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This is to certify that the

thesis entitled

MAXIMIZING POULTRY“ EXDRETA DEHYDRATION WITH
VENTILATING AIR USING. A SIMULATIQAMODEL

~—

‘72" presented by~-‘-' - “I --—~'-’

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John Elvin Dixon

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has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for
is

Ph.D. d’é‘gf‘ée in Agricdltural Engineering

 

 

Major professor

\

Date December 1978

 

0-7639

PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from y

 

TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due.

 

DATE Due,

   
 

DATE DUE

mm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

MSU ls An Affirmative Action/E

 

 

 

 

 

qual Opportunity Institution
meWW

MAXIMIZING POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION WITH
VENTILATING AIR USING A SIMULATION MODEL

By

John Elvin Dixon

A DISSERTATION

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Department of Agricultural Engineering

l979

9\

ABSTRACT
MAXIMIZING POULTRY EXCRETA DEHYDRATION WITH
VENTILATING AIR USING A SIMULATION MODEL
By

John Elvin Dixon

The shift from an agrarian to an urban society along with
chemical fertilizers and high labor costs has focused attention
upon the need to manage animal wastes so as not to be offensive or
a hazard to the environment. Common methods of animal waste manage—
ment include use as a fertilizer, aerobic treatment, anaerobic
treatment, and composting. Many animal operations do not easily
lend themselves to all, and in some cases none, of these waste
management systems because of economics, land limitation, or urban
encroachment. Some systems are also resource wasteful. Because of
these problems other waste management systems such as incineration,
pyrolysis, hydroponic culture, and drying are being evaluated by
researchers and innovative agriculturalists.

This study was undertaken to provide an analytical tool that
would help evaluate the feasibility of drying poultry excreta. The
tool was a simulation model designed to estimate the excreta drying
potential of mechanical ventilating systems commonly provided for

commercial egg production houses. The simulation model was based on

 

John Elvin Dixon

psychrometric calculations in combination with constant-rate drying
theory.

The basis of the simulation model and the test facilities for
model verification was a commercial-type laying house at the Michigan
State University Poultry Science Research and Teaching Center, near
East Lansing, Michigan. The laying house had a capacity of approxi-
mately 5000 hens and was equipped with a three-tier cage system,
dropping boards, and under-cage mechanical scrapers for manure
removal. The laying house was fully enclosed, insulated, and equipped
with thermostatically controlled mechanical ventilation.

The system was managed as a small commercial unit. Feed and
water were provided by hand-filling continuous troughs along each
row of cages. Artificial light provided a diurnal photoperiod of
l4 hours. The thermostats were set to operate each of the four fans
in steps of about two degrees Fahrenheit and to maintain an inside
dry—bulb temperature between 55 and 60°F when possible. Manure was
scraped from the pens daily.

Psychrometric data collected on three summer days and two
winter days were used for verification of the simulation model.
Curvilinear regression curves for accumulated total moisture removed
from the poultry house and for accumulated moisture evaporated from
the manure followed their respective data points closely. Each of
the paired set of verification curves had the same general shape and
magnitude except for one of the low air flow winter days.

The critical factors for maximizing in-house manure drying

were the drying surface area and the manure drying rate. The larger

 

John Elvin Dixon

the surface area the greater the drying. The simulation model
indicated that any system that would increase the manure drying sur—
face area would also increase manure drying. The drying rate was a
function of no less than seven variables. For a given material such
as poultry manure in a given poultry house, these several variables
were considered constant.

The variables which influenced the manure drying rate the
most were the inside wet—bulb depression and the ventilating rate.
The wet—bulb depression in turn was influenced directly by the
inside dry-bulb temperature and indirectly by the outside dewpoint
temperature. The ventilating rate was limited by the heat available.
Maximum drying was possible with a high inside dry-bulb temperature,
a low outside dewpoint temperature, and maximum air exchange. The
weather determined the outside dewpoint temperature, but management
practices and bird heat available influenced the inside dry-bulb

temperature.

Approved WSW/6 LW
\Major Professor (:7

f ,7 I r
Approved (1%. 43£A¢mei¢w~
Department Chairman

 

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. M. L.
Esmay for serving as major professor and for his guidance, encourage-
ment, patience, and personal interest; to Dr. G. L. Park for serving
on the doctoral committee and administering a preliminary examina-
tion; to Dr. T. C. Surbrook for serving on the doctoral committee;
to Dr. C. J. Flegal for serving on the doctoral committee and assist-
ing with the poultry house operation; to Dr. C. C. Sheppard for
assistance with the poultry house operation; to Dr. J. B. Gerrish
for counsel and assistance with instrumentation of the poultry house;
and to Dr. H. C. Zindel for assistance in obtaining funds to carry out
the research. Appreciation is also extended to my family for their
patience and understanding. Special thanks goes to Winifred for her
typing.

This page would not be complete without thanking the Agri-
cultural Engineering Department at the University of Idaho for finan-
cial and moral support and the faculty and staff of the Agricultural
Engineering Department at Michigan State University for providing

physical facilities, financial support, and personal encouragement.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ........................

LIST OF

Chapter
1.

FIGURES ........................

INTRODUCTION .....................

General Remarks . . . . ............

l l .
1.2 Objectives ....................
l 3

Waste Management Systems .............

MODEL DEVELOPMENT ...................

2.1 Definition and Explanation of System Modeled . . .
2.2 External Environment and System Parameters . . . .

2.3 Hypothesis for Drying Manure ...........
2.3.l Drying Theory ...............
2.3.2 Heat Balance ...............
2 3. 3 Moisture Balance .............

2.4 Mathematical Models of Subsystems ........
2. 4. 1 Supplemental Heat, 05 ...........
2.4.2 Heat Flow Through Exterior Building

Surfaces, Qb ..............
2.4.3 Sensible Heat of the Animals, Qa .....
2.4.4 Heat from Evaporated Moisture, Qe .....
2.4.5 Heat from Mechanical and Lighting
Systems, Qm ...............
2.4.6 Heat from Temperature Change in
Ventilating Air, Qv ...........
2.4.7 Moisture in Incoming Ventilating Air, Mo
2.4.8 Moisture from Animal Respiration, Mr .
2.4.9 Moisture Evaporated from Manure, Mm . . . .
2.4.l0 Moisture Evaporated from Waterers, Mw . . .
2.5 Outline of Computer Program ...........
MODEL VERIFICATION ..................
l Experimental Facilities and Equipment ......
.2 Experimental Procedure ..............

3.2.l Psychrometric DataCollection andAnalysis .
3.2.2 Simulation Model Evaluation ........

iii

 

Chapter Page

3.3 Verification Results ............... 51
3.3.1 Summer Conditions ............. 5l
3.3.2 Winter Conditions ............. 51
3.4 Discussion of Verification ............ 52
4. RESULTS FROM MODEL USE ................ 68
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................ 84
5.1 Summary ..................... 84
5.2 Conclusions ................... 86
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research ....... 87
APPENDICES .......................... 88
A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING ............... 89
B. EXAMPLES OF INTERMEDIATE COMPARISON GRAPHS ...... l26
C. VERIFICATION MANAGEMENT FACTOR, DESIGN, AND
INPUT VALUES .................... T36
LIST OF REFERENCES ...................... l42

 

 

Table

2.1

2.2

LIST OF TABLES

A listing of parameters requiring numeric definition
with appropriate units of measurement ..... .

Heat production at various levels of ambient
temperature for S. C. White leghorn hens (Phillips,
T970)

Accumulated total pounds of moisture removed from the
poultry house. A comparison of collected data

versus simulation model calculations . . . . .....

Accumulated pounds of moisture evaporated from the
manure in poultry house. A comparison of collected
data versus simulation model calculations . .

Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical month of January as calculated by the
simulation model . . ......

Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical month of April as calculated by the
simulation model ..............

Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical month of July as calculated by the
simulation model . . ...... . .

Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical year as calculated by the simulation model

Management factor, design, and input values as used
for operating the model with average weather data

Management factor, design, and input values as used
for verifying the model with data collected
August 12, 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Management factor, design, and input values as used

for verifying the model with data collected
August l3, 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . .....

Page

25

66

67

78

79

80

81

83

T37

T38

 

Table

C.3

C.4

C.5

 

Page
Management factor, design, and input values as used
for verifying the model with data collected
August 20, l974 ................... l39
Management factor, design, and input values as used
for verifying the model with data collected
January 6, l975 ................... 140
Management factor, design, and input values as used
for verifying the model with data collected
January 7, l975 ................... l4l

vi

 

Figure

2.1

2.2

LIST OF FIGURES

The interrelation of the simulation model inputs
and outputs .....................

Floor plan of the commercial—type poultry house used
as the base for the simulation. The circled
symbols, 11, 01, etc., indicate points of
measurement for incoming and outgoing air . . . .

Flow chart of computer program .........

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the day of August 12, 1974. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calcula-
tions based on the two separate sets of data

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in
the poultry house during the day of August 12, 1974.
The two curves result from curvilinear regression
calculations based on the two separate sets ofdata

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the day of August 13, 1974. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calcula-
tions based on the two separate sets of data

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in
the poultry house during the day of August 13, 1974.
The two curves result from curvilinear regression
calculations based on the two separate sets ofdata

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the day of August 20, 1974. The two
curves result from the curvilinear regression cal-
culations based on the two separate sets of data

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in the
poultry house during the day of August 20, 1974.
The two curves result from curvilinear regression
calculations based on the two separate sets of data .

Page

10

34

56

57

58

59

6O

61

 

Figure

3.7

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the day of January 6, 1975. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calcu-
lations based on the two separate sets of data

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in
the poultry house during the day of January 6,
1975. The two curves result from curvilinear
regression calculations based on the two separate

sets of data ....................

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the day of January 7, 1975. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calcula—

tions based on the two separate sets of data .....

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in
the poultry house during the day of January 7,
1975. The two curves result from curvilinear
regression calculations based on the two separate

sets of data . . . . . . . . ............

The moisture removed from manure during a typical
month of January as calculated by the simulation
model . . . . . . .................

The moisture content of manure for a typical month
of January as calculated by the simulation model

The moisture removed from manure during a typical
month of April as calculated by the simulation
model .............. . . . . . . .

The moisture content of manure for a typical month
of April as calculated by the simulation model

The moisture removed from manure during a typical
month of July as calculated by the simulation model

The moisture content of manure for a typical month
of July as calculated by the simulation model

Representative daily moisture removal from manure
throughout the year as calculated by the simula-
tion model . . ........... . . . .

Representative daily manure moisture content through-
out the year as calculated by the simulation model

viii

Page

62

63

64

65

7O

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

 

Figure

8.1

8.2

B.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the incoming
air dry-bulb temperature as used in the model was in
fact equal to that of the collected data ......

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the incoming
air dewpoint temperature as used in the model was in
fact equal to that of the collected data ......

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the incoming
air humidity ratio was in fact equal to that of the
collected data . . . . . ...... . .......

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the outgoing
air dry—bulb temperature as calculated by the simu-
lation model follows very closely to the measured
value ..... . ..................

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that the outgoing
air dewpoint temperature as calculated by the simu-
lation model follows very closely to the measured
value ..... . . . .........

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that the humidity
ratio of the outgoing air as calculated by the simu-
lation model follows very closely to the measured
value . . . . . . . . ........

An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that incoming air
and outgoing air humidity ratio difference was
greater for the measured data than as calculated
by the simulation model for all but two hours of
the day . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .

