onyx? natuo. mu: c a: : DIE
ID)- l’ 1'- KIL- on ID»! N3. I C.‘L~I.J~ O’CIICC. 02 XI ? II
o o o o I . I' - -¢—a-I~ orp- hc’ 4h; CID-yaw "your. c «12" Osman- '1?)
psoa u a I: IIx~~u «up omaW\ can,“ c»\wnc I\—: bucu- nu
Ammun— '4 I as: halv- Ir 3‘ FM. u uuu cjul x56 PIL""‘ ”ZN”; JNL
uocoo x A 5 xuuz>fl~ ch\ a: flu Ogmvw cauluucnudo ch~hu no
-54.-- I- v‘ v- HIM-J3 4"“ B'IL-A O-D-CIDI" ‘- run“: uto-no—IIIr-1I-CL Q"\ In I J
WMUUUI FWD 7' >O- Oh ouxdbunonvv- III-I pun—Io ecu—Iv: oa-Iy-chc): tun-Io g"
'I'LQQQ' ll" O ‘> 2'30 ZIPI-JI‘IECJHZIIS'UZ I- CC “:0 Q1'VJWW AVEWIL—I—Ix ”new Auuqb-a In“
Drum/1m an “.ID I” 23-7.“. -oo~4'. cure—I5“? I tam—M I’ .13.; II II n —-\nI)-~uI->II II 2\m| l-" \ I
(L, £11.! up“? an (“.06 v1» CHI." l~¢~1vUQ IIL- tuna-A MIL-mu) aIv-va- on III- II IL“
~DDDD umxw It 2?. pH—AHmVOC nu IAAKUX Dmxtt ouxluutkvxx tu-un U“
>P?¢‘.:’ my: D O '3'- pr~xnll<nlIg~vc¢I now I4 ;' Ink“. —-III.'I m1~III-I.I'.. xII-n n In-
ubvuvl rv‘uIno—j Nets» «Ir-vmxwuroma «(II- o 0 “kn vaca vaoarcuvuaoc A up «IE
JDDDDmDDUIOHv "v.0 um>cuua¢~uxu0¢houlz~bflzoo¢>a? ~uuuczrcux010°x4
a'I-v-I-t- 773I~c ~97 flair-m I."F’I.I7 -IP¢ .4: {SI-JL-J In. 2 ear-g mquLI/Ig- Ir: --_. I I..-
3p>)> 'vN II a, r- c 0.33:) 3—2I-qu "IFS—k1” o o 0 via“ -— ch~ In llWIgllvafV-QUIPOQD‘VD
hr-u-u—u-I >3D-‘V'IAO‘1I-‘HQ‘I II? II I‘. ~~IvIIr->- InIv-r- II! I h. utlru>>~ <7ILI an II lav-'4 art-II )- In»?
M 44 --I- III ~~II1I—r—U‘I>.o—4.p<x vqnosz u. u. Luann-u—nd-I—u‘xt‘u hpIDUUOID<QmID?—(g,wCh—| :—
ugza 4>w4~c~9001»ubxwuntkm2~1Iv~1z7zwmumwmx‘0uuma(mmv>ophovgncpufip
: ~~~ 7—: u r ngc :A~?¢H»COI~HNDv-vyorvuctu unencauuccw quUK uIz
mum‘D4MIuonvnwuh7ouwu4crzu~hbuunuuugumuw~gucuU~ud¢UUD~Z:uuunuCu«o
n-u-o lCr-I WCWII-Oll -‘4I I-I. 3:. d .‘1— .- L‘J‘ L‘L'. >>¢Incm3 b-Iwuqnmc-mnu
c Inn u o o. h c c
' a r, '- gs .- h D u-
I 1' It. 0 Q Q C II’I O
- I
I I
I I
i I
I I
I u
' c I m I m c m I m c n w n g
. n r ‘i Q It I: ‘D In '- v~ IL K. c
- w I e I o o o w « c m w a w
I
I I
I
I
. I
’_._.__’ L... ..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

9.65

.16.18.53

08/! 5177

FT” QoI'IOQBS

 

 

 

 

 

58

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OPP-H VINCE

 

 

 

 

 

 

73/73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SPECYIA

PROGRAM

::r 3: *0. =..- :ar— :: -:-.- A: ::r -- r. r: .16:- eo—IuncrI #—
ev. as? 95: ::_ I: _:v _.~; ::2 ‘22 ""2' :"IN I“ I IN“- u.- a: "-
can 160.0. 1..“ final Ilka! I... Manual; “an: IQQOIHIABI can a
mum): nuww: ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ ‘.‘.‘.‘. u.-. - -.‘.‘. .““ -..‘.‘ --.- ‘ ‘ ‘ Imam In
a I!
I
. i
A IL
h In
— Ir
1 Ir
1 II 0
Z I? A
J .u A
I...‘ lg "
o )-
A A III A Q
~ .- lb .- C
v v 1v U U
1 c II I: r
u U :u u a
3 C IA 1
C ( Iin-I ( O
C C I v ( A
o O M- o o-
A A Ih‘ A U
u- A Inc A x
v v Ira U U
> >- Ibo- )- 8
In I.» w ”w: c!
t- 8 U I: o r o
..I I... U l A U 0
3 7 2 JED-I 2 '4
In 3 D ‘ U 3 U
u A O O D- O I
1* c r A A Irv: A 0
or -- ~ In.- .- 2
6 Ar DI- - u Inn at
7 II MAC 1 2 it: I o I-
. 'aEUItO U u U: u A 7
OI a. f 2 I? o 7 H a
I “I'VJO 0 0 pa. 0 v o-
I- :- finfr-A A .- Iva-I A 2 n
II III: 00:) FA .- In"- a- 2
a ma u-roo one at (Mum ‘-
In a.) at: z 00:“- 2 In “I“;
v- D on» a I- u u a. I;--- u OIbo o
D I‘L—l’ N 06.4 .0 0°01! .1 3A 0“ch
o IVCD to I- uy- o In I- D: o p-o-I «III,»
I 2 b 0 Ali- A n o In 0 A v o ISL.
c ya boo-«- A Jr I-OI-A -I to IN C!-
2 O- 91 U IDIrt-I v on UlrI-I-
-- D O O a O 19 0 ID- a O-IF HIM on:
.- I-O Isl-Ix") ¢ '- OAI: 3 Arm. pun/53
2 In I-IB v- OII-I- I- “ ouIv Inn-v:
.- 8 A 02.“ z I: I! A hr< z _.._m_. I (A
a - a o: I: u I?! I ooI :c: I.‘ a: I L w? an 7
B l: ..IL-In cu p u Ira-In «,3. u rot-A a Z n- a
M; A A 2) occur- A Inu- In A ll. can- a- a A tDu-OII- an AA In: a
x -- o o tin-gam- cA IDL‘ ID In ==_-. _. a a» o n- on". In eIpAJ-I r
O 0 o A I-I «in: u-m- I-I ow N e.- “I", OIuv .- N I0 I: n 0 IN on o
I. ..Icnr-o-o "I; voILIDOInIBc «In I- «at Iu "~4th up. .1: ch IuI— 0 PO 0 Ir ceiP—V- CID—
Isl-JG M o A: -- ou— own: 0 N n N {In . «rt-- pue. I. o In. In I I-rzoIMrut "hum. D are II
2 0 arm .ca trance. omomnccai NVDC' ..Iz-Ibcto {Ircc-c:gm¢c Ju-II-ch-“DN - N_.-.~ II—
o r: - ~Inn DUE-D - L-II I-II Zn. VIIIrIIUILIv o - vu I? van Ir: 0' II 7 I-Iunx
.- n I. UV-AIII-IL‘U cue gut-c :3 ‘:.;% A=ruonu I..:=c elm-J hJuIlcuwIDAOI‘IPuQLJ-b
.- er-I- r-zc.r_:‘.fi : re:— r-zI-Ipzr-I- II-InzIrz—"J; ..rur— >zr-I-o-r-II ZvI-IuI-r-z ::— ran—42$
u re u-IU I wot—Ir .- Ip Au 0:9 2] CAL) vein-u .— u-Iu JI' pug u u" Au 3 v ._ ‘
on In. our «20‘ uncarcxoltx701rzccucurI 7a.“. ItCUIEUICIEOO? yuuuourl acumen-4790
In L‘ i . - «9350-1-19 bacon-u) --—- =I93I a—uaI In) Arc-11.91.; UL’~I~’~ talc
III A! ' 1
o co- .- I~ In I I N In In a II of 0 VI ‘- In
F on N o- I- I .. N N N (N In A In I". A
t mm c c I! l- t c c o o II c I0 '5 N
099
In a In I: an e If c If e In I“ In I. n o
0' I'— I: c- o- N I In I'» C It I- If 4) I. N
In A lb A A A II- F A I~ ”: A h h I- A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l3

.I‘II'ISS 3

”III! $177

FY” .05..‘.

1 "IN".

