‘ HUI Hill ll pl 605 .1 I (D ‘ll‘ Illllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllll 193 01021 9305 This is to certify that the thesis entitled GRACE AND REVOLUTION presented by Martha Jo Kreiner has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for M.A. degree in English huh Sham Major professor Date May 51 1994 0-7639 MSU is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution LIBRARY Michigan State University PLACE I! RETURN Boxwmnmuflldnckoum mm To AVOID FINES Mum on or baton data duo. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE MSU usmmmmw Opportunlty 1m Wm: GRACE AND REVOLUTION BY Martha Jo Kreiner A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of English 1994 ABSTRACT GRACE AND REVOLUTION BY Martha Jo Kreiner Ordered chronologically by date of the first firm draft, this collection of poems traces the broadening of my artistic considerations. The themes of the resilience of women resistant to domination, the magic to be found in the mundane and usual, and the conjoining of the spiritual/dream realm with the everyday remain primary throughout. An increasingly meticulous attention to word choice for sound, potentially ambiguous meanings, and contributions to tone, however, gives resonance to later poems. In addition, the later poems employ families of images such that a pattern is more likely to emerge. And finally, there exists a growing regard for the ordering of the material in the poem and its effect on the unfolding of meaning. Copyright by MARTHA J0 KREINER 1994 For Stacie, My First, the Original Audience iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Among those who have encouraged the completion of this manuscript, Professor Anita Skeen sweeps the awards for my gratitude. Her mentoring, maintenance of rigorous expectations, singular attention to my work, and comments attesting to the actual existence of progress within it have made the project invaluable to my development as a beginning poet. I would also like to express appreciation to the many women in my life--for midnight coffee, insisting that I shoot pool for an evening, tolerating and understanding my need to chain myself to my desk when I might usually be lounging in good company on the couch, telling me whopping good stories, cooking me weekly meals, swimming a length ahead of me during my first full mile, and coming up to my study for a smoke when I most needed to know I was not in it alone. Thank you. PREFACE I used to think of resistance as organized and somewhat refined, but at twenty-two years of age, I can think of only two instances in my life when, in a moment of battle, I said precisely what I meant to say and didn't come up with a better version later. At this rate, I can reasonably expect only five more such episodes the rest of my lifetime. This could be why I write: at least I have the advantage of drafts. Perhaps true moments of courage are always awkward, and it is in those spaces without words that imagination leaps through and we do something (not a stanza break) vi we'd never thought before, exit a conversation, or summon the voices of allies and stay. Perhaps I'm creating occasions for eloquence a bit more often than every eleven years. Maybe that's what most art does, adds grace to revolution. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Under the Bed 3 Common Faith: A Creed 5 Once Again, You Are Picking Beans at Midnight Cultivation of a Heroine 9 Claiming Her Due 12 Sustenance 15 Featured Artist 17 The Occasional Garden 20 Lure 23 Pitching In 25 Creed, Revisited 28 Amazons at Art's Bar; Or, What We Do When We're Not Polishing Our Breast Plates Trailing After Her 32 Wasting No Time 34 Whistle Poem for My Brother 36 Design 38 Armed to the Teeth 40 A Woman Writes a Letter to Her Father 42 Preparing for Revolutionary Community 44 February 1994--National Snack Food Month (and Black History Month) 47 viii The Muse Is a Big-Boned Woman 48 Requisite Props 50 In the Months before the Move 52 Picnic at Mt. Hope Cemetery 53 Pisces Playing Guitar 55 Letter from My Outrageous Self 57 Marla Sharks Around 59 ix INTRODUCTION Ordered chronologically by date of the first firm draft, this collection of poems traces the broadening of my artistic considerations. The themes of the resilience of women resistant to domination, the magic to be found in the mundane and usual, and the conjoining of the spiritual/dream realm with the everyday remain primary throughout. An increase, though, in available poetic tools manifests itself in the augmentation, by the final poem, of options I exercise to make a piece of writing layered and resonant enough to be an effective poem. In my early