Page

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

 

Figure Page

B.8 An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model
with measured data. This graph showed that the air
flow through the poultry house as calculated by the
simulation model follows very closely to the
measured value ................... 134

8.9 An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model
with measured data. This graph showed that the
evaporation from the poultry house during one hour
as calculated by the simulation model followed the
same trend as that which was calculated from mea-
sured data. The two curves result from curvilinear
regression calculations based on the two separate
sets of data .................... 135

 

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Remarks

The problem of handling, storage, and disposal of animal
manure has existed since the beginning of animal husbandry. Until
recent years distribution of domestic animals was extensive and the
manure along with other wastes was disposed of without problems
within the normal habitat of the animal. The earliest husbandrymen
were nomadic and the animal waste disposal systems consisted of natu-
ral distribution within the pasture and grazing areas. As the his-
tory of animal husbandry progressed with the more sophisticated
farming systems, the animals were concentrated on more confined land
areas. Prior to the mid—twentieth century, the number of animals and
the area of the land upon which they were kept was in reasonable
balance. The balance was such that the fertilizer value of the waste
was considered and treated as a resource for the crops grown on the
land.

The general availability and economic feasibility of chemi-
cal fertilizers for principal plant nutrients during the twentieth
century caused the crop farmers to shun animal manure as the primary
source of plant nutrients. At the same time animal production was
subjected to higher labor costs and the economy of scale brought
about concentration of large herds of animals in confined housing

systems. Large concentrations of animals created waste material

 

handling problems. What had been an asset and resource has now become
a disposal problem.

Disposal of animal waste should not, in fact, be the objective.
Rather, the raw product should be converted to a stable usable form
and removed from the point of production. Removal from the source in
an unstable form is often no solution, only a transfer in location.
The waste disposal problem with its associated air and water pollu-
tion problems still exists, but at a new location.

Historically, raw manure mixed with litter has been stored
in open stacks and periodically transported and spread upon the
land. Recently, the potential of air and water pollution has caused
constraints to be placed on operations of this type. The U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency has been established and given authority
to regulate operations that have the potential of creating pollution
and/or a nuisance.

With the encroachment of urban population onto agricultural
land, odors resulting from the storage, transportation, and spread-
ing processes often have been declared a nuisance. Furthermore, the
past practice of spreading raw solid or liquid manure upon frozen
ground has been curtailed because of stream polluting potential.
Frozen ground had the advantage of making fields easily accessible
during the winter and the cold weather minimized odors. This cur-
tailment has led to a search for new methods of treatment, storage,

and handling which minimize odors and water pollution.

 

1.2 Objectives

The principal objective of this dissertation was to develop
a vertified analytical tool for evaluating in-house drying of
poultry manure.

The secondary objective was to provide the basis for apply—
ing the simulation model tool for maximizing in-house poultry manure
drying. The base provided by this secondary objective will allow
manipulating design and management parameters such as building insu-
lation, minimum ventilating rate, bird density, and in-house tempera-

ture so as to determine maximum in-house drying of manure.

1.3 Waste Management Systems

In their publication pertaining to livestock-waste management,
Miner and Smith (1975) discussed various methods for treating,
utilizing, or disposing of manure. Commonly accepted methods of
utilizing or treating manure are: (1) use as a soil amendment and
fertilizer for plants, (2) treatment by an oxidation ditch, (3) treat-
ment by an aerobic lagoon, (4) treatment by an anaerobic lagoon or
holding pond, and (5) treatment by composting. Some experimental
utilization systems and treatment processes with limited use include:
(1) treatment by incineration, (2) treatment by pyrolysis, (3) use
in hydroponic culture, (4) treatment by the Barriered Landscape Water
Renovation System (BLWRS), and (5) treatment by drying.

Traditionally, as pointed out above, and as noted in these
publications, manure has been disposed of or utilized without "treat-

ment“ as a soil amendment and fertilizer for plants. With the

 

increased animal density and larger herds and flocks of recent years,
manure treatment necessarily has required serious consideration.

It is possible to treat manure by several methods. Most of
these treatments involve some biological process. Sanitary engineers
have developed aerobic processes among others for municipal sewage
treatment. In the aerobic process oxygen-requiring microorganisms
are stimulated through appropriate enviornmental control to digest
the raw manure mixture and change it to a more stable form. Ulti-
mately, however, the various components even though stable, such as
water and sludge, must be disposed of some place. Sanitary engineers
also have used anaerobic processes. The anaerobic process involves
microorganisms too, but an environment must be maintained that
excludes oxygen. Again, after this primary treatment there is ulti-
mately a need for disposal of the sludge and impure water.

Both of the two basic biological treatment methods have been
and are being used for treatment of animal manure. The most common
aerobic systems for liquid manure treatment are oxidation in an
aerobic lagoon and oxidation through mechanical mixing. Anaerobic
systems being used are the anaerobic digester and the stabilization
pond (anaerobic lagoon). Each of these systems was discussed by
Miner and Smith (1975).

Composting is another aerobic treatment process. The process
differs from those mentioned above because the manure is treated in
or near the solid state. Composting of manure was discussed by

Singley et a1. (1975), and Miner and Smith (1975).

 

The Barriered Landscape Water Renovation System (BLWRS)
treats animal wastes in the near liquid state. The principal objec-
tive of this system is to remove nitrogen and phosphorous from the
manure. These nutrients along with other solid constituents are
removed from the liquid by filtering through a specifically designed
and constructed soil profile. Erickson et a1. (1971) described this
system.

Hydroponic culture has also been tried for removing nutri-
ents from animal wastes in the near liquid state. Systems of this
type also were discussed by Miner and Smith (1975). Two other methods
of processing manure discussed by Miner and Smith (1975) are incinera—
tion and pyrolysis. Incineration involves the complete combustion of
the manure. High moisture (above 60 percent) manures require an
additional fuel source to sustain the combustion. In their discus—
sion of this subject Davis et al. (1972) noted that it is possible
to salvage most of the potash and phosphorous in the ash for use as
fertilizer. The nitrogen can be salvaged as ammonia from the flue
gases. Sobel and Ludington (1966) noted that in the incineration
process the energy tied up in volatile solids is used in the combus-
tion of the organic portions of the manure.

The pyrolysis process involves holding the manure within a
temperature range of 480-1830°F in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

The products are gases (hydrogen, water vapor, methane, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethylene, etc.), oils, and ash.

Drying of manure also was discussed by Miner and Smith (1975).

Drying of poultry excreta in fact has been discussed by several

 

writers. Ludington (1963) discussed dehydration and its economics.
Surbrook (1969) and Surbrook et al. (1971) evaluated drying poultry
and other animal excreta with a mechanical drier. Bressler and
Bergman (1971) described a system of drying with extra in-house cir-
culating fans located over the excreta collected under a sloping-wire-
floor type house. Stirring of manure was also included with the
“Bressler" system. With this system, Bressler and Bergman (1971)
reduced the manure moisture content in the house to values of from
23.8 percent to 50.5 percent. Gerrish et a1. (1973) described an
in-house pre—drying system which used only the ventilating air of a
cage-type laying house and the periodic waste heat from a mechanical
drier and after-burner. Preliminary results from actual tests with
this system were presented by Flegal et a1. (1974). Conclusions
were enumerated in subsequent reports by Sheppard et a1. (1974),
Esmay et al. (1975a, 1975b), and Zindel et a1. (1977).

Mechanical drying of excreta may be too expensive if the
amount of water to be evaporated with fossil fuel energy is great.
These drying costs can be offset to some extent if the dry manure is
processed for a feed supplement. Drying costs can be minimized by
removing as much water as possible in the poultry house before the
manure is mechanically dried. In—house water removal for poultry
manure was described by Esmay et a1. (l975a). They showed that dry-
ing poultry excreta from its original voided moisture content of
approximately 80 percent wet basis (wb) to 12.5 percent wb required
the removal of 77.5 pounds of water for each 100 pounds of excreta.

(Approximately 100 pounds of excreta per day is produced by 370 hens.)

 

About one gallon of fuel oil would be required to evaporate the
77.5 pounds of water from the excreta using a typical fuel oil with
heating value of 144,000 Btu per gallon and a drier efficiency of
57 percent as found by Surbrook (1969).

Commercial laying operations may be from 100 to 1000 times
this size. A commercial egg producer, therefore, would have a daily
fuel requirement of from 100 to 1000 gallons per day, if all drying
was accomplished by the use of fuel oil. This approach is impracti-
cal and not used commercially. Under typical housing conditions
some drying of excreta by ventilating air takes place shortly after
it is voided and continues within the laying house during normal
operations. Results of in-house drying have been reported by Esmay
et a1. (l975b), Flegal et a1. (1974), Lampman et a1. (1967), Sobel
(1972), Oheimb and Longhouse (1974), Dixon et a1. (1976), and Zindel
et a1. (1977). The drying or removal of water prior to mechanical
drying reduces the fuel requirement and thus its treatment cost.
Some system of maximizing in-house water removal is, therefore,
desirable. A mathematical model or simulation of the pre-drying

process would provide an effective analysis tool.

 

2. MODEL DEVELOPMENT

2.1 Definition and Explanation of System Modeled

 

The system defined by this study was the environment pro-
duced with a 5000 bird egg laying operating unit. The operation
unit was defined as the house enclosing the laying hens and the
equipment used to manage the operation. Inputs to the system con-
sidered to be most important to the model were the manure from the
birds, heat, and moisture. Outputs were moisture removed from the
manure and manure moisture content. Along with these inputs and
outputs there were other related inputs, i.e., feed, water, venti-
lating air, and hens. Associated outputs were eggs and ventilating
air. The interrelation of these inputs and outputs is shown in
Figure 2.1.

The simulation was based on a commercial—type, cage, laying
house. Figure 2.2 shows a floor plan of the laying house. Hens
were confined in wire cages with three hens per cage in alternate
rows and four hens per cage in the other rows. The cages were in
double rows three tiers high with manure dropping boards under the
top two tiers. Periodically the manure was scraped from the drop-
ping boards into the floor-pit beneath the bottom tier. A commercial,
cable-operated pit scraper was used to move the manure to a cross
conveyor, i.e., a conventional dairy-barn, gutter cleaner. Cleaning

was manually controlled on a daily basis for this study.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

    

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Ventilation for the laying house was provided by thermo-
statically controlled exhaust fans in conjunction with a manually
controlled damper air inlet. The damper was so arranged that all
winter—time ventilating air was drawn through the attic. This
arrangement allowed for a relatively constant inside temperature
except during summer and extremely cold weather. No supplemental
cooling or heating was provided. This system was discussed exten—
sively by Gerrish et a1. (1973).

The primary measure of effectiveness was the amount of water
removed from the manure in the house by the ventilating air. The
moisture removed from the manure is a function of the drying rate,
exposed surface area, and the drying time. The effect of the water
holding capacity of the ventilating air and the heat energy from the
birds was accounted for when calculating the drying rate.

The manure moisture content, which was a function of the
moisture removed, was another means of expressing the effectiveness
of the simulation. Perry et a1. (1973) defined moisture content of
a solid as the ratio of the moisture quantity per unit weight of the
dry or wet solid. When the wet—solid weight is used as the ratio
base, it is referred to as moisture content, wet basis. The moisture
content, wet basis, is the quantity used in the simulation.

The manure moisture content (wet basis) was calculated from
the above definition by first calculating the water removed from the
manure. To calculate the water removed for a given weather condi—
tion and cage laying house, the inside dry-bulb temperature and

ventilating rate werefirst determined. For normal operation the

 

12

inside temperature was set between 55 and 60°F and the ventilating
rate was estimated by solving a heat balance equation. With the
inside temperature and ventilating rate known or estimated, the
inside wet-bulb temperature was determined and from this the drying
rate was calculated. The water removed from the manure was calcu-
lated by multiplying the drying rate by the manure surface area and

the lapsed time of manure exposure to the ventilating air.

2.2 External Environment and System Parameters

 

Certain parameters must be known or assumed for the simula-
tion. For the system discussed here these were (a) outside air
psychrometrics, (b) the quantity and moisture content of the excreted
material, (c) the physical parameters of the building and ventilating
system, and (d) the poultry operation management practices including
number and weight of hens housed.