Sl‘if‘lfll 75/7' 0P1

”RODRAH

59

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Olhcc I'I II A0- I
GIMP" I” II No I
OIPOfl II I on I
nIIm-r I. IrI III! on. I! III In -
Ina-mm I'- 01% I» he Ir III A A
whom III «II I5 cc 0 III 0 o
DID ID o-I
NI-nA in km: IDII ca 0 AI- p (I 0‘
C.ECII’OAI‘AIIc—AIIIOlfahl‘oc nurtures-dun now—I A 7:? N1? Dc N Inn II n 1:
AAA Arr ::ctcoc ACCP'FOU‘U‘ ‘6 9-0”: CII'P'I‘ IIIA u-I- cI- no C en III 0 c
AbAAAAAI-rrr rrr .‘L? #5.- v... a I.“ I. o
KI: I;
OI I
O a
«Ibooquo one «II «III who an no 1~ 0:1..on
amen-«M:- I=I~v~ ‘1‘ M" raw» we re a I-nIrmo
co :IonnIInnoIbuonwonnIIouoI anuIIo cIr-rrqws who u 00 ~m’ am. no In mama:
IrmmpItIcIMm/Imm .Inmv. ~ViIfiI0 mnInItIEInVIIMnI/I I. I.
I. u
5 c c
. o a on n I I3 I50
9 uncIto a .__.._. I_---:=- owl (macho—In uqu—Io
.- n 2m¢I c I! vhz: AA!“ 3‘.." Axfi cA Azania?
... I cInu-othA Ir 7 _- :o—II onl’on uc:= : r ::I:
U I I. I. In. I. I. II. III.
1 ' . a I. U) U lg u :’U
a O C. C?) O I c :0
CI
w. .
V! :
o a 60 0 GI
- I ; ::a — c0¢u¢¢UUAw :A :2 TM- :-: ran
- ; «Mu—come «InArsInrzqu «0082- bI-u-na Eur? u‘oo
v I I nmmchnA one ——= cum—u IIvn“ . -.- arm
.¢ I. I.I. I.I. I. I.
u I u um mu m u
a I 0 00 DC a D
. I
¢ I
. I
a. III
.— : e o-IInquIrIr—ooanw . rogutl‘witcntfOBF-I Inn-n
.. , Il‘I-Iui‘st (\fl. ACAI’WAACIr ch. rAc-I LU‘CO I‘vg'”. mac:
3 ; c r or A0 cIchpccc wrung!) “Orflfl'fidcnqb II'I'
U I ‘- Nb
3 . A III
9 ' I l"
A ' I 6
AI . I 7 r-
w' I c‘
I , I | A A O- C O I) C O
u I x x A c moanomcummm¢m mum a“: 3““HM9; :;;.;mu
7. l I o o ‘ uINO'flCILN’uI uuhl MILILIII’ qu-uuuzruuz LILIIILIIJIIIT
ol I 5 '3 z -13 LIIrI-cw'IA—u kl.“ II II II .. I'm-um. mun-UL—H' - .. ... ....
o- I a I II II - cc I: r uvIrarrarI Irma" Ira arrhcruI CCUIPCB'I.
..I - ..I I a— an s oo-I u w u u
-I ! - , o o x c 0 III I: o
I! l C. A A U I90
31.) l I x 'u- t- 0- cv-
I~_I! i :1 I v v
0‘ t J C C t 70
DA. ' Q L I- D- O "I:
An, : r-I- c < ‘3 i 2
cl I. o F G O DOA 0
cc: - cm .0 r 8 c 0.: v-
.Iz; . gm .- 8 ~ 2 (find In I-
I- I 1 O o C 23 I.) d
--‘I I-“ o u u «m u u
or...I :2 . f: .' It. or :- o
I-I. I“ I o I»- o u c o I. ..I
7.’ 0A< A I-A r1: A A Q It- A a .4
ownzn a. u c a a 04 a u a
rat-a; u-I ‘ on III—I 00 A U) u o I! I. P >l- >-
.I u-I ACI Am.‘ .1 Ir Ina-N» V. 0’ I: I. I (II 1
o , I oo- 9 u .33— I- I: r. II'II' a
Inn: «WAS—«II. II o Iced: I: x crA I. In: x
1 v v 7 y. a II (II ‘
A}- k-F-OF-u I- fiquhAI-I- u: ‘30 <
4» pybvrpaczu fwhrJh c 72A I
U~Ay o-u [fbu- ‘ D II A: 1 2 u v- o
:u «(Icycouu ’nru turn: o c Ibis -’ U u
.Io- trigop—xaparx 2c :- .JU I. u-I-cIII. u III I
. ‘ :1? .. u
a I .1. AI: : I u C. III I. .1 L. .a
A: A run I I It a I I: It; I; J 4 I I IJ 14 ..I.I 4.1.1 4.1 I—IJ—I v.1
. 'r. . I Iv a I.) I. rd II q<I<4¢II<¢<II 14 ‘11 «d II14¢I13¢
: l C K U Pk nu “HHLIK' II n I Inn I U” LJUU Uh- A II II .- .t)‘fl
. I 0..” I.‘ I.) I: I} (ll mucuuaucut an In“. In. Izunzuux
I : I a
‘ I I z
I . u on
I I I H {I
- ' l ..I II KID ..I
. g 3 3 In- II I-IF o .1: u: x I: an» I:
I , , 1 O-I) II: 2: III/3.1 I.I. xu- c I-XC—I x
I I. 2:... I: .3ququ «c I; I. E! u IILdl‘L—a
I I I > o-. II: II cILnucgbxxxI: v.1 4.10. In: museum >
I I ; I 0: gm 54 II ¢II-¢¢ I‘QIIII dd ‘4‘ at II¢¢<II ¢
3 Ir c Ir I: I. .I
A ~ g. I. C G.
.s : s . AI A >4? (N I- F"Dfl'¢4?dflffl" co nun. AA roe too
; I I‘ll nu u - ”Me! 3.9-: cu: .nAe 0.. .1-33. ~—
-. mu 1") I cIrrorIrnnnn run rno mm :ur‘nnnum
‘ I l I 20 CC I OI=cch occ‘I» c-D ca: 90 poooq co
' I u >~ n -‘ ._ u-I-II urn-Ion «A
I
I , .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

08/15/77 o16.18o53 ’IGE

FYI QoGOQSS

OPY:1 TRACE

73/13

SPECTRA

PROGRAM

60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I a A c
Q n~I~ rut D to e ::r:=::-._::x C¢Mwncc
o maID FM? 4? Ira «I o ; :-‘ .r*; r:": ~—
C ("MD ow Ir [run In A A. -.-.== .oIounIpo—IAIIII‘A
' m m n
L 0 O l'l A
'- h In canon» 15th N o In F I.“ we I In 0 one nr-M~orm»av~oInoomIIm¢
o h A InmoIr ram A In a Fun «I» II III .0 mad! -- m-r Arman-AN.“ DIP-fl
04} In 0654! 4!qu A In A r IDA IRA II- V‘ 0 AAA FA.‘I¢.~.IHC\D\DQCOFF‘?I‘J
5 I0 '0 N N
A
a D I3 0 0 Ir
a «Na» h «00? no am am a w~ '=-# u n u u N can whmfl monowc aAe‘mw
A owuo a nnu- tom 2 s: n ma I’m—«r 9 n m 0 man 2; £2: mmmfloonwrn
O NIVOI‘ [3 Olfi¢ \ ANN "A Ito- I. Ir. A; -A I- A I In AAA v-AoI-IONQI‘ O coIpA Ann“)
I. I. ILIL I. r I. n «In '
u u u qu u u
a a 0 I50 0 o
c: : 0 DC: a r» c a CFO
o uuwu F -.u=e- as“ c swuc a «canon n m w 9 «Ac: mcm.na= aha ‘_- e.: c
a zrco N -.=a= onw ncw~7r n we unrrww w 2 r n “arr :: 2:; :¢mnszm0~—m o
C A-nmfl Ir If'IDt-II‘IDI- cum ”n1 out I. P3 -‘-— 1" IF A P I; AAA AACInanIfimooIrcAo-ouu‘u‘h A
u u I. u an. n «a m oI an
m u u Una u u
a a a DC: a a
II: a ILO 0 I5 CHEF In a o
AONNOOOI chum on“ u:-:A>.- h;r: : # — an N I 0 ”fish co; TL: :#- "r: :CF u
eomnnwcn: n .co-IAI- at»! run zorII. nIpochuoccuhe on In II. c autumn In- ““ :Imrupccumca 2
co $3: 3.6% ¢cm _: r; i =.r;: 3*: A" o I & "AAA AAoIoNnVncomOhAunwh A
II. N I. I I. N II 0“,“ R o I.
I; U I I] III I.'
I O I D ID (.2
o D ID a ::ocn: o .n n
coc «no.» .2 -.“.- - on .I r: ::.: -=:I.IID- -1.--. :‘r: ‘ HID In H In Iva-mt: =3.qu nrw: . “.— :.* = :430 I:
not PIA—rm —‘ : —‘ An I ; V .f...‘. ".1":er Imam-Ia 2a In I‘ In «Noun «OAIBNOAI‘mAmI-AocIto-ch c
on. a$~ .- .37. ‘ Inw- Inc-«haw; s.- . ::r AI A In A AA cI-IonInIN‘ImcIlhh-numtr- In
t I. II- I. I.I.I. I. I. n I
u u m w .nuu u
D D ID 0 COD 0
O “IAIN I n
¢C9J e=- dour IO¢V~ r c: sh: :6:- :.--: ‘00- recent or c. 5c: oI I-I: AI cue» .wahInrsoI a NO nohmdw‘ow as
3:: -. own at ; :: m—m-xan‘hco-AA— : A h :Hflhfl’fl‘FOG xx mne>¢h~nconuc
V‘s-GI“ {Ii-.6 NBC @1‘ ID Ild‘lflv- A I AQIV'OOID If- N N A F“ D-t In A I O OF‘IINI' CCIFII CHIHNL‘F‘<J
I. Icnw N 0
u
D
O D O c: C I: In I5
1“ "A 12:” um" m.-.- 9;“: ::1‘.‘ ..:.-.-.< mu" 9." ‘ ‘1‘ es-IVfIthhIflIDUI/Zl... ..‘.~“‘. --':'.¢- ac—Irxbracramzyz. «A m
u7..utuuzuu nub wquhuuuuuuuurul~uuuuuuuccuuzuuuru7uuwuvuucurocc1m=.:>u morau
u—u 'u—L.‘ ‘—-‘..'I_ **qu £3”; fibulub'ulwh MAUI cum ..IIIII-udl.‘ QUIL-‘uu' '-'_.:—' ':_.'-“_I gut-JINAIOIII.’ '¢Ib¢ Cour-N. P Ilka
an: ruuc new .1! Irv umracmroumr ca aux «In. an". ¢I.Ir¢ «ham 5 I u
U u u u w u. k' g r
a a a I: a o c: o
2
o
—
.-
C
u
0
a
u
a
I. t- r > > I >> I» >I.I> > >- > >-
u a c < ¢ «1 II mm: d c < c
o a c I: 8 Iran: I: ¢OIr II. x a I:
z a x Ir I: Inca Ir CZIK x a a a
:3 1 < < < «4. II (DII < 4 ¢ ¢
I O
x r In: III:
III U U I U Int.) I...)
U .1 .J o I» .1 I50 Ibo
a; .IIIIJ —1 AJ 14 ..I..I .I.I .I 44:01.; .IILI J-JJJL‘J J" 4.4.; .I In: .1 u. I...-
rc «In. dI .(d (< d «(I «(DI ( (II ¢<Il<¢AIl dID <<II < II: o—v— III-b
bu uwu u uwu um um um uualu uw UBJUUZT U0 um: u no u 27 M?
a ¢I¢ chxa as an cxIcsaIz cm aarz¢~4 1d am; a no a A“ I
2 o
"' I
c o r h h b I» I! > a
In x I: < xOI wilt- In «a. 2: ID I? In- III I- m-
x 2 ho- z um: (ZI-> o—I: rxirzder It! An» g I. I. I- Ia.)
Ir. AIM “1“... 22 < UW" roan- >ID 1:1Iu24w ::L o) I x .I .J u an
I») (\IN 33.1: UIII I.I. 1w» «uI .I In» quSJJrIB ..IIJ :3 ¢ I. I. I: “II.
3‘ c c. Impact.» 99 UL: uuwoococ CI: .. ‘ ' “ .. . - am. In.“ It It: I 1» «~—
a:
db had FWAAF AA “A n" ~=a r N: h- A wo us“ n as n on IA
A.- In III: «)-mm 00 nu AA! RDPICN no: Ah pcnwm CID «at»; n. in: a ..u I c
an MD!!! flr‘hhn ”N no nNI-Ioo—dn—I run In I r «In nu c FF I: run Ike.
‘9 eIpc «mono ca 90 commence-n DIP c: ea: . ow chII o In In :0 Ibo
,A AI A An (IA AN AN AAI-I Inc-III" AI-o f 2“ Am N I' m N l0.- Inv-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13

