(«Hut-y —.q...- 19 . "an“ V , o {44S DRECWY 8F BEOWULF :PN GNQNEPSW} AND ' CGNPARM NE STUDY ‘ .Fhésas forthe bééree ofPhD .- '4 . MMM IGAN STATE UNIVERSITY . 5 .-~~ - , OBERT ALLAN PLOEGSTRA 1:]- . -. . I ~ ~ .. , ._ ' z . . 4 V v i » v . ‘. .u-n- ~ .3 ”Lu; .u..‘-.-‘...u.....;.a-. «uh! 0 rr. ran-'3 .3n-..a-;u..a'un-n- NIH!!! I HIP/P I HIV/WNW 4/ 3 1293 01087 2632 ' . ,V *..6~.. . . '10 H 5! ONIWAH it: J ~ 5, '. I m , A '1’. , "1G. Tu. v“.. I W dw‘--_ . -f 4011‘ '3 . _ ‘ .CVL‘Je‘n. .4 ..n 33.4. Geri; . e; .. trauma-.- x, :7. 4 ""l N! ital”; . " ' V'flifih" L.‘ He; '1 t. . ‘ . *Qfihe J...!.-.:\:: v m 75 pet‘sanu‘ urn-I I40“. .‘1 2% “1:30 QOXQfi, NC!" ~. I, 9 ”7-“? 1's: . ~31: ; a. yur 1100 5.9. r. aum‘y of no I “6 ' . _' ‘ O ABSTRACT THE HISTORICITY OF BEOWULF: AN ONOMASTIC AND COMPARATIVE STUDY By Robert Allan Ploegstra , The thesis of this work is that the epic poem Beowulf is not to be read as history. In presenting the issue, the writer first reviews statements from R. W. Chambers, Fr. Klaeber, w. W. Lawrence, F. York Powell, Axel Olrik, W. P. Ker, G. Turville—Petre, Viggo Starcke, Richie Girvan, and others to demonstrate the historical mind-set current in Beowulf criticism. A critical look is then focused on the actual evidence—-Gregory of Tours' history, the gibgg Historigg Francorum, the Libgr Monstrorum. From there, the study proceeds to an examination of the different tribal groups-—the Danes, the Geats, the Swedes, the Heabo-Bards, the Wagmundings, the Angles, and the Half— Danes--in the light of Northern traditions and the name- occurrences of the various individual members of the tribes. Chapter II contains a listing of nearly 10,000 name- occurrences of some 75 personal names from Beowulf, where they are found in Anglo—Saxon, Northern,and continental sources before the year 1100 A.D. A summary of results closes the chapter. Chapter III deals first with the historicity of the E 4" ”<1“ 6’ digressions, then with historical analyses of The §gflg of Roland, Egg Iliad, and the VolSunga gaga and Nibelungenlied. A short conclusion follows. The basic findings of this study are: that the identi- fication of Gregory's Chlochilaicus, Chrochilaicho, Clodilaichum with the Beowulf poets Hygelac is not as certain as some scholars would conclude; that the Northern sources contradict much of what the Beowulf poet relates; that the heroic stories in general comprise a collection of shifting, changing, conflicting traditions; that many of the names even within a single tribe were drawn from widely diverse geographical areas; that the digressions were primarily dramatic, rather than historical; that epic poems in general are composed of a pastiche of heroic legends, non-contempo- raneous heroes, anachronisms, borrowed stories, myths, details drawn from other historical events, fictional characters, exaggeration, and poetic invention. As such, they provide an extremely shaky basis for reading them as the record of actual events and people. Though they are often based on historical happenings, the events themselves become lost under the mass of legend, myth, anachronism, and poetical exaggeration. Adviser: William Whallon Michigan State University, 197M. THE HISTORICITY OF BEOWULF: AN ONOMASTIC AND COMPARATIVE STUDY By Robert Allan Ploegstra A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of English 197” ‘t'il to “Union. 3 V 3am» Main .5. , .- pile ' 1" cri : “a, “Vibry carwfi 1: [ :W‘Y . a -» 1.1-: . _ldt‘-typin__; “- ? II taw’Bt'iar. i. . - . Copyright by Robert Allen Ploegstra 197k VV .‘ I. - ‘ h V'\" . 7' g. '. gm- - fie .- 1%, h‘ '- . . _ ‘ _ .‘ 'r- .. . . .. . r. ' c . .~ ‘ ,, A.-. .. 7.- , _ . ‘r g .',‘4-‘ 1".“ ‘ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The continuing interest and patience of my advisor, Dr. William Whallon, is gratefully acknowledged. Without his guidance and encouragement, this study would not have been completed. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Robert Geist Dr. William Heist and Dr. Marjorie Gesner for their perceptive criticism and helpful suggestions as members of my advisory committee. Finally, a special thank you is due my wife Elsie for patient typing and retyping the thesis, and my sons, Michael and Brian for their forbearance while I finished the dissertation. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:IIQQIOCQonooaoo'cloolOoqcoo'oo CHAPTER I. II. III. The ProblemcloocctiIQOI'CQOOIQQ00.0.0.0. The Danes.............................. The Geats ............................. The Swedes ............................ The Heabo-Bards ...... ..... ............ The Waegmundings ...................... The Angles ............................ TheHalf'DaneS OIOOOIOOIIICIQ oooooo cos. .I... 00 o. I n o I 00 000' O 0 I90 ICQIOI List of Abbreviations ............ ....... ..... The Evidence .......................... Definition of Terms ............ ....... Findings on Names ............... ...... The Digressions: History or Myth? .... The Scyld Story ....................... Ecgbéows Exile .......... .......... .... The Breca Incident OOOOOIIOIOC'IOIIOCOOIIOI... Sigmund and Fitela so...Cooovioooo'ooooooooco Herede o.00.to.coc'oo'lonloqoooooooooo The Story of Finn ........................... Eormenric and Hama .......................... Page 12 23 29 36 39 n2 an 51 63 356 357 369 369 370 371 372 373 37a 376 IV. Hygelac‘s Raid ‘qoq‘cong‘n The M5dpr§oo Incident ..... The Ingeld Episode ........ The Swedish Wars ............ The Herebeald Incident ..... The Song of Roland ........ Homer‘s Iliad——The Tale of Troy ...... ‘vvooqo‘gqnogcooguo~ noc'c-Ooocqlco‘tcco. Ioooooiv Volsunga Saga and Nibelungenlied—— The Story of Sigurd .. End Notes ' I I I I I I I I I I I O I O I 0 Conclusion I I I I I I I I I I I I I O I 0 List of Sources Consulted iv IIIQIIIIII 0.09-0.00. Page 377 379 380 382 386 388 394 405 M17 H21 42% ‘2’. Chapter I The whole case for the historicity of Beowulf rests upon Grundtvig's (and others') identification of Chlochilaico, Chlochilaichum, Chrochilaicho, Clodilaichum, Hrodolaicum of Gregory of Tours with the Hygelac of Beowulf. As Chambers puts it: The identification of Chochilaicus with Hygelac is the most important discovery ever made in the study of Beowulf, and the foundation of our belief in the histor1c character of its episodes. (Beowulf, An Introduction...p. un.) Starcke states it in this fashion: The Danish poet Grundtvig laid the foundation for the historical study of Beowulf. He was the first to discover the definite period during which the events of the tale must have taken place. He pointed out that King Hygelac (Hugleik or Hugleth) who, in Beowulf's youth was King of the Geatas, and is also mentioned by Saxo, is identical with Chlochialaicus, King of the Danes. The latter is referred to by Gregory of Tours who wrote his famous Historia Francorum about 577. Gregory relates that around 516 A.D. the Danes moved across the sea under their King Chlochilaicus and ravaged the Frisian coast near the Rhine, but the Danes suffered defeat and their king was killed. A later Frankish book Liber Historia Francorum from around 727 says that the tribe attacked was the Attuarii (Beowulf s Hetware) and spells the king 3 name: Chochilaicus. The Liber Monstrorum from the eighth century (p0531b1y wr1tten in England) calls the king Huiglacus or Huglacus, and reports that his gigantic bones for a long time afterward could be seen on an island in the mouth of the Rhine. He is called Rex Hugilaicus qui imperavit Getis. The story fits in well with that which is related in Beowulf, and all agree that Hygelac and Chochilaicus are one and the same person. (Denmark in World History, p. 101) 1' . ... . .. ,r ‘ n. ' . P, . r. m. 1 \ 1 1 i 1 u I 1 l I.- a. b . I. . . .Q .I N. 2 Klaber, in his edition of Beowulf, supports this position. He contends: But early Frankish chronicles... have preserved a most valuable record of Hygelac; s daring expedi— tion against the Franks, thereby confirming com— pletely the account of the Beowulf. (Introduction p. xli. ) If one looks over much commentary on Beowulf by historians and literary critics alike, he soon finds many to join the ranks of the historicists, along with Chambers, Starcke, and Klaeber. Consider the following statements. Irving, in his Introduction :2 Beowulf, states: In 521...., we are told by the Frankish historian Gregory of Tours, there was an unsuccessful piratical raid on Frankish territory near the mouth of the Rhine, led by a Scandinavian (Danish) king whom Gregory calls Chochilaicus. This is beyond doubt the Hygelac who plays a prominent role in Beowulf as the hero s liege lord and uncle, and the disastrous raid itself in which Hygelac was killed is often mentioned in the poem. Insofar as the events recounted in Beowulf are actually historical, they must have taken place at about this time, in the early sixth century. (p. 5) Kemp Malone may also be added to this illustrious company of historicists. In an article found in English Studies entitled "Hygelac," Malone postulates: We may conclude that Hygelac is properly identified ... with Chlocilaicus of Gregory... and the Huiglauc ... of the Liber Monstrorum with the Hugleikr of Snorri and the Huglec of Saxo s sixth book. (ES. 21: 108-119) W. W. Lawrence follows the reasoning of Grundtvig and the historicists, expressing an identical point of view in his Beowulf and £25 £219 Tradition. He states on page 92: The chief testimony is in the celebrated History 2; the Franks, by Gregory, Bishop of Tours, w 0 led 1n 59“, only some seventy years later hr 4"“. He states further on p. 93 that the Liber Historiae 3 than Hygelac himself. Francorgm a work of the eighth century added "Attoarios Vel Alios." For Lawrence, "These are clearly the Hetware of Beowulf." Lawrence admits, however: The nationality of the invaders is here (in Liber Historia; Francorum), as in Gregory, understood to be Danish—-a mistake natural enough from the point of view of Frankish historians, who would not distinguish clearly between different tribes of Scandinavian raiders. (p. 93) That he holds the Beowulf to contain historical elements may be seen in his statement on page 25 of that same work: Thus the death of Hygelac, the sovereign of Beowulf, at the hands of the Franks and their allies, is confirmed by Frankish historians, and the accession of Hygelac's son, Heardred, has antecedent probability in its favor. Another Anglo-Saxon scholar and the author of Beowulf and the Seventh Century, Ritchie Girvan, points out: There is no detail of this account and certainly no vital detail which does not appear in the poem either in direct statement or infer— entially. The name Attoarii is identical with Hetware and Chochilaicus is an earlier and Frankish form of Hygelac. Theudoric and Theudobert his son, who was in command of the Franks, are named as such and as Hugas, and the dynastic name Merovingian occurs. The peoples involved determine the district as the Rhine. (ppo 61‘2) Again the Swedish historians Hallendorff and Schfick mention that: Also the Goths were now governed by kings, one of them the renowned Hygilac, who, according to Frankish chronicles, fell in a war against the Frisians (about 516). Nor does it take long for the historicists to reason from the supposed historical fall of Hygelac to the position Lain... A that much of what the Beowulf poet writes is then histori- cal. R. W. Chambers jumps right in, stating: But if Beowulf is supported in this matter by what is almost contemporary evidence.... we shall probably be right in arguing that the other stories from the history of the Geatas, their Danish friends, and their Swedish foes, told with what seems to be such historic sincerity in the other digressions of our poem, are equally based on fact. (Beowulf, Ag Introduction, p. n) F. York Powell reveals a similar line of reasoning in his introduction to Saxo. There he holds: The Lay of Beowulf, which in its present shape dates from the end of the ninth century (the MS is, of course, later), mentions many of the Danish, Gothic, and Swedish kings, and is indeed the best authority with Ynglinga and Scioldunga (and earlier than they) for earlier Scandinavian history.... Now Hygelac is a real person of the fifth century, whose death is fixed by the Frankish Chronicles; so that here we have ninth-century evidence as to what was believed to have taken place in Scandinavia in the fifth century, and can form some idea of the early form of some of Saxo‘s material. (Introduction p. cvii) Even so cautious a scholar as Axel Olrik falls prey to this kind of reasoning. In his The Heroic Legends of Denmark, he concludes : Several of the persons mentioned in these episodes of Beowulf are standing characters in the Scylding tradition; thus Hrothgar (Hroarr), Hrethric (Hroerekr), Hrothulf (Hrolfr). This proves a common basis for Danish and Anglo-Saxon tradition and would also seem to indicate a foundation of fact. (p. 62) Girvan states it more strongly: ... This one historical event which we can check by authoritative testimony gives proof of the high degree of accuracy we may fairly expect in the history embedded in Beowulf. (Beowulf Egg 523 Seventh Century, p. 63) Another distingushed scholar, W. P. Ker, states it this way 4 We in his well-known Epic and Romance: 5 The fortunes of the Danish and Gautish kings, the fall of Hygelac, the feuds with Sweden...are not so much illustrations taken in from without, as points of attachment between the history of Beowulf and the untold history all round it, the history of persons concerned, along with Beowulf himself, in the vicissitudes of the Danish and Gautish kingdoms. (pp. 162—3) Moreover, Klaeber seems to agree with this kind of reasoning in the introduction to his edition of Beowulf. There we find him concluding: 0n the whole, the Beowulf account is to be regarded as being not only in time but also in historical fidelity nearest to the events alluded to. (Introduction, p. xxxiii) G. Turville—Petre in his The Heroic Age Q; Scandinavia comes out bluntly on both arguments (i.e. the historicity of Hygelac's fall and the historicity of other events alluded to by the poet). He argues: There is no room for doubt that these chroniclers were recording the event to which the poet of the Beowulf alluded, and it must have occurred between 515 and 530. Since the death of Hygelac is so well attested it can hardly be doubted that others (sic) incidents mentioned in the Beowulf also have a foundation in history. (p. M1 Finally, we find Girvan again arguing: It (Beowulf) is the oldest record and where it can be tested against other evidence the best informed, and in short there need be no hesitation in accepting it as accurate on matters of Geatic history. (Beowulf and the seventh Century, p. 71) Against so great a parade of witnesses, what can one say? Surely this illustrious and scholarly group must, in their collective opinion, over-whelm the most skeptical critic of the historical view of Beowulf. Yet, when one 1.1... » .. 411m. 6 examines the evidence more closely, what is so apparent to the historicists. becomes far less apparent, even to the point where an historical view may be considered extremely shaky, even doubtful. The whole structure of the histori- cal view rests on rather fragile and contradictory evidence; further, to insist that the poet is an historian is to mis— understand how the poet works. When one marshalls all the evidence, and considers all the arguments on both sides of the issue (i.e. whether Beowulf is historical or not), the overwhelming weight of argument lies on one side-—that the poem Beowulf does not accurately reflect history, nor should it be considered a reliable historical source, but must be regarded as embodying traditional heroic stories about people who may or may not have existed. The historicists base their arguments on three sources: Gregory of Tours' Historia Francorum, the Libgg Historia Francorum, and the 22 Monstris gt Belluis £2223, better known as £3233 Monstrorum. It is these works, then, that we must examine if we are to question the view of Beowulf as an historical document. We can immediately dismiss 2g Monstris g; Belluis Libgg as proving the continental raid of Hygelac as it more recently has been identified as coming from an English source. As such, it reflects English traditions about Hygelac, possibly derived originally from the same group of traditions that Beowulf poet himself drew from. The Huiglaucus, Huncglaco, Huncglacus of this work could be a 7 . Latinizing of either the AS Hyg(e)1ac or the ON Hugleikr, but is highly unlikely as a Latinized Frankish form, where ~ we could expect something like Chugilaicus. The statement that this "rex Huiglaucus" ruled the "Getis" also follows a tradition not found outside of England. More recently, Jane Leake in her well-researched book Th3 Eggtg 9: Beowulf (pp. 123-125) has demonstrated convincingly that the author of Libs; Monstrorum was drawing from patristic and classical traditions in portraying Hygelac,a member of the "Getaef as being monstrously huge. When we examine the forms of the name given in Gregory of Tours' Historia Francorum (Chlochilaico, Chlochilaicum, Chrochilaicho, Chlodilaichum, Hrodolaicum), we find that they do not correspond to the AS Hygelac. Both Hroclac and Hloolac are more likely forms, and even Hroolac is possible. The earliest form which could possibly corre- spond to Hygelac was written 200 years later in the Libgg Historigg Francorum. There it appears as Chochilaico, Chrochilaico, Chohilaico, Chochilago, etc. Forstemann, however, places this along with Egg, Hggh, 5293 (col. 861). Moreover, Forstemann concludes, "Dazu auch wol der Danen- konig Chochilaicus Greg. Tur.; gest. reg. Franc." (Altdeutsches Namenbuch, col. 861) Another major detail which the historicist must explain away is that both Gregory and the unknown author of Liber Historiae Francorum identify Chlochilaico as a Danish king. Axel Olrik in his Heroic Legends 9: Denmark v \-. _\ -. _ ----..- —'7-~4———j—-v ” ,Ir @: 'r 8 accepts this identification. He states: ...we find that it is just in the beginning of the sixth century that the first contact of Danes and Franks took place. In the year 516 the King of the Danes Hugleik undertook his viking expedi— tion against the Hetvarii, who lived at the mouth of the Scheldt, and suffered a reverse at the hands of the Merovingians. There were some other conflicts of this nature later in the same century, but not after its end. (p. 275) Starcke also points out that "the Eruli disappear from the scene of European history and the Danes suddenly appear in all their fame and glory around 500 A.D." (p. 72) In addition, when we examine Danish kings‘ lists, we find Huglekar, Hughlek, etc. frequently included (in thirteen different lists). Certainly the Danish historians con— sidered Hygelac a Danish king, whatever the traditions they were drawing from. Though it is possible that they merely added a famous heroic personage to their kings' lists, some— thing early chroniclers were prone to do in their desire to make the kingly lines more impressive, no memory of a Geatish Hygelac remains outside of English sources. The Hygelac of Beowulf, being a Geat, reflects the English tradition. The great bulk of the evidence, however, would seem to support Gregory's identification of Chlochilaico as a Danish king, if we were to grant that Chlochilaico was a misreading for the Frankish form of Hygelac. As it is, both identifications must remain a matter of conjecture rather than of history, while taking the Chlochilaico of Gregory for the Hygelac of Beowulf must be regarded as highly unlikely. ‘_ 9 Most critics who adopt the historical view of Beowulf consider Gregory's identification of Chlochilaico as a Dane a clear error on Gregory's part. They argue that this is a natural enough mistake since the Danes are well- known while the Geats are almost unheard of. Yet, as Starcke points out, the Danes were almost unknown until the sixth century. Not only that, but Ptolemy already in the second century identifies the Geats as one of the great nations of Scandinavia and Procopius in the sixth century identifies the Gotar as an independent and numerous nation (lel. E233: II. 15). It is not as if the Geats were an . entirely unknown nation, never heard of before. Why then should Gregory know the name and not the nationality of Chlochilaico? Why should the Liber Historiae Francorum also call its Chochilaico a Dane? Perhaps it was because he was a Dane. We have no good reason to suppose Gregory was wrong on this point unless we set out with a preconceived idea of who Chlochilaico is and must make the facts bend to fit our theory. Another matter that the historicists emphasize is that the name of the peoples involved in the raid overlap in the accounts given by the Beowulf poet and the Frankish historians. They point out that the Beowulf account mentions the Frisians, (B 2912, 2915) the Hetware, (B 2363, 2915) the Hugas (B 2502, 291k), the Franks (B 1210, 2915), The Merovingian (B 2921) and the Frisian king (B 2503). E Gregory, on the other hand, initially mentions the death .Lannihnfig IIII_._ ,, '- — .. .- fl .- .r u ... ya. o no- 10 of Clodovecho, the accession of his four sons Theudericus, Chlocomeris, Childebertus and Chlothacarius, and the name of Theudericus‘ son, Theudebertum (Lib. III, cap. I). He goes on to discuss the raid on Frankish territory (cap. III), giving only the names of those involved: Chlochilaicho, Theuderici, and Theudebertum, and one tribal name Dggi. To this the anonymous writer of the Liber Historiae Francorum adds the Attuarii. Neither Frankish source shows any know— ledge of Frisian involvement in the battle. The essential : points of agreement are that both accounts summarize a raid on Frankish territory (Gallias in Gregory), both include a member of the Merovingian dynasty (unnamed in Beowulf), and both mention a name which with some wrenching can be con- strued as Hygelac. As stated before, the accounts do not agree on the nationality of this supposed Hygelac. Now to conclude that both accounts refer to the same raid on the basis of these coincidences might be considered questionable. Anyone making a raid on Frankish territory while the Merovingian dynasty ruled was likely to confront a representative of that dynasty in battle, either some general or the king himself. The other people he battled would depend on the locality of the incursion. Consider an analogy. Suppose an Icelandic force were to land on the coast of the United States--whom would they meet? If they landed in Northern Maine, they would be met by some Maine natives and, eventually, elements of the U.S. Coast Guard 4 or U.S. Army. If they landed further south, they would more likely be met by some New Hampshirites, some Nine... ‘ 10 of Clodovecho, the accession of his four sons Theudericus, Chlocomeris, Childebertus and Chlothacarius, and the name of Theudericus' son, Theudebertum (Lib. III, cap. I). He goes on to discuss the raid on Frankish territory (cap. III), giving only the names of those involved: Chlochilaicho, Theuderici, and Theudebertum, and one tribal name Eggi. To this the anonymous writer of the Liber Historiae Francorum ‘ adds the Attuarii. Neither Frankish source shows any know- ledge of Frisian involvement in the battle. The essential points of agreement are that both accounts summarize a raid on Frankish territory (Gallias in Gregory), both include a member of the Merovingian dynasty (unnamed in Beowulf), and both mention a name which with some wrenching can be con— strued as Hygelac. As stated before, the accounts do not agree on the nationality of this supposed Hygelac. Now to conclude that both accounts refer to the same raid on the basis of these coincidences might be considered questionable. Anyone making a raid on Frankish territory while the Merovingian dynasty ruled was likely to confront a representative of that dynasty in battle, either some general or the king himself. The other people he battled would depend on the locality of the incursion. Consider an analogy. Suppose an Icelandic force were to land on the coast of the United States--whom would they meet? If they landed in Northern Maine, they would be met by some Maine natives and, eventually, elements of the U.S. Coast Guard or U.S. Army. If they landed further south, they would more likely be met by some New Hampshirites, some Au.iil§h_i III-II--_ ‘w”: 11 residents of Maine and, later, the U.S. Army. This is true whether the raid in question occurred in 1870 or 1970. Yet we would not identify a raid taking place in 1870 with one which occurred in 1970. The point is this: the Beowulf poet does not give the year of Hygelac's fatal raid. There- fore it could conceivably have occurred (if indeed it did occur) any time up to shortly before the poem was composed (ca. 750). Over such a time span, there could have been (and undoubtedly were) many raids into Frankish territory. Why should we then identify Hygelac's raid with Gregory's account, especially when they do not agree? Even in terms of probability, the raiders mentioned in Gregory are more likely to be, in fact, Danes, since the time coincides with the rise of Danish prominence in northern Europe, while the closer contiguity of the Danish kingdom to the Frankish kingdom in an age of few navigational aids argues for a Danish, rather than a Geatish, invasion. Finally, even if we grant that the name Chlochilaico were a misreading for the Frankish form of Hygelac, it still would not positively identify him as the Hygelac of Beowulf. 7 There is no reason to suppose that there weren't many other Hygelacs around. Not only do we find some form of the name Hygelac in a number of chronicles as well as in almost all ancient Danish kings' lists, but also for every one that is mentioned by some chronicler, there may be fifty or a hundred Hygelacs who lived but either were not mentioned tip the chronicles or whose record has been lost through the -u ‘IIIIIIIIII ravages of time or the accidents of history. 12 What, then, can we conclude about the Hygelac raid on Frankish territory? First, we must be aware of the contradictory nature of the evidence: too many details in the accounts do not correspond. Secondly, the bulk of the evidence supports Gregory's identification of Chlochilaico as a Dane. We have no good reason to suppose he was not a Dane. Thirdly, on the basis of linguistic and other grounds, a positive identification of the Hygelac of Beowulf with the Chlochilaico of Gregory cannot be made. Indeed, after close examination of the evidence, such an identification becomes somewhat doubtful. Only when one harbors preconceived ideas on the historicity of Beowulf can one draw such a conclusion from the conflicting accounts. THE DANES The first member of the Danish dynasty mentioned in Beowulf is Scyld ScEfing (B n). This name presumably means Scyld, son of Scéf or Scyld, descendant of Scéf. Now the AS name Scéafa is extant, for the most part, only in very old AS and 0N genealogies, where he is listed as the prede— cessor to Bedwig (Asser, ASChr., Prose Edda, Langfeba-tal), ' or father of Scyld (Ethelweard, W. Malmsbury, and Beowulf). In Widsith he appears in one of the catalogues as Scéafa, the ruler of the Longbeardum (1.32). Klaeber (p. 123) points out that Scéaf has no place in authentic Norse tradition, While Chadwick notes that "We have no evidence whatever for on‘ u. '--9 u.“ 13 the use of Sc§af as a personal name in England, or, so far as I am aware, in any Teutonic nation." (Origin 9: the English Nation p. 26%). Lawrence, in discussing the ancestry of Scyld, asserts: In the Anglo—Saxon Chronicle, and in certain of the Scandinavian royal genealogies, Heremod immediately precedes Scyld as his father. But in Beowulf Scyld is founder of the royal Scylding dynasty. In Saxo's history the father of Scyld is named Lotherus, and his career presents striking similarities to that of Heremod. (Beowulf and the Epic Tradition p. 83) Here again we see that the traditions are conflicting and contradictory. No sure conclusions can be drawn. Scyld, the son of Scéf also shows up in both Anglo—Saxon and Norse tradition. Again, however, his ancestry is unsure. He appears as son of Lother (Thomas Gheysmer, Saxo, and others), son of Coin (Langfeoga-tal, Skéldskaparmal, Ynglinga Saga ch. 5 and others), son of Bogi (Petrus Olavus Chron. Reg. Dan.), predecessor to Heremod (Asser, ASChr.), and successor to Heremod (Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 6). Olrik (The Heroic Legends 9: Denmark p. R29) states that "All Icelandic sources are agreed that Scyld was 0thin‘s son," but concludes that Scyld is "the eponymous founder of the race of the Scyldings," invented by the poets to explain the name of the people (p. Hal). He further asserts: There is no reason to suppose Scyld to be an historic personage, for he is not in any way connected with any known figure. No real event is associated with his name and the oldest .legend about him only expresses the conception that he is founder of the race. And not even this legend is intimately identified with his in existence but seems transferred to him from a still older progenitor. (p. Hui) Again no definite conclusions can be drawn in the face of the conflicting evidence. However, the name does not seem to be used by historical personages unless perchance one of the place names is derived from such a person. And that we have no way of finding out. The next figure in the Scylding dynasty, Beowulf the son of Scyld, appears in Northern genealogies as biaf called biar (DI I. 505) and Beaf (Langfeoga-tal): in AS genealogies as Beauu (Asser p. 3), Beau, Beowi (ASChr 855), Beowius (W. Malm. p. 121), and Beo (Athelweard p. 33). The full name Beowulf (0N Biuulf), however, is not to be found in either ON or AS sources as the son of Scyld. Chadwick, in commenting on this, states: More important is the occurrence of the name Beaw or Beo, the son of Scyld. This person... clearly corresponds to the first Beowulf of the poem, who, like both his father (Scyld) and his son (Healfdene), is represented as king of the 'Danes. (Origin 9; Egg English Nation p. 273) Klaeber (P. 125) agrees with Chadwick in stating, "That this form of the name (Esowulf) is an error for Béow is likely enough." Yet it is strange that there should be no mention of this Danish King Beowulf in the surviving heroic literature of Scandinavia when both his father Scyld and his son Healfdene are well known. Curious also is the fact that neither the name Scyld nor the name Beowulf alliterates with those of the rest of the Danish dynasty. The name Beowulf is borne both in AS and in ON by historical persons, 15 but the poet seems rather to draw from ancient genealogies and traditions in calling Béowulf the son of Scyld and King of the Danes. Healfdene, King of the Danes, bears an Anglo—Norse name, well known in Danish sources and frequent in Norwe- gian kings‘ lists, but extremely rare in CBS sources (only two noted in F6rstemann). The Beowulf poet identifies him as the successor to Beowulf, King of the Danes, in contrast to the Northern sources, which variously name him as son of Skjold (Sven Aggeson, Nornagests pattr), son of Frothi (Langfebga-tal, Reges Danorum and other genealogies), or son of R0 (Chronicon Lethrense et. al.). Because we have many Norse sources which disagree, many critics assume that Beowulf is correct, being earlier. Yet the Beowulf poet does not mention Healfdene's slaying by Froda, nor can we assume that all the ancient genealogies are more recent historically than the epic poem Beowulf. Indeed, some may predate the composition of Beowulf by many decades and thus reflect more accurately the ancient traditions. Healfdene himself should not be the son of Béowulf if Norse naming practices are to be trusted. Certainly the names of all Healfdene's immediate debendants alliterate with his name. , O The sequence Scef - Scyld - Béowulf, then, appears to be an interpolation, inserted into the Danish kingly line from an ancient genealogy, examples of such a sequence being found.in both AS and Norse sources. Healfdene himself seems to be a heroic figure, subject of many tales and legends, ,‘T'Frf' 17 Hodbroddus (ng2. S353, II. 5), by Athisl (Saxo II. 6”), and by Hrok (Sggg g: EEQl: Kggki, p. 19). He is identified as the son of Halfdan in Saxo, but as the son of Frothi in the Series Runica Altera, an ancient Danish genealogy. Hrobgar in Beowulf is portrayed as "the central figure of Danish tradition" (Klaeber, Introduction p. xxxi). He was known for his success in war, his raising of the splendid hall Heorot, and his long peaceful reign, according to the poet. Why then is he not more famous in ON and ODan sources? There Hrabgar is of little importance. Both Halga, who rates only a single mention by the Beowulf poet, and Hrooulf, mentioned twice, become much more prominent than Hroogar in later Scandinavian tradition. Ker (Epig Eng Romance p. 166) suggests that "Hrothgar is the generous king whose qualities were in Northern history transferred to his nephew Hrothulf (Hrolf Kraki), the type of peaceful strength, a man of war living quietly in the intervals of war." Though we may assume that the Beowulf poet is more accurate and truer to history, being earlier, there is no reason to suppose that much of what the Beowulf poet said about Hroogar was not also poetic license. The poet could well have characterized Hrabgar as the ideal king and thus have given him all the ideal attributes--, prowess in battle, long rule, a magnif- icent and noble court. Certainly the fifty year reign seems a fiction of the poet; he also attributes that length of rule to BEowulf the Geat. And if the poet is using poetic conVention here, might he not also be using poetic | a: 1‘ v' . if” 16 the principle one dealing with his conflict with Froda and the resulting feud between Danes and Heathobards. Heorogar, son of Healfdene and elder brother of Hrabgar, does not appear in Scandinavian sources. The name itself is Anglo-Germanic, though rare in AS. All memory of Heorogar seems to have been lost in Northern sources, al— though both name elements are extant and the ON Hjérgeirr is a distinctly possible name. The name is relatively common in OHG, however (50 entries in F6rstemann), and may have nothing to do with the Danish kingly line. The name of Hroogar, second son of Healfdene and king of the Danes, seems to be Norse-Germanic; it is rare and late in AS, extremely common in Anglo-Norman, where it appears as Roger. In the Northern references to this heroic Danish King, we find him listed as Hréarr, Roe, or R0. The ON Hroarr is not directly analogous to AS Hroogar but to Hr56here; this is most strange because Hroogeirr, the ON equivalent to Hroogar, is extant. In other ways, too, the Beowulf account differs from those of the Norse heroic legends. In Beowulf, Hroogar rules long and peacefully, his rule marred only by the incursions of Grendel and Grendel's mother, apparently dying peacefully after a reign of more than 50 years (the account of his death is not given by the poet). What happens after his death is the supposed usurpation of the throne by Hrobulf and the struggle between Hr56ulf and Hrébric. In the Northern sources, however, he is variously slain by the Swedish King rr" 17 Hodbroddus (figmp. §§§2~ II. 5), by Athisl (Saxo II. 6H), and by Hrok (Sggg 9: Egg}: EEEEE: p. 19). He is identified as the son of Halfdan in Saxo, but as the son of Frothi in the Series Runica Altera, an ancient Danish genealogy. Hrabgar in Beowulf is portrayed as "the central figure of Danish tradition" (Klaeber, Introduction p. xxxi). He was known for his success in war, his raising of the splendid hall Heorot, and his long peaceful reign, according to the poet. Why then is he not more famous in ON and ODan sources? There Hroogar is of little importance. Both Halga, who rates only a single mention by the Beowulf poet, and Hrobulf, mentioned twice, become much more prominent than Hroogar in later Scandinavian tradition. Ker (Epig 32g Romance p. 166) suggests that "Hrothgar is the generous king whose qualities were in Northern history transferred to his nephew Hrothulf (Hrolf Kraki), the type of peaceful strength, a man of war living quietly in the intervals of war." Though we may assume that the Beowulf poet is more accurate and truer to history, being earlier, there is no reason to suppose that much of what the Beowulf poet said about Hroogar was not also poetic license. The poet could well have characterized Hrabgar as the ideal king and thus have given him all the ideal attributes--, prowess in battle, long rule, a magnif— icent and noble court. Certainly the fifty year reign seems a fiction of the poet; he also attributes that length of rule to Baowulf the Geat. And if the poet is using poetic cénVention here, might he not also be using poetic 'Y"!r""wf'“" 18 convention elsewhere? Halga, the third son of Healfdene, only receives ' one passing mention in Beowulf, yet his is probably the single most famous heroic name in Northern sources. The name, extremely common in ON and ODan, occurs much less frequently in OHG and AS. Who Halga was and how he died, however, is impossible to determine. He is variously called successor to Haldan (Series ac Brev. Hist. Reg. Dan.), successor to R0 (Thomas Ghysmer), brother to R0 (Cat. Reg. Dan. Brev.), son of R0 (Chron. Lethrense, Annales Ryenses), son of Halfdan (Ynglinga Sag; ch. 29), son of Sigmundr (Helgi and Care, Volsunga Ségg p. 51ff), son of Sevi (Kaoro—lioé), and son of Hiorvard (Helgi and Svava). He bears the titles Hundingsbana (Volsunga §§g§,Saxo) and Haddingjaskaoi (Kaoro-liob). His death occurs when he falls on his sword (Saxo), when he hangs himself (Qhrgg. g: Ryg Abbgy), when he goes on a Viking expedition (Saxo, Skjoldunga Sggg), or when he is treacherously slain by Athisl in Sweden (§§gg 2: figglf Kggki). However, the Beowulf poet does not enlighten us with any other details, nor does the poet of Widsith or other AS sources. Why Halga and his son Hrobulf are so well known in Scandinavian tradition while remaining relatively unimportant or almost unknown in AS tradition remains a moot question. The identity of Halga remains equally uncertain. Likewise the name of Healfdene's daughter, presumably ~0nela's queen, is not known, nor is she discussed in Scandinavian heroic legend, though the Scylfing-Scylding We 19 feud must certainly be as complicated and interesting as the Scylding-MeadowBard feud, with which it is directly ' parallel. . Heoroweard (ON Hjorvarbr), whom the Beowulf poet 1 identifies as son of Heorogar is not recognized either as son of Heorogar or as nephew of Hroogar in Northern sources, nor is he recognized as cousin to Hroéulf in either Saxo or Egg Sggg g: Hrglf Kggki. Instead he is seen as son-in-law to Hrolf (Hr56ulf) who later attacks Hrolf‘s hall and slays Hrolf and all his champions, an attack not mentioned in Beowulf, which instead sees the threat as coming from Ingeld and the Heabo-Bards. Other sources identify him as count of Scania (Chron. Lethrense), as Hrolf's tributary king in “land (Skjoldunga Saga), as a king of the Goths (Saxo), or _‘.—_- - as king in Norway (Helgi and Swava, CPB II. 526). The name itself is peculiarly Scandinavian unless the AS Hereward, OHG Heriward is considered an analogous form. Hrébric (ON Hroerekr), the son of Hroogar, is not recognized as a son of Hrdarr (Hrobgar) in Norse sources. Contemporaneous to Hrolf, he generally takes as an appel- lation either hnoggvanbaugi or sléngvanbaugi, but is iden— tified as son of Ingjaldr Starkabarfostri (Hversu Noregr I bygbist), son of Hdther (Thomas Ghysmer et al.), son of L Bok (Saxo), son of Haraldr Hilditann (DI I. 505), son of .Halfdan (Langfebga—tal) and grandson of Halfdane (Saga 2: 5301; Kraki, chap. 11), the father of Frooi (Landnama—boc V. 31?, father of Haraldr Hilditonn (Njal's Saga, Hyndluliod), 1 gnu king of Denmark. Saxo (II. 75) relates how Roluo slew 20 Roricus: Beowulf does not mention Hrooulf's killing of Hrébric. Nor does Saxo recognize Roricus as the son of Roe or as nephew of Roluo. The name itself is Norse- Germanic, rare and very late in AS. Hraomund (ON Hrémundr), the second son of Hrabgar, is not well known in Scandinavian tradition. There seems to be no knowledge of Hrémundr, brother of Hroerekr in northern sources. The Beowulf poet alone identifies him as a Scylding, son of Hroogar. A possible reference to him occurs in both Fornaldar sogur II. 7 and the paraphrase of Hyndla's Lay, where he is called Hromundr berserker, son of Hrolfr. Again, we cannot be sure who is following the more accurate tradition or whether Hroomund belongs to the Scylding dynasty at all. The name Hroomund is pan—Germanic, infrequent in AS, rare in ODan, but relatively common in CBS as the name of historical persons. In Scandinavian sources, it appears as both a heroic and historical name. Franaru, who, according to the Beowulf poet, was the daughter of Hroogar and pledged to marry Ingild, prince of the Heaoobards, bears a name almost non-extant outside of Beowulf. The name is entirely possible, the first element Frea— appearing in ancient AS genealogies, the second element being very common in AS feminine names (see LVD, Nomina Abbatissarum et Reginarum) Boehler (Die Altenglischen Frauennamen p. 2H6) considers it an anglicized Danish name. Naumann (p. 182) states that Fréawaru could well be’Freyvor and notes that Frey- is especially 21 east-horse (Danish). Whatever the case, since women's names were not recorded nearly as often as men's names in AS and OHG sources, we find only one analogous form extant, and that is the masculine Freioverus. The name does not appear in Scandinavian sources. . Hrobulf, identified by the Beowulf poet only as kinsman of Hroogar, but by Scandinavian sources as son of Halga (0N Helgi), bears an extremely common pan—Germanic name. Mentioned only twice in Beowulf, Hrooulf (ON Hrolfr) plays a very prominent role in Norse legend, so prominent in fact that one wonders why the Beowulf poet doesn't devote more space to him and his exploits. Girvan in his Beowulf gag Egg Seventh Century (p. 67) states: "The Hrothwulf of Beowulf is far removed from the Hrolf of Scandinavian tradi- tion, who is more akin to Hrothgar and most likely has in fact taken over some of his uncle's characteristic traits." Nor do the Scandinavian sources even agree among themselves. Saxo (II. 75) relates how Roluo slew Roricus (AS Hreoric); Sven Aggeson (ch. 1) sees Rokil Slaghenback as Hrolf's son and heir. In Chron. Lethrense ch. 8, Rolf has a posthumous son Frothi. In Sven Aggeson (ch. 1) Rolf succeeds his father Helghi; in Chron. Lethrense (ch. 7) he takes the throne after Snyo and Rachi. He is succeeded by Hiarward (in Series ac. Brevior Hist. Reg. Dan. et. al.); but is followed by Hotherus in Comp. Saxo III. 1. Hiorvarthr is not recognized as cousin to Hrolf in either Saxo or the Saga, nor does Saxo recognize Roricus as nephew to Roluo. 22 The B22321: poet, in addition, fails to mention Hr56ulf's killing of HrEdric, though this apparently occurs later in the Scylding story than the time span the poet is dealing with. That Athils' warriors should attack Hrolf's band (S353 g£_fl£gl£.fir§§i p. 66) also seems most strange, since it was Hrolf and his champions (namely Boovar Biarki and crew) who supported Athils (AS Eadgils) in his attack on Ali to bring him (Athils) to the throne in the first place, according to other Norse accounts. To sum up the Scyldings, most of the names mentioned by the Beowulf poet are good AnglosNorse names, familiar in both England and the Scandinavian lands. Exceptions to this are Scaf, who bears an AS name, extant only in ancient genealogies and king’s lists; Heorogar, whose name appears to be Anglo-Germanic though rare in AS; and Fréawaru, whose name is extremely rare outside of Beowulf, not found in Scandinavian literary or historical sources at all. In addition, the name of Scyld is to be viewed with some suspicion: since he appears only as a very early figure in ancient genealogies, he could well have been invented to explain the epithet Scylding, which was attributed to the Danes. The other problems that the various members of the Scylding dynasty present have been previously discussed. THE GEATS When we consider the Geatish names from Beowulf, we find quite a different problem: most seem to be entirely un- known in the North. As Girvan puts it: ...Scandinavian tradition preserves no record of the Geatic kingdom, and consequentially none of those wars of Geats and Swedes which figure prominently in Beowulf. (Beowulf and the Seventh Century, p. 63) Girvan further asserts: Scandinavian saga preserves no recollection of the Geat dynasty, no identification of names which commands assent. (Beowulf and the Seventh Century, p. 70) A most interesting phenomenon, however, is that many of these names, unknown or lost in the North, are relatively common in OHG and AS sources. The earliest member of the Geat dynasty mentioned in Beowulf was Hreoel, king of the Geats, father of Hygelac, and grandfather of Esowulf, the hero of the poem. Hreoel, according to the Beowulf poet, died from sorrow over the slaying of his son Herebeald by another son Hmbcyn. Scandinavian sources, however, exhibit no record of any king Hreoel, nor does his story appear in Northern sources even under other names. Klaeber (Introduction, x 1 n.) suggests that Hreoel is derived from Hrooil which becomes in ON Hrollr and is Latinized to Rollerus ("Regneri pugilis filius") in Saxo, Book V. Yet we have no evidence outside of Beowulf for the existence of Hygelac’s father King Hreoel, 23 21: although several instances of the name may be found in OHG sources. The name is basically Anglo-Germanic, not extant in the North. The Beowulf poet mentions Swerting as related to the Geat dynasty: Hygelac was called his "nefa," a term apparently meaning nephew or grandson. Of Swerting, little is known. Both Saxo and the Chronichon Erici Regis identify a certain Swerting, ruler of Saxony, who slew King Frothi, while Thomas Gheysmer merely identifies him as ruler of Saxony. The name is extant in both ON and relatively late in the AS sources, strangely lacking in OHG. Herebeald, the eldest son of Hreoel and a Geatish prince, was, according to the Beowulf poet, slain acciden- tally by his brother Ha6cyn. Again, Northern sources fail to confirm the story, there being no evidence outside of Beowulf that either supports the story or establishes his identity. The name appears frequently in OHG, somewhat less frequently in AS, sources. Though Naumann (Altnordische ‘Namenstudien, p. 180) insists that Herebeald could be a good Norse name, it is not extant in the North. Habcyn, the second son of Hreoel, and accidental slayer of his brother Herebeald, is also noted only by the poet of Beowulf, there being no extant outside source to confirm his having existed. Naumann suggests (Attnordische Namenstudien, p. 180) that Habcyn could really be ON Hookuor. This researcher, however, failed to discover this or any other analogous form in Scandinavian sources, finding the 25 name extant only in Beowulf and in OHG sources. The third son of Hreoel, Hygelac, who according to the poet later became King of the Geatas, bears a name apparently widely known in Germanic areas but with most occurrences in ODan sources. Saxo mentions a Danish King Hugletus in Book IV, and an Irish King Hugletus in Book VI, while the Ynglinga Saga tells about a certain Hugleikr, King of Sweden who is slain in an attack by the Danish King Haki (chap. 22, 25). In most Danish King's lists, however, he is considered a Danish king. Lawrence says about him: Hygelac, an authentic historical figure, is convincing enough as king, but he is less individualized than Hroogar, and hardly more than the typical sovereign. (Beowulf and Epic Tradition, p. 87) Of all the Geatish names, only Hygelac's is clearly extant in Northern sources. Scandinavian tradition, however, retains no memory of a Geatish Hygelac. The name itself is pan-Germanic, heavily ODan. Of the daughter of Hreoel, who apparently married Ecgbeow, we have neither the name, nor any confirmation outside of Beowulf. HeardrEd, the son of Hygelac, was very young at the time of his father's death, forcing Baowulf to form a regency while Heardréd grew up. As the poet relates it, Heardréd was later killed by Onela in a Swedish raid on the Geatish court. Lawrence states in discussing the Geatish dynasty "...Heardréd, a minor...was unable to maintain 26 himself against the Swedes, and against his southern enemies, led by the Franks, whom his father had stirred to bitter enmity" (Beowulf and Epic Tradition, p. 10%). The Franks, however, would pose no threat to the Geats; their coasts had been attacked by a Danish king. The real enmity lay between the Geats and the Swedes, if we accept, as the poet relates it, the continuing feud between these two neighboring peoples. No record of a Geatish HeardrEd, however, exists outside of Beowulf, nor is the name found in the North (except as the appellation Hardredi). An Anglo-Germanic name, Heardréd occurs fairly frequently in both OHG and AS historical sources. Heardréd's sister, who was given to Eofor in marriage as a reward for killing Ongenbéow, remains unnamed in Beowulf, unmentioned in other sources. Baowulf, the hero of the poem, son of Ecgbéow and nephew of Hygelac, is mentioned nowhere outside of Beowulf as king of the Geatas. That his name does not alliterate with his father's makes him suspect, even if we discount his fabulous adventures. Lawrence puts it this way: Baowulf, an imaginary person, swimming with Breca, an imaginary prince of an imaginary people, the Brondingas lands among the Finns... (Beowulf and Epic Tradition, p. 33) He states further: The hero was made nephew to King Hygelac of the Geatas, an indisputably historical character, and the troll adventures were laid at the court of an equally famous contemporary Hrobgar of the Danes. (Beowulf and Epic Tradition, p. 2N7) 27 He goes on to add: Baowulf was, to be sure, given a father named Ecgtheow...who may have been historical, and he was further identified with the Geatic clan of the Waegmundingas, which was probably historical. (Beowulf and Epic Tradition, p. 2H8) Now that Hygelac the Geat was historical is not indisputable, nor do we have any evidence other than what the Beowulf poet says that Hygelac (ON Hugleikr) and Hr56gar (ON Hroarr, Hroe) were contemporaneous. Nor is there any strong reason to consider Breca or his tribe imaginary; he and his tribe are mentioned in Widsib, and his name may well be analogous to the OHG Bricco, Bricho, AS Brekka. Whether Beowulf was an imaginary person or not is unsure: his story seems to be partially retold in both the Grettissaga and The Saga gf 133g; _Kr_‘;a_l_<_i;_. The name BEowulf is extant in both AS and ON; dubious in OHG. Concerning Ecgbéow, Weohstan and Wiglaf, we cannot be sure they are Geats, though they are related to Esowulf, a member of the Geat dynasty. Ecgpeow marries into the Geatish royal line, but is not necessarily a Geat. WEOhstan and Wiglaf are Wégmundings, which may or may not be part of the Geatish people, though this is doubtful since Wiglaf (or possibly his father Wachstan) is also called "leod Scylfinga" (B 2603) or man of the Scylfings. As such, he is of Swedish, rather than Geatish, ancestry. What can we conclude, then, about the Geats? Girvan claims that "The Geat material is more purely historical, less subject throughout to the intrusion oL poetical motives" 28 (Beowulf and the Seventh Century, p. 69). When we look at fiVT the evidence, however, we find that Geatish history is entirely absent from Scandinavian sources, and that most of the names in the Geatish ruling family are entirely unknown in the North, but turn out to be fairly common Anglo—Germanic names, found frequently in OHG and AS sources. Though Girvan claims historical basis for "the Geat material," there is no outside confirmation of the Geat dynasty unless one accepts the dubious identification of Gregory of Tours' account of a Danish raiding party with the Beowulf poet's version of Hygelac's death. What still is unclear is just who the Geats were, what their connection with the Ostro-goths and the Visi-goths was, if any, where they lived, and whether they were a Scandinavian tribe at all. The evidence of the names would seem to point to a continental Germanic, rather than a Scandinavian, location for the Geatish nation. Jane Leake has argued cogently that the Geats were in fact, a mythical nation, associated with the Scythians and the Amazons, shifting from north of the Black Sea to Scandinavia in classical and patristic sources. Smithers sharply attacks this view (Durham University Journal, March 1971), contending that the earlier identification of Geats with the Gautar of southern Sweden was correct. 29 THE SWEDES Of the members of the Swedish royal dynasty mentioned in Beowulf, most bear well—known heroic names. Carl Hallendorff and Adolf Schflck even go so far as to claim "...four Uppsala kings...may be considered as truly historic: Egil, also called Angantyr, his sons Ottar and Ale, and Adils the son of Ottar." (History 2: Sweden, p. 12) Ingvar Andersson, another Swedish historian, puts it this way in his discussion of Beowulf and Swedish history: Still, it is here that personalities in Swedish history are mentioned by name for the first time—-Angantyr, Ale, Ottar, and Adils, to give the Early English names their Swedish equivalents. It is significant, too, that of these, Ottar, Adils, and Ale are also mentioned in the Ynglingatal..." (History gf_Sweden, p. 12) Later, he asserts: Thus for all their legendary character, the existence of these Svear Kings has a strong factual basis. (A History 9: Sweden, p. 12) Ongenbéow (ON Angantyr) is the earliest Swedish king noted by the Beowulf poet, supposedly the father of Ohthere (ON Ottarr) and Onela (ON Ali). Yet we have little evidence outside of Beowulf for a Swedish King Ongenbéow; only in Widsith (line 31) do we find him mentioned as a famous king of the Swedes. No King Angantyr appears in Swedish historical sources, nor is anything mentioned in Ynglinga-tal about the deeds of any King Angantyr. There his place in the kingly line is taken by a certain Agli (translated Egil), a Skilfinga who meets his death being gored by an ox (CPB I. 297). According to the Beowulf poet, 30 Ongenp§ow was slain in the Battle of Ravensholt; the corresponding battle in the Ynglinga Saga takes place at Vendel in Jutland, where it was Ohthere, not Ongenbéow, who was slain. Moreover, the Geats of Beowulf have been replaced by Jutes and Danes as enemies of the Swedes in the saga. Though Angantyr appears to be entirely unknown in Swedish sources, other Norse sources retain some record of a king bearing this name. Willibrord, famous missionary to the Frisians, mentions a Danish King Ongendus as early as 710. The Chronichon Anscharius identifies a Danish Angandeo, brother to King Hemming (fl. 810). Mercian genealogies place him in Anglian King's lists as son of ’Offa I, the great continental Anglian king. Hlod and Anganpeow's Lay identifies him as ruler of the Goths (CPB I. 399). He also appears in Norse poetry as a great champion and a berserk (CPB I. 16uff). The name itself is pan- Germanic with a Norse emphasis. Although Klaeber considers him to be historical, identifying him with Egill and stating that "Egill (OngeanOw) was laid in mound in Old Uppsala about 510" (Introduction, p. xlv), this identification is unlikely since the names do not correspond phonemically and there is an extant Norse name which does nearly correspond with AS Ongenp50w. Naumann considers the name to be derived from mythology (Altnordische Namenstudien, p. 177) Ohthere, the son of Ongenbéow, father of Eadgils and Eanmund, next succeeded to the Swedish throne, according to the Beowulf poet. Ohthere (ON Ottarr) is well known in 31 Swedish sources, appearing in both the Ynglinga-tal and the Ynglinga Sggg. Klaeber again views him as historical, mentioning the "...Ottarshogen at Vendel, Uppland...con- taining the ashes of Ottarr (Ohthere) buried there about 525-530 A.D." (Introduction, p. xlv). However, in contrast to the Beowulf version, where the struggle is either internecine or between the Swedes and the Geats, the Swedish tradition makes the struggle between Danes and Swedes, or Norwegians and Swedes. In the Ynglinga Saga (chap. 27) Ohthere is slain by King Fréoi of the Danes, and having a blood eagle carved on his back, is called Ottarr vendilkréka. The Ynglinga-tal lists him after Agli, stating that he was killed by the Danes in war at Vendli (CPB I. 2H8). Named as son of Ongenbéow in Beowulf, he is seen as son of Egill in Norse genealogies. Ohthere bears a pan—Germanic name, though the occurrences in England deal mainly with people of Norse extraction. Next of the Swedish kings is Onela, who, according to the Beowulf poet, usurped the throne from Eadgils (ON Adils) and Eanmund (OHG Aunimund), later slaying Eanmund at the Geatish court to which he had fled for sanctuary. Girvan, in discussing these particular episodes, maintains: The narrative of the later war, embracing Onela's attack on his nephew sheltering at the Geat court, and issuing in the death of one nephew_Eanmund and with him of the Geat King Heardred, followed by the reprisal of the surviving nephew Eadgils aided by Beowulf now king, and the establishment of Eadgils on the Swedish throne is all straightforward history..." (Beowulf and the Seventh Century, p. 70) 32 Again in taking this historical stance, Girvan blandly ignores all the problems and contradicitions between the various sources. First, ON Ali does not correspond linguise tically to Onela, while OHG Anila, Anulo certainly does. Moreover, Ali is neither recognized as belonging to the Swedish royal family in Northern sources, nor is he con- sidered a brother to Ottarr, but is made a Norwegian king (Ynglinga Saga, ch. 29). Nor is the kinship of Adils and Ali recognized; they are merely seen as enemies (Ynglinga—tal 107, CPB I. 2H8). In Nornagests pattr ch. 8, Ala Konung is slain by Starkabr; other Norse sources report him killed by Abils at the battle of Lake Vaner. Another question arises when the Beowulf poet supposedly informs us that Healfdene's daughter, unnamed, is Onela's queen. If this is the case, then Onela has theoretically allied himself with the Danes. Yet in a later Norse source, the Saga 9: Hrolf Kraki, we find Hrolf sending his champions to support Adils against Ali. I suppose this is not extremely strange or unusual behavior if we consider the Finnsburh episode or the tale of Ingeld, yet it does raise some questions. Why doesn't the poet make more of the Danish-Swede feud? If such a feud existed, it directly paralleled the Danish- Heaoobard feud played up in the Ingeld episode with such dark forebodings. Whatever the case, Onela is not a Norse but an OHG name, there also being no AS Onela outside of Beowulf. Eanmund, son of Ohthere, a Swedish prince who according 33 to the poet was later slain by Onela's forces in his raid on the Geatish court, receives little or no mention in the north. Klaeber asserts that though the memory of Eanmund is "all but lost," "he may be recognized...in the Eymundr of Hyndluljop 15 (par. H) with whom Halfdanr (the represen- tative of the Danes) allies himself and in the ...Hdmothus of Saxo" (Introduction, p. xliii). Despite Klaeber's claim, however, no analogous ON form has been found. The Norse form theoretically should by Aunmundr, a name completely possible since both Aun— and —mundr are extant Swedish name elements. Though the analogous form fails in the North, however, it does appear relatively frequently in OHG sources as Aunimund, Aunemund. Another problem with Klaeber's identification is that ON Eymundr is never mentioned in conjunction with Abils. In addition, the Hdmothus of Saxo turns out to be slain by Hygelac in naval battle (Saxo IV. 17), rather than by Wachstan in Onela's raid. Klaeber also mentions another possible corresponding name from the Swedish royal line, Aun, stating, "it has been proved beyond reason- able doubt that ...Aun was laid in mound in Old Uppsala about 500 A.D" (Introduction, p. xlv). That this is the Eanmund of Beowulf, however, seems highly dubious since Aun precedes both Egill and Ottarr in ancient Swedish king's lists. In Fornmanna Sbgur X. 198, we find an Aunundr Sviakonungr who flourished ca. 870. The Heimskringla also recognizes a very late king Emundr of Sweden who flourished about the time of Olaf enn Helge (ca. 10u7). Naumann claims 3H that the name Eanmund came about through a misunderstanding of ON Aunundr (Altnordisqhg Namenstudien, p, 180), Yet when all is said and done, the evidence identifies it as an AnglonGermanic name, questionable in the North. The other son of Ohthere, Eadgils, raises similar problems. For one thing ON Adils, who is commonly identified with Eadgils, does not bear a completely corresponding name; instead, we should expect Aubgisl or Auogils, forms which we find both in OHG and in late ON literature (see Fms II. 80ff. ca. 1000). Other problems occur when we compare Beowulf with the Scandinavian versions of the story. In Beowulf, Eadgils, with the help of the Geats, deposes his uncle Onela and takes the Swedish throne. Some Scandinavian sources, on the other hand, show Adils overthrowing Ali with the help of Hrolf Kraki and his Danish retainers, including Bothvar Biarki. In Ynglinga—tal Adils died from a fall off his horse; in Comp. Saxonis II. 7 Atislus is struck down in battle by Biarko; in Saxo IV. 1M0 and Chron. Erici Regis an Athislus is slain by Keto and Wigo. In Beowulf Eadgils was a Swedish prince; in Widsith Eadgils was a king of the Myrgingas. Nor do Scandinavian sources recognize Ali (Onela) as kinsman of A5118 (Eadgils) but merely as his enemy; in Ynglinga-tal, he is called "the renowned enemy of Anila" (translation, CPB I. 2H8). Other details are equally puzzling. The Beowulf poet does not discuss the relations between the Danish and Swedish courts while Northern sources discuss them extensively. According to the Northern 35 tradition, Hrolf and his champions supported Abils' accession to the throne, and Adils later marries Yrsa, Hrolf‘s mother and sister, yet treats Hrolf as an enemy when he visits the Swedish court. All of this intrigue goes unreported in Beowulf which attributes Eadgils' restoration to Baowulf and the Geatish court. Yet, here too, the Geats fear retribution from the Swedes after the death of Esowulf. Though the Beowulf poet deals with per- haps an earlier period of Danish tradition, he does not predict future conflict between Swedes and Danes, as he does between the Danes and Heaoo—Bards. The name itself is found throughout Germanic speaking areas, though it must be considered predominantly Norse, if we accept Aoils as an analogous form. Klaeber, who holds Adils to be an histori— cal figure, states that "...it has been proven beyond reasonable doubt that actually Adils (Eadgils) ..." was "...laid in mound in Old Uppsala about 575..." (Introduction, p. xlv). However, in view of all the other contradictions, such an assertion must be viewed with caution. How well does the Beowulf poet do with the Swedish royal family? It is hard to determine. If the Scandinavian traditions are accurate, Egill, not Ongenpeow, is the father of Ohthere, Onela does not belong to the Swedish royal line at all, and Eanmund, a questionable member of the dynasty, is either an earlier or much later king than Ohthere. Only Ohthere and Eadgils appear to be genuine Swedish kings, and even their stories somewhat contradict what the poet tells 36 us. Was the famous battle at Hrafnsholt or at Vendil? Was Egill or Ohthere the victim who later became known as Vendil— kraka? Was Ohthere's father named Egill or Angantyr? Was Eanmund known in the north as Aun, Onundr, Eymundr, or none of these? Did he belong to the Swedish line at all? If we assume the Beowulf poet is correct, then the northern traditions are a mass of confusions, contradictions, gaps in knowledge, and inaccurate additions. What the evidence does show is that the name Angantyr is not extant in Sweden, and that Eanmund and Onela are OHG, rather than ON, names. As such, they cast some doubt on the accuracy of the poet, at least in his names. Whether or not he was also inaccurate on his traditions concerning the members of Swedish royal family cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. All we can say with certainty is that the Anglo-Saxon traditions do not agree, for the most part, with those of the North. THE HEAoO-BARDS Froda, the Heado-Bard chief and father of Ingeld, makes frequent appearances in Norse tradition and literature, so much so that it becomes increasingly unclear who he really was. According to the Beowulf poet, he was involved in some kind of blood feud with the Danes, a feud the marriage of Ingeld to Fréawaru was apparently designed to patch up (B 2020-2029). The later Norse sources identify him as the slayer of Halfdan (Saga 2: Hrolf Kraki, ch. 1), who in turn ...-p u ‘4‘ a... uv 37 is slain by Halfdan's sons Helgi and Hrdarr (Sggg pf Hgglf Kraki, ch. 9). Unfortunately, this isn't the only Norse tradition: in other sources he is identified as father of Haldanum and Ro (Comp. Saxo. II. M), son of Frithlef (Series Runica Altera and other genealogies), son of Hroerekr Hnaggvanbaugi (Langfeoga-tal), son of Scyld (Sven Aggeson, ch. 1), and son of Hadding (Incerti Auctoris Gen. Reg. Dan.). He is considered to be the slayer of Hama (Chron. Erici Regis), the slayer of Hanevus (Comp. Saxo V. S), the slayer of Ottarr (Ynglingatal, Ynglingasaga, ch. 31): to have been killed by Swerting (Saxo VI. 232) and by the sons of Swerting (Chron. Lethrense, ch. 9) as well as the aforemen- tioned Helgi and Hrdarr. The only conclusion which can be drawn out of such a mass of conflicting evidence is that the stories have become rather confused in the North where even the Heabo—Bards are forgotten, Froda and Ingeld having been transmuted into Danish kings in the Scandinavian materi- al. Whether the Beowulf poet was accurate historically cannot be determined; the Northern traditions are too contradictory to give much support to any particular story. The name Froda itself appears to be pan—Germanic with a distinct ODan emphasis. The other prominent figure in this tribe, Ingeld, the son of Froda and prince of the Heaoo—Bards, is identified in both Beowulf and Widsith as a Heaoo-Bard, but in Scandinavian sources as a Dane. In Beowulf, it is Ingeld who will attack Hroogar‘s hall; this is confirmed by Widsith 38 where Hrobgar and Hrapulf defeat their assailants. In the Saga gf‘Hrolf Kraki, however, it is Hiarward who successfully attacks Heorot, slaying Hrolf and all his men. Again, whereas Widsith reports the attack to have been repulsed by Hrobgar and Hropulf, in Saxo, Ingeld successfully carries out his revenge. In Beowulf, Ingeld marries Freawaru, the of the Danish king, Hroogar; in Saxo, Ingellus marries the daughter of the Saxon king Swerting, the slayer of his father. Both Anglo-Saxon and Northern traditions pretty well agree that Ingeld was the son of Froda (ON Frooi) while in the North he often also bears the eponym starkaOarfostri. The name itself is pan-Germanic, especially well known in Scandinavian tradition. The only other Heaéo-Bard mentioned in Beowulf, Wibergyld, carries a name extant only in Widsith and OHG outside of the poem. Though the simplex form Vicarr appears in the North, I found no compound form analogous to Widergyld. Since this is so, it must be considered an Anglo—Germanic name. The ON name Ingialldr, which might be construed to contain the second element—gyld, more probably is derived from the elements Ingi- and -valdr. What then can we conclude about the Heaoo—Bards? Both Froda and Ingeld hold extremely well known Norse names. Their stories, however, are confused and obfuscated by the contradictions found in Norse tradition. Indeed, Froda seems to have split into thirteen different kings, each with his own ancestry and descent, each having various stories 3“ 4i‘ e-J :i-Iv it no. Up. -v.o .‘p. «‘1: , ‘sn. - '1... ('II ". 