Data from the U.S. Weather Service provided the base infor-
mation for the needed psychrometric data for the outside air used for
ventilation. The appropriate weather service data were given as the
barometric pressure, the maximum and minimum dry-bulb temperature,
and a dewpoint temperature for a day. Average values as prepared
by the Weather Service were used as representative of a day in a
given month for the analysis of drying within a month. For analysis
of annual effects of weather upon drying, average monthly data from
the Weather Service were used as a representative day for a given

month.

 

13

The model was constructed to make calculations based on a
fraction of a day. For the simulation calculations it was there-
fore necessary to make an estimate of the weather situation at
various times throughout a given day. Phillips (1970) formulated
equations which estimated the temperature function as it varies with
time through a day. His function was

for O<tg6

T = Tm+R2 (1+cos((t+18)/30)n)),
for 6<t515
T = Tm+R2 (l+cos((t-12)/l8)n)),
for 15<t324
T = Tm+R2 (l+cos((t—30)/30)n)),
where T = outside dry-bulb temperature, °F,
Tm = minimum outside dry-bulb temperature,
R2 = one-half outside temperature range, and
t = time, hours per 24-hour clock.
Phillips also states that the dewpoint temperature can be considered
constant for the day but this was not found to give a reasonable
estimate of the dewpoint temperature as measured. A more reasonable
estimate of the dewpoint temperature for East Lansing was found by
calculating a linear regression equation for the dewpoint temperature
based on the dry~bulb temperature. The data used for the regression
calculations were the data collected for verification of the model.

The results of this calculation were

 

Y 6.48 + 0.8X

dp db
where de = dewpoint temperature, °F, and

de = dry-bulb temperature, °F.
The correlation coefficient for these data was 0.98. With the
above equations and pertinent weather data, it was possible to
calculate all needed psychrometric quantities for the incoming ven-
tilating air. The equations and data needed for these psychro-
metric calculations were available through a package of algorithms
developed by Bakker-Arkema and Lerew (1972). The psychrometric
quantities in this package were: dry-bulb, wet—bulb, and dewpoint
temperatures; enthalpy; absolute humidity (humidity ratio); latent
heat; actual and saturation vapor pressures; relative humidity; and
specific volume.

The moisture content of the freshly voided excreta has been
determined by Esmay etal. (l975b) to be 80 percent (wet basis). The
excreta produced by laying hens consisted of 0.272 pounds per hen-
day of freshly voided excreta at 80 percent moisture content.

The physical and operational parameters will vary with each
installation. The needed quantities for the simulation are listed
in Table 2.1 along with appropriate units of measurement for use in

the simulation model.

2.3 Hypothesis for Drying Manure

 

The drying rate of a specific material gave a characteristic
which was used to estimate the water removed from the substance. As

will be noted later, determination of the theoretical drying rate

 

required knowledge of the drying air temperature, humidity, and

velocity plus specific material characteristics. Heat balance theory

and the theory of moisture balance in ventilating air lend themselves

to estimating the temperature and humidity of the air in the system.

The hypothesis was that these theories can be combined through a com-

puter simulation to estimate the water removed from manure in a

poultry laying house.

Table 2.1. A listing of parameters requiring numeric definition with
appropriate units of measurement.

 

Parameter

Units of Measurement

 

bird number

bird weight

building ceiling height
building length

building width

day, end of

day, start of

excreta moisture content

excreta production rate
insulation, ceiling ”R"
insulation, wall ”R”
lighting energy

ventilating rate, maximum
ventilating rate, minimum
waterer length

waterer surface width

hens
pounds
feet
feet

feet
hour
hour
decimal fraction

pounds/hen-day
hour-square feet-°F/Btu
hour-square feet—°F/Btu
watts

cubic feet/minute
cubic feet/minute
feet
feet

 

2.3.1 Drying Theory

Perry et a1. (1973) presented a discussion of solids-drying

fundamentals. From this it was noted there were two principal types

 

16

or periods of solids-drying: the constant-rate period and the
falling-rate period. As the name implies, the rate at which drying
occurs during the first period was constant while that in the second
was not. When a plot was made of the drying rate versus time, there
was a sharp change from a horizontal line curve to an exponential
curve with negative slope at the point of this rate change. This
point has been called the critical moisture content.

It was apparent by unit analysis that the amount of water
removed from a drying material would be obtained, if the drying
rate, mr, were known, i.e.,

water removed = mrAe,

where mr = constant drying rate, lbs/sq ft - hr

A = surface area, sq ft, and
e = time span, hr.

If the period of drying were the falling rate period, the
equation must be used in its more general form, i.e., as a differ-
ential equation, and the term, mr, can be better represented by
dW/de, where dW is the differential quantity of water removed in
time period, d6.

Perry et a1. (1963, 1973) presented formula to estimate
dW/de for the constant-rate period and the falling—rate period.
Only the constant-rate period was of interest in this presentation.

Perry et a1. (1963, 1973) stated that the constant drying
rate can be estimated as

dW/de = h A(t-t')/A = k A(pS—p),

t s 9
where dW/de = drying rate, 1b of water/hr,

 

P

It

17

total heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr

-sq ft —°F,

surface area, sq ft,

latent heat of evaporation at t;, Btu/lb,
mass transfer coefficient, 1b/hr-sq ft-atm,
dry-bulb temp, °F,

temperature of evaporating surface, °F,
vapor pressure of water at surface temp,
atm, and

partial pressure of water in the air, atm.

Wells (1972) referenced Perry et a1. (1963) and stated (Bagnoli

contributed to the Chemical Engineers' Handbook by Perry et al.),

"The use of the heat transfer coefficient is preferred in
estimating drying rates because they are usually more reliable

(Bagnoli et al.,

1963). Small errors in temperature have

negligible effect on the heat-transfer coefficient, but do
introduce relatively large errors in partial pressure esti-
mates and hence in the mass transfer coefficient.

The critical value to determine in evaluating the drying

rate was the heat transfer coefficient, ht“ Perry et a1. (1963)

9

stated that ht = hC

heat was transferred

hC =

where hC =

a,m,n =

the convective heat transfer coefficient, when

by convection only. They also gave the formula
n m

dG /Dc’

convective heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-

sq ft —°F,

mass velocity, lb/hr-sq ft,

‘ a characteristic dimension, ft, and

constants.

 

18

Perry et a1. (1963) suggested the value, G, be determined from the
relationship: weight rate of flow divided by the cross—sectional
area. Perry also pointed out that the value, Dc’ for a plate can be
represented by the length of drying solid over which the air-stream
passes. From the discussion and examples used by Perry et a1. (1963)
and by Wells (1972) it was apparent that m = l-n and that these
constants along with a were specific to a material and drying con-
ditions.

Wells (1972) ran extensive laboratory tests involving the
drying of poultry manure. Although he did not calculate the con-
stants, a and n in the equation for hc’ he provided measured values
for the ”evaporation heat required," temperatures, velocities, etc.
so that these constants could be determined. Dixon et a1. (1976)
and Dixon et a1. (1978) evaluated these data for the constants. For

American Engineering Units they found them to be:

n = 0.4029 and a = 0.1222.

2.3.2 Heat Balance

Since the equation, dW/de‘= htA(t-t;)/I, was to be the basis
for determining the drying rate, a means of estimating the tempera—
tures, t and t;, was necessary. The dry-bulb temperature, t, was
that of the air passing over the drying manure. The temperature of
the evaporating surface, tg, can be taken as the wet-bulb temperature
of the air according to Perry et a1. (1973). Wells (1972), however,
in work involving the drying of poultry manure found the surface

temperature to be 0.5°C higher than the wet-bulb temperature. Since

 

19

the wet—bulb temperature was used for calculating the drying rate
parameters, n and a, the wet-bulb temperature was used for t;. The
dry-bulb temperature was a predetermined inside temperature, between
55 and 60°F, unless the weather was extreme. For extreme weather
conditions the dry-bulb temperature was estimated from a heat balance
analysis of the laying house. A moisture balance analysis provided
a means to estimate the wet-bulb temperature. The assumption was
made that the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures of the outgoing
ventilating air were representative of the air that passes over the
manure being dried within the laying house.

The basic equation for sensible heat balance was given by
the Structures and Environment Handbook (1975) as

QS+Qb+Qa+Qe+Qm+QV = o.
where QS = supplemental heat, Btu/hr,

Qb

ll

heat flow through exterior building surfaces,

Btu/hr,

Qa _ sensible heat from housed animals, Btu/hr,

Q = heat from moisture evaporated or condensed,

e
Btu/hr,
Qm = heat from mechanical systems and lighting,
Btu/hr, and
Qv = heat from temperature change in ventilating air,

Btu/hr.
Each of the elements in this equation, except QS and Qm, was a func-
tion of the inside temperature. When the physical parameters of the

building, the management practices, and flock size were defined, it

 

20

was possible to estimate the inside temperature. To make this esti-
mate the exterior environmental temperature and psychrometric char-
acteristics were necessary as well as an iterative technique for an
approximate solution of the heat balance equation. The result of the
solution to the heat balance equation gave a function from which the
temperature was estimated. An appropriate iterative technique, the
Newtonian convergence, was used by Phillips (1970). The convergence
was based on Newton's method (Smith et al., 1947) for finding roots
of a function, f(x). Through some means, an estimate of a root, x],
was made. By evaluating the function at x], the equation for the
tangent-line through x1 was written as

y - f(x1) = f'(x1) (X-x1).
This line intersected the x-axis when y = 0. Solving the tangent—
1ine equation for x with y = 0 gave

x = X1 - f(X])/f'(X]),
a new estimate of the root. The process was repeated until an
acceptably small error was obtained. Phillips (1970) adapted Newton's

method to a digital computer for evaluation of a heat balance function

as follows:
f(t )
t=t-n
n+1 n f'ltn) ’
where tn+1 = new approximation to the solution,
tn = previous approximation value,
f(tn) = net heat flow across system boundaries at

temperature tn, and

 

21

f'(t ) = first derivative of f(tn) which was determined
by the following central finite difference
approximation:

f(t +0.1) - f(t - 0.1)
1C'(tn) = n 0.2 n

 

2.3.3 Moisture Balance
The basic equation for moisture balance of the ventilating

air was adapted from the Structures and Environment Handbook (1975)

 

as follows:

MD + Mr + Mm + Mw - Mv = 0,

where M0 = moisture in incoming ventilating air, lbs/hr,

Mr = moisture from animal respiration, lbs/hr,

m _ moisture evaporated from manure, lbs/hr,

M
Mw = moisture evaporated from waterers, lbs/hr,
M

v = moisture in outgoing ventilating air, lbs/hr.

This equation assumes there was no water spillage or other
evaporating surfaces.

The equation indicates each element, except Mv’ added mois-
ture to the ventilating air. Since the mechanical ventilating system
kept the air inside the laying house turbulent, the humidity of the
inside air was assumed to be that of the moisture in the outgoing
ventilating air, Mv' The equation was, therefore, solved for MV to
obtain the moisture in the outgoing ventilating air in terms of
pounds of moisture per hour.

When the ventilating rate was known, the humidity ratio was

calculated as follows:

 

22

H = Mv/Vr’
where H = humidity ratio, lbs of water vapor/1b of air,
V = ventilating rate, pounds of air/hour, and

M = (previously defined).

2.4 Mathematical Models of Subsystems

 

The following paragraphs present the basis for evaluation of
each element in the heat balance and moisture balance equations.
Since the element, Mv’ in the moisture balance equation was the sum
of the other elements, it will not be discussed further. Some ele-
ments were determined directly from given data or assumptions. Esti-
mates for others required more rigorous calculations and some required

the use of approximation techniques.

2.4.1 Supplemental Heat, 03

 

The system as defined had no supplemental heat. As a result

this quantity was assigned the value zero.

2.4.2 Heat Flow Through Exterior
Building Surfaces, Qb

 

 

The heat flow through exterior building surfaces, Qb’ was
determined from the following sum:
Qb = qbw + qbc + qbf’
where qbw = heat flow through the building walls, Btu/hr,
qbc = heat flow through the building ceiling, Btu/hr,
and

qbf = heat flow through the building floor, Btu/hr.