3‘35

n6115177 ol‘o“053

FY94 ..660‘3

61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 TRACt

OPT

75/73

 

PFOGRAH SPECIQA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_.-H
. 1
0
1pm.: mm :. :1 *reihc om‘DN—n 5%. co 0— n aquchn .241:
(rsm Na -‘ ‘ ‘- cmNNa rum-coo one or 1».- IL NIM-uncut ‘2;
«who D Nun 6‘-=-‘.== H‘s-'2 .~ nrqDNOh nae can run I» MbNhh .-—‘.=‘.= .
r mos r 4»... .r -- mun—au- an Name-nu «om an: the 1: asthma- ' -:.:
Ir. mug! 5 4H: ommcmurmmmo a nnru-‘nn... ch.— 08‘ 1MB 1 ael‘mnr horti-
:- ane.» q-un nlnnncnsnrwa '- nnmmom rno rr an I'- nuI-Nhh ==: .
o o a o c '
a «new r t h "M n == smoke n oomuco m—r o N an «0 oumuoo o‘r4cumun
.- 1rv~mo m o (I? “(FNnNII-C‘Oo-“DC o mrmr—ao Okra n on. o (be: ~00 allfirnh o *3- -:
F mooo r~ n a- mu (NMVF‘F‘OI‘FNI'HVK v- Numb-noon rune n In In um PI» ant-«hush Q Gino-001m
u. ‘ u. u N
u U U u
o O a o
I: a D
c Juno-r94 0ND ID qun 9. 53¢ each-o c war-(noon cons-no N Nrnnwoo 000mm Nomk‘noo—c N uncoun-
o What-IN: 0": a! re nI—v‘cflom—«I‘m N mc-o1rm¢c ouch-I: on chmncn 1N~N2¢r cflwcnh O Icy-vacuum
\l‘ Quintin-‘5 «r! on our; «(Mnrcqhhmnmr 0 «manhunt» uncut In nncuhnr |'C\'¢~‘F ”CI-FFF Q u- when I,
II n is
't' H u
ONO! n D O O on DD O a
n dbcoumo u<K~udPtm~<r~Dv~:.»..-vr-fir— :1 «1 war rr- ::w. -_---- mumhuurmuuon ocI-nso :_:* .- w:
o 1 {$7170 2 nfdtrowa'fi-‘t: owcw .r In ’ctuna-r«1:«do‘nz—orqun‘N-bzrno77m“ cNucNo 26:51 ”so":
a 1 ecu-ms -4 undbflcn "*5“ ..- -" .n N ~NO'.5:‘.:‘. :71"-.—:‘. .33: ._-'. fl; Incl-Fish u !- ”rum-u-
NtuuL IL u. u n. In. In; an In his
u. u u a u u Um uu U In)
015 C O 0 Ca 0 CO CO C I O
c e o n 4:: a 4: o c a on
ohflflwONq-d chuo‘uLnu: fifiti“ summon O utow—cNO aft ‘1..:: '¢—.* '_‘-‘-_ ====‘: «canth :2; fr: .“1
fio" reroute mhro24 car‘: 3.: :ooaN a h:‘, ::- «outflow-ma :;= ::r MOON“ MQDFa-IO otncnnencbfl
v-‘GF1DC‘OI u‘: ‘JV—v- up," .o—nmm o-I «2&01 0‘1: . . 7‘. r-fiv "21—,“ Oo-n I'- C(thk finely-81
N u u u N IL In M- u. N u. N
u u u l U I; U U
o o o 4 O I o a
o 0 in 0
our rl rum-qr <~r~~r¢v~~wmo h4rcnr~l~¢ “mint «Inseam —--: —:=‘a .-...= -.-v._vc1 cmuwnsrc move L—unc cNoucno‘I-r
Irv-04p \EFO" m-wr Doe—«wag c1 noun“: 7C. 5N clr‘huhtloccunmxltounqnmmcw'onnwu a I .- "'~~Ir On «ammo
"up DJV¢1>¢~ \w—u-{r‘n n1 minim gnu-(Urn wwwnmmcnm-nrnu-nrn .mr . ‘2. (m; c Q ~th 0 anal-m
u 0- UL
u I;
C- l
c c: o c 1 4; o n N
5451.; CFOVt/uv Mrmmkumra‘uxw-nc r-d‘bcwhwmvmum—hemma—wimwuflnmna- “.499. "Ia-.111. .umwvnmrawmmctmocflm
7|. 7 1‘11”.“ ru.‘C uulLu u sure: ~006me Urn H. u \E D—cw‘lxhwcctuuuuumc‘ nun: Out:I»?h.'0lL|-"~D|fan.ILku.—'V‘CVDIL
us)- ICJluh~LJ_B'kkll»“h ubt'nrlrh v-ruPchJIr-uu" Fer-(Juno!rnuuh'wufl' hug-.4.- wruuw—UC ..‘en‘ UMMJWCV‘OU
not 6: Irena! artra'wnv ULUG’ 17' use": tar-'14! «airthqr 31." N c
I” h L H I
o c o D I: a
7
o
n.
>- u
d
U ‘
c
.1
u
a
>>I> > >1»
’ «‘4: d (a
star 8 «Ir
«at: a at:
i «<4! 1 «a
an ca: 1: xxtrzczx a: an: int «aroma scan a 4k 1|: a x a
5;“ L1 1-..“- ..s .15: nu.’ uuuuu.‘ uuuu. uuw an no u u
u¢v 3g E mcmuuc o 00 «Do cocwa aoow c4¢ 1b a u a
Qt... u up; .11»! mumuua u an. mt.) muk'h‘m wuuw gnu .I In Udud U
>r—r— I-v- «u- r-v-n-r—pv— '- r—r— Iv-r- v-t-r-hu- r-t-b—I» t-Dh 4 I- hit-1| .-
»32 fr a! :7 2V? 7 r I? 2723? 222" 203 u u zuz; ?
tut-n run an .— o-n—o o-o un-n III—o taut-uh— F0- : FD" ‘ II- uncut-L H
I I
I: | +
v. : g
l I >-
0 cr. mod: .4 .Jo 4 I» a
u ' wfl am? 1 mu: 0- 1B I» d
.J: .v- t-I xenn— 2 t ac—«h «am (can c a rd I
«m. -.I 2; crumb—m < u. «.1 4.1400: can: <40 0 I! a 04:: u
gnu T» Hm >~m~>a % fix my xxxux xurd 44d 4 a All“ I
can c: I: n rmcm a ho mm neon-w mowr mm- m m snudL a
..-. in) NI C ).-.. a; n n... INF “Phi-a meow uncu- .- n v'n-n u
«on N \ NM‘uNIfiN N nu «N ndeu-n nnnu h-«D h 1» now V:
dc r; <- cb‘ cadres; a CH. 1 0 069156 0:01; cow 9 4: 9.0— c:
>c-1—1 Fl o-u-i - .: .fi v-O an o-u-a «nu—«ru- dun-«- New“ on d- a N on
I
I LV——-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