work, structure and form, among other elements, are more of an accident than an intentional choice. The struggle, at first, is to string together enough interesting images just to produce something other than prose. Practicing as rigorously as is necessary to complete a thesis, however, has deepened my understanding of figure in poetry. I have begun to ask the hard questions: Why this image? Do these images function together in a way that enriches the poem or complicates it? Why these images in this order? Why these images in, for example, a letter poem and not in a catalogue poem? How does the space on the page contribute to or detract from the poem's revelation? l Have I chosen the most effective tense? Does each word merit entry into the poem because it moves it in some overall direction, or is the word just holding a place? That I begin to grapple with some of these problems in later poems is evidenced by an increasingly meticulous attention to word choice for sound, potentially ambiguous meanings, and contributions to tone. In addition, the poems employ families of images such that a pattern is more likely to emerge. And finally, there exists a growing regard for the ordering of the material in the poem and its effect on the unfolding of meaning. My hope is not only to reproduce an experience for the reader but also to evoke in her a sense of movement, as if the poem has impressed her in such a way that she is differently situated for having read it. To be in a position to create these kinds of poems, I must allow them the time to make themselves and their particular insights known to me. The writing of this collection has helped me develop a better sense of the discipline requisite to that slow-going but transformative process. Under the Bed I wasn't old enough to know how to work the matches when you scorched black patches into the mattress. The angel hair underside flashed outward in circles. I slapped out the flames, my hand blistery, and I wiped my sweatshirt sleeve across my eyes. But you were giggling seven-year-old wildness, ablaze with cowlicks and grass stains. Mouth dry as cellophane, I gulped again and again, my face suspended on knots of hair crimped in the box spring. Common Faith: A Creed Doing tarot to settle on a grad school, suspending dimes in frost on the window (a wish for every one that sticks), I scan lecture halls for left-handers-- in grade school, we all cut with backwards scissors. I whistle bits of hymn when driving, splotches of melody minus the god part: I am post-Catholic. I guess the next lines of ballads, a free verse poet predicting the rhyme. If the first gum ball from the machine is green, I will twist a penny for a second. I write in pen. I always buy Marlboros in a box, and I never dance in anything but black. Once Again, You Are Picking Beans at Midnight For Kelly You burst into the dim back yard, baseball cap strapped backwards, bangs sprouting from the gap above the clasp. You slip, kneeling, to the underside of the netting tacked from fence to ground. Clipboard, badge number, parking tickets, the boxy props of your p.m. job drop away from you as the moist glisten of good work pools in the folds of your skin. It is 2 a.m. before you boil them with bacon (not a stanza break) 8 and an unconscionable measure of salt, but it is not the boiling I will remember: it is you shimmering among those stalks, the slim figures of beans brushing your ears. And your face agleam like the seeds within, sheathed in the moon's blue pod. Cultivation of a Heroine For Dr. Useem It is sheer good fortune to miss somebody long before they leave you. Toni Morrison Ruth and I spent weeks that summer around the wide table in her dining room, mostly manilla, labels, and stamps on my end, letters, manuscripts, and drafts on hers. It was my job to organize her research and her thoughts. But things changed the day she found out there were crucial things I did not know. She'd asked me about my favorite flower, and I told her I knew the names of none. 10 She pulled two pair of work gloves from a drawer in the kitchen, handed me a folded bag, and walked out the back door. I followed her for a single turn around her garden. She tugged thistles from beneath a few among the waves of flowers, and I held the sack, parting the edges as she turned to place each weed in the bottom of the bag. She had me repeat their names: zinnias, cut out petals pasted on stems, lilies, like prairie grass, leaning and thirsty for months on end, but bursting suddenly and in unison into the orange and yellow chorus of the sun. 11 And cabbage-- which before I'd only known as flecks of purple in salad-- the vegetable that thrives on frost, fierce and upright as sheet metal and sturdy past the first snow, violet bloom atop a stalk. 