39 associated with him. This, along with his somewhat suspi— cious name (The name means "old and wise"), makes him a somewhat questionable figure. As for Ingeld, he bears a well known name, one which holds wide currency in both Northern and Anglo—Saxon lands. The third Heaoo—Bard mentioned by name, Widergyld, may or may not have borne an ON name; it is no longer extant in the North. The evidence, then, is inconclusive. THE WEGMUNDINGS We are given little information about the Wagmundings outside of Beowulf. WEOhstan, the father of Wiglaf, bears a name common in AS sources, less frequent in ODan and ON sources. The northern sources tell us nothing about the Wthstan of Beowulf. Since his name alliterates with the family name Wégmunding, he cannot be regarded as an inter— loper, yet all memory of him seems to have been lost in the North. Wiglaf, according to Lawrence, "...looks like a geniune member of the Wegmunding clan" (Beowulf and the Epic Tradition, p. 2H8). Ker (Epic and Romance, p. 166) finds little more than "...the general and abstract qualities of the loyal servitor "in Wiglaf. Again the name appears frequently in AS sources, sparsely in ON and ODan sources. The ON Véleifr appears to be the correspond- ing form, though Vigleifr is also theoretically possible, both Vig- and -leifr being common name elements in the 140 North. Once again, the northern sources preserve no memory of the Wiglaf of Beowulf. EcngOw, another member of the Wigmunding clan, may not actually belong, since his name does not allit- erate with Wémund. His name may actually be drawn from mytho-heroic sources such as the Volsupa (CPB II. 629) in an attempt to give the hero Esowulf a more distinguished ancestry. The name itself appears to be Norse-Germanic with a heavy emphasis in OHG sources: it is not extant in AS outside of Beowulf. He seems to be remembered in the North as a heroic figure out of the misty past, being mentioned by Saxo (VII. 269) as "rex Biarmie et Finnensis," and noted as one of the builders of Norway in Fornalder Séggr II. 9, and appearing in heroic, rather than histori— cal, sources generally. The probability is that he is an interloper in the tale——the mytho—heroic father of the mytho-heroic Esowulf. For that matter, Beowulf himself seems out of place in the Wigmunding clan. His name does not alliterate with either that of his father EcgoEOW or of his clan. Perhaps the whole lineage of the Wégmundings is pure fabrication. Is it not possible that Baowulf was called a Wégmunding because of his great swimming prowess, that Ecoeow was brought into the story for his illustrious name, that the names WEOhstan and Wiglaf are used simply because they alliterate with Wégmund, that Wiglaf is brought into the tale to provide the old king-young king contrast seen in ul the first part of the tale? Eggpér of the Voluspa‘ (CPB II, 629) appears to be of much greater antiquity than Baowulf: his name survives, but his story seems to have been lost to Saxo and the later writers. In contrast, Esowulf's name seems to have been forgotten while his story, in various mutated forms, survives in The Saga pf Hrolf Kraki, Saxo, Skaldskaparmal, Bjarkarimur, the Grettissaga, Orms pattr Stordlfssonar, Samsonssaga and others. To Saxo, Eggbér is just a famous name, someone to be attached to some kingdom or another, whereas he recalls, in a distorted version, some of Baowulf's supposed deeds. Since a name may easily be preserved in a thula of an ancient poem or in a king's list, this argues for the greater antiquity of Ecgbéow (at least in comparison to Beowulf's story). What then can we conclude about the Wégmundings? If naming practices were consistently alliterative, Ecgoeow and Baowulf do not belong to the clan. The tribal name itself is somewhat suspicious (It is too appropriate to Beowulf, the champion swimmer), sounding more like an epithet than a personal name. Wiglaf, son of Weohstan, is necessary to the tale as successor and spiritual heir of Baowulf, serving also as a mirror to the ancient king, even as Beowulf mirrored Hr56gar in the first two episodes. The whole clan could have been fabricated by the poet. We cannot tell: since there is no outside confirmation of Wiglaf's and Wachstan's role in the tale, we cannot ascertain whether they have been conjured up by the poet or whether they I. 0-- 82 actually were part of a historical clan. As with the other tribes, one can never be sure who belongs and who has been inserted by the poet. THE ANGLES According to the Beowulf poet, Hemming’s kinsman Offa checked the abuses of Modthryoo (B 1999), and EomEr (ms geomor) awoke to Offa (B 1960), being also a kinsman of Hemming and "nefa Garmundes" (B 1962). Most scholars, following the AS and ODan genealogies, reconstruct the Anglian kingly line as Garmund-Offa—EomEr. However, the Beowulf poet actually identifies EomEr as the nephew of Garmund (Grandson is a questionable reading.), therefore making Garmund a brother to Offa. Both Eomer and Offa are called kinsman to Hemming (ms. hem ninges, heminges) but the exact relationship is not stated. A closer look at the AS and ODan genealogies doesn't help us. Offa's father is consistently called Wermund, rather than Garmund, in both traditions. In AS genealogies, Eomér is identified as the grandson of Offa, rather than son, either Angelpeow or Angengeat intervening. In ODan tradition, EomEr is completely forgotten; there either Dan or Olavus is named as Offa's son and Huglek is consistently identified as grandson (with the exception of Sven Aageson, who replaces Huglek with Frothi Senex). Hemming in the ODan genealogies is not associated with Offa and Wermund, being separated by better than thirty kings from the rest H3 of the Anglian line. Nor is he recognized at all by the AS kings' lists. He more likely recalls the slayer of Helgi's father mentioned in the Kaoroliob (CPB I. 198) and in Helgi's Lay (CPB I. 198—152). An interesting side note on Hemming is that he also is supposed to have set the boundaries at the Egdoram fluvium (Series EE Brevior Historia Reg. Danir, Gertz I. 162), this time with Charlemagne ca. 811. The mention of the Eider river recalls the earlier tradition where Offa supposedly defeated two Saxon champions to establish this river as a border between the Danes and the Saxons (Saxo IV. 139-93). In Widsith Offa ruled the Angles and drew the boundaries against the Myrgingas at Fifeldor (11. 35—92a): in Saxo and Sven Aageson Offa becomes a Dane and performs the deed ip Eydero fluvio (Comp. Saxonis IV. 7) ip Egdore fluminis (Sven Aageson chap. 3, Gertz I. 103) against the Saxones (Saxo) and the Teutonicus (Sven Aageson). Clearly, the AS and ODan traditions diverge on this point. It is apparent then, that the Beowulf poet's version of the Anglian kingly line does not agree with either the AS or the ODan genealogies; that Widsith, which usually reflects the English traditions, contradicts the ODan tradi— tions; that Beowulf alone draws a connection between Hemming and the Anglian royal family; that Eomér is forgotten in the ODan sources but is part of the AS tradition. What most of the sources, both Danish and AS, agree on is that Offa did establish some boundary against some hostile tribe and the uh. Wihtlag-Wermund-Offa sequence in the genealogies. The Beowulf poet makes no mention of either the boundary—setting story associated with Offa, or of Wihtleg; nor does he seem to recognize the exact relationships between Wermund (He calls him Garmund.), Offa, and EomEr. We could assume that the Beowulf poet is correct and all the other traditions are wrong, but since he stands alone against all other sources, there is little justification for that assumption. Here, as with the other noble families, the poet seems to be taking liberties, adding the distinguished heroic name of Hemming to the Anglian royal line, confusing the relationships of Wermund, Offa, and Eomér. It is possible that he is correct: however, the evidence from other sources does not support him. THE HALF-DANES The Beowulf poet's recounting of the Half-Danes present at Finnsburh shows Hildeburh, the daughter of Hoc; Hnaf, her brother; Hengest, the leader who takes over after Hnaf is slain; and Hunlafing, a Half-Dane warrior. Since Hnaf is also called a Scylding, (B 1069) and his people Here-Scyldings (B 1108), the poet seems to be claiming that they are in some way related to the Danish royal line. The revenge of Hengest and the final destruction of Finn and his warriors, then, reflects glory on Hroogar's court. However, if one looks at other sources, the picture becomes more confused. Mfillenhoff finds Hnaf and Hoc in the grandfather and great grandfather of Hildegard the wife MS of Charlemagne, men who bore the names Nebi and Huochingus (ZfdA xi. 282). If the genealogy in question is accurate and the identification is correct, it would place both Hnef and H50 in the early 8th century. The mention in Widsith 29 that Hnaf ruled the Hocingum reinforces the argument somewhat. Yet genealogies are very often untrust- worthy, as scribes consistently bring illustrious heroic names entirely foreign to the lineage into their king's lists and genealogies. In the Norse traditions Hoc is dimly remembered: he is noted as a sea king in a thula (CPB II. 490); in Ragnar's Saga and Halfs, his kinsmen (megir) are mentioned (CPB II. 358). Olrik notes that Hoeking was used as a sword name by Hastein Hromundarson, a young skald who was slain at the battle of Svoldr (Egg Heroic Legends 9: Denmark, p. 17). The name BBC is rela- tively common in both AS and OHG sources, but only a vaguely remembered heroic name in the north. The memory of Hnef is not much more distinct: while in Beowulf he is identified as a Scylding and chief of the Half-Danes, in Widsith he is seen as ruler of the Hocingum and the Finnsburh Fragment does not give his nationality. Northern traditions call him "a famous sea king" (CPB II. #29), an appellation that the poets appear to have given to famous heroic figures to which they could not ascribe any particular geOgraphical location. The Edda Skaldskapar-mal names him as a son of Halfdan (CPB II. 542), a confusion which may also be reflected in Beowulf. Saxo mentions a 46 certain Hanef, King of Saxony and enemy of Frotho IV, perhaps closer to the real truth since Hildegard was an Alamannic princess. The noneliterary references to Hocing and Hnaf occur most frequently in OHG sources (see Forstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch col. 861—2). Finn's wife Hildeburg, sister of Hnef and daughter of H5c according to the Beowulf poet, seems entirely unknown in the North, where we find no references to her. The name occurs rarely in AS sources, but is very common in THG. Hengest, the successor to Hnaf as leader of the Half- Danes, bears a name rarely found outside of AS sources, but well-known in AS traditions. He receives no mention in ON poetry or history, nor does he appear in OHG sources until very late (10u2). In AS tradition, he along with Horsa is given credit for the initial invasions of southeastern England and the founding of the kingly line in Kent. His relations with Vortigern, his treachery toward the British nobles, his successive conquests, all are amply recorded in the early histories of AS England. Only in Beowulf and the Finnsburh Fragment do we hear of the exploits of a Hengest apart from the coming of the Angles and Saxons to England. Some scholars persist in identifying the Hengest of the AS Chronicle and the Hengest of Beowulf as one and the same person. It is more likely, however, that Hengest has been imported into the Finnsburg story. He is nowhere else associated with BBC and Hnaf, and his legend seems entirely confined to England. 97 The other warrior mentioned, HGnlEfing, bears a Iraather AnglonGermanic name, with most occurrences appearing in AS or OHG sources. In the North, the name appears in the Skjoldungasaga (chap. 9) but otherwise remains unrecorded. This, along with the evidence of the other members of the Half-Danes, points to a continental Germanic, rather than Northern, orgin to the story. As we have seen, H5c, Hnaf, Hildeburg, and Hfinlaf find frequent mention in OHG; Mac, Hnaf and Hunlaf are obsurely remembered in the North; and only Hengest is confined to England. The Frisian King Finn bears an extremely well—known heroic name in both AS and ON sources (He appears in numerous genealogies as ancestor to Woden) as well as a popular name during the Viking period. What, then, can we conclude? The story of the Half- Dane conflict with the Frisian king Finn seems to be re— membered only in English tradition. Finn and Hengest are forgotten in OHG; Hildeburh and Hengest are not known in the North, and Hnaf and Hoc but vaguely remembered. Finn, because he is placed earlier than Woden in the genealogies, must have been only a name to the AS historians, while his legend was remembered by the poets. The Beowulfian and Eddic identifications of Hnaf as a Scylding and descendent of Healfdene seems unjustified unless the story is much later than the time of Hroogar's reign. Again the poet seems to have taken some liberties with the story, inserting a heroic Saxon leader Hengest into a conflict between 98 Half—Danes and Frisians, pushing the story back in time until it precedes the reign of Hroogar. In such a manner are epic poems composed. When reviewing the Beowulf poet's handling of the various tribal groups, then, we see that a historical read— ing of Beowulf is quite unjustified. He draws some of his personages from mythology-~Scyld, Sceaf, Beaw, Eggoér, and possibly Finn and Angantyr. About other characters such as Hrobgar, Froda, Eadgils, Onela, Hreoric, and Halga, we find conflicting and contradictory traditions in the North, traditions which also disagree with what the poet tells us. In addition, many of his names—-Heorogar, Hréoel, Herebeald, Eanmund, Onela, Heardréd, and Hildeburh—-turn out not to be Scandinavian names at all but OHG, while other figures such as Hnaf and H5c are but dimly remembered in the North. Some traditions the poet uses——the Geatish ancestry of Hygelac, the story of Hengest, the memories of the Wigmundings, the Brondings, and the Half—Danes, the inclusion of Eomér into the Anglian royal genealogy, the Heaoo-Bard-Danish feud-- seem to be an exclusively Anglo-Saxon heritage, either lost or unknown elsewhere. Can we trust what the poet tells us? Not entirely. As Turville-Petre tells us, "The heroic lays could not be called records of history; rather they present distorted memories of history" (The Heroic Age pi Scandinavia, p. 38). Lawrence points out that "Folk-tale and history are so closely interwoven...that we must be constantly on the alert for distortion of fact" (Beowulf ‘7 us and the Epic Tradition, p. 25). When we note the mytholog- ical names, when we confront the conflicting traditions, when we perceive that the Beowulf poet, has provided what appear to be non-Norse names for many of his characters, when many of the genealogies give the appearance of being contrived, when the poet utilizes traditions found only in England, then we must be cautious in accepting as straight history what he tells us. Much of what he says may be based on genuine traditions, yet much is also patently false-~the product of shifting traditions, faulty transmission, epic elevation, poetic invention, and perhaps even some political axe-grinding. The poet tells a good tale: in doing so, he manages to include most of the heroic figures known to his audience. His purpose is to glorify the past-~to relate to his audience their great heroic inheritance—~to show them that their ancestors performed worthy deeds of valor--to apprise them that they were descended from kings-~to foster national pride. At the same time, he shapes a well—wrought tale, using the various heroic stories as appropriate orna- mentation here and there, each minor motif reinforcing the main theme. Thus, while we may admire the poet's literary technique and enjoy the many stories he tells or refers to, we place ourselves in a precarious position if we take them to be more than they are-~traditional stories which have attached themselves to various heroic figures, often fabulous, often distorted by time and repeated tellings, often modified by the poet himself. Good literature it is: 50 accurate history it is not. ’. I CHAPTER II THE EVIDENCE In Chapter I, we looked at some of the arguments against viewing Beowulf as an accurate basis for historical conclusions. Chapter II presents the accumulated evidence of name occurrences before 1100 A.D. plus the place-names relating to the personal names in Beowulf. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CHAPTER II AB Ethelweard Amm. Marc. Anh. Annal SN anon. A. Plac. AS AS (Fn. entries) ASChr. ASPR Ass. Asser. Aslak Bolts Jordebpg. ed. Christiania, 1852. P. A Munch. The Chronicle 9f Athelweard. ed. Alistair Campbell. London, 1962. Ammianus Marcellinus Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus. ed. 0. v. Heinenamm. Parts I-VI. Dessau, 1867-1883. Annals of St. Neots anonymous Placitorum abbreviatio. Record Comm. 1181 Anglo-Saxon Acta Sanctorum. collected J. Bollandus et al. Antwerp, Bruxell, et Tongarloae 1693ff. Anglo—Saxon Chronicle Anglo-Saxon Poetic Record Assize Rolls (Rolls 9: the Justices £2 Eyre for Yorkshire, 1218-19. ed. Doris M. Stenton. Selden Soc. 56, 1937. Rolls 9f the Justices $2 Eyre for Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and Staffordshire 1221, 1222, ed. DEBTS M. Stenton. Selden Soc. 59, 19u0). Asserius. Qg_Rebus Gestis Alfredi. ed. W. H. Stevenson. Oxford, 1909. 51 Bates Athel. Reg. Bates Much. Cart. BCS Bd, Bedf. BG ma. Bib O BK Bk, Buck. BM Brav Brk, Berks. c. ca. Ca, Cambr. Cal. Inq. Cassiod. cat. ch. 52 (Beowulf) Beowulf and the Fight at Finnseburg. ed. Fr. Klaeber.3rd ed. Boston, 1968. The Cartularies of E. H. Bates, ed. __ Somerset Muchelney and Athelney Abbeys. Record Soc. 1899. The Cartularies of E. H. Bates, ed. __ Somerset Muchelney and Athelngy Abbeys. Record Soc. 1899. de Gray Birch, ed. Cartularium London: 1885-93. Walter Saxonicum 3 vols. Bedfordshire Quellen zur beyerischen und deutschen geshichte. Vol. 1—9. Mfinchen 1856-1869. J. F. Bohmer. Urkundenbuch der reichsstadt Frankfurt. Vol. 1. Frankfurt a. m, 1836. Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum. ed. Phil. Jaffe. 6 vols. Berolini,186u-73. ijrgynar Kalfskinn. ed. P. A. Munch. Christiania, 1893. Buckinghamshire Index 39 the Charters and Rolls 13 the British Museum. London, 1900, 1912. Bravella Berkshire century circa Cambridgeshire Cassiodorus. Cassiodori Senatoris Varia. catalogue, catalogus charter, chapter Ch. Ch. R. Chron. Chs, Chesh. C1. C1. R. CM Co, Cornw. comp. CPB Cr. Cu, Cumb. Cur. CWNS D, Dev. Dan. 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For Fdrstemann Fr Freeman Frek. 55 The Book 9f Fees. Rolls Ser. 1920-31. and following Feet of Fines (Feet 9: Fines for the County 9: Norfolk 1198-1202. ed. Barbara Dodwell. London, 1952 (Pipe Roll Soc.) Feet 9f Fines for the County E: Lincoln 1199-1216 ed. Margaret Walker. London, 1959 (Pipe Roll Soc.). H. P. R. Finberg, "Supplement to the Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall," in W. G. Hoskins, The Westward Expansion 9f Wessgx. Univ. of Leicester, Dept. of English Local History, Occasional Paper no. 13, 1960. H. P. R. Finberg. The Early Charters pi Wessex. Leicester, 1969. flourished Florence of Worcester-Florence Wigornensis Chronicon ex Chronicis. Fornmanna Sbgur. 12 vols. Kaupmannahdfn, 1825-31. Ernst F6rstemann. Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Vol. I. Bonn, 1900. Forest Charters Ernst Forstemann. Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Vol. I. Nordhausen, 1856. Documents preserved la France. Rolls Ser., 1899. E. A. Freeman. The Norman Conquest. 3rd ed. 6 vols. Oxford, 1867-79. 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Hfibner, lnscriptiones Hispaniae Christianae. Berolini, 1871. Herefordshire Historia Eliensis or Liber Eliensis. Anglia Christiania Soc.,1898. Henry of Huntingdon Historia Anglorum Hubert Hall, ed. The Pipe Roll gf the Bishppric 9f Winchester for 1208-9. London, 1903. Hertfordshire Huntingdonshire temp. Henry I Die alteste Herzebrocker heberolle. ed. Paul Eickhoff. Wandsbeck, 1882. ICC IPM Jord., Jorn., K. K KCD La, Lanc. La Ch Langebek Lat. Laur. Lc. Le, Leic. Li, Linc. Liljegren Lindkvist LiS LN Lp. lord. S7 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis. ed. N. E. A. S. Hamilton. London, 1876. Inquisitiones post mortem Jordanes. See Monumenta Germanie. Auctores Antiquiss. V. Kausler. Wirtembergisches urkundenbuch. Stuttgart, 1899. Kent J. M. Kemble. Saxonici. Codex Diplomaticus Aevi 6 vols. 1839-98. Lancashire Lancashire Pipe Rolls. Early Lancashire Charters. ed. W. Farrer. Liverpool, 1902. Scriptores Rerum Jacobus Langebek, ed. _ Vol I. Hafnia, 1772. Danicum Medii Aevi. Latin Codex Laureshamensis Diplomaticus. Mannheim, 1768. Th. J. Lacomblet. Niederrheinisches urkundenbuch. 3 vols. Dfisseldorf, 1890. Leicestershire Lincolnshire Johann G. Liljegren. Run-Urkunder Stockholm, 1833. Harald Lindkvist. Middle-English Place-Names 2f Scandinavian Origin. Upsala, 1912. The Lincolnshire Survey. ed. J. Greenstreet. London, 1889. Also in Lincoln Rec. Soc. 19. Liber niger mon S. Petri de Burgo. In Chronicon Petrobupgense. Camden Soc. 1899 Lupi. Codex Diplomaticus Civitatig E: Ecclesie Bergomatis. Bergomi, 1789. LVD LVH Mchb. MG. Mont Ms Ms, Midd. N and S Nass Naumann n.d. Necr. Aug. Necr. Fuld. Necr. Gladb. 68 Joseph Stevenson, ed. Liber Vita ecclesia Dunelmensis. Surt. Soc. 13, London, 1891. Walter de Gray Birch, ed. Liber vita: Register and Martyrology 2: New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester. London, 1892. Mabillon. 22 Ag Diplomatica. Lutecie Parisiorum, 1681. Monumenta Boica. 99 parts. Monachii, 1763-1883. Meichelbeck. Historia Frisingensis. 2 vols. Aug. Vindelic., 1729. Monumenta Germania, die quart bande. with Libri Confraternitatum (ed. Piper, 1889) and Necrologia Germania (lst ed. Baumann, 2nd ed. Herzberg-Frankel). Mantissa. see Gudbrand Vigfussen and F. York Powell. Origines Islandicae. Mcser. Osnabrfickische geschichte. Berlin and Stettin, 1780. Middlesex Arthur S. Napier and W. H. Stevenson. The Crawford Collection 9f Early Charters and Documents. Oxford, 1895. Codex Diplomaticus Nassoicus. by K. Menzel and W. Sauer. Wiesbaden, 1885. Hans Naumann. Altnordische Namenstudien. Berlin, 1912. ‘ Northumberland no date given Keller. Das alte Necrologium von Reichenau. (in the 6 vols. of the collections of the Antiquarian Society of Zfirich, 1899.) Schannat. Historia Fuldensis. Francofurt a. Mo, 1729, pp. ”6.4-820 Das verbrfiderungg- und todtenbuch der aEtei’Gladbach. by Gottfried Eckertz. Aachen, 1881. Nennius Nf, Norf. Ng. NI Nielsen Np, Northamt. NRJ Nt, Nottingh. O, Oxf. ODan OHG ON Isl. Or. Oxf P (fn. entries) P (Ekwall entries) para. Pat. R. Paul Diac. Pd. 59 Joseph Stevenson, ed. Nennii Historia Britonum London. 1838. Norfolk Neugart. Codex Diplomaticus Alamannia. 2 vols. 1791. Nonarum inquisitiones. Record Com. 1807. Nielsen, Oluf. Oldanske Personnavne. Kjobenhavn, 1883. Northamptonshire Norske Regnskaber 9g Jordebdger fra det 16de Aarhundred (1519-1521) ed. H. J. Huitfeldt-Kaas.Kristiania,1887ff. Nottinghamshire Oxfordshire Old Danish Old High German Old Norse Gudbrand Vigffissen and F. eds. Origines Islandicr. Oxford, 1905 York Powell, 2 vols. Facsimiles of Early Charters 12 Oxford. Oxford, 1929— Pertz, ed. Monumenta Germaniae. Scriptores Vols. I-XXVIII and leg. IV. Hannover, 1826 (only the foliobande). Pipe Rolls. paraphrase, paragraph Patent Rolls Paulus Diaconus. Historia Langobardum. see M.G. Scriptores Rerum Langobardum. Pardessus. Diplomata, Chartae, etc. .99. Res Gallo-Francicas Spectantes. Paris, 1893. Percy Pol. Fossat Pol. Irm. Pol. R. Procop. ow R. (Fn. entries) 70 RB RBE Reg. RH Rutl. Ry. Arb. Rygh Sa, Shropsh. Saxo SC Schn. (Ekwall entries) 60 The Percy Chartulary. Surt. Soc. 117. Polyptychum Fossatense (bound with Pol. Irm.) Paris, 1899. Polyptyque Le l abbe Irminon par Guerard. Paris, 1899. Polyptyque Le l abbaye Le S. Remi Le Reims par Guerard. Paris, -1853. Procopius Placita g3 quo Warranto. Record Com. 1818. Ried. Codex Chronologico-diplomaticus Ratisbonensis. Ratisbona, 1816. river-name Registrum antiquissimum. London Rec. Soc. 27ff. Biskop Eysteins Jordebog (den rode Bog). ed. H. J. Huitfeldt. Christiania, 1879. The Red Book 9: the Exchequer. Rolls Ser. 1896. Regum Rotuli hundredorum Record Com. 1812-18. Rutland Oluf Rygh. Gamle personnavne i norske Stedsnavne. Kristiania, 1901. Shropshire Oliver Elton and F. York Powell, eds. The First Nine Books 9: the Danish History 2: Saxo Grammaticus. London, 1899. Calendar Lf Documents relating to Scotland. _Edinburgh, 1881- 8. Schannat. Corpus Traditionum Fuldensium. Lipsia, 1772. SD sh. Sim So, Sr, SRD St. St. St, St. St. St. Suff. Somers. Surr. (Fn. entries) (Rygh entries) Staff. Sweet Sx, Tax Suss. Test. Erm. Thork 61 Symeon of Durham Historia ecclesia Dunelmensis and Historia regum Chr. and mem. 75, Surt. Soc. 51. Suffolk shorter (Simeon of Durham) Symeonis monachi opera omnia. ed Thomas Arnold. Rolls Series no. 75. London 1882-85. Somerset Surrey See Langebek. Scriptores Rerum Danicum Medii Aevi. Steiner. Codex Inscriptionum Romanarum Danubii gt Rheni. 3 vols. Seligenstadt, 1851. Stiftsbog eller Fortegnelse over Kirkernes Gods 1 Oslo 2g Hamar Stifler, Optaget efter Statholderen Povel Hvitfeldts Foranstaltning i Aarene 157M-77. Rigsarkivet, n.d. Staffordshire Urkundenbuch der abtei SE. Gallen. ed. H. Wartmann. 2 vols. Zurich, 1863-66. Urkunden aus dem archive von S3, Mihiel 22 Lorraine (handwritten). Das verbrfiderungsbuch von St. Peter EB Salzburg. ed. Karajan. WieH: 1852. Henry Sweet. The Oldest English Texts. EETS no. 83. London, 1885. Sussex Taxatio ecclesiastica. Record Com. 1802. Testamentum Ermentrudis. printed by Mabillon p. 92 of the supplement, by Marini n. 76, by Pardessus n. #52, and MG Scriptores Rerum Merowing. III. 339. Thorpe DA Tp. R Tr. W. Val Venant. Fortun. W, Wilts. Wa, Warw. We Wg. Tr. C. Wills Wimmer W. Malm. Wo, Worc. Y, Yorksh. YCh YE 62 B. Thorpe. Diplomatarium Anglicum Evi Saxonici. 1865. Records of the Templars in England. ed. Beatrice A. Lees. Brit. Ac. Records IX. London, 1935. Traditiones Possessionesque Wizenburgensis ed. von Zeuss. Spirr, 1842. The Valuation of Norwich. ed. w. E. Lunt. Oxford, 1926. Venantius Fortunatus. see MG Auctores Antiquiss. III. Wiltshire Warwickshire Westmorland Wigand. Traditiones Corbeienses. Leipzig, 18u3. Anglo-Saxon Wills. ed. Dorothy Whitelock. Cambridge, 1930. F. A. Wimmer. De Danske runemindesmarker. U vols. Kébenhavn, 1895-1908. Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi Gesta Regum Anggorum. ed. Thomas D. Hardy London, 18u0 Worcestershire Yorkshire Early Yorkshire Charters. ed. Farrer. Edinburgh, 191uff. The East Riding of Yorkshire ODan Alvar OSw Alver 0N Alfarr B zeou Heimskringla I. Pms X. 210 Fornaldar Sdgur ASPR VI. 5 199 Wimmer V. 3 Saxo V. Farstemann Farstemann Fn. col. 69 En. col. 69 En. col. 69 Farstemann Fornaldar Ségur I. 278 Fn. col. 69 Langebek II. 328 Saxo VII. 2 Saxo VII. 2 Saxo VII. 2 Gertz I. 31 Gertz I. 31 Pbrstemann KCD'69u Forstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Pbrstemann BCS 393 Fbrstemann Farstemann Farstemann Fn. col. 69 3 col. col. col. 90 92 98 0 2 col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 71 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 71 63 ELFHERE -kinsman of Wiglaf Alfheres ?Alfarinn ?Alfarinn Kondngr 7Alfarinn af Alfheimum Llfhere Aluerus, son of Alrek Alfar (runic) Alvar Alperius ?Alparini (gen) ?Alparenum (acc) ?Alpareno (abl) Alpar Alfarr ?Ha1pareni (gen) ALVERUS Rex Swecie Aluerus, King of Sweden Aluerus, King of Sweden wars against Russians Aluerus, King of Sweden dies Aluerus, rex Swecie fights war vs. Haldanus, son of Harald Aluerus dies, leaving three sons, one named Ingellus Albher Elfere abbode Alpher Alphar Alpheri Albhar ' Elfhare dux Alfheri Alpar Alvar Alfere n.d. Ynglinga Saga 780? Af Upplendinga Konungum chap. 2 Waldere 1.11 ea. n.d. n.d. Conc. Emerit. 666 Pd. (n.558) 736 Farf (n.26) 796 Farf. (n.30) 7H7 Farf. (30) 7u7 Ng. 757 Sogubrot af Fornkonungum Farf. (n.92) 760 Thomae Gheysmeri n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxonis VII. 13 Comp. Saxonis VII. 15 Ng. 806 Wulfwaru n.d. Ng. 819, 826 Ng. 816 Ng. 819 Ng. 819, 821 King Ecgbert 826? P. II. 218 ca. 83h Mab. 8H7 Ep. Calabriens n.d. MG III. 29 n.d. Fn. col. 69 Pa. col. 69 Far-tenann col. 58 Farstenann col. 58 Parstemann col. 58 Farstemann col. 58 Parstemann col. 58 Pbrstemann col. 58 Pbrstemann col. 58 Farstemann col. 58 Parstemann col. 58 Farstemann col. 58 En. col. 69 Birch, Hyde Reg. p.69 Fn. cal. 69 BCS 506 Grueber, pp. 27,29,32 Keary I. 96 BCS $93 Farstemann col. 71 BCS 599 BCS 550 BCS S62 BCS 568 Fornaldar Sbgur III.169 BCS 595 BCS 603 BCS 607 BCS 698 BCS 698 BCS 665 BCS.670 BCS 671 BCS 67% BCS 67“ BCS 677 BCSV682 Alpar Alperi, Alfer Aluier Albheri Albhere Albher Alpheri Alpher Alpher Alpere Alphere SH Alpere ?Aloario Elfere Alperi Elfhere minister Elbere, moneyer of Ethelred I Elfear, a moneyer of Burgred Elfhere Alvar ilfhere Elfhere ilfhere Elfhere minister minister minister dux ?Olver (Aelfhere?) Elfhere minister Llfere minister Elfere minister Elfhere Elfhere Elferio mlfhere Aelfere ilfhere ilfhere llfhere Elfhere minister dux dux minister minister minister minister (2) MG. I. 96 n.d. HG. many n.d. P. IX often n.d. C. M. Mai. n.d. Gud. sec. 10 n.d. Gld. II. a. 96 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.782) n.d. St. P. twice n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.936,193u) n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. Gld. II. a. 96 n.d. Gld. II. a. 96 n.d. E.S. XIV. us n.d. Nomina Pratrum Laicorum n.d St. G. (n.923) 853 King Ebelberht of Wessex 862 863 x 901 ca. 865 Bishop Ealhferb 871 x 877 Conc. Oventens ca. 873 King Elfred (979 for) 880 King Elfred 882 Bishop Swibwulf 889 King Elfred n.d. Gdngu—Hrolfs Saga chap. 13 King Eadward 901 King Eadward 903 King Eadward (900 for) 909 King Ebelstan 925 x 991 King Ebelstan 925 x 991 King fibelstan 929 King £belstan 931 King Ebelstan 931 King Ebelstan Mar. 23, 931 King Ebelstan Mar. 23, 931 King Ebelstan Nov. 12, 931 King lbelstan 931 BCS 689 BCS 699 BCS 699 BCS 701 BCS 702 BCS 703 BCS 703 BCS 1399 (7033) BCS 1399 (7038) BCS 705 805 706 has 706 BCS 707 BCS 719 Finberg 1969 no.936 BCS 721 Birch, Hyde Reg. p.21 BCS 722 Bates, Athel. Reg. PP- BCS 723 BCS 723 Bates, Much. Cart.p.38 BCS 729 BCS 725 BCS 726 BCS 727 BCS 729 BCS 730 BCS 731 BCS 739 BCS 737 BCS 791 BCS 792 .BCS 793 BCS 798 BCS 7S3 BCS 758 BCS 762 Elfhere Elfhere 65 minister dux Aelfhere minister Elfere minister Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfere minister (2) Elfere (2) Elfhere klfhare Elfhare Elfhere Elfhere minister minister minister (2) minister minister Alfer Minister Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere dux dux dux Alfer minister Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere dux minister dux dux dux dux minister minister minister minister dux Elfere dux Elfhere Elphere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhere Elfhara Elfhere dux dux dux dux dux minister dux King King King King King King King King King King King King King King Ebelstan Ebelstan ibelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Kbelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan King Ebelstan Nomina Ducum King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Edelstan Ebelstan fibelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Eoelstan koelstan Ebelstan Eoelstan Ebelstan Ebelstan Abelstan Ebelstan Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Aug. 30, 932 933 (933 for)939 (930 for)939 May 28, 93a June 7, (930 for)939 June 7, (930 for)939 n.d. n.d Dec. 16, 939 Dec. 16, 939 Dec. 16, 939 939 937 937 937 n.d. 937 937 (670 for)938 (670 for)938 n.d. (670 for)938 (E70 for)938 (670 for)938 938 938 938 938 939 n.d 939 939 939 990 990 990 990 66 BCS 769 Elfhere dux King Eadmund 990 BCS 765 Elfhere dux King Eadmund July 29, (960 for) 991 Finberg 1969 no.597 Elfhere King Eadred 996 x955 BCS 872 Alfer vicecomes King Badred 998 Or. Isl. ?Alfarenn al. Alfvarenn Landnama-boc II. 5.9, 7.1, Valason ens Sterka Z3 Viglundar Saga chap.6 ?A1farinn Valason n.d. Barbar Saga Snafellsass, ?Alfarinn Valason n.d. chap. 3 . BCS 889 ELFERE propinquo meo King Eadred 951 BCS 906 Elfere minister King Eadred 955 BCS 917 Elfhere ex parentela regis King Eadwig 955 BCS 919 Elfhere dux King Eadwig Feb. 13, 956 BCS 929 Elfere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 925 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 926 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 927 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 930 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 932 Aelfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 939 Aelfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 935 Elfhere King Eadwig 956 BCS 937 ' Alfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 938 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 991 Aelfhere Comes King Eadwig 956 BCS 992 £lfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 993 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 995 ELFHERE King Eadwig 956 BCS 996 ELFHERB King Eadwig 956 BCS 998 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 999 ilfhere comes King Eadwig 956 BCS 952 Elfere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 953 Elfhere Dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 95$ filfhere Dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 957 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 958 Aelfhere miles King Eadwig 956 BCS 9S9 Elfhare Dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 960 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 962 filfhere dux King Eadwig 956 BCS 963 Elfhere minister King Eadwig 956 BCS 969 Elfhere dux King Eadwig 956 u 3‘. I! "| a n J.‘ I u p - D I. BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Bates, Athel. Reg. pp- BCS acs acs acs acs 303 303 303 965 966 967 969 970 971 973 979 975 976 977 977 978 979 981 982 983 989 985 987 988 999 997 999 1397(9998) 1001 1002 1003 1009 195-6 1029 1030 1036 1037 1090 1092 1093 1099 fllfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux filfhare dux Alfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfere dux Elfhere dux Klfere dux Elfhere minister (2) ilfhere dux Elfhare minister Elfhere dux Elfhere dux ilfhere dux Elfhere Dux Aelfhere dux mlfhere Dux Elfhere dux filfhere Dux Elfere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfere dux 67 Alfer minister Alfere dux Belfere minister Elfere dux Elfhere Dux Elfhere dux Elfhere Dux Elfhere dux Elferf (sic) dux King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King Eadwig Eadwig Nov. Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadred Eadwig Eadwig (955 for) Bishop Byrhthelm King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadwig Eadgar Eadgar Eadgar Eadgar Eadgar Eadgar May 9, May 9, (961 for) 956 x 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 956 957 957 957 957 957 957 957 n.d 957 957 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 958 “In: “I." «In BCS 1099 BCS 1095 BCS 1097 BCS 1351 (10988) BCS 1051 BCS 1052 Finberg 1969 no. 507 BCS 1053 BCS 1055 BCS 1056 BCS 1058 BCS 1066 BCS 1067 BCS 1071 BCS 1072 BCS 1073 BCS 1079 BCS 1076 BCS 1076 BCS 1077 BCS 1079 BCS 1080 Picken 1960 BCS 1082 BCS 1083 BCS 1085 BCS 1086 BCS 1087 BCS 1088 BCS 1089 BCS 1090 BCS 1092 BCS 1093 . BCS 1099 BCS 1095 BCS 1096 BCS 1089 BCS 1101 BCS 1103 BCS 1105 Alfere minister Elfhere minister Elfere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfere dux Elfhere Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux filfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Klfhere dux Alfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere Dux Alfere dux Elfhere dux Aelfre Dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elferes Myrcna heretogan Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfhere ducis Merciorum Klfheri ducis Merciorum ELFERAE Merciorum comite Elfere dux Alfere dux Elfhere minister Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfereque Merciorum comite 68 King Eadgar King Eadwig King Eadgar (958 for) King Eadgar (951 for) King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar Bishop Oswald Bishop Oswald Bishop Oswald Bishop Oswald Bishop Oswald Reeve Vua King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Ebelred King Eadgar King Eadgar 959 x King Eadgar (951 for) Bishop Oswald 958 959 959 959 959 959 975 960 960 960 960 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 962 963 963 963 963 r.— “A" n...» “In “9» l9: “.1 ...l “9” ...n n BCS 1106 BCS 1108 BCS 1109 BCS 1110 BCS 1111 BCS 1112 BCS 1112 BCS 1113 BCS 1119 BCS 1116 BCS 1117 BCS 1118 BCS 1119 BCS 1120 BCS 1121 BCS 1123 BCS 1129 BCS 1125 Bates, Much. Cart. pp. 90-1 BCS 1132 BCS 1133 BCS 1139 BCS 1135 BCS 1139 BCS 1191 ASChr. BCS 1192 BCS 1193 BCS 1195 BCS 1169 BCS 1165 BCS 1169 BCS 1171 ' BCS 1172 BCS 1173 BCS 1179 BCS 1179 BCS 1176 69 £1fere...Merciorum comite fllfhere ducis Merciorum £lhereque Merciorum comite Elfheres Mercna ealdor- mannes Elfereque Merciorum comite alfhere Dux Elfhere minister Alfere dux ‘ Elfhere dux Slfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere Dux Elfhare Dux Elfhere dux Elfere dux Alfere dux Elfhere dux ilfhere dux Aelfere dux Elfere Elferus filius Elfrici Elfhere dux Elfere dux Elfhere Merciorum finium ducis Elfhere ealdorman ilfere ealdorman Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfere Dux Alfhere Dux mlfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfere dux ilfhare ealdorman Elfhare his brebar £1f(her)e (dux) Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald (993 for)963 Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 969 Will of Byrhtric 969—995 Will of Byrhtric 969x995 King Eadgar 969 King Eadgar 969 Bishop Oswald 961 x 970 King Eadgar 962 963 King Eadgar 969 King Eadgar 969 King Eadgar 922 for ca. 969 King Eadgar 965 King Eadgar 965 King Eadgar 965 King Eadgar 965 King Eadgar 965 King Eadgar ca. 961 x 969 Will of Klfheah 965 x 971 Will of Elfheah 961 x 971 King Eadgar 966 4'- a ‘ ’1 BCS Bates, Much. Cart. p.98 BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1189 1190 1191 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1206 1208 1209 1213 1216 1217 1220 1221 1222 1229 1225 1226 1227 1229 1230 1231 1233 1239 1236 1290 1292 1293 1257 1260 1262 70 Alferus dux Elfhere dux Alferus dux Elfheres Mercna heretogan Klfhere ducis Merciorum Aelfhereque Werciorum Elfhere dux Elfere dux Elfhere dux Alfhere dux Elfhere dux ilfhere dux ilfhere dux Elfhere dux Alfere dux Elfereque Merciorum comite Aelfereque Merciorum comite Alfere dux Elfere dux Aelfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux ilfere dux Elfere dux Elfhere dux Elfere abbas Elfere dux Elfere dux Elfere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfheres Mercne heretogan Aelfere dux leereque Merciorum Comite £1fere ducis Merciorum klfhere ducis Merciorum Elfheri ducis Merciorum Elfhere dux Alfere dux £LFHERE ealdormenn King Eadgar 966 King Eadgar 966 Archbishop Dunstan et al. 966 Bishop Oswald 966 Bishop Oswald 966 Bishop Oswald 966 King Eadgar 956 or later King Eadgar 966 King Eadgar 966 King Eadgar 966 King Eadgar 967 King Eadgar 967 King Eadgar 967 King Eadgar 967 King Eadgar 967 Bishop Oswald 967 Bishop Oswald 967 King Eadgar 967 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 978 for 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 969 King Eadgar 969 King Eadgar 969 Bishop Oswald 969 King Eadgar ' 969 Bishop Oswald 969 Bishop Oswald 969 Bishop Oswald 969 Bishop Oswald 970 King Eadgar 970 King Eadgar 970 Bounds of Kingston n.d. Bagpuize ‘- BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS KCD KCD KCD BCS BCS . BCS BCS 1269 1266 1268 1269 1270 1280 1281 1282 1289 1285 1286 1287 680 681 682 1292 1293 1295 1296 1297 1299 1301 1302 1303 1303 1309 1305 W. I. 199 1307 1308 1309 1211 1312 1313 1315 '1316 1316 1319 D II. 172 71 Alfere dux Elfhere Dux Elfhere dux Blfere dux Elfere dux Elfere dux Elfere ealdorman Elfere dux Aelfere dux ilfhere dux llfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfheres Hercna heretogan Elfheres Hercna heretogan Elfheres Mercna heretogan Elfhere Dux Elfhere ddc'is Alfhere dux Elfere Ealdorman Elfhere dux Klfhere ducis Merciorum Alfhere dux £lfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere fideli meo ministro Aelfhere dux Elfhere dux Elfere princeps Merciorum expells the monks Elfhere dux Elfhere minister Elfhere dux Elfere dux Elfhere dux Elfhere dux llfhere Dux Elfhere Dux Elfhere Elfhere dux Elfere expells the monks King Eadgar May 15, 969 or 970 King Eadgar 970 King Eadgar 970 King Eadgar 970 King Eadgar 971 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 Oswald, post 972 Oswald, post 972 Oswald, post 972 King Eadgar 973 Bishop Oswald 973 King Eadgar 955 for 973 De FALCHEHAM & BROMLEAGE n.d. King Eadgar 973 Bishop Oswald (977 for)979 King Eadgar 979 King Eadgar (989 for) 979 . King Eadgar 979 King Eadgar 979 King Eadgar 979 King Eadgar 979 979 King Eadgar 973 x 979 King Eadgar 979 or 975 King Eadgar (978 for)979 King Eadgar Dec. 28, 979 King Eadgar 975 King Eadgar 975 King Eadgar 975 King Eadgar 975 King Eadgar 975 King Eadgar gig. $1 I“ 1..., ASChr. DEF w. Halm p. 182 H. 6.16 p. 109 Sin D II. 133 KCD 1276 KCD 1277 Earle pp. 295-7 KCD 611 KCD 612 xcn 613 xcn 619 x00 615 KCD 616 KCD 617 xcn 618 xcn 619 KCD 620 x00 621 xcn 623 61. 9. F1. W. P1. W. ASChr. KCD 629 KCD 626 KCD 627 Edwards Edwards Edwards KCD 1278 KCD 632 KCD 633 KCD 637 KCD 636 KCD 638 KCD 639 I. 196 I. 197 I. 198 L.H. p.227 L-H. p.223 L.H. p.221 72 Elfere ealdorman orders monks thrown out Elferius attacks the monasteries Elferius brings K. Eadgar's body to Shaftesbury Elferus accompanies body of K. Eadward Elfere dux Elfere dux alffere dux Elfhere dux Elfheres Mercna heretogan Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfereque Merciorum comite Elfereque Merciorum comite Elfereque Merciorum comite Elfhere dux Elfereque Merciorum comite Dux Merciorum Elferus brings Eadweard Eadweard King Eadward Eadweard Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Ebelred Oswald body of Eadweard to Shaftesbury Dux Merciorum Alferus, kinsman of K. Eadgar, dies Dux Merciorum Alfricus, son of Elferi ducis Elfhere (ACD) Elfere (E) ealdorman dies Elfhere dux Elfare dux Elfhereque Merciorum comite Elfhere dux Elfsyge, Elferus sone £1fsi3e, Elferes sunu Elfhere dux Elfere dux Elfhare dux Elfhere ducis Merciorum Elfhere dux Llfhere dux filfare dux Ebelred fibelred Oswald K. Ebelred K. Ebelred K. Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred flbelred Oswald Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred ca. C6. C3. C3. 975 975 978 979 977 977 977 977 977 977 977 977 977 977 978 978 978 979 979 979 983 986 983 980 980 980 982 982 982 982 982 982 983 983 983 983 KCD 690 KCD 698 KCD 650 KCD 1283 KCD 657 KCD 663 KCD 673 ASPR VI 9 KCD 689 KCD 687 KCD 1290 KCD 1289 Whitelock 1955 p. 539 (no. 120) KCD 696 KCD 698 Saxo VIII. 313 KCD 706 KCD 712 KCD 713 KCD 972 KCD 1295 KCD 1297 KCD 719 KCD 1301 N i 8 Crawford Charters XI. 85 xcn 1303 KCD 1309 w. Main p.189 Grueber p. 293ff KCD 728 Birch, Hyde Reg. p.56 Whitelock 1955 p. 559 (no. 132) KCD 729 KCD 730 KCD 739 KCD 739 73 Elfere dux Elfhere abbas Elfhere abbas Elfere abbas aluere abba Elfhere abbas Elfhare abbas Elfhere alfere baban abb Elfere abbas Elfferes dohtor Eluere abbas Elfhere abbot Elfhere abbas Klfuere Babonensis aecclesiae abbas Alver, son of Elrik, a brave Swede Elfuere abbas Eluere abbas Eluere abbas Elfere ealdorman Elfere abbas Eferus abbas Elfere abbas Eluere abbas Aelfere abbot Slfhere abbas Elferus abbas Elferii, who had killed a better king Elfere, moneyer of 22836e°§bb§§° Elfhere ~ Elfhere abbot Elfhere abbas Elfuere abbas filuere abbas Eluere abbas fibelred Ebelred Ebelred fibelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Maldon 1.80 Ebelred Ebelred Will of Wynflad Ebelred King Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Egelflad Ebelred Ebelred ibelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Cnut C3. ca. 1016 x 983 985 985 985 987 988 990 991 993 999 995 >995 996 996 997 n.d. 1001 n.d. n.d. n.d. 1002 1002 1005 1005 1007 1007 1007 1009 1066 1018 Nomina Benefactorum, post King Cnut Cnut Cnut Cnut Cnut 1018 1019 1019 1019 1022 1023 3.1" 9"," 4 KCD 793 KCD 799 Grueber p. 302 Grueber p. 329, 361 LVD p. 19 Ellis DB II. 25 Ellis DB II. 15 Ellis DB II. 15 Ellis DB II. 15 Ellis DB II. 15 Ellis DB II. 15 Ellis DB II. 95 Ellis DB II. 5 Ellis DB II. 5 LVD p. 18 LVD p. 50 LVD p. 51 KCD iii 380 Parstemann col..58 Dipl. Isl. I. 50 Fornaldar Sdgur II. 197 Fornaldar Sbgur III.297 Pn. col. 69 En. col. 69 BCS 1127 BCS 1316 Lindkvist p. 21 Rygh p. 293 Ekwall p. 6 Ekwall p. 6 Ekwall p. 8 Ekwall p. 8 79 Elfhere abbas alfere abb Elere, moneyer of Harold I Elfhere, moneyer of Eadward the Confessor Alferius Aluer Alfer Alfere Alfere liber homo Alfere tegnus Heroldi Alferus Elfer Elfer Elfere Elfhere diac' Elfere llfere PLACE NAMES Elferamere Albharesdorf Aluerstedensis Elfarsker Elfarsker Alpirspach Abherestete elferesforde Elfheres stapole Alurestan, Aluestune Yo Blverud Allerston YN Allerton Hauleverer YW Alverton Nt Alverthorpe YW Cnut 1026 Cnut 1031 1035 x 1090 1092 x 1066 Nomina Prasbyterorum n.d. Yorksh. 300 1088 Kent 9 1088 Sussex 21b Dev. 115 Glouc. 167 Norf. 126 1088 Norf. 265b, 269 1088 Norf. 299 1088 Norf. 120b 1088 Sussex 19b, 20b 1088 Suss. 20 1088 Hants. 91 Norf. 299b 1088 12th or 13th c. hand early 13th e.hand early 13th c. hand Offa 772 n.d. Marinus 996 Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 7 Bosa Saga ok Herraubs chap. 9 n.d. n.d. King Eadgar 969 King Eadgar 975 DB 1088 Efflerud 1557 (Alurestan, -stain DB) 1088 (Aluretone, Alvertone DB) 1088 (Aluriton DB) 1088 (Alvelthorpe 1199 ch.) 75 Ekwall p. 327 Northallerton YN (Aluertune DB) 1088 Ekwall p. 519 Yelverton NP (Ailuertuna DB) 1088 Ekwall p. 2 Adforton (Alfertintune DB) 1088 76 AESCHERE -counsellor of King Hrobgar ON Askarr, 7Askr B 1323, 1329 Eschere n.d. B 1920 Escheres (gen) n.d. B 2122 Eschere (dat) n.d. Wimmer II. 90 askaiR (runic) n.d. Wimmer VII. A. 26 esgervs (runic) n.d. Wimmer II. 58 ?aski (runic) n.d. Wimmer V. 1 eskiR (runic) n.d. Wimmer II. 57 7askis (runic) n.d. Wimmer II. 37 7isgis (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 736 AskaiR (runic) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 127 Ascar Ng. 735, 799, 795 Farstemann col. 127 Aschar Ng. 762, 779 Pn. col. 198 Asciarius St. G (n.35) 762 Parstemann col. 127 Aschari Ng. 779 Parstemann col. 127 Aschar Ng. 819 Pu. col. 198 Ascheri St. G. (n.367) 837 Pn. col. 198 Ascheri St. G. (n.388,926, etc.) ca. 850, 859, etc. BCS 521n Ascerus Comes King Burhred of Mercia Aug. 1, 868 Fn. col. 198 Aschere St. G. (n.593) ASPR Maldon 69 En. col. 198 Aschere St. G. (n.638) 889 Fdrstemann col. 127 Eskere Gld. II. a. 99 n.d. Fn. col. 198 Ascheri MG repeatedly n.d. Pn. col. 198 Aschari P. XIII (Hist. Farfens) often n.d. Farstemann col. 127 Ascher Laur. sec. 8 (n.3558) n.d. Fn. col. 198 Aschere MG repeatedly n.d. Farstemann col. 127 Ascheri Gld. II. a. 96 n.d. Or. I91. I. 202 7Asks ens Omalga (gen) Landnama-boc V 3. 3-9 KCD 806 Ascarus minister regis Eadward 1051 x 1060 KCD 1337 Aescar Steallare Aelfgyfu ca. 1053 KCD 801 7Esgar minister Eadward 1055 Harmer Writs, Appendix 7Esgar M' King Eadward 1059 scs 980 II ascar steallare Lady Elfgifu n.d. KCD 855 ?Esgar Stallere Eadward n.d. KCD 869 7Esgar stallere Eadward n.d. L‘Z .' V ... “I KCD 872 Ellis DB II. 92 Ellis DB II. 92 Ellis DB II. 92 Birch, Hyde Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Reg. p.72 339 339 369 179 270 Langebek II. 166 Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz I. 28 I. 31 I. 82 I. 157 I. 385 I. 390 I. 900 I. 906 II. 27 II. 35 II. 10 I. 379 I. 920 6 Gertz II. 195 LVD p. 98 LVD p. 79 LVD p. 112 ?Esgar stallere Ascer 7Ascha ?Aschi Ascerus miles Ascerus Crypts Lundensis dedicatur ab Ascero Ascerus Episc. obiit Ascerus made ArchbishOp Ascerus Svenonis filius Eadward n.d. Linc. 366 1088 Inter Ripam et Mersam 269b 1088 293 1088 Nomina Fratrum Laicorum post 1066 Annales Barth. 1123 Warw. 1103 Anon. Nestved. Chron. PetriOlai Annales Dan. 1159 1103 Secunda 1096 Hamsfortii Chron. Ascerus primus Archiepiscopus Chron. Rerum Dan. et dies Ascerus, episc. Lundensi Ascerus episcopus buried there most famous of bishops then, Ascerus Ascero Lundensi Arceepiscopo Ascerus became episcopus Lundensis Ascerus made archbishop at Lund Ascerus passage arranges peaceful of the king Ascerus Archbishop of Lund dies Ascerus episcopus Lundensis made first Danish Archbishop Ascerus archiepiscopus dead Ascerus, dominus Lundensi archiepiscopus, ruled 39 years Ascerus episcopus buried there the bishop of Roskild Ascero being dead Ascerus Rosohildensis Ascer Ascer Asoer de Beuerl' SVec. 1137 Rosk. chap. 15 Rosk. Chron. Chron. chap. 18 Sven Aggonis Series Regum Danie chap. 2 Comp. Saxonis XII. 1 Comp. Saxonis XII. 5 Comp. Saxonis XIII. 7 Comp. Saxonis XIV. 1 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1103 Sialandie 1138 Arch. Lundensium 1109 Vetus Chron. Chron. Comp. Saxonis XI. 10 Comp. Saxonis XIV. 17 De Fundatione Monasterii Vite Schole 12th or 13 c. hand 12th or early 13th c. hand 13th or 19th c. hand BCS BCS Fn. Pn. KCD KCD KCD KCD KCD 300 300 col. 198 col. 198 656 719 771 812 921 Liljegren no. 330 Liljegren no. 1031 Rygh p. 16 Rygh p. 16 Rygh p. 16 Rygh p. 16 Lindkvist p.23 Lindkvist p. 23 Lindkvist p. 23 Ekwall p. 15 Ekwall p. 15 Ekwall p. 15 78 PLACE NAMES Uoking Echer langen esher Ascheringen Eskires Feld uillam, quae Ascere dicitur Esceron Eschore at Esshere Eskeres Dorp Askerby Askers hArad Aekjerod Askjerod Askersrud Ascherod Asgerebi Asgereshill Asgarsthorp Higher Ashton D. Askerswell Do Askerton King Edbert 801 King Edbert 801 n.d. n.d. Ebelmar 987 Ebelred 1005 Eadweard 1099 Eadweard 1062 Eadwine n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. LI DB 1088 Norf. ca. 1200 Norf. 1279 CaL Inq. (Aiserstone DB, Asshereston. 1275 Ep) (Oscherwille DB, Oskerwell 1199 P, Askereswell 1208 Cur) (Askerton 1256 PP, Askreton 1295 C1) .4 'I 79. BEANSTAN -father of Breca ON ?Beinir, ?Benteinn, ?Beinsteinn B 529 Jaeobsen 8 Moltke, no. 119 LVD p. 28 Pl. H. II. 375 KCD 307 BCS 993 Or. Isl. CPB II. 925 Or. Isl. fins II. 91, 95, etc. Or. Isl. Pms VIII. 317, 362 Horkinskinna pp. 923-5 Beimsringla XIV. 6 Liljegren no. 991 ASChr BCS 916 Sweet p. 936 N + 8 Crawford Charters VIII. 39 N + s Crawford Charters XV. 5 Fl. W I. III BCS 620 Ekwall p. 31 BCS 820 Napier 6 Stevenson p.20 Ekwall p. 31 Ekwall p. 33 Ekwall p. 31 BEanstEnes (gen.) ?Ubein (runic) ?Beana ?Beonna, bishop ?Beagstan, a moneyer of Burgred ?beahstan ?BEHSTANO ?Beinir Mésson ?Beinuibr, a giant ?Beinir Sigurbarson ?Beinir Sigmundarsson ?Beinir Hiatason ?Bengeirr langi ?Benteinn ?Benteinn PLACE NAMES ?Benstad ?Beandun ?Beansetum 7 in locaqui vocatur bean ?Beanhland ?Benested (surrey) ?Beanflotam 7beanstede ?Beane R. Hrt. ?bean stede ?om pa beanhlande ?Beanley Nb ?Beenham Brk Beane R. Hrt. n.d. n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. (silver) gen. n.d. ca. 865 Eardwulf 875 Bishop Koenwald 957 Landnama-boc II. 6.2 V0 13.“. Thulor 1.78 n.d. Hungrvaka 5.13 n.d. Landnama-boc II. 15.7 n.d. Saga Sigurbar Slembis Sigurbar, Inga ok Eysteins Saga Harallzsonar n.d. 619 King Wiglaf of Mercia 836 893 n.d. n.d. 899 King Eadward 909 (Benefican 913 ASChr) King Eadred 997 King Ebelred 998 (Benelega c. 1150 Percy) (Beneham 1292 Fees) (Beneficcan 913 ASC) 80 BEOWULF, BIOWULF 1. Danish king, son of Scyld 2. son of Ecgtheow, a Geat 0N Bjolfr, Boejélfr, Byjulfr OHG Biulfus 18 53 393ff 529, 631, etc. 1999ff 676, 1191 501, 795 etc. 2807 609, 923 etc. Sweet, LVD p. 163 Pbrstemann col. 195 Pdrstemann col. 213 GUGNDUUUU Liljegren no. 885 Or. Isl. Fn. col. 229 Ellis DB II. 295 Dipl. Norv. XIII. 23 Dipl. Norv. XIII. 23 KCD 1001 F1. W. p. 297 Sim D II. 69 Sim D II. 99 Pl. W. I. 71 Asser, p. 3 ASChr ABCD W. Halm p. 121 Ethelweard p. 33 Langfebgatal DI I. 505 Fms. VIII. 2 Béowulf (the Danish King) Béowulf Scyldinga Béowulf Béowulf...bearn Ecgbéowes Beowulf...bearn Ecgbioes Béowulf Géata BEowulfes (gen.) Biowulfes (gen.) Béowulfe (dat.) biu(u)ulf ?Babulf Baovulf ?Baulf (runic) Biélfr, sworn brother of Lobmundr Gamle ?Bouulf Beulfus Biulf porkels son Biulf porkels son BEOWULF-QUESTIONABLE NAMES Beowa Beaw, ancestor of Woden Beaw, ancestor of Alfred Beau, ancestor of Alfred Beaw, ancestor of Alfred Beauu, son of Sceldwea Beaw (ABC) Beowi (D), son of Scyldwa Beowius, son of Sceldius Beo, son of Scyld Beaf, successor to Scealdna biaf called biar, successor to Skialldvn Biar Skjaldason n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Nomina monachorum n.d. Concil. Roman. 796 Schn. 782 n.d. Landnama-boc IV 9.2, 10.1 Bib VI. 572 n.d. Dors. 82 1088 Aug. 1362-3 Aug. 1362 6 Aug. 1363 Nunna of Sussex et al. n.d. Wessex gen. Wessex gen. 899 gen. 899 gen. 855 gen. Wessex gen. ca. 855 n.d. Gen. Gen. n.d. 899 898 855 n.d. n.d. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Njils Saga chap. 198 Egils Saga Skallagrims- sonar chap. 1 Floamanna Saga Pléamanna Saga Bandamanna Saga I. 12 CPB II. 39 BCS 1027 BCS 1027 Rygh p- Rysh p- Rysh p- . Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall 38 39 39 38 39 p. p. p. p. p. p. 5 30 30 30 31 31 31 ?Bialfe ?Bialfe, a freedman of Asgerbr Askadotter ?Bjalfi, a freedman of Asgerd ?Bjalfi, Norwegian ?Bjalf, oeirbarmaor ?Bjélfi, groenlenzkr b6ndi ?Bjalfi, brother of Mir ?Bialfa PLACE NAMES BYO HYLLE beohille Bjdlstad Bjdlverud Biofsrud Bjdlstad ?Bjdlerud Belsrud ?Bawburgh Nf ?Bawsey Nf ?Beaford D ?Beausale Wa ?Beauxfield K ?Bewsborough Gisla Saga 9. 3-9 Gen. A. 11 fl. ca. 960 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Olafs-rima King Eadwig King Eadwig n.d. n.d. n.d. (Biolfsstadum 1393 DN III 187) (Bielffwerud 1978) (Bidlsrud 1668) (Ban's’burgh) (Béaw's ey) (Béaw's ford) (Béaw's halh) (Béaw's field) (Béaw‘s burgh) n.d. n.d. 958 958 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ea. 0N breki B 583 B 506 B 531 ASPR III. 150 Or. Isl. Grueber P. 26 En. En. DI. DI. Thorpe DA 199, 298, 393, 596 col. 335 col. 335 I. 522 I. 597 ASChr Ekwall p. 59 Ekwall p. 59 DI En. 0r. Or. Or. 0r. Or. I. 522 col. 335 Isl. Isl. Isl. 181.1. 612 Isl. 82 BRECA -chief of the Brondingas Breca Brecan (dat.) Brecan (acc.) Breoca Brondingum borolf Braker (son of Breca) BRECE, moneyer of Eadward the Elder Bricho Bricco Brekka i Gunfudals Sveit Brekka a Enni PLACE NAMES Bricandun Brecanmere ?Braskley Np ?Braceby Li Brekku land Brechenheim Brecko-land Brecka Brecka Brecka Brecka n.d. n.d. n.d. Widsith 1.25 Landnama-boc II. 22.5, 29.7 901 x 925 n.d. MG II.188 n.d. n.d. n.d. 916 (Brachelai DB) 1088 (Breicebi 1212 Fees) n.d. n.d. Cormacs Saga 19:16 Landnama-boc II. 30.9 Landnama-boc II. 29.1 n.d. Holmverja Saga 93:10.1 DEGHREFN _ -A warrior of the Hugas B 2501 Daghrefne (dat) n.d. En. col. 399 Dagaramnus MG II. 203 Fn. col. 399 Daigramnus MG II. 170 0N Abils B 2392 Sweet, Bede IV. 25 Widsib 93 LVD p. 28 LVD p. 90 LVD p. 29 ASPR III. 152 Wimmer III. Pdrstemann col. 170 Pbrstemann col. 170 Farstemann col. 170 BCS 300 Liljegren no. 903 Liljegren no. 698 Liljegrin no. 370 Nielsen p. 9 Liljegren no. 395 Annals SN, p. 195 Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo IV. IV. IV. IV. IV. 131 131 133 138 190 11 VIII. 312 Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. 32 80 81 151 152 89 EADGILS -son of Ohthere, Swedish prince Eadgilse (dat.) aedgils Eadgils...frea Myrginga Abigils Eadugils (eabugils in Sweet) Eedgils Eadgilse (dat.) apisl (runic) Audisgisil Audegisel Odgisil EADGILSO ministro meo Atil (runic) AbilR (runic) Abil (runic) Apisl (runic) Abisl, son of Vikisl (runic) Eagellus, pagan chief, killed Adils, King of Swedes, fights the Danes Adils overthrows Frowin Adils defeated by Polki and the Danes Adils killed by Keto and Wig, sons of Frowin Adils' death by two men mentioned Adils, father of Ring Atilt af Sueriki Atislus Rex Svecie Atislus had Rolfo's mother as wife Athislo placed SNYO over the Danes Keto 8 Wiggo killed Athislum Regum Suecie n.d. ca. 680 n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) n.d. (silver) n.d. (gold) Nomina Monachorum Nomina Clericorum Widsith II. 93-6 n.d. Pd. 615 Pd. 631 Pd. 670 King Edbert 801 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 910 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Series Runica Altera Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis Petri Olai Chron. Langebek I. 225 Langebek II. 295 Gertz I. 98-51 Gertz I. 239-9 Gertz I. 239-236 Gertz I. 237 238 ' 239 Gertz I. Gertz I. 256-8 256-7 Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. 258 Pant I. 2 Or. Isl. CPB I. 299 CPB.I. 188 CPB I. 80 CPB II. 522 CPB II. 521 Pant I. 3 Pant I. 5 CPB I. 190 CPB p. 353 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 289 Pornaldar Sdgar II. 10 Heimskringla I. 32-33 Ems VII. 2 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 22 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 26 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 71-75 Saga Libr. I. 99 85 ATHISL Rex Swecie ATISLUS, successor to Hbthbroddus Athislus rex Suethiae Atislus, rex Swecia Atislus son of Hodbroddus Atislus struck down in battle by Biarko Occiso autem Atislo Hotherus, filius Atisli succeeds ROLUO Atislus, rex Svecie Atislus rex Swecia slain by Keto 8 Viggo foo fights duel to blot shame of Atislus death by two men Apils ad Upsolum Abisl at Uppsala Abils Abils Abilsi Adils at Uppsolum, son of Ottarr Abils at Uppsblum, son of Ottarr Adhils or Adhisl, son of 0tharus Adhils, son of Otar Adils Abils Oflati fra Uppsblom Abils ofléti fré Uppsblum Abils at Uppsdlum King Adils Ottarsson of Sweden Abils Ottarsson Vendilkraku K. Athils of Sweden marries Yrsa K. Athils ambushed Helgi Athils plots vs. Hrolf Abils son of K. Ottar n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Chron. Lethrense chap. 5,7 Comp. Saxo II.5-III.1 Comp. Saxo II. 5 n.d. Saxo II. 7 n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxo II. 8 n.d. Saxo III. 1 n.d. Comp. Comp. Saxo IV. 5-6 n.d. Saxo IV. 5-6 Comp. Comp. n.d. Comp. Saxo IV. 6 n.d. Langfedgatal n.d. Libellus p. 306.9 Ynglingatal n.d. Biarka-mal n.d. Kalfsvisa n.d. Langfebga-tal n.d. Plateybbok I. 26 Cat. Reg. Svecie n.d. Frag. Cat. Svethice n.d. Lost Lay of Rolf Kraki n.d. Heroic Muster Rolls n.d. Sbgubrot af Pornkonungum ch. VIII. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist Che IV. n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 32-3 n.d. gen. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Saga Libr. I. 99-50 Saga Libr. I. 50 Saga Libr. I. 50-51 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 51-55 Pls II. 212, 297 Ens III. 26 BCS 392 Pinberg 1969 no. 352 Or. Isl. Liljegren no. 332 56 Abils opposes Helgi Abils fights Ali Abils buried at Upsala Abils jarl im Bretland Aubgisl gauzki Aubgisl Hallfrebarson Aubgils, son of Hallfreo PLACE NAMES Eadgylses muth Eadgylses mupan ?Egils-skarb Adelsb n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ca. 1000 Bounds of Downton n.d. Eyrbyggia Saga 93 n.d. n.d. and «is a. v :1. a v . ..s 9.3.06. .90 \ 0N ?EMUNDR ?EYMUNDR B 2611 Pn. col. 209 Pn. col. 209 LVD p. 9 LVD p. 17 LVD p. 29 LVD p. 25 LVD p. 25 LVD p. 28 LVD p. 29 LVD p. 38 BCS 199 Keary I. 39, 38 BCS 356 BCS 3S7 BCS 373 KCD 218 BCS 378 BCS 378 BCS 379 Thorpe DA p. 77 Thorpe DA p. 77 BCS 389 BCS 389 BCS 386 Thorpe DA p. 71 Thorpe DA p. 71 37 EANMUND -son of Ohthere, Swedish Prince ?ONUNDR ?AUNUNDR Eanmundes (gen) Aunimund, bp. of Lyon Aunemund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmundus rex Eanmund, a moneyer of Coenwulf Eanmund abbas (Ean) mund abbas Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund Eanmund abbas abbas presbiter abbas abbas abbas abb pr abb abbas presbiter abbas abbas abbas (1) abbas (2) n.d. 650-657 Mab. (n.7,69) 653 Nomina Abbatum n.d. (silver) Nomina Diaconorum, n.d. (silver) Nomina Clericorum, n.d. (silver) Nomina ClericOrum, n.d. (gold) Nomina Clericorum, n.d. (gold) Nomina Clericorum, n.d. (silver) Nomina Clericorum, n.d. (silver) Nomina Monachorum, n.d. (silver) Sigered, joint King of Kent 759 x 765 ca. 800 King Coenwulf of Mercia 816 King Coenwulf of Mercia 816 King Ceoluulf of Mercia 823 King Beornwulf Sept. 30, 829 Council of Clofesho Council of Clofesho Council of Clofesho Oct. 30, 829 Archb. Wulfred 825 Archb. Wulfred 825 Council of Clofesho Council of Clofesho Council of Clofesho K. Beornwulf 825 K. Beornwulf 825 829 829 825 825 825 BCS BCS Grueber, pp. 9,13,16 BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Sim Sim BCS BCS BCS Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Sim Sim Pms Grueber, p. 199 386 916 928 930 932 933 939 935 936 993 950 959 962 D I. D I. 969 970 518 col. col. col. col. col. col. D I. D I. 273 280 209 209 209 209 209 209 268 269 X. 198 88 Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmund, moneyer of Ethelwulf Eanmund abbas Eammund abbud Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmu(n)d abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmund abbas Eanmundus abbot Eanmundi, abbot, dies Eanmund minister Eanmundo minister Eanmunde amico meo Aunimund Aunemund Annemund Aunemund Aonemund Annemund Eanmund dux Eanmundus gives alms ?Aunundr Sviakonungr Eamund, moneyer of Ethelrbed II Council of Clofesho 825 King Wiglaf of Mercia 836 838 x 858 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 890 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 890 King Berthtwulf of Mercia 891 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 891 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 891 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 891 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 891 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 893 or 899 King Berhtwulf of Mercia Dec. 25, 895 King Berhtwulf of Mercia (899 for) 898 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 851 n.d. n.d. King Ebelwulf of Wessex Apr. 22, 859 King Edelwulf of Wessex Apr. 22, 859 Cialulf (888 for) 868 MG II. 302 n.d. P. XV. 528 n.d. Pd. (n.329) n.d. MG II. 72 n.d. P. X. 321 n.d. MG II. 593 n.d. n.d. n.d. ca. 870 979 x 1016 89 QUESTIONABLE NAMES Liljegren no. 1220 ?Eumunt (runic) n.d. Langebek I. 12 ?Emundr Olafs svn Series triplex Reg Sept. n.d. Saga Lib. II. 139 ?Emund, son of King Olaf n.d. the Swede Saga Lib. II. 139 ?Emund becomes King in n.d. Sweden Saga Lib. III. 33 ?Emund aids K. Svein Wolfson n.d. of Denmark vs. Magnus the Good Heimskringla VII. 89 ?Emundr Olafsson Olafs Saga ens Helga Heimskringla II. 399 ?Emundr HRingsson of Skara Olafs Saga ens Helga CPB II. 135 ?Onundr, King of Sweden Tog-drapa n.d. Saxo VIII. 306 ?Omund, son of Ole n.d. Saxo VIII. 320 ?Omund made king of Denmark n.d. Saxo VIII. 321 ?Omund defeats Ring n.d. Saxo VIII. 322 ?Omund marries d. of Ring n.d. Saxo VIII. 330 ?Omund dies n.d. Pn. cal. 51 ?Eumund Test. Ermentn n.d. Pn. col. 51 ?Eomund Venant Portun n.d. Pn. col. 51 ?Eemund P. III. 296 n.d. Pn. col. 51 ?Emund, Emunt Necr. Gladb. p. 58, 71 n.d. 0N ?Eilifr B 999, 590 etc. Pdrstemann col. 28 Wimmer III. 10 Sweet, Gen., p. 168 Liljegren no. 186 Liljegren no. 196 Liljegren no. 709 Liljegren no. 791 Pn. col. 23 BCS 162 P1. W. p. 233 Parstemann col. 17 Harmer Writs XIV. 29 BCS 538 Thorpe DA p. 190 BCS 579 ASPR VI. 19 Grueber p. 83 Stefansson p. 295 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. 0r. Isl. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Grueber pp. 199,215 Njils Saga ch. 113 Njéls Saga ch. 75 (Q C.) ECGLAF -father of Unfero, a Dane Eglafes (gen) Eillef ailaif (runic) ecglaf Ailifr, son of Vifast Ikilaf (runic) Ikilaif (runic) Ilefr Ekileib, Eckileip, Eckeleib Ecglaf, Egclaf episcopus Ecglafus, 6th bishop of Dunwich Eggileib Ecglaf Ecglaf‘fi his geneat Ecglaf Ecglaf Ecglafes Eclaf or Ellaf, moneyer of Eadweard the Elder Ailaf in braipatun Eilifr enn Auoge Onundarson Eilifr Ketilsson Einhenda Eilifr Orn Atlason Eilifr enn Pruée Ceallacsson Eilfr enn Unge Eilifsson Eilifr Valla-Brannzson Eilifr i Odda Eilaf or Eilof, moneyer of Ethelrad II Eilif Eagle (Aern) Eilif Onundarson n.d. Wg. Tr. C 308 n.d. n.d. Nomina episc. Orientalium Anglorum ca. 778 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. MG n.d. Council of Clovesho 792 775 x 781 Schn. 827, 837 Werferth, bishop of Worc. 873 King Abelwulf of Wessex 879 Aldorman Ebelred of Mercia 896 896 Maldon 1. 267 901 fl. 925 Oldest known list Scand. names ca. 950 Landnama-boc V.7.2;19.7 n.d Landnama-boc II. 15.19 n.d V.9.6; 13.1 Landnama-boc III. 6.6 Thorwald 1 Gen. A. 32. (Barbarson) Cristne Saga 1.1 Landnama-boc II. 16. 1-2 Landnama-boc V.7.5;8.7;9.9 Landnama-DOC V0307. node Landnama-boc V.7.5. n.d. 976 x 1016 f].- Gas. 910 f1. 985 Heimskringla VII. 59 Heimskringla VII. 95 Heimskringla XII. 19 Heimskringla XIV. 2 Or. Or. Isl. Isl. p. 912 Parstemann col. 18 Liber Eliensis p. 151 CPB II. 211 P1. W. I. 161 Sim D II. 190 Annales Cambria p. 23 Earle pp. 235-6 KCD 728 KCD 729 Whitelock 1955 p. 559 (no.132) KCD 730 KCD 735 KCD 736 KCD 790 KCD 739 KCD 1317 KCD 737 KCD 737 KCD 739 CPB II. 995 CPB II. 995 Vapnfirdinga Saga ch.18 Kjalnesinga Saga ch.1 Grettis Saga chap.3 Fms II. 210 Morkinskinna p.58 Pms III. 152, 162 Pms I. 276 Pms IX. 262 Eilifr Gautske Earl Eilifr Ragnvaldarson Earl Eilifr Eilifr, father of Earl Orm Eilifr Skyte Eilifr Helgason Biolo Ailiv Eglaf comes £111: Eglafus, duke, arrives in Thanet Eilafus, a Danish leader Eilaf vastavit Demetiam eglaf eorl Egillaf dux Eilaf dux Eilaf, earl Eilaf dux Eglaf dux Eghlaf dux Eglaf dux Eglaf comes Aglaf comes Eglaf dux (1) Aegelaf eorl (2) Elaf dux iarl Eilifr Eilifr Gubrunarson Eilif Torfason Eilifr, shipmate of Helgi Biolan Eilifr Ketilsson Eilifr Ketilsson einhenda Eilifr, earl in Garoariki Eilifr Eilifr Helgason Eilifr duerger Olafs Saga ens Helga c. 1016 Olafs Saga ens Helga n.d. Sigurbs Saga Iorsalafara n.d. Sigurbar, Inga, ok Eysteins Saga Harallzsonar n.d. Liosvetninga Saga 5.1;6.6,8 Cristne Saga 3.5 Thorwald 7 Pol. R. p.65 n.d. Godiva n.d. Rimhenda n.d. 1009 1009 1016 Elfwerd 1017 x 1023 Cnut 1018 Cnut 1019 King Cnut 1019 Cnut 1019 Cnut, 1020 x 1023 Cnut, 1021 x 1023 Cnut, 1021 x 1029 Cnut 1022 Abbat Eadric 1022 Cnut 1023 Cnut 1023 Cnut 1023 Skaldatal n.d. Skalda-tal n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Saga Magnus goba ok Haralds harbraba n.d. 1000 1000 ca. ca. n.d. VIII. 112 IX. 257 IX. 286 IX 326 Pms IX. 293 Pms VIII. 208 Morkinskinna p. 352 Pms Pms Pms Pms Pms IX. 287-9 Orkneyinga Saga p. 38 Kjalnesinga Saga ch. 1,2,11 Viga-Styrs Saga ok Heibarviga ch. 15,17,32 pattr porvalds ens Vibforla ch. 1 Ems I. 255 Pms XI. 158-61 Pms VI. 132 Agrip af N6regs Sogum ch. 60 KCD 791 ASChr. EP W. Malm p. 220 KCD KCD KCD KCD 770 KCD 772 Sim D II. 195 1318 1320 1327 Birch, Hyde Reg. p.36 Orkneyinga Saga Ellis DB II. 99 Ellis DB II. 99 Ellis DB II. 99 Ellis DB II. 99 Ellis DB II. 99 Ellis DB II. 99 Ellis DB II. 99 p.69 92 Eilifr Eilifr Eilifr Eilifr Eilifr Eilifr Eilifr, Danish earl eplastdng Kapalin Kembir Kikr Kruna, Gubolfsson Orri Eilifr Sira iarl Eilifr Eilifr i Eilifsdal Eilifr gooi Eilifr orn Atlason Eilifr Urn Atlason Eilifr Eilifr, son of Ragnvald Eilifr, father of Dagr porgilsson eglaf dux Eglaf battles Cnut Eiglaf, King of the Swedes conquered by Cnut Ecglaf minister Ecglaf minister Eglaf eorl ecglaf It: ecglaf ‘ffi Eilaf huscarl accompanies Bishop Walcher Eilauus Puer Eilifr, father of Dagr Eilaf Eilaf Eilaf Eilaf Eilaf Eilaf Elaf n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Saga n.d. n.d. ca. 1030 n.d. Sigurbar ok Eysteins n.d. n.d. n.d. Jomsvikingasaga ca. 1010 n.d. n.d. Cnut 1029 1025 1025 Cnut 1033 Cnut 1035 Cnut n.d. Eadweard 1099 Eadweard 1099 1071 Nomina Pratrum Novi 1078 fl. ca. C3. 1080 Somers. 93 Devon, 115 Wore. 176b 1088 Hunt. 206 1088 Yorksh. 300b. 329b. 365b 1088 Glouc. 166b twice Yorksh. 298, 301 Line. 339b. twice 365b 1088 1088 1088 Linc. 1088 Ellis DB II. LVD LVD LVD LVD LVD LVD LVD Pms LVD LVD LVD Pn. BCS Ekwall p. 7 Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. p. p. p. p. p. p. X 123, 191 p. p. p. col. 23 23 18 97 98 98 78 79 100 196 197 1056 p. p. p. p. p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 93 Elaf teignus R. E. Eillaf Eilaf diac' Eilaf Eilaf Eilaf Eilaf Eilif Eilifr i Naustdal Eilef Eilaf Eilaf PLACE NAMES Ekkileivesroth eglafes forda Allithwaite Ellevsrdd Elitzrud Ellevsateren Ellevsrud Ellevsrdd Ellestad Elsrud Ellevsrud Eilifsey Eilevskjdn Eilevstad Elsaas Ellevset Ellevsden Elstad Elstad Eilifs dalsao Eilifs-fell Hertf. 190b. 1088 12th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 1217 x 1263 13th c. hand n.d. King Eadgar 960 (Hailiuethait ca. 1170 PC) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Eliffsrud 1909 DN II. 119) (i Ellefsstadhum 1993 DN II. 566) n.d. n.d. n.d. 1602 n.d. (Eyleffs- 1567) n.d. n.d. (Elleste 1559) n.d. Landnama-boc I. 6.5 Thorvald 5-6 0N Eggpir, Eggpir B 263, 373 Wimmer VII A a 9b Pornaldar Sdgur II. Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 19 Nielsen p. 19 Pbrstemann col. 20 Pdrstemann col. 20 Pdrstemann col. 20 Parstemann col. 19 Parstemann col. 12 Parstemann col. 12 Saxo VII. 269 Gertz I. 302.11 Hanksbdk Pormanna Sbgur CPB II. 519 CPB II. 629 Pms. V. 6 Pn. col. 25 Pn. col. 25 Parstemann col. 19 Pn. col. 17 Pn. col. 17 Pms. III. 189-98 Pms XI. 905 9 99 sccpfow -father of Beowulf, a Waegmunding Ecgbéow, Ecgpéo ikkpei (Latinized form) (runic) Egbir Aigatheo Eggideo Eggideo Eckideoz, Egideos Egideo Egideoh Egitheus Egittheus Eckideoz, Egideos Agateus Egthar Achadeus Achiteus Agathiu (feminine name) Ageteus, Agedeus Egid. Agido Egtherus, rex Biarmia 8 Pinnensis Egtherus Pinnensis Egbir Essbér Egbiss (gen) son of Skyli Egber Egbir Akkideus Acchideus Ageteus Aged Egedus, bp Asbi jarl PLACE NAMES Egbera n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist ch.2 Pd. (n.956) 703 P.I. 209 n.d. P. II. 623 n.d. MG I. 211,219; II. 177,180 Gr. I. 103 n.d. Gld. II. a. 98 n.d. P. II. 229 n.d. P. II. 596 n.d. Gld. II. a. 98 n.d. St. P. n.d. n.d. P.X. 980 n.d. P. I. 312f n.d. Tr. W. 808 Pol. Irm. pp.85,190,159 n.d. P. VIII. 653 n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 321 n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxo. VII.5 n.d. n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Sh. Voluspa n.d. Parf (n.269) 811 Parf. (n.207) 819 871 Anh. (n.2) 936 992-1015 ca. 998 Sogubrot ca. 800 95 ECGWELA -unknown Danish King 8 1710 Ecgwelan (gen.) n.d. P1. W. p. 259 ?Ecgwald Northumbrian gen. n.d. Parstemann col. 1220 ?Egiswalah n.d. ON Ibfurr B 2986, 2969 B 2993, 2997 Parstemann col. 360 Parstemann col. 360 Liljegren no. 117 Liljegren no. 131 Liljegren 115 156 216 220 259 281 296 891 no. Liljegren no. Liljegren Liljegren no. Liljegren no. Liljegren no. no. Liljegren no. Liljegren no. LVD p. 20 LVD p. 38 Parstemann col. 360 Pn. Keary I. 25,31,33,39,38 938 68-9 938 p. 9 Grueber p. 9 Pn. col. 939 Pn. col. 938 Pn. col. 938 Parstemann col. BCS 912 Keary II. 122 BCS 995 Parstemann col. col. 939 Parstemann col. Pn. col. Keary I. Pn. Grueber col. 360 360 Pn. 360 Fdrstemann col. 360 96 EOFOR -a Geat, slayer of Ongenbéow Eofores, Eafores (gen) Iofore (dat) Ibor, Iborea Ebero Jafur, father of Jarl Jufur father of Jarl son of father Jufur, Jufur, Vikbiarn Jofur, of Crigu Jofur Ofahi son of Puluka brother to Kisl Jufair, son of Kuha ?Eofa Jufur, son of Jufur, Jufur, ?Eofuruulf Ebur Ebur ?Eoba, a moneyer of Offa, Coenwulf, 8 Cynethryth Ibor, Langobard leader ?Eaba, a moneyer of Cuthred Ybor ?EOBA, moneyer of Offa ?EOBA moneyer of Cynebrub Hebero Ebur Eburus Ebro ?Iof presbiter Efeireos, a moneyer ?Eof presbyter Ebur Eburo Ebrio Ebaro n.d. n.d. 379 Greg. Tur. VII. 13 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Nomina Clericorum, (silver) Nomina Monachorum, n.d. (silver) Schn. 796 Dr. (n.116) f1. 