08/15/77 olGolB-SB

62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FTN 0.60033

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0PY=l [RACE
RELOCIYION

73/73

1199'

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROGRAM SPCCIHA
SN

HIS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

n n or — ... c 0 «mar. N :r scum. n .. 00 n
N O «as If a o In CIHID h b (an-1PM an as .4“. n
.- N FF «I h In N can .- 0 uwnnm In In sq: N
can I»- .- nm N pm 0 m m n .0155 n .n ._.-..= .— r m «- IhIf‘ no
man In N h rm In on. In a‘ n N a‘l’tfi m h nun-rum! q- n .- qpvs mqh (
Cu {- c- N has .- o~ N Ir \D a cum- .- .— {ransom-In '- 0 Il‘ out an? 0
GO ID 0 O O o D ID O
n. um I}! o o u we 0 U c NIM NNo In I-w 0&0 u o o he-Lx- "1:5: It wow: 00 u
v~ 27 o- v- 7 at o r c— mun NNG’ 0 IF? coo- z m NI'Iovo-d to»? c: «with In: 7
3‘ nt— In I- N .- ank '- .- fb OOIVCANM N m... .05 '- c-I '4 uuwuron— c '- I-ID ("5 ~
uh.lL k h u u u u u IL u
um 't‘ In In In I. U u U I: I.
no . a c: o C o a c I a
C D oo o O 0 CD
9 kn it on u I. o— .- oqroocs Nmur-coas-a 1 o non—om ¢ -- w : “mam new“ muwo «:1» c
F CI: «7 the to O own-re 02711rr~ILN I w cI-oco \r ’Inzc—IIP‘hec Nsz- 7’Iruo FI’ b
r. cr- IL ~0— ~~c nus .- oo-HN» “hadron—UNI“- IN «moon; .I ~-.—.-.- ems rum-«.- nun»: I'm? \C
In. I; I; I; Is I; h.
u u an I. u H mm
o o on o c 0 Cat
0 o a o 5 1:: on I: It
h 92:.— s~c~t120u¢= hh-n c nucunm I40 an. II 0 Fl F :1 man N 3%: o . u: -‘ .‘cuhcrcayg I.
In 1 cooranm ht: v-co: u- mire—o 2hhirccr~1ur n n :1 '40—- .t‘ bacon-Lust» ~77": sunny-ems: .0
Ir. mnc=n e. r. : urn c tun—Nb uno: : van-N «IroNN .- a‘ .=;.-. ; - : :IP.“ man-ea N
IL N IL IA IL IL ILII. I I»
U w U lg w bu I h
0 ID I: I 4.- co IF ID
o on «b o o 4: a a m o o n
“2""— umc uhr wco on (swoon nacooumqgc u be (thermos «or Mouodmruw . :.-"ua~¢:IM~mc¢- n
. 0N24b27N rfito 70m 0 Imps—o comrmrm In 2 *n otrcoo u.- ::-.-:: .‘crnarmnu rrmNI-un?~no N
-|-o¢ 33.3. nub .4 ..hflNF 9.10ch o-u—o-«L-u-a .01?“ now—In nwninu‘flu‘v €—.‘ 79.39.. L—unschu—uth O
L IL nu 1L IL Is IL |L I; L I; I; N
H mm M u U I u U i u u
o on D o o 4 o o S o a
O :3 l‘:
_' " 9:: Omar Ivor c-Ncirran morlIlocrunc~Iucar»IL~o—r.4r¢u~qrIn.“ irr—choch-I’m’c ad a chIUNu‘CI
no—olkcc N4n~¢m n In “announce-01¢“!ram-nmcntrnc auc3~1 m: ~0Nc1xc~v~~¢~nncdwuzurmo-C—oc «#4
Lo NI’J’ how-rune. t o. roan—‘1 o—«qm-Ikcdl u-hv-qp—«NI o «no u u- 9-,... omr “V .c c came U'U‘o- h Uh:
Is In. In
In I;
C 0
ID a m o n a
1.1.1: MILWVICCWWDWMUFLJWUWIerhV‘KIpU.WWIVIV‘~DI/: VummwumI-ccmwm‘lv-Ihrtmm 509'; 3.2;?! “canon/Incl“ J
LuuulLuquLquu u I“; Pntuuuu Jiruuuuu u u. urn" u7utwm~uiru can 9 In. L-Ju BILILI. kILu u u ILu o a (La
Luna: lungs.“ uuu‘ MUUI‘h—Ulpk‘b'¢"b‘umvI-JV‘IHIVIMP‘LIJIL‘IHP‘EMI l.’ FU"k.NuflL'OUUI wk .. 'I -- .. -- L‘L'Uluun‘ UH-x'
rear aamrcrn rudiururuaa Lcarcronr c uuvtrn u or a ¢r any «a adrararorqyo «cure or
b I» L! In DJ U
D o D o c b
g .
i
I
l
' I
t- > > > > t»- 9-, >-
d d d a I a a II, 1
a a a a l .r ; a. 1
x or a .z| ; tr £9 a | c
C < Q g‘ u C 1' 1
' t
I
l
a CIK¢¢¢1r¢xxukx¢¢ can: «1:23:11 «111:: a: I: aérxza: 11’: xi xx 11h“: '
u u u‘hl - u n -- 4.4.; uuungdu ..Juuw... u, w mung-.14 u»...- ‘4 I“... “4141...: I
o oaooooaaombcu cuss: ocuIan: uocI’u u: c cwoc¢ cm; a $30 when ~
In I. h’udI-J‘LJI II. HQUM. I..L.IL. uhuuu LI.» LII-5h a I...) Ll mun”. I." In: I. L)“ ..u- um ..II. 4 4.1.! .J .J .1
’- O-lI-O-D-O—IL-ft-O-‘I-D-Pb- bbb- t—D—F—li-v—P U-D-O-Fb- ’- .- II-r-O-I- .- F- F'— t-h- hI-hv-d («10“ d: C
2 ? 222P22’v’r72? J7? ’724i'71' 1771?! 7 7 21??37 7 P 7 22 71??!5‘ 'ugh- In kl U
'— tun-Ig- —_~I-‘H~ n-u-u-I-n—o .— —- D-Iln—IO-C- I- c— .— u-n-n mu—ho. 1.1. ‘ It a u
o o
1- u.) x x I- m I- .r | >I- uur I- >
t- r u: L u a I! .1: m x 2 z a- n. I.- ~I> L‘ J ¢
¢ U? U m uwm O dud“: dun V ¢ 1 n mg? ~¢u . J“ xn> a <
I 1.02 t a»: J : IIuhaa {1‘ < u x a -0: x a zm «he» 1 u, -
u u ~~IL «VIVID—N cuu UUDID‘II. ‘11Iilc a a agave”: not.» Dl-nNuiLDC a. u u
t .tllrtl’rll? 2"? P721??? 2721; 7 2 7 72:“ 2 ( 21'72’QLCwI/1 'J'I If. If.
N‘nN—ndh—nrtrNrn os—o ~0N¢na~ melmpm h I: oI-acwh In w — - cm. a ... .-
_ CONF JFH'HN-N~0 t. a. Can“. 0 o (On... on C 444...-.— - :. I-‘u-a-amm.r-.~ u-I . o-o
:1 .-‘::.,-NI\M NNN NNIr NNNIMNN Nnrw N N NIVNNN In e. 5! firm-3 ON N - n
c DOCOIDC ooboco oo— OOCID¢ : L::: c c cancer .- uqapooqpcc¢ c N I
.: :‘. f u-u-IN nation-In aunt-qua «I u «II-Inna I0 :“ .1- - '0' (k

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

‘13 ”0610 6|

4“

 

A-flMZL

r

 

ABRIY

RVAL

srntno

3;.f3~—sc¢so-———tttt-

l"
I
i

03/15/77 .16.1!.5!