12 Claiming Her Due Granted, April Schuldt wasn't everyone's idea of the perfect candidate for Homecoming Queen at Memorial High School in Eau Claire, Wis. The 17-year-old is unmarried and five months pregnant . . . . She dresses in dark, baggy layers with combat boots and lots of rings. She prefers dark eye makeup and purple-black lipstick and shaves her bright red hair up the sides . . . . [Even though] she won the election fair and square by more than 30 votes . . . [s]ome school officials decided the punky and pregnant April could not properly represent Memorial's 1800 students . . . . Tipped off by a friend that she'd been robbed, April confronted the school's principal, Charles Zielin, on Friday, Oct. 2--Homecoming Day. People Weekly I have tried to imagine the principal seated alone and in state at his desk, sorting creased slips of paper, April's pile swelling. 13 How he must have cringed when the glare of her bald patch of head shone on the lens of his mind's eye. How the delicate muscles around his mouth twitched as he envisioned her, sparkling beneath a tiara, eyes bold above a quarter inch of black. How he surely weighed the matter in sensible principle fashion to decide she was not fit, her unwed body too round to be fit. 14 And then I think of April: her procession weeks later through the hall, wool cape billowing in the breeze of her stride, the thud of her boots on institutional tile. How she thumped on his door with a closed fist. How she swirled into the room all hung with plaques and dangled the question from her indigo lips. 15 Sustenance For the WOman Who Wraps Gifts at the Shop in Sparrow Hospital When I sneak off the eighth floor down to your shop, you do not whisper in pale hushes. You know that extra slamming of the register drawer will crimp none of my papery veins, that the rumble of the store vacuum will not deepen the slate creases beneath my eyes. My underwear a blue smear through my gown, I am draped (not a stanza break) 16 around my I.V. pole. One of three wheels at the bottom has me fighting a lean to the left. I have snagged some tubing on a shelf of glass, but even now you do not wither to a mime. Partly, I browse, but mostly I gorge my inside ear (stray from my diet of liquids), so that later, your voice a textured grip in the porcelain stillness of my room, I hear you talking about my find. As you fold, then fasten the colored paper, it becomes a gift. 17 Featured Artist For Kelly, the Neon Sculptor, on the Occasion of the Week Preceding Her First Gallery Showing For weeks you've ground your teeth at night, flecks of enamel lining the troughs of your mouth so that you wake up thirsty. Your intestinal tract is a long cave of stone, food jolting along the path in starts and stops. Even now, when your work costs you bodily, you do not call yourself an artist. 18 There are no legends of brilliant and troubled benders of glass stumbling back through time, shut up in a room, hunched over a flame, swallowing exhaust or pills or pride. I already have a genre, a slick sign swinging on delicate chains from the vaulted ceilings of bookstores. But you work in a recent medium, teetering always on the edge of glitz, wary of waxing '803. For you, there is no designated muse and only one book with pictures in the university library of art. 19 And yet you work. You work till bags hang heavy and sullen from your eyes, until your shoulders are knotted, until you singe your lashes on the blue flame. 20 The Occasional Garden For Kelly We call it a patio, these few hunks of concrete, but we both know better. This is where I sit past midnight when gardening occurs to you, like an overdue dentist appointment, in the middle of late night TV. This is not a place out of The Gardener's Diary I surprised you with on a grim day, which you both treasure and never use. You tried for lettuce but the dogs found that patch of earth coolest for lounging, snacked on carrots, tugged young onions right from the ground. 21 In June, you planted sunflowers all along the garage wall. Beneath the clearing in the backyard branches, a single one nods her head to you now, in the dark. The wafer of daily sun sustains her frame only. This is not a fenced off plot, vegetables in rows. Your herbs hang in bundles from drawer handles, cupboards, the coat rack. Inside the house flecks of oregano drop onto our hair. You never water by daylight, and I never saunter out here alone for a smoke, a breather, some iced tea. 22 Not a project, pastime, or hobby, it is something we remember from time to time, you wrestling a hose and a flashlight, me listening for water on the leaves. 