790-800 796 Paul Diac.I. ca. 800 P. IV. 692 757 x 796 796 MG II. 929 MG II. 233,565 MG II. 177 825 Reeve Abba ca. 3’7. node n.d. n.d. n.d. Ng. 833 n.d. ArchbishOp Oswulf Necr. Fuld. 863 ca. 905 L6. (n.105) M.B. (n. XIII) 899 962 1090 Parstemann col. 360 P6rstemann col. 360 Parstemann col. 360 CPB I. 270 CPB II. 929 CPB II. 518 CPB II. 519 Egils Saga Skallagrimson chap.60 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 5 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 8 Pornaldar S8gur II. 8 Naumann p. 180 BCS 99 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 Ekwall, p. 162 ASChr DEP Ethelweard, p. 35 BCS 702 KCD 1393 Earle, pp. 235-6 KCD 809 Bjorkman p. 71 CPB I. 270 CPB I. 270 CPB I. 272 Pn. col. 939 Pn. col. 939 97 Ebero Eber Eporo, Epor, Ephoro Ibfurr Iofurr Ibfurr, son of Halfdan Gamli (Iaofurr) Iofurr, son of Dagr ijra Jéfur beur, son of Halfdan gamli beur, son of Dag 8 pore Ibor PLACE NAMES ?Eorferwic, Eoferwic Evercreech So ?Everdon Np Everingham Ye Everington Brk ?Everley W Everton Bd Eversden Ca ?Eversholt Bd ?Evershot DO Everthorpe YE ?Eoforwic, Eoferwic, Eferwic ?Eoforwic (York) eofor sol Eoferwicscire eofes hé'me Eofeshamme Iaforbe, Yorksh. Iofor-fagi Iofor-landi Ioforvik Eparaspach Eburesberg Gud. 1056 K. (n.252) 1099 St. P. n.d. Hofud-lausn n.d. n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 2 n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 2 n.d. Pd. I. 3,7,19 Pope Agatho Letter 680 (Evorcric 1065 Wells) (Eferdun 999 BCS 792) (Yferingaham ca. 972 BCS 1379) (Eurinton 1176 P) (Eburleagh 709 BCS 108) (Eureton DB) 1088 (Eueresdona c. 1080 ICC) (Eureshot DB) 1088 (Eureshet 1286 ch.) (Euertorp DB) 1088 189 866 King Lbelstan May 2, 939 Eadweard n.d. Elfwerd, 1017 x 1023 Ealdred 1099 x 1058 DB 1088 Hofublaush 68 ca. 950 x959 Hofublausn 63 ca. 950 x 959 Arinbiorn's Lay 16 ca. 970 n.d. n.d. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. col. col. col. co. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 939 982 98 Eperespouma Eburspiunt Eparaspach Eburesberg Eperespouma Eburspiunt Eperespruna Eberesburc Eporestal Eboresheim ?Efereshusen Eburessol Eberestat Ebursthorf Eberswanch Ebirswic Eburingen Eburinbah Evergehem Ebersperg n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. h" 8' (‘6' 3- .8. x! 8' .V.’ B 1960 ASChr E El. W. I. 19 ASChr . BC Nennius, para. 60 Pl. W. I. 15 Sweet, p. 126 Sweet, gen., p. 170 P1. W. p. 251 Ethelweard, p. 25 ASChr ABC Langebek I. 31 Parstemann col. 393 Grueber, p. 199 Baeda II. ch. 9 Bede 122.9 Gertz I. 928.16 Gertz I. 929.11 Gertz I. 937.27 Gertz II. 59. 7 Gertz I. 996. 5 Gertz II. 69.2 Gertz II. 69.9 Gertz II. 110.10 Langebek I. 155 BCS 667 BCS 1282 KCD 1295 99 EOMER -son of Anglian K. Offa Eomér...nefa Garmundes Eomar, assassin Eomer attempts to kill Eadwin Eomar, son of Angeltheow Eamer, son of Ongen Eomeri, ancestor of Penda Eomar (runic) eamer angengeating Eomer, son of Angengeat Eomer, an ancestor of Offa Eomar, ancestor of Offa Jarmar, kinsman of Rolf Krake Eomar Eamer, moneyer of Ethelrad Eumer Eomar Jarmarus bows to Absolon Jarmarus returns with Absolon to the King Cesarus decides to attack Jarmarus, princeps Rugie Jarmarus given upbringing sons of Bugislavus Jarmarus, princeps Rugie war between the peasants 8 Jarmarum Jarmer invades the Sclauus Jarmarus, princeps Ryonorum devastates Seland JARMARUS PLACE NAMES eomeres med7a Eomeres mmduan Eomares medwe n.d. 626 627 627 gen. Mercian gen. n.d. 627 gen. ca. 700 Mercian gen. n.d. Mercian gen. n.d. 755 gen. 755 gen. Series Runica Altera n.d. St. P. n.d. 979 x 1016 n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxo XIV. 29 Comp. Saxo XIV. 29 Comp. Saxo XVI. 3 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1189 Chronica Jutensis 1260 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1259 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1260 Chron. Arch. Lundensium c. 1260 Chron. Erici Regis n.d. King fibelstan 930 King Eadgar 972 Ebelred 1002 B 1960 ASChr E El. W. I. 19 ASChr . BC Nennius, para. 60 Pl. W. I. 15 Sweet, p. 126 Sweet, gen., p. 170 P1. W. p. 251 Ethelweard, p. 25 ASChr ABC Langebek I. 31 Parstemann col. 393 Grueber, p. 199 Baeda II. ch. 9 Bede 122.9 Gertz I. 928.16 Gertz I. 929.11 Gertz I. 937.27 Gertz II. 59. 7 Gertz I. 996. 5 Gertz II. 69.2 Gertz II. 69.9 Gertz II. 110.10 Langebek I. 155 BCS 667 BCS 1282 KCD 1295 99 fonts -son of Anglian K. Offa Eomér...nefa Garmundes Eomar, assassin Eomer attempts to kill Eadwin Eomar, son of Angeltheow Eamer, son of Ongen Eomeri, ancestor of Penda Eomar (runic) eamer angengeating Eomer, son of Angengeat Eomer, an ancestor of Offa Eomar, ancestor of Offa Jarmar, kinsman of Rolf Krake Eomar Eamer, moneyer of Ethelred Eumer Eomir Jarmarus bows to Absolon Jarmarus returns with Absolon to the King Cesarus decides to attack Jarmarus, princeps Rugie Jarmarus given upbringing sons of Bugislavus Jarmarus, princeps Rugie war between the peasants 8 Jarmarum Jarmer invades the Sclauus Jarmarus, princeps Ryonorum devastates Seland JARMARUS PLACE NAMES eomeres med7a Eomeres mmduan Eomares medwe n.d. 626 627 627 gen. Mercian gen. n.d. 627 gen. ca. 700 Mercian gen. n.d. Mercian gen. n.d. 755 gen. 755 gen. Series Runica Altera n.d. St. P. n.d. 979 x 1016 n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxo XIV. 29 Comp. Saxo XIV. 29 Comp. Saxo XVI. 3 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1189 Chronica Jutensis 1260 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1259 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1260 Chron. Arch. Lundensium c. 1260 Chron. Erici Regis n.d. King Ebelstan 930 King Eadgar 972 kbelred 1002 B 1960 ASChr E El. W. I. 19 ASChr . BC Nennius, para. 60 Pl. W. I. 15 Sweet, p. 126 Sweet, gen., p. 170 P1. W. p. 251 Ethelweard, p. 25 ASChr ABC Langebek I. 31 Parstemann col. 393 Grueber, p. 199 Baeda II. ch. 9 Bede 122.9 Gertz I. 928.16 Gertz I. 929.11 Gertz I. 937.27 Gertz II. 59. 7 Gertz I. 996. 5 Gertz II. 69.2 Gertz II. 69.9 Gertz II. 110.10 Langebek I. 155 BCS 667 BCS 1282 KCD 1295 99 EOMER -son of Anglian K. Offa EomEr...nefa Garmundes Eomar, assassin Eomer attempts to kill Eadwin Eomar, son of Angeltheow Eamer, son of Ongen Eomeri, ancestor of Penda Eomar (runic) eamer angengeating Eomer, son of Angengeat Eomer, an ancestor of Offa Eomar, ancestor of Offa Jarmar, kinsman of Rolf Krake Eomar Eamer, moneyer of Ethelrad Eumer Eomir Jarmarus bows to Absolon Jarmarus returns with Absolon to the King Cesarus decides to attack Jarmarus, princeps Rugie Jarmarus given upbringing sons of Bugislavus Jarmarus, princeps Rugie war between the peasants 8 Jarmarum Jarmer invades the Sclauus Jarmarus, princeps Ryonorum devastates Seland JARMARUS PLACE NAMES eomeres med7a Eomeres mzduan Eomares medwe n.d. 626 627 627 gen. Mercian gen. n.d. 627 gen. ca. 700 Mercian gen. n.d. Mercian gen. n.d. 755 gen. 755 gen. Series Runica Altera n.d. St. P. n.d. 979 x 1016 n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxo XIV. 29 Comp. Saxo XIV. 29 Comp. Saxo XVI. 3 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1189 Chronica Jutensis 1260 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1259 Vetus Chron. Sialandie 1260 Chron. Arch. Lundensium c. 1260 Chron. Erici Regis n.d. King fibelstan 930 King Eadgar 972 Ebelred 1002 ON Jarmunrekr B 1201 Pn. col. 982 Jordanes, Getica ch.29 Pertz VI. 23 Pn. col. 982 Parstemann col. 800 Nennius para. 58 W. Malm. p. 12 W. Malm. p. 13 Ethelweard p. 18 Pl. W. I. 12 Sim D II. 3 Sweet, Bede II. 5 Sweet, gen. p. 171 Sim D II. 367 P1. W. p. 298 ASPR III. 199 ASPR III. 150 ASPR III. 152 ASPR III. 152-3 ASPR III. 178 Parstemann col. 800 Parstemann col. 800 Pdrstemann col. 801 Parstemann col. 800 ' Parstemann col. 800 Parstemann col. 801 Parstemann col. 800 Parstemann col. 800 Parstemann col. 800 Pn. col. 982 Pn. col. 982 1100 EORMENRIC -King of the east Goths Eormenrices Ermanarich, Gothic King Hermanaricus, rex Gothorum Ermenricus ruled over all the Goths Ermenericus Ermenericus Eormenric, son of Ossa Yrmenricum succeeds Octa in Kent Ethelbirtus Yrmenrici filius Eormenrices, ancestor of Kent Kings Irmenrici, ancestor of Ebelberhtus Irmirici, ancestor of Ethelberht irminrici iurmenric Eormenric, ancester of Hengest Eormenric Eormanric...Hre6cyninga Eormanric (weold) Gotum Eormanric...Gotena cyning Eormanrices (gen.) Eormanric Ermenrich Ermenrich Aermanrich Irminrih Ermanrih Hermenarich Erminreich Ermanrih Ermanrihc Ermenricus, Swedish King Eramanrich n.d. ca. 360 ca. 370 Chonicon Wirziburgense ca. 370 Marius, p. 29 965 Jord. 23, 98 n.d. Kent gen. n.d. post 512 565 596 616 616 gen. Kentish gen. n.d. Cantwar n.d. n.d. Kentish gen. n.d. Widsith II. 5-9 Widsith 1.18 Widsith 11. 88-92 Widsith II. 109-111 Deor II. 21-26 Convent. Clipiac. 659 Mab. 653, 693 Tr. W. (n.12) ca, 730 Tr. W. (n.69) 790 Schn. 800 St. M. 887 M.B. sec. 11 n.d. St. P. n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. n.d. MG II. 158 n.d. Parstemann col. Pn. Pn. Pn. Parstemann col. 982 col. 982 col. 982 col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann Parstemann Pbrstemann Parstemann Parstemann Parstemann Pbrstemann Parstemann Parstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. Parstemann col. Pérstemann Parstemann Pdrstemann Langebek II. 333-335 col. col. col. 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 801 801 801 800 800 801 801 Parstemann col. 800 Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo VIII. VIII. VIII. VIII. VIII. VIII. 331 332 332-9 339 337 338 Langebek I. 65 Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz Gertz I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 162.3 168.19 175.96 187.16 323-326 325 326 101. Ermanaricus Hermanrich Hermenericus Hermenrih Irminricus Ermanricus Ermenrich Ermenrich Ermenrich Ermenrich Ermenrich Ermenrich Hermenrich Hermenrich Hermanaricus Ermenrich Ermenrich Herminericus Herminericus, Arminericus Jarmericus, son of Buthlus Ermenrich Iarmericus, prince of Denmark, captured Iarmericus escapes from Sclavs Iarmericus overthrows tharus, king of Swedes Iarmericus conquers Sweden Iarmericus has Swanhilda trampled by horses Iarmericus slain by Hellespontines JARMERICUS Jarmunrek,filius Siward Jarmundrok Jarmund rek Jarmundus koker, son of Siward Jarmericus Jarmericus deposes Buthlus Helespontes cut off hands and feet of Jarmericus Jord. 23, 98 n.d. MG II. 999 n.d. MG I. 107 n.d. MG II. 557, III. 59 n.d. P.I. 87 n.d. P.V. 31 n.d. P. II. (often) n.d. P. VI. 97 n.d. P. VI. 926 n.d. P. VII. (often) n.d. P. VIII. 23 n.d. P. VIII. 122-125,130 n.d. P.V. 365 n.d. P. VIII. 122 n.d. P. X. 313 n.d. Amm. Marc. n.d. Pol. Irm. n.d. Cassiod. Chron. n.d. n.d. Thoma Ghysmer n.d. Schn. 1058 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Cat. Regum Dania Brevior n.d. Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie, n.d. Reges Danorum n.d. Nomina Regum Danorum n.d. Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie n.d. Comp. Saxonis VIII.6 n.d. Comp. Saxo VIII. 8 n.d. Comp. Saxo VIII.9 n.d. CPB CPB CPB CPB CPB CPB CPB CPB CPB I. 302 II. 7 I. 53 I. 57 I. 58 I. 230 I. 230 II. 532 II. 591 Volsunga Saga p. 131 Volsunga Saga p. 159 Volsunga Saga p. 159 1102 Iaormunrekr has Svanhild trampled by horses Iaormunreks hand and feet out off by Member 8 Saorli Iaormunrekr had Svanhildr trampled by horses Iaormunrekr sees Hambér and Saorli in his hall Iaormunrekr witness his severed hands and feet thrown into fire Iaormunrekr, the ancestor of 12 berserks Iaormunrekr was kinsman by law to Sigurd Iormunrek enom rikja Ermenrekr Konungr inn riki Jormunrek 8 his marriage to Swanhild, d. of Gudrun Jormunrek sends son Randver to fetch Swanhild Hamdir 8 Sorli cut hands and feet of Jormunrek The long lay of Brunhild n.d. Bragis shield lay n.d. Hamdis-mal n.d. Hamdis-mal n.d. Hamdis-mal n.d. Hyndlo-liod n.d. Hyndlo-liod n.d. Hamtheow Lay Medley n.d. Hamtheow story from Edda n.d. ON Pinnr B 1096, 1152 B 1068, 1081, 1156 B 1128 B 1196 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 12 Pl. W. p. 297 CPB II. 16.51 CPB II. 526 Sweet, gen. p. 171 ASPR III. 150 Historia Brittonum chap. 31 CPB II. 269 Nennius, para. 31 Langebek II. 307 DI I. 505 ASChr BC Pms VIII. 2 Pl. W. I. 5 Sweet, p. 169 Gertz I. 261 Saxo IV. LVD p. 18 195 P1. W. I. 71 Asser p. 2 ASChr w. Malm p. 121 Ethelweard p. 33 H. Hunt II. 1 Heimskringla II. 8 Wimmer, Lordon Stone Jacobsen 8 Moltke no. 22 Liljegren no. 2019 Liljegren no. 1208 P1. W. I. 71 103 PINN -son of Polcwalda -King of the East Frisians Pin Pinnes (gen.) Pinne (dat.) Pin (acc.) Burri (called Finn), ancestor of Voden Pinn, ancestor of Woden Pinnr Pinna Konungs (gen.) finn goduulfing Pin Folcwalding Présnacynne Finn, son of Polcwald Pinni Finn, son of Godwulf Pyn finn, successor to vaolf Finn, son of Godwulf Pinnr Gobolfsson Finn, ancestor of Ida Pines Pyn Pyn has five sons Pinan Pinn, ancestor of Alfred Pinn, successor to Godwulf Finn (BC) Pin (AD), successor to Godulf Pinnus, successor to Godulfus Pin, successor to Goduulfe Pinn, son of Plocwald Pinnr, a great wizard fina (nom.) (runic) fin (nom) (runic) Pinr (runic) Pin (runic) Finn, ancestor of Alfred n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 6 n.d. n.d. Haustldng 51 n.d. Wayland Lay n.d. lind...ar. a n.d. Widsith 1.27 gen. n.d. Siguroar-badkr n.d. 997 gen. Thoma Gheysmeri n.d. gen. n.d. 597 gen. gen. n.d. 597 gen. ca. 651 Compendium Saxonis IV. 9 n.d. n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) 899 gen. 899 gen. 855 gen. Wessex gen. ca. 855 855 Wessex gen. ca. 855 Halfdanar Saga ens Svarta n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 899 gen. Isl. Isl. Isl. Or. Or. 0r. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sdgur II. 29 Or. Isl. Isl. Isl. Isl. 0r. 0r. 0r. Or. Isl. Heimskringla IV. 28 Or. Isl. Pms IV. 7 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar ch. 22 Ems I. 5, 90: II. 175 Fms II. 320 Fms X. 356, 362 Agrip af N6regs Konunga Sogum ch. 51 VIII. 362 VIII. 396, 360 IX. 983 IX. 286 II. 995 II. 153-69 Heimskringla VI. 101 Pms Ems Fms Fms CPB Pms Ems IV. 167-73 Gertz II. 21-23 Heimskringla VII. 116 Heimskringla VII. 83 Morkinskinna pp. 206- 215 Orkneyinga Saga p. 95 Pinne Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinne Pinne Pinne ‘109 Mottulsson Olkelsson Hallzon Laogsaogomaor enn Aubge Halldorsson enn Auége Halldorsson enn Aubgi Arnbiargson herra i Finna-fiaorb porgeirsson Goba enn Draumspake porgeirsson Goba Pinnr, father of Eyvindr Pinnr enn Skiélge Eyvindarson Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Skjalgi enn Skjalgi Skjalgi Eyvindarson af Herldndum Pinnr Pinnr, Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Finn Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Phin, Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Pinnr Eyvindarson father of Eyvindr frreyski forabi Knbttr Kalfsson Sveinsson litli dux exercitus S. OlaVi Arnason enn Litli O Arnason Arnason Landnama-boc II. 21 Landnama-boc V. 3.9 Landnama-boc IV. 5.9: V. 16.10 Hungrvaca 12 Landnama-boc I. 7.8; II.3.2 Holmverja Saga 1.1n. n.d. Halfs Saga ch. 2 n.d. Thorstein Staffsmitten 2.3 n.d. Charters p. 638 n.d. Landnama-boc IV. 1.2 Liosvetninga Saga 1. 5-6; 7.9 n.d. Landnama-boc VI. 18.1 Hakonar Saga Harallzsonar ch. 18 n.d. Landnama-boc V. 5.2 n.d. 950 x 970 n.d. ca. 1000 1000 1000 C3. C3. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Skalda-tal n.d. n.d. Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 101 n.d. Vetus Chron. Danorum 1028 Olafs Saga ens Helga Olafs Saga ens Helga Saga Magnus goba ok Haralds harbraOa ca. 1090 fl. 1090 gs. ‘I s.- CPB II. 206 Pms IV. 238ff: V. passim Heimskingla VII. 198 CPB II. 175 Ems VI. 96,263 Ems VI. 263ff Postbroebra Saga ch. 150 CPB II. 399 CPB II. 169 Heimskringla XI. 12 Morkinskinna p. 326 Orkneyinga Saga p. 69 Morkinskinna p. 922 Morkinskinna p. 927 Heimskringla XIV. 7 Morkinskinna p. 929 Heimskringla XVI. 30 Orkneyinga Saga p. 397 Orkneyinga Saga p. 379 Pornaldar Ségur II. 71 CPB II. 269 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 78 Pornaldar Sdgur II. 237 Pornaldar Sdgur III. 976 31118 DB II. 111 81113 DB II. 111 21113 DB II. 200 61113 DB II. 200 Ellis DB II. 200 LVD p. 51 Klaeber p. 296 BCS 627 BCS 1130 105~ O Finn Arnason captured Pinnr Arnason O Pinnr Arnason Pinnz (gen) (Arnason) Pinns Arnasonar (gen) Pinnr Arnason Pinnr Arnason Finn Arnason Pinnz (Arnason) Pinnr Skoptason Pinnr Skoptason Pinnr Skoptason Pinnr geit Pinnr Pinnr Sauoafilfsson Pinnr Saubafilfsson Pinnr Erlingsson Finn Kettilsson Finn Kjartansson Pinnr, son of Vikingr Pinni, son of Ulfr Pinnr, brdOir J6kuls Pinnr, man of Harekr Pinnr Fin Pin danus Phin Phin dacus Phin liber homo Fin PLACE NAMES Pinnsburuh to fin leage Pinnesporp n.d. ca. 1090 Olafs Saga ens Helga ca. 1090 n.d. n.d. ca. 1050 n.d. Olafs-rima n.d. Kalfs flokkr n.d. Magnfis Saga Berfoetta Saga Magnfis berfoetts n.d. fl. 1098 Saga Sigurbar slembis n.d. Saga Sigurbar slembis n.d. Sigurbar, Inga, ok Eysteins Saga Harallzsonar n.d. Saga Sigurbar slembis n.d. Magnfis Saga Erlingsonar Hemings pattr n.d. Hemings pattr ch. 1 n.d. borsteins Saga vikings- sonar ch. 9 n.d. n.d. porsteins Saga Vikingssonar ch. 12 n.d. Orvar-Odds Saga ch.19 n.d. Sturlaugs Saga Starfsama ch. 12 n.d. Line. 362 1088 Buck. 153 1088 Suff. 395b. 1088 Essex 91 1088 Essex 986. 1088 Early 13th c. hand The Fight at Finnsburg 1.36 King Eadward 909 Record of Medehamstede 972 x 992 c Pn. < q :n. C F‘s ‘ LII?“ Free] 5m; zit-'5; Em; 7.. 1 'J-‘al Or. Isl. Pn. col. 506 Pn. col. 5 Pn. col. 506 Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P' p. p. p. Liljegren Lindkvist Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. p. p. p. P. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 06 171 171 171 171 171 172 172 172 172 172 172 182 no. 55 p. 108 Gertz II. 70.29 Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. 70 70 70 70 70 106 Pinna-fiaorbr Pinisfelt Pinninga Pinenheim ?Pinborough SP ?Pinburgh Wa ?Pindon SX Pineshade Np Pinghall YN ?Pinmere O Pinningham Sf Pinningley Nt Pinsbury Mx Pinsthwaite La ?Pinstock O ?Fynham Wa Finstad Pinnesthwait Pinstad Vardal Pinstad Gran Pinsrud N. Land Pinset Gol. Pinsrud Modum Pindzrud i Slemdal Pinsbudalen Skaatd Pinsekre Hjartdal Finshus Skjold Pinset Eresfjord Pinset Nesset Pinset Aure Pinset Horg. Pinsvik Skogn Pinstad Skei Pinddrp, Pindrup, Pinderopp Pinstod Stod Pinsaas Snaasen Pinset Leka Pinset Gildeskaal Pinstad Buksnes Landnama-boc IV. 12 n.d. n.d. n.d. (Pineberga DB) (Pineberg 1237 C1.) (Fintona 1073 Fr) (Finesheved 1227 Ch) (Finegala DB) (Pinemere DB) (Piningaham DB) (Peniglei DB, Pinigleya 1229 Ep) (Pinesbury 1259 Val) (Fynnesthwayt 1336 PC) (Pinestoches ca. 1160) (Pinham 1289 Dugdale) n.d. Lanc. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1563 1610 n.d. n.d. n.d. (Pinzuikar AB 23) n.d. (Pinzstadom AB 12) n.d. Sialandia 1287 1336 Vetus Chron. n.d. n.d. 1520 n.d. n.d. Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 107 Fineness Lenviken Finfjorden Finsrud Finsrud Trogstad Skiptvet Finsviken Finstad Finstad Finstad Finsrud Finstad Finsrud Finstad Pinsal Finstad Finsrud Finstad Finsrud Raade Hobol Kraakstad Asker Urskog Urskog Skedsmo Vang Hd. Eidskogen 0. Rendalen V. Gausdal n.d. n.d. 1612 n.d. 1593 (Finstadom 1330 DN VI 152) (Finstadom 1396 DN III.389) n.d. n.d. (Finstadhum, R8 999) n.d. (Pinstadum1377 DN II. 398) (Finsuola1318 DN IV. 118) n.d. n.d. n.d. (Findzrud 1397 DN V. 155) PITELA -Nephew (and son) of Sigmund ON Sinfjotli, OHG Sintarfizzilo B 879, 889 Fitela n.d. BCS 259 ?Vitale King Offa of Mercia April 12, 790 Birch, Hyde Register ?ET Sancti Uitalis HALIDOM, etc. 9th c? p. 160 W. Malm p. 905 ?Sanctus Vitalis buried in n.d. Rome Pn. col. 508 Fizilinin Ng. (n.199) 817 Pu. col. 1338 Sintar Wizzilo Mchb (n.358) 817 Fn. col. 1338 Sintarvizzilo Mchb (n.318) 821 Pn. col. 1338 Sintaruihzilo Mchb (n.990) 823 Pn. col. 1338 Sintarvizilo Mchb (n.958) 829 Pn. col. 1338 Sintarvizzilo Mchb (n.995) $26 Fn. col. 1338 Sintarfizzilo Mchb (n.967) 827 Pn. col. 1338 Sintarvizzilo Mchb (n.510) 827 Pn. col. 1338 Sintarfizzilo MB (VIII. 379) 828 Pn col. 1338 Sintarvizzilo Mchb (n.532) 828 Pn. col. 508 Pezzilo R. (n.30) 839 Fn. col. 508 Fizzilo MB (XI.112) 891 Pn. col. 1338 Sintarfezzil R (n.79) 900 Fn. col. 507 Ficili MG II. 972 n.d. Fn. col. 507 Pezzil MG II. 397 n.d. Fn. col. 507 ?Vescil BC I. 29,30 (sec.11) n.d. Fn. col. 507 ?Vescel 86 I. 23 (sec.11) n.d. Pn. col. 508 Fesselo N. Arch. II. 118 n.d. Fn. col. 508 Pizila (fem) MG II. 193 n.d. Pn. col. 508 Ficelin P. (XVI). 236 n.d. Fn. col. 508 Pizzilo un I.3 p.17 928 CPB II. 528-9 Sinfiotli, son of Sigmundr Fri dauba Sinfiotla n.d. CPB I. 132 Sinfiaotla, son of Sigmund Helgakviba n.d. CPB I. 261 Sigmundr 8 Sinfiaotli, Eriks-mal n.d. welcome Eirekr to Odins hall Volsunga Saga p. 99 Sinfjotli, son of Sigmund n.d. Volsunga Saga p. 98 Sinfjotli and Signy kill n.d. two sons of K. Siggeir Volsunga Saga pp.50-51 Sinfjotli burns down n.d. Siggeirs hall Volsunga Saga p. 52 Sinfjotli rules with Helgi n. Volsunga Saga p. 59 Sinfjotli accompanies Helgi n.d. to realm of K. Hodbrodd Volsunga Saga p. 59 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 259 Earle 262 ASChr. E Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. LVH p. 52 LVD p. 71 LVD p. 56 LVD p. 95 BCS 705 BCS 952 Ekwall p. 172 Ekwall p. 172 Ekwall p. 172 111 299 299 299 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 1093 Sinfiotli poisoned by Borghild Sigmundr has son Sinfjbtla ?Uibel at Culumtune ?Vithele, abbot, accedes to Westminster Fitel ?Vitalis ?Vitalis Presbyter E.R. ?Vitel ?Vitalis ?Vitalis ?Vitalis ?Vitalis ?Vitalis ?Vitalis ?Vitalis homo Widonis de Credun ?Vitalis Presbyter ?Vithel ?Vitalis abbatis ?Vitalis ?Vitalis PLACE NAMES fitelan sladas crundel at Bitelanwyrthe Pitling Ye Fittleton W Fittleworth Sx n.d. Nornagests pattr ch. 5 11th c. 1076 Somers. 98 1088 Dev. 115b. 116b. twice 1088 Hunt. 208 1088 Wilts 72b. twice 1088 Kent. 3b, 10bis. 12b 1088 Dors. 80 1088 Somers. 99, 99b, 98 1088 Dev. 107b 1088 Staff. 299 1088 Essex, 55b, 73b, 1088 Linc. 367b. twice 1088 Hants, 39 1088 Wilts, 65b 12th 0. 13th c. hand early 13th c. hand 13th c. hand King Ebelstan Dec. 16, 939 King Eadwig 956 (Piteling ca. 1150 YCH) (Viteletone DB) 1088 (Pitelwurba 1168) 111) FOLCWALDA -father of Pinn, a Frisian ON Piolkaldr B 1089 Folcwaldan sunu n.d. LVD p. 20 Folcuald Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) Historia Brittonum Folcwald, son of Geta gen. n.d. ch. 31 ASPR III. 150 Folcwalda Widsith 1.25 DCB II. 536 Flocweald, Flocoaldus, ca. 710 bp. Auxerre Pn. col. 556 Fulcuald, bp. Lyon 717-799 Pn. col. 557 Pulcoald Farf. (n.20) 798 Fdrstemann col. 996 Polcholt Schn. 755, 758 Pn. col. 557 Polcholt St. G. (n.57) 770 Fdrstemann col. 996 Polcholt Ng. 773 Pn. col. 557 Pulcoald Farf. (n.108) 777 BCS 250 Facuualdus dux Legates George 8 787 Theophylact Farstemann col. 996 Volcholt Tr. W. (n.209) 788 Pn. col. 557 Polcholt St. G. (n.325) 829 Pbrstemann col. 996 Polcholt Schn. 838 Fdrstemann col. 996 Folholt ' x. (n.109) 839 Pn. col. 557 Polcholt St. G. (n.905) 898 Pn. col. 557 Volcholt St. G. (n.950) 856 Farstemann col. 995 Fulcuald Conc. Cabilon 875 Pn. col. 557 Pulcoald P. XIII. 328 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Fulcold, Fulcald MG II. 156 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Pulcald P. XVI. 986 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Pulcald Pol. Irm. pp.63,175 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Polchwald MG II. 301 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Polcold MG II. 226, 265 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Folcolt MG II. 135 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Volcholt MG III. 90 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Volcolt MG II. 129 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Polcholt MG often n.d. Pn. col. 557 Polchol (sic) MG II. 589 n.d. Pn. col. 557 Folcolft MG I. 398 n.d. Pn. col. 1639 Vulculd ‘P. XIII. 318 n.d. Pdrstemann col. 996 Polcholth Laur. sec. 10 (n.522)n.d. Fcrstemann col. 996 Polcholt Necr. Aug. n.d. Fdrstemann col. 996 Polcholt St. P. twice n.d. Parstemann Parstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Parstemann Forstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann PBrstemann Fdrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Farstemann Forstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pdrstemann Fdrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. 996 996 995 995 995 col 995 col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. Inqu. Eliensis Ellis DB II. Farstemann col. Pn. col. $57 Farstemann col. CPB I. 96.87 Parstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Pn. col. 557 Pn. col. 557 Pn. col. 557 320 995 995 995 995 995 996 996 995 995 995 996 995 995 995 996 995 996 995 996 996 996 996 Folchold Volcold Polcold Polcold Folcoald Pulcoald Pulcoald Pulcoald Fulchoald Fulcald Polcold Volcold Polchald Pulcold, Fulcald Fulcold Pulcold, Fulcald ?Polcolst Pulcoald Polcold Folcald Volcold, Volkold Folkolt Volcholt Folcolt Fulcold homo abbatis de Ely Pulcoldus Folchold, Volchold Volcold Volkold Piolkaldr PLACE NAMES Folcoaldeshaim Folcholtespara Volcholdes Folcoldingen Folcholdesbiuanc Laur. sec. 8 (n.212) n.d. C.M. Aug. Laur. sec. 8 (n.921) n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 269 Gest. Reg. Dagobert I. n.d. n.d. n.d. P. I. 997 n.d. P. X. 321 n.d. P. X. 526 n.d. P. IX. 189 n.d. P. VI. (often) n.d. P. VIII. (often) n.d. P. IX 899 n.d. P. I. 368 n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 31, 63 n.d. Pol. R. p.95 n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 160,175n.d. Gld. II. a.99 d. Ch. I. 677 H. 928, 995 St. M. 972 Gud. 975 Gud. 1056 Lc. ca. 1070 Gud. 1079 1087 n.d. n.d. Hants, 97b 1088 Dev. 110b Hertf. 13Gb Buck. 196 Gud. 1090, 1092 K. (n.239) 1090 G. (n.72) 1093 Lay of Svipdag and Menglad n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. B 2022 En. col. 1112 FREAWARU -daughter of Hrothgar -married Ingeld Fréaware (acc) n.d. 525 Preioverus St. n. 967 B 2503 1113 PRESCYNING -King of the (West) Frisians -Deghrefn's lord Prescyning(e) n.d. 11L) FRODA -Heabo-bard chief -father of Ingeld ON Prob, ODan Frothi OSw Frodhe No. 1-Probi, son of Skjold, brother to Haldanus Pant I. 5 Frodhe, son of Neork Frag. Cat. Svethice n.d. Gertz I. 96 Frothi, filius Skjold Svenonis Aggonis chap. 1 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p.6 Frothi, a Skjolding n.d. Saga of Hrolf Kraki p.1 Frothi kills Halfdan n.d. Saga of Hrolf Kraki p.11 Frothi burned in hall by n.d. Helgi' and Hroarr No. 2-Fribfrothi, son of Fribleifr CPB I. 189 Probi, son of Pribleif Grotta-songr n.d. CPB I. 187 Probi rules at Hleibra Grotta-songr n.d. CPB II. 97 Frobi made a great peace Einar's Vellekla n.d. CPB I. 187 Hrolf Kraki will avenge Grotta-Songr n.d. Halfdan on Frobi CPB I. p.270 "Froda miaol" (gold) Hofud-lausn n.d. CPB I. 189 Probi makes seeresses Grotta-songr n.d. grind gold Orkneyinga Saga, p.169 Prébi's meal Hofud-lausn n.d. CPB II. 271 gold is called "corn of n.d. Probi" Heimskringla Probe Ynglinga Saga ch.12 n.d. Or. I. 505 Fripfroba(gen), son of Gen. n.d. Pripleifr Porn. Sbgur II. 11 Fribfrothi, son of Fribleifr Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 5 n.d. Forn. Sbgur II. 12 Pribfrobi, son of Frioleifr Gen. of Haraldr harfagri ' n.d. Pornaldar Sbgur III.502 Fribfroba konung Sturlaugs Saga Starfsama ch. 28 n.d. CPB II. 235 Eirik, "the lord of Frobi's Eiriks-drapa n.d. throne" No. 3-Probi hin fragha, successor to Hading, father of Halfdan Gertz I. 161.3 Frothi hin Frag: Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie n.d. Gertz I. 175.9 Frothe hin fragha Nomina Regum Danorum n.d. Gertz I. 186.13 Frotho, son of Hading Incerti Auctoris Genealogia Regum Danie n.d. Gertz I. 229 Frotho followed his father Comp. Saxonis II. 1 n.d. Hading to the throne Gertz I. 230 Protho's sister Swanhvvita Comp. Saxonis II. 2 n.d. married Regner, son of Hunding Gertz I. Gertz I. II. 3 p. Gertz I. Gertz I. Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Saxo II. Saxo II. Saxo II. Saxo II. Saxo II. Saxo II. Saxo II. Saxo II. CPB II. 3 CPB II. 9 DI I. 505 Pornaldar Sbgur II.11 Pornaldar Sdgur II. 12 CPB II. 5 230 231 232 233 239.25 I. 27 I. 31 I. 65 I. 79 I. 151 II. 293 95 96 97 98 99 59 56 61 69-70 23 22 1115 Protho's sister Vluildam married Vbbo Protho conquers Frisians Protho left sons Haldanum, R0 8 Scatum Swanhwit, soror Prothonis PROTHE Kunung hin Harede FROTHE Kunung, Hadings son PROTHO FROTHO Hin familde (Fregge, Frdgne) filius Hading PROTHI hin FEMILDE Protho, successor to Hadingus Protho succeeds Hadding as King of Denmark Protho kills a dragon Protho attacks a town by treachery Protho conquers the Ruthenaians Protho attacks city of Handwan Protho makes peace with Ragnar Protho conquers the Frisians Protho dies stifled by heat of his body Probi was Openhanded Probi is famous sea king succeeded by Wermundus fropa ins frekna (gen) son of Havarr handrammi Probi, son of Hévarbr enn handrammi Frobi, son of Havarr Probe, son of Havarr Handrami Comp. Saxonis II. 2 n.d. Comp. Saxonis II. 3 n.d. Comp. Saxonis II. 9 n.d. Comp. Saxonis III. 1 n.d. n.d. Series Runica Altera n.d. Series Runica Prima Cat. Regum Dania Brevior n.d. Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. n.d. Chron. Erici Regis n.d. Thoma Gheysmer n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Runakvida n.d. Thulor n.d. No. 9-Frobi, son of Havarr enn handrammi Gen. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist 'Che 5 Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 6 Langfebga-tal n.d. n.d. n.d. HI I“. a) 2 av. 4 Heimskringla I. Pornaldar Sbgur DI I. 505 Pornaldar Sbgur Gertz I. 106 CPB II. 522 Pornaldar Sbgur DI I. 505 Heimskringla I. Heimskringla I. Heimskringla I. Heimskringla I. CPB p. 298 Or. Isl. p. 239 CPB II. 522 Gertz I. 97 DI I. 505 CPB I. 228 Langebek I. 27 Langebek I. 32 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 89 Langebek I. 153 2116 No. S'Probi enn Pribsami, successor to Dan 29 II. 11 II. 12 enn mikillati Probe Mikillite, son of Dan Mikellate Probi enn fribsami froba fripsama (gen.) son of Olafr Frobi enn fribsami, son of Olof Frothi Senex, son of Dan Supurbus Probe Pribsami, son of Dan Mikillati Ynglinga Saga n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 5 Gen. n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist ch. 6 n.d. Svenonis Aggonis n.d. Langfebga-tal n.d. No. 6-Probi enn froekni, son of Pribleifr II. 12 30 30 31 31 succeeded by Halfdan Frdbi enn froekni, son of Pribleifr fropa ins frekna (gen), son of fripleifr King Probe enn Prakni Probe gave aid to King Egill at Uppsala Probe fights with Ottarr Vendil-krakea Probe's earls kill Ottarr Probi's island earls slew Ottar at Vendle Pr6be Hroereksson, father of Halfdan Probe, son of Hroerekr Hnaggvanbangi Frothi hin Prokni, son of R6kil Slaghenback fropa (gen.), son of Hrarekr Slavngvanbaugi Probi, ancestor of Ottarr Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 6 Gen. n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 30n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 30 n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 31 n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 31 n.d. Ynglinga-tal n.d. Gen. A.1. n.d. Langfebga-tal n.d. Svenonis Aggonis chap.n.d. Gen. n.d. Hyndlo-liod No. 7-Frobi hin Frdkne,successor to Huglekr PROTHE Kunung hin Storletan, Series Runica Prima Hughleks sun PROTHE Kunung, Huhlesth sun PROTHO FROTHO hin Practa, vel Sterka, ve Prdgne PROTHI hin PRECNE Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Saxo IV. Saxo IV. Langebek Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. 161.8 168.2 175.22 187.9 26 199-5 195 II. 306 161 168 187 175 Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. I. 27 I. 32 I. 65 I. 85 I. 153 106.5 161.9 168.9 175.25 1117 Frothi hin Frdkne, successor to Huglekar Prothi hin freghe Prothi hin frékne succeeds Hughleker Frothi hin Prdkne son of Hughlek Protho hin frdna kills Frogerus Frotho Vegetus, king of Denmark, son of Hugletus defeats Proger, King of Norway Dan, son of Protho comes to Danish throne Frotho hin Prbna, successor to Hucletus Frothi hin Prdkne, successor to Huglekar Frothi hin freghe, successor to Huglekier Prothi Prdkne, son of Hughlek Prothi hin frdkne, successor to Hughleker No. 8-Frobi Frithgothae -son of Fribleves Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie n.d. Reges Danorum n.d. Nomina Regum Danorum n.d. Incertis Auctoris Gen. n.d. Comp. Saxonis IV. 8 n.d. n.d. Thoma Ghysmer n.d. Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Incerto Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Nomina Regum Danorum -follows - Dan hin Storlatne- - Prithleuus - Frobi Frithgotha Frébi Fribleifsson PROTHE Kunung hin Prethgbthe, Prithlefs sun PROTHE Kunung Frithgothe, Frithlafssun PROTHO, son of Fridlevus PROTHO hin Fritgotha, filius Fridlevi FROTHI hin FRITHGOTHE Prothi Prithgotha, called Largus succeeds Prithleuer Frothi hin Femilde succeeds Prithleuer Prothi hin Gothe Frothi frithgothe, successor to Prithleuer hwati Gen. n.d. Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis Sven Aggonis chap. IV Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Gertz I. 187.6 Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo Saxo V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. CPB II. Saxo Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Langebek V. B 2025 Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek 198-53 155-57 186 166-80 189 190 192 192 200-2 205 208 523 210 262-289 275 281 283 289 II. 307 I. 27 I. 32 I. 65 I. 85 1118 Prothi puer Bonus Frotho, King of Denmark, son of Fridleif Protho proves tyrranous, fights Norwegians Protho conquers the Sclavs Protho contends with Eric Protho marries Alfhild Protho conquers King Gotar of Norway Protho defeats the Rutenians Protho conquers the Huns Protho attacks and conquers Norway Frotho attacks and conquers England Frotho conquers Ireland Probi Proekni, King of Dublin Protho dies Protho hin frithgotha successor to Fridlewo Protho kills Gotharus and gives kingdom to Rollero Protho had daughter Offurum and son Aluonem Christ was born during Frotho's reign Fridleuum succeeds Protho Protho hin frithgotha, son of Pridlevus No. 9-Probi hin Pemilda, -son of Frithleues -father of Ingild Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Laxdola n.d. n.d. Comp. Saxonis V. 1-2 Comp. Saxonis V. 11 Comp. Saxonis V. 18 Comp. Saxonis V. 20 Comp. Saxonis VI. 1 Thoma Ghysmer -succeeded by Ingild, then Olaf Pr5dan (gen) PROTHE Kunung hin Harthe, Frithlefs sun PROTHE Kunung, Frithlefs sun FROTHO, son of Pridlevus PROTHO hin Famildha, filius Fridlevi n.d. Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. we. -5. Us.“ 9nd. at.“ \«P Langebek Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Langebek I. 153 175.28 187.9 287 290-1 295 297 52 52 I. 226-7 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 11 CPB Or. Isl. Or. Saxo Isl. VI. Saxo VI. Saxo VI. Saxo VI. II. 522 223 231 232 299 Saxo VIII. 328 Langebek CPB I. 370 Gertz I. 177 Langebek p. 19 BCS 73 1119 FROTHI hin PREKNE, slayer of Hams Prothi hin familda, son of Prithlef Frothe Largus son of Frithleph Protho hin thagen son of Pridleuus defeats Svartingum and Haneuus Protho kills Haneuus, slain by Swertingus Ingellus had not avenged his father Frotho Ingellus slays seven sons of Sverting Frothi Largus, son of Fritleff Prothi slain by Swarthing's sons, succeeded by Ingyald Frothe Largus, son of Fritleff Probi enn froekni, son of Pribleifr Probe Proekni, son of Pribleifr Fr6be, King, father of Ingialldr Probe enn Proekne Protho, King of Denmark, son of Pridleif Protho subdues the Saxons Protho slain by Swerting: also slays Swerting Protho had been treacherously slain Protho had been slain by sons of Swerting Protho hin thagen, father of Ingellus Probi Frothe PROTHE Prod Bates, Much. Cart. p. 96 Abbati Prodi Bates. Much. Cart. pp. 35-6 Prody Abbati Chron. Erici Regis Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Comp. Saxonis VI. 3 Comp. Saxonis V. 5 Comp. Saxonis VI. 9 Comp. Saxonis VI. 9 Chron. Lethrense chap. 8 Chron. Lethrense chap. 9 Annal. Esrom. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 5 Langfebga-tal n.d. Landnama-boc III. 13.1 Gen. 13.12 Laxdcela Saga 1.1 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Ghysmer The Rune Poem Wilhelmi Abbatis Gen. Regum Danorum Catalogus Regum Dania Osuuyni, King of Kent 689 King Inc 693 King Ine n.d. Bates, Much. Cart. p.95 BCS 97 BCS 98 BCS 108 Langebek I. 28 Langebek I. 32 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 153 Langebek II. 322 Gertz I. 161.10 Gertz I. Gertz I. 106 168.5 Gertz I. Gertz I. 175.32 187.10 Gertz I. 298 Gertz I. 300 Grettis Saga chap.3 Pbrstemann col. 932 LVD p. 10 Jacobsen 8 Moltke, no. 289 Liljegren no. 1992 Wimmer III. 18 Wimmer III. 22 Wimmer IV. 2 Nielsen p. 27 col. 591 Pbrstemann col. 932 Pn. col. 591 Pn. col. 591 Fbrstemann col. 932 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 Pn. 12C) abbate Prode Prodi Prodi Froda Abbas No. 10 Frothi son of Olaf Abbot Prode Wihtred, King of Kent July, 697 Wihtred, King of Kent 697 King Ini May 26, 709 n.d. -brother to Haraldus (Haldanus) -called rdthbagna PROTHE Kunung hin Prbkne Olafs sun ' PROTHE Kunung, Olafs sun PROTHO, son of Olavus PROTHI RECHBANE Frotho son of Olavus Prothi, frater Harald Prothi, filius Olavi Frothi rdthgbagna, slain by Harald his brother Prothi Prothonem succeeded by his brother Haldanus Protho, son of Olauo, first ruled the sea Prothone succeeded by Haldanus Probi Konungr Frodone Prod (frood in Sweet) frapi, Bjaresjo 3 (runic) Props (runic) frapa (runic) fropa (runic) frupar (runic) Probi Pruato Pruoto Pruatto Pruoto Prode Pr6bi konungr, brother of Helgi hvassi Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Chron. Erici Regis Thomae Gheysmer Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Sven Aggonis chap. 9 Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris Gen. RerunIDanie, Comp. Saxonis VII. 2 Comp. Saxonis VII. 9 Gen. n.d. Mab. 798 Nomina Prasbyterorum n.d. (gold) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Tirsted Rune n.d. MG II. 393, 503 n.d. Gld. II.a. 100 n.d. MG II. 507 n.d. MG . 115, 319 (sic)n.d. Pol. Irm. p.99 pattr af Ragnars Sonum n.d n.d. Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 Langebek Langebek Langebek Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I . Gertz I . Gertz I . Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek ‘ Langebek I. 173 I. 173 I. 173 17.11 157.5 159.17 163.13 170.11-13 176.63 I. 368 I. 368 I. 368 I. 368 I. 368 I. 19 I. 29 I. 33 I. 66 I. 158 I. 267 I. 267 Saxo IX 385 Langebek Gertz I. Gertz I. II. 395 109 350.8-13 121. Fr6bi Konungr, uncle to Sigurbr hjortr No. 11 PROTHO successit FROTHO obiitgsecundus PROTHE successit PROTHO obiitgruled 27 years Prothi, successor to Hericus (P) rothe rex, successor to (E)ricus rex Frothe rex Danorum 8 Anglorum Prothi, victor Anglie filius Suen Langfot Prothi, victor Anglie, ruled 20 years Prothi, uictor Anglie PROTHE successit PROTHE Rex Danorum obiit Secundus PROTHE successit PROTHE Rex sent to Agapitum Pope that BishOps be sent into Dania PROTHE obiit PROTHE Rex Danorum 8 Anglorum PROTHE Kunung hin Priskhe PROTHE Kunung PROTHI victor Anglie, filius SVEN PROTHI, victor Anglia PROTHONE (succeeds) Frotho VI moritur Protho, King of Denmark, son of Kanute I Protho, successor to Knuto Protho, son of Kanutus Knutus succeeded by his son Protho pattr af Ragnars Sonum Frothi, Victor Anglie son of Suen Longfoth same as Prothi Knute's son succeeds Ericus, then Ericus Petri Olai Annales Dan.901 Petri Olai Annales Dan.805 (for 905) Petri Olai Annales Dan.931 Chronicon Roskildense chap. 9 Series Regum Danie 909 Catalogus Regum Danie 909 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Anon. Nestved Chron. 901 Anon. Nestved Chron. 925 Anon. Nestved Chron. 925 927 931 Catalogus Regum Dania 909 Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Series Regum Dania Chron. Erici Regis Hamsfortii Chronol. Secunda 883 Hamsfortii Chronol. Secunda 885 n.d. Thoma Ghysmer Seven Aggonis chap. 9 Comp. Saxonis X, 11 1122 No. 12 - Protho, son of Ingellus - brother to Olauus - died in battle - did not succeed his father Gertz I. 291, 297 Protho, filius Ingelli Compendium Saxonis VI. 6, VII. 1 Saxo VI. 233 Protho, King of Denmark, n.d. son of Ingild Saxo VI. 233 Frotho given sway over the n.d. sea Saxo VII. 260 Frotho an inglorious rover n.d. Saxo VII. 261 Protho has his brother n.d. Harald killed Saxo VII. 263 Protho killed by Halfdan n.d. 8 Harald Langebek II. ad 266 PRODIUS Rex Ringarikia Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Or. Isl. Pr6be Vemundarson ens Gamla Landnama-boc I.3.10: V.10.1; 10.9 ca. 850 Postbroebra Saga Probi, fornkonungr chap. 2 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 9 Probi, son of Aubr CPB II. 519 Prdba, son of Audi Heimskringla III. 1 Probe Eysteinsson of Heibmark Pms X. 180-1 Pr6bi Eysteinsson Hverau Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Para. Hyndla‘s Lay n.d. ca. 870 ca. 870 No. 13 - Probe son of Haraldr Harfagri Heimskringla III. 21 Probe Harallzson Agrip af N6regs Konunga Probi Haraldsson Or. Isl. Probe iarl Or. Isl. Probe Ogmundarson CPB II. 66 Probi, brother of Cormac H. Hunt. p. 160 Proda, ductor Normannus Egils Saga Prdbi, Norwegian Skallagrimssonar, chap.57 Fms I. 5-8 Pr6bi Haraldsson Pms X. 199-6, 378 Prdbi, Haraldsson hirfagra Grueber pp. 192,198 Prob, moneyer of Eadred Pms IV. 7-9 Prdbi Haraldsson Viga-Styrs Saga Prdbi, einn Gislunga ok Heibarviga chap.32 Pms XI. 908 Prdbi, konungr of Jétland Harallz Saga Harfagra chap. 21 post 870 Cormacs Saga 1. ca. 925 Cormacs Saga 2. ca. 930 Cormac 8 Bersi's Improvisations 937 ca. 990 ca. 930 fl. ca. 930 fl. 996 x 955 ca. 950 n.d. ca. 950 Pms. I. 109, 250 Pldamanna Saga chap. 5 Pn. c CPB I 01. 591 I. 59 Pbrstemann col. 932 Pms I Liber Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis KCD 3 Or. I Or. I Or. I Pn. Pn. c V. 17 Eliensis p. 205 921 DB I. DB II. DB II. DB II. DB II. DB II. DB II. 58 sl. s1. sl. col. 591 01. 591 MmMsLH. Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 Prygh p. 76 Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 p. 76 318 318 318 318 119 199 p. 218 f123 Prbbi Jétakonungr Proba, father of Ormr Prodo Proba Prodo Prébi Eiriksson bldbaxar Prodo, brother of Baldwin Prodo frater Abbatis Prodo Frodo Prodo frater Abbatis Prodo Prodo Prodo frater Abbatis PLACE NAMES pro Frodmortell Fr6b-ar-6ss Prdb-ao Frdb-ér-land Prutenheim Prodinctorp Prodincgtune Prorud Prodevik Plordd Frodarud Prostad Prodalandsbd Proland Proholt Frotveit Proastad Prostad Prostad Provaag n.d. n.d. H. (n.171) 960 Thorarins Mahlidinga-visor H. n.171 960 fl. ca. 970 1082 x 1087 E58. 92, 103b, 1088 Suff. 359b. Suff. 363b 1088 Norf. 210b. twice 211b. 212b. Suff. 359b. 360. 36Gb. 368 1088 Suff. 359b. 363b. 1088 396 Suff. 181b 1088 Suff. 336b 1088 Essex. 103b 1088 £belstan n.d. Eyrbyggia Saga 90 Eyrbyggia Saga 15 Carlsemne 2.2 Eyrbyggja Saga 15 n.d. n.d. K. Ebelred 982 (Frodarud 1911) n.d. (Frodarud R8 127) n.d. n.d. n.d. (Prodoland 1900) n.d. n.d. (from Prodostadher) (from Prodastadum) (from Prodavaaglom) n.d. n.d. n.d. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. 180 180 180 180 180 Saxo V. 202 12L; Prodesley Sa Prodingham Li Prodsham Chs North Prodingham YE South Prodingham YE Prothonis Petra (Prodeslege DB) 1088 (Prodingham 1125-8 LN) (Protesham DB) 1088 (Protingham DB) 1088 (South Prothingham 1285PA) n.d. ON Geirmundr B 1962 Pn. col. 1536 ASChr. BC Pbrstemann col. 1261 ASChr. ABC Ethelweard, p. 25 Sweet, gen., p. 170 Sim D II. 366 P1. W. p. 251 Gertz I. 96 Gertz I. 161 Nennius para. 60 Gertz I. 168 Gertz I. 175 Gertz I. 186 Gertz I. 255-260 Saxo IV. 130-3 Saxo IV. 138-93 Langebek I. 27 Langebek I. 32 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 83 Langebek I. 152 Langebek II. 309-305 Gertz I. 177 Gertz I. 179 DI. I. 505 CPB II. 522 Liljegren no. 2009 1125 GARMUND -father of Anglian King Offa -uncle of Eomer Nefa Garmundes (gen) Veremundu (sic) Warmund, ancestor of Penda Veremund Warmund, ancestor of Offa Vuermund, ancestor of Offa uermund uihtlaeging Vermund, ancestor of Penda Wermund, son of Wihtlag Wermundus Prudens, rex Dacia Wermund, successor to Wiglath Guerdmund, son of Guithleg Varmun blinde Vuermund blinde Wermundus Prudens Wermundus Wermundus, king of Denmark, son of Wiglek Wermundus, old and blind, is rescued by his son Uffo VERMUND Kunung Vitlefs sun VERMUND Kunung, Vithlesth sun VERMUNDUS (son of Vigletus) VERMUNDUS BLINDE, filius Vicleti WERMUNDUS BLINDE Wermundus, father of Uffo Wermundus Guermundus Vemundar Vitra (gen) son of frobi inn frekni Vermund Vitri, son of Probe Kairmuntir (runic) n.d. an (n.135) 985 626 Conc. Tolet 683 755 755 Mercian genealogy n.d. n.d. Mercian gen. n.d. Svenonis Aggonis chap. 1 n.d. Series ac Brevior Historia Regum.Danie n.d. mercian gen. n.d. Reges Danorum n.d. Nomina Regum Danorum n.d. Incerti Auctoris Genealogia Regum Danie n.d. Comp. Saxonis IV. 5 n.d. n.d. n.d. Series Runica Prima n.d. Series Runica Altera n.d. Cat. Regum Dania Brevior n.d. Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. n.d. Chron. Erici Regis n.d. Thoma Ghysmer Wilhelmi Abbatis Genealogia Regum Danorum n.d. Wilhelmi Abbatis Genealogia Regum Danorum n.d. Gen. n.d. n.d. 1126 Liljegren no. 1209 Kirmun, father purpr n.d. (runic) Liljegren no. 910 Kairmuntr, son of n.d. Kairmunt (runic) Liljegren no. 910 Kairmunt, father of n.d. Kairmuntr (runic) Liljegren no. 1052 Kairmunta (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 1122 Kirmfitr (runic) n.d. Wimmer VII. Ba 3 germuntar (runic) n.d. LVD, p. 6 Uermund pbr' Nomina Anchoritarum, n.d. (gold) LVD, p. 29 Garmund Nomina Clericorum, n.d. (gold) LVD, p. 36 Uermund Nomina Monachorum, n.d. (gold) LVD, p. 93 Uermund Nomina Monachorum, n.d. (gold) Pn. col. 583 Gaermunt MG I. 377 n.d. Pn. col. 583 Germund P. XXI. 351 n.d. Pn. col. 583 Germund Pol. Irm. pp. 13,99 etc. n.d. Pn. col. 583 Germund MG often n.d. Pn. col. 583 Kermunt MG often n.d. Pn. col. 1536 Waramunt MG II. 999 ' n.d. Pn. col. 1536 Warmunt BG I. 15 (sec.11) n.d. Pn. col. 1536 Werimund Necr. Gladb. p.56 n.d. Pn. col. 1536 Werimunt MG many n.d. Fn. col. 1536 Veremund AS Sept. I. 396 n.d. Pn. col. 583 Germund MG II. 181 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Garimund Test Erm. n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Garimund d. Ch. I. 889 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Girmund Pol. Irm. pp. 197, 299 Pbrstemann col. 989 Germund P. I. 520, II. 199 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Germund Pol. Irm. pp. 13,99 etcc.l n. . ' Pbrstemann col. 989 Germund Pol. Possat n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Germund, Germunt Laur. (often) n.d. Fbrstemann col. 989 Germund Pol. R. p.69 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 989 Gaermunt Gld. II. a. 100 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Kermunt I Necr. Aug. n.d. Pbrstemann col. 989 Kermunt St. P. n.d. Pbrstemann col. 1260 Wermand Wg. Tr. C. 220 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 1261 Warimund Ep. Legionens n.d. Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Parstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann CPB I. 313 BCS 91 BCS 162 BCS 197 BCS 209 BCS 210 Pbrstemann BCS 226 P1. W. p. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 290 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 ‘ 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 989 Sweet, gen. p. 169 F1. W. I. 59 Fbrstemann col. 1261 BCS 1339 BCS 297 BCS 298 BCS 250 BCS 259 BCS 255 1127 Warimund Warimund Warimunt Warmund Warmund Warmund Warmund Warmund Warmund Warmund Warmunt Warmunt Werimunt Veremund Wermund Guarmund, Guiremund Geirmundar (gen) Gormund 7ermund abbas Warmund Wermundus Uuermund episcopus Germunt 7ermund episcopus Wermundus, 6th bishop of Hwicce uermund Wermundus, bishOp of Hwicce dies Warmunt Uuarmund Uuermund episcopus 7armund episcopus Uuaremundus episcopus Uuar.... Uuaermund episc0pus Comes Torrensis sec. II ep. Hipp. n.d. P. X. 619 n.d. St. P. n.d. P. II. 918 n.d. P. V. 99, 103 n.d. P. VI. 50 n.d. Gud. sec. 8 n.d. Laur. frequently n.d. Pol. Irm p. 210 n.d. G. sec. 10 (n.31) n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.686, 3351) n.d. St. P. n.d. Gld. II. a. 110 n.d. E. s. III. 923ff n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 130 n.d. P. X. 602, 603 n.d. Oddrunar-gratr 1.108 n.d. Wihtred, King of Kent 696 x 716 Council of Clovesho 792 King Alduulf of Sussex n.d. King Offa of Mercia 772 King Offa of Mercia 772 Ng. 773, 802, 829 King Offa of the Angles 775 x 778 n.d. Nomina episc. huicciorum n.d. 778 Ng. 778 Duke Oslac 780 King Offs of Mercia 785 King Offs of Mercia 786 Legates George 8 787 Theophylact King Offa of Mercia 788 King Offa of Mercia 789 BCS 256 BCS 257 Sweet p. 932 BCS 265 BCS 267 BCS 279 Pbrstemann col. 989 KCD 1018 P1. W. p. 231 P1. W. I. 69 Sweet, gen. p. 168 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 17 BCS 290 BCS 308 BCS 309 BCS 312 KCD 1029 Parstemann col. 989 Pbrstemann col. 1261 BCS 378 BCS 379 BCS 909 Pbrstemann col. 1261 Thorpe DA p. 966 P1. W. p. 233 Sweet, gen. p. 168 Grueber p. 9ff Pn. col. 1536 ‘128 7ermund episcopus UUAERMUNDO Uuermundi 7armund episcopus 7ermundi episcopi Uuermundi episcopi Germund Wermundus Hrofensis episcopus Wermundus, 19th Bishop of Rochester Wermundo, bishop of Rochester dies Uermund 7armund episcopus Wermundus Hrofensis episcopus 7eremund episcopus Uuermund episcopus Uuarmund Hrofensis civitatis episcopus Wermund hrofensis ciuitatis epi§ Garimund Warmunt 7ermund episcopus 7ermund episcopus 7ermund Warmund Wermund Wermundus, 10th bishop of Dunwich uuermu (nd) Uermund, moneyer of Ethelwulf et al. Warmunt Bishop Heathored 789 King Offa of Mercia 789 King Offa of Mercia 791 x 796 King Offa of Mercia May 26 (790 for) 793 King Offa of Mercia 793 King Offa of Mercia 793 x 796 Lc. 797 Archbp. Ebelheard 798 n.d. 802 Nomina episc. hrofensis ecclesia n.d. Nomina Episcoporum Hrofensis Ecclesie n.d. Council of Baccanceldi (798 for) 803 Bishop Deneberht‘ ca. 803 Bishop Deneberht Oct. 12, 803 Council of Clofesho Oct. 12, 803 archbp. Ebelheard Oct. 12, 803 Lp. 806, 828 Schn. 815 Council of Clofesho Council of Clofesho Oct. 30, 829 Eadwald Tr. W. 826 Will of Eadwald Oshering and Cynethryth 830 816 x 825 829 n.d. Nomina episc. orientalium anglorum n.d. 838 x 866 St. G. (n.917) 899 Pn. col. 1536 Pn. col. 583 BCS 502 Pn. col. 583 Pbrstemann col. 1261 Pn. col. 1536 Langebek I. 336 W. Malm p. 126 Pbrstemann col. 989 CPB I. 361 CPB I. 309-319 CPB II. 58 Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sbgur II.5 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 172 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sbgur II. 95 Or. Isl. CPB I. 361 CPB II. 902 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 77 Grettis Saga chap. 2,3 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 32 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 39 Grettis Saga chap. 12 Njals Saga chap. 119 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sbgur II. 6 Or. Isl. 7“ N (.0 Warmunt Kermunt 7aermundo episcopo Germunt Warmunt Warmund Gvaramundus Rex Normannorum Gudram, quem nostri Gurmundum vocant Germunt Geirmundr, son of Hiaorvi Geirmundr Vermundi Geirmundr Biarnarson Gollbera Vemund hinn gamli Vemundr hinn gamli Vemundr enn Gamle Geirmundr Gnyrr Geirmundr Gunnbiarnarson Geirmundr, son of Gublaugrenn Aubge Geirmundr heljarskinn Geirmundr Heljarskinn Hiaorsson Geirmundr, son of Hiaorvi Geirmund Heljarskinn Geirmundr heljarskinn Geirmundr heljarskin ?Vémundr Geirmundr hersir Geirmundr Hvikatimbr Geirmund Hr6allzson Geirmundr Hrdallzson Geirmundr Ingiallzson Geirmund jarl Geirmundr OErlygsson St. G. (n.917 etc) 851 etc. St. G. (n. 936) 859 King Ebelberht of Wessex 860 x 862 K (n.136) 861 Ng. 861 St. G. (n.559) 872 Annales Barth. 881 ca. 899 M.B. 901 n.d. Oddrunar-gratr n.d. Thorarin's Mahlidinga- visor n.d. Landnama-boc I. 9.1 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 1 Grims Saga Lobinkinna chap. 3 Landnama-boc I. 9.1 Laxdala Saga II. 1, 3—9 Landnama-boc II. 3.9 Landnama-boc I. 9.1 Halfs Saga chap. 17 Landnama-boc II. 17ff Gen. B. 8 Mantissa 279-7 n.d. Skida-rima n.d. Halfs Saga chap. 10 Halfs Saga chap. 19 fl. ca. 910 Gen. A. 28, 33 Gisla Saga 5.2 ff. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 1 Landnama-boc I. 6.9 Grettis Saga chap. 70 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Grettis Saga, chap. 52 Egils Saga Skallagrims- sonar chap. 78 Thorpe DA p. 225 Postbroebra Saga chap. 1 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Morkinskinna p. 199 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 172 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 11 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 12 Pms I. 166-8 Heimskringla VI. 91 Pms II. 26 CPB II. 309 BCS 1130 Pbrstemann col. 1261 Pbrstemann col. 1261 Pn. col. 1556 Pn. col. 1536 Pms XI. 167 Njals Saga chap. 130 KCD 897 Pn. col. 1536 13(1 Geirmundr Orbigskeggi Geirmundr Eiriksson Orbigskeggja Geirmundr Samundarson Geirmundr Samundarson Vermundr bengilsson Geirmundr pdrgrimsson of Mava-hlib Vermundr enn Miove porgrimsson Vermundr inn mjovi Vermundr borgrimsson Weremund Presbiter Vermundr porgrimsson enn Mjovi Vermundr enn Miove porgrimsson Geirmundr prasason Vermvnderazfirpi ?Vémundr, son of Vemundr hinn gamli Vermundr enn vitri, son of Probi ?Vemundr enn vitri, son of Probi Geirmundr Geirmundr Vermundr porgrimsson Geirmundr 7armundes suna Warmunt Wermund Virmundus Veremundi (gen) Geirmundr Geirmund, kinsman to sons of Sigfus Garmund Waramunt genealogy Landnama-boc III. 8.1 Landnama-boc III. 7.1 III. 12.2 Vatzdoela Saga chap. 18 29-5 Landnama-boc III. 16.2 Landnama-boc II. 7.2 Eyrbuggja Saga p. 12ff. ca. 986 K. Eadgar 969 Landnama-boc II. 7ff Gen. 8.2, 10 (Vemundr), 13 Landnama-boc V. 2.22 Saga Magnus goba ok Haralds harbraba Grims Saga Lobinkinna chap. 3 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 5 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 6 ca. 990 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 91 ca. 990 n.d. Iomswikinga'drapa n.d. Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 M. B. 980 Guer. 985 (appendix to Pol. Irm. p. 390) Gbn (n.290) 986 an (n.258) 993 Jomsvikingadrapa ca. 1000 fl. 1005 after Eadweard n.d. un I. 3. p. 37 1000 Pms VI, 398 Thorpe DA p. 939 LVD p. 16 Pbrstemann col. 1261 Ellis DB II. 909 Ellis DB II. 909 Ellis DB II. 909 Ellis DB II. 323 Ellis DB II. 322 Ellis DB II. 116 Pbrstemann col. 1261 Pn. col. 1536 Pn. col. 1536 LVD p. 79 KCD iii 373 BCS 133 BCS 955 Pn. col. 1536 Pn. col. 583 BCS 756 Pn. col. 583 Pn. col. 583 Pn. col. 583 BCS 777 BCS 1000 Edwards L. H., p. 239 Edwards L. H., p. 270 Pbrstemann col. 989 Pbrstemann col. 989 KCD 1368 Lindkvist, p. 50 Lindkvist p. 99 131. O Vermundr 1 Vatnsfirbi Garmund Wermundus Warmunt, Wirmunt Warmund Warmund Venator Wermundus Germundus Garmund Germundus, homo Walteri Gifart Warmund Veremundi Warmunth Germund PLACE NAMES uuarmundes hamm Vermundesei 7ermundes erne Warmuntessneida Kermanteswanc 7armundes treo7 Germundes Germundeshovestat Kermunteshusir Ermundesleia 7armundes stan 7armundes stan via Garmundi Kermunteshusir Kermanteswanc Weremundes lawe Germundesweya, Durh. Germundstorp, Germundtorp Germuntorp Li. ca. 1030 Taunton post 1066 post 1066 M. 8. ca. 1070 Dors. 77b Somers. 87, 90 99b. 1088 Chesh. 269 1088 Somers. 93, 96b 1088 Hertf. 139b twice 1088 Buck. 199b Bedf. 211b Essex, 39b. 62b 70 twice 70b. 101b Suff. 393b twice Somers. 95b 1088 Norf. 276b 1088 St. M. 1088, 1090, 1092 an (n.267) 1093 K. (n.299) 1096 12th or early 13th c. hand Cadwalla 680 Letter of Pope Constantine 708 x 715 Bishop Alhhun 899 n.d. n.d. King Eadmund 990 n.d. n.d. n.d. King Eadmund 992 King Eadwig 957 K. Ebelred 988 1020 n.d. n.d. Boundaries at Twyford n.d. n.d. 1088 DB Ekwall p. 183 Ekwall p. 183 Ekwall p. 183 Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Or. Or. Or. Or. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. Isl. Isl. Isl. Isl. 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 85 85 85 1132 Ganthorpe Li Garmondsway Du Garmston Sa Gjermstad Gjermshus Gjermundrud Gjermundrdd Gjermundnes Gjermundstad Gjermestad Gjermundnes Gjermstad Gjermstad Gjermbu Geirmundar-staber Geirmundar-staber Geirmundar-staber Geirmundar-végr (Germuntorp DB) 1088 (via Garmundi 1109-8 SD) (Garmundeston 1301 For) (Gjermestadt 1578) A (from Germundahusum) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (from Germastadom) n.d. (from Germestadt) n.d. (from Gairmalabu) n.d. Landnama-boc III. 7.1. Landnama-boc II. 17.6: 20.9 Landnama-boc II. 17.6 Landnama-boc II. 17.3 1133 SEAT -an appellation of BEowulf ON Gautr ODan Gdti OSw Gdte 3 1785 B 690 B 1303 B 1792 P1. W. p. 297 098 I. 75 cps I. 181 CPB I. 357 CPB II. 926 Langebek I. 32 Langebek II. ad 266 CPB II. 592 Langebek II. 267 Heimskringla I. 38 Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur Nennius Pl. W. I. 5 ASChr BC Pn. col. 611 Sim D II. 69 Sim D II. 99 Pl. W. I. 71 Asser p. 3 ASChr. ABCD Abelweard p. 33 W. Malm p. 121 II. 99 III. 11 III. 91 III. 293 para. 31 Sweet p. 171 Historia Brittonum ch. 31 Gist GEates (gen.) Geate (dat.) Geat,(acc.) Geta, ancestor of Woden Gautr gautr Gautz (gen.) Gautr, alias of Obin the, Prbthvins Son Gautus Goti Konungr GAVTZ King Gautr of Gantland Gautr Gautr Konung Gautr, father of Gautrek Gautr Konungr Geat, father of Godwulf godulf geoting Geats, ancestor of Ida Gesta, ancestor of Ida Geat, ancestor of Ida Gaudo Geta, ancestor of Alfred Geta, ancestor of Alfred Gesta, ancestor of Alfred Gesta, father of Godwulf Geat (AD) Geata (B) Geatt (C) father of God(W)ulf Geat, father of Goduulfe Getius, father of Godulfus n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Grimnis-mal Appendix 59 n.d. Balder's Doom 5 n.d. Thulor 1. 115 Series Runica Altera n.d. Gen. Haraldr Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. n.d. Edda Skaldskapar-mal n.d. Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. n.d. Ynglinga Saga ch. 38 n.d. Af Upplendinga Konungum ch. 1 n.d. Gautreks Saga ch. 2 n.d. n.d. Hrélfs Saga Gautrekssonar ch. 1 n.d. B6sa Saga ok Herraubs ch. 1 ca. 997 gen. n.d. gen. n.d. n.d. 597 gen. 597 gen. Pd. (n. 375) 675 Wessex gen. 899 Wessex gen. 898 899 gen. 899 855 Wessex gen. ca. 855 Liljegren no. 1098 Liljegren no. 1131 Liljegren no. 1913 Pbrstemann col. 995 Pn. col. 611 Pbrstemann col. 995 Pbrstemann col. 995 Liljegren no. 1619 Liljegren no. 1773 Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Parstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. Pn. col. 611 Pn. col. 611 Pn. col. 611 Pn. col. 611 Pn. col. 611 Pn. col. 611 Pn. col. 611 CPB II. 923 CPB I. 353 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 995 996 996 996 995 1311 Kauti (runic) Kauti (runic) Kauta (runic) Cozo C020 6020 Gozzo Kautr, brother of Stainar Kauti (runic) Gaudus Gautus Gauto Gaudius Gaudius Gaudius Cotio Gauz Gauso Cauzo Cauzo Kaoz Gozo Gotzo Cozzo Kozzo Gozso Gauscio ?Josco Coutus Gausus Gausis ?Gaugus Gauto Cauzo Cauzoni Gautius, Gauso, Gozzo, Cozo, Cozzo Gauti Gautr Gubi n.d. n.d. n.d. Ng. 813 St. G. (n.329) 830 Schn. 8S2 Necr. Puld. 859 n.d. n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 139 n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 93, 115 n.d. Predegar n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 92 n.d. Pol. R. p. 50 n.d. St. P. n.d. St. n. 539 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2830) n.d. P. III. 252 n.d. Mchb. sec. 9(n.926,992) n.d St. P. n.d. St. P. n.d. Laur sec. 8,9 (n.263,923) n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 (n.19) n.d. St. p. n.d. P. III. 926 n.d. P.V. 167 n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 50 (sec.11) n.d. St. n. 966 n.d. P. IV. 2 n.d P. IV. 290 n.d. P. IV. 696 n.d. MG 1. 115, II. 952 n.d. MG III. 56 n.d. MG II. 60 n.d. MG many n.d. Thulor n.d. Heroic Muster Rolls n.d. BCS 1266 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Pms VIII. 195 Pms.III. 56-62, 220 Whitelock Wills p. 196 Pms IX. 299 Pms III. 56 Egils Saga Einhenda, passim Pms VIII. 137 Postbroebra Saga Grettis Saga Pms IV. 307-8, 396-8 Heimskringla VII. 195 Heimskringla VII. 96 Pms IX. 967 Viglundar Saga Pn. col. 590 Saxo VIII. 357 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 299 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 32 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 55 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 90 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 325 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 293 , Pornaldar Sbgur II. 299 Pms IX. 368 Ellis DB II. 72 Ellis DB II. 131 Ellis DB II. 131 Ellis DB II. 131 1355 Gota Gautr (Hialmon-Gautr) Gautr i Gautz-dale Gautr i Gautzdal Gautr Gautreksson Gautr Arngeirsson Gautr Gaout Gauti gottsmjbr Gauti norrani Gautr, jotunn Gautr af Ornesi Gautr Sleituson Gautr Sleitason Gautr hinn raubi Gautr hinn Raube Gaute Tofason Gautr Varbelgr Gauti i Gautavik ?Geto Goto, king of Norway Gautr Gauti, a champion Gautr Konungr Gautan, a viking Gautr, son of Greipr Gautr Gautr a‘ Hamri Gauti prestr Couta liber homo Gouti, huscarle Heraldi Comitis Gotius Gouta liber homo K. Eadgar 970 Landnama-boc III. 16.1 Landnama-boc III. 6. 1-2 Vatzdala Saga 23 Landnama-boc II. 17.6 n.d. 1092 x 1097 1099 n.d; ca. 1090 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Olafs Saga ens Helga 1015 x 1028 Olafs Saga ens Helga 1015 x 1028 n.d. n.d. Erh. (n.1036) 1022 n.d. Sbgubrot af Pornkonungum ch. 8 n.d. Halfs Saga ch. 10 n.d. porsteins Saga Vikingssonar n.d. porsteins Saga Vikingssonar ch. 17 n.d. Hrdmundar Saga Greipssonar ch. 1 node Egils Saga ok Asmundar ch. 12 n.d. Ans Saga Bogsveigis n.d. ch. 1 n.d. Suff. 332b 1088 Midd. 129 1088 1088 Norf. 273 1088 Ellis DB II. 131 Ellis DB II. 131 Pbrstemann col. 995 Pbrstemann col. 996 Dipl. Is. I. 172 Orkneyinga Saga p. 187 BCS 899 (698) BCS 231 BCS 906 Lindkvist p. 193 Lindkvist p. 192 Lindkvist p. 192 Lindkvist p. 193 Lindkvist p. 193 Or. Isl. Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 82 Rygh p. 83 Rygh p. 83 1336 Gouti liber homo Gouti teignus Heraldi Comitis Gozo ?Jozo ?gude Gauti PLACE NAMES Geatescum at GETE, Geate Geatescumbe Goutebi Le. Goltebi Le. Goutebi Li Gauthscou Yo Gotesthorpe Suff. Gautz-dalr Gautaaen i Dovre Gautfald Gautdalr i Opstryn Gautnes i Rennebu Guthus Gaustad Onsd Gaustad Aker Gaustad Nittedalen Gusrud Gauterud Gjerdrum Gautarud i Eidsvold Gaustad Romedal Gaustad Eidskogen Gauttveit Gusgaarden Gauterud Sem Gautagardr Gautasatr Gaustaa Gautestad Iveland Gautestad Evje Suff. 299b. Hertf. 137b Lc. (n.296) M.B. Hislant terra fl. 1182 1088 1088 1091 1096 ca. 1100 King Cadwalla ante 688 King Offa of Mercia 778 x 779 King Eadred DB DB 955 1088 1088 (1196 Feet of Pines) (1203 Ch. R. III) (1280 A. Plac. ) Landnama-boc III. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. NG. I. 365 Gautstadh DN IX 273 n.d. n.d. Gauterud RB 131 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Gudsgordt n.d. n.d. n.d. Gudstad n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1557 1585 Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rysh ?- Rygh p. Rysh p- Rygh Rygh Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh pe Rygh p. Rygh p- Rygh p. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Parstemann col. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. col. col. col. col. col. col. 611 601 601 601 601 601 996 996 996 996 996 1137 Gausland Gausel Gaudesad Gautetun Gaustad Alversund Gausnes Gaustad Kvernes Gustad Skogn Gustad Sparbuen Gustad Bd Gotastadir Gutvik Gausvik Gausbu Gaustad Stdren Gozesowa Caozesprunn Gozzespuhel Cozesheim Cozzinheim Gotzingun Cossinpach Goutsinperch Gozzenleba Chozzindorf Cozzinchova n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. from n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Gautwikom AB 89 n.d. B 102, 151 etc. 8 127, 195 etc. 8 2006, 2118 etc. 8 666, 930 etc. B 929, 1339 etc. BCS 120 BCS 599 BCS 677 BCS 999 BCS 1023 BCS 1103 BCS 1282 BCS 1290 BCS 1333 BCS 1332 Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Or. Isl. 196 196 196 199 199 196 13E) GRENDEL cmonster slain by Beowulf Grendel Grendles (gen) Grendeles (gen) Grendle (dat) Grendel (acc ) PLACE NAMES grindeles pytt ?grundeliesan pytte grendles mere gryndeles syllen grendelsmere on grendel Grindles bece grendeles gatan gryndelys pytte grendeles pyt ?Grindale YE ?Grindle SA ?Grindleton YW 7Greendale D Grindle Brook ?Grinshill Sa ?Grindill, P16kadalr n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. King Kenred of Mercia 708 King Eadward (900 for)901 King Ebelstan Nov. 12,931 King Eadwig 957 King Eadred n.d. King Eadgar (951 for) 963 King Eadgar 972 King Eadgar 972 Boundaries of Cridie n.d. Boundaries of Cridie n.d. (Grendele DB) 1088 (Grenhul ca. 1190 Eyton) (Grettintone DB, Grelington Ch. 1251) (Grendel R ca. 1200) (Grendle 963 BCS 1103) (Grinelehul 1292 Fees) Landnama-boc III. 12.2 ON Gubleifr B 1198 ASPR VI. 3 Pn. col. 706 Wimmer VII a. 5 Liljegren no. 319 Liljegren no. 575 Liljegren no. 583 Liljegren no. 621 Liljegren no. 1053 Liljegren no. 1068 Liljegren no. 1550 Nielsen p. 36 Pn. col. 683 Pn. col. 683 Pn. col. 662 Pn. col. 662 Pn. col. 682 Pbrstemann col. 537 Pbrstemann col. 537 Pbrstemann col. 536 Pn. col. 682 BCS 698 porsteins Saga Sibu-Hallssonar, chap.2 Eyrbygga Saga ch. 97 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. II. 627-8 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Pms. II. 202-9 Njals Saga chap. 100 Or. Isl. Pms IX. 399 Nielsen p. 36 1139 GObLAP -a Danish warrior 66615: Gublaf father of Garulf Gundiliu (Va) guplif (runic) Kulifr (runic) Kulava (runic) Kulifs (runic) Gubiliufr (runic) Kuplaifr (runic) Kuplaf (runic) Kulaifr (runic) Guplif (runic) Coteliuf Godeliaf Godolav Godulebh Goteleib Gudilub Cotleip Godolef Gudeliv Gundlaf Gubleif kona Hauks Gudlaf, son of Gudlaug Gobleifr Goblaugsson Gobleifr Goblaugsson Gobleifr prestr Gobleifr, Surtzson Gubleifr Arason Gudleif Arason Gobleifr Arason Gubleifr Otryggsson Gupil n.d. Finnsburh 1.16 an (n.115) 599 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Sjellev Run MG II. 932 Lc. VI. 72 n.d. Bib. III. 80 n.d. Cr. III. a. 92 (sec.9) n.d. MG II. 922 n.d. Gr. II. 50; IV. 152 Le. (n.65) 855 n.d. King Abelstan 925 x 991 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Landnama-boc II. 5.8 n.d. Landnama-boc III. 6.9 Landnama-boc II. 5.10 n.d. fl. 995 Landnama-boc II. 19.9, V. 9.6 Gen. A. 38 Christne Saga 9.9 ca. 995 n.d. Mdnt 11th c. Nielsen Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh P . Rygh p. Rysh P- Pn. col. Pn. col. p. 36 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 682 682 19() PLACE NAMES Gulastorp i Skéne Gudleifs Asaker Gollersrud Gulliksrud Gullingsrud Gulliksrud i Gudleifsstodom Gulsvaag Gullesfjorden Godeleuingi Godeleuesheim n.d. n.d. (from Gullisrudt 1578) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (from Gudleifswagom) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ON Herroebr, Herraubr B 1929, 1981 LVD p. 91 LVD p. 91 LVD p. 93 DI. I. 505 Pbrstemann col. 636 Fbrstemann col. 637 Pn. col. 786 BCS 101 Pbrstemann col. 629 Pn. col. 777 Pn. col. 777 Pbrstemann col. 630 Pn. col. 777 BCS 190 BCS 213 BCS 219 Pn. col. 777 Pbrstemann col. 636 Keary BCS 309 KCD 1029 BCS 312 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 259 Pbrstemann col. 637 Pn. col. 785 Pbrstemann col. 630 Pn. col. 777 Pbrstemann col. 630 Pbrstemann col. 630 Pbrstemann col. 637 .191 HERED -father of Hygd Harepes, Harebes (gen) Herred Herred Herred herebei "Apoub , "Apous ’Apoub Herid Herrid ?Harirad ?Herirat ?Harirad ?Herirat ?Herirrat Hearedi Hearedi Hearedi Harirat Harud Herreth, moneyer of Eardwulf, Eanred Herred presbiter heared diaE' Heared diaconus Herrub, son of Hunding Herido Haruth, bp of Verden ?Herirat ?Herirat ?Herirad ?Herirat Harit n.d. Nomina Monachorum n.d. _ (silver) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) Gen. n.d. ProcOpius n.d. Agathias n.d. P. XXIII. 53 709 K. Ini 699 Schn. 759 Dr. (n.17) 758 Dr. (n.15) 758 Schn. 758, 763, 776 St. G. (n.39) 763 King Eadbert of Kent 25 July 761 King Offa of the Angles 779 King Offa of the Angles 779 St. G (n.81) 776 Necr. Fuld. 781 801 x 829 Bishop Deneberht ca. 802 archbp Ebelheard Oct. 12, 803 Council of Clofesho Oct. 12, 803 Nornagests pattr ch. 5 Necr. Fuld. 819 808-830 Schn. 816, 817 , St. G (n.221,226) 816, 817 Guér. 822 Dr. (n.911) 823 Necr. Puld. 826 Parstemann col. Pn. col. 777 Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 777 BCS 515 BCS 533 Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 777 BCS 609 BCS 702 BCS 707 Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur Pms III. 215 Or. Isl. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Nielsen, p. 99 BCS 1010 BCS 1052 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 785 Pn. col. 785 Pn. col. 785 Pn. col. 785 Pn. col. 785 Fn. col. 785 .Pn. col. 786 Pn. col. 786 Pn. col. 777 Pn. col. 777 Pn. col. 777 Pn. col. 777 Pn. col. 777 Pn. col. 777 636 637 630 629 I. 177 I. 231 637 630 630 637 1i+2 Haruth ?Herirat Harido, Harit Herrad ?Herirad Herred Herred ?Hararat Herirat Herred ?Habred minister Herred Herrubr jarl of Gautland Herrubr jar of West Gautland Herrbbr jarl Herroebr jarl a Gautlande Harit Herrad Herraubr Heared diacon harab to heofoddene Heroebr Hvika‘timbr Herroebr, father of Svanc ?Herirat Arodus Aruth leader of the Heruli Haruth Harodus Arodus 'AOpbos Harot Heredu Herid Harirad Herirad Herirad Herirat Heriraat Hererat Necr. Puld. 830 St. G. (n.369 etc.)838 etc. Dr. 837, 892, 852 Le. (n.65) 855 St. G. (n.952) 857 ca. 867 ca. 871 Dr. (n.610) 879 M. Bl. p. 1 Bishop Werfrib 909 King Ebelstan May 28, 939 King Ebelstan 935 Ragnars Saga Lothbrokar... battr af Ragnars Sonum n.d. Gen. B.5, Mant. 5.1 Necr. Puld. 939 Le. (n.93) 991 n.d. £bel7yrd 958 King Eadgar 959 Landnama-boc II. 28.9 Landnama-boc II. 8.1 Dr. (n.290) n.d. Paul. diac. IV. 99 n.d. n.d. Bib. I. 69 n.d. P, leg II. 2 n.d. P. leg. IV. 290 n.d. Procopius II. 15 n.d. MG II. 339 MG II. 596 MG many n.d. MG II. 180 n.d. P. XXI. 355 n.d. MG III. 395 n.d. MG. often n.d. MG II. 219, 216 n.d. P. XXI. 398 n.d. 1413 Pn. col. 777 Herrat, Herrath MG many n.d. Pn. col. 777 Arirad MG II. 259ff n.d. Pn. col. 777 Errad MG III. 109 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 637 Harid Wg. Tr. C. 997, 955, n.d. Pbrstemann col. 637 Arid Wg. Tr. C. 323 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 637 Haredus C. M. April n.d. Pbrstemann col. 636 Haruth Wg. Tr. C. 975 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 629 ?Harirad Laur. sec. 8 (n.187) n.d. Fbrstemann col. 629 ?Herirat Laur. sec. 8 (n.2973) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 Harrat Laur. sec. 8 (n.1173, 2392) n. . Pbrstemann col. 630 ?Herirad Laur. sec. 8 (n.19) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 ?Hairirad Laur. sec. 8 (n.917) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 ?Herirat Necr. Aug n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 ?Herirat, Herrad, Herrat, St. P. n.d. Errat Grueber Herred, moneyer to Ebelrig fl. 978 x 1016 Pbrstemann col. 630 ?Herirat, ?Hererat, Herrad Laur. (often) n.d. Fbrstemann col. 630 Herat Gld. II. a. 101 _ n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 Herrad, Herred Wg. Tr. C. 259, 295, 369, 999 . n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 Herrath Laur. sec. 8 (n.1279)n.d. Saxo Herothus n.d. Pms XI. 908 Herebus biskup ca. 950? Pms I. 109 Herebus, bp. n.d. Pbrstemann col. 630 ?Herirat Dr. (n.290) n.d. Grueber Harred, moneyer to 1092 x 1066 Edward III Von Peilitzen p. 287 Haret liber homo Suff 939b DB 1088 Von Peilitzen p. 287 Hared Bury 37 1087-98 DN I. 216 Hareid Olafsson n.d. PLACE NAMES Pbrstemann col. 637 Heriteshusun n.d. Rygh p. 295 Heradstveit n.d. Fbrstemann col. 630 ?Heriradessneida n.d. Liljegren no. 1120 Haradshammar socken n.d. Liljegren no. 965 Harede socken n.d. Liljegren no. 1920 Herrestad n.d. Liljegren no. 1926 Herrestads hlrad n.d. Or. Pn. Pn. Pn. Isl. col. col. col. 786 786 777 199 Herabr-vab, skaney ?Hoerdesbach ?Herdeshusan Erratesdorf Pols. Saga 3.9 n.d. n.d. n.d. ON ?Hapu-kunir ?Hobkubr B 2939, 2937 B 2982 B 2925 Pn. col. 799 Pn. col. 799 Num. Chron. p. 269 (1885) CPB II. 629 CPB I. 193 x 202 LVD p. 22 1955 HEbCYN -Geatish prince -second son of Hrebel Habcyn Habcynne (dat) Habcen (acc) Hadacuan Hadacuan ?Harthcyn, moneyer to Eadward III RELATED NORSE ENTRIES Heibr Heibr Haethi n.d. n.d. n.d. K. (n.95) 797 St. G. (n.199) 797 f1. ca. 970 Sh. Voluspa 38 n.d. Voluspa n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. 1L16 HALGA -Danish Prince -Younger brother of ON Helgi ODan Helghi OSw Halghe, Helghe B 61 Langebek II. 295 Langebek I. 229 Gertz I. 96, 15-20 Gertz I. 161.9 Gertz I. 167.7 Gertz I. 175.12 Gertz I. 186.19ff CPB II. 522 Gertz I. 96.18ff Gertz I. 97 Gertz I. 98 Gertz I. 51 Heimskringla I. 33 Heimskringla I. 33 Heimskringla I. 33 Langebek I. 31 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 79 Langebek I. 151 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 1 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p.1 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 1 Sega of Hrolf Kraki Po 1 83138 til Helgo, successor to R0 Helhgi, rex marinus Helghi, rex maris, father of Rolf Kraki Helgi, successor to Haldan Helligi father of Rolff Crake Helghi, successor to Roe Helghi rex, son of Haldanus, had son Rolf Kraki and daughter Vrsa Helgi, son of Halfdan Helgi, son of R0, became sea-king Helgi takes Thora daughter of baron Rolfcarl: has daughter Ursala Helgi has son by Ursala named Rolf son of Helgi, Rolf Kraki, takes kingdom King Helge Halfdanarson father of Hrolfr Krake Helge rules at Hleibra ' King Helge fights Abils of Uppsala HELHE Kunung, hans (Ro') brother HELGO, brother to ROE HELGO, frater Roe HELGI father of Rolf Kraki Helgi, son of Halfdan, brother of Hroar, nephew of Prothi Helgi flees to island when Prothi kills his father Helgi's mother Sigrith burns up in the hall Helgi burns hall over Prothi's head Hrobgar n.d. Thoma Ghysmer Annal. Esrom. Svenonis Aggonis chap. 1 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris gen. Regum Danie Langfebga-tal n.d. Chronicon Lethrense chap. 3 8 9 Chronicon Lethrense chap. 9 Chronicon Lethrense chap. 9 Chronicon Lethrense chap. 9 Yngling Saga chap. 33 Ynglinga Saga chap. 33 Ynglinga Saga chap. 33 Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai. Chron. Reg. Dan Chron. Erici Regis n.d. Saga of Hrolf p. 12 Saga of Hrolf p0 13-1“ Saga of Hrolf p. 17 Saga of Hrolf p. 21 Saga of Hrolf p. 29 Saga of Hrolf Saga of Hrolf p. 26 CPB II. 521-3 CPB II. 361.11 CPB II. 527 CPB I. 131 CPB I. 131 CPB I. 131 CPB II. 528 CPB I. 132 CPB I. 132 CPB I. 139 CPB I. 190 CPB I. 192-3 Volsunga Saga p. 51ff Volsunga Saga Volsunga Saga pp.56-7 Volsunga Saga Saxo II. 62-9 Kraki Kraki Kraki Kraki Kraki Kraki Kraki p. 52 p. 57 197 Helgi rules Denmark n.d. Helgi humiliated by Queen n.d. Olof of Saxony Helgi marries Yrsa his n.d. daughter by Queen Olof Helgi has a son Hrolf by n.d. Yrsa Helgi has a daughter n.d. Skuld by an elfin wife Helgi visits Athils's n.d. court in Uppsala Helgi slain by Athils' men n.d. Helgi son of Halfdan, Langfedga-tal brother to Hroarr Helgi 8 Hréarr will avenge n.d. their father ialfdan on Proba Helga (sic), son of Helgi 8 Cara Sigmundr 8 Borghilldr Helgi, son of Borghild Helga-kviba Helgi, an Ylfinga Helga-kviba Helgi, son of Sigmundar Helga-kviba Helgi, son of Sigmundr Fra dauba Sinfiotla the Volsung Helgi brother to Sinfiaotla Helga-Kviba Helgi slays Hunding Helga-kuiba 8 Hiaorvarb Helgi slays Bragi, Hogni, Helga-kviba King Starkad, and sons of Hrollaug Helgi slain in battle Helga-kviba Helgi visits Sigrun in Helga-kviba realm of the dead Helgi Hundingsbana, son of n.d. Sigmund Helgi slays Hunding and his n.d. sons Helgi slays K. Hodbrod 8 n.d. marries Sigrun Helgi rules kingdom of n.d. Hodbrod many years Helgo Hundingsbane, King of n.d. Denmark, accedes to throne; kills Hunding; engenders Rolf n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Saxo III. 83 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 259 CPB I. 131 CPB I. 198 CPB I. 199 CPB I. 199 -199 -52 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 7 CPB II. 52 Saxo III. Saxo VI. 2 0 87-9 38 Langebek II. 319 CPB I. 199 CPB I. 151 CPB II. 52 Wimmer VI. Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Fbrstemann _ Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pornaldar Sbgur -8 -9 7 19 no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. col. col col. col col. col col. 1835 1906 1233 1220 1181 890 731 730 588 108 588 . 588 588 . 588 588 . 588 588 II. 391 1L48 Helgo Hundingsbane had previously slain Hothbrodd Helgi Hundingsbani, son of Sigmundr Helgi Hundings-bani Helgi Haddingja-skabi Helgi the son of Sevi Helgi kills king Haddingr in battle Helgi Haddingjaskati Helgi Haddingja-skabi Helgo, King of Halogaland sues for Thora's hand Helgo the Norwegian seeks to marry Helga, the sister of Ingild Helgo Rex Norwegie Helgi, Hiorvardzson Helgi Helgi Konungr helge (runic) Halka (runic) Helka, son of Kalmi (runic) Halgi (runic; Hailka (runic) (H)ilka (runic) Helki (runic) Healgi (runic) Halha (runic) Helha, son of Alrikr (runic) Helka, brother of Abrukr (runic) Halicho Helicho Halucho Halec Heluco Heloco Eliko King Helgi, son of Hildibrandr n.d. Nornagests battr chap. 5 Helgi i. 3ff Kaoro-liob passim Kaoro-liob n.d. Kaoro-liob n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Gheysmer Helgi 8 Swava, passim Lay of Atli and Rimegard passim Helgi and Swava n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 8 (n.10) n.d. B (n.162) n.d. 8 (n.1876)n.d. 272 n.d. Wg. Tr. c. 399, 919 n.d. Wg. Tr. c. 293 Frek. (repeatedly) Mchb. sec. Mchb. sec. Laur. sec. Wg. Tr. C. n.d. n.d. Asmundar Saga Kappabana chap. 2 Pms I. 296 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 50 Langebek II. ad 166 Langebek II. 268 Or. Isl. Njéls Saga chap. 1 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 8 Heimskringla II. 5 CPB I. 353 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 286 CPB I. 129-5 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 29 Langebek II. ad 266 Pms IX. Or. Isl. 293 Pms I. 292 Njils Saga chap. 95 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 325 Or. Isl. Fms I. 293-276 Or. Isl. Kjalnesinga Saga chap. 1 Or. Isl. 1119 Helgi Gubrauarson Helgi, son of Gubrdbr, K. of Heibmbrk HELGO, son of Gudrodus Rex Helge, father of Ingialldr Helge Oleifsson, Norwegian king Helgi, father of Ingjaldr Helgi, son of Ola 9}“,,/ ‘ Helge enn Snialli ‘ Helgi inn Hviti Helgi, brother to Hroerek I , I r‘ , ,‘ Helgi hvassi J .',i Helgi enn hvassi Helgi hvassi Helgo Hvasse senior Helgi hvassi Helge Biarnarson Buno Helgi Bjarnarson bunu Helgi, son of Bjorn Buna Helgi, son of Greipr Helge Hestr Helgi bjéla, son of Ketil flatnef Helge Biolan Helgi bjdla Ketilsson flatnefs Helge Biolan Ketilsson n.d. Af Upplendinga konungum chap. 2 ca. 810 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Prag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Landnama-boc II. 19.1 Genealogies A. 35-36 Thorsness Settlement 1.9 Libellus, p. 306. 12 ca. 810 fl. ca. 810 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Halfdanar Saga Enns Svarta chap. 5 ca. 860 Heroic Muster Rolls Sbgubrot af nokkurum Pornkonungum chap. 1 Plyting of Ivar and Woden Sbgubrot af nokkurum fornkonungum chap. 3 pattr af Ragnars Sonum n.d Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Prag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. n.d. ca. 870 Landnama-boc I. 9.1: IV. 19 10 Gen. A. 25 Mantissas 5.5 n.d. 870 Hromundar Saga Greipssonar fl. ca. ca. 870 chap. 1 Landnama-boc III. 19.5 ca. 870 n.d. Laxdoela Saga I. 1-3, 5, 8 ca. 880 ca. 880 ca. 880 Landnama-boc 1.95; 5.1, 6.9: II.19.6: V 17.2 17.5 Or. Isl. Ems VIII. 282 Pornaldar Sbgur III. 138 Pornaldar Sbgur 11.327 Grettis Saga chap. 52 Grettis Saga chap. 3,8 Or. Isl. Pms I. 296-251, II.89 Njils Saga chap. 95 Or. Isl. Grettis Saga chap. 30 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Langebek II. ad 266 Langebek I. 336 Kjalnesinga Saga, passim Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Pms III. Or. Isl. 205 15E) Helge Biolan Ketilsson cont. ' t Helgi bringr g, f Helgi enn frakni‘ Helgi hin froekni Helgi of Langadal Helgi enn Magre /‘ Helge enn Magre Eyvindarson Helgi magri Eyvindarson Helgi the Lean (enn Magre) Helge Eyvindarson enn Magre Sleitu-Helgi Sleito-Helge, a Viking Helge Helgason Biarnarsonar Buno Helge Hallzson HELGO Hvasse junior HELLIGO regnat Helgi Arngrimsson Helge Hrdlfsson or Gnfipafelle Helge Bun-hauss Helge Hamundarson Helge Hoéngsson Helge Hoéngsson Helgi Hangsson Helge Hofgaraagobe V. 17.2; 17.5 Thorsness Settlement 1.1; 5.1 Cristne Saga 3.5 Thorwald 7 p. 912 n.d. Gbngu-hrolfs Saga chap. 38 ca. 880 Hromundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 3 880 ca. 880 genealogy Laxdoela Saga I. 1 Liosvetninga Saga 3. 2 Viga-Glum's Saga I. 1 Helganna Saga 9. 1 Cd. ca. 880 ca. 880 Landnama-boc II. 19.1: 18.7 19.1: 20.8: 23.2.26 III. 13.2-3: 19. 1-5: 19.8 19. 10-11:19.19 19.19 15.9-12:16.2:18.2:20.1 V. 17.2: 17.5 Genealogies A. 25, 32 Thorsness Settlement 1.9 Mantissa p. 275 Libellus 2.1, p. 305.20 ca. 880 Landnama-boc II. 30.9 Landnama-boc IV. 19.10:15.1 Mantissa 5.5 ca.890 Landnama-boc I. 9.9 ca. 890 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan ca. 890 Annales Bartholiniani 891 ca. 900 ca. 900 Landnama-boc II. 29.6 3.7 ca.900 900 Landnama-boc IV. Landnama-boc V.7.2 ca. 900 ca. 900 Landnama-boc V. 9.3; 7.3 ca. n.d. Eyrbyggia Saga 16 Or. Isl. CPB Or. II. 920 Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Or. Isl. Isl. Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sbgur Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap.23 Ploamanna Saga chap. 18 Or. Isl. Hallendorff p. 20 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. CPB Or. II. 523 Isl. III. Isl. Fms Or. Or. Isl. Pms I. 286 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 18 CPB II. Isl. 91 Or. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 151. Helge Hrogn. Ceallacsson Helgi Asbiarnarson Helge Hrogn Ketilsson Helge Hrélfsson, i Hofgaorbom Helge af Hvanneyre Helge, f. of Iora Helge Skarfa (al. Skrépr) Geirleifsson Helgi, son of Ketill hangr Helgi Ketilsson Helgi trausti Olafsson Helge Trauste Olafsson Oleg (Helge) son of Rurik attacks Constantinople Helge Haognason Helge Haognason Helgi, King of Dublin Helge Asgeirsson Helgi Asgeirsson frakni Helge Biartmarsson Helge Olafsson Pa Helgi Ottarsson Helgi Ottarsson Helgi Helge Othere's son Ottarsson Helge Eyjolfsson Helge Haoscullzson Landnama-boc ca. 900 Islendinga-drapa 27 ca. 900 Landnama-boc ca. 900 Landnama-boc Landnama-boc Landnama-boc ca. 900? Landnama-boc II. 21.1 n.d. ca. 900 900 Landnama-boc ca. 900 907 ca. Hoensa-pores fl. ca. 920 Landnama-boc fl. ca. 920 Libellus Landnama-boc ca. 920? n.d. Landnama-boc ca. 920 II. 16.1 n.d. V.7.10; 9.9 II. II. II. 5.11 7.2 ca.900 21.1 1.6.8: ca. 900? V. 12. 3-9 Saga 1.3 II. 3.2 n.d. II. 3.“ II 22.3 Laxdoela Saga 10.1 f1. n.d. ca. 920 ca. 920 920 ca. 930 Landnama-boc ca. II.9.3: 21.2 Genealogies B. 3 Thorsness Settlement 7.3 Landnama-boc ca. 930 Landnama-boc ca. 930 II. 23.2 II. 15.9 Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. 0r. Isl. Or. 181.. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar dup.90 Or. Isl. I. 692.20 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 78 Or. I81. Or. 161. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sbgur II.108 Pms I. 109 Pms XI. 908 CPB II. 228 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Viglundar Saga chap. 3ff 0r. Isl. Ems IX. 316 Postbroebra Saga chap. 19 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Viga-Styrs Saga ok Heibarviga chap. 10 Ems VIII. 98, 165-9 1152 Helge Heyangrs-Biarnarson Helge Ketilsson ens Aubga Helge Narfason Helge bdrvallzson Helge Valpiofsson Helge Valbiofsson Helge Dyr Skefilsson Helgi Rannveigarson Helge porgilsson Helgi Raubabjarnarson Helge Raubabiarnarson Helge Raube-Biarnarson Helge Arnsteinsson Helge Helgi, son of Beli Helgi Dana Konungr Helgi Danakonungr Helgi, son of King Beolan Helge Biartmarsson Helge Blé-fauskr Hrafnsson Helgi‘Eiriksson b5ndi i Gautavik “9189 Eijofsson Helgi fleskhfin Helgi SeISeista Helge, shepherd of Snorre Gobe Helge Sigmundarson Helgo-Steinarr (sic) Helgi styrimabr Helgi porfinnsson ca. 930 Landnama-boc IV. 15.9 Landnama-boc V. 3.6 Landnama-boc III. 19.11 Landnama-boc III. 9.2 Landnama-boc III. 15.10 fl. ca. 990 Liosvetninga Saga 5.1 Landnama-boc V. 12.9 ca. 990 ca. 950 ca. 990 ca. 950 Hoensa-pores Saga 1.5, 11.3 fl. 990 x 980 Landnama-boc II. 9.5 Liosvetninga Saga 5.8, 11 Landnama-boc I. 10.3 porsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 23 n.d. Sbgubrot ca. 950 ca. 950? Gisla Saga 2.1 ca. 950? Landnama-boc V. 3.1 Landnama-boc II. 22.3 ca. 950 n.d. n.d. Eyrbyggja Saga 23 ca. 930 Holmverja Saga 92ff n.d. Landnama-boc II. 17.9 III. 21.3 n.d. n.d. Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar dup.73 borsteins Saga SibuHallssenar chap. 3-6 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 6 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. CPB II. 171 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. Njals Saga chap. 25 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Njals Saga chap. 119 Thorstein the white's Saga chap. 2 Njils Saga chap. 96 Vapnfirdinga Saga chap. 17 Or. Isl. porsteins Saga Sibu-Hallssonar chap. 6 CPB II. 920 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Vapnfirdinga Saga chap. 18 Or. Isl. Pms VIII. 325 Helgi Helgi 1153 porfinnsson porhaddsson Helgi, son of b6rolf Helge, son of Arngrimr Gobe Helge Helge Helge b6rsteinsson Vestarsson Osvifsson Skald-Helgi Skald-Helgi Helge Helge Helge Helgi Helge Helge Helgi, Helgi Helgi Helgi Helge Helgi Helgi Helge Helge Helgi Helge Helgi Visteinsson Visteinsson Njilsson enn Svarte of Lundr father of Thorir Thorgilsson Droplaugarson Droplaugarson Droplaugarson Droplaugarson Draplaugarson Asbiarnarson Asbjornsson Asbiarnarson n.d. n.d. Hyersu Noregr bygbist chap. 1 Hoensa-pores Saga 1.3ff fl. ca. 960 Landnama-boc III. 9.1 Landnama-boc IV. 16.2 Genealogy B. 3 ca. 960 n.d. ca. 960' Landnama-boc II. 3.9 Gisla Saga 2.1 ff f1. ca. 960 Landnama-boc II. 23.1 Gisla Saga 11.3, 19.2, 18.2 ca. 970? fl. 970-1005 Landnama-boc V. 9.5 ca. 980? Landnama-boc 3 . 8 fl. ca.‘986 fl. 990 ca. 990 , Genealogies A. 19: B 15 ca. 990 ca. 990 Islendinga-drapa fl. ca. 990 Eyrbyggja Saga 12 ca. Helganna Saga 2. 2-9 Landnama-boc IV. 6.3 Cristne Saga 1.2 ca. 9 ca. 990 Helganna Saga 1-9 ca. Gunners 3.3; 9. 1-2 n.d. 16.2 990 90 990 Postbroebra Saga chap. 12 Pms V. 298, 255-66 Pms III. 135-191 Fms IX. 319 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 299 Pms VIII. 75-6 Heimskringla VI. 37 Pms IX. 7, 13, 50 etc. Or. Isl. Heimskringla II. 299-S Or. Isl. Pms VIII. 169 Plateyarbok Or. Isl. Fuse III 199-53 Fms V. 315-20 CPB II. 999 Pms. IX. 299 Pléamanna Saga chap. 39 Or. Isl. Hemings battr Hemings pattr Ellis DB II. 191 Ellis DB II. 191 Ellis DB II. 191 Gertz I. 930 Orkneyinga Saga p. 89 Morkinskinna p. 939 Or. Isl. 159- Helgi enn hviti Snorrason Helgi Helgi porrisson Helgi Bogrinsson Helgi enn hviti Helgi byggvomb Brodd—helge Helgi gaurn Birgisson Helge Asgeirsson Grimssonar Helge, brother to Pinboge 'Helge Ingiallzson Helgi 5 Rybisi Helgi Harallzson Helge Groenlendinga-byscop Helgi hirbmabr Olafs konungs Helgi hirbmabr Helgi, father of porvaldr Helgi 5 Solbjbrgum Helgi austmabr Helgi brdbir porbjarnar af Limalbndum Helge austmabr Helgi Helgi, Heming's son Helga Helge Helghi Helgo episc. Asloensis Helgi Helgi Starrason Helge Skaptason fl. ca. 1000 ca. 1010 ca. 1000? n.d. Sbgubrot af nokkurum f ornkonungum chap . 8 n.d. Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 37 ca. 1000 n.d. Landnama-boc V. 12.9 ca. 1000 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 7 ca. 1000 Gisla Saga 19.1 ca. 1000 n.d. in Orkneyinga Saga pp. 369- 72 Mantissa 6.1 post 1000 1019 x 1035 1019 x 1035 Skaldaatal fl. 1035 x 1069 n.d. ca. 1050 n.d. porgisl 9. 1-2 ca. 1050 in Orkneyinga Saga pp. 389-907 1050 x 1066 in Orkneyinga Saga pp. 909-11 ca. 1066 Nottingh 286 1088 Nottingh 286b. 1088 Sussex 22 twice 1088 Comp. Saxonis XIV. 25 ca. 1093 fl. 1128 ca. 1137 Saga Sigurbar Slembis Hungrvaca 5.13 1152 x 1176 Orkneyinga Saga p. 293 LVD. p. 99 LVD p. 99 LVD p. 98 Pms X. 69 Liljegren no. 1283 Liljegren no. 963 Liljegren no. 919 Liljegren no. 528 Liljegren no. 528 Ems XI. 209 Lindkvist p. 56 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. BCS 986 BCS 1085 BCS 1335 Crawford Charters VI. 106 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Gertz I. 129.19 Lindkvist p. 57 Lindkvist p. 57 Testa de Nevill 3306 Lindkvist p. 57 Lindkvist p. 58 Lindkvist p. 58 Testa de Nevill 308 1155 Helgi Elga Helga Hailga Helgi raubi, prestr PLACE NAMES Helganas Helgarb socken Helgestads socken Helgéby (runic) Helgéby Helganes Helgebi, Elgebi Yo Helgafell on borsnes Helga-hvéll Helga-sker Helga-staber Helga-vatn Helga-vatn Helga-skarb Helga-sund halgan 7ylles forda halgan forde halgan7ille hyrb halgeforde Helga-fell Helga-vatn Helga-vatn Helghanes in Jutia Halgefeld, Helgefeld, Helgefelt Yo Elgelo Li Helghelowe Li Halgatuna, Halgatona, Helingetuna Helgatuna, Helgetuna Halgatuna, Halgetuna Helegeton Yo Helghetorp Li fl. 1157 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 1216 x 1263 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Knytlinga Saga ca. 1015 DB 1088 Landnama-boc II. 10.2 Landnama-boc V. 12.9 Landnama-boc II. 30.9 Landnama-boc III. 17.2:19.1 Landnama-boc III. 5.3, 6 Landnama-boc II. 3.2, 9 Holmverja Saga 15.1 Holmverja Saga 15.1 King Eadwig 956 King Eadgar 962 Early Territorial names n.d ' n.d. Eyrbyggia Saga 12-16ff Gunnere 9. 2-3 Hoensa-bores Saga 2.2 Vatzdala Saga 15 1035 DB 1088 DB 1088 n.d. Norf. DB 1088 Norf. DB 1088 1189 H. Pipe R n.d. Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Stenton, LI DB lxxxv Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Rygh p- Rygh p. Rygh p- Rysh p- Rysh ?- Rygh P- Rysh P- Rygh p. Rygh p. 8989 p- Rysh p- Rysh ?- Rysh ?- Rysh p- Rysh p- Rysh ?- Rysh ?- Rysh p- Rygh p. Rygh p- Rysh p- Rygh p. Rygh p. p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. 2 p. p. p. p. p. 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 123 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 02 03 03 03 03 21 21 21 21 92 92 92 92 92 1156 Halliford Mx Halstock Do High Halstow K Halwell D Hawley K Helhoughton Nf Hellaby YW Hellifield YW Hellington NP' Heletharpe Li Helghelef Halghethorp Halghanas Halghatoft Hellum Helgerud i Helgabd Halghaporp Helgeby Helgerdd Helgerdd Helgestad Helgestad Helgerud Helset Helgarud Helgegaard Helgeid Helgeby Helset Helgeneset Holmork Helstad Helberg Helgarud Helgerud Helgestad Helset (Halgan forde BCS 1085) (Halganstoke KCD 701) (Halgesto) (Halganwille BCS 1335) (Halgeleg 1203 PP) (Halgatuna DB) 1088 (Helgebi DB) 1088 (Helgefeld DB) 1088 (Halgatuna DB) 1088 (Helghetorp DB) 1088 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Halghurud RB 159) n.d. (RB 397) n.d. (R8 510) n.d. (Helghaby D! V. 626)1969 n.d. (Halghorud RB 517 Helgarud) 1995 n.d. (Halghastadum DN v. 331) 1910 n.d. n.d. (DN IV 111) n.d. (Halghagarde DN III. 339) 1383 RB 290 n.d. (Halgaby DN V. 119) 1391 (Helge Bet St.) n.d. n.d. (Halghamork DN x1. 30) 1339 (Halgustad DN III. 109)1315 (Helguberg DN I. 199) 1322 (DN V. 299) 1385 (Helghorud DN III 170)1337 (Halghastadum DN VIII. 362) 1919 (Helgesetter St. ) n.d. Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Ps pe Ps p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P. p. p. p. p. p. p. 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 . 125 125 125 125 . 125 125 Helgeland Helgaaker Helgerud Helgeland Helgerud Helgeset Helgerud Helgerud Helgestad Helgeland Helgerdd Helgerdd Helgerdd Helgeroen Helgeland Hageland i Halshafialla Helgetveit Hageland Hageland Hageland Helvik Hageland Helgeland Helland Helland Helland Helgeberg Helgeland Brat-Helgeland Helgevold Hegeland Helgeland Helgenes (Helleland 1595, 1609) n.d. Helgeland (Helligaag) 1520 n.d. (Halgaland DN XI. 23) 1330 n.d. n.d. (Halgharud DN IV. 991) 1391 n.d. n.d. (Halgaland RB 70) n.d. 1668, 1723 n.d. (Halgharud, Halghurud DN II 383) 1386 n.d. (Halghaland DN V. 360) 1915 (Halghaland DN VIII. 925) 1983 (RB 37) n.d. (Halghatveit RB 11, 13) n.d n.d. (Heggeland) 1599 n.d. (Halghavik DN IX. 257, IV. 696) n.d. n.d. (Helleland 1563 Helieland, Helgeland) 1567 (Helleland 1610, Helgeland) 1668 (Helgeland) 1563 Halhalante (runic) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Helgavelle DN IV. 693) 1959 nods n.d. n.d. Rygh p. RYSh P- Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p- Rygh p. Rygh p- Rygh p. 3989 Po Rysh p- Rygh p. Rygh p- Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p- Rysh p- Rysh p- Rysh p- Rysh p- Rysh p. Rygh P- Rysh p- Rysh p- Rygh p. Rygh p- Rysh p- Rysh p~ Rygh ?- Rysh p- Rygh p. Rvsh p- Rysh p- Rysh p. 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 Helland Helland Helland Helland Helland Helland Helland Helgeland Helgegaarden Helgaas Helstad Helland Helset Helland Helgestden Helset Helgetun Helvik Helland Helset Helset Helset Helge Heltuv Helset Helstad Helskog Helland Helnes Helland Helland Helgenes ?Helgemo ?Hdljeness (Helgeland 1520, Helleland) 1563 (Halghaland BK 62b) n.d. (Helleland 1520, Helgeland) 1563 (Halghaland BK 606) n.d. (Helghaland DN XII. 155) 1927 (Helleland 1520, Helgeland) 1563 (Helgaland DN I. 366) 1386 (Halghaland BK 736) n.d. n.d. (Helgeaas) 1563 (Hellestad) 1603 (Helgolande AB 80, Heligland DN II. 116) 1516 (Helliezetther CN X. 809) n.d. (Hellieland DN X. 806) n.d. n.d. (Hellesetter NRJ II. 92) n.d. n.d. (Helleuig) 1559 (Helgeland) 1590 n.d. (Helsetther) 1590 (Hellisetter NRJ II. 205) n.d. (Helgeid AB 11) n.d. (Helgathuff AB 9) n.d. (Hellisetter NRJ II. 216) n.d. (Heiligstadom AB 89) n.d. n.d. n.d. (Helgenes) 1520 (Helgelandt) 1520 (Helgaland AB 98) n.d. (Helganes DN I. 368) 1395 (Byliarmo 88 9s) n.d. (Hyllienes DN XII. 290)1990 1159 MAMA -a person of the Gothic cycle of legends OHG Heimo MHG Heime B 1198 ASPR III. 153 CPB II. 990 CPB II. 923 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pbrstemann col. 599 Pbrstemann col. 589 Saxo VI. 230-1 Saxo VIII. 328 Pbrstemann col. 599 Langebek II. 319 Langebek I. 153 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pn. col. 793 Pbrstemann col. 599 Pbrstemann col. 81 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pbrstemann col. 81 Pbrstemann col. 81 Pbrstemann col. 81 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pn. col. 793 BCS 386 Saxo VIII. 311 Saxo VIII. 313 Volsunga Saga chap. 23 Or. Isl. I. 271 CPB I. 309 CPB II. 532 LVD p. 23 LVD p. 39 Hima Hama- Heimi, a famous sea-king ?Hoemir, a famous sea-king Aimo Hamo Aigmo (next to Heimo) Hama, Saxon champion, killed by Starkad Starkad recounts slaying Hama Chamo, Langobard leader Hama Hama, slain by Starkad Haimo Aimo ?Hemmo ?Hemmo Amo Haimo Ammo Amo Amo Heimo Hemo Hama Swangerefa Hama, Dane, champion of Harald Hama, Swede, member of Ole‘s bodyguard Heimir of Hlymdale Heimir iarl Hlymdaolom Heimi i Hlymdaolom Heimir, brother-in-law to Brunhildr Hama Hama n.d. Widsith 11. 129, 130 Thulor 1.2 Thulor 1.11 Ng. 670 Pd. (n.988) 713 Tr. W. 719 n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Chron. Erici Regis Schn. 757 Ng. 760, 786 St. G. (n.39) 762 Ng. 762 Mab. 770 Ng. 773, 786, 791, 793 M. B. 776 R. 776 M. B. 785, 809 Ng. 786, 809, 815, 817, 818 St. G. (n.232) 818 Council of Clofesho 825 n.d. n.d. n.d. Mantissa 5.1 Long Brunhild Lay 1. 309 Volsunga Paraphrase Nomina Clericorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) Crawford Charters Hamo n.d. XIX. 12 Pbrstemann col. 81 Amo P. IX 80 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 81 Amo Paul diac III. 8 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 81 Amo St. P. (repeatedly) n.d. Fbrstemann col. 81 Amo Mchb. sec. 9 (n.289) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 81 Amo Wg. Tr. C. 295 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 589 Haimo P. II. 608 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo P. V. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo P. VI. 669 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo P. IX. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo P. X. 695 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo St. P. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo Pol. Irm. pp. 167, 170 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P. I. 82ff n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P.V. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P. VI. 697 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P. VI. 795 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P. VII. 120 n.d. Parstemann col. 589 Heimo P. VII. 929 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P. VIII. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo P. X. 367 etc. n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimmo P. IV. 176 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haymo P. III. 219 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Haymo P. V. 96 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heymo P. VI. 99 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heymo P. XII. 526 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 589 Aimo P. I. 301 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Aimo P. IX. 119 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Aymo P. V. 690 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Aymo P. X. 285 etc. n.d. Fbrstemann col. 589 Heinmo P. V. 99 n.d. ‘Pbrstemann col. 589 Haimo, Hanno, Amio, Aimo P. II. 608 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 589 Heimo St. P. often n.d. Fbrstemann col. 589 Heimo Laur. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 599 ?Hemmo P. I. 368 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 599 ?Hemmo P. III. 911 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 599 ?Hemmo P. VI. 169 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 599 ?Hemmo P. VIII (often) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 599 ?Hemmo Necr. Aug. n.d. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Saxo IX. 368 Saxo IX. 378 Pn. col. 793 Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 793 599 599 599 589 599 599 Pms III. 75-81 Nielsen p. 39 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pbrstemann col. 599 Pbrstemann col. 589 W. Malm p. 286 W. Malm p. 287 Pbrstemann col. 599 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Liber Ellis Ellis DB II. 335 DB II. 339 DB II. 339 DB II. 339 Eliensis p. 198 DB I. 932 D8 I. 932 Pbrstemann col. 589 Pbrstemann col. 589 Gertz I. 19.10 .161 ?Hemmo ?Hemo ?Hemmo Heimo Hama, King of Britain, slain by Ragner Ella, son of Hamo, becomes king in Britain Hemo Hemmo Hammi, Hammus Hemmo Hama Hama Heimo Hamo Heinmo Haimo dentat m rebels against William the Conqueror Haimo is killed Hemmo Hamo Hame Haimo Haimo vice comes Heimo dapifei Hamo Dapifer Hamo, or Haimo Vicecomes Heimmo Haimo PLACE NAMES Hammaburgensis Wg. Tr. c. 267, 336, 919 n.d. n.d. n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 226 St. P. (often) M. B. 835 n.d. n.d. St. G. 851 Ng. 851 Ng. 860 K. (n.136) 861 870 x 930 Brav 11th c? M. B. ca. 1012, ca. 1030 Necr. Puld. 1015 Lc. 1061 ca. 1067 ca. 1067 Le. ca. 1080 Chesh. 263b. 269, 266b. passim. 268, 268b. twice Suff. 296, 296b. twice 297, 297b. 1088 Cornw. 120b. 1088 Kent. 8b Wilts. 68b. twice 69 Dors. 79, 79b Dev. 110b. thrice Chesh. 266b Kent. 3b, 9, 6b, 7, 9b twice Surr. 32b. 33 passim ca. 1080 Essex 59b, 100, 106, 1088 Kent 19 1088 Surrey 36b G. (n.70) 1092 Guérard 1099 Chron. Roskildense 826 Finberg 1969 no. BCS 707 BCS 780 BCS 892 BCS 961 Nielsen p. Nielsen p. Nielsen p. Nielsen p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Crawford Charters XV.7 Crawford Charters V1.97 Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Ekwall p. Lindkvist 39 92 92 92 9 107 215 222 222 223 223 223 223 p. Pn. col. 793 Pn. col. 793 Pn. col. 793 Pn. col. 793 110 599 ‘162 Hamanstane HAMAFUNTAN LAND hama fleot hama gemares cumb hama gemaro Hammelev ?Hemmaldf ?Hemdrup ?Hembak Ampton Hanslope Havant Ha Hamma Hamme Es Hempnall Nf ?Hempshill Nt Little Hempston D Hempton Nf ?Heimsby Nf ?Hemyock D Hamesthueit Yo ?Hemmenhagen ?Hemmonhem ?Hammonstide ?Hemmonthorp King Abelstan 929 x 939 King Ebelstan King Eadmund King Eadred King Eadwig n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Hametuna DB) (Hamesclape 935 993 951 956 1088 n.d. (Hamanfunta BCS 707) 935 n.d. n.d. (Hamehala DB) (Hamessel DB) (Hamistone DB) (Hametuna DB) (Hemesbei DB) (Hamihoc DB) 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 (Pat. R. 1225, 1310) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1163 HEALFDENE -King of the Danes -father of Hrobgar, Halga, Heorogar and Onela's queen ON Hilfdanr ODan Haldan Lat Haldanus B 57 B 189, 268, 399 etc. CPB p. 229 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 299 Gertz I. 96. 13ff Gertz I. 96 Gertz I. 161.9 Gertz I. 167.7 Gertz I. 175.10 Gertz I. 186.13 CPB II. 522 Gertz Is 2330 19'2“ DI. I. 505 cps p. 229 CPB II. 361.10 Saga of Hrolf Kraki chap. 1 Saxo II. 61-2 Langebek I. 27 Langebek I. 31 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 79 Langebek I. 151 Langebek II. 295 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 12 Or. 161. Pornaldar Sbgur II. 11 Langebek I. 79 Healfdene Healfdenes (gen) Halfdan Halfdan konung i Ylfing Haldan(us) filius Skjold Haldanus, son of Skioid brother of Prothi Haldan Haldan, successor to Prothi Haldan, successor to Frothe Haldanus, successor to Protho Halfdan, son of Probe Haldan, son of Protho halfdanar (gen) son of frobi Halfdan, a Skiaoldung Halfdan Halfdanar (Danish King) Halfdan, a Skjolding Haldanus, King of Denmark son of Protho I HALDAN Kuning, Prothi sun HALDAN Kunung Protha sun HALDANUS HALDANUS filius Prothonis HALDANUS, son of Prothi Haldanus, son of Protho Halfdan, son of Probi enn froekni Halfdan Prébason Halfdanr, son of Hroerekr hndggvanbaugi HALDAN, filius R0 n.d. n.d. Hyndlo-liod n.d. Norna'gests pattr chap. 2 Svenonis Aggonis chap. 1 Svenonis Aggonis Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Langfebga-tal n.d. Comp. Saxo II. 9 Gen. n.d. Hyndlo-liod n.d. n.d. Grotta-sbngr 80 n.d. n.d. n.d. Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis Thoma Gheysmer Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 6 Gen. A. 1 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 5 Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. n.d. Gertz I. 96- Gertz I. 98. chap. 5 Langebek I. 98 13 229 Saxo VII. 261 Saxo VII. 263 Saxo VII. 270 Langebek II. 323-9 Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. Langebek I. 28 32 65 159 153 Gertz I. 161.11 Gertz I. 168.7 Gertz I. 175.39 Gertz I. 187.11 Gertz I. 299-303 Saxo VII. 290 Saxo VII. 292 Saxo VII. 293 Saxo VII. 293 Saxo VII. 296 . Saxo VII. 296 BCS 101 Langebek II. Gertz I. 309-311 327-8 Gertz I. 168.9 169 Haldan(us), filius Ro Haldanus, rex Dacie, dies Haldan Haldanus, nephew of Protho, son of Harald Haldanus also becomes King of Sweden Haldanus takes Thorhild in marriage Haldanus, brother of Haraldus HALDAN Kunung, frotha sun HALDAN Kunung, Protha sun HALDANUS HALDAN BIERGRAM HALDAN slew PROTH RECHBANE to revenge his father Harald Haldan hin Biarrami Haldan hin biorgram Haldan hin biarghrammi Haldan, brother to Protho Haldanus bierggram, son of Harald Haldanus, son of Borgar Haldanus courts royal Princess Gurid Haldanus defeats Swedish champion Haldanus slays his half- brother Hildiger Haldanus takes Gurid to wife Haldanus slain by Wesete, a famous champion Halda Haldanus, predecessor to Harald Hildetan Haldanus hin Sterka Halden rdthbagna Chronicon Lethrense chap. 3ff Chronicon Lethrense chap. 5 Annal. Esrom. n.d. n.d. n.d. Thomae Ghysmer Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Chron. Erici Regis Chron. Erici Regis Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Comp. Saxo.VII. 3 n.d. n.d. King Ini 699 Thoma Ghysmer Comp. Saxo. VII. 11 Reges Danorum Langebek I. 33 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 159 Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur CPB I. 198-152 Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Pornaldar Pornaldar Pornaldar Sbgur Sbgur Sbgur Sbgur II. 32 II. 63 III. 95 II. 108 II. 115 II. 197 III 0 Pbrstemann col. 96 Pn. Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren col. 739 no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. 1566 1337 1289 1160 795 761 832 785 829 669 656 983 955 953 397 157 92 311 III. 935 1165 HALDAN Kunung HALDANUS, filius Borcardi HALDANUS hin STERKE Halfdan, a champion Halfdan Ulfsson Hélfdan Konungr Halfdan (Kara's father) Halfdan, son of Beli Halfdan, son of Beli Halfdan, a viking Hilfdan Konungr Brbnuféstri Halfdan Brbnufostri Altanus Halbtene Haltan, father of Siktrukr (runic) Haltan (runic) Halft..., son of Saba (runic) Haltan, son Ulf (runic) Halftan, father of Kisl (runic) Halftan (runic) Halftanar (runic) Halftan (runic) Haltan (runic) Halftan (runic) Halftan, father of Himikr (runic) Halftain Halftan, (runic) Halftan, (runic) Halftan, (runic) Halftan (runic) (runic) father of Ulfr son of Huta son of Vikik Halftani, son of Sikraif (runic) Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Chron. Erici Regis Halfs Saga chap. 10 porsteins Saga Vikingssonar Hrolfs Saga Gautrekssonar chap. 20 n.d. Helgi. iii. 53 porsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 29 Pribpiofs Saga ens froekna chap. 1 Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 7 Sorla Saga SterKa chap. 1 Halfdanar Saga Brfinufostra Pol. Irm p. 157 MG. II. 636 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Heimskringla I. 96 Langebek II. ad 266 Or. Isl. CPB II. 523 CPB p. 299 Egils Saga Skallagrims- sonar chap. 70 Heimskringla I. 96 Pant I. 15 Or. Isl. Pant I. 9 CPB II. 521 CPB II. 522 Pms I. 296 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 10 Fms VIII. 2 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 99 Or. Isl. Langebek II. ad 266 Fms I. 1 Langebek II. 268 Pms VIII. 2 Heimskringla I. 52 CPB II. 521 CPB II. 902 CPB II. 522 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 8 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 10 CPB II. 592 1166 Halfdan Gulltbnn HALPDANUS Hvitbein Halfdan HGitbeinn Upplendinga conungr Halfdan Hvitbeinn, King of Dublin Halfdanar, an Yngling Halfdan hvitbeinn Norwegian King Halfdan Hvitbeinn Olafsson Halden Hwitbeen, son of Olauer Tratalghia Halfdan HGitbeinn, Upplendinga Konungr Haldanum huitben, son of Olaus Tratalghia Halfdanar Hvitbeins (gen) Haldan Hvitbeinn, son of Olaf Tretelgja Halfbén hvitbeinn Halfdan hvitbeinn Hilfdan hvitbeinn Olafsson tretelju Halfdan hvitbeinn, son of Olafr tretelgja 8 Sblva Halfdan enn Milde HALFDANUS Munificus, Rex Halfbén mildi ok matarilli HALFDAN en hilldl Halfdan mildi Eysteinsson Halfdan enn Milde Eysteinsson Halfdanar ens Milda (gen) Halfdan enn Milda Halfdan milldi Halfdan enn Mildi Halfdanr enn mildi Halfdanar Milda (gen) Ynglinga Saga chap. 96 ca. 730 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag Isl. de Reg. Dan. Libellus pr. 2 ca. 770 Libellus n.d. Inglingatal ca. 770 Ynglinga Saga chap. 96 ca. 770 Cat. Reg. Svecia n.d. Landnama-boc II. 19.1 gen. n.d. Cat. Reg. Svecia n.d. Plateybook I. 26 n.d. Langfebga-tal n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 9 Gen. n.d. af Upplendinga Konungum chap. 1 Libellus pr. 2 ca. 810 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Prag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Gen. n.d. Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Gen. n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 52 fl. 810 Plateybook I. 26 n.d. Skids-Rims Langfebga-tal n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 9 Edda Skaldskapar-mal n.d. Pornaldar Sbgur II. 50 Pornaldar Sbgur III. 901 Wimmer, Slesvig domkirke stone Langebek I. ad 996 Langebek I. 997 Langebek I. 339 Langebek I. 335 Fms XI. 907-8 Orkneyinga Saga p. 9 CPB II. 518-20 Or. Isl. CPB II. 523 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 7 CPB II. 592 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 17-20 Njéls Saga chap. 25 Or. Isl. Langebek II. ad 266 CPB II. 909-6 CPB I. 129 I CPB II. 520 CPB II. 522 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 Pornaldan Sbgur I. 356 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 10 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 12 Heimskringla I. 93 1167 Halfdan enn Mildi, son of Eysteinn Halfdan Eysteinsson halftan (runic) Halfdan Princeps Legationis Halfdan, Nordamannorum Dux, also ALPDENI Alfdeni Dux Normanorum Hemmingus Halpdani filius is killed in Walchra Halfdan konfingr Halfdan gamli Halfdan Gamli Halfdan enn Gamle Halfdan Gamli Halfdan gamli Halfdan Gamli...konungr Halfdan hinn gamli Halfdan the Bold Halfdan enn Snialle HALPDANUS Snialle, Rex Dania Halfdan Kong hinn Snialla Halfdan hinn Snialla Halfdan Snialli, son of Haraldr inn Gamli Haldanar snialla, (gen) son of Valldar Milda Hélfdan snjalli Halfdan snjalla Halfdan snjalli Halfdan snjalli, son of Haraldr gamli Halfdan of Scania af Upplendinga Konungum chap. 1 Halfdanar Saga Eysteinssonai chap. 1 n.d. Gen. Stirpis Reg. Dan. 782-807 Chron. Anschar. 807 Ann. Dan. Barth. 807' 837 Sbgubrot ca. 830 f1. 830 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Landnama-box IV. 19.1 Plateybook I. 21 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Edda Skaldskapar-mal n.d. Pundinn Noregr fl. 830 Genealogies A. 1 n.d. Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Skida-rima The Plyting of Ivar and Woden Para Hyndla's Lay n.d. Langfebga-tal n.d. Sogubrot of Pornkonungum chap. 3 Hervarar Saga ok Heibreks chap. 16 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 3 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 6 Ynglinga Saga fl. 830 chap. 93 CPB p. 250 Heimskringla II. passim Langebek II. ad 266 Langebek II. ad 266 Langebek II. 269 Pms VIII. 2 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. CPB II. 519 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 8 CPB II. 521 CPB II. 522 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 11 CPB II. 592 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 51 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 Grettis Saga, chap. 2 Fms IV. 3 CPB II. 310 Pms I. 1, 31 CPB II. 993 Pms X. 167-80 etc. Pléamanna Saga, chap. 1 Agrip af Noregs konunga Sogum chap. 1-2 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 293 Eyils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 3, 8, 26 Langebek II. 17 Sim D II. 109 Liber Eliensis p. 53 168 Halfdan, an Yngling Halfdan enn Svarte HALFDANUS Svarte HALPDANUS Niger, Rex HALPDAN Svarti Halfdan svarti Gubrbbarson Hilfdan Svarte, Gobroebarson Halfdan Svarte, Gobroebar son, King of the Upplanders Halfdanar Svarta (gen), father of Haraldr Hérfagri Halfdan Svarti Halfdanar Svarta (gen) Halfdan Svarti Halfdanar Svarta (gen) Halfdanar Svarta (gen) Halfdan svarti, son of Gubrdbr enn gbfuglati Halfdan konungr svarti Halfdan svarti Hilfdan svarti, father of Haraldr harfagri king Halfdan Svarti Halfbén svarti Gubrabarson Halfdan Svarti Halfdan svarti Gubrbbarson Halfdan Konungr svarti Halfdan svarti Gubrdbarson Halfdan svarti Halfdan svarti, Norwegian King HALDAN sent to England King Haldano leads pagan fleet into Essex Halfdene, pagan leader Ynglinga-tal Halfdanar Saga ens Svarta fl. 850 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Gen. n.d. Libellus pr. 2 ca. 850 Landnama-boc V. II. 1 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Plateybook I. 26 Langfebga-tal n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 9 Edda Skaldskapar-mal n.d. af Upplendinga Konungum chap. 1 pattr af Ragnars Sonum n.d. 850 fl. ca. ca. 850 Konunga-tel fl. ca. 850 Skalda-tal ca. 821-860 ca. 850 ca. 860 battr af Ragnar Sonum ca. 860 post 860 866 866 Sim D Sim D Sim D Sim D Sim D Sim D Sim D ASChr. ASChr. ASChr. ASChr. EMS I. Langebek I. ad 996 I. 59 I. 56 I. 58 I. 68 I. 202 I. 209 I. 229 ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE 108-9 Langebek I. Grueber, p. Grueber, p. Asser p. 36 Asser p. 38 Asser p. 93 El. W. El. W. El. W. Gertz Athelweard, p. 91 Ethelweard p. 93 Sim D I. 92 I. 99 I. 95 I. 163 II. 82 336 17 17 1169 Halfdene, Danish leader Halfdene rex Danorum enters Tyne R. Danish army led by K. Halfdene into Northumbria rex impius Halafdene is killed Halfdene rex Danorum enters Tyne R Healfdena rex Denorum ravages England Halfdene rege Danorum devastates Britain Healfdene, Halfdene a heathen King Healfdene marches into Northumbria Healfdene (ACE) Halfdene (BD) gives out land in Northumbria Healfdenes (ABE) Heafdenes (C) Healdanes (D) brother Hilfban Dana konungr Halfdan Rex Danorum Halbdeni, brother to Sigifridus VLEDEN R. ALEDENE Rx Healftene invades Northumbria Halfdene parcels out lands in Northumbria brother of Healfdene arrives in Devon Halfdene enters Northumbria Halfdene subjugates Northumbria Halfdene killed before Cynuit Haldan dux Normannorum piratarum Healfdene, leader of the Danish invaders Healfdene, leader of the Danish invaders Haldene ravages Northumbria ca. 867 ca. 870 875 883 n.d. ca. 876 ca. 866 871, 872C 875 876, 877C 878, 879C n.d. Gen. Stirpis Reg. Dan. 873 Annales Bartholiniani 873 875?-877 875?-877 875 876 878 875 ca. 875 878 Series ac Brevior Hist Regum Danie 875-6 878 875 Sim D II. 110 Sim D II. 111 Sim D II. 111 Sim D II. 112 Sim D II. Pl. W. p. 119 271 Pornaldar Sbgur III. 197 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 22 Pms IV. 7, 231 Heimskringla V. 1 Pms I. 5 BCS 1399 Heimskringla III. 18 Pms I. 9, 7, etc. Pms X. 193-8, 376 Agrip af Ndregs Konunga Sogum, chap. 2 Fms IV. 7, 9-19 Pms X. 193, 196 Pms I. 9, 7 Heimskringla III. 18 Pms IV. 7, 9 Pornaldar Sdgur I. 323 Ems X. 178 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 7—9 Pms I. 5,7,196,200 Heimskringla III. 25 Pms IV. 7,9,212 Agrip af N6regs Konunga Sbgum chap. 2 17(3 Halfdene ravages Northumbria Halfdene, pagan king, parcels out land in Northumbria K. Haldene ravages Devonshire King Haldene defeated in Devon Halfdene killed Halfdene, King of Northumbria ruled Northumbria 26 years Halfdanar raubfels (gen) Halfdan, Norwegian earl Halfdan jarl jarl Halfdan Hilfbén jarl Halfden dux Halfdan enn Svarte Harallzson Hélfban svarti Haraldsson Halfdan svarti Haraldsson harfagra Halfdan svarti Haraldsson Halfdan svarti Haraldsson Hélfban hviti Halfban hviti Haraldsson Halfdan enn Hvite Harallzson Halfdan hviti Haraldsson Halfdan, son of K. Harald Hilfban haleggr Haraldsson harfagra Halfdan héleggr Halfban héleggr Haraldsson Halfdan Haleggr Harallzson Halfdan haleggr Halfdan hafoeta 875 876 877 877 883 875-901 Gbngo'Hrolfs Saga 900 chap. 1 ca. n.d. Harallz Saga Grafelda chap. 1 n.d. King Ebelstan 900? n.d. n.d. ca. 900? ca. C6. f1. 990? ca. 900? 950? CG. 9007 '900? ca. f1. ca. 930 08. 950? Hervarar Saga ok Heibreks chap. 7 fl. ca. ca. 990 910? 9107 910? ca. ca. ca. n.d. ca. 910 Pms X. 37 8 CPB II. 322 Pms IV. 6 Ethelweard p. 53 Annals SN, p. 199 ASChr. ABCD F1. We I. Searle ASN p. 379 BCS 702 BCS 703 BCS 700 BCS 701 Heimskringla I. 29 Saxo VI. Saxo VI. Saxo VI. Saxo VI. Saxo VI. Saxo VI. Langebek Gértz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Agrip af 121 213 219 223 233 237 299 II. 316 289 287 292 295ff N6regs Konunga Sogum, Fms X 380-2 BCS 812 171. Halfban hvitbeinn (called hafota) Halfdan (son of Harold fair hair) Halfdan, son of Haraldr harfagri Healfdene, Danish King, killed in battle Healfdena, pagan king killed cyng Healden killed Halfdene, brother of K. Hinguar Albdan Halfdene dux Halfden dux Healden dux Heal"f"den dux Halfdan Frobason, Swedish king Haldanus, king of Sweden, son of Erik Haldanus sails to Norway with Pridleii of Denmark Haldanus marries Hythin's daughter Starkad joins court of Haldanus, kin? of Swedes Starkad rejoins Haldanus Haldan had been killed by his rivals Haldanus, scn of Ericus Haldanus, rex Swecia, son of Eric Haldanus invades Norway with Pridleuus Starkatherus returns to Haldanus' court Haldanus, rex Swecie, killed Halfdan Eiriksson Halfban Eiriksson blobaxar Haldene dux fl. ca. 930 n.d. ca. 950? 910 910 911CD 911 929 King Ebelstan May 28, 939 King Ebelstan June 7, 939 (930 for) King Ebelstan (930 for) 939? King ibelstan (930 for) 939? Ynglinga Saga chap. 29 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Comp. Saxo. V. 1 C.S. VI. 2 Comp. Saxo VI. 6 Comp. Saxo VI. 9 ca. 990 fl. ca. 950 Will of Ebelgiva 999 x 996 BCS 1099 Pms VI. 393 Morkinskinna pp. 190-2 Pms VIII. 2 Pms X. 905, 928 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 12 Morkinskinna p. 190 Pms VI. 127, 393 Agrip af Noregs Konunga Sogum chap. 39 CPB II. 317 Pms II. 129 Heimskringla VI. 68 Or. Isl. KCD 727 Whitelock 1955 p. 559 (no. 132) KCD 729 KCD 729 Orkneyinga Saga p. 92 Nielsen p. 39 KCD 799 Nielsen p. 39 The Short Magnus Saga p. 283 Morkinskinna p. 57 Pms VI. 127 Pms IV. 76, 152-9 Heimskringla VII. 31 Gertz I. 18 Grueber, pp. 331, 929 Montagu II. 136 1172 Halfden dux Hilfdén, jarl of Sigurbr hrisi Halfdan Sigurbarson hrisa Halfdan Sigurbarson hrisa Halfdan Sigurbarson hrisa Halfdan, son of Sigurbr hrisi Halfdan earl Halfdanar (gen) son of Sigurbr hrisi Halfdan Hvitbeinn Sigurbarson Halfdan, son of Sigurd Hilfbén Sigurbarson Halfdan Sigurbarson Halfdan Sigurbarson Haldenne princeps regis Halden, King's thegn Haldan minister Halfdan dux Halfdan, son of Bergfinn Haldan, Haltan, Halden, Halbtene Halfden Halden Halfdan Haldan Sigurdarson Syrs Halfdan, son of Sigurbr Konungr Halfdan, son of Sigurbr Syr Halfdan Sigurbarson Haldanus, rex Danorum quidam Haldene, moneyer of Eadward the confessor Halfdenis, moneyer of Edward III King Eadgar 958 ca. 950 Saga Magnus goba ok Heralds harbraba fl. 980 Gen. n.d. f1. ca. 980 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 7 Saga Magnus goba ok Heralds harbraba ca. 980 n.d. ca. 980 Konunga-tel ca. 995 ca. 995 Libellus 9.1 Cnut, 1018 King Cnut, 1019 Cnut, 1019 Cnut, 1019 fl. 1020 Reich 11th c Cnut, 1033 mdnt 11th c Orkneyinga Saga ca. 1090 ca. 1090 Sage Magnus goba ok Heralds harbraba ca. 1090 ca. 1090 ca. 1090 Chronicon Roskildense ca. 1090 1092 x 1066 1092 x 1066 KCD 953 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis £1115 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis LVD p. 32 LVD p. 83 LVD p. 60 DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB I. 368 I. 368 I. 368 II. 139 II. 139 II. 139 II. 139 II. 139 II. 139 II. 13 I. 932 II. 13 II. 13 II. 13 II. II. II. II. II. 5 II. 281 II. 281 0101010" Healbene minan breber Alden Alden presbyter Aldene Halden Halden liber homo Haldene Haldenus Haldanus liber homo Haldeinus liber homo commend, Heroldi Aldenus Haldein, Goduinus Alden Alden homo Heraldi Comitis Aldene Aldene et Mater ejus Aldene et II. frater ejus Aldene huscarl R.E. Aldene presbyter Aldene tope Alden Aldene Aldan Haldanus Aldenus Ulf, ca. 1066 Derb. 278b 1088 Nott. 292b Linc. 371 1088 Linc. 371 1088 Chesh. 265b. twice 1088 Nottingh. 291b. Yorksh. 298 Berks. 61b. twice Suff. 318 Suff. 912b. 1088 913 twice Yorksh. 317, 318, 327 1088 Suff. 399b. 1088 Essex, 78b. 1088 Suff. 911D. 912 ter. 1088 Suff. 912b. 1088 Norf. 271 1088 Northampt. 226b thrice 1088 Leic. 231, 236 Chesh. 265b. Yorksh. 301, 322b. Linc. 399, 358 Yorksh. 373 Suff. 913 Bucks 150 1088 Derb. 276 1088 Nottingh. 287b. twice Yorksh. 317b. twice 319, 319b. twice 321b. 329b. twice Linc. 339b. 390, 39Gb. 391b 399, 399b, thrice 398b. 350b. 356, 358, 358b. twice 369, 371 Clam. in Chetst. 377b. Hertf. 191b. 1088 Linc. 361 1088 Buck 152 1088 Linc. 336 1088 Linc. 399 1088 Nottingh. 282b. 1088 Hertf. 191, 191b. 1088 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 13th c. hand LVD LVD LVD BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Or. p. p. p. 770 783 797 879 110 126 Isl Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Gertz II. Ekwall p. 98 99 2 5 9 p. 7 p. u ps p. p. p. 18 201 232 239 269 239 Ekwall p. 235 Nielsen p. 39 Nielsen p. 39 Nielsen p. 39 1'79 Alden Aldanus Aldan PLACE NAMES healdan hagan healdan 7eg ob helfesdene healdan hlince healdan stige healdenes ho Halfdanar-tunga Alston Cu Aldbrough YE Audenshaw La Haldenby YW Haldenby Np Holdingham L Haldanthorp ?Holdsworth YW ?Holsworthy Haldanthorp Holdensbool Holdensbradorp 12th or 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand King Eadmund 991 King Eadmund (963 for) 993 King Eadmund 999 King Eadred 999 Bishop Oswald 963 King Eadgar 970 Liosvetninga Saga 6.2.3. (Aldeneston 1210 CWNS xi, Aldeniston 1232 Ch) (Aldenburg DB) (Aldensawe, Aldwynshawe c 1200 LaCh.) (Haldaneby 1100-8 YCh 970) (Aldenesbi DB) (Haldingeham 1202 Ass) ca. 1270 (Haldewrth 1276RH) (Haldewrde DB) (Haldeword,-urd; DB) Codex Esromensis 12th c. n.d. n.d. B 2388 B 2202, 2375 BCS 91 En. col. 757 Sweet p. 168 BCS 260 BCS 291 BCS 295 BCS 297 BCS 259 BCS 255 BCS 256 BCS 257 Sweet p. 168 Pl. 9. p. 233 Pbrstemann col. 610 P1. W. p. 295 ASChr DE Sim D II. 59 Sim D II. 63 KCD 1018 Sweet p. 169 Pbrstemann col. 610 Thorpe DA p. 39 BCS 290 LVD p. 6 LVD p. 3 LVD p. 12 LVD p. 12 1.75 HEARDRED -Geatish King -son of Hygelac Heardréd Hearéde, Heardréde (dat) Hardred episcopus Chardrad eardred Heardraedi Heardred episcopus Headered episcopus Heardred episcopus Heardraed episcopus Heardred episcopus Heardred episc0pus Heardraed episcopus heardred Headredus, 7th bishop of Dunwich Hardraht, Hartraht Heardred, 12th bishop of Hexham Heardred succeeds Ethelbert as bishop n.d. n.d. Wihtred, King of Kent 696 x 716 P. XXIII. 63 720 Nomina episcoporum Orientalinm Anglorum n.d. King Egcberth of Kent 765 x 791 Bishop Heathored 781 King Offa of Mercia 785 King Offa of Mercia 785 King Offa of Mercia 788 King Offa of Mercia 789 Bishop Heathored 789 King Offa of Mercia 789 Nomina episc Orientalium anglorum n.d. n.d. Tr. W. 791, 792 n.d. 797 Headred succeeds to bishopric797 at Hexham bishop Heardred dies Heardrid episcopus heardred Hardrad Heardred ep Heardrid episcopus Heardred pbr' Heardred Heardred Heardred 800 Archbp [belheard 798 Hag(u)staldensis ecclesia n.d. Mab. 798 Heathored 799 Council of Baccancelde (798 for) 803 Nomina Abbatum n.d. (gold) Nomina Abbatum n.d. (gold) Nomina Prasbyterorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Prasbyterorum n.d. (gold) ‘176 LVD p. 27 Heardred Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) LVD p. 28 Hearired Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) LVD p. 39 Heardred Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) LVD p. 37 Heardred Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 91 Heardred Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 92 Heardred Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 93 Heardred Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 93 Heardred Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) Pn. col. 757 Hardarat P. XX. 785 n.d. Pn. col. 757 Hartarat, Hartarath MG often n.d. Pn. col. 757 Harttarat MG I. 52 n.d. Pn. col. 757 Harderad P IX. 899 n.d. In. col. 757 Harderath P XIII. 323 n.d. Fn. col. 757 Harterat, Harterath, MG often n.d. Harteraht Pn. col. 757 Hartrad P XX. 783 n.d. Pn. col. 757 Hartrad, Hartrat MG often n.d. Pn. col. 757 Harthrat MG. II. 202 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat P. I. 350 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat P. I. 88 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat P. I. 92 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat P. II. 237 Pbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat P. V. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat Laur. sec. 8 (n.2958)n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hartrat St. P. n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Haridrad Laur. sec. 8 (n.959) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Herdered C. M. Juni n.d. Fbrstemann col. 610 Ardrad P. II. 788 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hardraus Pol. R. p. 82 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hardarat P. VII. 139 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hartarat, Harterat Gld. II. 9.123 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Harderad P. IX. 899 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Harderat P, V. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Harderat Laur. sec. 10 (n.1359)n.d. Pbrstemann col. 610 Hardrad P. I. 168 n.d. Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. Pn. col. 757 Pn. col. 757 En. col. 757 Pn. col. 757 Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 757 Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann Pbrstemann col. col. 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 117 Hardrad Hardrad Hardrad Hardrad Hardrad Hardrad Hardrad Hartrad Hartdrad Hartdrad Hartrat Hartarat Hartaraht Hartrat Hartarat Ardrad Harderat Harterad PLACE NAMES Harteratesdorp Harterateshus P. I. 169 P. I. 209 P. II. 596 P. VII. 598 P. X. 639 St. PO Pol. Irm. n.d. Laur. sec. Laur. sec. Dr. 813 St. G. (n.385) St. G. (n.386) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 12, 36 etc. 9 (n.1566)n.d. 8 (n.327) n.d. Pol. R. p. 76 n.d. 892 893 865, 875 St. G. (n.585) Conc. Cabilon K. (n.239) Gud. n.d. n.d. 879 915 1090 1090 1'78 HEAbOLAP -a man of the Wylfing Tribe B 960 Heabolife n.d. Pbrstemann col. 695 Haduleif Gr. II. 50 PLACE NAMES Pn. col. 795 ?Hadilvingerod n.d. 1179 HEMMING -a kinsman of Offa and Eomér ON Hemingr ODan Heming, Hemming B 1999, 1961 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 9 Orkneyinga Saga p. 333 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 259 CPB I. 198 CPB I. 198-52 CPB II. 990 CPB II. 528 Pdrstemann col. 600 Liljegren no. 225 Liljegren no. 900 908 Liljegren no. 507 557 Liljegren no. Liljegren no. 650 656 Liljegren no. Liljegren no. 559 Liljegren no. 1379 Thorpe DA p. 20 Fbrstemann col. Pn. col. 799 Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 799 Pbrstemann col. Liljegren no. 600 600 600 Fbrstemann col. 600 799 Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 799 Fbrstemann col. Pn. col. 799 Fbrstemann col. Pn. col. 600 600 600 hemninges, hem inges (gen) King Heming slain by Norr King Hemingr fell before Norr Hemingr, brother to Alfr Heming, slayer of Helgi's father Hemingr, slayer of Helgi's father Heming, a famous sea-king Hemingr, son Hundings Konungs Chamming Hemikr son of Ihulfast (runic) Emink, father of Raknfastr (runic) Himinkr, son of Ulf (runic) Hemik Himinkr, son of Borkilf (runic) (runic) Henminkr (runic) Himikr, son of Halftan (runic) Hemik (runic) Hamink (runic) ?Umming prefectus Haming Haming Heming Hamminc Hamminc Hamminc Hemminc Hamminc Chaming Chaming Hemming Hemming n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist Plateyarbook I. 21-2 Norna-gests pattr chap. 5 Kaoro-liob 1.1 Helgi iii. 1 Thulor 1.9 Helgi and Cara n.d. Pd. (n.990) 719 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. King Ine 725 P. III. 15 n.d. MG I. 23 n.d. Paul. diac. II. 2 n.d. MG I. 38, II. 79 n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 8 9 n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. MG II. 387 n.d. St. P. (twice) n.d. MG I. 111, 128 n.d. d. Ch. I. 859 n.d. MG. II. 672 LC. (n.29) 802 LVD p. 33 LVD p. 19 LVD p. 10 LVD p. 10 CPB II. 102 Langebek II. 390 Langebek I. 29 Langebek I. 156 Langebek I. 267 Langebek I. 339 Langebek I. 267 Gertz I. 169 Gertz I. 168.22 Gertz I. 177.11 Pms XI. 905 Gertz I. 187.21 N 8 5 Crawford Charters XIII. 91 Langebek I. 227 Pms I. 106 Langebek I. ad 996 Langebek I. 502 Langebek I. 509 Langebek I. ad 996 Langebek I. 520 Pbrstemann col. 600 Langebek I. 335 Pms V. 299 Sweet p. 950 Saxo IX. 361 Pornaldar Sbgur III. 966 18() ?Hemmi Hemmingus ?Hemma ?Hemma Heming Hemming, son of Olavus HEMING Kunung Olafs sun HENNING HEMMINGUS, son of Sigericus Pax inter HEMMINGUM 8 Carulum Hemmingus dies Hemming, son of Olaf makes peace with Charlemagne Hemming, successor to Olaff gothdreng Hemmingus, successor to Godefridus Hemingr, brother to G6befribus Hemming son of Olauus Hemminus HEMMINGUS also HEMMINGUS Hemingr Hemmingus Rex Danorum HEMMINGUS Danorum Rex Hemmingus Danorum Rex dies Hemmingus, son of Halfdan Hemmingus, Halpdani filius Hamming Hemmingus Halpdani filius Hemingr jarl ?Hemma Hemmingus, King of Denmark Hemingr Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) Nomina Prasbyterorum n.d. Nomina Prasbyterorum n.d. (gold) Nomina Presbyterorum n.d. (gold) n.d. Thomas Ghysmer ca. 810 Series Runica Prima Chron. Erici Regis Hamsfortii Chronol Secunda 791 Annales Bartholinian 811 Hamsfortii Chronol. Secunda 812 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie ca. 812 Reges Danorum n.d. Wilhelmi Abbatis Gen. Regum. Danorum n.d. ca. 800 Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie n.d. n.d. Annal. Esrom. 786-803 n.d. Gen. stirpis Reg. Dan. fl. 810-812 Chron. Anschariana 811 Chron. Anschar. 812 Gen. Stirpis Reg. Dan. fl. 812-837 Chron. Anschar. 837 Ng. 8 K. 817, 821 Annales Bartholiniani 837 ca. 850 Ceolwulf 868 or 888 n.d. Sturlaugs Saga Starfsama chap. 7 Keary I. 97, 119, 136 Heimskringla VI. 38 Heimskringla VI. 19 Hearne Heming p. 296 P1. W. I. 161 N 8 S Crawford Charters p. 139 Sim D II. 190 Ems I. 155 Gunnlangs Saga OrmstungU, chap. 10 Pms XI. 107-159ff Fms V. 156 Sim D II. 163 El. W. I. 199 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 379-915 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 386-7 Orkneyinga Saga Thorpe DA p. 953 Ellis DB II. 190 Ellis DB II. 190 Ellis DB II. 190 EAF V. 759 Dipl. Isl. I. 172 Sim D I. 80 LVD p. 71 Nielsen p. 92 Pbrstemann col. 599 Fbrstemann col. 599 181. Heming, a moneyer of Eadmund Heming, brother to jarl Sigvaldr Heming Hakonsson Hemming, a monk duke Hemingus arrives in Thanet Heming, a Danish leader Hemmingus, a Danish leader Hemingr Strfitharaldsson Hemingr Strfit-Haraldsson Hemingr Strutharaldsson Hemingr, brother of porkel héfi Hemmungs, son of Gunhilda, banished Hemmingo, son of Gunnilda banished Heming Aslaksson Heming appears at King Edward's court Heming fights at Battle of Stamford Bridge Eadgythe Hemmingp Haminc, Haiminc Haminc homo regis E. Hamingus teignus R.E. Heming subprior Worc. Hemingr Hemming, descendant of Hunred Hemming PLACE NAMES Hemmingstrup Hemmenberch Hemminbah 939 x 995 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 38 ca. 995 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 19 ca. 995 11th c. 1009 1009 1009 n.d. 1019 x 1035? ca. 985-1019? 1015 x 1028 1099 1099 Hemings pattr, passim fl. 1060-1066 Hemings pattr ca. 1060 Hemings pattr 1066 Memoriale Terrae de Offcolm post 1066 Sussex, 21 twice 26b. 1088 Glouc. 169b. Nottingh. 289 Linc. 337, 361 twice Cambr. 199b. 1088 Buck. 150 twice 1088 ca. 1090 Hislant terra ca. 1100 ca. 1115 13th c. hand n.d. n.d. n.d. Fbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. BCS BCS BCS Pms KCD KCD KCD KCD 760 1310 1311 XI. 1330 809 809 906 188 Ekwall p. 222 Ekwall p. 222 Ekwall p. 222 Ekwall p. 222 Ekwall p. 222 Ekwall p. 222 Lindkvist p. 33 Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 127 127 127 127 127 793 793 793 793 793 793 793 799 799 799 799 599 599 182 Hemminhovun Hemminhusir haminga londgemare Hemmingeford Hamingeforde Hemingaborg Hemmingford Hemingeford Hemingeton Hemmingford Hemingborough YE Hemingby Li Hemingford Abbots Hu Hemingford Grey HU Hemingstone Sf Hemington Le Hemmyngdaila Li. i Haminghs Pyt Hemmingstveit Hemmings-Augland Hemmingstad i Hemingswelli Hemings Hemmenhagen Hemmonhem Hemmonthorp Hemmincburan Hammingerod Hammingastegun Hamingesheim Hemmingeshus Hemingestorph Hemmingi Vallis n.d. n.d. King Eadmund 990 King Eadgar, Dec. 28, 979 King Eadgar, Dec. 28, 979 Knutlinga Saga ca. 1015 Hardacnut 1092 Eadweard 1060 Eadweard 1060 Eadweard n.d. (Hemyngburh 1080-6 YCH 979) (Hamingebi DB Hemmingebei 1173p) (Hemmingeford BCS 1310) 979 (Hemminggeford ca. 1000HEI (Hamingestuna DB) 1088 (Hemingeton 1209 Cur) Ch. R. 1312 (DN V. 301) n.d. (DN VI. 817) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1902 1557 B 1127 B 1091 B 1083, 1096 ASPR VI. 3 Sweet p. 171 Nennius para. 31 Nennius para. 31 ASChr ABCEF Ethelweard p. 9 Ethelweard p. 7 W. Malm p. 9 Nennius para. 37 W. Malm p. 12 F1. 9. p. 298 Pl. 9. p. 258 Sim 0 II. 366 Sim 0 II. 367 Sim D II. 367 P1. W. I. 1 W. Malm. p. 10 Sweet, Bede I. 15 Sweet, Bede II. 5 W. Malm p. 392 W. Malm p. 99 W. Malm p. 11 ASChr ABCEF Pl. W. I. 2 Ethelweard p. 10 Annals SN p. 119 ASChr. ABCEF 1183 HENGEST -leader of the Half-Danes Hengest Hengestes (gen) Hengeste (dat) Hengest hengest uitting Hengest the leader of the Saxons Hengist, son of Wihtgils Hengest comes to England Hengest, Jutish leader Hengest, descendent of Woden Hengesto, leads Saxons into Britain Hengist gives his sister to Vortigern Hengestus murders the British nobles HENGEST Hengest dux Hengest Hengest, leader of the Angles Hengest, first king of the Angles Hengst and Hors first leaders Hengestus invites his countryment to England hengist, hangist hengist, hangest a fratre et nepote Hengestii Hengestus' nephews conquer the North Hengestii fights against Vortigern Hengest and Horsa fight Wyrtgeorne Hengst conquers Wyrtgeorno Hengest begins to rule Hencgistus rules in Kent Hengest fights at Crecganford n.d. n.d. n.d. Finnsburg 1.18 Kent genealogy n.d. 997 997 genealogy 999, 998F 499 999 999 ca. 950 ca. 950 Kent. gen. n.d. Kent. gen. ca. 950 Kent. gen. n.d. n.d. n.d. 950 ca. 950 ca. 950 n.d. n.d. ca. 950 ca. 955 955 955 955 955 956; 957A Ethelweard p. 10 P1. W. I. 2 Nennius para. 93 Nennius para. 96 ASChr ABCEE ASChr ABCEF Ethelweard p. 11 Pl. W. I. 2 W. Malm p. 12 Pl. W. I. 3 W. Malm p. 19 Ethelweard p. 12 Ethelweard p. 18 Sim D II. 3 Pl. W. I. 12 W. Malm p. 76 Ethelweard p. 27 Ethelweard p. 28 Ethelweard p. 30 KCD 1302 Fbrstemann col. BCS 158 BCS 296 BCS 366 P1. W. I. 69 Pl. W. I. 69 ASChr. 18L} Hengest conquers Cantia Hengst and Asc win at Creccanford Vortimer battles Hengist Hengist slays the nobles of Briton Hengest and Aesc win at Wippedsfleo Hengest puts Welsh to flight Hengest wins victory over Britons Hengst and Esc win fourth battle Hengestus dies 39 years after his arrival Hengst dies after ruling 39 years post mortem of Hengesti octovo Fifty-six years since Hengest s arrival Hengest, ancestor of Ethelbyrht Hengest, ancestor of Ethelberht Hengst, ancestor of Ethelberhtus post mortem Hengestii anno centesimo tricesimo 339 years since Hengest arrived 350 years since Hengest arrived battle at Hengestes dune Elfget Hengbes sunu Hengest PLACE NAMES Hangestes ricg Hengestes heafod Hengestesie Mons Hengisti Hengestes-dune Hengestdune, Hengestesdune 957 957 ca. 960? ca. 960? 965: 9618,C; 966P 973 973 973 ca. 987 988 995 519 596 616 gen. 616 626 787 800 836 Eadmund £beling ca. 1006 M. B. (XXIX) 1092 King Ethelheard 737 King Offa of Mercia 769 x 785 King Kenulf 821 835 835 835 185 Finberg 1969 no. 933 Hengesteshrege King Ebelstan 929 x 929 Finberg 1969 no. 936 Hengest Were Ebelstan 937 BCS 727 hengestes rIgc King Ebelstan 938 BCS 768 hengersten King Eadmund 991 Finberg 1960 no. 960 Hengesteshrege King Eadred 996 x 955 KCD iii 996 Hengstes reg Eadred 956 Edwards L. H. p. 169 Hengstesere King Eadwig 957 KCD 1216 Hengestes ig King Eadwig n.d. BCS 1000 hengstes earas King Eadwig 957 BCS 1002 ET HENGESTESIGE King Eadwig n.d. BCS 1080 hengest pabes geat King Eadgar 961 BCS 1127 hengestes doune King Eadgar 969 KCD 536 Hengestesbroc King Eadgar 967 BCS 1282 Hengestes healh King Eadgar 972 BCS 1319 hincstes grefah King Eadgar n.d. KCD 698 Hengestes geat Ebelred 985 KCD 719 Hengesbes cumb Ebelred 1005 Ekwall p. 229 Henstridge So (Hengstesrig BCS 923) Ekwall p. 229 Hinksey Brk (Hengestesieg BCS 366) Ekwall p. 230 Hinxhill K (Henxhille 1288 Ep) Ekwall p. 230 Hinxton Ca (Henxtenton 1203 Cur) Ekwall p. 230 Hinxwort Hrt (Hain(ge)steuuorde DB) 1086 Pn. col. 813 Hengistfeldon n.d. Pn. col. 813 Hengistdorf n.d. Pn. col. 813 Hengesbach n.d. DN I. 559 Hengestig Gaard n.d. 1186 HEOROGAR -Danish King -elder brother of Hrobgar B 61 Heorogar n.d. B 967 Heregir n.d. s 2158 HiorogEr cyning n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Chargar H. (n.230) 615 Porstemann col. 623 Herigaer Pd. (n.577) 799 Pn col. 769 Harigaer St. G. (n.12) 795 Pn. col. 770 Hericher St. G. (n.97) 765 Fbrstemann col. 623 Hericher Ng. 765 Pn. col. 769 Heriker St. G. (n.139) 795 Pn. col. 769 Herigaer St. G. (n.193) 807 Fbrstemann col. 623 Heriger Ng. 792, 805, 815, 817, 818, 822 Pn. col. 769 Hariker MG I. 396 n.d. Pn. col. 769 Harker MG I. 68, 352 n.d. Pn. col. 770 Hereger MG I. 397 n.d. Pn. col. 770 Eriger MG II. 98 n.d. Pn. col. 770 Erger MG II. 622 n.d. Pn. col. 770 Herigar MG III. 257 n.d. Pn. col. 770 Aregar MG III. 251 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. I. dften n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. II. 291 n.d. Fbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. III. 568 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. IV. 16 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. V. often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. VI. 18 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. VII-IX often n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger P. X. 536 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger Wg. tr. C. 233, 292 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger St. P. twice n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Heriger Laur. repeatedly n.d. Fbrstemann col. 623 Hiriger P. V. 929 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Hergeir P. II. 697 note n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Haircar Pol. Irm. p. 270 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Aregar Pol. Irm. pp. 122, 209 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Erigar P. IX. 107 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Harigaer St. P. (twice) n.d. Pbrstemann col. 623 Hariger Pol. R. p. 53 n.d. Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 col. 623 Pn. col. 769 Fbrstemann .Grueber Jaffe. Mon. BCS 1289 Fbrstemann col. 623 Mog. 368 col. 623 Fn. col. 770 Pn. col. 770 Hariker, Harker Haregar Haregar Harchar Harchar Harchar Harcar Harger Harger Herigar Herigar Hariger Heriker Heriker Heregar, Heriger moneyer Heregar, Hariger, abbot 487 PLACE NAMES Heregeres heafod Herigereshusa Ergersheim Herigerisdorf Gld. II. a. 100 n.d. P. II. 279 n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 226 n.d. P. II. 195 n.d. P. VI. 19 n.d. P. VIII. 57S n.d. P. IX. 198 n.d. P. XI. 907 n.d. Laur. sec. 9 (n.2789)n.d. P0 110 687fe 697’ 701‘705 n.d. P. IX. 108 n.d. Schn. 820 St. G. (n.629) 882 K. (n.158) 882 996 x 975 d. 1007 King Eadgar 972 n.d. n.d. n.d. 991 1017, 1176 903 975ff. 766 1990 2099 wwwmmwm ASChr. ABCEF BCS 30 BCS 297 BCS 269 BCS 361 BCS 791 BCS 792 BCS 965 BCS 1087 BCS 1105 Dugdale, Mon. Angl. II. 323 Dugdale, Mon. Angl. VI. 1995 i188 HEOROT -Hrobgar's famous hall Heort Heorot Heorotes (gen) Heorote (dat) Heorute (dat) Hiorote (dat) Hiorte (dat) PLACE NAMES Heorotforda, Heortforda Heorutford heorat burnan Heortmere Heortlabyrig heorot felda heorot sol heort 7yllan hiort burnar ET HEORT PORD Heort le3e Heort-Sole 673 Council of Hertford 29 Sept. 673 King Offa of Mercia King Offa of Mercia May 9 (795 for) 792 785 Boundaries of Salewearpe King Ebelstan King Eadmund King Eadwig Bishop Oswald Bishop Oswald King Eadgar King Ebelred n.d. 939 999 956 962 963 n.d. n.d. ON Hjbrvarbr B 2161 Saxo II. 69 Saxo II. 70 Saxo II. 75 Saxo II. 77 Saxo II. 80 Saxo II. 81 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 36 Saga Of Hrolf Kraki p. 78 Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 88 Nielsen p. 95 Langebek II. 297 Nielsen p. 95 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 82 Langebek I. 151 Gertz I. 52 Gertz I. 161.5 Gertz I. 167.8 Gertz I. 175.19 Gertz I. 186.16 Gertz I. 298 Langebek I. 226 1189 HEOROWEARD -son of Heorogar -nephew of Hrobgar Heorowearde (dat) Hiartuar marries Rolf Krake's sister Hiartuar plots against Rolf Krake Hiartuar battles Rolf Krake Hiartuar is Rolf Krake's son-in-law Rolf Krake fell to the Goths led by Hiartuar Wigg kills Hiartuar in revenge of Rolf Hjorvarth, a powerful king, marries Skuld daughter of King Helgi and half sister of King Hrolf Hjorvarth and Skuld plot vs. Hrolf King Hjorvarth slain Hyarvarus Hyarwarus, Hiarthwarus, Hiarwarus Hiarwarth HIARTUARUS HIARWARUS, gener Rolvonis HYARWARUS Hiarwart, comes Scanie, slayer of Rolf Hiarward, successor to Rolf Jaruarder, successor to Rolff Crake Iiarward, successor to Rolf Kraki Hiartuarus, successor to Rolf Karaki Roluo and all his men slain by Hiarwarus Hiarwarth, tributary and slayer of Rolf n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Ry. Arb. n.d. Thomae Gheysmeri Annal. Lund. n.d. Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis Chronicon Lethrense n.d. chap. 8 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie n.d. Reges Danorum n.d. Nomina Regum Danorum n.d. Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie n.d. Comp. Saxo. II. 8 n.d. Volsunga Saga p. CPB I. 133 Pornaldar Sbgur CPB I. 195 CPB I. 163 CPB I. 163 Pornaldar Sbgur Volsunga Saga p. CPB I. 230 Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur Heimskringla I. Pornaldar Sbgur BCS 185 Pbrstemann col. 76 I. 259 I. 259 52 I. 311 II. 216 91 I. 275 633 Liljegren no. 1121 Liljegren no. 50 BCS Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. 327 col. 781 781 781 781 Pn. 781 Pn. 896 Pbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. 633 633 633 633 633 633 633 633 633 1190 Hjorward, son of Hunding slain by Sigurd Pafnisbane Hiorvarbr konungr i Noregi Hiaorvarb, son of Hunding, slain by Helgi Hjbrvarb, son of Hunding slain by Helgi King Hiaorvarb Hiaorvarbi haugar Hervarbr, Hiaorvarbr.... Hjbrvarb, son of Hunding Herward, son of Hunding Hiaorvarbr, son of Arngrim, a berserker Hjorvarbr, son of Arngrim Hjbrvarbr, the berserker Hjbrvarbr enn Ylfing Hjbrvarb father of Hervbru Herewardi episcopi Eriward Hirvarp (runic) Hiorvapur (runic) Here7ardus episcopus Hariward Hariwert Hairoward Heriwart Heroard Hiriward Heriward Heriward Heriward Heriward Heriward Heriward Heriwart Heriwart Herewart n.d. Helgi and Swava n.d. Helga-kviba' 55 Nornagests pattr ch. 5 Helgi and Swava 1.38 The Waking of Angantheow 1.8 The Waking of Angantheow 1.33 Norna-gests battr ch. 5 n.d. Hyndlo-liod 11. 91-6 Hervarer Saga ok Herbreks chap. 2 Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 19 Ynglinga Saga chap. 91 Sorla battr chap. 6 King Kinewlf 758 Tr. W. (n.206) 786 n.d. n.d. King Cynulf 808 Laur. sec. 9 (n.510) n.d. MG II. 221 n.d. MG II. 217 n.d. MG often n.d. MG I. 189 n.d. CM. Sept n.d. P. VI. 973f n.d. P. VIII. 391 n.d. P. IX often n.d. P. X. 539 etc. n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2126)n.d. Wg. tr. C. 256 n.d. St. P. n.d. Laur. sec. 9 (n.270) n.d. Laur! 33C. 9 (fl.28'67)fl.d. Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Fbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Jaffe, Mon. Corb. 67 Pn. col. 781 Fbrstemann col. 633 Pn. col. 781 Pn. col. 781 Pbrstemann col. 633 Arnold, Mem. St. Edmunds Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 Pbrstemann col. 633 ASChr. E Liber Eliensis pp.173ff ASChr. DE Pl. W. II. 9 Sim D II. 195 Ellis DB II. 196 Ellis DB II. 196 LVD p. S LVD p. 79 Pbrstemann col. 633 Lindkvist p. 217 Pn. col. 781 191 Herevard Hervard Hervard Heroard Eriward Hairoard Hairoard Heiroard Airoard Hereward, Herwardus Herivart Herowart Heriwart Herewart Herward Hereweard aurifex Harvard Harwart Harwart Hereward plunders Peterborough Hereward Hereward escapes Herewardus sails to island of Ely Herewardus revolts vs. William I Hereuuard Hereuuardus Hereuuard Hereuuord PLACE NAMES Heriwartesdorf Herwardtoft Li Heriwardeshusen Wg. tr. C. 328, 395 n.d. P. IX. 989 n.d. P. IX 529 n.d. Pol. R. p. 21 n.d. P. III. 90 n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 11, 28 n.d. Pol. R. pp. 99, 75 n.d. Pol. R. p. 69 n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 198,272n.d. ca. 890 St. G. (n.909) 898 Necr. Fuld. 852 K (n.136) 861 St. G. (n.750) 907 Gud. 976 11th c. Lc. (n.157) 1020 M.B. (XIII) 1090 Lc. (n.192) 1057 1070 ca. 1071 1072b, 1071B 1071 1079 Linc. 369b. 1088 Clam. in Chetst. 376b. Warw. 290, 290b. twice 291 Clam. in Chetst. 377 1088 Reginarum et abbatisarum(?) 12th c. 12th or early 13th c. hand n.d. 1316 Ch. R. n.d. 1192 HEREBEALD -Geatish prince -eldest son of Hrebel B 2939 Herebeald n.d. B 2963 Herebealde (dat) n.d. Bede V. 6 Herebald ca. 686 BCS 121 Herebaldus, speculator ca. 708 eccl. Dei Pbrstemann col. 618 Cherebald Pd. (n.528) 723 Sim D II. 39 abbot Herebald dies 795 Pbrstemann col. 618 Chairebald, Cairebald Mab. 751 Pbrstemann col. 618 Aribald Ng. 759 Pn. col. 765 Haribold St. G. (n.25) 759-60 Pn. col. 765 Haribold St. G. (n.37) 762 Pn. col. 765 Heribald St. G. (n.69) 772 Pbrstemann col. 617 Heribald Ng. 786, 791, 829, 825 Fbrstemann col. 617 Haribold Ng. 790 En. col. 765 Haribold St. G. (n.125) 790 Pbrstemann col. 617-8 Heribold Ng. 795, 806, 825, 826 Pbrstemann col. 618 Heripold Ng. 788, 796 Pbrstemann col. 618 Herebald Lc. (n.7) 796 LVD p. 9 Herebald Nomina Abbatum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 23 Herebald Nomina Clericorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 25 Herebald Nomina Clericorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 25 Herebald Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) LVD p. 28 Herebald Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) LVD p. 30 Herebald Nomina Clericorum n.d. (silver) LVD p. 36 Herebald Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) LVD p. 37 Herebald Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) Fdrstemann col. 617 Haribald Laur. sec. 8 (n.2020)n.d. Fbrstemann col. 617 Haripald St. P. twice n.d. Pbrstemann col. 617 Haribold Pol. Irm. p. 153 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 617 Heribald P. II. 105-9 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 617 Heribald P. V. 899 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 617 Heribald P. VI. 797 n.d. Pbrstemann col. 617 Heribald Laur. repeatedly n.d. Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pn. Pn. col. Pn. Pn. Pn. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 765 765 765 765 765 Pn. col. 765 Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Grueber p. Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 9ff col. col. col. col. col. col. Ekwall p. 208 Pn. Pn. col. 765 col. 765 617 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 618 1193 Heribald Haribold Heripald Heripald Heripolt Herbald Haribold Hairbold Hairbold Heirbold Herapald, Herapold Ariopaltus Eribald Eribolth Erribold Erbold Aribald Aripald Eribald Eripald Erribold Airbald Airbold Airbald Heribold Herebald or Herebeald, moneyer of Ethelwulf et Erbald Herebold Airbold Heirbald Aribald PLACE NAMES Erboldeswanc Harbledown K Erpaldingas Hereboldesperc al. P. V. 10 n.d. Pol. R. p. 39 n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 (n.19) n.d. St. P. n.d. St. P. n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2291)n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 13 n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 23 n.d. Pol. R. pp. 99,55, etc. n.d. Pol. R. p. 95 n.d. MG II. 95 n.d. MB (Epist. Merov.) I. 699ff n.d. MG II. 151 n.d. MG III. 16 MG I. 155 n.d. MG II. 353 n.d. Laur sec. 8 (n.2771) n.d. P. III. 253 n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 69 . n.d. St. P. n.d. Gld. II. a. 99 n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 235 n.d. P. III. 529, 532 n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 162, 218 n.d. Dr. (n.988) 835 838 x 901 Lc. (n.61) 895 K. (n.199) 869 Conc. Ticin. 876 St. M. ca. 962 Cone. Ansan. 999 n.d. (Herebolddune 1175) n.d. n.d. ON Hermébr B 1709 B 901 P1. W. p. 297 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 12 DI. I. 505 Heimskringla I. 192 CPB II. 926 CPB I. 269 CPB II. 365 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 CPB I. 227.7 CPB I. 129.12 Pn. col. 775 Pn. col. 775 Fbrstemann col. 628 Pn. col. 776 Pn. col. 775 Pbrstemann col. 628 Pn. col. 776 Pbrstemann col. 628 Keary I. 68 Liljegren no. 1196 Pms VIII. 2 LVD p. 22 Pn. col. 775 Pn. col. 775 Fn. col. 775 Pn. col. 775 Pn. col. 776 Fn. col. 776 Fn. col. 776 19L} HEREMOD -a king of the Danes Herembd Herembdes (gen) Heremod, ancestor of Woden Heremoth (called Hermob) ancestor of Voden heremeth, predacessor to skialldvn Hermébr, son of Odin Hermdbr, son of Obin Hermébr Hermdbr tries to prolong Balder's life Hermdbr Hermobi Hermobr, the boldest hearted Herimot Herimot Herimot Arimod Herimot Herimot Harimotar Harimuat Heremod, a moneyer of Cuthred Hairmup, father of Vekil (runic) Hermébr Trinamsson Heremod Harmot Hairmod Herimod, Herimot Herimuat, Herimuot Arimod , Arimot Herimo Arimo n.d. n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 6 Gen. n.d. n.d. Thulor 1.197 Hakonar-mal 1.38 The Proverb Poem n.d. Sogubrot af Pornkonungum chap. 3 The Plyting of Ivar and Woden 1.12 Dr. (n.17) 758 St. G. 750-800 Schn. 758 Parf. (n.56) 769 St. G. 766 Wessobr. Urk. 792 M.B. VII. 373 792 Tr. W. (n.23) 798 798 x 806 n.d. Gen. n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) MG II. 995 n.d. MG II. 360 n.d. MG often n.d. MG many n.d. MG many n.d. Lc. Arch. VI. 70 n.d. MG I. 200, II. 80 n.d. Porstemann col. Porstemann col. Fbrstemann Farstemann Parstemann Porstemann Parstemann Porstemann Farstemann Porstemann Porstemann BCS 319 Pn. col. 775 col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. Porstemann col. Porstemann col. BCS 322 Porstemann col. Porstemann col. BCS 381 Pn. col. 775 Porstemann col. Pn. col. 775 Pn. col. 775 Thorpe DA p. Pn. col. 776 BCS nus Sim D II. 69 Sim D II. 99 F1. W. I. 71 Asser p. 3 97 Porstemann col. ASChr ABCD W. Malm p. 121 Pn. col. 77S Porstemann col. BCS 506 628 628 628 628 528 628 629 629 629 628 629 628 628 628 628 629 628 628 1195 Herimat Hermat Herimuot, Harimot, Herimot, Hermaot Harmot Herimod Herimod Heirmod Arimod Airmod Herimuot Herimsot Heremod p' Herimuat Herimuat Herimot Heremod presbiter Herimod Herimaot, Hermot Heremod presbiter Herimuat Hermuot Herimuot Herimot Heremodo, Presbyter(o) Herimo Heremod presbyter Heremod, ancestor Heremod, ancestor Heremod, ancestor Heremod, ancestor Herimut Heremod, ancestor ipelwulf of of of of of Heremodius, ancestor Ethelwulf Herimot Herimot Heremod pr' Alfred Alfred Alfred Alfred of Gr. IV. 986 n.d. Gr. II. 658 n.d. St. P. n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. P. II. 388 n.d. Pol. R. p.83 n.d. Pol. R. pp. 101, 105,n.d. Gld. II. a. 113 n.d. Pol. R. p. 183 n.d. Dr. 801 Necr. Fuld. 802 Archbishop Edilheard 805 St. G. 809 K. 809, 822 R. (n.15) 810 Archbishop Uulfred Apr. 21, 811 Le. (n.80) 820 R. (n.21) 821 Archbishop Wulfred July 23, 82“ St. G. 82k, 830 etc. M.B. (VIII) 828 St. G. (n.331) St. G. 838 Ethelwulf auu Dr. (n.883) 836 Archbp. Oswulf sun Wessex gen. 889 830 Wessex gen. 8u8 8&9 gen. 8H9 gen. H (n.87) 85$ gen. 853 Wessex gen. ca. 855 St. G. 857 Ng. 858 King Ebelberht of Wessex 862 BCS 508 BCS S16 Porstemann BCS SR3 Grueber p. Pdrstemann Grueber p. BCS 622 Porstemann BCS 723 BCS 873 FMS I. Farstemann Pms XI. LVD p. 100 KCD iii 387 col. 776 col. 776 Fn. Pn. col. 629 32ff col. 628 26 col. 628 170, 172 col. 628 126, 169, 171 Pn. col. 776 Ekwall p. 207 Ekwall p. 210 Ekwall p. 210 Rygh p. 129 lfiflb Heremod p?" Heremod presbyter Arimodo Heremod minister Heremod, moneyer of Alfred, et a1. Harmot HEREMOD, moneyer of Eadward the Elder Heremod clericus Hermuot Heremod minister Heremod presbyter ?Armébr Kappi Harmod ?Armobr Hurmodus PLACE NAMES Hermodes borne Ermuotingen Herimuteshusen Herimotestat Hanthorpe Harmondsworth Mx Harmston Li Hermanstad King ibelberht of Wessex 863 King flbelred of Wessex 867 Lp. (1.839ff) 870 Bishop Ealhferb 871 x 877 877 x 975 K. (n.155) 879 901 x 825 King Eadward 909 M.B. (VIII) 931 King £6elstan'(670 for)938 King Eadred 988 n.d. St. M. 972 Jomsvikingadrapa ca. 1000? 13th c. hand Bcgfrith 796 n.d. n.d. n.d. (flermodestorp DB) 1088 (Hermodesworde DB) 1088 (Hermodestune, Hermestune DB) 1088 Harmodzstader 1308 ON ?Hérekr B 2206 CPB II. H23 Porstemann Fn. col. HS Fn. col. 85 Pl. W. p. 2 DCB II. 607 F1. W. p. 2 Porstemann Sweet, Bede Fl. W. I. 1 Farstemann Porstemann Pn. col. 77 Porstemann Porstemann LVD p. 20 Pn. col. 7? Pn. col. 77 Pn. col. 77 Pn. col. 77 Pn. col. 77 Pn. col. 77 Pn. col. 77 Pn. col. 77 Porstemann Porstemann Porstemann Porstemann Porstemann Porstemann Porstemann Porstemann col. u u 58 68 col. IV. u col. col. 8 col. col. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 630 630 23 630 630 630 631 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 ‘197 HERERIC -uncle of Heardred -brother of Hygd -a Geat Hererices (gen) Harekr, a famous sea-king Chararich Erarich, King of the Rugians ‘Epapixos Hereric Hereric, father of abbess Hild Herericus Charricus hererici (father of Hild) Hereric, father of K. Aldulf of East Anglia Charirigus Airigus Hererico Hererich Airich Hereric Chararich Heririch Heririh Hererich Herrich Herrich, Herrih, Herrihc Airich Aririch Haririh Chararich, Ariarich Heririch Heririh Herric Herrich Herrich Airarich, Ariorich n.d. Thulor 1.7 Greg. Tur. II. H1 6th c. Procop. III. 2 Northumbrian gen. ca. 615 Deiran gen. ca. 630 Pd. (n.312) 688 n.d. 668 Tr. w. (n.2os,223) Tr. w. (n.2u3) P. XXIII. 60 H. (n.38) Pd. (n.3u9) Nomina Clericorum (gold) Predegar 28 MG many MG many MG I. 16, 238 CM Jul. MG many Pol. R. p. in MG II. 527 St. P. P. X. 327, 313 Laur. sec. 8 (n.362) St. P. repeatedly Wg. Tr. C. 268 P. V. 168 Laur. repeatedly P. VIII. 123 n.d. n.d. 699 700 716 716 731 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Farstemann col. 630 Pn. col. 778 Pn. col. 778 Heimskringla II. S Pornaldar SOgur I. 2u2 Liber Eliensis p. 13 Farstemann col. 630 Or. Isl. Grettis Saga chap. 7 Pn. col. 778 Pbrstemann col. 630 Or. Isl. Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 7-17 Heimskringla IV. u Grueber Pornaldar sogur III. 119 Pn. col. 778 Liber Eliensis p. 89 Viga-Styrs Saga ok Heibarviga chap. 1n Pornaldar Sbgur II. 57-62 Pornaldar Sbgur III. 253 Pornaldar Sbgur III. #16 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 236 Pornaldar SOgur II. 259 Or. Isl. Pn. col. 778 Heimskringla VI. 101 Heimskringla VI. 68 CPB II. 170 Ariarich Heririh Heririh ?Harekr ?Harekr Hererici Edwin Hererich ?Harekr ?Harekr, Haraldr Heririh Heririh ?Harekr ?Hérekr ?Harekr Herric, Ethelsta ?Harekr, Harricho Hererici ?Harekr, Borgarfi ?Harekr ?Hérekr ?Hérekr ?Hérekr, Bjarmala ?Harekr, one of the King's men ?Harekr Heririh ?Harekr ?Harekr ?Harekr 198 , Ararich Gandr gand nepotis regis Hilderibarson official of K. lufa Upplendinga-jarl Bjorgélfsson Gubormsson moneyer to n a berserker comitis (gen) bondi i r6i jérnhauss Konungr King King of nd i prondheim Hvasse of piotta or' piotto Jorn. n.d. St. G. (n.188) 806 St. G. (n.283) 82M Halfdanar Saga ens Svarta chap. 5 ca. 860 battr af Regnars Sonum chap. 5 n.d. H. (n.107) 870 Landnama-boc v.u.1. ca. 870 x 930 870 ma p. 5 882 Gud. 882 Landnama-boc III. 12.8 fl. ca. 930 Hakonar Saga Harallzsonar chap. u 930 x 93a 92% x 939 Hrolfs Saga Gautrekssonar chap. 27 Nass. (n.87) 9H2 ca. 950 n.d. porsteins Saga Vikingssonar 868a Saga ok Herraubs chap. 7 Halfdanar Saga Eysteinssonar chap. 15 Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 19 Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 27 Liosventninga Saga “.3 ma p. 8 977 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 101 ca. 1000 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. Skff ca. 998 n.d. PostbronOa Saga chap. 291 Heimskringla VII. 110 CPB II. CPB II. Postbroebra Saga chap. Morkinskinna p. 261 398-8 395.36 Njals Saga chap. 157 189 LVD p. 88 Rygh p. 116 Rygh p. 116 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 117 Rygh p. 127 Rygh p. 127 Rygh p. 127 Rygh p. 127 Fn. col. 778 ‘199 ?Hérekr Eyvindarson i pjottu ?Harekr Eyvindarson of Thiotta ?Hérekr ?Hérekr ?Hérek, a retainer of Earl Sigurd ?Hérekr, danskr Vikingr ?Harecr ?Heric PLACE NAMES ?Herstad ?Haarstad ?Haarstad ?Harstveit ?Aarikstad ?Haarigstad ? af Harixstadom ?Horsdal ?Harestad ?Hariksaid ?Herikstad ?Herikstad ?Herstad Harrikestrothe Olafs Saga ens Helga chap. 110-208 1015 x 1035 Olafs-rima 1.15 Olafs-rima 1.71 f1. 1010 1018 x 1035 Saga Magnus goba ok Heralds harbraba 1082 x 1056 12th or 13th c. hand (from Harrixsta) 1886 (from Haraxstodhum) 1383 (from Harikxstadum) 1863 (from Harxbueit) 1852 n.d. (from Horigstad) 1598 n.d. (from Harixdal) n.d. (from Harexstadum) n.d. n.d. (Herigstad) 1520 (Herrigstad, Heregstad) 1520 (from Herigxstadom) n.d. n.d. B 1071, 1118 LVD p. 3 Parstemann col. 20E) HILDEBURG -daughter of Hoc -sister of Hnrf Pbrstemann col. 669 Pn. col. 823 Pn. col. 823 Pn. col. 823 Pn. col. 823 Pn. col. 823 En. col. 823 Pn. col. 823 Pm. col. 823 Fn. col. 823 En. col. 823 Ebrstemann Farstemann Farstemann Fdrstemann Farstemann Ecrstemann Ebrstemann Fdrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. En. col. 823 Farstemann Fbrstemann Freeman II. LVH col. col. 186 -wife of Frisian King Finn Hildeburh n.d. Hildiburg Nomina Reginarum et Abbatissarum n.d. (silver) 669 Hildeberga Ng. 776 Hildiberga K. (n.17) 776 Hiltibiric MG I. 29 n.d. Hiltipiric MG I. 181 n.d. Ilteberga MG II. 377 n.d. Ihltibrich MG I. 180 n.d. Eldeberga MG many n.d. Eldeperga MG II. 378 n.d. Hildibirg, Hildibirc, MG passim n.d. Hildibric, Hildipric Hildebirg, Hildebirc, MG passim n.d. Hildebric, Hildepric Hiltibirg, Hiltibirc, MG passim n.d. Hiltibric, Hiltipric Hiltebirg, Hiltebirc, MG passim n.d. Hiltebric Hiltepric 669 Hildibirga Laur. sec. 8 (n.715) n.d. 669 Hildibirk Laur. sec. 8 (n.368) n.d. 669 Hildiberghe Wg. Tr. C. 110 n.d. 669 Iltipirch, Hiltipirc St. P. thrice n.d. 669 Hiltipirc Mchb. sec. 9 (n.398) n.d. 569 Hiltibirig, Hiltibric, Gld. II. a. 128 n.d. Hiltibrich, Hiltipric 669 Helbirk P. XI. 106 n.d. 669 Hildeberga Pol. Irm. pp. 9, 91 etc. n.d. 669 Hildeverga Pol. R. pp. 35, 36, n.d. 669 Hiltebric, Hiltebruc Necr. Aug. n.d. 669 Hiltberga Pol. Irm. pp. 231, 251 n.d. 662 Hilborgo Gld. II. a. 101 Hildeperga Farf. 813, 828 669 Hiltibirc R. (n.21) 821 669 Hiltibrihc Ng. 868 Hildeburh, Hildeburgis ca. 1020 Hildeburh ' ca. 1030 Ekwall p. 228 Ekwall p. 228 Ekwall p. 228 201 PLACE NAMES Hilborough Nf Hilbre Island Hillborough Wa (Hildeburhwella DB) 1088 (Hildeburwrthe 1282 Fees) (Hilburgwrth 1258 Val) (Hildeburghey ca. 1235 Chester) (Hildeburweye ca. 1300) (Hildeburhwrthe 710 BCS 127) 1088 (Hildeborde DB) (Hildeburworth 1202 A83.) ON Hnefi, Nefr B 1069 B 1118 ASPR III. 150 ASPR VI. 3 861 828 582 828 Fn. col. CPB II. CPB II. CPB IF. Pn. col. 861 CPB II. 828 Saxo VI. 228 Saxo VI. 231 Langebek II. 318 Fms IX. 823-7 Liliegren no. 1850 1360 Liljegren no. 260 Liljegren no. 861 861 861 861 861 861 861 861 Pn. col. Fn. Pn. col. C301 . Pn. col. Fn. col. Pn. col. En. col. Fn. col. 861 861 861 Pn. col. 861 Ellis DB II. Fn. col. Fn. col. Fn. col. 151 Orkneyinga Saga p. 116 Dipl. Norv. VIII. 90 202 HNEF —chief of the Halfdanes -brother of Hildeburh Hnaf Scyldinga Hnafes (gen) Hnef (weold) Hocingum (H)nmf, Hnafe Hnabi Hnefi, a famous sea-king Nefir, son of Halfdan Nefr, a dwarf Nebi Nefi, a dwarf Haneuus, King of Saxony, rebels vs. Frotho IV Hanef, King of Saxony slain by Frotho IV Hanevum, ruler of Saxonv Hanefr ungi Nafur, father of Sikrifr (runic) Nef (runic) Hunifrar, son of Kaira (runic) Nebi Nebi, Nebe Nebi Nebi Nevi Nebe Neve Nebi Nebe Nebes (gen) Nebi Nevi Hunef Hanefr, son of Arnkel hemi Hanefar n.d. n.d. Widsith 1.29 Finnsburgh 11.2, 80 St. G. (n.57) Thulor 1.19 Edda Skaldskapar-mal n.d. 770 Thulor 1.38 Dr. (n.108) 795 Thulor 1. 38 n.d. n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. P. II. 23 n.d. P. II. 591 n.d. P. VII. 98 n.d. MG many n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2102)n.d. MG I. 58, II. 817 n.d. MG II. 851 n.d. Dr (n.832,858 etc) 828, 825 etc. St. G. (n.800) 886 Dr. (n.573) 858 Necr Fuld 870 Lc. (n.102) 988 Kent 9 1088 Hunt. 203, 208 fl. 1136 ca. 1320 Dipl. Norv. VI. 386 Liljegren no. 123 etc. Liljegren no. 231 Liljegren no. 553 Liljegren no. 1030 Liljegren no. 2011 Liljegren no. 1081 BCS 892 BCS 1307 Rygh p. 115 Saxo VI. 231 Ekwall p. 230 Ekwall p. 320 Stenton DB XXVI Or. Isl. 2(33 Haanafuer PLACE NAMES Nas Socken HAnestad Nasby Nafvesta ?Hanstad N55 harad anfleage Hnafes scylf ?Haanshus Hanofra Hinwick Naseby Navenby Li Nefs-staber ca. 1370-80 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. King Eadred 951 King Eadgar 978 n.d. n.d. (Haneuuic DB) (Navesberie DB) (NavenebiDB) Gisla Saga 6.2; 3.5 1088 1088 1088 B 1076 ASPR III. 150 CPB II. 358 CPB II. 880 BCS 8 BCS 5 BCS 6 Raine I. 29 BCS 81 BCS 82 BCS 87 En. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 BCS 89 En. col. 862 Fbrstemann col. Pn. col. 861 Pn. col. 862 Pn. col. 862 Pn. col. 862 Pn. col. 862 Pn. col. 862 Pn. col. 862 Pn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 Fn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 Fn. col. 922 Fn. col. 922 Pn. col. 922 En. col. 922 H5ces (gen.) Hocingum Hoekings (megir) Hockingr, a sea king Hocca grafio Hocca comes Hocca Hocca prafectus Hooc presbiter et abbas Hooc presbiter Hooc presbiter et abbas ?Hug ?Huc ?Huges (gen.) Hogh Huoching Hocca Hoccho Hocing Hochinc Huachinc Huoching Huoching Huochinc Huuc ?Hugi, Huc ?Hugi ?Hugi ?Hugi ?Hugius ?Hugius ?Huge ?Hug ?Hug ?Hug -father of Hildeburh and of Hnaf n.d. Widsith 1.29 from Ragnar's Saga and Halfs Thulor Aethelberht Aethelberht 9 Jan. Aethelberht 9 Jan. ca. 673 Oedilred Mar. June 13, 693 Bishop Erconwald St. G. (n.39) St. G. (n.91) Dr. (n.80) Cadwala Dr. (n.107) n.d. MG I. 107 Laur. sec. 8 MG II. 128 MG II. 505 P. II. 590 MG I. 125, 127 Laur. sec. 8 MG III. 7 St. P. Cr. III. a. 62 Mchb. sec. 8 (n.363) MG many P. II. 575 P. VII. often MG II. 122 P. I, II often P. V. 836 P. VIII. often n.d. n.d. 605 605 605 693 695 763 779 785 n.d. 795 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Pn. col. En. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Fn. col. Fn. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. En. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Fn. col. KCD 792 KCD 793 Ellis, DB Fn. col. BCS 159 Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren 922 922 922 922 922 922 862 862 861 922 922 862 922 922 922 922 922 922 922 no. no. no. no. no. Gertz I. 86 Gertz I. 86 BCS 628 BCS 788 BCS 872 BCS 997 BCS 1000 Edwards L.H., p. 168 155 268 568 1068 1289 2(35 ?Hug ?Hugus ?Huuc ?Huc ?Huc, Huch ?Hugi Huaching Waching, Huacing Huohni ?Hug ?Huc Huohning ?Huc ?Huc ?Hug ?Huggi ?Huc ?Huug Hoica episcopus Hoica episcopus Hoch ?Huc PLACE NAMES in regione quem vocatur Hohg Hdgstad Hokhufrud HOgstena Hogs socken Hagsby socken Hdkabiarg, Sialandia H¢k(a)k¢ping, Sialardia hocing mada hocgan fleot Hokitton Hocton hokes clif hokes clive MG often MG II. 837 MG III. 7 P. II, V often MG often Dr. (n.150) Dr. (n.303, 308) Schn. Laur. St. G. (n.372) St. G. (n. 818) Dr. (n. 587) St. G. (n. 688 etc.) K (n. 168) St. G (n. 726 etc.) Gud. I. (n. 8) Ng. (n. 813) Necr. Fuld. Eadweard Eadweard 1088 K (cs n. 3) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 803 818 818 825 838 851 868 892etc. 892 903etc. 910 931 979 1050 1050 1095 King Eadberht of Kent 738 32121523 0.0-0.0. .d. Chron. Lethrense Chron. Lethrense King Eadward King Eadmund King Eadred Bishop Byrhthelm King Eadwig K. Eadwig n.d. n.d. 909 983 988 957 957 957 BCS 1029 BCS 1123 BCS 1138 BCS 1178 BCS 1213 BCS 1311 KCD 633 Edwards L. H. p. Thorpe DA p. 561 KCD 698 KCD 1368 KCD 809 KCD 953 Langebek I. 151 Langebek I. 151 Langebek I 228 Langebek I. 228 Lindkvist p. 185 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 232 Ekwall p. 233 Ekwall p. 233 Ekwall p. 237 Ekwall p. 281 Ekwall p. 331 Ekwall p. 283 Ekwall p. 283 Ekwall p. 283 Ekwall p. 283 206 hocer 7uda hocan edisce on Hoccan stige Hoketon hoces byrgels Hohtune Hohtuninga mearce Hocces clif Hocganclif at Hocgestune Hokeslode Houcton at Houcbig HOkakoping HBkabyerg Hokmbiarh HOkakopyng Hocwella Hockenhull Chs ?Hockerill Hrt ?Hockering Nf ?Hockerton Nt Hockham Nf Hockley Ess Hockley Wa Hockliffe Bd Hock worthy D Hoggeston DK Hoghton La Hook Norton 0 Houghton (several) Oakington Ca Hoxton Mx Hucking K Hucllow Db Hucknall, Ault Db King Eadwig 958 King Eadgar 963 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar 966 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar Dec. 28, 978 £6elred 982 K. Ebelred 988 n.d. Wulfwaru n.d. Boundaries at Homberdel n.d. Eadweard 1060 Ulf ca. 1066 Chronicon Erici Regis Chronicon Erici Regis Annal. Esrom. Annal. Esrom. Norf. DB 1088 (Hokunhul 1271) (Hokerhulle Hy 3) (Hokelinka DB) 1088 (Hoceretune DB) 1088 (Hocham DB) 1088 (Hocheleia DB) 1088 (Hokelowe 1385) (Hocgan clif 1015 Wills) (Hocoorde, Hochaorda DB) 1088 (Hochestone DB) 1088 (Hoctonam ca. 1160 LaCh) (Hocneratun 917 ASC) (sometimes Hoctune DB) 1088 (Hokintona ca. 1086) (Hochestone DB) 1088 (Hocston 1221 PP) (Hoking 1215 C1) (Hochelai DB) 1088 (Hokenhale 1291 tax) Ekwall p. 283-8 Ekwall p. 288 En. En. Pn. Pn. Pn. Fn. col. col. col. col. col. col. 862 922 922 922 922 922 Hucknall Torkard Nt Huxham D Hukengeswage Hugesberg Hugisbuocha Hugeshoven Hugeshus Hugeswilare (Hochenale) (Hochehale DB) (Hochesham DB) (Hokesham 1212 fees) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1088 1088 B 378 B 2830 B 1887, 2191 etc. B 1885 B 858 Porstemann col. 716 Ebrstemann col. 716 Ebrstemann col. 716 Ebrstemann col. 716 Fn. col. 887 Farstemann col. 716 Ebrstemann col. 717 Anscombe, p. 328 BCS 781 BCS 1319 Anscombe p. 328 Anscombe p. 328 Anscombe p. 328 .Anscombe p. 328 .Anscombe p. 328 Anscombe p. 328 Anscombe p. 328 2(J8 HREbEL «King of the Geats -father of Hygelac -grandfather of Beowulf Hrépei Géata Hrébel cyning Hréples (gen.) Hridles (gen.) Hradlan (gen.) Hrodelus Hrotlus Hroadilo Ruodiol, Rodilo, Rodil Rodol Ruodolo Ruadalo Radel, moneyer of Edward the confessor PLACE NAMES Hredles sted hrebeles heal Redles Sf. Redlesleie Derbys. Redelesuuorda Nf. Redlinstone yorks. Redlinctune Ridlinketuna Nf. Credelincote n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Pol. R. p. 61 Pol. R. p. 70 Mch. sec. 8 (n. 198) St. P. MG II. 571 Gld. II. a 107 Ng. 838 1088 x 1066 King Ebelstan King Eadgar DB 1088 DB 1088 DB 1088 DB 1088 DB 1088 DB 1088 DB 1088 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 939 n.d. B 2076 BCS 159 Fn. col. 788 Pn. II. col. 1230 En. II. col. 1230 En. II. col. 1230 2(19 HONDSCIOH -a Geat Warrior -companion of Beowulf Hondscio PLACE NAMES Andschohesham Hantschohasheim Handschuhheim Handschuhsheim Hantschuhesliebe King Eadberht of Kent 738 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ON Hroerekr, ?Hrokr B 1189, 1836 Gertz I. 88-9 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. I. 239 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 292 CPB I. 128 Njals Saga Pornaldar SBgur II. 11 chap. 26 CPB II. 522 Njals Saga chap. 25 CPB II. 522 Gertz I. 161.6 Gertz I. 175.16 Gertz I. 186.18 Langebek II. 300-301 CPB I. 231 CPB II. 522 DI I. 505 Or. Isl. I. 239 Langebek II. ad 266 DI I. 505 Gertz I. 97 2?[: HREORIC_ _ -son of Hrobgar Hrébric Raki, king of Dacie contemporary of Helgi Hroerekr, father of Prodi Hroerekr, father of Probe Hroerekr Hroerekr Hroerekr hnoggvanbaugi Hroerekr hndggvanbaugi, father of Halfdan, son of Ingjaldr Starkaoarfostri Hroerekr Hnaggvan-baugi Ingiallz son Hroerekr hnoggvanbaugi father of Haraldr Hilditonn Hroerekr Sloengvanbaugi, father of Haraldr Hilditann Roric Slaganbogi, successor to Hothar Réric slanggenboghi successor to Hdther Rdric, son of Bother Roricus, successor to Hotherus Hroerekr Sloengvan—bauga father of Haraldr Hilditann Hroerekr Slavngvan—baugi son of Halfdan hrareks hnoggvandbavga (gen.) son of half danr Hroerekr Sloengvan-baugi father of Haraldn Hilditfinn HRORECUS SIBngvanboge hr&reks slavngvanbavga (gen.) son of Jngialldr Rokil Slaghenback, father of Frothi hin rrékni n.d. Chronicon Lethrense chap. 5 Landnama-boc V. 31 Gene A. 1 Sogubrot af Pornkonungum chap. 3 The Plyting of Ivar and Woden 1.9 n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 5 Langfedga-tal n.d. n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Thoma Ghysmer Hyndlo—liod 1.112 Langfebga-tal 1.21 Gen. n.d. Gen. A. 1 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. n.d. Gen. n.d. Svenonis Agonis chap. 1 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 11 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 10 Saga of Hrolf Kraki chap. 11 Saga of Hrolf Kraki chap. 11 Saga of Hrolf Kraki chap. 11 Saxo II. 75 Pornaldar sogur I. 287 Or. Isl. DI. I. 505 Pornaldar Sbgur I. 295 Saxo III. 100-108 Saxo III. 106 Saxo IV. 128 Pn. col. 876 Langebek I. 27 Langebek I. 31 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 83 Langebek I. 152 Saxo VII. 288 Saxo VII. 297 Fms IV. 83ff: V. 267-8 Langebek I. 28 Langebek II. 326 Gertz I. 168. H Gertz I. 308 211. Hroerekr Slongvanbaugi, son of Halfdan Hroerekr Sldngvanbaugi, father of Haraldr hilditonn Hrokr, son of Savill & Signy grandson of Halfdane Hrokr Hroarr's bane Hrokr throws away the rich bracelet Rdricus, son of Bok, killed by Rolf Krake Hroerekr Hroerekr Sloengvan-baugi successor to Haraldr Hildetdnn hrareks (gen.) son of haralldr hilditann Hroerekr Slbngvandbaugi Roricus Slyngebond, King of Denmark Roricus, contemporary of Horwendil Roricus had died Hretrius RURIK hin Rask RODRIK Kunung, HOthers sun RORICUS, filius Hotheri RORICUS filius HBtteri RORIK Roricus becomes ruler of Jutland Roricus overthrown by Harald, son of Haldanus Hrarekr konungr ROREKH Kunung i Lalanth RORICUM, King of Jucia Rdrik, regulus Nordjutia, one of 5 kings Roricus, one of 5 kings, rules Jucia Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 5 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 3 n.d. n.d. n.d. Sbgubrot af Fornkonun chap. 1 Landnama-boc V. 3.1 Gen. n.d. SOgubrot af fornkonun chap. 6 n.d. n.d. n.d. P. VIII. 636 (Annal. Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brev n.d. Petri Olai Chron. Reg Chron. Erici Regis n.d. n.d. n.d. Series Runica Prima Thoma Gheysmeri Reges Danorum Comp. Saxonis VII. 10 gum gum Saxo.) n.d. n.d. ior . Dan. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Gertz I. En. Pn. Pn. Fn. col. col. col. col. Pn. col. Pn. col. Farstemann Ebrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann Ebrstemann Pdrstemann Ebrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann 312 1281 1281 1281 1281 1281 1281 col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 780 712 712 712 712 712 780 780 712 713 780 712 Liljegren no. 587 Liljegren no. 1096 Fbrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann Porstemann Fdrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Parstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann F6rstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 780 1060 1060 1060 1061 1061 1061 1061 1061 1061 1061 1061 1061 712 712 712 2117 Haraldus Hilditan slays Hundingus and Roricus near Lethra Roricus bp of Bourges Roricus bp of LePuy Roricius bp of Uzes Ruricius, Ruricus, bp of Limoges Ruricius, Ruricus, bp of Limoges Ruricius, Ruricus bp of Limoges Chrodericus ?Rocco ?Rocco ?Chrocchus ?Cruccus ?Chrocus, Chroccus Chrodericus Hroderich ?Hroggo ?Roho (Hraho in Schn.) Hrodric ?Rochus Hrfirikr (runic) HruRikr (runic) Ruodrich Rorico Rorico Rorico Roricus Roric Rorich Rorich Rorich Hrorich Rorih Rorigo Rorigus ?Crocus ?Crocus ?Chrocus Comp. Saxonis VII. 15 512-518 n.d. 537-538 507 535-553 n.d. Pd (n.375) 675 Pd. (n.338) 677 Mab. 678 Tr. W. (n.205) 699 Tr. W. (n.229) 707 Tr. W. 715 St. M. 721 Pd. (n.563) 781 Dr. 752 Dr. 796 Lc. (n.7) 796 H. (n.27) 808 n.d. n.d. MB VIII. 806 P. V. often n.d. P. X. 368 n.d. P. XI. 303 n.d. P. I. 859 n.d. P. I. 885, 889 n.d. P. I. 396 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.1985)n.d. G. sec. 11 (n.50) n.d. Laur. sec. 9 (n.28) n.d. P. I. 366, 370 n.d. P. I. 867 n.d. P. I. 870 n.d. P. VIII. 111 n.d. P. X. 157 n.d. Greg. Tur. I. 30 Farstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Rbrstemann Ebrstemann Farstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann FBrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Parstemann Fbrstemann F6rstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Ebrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. En. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 En. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Fn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 Pn. col. 913 En. col. 1281 En. col, 1281 712 712 712 712 713 713 713 713 713 713 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 ?Croscus ?Croscus ?Crescus ?Rocco ?Roho ?Roho ?R00 ?R00 ?Rooh ?Ruoho Hroderich Hroadrich Rodorich Roderich Rotrich Ruadarih, Ruadrih Ruotrig Rudorih Ruderich Ruderich Ruderich Rutherich Rudrich Rodericus Rodricus Ruaderich Ruaderihc Ruadrich Ruadrih Ruadrih Ruodrich Ruodrih Ruodrihc Rudarih Poudopixos, Poudepixos, Ruderic Roricus Rorgus P. VIII. 305 n.d. P. X. 305 n.d. P. V. 313 n.d. P. IX. 665 n.d. P. VI. 132 note n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 n.d. P. II. 252 n.d. P. VI. 132 note, 183, 186, 187 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.888, 707) n.d. Gld. a. 107 n.d. Pol. R. pp. 37, 76 etc.n.d. Mchb sec. 9 (n.881) n.d. Mur. 1932, 8 n.d. P. X. 576 n.d. P. IX. 878 n.d. Gld. II. a. 107 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.3223)n.d. Tr. W. sec. 8 (n.168)n.d. P. I. 290 n.d. Laur. sec. 9 (n.265) n.d. E. S. III. 823 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.888) n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.870) n.d. MG Chr M. often n.d. MG many n.d. MG II. 389 n.d. MG II. 389 n.d. MG II. 533 n.d. MG I. 210, 300 n.d. MG II. 317 n.d. MG I. 190, 238 n.d. MG II. 266 n.d. MG II. 263 n.d. MG I. 38 n.d. Procopius III. S, 19 n.d. MG Scr. R. Langob. 527 n.d. P XIII. 881 n.d. MG I. 89, II. 582 n.d. En. col. 1281 Langebek I. 225 Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sogur II. 325 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 7 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 32 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 7 Pornaldar SOgur II. 32 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 325 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 330 Ems I. 106 Ems XI. 805 Gertz I. 187 Langebek I. ad 896 Langebek I. 335-6 Langebek I. Langebek I. 335 335 Langebek I. 335 Langebek I. 335 Hallendorff p. 19 Langebek I. 336 Langebek I. 336 Langebek I. 336 Langebek I. 336 558 Fdrstemann col. Langebek I. 712 Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sbgur III. 253 21L+ Rorico ?Rake ?Hrokr ?Hrdkr enn Svarte hinn Svarti ?Hrékr hinn Svarti svarti hviti ?Hrékr hinn ?Hrokr hinn ?Hrokr hinn hviti ?Hrékr, son of Greipr ?Hrokr, a man Hrarekr Prisa hofOingi Hrarekr Frisahbfbingi Rbrik, filius Hemmingi Roric, nephew of Harald Klak RORIC Rex Normannorum Roruc occupies Dorestadum Roruc brother of Harald Moguntia Roric & Godefridus, rule Danie Dorestadum Rurik rules Novgorad Rorigus frater Gauzfridi Cafus Rorigus is expelled by Frisians, seeks Danie Rorigus cum Carolo foedus facit. Caroli colloqvium cum Rorico & Rudolfo Normannis Ruricus Dux Waregorum ?Hroo (n.513; Hraho in Schn) Hroerekr Hilderibarson Hrrrekr, son of K. Harekr P XVI. 508 Annal. Esrom. n.d. Mantissa 275 n.d. Hromundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 1 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 n.d. Halfs Saga chap. 10 Hversa Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Halfs Saga chap. 10 Hromundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 1 Hr6mundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 5 n.d. ca. 800 Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie fl. ca. Gen. Stirpis Reg. Dan. 826-873 Annales Bartholiniani f1. 885-872 Annales Barth. Barth. 815 850 Annales 850 Annales Barth. 855 Annales 857 Chron. 866 Barth. Nestor Barth. Russian 859 Annales Annales Barth. 867 Annales Barth. 870 Annales Barth. 872 Chron. Anschar. 861 838 Landnama-boc V. 8.2. fl. ca. 870 Bosa Saga 0k Herraubs chap. 7 Pornaldar SBgur II. 172 Ems I. 8, 6 Agrip af Noregs Konunga Sogum chap. 2 Fms X. 182, 196, 378 0r. Isl. Porstemann col. 1061 Heimskringla III. 21 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 7, 9, 16 Stefansson p. 295 Pornaldar Sbgur III. Egils Saga Einherda Ebrstemann Eérstemann col. col. En. col. 1281 Heimskringla VII. 38, 73-86 Pbrstemann Ebrstemann Rbrstemann Fbrstemann Fdrstemann Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Fdrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. 206 388 385 1060 1061 780 1061 780 713 1061 712 Liljegren no. 1183 Liljegren no. 1563 Farstemann Pbrstemann Ebrstemann Porstemann col. col. col. col. 713 713 713 713 21.3 Hroerekr, son of Hildirior Hrarekr Haraldsson Hroerekr Haraldsson (Hrarekr) Haraldsson harfagra Robrekr, a’thrall‘of Hrosskell l Suartardal Roricus Hroerekr Harallzson Hroerekr Bjorgélfsson ?Roc in hillum Hrrrekr, a berserker Hroerekr berserker Rorico Roricus Rorico Hroerekr, king of Heibmark Roderich Rurich Ruodrich ?Roh Rorich ?Roc Roricus Rotroc ?Ruccko PLACE NAMES ?Rackegatan ?Rackeby socken ?Hrocchesheim ?Rocconwilare ?Rochanburra ?Roggenberc Grims Saga Lobinkinna chap. 3 fl. ca. 900 fl. ca. 900 fl. ca. 930 Landnama-boc III. 7. 7-8 Gud. 909 Harallz Saga Harfagri chap. 21 fl. ca. 930 ca. 980 Oldest known list of Scand. names ca. 950 Egils Saga ok Asmundar chap. 7 n.d. Mab. 959 Gud. 975 Guer. Pol. Irm. p. 380 985 Olafs Saga ens Helga f1. 1010 x 1030 Guér 1038 H. (n.250) 1052 MB (VII) ca. 1050 R. (n.167) 1068 LC. ca. 1078 Suff. 396b. 1088 Suff. 362b. 1088 Oxf. 156b. twice 1088 Ms (n.86) 1097 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Fbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Ekwell p. 376 Rygh p. 209 Rygh p. 209 Rygh p. 210 Rygh p- 210 Rygh p. 210 713 713 713 713 713 780 ?Roggingun ?Roggunstat ?Ruhunbah ?Ruchengas ?Ruohheim Ruodrihhesdorf ?Roxby Li ?Roxby YN ?Roxeth Mx ?Roxham Li ?Roxton DB ?Roxton Li ?Roxwell Ess ?Rugby Wa ?Roxby YN in Hinderwett ?Hroces seabum i RdreksstoBum Rdrstad Holmedal Rdrstad Borgund Rdrset Rérstad S¢rfolden .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. n.d. (Roxebi, Roscebi DB) 1088 (Rokesby 1235, 1251 FE) (Roxhethe 1822 FE) (Rochesham DB) 1088 (Rochesdone DB) 1088 (Roxton 1212, 1282 fees) (Rokeswelle 1291 tax) (Rocheberie DB) 1088 (Roscebi, Rozeki DB) 1088 Raucebi 1185-8 Whitby (BCS 888) 885 n.d. 32133:! 335:! 0.0.0.0- HRDDGAR -King of the Danes ON Hrébgeirr MHG Rfledegér Anglo-Norman Roger B 61, 356, etc. Hrobgar n.d. B 235, 335, etc. Hrobgares (gen.) n.d. B 68, 1296 etc. Hrobgare (dat.) n.d. B 152, 277 etc. Hrobgar (acc.) n.d. ASPR Hrobgar Widsith 85 n.d. Saxo II. 62 Roe, King of Denmark, n.d. son of Halfdan, divides kingdom with his brother Helgo Hundingsbane Saxo II. 68 Roe slain by Athisl n.d. Langebek I. 27 ROE Kunung Series Runica Prima Langebek I. 31 R0 Frotha sun Series Runica Altera Langebek I. 65 ROE, son of Haldanus Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Langebek I. 79 R0 (ROE) filius Haldani Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Langebek I. 151 R0, son of Haldanus Chron. Erici Regis Gertz I. 86 Ro(e) filius Dani, Chronicon Lethrense ch. 3 rex Dacia Gertz I. 175.11 Roe Nomina Regum Danorum n.d. Gertz I. 186.18 Roé ducem, son of Incerti Auctoris Gen. Haldanus, brother to Regum Danie n.d. Helgi regem Gertz I. 233.25 Ro, son of Haldanus, Comp. Saxo II. 8 brother to Helgo Gertz I. 238.22 Ro killed by Swedish Comp. Saxo II. 5 King Hodbroddus Langebek I. 228 R0 Rex, son of Dan Annal. Esrom n.d. Langebek II. 295 R0, son of Haldan Thoma Ghysmeri Saga of Hrolf Kraki Hroar, a Skjolding, n.d. son of Halfdan Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 11 Hroar burns Prothi in n.d. his hall Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 11 Hroar and Helgi rule n.d. Denmark Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 19 Hroar killed by Hrok, n.d. Signy's son Saga of Hrolf Kraki p. 20 a son Agnarr born to n.d. Hroar 6 Ogn CPB II. 825 Hroarr, a giant Thulor 1.90 CPB II. CPB II. CPB II. Gertz I. Langebek II. 295 Wimmer IV. 361. 520 233 Langebek I. Saxo II. 61 522-3 79 7 10- 12 Liljegren no. 860 Liljegren no. 1829 CPB II. Pbrstemann Farstemann Edrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Ebrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann 520 col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. Pornaldar Sbgur Pornaldar Sbgur F5rstemann Fbrstemann Fdrstemann Fbrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Farstemann Fbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 728 729 727 727 729 728 727 727 727 727 II. II. 728 727 727 728 729 728 710 728 727 728 10 12 Hroarr, brother of Helgi, son of Halfdan Se-ek huar sitja synir Halfdanar, Hroarr ok Helgi, heilr babir peir muno Proba fiaorui rana. Hrobgeirr, son of Haki Ro, Roe, son of Frotho filius Prothonis Roe, son of Protho I, killed by his brother Haldanus Ro, son of Protho rui (runic) Rubkair (runic) Rui, son of Osburn (runic) Hroarr, father of Valdar hinn Mildi Roacar Raocare Grodegar Crodeger ?Crodegertus Chroacar Hroadgaer Hrodgaer Rhodegar Hrodgar Hroarr, father of Valdarr hinn Mildi Hroarr, son of Halfdan Ruadger Roadgaer Hroadgaer Ruadker Ruoccher Ruadger ?Hredgaer Ruadcher Rodger Ruadker Langfedga-tal n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay II. 8 Petri Olai Chron. n.d. Comp. Saxo. Thoma Gheysmeri n.d. n.d. n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay Pd. (n.889) H. (n.25) Pd. (after n. Pd. (n.890) H. (n.36) Tr. W. (n.281) Ng. 788 Pd. (n.577) Pd. (n.598) Mab. 788 Hversu Noregr bygo chap. 3 ca. 85) Hversu Noregr bygo chap. 6 ca. Ng. 773 Ng. 778 Ng. 783 Ng. 786 Ng. 790 Ng. 792 Lc. (n.2,8) 793, Ng. 797 Ng. 798 K. (n.51) 798 ist 770 ist 770 796 n.d. n.d. Reg. Dan. n.d. 698 698 710 718 718 737 788 788 ? ? Fdrsteman col. Ebrstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Pdrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Farstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Parstemann col. Ffirstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pn. col. 901 Pn. col. 901 En. col. 899 Pbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Pn. col. 898 Pn. col. 899 Saxo VIII. 309 Saxo VIII. 316 Pn. col. 898 Fn. col. 898 Fn. col. 898 Pn. col. 898 Fn. col. 898 Fn. col. 898 Pn. col. 899 Fn. col. 899 Fn. col. 899 Fn. col. 899 710 728 728 728 727 728 728 728 727 729 728 728 728 728 727 1029 727 728 729 728 728 ?Hredger Ruadger Ruadgar Ruadker Roadger Ruadger Roachar Ruadker Roadgar, Roadkar Ruochar Ruadger Ruadger Ruachar Ruadkar Ruadgar Ruaker Rochar Hrodger ?Hreitker Rodker Rutcher Reoger Rutker Ruotker Ruoadker (Ng. Ruadker) Ruoker Roe, Roa, a champion of Harald Roe wounded by Starkad in battle Hrodgaer Ruodoger Rudiger Ruadgaer Rothker Ruothker Rudker Ruogger Ruoker Ruoger Lc. (n.27) 805 Ng. 805 Ng. 812 Ng. 818 Ng. 816 Ng. 819 Ng. 820 Ng. 820, 821 Ng. 821, 822 Ng. 822 Dr. 822 Ng. 826 Ng. 826, 828 St. G. (n.321) 829 St. G. (n.333) 830 St. G. (n.350) 838 Ng. 835 Lc. (n.89) 836 Schn. 838 Ng. 882 Lp. (n.798) 860 Ng. 868 H. 880 Gud. 882 St. G. (n.688) 885 Ng. (n.589) 889 n.d. n.d. MG II. 107 MG I. 220 Laur. many MG II. 85 MG III. 59 MG I. 327 MG II. 352 P XXI. 388 P. XXIII. 26 MG I. 119 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Pn. col. 899 En. col. 899 Pn. col. 899 En. col. 901 Pn. col. 901 Fn. col. 901 Fn. col. 901 En. col. 901 Pn. col. 901 Pn. col. 901 Pn. col. 901 En. col. 901 Fbrstemann Farstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Ebrstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Parstemann Porstemann Fbrstemann Earstemann Ebrstemann Fdrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Porstemann Porstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann FOruLemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 728 728 728 728 728 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 727 22(J Rugger Ruger Ruotker gozzinsun Chrodgar Hrotgar Rotgar Rotcari Rotchar Rothkar Rotcar Rothgar Ruadgar Hrotgar Hruadgar Rotgar Rotcar Rodger Rohdker Rodaccar Rothger Rodker Ruadeger, Ruadachar Ruadger Ruadker Ruodiger Ruodeger Ruodeger Hrodgar Hrotgar Hrotgar Rodegar Rotgar Rotgar Rotgar Rothgar Rotger Rotger Rotger C 8. sec. 11 (n.8,9.15,)n. P XX. 681 Nt 1856 p. 65 MG II. 367 P01. R. pp. 89, 103 MG often MG often MG III. 59 MG III. 72, 78 MG often MG I. 262 MG II. 879 P01. R. pp. 70, 72 Gld. II. a. 102 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 12, 193n.d. Pol. Irm pp. 78, 88 etc. n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 801 n.d. St. P. n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.1238)n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 97 n.d. St. P. twice n.d. Gld. II. a. 107 n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. St. P. repeatedly n.d. St. P. n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. P. II. 608 n.d. P. I. 521 n.d. P. II. 200 n.d. P. IX. 595f n.d. P. II. 279 n.d. P. II. 800 n.d. P. V. often n.d. P. V. often n.d. P. II. 252 n.d. P. V, VI, VIII, IX often n.d. n.d. P. X. 680 Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Pbrstemann Pdrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Fbrstemann Pbrstemann Ebrstemann Pdrstemann EBrstemann Ebrstemann Pbrstemann Pbrstemann Ebrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Pdrstemann Edrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Fdrstemann Fdrstemann Fbrstemann Edrstemann Ebrstemann Fbrstemann Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 727 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 729 729 729 729 729 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 728 727 727 727 727 727 Rodger Ruodeger Ruodger Ruodger Ruotker Ruotger Rudacar Rudacker Rudeger Rudger Rutger Ruoger Rokier Rucker Rucger Rucher Ruotker Ruodker Ruotger Ruothger Ruodgar Roitcher, Roitger Rogger Roger Roger Roger Hrodger Hrodkaer Hrodker Hrotker Hrodgher Roarr, f. of Sletto- Biaorun ?Hreibarr, f. of Ulfr Kraka Hroarr Horn Brunason Hroarr Haofba-béréarson Hroarr (al. borberger), father of Aslékr i Langadale III. 568 . VII. 236 . I. 616 . II. 225 'U'O‘U'O St. P. repeatedly Gud. Laur. sec. 9 sec. Laur. sec. Laur. repeatedly Laur. sec. Laur. repeatedly Necr. Aug. Wg. Tr. C. 211 Laur. sec. Laur. sec. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 8 (n.3385)n.d. 9 (n.3592)n.d. n.d. 9 (n.218) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 8 (n.2100)n.d. 8 (n.918, 3162) n.d. Laur. repeatedly n.d. P. VIII often n.d. P. II. 80, 82, 96 n.d. P. VI. 258 n.d. P. V. 181 n.d. P. IV. B. 171 n.d. P. IX. 289 n.d. P. V, IX often n.d. P. V, VII-IX often n.d. P. X. 801 n.d. P. X. 579 etc. n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 328, 802, 823, 839 n.d. St. P. n.d. St. P. twice n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 288, 272 n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 865 n.d. Landnama-boc III. 9.2 Landnama-boc II. 6.5 Landnama-boc IV. 18.7 Landnama-boc III. 11.2 Landnama—boc II. 13.1 2227 Or. Isl. Hrobgeirr enn Spake Landnama-boc I. 7.12: V. 11. 5 Or. Isl. .?Hrei6arr, thrall of Landnama-boc II. 6.2 Laugarbrecko-Einarr Or. Isl. ?HreiOarr Ufeigsson Landnama-boc III. 8.2-3 Or. Isl. Hroarr Unason Tungo-Gobe Landnama-boc I. 2.2: IV. 7 2-3; 18. 1-2 Or. Isl. Hroe, son of Arnkatla Landnama-boc IV. 19.3 Or. Isl. Hroe enn Skarpe Landnama-boc III. 22.1 Or. Isl. Hrobgeirr enn Huite Landnama-boc IV. 1.3, 3.1 Hrappsson Or. Isl. Hrobgeirr porsteinsson Landnama-boc VII. 0r. Isl. Roarr, husband of Holla Landnama-boc III. 9.1 Parstemann col. 728 Rocger Mab. 910 Pbrstemann col. 727 Rotger Gud. 926 Fbrstemann col. 727 Ruodacrus H. (n.187) 926 Grueber p. 102ff. Hrodear or Hrobgar, 925 x 986 moneyer of Ethelstan Pérstemann col. 728 Ruitger Conc. Erphord 932 Grueber p. 123 Rodear or Rodgar, 980 x 986 moneyer of Eadmund Purstemann col. 728 Ruocger Lc. (n.102) 988 Njals Saga chap. 87 Hrédgeir the white fl. 955 Hrafnsson Vapnfirdinga Saga chap. ?Hreidar Thormodsson n.d. Njals Saga chap. 19 Hroar Tungugodi fl. 960 Heimskringla V. ii Hroe enn Hvite Harallz Saga Grafella ca. 965 Fbrstemann col. 727 Rotecher Lp. II. 383, 987 Pornaldar Sigur II. 7 Hrobgeir, son of Haki Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 6 Hrobgeir jarl Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 1 Pornaldar Ségur II. 167 ?HreiOarr hinn hvatvisi Grims Saga Locinkinna chap. 2 n.d. Pornaldar Sbgur II. 172 Hroarr Tungugodi Grims Saga Loéinkinna chap. 3 n.d. Pornaldar Sbgur II. 277 Hroarr Konung, brother Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 30 to Hjbrolfr 0r. Isl. Hroarr Harallzson iarls Holmverja Saga 15. 5—6 n.d. Pn. col. 898 Rotecher Lp. II. 383 987 Njals Saga chap. 128 Hroar Hémundarson fl. 1005 Njals Saga chap. 138 Hroi Arnsteinsson fl. 1006 Heimskringla VII. 59 Hroe Skjalge Olafs Saga ens Helga ca. 1016 Farstemann col. 728 Fbrstemann col. 728 Pbrstemann col. 728 Fbrstemann col. 728 Pn. col. 899 Fdrstemann col. 728 W. Malm. p. 313 Fbrstemann col. 728 Sim D II. 205 Sim D II. 206 P1. W. II. 10 Pl. W. II. 11 F1. H. II. 20 Fbrstemann col. 728 Fdrstemann col. 728 Pbrstemann col. 728 ASChr. Sim D. I. 179ff Sim D. I. 176 Sim D. I. 177 Sim D I. 192 Sim D II. 218 Inqu. Eliensis Inqu. Com. Cant. P1. W. II. 21 Pl. W. II. 28 F1. W. II. 31 Sim D II. 218 2223 Rutger Ruogger Ruocker Roger Ruger Ruoker Rogerius, Count of Hereford, revolts Ruogger Rogerus, earl of Hereford plots vs William I Rogerum, earl, imprisoned Rogerus, earl of Hereford gave sister to Radulf comitem Rogerum arrested Rogerum, earl of Hereford, released Ruodeger, Ruogger, Ruegger Rudeger Rogerio earl Rogcer (D) Roger (E) plots vs K. William I Rogerum Paganellum at council Rogerus Putavensis arranges truce Rogero Putavensi gives safe conduct Rogero deMolbraio earl Rogerum freed from prison R08erus de Cilderlaia R08erus Morini filus Rogerus, earl of Shrewsbury, conspircs vs K. William Rogeri of ShrewsburY attacks Worchester Rogerus, earl of Shrewsbury dies Roger, earl of Shrewsbury c“Spires vs. William II Schn. (n.780) Dr. 1025 MB. (XXXI) Guér. K. (n.225) Lc. (n.197) 1066 x 1087 G. (n.65) 1078 1078 1078 1078 1087 Gud. 1078 M. B. (IV) Lp. (II. 723) 1076D, 1075B 1087 1087 1037 ca. 1087 1087 1087 1087 1088 1088 1093 1087 1025 1027 1038 1083 1061 1072 1076 1081 Sim D II. 221 F1. W. II. 28 D. P. Dan. I. 5“ W. Malm p. 192 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB II. 383 Ellis DB II. 383 Roger, earl of Shrewsbury dies Rogerus, partisan of Robert at Arundel Roger Rogerus episcopus Letter of POpe John XV Rogerius (Rogerius quide Boscroad) Rogerius quidam Rogerius Comes Rogerius filius Corbet Rogerius filius Teodrici Rogerius fr. Willielmi comitis Rogerius Presbyter Rogerus 1093 1088 ca. 1090 n.d. Kent, 13 twice 1088 Sussex, 20b.22,28b. passim. Hants. 88b. 53 Wilts. 66 thrice 66b. 70b. 70b. 71b. passim 26 Dors. 77b Somers. 87, 88, 88b. 90 passim 90b passim 95b. 96 passim Dev. 102, 105b. 106 passim 106b. 118 passim 108 twice, 108b 118b. passim 115, 117 Cornw. 125 passim Hertf. 138, 138, 180 Buck. 188 passim. 188b. 187 189b. 150 twice 151b Oxf. 155, 155b. bis. 156ter 157b. 158, 158b thrice 159b. 161 thrice Glouc. 163, 168 passim. Cambr. 190b. 197 Bedf. 218, 218 Northampt. 221, 221b. twice Leic. 238b. 235, 237 twice Warw. 281b Staff. 288, 288b. 250 twice Shropsh. 253b. thrice Derb. 278 twice Shropsh. 255b Buck. 189 1088 ShrOpsh. 255b. 1088 Hants, 38b. 89 twice Shropsh. 255b. passim 1088 Bedf. 213b 1088 Glouc. 168b 1088 Bedf. 218 1088 Sussex. 20, 20b. 21 1088 Surr. 35 Hants. 88b. Berks. 60, 63 twice Wilts. 66b. Dors. 82, 83b. Somers. 88, 88b. 89, 89b, 96 passim. Ellis DB II. Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 2225 Rogerus (cont) Rogerus alter Rogerus clericus Rogerus Comes Rogerus filius Anschitil Rogerus filius Ernaldi Rogerus filius Ernolf Rogerus fili W. Comitis Rogerus filius Rainart Rogerus f. Seifridi Rogerus homo Normanni de Adreci Rogerus homo Drogonis de Bevrere Dev. 111, 118, 118b. passim 115, 117, 117D. Hertf. 137, 1800. twice 181 twice Buck. 188 passim. 188b. passim. 150, 152b. twice. Oxf. 156, 156b. twice 161. Glouc. 168b. 165, 169 twice Worc. 176D. 177. Heref. 185 Cambr. 197, 201 passim. 201b. 202b thrice Hunt. 206b. Bedf. 213b. Northampt. 2210. 222 twice 225. Leic. 231, 322b. 233 twice 233b. thrice 238 thrice 235b. 237 Warw. 28Gb. twice 281, 282 twice, 283 passim. 283D. Staff. 288, 289b. Shropsh. 255, 257 Chesh. 267b. 268b. Inter Ripam et Mersan, 269b. thrice 270 Derb. 278b. 275, 276 Yorksh. 317b. Essex, 9b, 10, 11b, 26b,38 twice 80b, 85b. twi:e 58, 70b, 78b, 80, 88 88b. twice 91 twice, 101b. Norf. 198, 209D. 223, 2303. 231b. 238b. thrice 238b. 256b. Suff. 282, 386, 398b. 396 twice 398 twice 808b. 827b. Berks. 63 1088 Sussex. 18, 20b, 22 twice 1088 Hants, 38b. 1088 Kent. 10b. 11. 1088 Suff. 386b. 1088 Suff. 386b. 1088 Glouc. 168 1088 Norf. 205b. 1088 Berks. 56b. 1088 Linc. 361b. 1088 Yorksh. 325 1088 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis “Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB Db DB II. 383 II. 383 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 II. 388 I. 879 I. 879 I. 879 I. 879 I. 879 II. 206 I. 880 I. 880 II. 277 II. 289 II. 290 I. 378 I. 380 I. 380 II. 298 Rogerus homo Raineri de Brimou Rogerus homo Abbatis s. Petri de Burg. Rogerus homo Rogerii Rogerus homo Colsuan Rogerus homo Eustachii Rogerus homo Gisleberti Rogerus homo Episcopi Lincoliensis Rogerus homo Episcopi Londoniensis Rogerus homo Rogeri Pictavensis Rogerus homo Ivonis Taillgebosc Rogerus homo Roberti de todeni Rogerus minister Petri Valoniensis Rogerus Presbyter Rogerius Rogerius Comes Rogerus Mareschalchus Rogerius filius Radulfi Rogerus homo episcopi Remigii Rogerus filius Rainardi Rogerus filius Renardi Rogerus filius Seifride Rogerius de Abernon Rogerus de Arbernum Rogerius Arundel Rogerius Arundel Rogerius de Belmont Rogerius de Berchelai Rogerus de Berchelai Linc. 368 Linc. 286 Nottingh. 288b. 285b. 286b. twice,287 Linc. 356b. Hunt. 206 Linc. 355, 355b Linc. 388 twice Essex. 6b Linc. 352 passim Linc. 350b. twice Linc. 353 Hertf. 138b Berks, 58 Oxf. 16Gb. Sussex 23 Surr. 38 Hants. 88b Essex. 98 Glouc. 170 Cambr. 189 Norf. 285 Norf. 266 Berks 62b Surr. 3S Suff. 395b Dors. 77b Dors. 82b Somers. 98b Dors. 80 Glouc. 168 Wilts. 68b, 72b Glouc. 162 twice 163 thrice 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 Ellis Ellis Ellis Sim D Sim D Sim D Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB I. 383 DB II. 295 DB II. 295 I. 181 II. 215 II. 239 DB II. 298 DB I. 386 DB II. 299 DB I. 389 DB II. 300 DB II. 301 DB II. 301 DB II. 305 DB II. 305 DB II. 305 DB I. 801 DB II. 306 DB II. 306 DB I. 808 D3 II. 309 DB II. 388 Rogerus Bigot Rogerus Bigot Rogerus Bigotus Rogerus Bygotus Rogerus Bigot conquers castle of Norwich Rogerus Bigot dies Rogerus Brito Rogerus de Boscnorman Rogerus Buissel Rogerus de Busli Rogerius de Busli Rogerus de Candorso Rogerus de Candos Rogerus Corbet Rogerius de Corcel Rogerus de Corcelle Rogerius de Corcelles or Curcelles Rogerius de Curcelle or Corcelle Rogerus Daniel Rogerus Deus Salvmt Dominas Rogerus de Ebrois Rogerus de Iurei Ess. 87b 1088 Norf. 173 Suff. 33Gb Norf. 109b, 110, 115, 117b, 118, 118b, 119, 137b, 183, 183b, twice 150b, 152b, 153 210, 218, 215b, 236, 277, 277b, Suff. 298b, 299, 302, 31Gb 373 twice, 373b. 378b 375 375D. 376, 377, 377b, 378D thrice. 385, 385b, thrice. 899 1088 Suff. 378, 378b. 383 1088 1087 1088 1107 Somers. 91 1088 Northampt. 219 1088 Som. 98b. 1088 Dev. 113 1088 Leic. 238b. Derb. 278 Nottingh 280, 288b. Yorksh 319 Linc. 336, 337, 352b. Clam. Ebor. 373b. Yorksh. 379, 379b. Glouc. 163b. ' 1088 Leic. 237 Inter Rip. et Mersam 270 Suff. 806b 1088 Suff. 809b. 810, 810b 1088 Shropsh. 253b. 258 1088 Som. 91 twice' 1088 Somers. 91, 96b 1088 Wilts. 72b. 1088 Dors. 80 Somers 93 Som. 86 1088 Shropsh. 256 passim Sussex 18b. 1088 E55. 96b. 1088 Norf. 222b. 225b. 1088 Berks. 58 1088 Glouc. 162b. twice 168 Ellis DB I. 881 Ellis DB II. 385 Ellis DB II. 385 II. 28 F1. W. Ellis DB I. 882 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis ASChr ASChr Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB II. 385 II. 350 II. 355 I. 856 II. 356 I. 857 II. 359 II. 368 II. 368 II. 361 II. 361 II. 366 II. 367 II. 367 II. 388 I. 867 2283 Rogerus de Iveri Rogerus de Ivri Rogerus de Juri Rogerius de Laceio, conspirator vs. K. William Rogerus de Laci Rogerus de Laci Rogerus Lungus ensis Rogerius de Moles Rogerius de Mucelgros Rogerus de Mucelgros Rogerus de Oburvilla Rogerus de Oburuilla Rogerus Otburvilla Rogerus de Otburuilla Rogerius de Olnei Rogerus de Orbec Rogere eorl conspires vs William II Rogger Peiteuin seized Rogerus Peteuinus Rogerus Picot Rogerus Pictavensis Rogerus Pictaviensis Rogerus Pictaviensis Berks. 62b 1088 Buck. 183, 151b. Oxf. 158, 158b Glouc. 162b. 168 Hunt. 205b. Warw. 238, 282 Oxf. 155b. 156b, 161 1088 Glouc. 168b. Buck. 188b. 1088 1088 Berks, 56b, 62b. 1088 Glouc. 167b. Worc. 17Gb. Heref. 180, 180b. 181, 188 162, 187b. col. 1 ShrOpsh. 260b. Wilts. 72b Oxf. 161 thrice Glouc. 162 twice, 166, 166b Worc. 172b. 173 twice, 173b 178, 178b. Heref. 179b. twice 180 ter. 181b, 182b, 186b, 187b Northampt. 228b. twice Shropsh. 252, 256 twice 256b. passim Norf. 198 thrice 1088 1088 Dev. 106 1088 Heref. 185 1088 Hertf. 137 1088 Suff. 803b. 1088 Suff. 382b. 1088 Suff. 181b 1088 Suff. 383b. Buck. 152b. 1088 Suff. 887b. 1088 1088 1098 Norf. 117 1088 Chesh. 268b. 1088 Suff. 181b 1088 Essex 5 Norf. 18Gb Inter Ripam et Mersam, 269b Derb. 273b Nottingh. 290 Ellis DB I. 867 Ellis DB I. 873 Ellis DB I. 873 Ellis DB II. 306 Ellis DB II. 386 Ellis DB II. 392 Ellis DB II. 370 Ellis DB II. 383 Ellis DB II. 383 Ellis DB II. 808 Ebrstemann col. 728 En. col. 899 Pbrstemann col. 728 Pn. col. 899 En. col. 899 F1. W. II. 83 Sim D II. 229 Ebrstemann col. 728 Heimskringla XII. 8 CPB II. 885 FBrstemann col. 1029 Fbrstemann col. 1029 Orkneyinga Saga p. 236 LVD p. 5 LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. \IQCDQQ Rogerus Pictaviensis (cont.) Yorksh. 332 Rogerius de Rames Rogerus de Ramis Rogerus Deramis Rogerus de Sancto Germano Rogerus de Sumeri R. (Rogerus) Rogerius Venator Rogerius Vicecomes Rogerus Wareng Roger Ruogger Rutger Ruogger Ruogger Rogerus dux Apuliae beseiges Capua Rogerus dux Apulia Roger Robgeirr Robgeirr ?Hreidker ?Reidker Roi Roeger Rogerus Rogerius Rogerus Rogerus de Mulbr' Rogerus filius Gauf' de Ware Linc. 352 Essex. 89, 106b Norf. 283 Suff. 386 Midd. 130b. Essex. 82b. Norf. 263 Suff. 821b. Suff. 889b. Suff. 392b. Essex. 33b. Essex. 80b Shropsh. 253, 258b. passim Wore. 176 Midd. 127 Glouc. 169 Suff. 293 Suff. 378 Gfier. K. (n.239) Gud. K. (n.289) CS sec. 9 1098 1098 St. H. 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 259 1088 1088 1088 1089 1090 1090 1096 1096 1098 Sigurds Saga Iors. ca.1100 Skaldatal Mchb. sec. 9 (n.515) Mchb. sec. 9 (n.801) ca. 1160 12th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th 0. hand n.d. Rygh p. 206 Fbrstemann col. Liljegren no. 138, 223 Flo' En. Fn. En. Pn. En. Pn. amanna Saga col. col. col. col. col. col. 899 899 899 899 899 899 23() PLACE NAMES ?Rostad (from Rodigstadom) Rouckerastorf ?Rostad ?Hréarsloekr I Ringérbingi Ruotgeresberg Rokershusen Rodigeresrod Ruotkerisdorf Ruotgereswilre Hrohtgeringtiochi n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ON Hromundr B 1189 Sweet, Gen. p. 171 OSwed Nennius, para. 59 El. W. p. 289 Saga of Hrolf Kraki Farstemann col. 738 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 231. HR06MUND -son of Hrobgar Romunder Pornaldar Sdgur II. 7 CPB II. 520 Porstemann col. 739 Pbrstemann col. 738 Pn. col. 912 En. col. 912 Pbrstemann col. 738 Liljegren no. 710 En. Pn. 912 911 911 col. col. col. col. 911 Pn. col. 912 En. col. 912 Pbrstemann En. En. 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 738 col. Fdrstemann col. Pdrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Pérstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Parstemann col. 81 Hrabmund hrobmund trygling Rodmunt, son of Trigil Hrothmund, 8th from Woden Hromund the fierce Chrodmund Hromundr berserkr Hromundr berserkr, son of Hrolfr Hrdmundr berserk, son of Hralfr Chrodoadmund Rotmund Hruadmunt Hruadmunt Ruadmund Hrumuntr, son of Sluru (runic) Hruadmunt Hrodmund, Hrodmund Hrotmund Chrotmunt Hruadmunt Hrothmund Hrodmunt Hruodmund Rodemund Rodmunt Rotmund Rotmund Rotmund Rothmund Rothmund Ruotmunt, Roadmunt Ruadmunt Ruodmund Ruotmund n.d. Eostengla gen. East Anglian gen. n.d. East Angle gen. n.d. n.d. Mab. 693 Halfs Saga chap. 10 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Pd. (n.59) 737 Ng. 752 Dr. (n.60) 777 Dr. (n.98) 791 Tr. W. (n.21) 798 n.d. Dr. (n.163) 800 P. XXI. 363 n.d. MG II. 125 n.d. sz. n.d. MG II. 177 n.d. MG II. 139 n.d. St. P. repeatedly n.d. P. I. 211 n.d. Gld. II. a. 118 n.d. St. P. twice n.d. P. IX. 839 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.1383)n.d. Pol. Irm. pp. 111, 135 n.d. P. II. 277 n.d. P. III. 256 n.d. Gld. II. a. 107 n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. St. P. twice n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.207) n.d. Fdrstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Parstemann col. Pdrstemann col. Pdrstemann col. EBrstemann col. FBrstemann col. Or. Isl. 739 739 739 739 739 739 738 738 Ploimanna Saga chap. 2 CPB II. Ems 368 I. 237 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 325 CPB II. 520 Pornaldar Sdgur II. 333 Pornaldar SBgur II. 85 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 7 Langebek I. 510 Farstemann col. Pbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Fms Or. Or. Ems Or. Or. III. 78 Isl. Isl. III. Isl. Isl. 182-51 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 56 Or. Isl. 738 738 738 Pornaldar Ségur II. 71 Fdrstemann col. 739 Ellis DB I. 879 Rutmund Rutmunt Romund Romund Romund Hruadmunt, Ruadmot Hruodmunt Ruadmund Hromundr Gripsson Hromundr Greipsson Hr6mundr Gripsson Hr6mundr Greipsson Hromundr Greipsson Hromundar Grips Sunar, son of Gunnlbb Hromundr kills Helgi hinn froekni Hrémundr gripsson Hromundr Gripsson Ruotmundus comes Hrodmund Hrothmund, Rotmund Ruadmunt Hr6mundr gulltanni Hromundr enn Halte Eyuindarson Soerkves Hromundr enn Halte Eyvindarson Hromundr halti Hromundr Ingiallzson Hromundr boresson, of ' pverardal Hromundr porisson Hromundr poresson Hrémundr, son of Vikingr Ryomunt (?) Rodmund Laur. sec. 9 (n.272, 809) n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2988)n.d. P. V. 383 n.d. P. X. 359 n.d. P. X. 503 n.d. Dr. (n.385) n.d. Schn. 803 Ng. 809 Landnama-boc 1.3.1. ca.810? The Proverb Poem 1.26 n.d. Hromundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 1 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Hromundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 7 Halfs Saga chap. 16 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Chron. Anschariana 823 Lc (n.59) 888 H. (n.86, 88) 853 Ng. 855 ca. 870 x 930 Landnama-boc II. 30. 3—8. III. 5.8: 5.16. Vatzdoela Saga 23 n.d. Vatzdoela Saga 7; 10-11 Landnama-boc II. 3. 1-2; 3.8: III. 5.1 Hoensa-pores Saga 1.3 porsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 9 Necr. Fuld. Yorksh 331 987 1088 BCS 705 Fdrstemann col. 739 Fn. col. 912 Fbrstemann col. 739 Fn. col. 912 Lindkvist p. 18 Ekwall p. 373 Ekwall p. 373 Rygh p. 208 Rygh p. 208 Rygh p. 209 Rygh p. 209 Rygh p. 109 Rygh p. 209 Rygh p. 209 233 PLACE NAMES Rodmundes den Routmundeshoven Ruadmundesheim Ruommunteshusun Hrodmundingtharpa Romundebi Yo Romanby YN ?Romansleigh D Rommenstad Romundgaard Romundgaard Oier Romundstad Vegaarsheien Romundstad Holt Romundstad Rindalen Romundset Aure King fibelstan Dec. 16, 938 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Romundrebi DB) 1088 (Romundebei, Romundrebi DB) 1088 (Reymundesle 1228FF) (Romundeslegh 1282 Fees) n.d. n.d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. 5:323:35 ON Hrolfr B 1017 B 1181 ASPR Starcke Starcke Saxo II. Saxo II. II. II. Saxo Saxo Saxo II. Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Fms V. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. Gertz I. III. ME Rolf ODan 150-1 p. 68 p. 69 63-70 69 75 77 I 27 I. 31 I. 65 I. 81 I. 151 300-3 88. 8ff 51 52 97ff 161.8 167.7 175.13 186.15ff 235.10 Radulf 231+ HRObULF -son of Halga OSwed. Hrobulf Hrapulf (acc.) Hropwulf King Hrodulf of the Eruli King Hrodulf from Norway visits Theodoric Rolpho, Roluo Krake, King of Denmark accedes to throne Rolf Krake overthrows Athisl in war Rolf Krake battles Hiartuar Hiartuar is Rolf Krake's son-in-law Rolf Krake fell to the Goths led by Hiartuar ROLF KRAKA Helga sun Kunnung ROLF Kunung Krake, Helhe sun ROLUO, son of Helgo ROLVO KRAKI, Helgonis ROLF KRAKI filius Helgi Hrolfr Kraka Rolf, son of Helgi sea king Rolf Kraki takes throne after Snyo and Rachi Rolf killed by Hiarwart, has posthumous son Frothi filius Rolf Kraki succeeds his father Helghi, killed in Lethra; his son Rokil Slaghenback succeeds him Rolf son of Helgi, succ. by Hiarward Rolff Crake, son of Helligi, followed by Jaruarder, gener suis Rolf Kraki follows Roe, Helghi; followed by Iiarward Rolf Kraki, son of Helghi rexzsister was Vrsa Roluo succeeds his father Helgi Rabulver, Raul' n.d. n.d. Widsith 11. 500 500 85-9 ca. ca. n.d. Series Runica Altera n.d. Series Runica Prima Cat. Regum Danie Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis n.d. Chron. Lethrense chap. 8 Chron. Lethrense chap. 7 Chron. Lethrense chap. 8 Svenonis Aggonis chap. 1 Series ac Brevior Hist. Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie II. 6 Comp. Saxo. Gertz 235.2 237-8 238 Gertz Gertz Gertz I. Gertz I. I. 239 239 Gertz 281 Saga of Hrolf Saga of Hrolf of Hrolf of Hrolf Saga Saga Saga of Hrolf pp. 78-5 Saga of Hrolf Saga of Hrolf CPB I. 189 CPB I. 189 CPB II. 522 Langebek II. 2 Langebek I. 22 CPB II. 805 CPB II. 802 CPB II. 520 Off Kraki Kraki p.36 Kraki p.68 Kraki p.66 Kraki Kraki Kraki p. 95-7 5-6 Heimskringla I. 33 Or. Isl. Pornaldar Sdgur III.338 CPB I. 189 Ems V. 60 CPB I. 230 Pornaldar Sdgur II. 8 Orkneyinga Saga p. 3 [\3 (.1 ) (I1 Roluo visits Atislus at his hall Roluo gets his name Kraki Roluo and all his men slain by Hiarwarus Roluo avenged by Viggo Hotherus succeeds Roluoni mention of Roluo's death by Hiarwarus Hrolf, son of King Helgi of Denmark and Yrsa Hrolf's capital was Hleithargarth in Denmark Hrolf visits Athils' hall Athils' warriors attack Hrolfs band Hrolf scatters gold on road to slow up pursuit Hrolf and his champions fight the forces of Hiorvarth and Skuld King Hrolf slain with all his champions Hrolf Kraka Hrolfr inn Storlati slain Rolfr Kraki Helga son follows Helgi and Hroarr Rolvo, son of Helgo Rolf Krake, son of Helghi Gaongu—Hrolfi Hrolfur Kraki and his hirb mentioned Hrdlfr, son of Hodbroddr Hrolfr Krake Helgason Hrolfr Krake, king of Denmark Hrolfr Konungr Kraki Hrolfr skidtandi Hr61fr skjotandi Hrolfs ens gamla (gen.) Hrélf i Bergi Hrolfr 6r Bergi Saxo. II. 6 II. 7 II. 8 Saxo. Saxo. II. 8 III. 1 III. Saxo. Saxo. Saxo. Biarka-mal Biarka-mal 23 Langfedgatal n.d. Thoma Ghysmer Annal. Esrom. n.d. Skida-rima n.d. Skida-rima n.d. Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 33 Landnama-boc III. 2.2 SBrla Saga Sterka chap. 18 Biarkamal 5 Gen. n.d. Hyndlo-liod 98 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 1 n.d. Or. Isl. Pornaldar Farstemann Farstemann .FOrstemann Fbrstemann FBrstemann III III Wimmer I. III Nielsen p. Nielsen p. Wimmer Wimmer Wimmer Nielsen p. Nielsen p. Nielsen p. Jacobsen a Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Pornaldar Pornaldar II. 19 785 785 788 788 788 Sbgur col. col. col. col. col. . 8 . 6 18 . 5 nd Moltke no. 33 no. 183 165 178 no. no. 567 666 730 799 835 1062 1150 1165 1215 no. 110. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. 1550 1592 1817 no. no. no. ssgur III. 800 Sdgur II. 7 N.) kt.) C) Hrélfr Konungr Suasason, i Berge Hrélfr, son of Svaoi jbtun Ruodolf Ruadolf Hruadulp (Hradulph, Schn) Hruodulf Hrotulf rhuulfR ruulfR rulfR ruulf Hruulfr Ruulfr Ruulfr Ruulfr Rulfr»Store rolfr (axe inscription) ?Rolufr (runic) ?Rulifr, son of Kustin (runic) ?Rulif (runic) ?Rulefr, son of Nefked (runic) ?Rulufa (runic) Rolfr, son of Rok (runic) Hrulf (runic) Ropilfr (runic) Rolfr (runic) ?Hripulfsun (runic) ?RulufR (runic) ?Ripulf (runic) Raulf, son of Lifstin (runic) ?RulaifR (runic) Ropalf (runic) Ropalfr, brother of Rofin (runic) Hr61fr Konungr a Hundingjalandi Hrdlf, son of Hdddbrodd Landnama-boc IV. 12. 1 Genealogies B. 16 Fundinn Noregr Ng. 735 Ng. 773, 797 Dr. ca. 788 Lc. (n.5) Lc. (n.20) n.d. n.d. chap. 2 796 801 n.d. n.d. Helnes Rune n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Flemldse Rune Voldtofte Rune Ormsleve Rune Arhus Rune n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n. n.d n.d Sturlaugs Saga Starfsama chap. 15 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Pornaldar SBgur II. 325 Langebek I. 225 LVD p. 38 LVD p. 82 LVD p. 82 Pbrstemann col. 788 Fdrstemann col. 788 Fbrstemann col. 785 FBrstemann col. 78$ FBrstemann col. 78S Saxo VIII. 312 CPB I. 353 Pornaldar Sdgur I. 299 Fms I. 250 Or. Isl. Grettis Saga ch. 3 Or. Isl. Fms I. 250 Grettis Saga ch. 3 Pornaldar SBgur III. 108 En. col. 918 Fn. col. 918 Fn. col. 919 Fn. col. 919 Fn. col. 919 Fn. col. 919 Fn. col. 919 Pn. col. 919 Fbrstemann col. 788 Fbrstemann col. 788 Fbrstemann col. 788 FBrstemann col. 788 Fbrstemann col. 788 Farstemann col. 788 Farstemann col. 788 237 Hrolfr, son of Greipr Rolf Karl, father of pore Hrobuulf Hrobuulf Hrobuulf Hruodalf Hruodolf (Ruadolf, Dr.) Ruadolf (Hruodolf, Schn) Rutolf (Ratolf, Dr. n. 378) Roadolf Rolf the Uxorious, follower of K. Ring Hrolf Kvensami Hrélfr Kvensami Hrolfr Ingjaldsson Hr61fr Ingiallzson Hrolfr Ingjaldsson Hrélfr Ingiallzson Hrolfr fra Am Hrolfr of Ar Hrolfr, King of Ireland Hrodulf Hrodolf Podouhdos Hruotholf Hrudulf Rodvulf Rothulf Roudolf Hrodulf Hrodulf Hrodolf Chrodulf Hroadolf Hruodulf Hruodulp, Hruddulf Hromundr Saga Greipssonar chap. 1 Annal. Esrom. n.d. Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) Nomina Monachorum (gold) Nomina Monachorum (silver) Schn. 807 Schn. 815 Dr (n.311) Schn. 818 Ng. 822 n.d. n.d. n.d. 815 Heroic Muster Rolls SBgubrot af Fornkonungum chap. 8 n.d. Landnama-boc III. 13.1 Gen. n.d. Liosvetninga Saga 6.6 n.d. Hrolfs Saga Gautrekssonar chap. 21 MG II. 298 n.d. MG II. 83, 107 n.d. Procop. II. 18 n.d. P XVI. 839 n.d. MG II. 592 n.d. Jord. 3 n.d. Frek. n.d. MG many n.d. Wg. tr. C 288, 258 n.d. Pol. R. p. 53 n.d. Wg. tr. C. 267 n.d. 8 (n.1382)n.d. II. a. 102, 116 n.d. 9 (Hruodolt Schn) n.d. n.d. Laur. sec. Gld. Dr. sec. Dr. sec. 9 (n.137) Farstemann Farstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Farstemann Farstemann Farstemann Fdrstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Porstemann Farstemann Fbrstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Farstemann FBrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Parstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann FBrstemann Fbrstemann FBrstemann Fbrstemann Fbrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 788 788 788 788 788 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 785 Rodulf Rodulf Rodulf Rodulf Rotholf Ruadolf Ruadolf Ruodolf Hrodulf Hrodulf Hrodulf Hruodulf Hruodolf Rodulf Rodulf Rodulf Rodulf Rodulf Rodulph Rodulph Rodulph Rodulph Rodolf Rothulf Rhodulf Rhodulf Rotdulf Ruodulf Ruodulf Ruodolf Ruodolf Rhuodulf Roudolf Roudolf Roudolf Rudolf Rudolph Ruodolf Rudulf 238 Paul Diac. I. 20 Wg. 398 tr. c. 308,320, Pol. Fossat. Jorn. Frek. Laur. Nec Nec P. P. P. P. P. P. P. 86 P. P. P. P. P. r. Aug. r. Aug. I. 525 II. 208 III. 826 III. 869 I. 386 I. often III. 888, 888f, IV-XI often X. 30 X. 271, 286, 355 I. often II. 328 III. 862 IX. often . IX. often V. often II. 258 . III. 858 VI. 508 III. 561 VI. often I. 598 etc. II, V, VII, VII, often P. P. P. P. P. P. St. C. III. 888 VI. 837 VII. 106f XII. 71 everywhere often V. often P. often M. Oct. sec. 8 (n.716) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Farstemann col. 785 Fdrstemann col. 785 Gertz I. 169.10 Langebek I. 153 Langebek I. 229 Gertz I. 163 Langebek I. 335-6 KCD 310 Langebek I. 336 Langebek I. 336 Langebek I. 336 Langebek I. ad 896 Orkneyinga Saga p.8 Heimskringla III. 28 Fms IV. 60 Pornaldar Sbgur III. 163 Ems I. 193: III. 70-81 Or. Isl. Pornaldar SBgur III. 26 BCS 532 Langebek I. 336 Sim D- II. 111 Sim D II. 120 Sim D II. 121 Langebek I. 173 Ethelweard p. 87 F1. W. I. 102 SIm D II. 119 Aiser p. 72 235) Hriodolf Rudolf Rothulp, son of Regner lotbroki Rolf, son of Regnerus Rothwlf, son of Lothbroch Rodulf, dux Normannorum piratarum Rodulfus, brother to Roric ?Raduulfus “\3 Caroli colloqvium cum Roric and Rudolfo Normannis Rudolfus Normannus Regii generis occisus Rodulfus Herioldi filius Rodulfus, son of Harald Klak Hrélfr nefja Hrélfr Nefja Rolfr nefja Hrélfr nefja Rélfr nefja Hrolfr Nefja Hrélfr Konungr, Gautreks son Raduulfus...Ealdreman Rollo, filius Ducis Dania Rollo, chief leader of the Normans, invades Norway Rollo repulsed from Chartres Duke Rollo dies Rollo Hrodulf, Rudolf, count of Upper Burgundy Hrothulf accedes to central part of Frankish empire Hrodulfus accedes to central region of France Hrothuulf accedes to middle kingdom in France Gr. I. 850 n.d. Laur. often n.d. Reges Danorum ca. 850 Chron. Erici Regis Annal. Esrom. 856 Series ac Brevior Hist. Regum Danie n.d. Annales Bartholiniani 850 Aelfred 871 x 878 872 873 Annales Barth. 868 Gen. Stirpis Reg. Dan. fl. 868-873 ca. 860 Harallz Saga Harfagra chap. 28 Gen. n.d. Gbngu-Hrélfs Saga chap. 8 ca. 860 fl. ca. 870 x 930 Landnama-boc IV. 18.1 Gautreks Saga chap. 7 ca. 867 King Alfred of Wessex 871 Annales Bartholiniani 875 876 n.d. n.d. Petri Olai Annales Dan. 876 888 887 887 887 ASChr . ABCDE Pornaldar Sdgur III. 153 Ems I. 193, 253 II. 21, 190 0r. Isl. Ems IV. 60 Ems XI. 189 Heimskringla III. 28 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 8, 6 Langebek II. 19 Or. Isl. Valle-Ljots Saga chap. 3 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Valla-Ljots Saga passim Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Ems I. 250 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Ems I. 253 Barber Saga Snafellsass chap. 2 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 2L40 Ropulf (A) Hrodulf (BCDE) takes central kingdom Hrolfr Sturlaugsson Gaungu-Hrélfr Gongo-Hrdlfr Gaungu-Hrélfr Gbnguhrolfr Hr61fr Gaongr Rognuvaldzson GOngu-Hrolfr Rollo dux Hrélfr fré £6. Hrélfr, bondi i Svarfabardal Hrélfr Ceallacsson Hrolfr enn Digre Eyiundarson Hrélfr, freed man of Hrutr Hrélfr enn Geitlenzke Hrélfr gipr Sigmundarson Hr61fr Helgason, of Hofagarbar Hrélfr Helgason ens Magra Hrélfr Helgason magra Hrolfr Helgason ens Magra, of Gnfipafell. Hrdlfr herser Hr61fr herser af Ogoom Hrélfr aubgi Ulfsson Hrélfr hersir hinn Augoi Hrélfr Hoeggvande Hrolfr Hréallzson enn yngre al. Ceallacsson of Ballard Hrolfr Hréaldsson yngri Hrélfr Ketilsson Kidlfara 887, 888C Gbngu-Hrélfs Saga chap. 8ff ca. 900 n.d. Landnama-boc IV. 18. ca. 900 Gen. n.d. Gen. n.d. Harallz Saga Harfagra chap. 28 ca. 910 ca. 910 Orig. gentis et Princ. Norman. 912 Landnama-boc III. 13.1 Landnama-boc II. 17.6 Landnama-boc II. 5. 11 Laxdoela Saga 9.1 Holmverja Saga 6.1n Landnama—boc II. 5.11 Liosvetninga Saga 3.2; 5.1 n.d. Landnama-boc II. 18. 7: 286: III. 18.8; 15.10; 16.1 18.29 21.1 Landnama-boc I. 7.7 Landnama-boc II. 9.8; 17.38 18. 1.1 Genealogies B. 9 Thorsness Settlement 7.3 n.d. Landnama-boc IV. 17.1 Landnama-boc I. 11.2: 11, 8 II. 1.1: 17, 6: 20.6 n.d. Landnama-boc I. 8.1 I. 253 IX. 826 Isl. Isl. Ems Ems Or. Or. Or. Isl. Barbar Saga Snafellséss chap. 3 Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. BCS 738 BCS 739 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Grueber p. 20 BCS 785 W. Malm. p. 517 W. Malm. p. 888 BCS 1130 Montagu I. 788 Edrstemann col. 785 W. Malm. p. 192 Eloamanna Saga Earstemann col. 718 Nielsen p. 77 Nielsen p. 77 W. Malm. p. 212 Gertz I. 128 Gertz I. 128. 1ff Langebek I. 337 281. Hr6lfr Ketilsson Rélfr Kettlingr Hrélfr Mébolfsson Hrélfr enn Raub-senzke porbiarnarson Hr6lfr Rauoskeggr Hrolfr raubskeggr Hrélfr Vlfsson enn Aubge Geitland ?Radulfr (al. Randulfr) Yxna-béresson ?Radulphus episcopus ?Radulphus episcopus Hrobolfr, a bishop Rodolfr, a foreign bishop ?RADVLF, moneyer of Anlaf 7Radulfus archiepiscopus ?Radulfus, later Archb. of Canterbury ?Radulfus, one of three Archb. of Canterbury Rolfes sune Hrodwulf, Hrodulf moneyer of Edgar Rudolf Rodulfus, Hugonis filius Hrdlfr, sekr mabri' Groenland Roolf Ruodolf Rolf ?ministro Radulfo, cognomento Mowino Rodulphus, episc. Sleswic Rodulfus took the rule over Slesvicensam ecclesiam Rodulf sent to preach in Norvegia n.d. n.d. Landnama-boc IV. 7.3: 15.6 Landnama-boc II. 21.3:26.8 Landnama-boc III. 17.2 V. 7.9 Landnama-boc I. 8.2 11.1 II. 1.2 Hungrvaca 1.1 Landnama-boc III. 18.20 King Ebelstan Apr. Apr. 7.6 15, 939 King Ebelstan 15, 939 Landnama-boc I. Libellus 8.1 Mantissa 6.1-2 Hungrvaca 1.11 980 x 952? King Ebelstan Oct. 6, 983? n.d. n.d. Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 973 x 975 Gud. ca. 990 Letter of Pope John XV ca. 990 ca. 1000 Laur. sec. 8 (n.382) Reich. 11th C. Briv. 11th C. ca. 1018 Svenonis Aggonis chap. 9 n.d. Ann. Barth. 1022 Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek Langebek F1. “0 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. KCD 916 KCD 785 KCD 785 KCD 918 ASChr. CE ASChr. F Ebrstemann col. 785 KCD 791 KCD 791 KCD 792 KCD 793 I. I. I. 337 337 337 338 338 270 I. 187 Ebrstemann col. 785 W. Malm p. 283 Sim D II. 167 Sim D II. 171 KCD 956 KCD 955 ASChr. D KCD 796 BCS 929 2¥t2 Rodulf succeds Ekkihard at Slesvicensi Rodulf attends Concilio Erancofurtensi Rodulfus sent back to Norvegia Rodulfus made Bishop of Sleswig Siwardus succeeds Rudolfo Slesvicensi Rudolpho, Slesuicensi Episcopo Rodulphus rex Rodulf Rodulf ?Radulphus More Rodulphus dux Rodulfi stalre ?Radulphi Robulfe bishop appointed abbot of Abbingdon Rodulfe bishop appt. abbot of Abbingdon Ruodolf ?Radulfus dux ?Radulphus minister ?Raulf dux ?Raulf dux ?Radulfum, Count of Hereford's son ?Radulfus, Count and acquaintance of king Rodulphus, comes, gathers army timidus dux Rodulphus defeated ?Raulfes eorles ?Raulfes steallres ?earl Raulf aids King Eadward ?Raulf dux Roulf steallere Ann. Barth. 1026 Ann. Barth. 1027 Ann. Barth. 1029 Ann. Barth. 1038 Ann. Barth. 1062 Hamsfortii Chron. Seconda 1061 1031 Guér 1038 Nomina Fratrum Laicorum post 1082 Eadweard 1083 Eadweard 1088 x 1087 Eadweard 1088 x 1087 Eadweard n.d. 1088B, 1050C 1050 M. B. (VII) ca. 1050 Eadweard 1050 Eadweard 1050 Eadweard 1050 Eadweard 1050 ca. 1051 ca. 1052 1051 1055 Bp. Wulfwig 1052 Bp. Wulfwig 1052 1052 Eadweard 1052 Archbishop Stigand 1052 x 1070 BCS 980 Harmer Writs no. 55 ASChr. CD ASChr. D Harmer Writs Appendix II Dugdale, Mon. Angl. VI. 1078 KCD 822 KCD 808 KCD 810 KCD 811 KCD 813 Langebek I. 338 KCD 828 KCD 825 Thorpe DA p. 633 LVD p. 18 LVD p. 15 LVD p. 15 LVD p. 15 LVD p. 12 Thorpe DA p. 889 W. Malm. p. 286 W. Malm. p. 287 Thorpe DA p. 855 Sim D I. 256-9 Thorpe DA p. 615 W. Malm. p. 313 Thorpe DA p. 688 Thorpe DA p. 688 Ebrstemann col. 785 Langebek I. 338 Ebrstemann col. 785 Ebrstemann col. 785 Sim D II. 206 283 ?Raulf stallere ?Raulf eorl ?earl Raulf (D) Rawulf (C) gathers an army ?earl Raulf dies ?Raulf M' ?Raulf miles Rouf steallere ?Raulfi regis dapiferi ?Raulf minister ?Rauf minister ?Radulphus regis Aulicus Rodulfus ?Raulfus minister ?Radulphus minister ?Rau Folcard ?Radulfus ?Raulf ?Raulf ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Rawulfus de Beornegia ?Gisleberto killed by Radulfo ?Radulfus receives Guy of Burgundy ?Radulfus de Contivilla ?Radulfus, abbot ?Rawulf abb of Wincelcumbe ?Radulfus ...Count of Norfolk and Suffolk Hrobolf Alcas S' ?Rau Teodb Sune Rudolf Rudolfus Episcopus adhuc fuit Slesvicensis Rudolf Ruodolf Rodolfo comiti flees England Lady Elfgifu n.d. King Eadward 1053 x 1057 1055 1057 King Eadward 1059 King Eadward 1059 Aelfwig 1060 x 1066 Eadweard 1060 Eadweard 1061 Eadweard 1061 Eadweard 1062 Annales Barth.1062 Eadweard 1066 Eadweard 1066 Manumission n.d. Nomina Prabyterorum n.d. Nomina Prasbyterorum 1066+ Nomina Prasbyterorum 1366+ Nomina Prasbyterorum 1066+ 1066+ De Witlage post 1066 1066+ post 1066 Memoriale etc. 1066+ n.d. n.d. 1067 x 1087 Acquittance n.d. Acquittance n.d. Gud. ca. 1069 Annales Barth. 1071 M. B. (VII) ca. 1070 Gud. 1078 1078 Sim D II. 205 Sim D II. 206 Sim D II. 208 Sim D II. 205 Sim D II. 208 ASChr.ADE ASChr. DE ASChr. DE Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 37 En. col. 919 EBrstemann col. 785 Langebek I. 270 Ebrstemann col. 785 Sim D II. 187 E1. W. II. 28 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 38 Ellis DB I. 881 Ellis DB II. 207 Ellis DB II. 207 Ellis DB II. 207 Ellis DB II. 388 Ellis DB II. 205 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB I. 376 Ellis DB I. 376 Ellis DB I. 378 Ellis DB I. 378 Ellis DB II. 291 214’. earl Rodulfo marries sister of Roger, earl of Hereford earl Rodulfe flees England ?earl Radulfi beseiged in Brittany Rodulfo comiti Eastanglorum joins conspiracy ?Radulfi comitis flees to France ?Raulf, son of Rawulf, Raulf (E) ?earl Raufe of Norfolk marries ?earl Raulf begins plot vs K. William I ?Ra(d)ulfus Puer Rudolph Routholf Rudolphus, Eques Hrothuelf ?Radulphus Piperellus ?Rawlfus de Mcrtuo Mari, conspirator vs. K. William ?Radulfus Puer Rolf Rolf Rolf f. Sceldeware Roulf Rolf ?Raulfus Rodulfus Alter ?Radulphus de Babpalmas ?Radulfus Baignard ?Radulfus Bangiard ?Radulfus Baniardus ?Rad. Baignar 1078 1078 1075 1078 1075 1075B, 1076D 10760, 1075B 1076D, 1075B Nomina Fratrum Novi ca. 1078 K. (n.828) 1083 Le. (n.235) 1085 Hamsfortii Chron. 1086 Ms. (n.38) 1086 1087 1088 Nomina Fratrum Novi. ca. 1088 Norf. 272b Notting. 291b. Secunda 1088 1088 Linc. 382b. thrice 383b. 388 twice, 387, 357b. 358 twice, 360 twice, 360b. 365 passim Suff. 886 Linc. 337 Leic. 233b. 236 Dev. 105b.111b- Suff. 823b. Sussex 29 Linc. 336 E55. 68b. Suff. 813b. Hertf. 138 Hertf. 132 Norf. Essex 8b. 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis _ Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB D8 D8 DB DB DB DB II. II. II. I. II. II. II. II. II. I. II. I. II. II. I. II. I. II. II. II. II. 291 291 291 318 293 293 293 379 380 298 296 388 300 398 301 308 802 305 803 306 203 203 203 871 871 2Ll5 ?Radulfus Baignard ?Radulfus Baignardus ?Rad. Baignart ?Radulfus de Bans ?Radulfus Basset ?Radulfus de Belfago ?Rad. de Bellafago ?Rad. de Bellafago ?Radulfus de Berchelai ?Radulfus de Bernai ?Radulfus Bloiet ?Radulfus de Burun ?Radulfus de Caisned ?Radulfus Carnot ?Radulfus Carnot' ?Radulfus de Columbers ?Radulfus de Creneburne ?Radulfus de Creneburne ?Radulfus de Curbespine ?Radulfus de Curbespine ?Radolf ?Radulfus ?Radulfus Comes ?Radulfus ?Radulfus arbalistarius Norf. 109b. 1088 Essex 2, 13b, 18b, 31 1088 Essex 6b 1088 Cambr. 189 1088 Hertf. 137b. 1088 Buck. 189b. Norf. 138, 229b 1088 Norf. 110b. 118, 1088 137b, 218, 265, 265b 279 Norf. 278b 1088 Suff. 358 Somers. 99 1088 Glouc. 162, 168 Worc. 173 1088 Heref. 179b. Hants. 87 1088 Derb. 277b. 1088 Nottingh. 280 twice, 290 Sussex 17 1088 Leic. 231b. 1088 Leic. 232 thrice 1088 Kent. 11b. 12b. - 1088 Dors. 83 1088 Dors. 83 1088 Kent. 1, 2 twice 1088 Kent. 7b twice 1088 8 twice, 9b. twice, 10b thrice, 11 thrice, 11b. passim. 12b. Suff. 378 Linc. 387 1088 Wilts. 73 1088 Essex. 87 Norf. 262 Suff. 808 Buck. 61 1088 Northampt. 226b. Leic. 231, 232 twice, 238 236 Warw. 283, 288 Linc. 337 Norf. 115, 119b. 126b, 127, 187, 189, 150b, 166, 198 Dors. 83 1088 Leic. 231b. Norf. 269 1033 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB I. I. I. I. I. II. II. I. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. 871 871 871 871 871 315 316 818 316 316 . 871 . 872 872 872 872 821 . 832 335 386 386 389 389 352 855 2L¥6 ?Radulfus balistarius ?Radulfus Comes ?Radulfus filius Comitis ?Radulfus dapifer et Osbernus presbyter ?Radulfus Hagonis filius ?Radulfus Faeto ?Radulfus Fatatus ?Radulfus de Felgeres ?Rad. de Felgeres ?Rad. de Felgeris ?Radulfus filius Huberti ?Radulfus nepos Goisfridi Alselin ?Radulfus filius Osmundi ?Radulfus filius Huberti ?Radulfus filius Seifride ?Radulfus Framen ?Radulfus de Haluile ?Rad. de Hastings ?Radulfus de Langetot ?Radulfus de Langhetot ?Radulfus de Limeseio ?Radulfus de Limesi ?Radulfus de Marci ?Radulfus de Mortemer Suff. 885 1088 Suff. 288b. 1088 Berks. 62b. 1088 Linc. 366b. 1088 Norf. 270 1088 Norf. 257 1088 Essex. 79. 79b 1088 Surr. 36b 1088 Dev. 113b Bucks. 151b. Norf. 263 Suff. 832 Berks. 63b 1088 Norf. 278 1088 Leic. 235 1088 Staff. 250b. Derb. 277 Nottingh. 289b. Linc. 369 Linc. 336 1088 Hunt. 207 1088 Nott. 280 1088 Berks.,56, 62b 1088 Leic. 236b 1088 Wilts. 78b 1088 Essex. 83b 1088 Bedf. 211b. passim 1088 Suff. 830 twice 1088 Essex. 90b. 1088 Hants 39 1088 Dors. 80b. Somers. 91 Hertf. 180 Glouc. 162ter. 168, 166b twice, 167 Essex. 90b Essex. 28, 32b 1089 Suff. 303b Hants, 86b. 51, 1088 52 twice Berks. 62b Wilts. 68b. 72 Somers. 96b Oxf. 159 Worc. 176b Heref. 180, 180b. 183b Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Sim D Sim D Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB II. DB II. DB II. DB I. DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB I. II. 172 173 II. I. I. II. II. II. I. II. I. II. II. II. II. 855 356 359 361 361 868 366 868 868 367 367 367 868 368 882 386 387 387 387 2877 ?Radulfus de Mortemer (cont) Leic. 235 ?Radulfus de Mortemer ?Rad. de Norun ?R. de Oilgi ?Radulfus de Oilgi ?Radulfus Pagenel ?Radulphus Paganellus, vice comes Warw. 283 Shropsh. 252, 260 Yorksh. 325 Linc. 363 clam. Ebor. 373, 380b. 381b, 382 Hants. 81, 81b. 85b. 52 Heref. 179b. 180ter. 187b Shropsh. 256b. passim. 257 passim 1088 Norf. 278 1088 Oxf. 156 twice, 160b 1088 Oxf. 158b Somers. 96b Dev. 113 Glouc. 168 Northampt. 225b. Yorksh. 298, 325b. Linc. 336, 362b. clam. N. Linc. 376 clam. W. R. Linc. 376b. 377, 377b Yorksh. 379. 380b, 381, 381b, 382 1088 ?Radulpho oppresses Durham ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus Paganello the bishop of Passaq' Percehaie Pinel Pinel Pinellus Pipen de Pomerei de Pomerei ?Radulphus de Salceit ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus de 8. Sansone de Sauenie de Sau'gno ?Rad de Savigneio n.d. n.d. Bedf. 218b. 1088 Berks. 56b 1088 Essex. 97 1088 Suff. 837 1088 Suff. 828 1088 Suff. 828 1088 Leic. 238b. 1088 Somers. 96b 1088 Dev. 113b Dev. 105b 1088 Heref. 181 1088 Kent. 1b 1088 Suff. 373b 1088 Suff. 373 twice 1088 Suff. 817 1088 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB DB DB D8 D8 DB DB DB DB DB DB D8 D8 DB DB DB D8 D8 DB DB DB DB DB DB DB DB II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. I. II. II. II. II. II. I. II. 387 387 203 203 203 391 890 392 392 392 393 393 393 393 393 393 893 898 395 395 397 397 397 502 502 800 ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus de Sauigni de Sauigniaco stalra stalre stalrel. Sturm ?Radulfi Tailgebosch, filia ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus Tailgebosc Tailgebosch Taillebosc Talgebosc Tallb' Tallebosc Tallgeb' Tallgebosc Talliebosc de Todeni ?Rad. de Toenio ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus de Todeni de Toenio de Turlauill' Turmit de Turnauilla ?uxor Radulfi Campellani ?uxor Radulfi Tailgebosc ?Radulfus Viso Lupi Suff. 375b. 376b. 1088 377, 378, 378b. 388. 817 Suff. 378 1088 Norf. 122b, 158, 1088 158b, 217b, 218b, 229b, 265. Suff. 293, 297, 809b, 831 Cornw. 121 1088 Line. 337b, 387, 387b. twice 388 thrice, 388b clan in Chetst. 377 Line. 337 1088 Norf. 253 1088 Hertf. 182b. 1088 Hertf. 138b 1088 Buck 151b. Hertf. 132b. 1088 Bedf. 209b twice 1088 210 Hertf. 133 1088 Bedf. 213b. 1088 Bedf. 211 1088 211 twice, 213 Bedf. 218 1088 Bedf. 212b. twice 1088 213b, 218, 218b thrice Bedf. 209 1088 Hants. S2 1088 Berks. 62 Hertf. 138 Glouc. 168 Worc. 176 Heref. 180, 180b, 181, 183 Essex 91 Norf. 235 1088 Hants 52 1088 Norf. 285 1088 Suff. 339 1088 Norf. 252b. twice 1088 Norf. 173b. 1088 Heref. 187b 1088 Buck. 153 1088 Cambr. 202b. Bedf. 218 Norf. 118 1088 Ellis DB I. 897 Dip. Dan. I O 5“ Orkneyinga Saga p. 88 W. Malm. p. 872 Orkneyinga Saga p. 137 LVD p. 8 LVD p. 8 LVD p. 55 LVD p. 55 LVD p. 8 LVD p. 7 LVD p. 7 LVD p. 7 LVD p. 7 Gertz II. 70.8 LVD p. 65 LVD p. 109 Or. Isl. BCS 771 KCD 1298 KCD 1367 Ekwall p. 372 Ekwall p. 373 Ekwall p. 373 Ekwall p. 373 Ekwall p. 373 Ekwall p. 376 Ekwall p. 376 Ekwall p. 376 2851 Turstinus filius Rolf Rodulfi abbatis Hrolfr ?Radulfum, then abbot of Sagius Hrolfr ?Radulfus ?Raulf Rodulfus Rodulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus ?Radulfus canonicus ?Radulfus Haghet ?Radulfus de Flauill' Rodulphus, imperator ?Ridulfus Rol' cocus PLACE NAMES Hrolfs—staber Rooulfeston Rolfestun Rahulfes furlung Roddlesworth La Rollesby NE Rolleston Le Rollestone W Rolvenden K Rousham O Rowlston YE Rowlstone He Hants. 87b 1088 Berks. 63 Dors. 80b Somers 97b Dev. 115b Buck. 151 Glouc. 162, 169b. Heref. 18Sb ca. 1090 f1. ca. 1100 ca. 1102 fl. 1139 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand early 13th c. hand early 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand Vetus Chron. 1273 Sialandie late 13th c. hand 13th or 18th c. hand Hrafnkels Saga 6.2 King Eadmund 981 Will of Wulfric 1002 Boundaries at Tatlestreow n.d. (Rodtholfeswrtha ca. 1160 LaCh.) (Rotholfuesbei, Roluesbi DB) (Rolueston 1170 P) (Rolveston 1282 Fees) (Ruluindanne 11 DM) (Rodulveshama Hy2 (1267)) (Roolfestone, Rolyestun DB) (Rolveston 1276 C1) Ekwall p. 376 Ekwall p. 376 Ekwall p. 376 Ekwall p. FOrstemann Ebrstemann Edrstemann Ebrstemann Rygh p. Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. Nielsen Nielsen En. En. Fn. col. En. col. En. col. En. '0 'O'U'U'O'U'U'U'U’U'O '6 col. col. col. 379 207 207 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 p. 77 p. 77 919 919 919 919 919 919 col. col. col. col. 785 785 785 785 Rowsham BK Rowsley Db Rowston Li Rusland La Hrodolvinga Hruodolfesheim Hrodolfeshusun Rodulfowilare Rolfseide Rolfsey Roksrud (from Rolfsrud) Rolfsoen Rolsrud Rostad (from Rolfstaudum) Rolshus Rolfsrud Rofshus Rosland (from Rofsland) Rolsnes Rolsvaag Rolsjord Rofstad Rolstorp Rolsd Rodolvesborch Rudolfeslebo Rudolfesmulin Ruodolfesteina Hrotholfstedi Rudolfesdorf (Roduluesham ca. 1130 Oxf) (Rolvesle 1208 Cur) (Rouestune DB, Rolveston 1209 EP) (Rolesland 1336 EC) n.d. n 335333333535333553333333 CL 0 CL 8 CL c.2i 0.2; b.ci a CL a CL Q.Cl a EL a d. .d. .d. .d. O. B 1183 BCS 197 Skjoldungasaga chap. BCS 379 Keary I. 188ff BCS 869 En. col. 933 Ebrstemann col. 760 Porstemann col. 760 EBrstemann col. 760 FBrstemann col. 760 En. col. 933 Grueber p. 26 Grueber p. 83ff BCS 665 BCS 689 BCS 909 Des Gautries p. 313 Ellis DB II. 261 BCS 1077 Ekwall p. 507 Lindkvist p. 216 251 HUNLAFING -a warrior in Hengest's band Hfinlafing Hunlabe comes Hunleifus, son of Leifus Hunlaf presbiter Hunlaf moneyer of Eanred et al. Hunlaf abbas Hunlaif Hunleib Hunlaif Hunlef Hunleip Hunleib HVNLAF, moneyer of Eadward the Elder Hunlaf, moneyer of Eadward the Elder, et al. Hunlafo Hunlaf minister HUNLAFING Hunlof anof PLACE NAMES hun lafing hammum Woolavington So Hunlouetoft Li n.d. King Aldulf of Sussex n.d. n.d. Council of Clofesho Oct. 30, 828 fl. 880 King Ebelwulf of Wessex Apr. 22, 858 MG I. 261 n.d. Necr. Fuld. 856 Gld. II. a. 116 n.d. P. II. 218 n.d. St. P. n.d. MG many n.d. 901 x 925 901 x 955 King Abelstan 929 King Edelstan Aug. 30, 932 King Eadred 955 ca. 1080 Hants. 53 1088 Nottingh. 287b. Linc. 350b. King Eadgar 961 (Hunlauintone DB) 1088 1316 Ch. R B 1926, 2369 B 2172 BCS 183 Ekwall p. 220 Ekwall p. 227 Ekwall p. 228 M (H (\J HYGD -Wife of Hygelac Hygd Hygde (dat) PLACE NAMES ?Hugabeorgum ?Hedgerley BK ?Higford Sa ?Highley Sa n.d. n.d. King Ini of Wessex 725 (Huggeleg 1195 P) (Huchefor DB, Hugeford 1206) (Hugelei DB) 1088 ON Hugleikr B 835, 1202 etc. B 261, 382 etc. 3 852, 1883 etc. 8 1820, 1923 etc. B 2000, 2151 Langebek II. 306 Gertz I. 161.7 Gertz I. 168.2 Gertz I. 175.21 Gertz I. 187.3 Greg. Tur. (MGH I. 110) Liber Historia Francorum (MGH II. 278) 'Langebek I. 27 Langebek I. 32 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 88 Liber Monstrorum Langebek I. 153 Saxo IV. 188 Saxo VI. 229 Saxo VI. 229 Langebek II. 318 Heimskringla I. 25 Ebrstemann col. 758 LVD p. 11 LVD p. 20 HYGELAC, HIGELAC -King of the Geats -father of_Heardred -son of Hrebel Hygelac, Higelac Higelaces, Hygelaces (gen.) Higelace, Hygelace (dat.) Higelac, Hygelac (acc) Higelac, Hygelac (voc.) Hucletus, successor to Dan Huglekar, successor to Dan Huglekier, successor to Olluff Dan Hughleker, successor to Dan Hughlek, son of Dan ?Chlochilaico, Chrochilaicho Chlodilaichum, Hrodilaicum ?Chochilaico, Chrochilaico, Chohilaico, Chochilago HUTHLEF Kunung, ok Uffa sun HUHLEK Kunung Uffa Sun HUGLETUS HUGLETUS Huiglaucus of the Getis buried an island in Rhine HUGHFLET Hugletus, King of Denmark, defeats Swedes Hugletus, King of Ireland, defeated by Hakon Hugletus, King of Ireland, slain by Starkad Hucletus, King of Hybernia Hugleikr Alfsson Hugileih Huglac Hyglac n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Ghysmeri Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctories Gen. Regum Danie ca. 516 n.d. Series Runica Prima Series'Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. n.d. Chron. Erici Regis n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Ynglinga Saga chap. 25 Dr. 779 Nomina Prasbyterorum (gold) Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) n.d. LVD p. 25 LVD p. 27 Ebrstemann col. 758 Naumann p. 180 Necrology Fuldensis Ebrstemann col. 758 Sim D I. 288 Sim D I. 291 Levison p. 297 Nielsen p. 87 Nielsen p. 87 Nielsen p. 87 KCD iii 866 Rygh p. 135 En. col. 925 DN I. 13 258 Hyglac Hyglac Hugilaih Hugleikr (runic) Hugileih Hugileih Hugelacus, a lector Higlac Higlacum Lectorem et Presbiterum Hugolatus Huglecus Huglech, Huclek PLACE NAMES Hygelaces git Holingstad Hugilagishus Hugleikstad gaard Nomina Clericorum (silver) Nomina Clericorum St. P. n.d. 810 R. (n.21) n.d. n.d. ca. 1000 Thork. I. 293 ca. Lund. 1136 Lund. 12th c. Eadgar 970 (from Huglegestad) n.d. n.d. 1107 n.d. ON INGJALLDR B 2068 Saxo II. 68 ASPR III. 150-1 Saxo VI. 232 Saxo VI. 232 Saxo VI. 250 Saxo VI. 253 Saxo VI. 257 Saxo VI. 258 Saxo VII. 260 DI I. 505 CPB II. 521-3 Pornaldar Sbgur II. 11 CPB II. 523 Langebek I. 28 Langebek I. 32 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 85 Ems I. 250 Langebek I. 153 Gertz I. 53.1 Gertz I. 106.8 Gertz I. 161.9 ODan Ingeld 255) INGELD _ -son of Froda -Prince of the Heabobards Ingelde (dat) Ingellus, father of Agner Ingeld (the Heabo-beard) Ingellus, King of Denmark, son of Frotho Ingellus given to gluttony and sloth Ingellus favors his father's slayers wife of Ingellus corrupts by luxury Ingellus kills sons of Swerting; avenges his father Starkad praises Ingellus for his renewed virtue Ingellus the father of Olaf, grandfather of Frothe Jngiallz starkaparfostra (gen.) son of Probi inn frekni Ingialldr, Starkabar fostri son of Erode Froekni Ingjaldr Starkadarfdstri Ingiald Starkaoar-fostri, King of Dublin INGELD Kunung, Frotha sun INGGIELD Kunung, Frotha sun INGELLUS, son of Frotho INGELLUS filius Frothonis Ingjaldr Frooason Konungr INGELLUS (son of Frothi) Ingyald, son of Frothi, succedded by Olauus his son Ingild son of Frothi hin Frithgotha succeeded by Olaus Ingeld, follows Frothi hin Femilde,succeeded by Olaf n.d. n.d. Widsith 11. 85-9 n.d. Langfedga-tal n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 5 Laxdola n.d. Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Cat. Reg. Dan. Gen. n.d. Chron. Erici Regis Chron. Lethrense chap. 9 Sven Aggonis chap. 8 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Gertz I. 168.8 Gertz I. 175.29 Gertz I. 187.9 Langebek I. 227 Langebek II. 319-322 Saxo VI. 233 Saxo VII. 298-301 Saxo VII. 301 DCB III. 281 Ebrstemann col. 788 Fn. col. 962 ASChr. W. Malm. p. 105 El. W. I. 89 Sim D II. 371 (F1. w. p. 255 El. w. p. 272 scs 167 Fant I. 2 CPB II. 522 Or. Isl. CPB II. 521 CPB I. 2“”-51 Ems VIII. 2 Heimskringla I. 38 Heimskringla I. 80 Heimskringla I. 82 Heimskringla I. 83 2563 Ingila succeeds Frothi hin gothe followed by Olaff Inggiald successor to Frothi hin familda Ingeld succeeds Frothe Largus succeeded by Olauus INGYALD, son of Frothe Largus Ingellus, son of Frotho hin Thagen Ingellus, son of Ingellus born Ingellus, King of Sweden, son of Aluerus Ingellus, King of Sweden, dies Ingildus, bishop of Valence Ingild Ingild, bishop of Valence Ingild dies Inegildo, brother to Ine Ingils frater Ina Ingildi, the brother of Ine Ingels Ingels, brother of Ine INGELDO Ingialldur Illrade Ingialdr Illrééi Ingialldr enn Illrébe Ingialldz ens Illraba (gen.) Ingialldr illrafii Goo- Konung Ingialdr illrébi Ingjalldr IllrraOe Onundarson Ingballdr, King at Upsala, burns 6 kings in his hall and seizes their kingdoms Ingjalldr fought long with King Granmarr Ingjalldr burns King Granmarr and Hiorvarbr in their hall Reges Danorum Nomina Regvm Danorum Incerti Auctoris Genealogia Regum Danie Annal. Esrom. Thoma Ghysmer n.d. n.d. n.d. ca. 650 Conc. Cabilon 650 650 717, 718A n.d. 718 n.d. West Saxon gen. n.d. West Saxon gen. 728 Letter of Abbot Aldhun et al. 729 x 788 Langfedga-tal n.d. Langfedga-tal n.d. Libellus, p. 306.10 ca. 730? Plateybook I. 26 Ynglinga-tel 129 Gen. n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 38 Ynglinga Saga chap. 80 Ynglinga Saga chap. 82 Ynglinga Saga chap. 83 Heimskringla I. 83 Heimskringla I. 88 Eornaldar SBgur II. 89 Eornaldar Sdgur I. 356 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 10 Langebek II, 266 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 70 Langebek II. ad 266 Langebek II. 266 BCS 202 BCS 203 Heimskringla I. 86 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 89 Langebek II. ad. 266 Ebrstemann col. 788 Or. Isl. Grettis Saga chap. 3 Wimmer II. 82 Liljegren no. 136 Liljegren no. 158 Liljegren no. 202 Liljegren no. 232 Liljegren no. 808 Liljegren no. 820 Liljegren no. 878 Liljegren no. 518 Liljegren no. 600 Liljegren no. 707, 708 Ingialldr has daughter Asa and son Olaf Tretelgja Ingjalldr burns himself and all his troop in his hall Ingjaldr konung illraoi af Sviarik Ingjaldr konungr enn illraéi Ingjaldr enn illraoi INGIALLZ konungs Illrada Ingialdr illrébi Ingialdus Illrada INGIALLZ konungs Illrada Ingeldi (gen.) Ingeldus dux Ingjalldr Olafsson In jaldr, son of Olafr Tr tenga INGIALDUS Olafsson, Rex Wermelandia Ingelt Ingialldr Frobason Ingjaldr Frodason, father of Hrolfr Ikalt (runic) Inkialt, father of Vihi (runic) Inkialti, son of Abiarn (runic) Inkialt, brother of Inkulfr (runic) Ikalt (runic) Inkialtr, son of Ulf (runic) Inkialt (runic) Inkialtr (runic) Inkialti, father of Kitilfastr (runic) Ikialtr, son of Tuli (runic) Ikialt, Inialt (runic) Ynglinga Saga chap. 83 Ynglinga Saga chap. 88 af Upplendinga Konungum Hervarer Saga ok Heibreks chap. 16 Hversa Noregr bygbist chap. 8 Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. ca. 730? porsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 9 Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan Uhtred of Hwicce 767 Uhtred of Hwicce 770 Ynglinga Saga ca. 770 chap. 86 af Upplendinga konungum Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. ca. 770? Necr. Euld 788 Landnama-boc III. 13.1 ca. 790? genealogy n.d. n.d. n.d. 2133235 0.00.0.9. n.d. n.d. Liljegren no. 888 Liljegren no. 908 Liljegren no. 1311 Liljegren no. 1312 Liljegren no. 1898 En. col. 995 Nielsen p. 50 LVD p. 10 LVD p. 13 LVD p. 13 LVD p. 21 LVD p. 21 LVD p. 22 LVD p. 23 LVD p. 28 LVD p. 27 LVD p. 29 LVD p. 38 LVD p. 38 LVD p. 35 LVD p. 36 LVD p. 39 LVD p. 82 En. col. 962 Fn. col. 962 En. col. 962 Igialtr, son of Svain (runic) Inkialr (runic) Inkialtr, son of Rubmar (runic) Inkialt (runic) Ingal, father of baraltin (runic) Ingildo Ingeld Ingild Ingeld Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingild Ingilt Ingeld Ingeld, Hinield (f‘ h) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Inscription near Weisbaden n.d. Alum Rune Nomina Prasbyteroum (gold) Nomina Prasbyterorum (silver) Nomina Prasbyterorum (silver) Nomina Clericorum (gold) Nomina Clericorum (silver) Nomina Clericorum (silver) Nomina Clericorum (gold) Nomina Clericorum (silver) Nomina Clericorum (silver) Nomina Clericorum (gold) Nomina Monachorum (silver) Nomina Monachorum (silver) Nomina Monachorum (gold) Nomina Monachorum (gold) Nomina Monachorum (silver) Nomina Monachorum (silver) MG I. 178, II. 820 MG I. 309, 388 MG II. 183 3 Ebrstemann col. 788 788 Ebrstemann col. 90 Edrstemann col. Edrstemann col. 90 Esrstemann col. 89 Eornaldar Sdgur I. 281 Langebek II. ad 266 Eant I. 18 Langebek II. 329 Fant I. 5 Eornaldar SBgur I. 293 Eant I. 3 Ebrstemann col. 788 En. 962 Or. col. Isl. Postbroebra Saga, chap. Or. Isl. .Ems I. 286 Or. Isl. Eornaldar Sdgur II. 51 Langebek II. ad 266 Langebek II. 268 Njals Saga chap. 1 CPB II. 523 Or. Isl. Sim D II. 99 Sim D II. 69 Asser p. 2 2 Ingildus Ingeld Eingil Engilo Ingilo Ingjaldr Yngvasonar INGIALDUS, son of Ingo Ingelder, son of Ingemar INGELLUS Rex ingialdr, son of Ingemar Ingjaldi konungi ingialdir, son of Alrik Ingelt Ingelt Ingialldr Frobason, father of Olafr enn Hvite Ingjaldr Probason Ingialdr Frodason Ingjaldr Helgason Kondngr Ingialldr Helgason, Ingjaldr, son of Helgi INGIALDUS, son of HELGO Ingialld, son of Helge Ingjald, son of Helgi father of Oleif the White Ingiald, grandson of Sigurd Orm i auga Ingilldr enn Tryggue KOlbiarnarson Sneypis Ingles, ancestor of Alfred Ingild, ancestor of Alfred In ild, ancestor of Al red Mur. 828.3 n.d. Wg. tr. C. 283, 252 n.d. St. P. n.d. St. P. n.d. Gld. II. 116 n.d. battr af Ragnars sonum n.d. Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. n.d. Cat. Reg. Svecia n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Frag. Cat. Svethice n.d. Sogubrot af Fornkonungum chap. 3 Cat. Regum Svecia n.d. Schn. 819 Dr. (n.381) 819 Genealogies B. 12 ca. 8307 ca. 830? Laxdoela Saga 1.1. ca. 830? n.d. Landnama—boc II. 18.1 Genealogies A. 35-6 Thorsnees Settlement 1.8 Libellus p. 306.12 ca. 830? af Upplending Konungum - ca. 830? Gen. Haraldi Pulchricomi in Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. Frag. Isl. de Reg. Dan. ca. 830 ca. 830? Libellus n.d. Landnama-boc III. 13.2, 15. 2 fl. ca. 830—870 Wessex gen. 888 Wessex gen. 889 889 Fl. W. I. 70 Or. Isl. Ethelweard p. 33 W. Malm p. 120 Sweet p. 179 ASChr. A ASChr ABCD Eornaldar SOgur III. 89 Eornaldar SBgur II. 293 Fms I. 110-11 Grettis Saga chap. 7 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 170 Fant I. 15 Or. Isl. Eant I. 3 Grettis Saga chap. 60 Or. Ems Or. Fms Or. Or. Or. Ems Eornaldar Sbgur II. 203- Isl. II. Isl. 1-3 I. 250 Isl. Isl. Isl. IX. 869 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 253 VallaaLjots Saga CPB II. chap. 358 Ingels, ancestor of Alfred Ingialdr i Hefre Ingild, ancestor of Ethelwulf Ingildi—brother of Ine ingild co(enred)ing Ingild Cenreding Ingild (AB) Ingeld (CD), ancestor of Ebelwulf Ingjaldi, king of Denmark Ingjaldr konungr of Noregr Ingjaldr Engla konungr Ingjaldr enn traust Ingialdr, son of Asmund Ingieldir, son of Breutomund— Cat. Reg. Svecia ir Ingialldr Hroallzson ingialdir, son of bratomund Ingjald, brother of porarin Ingialdr i Ylfe Ingjaldr i Ylfi Ingialldr Helgason ens Magra Ingjaldr Helgason Magra Ingialdr Helgason ens Magra Ingialldr, father of Skegg-Avallde Ingialdr Saubeyjargooe Ingjaldr Ingjaldr, a berserkr Ingjaldr, brother to Ottarr Ingjaldr i Gndpafelli Ingialdr 889 gen. Vatzdoela Saga 7, 10 fl. 850-873 855 Wessex gen. ca. 855 Saxon Genealogies Wessex gen. n.d. 855 Hrdlfs Saga Gautrekssonar chap. 3 Ans Saga Bogsveigis chap. 1 n.d. ca. 870 Grims Saga Lobinkinna chap. 3 ca. 870 n.d. Landnama-boc II. 5.1: V. II. 8 ,ca. 870? Cat. Regum Svecia n.d. ca. 875? Hallfred Saga ca. 875? chap. 1 n.d. Landnama-boc II. 20.8 III. 18.1, 18.8; 18.10-11 fl. ca. 880 n.d. Vigla—Glums Saga 1.1 ff Landnama-boc III. 5.16 ca. 880 Laxdoela Saga 8. 1-3 ca. 880 n.d. Orvar—Odds Saga chap. 10 ca. 890? Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 28 ca. 890? ca. 890? from Barbar Saga n.d. Eornaldar Sbgur II. 60 Ems III. 72-77 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Njals Saga Or. Isl. chap. 116 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Viglundar Saga 0r. Isl. Viga-Styrs Saga ok Heibarviga chap. 7 borsteins Saga Siéu- Hallssonar, chap. 8, 6 Njals Saga chap. 25 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Njals Saga chap. 102 Or. Isl. E16amanna Saga chap. 35 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. KCD 801 Ebrstemann col. 90 Ellis DB II. 382 Ellis DB I. 839 CPB II. 888 LVD p. 85 ZI‘Z Ingjaldr Trana, Kolsson Ingjaldr skari Ingialldr Hergilsson Ingialldr Brfinason Ingjald the Strong Ingialldr enn Sterke Geifennzson Ingialldr Hrolfsson Ingialdr Olafssons Feilans Ingialldr Alfuarensson Ingjaldr Alfarinsson Ingialldr pérgilsson Ingjaldr huskarl O Ingjaldr a Kérsstdbum Ingjaldr of Keldur, Hoskuldzson Ingialldr Haoscullzson at Keldom Ingialdr i Hergils-ey Ingialdr Nibgestzson Ingjald Thorkelsson Ingialldr borkelsson Haeyjartyrooils Ingjaldr Grimsson glammabar Ingialldr Grimsson Ingialdr farmabr Ingialdr porvallzson ?Ingold minister Engelo Ingaldus Ingald Ingialdr father of porsteinn ?Ingellarius borsteins Saga Vikingssonar n.d. ca. 900 Landnama-boc II. 17.8 III. 21.3 fl. ca. Landnama-boc II. 23.3 fl. ca. 910 Genealogies A. 10 ca. 920? Landnama-boc III. ca. 920? Laxdoela Saga 2.8 ca. 920 7.3 910 15.10 Landnama-boc II. ca. 930 ca. 930 Landnama—boc II. 8.15 ca. 930 ca. 980 n.d. fl. 960-1010 Genealogies A. 10 960-1010 Gisla Saga 18. 1-8 fl. ca. 970 Helganna Saga 2.8 seq. ca. 990 fl. 995 Genealogies A. 28 n.d. I. 680.17 Liosvetninga Saga 827 ca. 1000 Helganna Saga 8.1. n.d. ca. 1000 1055 Lc. ca. 1070 Leic. 238b. thrice 1088 Leic. 231 1088 Skalda-tal ca. 1260 13th C. hand LVD p. 38 Liljegren no. Liljegren no. 1262 Isl. Or. Isl. Isl. Or. Or. Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Po '0 ’O'U’O'U'O’O'U'U p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. P. p. Edwards 'U'O'U'U'U 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 185 185 185 185 L. H. p. 270 50 50 50 50 50 628 ?Ingolia PLACE NAMES Igelstad Ingelstad Ingiallz-gnupr Ingiallz-sandr Ingiallz-hvall Ingelstorp Engilstorp Ingelslef Ingilstatha Ingalstorp Engelsviken Engelstad Nannestad Ingelsrud Ingelsrud Engelsgaard Engelstad 0. Engelstad Modum Engelstad Lardal Engelstad Slemdal Engelskjenn Engesland Engelsvandet Engelsvold Engelsgjerd Engelsaas Ingstad (from Ingialdzstadom) Engesvik Fosnes Engesaasen Engelsden Vega Engesvik Herd Engelsden deingen ?Ingelsrud Vinger ?Ingelsrud Eidskogen ?Ingelsvandet ?Ingelsfjord Ingeltune 13th c. n.d. n.d. Landnama-boc Havaroz Saga Landnama-boc (Engelstrup) (Ingstrup) n.d. n.d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. .d. DDSDDDDDDSDDSDDDD 0.0.0.90. 55:35:13: 000.000.0- n.d. 1020 V. 13.6 7.5 II. 7 .3 Ekwall p. 252 Ekwall p. 252 Ekwall p. 252 Ekwall p. 253 Ekwall p. 253 Stenton DB, lxxi Stenton DB, lxxiv Ingleborough Hill YW ?Inglethorpe NF Ingleton Du Ingoldisthorpe Nf Ingoldmells Li Ingleby Li Ingoldsby Li (Ingelburc ca. 1170) (Yngelesthorpe Hy 3 RBE) (Ingeltun ca. 1050 ASChr) (Ingaldestorp 1203 Cur) (Ingoldesmeles 1180 P) DB 1088 DB 1088 B 2921 Annals SN p. 119 CPB I. 59 ASPR III. 178 En. col. 1106 Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. En. col. 1106 Ebrstemann col. En. col. 1106 Porstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fdrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Porstemann col. En. col. 1106 En. col. 1106 En. col. 1106 Porstemann col. EBrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Porstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. FBrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. 911 911 912 912 911 911 911 911 911 911 911 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 912 26L4 MEREWIOING -Merovingian i.e. King of the Franks Merewioingas (gen.) Meroveus, third king of the Franks piaurikz...the Maringa Deodric ahte...Maringaburg Meroveus Maroveus Maroveus Merwig Maroveus Meriwih Meriwih Merovecus Merovecus Merovecus, Merovech Merovicus Maroveus Maroveus Marovechus Meroveus Mervungorum regnum Maroveus Meroveus Meroveus Meroveus Meroveus Meroveus Meroveus Moroveus Mereveus Mereveus Merewig Meroving Meroing Merong n.d. 837 n.d. Deor II. 18-20 Marius p. 38 Pd. (n.192) Conc. Pictaviens Pd. (n.865) AS Jan. 1, Schn. Dr. (n.116) P. II. 311 P. VIII. 136ff P. VIII. 309-10 Gest. Francor. D. Ch. I. 801 Greg. Tur. VII. 28 Greg. Tur. IX 30, 33 MG III. 235 MG II. 239, 376 etc. P. XV 269 A. S. Jan. 1 P I. 283 P. V. 219ff. P. VI. 115, 117 P. VIII. 116, 159 Greg. Tur. often Predegar repeatedly P. II. 192 (gen. reg. Franc.) P. II. 307 (reg. Merow. gen.) D. Ch. I repeatedly P. V. 33 note P. X. 326 P. V. 30 P. VIII. 555 578 588 590 706 788 796 796 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. etc. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. .165 MODbRVoO -Wife of Anglian King Offa ON prfibr B 1931 prybo n.d. CPB II. 838 brubr, a Valkyrie Thulor 1. 688 n.d CPB I. 75-6 brfibr Grimnismal app. 19 n.d. CPB II. 7 brfibr Bragi‘s Shield Lay n.d. CPB II. 26.9 brubr n.d. CPB II. 81.52 prfibr n.d. CPB II. 827 br§br, a goddess Thulor 1. 167 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Truta, Trudane (gen.) Pd. 526 Ebrstemann col. 388 Trudanae (gen.) Pd. (n.128) 537 Farstemann col. 388 Drudo Ng. 787 Edrstemann col. 388 Trudo P I. 385 n.d. Porstemann col. 388 Trudo P. VI. 11 n.d. FOrstemann col. 388 Trudo P. VI. 668 n.d. Porstemann col. 388 Trudo P. VIII. 328 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Trudo P IX. 168, 182, 183 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Trudo P. X. 278 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Trudo P. X. 571 n.d. F6rstemann col. 388 Trudo P. XII often n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Truto Gld. II. a. 109 n.d. Farstemann col. 388 Trudi St. P. n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Drutus P. VI. 136 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Truut Mchb. sec. 9(n.538) n.d. Fdrstemann col. 388 Truda Pol. Irm. pp. 180,188n.d. Edrstemann col. 388 Truda Pol. R. p. 50 n.d. Fdrstemann col. 388 Thruda Gld. II. a. 128 n.d. Porstemann col. 388 Trutha Necr. Aug. n.d. FOrstemann col. 388 Truta St. P. repeatedly n.d. Edrstemann col. 388 Trut St. P. n.d. Ebrstemann col. 388 Trut M. B. (XIII) 828 Ebrstemann col. 388 Truda Lp. II. 71 909 Ebrstemann col. 388 Trutta, Truta M. B. 1090 Nielsen p. 98 ‘ Thrudo Lund 12th c. )1 hi 7‘! Nielsen p. 98 Nielsen p. 98 Nielsen p. 98 Rygh p. 266 Rygh p. 266 Gertz II. 268.16, 20 2E56 PLACE NAMES Trudsholm Trudslev Trudsd bruddaebargum brubarbergar Thrutstorp, Thru(a)thstorp in Dyursa n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Trudstrup) ca. 1270 in u ... c as, a a s.:\“: ’2' I 4‘" C IV Saxo Uffo B 1957 B 1989 Saxo I. 33 Saxo I. 38 Saxo I. 39 Langebek II. 291 Gertz I. 231 Gertz I. 286 Saxo IV. 130 Saxo IV. 139-83 Gertz I. 98-105 Gertz I. 161.7 Gertz I. 175.19 Gertz I. 187 Langebek I. 27 Langebek I. 32 Langebek I. 65 Langebek I. 88 Langebek I. 152 Sweet Gen. p. 170 267 OFEA -King of the Continental Angles -Son of Garmund Offa Offan (gen.) foo, king of Swedes, son of Asmund foo offers daughter to man who slays Hadding foo, king of Swedes, slain by Hadding Uffo, filius ulterius Asmundi Ubbo marries Frotho's sister Vluilda a certain Dane, Vbbo dies in battle foo, king of Denmark, son of Wermund, is dull as a youth, never spoke or laughed foo defeats two Saxon champions in defending Danish kingdom Uffi, son of Wermund the blind, fights battle on R. Egdore; had a son Dan Superbus Uffi, son of Wermund foa, son of Vuermund blinde foo, son of Wermundus Prudens UFEI Kunung hin Starke, Vermundasun UFFI STARKI, Vermunda sun VFFO UFPO STARCKE UFFO STARKE off..uaermunding n.d. n.d. n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Comp. Saxonis II. 2 Comp. Saxonis III. 7 Sven. Aggonis chap. 2-3 _ Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Nomina Regum Danorum Incerti Auctonis Gen. Reg. Danie Series Runica Prima Series Runica Altera Cat. Regum Dania Brevior Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. Chron. Erici Regis Mercian genealogy n.d. ASPR III. 150 Langebek II. 305 F1. W. p. 251 Sim D II. 366 F1. W. I. 10 El. W. p. 258 El. W. p. 268 Nennius para. 57 Sim D II. 378 Sim D II. 390 ASChr E Sweet p. 179 E1. W. p. 250 F1. W. p. 263 Sweet p. 179 F1. W. p. 250 ASChr BC F1. W. I. 15 Jacobsen 8 Moltke no. 115 BCS 32 BCS 32 BCS 101 LVD p. 2 LVD p. 9 LVD p. 28 LVD p. 25 LVD p. 26 LVD p. 38 LVD p. 38 LVD p. 81 C?68 Offa weold Ongle Uffo, son of Wermundus Offa, son of Wermund Offa, ancestor of Penda Offa, son of noelfrith of Northumbria Offa, son of [thelfrith Offa, son of Fthelfrith Offa, son of Ethelfrid Offa, son of Eathelfridus Offa, son of Athelfrith Offa, son of Ebelfrib, driven out Offa sighering Offa, son of Sighere Offa, son of Sighere made king offa bedcing Offa, son of Bedca Offa, ancestor of Penda Offa, ancestor of Penda ufii (runic) Ofa princeps Ofa (2) Oba Ofa Ofa Offa Offa Ofa Offa Ofa Ofa Widsith 11. 35-88 Thoma Ghysmer Mercian gen. n.d. n.d. ca. 595 Northumbrian gen. n.d. Deiran gen. 593 Bernician gen. n.d. n.d. n.d. 617 de regibus Orientalium seaxonum n.d. East Saxon gen. n.d. de regibus orientalium seaxonum n.d. East Saxon gen. n.d. gen. 626 gen. 627 n.d. Wulfhere, king of Mercia 678? Wulfhere, king of Mercia 678? King Ini 699 Nomina Regum vel Ducum (silver) n.d. Nomina Abbatum n.d. (gold) Nomina Clericorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) l -. . IA) 0 a J I. u' 7" e. fl LVD p. 82 BCS Whitelock 1955, p. 63) (no. BCS BCS 123A BCS 1238 BCS Fl. w. Malm p. 99 108 123 116 W. I. ASChr. V. Malm. BCS 30s ’acs BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Thorpe DA p. 31 79 125 125 126 131 130 137 138 163 168 153 186 157 189 150 152 158 162 168 269 Ofa Oba Offa, king of East Saxons Offa rex Merciorum 0ffa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Anglorum subregulus Offa, rex Orientalium Saxonum,retires to Rome Offa king of Essex rules a short time, goes to Rome Offa goes to Rome Offa, filius Sigheri, k. of East Saxons 0ffa, rex Mercioram rex Offa 0ffa...0rientalium Anglorum gubernator Offa rex Offa, rex Orientalium Anglorum Offa Oba minister Oua Oba minister Oba 0ffa Oua Oba comes Oba Oban Oba Oba Ofa patricius Ova suffragator Oban Nomina Monachorum (silver) King Ini King Offa of Essex ca. 708 King Offa of Essex 708 x Another form of BCS A third form of BCS Ethelweard 708 709 709, 708C 709 Northgide King Kenred King Kenred Letter of Pope Constantine Bishop ngine Bishop Ecgwine King Ethilbald 716 King Ethelbald 716 King Ethelbald 716 King Ethilbald 716 King Eoelbald Nov. X X X X 709 123 123 706 n.d. 709 709 709 718 718 717 717 783 783 28 723, 729, 735, or 780 Ethilbold 718 x 727 King Ethilbalth 723 x 737 King Ethelbald Oct. 29, 732 or 733 King Ethilbald Oct. 29, 732 or 733 King Ethilbald 738 King Ethilbalt 736 Council of Clovesho 782 Hilla 788 K. Aebelbald 787 BCS 177 Sim D II. 39 Sim D I. 88 ASChr ABC Ethelweard p. 25 ASChr. Fl. W. I. 56 Nennius para. 60 Sweet p. 170 F1. W. p. 266 Ethelweard p. 28 Sweet p. 171 BCS 183 Sim D II. 369 W. Malm pp. 79, 88 Sim D II. 81 Sim D I. 353 W. Malm pp. 88, 95 W. Malm p. 105 W. Malm p. 109 W. Malm p. 93 W. Malm p. 118 En. col. 1878 W. Malm p. 81 W. Malm p. 73 W. Malm pp. 88, 98, 262 W. Malm pp. 85, 88 W. Malm p. 86 2.70 Obani ducis Offa, son of Aldfrid, takes refuge Offa flees to body of St. Cuthbert 0ffa, ancestor of Offa Offa, ancestor of King Offa of Mercia Offa receives Mercian kingdom Offa succeeds to Mercian throne Offa, son of Thingferth Offa Oincfri(5i)ng 0ffa, son of Thincferth Offa succeeds to kingdom of Mercia Offa rex beornredum tyrannum bello superavit 0ffa...regno Merciorum 0ffa, a very powerful king (of Mercia) Offa succeeds to kingdom Offa wins kingdom of Mercia ditchof King 0ffae (fossa regis Offae) Offa subjects E. Anglia to himself Egbrihtus flees to Offa, king of Mercia Offa rege Merciorum founds English school at Rome 0ffae regi Merciorum in letter from Charlemagne Edburgae filiae 0ffae regis Merciorum Offo Offam regem Merciorum at Battle of Bensington Alcuin's letter to Offam regem Merciorum 0ffa rex Merciorum rex Offa est. archbishopric at Lichfield 0ffae plunders Malmesbury King Ethilbald 750 May 788 n.d. n.d. Mercian gen. Item Mercna Mercian gen. 755 755 756 Eanberht of Hwicce ca. 757 n.d. 757 757 n.d. post 757 St. G. (n.50) ca. 777 766 n.d. post 757 n.d. W. Malm pp. 83, 91 w. Malm p. 92 BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Sim BCS BCS BCS BCS. BCS BCS 220 219 218 187 188 189 195 205 196 196 197 260 201 202 202 286 203 203 208 208 206 D II. 88 207 208 209 210 211 270 213 Offa marries his daughter to Brihtric regem Offam quarrels with Charlemagne Offani regis Merciorum 0ffa rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum rege Offan Offa, rex Merciorum Offa...Merciorum rex Offa rex Merciorum Uba Offa rex Merciorum Uba 0ffa rex Merciorium 0ffa...rex Merciorum Offani regis Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum (0ffa...rex Me)rciorum Offani regis Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum Offanus rex Merciorum 0ffa K. Offa of Mercia subdues Hesting Offa rex Merciorum 0ffa Rex Merciorum Offa rex 0ffa rex Offa rex OffE regi Merciorum Offa rex Anglorum ca. 788 n.d. Abbot Ceolfrith 757 King Offa Aldred of Eanberht, Aldred King 0ffa King Eadbert of Kent of Mercia 7S7 Hwicce 757 Uhctred & of Mercia 759 Offa of Mercia Uhtred of Hwicce76u X X King Ecgberht of Kent King Ecgberht of Kent 775 775 775 759 768 761? 768 775 765 765 King Alduulf of Sussex n.d. King Egcberth of Kent King Offa Uhtred of Uhtred King Offa Uhtred of Uhtred Uhtred of Uhtred 765 of Mercia Hwicce of Mercia 769 Hwicce Hwicce X X King Osmund of Sussex 771 King 0ffa King Offa King Offa King Offa of Mercia of Mercia Aug. 15, of Mercia of Mercia 791 767 767 767 785 770 770 770 770 770 772 772 772 772 King Ethelbert of Sussex Charlemagne n.d 772 x 795 King Offa of the Angles 778 BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Ethelweard p. 25 218 215 216 226 221 ASChr. BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Annales Cambria p. 10 w. I. Fl. BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Annales Cambria p. 10 BCS 222 222 223 227 227 232 231 229 230 233 238 887 235 236 237 1338 239 280 281 281 288 ABCDE 59 (238B) 272 Offa rex totius Anglorum Offa Rex Offa rex Anglorum 0ffa...rex Anglorum 0ffa rex Merciorum Offa wages war Cynewulf & Offa fought near Bensington Offa, filius Thingfrith, rex Merc. Offa rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum Uba Ubba 0ffa rex Marcensium Offa, (rege Saxonum) Offa fights Cynewulf at Bensington 0ffa...rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Mercensium 0ffa...rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum OFPA...rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Mercensium 0ffa...rex Mercensium 0ffa...rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum 0ffa...rex 0ffa...rex Anglorum Offa rex Merciorum Offano rege Merciorum Offa Offa King Offa of the Angles 778 King Offa 778 King 0ffa 778 King Offa of the Angles 775 x 778 King Offa of Mercia Feb. 2, 776 776 777 King 0ffa 777: King 0ffa of Mercia 777 King Offa of Mercia 777 King Ecgberht of Kent 778 King Ecgberht of Kent778 Uhtred of lece178 x 779 778 778 King 0ffa of Mercia 778 x 779 King 0ffa of Mercia 779 King Offa of Mercia 779 King Offa of Mercia 779 King Offa of Mercia 730 (for 780) King Offa 780 King Offa of Mercia Sept. 22, 780 King Offa of Mercia Sept. 22, 780 Duke Oslac of Sussex 780 Duke Oslac 780 King Offa of Mercia 781 King Offs of Mercia 781 Bishop Heathored 781 Bp. Heathored 781 788 King 0ffa Of Kent (?)78u BCS 285 BCS 287 ASChr El. W. I. 61 ASChr BCS 288 BCS 271 BCS 250 ASChr. Fl. W. I. 62 BCS 251 BCS 252 BCS 253 BCS 258 BCS 255 BCS 255 BCS 256 BCS 257 KCD 158 Annals SN. p. 128 BCS 259 BCS 261 BCS 262 BCS 263 BCS 272 BCS 273 BCS 268 BCS 889 Sim D II. 58 BCS 888 (2638) BCS 889 (2688) 273 0ffa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Offa chooses Hygebryht bishop Offa rege Merciorum chooses Hygebriht bishop Offan cinge Offa rex Mertiorum 0ffa...rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Brihtric marries Offa’s d. Eadburg Offa marries his daughter to King Brihtric 0ffa...rex Offa Rex 0ffa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merc. 0ffa rex Merciorum Ubba Offan...Merciorum regis Offa rex Merciorum offa myrcena kining Brychtric marries daughter of 0ffa Offa rex Anglorum 0ffae regis Anglorum Offa rex Merciorum Offa rex Offa rex Anglorum 0ffa...rex 0ffa rex 0ffa...rex Merciorum King 0ffa gives daughter Elfled to King Ethelred OFFA rex Merciorum OFFA rex Merciorum King Offa of Mercia 785 King Offa of Mercia 785 785 785 785 King Offa of Mercia 786 Abbot Beonna 786 x 796 Legates George & 787 Theophylact 787 787 King Offa of Mercia 787 Duke Berthuald 788 (795 for) King 0ffa of Mercia 788 King 0ffa of Mercia 788 King 0ffa of Mercia 789 King Offa of Mercia 789 Bp. Heathored 789 King Offa of Mercia 789 Offa 789 789 King Offa of Mercia April 12, 790 Duke Aldwlf of Sussex (711 for) 791 Duke Aldwlf of Sussex ca. 791 King Offa of Mercia 791 King Offa 791 x 796 King Offa 791 x 796 King Offs of Mercia (795 for) May 8, 792 Synod at Clofesho 792 792 King Offa 792 King Offa May 8, 792 Ethelweard p. 27 ASChr El. W. I. 63 El. W. p. 252 El. W. p. 262 BCS 265 BCS 267 BCS 268 BCS 269 BCS 278 BCS 278 ASChr. Annals SN pp. 128-9 ‘BCS 275 Finberg 1968 no. 397 El. W. I. 63 BCS 279 ASChr . DE Annals SN p. 129 Sim D II. 58 BCS 281 W. Malm p. 93 Annales Cambria p. 11 Grueber p. 5 Abser p. 12 Sim D II. 66 BCS 287 BCS 288 BCS 291 278 Offa orders execution of King Ethelburht Offa Myrcna cyning orders Ebelbriht beheaded 0ffa puts Egelberht to death Offa, King of Mercia King Offa, slays king Beorna OFEA rex Anglorum OEFA rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Ubba Offa rex Offa cing dies 0ffa, rex Merciorum, kills Ethelbriht OFFA...rex Merciorum OFFA, King of the Mercians Offa regi Merciorum dies patris mei Offan 0ffa Myrona cing dies Offa, perfidus rex Merciorum, dies 0ffa, King of Mercia, dies a glorioso Cffani genituri 0ffae crowns his son ngrith king Offa rex Merciorum OBA, moneyer of Coenwulf Offa, who ordered a great wall constructed Offa, King of Mercia, who built a wall rex Offa Offa Offa regem Merciorum 792 792 793 Mercian gen. n.d. East Angle gen. 793 King Offa of Mercia 793 May 26 (790 for) King Offa of Mercia 793 King 0ffa of Mercia 793 King Offa of Mercia 793 King Offa of Mercia 793 x 796 King Offa of Mercia 793 x 796 798 798 King Offa of Mercia n.d. Offa 793 x 800 798 King Egeferth of Mercia 796 796 796 796 King Ecgfrid of Mercia 796 796 796 796 x 822 n.d. 802 King Kenulf of Mercia Letter 798 Letter of Pope Leo III 798 Council of Clovesho 798 BCS 293 BCS 298 BCS 201 BCS 201 Edrstemann Ebrstemann Porstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Forstemann Ebrstemann col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1871 En. col. 1878 En. col. 1878 En. col. 1878 Saxo VII. 300 Saxo VIII. Eornaldar Sbgur I. 297 Keary I. 38, 36, 80, 70. 73 BCS 301 BCS 301 317 1209 1209 1209 1209 1209 1209 1209 1209 275 Offa rex Rex Offa 0ffa...rex Merciorum Offani Uffo Offo Uffo Uffa Offo Uffo Offo Offo Ubbi Ubbi Upi Ubbis (gen.) Ubbo Ubbo Ubbo Opo Oppo Offo 0ffo Offa Ubbe, Frisian champion, ravages Jutland Ubbe the Frisian slays 25 Swedish champions Ubbi enn friski Oba, moneyer of Coenwulf 0ffa rex Comiti Suo Nomina Ufa King Coenuulf of Mercia 799 King Cenulph 799 Pilheard’s endorsement 799 x 802 Pilheard‘s endorsement 799 x 802 P. V. 782 n.d. P. III. 517 n.d. Wg. Tr. c. 19, 276, n.d. 316, 381 Wg. Tr. C. 201 n. Wg. Tr. C. 357, 385, n. 815, 869, 872 Ms. sec. 11 (n.27) n.d. Mchb. sec. 8, 9 n.d. (n.37, 835) Laur. repeatedly n.d. Wg. Tr. c. 885 n.d. Frek. n.d. MG II. 230 n.d. Cr. II. a. 58 (sec. 11) n.d. Wg. Tru c. 867, 877 n.d. Frek. n.d. sz n.d. MG II. 359 n.d. MG II. 172 n.d. P. XIV. 80 n.d. P. XV. 529 n.d. Massmann Libel. Aur. Aur. p. 87 etc. n.d. n.d. n.d. Sbgubrot af fornkonungum chap. 8 El. 800 x 825 King Ceneuulf (791 for) 801 King Ceneuulf (791 for) 801 Sim D II. 66 Sim D II. 66 BCS 310 Thorpe DA p. 72 BCS 311 Grueber pp. 1, 6 Grueber p. 9 BCS 327 BCS 332 BCS 380 Fdrstemann col. 1209 BCS 808 ASChr P1. “0 I. 69 Langebek I. 229 BCS 501 BCS 501 BCS 507 Saxo IX. 371 Saxo IX. 378 Gertz I. 16 Gertz I. 169 Heimskringla III. 15 BCS 535 BCS 538 BCS 557 KCD 1065 2765 Eadburgam, daughter of Mercian King Offa Offa, King of Mercia, who built a wall Offa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Offa rex Merciorum Oba, moneyer of Ecgbeorht OBA, moneyer of Baldred Offa rex Merciorum rex Offa Oba Offa (Otto, Dr. n. 871) Oba minister Offa had before exiled Ecgbriht Offa rex Merciorum had previously expelled Ecgbrihtus, King of Wessex Vbbi, son of Lothbroch Ofa Ofe Oba Ubbe, son of Ragnar Ubbe claims the throne of Denmark Ubbo joins brothers in attacking France Vbbi, son of Regner lotbroki, conquers Noruegia, kills King Ella in North- umpria, martyrs Edmundus Ubbe Akason regum Merciorum...Offan V Oba m Ufa Vbba minister 802 802 Council of Clofesho 12 Oct. 803 Ebelheard 803 Council of Clofesho 12 Oct. 803 802 x 839 807 x 825 King Cynulf 808 Archbp. Uulfred 21 Apr. 811 Archbishop Wulfred 828 for 838 Schn. 827 Eadwald n.d. 836 836 Annal. Esrom. 856 Will of Ealhburg n.d. Will of Ealhburg n.d. King Ebelberht of Wessex 863 n.d. n.d. Chronicon Roskildense n.d. Reges Danorum n.d. Harallz Saga Harfagra chap. 15 ca. 870 King Burhed of Mercia 872 King Abelwulf of Wessex 878 King Elfred n.d. King Ebelred of Mercia 888 BCS 585 BCS 590 BCS 590 BCS 589 BCS 595 BCS 611 BCS 620 BCS 621 BCS 622 BCS 623 BCS 628 BCS 626 BCS 629 BCS 632 BCS 688 Ebrstemann KCD 722 En. col. its ‘7 3 Eornaldar 868‘“. II. 93 BCS 1008 BCS 1023 BCS 1036 BCS 1037 BCS 1083 BCS 1320 BCS 1320 BCS 1351 BCS 1088 BCS 1050 KCD 893 BCS 1135 BCS 1228 BCS 1268 BCS 1297 277 Uffa minister Uffa minister Ufa minister Uffa minister Uffa minister Uffa minister Uffa minister Uffa minister Uffa clericus Uffa minister Uffa minister Uffa minister Uffa minister Offa rex Merciorum Ufa Offo bas swurdes be Offa cyng ahte Ubo Ufi, son of Herbrand hinn hbfubmikli Offe mine suster sone Ufa minister Ufa minister Uffa minister Ufa Offa cyng Offa cyng (of Essex?) rex 0ffa rex Offa a regibus Offa Uua the Hwede uice comes Warwichiae Offa rex Merciorum Offa 0ffa...regibus Ufa Earl Ordlaf n.d. Bp. Denewulf 900 Bp. Denewulf 900 King Eadward 901 King Eadward 901 Bp. Denewulf 908 King Eadward 909 King Eadward 909 King Eadward 909 King Eadward 909 King Eadward 909 King Eadward 909 King Eadward ca.910 Ebelfled of Mercia 916 (878 for) King Ebelstan 925 x 981 H. (n.186) 926 Abelstan Abeling n.d. Mab. (n.137) 950 porsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 20 Will of Bishop Theodred n.d. King Eadred 958 King Eadgar 958 King Eadgar 958 King Eadgar 958 Calendar of Worcester Lands n.d. Calendar of Worcester Lands n.d. King Eadgar (951 for)959 King Eadgar (951 for)959 King Eadgar Apr. 1, 959 Uua 962 King Eadgar 28 Dec.968 King Eadgar 15 Mar. 969 (968 for) King Eadgar, May 15, 969 or 970 King Eadgar 973 Grueber pp. 201, 238 Grueber pp. 201, 215—6 KCD 672 ASPR VI. 7 KCD 696 KCD 1308 Ems I. 110 Ebrstemann col. 1209 Gertz II. 205ff En. col. 1871 Nielsen p. 102 F1. W. II. 8 Gertz I. 373 Gertz I. 392 Gertz I. 131 Gertz I. 396 Gertz I. 808 Ellis DB II. 190 Ellis DB II. 190 Ellis DB II. 190 Ellis DB II. 360 Orkneyinga Saga p. 201 BCS 61 BCS 125 KCD iii 376 BCS 130 KCD 1081 BCS 779 BCS 812 BCS 883 KCD iii 861 BCS 1321 BCS 1322 Ofe, moneyer of Ethelred II Oban, moneyer of Ethelrld II 979 x 1016 praedecessor meus Offa Offa Offa rex Merciorum (mention) Offa, rex Merciorum (mention) Ubbi Ingjaldsson Uffo dominus Vbbo ruled a year Ubbe Ubbo ref. to Mercian King Offa Vbbo, son of Sven Estridson Vbbo allows Nicholaus to rule Ubbo, an ally of Magnus Vbbo prefectus rouses k. Nicholaus vs Kanutus Vbbo is hanged by Eric Offa Offe liber homo commend. Stigandi 0ffo teinus Stigandi Offa Ufi PLACE NAMES obanleighe Offeham Offepole foaham Ofneham Offahames gemrre Offanlege Offan pol Oban treow Offeham offaham 979 x 1016 Ebelred 990 Maldon 1.5 991 Ebelred 996 Ebelred 1007 n.d. Hf. II. 152 ca. 1020 Exordium Monasterii n.d. Cara Insula LC. (n.211) Brév 11th c. 1070 Comp. Saxonis XI. 8 1068 Comp. Saxonis XII. 7 Sven Aggonis chap. 13 Comp. Saxonis XIII. 5 Comp. Saxonis XIII. 10 Sussex 23 1088 Suff. 838b. 1088 Norf. 186 1088 Suff. 886b. 1088 fl. 1158 Baldred of Mercia 681 King Kenred 709 Coenrad 709 Bishop Ecgwine 718 Ebeluulf of Kent 832 King Eadmund 982 Will of Ebelgiva 988 x 986 King Eadred 989 Bp. Oswald 963 Rochester Bridge n.d. Rochester Bridge n.d. Sim D I. Ebrstemann col. 1209 Fbrstemann col. 1209 Fbrstemann col. 1209 Fbrstemann col. En. col. En. col. En. col. En. col. En. col. Nielsen p. 102 Nielsen p. 102 173 1878 1878 1878 1878 1878 Rygh p. 269 Rygh p. 269 KCD 789 Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall p. p. p. p. p. pe Po p. p. p. p. P- Gertz II. 332 332 332 332 332 332 322 332 337 862 862 862 862 862 268 1209 Offedene Offanwang Offinbach Offenheim Offunwilari Uffanhusan Uffenleva Offensegal Offenstein Offonthorof Ubberup Ubberdd Ubberud Ubberod at offaham Offa's Dyke Offchurch Wa Offenham Wo Offham Sx Offington Sx Offley, Great & Little Hrt Offton Sf Offwell D Ovenden YW Uffington Brk Ufford NP Ufton Nervet Brk Uffington Li Uffington Sa Ubathorp in Dyurse 53332355531353: QQGQQQ—QCLQ-QQCLQ. n.d. Godric 1038 x 1050 (Offedich 1188 p) (Ofechirch 1083 Ch) (Offeham 709, Uffaham 718 BCS 125, 130) (Offahames gemare 982-6 BCS 779) (Ofintune DB Offentun ca1200) (Offanlege BCS 812) (Offetuna DB) (Offewille DB, Uffewill 1230 P) (Ovinden 1286 FE) (Uffentun BCS 687) (Uffanwyrba gemare BCS 871) (Offetune DB, Uffeton 1199 EP) (Offinton DB) 1088 (Offintona 1118-16 RA) (Uffinton 1225 Ep) (Offington 1258 Val) (Ofitone DB) (Uffitun 1177 P) (Offinton 1255 RH) ca. 1270 ON Ottarr B 2380, 2398, 2612 B 2928, 2938 En. col. 195 En. col. 195 Starcke p. 78 Volsunga Saga p. 69 Ebrstemann col. 171 CPB I. 226-38 CPB I. 188 Fant I. 2 Eant I. 3 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 10 Fant. I. 5 Heimskringla I. 31 Ems VIII. 2 CPB I. 287-88 CPB II. 522 Or. Isl. I. 306.8 CPB II. 521 Ebrstemann col. 5 En. col. 195 Fbrstemann col. 171 Keary I. 25 En. col. 195 Fbrstemann col. 171 Ebrstemann col. 171 Ebrstemann col. 171 CPB I. 226-38 Wimmer IV. 37 Fdrstemann col. 171 Fn. col. 195 OHTHERF «son of the swndish King Ongenbéow -brother of Onela Ohtere(s) (gen.) Ohtheres (gen.) Autchar, bp of Cupua Auderius, bp 3: Cremona Authari, chief of Langobardi Otter, son of ireidmar Authari n.d. n.d. n.d. 380-391 588 6th c. Paul. Diac. III. 16 etc. Ottarr heimski, Freya's lover Hyndlo—liod passim Otr, guardian of Hniflunga treasure Ottar Wendel Kraka Otharus, son of eghil Vendilcraco Ottarr vendilkraka, father of Abils at Uppsblum otar, son of eghil wandilkrake Ottarr Vendil-Kraka Egilsson Ottarr Vendilkraka Ottarr vandil—kraka Ottarr Vendilkraca, son of Egill Ottarr, son of Egill Vendil—craca Ottars Vandils-krako (gen. Aecther Aptachar Audchar Oter, moneyer to Offa Autareni (gen.) Aotahar Autchar Otheri Ottarr heimski Utar (runic) ?Hothar Otheri Biarka-mal in Fornu 15 Langfedga-tal n.d Cat. Reg. Svecia n.d Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 8 Frag. Cat. Svethice n.d. Ynglinga Saga chap. 31 Gen. n.d. Ynglinga-tal 93 Langfebga—tal n.d. Libellus Islandorum genealogy Flateybook I. 26 n.d. Pd. 653 Greg. Thr. X. 3 n.d. Pd. (n. 812) 690 757 x 796 Farf. (n.67) 766 Ng. 769 Ng. 775 Ng. 791 Hundlo-liod passim n.d. Ng. 806 St. G. (n.198) 808 En. col. 195 Fdrstemann col. En. col. 195 En. col. 195 Ebrstemann col. En. col. 195 En. col. 195 Ebrstemann col. En. col. 195 Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. En. col. 195 Pm. col. 195 Fbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Porstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Fbrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Porstemann col. 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 Other Other Otar Othari Oteri Otheri Otheri Autchar Otheri Authar Authar Auther ?Hauthar ?Hautar Odheri Othere, next to Otthere Autarinem, Autarencm Otheri Otheri Othere Other Other Authari Authari Authari Authari Authari Authari Authari Autharis Autari, Otarius Authar Aucthari Othar Othere Other Ouchar (autharis) St. G. (n.686) 818 Ng. 817 St. G. (n.312) 828 St. G. (n.807) 889 H. (n.87) 853 St. G. (n.886) 856 St. G. (n.861) 858 Pol. Irm. p. 79 n.d. St. G. (n.880etc.)861 etc. Pol. Irm. pp. 102, 108, n.d. Pol. R. p. 58 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.1833, 2232) n.d. Gr. diut. I. 381 n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 125 n.d. Frek n.d. MG n.d. P. IV. 685 n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 301 n.d. St. P. twice n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. St. P. n.d. Pol. R. pp. 85, 55 n.d. IX. 38 0 VI. 36 'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'U'UQ- Ch. I repeatedly n.d. V. often VII. 90 VII. 813 VIII. 188 VIII. 388 V. often XI. 563 III. 256 VIII. 319f . VII. 392 VIII. 557 XI. S37 171 Ebrstemann col. 5 Ebrstemann col. Ebrstemann col. 5 col. 195 filfred's Orosius 195 195 En. En. col. En. col. II. 195 col. 195 Gertz I. 303-5 Saxo VII. 271-3 Saxo VII. 278 Langebek 325 En. En. col. En. col. 19S Eornaldar Sbgur III. Egils Saga Einhenda Eornaldar Sbgur III. Egils Saga Einhenda Eornaldar Sbgur III. Eornaldar Sbgur Annals SN, p. 188 ASChr. BCD ASChr. ABCD Fl. W. I. Fl. w. I. 121 123 Sim D II. 93 Annales Cambria p. 17 Isl. Njals Saga chap. 58 XI. 80, 85-9 Isl. Or. Ems Or. Pn. col. 195 II. 282 282 881 253 Oddar Ohteri Ohtheri Othar Ohthere, a Norwegian Othere Othere Otharus Othar Othar Otharus, amator Siritha Otharus, son of Ebb Otharus, kills Ragnald, defeats Swedes Othari Ottarr, Otari Jotlandi next to jarl af Ottarr, earl of Jotland Ottarr, King of Halogaland Ottarr, Ottarr, King of Halogaland jarl of Bjarmaland brother pagan earl, Ottarr, Ochter, of Ingjaldr killed Slain (BCD) with Danish earl Ohter Danish earl Ohter Ohtor (A) arrives ship army Ohter, a count of the Danes Ohtero, a pagan leader enters the Severn Oter, earl, sacks Dublin Otter venit (in Brittaniam) Ottarr Egilsson Ottar Egilsson Ottar jarl é Gautland Ottarr Biarnarson Austrana Othar P. IX. 321 Wg. Tr. C. 861 n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 279, 280 n.d. Ng. (n.890) 875 King Elfred ca. 880 St. G. (n.617) 881 St. G. (n.618 etc.) 882 etc. Thoma Gheysmer n.d. St. G. (738) 892 St. G. (n.793) 908 Comp. Saxonis VII. 7 n.d. n.d. n.d. MG n.d. Egils Saga ok Asmundar chap. 6 n.d. Egils Saga ok Asmundar chap. 6 chap. 6 18. n.d. Halfdanar Saga BrOnofostra chap. 3 chap. 6, Orvar—Odds Saga chap. 28 910 911 918, 917 A, 915 C, D 911 915 912 913 Genealogies A. 12ca. 930 ca. 930 935 x 985 Landnama-boc II. 9.3 Genealogies B. 3 Thorsness Settlement 7.3 fl. ca. 980 St. G. ca. 980 'r s. ‘ p, ( \ Egils Saga Skallagrims. chap. 78 I. 286: Isl. Isl. II. 20-22 0r. Isl. BCS 1108 Heimskringla VI. 88 VIII. Isl. Ems 172 Or. Isl. VIII. 165-71. 258 IX. 380, 819 Isl. II. 1-6, 10-18 II. 150 II. 286 Iv. Sff: Vs 173-6, II. 883 XI. 185-91, 198-6 Heimiskringla VII, passim Ems Heimskringla VI. 28 Ems I. 131, 158 Ems III. 195 Fms X. 252 Thorpe DA p. 630 Thorpe DA p. 680 Ems II. 58 Thorpe DA p. CPB II. 885 686 617 199 Thorpe DA p. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. 199 190 Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr OTHERI 383 Bjarnarson Bjarnarson Biarnarson Hvalrb Hréallzson pdrgeirsson Goba Ottarr, father of Hallfred the Skald Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr gasi or gassi i Grimstungom i Grimstungom knerra snakollr Snakollson porvaldarson porvaldsson (the poet) (the poet) svarti, skald Svarti svarti skald Svarte jarl Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr Ottarr jarl jarl jarl of Gautland Oter Dirlinges Sunu Oteres Ottarr Oter Obar keptr, poet Dyrlinges Sunu upplenzki of Knutr inn Riki Oter of Chertsey Otre Otro Oderus fl. ca. 980 n.d. Laxdoela Saga 1.3 Landnama-boc IV. 18.8 ca. 950 Landnama-boc III. 18. 1 King Eadgar 963 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 88 fl. ca. 970 n.d. Vatzdoela Saga 37; Vii 1-3 Landnama—boc III. 5. n.d. n.d. Hallfred Saga n.d. Sighvaté Lausa Visor 38-81; 16 chap. 1 Einar Sculason's Geisli n.d. 985 x 1035 985 x 1035 Olafs Saga Harallzsonar ens Helga 1015 x 1030 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar Skalda-tal fl. Knytliflgasaga chap. 28 ca. 995 ca. 1000 ca. 1000 ca. 1000 Manumissions n.d. Manumissions n.d. n.d. Acquittance n.d. fl. 1018 x 1035 Bp. Wulfstan post. 1066 Dev. 105, 109, 109b. 110 twice Yorksh. 301 thric- 1088 Shropsh 258 1088 Norf. 229 1088 Birch, Hyde Register Morkinskinna pp. 388-nus Heimskringla XII. 30 Ems X. “19 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 88ff Agrip af Noregs Konunga Sogum, chap. 60 Or. Isl. Heimskringla XIV. 1 Njals Saga chap. 58 Morkinskinna p. u1u KCD iii ROI BCS 782 BCS 1216 Dugdale, Mon. Angl. II. 323 Thorpe DA p. 6H9 BCS 1158 BCS 1160 Or. Isl. 0r. Isl. KCD 6H2 KCD 703 Earle pp. 239-HO Porstemann col. 172 En. col. 196 Porstemann col. 172 En. col. 196 Edrstemann col. 172 Porstemann col. 172 Porstemann col. 172 En. col. 196 Porstemann col. 172 Forstemann col. 172 Porstemann col. 172 Otuerus éttarr birtingr Ottarr Birtingr 6ttarr birtingr earl 6ttarr Ottarr birtingr éttarr Baollr éttarr Balle Ottarr balli éttarr balli PLACE NAMES Otershaghe oteres hole oter holan Otores hol at Oteri OTERBURNA Oterburnan attars-staber éttars-staber to Oterburnan Oteres ham oterburnan Ottersdorf Otheresdorf Otheresheim Autersheim Ottershova Othereshusir Otteresleba Oderstetelebe Ottarloh Otterstat Ottereswag post 1106 fl. ca. 1103 x 1139 Siguréar Saga Iorsalafara fl. 1130 x 1139 ca. 1130 x 1136 f1. 1128 x 1153 ca. 11u0 Landnama—boc V. 7.7 Gen. A. 12 Sigurbar, Inga ok Eysteins Saga Harallzsonar ca. 1136 n.d. Saga Haralds gilla ca.1136 alfred of Wessex, n.d. King Eadmund 9H3 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar n.d. Acquittance n.d. King Eadgar n.d. Boundaries of Chilcomb n.d. Hallfred Saga chap. 3 Vatzdéela Saga vii. 3 ibelred ca. 98% Abelred 999 Bishop Lyfing 1038 53532323233232) O-QQQQQQQ-QD. :1 O. En. col. uu En. col. nu Liljegren no. Nielsen p. 71 Nielsen p. 71 Nielsen p. 71 Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Rygh P- Rygh P- Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p~ Rygh P- Rygh p- Rysh p- Rysh P- Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. p. 322 p. 331 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 336 p. 322 p. 336 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 193 510 ((r‘ Ohteresgo Ochtiresroth Otterstad Ottersbol Otterstorp Otherslowa Netherhampton w ?Oby Nf ?Otby Li Otter R. 80 Otterford So Otterton D Mohun's Ottery D Ottery St. Mary D Upottery D Venn Ottery D Otterden K Otterham Co Otterhampton 90 North Otterington YN Otterstad Ottersrud Ottersrud Ottestad Otterslij Otterstad Ottersnes Oddersland Otterstad Ottestad Otterstad Ostad Ottersoen n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Ottestrup) n.d. (Utterslev) n.d. (Otherhampton 1208 Cur) (Othebei DB) 1088 (Ote(s)bi DB, Ottebi c. 1115 Lis) 1088 (BCS 110k Othery) (Otriford 1225 Ass) (Otritone DB) 1088 (Otri DB) 1088 (Otri Otrei DB) 1088 (Upoteri KCD 71H) (Eenotri 1156 ff P) (Otringedene DB) 1088 (Otrham DB) 1088 (Otramestone DB, Oterhanton 1180 P) (Otrincton DB) 1088 Otterstadhum luus n.d. Othalsrud 1u75 (Ottrastadhum RB 183, 298) n.d n.d. n.d. n.d. Ottersland 1593 Ottherstade n.d (Ottherstadt DN X. 799) n.d Ottstadt, Ottestadt 1590 n.d. on A'li CPB II. 926 CPB II. 823 CPB II. 519 Gertz I. 313-5 8 2616 B 62, 2932 CPB II. nos CPB II. uoz Eornaldar sogur I. 298 Langebek I. 1su Gertz I. 319 Gertz I. 162.2 Gertz I. 168-16ff Gertz I. 175.92 En. col. 930 Gertz I. 187.15 En. col. 930 En. col. 7“? Naumann p. 18 Eornaldar Sbgur I. 260 Heimskringla I. 29 Heimskringla I. 33 CPB I. 80 CPB I. 298 CPB II. 9 CPB I. 228 Pn. col. 100 Ebrstemann col. 39 Ebrstemann col. 39 2236 ONELA ~King of the Swedes ~Son of Ongenpeow Ali, a son of 06in Ali, a famous sea king Ali, son of Dagr ?Olo Vegetus, son of Siward nephew of Harald, a sea king Onela (0n)elan, Onelan Ali hinn Erakni attacks Ubba Ali hinn Erakni Ali enn frekni OLI hinn ERACKER or ERECNE ?Olo, rex Dania 01y hin Erékne Oli hinn Eregna, son of Haraldus Oli hin frocna Ofinikas 01y Hanila Hanala, Hennala Anala, patriarch of the Geats Ala konung slain by Starkabar King Ali at Upsala Ali Upplendinga-Konungr Ali rode Hrafni to battle on the ice vs. Abils Abils was‘the renowned enemy of Ala (gen.) Ala Ali, the mightiest of men Anila, bp. of Tuy Allo Alo Thulor 1. 