 

23

Esmay (1969) presented the following equation as a means of
estimating a steady state heat flow through a composite of materials:

Q = UA(t,-to).

where Q = overall heat flow, Btu/hr,
U = overall coefficient of heat transmission, Btu/hr-

sq ft-°F,
A = area normal to direction of heat flow, sq ft, and
ti and to = inside and outside temperature, °F.

The value, U, was determined from the equation (Esmay, 1969):
U = 1/ (1/fO+L]/k]+L2/k2+...1/a+1/fi),

where L1, L2, ... = thickness of respective material, inches,
k], k2, ... = thermal conductivity of respective mate-
rial, Btu/hr-sq ft-°F/in,
a = thermal conductivity of an air space,
Btu/hr—sq ft-°F, and
f1 and fo = the inside and outside surface conduc-

tance, Btu/hr-sq ft-°F.

The general equation was adapted to the poultry building and

gave the equations

qbw = Abwaw(ti_to) and

qbc = Achbc(ti-to)’
where the subscripts ”bw” and "be” represent the building
walls and building ceiling, respectively.

Phillips (1970) developed an equation to estimate the heat

loss from a concrete floor slab in a poultry building, qbf‘

 

24

The equation was

qbf = ksp Abf(tbf'tbo)’

where kS = inside surface heat transfer coefficient,
Btu/hr-sq ft-°F,

portion of floor exposed to environment, decimal

'C
II

fraction,

Abf = floor area, sq ft,

tbf - surface temperature of floor, °F, and

tb0 = environmental temperature adjacent to floor, °F.
In the presentation of his work, Phillips (1970) found the value of
kS to be 1.65 Btu/hr-sq ft-°F for a concrete floor slab in a poultry
house. The variable, p, was more explicitly defined as that portion
of the floor not covered by manure. In the development of this
equation for use in a simulation he suggested the floor surface
temperature, tbf’ be assigned an initial value equal to the mean
outside temperature for the day plus 5 degrees. This value was
approximately equal to the mean expected interior temperature for
the day and was intended to eliminate long-term storage effects.
Subsequent values were determined by means of the equation

(tbf)new = (tbf)old'qbf/(O‘ZSCAbfmbf)’

where (tbf) = slab temperature for next time period,

new
deg F,

(tbf)old = slab temperature for present time period,

deg F,

C = specific heat of floor, and

 

25

mbf = mass of one square foot of slab plus mass
of sufficient fill below the slab to make
up a total thickness of 10 inches.
In evaluating mbf he suggested four inches of concrete plus six
inches of sand be assumed for all simulations. This yielded a mass
of 120 lbs. per square foot of floor space.
2.4.3 Sensible Heat of the
Animals, Qa
Phillips (1970) developed a mathematical model for the sen-
sible heat, Qa’ from laying hens using data from Ota and McNalley
(1961). The data used by Phillips were used for this simulation
(see Table 2.2). The data were interpolated by using the computer

subroutine entitled TABLI as developed by Llewellyn (1965).

Table 2.2. Heat production at various levels of ambient temperature
for S. C. White leghorn hens (Phillips, 1970).

 

 

Ambient Sensible Heat Latent Heat
Temperature (BTU/Hour (Lb)) (BTU/Hour (Lb))
°F Day Night Day Night
26 11.1 6.9 1.7 1.6
34 8.3 6.8 2.1 2.0
47 7.3 6.1 2.3 1.9
56 6.6 5.3 3.2 2.6
64 6.5 5.1 3.3 2.2
74 --— —-- 3.4 2.0
84 6.3 3.6 4.2 3.5
94 .2 .6 5.3 4.7

 

 

26

2.4.4 Heat from Evaporated
Moisture, Qe

 

The heat used to evaporate moisture, Qe’ was determined from
the latent heat of vaporization definition (Weast, 1970). This
definition yielded the equation

Qe = -Wh],

where W = weight of evaporated moisture, lbs, and

h1 = the latent heat of vaporization, Btu/lb.
2.4 5 Heat from Mechanical and
Lighting Systems, Qm

Phillips (1970) calculated the energy added to the laying
house system through mechanical and electrical means, Qm’ from the
equation

0 = CAK,
where C = the conversion factor 3.413 Btu/watt-hour,
A = the floor area of the laying house, sq ft, and
K = the energy input per unit area, watts/sq ft.
The total lighting energy, AK, was determined by summing the wattage
of all the lights. The mechanical energy was small and neglected.

2.4.6 Heat from Temperature Change
in Ventilating Air, Qv

 

 

Since all latent heat effects in the ventilating air were
accounted for in Qe’ the term Qv accounted for sensible heat effects
only. The sensible heat change in the ventilating air was, there-
fore, the sum of the change in heat of the air, qva’ plus the change

in heat of the water vapor within the air qvw’ i.e.,

 

 

27

Q

The equation for the change in heat energy of the dry ventilating

= +
v qva qvw

air, q , was adapted from the definition of heat capacity as noted

va
by Weast (1970) such that
qva = Maca(tl't2)’
where Ma = mass rate of ventilating air, lbs/hr, and
Ca = the heat capacity of air, Btu/lb-°F.
In a like manner the equation for the change in heat energy of the
water vapor in the ventilating air, qvw’ was determined to be

qvw = Mva(t1-t2),
where MV = mass rate of water vapor in ventilating air,

lbs/hr,

C")
II

heat capacity of water vapor, Btu/lb-°F, and

t1-t2 - temperature change of the air and water vapor
mixture, °F.
The water vapor mass rate, Mv’ was calculated from the relationship
(Esmay, 1969),
Mv = WMa,
where W = humidity ratio of the mixture, lbs of moisture/
lb of dry air, and
MV and Ma = (as previously defined).

Combining these equations gave

QV = Ma(Ca+WCw)(t]-t2).

 

28
2.4.7 Moisture in Incoming
Ventilating Air, M0
The moisture in the incoming ventilating air, Mo’ was deter-
mined from given or assumed data about the weather. From these data,
a dry-bulb and dewpoint temperature was generated for a specific
time of day as discussed earlier. The outside dewpoint temperature
was assumed to be constant at the reported value for that day except
at times when the dry-bulb temperature was less than this value. For
that situation and time the dewpoint temperature was set at the dry-
bulb temperature. These temperatures along with the ventilating rate
were used to calculate the moisture in the incoming air, Mo’ as
M0 = Mawo’
where Wo = the humidity ratio of the incoming air as deter—
mined from psychrometric relationships, lbs of
moisture/lb of dry air, and

M = (as previously defined).

2.4.8 Moisture from Animal
Respiration, ME

The latent heat in respired air from laying hens, Q], was
determined from data presented by Ota and McNalley and adapted by
Phillips (1970). An equation for the moisture from animal respira-
tion, Mr’ was written from the definition for latent heat as given
by Weast (1970). The equation was

Mr = Q1/h19

 

29

where h1 = the latent heat of vaporization at the body tem—
perature of a laying hen, Btu/lb, and
Q1 = latent heat from housed animals, Btu/hr.

2.4.9 Moisture Evaporated from
Manure, Mm

 

The moisture evaporated from the manure, Mm’ was calculated

from the water removal equation:
Mm = Ammme + I,
where Am = surface area of the manure, sq ft,
mm = constant drying rate of manure, lbs/sq ft-hr,
0 = (as previously defined), and
I = moisture evaporated due to manure energy level
when voided.

Since the modeled system scraped the manure from the dropping
boards daily, the boards were covered with wet manure. The dropping
board surface was therefore used as the manure drying surface in the
simulation model.

The method for calculating the constant drying rate of
manure, mm, was discussed in section 2.3.1.

The wet-bulb temperature for use in that equation was deter-
mined by use of the Newtonian convergence procedure discussed in
section 2.3.2. The hypothesis was that the sum of initial venti-
lating air moisture content plus the moisture added to the air while
passing through the poultry house was equal to the final moisture
content. The Newtonian convergence equation was

F(x) = WO+Em + R - Wi,

 

where Wo =

Em '

I"!
ll

30
ll

”1'

30

humidity ratio of outside air,

moisture added per unit weight of ventilating air
from drying manure,

moisture added per unit weight of ventilating air
from the waterers,

moisture added per unit weight of ventilating air

from bird respiration, and

= humidity ratio of the outgoing ventilating air.

The units for all terms were pounds of moisture per pound of dry air.

The moisture evaporated due to the manure energy level as

voided, I, was calculated from the equation

1 =
where qi =

hl

qi/hr
heat given up by the manure, Btu, and
latent heat of vaporization at average temperature

difference, Btu/1b.

The heat given up by the manure, qj, was calculated from the equation:

‘11

where W =

fl
ll

('1'-
II

= W C (th'ti)

mm

weight of manure produced during one iteration,
lbs.,

specific heat of manure, Btu/lb-°F,

hen body temperature, °F, and

laying house temperature, °F.

The hen body temperature was defined as 107.l°F by Esmay (1969). The

specific heat of the manure, Cm, was estimated to be 0.87 Btu/lb-°F.

This estimate was made by noting the voided manure moisture content

was 80 percent and

that water has a specific heat of one. The dry

 

31

matter specific heat was estimated at 0.35 Btu/lb-°F by averaging
the specific heat values of cellulose, clay sand, silica, wood,
sugar, steric acid, and Urea as given by Perry et a1. (1973). A
weighted average of the two values was then used for the value

of Cm.

2.4.10 Moisture Evaporated from
Waterers, Mw

 

The moisture evaporated from the waterers, MW, was calcu-
lated from the water removal equation discussed previously. With
appropriate subscripts the equation becomes:

Mw = mwAwe,
where mw = mass flow rate of water from a free surface,
lbs/sq ft-hr,
A = surface area of waterers, sq ft, and
e = (previously defined).

The surface area of the waterers, Aw, was determined by
measuring the surface area of each waterer and summing these areas.

Calculation of the mass flow rate of water vapor from a free
surface, mw, was calculated from Stefan's law. Holman (1963) inte-

grated the equation for the law and presented the equation:

Dpawm

A
mwt = ROT(x2—x;) 2"(p2/p1)’

where mwt = the total mass flow of water, lb/hr,
o = diffusion coefficient, ftZ/hr,
pa = barometric pressure, psi,
w = molecular weight,

 

32

A = area, sq in,

R0 = universal gas constant, lb-ft/lb—°R,

T = temperature of environmental air, °R,

x2 = elevation of vessel rim, ft,

x1 = elevation of water surface in vessel, ft,

p2 = partial pressure of the air outside the vessel,
psi, and

p1 = partial pressure of the air at the water surface,

psi.

The value for the mass flow rate of water vapor, mw, was
determined by dividing the above equation by the area, A. Weast
(1970) gave a value for the diffusion coefficient, 0, as 0.239
sq cm/sec at 8°C and Holman (1963) gave a value of 0.256 sq cm/
sec at 25°C. The value used for D was that calculated by interpo-
lation using the poultry house dry-bulb temperature. The molecular
weight of water and the universal gas constant were given by Holman
at 18 and 1545 lb-ft/lb-°R, respectively. Holman (1963) noted the
partial pressure of the air at the water surface, p], was the baro-
metric pressure minus saturated water vapor pressure while the air
vapor pressure, p2, wasthe barometric pressure minus the ambient air
water vapor pressure. The saturated water vapor pressure was deter-
mined from the inside dry-bulb temperature and the ambient air water
vapor pressure was determined from the inside dry-bulb and wet-bulb
temperatures using the psychrometric algorithm discussed earlier.

The difference in elevation, x2—x], was estimated from onsite

 

33

measurements and the barometric pressure was obtained from weather

records.

2.5 Outline of Computer Program

 

The theory and mathematical algorithms discussed above were
incorporated into subroutines for computer computation. In the simu-
lation these subroutines were activated and controlled by a main or
executive program. A flow chart of the executive program is shown
by Figure 2.3 and a listing of the computer program is presented as
Appendix A.