23 Lure For Kelly We are fishing from a pier by the headlights of my Toyota. You have knocked the scissors off the dock and sever your line with the tip of a cigarette. Angling to one side to keep light on my still bobber, you tip the bait can 24 towards shore, pinching the dirt for worms. You turn again to face the lake. Backs strapped by light, leather glinting, our shadows arc across the water, drawn swords. Pitt For Cor ta; bee to In ri SC 1! di pi th in as) film 25 Pitching In For Kelly Councilwoman Alfreda taps at our door, bearing hemlines, a handbag, and a citation for our ill-kempt lawn. In the house I am folding towels right side out, so the tags won't show, our linen closet a display shelf from Sears. When I moved in, I washed every vase in your deco collection, dumping their contents-- pictures, action figures, the deed to your house-- in a box, asked you to sort through it some time. 26 I designated a junk drawer because where I am from you have only one. And I rigged a wire basket to the mail slot on the door. The dogs had been sampling the mail, select envelopes ripped and smudged. Outside, Alfreda is pointing to the drive-- mattresses, a dresser, dry branches. Irreverent, you drop your cigarette at her feet, slide your hat backwards. Much later, you will call me outside, to hear the manual (not a stanza break) 27 mower in the rain, the intimate snipping at 2 am. And when we come back in the house to dry off I will pitch the plastic wrap from a pack of Marlboros into a wide-necked vase. 28 Creed, Revisited I believe in Post-it notes and errands, that being sick is the only acceptable excuse for my not doing something. I believe in pulling my weight, in surprise gifts for no special occasion, that I should have hobbies, that smoking, folding laundry, and sending prompt thank you notes do not count as such, though I do these things with steadfast regularity. I believe in the hand and homemade, that a promise is a promise, that brownies, merit badges, and tights exemplify my early life. 29 I believe in decorating for birthdays, that I should watch the news, that phone messages should include a date and a time. I believe that once a week is often enough for most anything, in having gladiolas in the house, in taking only one newspaper from the dispenser. I believe in oracles-- Bazooka fortunes, dreams, tarot, and graffiti-- that you can know someone before having met her. I believe in the conjuring power of the imagination, the creative potential of lists. 30 Amazons at Art's Bar; Or, What We Do When We're Not Polishing Our Breast Plates For the Lesbian Avengers Helaine is telling stories about Virginia again, slapping her palms down and dropping her jaw. She stops to sneak a pack of Marlboros into her lap, rips off the miles, pockets them. She's saving for the Dirt-Jak and a sleeping bag. Emily talks building codes to Kelly, and the healing nature of the color blue. She's into vibing and power tools. On her way home, (not a stanza break) 31 she'll pull over to lug a roadside cinder block into her truck, some wet lumber, maybe a near-dead raccoon. Drawing one knee up to her chest, swinging her chair back on only two legs, Kelly mocks gravity, fakes choking on a toothpick, then smirks in my direction. At closing, she'll invite us over for some home shopping and the couch, saying nervous breakdowns aren't so bad with the right company and snacks. 32 Trailing After Her For Kelly, at a Time of Unsettling Change You leave early for work, and I wake after you're gone. Your few flicks of ash twitch on the bathtub ledge like dry flies on a sill when the storms come off in May. On the dinette table, splints of toothpick huddle in a pile. A nest of twisted newspaper falls from your chair. As if you litter your path to find your way back. I imagine you blowing through the streets in your rust and blue Nova, 33 leaves swarming behind you like bands of young insects, wings still thick with resin and hungry. I begin with the toothpick, sweep it into my palm, gather newspapers into a pile. I make my way by your trail, an ant hastening to its queen with food, along a thinning ribbon of smell. 34 Wasting No Time For rhu at 78 You like the ginkgo tree because she wastes no time. In fall, she drops her leaves like undressing in a cold bedroom, not all that changing of color and then a few wisps of leaf a day, like a pale woman fainting limb to limb in a silent movie. On your final night, you'll stay up late with popcorn and Mary Pickford. Leaning back in a starched pantsuit, you'll prop your heels on the couch's arm. You'll cut to black with a bowl of snacks on your chest, 35 like the ginkgo in November, still clenching fruit in her palm. You, like the ginkgo, will pause as if merely interrupted. 