77" 0.6903‘

7§/7.‘. 0.97:1 YRACL
“CLOCIYION

SPECI"!
TYPE

onoqann
su

VIRIIPLES

63

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

62¢

.99

 

 

096

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I
o o no N nchDOQO
~ '- NN u unaIpNun
» N on» o duMbh-hh
a an I» o In n I!- am .- .II II- uuNIhnms N
In MN Ir- m I»- m In an a c IL mDmIKNIfiI‘ o
\0 OF II a In N In «no 0 0 Ir nuNIbssh «I
n a Ir. L a o
In uDNIha‘t rm 1 \D m- In h» u u i com home on o
z ’I'OI-NO c - In In!!! N cc 8 a! u can V‘NII".C‘ a n
u- ~00 D—I" N n h 150 v0 ~0— u- - I u o-u-Ithh In I.
I; II. III ‘ I; II. ~
H In U In
c I: a a
C: D '3 o m 9
«us- van-019mm mo or a moon Nun-no cm In sncILo—In e In
or sh¢4r7~ PO 0 o mum-h o? hoax em I nut-m our» Ir 0
am- hc¢1~~~ m- o- h 1900”! .m- but. 0 I on dHNI-h'bh o r
u I- II. It In I;
I.» F: u u
C I O O
o a a nu
-:-_ :-‘:. aucmo a no Ibouo OOILIUB ~==-_' - : onnIbNo-n N N
OC-IIFU‘FFI In:— ::— n u-«n "10179 Milan “~02"an NDCI'Ia-Ch n o
ww—«oh;_- .- : \D-nON -pIm-~ «BI-Ho «Inca-- ear. numbhhh o I‘I
It Is I I. cu.
I» .u U 1 u u
r c o o c
D I: Inc: a I: J
Inn- tr: #0 at an I CHIC a- v :“ --_. ‘ '12:- - c-NuIDIrIcm n c
on: ::a .:=‘.2 one 2— I NnN No rec-u: = :1 ::car Nnooecc '- N
I.“\I'.V- “unto-Graham nun-0— I an» whlbthIH—I _‘ “ : I‘F‘M5FFP O O
I. II- It Is ILII. Is I
g U U U I U u I
O O a I O O I
In a Q
r mcIkstonIrhnn'x-mu-f. oc- re: run-4 OAIFIi-wu' curing-at can! c—s h 6 «c
hut—I ~6whmc 2c -.- I: New! “III on want-I a \m to.- Ncchoc r. c 0
It». I In “.qu hIfl o qucsn no '- cou IL u-I Hanan ~~NIN~~F c In nr
N IL
5;
c
In
:1
.0
c: a o I: no a I!
umm-nmwwnImeMNmnm-fl - -_---I- N we .m‘fi‘é 449:" -_-.M‘ «coo-Nuns I. .- "‘- : ~L
rquLu It?” But LILFII. Lu urlLa-uu I'kucwuuuhuuuu rum“ urooorm If. noon-.0 N o
t-uul- "..:‘._‘ ”‘44; up“ -_.I_I-- ‘—‘_'-' "UFIFUUQI I...I " I -:‘_' v-u-M’Thhh o n ma: v-o v-
uoIrI ucnur «are wrarumucruuz It'd I cchFucrr IL
in. U u. a In.- u In In
c o o I: Inc a II 3
In :-
u I: u
mm 9 a .
Old" *v-acw- zromou I J: arc
«>0 ucnwp uoan-n III a:- x: -
unwrhhs con I~NN I.-.' a.“
an: In I a.
'1 II. I
U I
8
r > 222:? I.
I: x u-o - z
¢ < «cc I U-
| x c bD-D-h ..h- :- A-..
> >0- : ,. p > > f» >- In a: 222:? NIuNnm

a 4‘ I a C t C Id C c-I — hon—II- u.

:2 In: I I! a I: .r in! «r ..I .J u

.1 tr: . I: a z c tor a In I o

n «< : I< ( u: d I¢ < oo—I In- A‘::

I I! I:
l c II
I: K x c J
u u U u u u If
.3 o u u a. -l I I
4.14.144 .14.".- Jp‘dh' u .Iu 4.1 1.044 A :4 4.4.: c: > ..I .I ”4.:
«¢In¢( <41.- .. --u- II (>- «4 Inc l‘dd I: ‘(I e I-I- o— :1: ( IL<<¢
kUuUU HM z urn. l 5.2 um quu I mulch: um: I ll; OIL. I.) uuul
‘unna a.“ c- z-ao- I c— In: Inc: I‘Ixqur In“ Isa. cm I: ccxlr : ::i-
In InuILIsuILI
:E ..I
1 I.‘

I-I- I; o-Iz o r.- » o-o um. I- z n m
Is‘l‘u , In-O- I I: no I: III!) uu .- v—I Ind: a I» IL on- ¢
uoI-tm I-cu Hip: I um I: I-I- hm I> 2° DI mu. «1 co- I x21: .1
cuwou ca .1 Conan: It In. I-v-a Ira I o-al (cal-nu an or w
~~<~- a: & no—o—¢ I hot-- or if?‘ II< I xInl u: D¢< In: to Damm- '-
vwmcw , mmmn rm.- I- O-t- I-D 33> .r>->I >M =>~I:I—I- :ucimm ILCC‘IE roan r:

u
L , z z I. a
Ina-I Ito-I can: S: In «an on and DnOC‘I-I '"L when a :I a: ..a‘
I'm-7| «a “v i In“ ID co ON «an a I.» I one-u u 4r 0 a II PL
n—Ihho N n In In NI: nN men rcosm nNIn .1 I: c r- ja q- rrr.
coI‘Nn cor- at 1:: co an I In: (Decca: «:01: I: III N x I r—; ;;;
«'0‘ Nn sun—1n no In an u-IN Land I-o-un 1H o-u-IIH In. U ‘~ M

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

08/15/77 .16oigo53

FT“ 0.60035

 

 

 

 

77-7“.-

 

 

 

64

 

 

.“ AA

-A-

YJW

WTV

 

 

 

 

021:1 vane:

73/13

PROGRAM SPLCYRA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I3 I:
In m
w in It Ir \C
r g o 0 I.»
Ip I h I Ir
or. MN I c It Inc I? Ir I» a. In It: «Inh- Int.» mu 4 I"
In om - c - Iwn I 04 1"! II. 3 ID win: In u-InIx u
61‘ My. r- n r. ms 0- Ir: I? c In In minor. by. um I; an
In
u
u
2
..I
I! ID a
u—othN InOIbu‘xe‘. #:c an: Ibvor‘ $-91 ermumh KJ‘NVNCAFKU‘U- fir cxIvr-o IF—‘II cao ’N-tcflcanduce
bdrm: a-I-II Ncr ~.-.-- on own hth asthma): 2“. :2 . : N'- chrIMpo mm. arra- -..-'.e .7. 4:" Ibo-
uNN In :‘ fi:: >—““ 9-4! Ithhl‘FNNIuNNM5WC‘.‘ nnamnn; . . etc-Put I.;‘.:. -2: .1:-: #3:.- -.'r. Inc
I...
z
OI!
40:. .s—- FOI.’ butch ILIr= fir: :quhnNCI n1~n4rar~c~ DIro-IITIPCNFOI co: :; no! a “Wham—OLD asun3-uI-¢
oInOI::-- -“* *‘c‘ .omwcocdoorr 3r.- mchbc -“ ‘1’. :hmI mom cm whom—c9 -=:m .JfiU-ch
uNNu-ncr‘ fir.— .- th-n mm ‘NNM. .' T. .r.*.*. .. .—. ".3: .ecos rocI In» Inncurmn NimrvIfiI. 0:: mm
U I
C
U u UH Iu U I..- «I
> > > t > > > >
no :- I-O on u-o .-
u- .- um- I- I- O- i r-
u I.) saw u u u i u
a «II «I: «I a: 4 III
2 z 21? , 7 2 I
II. .0 r! 0- .- ~ ~
v-p- ~0- D-t-HV-D-
It! It (It! I
In ILILILIL than In.
.J
u
a
‘ I
..l .
IbcodunsaIIc—M? fidW-ODNI swam etc Don't ~¢Ifilln on: nomul’- :. “=9: ’e‘CIb-I
#9251: 5.: :1:— =-‘:.- .ea: = :oIInnmhmnwpII-cm ::c 7?? «sanctum: V fi-‘ "3.; .'.:_ ::- fl
a¢;;.:rr rfi-r raqumc fir AF: w. '# ‘ - ..fi ' - - ‘ :. - .r. . .. n In
I»
I
Ince- .; o r .-‘ -.= r-..- -‘.-_: :_. :- : -: ._.- : : :‘."—‘OI~ ~.alm:= -.-= :onocccwpo
«N on“. aacc. an .e; :3 t .00“ to cm... .1 P-.. .— Iu‘. In «Ont-d ..qum-¢.n.t~ In
chv- HF. onlnth so r: :3 h ass I: owe : :-" In I on IR sac-«um ::r 4.1: h
v-oo our 3 ; _ In Ital-«TN o .0: In “an mlnmmnlh Ir ml? I InnI‘Ihn rrmmovmnm In