The computer program was set up to either operate in a veri—
fication mode based on actually recorded input ventilating air con—
ditions or a simulation mode based on U.S. Weather Service type
information. This being the case, the first step of the model
determined the mode and number of days to be simulated from input
data.

The first operation for starting the simulation of daily
drying was to initialize or numerically define the fixed parameters.
This was followed by determining the appropriate psychrometric
values for the outside air at one-hour intervals for the specific
day. The coldest outside temperature at which the inside pre-
determined temperature can be maintained was then determined. Next,
the simulation determined the daily amount of excreta produced.

With these data available the simulation started the iterative pro—
cess and determined the amount of excreta produced up to the time of

the specific iteration. The next step was to specify whether it was

 

34

g

F “DAYS“.
DEBUG IND

OD

 

STRBT

 

EH OF

88
HP
UMU
NU

SETUP

 

 

STRHT LOOP

 

 

 

 

 

‘OFF‘

 

 

 

SET LIGHTS

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flow chart of computer program.

Figure 2.3.

 

35

 

 

 

 

 

 

ESTIMRTE INSIDE WET

 

 

 

 

 

BRIE RT 0.5

GUESS VENIILRIION
MRXIHUM RRTE

 

 

 

IS
VENTILATION
RHTE EOURL VERIFI-

      

{TEMPINJ

CRTION VALUE

                 

BULB TEMPERRTURE
(TWBINJ

IS
VENTILRTION
BRIE GHERTEH THRN

 

   

 

 

  

MRXIMUM HRTE

 

Cont'd.

Figure 2.3.

 

36

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

[V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

      

      

E E
M L T
I HT E
II UH L
U DO P
E SEI SM
IT I N 1.0
HB ED C
0 MI
P I P
U T O
O
L

 

  

Cont'd.

Figure 2.3.

 

37

"daytime“ (lights on) or "night time" (lights off) for the specific
iteration so the correct metabolic and mechanical heat production
would be determined.

These operations were followed by two questions of logic
involving the outside dry-bulb temperature. With the first the
outside dry-bulb was compared with the pre-determined inside tem-
perature. If the outside temperature was higher, an inside higher
temperature was calculated. If the outside temperature was lower,
a second question of logic determined if the outside temperature was
less than the previously calculated outside minimum temperature.
When the outside temperature was less than this minimum, a lower
inside temperature was calculated. When the outside temperature
was between these values, the inside temperature was set at a pre—
determined value. Each of these branches in the simulation required
a different calculation sequence.

Maintaining the pre-determined inside temperature was done
by varying the ventilating rate. This rate was determined for each
iteration. An initial guess ventilating rate was made and the cal-
culated rate was determined by the Newtonian convergence procedure.

When the outside temperature was higher than the pre-
determined value (summer conditions) the ventilating rate was set
at its maximum and the inside temperature was determined. Again
the Newtonian convergence technique was used. This required an
initial guess for the inside temperature with subsequent determina-

tion of the inside temperature.

 

38

When the outside temperature was less than the coldest out-
side temperature which will allow maintenance of the pre-determined
inside temperature, the ventilating rate was set at its minimum
value. With this ventilating rate (winter conditions) the inside
temperature was determined using the same technique as for summer
conditions.

With the appropriate inside temperature and ventilating
rate, the drying rate was calculated and subsequently the quantity
of water evaporated from the manure and waterers for the specific
iteration was determined. These values were added to like quanti—
ties from previous iterations. The moisture content of the manure
at the end of the iteration was calculated also at this time in the
simulation sequence. The last regular step of the iterative
sequence was to file or store the results of the calculations.

At the end of the iteration the time was checked. If it
was midnight, weather data for the next day were read and psychro-
metric data for the outside air were calculated for the new day.

If appropriate, the process was repeated for the next iteration.
When the iterative process was complete, results from the moisture

content and water removed calculations were printed in tabular form.

 

3. MODEL VERIFICATION

The model was verified by operating a commercial—type cage
laying house from October, 1973, through January, 1975. At various
times throughout this period psychrometric data were collected for
analysis. The principal data collected were dry-bulb and wet-bulb
temperature and the ventilating air-flow rate. Data were collected
to make a moisture balance of the ventilating air flowing through
the poultry house. The moisture added to the air in the poultry
house section of the building was partitioned into respired moisture
and moisture added from drying. The moisture from drying was cal-
culated as the difference between the moisture added and respired
moisture. As noted earlier, the respired moisture from the chickens
can be calculated from the equation:

Mr = Q1/h1
and the latent heat output, 0], from chickens can be found from data
by Ota and McNalley (1961). These data (see Table 2.2) were used in
conjunction with the latent heat of vaporization, h], to calculate
the respired moisture, Mr'

The moisture from drying came from two sources: drying of
the manure and evaporation from waterers. Calculations of moisture
removed based on psychrometric data were made from data collected
every 30 minutes. The purpose of the psychrometric data collection
and analysis was to determine the moisture in the ventilation air as

39

 

40

it passed selected locations in the poultry house during a 30-minute
period. The moisture added to the air while passing between these
locations during the 30—minute period was then calculated by dif-
ference.

For verification the water removed from the poultry house
as determined from the collected data and as determined by the simu-

lation model were compared.

3.1 Experimental Facilities and Equipment

 

The floor plan of the experimental facilities is illustrated
by Figure 2.2. The operation of the experimental facilities was the
same as described earlier.

All temperature and air velocity data were collected with an
instrument manufactured by Information Instruments, Inc. The tem-
peratures were measured with thermister sensors; one dry and one with
a cotton wick kept wet with distilled water from a continuous source.
The air velocity was measured with revolving, 3—cup anemometers.

The results of these measurements were transferred electrically to

a central point and recorded on paper tape. The equipment was pro-
grammed to collect data for about 3 minutes two times each hour,
resulting in 5 to 7 data records every 30 minutes of operation. The
instrument was designed to record temperatures in degrees Celsius.
Since some temperatures for outside air were expected to be below 0°C
and the paper tape had no provisions for recording minus tempera-
tures, the instrument was calibrated with an off-set of about 28°C.

A special circuit was built to give consistently the electrical

 

41

equivalent of 0°C. This circuit was connected to one of the tem-
perature stations and served the following three functions: (1) a
defined source for the offset when processing the data, (2) a com-
pensator for minor electrical variations within the instrument, and
(3) a known temperature source for checking the equipment during
operation.

Raw data from the paper tape were processed and placed on
a magnetic tape stored at the Michigan State University Computer
Center (Tape No. LTT 5319). The stored data consisted of: (a) clock
time of acquisitioned data, (b) temperature data, (c) anemometer
counts for air velocity, and (d) a range factor for the velocity
counts. The equipment was capable of measuring the temperature at
60 locations and the air velocity at 8 locations during a 30-second
cycle. There were 71 pieces of data stored on the tape for each
time designation but only 3 velocity count locations and 12 tempera-
ture locations were needed for this study. The date of data acquisi-
tion was identified by reference to a name assigned to each file of
paper-tape data placed on the magnetic tape. A hard copy listing of
the data was made immediately after the data were stored on the mag—
netic tape. The paper tapes were stored as a back-up data source.

The quantity of ventilating air passing through the poultry
building during a 30—minute data-collecting cycle was determined by
calibrating the poultry-house ventilating system against the velocity
count readings obtained from the recording equipment. The calibra-
tion was made by using a hot-wire anemometer to measure the air

velocity at 64 locations in the drying tunnel just before the

 

42

ventilating air entered the exhaust fans. The velocity measuring

procedure followed that recommended by the ASHRAE Guide and Data

 

8995 (1965). When making the calibration, one of the five venti-
lating fans was operated while all other fans were inoperative.
During this period the recording velocity-count equipment was oper-
ated and the velocity was measured with the hot-wire anemometer.
Six sets (replications) of velocity-count records and hot-wire ane-
mometer data were collected. The beginning time and ending time of
each data set were noted so that the velocity-count data and the
hot-wire anemometer data could be paired. This process was repeated
five times, but each time an additional fan was made operative. The
velocity-count data collected during the time required to collect
the hot-wire anemometer data were averaged and paired with the
average velocity as found by the hot-wire anemometer. The final
result was five pairs of data with six replications. A linear
regression analysis was made of these data pairs. The resulting
equation was

Y = 54.4838 + 0.2569x,

where Y = ventilating air velocity, feet/min, and

x = number of counts as recorded on the paper tape.
Not all of the ventilating air passed by the hot-wire anemometer
location because of a clearance hole around the manure removal
conveyor. This was accounted for by making a separate calibration.
The hole was divided into five representative parts. Each part was
measured and its area calculated. The procedure of replications,

fan activation, and recording equipment operation was repeated but

 

43

only one hot-wire anemometer reading was taken for each area. This
reading was multiplied by the respective area, resulting in a flow
rate with units of cubit feet per minute. This flow rate was paired
to an average of the velocity counts as before. These data pairs
were analyzed by a linear regression analysis, which resulted in the
equation
y = 229.467 + 1.059x
where y = flow rate of ventilating air through hole, cfm, and

x = (as previously defined).

3.2 Experimental Procedure

 

3.2.l Psychrometric Data
Collection and Analysis

Psychrometric data were collected by measuring representative
dry-bulb and wet—bulb temperatures of the ventilating air at various
locations in the poultry building. These locations are designated
on the floor plan in Figure 2.2 as 11, 12, I3 for the incoming air,
and 01, 02, and 03 for outgoing air from the laying house. The
ventilating air velocity measurements were made at locations 01, 02,
and 03. The analysis was based on the premise that all drying was
done with the ventilating air. It was also assumed that the differ-
ence in total added moisture in the ventilating air between any two
measuring locations was added from one or more of the following
sources: (a) drying of the manure, (b) respiration from the chickens,
and (c) evaporation from the watering troughs. Other sources were

assumed negligible. In cases of water spillage from the waterers

 

44

or other sources, the collected data were discarded from the analysis.
A further assumption was that the data collected at the end of a
30-minute period were representative of the conditions during that
period.

The difference in total moisture in ventilating air between

two locations expressed as an equation is

where Pa = the moisture added to the ventilating air during
movement from location j to location i, lbs., and
Pi’Pj = moisture in ventilating air at location i and j,
respectively, lbs.
The equation for the flow rate of moisture in ventilating
air was given by Esmay (1969) and modified to read

Mi = Mawi’

where Mi T the moisture flow rate at location i, lbs. of

moisture/hr,
Ma = mass flow rate, lbs of air/hr, and
W = the humidity ratio of the air at location i, lbs

moisture/lb of dry air.
The results of this equation were multiplied by a lapsed time to
yield the total moisture in pounds, i.e.,
P1 = M 6
where 6 = lapsed time, hours, and
Pi and Mi = (as previously defined).
The collected data were used to estimate the true values of wi’Ma’

and 0. The humidity ratio, W1, was calculated from algorithms

 

45

prepared by Bakker-Arkema and Lerew (1972) using the dry—bulb and
wet-bulb temperature data. The processing of these temperature

and velocity-count data was done by a computer program prepared for
that purpose. Data gathered during a specific 24-hour or longer
testing period were treated the same by the program. Minor adjust-
ments in station number designations were sometimes required when
processing data from different testing periods because of malfunc-
tions of the temperature-measuring equipment. A data record (71
pieces of data) was read from the magnetic tape and, when appropriate,
the clock time set equal to variables defined as the time for data
immediately preceding data being processed, the first time reading
of the calendar day, and the time of the beginning of the 30-minute
programmed cycle of data collection. The readings from those sta-
tions recording dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures and velocities
were combined with another instrument reading cycle and averaged by
summing and counting each individual reading. The two instrument
recording cycles were combined into one 60-minute calculating cycle
by processing only the hour and ignoring the minute portion of the
time record. Only those readings not equal to zero were summed and
counted. The results of this process yielded an arithmetic average
of the readings taken at a specific location during a one-hour cycle.
The readings for the electrically preset offset temperature were
processed in a like manner. If during data collection or upon
reviewing the collected data an equipment malfunction of one of the
data-collection stations was observed, the data from that station

were set equal to zero. The effect was to eliminate those data

 

46

from consideration. The temperature data were collected as paired
data; e.g., at Station 11 there was a dry-bulb temperature and a
wet-bulb temperature, at Station I2 the same things, etc. These
averaged data pairs were checked for the larger value and inter-
changed if the ”wet-bulb" was larger than the "dry—bulb." This
switch was necessary to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of the psychro-
metric algorithms and the data-collecting equipment. In theory the
two temperatures can be equal, but the wet-bulb temperature cannot
be larger than the dry-bulb temperature. During freezing weather no
true wet-bulb temperature of the incoming air was recorded because
the water supply would freeze and damage the equipment. Since under
freezing conditions the humidity ratio is very low even at 100 per-
cent relative humidity, saturated incoming air was assumed by allow-
ing the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures to be equal. The elec-
tronics of the equipment was not precise enough, however, to signal
exactly the same temperature to within one-tenth of a degree. The
result was that the recorded wet-bulb temperature was sometimes
slightly larger than the dry-bulb temperature. After the comparison
check and switch, if needed, the dry-bulb temperatures and the wet-
bulb temperatures of each location were averaged; i.e., the dry—bulb
temperatures atlocations 11, I2, and I3 were averaged and the wet-
bulb temperatures at locations 11, 12, and I3 were averaged, etc.
The result was one dry-bulb and one wet-bulb temperature to represent
10 to 14 readings in the ventilating air stream taken simultaneously

at three locations over two time periods of about 3 minutes.