36 Whistle Poem for My Brother For MJK Waiting in the cafe for a blue-eyed friend, a man behind me whistles something similar to our old call, and I remember you, buck-toothed and corduroyed, before you could pronounce the R in my name. In the grocery store, lagging aisles behind Mom and the cart, I shuffled through dairy and you whisked through toys, no walking past every aisle to find each other. Instead, that whistle, the long exhale through determined lips, (not a stanza break) if a." "gun v- w 37 how we made our way to each other's sound, both listening with heads turned, over registers and Musak, snarling hair and cowlicks pushed away from the homing ear. I always saw you first, fists crammed in your pockets, plodding backwards so you would not miss me from behind. You'd dart your head right way around to check for obstructions in your path, and I'd whistle a final time. Doubled up, we could not be lost. In tandem we'd yell for Mom to please meet her party in lane seven, the brief, loud unison of brother and sister, wailing in their uppermost registers. 38 Design For Kelly, the Neon Artist, after Losing Her Shop Last summer, your art partner loaded a truck, made off with the manifold, the torches, even your portfolio. A series of lawyers slapped you with, "Possession is nine-tenths." For months you woke from naps, your face a mask of sweat and matted hair. Just warming soup, you stockpiled dishes, (not a stanza break) 39 the sink a fortress. In a friend's shop you lit cigarettes with a blowtorch. For everything, the big guns. Yet November has you sketching again, on overdue bills, the telephone book, remembering the subtle power of outlines. No equipment, no money to buy any, but your eye for contour, swollen from the grit storm of rage, opens to late fall designs. Nubbed branches suggest leaves, a square plot of field, the crop. 40 Armed to the Teeth Thirty-two bones to pick morning and night, my father flosses twice daily, his bite sure, clean, exacting. Lately, though, I am dreaming of unsturdy teeth: In a ritual of hygiene I bend over the sink, lift the bristles to my lips. Before I can brush, a shower of crowns, a clicking spill of enamel drops from my mouth. Nightmares of teeth loose indicate death. I have read this. Yet, in the absence of any binding evidence-- scars, fingerprints, birthmarks-- it is the teeth they use to match corpses to names, return children's bodies to the father. 41 Unmarked, I will clear that hot, white mouth, stony cusps crumbling in the bone of my jaw. 42 A Woman Writes a Letter to Her Father man of books and little time, of equations and theoretics, professor-man with a mind for only the abstract, writes to say she's leaving because he's studying the wrong thing, asks him to lift his head, for once, from the book, weight of knowledge in his lap, to turn his head around the wide, cushioned back of his chair to see her mother in the doorway of the house, headed out, and this woman, his daughter, a few steps ahead. 43 Father, she says, Dad, look at the lives of those you say you love the most, your own life. Study hard. Acquaint yourself with the damage you have done. Not an ultimatum but an invitation. Not an act of pity but one of faith that he could-- there's an outside chance-- prevent the almost certain if-then. For Helaine 44 Preparing for Revolutionary Community If I am different from you in some way, I will not put myself in your shoes. Instead, I will remain in my own and determine on whose necks my footholds lie. I will find some other kind of grounding. I will no longer believe that a ceremony requires a budget. I will honor someone by being singularly attentive to the words she speaks, as if she could be speaking to me, as if I have it in me to respond to her with respect and integrity, as an ally. I will invoke my power of audience. About history, I will discover what mine has really been, what has been done in whose name, in my own name, and whether or not this is the name I will continue to go by, (not a stanza break) 45 whether or not I have a choice. I will also uncover those heroines whose stories have been blotted out, because how they lived, what they taught and learned, was simple and complicated and revolutionary, because revolution has been happening for some time now, and I could use some examples, some advice, some encouragement. I will quit expecting my due and start earning it. I will find ways of sorting out what I deserve from what has accrued to me by circumstances of birth. Whatever I do not need I will hand over to those who have more just methods of distribution. will not expect always to be able to describe the community I mean by revolutionary. I will commit myself (not a stanza break) 46 to making mistakes, though I do expect to be held accountable, to be making my way to new ground, where I'll recognize, in the moments I am there, that this is the place I've been meaning to get to. I will act as if this place exists, regardless. 