196 Thulor 1. 1 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Comp. Saxonis VII. 16 n.d. n.d. Skida-rima 11. 285-6 Skida-rima 1. 160 sogubrot af fornkonungum chap. 8 Chron. Erici Regis Comp. Saxonis VIII. 3 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Nomina Regum Danorum Procop. n.d. Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Jord. 60 n.d. Jord. S n.d. Iord. 65.9 n.d. Nornagests pattr chap. 8 Ynglinga Saga chap. 29 Ynglinga Saga chap. 33 Kalfs-visa 1.7 Ynglinga-tel n.d. Bragi‘s Shield Lay 11.66-7 Hyndlo-liod 1.55 572 Pd. (n.357) 667 Pd. (n.u23) 692 N. M \ ’\ N. \ Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. DO. Naumann p. 18 Porstemann col. Ebrstemann col. Porstemann col. Naumann p. 18 Wimmer Wimmer Wimmer Wimmer V. III. 8 V. 28 III. 8 18 Naumann p. 18 Naumann p. 18 Earstemann col. 63 Sweet LVD p. 159 Porstemann col. 63 En. En. En. En. En. En. En. En. En. En. En. En. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 930 69 121 188 590 1121 1298 1279 1356 1889 1672 Porstemann col. 63 182 182 83 787 Ali (runic) Ali, son of Jarl (runic) Ali (runic) Ala, father of Anuntr (runic) Ala (runic) ?Ela, son of Tusik (runic) Ala (runic) Ali, son of Svasitn (runic) Ala (runic) Ali, husband of Upu (runic) Onla (runic) Onila (fem.) Onilo Anuloni (dat.) Anila, bishop of Tuy in Spain Ali (runic) Ala (runic) Ala (runic) Ala (runic) Analo Anulo Alj ?Ona Alius Anila Anilo Analo Analo Anulo Anulo Anulo, Anul Anelo Analus Anelus Anila (fem.) Hunilo Alius, son of Alius n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Norw. 6 Sétvet n.d. St. P. n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 (n.31) n.d A. S. Hart. II n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. St. P. n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. R. p. 100 n.d. Sm. n.d. MG I. 87 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.u12) n.d. MG II. 5n? n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 257, 292, 327, 330, 362, 871 Mchb. sec. 9 (n.132, 69a) n.d. MG 1. C. Dr. (n.693) n.d. MG II. 552 n.d. Pol. R. p. 95 n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.1020)n.d. St. P. n.d. R. P. 100 n.d. Z88 Forstemann col. 63 ?Aelli C. M. Mai n.d. Ebrstemann col. 63 ?Eli Laur. sec. 9 (n.726) n.d. Edrstemann col. 63 ?Elli Wg. Tr. C. 268 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 63 ?Aellio P. V. 103 n.d. Earstemann col. 39 A110 P. III. 253 n.d. EOrstemann col. 39 A110 P. VI. 519 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 39 A110 P. IX. 688 n.d. Porstemann col. 39 A110 Pol. Irm. pp. 135, 177 d n. . Ebrstemann col. 39 A110 St. P. n.d. Edrstemann col. 39 A110 Necr. Aug. n.d. Ebrstemann col. 39 A10 St. P. twice n.d. Ebrstemann col. 39 A10 Laur. sec. 8 (n.1360, 1369) n. . Earstemann col. 39 Alla Sever. Sulpic n.d. Ebrstemann col. 39 A110 P. VI. 519 n.d. En. col. 100 Anolo Lc. (n.17) 800 Ebrstemann col. 39 A110 P. IX. sue n.d. Eorstemann col. 63 Elli Dr. (n.388) 819 Eorstemann col. 39 A10 R. (n.21) 821 En. col. 100 Anolo Tr. W. (n.251) 830 En. col. 100 Analo Tr. w. (n.161, 198) 830, 890 En. col. 100 Anulo K. (n.101) 839 En. col. 100 Analo St. G. (n.386) 883 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 157 Ali Uppdala Kappi Ketils Saga Hangs chap. u Grettis Saga chap. 95 Ali, servant of porbjorn ca. 880 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 339 Alius Asmundar Saga Kappabana chap. 1 Eornaldar sogur III. 511 Ali, king of Alfheim Illuga Saga Gribarfostra . chap. 5 Eornaldar sogur III. 209 Ali, standard bearer Gongu-Hrélfs Saga chap. 30 ca. 900 En. col. 100 Anulo MB (XIV.362) 927 Ems VIII. 903, u1u Ali Hallvarosson n.d. 0p. Isl. 011 (al. Ali) Svarthaoféason I. 639. 12 n.d. Or. Isl. Ali, father of Steinbiorn I. 690.19 n.d. En. col. 7H7 Henelo St. N. 972 Ellis DB II. 12 Ala liber homo Commend Suff. 333 1088 Mannio Ellis DB II. 12 Ala Commend. Mannio Suff. 336 1088 Ellis DB II. 18 Alli Northampt 223 1088 Staff 250b Ellis DB II. 18 Alli huscarl R. E. Buck 152 1088 Ellis DB II. 18 Alli teignus R. E. Buck lqu 1088 Bedf. 217, 218b Ala Elekks Saga, passim Ali, sonr Rikaroar Konungs n.d. af Englandi fin col. 100 Annilo Sax. (I.1.n.76) ca. 1100 Orkneyinga Saga p. 108 Ali f1. ca. 1100 Hbrkinskinna p. 819 Ali, father of piostolfr f1. ca. 1100 Heimskringla XV. 13 Ale Gskeyndr Hakons Saga fl.ca. 1120 Herdibreiba chap. 13 PLACE NAMES En. col. 100 Enilingun n.d. Earstemann col. 39 Alesleve n.d. En. col. 100 Anolofeld n.d. En. col. 100 Ennilshusa n.d. Edrstemann col. 39 Alleshusan n.d. Liljegren no. 1308 Aleback n.d. Liljegren no. 1996 Alstorp n.d. Ekwall p. 7 Althorpe Li (Aletorp DB) 1088 Ekwall p. 3 Ailby Li (Alebi DB) 1088 Ekwall p. u Alby Nf (Alabei, Alebei DB) 1088 Ekwall p. S Alethorpe Nf (Alatorp DB) 1088 Ekwall p. 19 Aylesby Li (Alesbi DB) 1088 Lindkvist p. 169 Alatorp Norf. DB 1088 Lindkvist p. 168 Alabei, Alebei Norf. DB 1088 Lindkvist p. 169 Alebi Li DB 1088 Lindkvist p. 169 Aletorp Li DB 1088 Rygh p. M Aalerud n.d. Rygh p. u Alahol n.d. Rygh p. u Aalerud n.d. Rygh p. H Aalset n.d. Rygh p. M Aalton n.d. Rygh p. u Aalrust n.d. Gertz.I. 910.18 etc. Aleburg(h), Alaburgis, ca. 1020 Alburg Ems XI. 353 Alaborg Knytlingasaga ca. 1020 Gertz I. usu Aleholm 1331 Gertz I. 185 ?Alemannia Wilhelmi Abbatis 1020 gen. Regum Danorum Gertz II. 121.10ff Eleholm in Blekingia Chron. Arch. Lund. 1818 ON Angantyr 2u86 2928, 2951 2961 1968 2387 2u75 2986 ASPR III 150 ASPR III 153 ASChr ABC wmmwmmm Starcke p. 82 Nennius para. 60 Ethelweard p. 25 Saxo V. 205 Eornaldar sogur I. 511 CPB I. 161 CPB I. 230 CPB I. 168 CPB I, 228 CPB II. 519 Eornaldar Sbgur II. Saxo VI. 238 Saxo VI. 281 Langebek I. 153 Ebrstemann col. 1156 Porstemann col. 1156 Forstemann col. 1156 Forstemann col. 88 Porstemann col. 88 ASChr ABC Sim D II. 366 215ff 290 ONGENpEOW —King of the Swedes «father of Ohthere and Onela OngeanOw Ongenbio, Ongenpio Ongenoiow Ongenbéoes (gen.) Ongenbioes (gen.) Ongendeowes (gen.) Ongenbio (dat.) Sweon Ongentheow Incgenoeow Angeltheow, son of Anglian Offa Danish King Ongendus Ongen, son of Ossa Angeltheu, ancestor of Offa Angantir, son of Arngrim Angant§r, son of Arngrim Angant9r, son of Swafrlami Angant§r, son of Arngrim the berserker Angant§r, father of Hervaor Angantir, assoc. with Ottarr Angant§r Berserker Angant§r, the DQPSQPkeP Angaterus, Anganturus, a rival with Helge for a maiden's hand Angaterus slain by Starkad Anganturum Aganteus Angatheus Angildeo Angandeo Angandeo, Agadeo, Agandeo, Agantheo Angeltheow, son of Offa I Ongeltheon n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Widsith 1.31 Widsith 1.116 Mercian gen. 626 Willibrord 710 mercian gen. 755 n.d. Hervarar Saga ok Heibreks chap.'2 Hiamlar's Death Song 1.23 Hyndlo-liod 1.89 The Waking of Angantheow Hyndlo-liod 1.33 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 1“ n.d. n.d. Chron Erici Regis n.d. n.d. n.d. Dr. (n.3u3) n.d. P. I. 198 n.d. mercian gen. 757 n.d. El. N. 250 Sweet p. 170 Langebek I. ad 896 Langebek I. 503 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 325 Eornaldar SOgur I. 322 CPB I. 389ff Eornaldar Sbgur I. 319 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 99 Eornaldar sogur II. 12“ Eornaldar Sdgur III. use Eornaldar SDgur III. uu3 ?Angengeat, son of Offa I ?Angengeoting Angandeo brother to King Hemming Angandeo, brother to Hemming Angantyr, son of Greipr Angantyr, son of Heibrekr Angantyr, ruler of the Goths Angantyr, son of Hervor Angantyr, son of Hermundr jarl af Gautland Angantyr jarl Angantyr, son of Sigurbr Angantyr, jarl of Scotland n.d. n.d. Gen. Regum merciorum mercian gen. Gen. Stirpis Regis Dan. n.d. Chron. Anschar. 811 Hromundar Saga Greipssonar chap. 1 Hervarar Saga ok Heibreks chap. 7 Hlod and Angantheow's lay n.d. Hervarar Saga ok Heibreks chap. 6 borsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 21 Eriopjéfs Saga ens Froekna chap. 5 Halfdanar Saga Brfinufostra chap. 17 Halfdanar Saga Brfinufostra chap. 5 ON Asleifr B 1198 ASChr. ABC £thelweard p .13 El. w. p. 258 El. w. p. 268 Nennius para. 61 El. w. I. 10 Sim D II. 378 Sim D II. 390 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 83 ASChr E F1. "0 BCS 77 Nennius II. 38“ BCS 585 LVD p. 1 En. col. 129 En. col. 129 Porstemann col. 109 Forstemann col. 109 Grueber p. 102ff Or. Isl. Ems VIII. 27H Dipl. Isl. I. 172 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 88, 116 BCS 3u8 Ekwall p. 335 Rygh p. 292 Rygh p. 18 En. col. 129 En. col. 129 792 DSLAE -a Danish warrior Oslaf ealdorman Oslaf slain, Oslac EE Oslaf, a Kentish Commander, killed Oslaf, son of Athelfrith Oslaf, son of Ethelfrith Oslaph, son of Echun Oslaf, son of hthelfrith of Northumbria Oslaf, son of Ethelfridus Oslaf, son of Athelfrith Oslaue (Eormanrad's queen) Oslaf, son of keelfrio, driven out Oslava, wife of Eormenred Oslauuo Oslaf, descendant of Elfwine Oslaf (?Orlaf) Oslaf Oslaib Osleib Oslef Oslev Oslaf, moneyer of ithelstan, et al. Asleif porgilsdotter Asleif buandi aslath (Oslaf?) Asleif PLACE NAMES Oslafeshlau Osleston DB Asleifsgarbr, Bygaard ?Ollestad Osleveshem Osleveshusun n.d. 568 568 n.d. Deiran gen. 593 n.d. Northumbrian gen. Deiran gen. ca. 595 n.d. n.d. Halgan be Restao ca. 617 610 680 Aebelred, King of Mercia ca. 775 Kentish gen. ca. Earl Ordlaf n.d. Nomina Regum vel Ducum, (gold) n.d. MG II. 19M n.d. MG II. 167 n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 299 n.d. Lc. (n.52) 837 925 x 1035 Landnama-boc V. 9.3, 9.6 n.d. Hislant Terra c. fl. 1128 1100 Council of Clofesho 825 (Oslavestune DB) 1088 n.d. (Allestad 1520) n.d. n.d. ON ?Skeifr B u ASPR III 150 En. col. 1308 En. col. 1308 ASChr . ABCD Asser p. 3 Prose Edda, prologus DI I. 505 Langfebga-tal Eornaldar Sbgur II. 12 Ethelweard p. 33 w. Malm p. 121 Von Eeilitzen p. 356 BCS 912 Ekwall p. 395 Ekwall p. 395 Ekwall p. 395 Ekwall p. 395 Ekwall p. 395 Rygh p. 220 Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh En. col» 1308 p. p. P. p. p. P. p. p. 220 220 221 221 221 221 221 221 293 SCEEING -appellation of Scyld Scéfing Sceafa ?Sceppo ?Sceppo Sceafing, father of Bedwig Seth (written Sceaf) father of Beduuig Seskef, son of Magi, father of Bebvig Sesef, successor to Magni Seskef or Sescef, predacessor to Bedvig Seseph, father of Beduigg Scef, predacessor of Scyld Sceaf, predacessor to Sceldius ?Sceva PLACE NAMES Sceafnesbirig ?Sheaf R ?Sheaf DB ?Sheaf YW ?Sheffield Brk ?Sheffield YW ?Skieuffuestadt ?Skeifastadir ?Skjefstad ?Skjefstad, Elverum ?Skjevestad 0 Toten ?Skjeipstad ?Skjeipstad ?Skjefstad, Leinstranden ?Skjeivstad ?Sciphingestat n.d. Widsith 1.32 Dr. (n.86) 788 Schn. 788 855 Gen. n.d. Gen. n.d. Gen. n.d. Gen. n.d. Gen. n.d. Gen. 855 Wessex gen. ca. 855 Hampshire 50 DB 1088 Will of King Eadred ante Nov. 23, 955 (Scheve 1183) (Scheth 1n ERN) (Scheaffelda 1167 P) (Scafeld DB) 1088 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Scheiiffstadh 1569) n.d. n.d. n.d. 11th c. 0N Skjbldr 8 u, 26 B 19 Langebek I. 78 Saxo I. 16-17 Saxo I. 17 Langebek I. Bu Langebek I. 78 Langebek I. 150 Langebek II. 289 Gertz I. 186.10 Gertz I. 175.9 Gertz I. 161.2 Gertz I. 167.3 Prose Edda, prologus para. 3 Gertz I. 96. 8ff Ems XI. 812-13 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 11 Skjoldungasaga CPB II. 522 CPB II. #26 DI I. 505 chap. 1 Skaldskaparmal ch. 1&0 Heimskringla I. 5 CPB II. 519 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 8 DI I. 505 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 12 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 12 298 SCYLD -mythical Danish King Scyld Scyldes (gen.) SKIOLD fillius Bogi Scioldus, King of Denmark, son of Lother SKIOLDUNGS-Danish Kings took this name from Sciold SKIOLDUS, filius Lothari SKIOLDUS filius Lotheri SKIOLD, son of Lother Skiold, son of Lotherus Skiold, son of Lother Skiold, Successor to Ldther Skyld, filius Lode Skyld, brother to Humle Skjaldun, er vér kollum Skjold SKJOLD predacessor to Frothi and Haldanum Skjoldr Obinsson Skjoldr, son of Obin Asakonungr Scioldus, son of Odin Skioldr, son of Obinn Skiaoldr, son of Obin Skiolldr, successor to Opinn Skjoldr, son of Goinn Skiold, son of Odin Skioldr, son of Skelfir Skjold, son of Skelfir Skjalldvn, called Skiolld, successor to heremeth Skjaldin (called Skjold), son of Heremoth Skjoldr, son of Voden (called 06inn) Tyrkja konungr n.d. n.d. Petri Olai Chron. Reg. Dan. n.d. n.d. Cat. Regum Danir Brevior Petri Olai Chronica Reg. Dar Chronicon Erici Regis Thome Gheysmer Incerti Auctoris Gen. Regum Danie Nomina Regum Danorum Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Reges Danorum Gen. n.d. Svenonis Aggonis chap. 1 Gen. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygoist chap. 5 n.d. Langfeoga-tal n.d. Thulor 1. 198 Gen. n.d. n.d. chap. 5 n.d. Ynglinga Saga Para. Hyndla's Lay Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Gen. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 6 n.d. Ems VIII . 2 Ehimskringla I. 51 CPB II. 196 Liljegren no. 133k E1. W. I. 71 Sim D II. 69 Win D II. 99 Asser, p. 3 ASChr . ABCD E1. w. p. 2w Ethelweard p. 33 W. Malm. p. 121 Langebek I. 558 Barber Saga Snafellsass, chap. 3-u Ems V. 239 Njals Saga chap. “1 Ems VI. 68 Sim D I. 200, 202 Ems III. 126-34 Edrstemann col. 1079 CPB I. 158 CPB I. 308 Rygh p. 223 BCS 2u3 BCS 36? BCS 380 BCS “23 BCS 611 BCS 633 Skjaldi Herméosson Skioldr, king of Varna Skialdar (gen.) Skalt (Scyld?) Sceldwea, ancestor of Alfred Seldwa, ancestor of Alfred Sceldwa, ancestor of Alfred Sceldwea, predacessor to Heremod Sceldwea (A) Scyldwa (B) Sceldwa (C) Scealdhwa (D), predecessor to Heremod Sceadwala, ancestor of Woden Scyld, successor to Scef Sceldius, successor to Sceaf Scold Princeps Skjoldr bondi Skjoldr Skjoldr Skjbldfingr Scaldingi (the Danes) Skjaldis Sciltung Skiaoldunga Skiaoldunga Skialdarson PLACE NAMES SCILDUUIC Scealdefordan ET SCELDES EORDA ET SCEALDAN FLEOTE Scealdeburnan scyldmere Gen.g n.d. Ynglinga-Saga chap. 51 Arnor VI. 56 n.d. n.d. 899 gen. Wessex gen. 8H9 Wessex gen. 898 Gen. 899 Gen. 85$ Gen. n.d. Gen. 855 ca. 855 Wessex gen. Chron. Anschar. 861 n.d. n.d. fl. 950-975 n.d. n.d. n.d. P. III. 90 Western Volsung Lay 78 n.d. Short Brunhild Lay 58 n.d. Dn II. 189 1329 King Ealmund of Kent 78k King Cenulf 821 Archbishop Wulfred 829 for 838 Council of Kingston 838 Bishop Denewulf 909 Abelfled of Mercia 916 (878 for) BCS 635 BCS 682 BCS 758 BCS 868 BCS 879 BCS 912 BCS 917 BCS 1219 Liljegren no. KCD 72M Ekwall p. 398 Ekwall p. 398 Ekwall p. 39k Ekwall p. 398 Ekwall p . 3 91; Ekwall p. 39H Ekwall p. 399 Ekwall p. 396 Ekwall p. 396 Ekwall p. 398 Ekwall p. 808 Nielsen p. 85 Nielsen p. 85 Nielsen p. 85 Nielsen p. 85 Rygh p. 223 En. col. 1307 En. col. 1307 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. CPB II. 217.25 389 296 scealdan crundle Scyldmere Scealdan ford scyleford scealdan fleot Scealdeburnan scyldes treo7e Scealdeburnanstoce Skylstad Sceldes heafda Shalbourne W Shalcombe Wt Shalden Ha Shalfleet Wt Shalford Ess Shalford SR Shalstone Sheldwich K Shelswell O Shillingthorpe Li Skellingthorpe Li Skjoldelev Skjoldemose Skjoldborg Skjoldenes Skjeldestad Schiltasdorf Sciltenkeim Skialdabiarnarvik Skialdey Skylda-leif King Eadward 921 King Eoelstan 931 King Eadmund 990 King Eadred 998 King Eadred 999 Will of King Eadred ante Nov. 23, 955 King Eadwig 955 King Eadgar 978 for 968 n.d. Leofsine 1016 (Scealdeburnam BCS 912) (Shaldecumbe 128u BM) (Scealdedeninga gemere KCD 783) (Scealdan fleote BCS u23) (Scaldefort DB) 1088 (Scaldefor DB) 1088 (Scaldestona c 1130 Oxf) (Scilduuic BCS 293) (Scildeswelle DB) 1088 (Scheldintorp 1193P)1088 (Scheldinchope, Schellingop DB) 1088 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Skialdastobum 1319) n.d. n.d. Landnama—boc II. 28.1 Landnama—boc II. 9.3 n.d. ON Sigmundr B 875 B 888 CPB II. 826 Eloamanna Saga chap. 1 Or. Isl. CPB II. 527 Volsunga Saga p. 35 Ems VIII. 2 Volsunga Saga p. an Volsunga Saga pp. 96-7 Volsunga Saga p. 99 Volsunga Saga p. 50-1 Volsunga Saga p. 51 Volsunga Saga p. 51 Volsunga Saga p. 51 Volsunga Saga p. 60 Volsunga Saga p. 62 Volsunga Saga pp. 65-6 Eornaldar SBgur I. 259 Eornaldar SBgur I. 259 Eornaldar Sdgur I. 259 CPB I. 155 h) (C d SIGEMUND -son of Waels -uncle and father of Eitela Sigemunde(s) (gen.) Sigemunde (dat.) Sigmundr, an alias of Obin Sigmundr volsungsson Sigmundr Volsungsson, mythical king Sigmundr konungr Vavlsungs son Sigmund, son of Volsung King of Hunland Sigmundr Volsungsson Sigmund fathers Sinfjotli on his twin sister Signy Sigmund and Sinfjotli assume wolf form 10 days and slay men Sigmund and Sinfjotli entombed alive by King Siggeir Sigmund & Sinfjotli burn down Siggeir's hall with everyone in it, avenging Volsung Sigmund returns to Hunland Sigmund marries Borghild Sigmund has sons Helgi & Hamund Sigmund marries Hjordis daughter of King Eylimi 06in breaks Sigmund's sword; Sigmund slain in battle Sigurd fafnis-bane born (posthumously) to Hjordis and Sigmund Sigmundi V51sungssyni Sigmundr has son Sinfjotla by Borhildi Sigmundr has son Helgi Hundingsbane by Eylima Sigmundr escapes from stone cave with Sinfaotli n.d. n.d. Thulor 1. 135 n.d. Mantissa 5. 1 n.d. Helgi and Cara n.d. n.d. Gen. n.d. n.d. Nornagests pattr chap. 5 Nornagests battr chap. 5 Nornagests pattr chap. 5 The Western Wolsung Lay CPB II. 528 CPB I. 132 CPB I. 155 CPB I. 261 CPB I. 227 En. col. 13 CPB I. 318 Naumann p. Naumann p. Eornaldar Sbgur II. 9 En. col. 13 CPB II. 519 60 60 30 Sweet, Gen. p. 179 Naumann p. CPB II. 590 Earstemann Edrstemann Edrstemann Earstemann Porstemann Porstemann Liljegren no. Liljegren no. Liljegren no. Liljegren no. Liljegren no. 60 -1 col. col. col. col. col. col. 1096 1096 1096 1096 1096 1096 733 1082 1111 1025 1571 Jacobsen 8 Moltke no. 325 Jacobson 8 Moltke no. 398 LVD p. 20 298 Sigmundr Vavlsungs son Konungr i Erakklandi falls in battle with Hunding's sons Sigmundr, father of Helgi Sigmundr is father of Sigurbr Sigmundr 8 Sinfiaotli commanded by Obin to welcome Eirekr to Obin's hall. Sigmundi given a sword Sigimund, Segimund, Segemund ships of Sigmundr leave shore Sigimundus Cheruscer Sigismundus Sigmund, son of Sigar Sigimund, bp of Mainz Sigmundar (gen.). son of Sigarr sigemund sigeharding Sigismundus Sigmund, son of Sigurbr Sigimont (Dr. Sigimunt) Sighimund Sigimunt Sighimund Sigimund Sigimunt (Schn. Sigismunt) Sikmunt (runic) Sikmunpr, son of Ihul (runic) Sikmfit (runic) Sikmunt (runic) Sigmuntr (runic) Si(k)mtr (runic) Sikmut (runic) Sigimund Era dauba Sinfiotla n.d. Helga-Kviba The Western Wolsung Lay Eriksmal n.d. Hundloliod n.d. Marius p. 31, 522, 523, 529 Gubrunar-Kviba in Eorna n.d. Tac. Ann. I. 71. 57 n.d. Greg. III. 5 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 ca. 600 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. n.d. item de regibus orient seaxonum n.d. Iord. 13k n.d. Sigfred Saga n.d. Schn. 758 K. (n.9) 768 Schn. 765 Ng. 778 Ng. 786, 788, 806 Dr. 796 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) 2539 LVD p. 26 Sigmund Nomina Clericorum n.d. (gold) Edrstemann col. 1096 ' Sikemunt Ng. 806 En. col. 1330 Sichimund MG II. 299 n.d. En. col. 1330 Sichimunt MG II. 311 n.d. En. col. 1330 Sigemund MG II. 209 n.d. En. col. 1330 Sigemund MG II. 156 n.d. En. col. 1330 Sigemunt MG many n.d. En. col. 1330 Segemund MG II. 156 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigimund P. I. 190 n.d. Earstemann col. 1096 Sigimund P. III. 561 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigimund P. V. 736, 781 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigimund Greg. Tur. III. 5 n.d. Edrstemann col. 1096 Sigimund Laur. repeatedly n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigimunt St. P. n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigemund P. I. 525 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigemund P. II. 208 n.d. Edrstemann col. 1096 Sigemund P. V. 35 note n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Sigemund Pol. Irm. pp. 96, 13un.d. Porstemann col. 1096 Sigemund Laur. often n.d. Porstemann col. 1096 Sigemunt Laur. often n.d. Edrstemann col. 1096 Segemund P. II. 288 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1096 Simund P. IX. 302 n.d. Eornaldar Sbgur I. 299 Sigmundr Kaupangskappi sogubrot af fornkonungum chap. 8 Naumann p. 60 Segemundus M. L. as n.d. CPB I. 353 Sigmundr Kaupangs-Kappi Heroic Muster Rolls Saxo VIII. 311 Sygmundus, son of Bemo, n.d. retainer of Harald Saxo VIII. 313 Simundus, a champion n.d. advocate of the Swedes BCS HON Sigemund presbiter Eadwald n.d. BCS 906 Sigemund Archbishop Ceolnob 833 (831 for) BCS #17 Sigemund Badanob Beotting 837 BCS 995 Sigemund Archbishop Oswulf sun BCS 896 Sigemund King Ebelberht 858 Keary'I. 98, 127—9 Sigemund, moneyer to Eadmund ca. 865 the martyr BCSIS16 Sigemund presbyter King ibelred of Wessex 867 Eornaldar SBgur III . 802 Eornaldar sogur III . 88 3 En. col. 1330 Dipl. Isl. I. 82 BCS 1017 0r.Isl. Or. Isl. Eornaldar Sbgur III. 811 0r. Isl. Birbar Saga Snafellsiss Or. Isl. Or. Isl. El6amanuus Saga chap. 8 Isl. Isl. Isl. Isl. Isl. Or. Isl. Njals Saga chap. 105 Bier Saga Snafellsass chap. 3 Eornaldar Sdgur III . 328-9 Or. Isl. Egils Saga Skallagri- mssonar chap. 29 Or. Isl. E16amanna Saga chap. 29 Iangebek II. 188 30() Sigmundr Hlbbvesson Sigmundr, son of Angantyr Sikemunt Sigmundum Symon Sigmundr, a freedman of Skalla-Grimr Sigmundr, father of Gobrfin Sigmundr, brother to Eysteinn Sigmundr Ketilsson pistils Sigmundr Ketilsson pistils Sigmundr Ketilsson pistils Sigmundr Siguatzson ens Rauba Sigmundr Sighvatsson ens rauba Sigmundr a Vestfold Sigmundr porkelsson ens Hava Sigmundr p6rkelsson ?Simon Sigmundr Cleyker Onundarson Bildz Sigmundr Gnfipa-Barbarson Sigmund, son of Gnfipa—Bard Sigmundr Barbarson Sigmundr, son of Halfdan Sigmundr goangomabr Sigmundr Sigmundr Valsson (al. Valason) Sigmundr Sigmundar, porl. sun bondi Halfdanar Saga Eysteinssonar chap. 2 870 x 930 Halfdanar Saga Brunofostra chap. 5 St. G. (n.658) 887 Stephanus episc. 891 Thurketel n.d. Landnama-boc II. 8.8 ca. 900 Genealogies 8. 18 ca. 900? Halfdanar Saga chap. 10 Eysteinarsonar Landnama-boc II. 6.1 6. 8: III. 22.6 Carlsemne 1.1 Landnama-boc V. 8.7: 5.2 7.2 n.d. Landnama-boc III: 9.8 Viga-Glums Saga 2. 1-2 seq. ca. 920 Landnama-boc II. 6.8 Landnama-boc IV 17.2; 18.7 V 7.2 Landnama-boc III .17.2; 21.1: IV 15.5 Genealogies A. 31; 38 f1. ca. 930 ca. 930 sorla Saga Sterka chap. 18 Holmverja Saga 8. 2-8; 6.3 ca. 930 Landnama-boc IV. 19.1 ca. 930 n.d. Annal. Island. 988 301 Viglundar Saga chap. 3, 17Sigmundr Eiriksson Valle-Lists Saga Valle—Ljots Saga chap. 8, 5 Njils Saga chap. 81 Or. Isl. Njals Saga chap. 7 En. col. 1330 Njals Saga chap. 38 Ems II. 91 Or. Isl. Liber Eliensis p. 108 Or. Isl. etc. Or. Isl. En. col. 1330 En. col. 1330 Nielsen p. 82 EAE II. 566 Ellis DB II. 388 Ellis DB II. 388 Ellis DB II. 218 Ellis DB II. 218 LVD p. 57 LVD p. 58 Orkneyinga Saga pp. 181, etc. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. LVD p. 63 LVD p. 62 LVD p. 62 LVD p. 35 Nielsen p. 82 LVD p. 85 Sigmundr, Karlsson hins Raube Sigmundr, fostbrobir porgrimssona Sigmundr, son of Lambi Sigmundr Lambason Sigmund Ozurarson Seymund Sigmund Sigffisson Sigmundr, brother to porbjarn gotuskeggs Sigmundr p6rbeinsson Simundus, son of Omundus Sigmundr, father of Niall i Skégom Sigmundr Brestisson Sigmundr pérgilsson Seymund Seimund Sygmundus Sigemund, Simund, man of Earl Leofric Simond', Simund homo Hepponis balistarii Simon teinus Eduini Comitis Simond danus Simund Simundus Sigmundr Ongull Sigmundr Sigmundr Ormsson Simund Escoll' Simundus Simundus Simundus Sigmundus Simundus n.d. n.d. n.d. fl. 950-975 Genealogies A. 7 fl. 960 St. M. 962 fl. 970 n.d. Thorsness Settlement 8.3 ca. 970 ca. 975 Landnama-boc V 2.2 ca. 1000 ca. 1000 Cristne Saga 10.10 ca. 1000 St. M. 1002 St. M. 1006 Brav. 11th c. ca. 1055 Essex. 37 1088 Line. 369 twice 1088 Worc. 176b. 1088 Warw 282b. 1088 12th c hand 12th c hand fl. 1152 Thorgisl 7.2 1189 x 1200 Pols Saga 15.2 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand 12th or 13th c. hand SRD 1200 13th c. hand Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall p. 803 p. 803 p. 803 p. 803 p. 803 p. 803 p. 803 Lindkvist p. 38 Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh p. p. p. p. P. p. Nielsen Nielsen Or. Or. 0r. Isl. Isl. Isl. 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 218 p. 82 p. 82 302 PLACE NAMES Simonburn Nb Simonside Du Simonside Nb Simonstone La Simonstone YN Simonswood La Symondsbury DO Simundedeile Li Simonhjellen ?Semundset ?Semundset Simavik Simenrud Simarud Semmerud Symonarud Simenstad Sigmundmnes Simengaard Simenrud Simenstad Simonstad Simonstad Sennumstad Sigmundstad Simmenes Sygmundebole Simmendrup Sigmundar-haugr Sigmundar nes Sigmundarstaber (Simundeburn 1229Ep) (Simundset 12) (Simundessete 1279 Ass) (Simondestan 1278 Ass) (Simundestan 119Sff. P) (Simundeswude 1207 P) (Simondesberge DB 1088) 1312 Ch. R n.d. (Semundsetter 1590) (Somonsetter) n.d. n.d. n.d. (Sigmundarrud RB 888)n.d. (Simonarud R8 881) n.d. n.d. (Sigmundastaudum) 1337 1356 (Sigmundagardh 1805) n.d. n.d. (Simondstad 1601) (Symundstad 1601) (Semondstad 1611) (Sigmundstad 1520) (Simmonsnes 1610) (Simmerbdlle) n.d. n.d. Landnama-boc II. 6.3 Landnama-boc II. 8.8 Landnama-boc I. 10.6 \rx 0N Svertingr 8 1203 Langebek II. 318 Nennius para. 61 Langebek I. 226 Langebek I. 153 Gertz I. 287.20 Saxo VI. 228 Saxo VI. 232 Gertz I. 52.23 Gertz I. 291.10 Gertz I. 295-7 LVD p. 61 LVD p. 70 Liljegren no. 298 Liljegren no. 836 Liljegren no. 909 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Barbar Saga Snafellsass chap. 10 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Ems IX. 28, 80 etc. Grueber p. 201ff chap. 77 303 SWERTING -uncle or grandfather of Hygelac Swertinges (gen.) Svartingum, ruler of Saxony Sguerthing, son of Soemil Swartlyng Swertingus, slayer of Erothi Suartingus, regulus Saxoniae rebels vs Protho hin thagen Swerting, King of Saxony rebels vs Fridleif Swerting kills and is killed by Protho IV Swarthingus slain by King Erothi Swerting's sons give sister to Ingellus Seven sons of Swerting killed by Ingellus Suartinus Suartin Svartflnk (runic) Svertiker (runic) Svirtikr (runic) Svertingr, father of Grim e I Svertingr Grimsson Svertingr Hafr-Biarnarson Svertingr Hafrbjarnarson Svertingr Hiorleifsson Svertingr Hrolleifson (al. Hiaorleifsson) e Svertingr Swertinc or Swyrtinc, moneyer of Ethelred II. et al. n.d. Thoma Gheysmeri Deiran gen. n.d. Annal. Esrom. Chron. Erici Regis Comp. Saxonis VI. 3 Chron. Lethrense chap. 9 Comp. Saxonis VI. 6 Comp. Saxonis VI. 9 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. ca. 980 Landnama-boc II. 20.2: III. 15.5 Gen. A. 1n Landnama-boc I. 10.3: IV. 17 Cu Hungrvaca 8.1 n.d. Landnama—boc V. 9.8 Landnama-boc V. 9.8; 16.3 Mantissa 5.5. n.d. 979 x 1066 Grueber p. 201ff Heimskringla Or. Isl. Ems II. 206, 210, 232-3 Ems X. 298 Nielsen p. 90 Grueber p. 333ff Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis D8 D8 DB D8 D8 D8 D8 I. 886 II. II. II. II. II. II. 219 231 231 231 231 231 Ellis DB II. 231 Ellis DB II. 231 Ellis DB II. 231 Ellis DB II. 232 Ellis D8 I. 888 Ellis DB I. 888 Ellis DB I. 888 Ellis DB II. 391 Ellis DB II. 391 Ellis DB II. 391 Nielsen p. 90 Rygh p. 281 Rygh p. 283 Nielsen p. 90 Or. Isl. 308 Swartinc, moneyer of Ethelred II et al. Svertingr, son of Runolf Svertingr Rfinolfsson Svertingr Runélfsson Svertingr Runélfsson Svitink (runic) Swearting or Sweartling, moneyer of Edward the confessor Soartin Soartinus Suartin Suartin p. Griboldi Suartinc Suartinc liber homo Suarting Suarting homo Asgari stalre Suertingus Suartinus Suertingus Suardinc Suartinc Suarting et Herding Suarting Suertin Suerting Svertin PLACE NAMES Svartungstad Svertingstad Swertinsthorp, Skane Svertings-staber 979 x 1066 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 88, 102 ca. 997 Landnama-boc V. 13.6 Cristne Saga 6.3; 7.1 ca. 997 ca. 1000 ca. 1000 Runemdnt 11th c. 1082 x 1066 Hants 58 1088 Hants 58 1088 Hants 39b 1088 Linc. 336 1088 Linc. 336 1088 Norf. 206b. 1088 Hants 51 1088 Buck 189b. 1088 Suff. 318, 882b, 883b 1088 Northampt 227 1088 Suff. 803 1088 Linc. 336 1088 Linc. 335 1088 Bucks 153 1088 Buck 189b 1088 Buck 188b 1088 Buck 189b. 150 twice1088 Lund 12th c. n.d. n.d. n.d. Landnama-boc V. 6.1 B 899, 1165 B 1888 B 530 BCS 8 BCS 38 BCS 39 Pl. W. I. 55 Sweet, gen. p. 168 ASChr. ABCDE ASChr. BCS 178 BCS 179 BCS 180 El. W. I. 56 BCS 197 Edrstemann col. 759 En. col. 1879 Earstemann col. 1213 En. col. 1879 E1. W. p. 233 El. 8. p. 376 LVD p. 12 LVD p. 17 LVD p. 36 LVD p. 83 BCS 312 KCD 1028 En. C01. 1879 3()S UNEERO -courtier (thyle) of Hrobgar HVN fero, hun ferp hunferb (acc.) hun ferb (voc.) Hunfridi episcopi Humfridus episcopus Humfridus episcopus Hunfridus takes bishOpric of Winchester hunfrib Hunferb takes bishopric (Unferb E) Hunferpe succeeded by Cyneheard Hunferdo Hunfrib...episcopus Hunfridus...episcopus Hunfertho dies Hunfrith Hunefred Unifrid Unforaht, Unforath Unifrid Hunferthus, 7th bishop of Elmham Hunfrithus, 7th bishop of Winchester Hunfrith Hunfrib Hunfrith Hunferb (hunferd in Sweet) Hunfrib diaconus hunfrib diaE Unfred next to Umfred n.d. n.d. n.d. Aethelberht n.d. Eritheuuald, ante 675 Eritheuuald 675 788 In uenta' civitate 788 758 Council of Clovesho 787 King Cuthred 789 King Cuthred 789 758 King Alduulf of Sussex n.d. Mab. 770 Be. (n.27) ca. 775 Ng. 775 Earf. (n.129, 135) 780, 781 n.d. n.d. Nomina Presbyterorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Diaconorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Monachorum n.d. (silver) Nomina Monachorum n.d. Council of Clofesho Oct. 12, 803 Archbp. Ebelheard Oct. 12, 803 St. G. (n.187) 806 5d 3 \ . .... 306 En. col. 932 Huonfrid Nass. (n.87) 810 BCS 332 Hunferb presbiter Archbishop Uulfred Apr. 21, 811 En. col. 1879 Unfrid St. G. (n.219) 816 Ebrstemann col. 1218 Unfrid Ng. 818 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 17 Hunfrib episcopus Nomina Episcoporum n.d. Occidentalium Saxonum El. W. p. 233 Hunferthus, 9th bishop n.d. of Elmham BCS 375 Hunferdus, electus ca. 820 _ Helmamensis Earstemann col. 759 Untfrid, Hunfrid, P. I. 210 823 Hunfrid, Huntfrid BCS 381 Hunferb presbiter Archbishop Wulfred July 23, 828 BCS 388 Hunferf presbiter Council of Clofesho 825 BCS 398 Hunfridus abbas King Ethelwlf 827 Finberg 1968 682 Hunfrith abbas Ethelwulf 888 En. col. 1879 Unfrid MG many n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrid P. I. 210 n.d. Ebrstelann col. 759 Hunfrid P. I. 858f n.d. Edrstemann col. 7S9 Hunfrid P. II. 597 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrid P. II. 627 n.d. Ebrsteeann col. 759 Hunfrid P. III..851, 858 n.d. Ebrstenann col. 759 Hunfrid P. III. 869 n.d. Ebretemann col. 759 Hunfrid P. V. often n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrid P. VI. 887f n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrid P. VII-IX often n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrid Laur. sec. 8 (n.2355, 2688) n.d. En. col. 932 Hunfrid, Hunfred MG often n.d. En. col. 932 Hunofrit GI. IV. 387 n.d. En. col. 932 Hunfred MG IV, T.I. 99 n.d. En. col. 932 Hunfrith MG IV. T. I. 86 n.d. En. col. 932 Hunfrith MG I. 289 n.d. En. col. 932 Huntfrid for Humfrid P. I. 210 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrid St. P. twice n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrith P. V. 89 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 759 Hunfrith P. V. 96 n.d. Porstemann col. 759 Hunvrid P. VI. 818 n.d. Earstemann col. 759 Hunfrid P. VII, IX often n.d. Parsteeann Ebrstemann Edrstemann Ebrstemann Ebrsteeann col. col. col. col. col. En. col. 1879 Earstemann Ebrstemann Ebrstenann Earstemann Earstemann Ebrstemann Earstemann Earsteeann Edrstemann BCS 869 BCS 896 Edrstemann BCS 507 Grueber pp. 32, col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. En. col. 932 En. col. 932 Pn. col. 932 En. col. Ebrstemann Grueber p. Keary I. 79, 81 1879 col. 10 En. col. 932 En. col. 932 Ebrstemann Ebrstemann Ecrstemann Langebek II. 19 Parstemann col. col. col. col. 759 759 759 759 759 1213 1213 1213 1218 1218 1218 1218 1218 1218 759 80, 83 1218 759 759 759 759 307 Hunfrid Homfryd Huntfrid for Hunfrid Untfrid for Hunfrid Huntfritnus Umfred Unforht Unfort Unvoraht Unfrid Unfrid Unfrit Umfrid Umfrid Umfrid Huneferb abbas Hunfred ?Hunfriard Hunfred Hunfred or Hunfreo, moneyer of Aelfred Hunfrid Hunfrid ' Hunfred Unfrid Unfrid HVNERED, moneyer of Plegmund Hunferb, a moneyer of Plegmund Hunfrid Hunfrid Hunfrid Humfrid Hunfrid anredus Hunfrit St. P. thrice P. I. 180 P. I. 865 D. Council P. V. 89 MG III. 7 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Mchb. sec. 9 (n.312, 528) n.d. Mchb. sec. 9 (n.633) n.d. Gld. II. a. P. IX. 766 St. P. n.d. n.d. n.d. Mchb. sec. 9 (n.893) n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 (n.78) St. PO Pol. R. p. 52 n.d. n.d. n.d. King Ebelwulf of Wessex Apr. 22, 858 King Ebelberht Conc. Confluent 858 860 King Ebelberht of Wessex 863 871 x 925 St. G. (n.556) 872 St. G. (n.576, 582) 873, 878 St. G. (n.596) 876 St. G. (n.-20) 882 K. (n.156) 882 890 x 918 890 x 918 Ng (n.635) 902 St. G. (n.760) 909 Gud. 909 Lc. (n.108) 958 Gud. 998 Orig. Gentis et Princ. Norman. M. a. (VI) ca. 1070 Inqu. Com. Cant. Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis DB II. DB II. DB II. DB I. DB I. DB II. DB I. DB I. DB I. DB I. DB I. DB I. DB I. 381 381 289 383 388 306 838 838 838 838 838 838 838 308 Hunfridus de Anseuilla Hunfridus Hunfridus (or Humfridus) Hunfridus Ansleuille Humfr de Bohum Hunfridus de Bvivile Humfridus de Cuelai Hunfridus Coquus Hunfridus frater Aiulfi oamerarii Hunfridus loripes Hunfridus filius Albi Hunfridus Hunfridus filius Alberici Hunfridus Camerarius 1087 Linc. 236 1088 Warw. 288 thrice Staff. 288b. Chesh. 268b. twice 266 Yorksh. 315b. 316, 317 Essex, 10b, 11b, 58b, 72, 75b, 79b Norf. 258, 258, 259, 259b twice. 260, 260b thrice 261, 262b 279b Suff. 298b, 295, 305b, 315b 325, 325b, 327b 329b twice 330, 369, 398, 398b Sussex. 22b. 1088 Hants. 52b, 53 Wilts. 66b, 71 twice Dors. 79, 79b, 82 Somers. 89, 92b, 98 Cornw. 125 Hertf. 133b twice 138, 136b, 139 twice Buck. 186b twice Oxf. 155b, 156 Glouc. 162b, 163b, passim Cambr. 197b, passim 200 twice Hunt. 205b Bedf. 210 Northampt. 223 passim 223b Hertf. 132 1088 Norf. 262b 1088 Heref. 187 1088 Norf. 173, 179 1088 Glouc. 170 1088 Hants. 52 1088 Kent. 1 1088 Norf. 262 1088 Hants. 53b 1088 Wilts 78b Somers. 99 Suff. 83b 1088 Surr. 36b 1088 Hants. 89 Berks. 63 Wilts. 73 Dors. 83 Somers. 98b Glouc. 170 Leic. 236 Suff. 833 Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. LVD p. DB D8 D8 D8 DB DB DB DB DB DB D8 D8 DB D8 D8 82 83 55 99 10 10 II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. II. I. I. II. II. 1 7 381 381 382 382 382 382 382 802 816 382 382 852 899 800 800 Edrstemann col. En. col. En. col. En. col. 1879 1879 1879 Hunfridus Hunfridus Hunfridus Hunfridus Hunfridus Hunfridus Camerarii Hunfridus de Burun 309 camerarius filius Alberici aurei testiculi filius R. filius Roderici frater Aiulfi homo Ernegis meridus filius Roberti meridus filius Roberti (meridus, Humfridus) Hunfridus tison Hunfridus de War Hunfridus Hunfridus Hunfridus Hunfridus Unfridus Hunfridus Unfridus ?Amfridus Unfridus homo Gisleberti homo Willielmi de Medehal Vis De Lew Uis De Leuu Uisdelupo anridus de Escovile Humfridus de Lincolnia PLACE NAMES Honfridinga Unfridingun Unfridestat Unfridesdorf Surr. 30b Leic. 230b Suff. 817 Essex. 100b Suff. 318b Suff. 398 Hants. 52 Yorksh. 328 Suff. 315D Suff. 318b Yorksh. 326b Suff. 381D Glouc. 170 Berks. 63 Berks. 56 Berks. 56 Hants. 50b 12th or 13th c. 12th or.13th c. hand early 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 13th c. hand 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 Nomina Regum vel Ducum 13th c. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.- on ?Vali s 897 r1. 8. p. 287 cps I. as CPB II. 630 cps 1. 98 ?Valr CPB I. 183 Eloamanna Saga chap. 1 Volsunga Saga chap. 2 Volsunga Saga chap. 2 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 9 CPB II. 836 CPB II. 71 CPB I. 78 CPB I. 80 Earstemann col. 1230 Liljegren no. 901 Liljegren no. 1203 Ebrstemann col. 1230 En. col. 1515 Ebrstemann col. 1230 En. col. 1518 En. col. 1518 En. col. 1518 En. col. 1518 En. col. 1515 En. col. 1515 En. col. 1515 EOrstemann col. 1230 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Pdrstemann col. 1230 Ecrstemann col. 1230 31() wZLs -father of Sigemund Walses eafera (gen.) Wale, ancestor of Woden Vali Vali Vala Vala, son of Rindr Vblsungr Konungr Rerson, father of Sigmundr Volsung, son of Rerir, King of Hunland Volsung, father of Sigmund and Signy Vblsung, father of Signy Valr, a horse Vali Valr Vali (a horse) Walao Valr (runic) Val, uncle of Ketil Valo Walo Ual Wallo Wallo Wala Valo Walo Walo Wale Wala Wala Wala Wala Wala Wala n.d. n.d. Vafprubnis-mal 1.202 1.85 The Lay of Svipdag 8 Menglad 1.22 Balder's Doom 1.81 Gen. Volospa in Skamma n.d. n.d. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 Thulor 26.558 Holmgongo-bersi 1.25 porgrims-pula 1.2 Kalfs-visa 1.5 Ng. 680-690 n.d. n.d. Ng. 806 St. G. (n.191) 806 Le. (n.80) 820 P. XXIII. 739 n.d. MG I. 82 n.d. MG III. 38-83 n.d. MG many n.d. Necr. Gladb p. 6 n.d. MG I. 283 n.d. MG I. 392 n.d. P. I. 518 n.d. P. I. 593 n.d. P. II. often n.d. P. III. often n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 252, 325, 838 n.d. Pol. R. p. 52 n.d. .2 art \F. \ .3 We and Wax .\s i H‘ ‘1 311 Earstemann col. 1230 Walo P. I. 520, 593, n.d. 607, 609 Earstemann col. 1230 Walo P. II. often n.d. Earstemann col. 1230 Walo P. V. often n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Walo P. VI. 237 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Walo P. VI. 289 n.d. Earstemann col. 1230 Walo P. VII. 553 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Walo P. VIII often n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Walo P. X. 165f n.d. Earstemann col. 1230 Walo P. X. 286, 355ff n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Wal P. VIII. 667, 677 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Wal P. IX 332, 385 n.d. Edrstemann col. 1230 Wal Wg. Tr. C. 281, 283ff d n. . Earstemann col. 1230 Val P. V. 880 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Wallo P. V. 218 n.d. Edrstemann col. 1230 Wallo Mchb sec. 9 (n.306) n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Wallo Wg. Tr. C. 383 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Oalo Gld II. a. 108 n.d. Edrstemann col. 1230 Guala P. V. 511 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Guala P. IX often n.d. EOrsteeann col. 1230 Gualo P. V. 168 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1230 Goalus Pol. Irm. p. 89 (sec. 1;) n. . En. col. 1518 Wallo Dr. (n.552) 888 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Wala Conc. Pontigon 876 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Wala H. (n.112) 878 Or. Isl. Vale enn Sterke fl. 870 x 930 Viglundar Saga 0r. Isl. Valr (al. Vali) Landnama-boc IV. 16.1; 19.1 Lobmundarson Or. Isl. Valr poresson Vibleggs Eyrbyggia Saga chap. 18, 29 Or. Isl. Vile a Vilasta06om Cormacs Saga chap. 7ff chap. 6 Bandamanma Saga I. 1 Vali, father of Alfarinn Vali, father of porgerér at Reykjum Landnama-boc II. 5.9 Landnama-boc II. 7.1 Landnama-boc II. 8.3 n.d. Bandamanna Saga, passim Vali, friend of Oddr Egils Saga Skallagrims- Vali Ketilsson ca. 980? sonar chap. 77 En. col. 1518 Nielsen p. 108 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Langebek I. 338 Ebrstemann col. 1230 Ellis DB II. 806 Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. Ellis DB II. 805 Liljegren 992 Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren Liljegren KCD 816 Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Ekwall Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rysh p. no . no. no. 110. no. no. “0. no. no. 869 869 869 871 871 871 p. p. p. p. p. p. p. 871 p. 871 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 806 806 805 228, 760, $29 791 812 896 1128 1237, 1668 1635 1687, 1731 312 Wale Val Wallo ‘ Val, BishOp of Ripensis Wal Walo Walo homo Gozelini filii Lanberti Walo homo Hugonis filii Baldrici Wala Walfi, Sacerdos Vicecomitis PLACE NAMES Walby Walamby Wale harad Walstad Wilsta Wallby Wallsjb socken Waltorp Walstena Walsleg Walesby Li Walesby Nt Walshcroft Li ?Walsden La N. Walsham Nf S. Walsham Nf Walsham 1e Winows Sf ?Walsworth Gl Valstad skedsmo Valstad Nes Valstad S. Odalen Valstad Lier Vallestad Holmedal Vallestad Kinn Valstad Orkedalen Ng. (n.817) Reich 11th c. H. (n.160) Annales Barth. Ms. (n.21) Sussex 18b. 19 Linc. 359 Yorksh. 327b. Norf. 117 Norf. 118 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Eadweard, (Walesbi DB) (Walesbi DB) (Walescros DB) (Walseden 1235ff) (Walsam DB) (Walessam Walesham) (Walsam DB) (Walesam DB) 972 1031 1038 1089 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 May 20, 1065 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 1088 (Waleswurthe 1221 Ass) (Vallastadom 1377) (Vallastadum 1378) (Vallastadhom) (from Vallastadum) (Wallastader 1890) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. A! ._ Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Rygh p. Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Nielsen Or. Isl. Or. Isl. 278 278 275 275 275 275 275 p. p. p. p. p. 108 108 108 108 108 313 Valstad N. Stjordalen Valstad Vardalen Valaskioll Valastadhom Valabudh Valset Oksendalen Valset Orlandet Valsgérd Valsbél Vallerdd Vallebo Valle Vale-fall Vala-staber (from Vallestadh) (from Vallestad) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Valaruth) (Wallebothe) (Valldffue) Cormacs Saga 16 Cormacs Saga 7 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. III: ). I. 0;; Vclsungr volsUnge Saga chap. 2 Volsunga Saga chap. 2 loamdnna Saga chap. 1 éidar Sbgur II. 9 1:!‘93 $19 $82 1555 1555 1555 1555 871 871 563 871 318 WAELSING -son of Waels -(Sigemund) Walsinges (gen.) Volsung, son of Rerir, King of Hunland Volsung, father of Sigmund and Signy Vblsungr Konungr Rerson, father of Sigmundr VBIBung, father of Signy Volsfingr Sigason Volsunga Vaolsunga Vaolsungum Vaolsungr ungi Volsungr ungi Volsungs Konungs (gen.) Vélsungi i Erakklandi ?Welisung ?Welisune ?Welisinch ?Welisinch PLACE NAMES Walsingaham Great Walsingham Nf Little Walsingham Nf Walsingham Nf n.d. n.d. n.d. gen. n.d. Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 2 gen. n.d. Bragi's Shield Lay 1. 56 Helgi and Sigrun 1.217 Hyndlo-liod 1.103 The Western Wolsung Lay 1.32 The Long Lay of Brunhild 11.2ff Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. Edda Skaldskapar-mal n.d. MG II. 136, 188 n.d. Mchb. (n.280) 818 MB XIV. 362, 365 927 un I. 3 p. 18 930 n.d. (Walsingaham Witts, 1088 DB) ca.1035 (Little Walsingham 1263 Ipm) (Walsingham Wills) ca. 1060 WEALHpEOW -Hrobgar’s queen B 612 Wealhbéow n.d. B 668ff Wealhpeo n.d. B 629 Wealhpeon n.d. ? Ebrstemann col. 135 ?Walateus Pol. Irm. pp. 1, 300 Ebrstemann col. 135 ?Walateo Pol. Irm. p. 31 n.d. Edrstemann col. 1156 ?Woladeo n.d. En. col. 1520 ?Waledeo MG II. 283 n.d. En. col. 1520 ?Walateus MG II. 289 n.d. 316 WELAND -famous smith of Germanic legend ON Volundr B 855 Walandes (gen.) n.d. ASPR III. 178 Welund Deor 11. 1-13 ASPR VI. 8 Welande Waldere 1.2 ASPR VI. 6 Welandes Waldere 1.9 CPB I. 169 Vaolundr The Lay of Weyland 1.9ff CPB II. 526 Volundr, son of Einnr Wayland Lay n.d. Earstemann col. 1231 Weland Pd. (n.238) 625 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Wielant Tr. W. Pd. (n.81) 718 Earstemann col. 1326 Weland Tr. W. 715, 739-783 often Ebrstemann col. 1326 Wieland Tr. W. 728, 719-783 often Ebrstemann col. 1326 Welant H. (n.85) 762 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Weland K. (n.18) 772 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Weland Ng. 775 Ebrstsmann col. 1326 Wealand Tr. W. C. (n.108) 780 En. col. 1553 Wielant St. G. (n.139) 795 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Wielant Schn. 796 EOrstemann col. 1326 Welant Ng. 799 Edrstemann col. 1326 Welant K. 799 En. col. 1553 Guelant Earf. (n.188) 807 Earstemann col. 1326 Welant Mchb. 807 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Wielant Dr. (n.310) 815 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Wielant Schn. also 815 IEOrstemann col. 1326 Wielant Dr. (n.888) 828 Faretemann col. 1326 Wealant Mchb. 836 ‘EOrstemann col. 1326 Wiolant K. (n.109) 883 (Ng. also) Ens col. 1553 Wielant St. G. (n.898) 868 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Wielant K. (n.137) 868 Ng. also Ebrstemann col. 1326 Welant Ng. 868, 868 “Patemann col. 132s Welant x. 868, 868 Pm col. 1553 Welant St. G. (n.581 etc.) 878 etc. Pn. col. 1553 Wielant St. G. (n.628, am.) 882, 885 ’7" col. 1553 Weland MG II. 167, 268 n.d. ... w ... En. col. 1553 En. col. 1553 En. col. 1553 En. col. 1553 En. col. 1553 En. col. 1558 En. col. 1558 En. col. 1558 En. col. 1558 Edrstemann col. 1326 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Edrstemann col. 1326 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Edrstemann col. 1326 Edrstemann col. 1326 Ebrstemann col. 1326 EOrstemann col. 1326 E5rstemann col. 1326 Ebrstemann col. 1326 Ebrstemann col. 1231 Porstemann col. 1231 Ebrstemann col. 1231 Porstemann col. 1231 En. col. 1553 Porstemann col. 1326 Earstemann col. 1326 BCS 135 E1.W. I. 128 BCS 908 Nielsen p. 108 EMmtemwmn col. 1326 “7' col. 1558 8;, col. 1558 Pn' col - 1558 317 Welant Velanti Weolant, Wealant, Wialant Wiolant Wieland Weilant ?Veluth ?Welut ?Welut Wialant, Weolant Wieland Wieland Wieland Wielant Weleont, Weolant, Wialant Wiland Wilant Welant Welant Velandu Valand Waland Waland Waland Wielant Wielant Wielant PLACE NAMES aqua de Weeland at Welund 7e1andes smiooan Vallingerdd Wielandsheim Wilandesbrunen Wielantesheim Wielantisdorf MG often n.d. MG II. 111 n.d. MG many n.d. MG I. 81, II. 825 n.d. P. XX. 569 n.d. MG II. 537 n.d. P. V. 5 n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 57 n.d. MG II. 611 n.d. Gld. II. a. 110 n.d. P. X. 269 n.d. St. P. repeatedly n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2908)n.d. Laur. sec. 9 (n.733) n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.636, 1091) n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.2028, 2117) n.d. Laur. sec. 8 (n.1200, 2151) n.d. St. P. twice n.d. St. (n.575) n.d. Pol. Irm. p. 263 P01. Irm. pp. 87, 111 P. VIII. 578 (anal. Saxo) P. II. 195 (ann. Lobiens) St. G. (n.768 etc.) 910 etc. Lc. (n.87) 927 Gud. 1006 King Ethelbald of Mercia 716 919 King Eadred 955 (Valenderyth) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 0N ? Véleifr B 2602, 2631 B 2785 B 2852 BCS 267 Liljegren no. 612 Liljegren no. 1086 Ebrstemann col. 1298 LVD p. 38 BCS 365 :1. w. p. 252 r1. 8. p. 266 BCS 383 Grueber p. 6 Ethelweard p. 29 ASChr El. W. I. 67 El. W. I. 67 .Ethelweard p. 30 ASChr El. W. I. 68 Pl. W. I. 69 El.W. I. 72 V. Malm p. 96 V.Malm p. 263 Vofialm p. 107 9' ”61'" p. 107 WIGLAE -a Wagmunding ~kinsman of Beowulf Wiglaf Wiglaf (voc.) Wilaf (acc.) Uuilaf rex Véhlafr, son of V6ihra... (runic) Vilef (runic) Wiglef Uiglaf regis Withlaphii Wiglaf, K. of Mercia Wiglaf succeeds Ludeca Withluphii regis Merciorum VVIGLAE REX M. Vuihtlaf (error for Wiglaf) Wiiglaf (A), Wiglaf (BCDEE) takes Mercian throne Wiglaf succeeds to Mercian throne K. Wiglaf expelled by Ecgbriht Vuihtlaf (Wiglaf) reasserts rule Wilaf (A), Wiglaf (BCDEE) again takes Mercian throne K. Wiglaf restored to Mercian throne Wiglafus rex Merciorum dies Wigmundus, Wiglaui regis filius Withlacus regins 13 yrs. under Egberht Wihtlafii, grandfather of Wistane Withlafius subjected by Egberht Withlafius (Wiglaf) submits to Ecgberht n.d. n.d. n.d. King Offa of Mercia n.d. n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 228 Nomina Monachorum (gold) Eregist July 25, Mercian gen. Mercian gen. Algar 825-839 Mercian King 825 825 827 828 793 n.d. 819 n.d. 825 825 825 Sim D II. 369 BCS 800 BCS 801 BCS 808 BCS 816 BCS 818 BCS 829 BCS 850 BCS 858 Grueber 88ff BCS 608 BCS 609 BCS 617 BCS 622 BCS 675 Bates, Athel. Reg. pp. 155-6 Grueber p. 123 etc. Or» Isl. (Jr. Isl. ‘Eme I. 289 BCS 1320 Ellis DB II. 268 Ellis DB II. 288 Ellis DB II. 268 306' 595 r [“911 p. 895 319 Wiglaf ruled Mercian kingdom Uuiglaf rex Wiglaf Withlafius...rex Merciorum 7ig1af Uuiglaf rex Merciorum 7ig1af ' 7ig1af Wiglafi principis Uuillaf or UUilluf, moneyer of Eadward the Elder, et a1 7iglaf presbyter 7ig1af presbyter 7ig1af Clericus 7ilaf Clericus 7ilaf minister Welaf minister Uuilaf, moneyer of Eadmund, et al. Véleifr enn Gamle porgeirsson Vileifr, father of porolfr Véleifr gamli Wiglaf cyning Wilaf Wilaf homo Leuuini Comitis Wilaf teignus Leuuini Comitis PLACE NAMES Wilafes Treow Willaston Chs. n.d. King Wiglaf of Mercia 831 King Wiglaf of Mercia 831 King Athulf of Kent 833 (832 for) King Wiglaf of Mercia 836 King Wiglaf of Mercia 836 King Berhtwulf of Mercia 880 King Berhtwulf of Mercia Dec. 25, 885 King Berhtwulf of Mercia (888 for) 888 901 x 981 Bishop Werfrib 908 Bishop Werfrib 908 Bishop Denewulf 879 x 908 King Eadward 909 King Ebelstan Nov. 12,931 King Ebelstan 937 980 x 955 Laxdoela Saga 2.2 Landnama-boc I. 9.2 Landnama-boc II. 8.3 Landnama-boc II. 15.9 Landnama-boc II. 30.1 Landnama-boc III. 22.3 Gen. n.d. Calendar of Worcester Lands n.d. Buck. 183 1088 Buck. 188b. twice 1088 Buck. 185 1088 King Eadward 901 (Wilaveston DB) 1088 Ekwall p. 895 Ekwall p. 896 Ekwall p. 508 Ekwall p. 507 Rygh p. 277 32E) Willersley He Willisham Sf Wollaston Np Woolavington So Valstad (Willaveslege DB) 1088 (Willauesham ca. 1080 Wills) (Wilavestone DB) 1088 (Wilaveton 1201 Cur) (Walifstadum 1883) 0N Vésteinn B 2613 B 2752, 2076, 3120 B 2862 B 2602 B 2907, 3110 BCS 1338 (2378) BCS 282 El. W. I. 68 ASChr. ABCDE Ethelweard p. 28 Liljegren no. 817 Liljegren no. 573 Liljegren no. 885 Liljegren no. 1188 Liljegren no. 1190 Liljegren no. 1873 El. W. p. 252 r1. 8. p. 266 PIJ W. I. 72 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 89 W. Malm. p. 263 W. Malm p. 263 its 507 BCS 518 BCS 520 BCS 522 £09 680 Res 680 321 WIHSTAN, WEOHSTAN -father of Wiglaf MS Weohstanes (nom.) Wihstanes (gen.) WthstSnes (gen.) Wioxstanes (gen.) byre Wihstanes (gen.) Uuiohstan 7iohstan princeps dux Weohstanus of Wiltshire Weoxstan (A) Wihstan (B) Weohstan (CDE) killed Vuexstan (Weohstan) ealdorman killed Vistain, son of Inkvari (runic) Vistain (runic) Vistain, son of Baulf (runic) Vista, father of burstin (runic) Vistin, father of Kupmuntr (runic) ?fistin (runic) Wistan, son of Wigmund Wistan, son of Wigmund S. Wistanum dies Sancte 7igstan Wihtlafii, grandfather of Wistane St. Wistan, grandson of K. Wiglaf of Mercia 7igstan minister 7igstan dux Wigstan Dux Wigstan dux WIOHSTANO WITHSTAN n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Duke Oslac 780 King Brihtric of Wessex (801 for) 796 800 800 n.d. Mercian gen. n.d. Mercian gen. 838 850 Halgan be Restao, d. 850 n.d. n.d. King Ebelberht of Wessex 863 K. Ebelred of Wessex 868 King Ebelred of Wessex 868 Queen Ebelswio of Mercia 868 Bishop Wigstan 931 x 980 Bishop Wigstan 931 x 980 Or. Or. CPB Or. CPB BCS BCS BCS BCS KCD BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS; BCfiS EH38 EMBS INSS ‘BCS Isl. Isl. Isl. I. 80 Isl. II. 333.23 815 1385 (8788) 882 883 iii. 886 985 1139 1087 1088 1111 1182 1202 1203 1205 1207 1232 1233 1235 1235 1236 BCS 12 37 BCS 1237 BCS 1238 BCS 1238 BCS 1239 BCS 1280 8051281 ac: 1282 ‘00 681 322 Vistainn Végeirsson Vistainn Vésteinsson Visteinn Vésteinsson Vesteinn (rode) Vali Vésteinn Vésteinsson Vesteins (gen.) 7igstan abbud 7istan abbas 7igstan 7igstan abbud Wistane 7ISTANO fidelis 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan 7istan Wistan presbiter clericus clericus clericus presbiter presbiter presbiter presbiter presbiter presbiter masse preost presbiter clericus presbiter presbiter clericus presbiter clericus presbiter presbiter presbiter presbiter presbyter Landnama-boc II. 22.3 IIs 2207-8; 110 23e1; II. 25.1 ca. 980 Landnama-boc II. 22 . 3 ,7: II. 23.1 I. 319.6 980 x 981 Gisla Saga, passim fl. 980 x 981 Kalfs-visa 5 n.d. Eyrbyggja Saga chap. 12 die ca. 981 Gisli Sursson's Saga King Eadred King Eadred King Eadred King Eadred Eadwig King Eadwig Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Oswald, Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald post 986 986 989 989 956 956 961 x 970 962 962 963 966 967 967 967 967 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 972 KCD 682 KCD 679 BCS 1299 BCS 1306 KCD 613 KCD 618 KCD 616 KCD 617 KCD 619 KCD 620 KCD 618 KCD 683 KCD 623 KCD 627 KCD 630 KCD 631 KCD 638 Earle, pp. 207-8 KCD 688 KCD 685 KCD 686 KCD 689 KCD 651 KCD 653 KCD 660 KCD 661 KCD 666 KCD 667 KCD 668 KCD 670 Ken s71 KCD 67g w'H'alm. “$875 ‘53 sn7¢5 KCD £57“7 " 6H743 Wistan Wistan 7istan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistanus presbyter Wistan Wistan Wistan Wistan Edelnodus Wistani filius Wistan Wihstan, purstanes sunu Wistan Wistan Wistan 323 presbyter presbyter presbiter minister presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter prbt presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter presbyter Oswald, post Oswald 972 x Bishop Oswald (977 for) King Eadgar Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald 978 or 978 x Bishop Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald 972 992 978 975 977 977 977 977 978 978 978 992 979 980 981 981 982 988 988 988 988 985 985 985 987 987 988 988 988 989 989 990 Letter of Pope John XV Oswald Maldon ll. Oswald Oswald Oswald 297-8 990 990 991 991 991 991 5.: I” t"1 Whitelock 1955, p. 533 (no. 120) Napier 8 Stevenson p. 20 KCD 1313 Earle pp. 239-80 Ellis DB II. 270 Liljegren no. 1378 Liljegren no. 1201 Liljegren no. 1178 KCD 720 Ekwall p. 883 Ekwall p. 883 Ekwall p. 502 Ekwall p. 502 Ekwall p. 502 Ekwall p. 502 Ekwall p. 502 Ekwall p. 502 328 Ethelnoth, Wigstan's son wistan wistan diac wistan prb Wistan liber homo Rad. Stalra PLACE NAMES Wiste harad (runic) Wista harad (runic) Wistena (runic) Wistanes gemzre Wessington Db ?Whistan La Wistanstow Sa Wistanswick Sa Wistaston Chs Wistaston He Wiston Sx Wistow Le King Ebelred 996 King Ebelred 998 Archbishop Wulfstan 1017 Bishop Lyfing 1038 War F. 138b. 1088 n.d. n.d. n.d. Ebelred 1012 (Wistanestune DB) 1088 (Witestan DB Wistan 1381 NI) (Wistanstov DB) 1088 (Wistaneswik 1278 EE Eyton) (Wistanestune DB) 1088 (Wystaneston 1198 Fees) (Wistanestun DB)‘ 1088 (Wistanestov DB) 1088 B 2051 ASPR III. 153 Earstemann col. 1289 En. col. 1578 Ebrstemann col. 1289 CPB I. 68 CPB I. 72 CPB I. 102 CPB I. 200 CPB I. 357 CPB I. 289 EBrstemann col. 1289 BCS 922 1325 WIOER-GYLD -a Heabo-Bard warrior Wibergyld Wipergield Widargelt Widargelt Guidrigild RELATED NORSE ENTRIES Vibarr Vibars landi Vibarr Vibarr, kinsman of Sigfaobor Viburs (gen.), alias of Obin? Vibar-telgjo PLACE NAMES Widarogeltesstat Wiberes cumb n.d. Widsith 1.128 Sch. 791 Dr. (n.100) 791 E. 3. VI. 567 (Julian) Vafprubnis-mal 1.202 Grimnis-mal 1.62 Loka-senna 1.37 Volo-spa 1.166 1.5 Ynglinga-tal 1.137 n.d. King Eadwig 956 I326 WONRED -a Geat -father of Wulf and Eofor B 2971 Woandes (gen.) n.d. B 2965 Wonréding (son of Wonred) En. col. 1528 Wanrad Cr. I. 6, 8 n.d. En. col. 1528 Wanrat MG repeatedly n.d. En. col. 1528 Wanrat Necr. Fuld. 860 Or. Isl. Vandrabr Osvifsson Gen. B. 3 ca. 1000 Christne Saga 3.6 Ems I. 286 Vandrébr Osvifsson ca. 1000 Ems VI. 321 Vandrabr styrbi ca. 1060 fl 327 WULP -a Geat warrior, brother of Eofor -son of Wonred ON Ulfr 8 2965 Wulf Wonréding n.d. B 2993 Wulfe (dat.) n.d. En. col. 1683 0010“ Proc. III. 12, IV. 33 n.d. Ebrstemann col. 1383 Gulf Pd. (n.226) 610 Edrstemann col. 1382 Vulfio Pd. (n.287) 629 ASPR III. 179 Wulf Wulf and Eadwacer, passim Wimmer IV. 28 UlfR (runic) n.d. Wbmmer IV. 12 Ulf (runic) n.d. Wimmer IV. 26 Ulf (runic) n.d. Wimmer II. 1 Ulfs (runic) n.d. Wimmer III. 9 Ulfs (runic) n.d. En. col. 1683 Wolfi (gen.) Ng. (n.88) 769 Edrstemann col. 1383 Wolf Ng. 769 En. col. 1683 Wolvoni (gen.) St. G. (n.98) 781 Ebrstemann col. 1382 Wolvo Ng. 781 Pn. col. 1683 Wolfo Dr. (n.137, 189)796, 798 Ebrstemann col. 1382 Wolfo Schn. 798 Liljegren no. 39 Ulf burupur sin (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 70 Ulf (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 77 Ulfr, son of Sutlak (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 99 Ulfr, son of Jarl (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 100 Ulf, father of Arpkair n.d. (runic) Liljegren no. 213 Ulfr Ikulbiarn (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 239 Ulfr, son of Ufih (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 380 Ulfr, son of AUtiau (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 808 Ulf, father of Inkialtr n.d. (runic) Liljegren no. 818 Ulf i Sku15bri (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 815 Ulf, father of Ulfkitil n.d. (runic) Liljegren no. 822 UlfR (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 889 Ulfs suniR (runic) n.d. Liljegren no. 855 Ulfr, son of Halftan n.d. (runic) Liljegren no. 859 Liljegren no. 860 Liljegren no. 875 Liljegren no. 892 Liljegren no. 503 Liljegren no. 506 Liljegren no. 517 Liljegren no. 518 Liljegren no. 557 Liljegren no. 563 Liljegren no. 570 Liljegren no. 589 Liljegren no. 739 Liljegren no. 950 Liljegren no. 969 Liljegren no. 992 Liljegren no. 1028 Liljegren no. 1188 Liljegren no. 1160 Liljegren no. 1176 Liljegren no. 1253 Liljegren no. 1339 Liljegren no. 1385 Liljegren no. 1816 Liljegren no. 1822 Liljegren no. 1835 Liljegren no. 1868 En. col. 1683 Liljegren no. 1886 En. col. 1683 LVD p. 18 Eornaldar Sbgur II. Saxo VIII. 312 Saxo VIII. 357 En. col. 1683 131 .328 Ulf, son of Astrip (runic) Ulfs arifar i Lintiu (runic) Ulfr (runic) Ulf (runic) Ulfr, nephew of Unim (runic) Ulf, father of Karsi (runic) Ulf (runic) Ulf i Luk5bri (runic) Ulfr, son of Borkilf (runic) Ulfr, son of Anut (runic) Ulfr (runic) Ulfr (runic) Ulfr (runic) Ulf (runic) Ulf, father of KunulfR (runic) Ulf, brother of Kilf (runic) Ulfr (runic) Ulf, son of Ufa (runic) Ulf, father of Haltan(runic) UlfR (runic) Ulf, brother of Eara (runic) UlfR, son of Papa (runic) UlfR (runic) UlfR (runic) Ulf, brother of Ohki (runic) Ulf (runic) Ulf, brother of Raknhiltr (runic) Wolafr (runic) Ulfs totR (runic) Wulafr (runic) Vlf 01f Ulf, retainer of King of Sweden _ Vluo, Gotrik's courtier Wulffi n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Stentoft n.d. n.d. Istaby n.d. Nomina Presbyterorum n.d. Eribjofs Saga ens froekna chap. 8 n.d. n.d. MG II. 318 n.d. 1683 1683 1683 1683 1683 1683 1683 col. col. col. col. col. En. En. En. En. En. col. col. col. Ebrstemann En. En. 1382 1382 1382 1382 1383 1383 Ebrstemann col. EBrstemann col. col. col. Edrstemann col. En. col. 1683 E6rstemann col. Ebrstemann Ebrstemann 1383 Ebrstemann col. 1383 col. 1683 Ebrstemann col. col. 1628 EBrstemann col. En. col. 1628 Ebrstemann col. En. 1383 En. 1382 1382 Ebrstemann col. 1382 col. 1683 Ebrstemann col. 1383 Liber Eliensis p. 90ff Isl. En. Or. CPB II. 520 Skallagrimssonar chap. 1 CPB II. 886 Eornaldar SOgur II. 139 Eornaldar Sdgur II. 6 Ems V. 285-9 Ebrstemann col. 1383 En. col. 1683 Langebek I. 229 Vulvo Wolfo Wolvo ?Wolfeo Vulf Wolf Wolf Vulfo Wolfo, Wolf Wolvo Wolvo Wolfho Wolf Vulfuo Wolfuo Wolf Wolfo Wolfho Vluo Wolfo Wolfo Wolffo Vulf Wolf Wolf Ulf Ulfr enn Oarge of Hrafnista Safara, fBOur Ulfs Ulfr enn 6argi Ulfr hinn Oargi Ulfr hinn 6argi Glfs, (gen.) son of Safara 01fr, son of prandr jarl Wolf Wolvo Ulff, son of Lothbroc MG II. many n.d. MG many n.d. MG many n.d. MG V. 561 n.d. Predegar n.d. Laur. many n.d. MG many n.d. Jorn. 58 n.d. Laur. repeatedly n.d. Laur. repeatedly n.d. St. P. n.d. Necr. Aug. n.d. St. P. twice n.d. St. G. (n.178) 808 Tr. W. (n.180) 811 Le. 815 St. G. (n.17) ca. 816 Ng. 816 MB XXXI (n.15) 817 Ng. 817 Dr. (n.377) ca. 818 Ng. 819 Lc. (n.39) 820 Dr. (n.818, 819) 823 Schn. 823 n.d. Landnama-boc I. 8.1 ca. 830 Para. Hyndla's Lay n.d. ca. 830 Skaldatal n.d. Ketils Saga Hmengs chap. 1 Hversu Noregr bygbist chap. 1 ca. 850 Le. 833 Ng. (n.801) ca. 850 Annal. Esrom. 856 « N N .4 \w .‘ 3‘ Earstemann col. 1383 Gertz I. 16.3 Ems IV. 185 Gertz I. 169.10 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 1 Or. Isl. CPB II. 883 Ens III. 65 Postbroebra Saga chap. 2 Eornaldar Sbgur II. 31 Or. Isl. Grettis Saga chap. 27 Or. Isl. Njals Saga chap. 100 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 78, 75 Eornaldar Sdgur III. 212 Egils Saga Skallagrimssonar chap. 78 CPB II. 268 CPB II. 130 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Barber Saga Snafellsass chap. 10 Gertz II. 335, 13ff 33(1 Wolfho Ulf, son of Regneri Lothbroki joins brothers in invading France 01fr jarl Rbgnvaldsson Vlff, son of Regner Lotbroki invades and conquers Norway: kills Ella and Osbert in Northumbria: kills Edmund the Martyr: invades Gallia and Germania Ulfr (Kveldulfr) Bjalfason Ulfr, father of porolfr (Kvelld-Ulfr) Ulfr, Sebba son filfr Sebbason Ulfr enn skialgi Hbgnason 01f hinn skjélgi Ulfr enn Skialge, Haognason ens Hvita Ulfr inn skjalgi Ulfr enn Skialge Ulf skialgi Ulfr, a Vermlander 01fr, a champion and berserker Ulfr, brother of Ulfr Ulfr Ulfr Ulbr, son Brunda-Bialb Vlfr. father of Asgeirr Ulfr Eitjomskegge poresson Ulfr Eitjom-skegge p6resson Ulfr af Eitjum p6risson Wolgangus Ng. 859 Chronicon Roskilderse chap. 3 ca. 865 ca. 870 Reges Danorum ca. 865-870 ca. 870 Landnama-boc II. 8.1 870 x 930 900 870 ca. f1. Hilfs Saga chap. 8 Landnama-boc II. 17.1: 17.3: 19.1: 19.8: 22.5: V. 17.2 Genealogies A. 38: B. 12 -ca. 870 872 Laxdoela Saga 880 900 ca. 1.7 ca. ca. Gbngu-Hrolfs Saga chap. 31 ca. 900 ca. 900 Sigurbar-baolkr n.d. Austrfarar Visor n.d. Landnama-boc I. 8.1 Landnama-boc V. 18.7 genealogies A. 18 Hoensa-pores Saga 1.1 Landnama-boc I. 10.1 n.d. n.d. CPB p. 230 0r. Isl. Ems I. 253 0r. Isl. 0r. Isl. Or. Isl. Barbar Saga Snafellsass chap. 2 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Eornaldar SOgur III. 802 Or. Isl. Ems II. 218 Eornaldar Sbgur I. 289 Ems II. 251 etc. Eornaldar Sbgur II. 39 Ems X. 350, 358 Or. Isl. Or. Isl. Kjalnesinga Saga 0r. Isl. Eornaldar SBgur II. 71 Or. Isl. Ems II. 213 Or. Isl. Grueber p. 88ff Eornaldar Sbgur III. 852 Eornaldar SBgur II. 293 II. 230 III. 20 Eornaldar Sbgur Eornaldar Sbgur Robertson p. 188 (no. 97) En. col. 1683 Stefansson p. 295 331 Ulfr Ulbr ginandi Grimsson ens Haleyska Olfr Grimsson Ulfr Ulfr Ulfr Ulfr Grimsson Gylber Hebinsson a Halogalandi fra H61e enn Huasse Ulfr glfr Ulfr Svipr Ulfr hinn illi, son of Kraka Hreibarsson Kraka enn raubi Olfr 01fr 01fr 0lfr Ulfr Ulfr Ulfr Olfr raubi hinn raubi raubi Raubsson a Ulfs-stacbom under Skratta-felle styrimabr Ulfr 01fr, son of Vikingr Uikingr i Ulfs-daolom Ulfr enn Vorske 01fr Oxna-porisson Ulfr Yxna-péresson Ulf, Ulfe, or Ulff moneyer of Eadward the Elder, et al. 0lfr, a karl 01fr 01fr 01fr, a champion Vlf at Welle Wolvo Ulf' Hyndlo-liod Landnama—boc 1.8.2; I. 11.1 n.d. Holmverja Saga 6.1n Landnama-boc V . 8 . 1 Landnama-boc III. 15.2 n.d. Landnama-boc V. 16.1 Landnama-boc V . 9 . 5 Halfdanar Saga Eysteinssonar chap. 1 Landnama-boc II. 7.1; 12.2; 26.1 n.d. Norna-gets pattr chap. 2 ca. 1000 Halfs Saga chap. 15 1000 Landnama-boc I. 10.5 Landnama-boc III. 18.3 JBkulls battr Buasonar chap. 1,2 Landnama-boc III. 12.5 porsteins Saga Vikingssonar chap. 9 C3. Landnama-boc IV. 18. 7-8 n.d. Landnama-boc II. 12.1; 28.3 901 x 986 Halfdanar Saga Brbnafostra chap. 11 Ans Saga Bogsveigis chap. 1 Orvar-Odds Saga chap. 18 Gautreks Saga chap. 5 Abbot Ufi n.d. St. G. (n.676) 890 Oldest known List of Scan. Names ca. 950 dzefansson p. 295 ((7.518 Saga chap. 8 4, s5 11:. 207 0?,le5 Saga chap. 25 505 (5‘ .25' .- __:=EEESaga chap. 115 Jl-IEEEEEE;6 88 12/ a \ Ila-=7 ‘0 VS \AIZEB 4-1:) Ref; 1153 1.2522222! BCS 113 czzr BCS 113 c, Res 1130 803 129-7 803 1297 BCS 1297 Grueber Q‘- m. 202, 333, Dugdale’ 1885 1. me I Q ca . 5‘1 Njalg § a chap. so, llEnon. Angl. VI. Em9 1. :::::'.L~ =23-8 I :::::::EE: CPE 161‘- 2 of” igl‘ of" p 1‘ Ulf, pr Ulf the Unwashed Ulfr JBrundarson Ulf aurgodi Iorundarson Vlfs aurgoba (gen.) son of Jorundr gopi Ulfr Orgobe Iaorundarson Ulf, father of Lodmund Ulf minister Vlf Ulf Vlf his agen brobor Vlf eorles suna Vlf borhand Vlf doddes sune Vlf Vlf (1) Vlf (2) Vlf (3) Wulf, moneyer of Ethelred II et al. Wulfii Ulfr Uggason Skald Ulfr Uggason 01fr Ulfr Uggason Ulfr Uggason Ulfr Uggason Styr, son of Ulfi Ulfr enn Raube Oldest known List of Scand. Names ca. 950 fl. 960 n.d. fl. 960-990 Gen. n.d. Landnama-boc V. 6.2; 8.7; 9.12 Genealogies A. 1.2 Cristne Saga 6.1 fl. 970 King Eadgar 970 King Eadgar 971 King Eadgar 972 Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 King Eadgar 973 King Eadgar 973 King Eadgar 973 979 x 1066 King Ebelred n.d. fl. 980 x 990 Jomsvikingasaga ca. 985 n.d. Landnama-boc II. 7.1 Cristne Saga 8.8 Laxdoela Saga 11.3 988 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 101 995 x 1000 Wrench 1955 p. 533 no. 120) ’5’au'auzringia v1. 105 ,5 (a toyarbok ‘9 «(japan no. 1615 4:”.Q ,_:ZET’ __, 288- 9 {,t I; . 99-108 Sh») b"; .11. 278: IX. 209 V‘é’"! 1619 5‘ p. 283 8 FREE g 43a chap. 158 h - 52 ‘11.“, jmgla VII. 95 Eills . 168 Iv 65ff. v. 162, PM XI- 183-193, 206 301mb; hgla VII. 188 has II- 2 20 m IV- S. 8 31301“ Elk—fie Reg. p. 56 I. runs V “ 4,3 21. 1-10 I ¢ ‘ gef‘ 125.8 I c‘ ‘ 56" 1165.8 far." I \ 69 363. 19-28 333 Stir, Ulfs son Ulfr, father of Earl Rognvaldr Wolf Ulfs...(runic) 01fr Lobinsson 01fr Ulfr svarti Ulfzeinzsvarti: (runic) Ulfr Sulo iarl Ulf, 15th bishop of Leicester 01fr Hreda, a great champion Ulfr jarli Earl Ulfr Ragnvaldarson Danmdrk Ulfr, son of porgils Sprakalegg 01fr jarl porgilsson Sprakaleggs Earl Ulfr porgilsson 01fr Tostason, brother of Sigribr'storraOa Glfr, brother of Sigribt storraba Vlf Sveinn Konungr 0lfsson Ulf, father of Sweyn Ulf dux, husband of Estrith expelled and later killed by orders of Kanutas at Roskild church. Vlf Sprakaleg, married to Estrith, sister of King, had son Sveno Sueno Magnus, son of Vlf dux and Margarete, sister of Kanutus rex Vlfo de Swecia entered service of Kanutus; son of Thorkill Spracaleg King Ebelred 996 Olafs Saga Tryggvasonar chap. 10$ ca. 995 in Orkneyinga Saga pp. 369-72 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. Skalda-tal n.d. n.d. f1. 1010 ca. 1000 1015 x 1030 Olafs Saga ens Helga ca. 1015 ca. 1015 Olafs Saga ens Helga 1015 x 1030 ca. 1000 1015 x 1028 Nomina Benefactorum post 1018 Gen. n.d. ca. 1020 Chronicon Roskildense Svenonis Aggonis chap. 9 Series ac Brevior Historia Regum Danie Comp. Saxo X. 11 hum Gertz I. 368.20ff ‘3'”: I. 8 ++oocb 1 3 27 “1&555 ;;".253 15 ‘9‘ C) :gv'.lnlir “:3 8“ EE 8,)“ #. p. 220 {it ,Jinna pp. 35, 262 R \§\\.\ / Noregs Konunga b ‘flhap. 37 \k \S\. :88 x, 1+ 1 I. '“3 VI. ail-E—‘lI-.£37 ° 181. FEB )(.8-(::l- —dll—dllI-5 Heimskrirh- 3:18 Ix. 9 Ems VI. 1 a o, 255, 801 Agrip 1“ ”I dregs Konunga Sogum cha— J. 39 Liljefl’“ :10. 2118 Liljegr‘: Z-rlo. 2118 8 Liljegren =-.-no. 2118 Lilia the. 2118 Vlfo marries Estrith by trickery; plots vs Kanutus: flees back to Swecie; Kanutus has him slain at a banquet Wlff Sprakalag killed Emund Slembe Ulf eorl Ulf dux Ulf dux Ulf fights against Cnut Ulf, king of Swedes, conquered by Cnut Ulfr Sprakaleggsson Ulfr, Danish earl Ulf miles 01fr Ranason 01:8 (gen.) Ulfr Ospaksson Stallare 01fr stallari Ulfr Uspakson 01fr stallari Ospaksson Ulfr stalleri Vlf, Moneyer of Magnus the Good I LVND II Vlf I LVND IIII VlE I LVNDI Vlf I L...NPII Ulfr stallari Ulfr Stallari, the King's marshall Ulfr stallari, a Norse Noble Ulfr Ulfr Ulf Svein Ulfs sun Comp. Saxo X 13-18 Cat. Regum Svecir ca. 1020 Cnut n.d. Cnut 1020 x 1023 Cnut 1021 x 1028 1025 1025 Saga Magnus goba ok Heralds harbraba ca. 1025 ca. 1030 Cnut 1033 1035 x 1087 ca. 1080 Landnama-boc II. 9.3: 23.2; 28.1 1082 x 1066 Agrip af Noregs Konunga ca. 1020 Harallz Saga Harbréba 1082 x 1066 d. 1066 ca. 1082 ca. 1082 Saga Magnfis goba ok Haralds harbraba fl. 1082 x 1066 Nizar Visor Skaldatal Harallz Saga Harbraba 1082 x 1066 ca.1082 1085 Magnus-flokker Will of Thurstan Series triplex Reg. Sept. ca. 1086-1078 “'0 1338 ASChr . CDEE 6’ (35 VIII. 112 15 ofitz II. 872-82 4\ Q Q ‘ W o Is 202 \ *9 I. 203 \6 W " 1Q.Q..:=!Ei=; “:3 h“ \b' 492* I. 160 {g/ kinna pp. 189-93 £381 11, 105, 222 £EI72 «.dF—SS {‘8 e... 8% I" “3 Ix. KCl) 792 l . 863 EETPXK’ _;;];> . 863 “all I “55 2km5‘1). P .. 508 "all p .. 505 Ekwall P ._ 505 Ekwall 1:- .— 507 Ekwall p __ 507 Ekwall p. _ 507 Ekwall p- ‘ 507 Ekwall P- ‘ 508 Ekwall P ‘ 508 Ekwall I) ‘_____ 508 Ekwall p x 335 Ekwall p \ 335 all I) Bk“ \ 337 Ekwallp \ 337 “311I>~ E)‘ 3 IA ‘ 338 131‘" 11k ‘ 338 Ekwall g ‘ 863 510”}; E s 863 £16“ 1.1 ‘8 ~ 863 31¢“ )1 E - 863 5105821 t ~ 863 M? vL. " 863 £30” § ‘1‘ p. 125 wulf Slade Wlfgedyte WLVEMERE UuLEAMERE 7ulfgeat Vulfinga Wolfaha Ulfstorp Wl pit Ulvestoft Norf. Uluethewayt Wm. Ulpha Cu Ulpha We Ulverscroft Le Ushaw Du Wolborough D Wolveton or Wolfeton Wolviston Wooley Brk Wooley Brk Woolley Hu Woolley YW Woolsthorpe Li Woolston Ha Woolton, Much 8 Little La Oulston YN Oulton Cu Ousby Cu Ouston Nb Ovington YN Owsthorpe YE Ulceby Li Uldale Ulleskelf YW Ullesthorpe Le Ullswater Cu Ullswater WE Huluesweit Yo. (961 for) 956 x 957 King Eadgar 968 King Eadgar, Easter 970 King Eadgar 970 Record of Medehamstede ca. 972 x 992 n.d. n.d. (Ulstrup) n.d. VIfketel n.d. n.d. n.d. (Ulfhou 1337 Ipm) (Ulvay, Uluay 1820 Kendals) (Ulvescroft 1178 BM) (Ulveskahe 12 Einchale) (Ulveberie DB) 1088 (Wolueton 1231f. EF) (Oluestona 1091) (Olvelei DB) 1088 (Wolveleye 1286 CL) (Wulueleia 1158) (Wiluelai DB) 1088 (Wolestorp 1185 TpR) (Olvestune DB) 1088 (Uluentune DB) 1088 (Ulueston DB) 1088 (Ulveton 1286 Ipm) (Uluesbi 1195P) (Ulvestona 1279 Ass.) (Ulfeton DB) 1088 (Uluestorp 1203EE) (Ulvesbi DB) 1088 (Ulvedale 123OSC) (Ulfscelf 1226 FE) (Ulestorp DB) 1088 (Ulneswater 1292 QW) (Ulveswatre 1323 Ipm) 1196 Feet of fines \ (Indkvist p. 126 4indkvist p. 126 Qladkvist p. 125 '0. *P g}; p. 270 *PJ‘ 7 ¢¢9h P' 20 8‘93: 19.270 83’ Q5), ‘17 . 