 

47

The algorithm for calculation of psychrometric data was
prepared for use with American Engineering Units. Because of this,
all calculations were made with these units. Since the temperature
data were collected in metric units, they were converted to degrees
Fahrenheit and degrees Rankine after the offset factor was sub-
tracted from the averaged number representing temperature. The
dry-bulb and wet—bulb temperatures, expressed in degrees Rankine,
were combined with U.S. Weather Service data for the barometric
pressure at East Lansing, Michigan, to determine the humidity ratio
of the ventilating air.

The value for the velocity—count, x, for use in the two
equations derived by linear regression analysis was obtained by
averaging the velocity-count data collected at locations 01, 02,
and 03. The processing of the velocity-count data was carried out
simultaneously with and similarly to the processing of the tempera-
ture data; i.e., the 10 to 14 readings at each location were averaged,
then the averages frmnthe three locations were averaged. The result
was one arithmetic average velocity-count for those data collected
during the one-hour calculating cycle.

The flow rate of the ventilating air through the poultry
house for each one-hour cycle was calculated from the equation

q = AY + y

where q = poultry house air-flow rate, cfm,

A = cross—sectional area of the drying tunnel, sq ft,
and

Y and y = (as previously defined).

 

48

To obtain the mass-flow rate, Ma’ the volume-flow rate, q, was
multiplied by 60 minutes per hour and divided by the specific volume
of the ventilation air as calculated from the outgoing dry-bulb and
wet—bulb temperatures, i.e.,
Ma = 60q/v,
where v = specific volume of ventilating air, cu ft/lb,
and
Ma and q = (as previously defined).
The computer program calculated the lapsed time from recorded
data thus:
6 = tm - tk
where tm = clock time at the end of the currently processed
data cycle, hours, and
tk = clock time at the end of the previously processed
data cycle, hours.
For the specific poultry house the area, A, was equal to 49.5 square
feet. Combining this area with the above analysis into one function
and rounding to 5 significant figures yields
PA = (tm-tk)(Wj-Wj)(l/v)(826.53x+l75,580.),
where all variables have been previously defined.
This function expresses the moisture added to the ventilating air
in terms of the recorded data and psychrometric terms calculated

from recorded data.

 

49

3.2.2 Simulation Model Evaluation

The model was evaluated by comparing a performance variable
as determined from measured data to that same variable as calculated
by the simulation model. The ultimate performance variable to com-
pare was the evaporation from manure during the test day. Another
performance variable was the total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the test day and a third performance variable was the
evaporation from the poultry house during one specific hour of a
test day. Of these the total moisture removed from the poultry
house during the test day was determined with the least amount of
intermediate calculation from the collected data. As a result it
was used extensively in the initial verification comparisons.

It was necessary to adjust the simulation model to give
results similar to the collected data. During this period of evalua—
tion, it was found useful to compare initial input values and inter-
mediately calculated values. All of the comparisons were made
graphically by using appropriate peripheral equipment in connection
with the computer. The effect of this capability was that approp-
riate calculated data from the verification measurements could be
combined with comparable calculations from the simulation model and
plotted to form a graph for review.

The principal input variables for the model were dry-bulb
temperature and dewpoint temperature. Other input variables were
considered constant for a specific day. Intermediate values of

interest were: humidity ratio of incoming air, dry-bulb temperature

 

50

of out-going air, dewpoint temperature of out-going air, humidity
ratio of out-going air, incoming and out—going humidity ratio dif—
ference, and air flow through the poultry house. Examples of
comparison graphs for each of these variables versus time are pre-
sented in Appendix B. The values calculated for each of the inter—
mediate variables helped evaluate errors in the simulation model.
After operating the simulation model and comparing the graphical
results, adjustments were made in the model. Following the adjust-
ments it was operated again and compared. This process was continued
many times. Each time it was necessary to make comparison graphs
for most, if not all validation test days. As noted above, the
principal basis of performance evaluation was the graph of total
moisture removed from the poultry house during the test day. (See
Figure 3.1 for an example.)

The evaporation from manure during the test day for the
verification data was calculated by difference. As explained earlier,
the psychrometric data and the air flow measurements provided the
information to calculate the amount of moisture added to the air as
it passed through the poultry house. The results of these calcula—
tions provided the total moisture added to the ventilating air.
Since the sources of added moisture were the moisture from drying
manure, the surface of the waterers, and the respiration from the
hens, the moisture from the drying manure could be calculated as
the difference from the total added moisture and the other two
sources. The estimates used for the moisture from the waterers and

from hen respiration were as calculated from the evaporation equation

 

51

(section 2.4.10) and the respiration equation (section 2.4.8),
respectively. The calculated value for the moisture from the dry-
ing manure was further modified by uniformly distributing the error
between the verification data and the simulation data among the
three sources of added moisture. This modified value was used to
prepare the "data” line on the graphs of evaporation from manure
during the day. (See Figure 3.2 for an example.)

The simulation model performance acceptability was a quali-
tative judgment based upon how well the curve of a specific variable
versus time matched the shape of the verification (collected data)
curve. The individually paired data point values were also con-

sidered in the performance acceptability evaluation.

3.3 Verification Results

3.3.1 Summer Conditions

Data collected during three summer days were suitable for
use as verification data. These data were obtained August 12, 13,
and 20, 1974. For each of the three days, performance variable
graphs were prepared. The graphs, prepared with the simulation model
in its acceptable form, are presented as Figures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4,
3.5, and 3.6. Simultaneously a tabulated graph was made of manage—
ment factor, design, and input values used in the simulation. These

tabulations are presented in Appendix C.

3.3.2 Winter Conditions
Data collected during two winter days were suitable for use

as verification data. These data were obtained January 6 and 7, 1975.

52

As with the summer data, performance variable graphs were prepared.
Similarly, tabulations were made of management factor, design, and
input values used during the simulation. The graphs are presented
as Figures 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, and 3.10. The tabulations are in Appen-
dix C.

It should be pointed out that certain winter condition adjust-
ments were required of the simulation model to accommodate a unique
situation of the experimental poultry house. When operating the
mechanical dryer it was found necessary to have at least one of the
main ventilating fans in operation to prevent combustion gases from
entering the laying hen portion of the poultry house. As a result,
the minimum ventilating rate in the simulation model was increased
to include this effect during the time of mechanical drying on the
appropriate verification test dates. This was done by adjusting the
minimum ventilating rate to that actually measured on the verifica-

tion test date.

3.4 Discussion of Verification

 

A review of the graphs showing the accumulated total mois-
ture removed from the poultry house during the day, i.e., Figures 3.1,
3.3, 3.5, 3.7, and 3.9, showed that the "data" curves and the “simu-
lation” curves followed very closely their respective data points. A
comparison of the paired curves also showed the general shape of the
curves to be similar. It was noted, however, that the curve shapes
were better matched for the summer data than the winter data. When

comparing the departure of the paired curves it was noted that the

 

53

curves for the date August 13, 1974, had the greatest deviation for
the summer data and that for January 6, 1975, for the winter data.
For August 13, 1974, the largest deviation occurred at the twenty-
fourth hour of the day, i.e., when the ordinate values were the
largest and thus the accumulated error was the largest. As noted
from Table 3.1, the numerical difference of the plotted data points
was 282.09 (2977.10-2695.01) pounds of moisture. For January 6,
1975, the largest difference occurred at the fourteenth hour and
was 420.87 (1035.19—614.32) pounds of moisture. With the ”data“
value as the base, the errors for the two extreme values were 9.5
and 68.5 percent, respectively. There is no known explanation for
the large deviation in the January 6, 1975, graph. The only known
different management practice on that date was that the mechanical
dryer did not operate. Some of the difference might be attributed
to measurement error, however.

A review of the graphs showing the evaporation from manure
during the day, i.e., Figures 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, and 3.10, showed
that the “data” and the "simulation” curves followed very closely
their respective data points with the possible exception of the
”data” curve for January 6, 1975. For this graph there was con-
siderable variation between the plotted points and the curvilinear
regression curve. When comparing the paired curves, it was noted
that each pair involving the summer data was more nearly the same
shape than those of the winter data. Some of this difference in
appearance can be explained by noting that the scaled length for the

ordinate of the winter data was less than one—half the scaled length

 

 

54

of that for the summer data. It was also noted that the paired
curves for the data of January 6, 1975, were not well matched.
Although no reason for this discrepancy was found, it was noted that
the data points for the "data" curve for this date seemed more ran—
dom than all other curves.

Some of the difference in the paired verification curves
might be attributed to measurement error. Several factors are
involved with measurement error including accuracy, sensitivity,
response time, and readability. For the most part, the magnitude
of these factors is limited by the specific measuring equipment.
Accuracy can be checked by a calibration procedure and can often be
adjusted as was the case for the equipment used for this study.

The specific measurements made in this study were dry-bulb tempera-
ture, wet-bulb temperature, and air speed. The measurement of each
contributed to measurement error but this discussion has been limited
to the readability of the dry—bulb and wet-bulb temperatures and
their effects upon the “data“ quantity graphed in Figures 3.1, 3.3,
3.5, 3.7, and 3.9. This quantity is the total moisture removed

from the poultry house.

The readability of temperature was limited by the paper tape
recording equipment to the equivalent of 1.8°F. Information approp-
riate for January 7, 1975, was selected to illustrate the extreme
effects of an error of one readability unit, i.e., 1.8°F, upon the
graphed "data” quantity. For that date the average inside air tem-

peratures were 55.80°F dry-bulb and 50.47°F wet-bulb. The average

 

55

incoming air temperatures were 37.00°F dry-bulb and 35.98°F wet-
bulb. Also for that date the average ventilating rate was 8388

cubic feet per minute. If the readability error potential is added to
or subtracted from these average temperatures to give inside tempera-
tures of 55.62°F dry-bulb and 50.68°F wet-bulb and incoming tempera-
tures of 37.18°F dry-bulb and 35.82°F wet-bulb, the humidity ratio
change was the largest possible. For the smallest humidity ratio

the dry-bulb and wet—bulb temperatures were 55.98, 50.32, 36.82,

and 36.12°F, respectively. For a one—hour period at the average
ventilating rate and the large humidity ratio difference, the total
moisture added to the air would be 105.7 pounds. For the low humidity
ratio difference the total moisture added to the air would be 84.9
pounds per hour. The difference between these two values, 20.8
pounds per hour, can be called the average range of readability
effect upon the total moisture removed from the poultry house. The
"data” quantity graphed in Figure 3.10, however, accumulates over a
24-hour time period. For the extreme case the readability error
would also accumulate over the 24—hour period and be equal to 501.2
pounds of moisture. Table 3.1 shows the difference between the col—
lected data and the simulation model on January 7, 1975, to be 274.7
(1983.50—1708.83) pounds after 24 hours. This is less than 501.2
pounds. Calculations for the data collected on the other dates
showed similar relationships. This indicated that the "simulation”
quantity graphed by the figures fell within the envelope formed by

measurement error variation.