47 February, 1994--National Snack Food Month (and Black History Month) Chocolate chips, chips and dip, potato chips. Chip off the old block. Block the door. Auction block. Blue chip stock. Block them out. Don't go off the block. Knock their blocks off. White them out. (BIG BLOCK LETTERS:) Cash in my chips. Hand over the cash. Chisel away at the chip on my shoulder: shoulder some blame for a change. 48 The Muse Is a Big-Boned Woman who totes no quiver of shimmering arrows, no sequined evening bag for her pinch of enchanted dust, not so much as a wand even. She is a big-boned woman with a fierce jaw and a ruler, advanced in years and unfailing in health-- partisan of practice, disciple of rigor, believer in regular exercise. Pen in hand at my desk, posture decidedly prim, I wait for a ration of wisdom, even some direction. 49 Instead, I feel her suddenly behind me, leaning in. She monitors my progress, the air pinched and dustless. TI“: It‘m 50 Requisite Props For Irma Horvath--Murdered March, 1994 The episodes blare by on my private, nightly screen. He stalks me in installments. This is a serial killing: Snuffed in blue light, I wake in a room filmed with smell. Or: Mouth flailing like a flag with an eyelet ripped, my scream curls away like smoke. Or: The black and blue light of the moon flicks through his eye like a coin tossed for a petty decision. 51 Each morning, I wake to the paper, the details of another woman's death, recognize an item from a dream: the headboard, the time of day, the color of her blouse. If I could just slip into the scene in the off moments, like a member of the stage crew, I would plant the principal a discreet defense: a phone, some knitting needles in an out of the way drawer, a cameo--relief of her lover. 52 In the Months before the Move You collect boxes like mementos: there must be enough of them to contain everything. You wonder what to give away, try remembering the last time you cooked with cardamon, whether you even know its smell. On the one hand, there's sealing that jar and others against spilling, masking tape hermetic around the lids, then the cross-state trek with spices you can't even recall the dish for. On the other hand, there's being without them. Like a dictionary of only the known words, the essentialist spice rack inhibits the palate--no capsicum, coriander, or fennel to stir the tongue. You decide to take the cardamon. 53 Picnic at Mt. Hope Cemetery For the Woman Who Was Never My Lover We yank the blanket taut across the ground, stake our claim: No burying for the duration of our meal. We lay out our fare among the oldest stones, impressions smooth from the wind's sweeping hand. 54 Nappy after strawberries, we rest, almost nestle among the well-mourned. 55 Pisces Playing Guitar For Kelly with Her Six String The air too thin a medium for blues, you tilt your head, dunk your face in the phantom sea. Listening to riffs in both worlds, you check for sharps with a brine-filled ear. The thumbing of bass notes-- poofs in a tidal pool as mollusks hit bottom. 56 The strumming of chords-- underwater wind rustling in kelp which sways like submerged women's hair. 57 Letter from My Outrageous Self Inhibition exacts a toll on art. Marla My Darling Martha, Spend, for once, on credit. Take a friend out for a lavish meal-- pasta, cheese, olives. Start a rumor you wish were true. Wear something suede, a raspberry dinner jacket, say, in which, even you could wax sultry. 58 Insist on wine, a table in the corner. Read to her, over melting sorbet, from your love poems. 59 Marla Sharks Around The partial or complete . . . obscuring of one . . . body by another . A disgrace . . . The American Heritage Dictionary on eclipse Windows of smoky glass snuff the day's usual light in the bar where she fuels competition. She chalks her stick, slicks the arrow's tip with ceremonial oil, flammable but hardly toxic. Her voice smolders, low. She raises an eyebrow to blazon a definitive rule, steadies her cigarette on the table's ledge, an outrage. 60 When she invites me to play, I am of two minds, but in the long shadow of the pool hall, Marla insists. She circles the green to find her next move, takes fire at the table's rim. "lllllllllllllllllll