270 270 l. 270 RVQI) l 270 Q (2::- I R8 h 270 81, I» I \\ 27o \ h 270 \J p \g\\\ 270 \3 ' \\\§ - 270 yen p, 270 Ryan p. 270 Rygh p. 270 RYE}! p. 2 70 RYEh p. 2 7o RVgh p. 2- 7o Rygh p- 2 -70 Rygh 2 —70 Rygh 1" 2 ‘40 Rygh P 2 to Rygh P k We Rysh I" é ‘40 Rygh P. % ‘30 n P § 12% '70 S” 9 § ‘70 BY p. § 5 7O RY’ p- f:::::: Rygh p- ‘E 70 s“ Q '71 123’ 9- § 9” '71 31V 9' ¥ 9“ '7 1 Id p 9 : ffi/g 77 1 31¥O Wluetheit Lane. Ulvesthweit, Lanc. Ulvesweit Lanc. Ulsby Ulsrod Ulset Ulsrdd Ulsholt Ulsrud Ulsrud Vlfsrud Vlfsrud af Vlfsmo Wlffgardenom Ulsbdl Ulsgaard Ulsbu Ulsvolden Ulsrud Ulsrud Ulsrud Ulshus Ulshagen Ulsrud Ulsrdd i Vlfsasom Ulsjordet Ulsbak i Vlfsbudum Ulsnes Ulsberget Ulsneset Ulsnes Ulset Ulsnes Ulsvaag Ulstad Ulstad Ulsnes 1199 Lane. Inq 1202 Lanc. Ein. Conc. 1228 C1. R. (I Wlfsbd R8 189) n.d. n.d. n.d. (Vlfsrud RB 885) n.d. n.d. (Vlfsrud RB 288) n.d. (Vlfsrud) 1818 n.d. n.d. n.d. ON I. 577 1885 Vlsbdell 1616 1668 Vlsboe 1668 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. (Vlffshage) 1593 (Vlfsrud RB 73, 79) n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. .d. n.d. (Wlffsuog) 1600 ON X. 185 1860 (ngestadha AB 133) n.d. n.d. Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Rygh Pn. Fn. Pn. Fn. Fn. Pn. Fn. Pn. Pn. Fn. Fn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Fn. Pn. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 16u3 16H3 16M3 16h3 16u3 16u3 16U3 16H3 16H3 16u3 16u3 16H3 16MB 16u3 16H3 16u3 3&1 Ulfsfjorden Ulverud Ulvestad Ulveréd Ulvestad Ulvestad Ulvestad Vulfenbah Wolfenhusen Wolvinwilare Wulvincheim Vulvisangar Wolfispach Wolvesbaringa Wolvesperch Wolvesbrunnon Wolfesbuhil Wolfesfelt Wolfeshart Wolfeshuson Wolvisdorf Wolfeswanch Wolfesharodi marca n.d. n.d. (Vluestad St.) n.d. n.d. (Wlffuestadom) (Wlffuestadt DN X. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1609 771) n.d. .dL' ..—- 0N ?Ulfgeirr B 3&8, 360 LVD p. Pn. col. 36 16u9 Fdrstemann col. Pn. Fn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Fn. col. col. col. col. col. col. 16%9 16kg 16h9 1650 16H9 16M9 Porstemann col. Fn. col. 16kg Porstemann col. Porstemann col. Farstemann col. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. Pn. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. col. 16kg 16kg 16kg 16kg 16kg 1609 16kg 1650 Porstemann col. Porstemann col. Fors temann col . Porstemann col . Porstemann col. Porstemann col. Porstemann col . Porstemann col. Porstemann col. 13H7 13M? 13M? 13k7 13H? 13H? 13”? 13k? 13H? 13%? 13u7 13u7 13k? 133k 31+? WULFGKR -an official at Hrobgar's court wulfgar Uulfgar Wolfgaer Wolfker Wolfgaer Wolfker Wolfgaer Wulfegar, bp of Bezier Volfcer Wolfgaer Wolfger Wolfcher Vulfegar Wolfachar Wulfger Vulfeger Volfger Volfker Wolfker Wolfker Folfger Wolfchar Fulfigar Wolfkaer Wolfger Wolfger Wolfger Wolfger Wolfker Wolfgher Wulger Woleger, Wolger, Wolfgaer, Wolfkeri n.d. Nomina Monachorum n.d. (gold) St. G. (n.71) 77a Ng. 788, 790, 796, 806 St. G. (n.120) 789 St. G. (n.125, 129 etc.) 790, 791 etc. Ng. (n.113) 791 791 St. G. (n.138) 795 Ng. (n.128) 797 Ng. 797, 806, 816, 819 St. G. (n.15u) 798 P01. Irm. p. 29 n.d. Mchb. sec. 8 (n.88) n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 231, zuu, 25a, 257, 276, 281, 265, 289, 316, 330, 398, #60, M61, H68 MG II. 25“ n.d. MG II. u10 n.d. HG II. “98 n.d. P. XIV. 2H2 n.d. MG often n.d. MG II. 386 n.d. MG III. H2 n.d. MG III. 56 n.d. St. P. repeatedly n.d. P. II. zuo n.d. P. VII. 27 n.d. Laur. repeatedly n.d. St. P. twice n.d. St. P. repeatedly n.d. St. P. n.d. Wg. Tr. C. 2RD, 293 n.d. Gld. II. a. 111 n.d. Porstemann col. Porstemann col. Farstemann col. Pn. col. 16kg Porstemann col. Fn. col. 16u9 Pn. col. 16u9 BCS 393 BCS 393 Porstemann col. BCS SS7 BCS 560 Porstemann col. Pn. col. 16u9 Birch, Hyde Reg. Birch, Hyde Reg. Birch, Hyde Reg. Birch, Hyde Reg. Birch, Hyde Reg. Grueber p. 26 Grueber p. an Porstemann col. BCS 609 BCS 63S BCS 635 BCS 6U8 BCS 659 BCS 660 BCS 663 BCS 665 BCS 669 13%? 133k 13u7 13k? 13k? 1330 133“ 28 28 28 32 6Q 3H3 Wofker Wolgar Vulger Wolfgaer Wolfgar Wolfgar Wolfgar 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister Wolfacar ministro meo fideli 7ulfgaro 7ulfgar Wolager Wolfkier 7ulfgar Puer 7ulfgar Puer 7ulfgar agnus Puer 7ulfgar Monachus 7ulfgar VVLFGAR, moneyer of Eadward the Elder Uulfgar, moneyer of Edward the Elder et al. Wolker Uulfgar meo fideli ministro.... WLFGARO 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar 7ulfgar dux ngarus dux 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgaro Wulfgar minister Gld. II. a. 129 n.d. P. I. 121 n.d. Lc. (n.21) 801 St. G. (n.176 etc.) 803 etc. Ng. 819 St. G. (n.2u6) 820 MB (XXXVI n.5) 823 King Ecgbert 826 King Ecgbert 826 Dr. (n.U71) 827 King Ebelred of Mercia 888 Bishop Werfrib 889 M. B. 890 St. G. (n.680) 890 Nomina Fratrum Ueteris n.d. Nomina Fratrum Ueteris n.d. Nomina Fratrum Ueteris n.d. Nomina Fratrum Novi n.d. Nomina Fratrum Laicorum n.d. 901 x 925 901 x 9H1 R. (n.89) 902 Bishop Werfrib 90H King Eadward 921 King Eadward 921 King Abelstan 925 x 9H1 King ioelstan 926 King Edelstan 927 King Ebelstan, Apr. 16, 928 King Roelstan 929 King Ebelstan Apr. 5, 930 BCS BCS Pn. BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS 13H3 (6698) 13Q3 (6698) col. 16kg 670 670 671 671 67k 67k 675 677 677 Porstemann col. BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS 678 682 689 689 690 692 69k 695 696 699 699 701 702 702 31m 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister Wolfker 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister Ulgar dux Ulgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister (2) (2) meo fideli ministro 7ULFGARO Wolfker 7ulfgar 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister minister 7lfgar 7ulfgar dux Wulgar minister Wulfgar minister Wulfgar minister Wulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister (2) (2) (2) King ibelstan Apr. King fibelstan Apr. MG VIII. 379 King Abelstan King £belstan King Ebelstan King Ebelstan King Ebelstan March King Ebelstan March King Ebelatan June King Kbelstan Nov. King Ebelstan Nov. H. B. (VIII) Will of Wulfgar King Ebelstan King Ebelstan Aug. King Ebelstan Aug. 29, 29, 23, 23, 21, 12, 12, 30, 30, King Ebelstan (905) King Ebelstan Dec. King Ebelstan King Abelstan Jan. King £6elstan Jan. Cd. 2“, 26, 26, King Ebelstan (930) King Ebelstan (930 for) 930 930 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 931 n.d. 931 932 932 932 932 933 933 933 93H 93“? King Ebelstan (930 for) King Ebelstan May 28, King Ebelstan 93k? 93“ May 28, 93a 31+5 BCS 703 Wulfgar minister King Ebelstan June 7, (930 for) 93% BCS 13H“ Walgar minister King Ebelstan n.d. BCS 705 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan Dec. 16, 93H BCS 705 7ulgar minister (2) King Ebelstan Dec. 16, 93k BCS 706 7ulfgar minister King Eoelstan Dec. 16, 93a BCS 706 7ulfgar minister (2) King Ebelstan Dec. 16, 93a BCS 707 7ulfgar minister King ibelstan 93“ BCS 71h 7ulfgar minister King ioelstan 937 BCS 71H 7ulgar minister (2) King fibelstan 937 BCS 721 7ulgar dux King Ebelstan 937 Bates, Athel. Reg. ngar minister King Ebelstan 937 pp. 155-6 Bates, Much. Cart. p. 38 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan n.d. BCS 722 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 937 Finberg 196% no. #36 ngar minister Eoelstan 937 BCS 72M 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan (670 for) 938 BCS 725 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan (630 for) 938 BCS 726 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan (670 for) 938 BCS 727 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 938 BCS 729 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 938 BCS 729 7ulgar minister (2) King Lbelstan 938 BCS 730 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 938 BCS 731 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 938 BCS 73H 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan 939 BCS 73M 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 939 BCS 741 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan 939 BCS 7u1 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 939 BCS 7&2 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan 939 BCS 7u2 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 939 BCS 782 7ulfgar minister (2) King Ebelstan 939 BCS 7u3 7ulfgar dux King Ebelstan 939 BCS 7U3 7ulfgar minister King Ebelstan 939 BCS 788 7ulfgar dux King Eadmund guo BCS 7u8 7ulfgar minister King Eadmund 9H0 BCS 753 BCS 753 BCS 75? BCS 757 BCS 758 BCS 758 BCS 761 BCS 761 BCS 762 BCS 762 BCS 763 BCS 763 BCS 76H Grueber pp. 123ff BCS 765 BCS 765 BCS 765 BCS 767 BCS 767 BCS 769 BCS 769 BCS 770 BCS 770 BCS 771 BCS 77“ BCS 77H BCS 775 BCS 775 BCS 777 BCS 777 BCS 778 BCS 779 BCS 780 BCS 782 BCS 782 BHEi 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister Wulfgar dux Wulfgar miles 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar minister (2) 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar dux Wulgar or Wulgares, moneyer of Eadmund et a1. 7ulfgar episcopus 7ulgar dux ‘7u1fgar minister 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar dux 7ulgar minister 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister 7ulfgar Episc0pus Wlfgar dux Wlfgar miles ngar dux ngar dux (2) 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister Uulfgar minister 7ulfgar dux 7ulfgar minister fideli meo ministro... UULFGARIO (7) ulfgar dux King King King King King King King King King King King King King Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund 9&0 x 979 King July King July King July King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King Eadmund 2a (960 Eadmund 2k (960 Eadmund 2“ (960 Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund for for) for) 9u2 x 9%0 9ND 9H0 9H0 9RD 9&0 9M0 9uo 990 9RD 9RD 9RD 9RD 9H1 9U1 9N1 9H1 9H1 9M1 991 9H1 9N1 9M2 9&2 9H2 9M2 9M2 992 992 9H2 9H6 9H3 9H3 9H3 BCS KCD BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Grueber p. 28 BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS 783 iii 78& 786 786 787 787 788 789 789 791 792 793 795 796 798 801 801 802 808 812 812 81& 81& 815 818 820 821 822 82& 831 833 83& 865 &19 Vulfgar Wulfgare his thegne 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar fideli meo ministro... WLFGARIO Wulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Wulfgar 7ulgarus episcopus %&7 minister minister dux minister dux dux (2) minister dux minister minister minister minister minister minister dux minister minister dux Wulgarus comes 7ulfgar Vulfgar 7ulfgar Episcopus Wulfgar 7VLGARES moneyer of Eadred 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Wulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar dux minister dux dux dux dux dux dux dux dux Dux King Eadmund (963 for) Eadmund King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King King Will Will King King King King Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund Eadmund of Ebelgiva of Ebelgiva Eadmund Eadmund Eadred Eadred 9&6 x 955 King King King King King King King King Eadred Eadred Eadred Eadred Eadred Eadred Eadred Eadred 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&3 9&& 9&& 9&& 91m 9m. 9w 9m; 9m 9w 9&5 9&6 9&6 9&6 9&6 9&6 9&6 9&7 9&7 9&7 9&7 9&7 9&7 9&7 9&8 BCS 871 Stefansson p. 295 BCS 895 BCS 902 BCS 917 BCS 919 BCS 925 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 61 BCS 927 BCS 927 BCS 932 BCS 9&3 BCS 9&5 BCS 9&6 BCS 955 BCS 957 BCS 958 BCS 961 BCS 963 BCS 969 BCS 979 BCS 981 BCS 982 BCS 98& BCS 988 BCS 997 BCS 999 BCS 13&7 BCS 1001 BCS 1002 BCS 100& BCS 100$ BCS 1022 BCS 1022 BCS 1026 BCS 1028 BCS 1030 3&8 ngar dux 7ulgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Wulfgar 7ulfgar Uulfgar 7ulfgar 7ULFGARO (meo sacerdote) 7ulfgar Uulfgar ngar 7ulfgar Uulfgar Uulfgar 7ulfgar Wulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulgar Uulfgar 7ulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Uulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar minister minister minister minister minister Sacerdos minister minister minister Minister Minister minister miles minister minister minister minister minister minister minister minister miles minister minister minister minister minister Minister leofa minister minister WLGAR LEOFA Uulfgar Wulfgar minister minister King Eadred 9&8 Oldest known list Scand. names ca. 950 King Eadred 952 King Eadred (958 for) 953 x 955 King Eadwig 955 King Eadwig Feb. 13, 956 King Eadwig 956 Nom. Fratrum Abbandonensis Cenobii n.d. King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 956 King Eadwig 957 Bishop Byrhthelm 957 King Eadwig May 9, 957 King Eadwig May 9, 957 King Eadwig 957 King Eadwig n.d. King Eadwig 957 King Eadwig 957 King Eadred 958 King Eadred 958 King Eadwig 958 King Eadwig 958 King Eadwig (956 for) 958 .o-s .... ‘n, .1- «a. . .‘u BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS KCD KCD BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS Pn. 1032 1033 103& 10&0 10&5 10&6 10&6 10&6 10&7 1051 1053 1055 1058 1063 1066 1067 1079 981 981 1080 1087 1088 1089 1093 1105 1106 1108 1109 1110 1111 1130 1139 11&5 1166 1167 1172 col. 16&9 Uulfgar meo fideli ministro... WLFGAR Uulfgar 7ulfgar 3&9 minister minister minister 71gar minister 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Uulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Uulfgar Uulfgar 7u1fstane 7ulfgares fader Uulfgar Uulfgar Uulfgar Wulgarus diaconus Wulfger Uulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Uulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar custos discifer minister Minister minister miles minister Minister minister minister Minister messepreost minister clericus clericus clericus Minister clericus clericus 7ulgar clericus 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar clericus clericus clericus clericus minister clericus 7ulgar clericus Uulgar minister ?Wolfzerus King Eadwig 958 King Eadwig 958 King Eadwig 958 King Eadgar 958 King Eadwig 959 King Eadwig 959 King Eadwig 959 King Eadwig 959 King Eadgar (958 for) 959 King Eadgar 959 King Eadgar 960 King Eadgar 960 King Eadgar 960 Thurwlf & Elfsig 960 x 962 King Eadgar 961 King Eadgar 961 King Eadgar 961 manumissions n.d manumissions n.d King Eadgar 961 Bishop Oswald 962 Bishop Oswald 962 Bishop Oswald 962 King Eadgar 962 Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald (9&3) 963 Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald 963 Record of Medehamstede . ca. 972 x 992 Bishop Oswald 961 x 970 King Eadgar (922 for) ca. 96&+ Bishop Oswald 96S Bishop Oswald 965 King Eadgar 965 Oork (n.38) 966 BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS BCS KCD KCD KCD BCS BCS BCS KCD KCD KCD KCD 1180 1181 1182 118& 1203 120& 1205 1206 1207 1207 1208 1228 1228 1230 1230 1232 1233 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 12&0 12&1 12&2 126& 679 680 681 1299 130& 1319 981 612 613 61& 35(1 7ulfgar clericus 7ulfgar clericus 7ulfgar clericus 7ulgar clericus 7ulfgar clericus 7ulfgar clerc. 7ufgar clericus 7ulfgar clericus 7ULFGARO ministro meo 7ulfgar 7ulfgar Wulfgar Wulgarus Wiltunensis eccl. clericus clericus presbyter episcopus 7ulfgar minister 7ulgar minister (2) 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar 7ulfgar UULFGAR 7ulfgar 7ulfgar ngarus episc. Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar 7ulfgar clericus clerc. clericus clericus clericus clericus clericus Clerico clericus clericus Wiltuniensis.... clericus clericus clericus clericus Wulfgar minister Wlfgar minister Wulfger wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar clericus clericus clericus Bishop BishOp Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald ca. Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar King Eadgar Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald King Eadgar May 15, 969 or Oswald Oswald Oswald 960 x 968 for 968 for 972 x post post 966 966 966 972 967 967 967 967 967 967 967 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 969 970 992 972 972 Bishop Oswald (977 for) King Eadgar King Eadgar manumissions Oswald Oswald Oswald 97& 97a n.d n.d 977 977 977 KCD 61$ KCD 616 KCD 617 KCD 618 KCD 619 KCD 620 KCD 683 KCD 623 Grueber pp. 202ff KCD 627 ASChr. C Birch, Hyde Reg. Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 20 Liber Eliensis KCD 630 KCD 631 KCD 623 KCD 63& KCD 636 KCD 1279 KCD 1280 KCD 638 KCD 639 KCD 637 Earle pp. 207-8 KCD 6&1 KCD 6&3 Liber Eliensis p. 130 KCD 1281 KCD 1282 KCD 6&& KCD 6&5 KCD 6&6 KCD 6&8 KCD 1283 KCD 6&9 p. 108 Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar moneyer et a1. Wulfgar Wulfgar Wilton 7ulfgar clericus clericus clericus clericus clericus clericus clericus clericus or Wulgar, of Ethelred II, clericus becomes bishop of episcopus 7iltuniensis ecclesie 7ulfgar Uulgarus Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Uulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar wulfgar episcopus clericus clericus episcopus clericus episcopus episcopus episcopus episcopus episcopus clericus c1. Wlfgar episcopus Wulfgar abbas Wulgar abbas Uulfgar episcopus Wulfgarus episcopus Wulfgar Wulfgar Wulfgar clericus clericus clericus Wulfgarus episcopus Uulfgarus episcopus Wulfgar clericus Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald Oswald 979 x 1066 Oswald 981 n.d. 978 x Nomina Episcoparum 7i1tuniensis Ecclesa post Oswald Oswald Ebelred Oswald Eoelred fibelred Eoelred Eoelred Ebelred Oswald Bishop Oswald Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Ebelred Oswald Oswald Oswald Ebelred Eoelred Oswald 977 977 977 978 978 978 992 979 980 n.d. 975 981 981 982 982 983 983 983 983 983 983 98& 98& 98& n.d. 98& 98& 98& 98& 98& 985 985 985 352 KCD 651 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 985 xco ssa ' Wulfgar clericus Oswald 985 KCD 660 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 987 KCD 661 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 987 KCD 666 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 988 KCD 667 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 988 KCD 668 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 988 KCD 670 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 989 KCD 671 Wulfgar cleriéus Oswald 989 KCD 625 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 989 ASChr. CE Wulfgar abbot succeeds 990 Eadwine KCD 672 Wulfgar abbas Ebelred 990 KCD 67& Wulfgar clericus Oswald 990 KCD 675 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 990 Birch, Hyde Reg. p. 59 7ulfgar abbas Nomina Fratrum Abbandonensis Cenobii 990-1016 KCD 676 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 991 KCD 677 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 991 KCD 678 Wulfgar clericus Oswald 991 KCD 6&& Uulfgar abb abbandunens Ebelred 993 KCD 687 Wulfgar abbas Ebelred 99& KCD 692 Wlfgar (abbas) abelred 99$ KCD 693 wulfgar abbud Wynflaed n.d. Hart 1957/1 ngarus Abbas Ethelrie & Leofwyn 999 KCD 695 Wulfgar clericus Ealdulf 996 KCD 696 Uulfgar abbas Ebelred 996 Whitelock 1955 p. 53& Wulfgar abbot King Eoelred 996 (no. 120) KCD 698 Wulfgar Abbaduniensis ibelred 997 aecclesiae abbas KCD 698 Uulfgar minister Ebelred 997 KCD 700 Wulfgar abbas Ebelred 998 KCD 701 Wlfgar abbas Ebelred 998 Napier & Stevenson uulfgar abb King Ebelred 998 p. KCD 703 Uulfgar...abbas Sbelred 999 KCD 129& Uulfgar abbas ibelred 1000 KCD 706 Wlfgar minister Ebelred 1001 ‘1: '1 '1! ~ ‘~ St -:9‘g "'J: o.“ KCD 706 KCD 705 KCD 1295 KCD 1296 KCD 1296 KCD 1297 KCD 1298 Whitelock 1955 p. 5&1 (no. 12&) Robinson 1911 KCD 1299 KCD 709 KCD 710 KCD 71& KCD 71& KCD 1301 KCD 1301 KCD 71$ KCD 1303 KCD 130& KCD 1305 Napier & Stevenson Napier & Stevenson KCD 719 KCD 1307 KCD 1308 KCD 1309 KCD 1309 KCD 1309 KCD 1310 KCD 70& KCD 1312 Grueber pp. 287ff KCD 723 ASChr. CE Harmer writs KCD 797 no. 51 £353 Wlfgar abbas wulfgar abb Uulfgar abbas Wlfgar abbas Uulfgar minister Wulfgarus abbas Wulfgare minan cnihte Wulfgar abbot 7ulfgar abbas Wulfgar abbas Wulfgar abbas Wulfgarus abbas Wulfgar abbas Wulfgar minister Wulfgar abbas Wulfgar minister Wulfgar abbas Uulfgar abbas Uulgarus abbas Wulfgar abbas Hulfgare his mage wulfgar alfgares sunu Wulfgar abbas UulgaruS'abbas Wulfgar (abbas) Wulfgar minister Wulfgarus (mention) Wulfgar abbas Uulfgar abbas Wulfgar abbod abbatis Mei Wlfgari 7VLGAR moneyer of Cnut Wlfgarus abbas Wulfgar, abbot of Abbingdon dies Wulfgar minne portgerefa uulgari ibelred 1001 Ebelred 1001 Ebelred 1002 ibelred 1002 Ebelred 1002 Ebelred 1002 Will of Wulfric 1002 King Ebelred 1002 Ebelred 1002 Ebelred 1003 £belred 100& Ebelred 100& Ebelred 1005 Kbelred 100$ Ebelred 1005 £6elred 1005 Ebelred 1006 Ebelred 1007 Ebelred 1007 fibelred 1008 Bishop.Alfwold's will 1008 x 1012 Bishop Alfwolds Will 1008 x 1012 kbelred 1012 Ebelred July, 1012 ibelred 1013 Ebelred 101& ioelred 101& Kbelred 101& Ebelred 1015 Ebelred n.d Ebelred n.d 1016 x 1035 Ebelred 1016 1016 King Eadward ca. 10&2 Eadweard 1052 x 1053 xcn 897 Farstemann col. 13&7 Ellis DB I. 500 .Ellis DB II. 271 Ellis DB II. 253 Ellis DB II. 253 Ellis DB II. 253 Pant I. & Grueber p. 36 LVD p. 2 BCS 922 KCD iii &61 BCS 1107 BCS 1115 Ekwall p. 505 Porstemann col. 13&7 Porstemann col. 13&7 35& Wulger at Hiwerc Wolfker Ulgar ngar Ulgar Ulgar monachus Ulgar presbyter wulgari PVLFGAR ON LVNDE, moneyer of Henry 7ulfgar disc' PLACE NAMES Wolgeres imere Wulfgares gemare 7ulfgares gemare ngares imaren Wolvercote O Wolfkereshus Wolfkereswilare after Eadweard n.d. M. B. (VII) 107& Hants. 51b 1088 Warw. 2&0 1088 Sussex. 19b 1088 Hants. 51b. Berks. 60 Wilts. 71, 71b twice, 72b twice Dors. 83b. Somers. 93b twice Glouc. 167b Staff. 2&8 Shropsh. 256, 2S7b twice 258, 259 Linc. 360b Suff. 396b. Somers. 90b twice 1088 Chesh. 266b. 1088 Cat. Regum Svecia n.d. 1100 x 1135 Nomina Regum vel Ducum 13th c. King Eadwig 956 Bp Oswald 963 Bishop Oswald 963 King Eadgar 963 (Ulfgarcote DB) 1088 n.d. n.d. 8 132& Farstemann col. 800 Farstemann col. 791 Farstemann col. 791 Pn. col. &81 355 HYRMENLAF -younger brother of Eschere -a Dane Yrmenlafes (gen.) n.d. Irminlev Lc. (n.&) Ermelaus St. M. Ermelaus St. M. Irminleib MG II. 1&0 79& 962 1006 n.d. 356 DEFINITION OF TERMS AN (Anglo—Norman)-e-——-The name is to be found in Round, Domesday Book, late entries in LVD, or other Anglo- Norman documents. Anglo—Germanic ————————— The name may be found in Anglo-Saxon and continental sources dealing with the Germanic peoples. Anglo-Norse ------------ The name may be found in Anglo-Saxon and Northern documents. AS (Anglo-Saxon) ------- The name may be found in Anglo-Saxon histories, chronicles, charters, wills, or place names. Norse, Northern -------- The name may be found in ON, OSwed, ODan, or OIcel documents or place names. Norse-Germanic --------- The name appears in Northern and continental sources dealing with Germanic peoples. ODan (Old Danish) ------ The name occurs in Old Danish histories, chronicles or king's lists, chiefly Saxo and those compiled by Langebek and Gertz. OHG (Old High German)—-The name appears in Old High German documents and other early sources dealing with Germanic peoples. ON (Old Norse) --------- The name may be found in ancient or medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sources, such as Origines Islandicae, Corpus Poeticum Boreale, or the Norse Sagas. OSwed (Old Swedish)--—-The name occurs in Old Swedish chronicles, king's lists, or sagas. Principle sources are Fant, Ynglinga Saga, Ynglingatal. pan-Germanic ----------- The name may be found throughout Anglo-Saxon, Northern, and continental sources dealing with Germanic peoples. e. e, ‘FA ,1 no. 56' .:-ppv ‘vanv. -§ ..-! at . . 'uu.v " - ‘ 'u‘f-‘\ "'q“ '- (1. ’ H. I} I‘D!- -‘\ .. __q. .. 1‘ »-: :‘ ‘ 1 .-' ‘ u s .A I ‘ ‘-:“ NI :w.‘y ~ . ‘ I f \ s It; ui’.‘\‘ - \fi‘p. ‘ y n K \ ... \ U‘ M u~. p 357 FINDINGS ON NAMES Elfheree—v—n—e—An Anglo—Germanic name with some few genuine appearances (5) in Northern areas. Eschere -------- An Anglo—Germanic name but also known in Northern areas, as evidenced by place names and runic inscriptions. ODan occurrences are very late. Baanstan ------- The only certain occurrence appears in Beowulf. Egowulf -------- A genuine ON name, possibly also occurring in OHG. The name appears to be known in ODan historical sources. Since Sweet 3 citation is dubious, not appearing in the Stevenson edition of LVD, the only certain occurrence in AS sources outside of Beowulf appears in Domesday Book, and that is very late. Breca ---------- Seems to be extant only in AS and OHG, although a porolf Braker appears in Landnama-boc (translated Thorwolf, son of Breca). Daghrefn ------- Occurs only in Beowulf and in OHG documents. Eadgils -------- A heroic name well known in AS, ON, ODan and OSw sources. Historically, the name occurs in AS and OHG sources and appears in ON, ODan and OSwed genealogies. Eanmund -------- An Anglo-Germanic name for which no exact ON equivalent has been found. Ecglaf --------- A name frequent in both AS and ON sources: also appears in OHG, but is not certain in ODan sources. Ecgbeow -------- Though the name shows genuine Norse expression, the predominant number of occurences come from OHG. A Norse—Germanic name, no native AS references appear outside of Beowulf. Ecgwela -------- The only certain instance occurs in Beowulf. One possible but doubtful OHG instance is cited by FOrstemann. Eofor ---------- This genuine Norse name appears in ON, OSwed, OIcel as well as OHG sources. .-_.~ a. _. 'v 7.... .v‘. .. . . . --..‘ c .. “Y "Cv' . . >’A -" . - ."-el‘l e -.- n‘A .Q V ...» - ‘ .-. ;‘ hi- N “ J ,s ..p‘ i ‘V‘ H“ u I f k. .s I‘L‘a "‘.“ i q K E i.- .._~4 .'6‘;N H H E .u 1‘ ‘ ‘. 2.: ‘\ \ F n. ‘K 358 Eomar --------- Historical AS name, but best known from Mercian genealogy. This name seems to be entirely unknown in ON literary and historical documents. Eormenric—--e—A famous Gothic king much cited in AS genealogies, ON and ODan heroic legends, and in OHG historical sources. Finn--—---—«—-A name of wide currency in AS and ON sources. It is apparently unknown, however, in OHG. Fitela ———————— An uncommon heroic name found in ON as Sinfjétli, yet having some genuine historical expression in AS place names. The names Vitale, Vitalis may or may not be analogous. Folcwalda ----- A genuine personal name, apparently of OHG origin. Also occurs in AS; rare in ON. Franaru ------ Found only in Beowulf and in OHG masculine name Freioverus. The name is easily possible, the element -waru being very common, the element Frea- somewhat older, used principally in ancient genealogies (cf. Frealaf, Freawine Wessex gen. 855 ASChr). ON *Froyvor is not extant. FrEScyning-—--Found only in Beowulf. This name is apparently a coinage of the poet meaning "the Frisian King." Froda --------- Extremely well-known heroic name in ON and ODan sources, also finding historical expression in AS, ON, and OHG sources. Garmund ------- A genuine ON name, but also well represented AS and OHG sources. In ODan sources, Vermund or Wermund is much more prevalent than the Beowulfian Garmund. Gaat ---------- Well-known name in ON, OHG, AS sources; less frequent in ODan. Appearing frequently in ancient genealogies, it is both a historic and heroic name. Grendel ------- Only appears in Beowulf and in AS place names. This mythological name is apparently exclusively AS. Gublaf -------- A genuine ON name, but very rare in OHG and AS sources, occurring only in the Finnsburg Fragment outside of Beowulf in AS. 359 Hareo --------- Appears to be an Anglo—Germanic name, with many occurrences in AS but more in OHG. Naumann (p. 180) states that it could be a good Norse name, but analogous forms are comparatively rare in Northern documents. Habcyn ———————— Naumann states (p. 180) that Habcyn could really be placed with ON HobkuOr. Hao- as a name element occurs relatively frequently in AS sources (52 entries in LVD), but —cyn is extremely rare as a second element. Halga --------- An extremely well-known, extremely popular ON name. Numerous occurrences in AS, OHG, and especially ODan and ON sources. Hama ---------- Apparently an Anglo—Germanic name, although also occurring in ODan sources (chiefly Saxo). ON Heimir may also be an analogous form. Healf-Dene--—-Another extremely well-known, much-used ON name. The name occurs repeatedly in Northern genealogies, expecially Norwegian kings’s lists. Numerous instances occur in AS and especially in ODan and ON sources; extremely rare in OHG. HeardrEd ------ An Anglo~Germanic name frequent in AS and OHG sources. The name is extremely rare in Northern areas, being extant only in the appellation of Norwegian king Haraldr Haroraoi. Heapolaf ------ Extant only in AS (Beowulf) and in OHG. The habu-, heaOu— first element 13 very common in AS (80 entries in LVD), while the second element ~laf occurs relatively rarely. Hemming ------- A genuine ON name, frequent in ON and ODan sources, less common in AS and OHG. Most AS citations may be of Northern origin. Hengest ------- A name much cited in AS historical sources, extremely rare in OHG, appearing only once very late (10&2). It is not extant in Norse sources. _Heorog5r ------ An Anglo-Germanic name, not frequent in AS but well-known in OHG. ON Hjorgeirr is not extant. Heorot-— ------ A name found frequently in AS place names. Heoroweard-cn-A heroic name, well—known in ON and ODan. The name appears in OHG (frequently) and AS (infreo quently) as the name of historical persons. A P. . v “'3' v -r. I-. .- .x‘: '6 360 Herebealde—«aeAnother AngloeGermanic name occurring frequently in OHG, somewhat infrequently and generally early in AS. Not extant in ON. Heremoda-«~~--Found in ON, OHG, AS but not in ODan sources. Though the name is basically heroic, appearing in many AS genealogies, it was also borne by historical persons. ' § e Hereric—n ----- A genuine Anglo-Germanlc name, but unknown in Norse areas unless Harekr is an analogous form. Hildeburg ————— An Anglo—Germanic name, frequent in OHG, infrequent in AS, not extant in ON or ODan sources. Hnaf ---------- A genuine ON name, appearing also in ODan, OHG, and AS sources. H5c ----------- Appears in AS sources primarily: infrequent in OHG, rare_in 0N (two references). Place names containing Hoc abound, in AS especially, and in ODan. Hondscioh ----- Found in Beowulf and in AS and OHG place names. HrEOel -------- An Anglo-Germanic name appearing exclusively in AS and OHG sources. Hrébric ------- A well-known ON name, frequent in ON, ODan, OHG sources, rare in AS. Still common today in the Spanish surname Rodriguez. Hrobgar ------- Another extremely well-known ON name, found abundantly in ODan, OHG, ON, and especially AN sources, somewhat infrequently in AS sources (outside of Domesday Book which includes large numbers of Anglo-Norman names). Still common today in AN Roger. Hr56mund ------ A genuine ON name, also very frequent in OHG. The name is rare, though definitely extant, in AS and ODan sources. Hropulf ------- An extremely well-known ON name, appearing most frequently in ODan, ON, OHG and AS sources. AN Radulfus, also extremely frequent in Domesday Book and in other Anglo-Norman or late Anglo-Saxon sources, may or may not be an analogous form. Hunlafing ----- An Anglo-Germanic name, extant in AS and OHG, unknown in ON and ODan. L...)} ""LU 'v .-A “3“. U ‘v .-- .5 s 3" 361 Hygd—«na-«——a—Not extant outside of Beowulf. The first element Hygn is common in LVD (8& occurrences), even used in two feminine names (hngryd, hygburgl but the simplex form does not appear to be extant except in Beowulf and some questionable AS place-names. Hygelac——---—w0ne of the few Geatish (?) names that is well- known in ODan sources. In AS, citations are for the most part early; in ON, very rare and based on ancient tradition; in OHG, infrequent and early. Only in Denmark does the name appear very frequently, surviv- ing to this day in the south Jutlandish names Hoglek, Houle, Hugle, Hollesen (see Starcke p. 102). Ingeld -------- A very well-known 0N heroic and historic name, found abundantly in ODan, AS, and ON sources, but less frequently in OHG. Merewi5ing—---As might be expected, much cited in OHG sources, but not extensively elsewhere. The name is known in the North and in AS England but not extant in ODan sources, where Charlemagne seems to be the first Frankish king of whom they have much knowledge. Modprybo ------ If, as Klaeber and others, we accept the reading Modbryéo wag for the MS mod pry60 wag, then the name is extant only in Beowulf. If, however, the name is really pryOO as Grueber and others suggest, then we can find many analogous names in OHG, two in ON. The Liber Vitae Dunelmensis contains many com— pound names with the second element -6ryo (56 in all) but ModOryO does not occur. Ferstemann cites 35 different compounds beginning with mod- and 168 different compounds ending with —pryo (OHG drud, druda, drudis, trudis, truda, druth, thrut, etc.), none analogous to Moddrybo. pryo as a simplex form does not appear to be extant in AS historical sources. Offa ---------- Found extensively throughout ODan and AS, less frequently in OHG, infrequently in ON. Offa is apparently an Anglian name, well—known both in Denmark and in England, but also used in Frisia. Ohthere ------- A genuine ON name with numerous occurrences in AS, ON, and OHG, few in ODan, sources. Also prominent in OSwed sources. The name still survives today as Danish Ottarr. Onela—-—-—«—~~In the Northern form Ali, extensive occurrences may be found in ODan, ON, OHG sources (only in DOmesday Book for AS, and these may be Anglo—Norman names). The more analogous form Onila, Anila, Anulo, Analo also occurs in OHG and in runic inscriptions. Place-names, however, indicate a genuine Norse origin. 362 OngenPEOWn—--HA famous heroic name, the corresponding but always phonemically analagous forms appearing somewhat frequently in ON sagas and poetry, also in AS genealoe gies. The name also appears in ODan and OHG sources, but, strangely, not in OSwed. There is little evidence that the name was carried by historical persons. 6315f---,-----The ON Asleifr is a genuine analog to AS Oslaf, but the name occurs historically in England long before the Vikings appeared. Since the name also appears in OHG, it in all probability was brought over from Anglia or Saxony in the AS invasions. Scéfing----——-A mythological name associated with Scyld, appearing mostly in ancient AS genealogies. The name appears in Northern genealogies as Sesef, Seskef, Sescef, Seseph. Scyld --------- A mythological name, well—known in Northern sources, appearing prominently in ODan, ON, and AS genealogies. Name may also have been carried by historical persons of Icelandic or Norwegian origin (see data). The name Scyld is well represented in AS place-names. Sigemund ------ A well-known heroic—mythological, as well as historical, name found extensively in ON, OHG, and AS, less frequently in ODan. The name could have origi- nated either in OHG or ON, but probably appeared in England long before the Viking invasions. Swerting ------ Frequent in ODan, ON, and AS documents, though most entries in A8 are late (most occurring in Domesday Book). The name seems to be strangely lacking in OHG. Unferb -------- (MS HVN fero, hun ferp, hunferO) The name appears extensively in OHG and AS sources, both in the Hunfero, HunfriO, Hunfridus, and the Unfrid, Unfridus forms. The large number of occurrences in Domesday Book also points to its popularity in AN. The name, however, seems to be entirely unknown in Northern sources (ON and ODan). Wals ---------- A genuine 0N name, also well-known in OHG, but rare in AS and ODan. The name, meaning "slaughter," is probably of mythological origin but also appears both in simplex form and in compound names borne by historical persons. 4.1 1 I) 363 WealhpEow—naaaUncertain whether OHG forms Walateus, Woladeo are really analogous. Ordinarily wpeow asfa final name element only appears on masculine names, Wealhbeow being the single known exception. The ON Valpfiafr (AS WalpEOf) is not analogous, meaning "slaughter- thief" as opposed to Wealhpeow, "Celtic servant." Though «beow is uncommon’in AS England (found only in genealogies and other ancient sources), this element is common in OHG (appearing as -deo, -diu, -teo, —thiu, etc (Ebrstemann in col. 1155-6 lists 72 different compounds), and occurs in ON (cf. Hamoir). The name Wealhpeow is very likely a coinage of the poet. Walsing ------- An ON mytho-heroic name well—known in ON literature. WEland -------- Though this mythological name occurs in AS and in ON, its real home appears to be OHG, where the name is both much more prevalent and borne by historical persons. Wiglaf -------- A good AS name, also appearing infrequently in ON as Véleifr, but very rare in ODan and OHG. Wihstan, ------ A prominent AS name also appearing in Northern Weohstan sources (runic Vistain, ON Vésteinn). The name may be of Norse origin, but appears to be unknown in OHG. Wiber—gyld----An infrequent Anglo-Germanic name appearing only in AS and OHG. Unknown in ON and ODan sources, although the first element occurs in the ON simplex form Vibarr. Woand -------- Found infrequently in OHG and ON outside of Beowulf. Wulf ---------- A very frequent name in ON, AS, and OHG, also appearing in ODan. The name appears to be common to Germanic areas in general. Wulfgar ------- A well-known AS name, especially prominent in AS charters. The name also occurs extensively in OHG, but is almost unknown in early Northern sources, appearing only in an OSwed king's list. Yrmenlaf ------ Supposedly a Dane in Beowulf, but the name is extant only in OHG outside of that work. Naumann (p. 182) states that Yrmen— is an entirely non-Norse theme. 36& To summarize our findings, then, the names in Beowu1f may be grouped into nine broad classifications based on where they are extant: I. AnglonNorseaGermanic«found in AS, ON, ODan, OHG generally. Eadgils, Eormenric, Fr5da, Garmund, GEat, Halga, Hama, Hemming, Heoroweard, Hnaf, Hoe, HrEOric, Hr56gar, HrSOmund, Hrodulf, Hygelac, Ingeld, 0ffa, Ohthere, Onela (Ali), OngeanOW, Sigemund, Wals, Wulf II. Anglo-West Norse—Germanic—Found in AS, ON, OHG, but questionable or lacking in ODan: Beowulf, Ecglafl, Eoforl, Fitela, Gublafl, Heremodl, Oslaf, Walsing III. Anglo-East Norse-Germanic—Found in AS, ODan, OHG, but not in ON. Eschere, Eomar IV. Anglo-Norse—Found in AS, ON, ODan, but lacking or very rare in OHG. Finn, Healfdere, Scyld, Wiglaf, Wihstan V. Anglo-Germanic-Found in AS and OHG, but lacking or very rare in ON, ODan,and OSwed. Elfhere, Breca, Eanmund, Folcwalda, Hareo, HeardrEd, Heapolaf, Hengest, Heorogar, Herebeald, Hereric, Hildeburg, Hondscioh, HrEOel, Hunlafing, Merewioing, Unfero, WEland, Wibergyld, Wulfgar VI. Norse-Germanic-Found only in Beowulf, OHG, and ON. EcngOW, bryoo, Woand VII. Anglo-Saxon—Found only in Beowulf and AS sources. Grendel, SCEfing (as Scef, Sceafa etc.) VIII. Old High German-—Found only in Beowulf and OHG sources. Daghrefn, ?Ecgwela, ?Franaru, Ha6cyn, Onela, ?WealhpEOw, Yrmenlaf IX. Beowulfian-Found only in Beowulf. Beanstan, Frascyning, Hygd, M5dprybo Lacking in ODan historical sources. Runic entries from Wimmer and Liljegren, however, may originate in Denmark. Such classification points out that the Beowulf poet drew his names from a wide diversity of geographical origins. The implications of this become more clear when we classify the names by tribal groups. 365 If we use Klaeber's classifications according to tribal origin, we come.out with the following results: Til? 39933.3 EomEr, son of Angle King Offa Garmund, father of Angle King Offa Hemming, kinsman to Offa and Eomer Hodbrybo, wife of Anglian King Offa prybo, wife of Anglian King Offa Offa, king of the Angles THE BRONDINGS Baanstan, father of Breca Breca, chief of the Brondings THE DANES Eschere, counselor of Hrobgar BEowulf, son of Scyld Ecglaf, father of Unfero Ecgwela, unknown Danish king Préawaru, daughter of Hrobgar Gublaf, a warrior Halga, brother of Hrobgar Healfdene, king of Danes Heorogar, Danish_king, elder brother of Hrobgar Heoroweard, son of Heorogar Heremod, king of Danes HrEBric, son of Hrobgar, Danish prince Hrobgar, king of Danes Hrabmund, son of Hrobgar, Danish prince Hr56ulf, son of Halga Oslaf, a Danish warrior Scafing Scyld, a mythical Danish king AnENeG (rare in OHG) A—N-G A—NeG p32 N-G A-N-G (heavily Anglo- Danish) Bag A—G A-EN-G A-WN-G (dubius in OHG) A-WN—G1 Beo and OHG Beo and OHG A-WN-G1 (rare in AS) A-N—G A-N-G (two entries in OHG) A-G (single mention in OSwed) A-N-G A-WN—G A—N-G (late and doubtful in AS) A-N-G (late in AS; common in AN) 1 A-N-G (infrequent in AS and ON) A—N—G A-WN—G AS AuN-G (single entry in OHG) 366 Unfer6,_courtier of HergEr wulfgir, an official at.court of Hr503§r Yrmenlif, a Dane A-G AaG "Beo and OHG THE'EAST PRISIANS Finn, king of East Frisians Folcwalda, father of Finn THE FRANKS Merewioing, king of the Franks THE GEATS Eofor, slayer of Ongenb50w Baowulf, (GEat) Hareo, father of Hygd Habcyn, 2nd son of Hreoel Geatish prince HeardrEd, Geatish king, son of Hygelac Herebeald, a Geatish Prince, elder son of Hrebel Hereric, uncle of Heardréd, brother of Hygd Hondscioh, a G5at warrior Hrébel-grandfather of Egowulf king of the Geats, father of Hygelac Hygd, wife of Hygelac Hygelac, king of the GEats Swerting, maternal uncle or grandfather of Hygelac Woand, father of Wulf and Eofor Wulf, a Geat warrior THE HALF-DANES Hengest, the leader of Half—Danes Hildeburg, sister of Hnaf Hnef, chief of Half—Danes H5c, father of Hildeburg and Hnaf AnN A—N-G (single entry in ON) OHG (rare in AS and ON) A-WN—G1 A-WN-G A-G (questionable in ON) Bag and OHG A-G A—G A-G (questionable in ON) Beo A—N-G A-N-G N—G A-N-G A-G A—G A-N-G A—NeG ...9 32:1 . \ s - .tfi ‘v ‘M . . K "‘ Q‘ \ ‘1 367 Hunlafing, warrior in Hengest's A—G band ‘ 1:13 WO‘PBARDS Frada, father of Ingeld, king A—NeG of Heabobards Ingeld, prince of Heabobards A-N-G Wibergyld, a Headobards warrior A—G THE HELMINGS WealhpEOW, Hrobgar's queen Beo and OHG (questionable in OHG) THE HUGAS Daghrefn, a warrior Beo and OHG THE OSTROGOTHS Eormenric, a famous Ostrogothic A-N—G king Hama, from the Gothic cycle of A-N-G legends THE SWEDES Eadgils, son of Ohthere A-N—G Eanmund, son of Ohthere A—G (not in OSwed) Ohthere, son of Swedish king A—N-G Ongenpeow Onela, king of the Swedes, son E22 and OHG (Ali A-N-G) of Ongenpeow OngenbEOw, king of the Swedes A-N-G (not in OSwed) THE WEGMUNDINGS ?Elfhere, kinsman of Wiglaf A—G (rare in ON) Wiglaf, kinsman of Baowulf A—N-G (single entry in OHG) Wihstan, father of Wiglaf A-WN1 Ecgbéow, father of Baowulf N-G THE WELSINGS Fitela, nephew and son of A-WN-G (rare in AS) Sigemund Sigmund, son of Wals A—N—G Wals, father of Sigemund A-N-G ’THE WEST FRISIANS Frascyning, king of the ”Beg West Frisians 368 THE'WYLFINGS Heapolaf. a man of the Wylfings A-G 1No entries in ODan historical sources. However, some of the runic entries may originate in Denmark. Essentially, what is clearly evident from this classification is that the names in Beowulf are drawn from widely different areas. In many cases, names of a partic— ular tribe do not appear to come from the same geographical area. In the case of the GEats, the names of the members of the tribe appear to be of continental origin rather than from the Scandinavian location most scholars today accept. The variety of geographical areas shown in the name-dispersal of a single tribe suggests that all may not have originally belonged to the tribe; that the Beowulf poet provided some of his own names; or that these names have been lost and fallen into disuse in their original areas. Still, it brings into question the accuracy of the poet in his use of names. :15 m1 '15:on 7‘ A. . ......al "h " "kil “.1-:h'_ .6...‘--\l 369 CHAPTER III The Digressions: History or Myth? It is not difficult to Support the proposition that the three main episodes in Beowulf belong to myth, not history. Baowulf himself, who possesses most of the tradi— tional hero's characteristic features, also acts much like the typical mythic hero.1 Nor would any serious literary critic maintain that a fight in which the protagonist wrenches the arm completely off his giant opponent's shoulder, an all day dive into an enchanted mere filled with nicors and sea—monsters to fight a sea-witch, or a confrontation with a fire—breathing dragon is the stuff of history. Moreover, the epic has most all the features of a traditional narrative, as defined by Raglan.2 Since the main plot and the hero of the epic cannot be considered historical, it is in the digressions that we must look for historical events, if any are embodied in the poem. Let us then examine the digressions in order to deter— mine whether they are likely to have been founded on histor- ical incidents, or whether, like the main story, they are the matter of literary invention or myth. The Scyld Story B 26-52 Scyld's mysterious arrival as a child surrounded by riches marks him as a mythic figure. That, along with the fact that his name chiefly appears in ancient genealogies q t F” ..v 9 -' 9 I ‘l ..Kv. uphik IeUU I Q -o-.4 \ I ...-h. .0 ...: 1W: M... l ‘1‘? ....l ...- P. ""h. :‘J as r u rv. 370 closely associated with.Obinn, Lother, Scef, Heremod, and Skelfir, is a strong indication of mythic origin. The only probable historical occurrence of the name unearthed in this study appears in DN II. 1&9 in 1329. The Skjoldr bondi in Barbar Saga'Snafellsass and the Skjoldr in Njals Saga may be historical or fictional: with the sagas it is hard to determine. In all probability, Scyld is the eponymous ancestor of the Danish royal line, invented to explain the title Scyldings (ON Skjoldungar) that the Danes applied to themselves as a people. EcngOW‘s Exile B 262-66, u59-72 EcngOw, though it is a good OHG name, appears earliest as a heroic-mythological figure in the Voluspa and other ancient ON poems. Named by the poet as father of 850wulf, he more likely is an heroic interloper designed to give the hero a more distinctive ancestry, since his name alliterates neither with Esowulf nor with the other Wagmund- ings, Wiglaf and WeOhstan, to whose family he supposedly belongs. His story--that he slew Heabolaf of the Wylfings and had to go into exile as an old man—-is a dramatic one, probably oft-repeated in a society where blood-feuds were a kinship obligation. It also provides an opportunity for Hrsogar to say, "Yes, I knew his father," and to show what a generous king he had been in paying Heapolaf's wergild for Ecgpéow. The name Heapolaf itself is suspicious, mean- ing "battle—leaving,“ though entirely possible. Yet it is 371 extremely rare, definitely extant in only one instance outside of Beowulf. His tribe or family of Wylfings is also possible, as Wulf seems to have been a common Germanic name. The digression on Ecg650w's exile seems designed mainly to give Esowulf some distinctive ancestry, with a secondary purpose of showing Hrobgar's generosity as an ideal, though weak, king. It also provides a ready-made introduction for the hero at Hrobgar's court. The Breca Incident B &99—606 The Breca incident seems to be entirely dramatic, placed into the epic by the poet for specific dramatic pur— pose: to point out Esowulf's prowess even as a youth. Few critics, if any, are going to maintain that two young men, clad in ring-mail and carrying swords, could swim seven days in stormy seas, meanwhile slaying nine sea-monsters who dragged one of the participants nearly to the bottom before being slain. One youth then ends up in the land of the Heapo—Rémas, an unknown tribe, while the other ends up in the land of the Finns. Moreover, Breca bears a comparatively rare name, while his father's name Beanstan is unknown out- side of Beowulf. They theoretically belong to a tribe called the Brondings, a tribe noted only in Beowulf and WidsiO. What the incident does accomplish, however, is to set up a contrast between Esowulf and Unferb, showing BEowulf's superior prowess and integrity (He was not a slayer of kinsmen). It also points out publicly why our hero is qualified to face Grendel; he has superior strength and has live. 5'- ‘0 ‘4 A': . .Y‘;v-l e ..L: 'a ‘ ‘\ (‘7‘ I 372 performed hold deeds. .This, along with his other solid accomplishmentSeaslaying five giants, fighting in many battlesenand his distinguished anceStry-«son of Ecgpéow, grandson of Hrgbelenqualifies him as a fit opponent for Grendel; only someone with these high qualifications could hope to match the giant in battle. The incident also gives Egowulf an opportunity to speak his "beot," committing him more fully to the fearful task before him. He could hardly back out after stating that. So we see that the incident is primarily mytho-dramatic rather than being in any way historical. Sigemund and Fitela B 87&b-900 The tale of Sigemund and Fitela, how they had slain vast numbers of the giants' kin with swords and performed valiant deeds, in addition to Sigemund's slaying of the dragon and carrying away of the treasure, also belongs to the realm of heroic myth, rather than history. No serious historian equates the slaying of giants and dragons with historical truth. Moreover, the Norse legends of Sigemund (ON Sigmundr) and Fitela (ON Sinfjotli) reinforce the im— pression the epic gives up. Who could seriously believe in the historical reality of men who assume wolf form ten days to go about killing others? (See Volsunga Saga pp. &6—7) Sigemund's father too bears a somewhat questionable name—— Wals, meaning "slaughter." I suppose it is a possible warrior name, but it has a suspicious affinity to Valhalla "slaughterehall." The Walsings were "descendents of slaughter" tell Vie ... ‘4" All [1" l' I ;, (l’ 373 or "kinsman of slaughter,".a not unnatural title for a warrior tribe to ascribe to itself. The name does seem to have been used as a Norse personal name during the settle- ment of Iceland and later, and to have been common in OHG, but appears to be extremely rare in AS England, appearing only in place names outside of Baowulf. Though Sigemund is a common Germanic name, and Fitela appears infrequently, the purpose of the digression is to glorify Egowulf, not to illustrate history. The tale of Sigemund slaying the dragon and recovering treasure foreshadows Egowulf's later fight with the dragon and his gaining of treasure for his people. The mention of Sigemund and Fitela's slaughter of giants' kin echoes our hero's just completed triumph over Grendel. In reciting the deeds of Sigemund and Fitela, the scop associates Béowulf with the highest company of ancient heroes, a ranking that surely would have pleased him. In addition, such association elevates both the hero and the action to epic stature. Heremod B 901-905, 1709b-2&a Immediately following the lay of Sigemund, the poet goes on to contrast him with Heremod, who had been exalted in power and strength, ranked above all men. Yet he turned to slaughter of shoulder-companions, gave out no rings, became swollen with anger. He was no joy to his people. Now the name Heremad was borne by historical persons in Anglo«Saxon and Germanic areas. However, the Heremod re— ferred to here shows up principally in ancient genealogies 37& and Old Norse.heroic«mythological poems, neither of which can be trusted very far. He is closely associated with Scyld and Woden, generally preCeding Scyld; sometimes pre- ceding,. sometimes following Woden. In the poem, he illustrates how the wicked king operates: being niggardly, killing his thegns. Hrobgar even goes so far as to say that he specifically recited the tale in order that Egowulf might learn from it (B 1722b-2&a). Like Scyld and Sigemund, Heremod is drawn from the misty past: to the poet, his was an ancient heroic name. His name, meaning "army pride," made it appropriate for the poet to associate with him a reputation as a wicked, bloodthirsty king; thus the poet uses him as a contrast to the behavior of Hrobgar, a more-or- less ideal king (only lacking in strength and prowess to face Grendel) and to warn Baowulf what to avoid when he becomes king. (Note that there seems to be no doubt in the poet's or Hrobgar's mind that Baowulf will become king.) So here again, the digressions on Heremod chiefly serve a dramatic and thematic purpose--to illustrate how the bad king acts and the unfortunate results of those actions. The Story of Finn B 1068-1157a Finn, too, is found in many very old genealogies, both Anglo-Saxon and Norse, sometimes as son of Folcwalda, more often as the son or successor to Godwulf. The BEowulf poet chooses the less popular, questionable ancestor, Folcwalda. The name Finn, both heroic and historical, finds unusually wide currency, even showing up as an Irish heroic . . ....CE. 15:0: " i.e.-49 f \ ‘ J ~ ‘ :1“ NA ‘1 a: A\U , \ CL '87? q 9. . I. ‘I we t u" 375 name i.e. Finn McCool. Other names occurring in the story are} GablEf (historical name). Hengest (highly questionable), Hildeburh (good OHG namel, Hnaf (a heroic, but apparently historical OHG and ON namel, H5c (historical name), Hunlaf (historical namel, and Oslaf (historical name). Of these, Finn, Folcwalda, Hengest, Hnef, and possibly Hoc are names of famous heroes of antiquity. It seems somewhat strange that all these heroes should appear in the same story. It's as if Davy Crocket, Daniel Boone, Paul Bunyan, Mike Pink, and John Henry all appeared in the same episode, with Betsy Ross thrown in for good measure. Finn, if he really existed, was most likely the son of Godwulf, not Folcwalda, whose name means "Ruler of the People." Hengest, too, may never have been an historical figure; he appears in the highly suspicious and probably non—historical portions of the Anglo— Saxon Chronicle. Like Hoc, Hnaf seems to be vaguely remem- bered in the Norse areas as a famous sea-king; Saxo makes him a king of Saxony. Only Widsio and Beowulf agree on the ancestry of Finn (Fin Folcwalding W27) and Hnaf (Hnaf (weold) Hocingum W29), and the writers of both these works are draw- ing from a common Anglo-Saxon tradition. No wonder, then, that they agree. The story itself deals with the heroic motives of conflict between peoples, the peace-weaving princess, the blood—feud, the duty of revenge, the final retribution. It tells of the final glorious victory on the part of the Scyldings, a tale fitting for the celebration in Hrobgar‘s hall. The whole tale illustrates the futility o u n r on! U v I I I0 376 of princesses as peacenweavers; as such it parallels the Ingeld episode, in a sense illustrating the truth of the baleful propecy at the end of that episode. Once again, the tale is used primarily as a dramatic and thematic device, blending in with the action of the epic—wcelebration at the death of Grendel. Eormenric and Hama B 1197—1201 Eormenric is perhaps the first historical figure mentioned in the digressions. His death in 375 A.D is well attested by Jordanes, Cassiodorus, Ammius, and others. The story of Hama's stealing of the BrSSinga mene (0N Brisinga men), however, belongs to legend, not history, being men— tioned in Widsio, Deor, pibreks Saga and other heroic literature. Hama has also been adopted as a Norse hero by Saxo, in Volsunga Saga, and in ON poetry (see Thulor 1.2). The story is brought up at this point in Baowulf as a com- parison to the rich necklace Hrobgar gives BEowulf as a reward for cleansing Heorot (though shortly after, sorrow is renewed). The allusion thus is intended to elevate the --worth of Hrobgar's gift, showing the great value of the necklace by comparing it to Eormenric's ancient and fabulous treasure. It is not designed to prove that Eormenric or Hama were historical persons, or that the incident alluded to was historical. a- ‘Y‘ ,4 ‘0! “- u 1 0'! «.fl 377 Hygelac‘s‘Raid B 1202e1&, 23suba68 2&90a2509, 2310b$21 The initial digression on Hygelac's death (which occurs in the poem before Hygelac dies) raises some inter— esting problems. Hygelac fought and died against the Frisians (B 1205bn91 yet his armor, his body, and the neck- lace pass into the hands of the Franks. Secondly the poet states that the Geatish people held the slaughter-field (B 1213b—1&al, which implies a Geatish, rather than Frisian, victory (cf. Anglo—Saxon Chronicle 836, 8&0, 8&3, 860, 871 etc.) The second allusion (B 235&b-68) mentions the presence of the Hetware as well in "FreSlondum," warriors who had no need to exult from that battle; few returned home. Baowulf then swims back to Geatland with thirty suits of armor, refusing the throne after his return to the Geatish court (B 2369-79a). The third reference to Hygelac's fatal expedition deals mainly with Baowulf's fulfilling the duties of the loyal thegn and his slaying, again by main strength alone, of Daghrefn the Huga warrior and standard bearer for the Frisian king (unnamed). In the final reference (8 2910b- 21), the Franks, the Frisians, the Hugas, the Hetware and the Merovingians are mentioned. The messenger expects trouble with all these peoples now that Esowulf is dead. In 'this digression the poet tells us that it is the Hetware who attacked Hygelac and slew him. Now the four accounts do not seem to agree entirely, and each account serves a different dramatic or thematic purpose in the epic. In the great the :1: Lace ' tent: uv986&( 3.. ‘ I» e , hp 9.0,, ‘1 I DH‘ "1 378 first account the poet.relates the further history of the great treasure necklace presented to BEOwulf, and foreShadows the death of Hygelac. (That 830wulf actually gives the neck— lace to Hygd upon his return to the Geatish court is not mentioned.) The second digression occurs after the dragon’s fire-raids, but before Béowulf meets the dragon. Here he is reciting his past prowess, telling the story of his accession (B 2369—79a), the story of Hrebel's tragedy (B 2&35-71), and the account of the Swedish wars (B 2379b—96, 2&72-89). The third reference is still part of this background-giving, where he again speaks of his prowess and strength, this time against Deghrefn, the "Huga cempan." This account, along with the previous heroic swimming feat, can only be con— sidered fabulous (He crushed Daghrefn to death with his war- grip); such feats of strength and prowess are typical of mythic heroes only. These feats are similar to Hercules crushing two great snakes in his cradle or Davy Crocket wrestling a bear as a baby. Even Sergeant York did not crush his opponents to death. The final allusion serves as a prophecy of future conflict between the Geats and the Frisians, Franks, Hetware, and Hugas now that the Geats have lost the people's helm. Now, as Raglan pointed out, prophecy is not history, but is in reality evidence that a work is non—historical.3 Whether the raid alluded to actually happened or not, the thematic and mythological treatment of the material can hardly be cited as primary evidence for the happening. The poet is not interested in 379 recording history; he is concerned with the effect.that a particular story has on his theme or the dramatic situation of the story before him. If he were interested in history, he would have written something like the Anglo—Saxon "ChroniCle, a straighteforward, unembellished prose work which itself contains many fabulous elements--the genealogies tracing kingly lines back to Woden, or the whole section on Hengest and Horsa, or the dragon that was reported seen (something like our little green men and flying saucers). The Madprybo Incident B 1931b-62 That the poet is using Modbryoo as the antithesis of Hygd, Hareb's daughter is readily apparent. Her tale comes immediately after a complimentary mention of Hygd's wisdom and generosity. Her actions, however, are much unlike Hygd's; they led to the shedding of thegn's blood, apparently on false accusation. No-one could look at her without losing his life. As the poet states, such was not the action of a peace-weaver. The lineage given here roughly agrees with Anglo-Saxon and Danish royal genealogies: Offa and Garmund are mentioned in both. Yet Garmund is named Wermund in most genealogies (closest analogy-Guerdmund in Nennius, para. 60); Eomar does not even appear in the Danish genealogies, and in the Anglo-Saxon ones is named variously as son of Ongen, AngelthEOW, and Angengeat; Hemming, a mythical sea—king, is nowhere else connected with Offa, but rather with the Helgi legends. The name M5dbry60 is possible but not probable: it is nowhere else extant. Much more % Do I. 1 . . c E 1h“! J \ 1“ 9|! k e X a» O fly I‘...‘ ‘ s . . nv e 5 l u U! 8. ad 30 all P. a s s t . “A If,“ .- .... a: o x a D P\ v .1 HM. G.» A-.. I a ....a A: C]. u ‘1. It ... . A .6!» v“. "I“ If... 'F u u t t ..I. ‘1‘ s .w u 1,5 e. I u .....v "H o 380 probable is brybo, a common OHG name (of. Porstemann, col. 3&8). The story itself is traditional, a."fierce maiden" tale similar to the stories of BrOnhilda of the HiEEl' ungenlied and Queen Olof of the Saga 9f Hgglf Kraki. Here it is used as a contrast to the generosity and wise accom— plishments of Hygd, who, like WealhpeOw, portrays the role of ideal folk-queen, gracious and generous. Egg Ingeld Episode B 2020-2066 The Ingeld episode emanates from the mention that Hr56gar's daughter has been promised to Ingeld, son of Froda, in an attempt to settle a blood-feud between the Danes and the Heabo-Bards. Baowulf predicts that the peace will not last long-~that some old warrior will drive a young warrior to kill one of the queen's thegns, thus renewing the strife. Wibergyld's fall is mentioned along with the coming strife. Now the story is somewhat paralleled by Saxo's account (Saxo VI. 231 ff), in which Prodo attacks two Saxon kings Hanef and Swerting, slaying Hanef and being slain by Swert- ing. His son Ingeld marries the daughter of Swerting, welcoming her seven brothers to his court. Starkad, an ancient berserk, eggs Ingild into slaughtering his seven brothers-in-law, thus avenging his father. Frotho's death. But there are some conflicts between the stories. The Beowulf poet identifies Swerting as an uncle or grandfather of Hygelac (B 1203); Saxo as a Saxon king. The Saxon King Hanef of Saxo may well have been the Hnaf, brother of Hildeburh, leader of the Healf—Denes in BeoWulf. Wibergyld, 381 whose name occurs elsewhere, appears to be a traditional champion, being mentioned in one of the thulas of Widsib (1. 12&). He does not show up in Saxo's account. There seems to be some question of the authenticity of Freawaru‘s name; while —waru is a common second element, Frea- as a first element occurs only in very ancient names, names which show up only in mythological poetry or ancient genealogies. Nor does Ingeld personally avenge himself in the Beowulf account, but a young warrior. This again contrasts with Saxo‘s tale. The point of the digression is not, however, to relate history; it is to tell a tale of sentence, one which illustrates how fragile the peace bonded by a "peace-weaver" really is, and how easily broken. Beowulf predicts a result Similar to what we find in the Finnsburg battle-—slaughter, revenge, alienation, and a renewal of the blood-feud. Wibergyld is mentioned by the Beowulf poet, just as Starkad is mentioned by Saxo, in order to elevate the tale, to make it sound more heroic. The episode reinforces the tragic, elegaic theme running through Beowulf as a whole—-that since man’s life is fated to come to a dark and tragic end, he can only bear up bravely and endure the pain and sorrow visited upon him by circumstances or Wyrd. Ingeld is caught in a conflict between his love for his wife and his loyalty to his thegns. This highly dramatic conflict makes for a good story, illustrating the choices a noble king must sometimes make, while also supporting the overall theme of 382 the work. Moreover, that the tale comes in the form of a prophecy strongly supports the assertion that this is not history, but dramatic literary narration, for no prediction of the future can be regarded as historical statement. That must deal with events that have already occurred, not predictions of coming events. Thus the tale of Ingeld too seem rather to belong in the realm of the literary rather than of the historical. The Swedish Wars B 2202-2206, 2379b-2396 2&72-2&89, 2611-2625a, 2922-2998 We have five mentions of the Swedish-Geatish wars in Beowulf, the greatest number for any event. Indeed, Hygelac's fall only rates four references. The first allusion to these wars occurs in 11. 2202-06 where we are told that after Hygelac had died and Heardréd had been slain by the Heado—Scylfings, B50wulf took the rule of the kingdom. In this case, the poet is introducing the third main episode of the epic and first must establish that B50wulf was king so that he, as helm of the Geats, must face and destroy the dragon. The poet also establishes that BEOwulf has been ruling "fiftig wintra" (B 2909a), pointing out that he is now a "frod cyning" (B 2909b), and an "eald Epelweard" (B 2210a). The poet's intent here seems to be to show how a very old and wise king should act in the face of an outside threat, even if that threat were a fire-breath- ing dragon. He must also inform his audience how Baowulf became king, since he (Baowulf) had previously refused the scepter (B 2373-76). 3.83 In the second reference (B 2379b-96), we learn that the sons of Ohthere had sought refuge in the Geatish court and that the son of OngenpeOw gave the kingdom over into BEowulf's hand after Heardréd lay dead. We learn further that BEowulf aided Eadgils in gaining revenge by depriving the king (apparently Onela) of his life. The poet then adds that the son of EcngOW had survived every "niba" (B 2397a), "sliora geslyhta" (B 2398a) and "ellenweorca" (B 2399a) until he met the dragon. Since this incident comes on the heels of references to Hygelac's fall (B 235&b- 68), and BEowulf's refusal to take the proffered kingship from Hygd (B 2369—79a), it becomes apparent that the poet here again is establishing the credentials of-850wulf for facing his mighty Opponent, the dragon. The poet is saying, as it were, "Look here. BEowulf is no ordinary fellow: he survived Hygelac's last battle, carrying away thirty suits of armor, turned down the kingship, took it after Heardréd was killed, and avenged Heardred's death. He obviously is qualified to fight a dragon." The poet again refers to the Swedish-Geatish wars in 11. 2&27-89, relating this time an earlier episode in the wars. The occasion was Hreoel's death, a time when foreign enemies often took advantage of a nation's temporary vulnerability after the loss of an experienced and powerful king. Ongenpeow's sons raided the Geatish marches near Hréosnabeorh, Habcyn being slain in a retaliatory raid. OngeanOw. the ancient Scylfing, then was slain by Eofor, 38& avenging Habcyn's death. Now since the Swedish historical sources preserve no memory of any Ongenbéow, but have in his place Egill Vendilcraca, and since Angantyr appears in other places as a famous berserk, one must question the Beowulf poet's historical accuracy. Here, as in other allusions, the poet seems to have inserted a famous heroic name in order to elevate the action. The digression comes immediately after the tragic episode of Herebeald's slaying (B 2&35-71), a slaying which could not be avenged, and is followed by the account of Baowulf's slaying of Daghrefn, the Huga warrior, by strength of arm alone (8 2&90-2509). These episodes provide the background for two "bEOts." Here again the poet provides BEowulf with full credentials for his "bEOts" against the dragon: he establishes that we are not dealing with just any old hero——this hero is a veteran of many conflicts; he has done many noteworthy deeds. As such, he has the right to boast of how he will face the dragon. The fourth mention of the Swedish Wars occurs (B 2611—25a) in reference to Wiglaf's sword--it had once belonged to Eanmund, Ohthere's son. weohstan, Wiglaf's father, had slain Eanmund in the raid on the Geatish court, receiving Eanmund's armor and weapons, from Onela, even though Onela was Eanmund's uncle. Wiglaf then inherited this war equipment upon his father's death. The purpose of this mention is to give the history of Wiglaf’s sword, to prove its age and value. Wiglaf was not fighting with just any sword—~it had once belonged to the Scylfing prince 385 Eanmund. Since Eanmund had been slain about fifty years before, the sword was both ancient and trustworthy. The thrust of the digression is to establish credentials for Wiglaf's sword, nothing more. Since Eanmund is nowhere remembered in Swedish or Norse sources, the name occurring only in AS and OHG, we again must treat the story with some caution. But, though the story is questionable historically, it makes perfect sense dramatically and literarily. Heroes always possess illustrious weapons. In order for Wiglaf to be accepted as a bona-fide hero, the poet must provide him with such a weapon. Thus he digresses to provide this necessary qualification. The final reference to the Swedish wars (B 2922-98) deals with the Battle of Ravenswood, where Habcyn was slain by Ongenbéow, and Ongenbéow in turn by Wulf and Eofor, after Hygelac had come to the beseiged Geats' rescue. The histo- ricity of this account must be held in question, however. For one thing, we can't be sure the Swedes ever had a king Angantyr; in Northern accounts he is called Agli or Egill Vendilkraka. In addition, he faces as enemies Danes and Jutes, not Geats. Moreover, he is slain at Vendel, not Ravensholt. And in some accounts the story is shifted to Ohthere. Thus we find in ancient genealogies both Egill Vendil-craca and Ottarr Vandil-kraka. The episode related here is told in connection with a prophecy that the Geats can expect trouble from the Swedes, as they can also expect hostility from the Merovingian dynasty, now that their e-.-\‘ a put 9 l 1 n \ w ‘Q '\\ 1‘» L1 , (I, t I 386 ‘people-protector BEOwulf is dead. Though the episode seems