 

56

KOO. 00

«10‘
I00.

3‘00. 00

330.00

A

200. 00

“0.00
O

1

FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE DAY - LBS
.00 z90.00

UHNEU
mama 90

90.00
.
HD

1—4
CD

LRTION

.

o

G!
we

EVRPOHHTED HOISTUHE S
00 IPJJO

 

 

15:00 15.00 II.00 {5.00 10.00 25.00 25.00 at.00
TIME IN HOURS

c!
o
D
"1
8
F.
o
O
o
a
a
(I
o
0

Figure 3.1. Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry house
during the day of August 12, 1974. The two curves result
from curvilinear regression calculations based on the two
separate sets of data.

 

[10.00
4

100.00

1110‘
00.00 09.00

0

Yd LBS

50.00 50.00 79.

‘0.00
1

EVHPOHRJOIgg FROM HRNUHE DURING THE on

20.00

1

19.00

 

00

57

 

 

Figure 3.2.

‘. . 0 0100 10.00 15.00 111.00 115.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 25.00
H 00 a 0 TIME IN HOURS

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in the
poultry house during the day of August 12, 1974. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calculations
based on the two separate sets of data.

 

«10‘
390.00 190.00 4

330.00

200.00
A

n

2M0.00

ON THE BEGINNING OF THE DRY — LBS
200.00

0 FR
190.00

130.00

0 EVRPOHRTED HOISTUHE SUHH

 

58

 

g ,omn
5;. 0 SIHULRTION
8
51
m flm Cw in tm wmo 15w 1km 0&0 $00 $00 25% £00
TIHE IN HOURS
Figure 3.3. Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry house

during the day of August 13, 1974. The two curves result
from curvilinear regression calculations based on the two
separate sets of data.

 

510.00

190. 00

7 LBS I10|
09.00 00.00

00

39.00 “40.00 5?. 00 OP.00 'IP.

00

J

EVRPOHRIION FHOH HRNUBE DURING THE OR

20.

10.00

A

 

59

 

 

D
D
I '. '. 0'. 0 0.00 15.00 10.00 I000 10.00 20.00 25.00 211.00
‘0 00 2 00 t 00 0 00 0 I TINE IN HOURS
Figure 3.4. Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in the

poultry house during the day of August 13, 1974. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calculations
based on the two separate sets of data.

 

300.00

“10‘
330.00 3400.00 090.00

F THE DRY — LBS

N6 0
300. 00

00. 00
J

EVRPOHHTED HOI 3T
IPJIO

 

.00

60

 

 

c9
8‘

Figure 3.5.

0.00 0.00 0100 10.00 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 25.00 20.00
TIME IN HOURS

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry house
during the day of August 20, 1974. The two curves result
from the curvilinear regression calculations based on the
two separate sets of data.

 

I00.oo 0‘0
A 1

uto‘
00.00 09.00

A

Y L88
0

19.0

00.00
A

50.00
J

No.00
A

30.00

1

EVRPOHHTION FHOH HRNUHE DURING THE 00

20.00
j

[0.00

 

61

 

 

O
O
$m0 {m 0% she in tin fimo TLm Tflmu fimu 20m $00 flmc
TIME IN HOURS
Figure 3.6. Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in the

poultry house during the day of August 20, 1974. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calculations
based on the two separate sets of data.

 

«10‘
290.00 230.00

LBS
190.00

l. .00
A .1

NNING OF THE gHY
100.00

.31.

E
00

1001.50 8

00.00

D MOISTURE SUHNED FHOH
09.00

PETE “p.00

EVHPO
20

 

62

MD
HI
:—I
:1

LHTION

 

c? 00
8
”'4
8

Figure 3.7.

0.00 0100 0100 10.00 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 25.00 20.00
TIME IN HOURS

Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry house
during the day of January 6, 1975. The two curves result
from curvilinear regression calculations based on the two
separate sets of data.

 

 

 

 

0100.00 ”0.00

090.00

533%“ @539“ 352%.,

21‘

J

EVRPURRTION FHOH NRNUBE DU
130.00 130.00 200.00

09.00

09.00

 

63

MO
HID
3—4
(:3)

LRTION

 

4100
'2
8

Figure 3.8.

0100 0100 $.00 10 00 111.00 15.00 20.00 22.00 130.00

.00 3.00 1h.
TIME IN HOURS

Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in the
poultry house during the day of January 6, l975. The two
curves result from curvilinear regression calculations
based on the two separate sets of data.

gf0.00

~10‘
290.00

100.00
4

100.00
J

l!0.00

BEGINNING OF THE DRY - LBS
l?0.00

.00

100
1

00.00

1

00.00
.

EVRPOBRTEOWHgOISTUBE SUHHED FROM THE

 

64

 

. 3 LHTION
I
g I
“0.00 2100 40100 3100 0200 10100 12.00 1k.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 25.00 ’Ek.00
110: IN nouns
Figure 3.9. Accumulated total moisture removed from the poultry house

during the day of January 7, l975. The two curves result
from curvilinear regression calculations based on the two
separate sets of data.

“IO. 00

 

65

 

8.
O
a
3
i
”8 .
n.
..JE.‘ I
;
Co
De
“2‘51
.—
$8
52.
D
U
:21
g.
a:°.
In:
zgl
E
58
Cu
DM
“-0.
C
E
0010

E. E smumnun
' l

I
s .
5
8
'. 1 '. 0100 nine 10.00 mo 10.00 10.00 15.00 €0.00 22.01: 2km
930° 20° ”n 1111: IN nouns
Figure 3.l0. Accumulated moisture evaporated from the manure in the

poultry house during the day of January 7, l975. The
two curves result from curvilinear regression calculations
based on the two separate sets of data.

 

66

 

 

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67

 

 

 

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4. RESULTS FROM MODEL USE

The simulation model was operated four times using average
weather data. Each simulation operation was selected to typify the
amount of manure-drying that might occur in a poultry house near
Lansing, Michigan, during (l) winter conditions, (2) summer condi-
tions, (3) spring conditions, and (4) throughout the year.

The data averaged for the first three simulation operations
were the dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures for the lO-year period
l968 through l977. Weather for the month of January was used to
represent winter conditions, the month of July summer conditions,
and the month of April represented spring conditions. Since the
model calculates the moisture removed from the manure on a daily
basis, a dry-bulb and dewpoint temperature was required for each
day of the representative month. The lO-year average for the spe—
cific day was used and calculated from National Weather Service data
(U.S. Department of Commerce, l977a). For the calculations repre-
senting the manure drying throughout the year, representative weather
data in each month of the year were selected. The representative
data were the average dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures for each
month of the year as determined by the National Weather Service
(U.S. Department of Commerce, l977b) for Lansing, Michigan.

The results from operating the simulation model are pre-
sented graphically with two graphs for each operating condition.

68

 

69

The first graph shows the moisture removed from the manure each day
of the month as calculated by the simulation model. The same graph
also shows the corresponding dry—bulb and dewpoint temperatures as
determined from weather data. The second graph shows the manure
moisture content for each day of the month and the same correspond-
ing dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures. The graphs for January are
presented as Figures 4.l and 4.2, for April as Figures 4.3 and 4.4,
and for July as Figures 4.5 and 4.6. Graphs for the year as a whole
are presented as Figures 4.7 and 4.8. The same basic pattern was
used for the year as a whole graphs as those for the individual
months. The data from which the graphs were prepared are presented
as Tables 4.l, 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4. Table 4.5 lists the management
factor, design, and input values used for operating the simulation
model.

A review of the graphs indicated more moisture would be
removed from the poultry house and more manure drying would occur
during summer months than in other seasons. This seemed reasonable
and was expected. When comparing the summer conditions to the winter
conditions in the poultry house, there was more ventilating air and
the air had a larger potential moisture-holding capacity during the
summer. For example, the average ventilating rate at noon as calcu-
lated by the simulation model for the month of July was 20,400 cubic
feet per minute and for January was 5,410 cubic feet per minute.
Similarly, the average potential evaporation of the air for July was
l03.7 pounds of water and for January was 74.5 pounds of water.

(The potential evaporation was calculated as the difference of the

 

70

 

 

 

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'0.00 5.00 5.00 30.00 5?00

 

Figure 4.l. The moisture removed from manure during a typical month

of January as calculated by the simulation model.

 

 

7l

 

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o

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a:

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8

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Figure 4.2.

 

 

The moisture content of manure for a typical month of
January as calculated by the simulation model.

 

x10‘
09.00

70.00

LBS
p.00

6

50.00

I

“0.00

30.00

I

MOISTURE REMOVED FROM MRNURE

 

 

72

+ M137!!!
* MYBULI
O mam

120.00

DRYBULB & UENPUINT TEMPEHRTURES-DEGHEES F

l I I I 1
“0.00 60.00 80.00 100.00

20.00

0.00

 

 

O
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D... r-
N
8
'0.00 5100 10.00 1%.00 20.00 2%.00 30.00 35.
DRY 0F MONTH - RPRIL
Figure 4.3. The moisture removed from manure during a typical month

of April as calculated by the simulation model.

 

73

 
   

 

 

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10.00 10.00 00
DRY OF MONTH - HPHIL

Figure 4.4. The moisture content of manure for a typical month of
April as calculated by the simulation model.

 

74

 

 

 

 

m mmmcomol mumDHECMLIMH HzHomzmo a m4ambcoo 0
8.8.4 8. 8: 8. 8 8. 8 8. 8 8. o.~ saw
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The moisture removed from manure during a typical month

of July as calculated by the simulation model.

Figure 4.5.

 

75

m mmmmomo mmmnhmmmmzwp PzHemzmo « mJDmymo 0
oo.940 co. oo4 co. on on. am no. a: co. ow 8.04

 

 

 

 

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The moisture content of manure for a typical month of

July as calculated by the simulation model.

Figure 4.6.

. I
.'|‘.
.

 

76

 

L mummomo mumahcmmszH thomzmo w 0400»00o

 

 

H
00.00

a
00.00

 

00.0m4 00. 00” 00. 00 00. 00 00. 0: 00. cm 0.0
m

m

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throughout the year as calculated by the simulation

Representative daily moisture removal from manure
model.

Figure 4.7.

 

77

 

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09.00
00.00

30.00
60.00

I
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DHYBULB & DENPOINT TEMPEBRTURES-DEGBEES F

MRNUBE MOISTURE CONTENT
20.00

 

 

 

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C I
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W‘ N
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O D
c; I I I I fi I I o

' ‘ I
I. m It:
'" nauifi'ur 7:50 " '3

Figure 4.8. Representative daily manure moisture content throughout
the year as calculated by the simulation model.