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17

(9
C

olfiolfi.53

fifl/l‘l17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FYV lo60i‘3

l TRACE

0P1

7!’73

PROBRIH SPECIRI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C:
0
ID
i
l . 4
C
a
’5
b
If
r
N o m b x B
s N a u a u
¢ 5 s I u N
II
n
I‘. I: cum: N c Inc I" fins-III; ~3ch 7* 0 ID
— :9 00¢ N c I')-- Q on“) r01". .1 u c
w r omw h 5 up 5 «Nu may a N a
u
w
U
y
u
x u
uanI—ammnoh we : fl‘cemIovw :firpxfic‘339‘3flmt NO“ :-1 :n—ho : ::: ::‘ w hum
Lo—uII-urJ‘rIf-uc: :1:— 50: .V :3... -.—.r—‘. «CPI «um'cocI noIEmncItn-nh-IuchrazIo — .-.‘-.‘ me: “a 000
Ugfi; rrr rss h9m4¢:: 55f.hhhhhhf >9: -~~ mm- ornmnnJKnnmrmnIn a r 2 ;.‘ n 00¢
a
E.
—
4h-h‘gnméwnh39—OIVOFmerEurc¢000¢o¢¢60umoncmwuc¢bnr“. :: n¢h¢o¢mhwno “: 2:“
cuu nmnirmcpmccpmchhunNLomofn¢crome rafi.r%c.era.=rr ::r ::r.:*- :5 n=- ‘-~ :
max.“ Ir- hpnwooILb v-s- Is v~~v~ r- NNNI; N NomIfiImn Inn-"I 4m." c-o-I PFC-t Inc—I "one: In
H
c .
j u u u
> > >
~ — OI.
I P- p .-
u u u
1 c <
r r z
b- O- .-
v-t-t- r-rk v- v-v-Ir— r- '— I> PO- I? .- I—I- '- 9- Ir
:1: x: 1 xx! x t m t: w l I? t t u
5 tan um u gun a L u an I u a; u u I
u
m I
i .
-' I I
Nncwu—thcz-cc--;<:.:awluo: a::.«h¢ 9— 10¢ afig ¢:s r:‘ :. :a¢>:; 1:: a: a
hum—mnnnnnmep :- " -.I ..u.- 2a“-.n .::Iocnnnmmnnr :r.rrr >== --- ::mba
ZnGnmnnnmnnflhm00?0¢¢00000¢OCRCOOIQCQGCOCFOOOIQCCHCCOOCOCGCCOOOCQOCQCWCQCOCQ¢0m
u
a
mgumLNn— nNnhcc= >5 a-* -: ‘;- nNa fifih ~- -4- *;: :a n: nee: r-: ::: :_* _
D- h... (.15. ...I~..i.«.~r.cmc-- :fi.‘ IVI'I'IIHHIh lsuh‘ Lotti-um!) II ID!- 56-". eé‘n- 9; 0“ GI N VD I9 UILO
. s: cc no- -:_ : ; ucflk“‘ :fie c—ounmmmNN w a: ::r :9b~h Nu own N N uN
h ow sshstr ::r a:: 9;: :r- :5; are eccuhs h onvmmhInnnmr sh cwt N h 0-0
w
I
i

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

66

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18

08/13/77 .16olflo53 FASE

FYI Oo60§33

171

102

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

097:1 YRRCE
REFERFNCES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

73/73

SPECIQI
F”!
F"? -h----
INIC I I it

PIOGRIH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

 

 

I02
ms

 

 

 

 

 

'Ii
MIDI!
'II

I!!!” L‘lfllLS

 

 

 

 

'rfum

hhllll
I mm

 

sum

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a II a C
L I» I» I...
I r I! z r
2 I? 2 2
I H II CI. in
I- II- » o-
0 ID 0 O
z I! 2 z
8 1r II a:
I.) In «M» In InInI'm a In I: ..I In
a I; ’ In. uI I. Inna 1? u. I I II.
o I a nu uI» Iu Imuuu r u I? r I»
N Ir- '- Irc UII Ir ¢¢Ir¢ In x u » I:
.- I-o- I-I-' I- I-HL» II- I- I» p- I-
O in! In: u xx“: 1? x 1; a II:
w 2 -I_' am ‘I— hunt. I. z I
u
H
F a c m pk» h h up» h up up 2:: FF? #%P p h h
I: N F Il‘ KILA 1 a can. u. an. an oaaImanILnun. a a a
v- N c I- I‘M-c O c cco c co cc at: (Ct-I (DC a r c
c
c
A
abacus-n04 owns a
1: :0: :c: IIDQKC‘IL‘SG: "“ -.- -'-- -catI artIxaacItcmmdmcxcra.
3;- --v -‘ r.- :— .-t-:. :4... 3‘0“"th rs: .efia ..r:.. fichB-nsmoun-mwc
o u «No-om 'l": N—«IN IN '- unIL. I» N m
2 o
I.»
.1
:ficINuN- "**,: r*r .tr.*. ._..7 mm:- =:.-.: .3u‘onIronprcnhIL-mc:¢~c Inc-III—I
.r‘. or :-..- o chNocI «Mt: :r=.-.e: ..‘r: ::0 ea: :-.--.- a...---.. 00000
=6: 7". :. r. 7 -‘# 2‘-“ “ " “we 3'11..ch damn «fin-In no
t .-:,.‘. :c--._.-. mun:- ...-.-- ~¢U~Iroccln~cn .ar: cImrIDc‘
oIthoI'nna - “ra-vnocu'zmhac Later-mac; ‘. 2*. Inc-VII church
3 h . NNnIINNN -c.ne;ubnnnanco04roomu Inn. I .n
I.
x
u
a
II- '- 1»- 9- Ir- 2 0
II. 8 I. t I * fi fi 2, ‘a—I'D‘i'Jt-xI-x—H 523’: 77‘. :~')Ih--
III. In. I» II. II.
c I. «I II 0.11. I o I a I
.J
m
‘ as ::neinchalr-o a) COIN-Gov! QN Inca p.105?" -'~ “‘ a: when-0010..- D
on..- ==.-_- ::9 ~- «I ass aac- habit-no Ina-A. "new n--- e;-- comq 0‘0“. u—
::r ::CIEOKOIC .IIDthI cc overdo :4-* a: 1‘. :- :1: Inc. n
r::—- :r :— 5" a. 6%v 6-‘ *r. ::r . : “2:: *r- -.:. -.....- .-...... :.
ncnplautfl. :5 P aIM0:IInIrI~(\.‘. :..-‘:.‘- *o— «um-4". I-V-‘r. 1'1.- a").I~difl~If-‘.-Hl‘nfl
MO: :‘- urn 1;! -I\~ rm 退 ::: rrr. fa: —‘# Inn-r 0.1: :‘5.
roofluohoq chars SIIQQOIIQQCIIQOOI ccooochrc- '- -rIr-I.‘. rm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

67

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

«man r¢c~v x»02m4 gunman
comN— Immnun theta; t¢¢cczn
moppmupgpw
scat \ \
Ipcrba MIUCJN znxtou
m: .u p w» {a E I”: llblhl.|-.pbb: -bhww.
mama hum arm 155 cs» u 0 Nb comw
uuwv hxu mun NaN '0» n o :wN N.rm
make but nor cow has n a . tn uuow
I!xII:I:|||I!III!|I-llllhtwtikthllllliltzlll13lfivllfllzknh on» I I iIIlePIi:Itfl¢z-¢mrfiII|4
make hum we“ ecu och 1 c came
pao mm «o; ~c¢ a "do ~.~w _
zuvzu ~07 mum: bxu :Nu. nmc «n¢ ~ o e~c o~ow .
f4: rm «km m"? -| b- Ivlhcb {ZEYIIL
ha: a: cN¢ ¢u¢ a bun Paco
dun sue «I; _ o cum cxsr
he: an hao ¢I¢ — Nan m.su
mu-aan2¢1 rhwrua anaaxu :uoz— Juu<4 whoa;
rmor—owno ssxv—xo. nncocoo rpm 39.x» nnpac rsx-N (zpuuam t<a¢0¢o

 

 

 

 

 

68

..I.Il.oiI.II,, .II .1 I11 II. I I! 1 II

r“.~‘
I
I
I
I
I
i
1
I
l
I
I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;,-i: . -I.I,I,.I 2- pe-O :r—eua I—wr;4 £03109 xt¢aa &u
..L .5.» 2:73 $11.3...
wuppnppcpm
3.. III . I II- . I - -I- -. I- I I I! 4,.. .1 I 90—: \ \
m :hvrua mxunaa zoxtou
, So a Z c. x m n.
F III. 2.1: -. I I.-. III: :. --- .- -. i- 11.1;— r}- . .1; :1, _~ 1 .o ., S.
7.: .2 2 g . . _ NI.
mhponAIa; rp¢rua o»o:oau ungcu an..4 u.ooa
.II I- --!III|- I I? I ..-!-II- -.---.I ..I..!.. 1‘ . - ..fi . r ..v .
5— ha I. c
i ~— . m
«uu3ux_uuw gr_4 nae maumca hzutupchm
.k nw~.—KUO r flhhfl 0008 YWWWPP» .. t
c a Om nuuo r— wuwm oaou «10.».— «a c
(N CUrhth
«m _. t- IIIII+....|llII|».|.III-.-: II |I;!--.-.\I\ its... I 4:4... «:9..- I? -. -
fl 2 55.3: 2 3m” «.32? 5. E.
_ r— any—ma: ~— 4. wuyw ¢m0u»r~ : N.
_I S 2 32.2 .: 2 3:. 1.3:: a f
IllllllllI|f&llllll||¢&lllllllbUt+tuOirIIONLIIIIEiIO«lellli Nan-..lltla*llllil- Vth..III| . . a I I- tutu»wu N C. .
nu cu’—uu LN mmuw JqLJ can «a
a
su Nu ouv—uuc snow r— r I vuuu \ ~ >axu¢ ng. an ego;—
IIIIIIIIIIEII --IIIIIIII ...1. iii: .. -9--. -Ii .-I- I -.. I. .. 11:12.! i . ., 4 53.7.3. . . .1: rr n55...»
u. c . apocam m
muu:wauu.u Az_d uua whr~on >¢bru
:3. as. .3. 3.3.... 34.3.};
n...m am :7. .
f... ..m 3.3.... _
73 av use—5...... a h
war «to. -I. 11 -! 95-..??? , . .I--I.--!;I . 39:22:36: - . ., . i «w
on. on ..r.a.....a...c.w-..c.o...n.;<..u.~ ..n.a..a...uc~.
c—m om .5odpenauam.o«
Nuc cw acx~aa u oxen. n
mph. .Anr III: IIII ..F.b.tlu-¢VI-1I I. -, .
,1... an e; u x m on m. _
qua an n o a n 5
who am «You H n m on _
.III «E Lfl-ili I. .usL.r-nvu2.c. a - I . .
uua on u I u u 5
g_¢ om tom u _ F so u—
»: am n I .z .u. S.
II- -ll--l|ll!-s!‘||azlul {it} - :1 l..lII;!l!-I--| .31-}. ; I. c «c g. I I I I .- -- - IE. I -
3w cm .2..:?. ”2:3
woe am .rvnao.ccuc.<Ȣo:.rc~mzar~o
eon am .uaoze thocrm Lauraccxam m
rpm IIIW -III .IIII:.I-IE, .II.I..1I-.II --IHII-.-: . III; --I b
5.. am 3.67.13» ...I.I::4..>. ..u .52: 4,: u
mg" on qp4: Adghuuov rpucrm O» u2~paoxmam w p
c Aw

— mu¢n rror—oc—o hh\rw\¢u arcowoo ?hu acccp unpao mh\mh ruoztm u2—»DC¢¢3w

69

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III mun“ mumwdewau¢qu
wu—pw—nqpv
up—xu hgo n¢ «N c~ a c —N :9
mlhu hnw flu“ a“ w« -$ I mm
5...: t... at: mu“; :3 c2 1 a ~ . 1 n .
muuhcuacca theta; Ohotocu .55:— Juan; mace; _
«u III-I III-«.1.
on no .n c
an a— c« an
on a» +tLIII c— -w
“I 1 IIII ..II
c ¢ ~15 w aw“. _
muuruxuuum k2.4 uuo m4..m‘4 paw: up¢pm _
«w -IlI-Iit... TIIuQrp-TII tvctI-III-IIIL
wwu.uwuuu¢ yr”; mus mcwq un>h ate—>973; .7—42—
m— ; day: may
I I fit! I 9.1:- 3&9; I .IIIII-mufitt-‘RIJ
2 . 32.. :1 {.2 I.
use: vuscz u4~ .
c w cm:~uuc .a.u zuuupvm ass; a
h— h . auzpuao on.“ zucmhzu can? a
N“ n— r. u nur— m: - .n may: anon xdwupzu 74:92 c
“II Iwwfluumh h“ Ia .ttutlllillilllplI IIIIII-.I IIchtir I!IIIIIIIP.-0~? :II-
cw ouruuuo «momprn o 4 awn _
n— owrnuuo an mug: zgcm>zp x can .
cu ouzuuuo gn may: cucnpru 1 “a" _
¢m w mWWmLmfi- an I muwk o0.» #hrtc I chuprw- Ilkr;¢a- c-:}I-IL
a cunt”: . 3:. 9.3:. p r:
ro_~¢UCJu¢ garb 7m muam<nc¢>
IIIIIIII -II T: . a wit- I. £51 . ; - -
-muutuuaqu at“; gun a»: on >xhru
.nua. 1‘: quruvuu_¢ 9—.4ca.x>m
«I odmau bra Kn
lid? IIIIécwou.I IIIiIIIIllI-II.l-IIIIIIIILI.iIISIIIEIBII fi.:- 8 IIIIrtzput M III-I II II?. I II:
on O¢u¢u max—urea a
nu ccmcu nlxtxururtxu:
no ocmnu - r» ocno.au...n.xVaz. az<..2«1u:.«».a~..u~ v
4.3-- $.me IIIII IIIlI-IIIIIII-IIIIIIIIII!I-I -I--|I,.-. Iothuflz to. -II I I:- ..u
cm c-wau :Ir¢;ur IN
n. ccmcu raspga
a" mcmcu an r 47
-IIII-I-IILm - grid - - - - - II IIIIII tivrlt I953; 553..» r... be». I u
q? ocur nnquuz on
r" n4wuu u:r~»2ou '—
o— ncmuu I nuo:ux
IIII-lII- i or} I BJrIbiI-I I -II I III-- -I- II I - I --c~-.pr..cn8.¥.-C=c255act:
N. n¢uru -~cm.rcthu 9
—p o¢m¢u A.«ouuv.afiozecp¢o—v.mov.a<ua cw
.I; Odwau ai—u:
I,-IIII:III-. I -II- .II.--I.I ... I --bficu - II -II-I - I 3.2.2. 7 ~ 1 2 II - .
a ocmau .ucuuv
+ ocuru .cuoxnm.—¢rxc. e
c acuzu map“ InI¢.u)o.—»:az_4mvwogu an c I
II... II- 3km .- II -I II-..-- .I-IIII- J -- . .. . .55.... 293:. - -
c ndmeu cnqu w4»~» vcvu an“? 3‘»: u
n Ocuau aucuc.¢r<nu xgoupru
c ocuau azuur. ..Dmroruru ;..«»a _.ncguu wanhaaxIam p
a Luca anocuowno wpxrnxxp .ncowoo :pk auda— «n»cr phx.» n¢huu ui—pao¢¢am

 

 

 

APPENDIX C

A DESCRIPTION AND LISTING OF THE PROGRAM SPECTRA

by Philip A. Baedecker

70

The program SPECTRA is a program for the analysis
of gamma-ray spectra. The program searches out photopeaks,
calculates the area under the photopeak, determines the.
centroid of the photopeak, and, when spectra of gamma-ray
standards are included on the input tape, determines the
energies of the photOpeaks. In an activation analysis
experiment, the program will calculate concentrations of
the elements to be determined.

The basic program analyzes a spectrum in the
following way. The spectral data are read into the com-
puter from magnetic tape, and the data can then be smoothed.
by a five point convolution technique, using the method

of Savitsky and Golay (Anal. Chem. 36, 1627 (1964)). This

 

smoothing operation may be bypassed however, since, for
very narrow peaks, the smoothing operation may cause the
spectrum to undershoot the baseline on either side of the

peak.

 

 

 

\ _—\

 

 

 

71

72

In general, for 1024 channel Ge(Li) spectra, it is best to
avoid smoothing; for 4096 spectra smoothing is often
desirable to help eliminate fluctuations that might be
recognized as peaks by the program.

After smoothing the program uses a five-point
convolution technique to determine the first derivative
at each channel. The program then locates possible peaks
by determining where the first derivative changes sign
from positive to negative. The program, having located a
possible peak, determines the minimum on each side of the
peak as the peak limits. Since there is some danger that
the right boundary may be too far out, the routine tests
the first derivative of each channel on the right hand
side of the peak against the first tangent with a negative
slope on the left. If the left hand tangent has a slope
X, the program locates the first channel on the right with
a tangent which has slope -X. If this channel number is less
than the previously fixed right boundary, the boundary is
considered to be the newer lower channel number.

The program then draws a linear baseline between
the boundary channels and checks the right side of the
peak to see if any channel falls below the baseline. If
this occurs, the boundary channel is decreased by one and
the operation repeated until all channels of the right
hand side are above the baseline. A similar process is

then carried out on the left hand side of the peak.

73

The next section of the program tests the peak to
decide whether or not it is a valid peak. The first test
is a statistical test. The peak area and base area are

calculated as follows:

Base Area = 0.5x(b + Dr)x(R - L + l)

l
where
D1 = counts in left hand boundary channel (L)
Dr = counts in right hand boundary channel (R)

Peak Area = 2 Di - base area
1

A standard deviation of the peak is then calculated.

R _ _ 2
SIGMA= 2 0.4- D +13 x(R L l) -1
L 1 1 r 2

 

 

A statistical test is then applied to the peak. To be

valid a peak must meet the following criterion:
Peak Area > (5.0 x SIGMA)

The primary purpose of the next test is to elim-
inate Compton edges, but it is also useful in eliminating
spurious peaks which get by the first test. The maximum
first derivative is located on the left side of the peak,
the minimum derivative on the right. This gives a measure

of the slope at the point of inflection on each side of

74

the peak. The absolute values of the slopes are then
compared to see that they are the same within a factor of
1.5.

After a peak has passed the previous two tests,

a linear baseline is defined for the photopeak. Several
channels on each side of the peak are used to define the
background. Four channels to the left of the left peak
limit are examined. Those channels which have the same
total accumulated counts as the left hand boundary channel
(within two standard deviations) are averaged and this
average is taken as a new value for the counts accumulated
at the left hand peak limit and used to define the back-
ground. The process is repeated on the right hand side of
the photopeak. The baseline is then a straight line

drawn between the two boundary channels.

The centroid of the peak is determined next using
seven channels (three on each side of the channel with the
greatest number of counts) using the method of Savitzky
and Golay.

Two methods for measuring the intensity of the
peak are built into the program, to be selected by the
user. These methods are discussed in Appendix A, where
they are referred to as the "Total Peak Area Method" and
the "Wasson Method." In the total peak area method, the
area is calculated as for the statistical test above, but

using the redefined values for the boundary channels. In

75

the Wasson method a number of channels, specified by the
user, are taken as the limits of integration. The base-
line is determined as above, and using that baseline,
background is subtracted from the channels within the
selected limits for integration. The peak area is cal-

culated as:

Base Area = (Bl + Br) x (X + 0.5)

l+X
2 Di - base area
l-X

Peak Area

where
l = centermost channel

x = number of channels on each side of centermost
channel to be included in peak area determina-
tion

D.= number of counts in ith channel

B and Br = calculated values for the background

1
in channels l-X and 1+x respectively, computed
from a straight line drawn between the peak

 

limits
1+x A 2
SIGMA = 2 Di + (B1 + Br) x (x + 0.5)
l-x

The program will determine the energies of the
photopeaks from their centroids, provided spectra of gamma-
ray standards are included on the input tape. If the
energies are to be determined, the first spectrum on the

137
tape should be a Cs spectrum. This spectrum serves as

76

a reference spectrum to provide an approximate energy
calibration for locating peaks of known energy in the
standard spectra. Due to possible nonlinearity in the
spectrometer, 88Y must be provided as a second reference
spectrum if any of the photopeaks used as standards have
energies greater than 1836 Rev (the Cs and Y reference
spectra may be deleted providing the centermost channels
for the Cs (and Y) peaks are included as input data on
the first data card).

Following the reference spectra on the tape, up
to 20 spectra of standards may be used to obtain the energy.
calibration of spectrometer. The energies of the gamma-
rays in each standards spectrum are read in on data cards
and the correspondong centroids are determined. Up to 50
lines may be used in the standards spectra.

The program determines the gamma-ray energies in
all subsequent spectra by interpolation, assuming that the
energy calibration is linear between standard lines. The
program does not extrapolate beyond the highest energy of
the gamma-ray standards.

When the program is used to process spectral data
from an activation analysis experiment, the energies of
the gamma-ray lines to be used in the analyses are read
in on one set of data cards. Along with the gamma-ray
energy, the chemical symbol of the element to be determined,

the half-life of the radioisotope used and the weight (or

77

concentration) of the element in the flux monitor are
included on the data card. A second set of data cards (one
card for each spectrum on the tape) provides the following
information: (1) the name of the sample; (2) the weight
of the sample: (3) the units in which the sample weight is
expressed; (4) the time of day the sample was counted;

(5) the live-time duration of the count. If the weights
of the elements in the flux monitors are constant from
flux monitor to flux monitor, they may be entered in the
appropriate field on the first set of data cards, and no
sample weights entered for the flux monitors in the second
set of data cards. If the flux monitors used are standard
powders or solutions, the concentrations of the elements
in the standard powder or solution may be placed on the
first set of data cards, and the weights of the standard
powders or solutions entered in the sample weight field

on the second set of data cards.

The program first makes a pass through the spectra
on the tape and analyzes the flux monitor spectra. It
picks out the peaks of interest in each flux monitor
spectrum and calculates the "standard comparator factor"
for each peak. After all flux monitor spectra have been
analyzed (the program can process up to ten), the standard
comparator factors for each peak are averaged to yield an

"average standard comparator factor" for each peak, which

78

is used to calculate concentrations when the sample
spectra are analyzed.

The tape is now backspaced to the first spectrum
for the activation analysis run under consideration
(there may be more than one run on a given reel of tape).
Each sample spectrum is then analyzed in turn, an "analyt-
ical comparator factor" calculated for each peak of
interest, and, from the average standard comparator factors
previously calculated, concentrations are calculated for
the elements of interest in the sample. The standard
deviation for the concentration is calculated based on
counting statistics alone.

In an activation analysis experiment involving the
counting of short-lived nuclides, one flux monitor may be
irradiated and counted for each sample analyzed. The
program will handle this as a special case, as follows:
in an activation analysis run a card is provided which
tells the computer how many flux monitor spectra are in a
given run. If this number is put to less than zero, the
program expects that every other spectrum will be a flux
monitor spectrum, and that each sample spectrum will
follow its corresponding flux monitor spectrum on the tape.

If, for some reason, no flux monitors were count-
ing during an activation analysis run, the number of flux

monitor spectra can be put equal to zero on the data card

79

and the program will process the spectra and calculate
analytical comparator factors for each peak in each sample
spectrum.

In calculating standard comparator factors and
analytical comparator factors, the program corrects the
counting data for decay during the count and corrects each
count for decay back to the time of the start of the first

count in the activation analysis run. That is:

 

SCF = (peak area) x Aektl
(flux monitor weight) x (l - e-Ata)
Atl
ACF = (peak area) x Xe

 

(sample weight) x (l - e-Xta)

where
t1 = the elapsed time between the start of the
first count in the experiment and the start
of the count being processed

ta = duration of the count (live time)

The program operates on various different levels
of complexity, determined by the input data cards. It
can simply read spectra and analyze the spectral data.
On another level the program will determine the energies
of the photopeaks in the spectra, provided appropriate
standard spectra are provided. Thirdly, the program can

process spectral data from an activation analysis experi-

ment and calculate element concentrations. Some output

Table l.—-Gamma

80

Rays Used as Primary Energy Standards.

 

 

Source Energy (keV) Source Energy (keV)

241AM 59.536 1 0.001 19211 468.060 1 0.010
1°9Cd 88.034 1 0.010 Annihilation 511.003 1 0.002
182Ta 100,106 1 0.001 20781 569.690 1 0.030
5706 122.046 1 0.020 2OBTI 583-139 i 0-023
144Ce 133.503 1 0.020 1921r 604-378 i 0-020
57Co 135,465 1 0.020 19211 612.430 1 0.020
141Ce 145.442 1 0.010 137Cs 661-615 i 0-030
182Ta 152.435 1 0.004 54Mn 834-840 i 0-050
139Ce 165.852 1 0.010 88Y 898-023 i 0-065
182Ta 179.393 1 0.003 20781 1063-635 i 0-040
182Ta 222.110 1 0.003 60Co 1173.231 1 0.030
lepb 233,524 1 0,003 22Na 1274.550 1 0.040
203Hg 279.179 1 0.010 6OCo 1332.508 1 0.015
19211 295.938 1 0.010 l4°La 1596-200 1 0-040
19211 303,440 1 0.010 1248b 1691.022 1 0.040
19211 316.490 1 0.010 88Y 1836-127 i 0-050
131I 364.491 1 0,015 20811 2614.708 1 0.050
198Au 411.792 1 0.008 24Na 2754-142 i 0-050

 

81

options are included in the program in that the user can
tell the program whether or not to print out the raw
spectral data and whether or not to print out the smoothed
data.

The following data cards must be provided by the

user .

Card Format

1 Card with number of reference and stand- 416
ards spectra on tape, and the maximum gamma-
ray energy of standard lines. The centermost
channels of the Cs (and Y) peaks may be
included on this card if the gamma-ray
energies are to be determined and the Cs (and
Y) reference spectra are left off the input
tape.
IF THE NUMBER OF STANDARDS SPECTRA IS ZERO,
OMIT CARDS 2 AND 3.

2 Cards with the number of photopeaks in 1216
each standards spectrum.

3 Cards with the energies of the photo- 8F9.3
peaks in each standards spectrum in the
order that the spectra appear on the tape.

4 Card with number of Spectra to be 316,
skipped, size of spectra, number of 13A4

spectra (not including reference and

82

Card Format

 

standard spectra or any spectra to be skipped
following the first spectrum in an activation
analysis run), and labels.

5 Card which controls various options built 4Il,I6
into program. The first four columns con-
trol the operation of the program.

Column l--zero-raw data printed out
one-raw data not printed out
Column 2--zero-smoothed data printed out
one-smoothed data not printed out
two-smoothing operation deleted
Column 3--zero-peak area integrated by
Wasson's method
one-peak integrated to give
total peak area
Column 4--zero-program will calculate
elemental concentrations
from activation analysis
data
one-activation analysis program
bypassed
Column 5--lO-—integer number of points on
each side of center channel
to be included in peak area

determined by Wasson's method

83

Card Format

 

Cards 4 and 5 may be repeated together any
number of times. If there is more than one
run per tape, place a card with a negative
number (I6 format) between each set of data
cards.

6 If column 4 of card 5 is l, omit this and
the following data cards:

Card with number of flux monitor spectra 216,5Al,
on tape and number of peaks in spectra A4
which are to be analyzed. Columns 13-17
must have the letters SMHDY in that order.
Columns 18-21 must have the first four char-
acters to be used in the sample name field
on cards described under 8 below, which iden-
tify the flux monitor spectra. The card for
each flux monitor spectrum must have the first
four characters in the sample name field,

identical to the listed characters.

7 Set of cards, one for each peak to be A2,BX,
F10, 3’

analyzed. Each card must have: 3X, F7,

3' 4X,

a. chemical symbol for element being Al, 5X
determined using given photopeak F10, 5,

6X, A4

b. energy of photopeak in KeV
c. radioisotope half-life
d. units in which half-life is expressed

(S seconds, M = minutes, H = hours,
D days, Y = years)

Card

 

8

84

 

Format
e. flux monitor weight or concentration
f. units in which flux monitor weight
is expressed (mg, mg, etc.) ug, mg
Set of cards, one for each spectrum on 4A4, 4X,
F10.5,
tape in order of spectra appearance on 6X, A4,
5X, I3,
tape. Each card must have: 12, 3x,
16, A1,
a. sample name 4X, I6
b. sample weight
c. sample weight units (GRAM, Mg, etc.)
d. time of day count started--8:30 PM
would be represented as 2030. If an
activation analysis experiment runs
into another day, time of second day
starts at 2400 (e.g., 1:00 AM would
be 2500) ‘
e. live time duration of count
f. live time units
9. spectra to be skipped after processing

spectrum described by card.

(.1! llifylllllillilul ‘.|l(lvi I...

\ 5471.11,...“

:.l"..l||‘l.‘u '01.|1£.¢fl1 ’

MICHIGAN STnTE UNIV.ILIBR9RIES
‘ll(“IIIIIWIMIWWWW“VWIHWIWWI
31293007092863