 

78

Table 4.1. Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical month of January as calculated by the simulation

 

 

model.
MANURE MANURE AVERAGE AVERAGE
DAY MCISTURE MOISTURE DRY-BULB DEWPOIHT
DF PEKUVED. CONTENT, TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE.
MCWTH POUN88 PERCENT DEGREES F DEGREES F
1 533.4 68.1 19. 14.
2 487.9 68.8 21. 17.
3 476.1 69.2 22. 18.
4 529.1 67.3 17. 13.
5 565.0 65.8 13. 7.
6 530.6 67.2 17. 11.
7 558.4 66.1 14. 9.
E 566104 65.7 130 70
9 529.1 67.3 17. 11.
10 490.4 68.5 20. 15.
11 518.2 67.7 13. 13.
12 540.9 66.8 16. 10.
13 513.4 67.7 19. 12.
14 499.9 68.4 20. 15.
15 538.2 66.9 16. 11.
16 I'07. 68.1 19. 13.
17 496-7 6305 200 15.
18 462.9 69.7 23. 18.
19 451.9 73.0 24. 18.
20 436.5 68.9 21. 16.
21 44005 7004 25. 19!
22 428.8 73.8 26. 20.
24 434.2 70.6 25. 18.
25 427.1 70.8 26. 20.
26 433.3 73.5 25. 18.
27 406.0 65.9 21. 15.
28 476.0 69.2 22. 19.
29 441.3 70.4 25. 19.
30 475.3 69.2 22. 17.

31 464.5 69.6 23. 16.

 

 

79

Table 4.2. Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical month of April as calculated by the simulation

 

 

model.
MAMURE MANURE AVERAGE AVERAGE
DAY “DISTURE MCISTURE DRY-BULB DEKPCINT
OF REFOVEU, CONTENT, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE,
MONTH POUNDS PERCENT DEGREES F DEGREES F
1 321.6 73.8 39. 30.
2 333.1 73.5 39. 3C.
3 333.6 73.5 38. 29.
4 332.3 73.5 37. 29.
5 339.4 73.3 35. 24.
6 339.7 73.3 38. 24.
7 349.1 73.1 39. 26.
9 342.6 73.3 39. 24.
9 339.3 73.4 39. 25.
13 357.9 72.9 42. 27.
11 351.5 73.0 43. 27.
12 402.2 71.6 49. 32.
13 333.0 72.0 48. 34.
14 339.6 72.0 47. 34.
15 401.8 71.6 50. 37.
16 435.3 70.6 52. 40.
17 449.1 70.1 53. 41.
18 450.8 69.9 54. 44.
19 414.6 71.? 51. 40.
23 440.6 73-2. 53. 40.
2 455.9 69.9 54. 41.
22 332.4 72.2 49. .41.
23 353.5 72.2 49. 3d.
74 331.3 73.6 43. 33.
25 343.8 73.2 43. 32.
26 389.5 72.0 47. 32.
27 422.0 71.0 51. 35.
28 383.9 72.1 49. 38.
29 414.5 71.2 51. 4O.

30 452.3 70.0 53. 43.

 

 

80

Table 4.3. Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical month of July as calculated by the simulation

 

 

model.
MANURE MANURE AVERAGE AVERAGE
DAY MCISTURE MCISTURE DRY-BULB DEHPUINT
UF REHOVE3, CONTENT, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE.
VCNTH POUNDS PERCENT DEGREES F DEGREES F
1 788.3 52.4 70. 58.
2 772.5 53.7 69. 56.
3 750.5 55.4 68. 5S.
4 750.0 55.4 7 68. 59.
5 746.7 55.7 68. 58.
6 773.7 53.6 69. 57.
7 816.1 50.0 71.. 59.
8 334.4 43.3 72. 62.
9 813.9 50.2 71. 61.
10 7813.9 52.4 70. 61.
11 774.0 53.6 69. 58.
12 756.1 55.0 68. 58.
14 377.3 43.7 74. c3.
15 855.9 46.0 73. 62.
16 814.9 53.1 71. 60.
17 835.9 48.1 72. 60.
18 815.0 50.1 71. 62.
19 832.3 48.5 72. 64.
20 815.0 50.1 71. 62.
21 793.6 52.0 70. 60.
22 514.0 50.2 71. 60.
23 814.5 50.1 71. 62.
24 809.2 50.6 71. 64.
25 791.3 52.2 70. 61.
26 746.7 55.7 68. 59.
27 785.4 52.4 70. 60.
26 750.0 55.4 08. 59.
29 777.7 57.0 67. 59.
30 793.7 52.0 70. 59.

31 814.0 50.2 71. 62.

 

 

81

Table 4.4. Manure moisture removed and moisture content for a
typical year as calculated by the simulation model.

 

 

MANURE MANURE AVERAGE AVERAGE
MONTH MOISTURE MOISTURE DRY-BULB DEHPOINT
0F REMOVED: CONTENT, TEMPERATURE. TEMPERATURE.
YEAR LBS/DAY PERCENT DEGREES F DEGREES F
1 452.8 70.0 24. 18.
2 445.9 70.2 25. 19.
3 351.1 73.0 33. 24.
4 353.6 73.0 46. 34.
5 511.9 67.9 57. 46.
6 720.2 57.5 67. 56.
7 825.4 49.1 72. 59.
8 795.2 51.8 71. 59.
9 607.9 63.8 62. 52.
10 414.4 71.2 51. 41.
11 313.8 74.0 38. 31.
12 408.5 71.4 28. 22.

 

inside and outside humidity ratios times the ventilating air mass.)
Both of these conditions tend to increase moisture removal and manure
drying. A high dewpoint temperature would tend to reduce moisture
removal and manure drying. Although the dewpoint temperature was
high during the summer (see Figures 4.5 and 4.6), it apparently was
low enough when combined with other factors, to allow considerable
drying in the poultry house according to the simulation model calcu-
lations. As a result of this seasonal difference, the simulation
model can be expected to calculate manure moisture removal with a
seasonal cycle effect. This is in contrast to the situation
reported by Esmay et al. (l975). In their presentation they stated

the "in-house drying” of poultry manure was not seasonal. However,

 

82

their report mentioned four drying phases: in-house drying, movement
drying, belt drying, and heated air mechanical drying. The moisture
removed from the manure as calculated by the simulation model
includes the in-house drying phase and the movement drying phase.
Furthermore, the movement drying as reported by Esmay et al. (l975)
was influenced by the season of the year. A comparison of the simu—
lation model moisture content calculations for the yearly condition
as reported in Figures 4.7 and 4.8 with similar data from Esmay

et al. (l975) indicated the simulation model may calculate too much
drying, especially during summer conditions.

As the graphs were studied it was noted that the least
moisture was removed from the manure and the manure moisture content
was highest for the month of April. Although seasonal differences
were expected, minimum drying during the spring was not. This dif-
ference was found to be more noticeable when the average bird weight
was less than the average weight of the birds in the verified system.
Since the simulation model has the capability to vary such factors,
the difference was emphasized by using a smaller than normal average
bird weight as noted by Table 4.5.

At first it was thought the low drying in April was caused
by the lower dewpoint temperature and thus the higher potential
evaporation of the outside January air. This in itself did not
prove to be true. Further study of the simulation model calculations
showed that the drying rate in January during the day was about the

same as in April but at night the January drying rate was larger

 

83

than the April drying rate. For example, the drying rate based on

average conditions at noon was 0.0050 pounds of moisture per square

foot—hour for January and 0.005l pounds of moisture per square foot-

hour for April. For average conditions at midnight the drying rate

for January was 0.0065 pounds of moisture per square foot-hour but
only 0.0036 pounds of moisture per square foot—hour for April.

net effect was more drying in January than in April.

The

Table 4.5. Management factor, design, and input values as used for

operating the model with average weather data.

 

Building
Length, ft
Width, ft

Ceiling height, ft
Insulation—walls, hr—F-sq ft/Btu
Insulation-ceiling, hr-F—sq ft/Btu
Lighting heat, Btu/hr

Waterer length, ft

Waterer width, ft

Laying hens

Number of hens

Hen weight, lbs

Body temperature, F

Excreta moisture content, percent
Specific heat of manure, Btu/lb-F
Excreta production rate, lbs/hen-day

Ventilation

Inside design (set) temperature, F
Maximum ventilating rate, cfm
Minimum ventilating rate, cfm

Simulation details

Time increment-0T, hours
Starting time, clock hours
Length of run, hours/cycle
Slab index

Lighting index

92.

14.

3242.
1728.

5000.
3

107.
80.

60.
20421.
5406.

 

l

 

 

5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Summary

A simulation model which calculates the manure moisture
removed and the manure moisture content in a poultry laying house
was prepared and verified. The simulation model was based on psy—
chrometric calculations in combination with constant-rate drying
theory.

The basis of the simulation model and the test facilities for
model verification was a commercial—type laying house near East
Lansing, Michigan. The laying house had a capacity of approximately
5000 hens and used a three-tier cage system with dropping boards and
under—cage mechanical scrapers for manure removal. The laying house
was fully enclosed, insulated, and used mechanical ventilation with
thermostatic control.

The verification system was managed as a small commercial
unit at the Michigan State University Poultry Science Research and
Teaching Center. Feed and water was provided by hand filling con-
tinuous troughs along each row of cages. Eggs were also gathered
by hand. Only artificial light was provided to give a photoperiod
equal to l4 hours. The thermostats for control of ventilation were
set to operate four fans in steps of about two degrees Fahrenheit
and to maintain an inside dry—bulb temperature at between 55 and 60°F

where possible. Manure was scraped from the pens daily.

84

85

Verification data collected on three summer days and on two
winter days were satisfactory for comparison with the simulation
model generated data. Curvilinear regression curves prepared from
the two sources of data for accumulated total moisture removed from
the poultry house and for accumulated moisture evaporated from the
manure in the poultry house followed their respective data points
very closely. Each of the paired curves used for verification pur-
poses had the same general shape and magnitude except one. The
exception was for the accumulated moisture evaporated from the
manure on January 6, l975. No known reason was found for this dis—
crepancy. It was noted, however, that the manure moisture evapora-
tion data collected from the laying house were more random on that
date than other days of data collection.

The critical factors for maximizing in-house drying of
poultry manure were the manure drying rate and the drying surface
area. A large surface area provided for maximum drying. Since the
manure was removed daily, the scraping of the dropping boards maxi-
mized the exposed surface area of manure. The simulation model
indicated any system increasing the manure drying surface area would
tend to increase manure drying. The drying rate was a function of
no less than seven variables. Some of these variables were material
specific and some were configuration specific. For a given material,
i.e., poultry manure, and a given poultry house, these were con-
sidered constant. The variables which influenced the manure drying
rate the most were the inside wet-bulb depression and the ventilat-

ing rate. The wet-bulb depression in turn was influenced directly

 

86

by the inside dry—bulb temperature and indirectly by the outside
dewpoint temperature. To maximize manure drying, a high drying rate
was desirable. To obtain a high drying rate a high inside dry-bulb
temperature and low outside dewpoint was desirable. The weather
determined the outside dewpoint temperature, but management prac-

tices influenced the inside dry-bulb temperature.

5.2 Conclusions

The following conclusions are the result of preparing and
verifying a simulation model to estimate the in-house drying of
poultry manure.

l. A computer simulation model based on known drying theory
and verified by experimental psychrometric data was formulated to
simulate the fecal moisture removed from a poultry house by venti-
lating air.

2. The data from the simulation model matched the experi—
mental summer psychrometric data closely but the match of the winter
data was not as close due to the greater effect of measurement error
upon the lower ventilating air movement and smaller wet-bulb depres-
sion.

3. The simulation model provided a means of effectively
evaluating the controllable management and design factors of a poul-
try house to maximizing in—house drying of the poultry manure.

4. A simulation run of the model for seasonal variation

of moisture evaporation from a poultry house showed the greatest

 

87

potential for moisture removal to be in the summer and minimum

potential to be during the spring and autumn seasons.

5.3 Recommendations for Future Research

The results of this research suggest the need for additional
work in the following areas:

1. A better verified model to estimate the outside dewpoint
temperature than the one used in this study. The outside dewpoint
temperature has considerable impact on the drying rate and thus the
moisture removed from manure during in—house drying. An accurate
estimate of the outside dewpoint temperature, therefore, is desir—
able when using the simulation model.

2. A verification study independent of this research using
a different approach would be desirable. The collected verifica-
tion data used for this study were based on the psychrometric char-
acteristics of the ventilating air. Adjustments resulting from
verification of the simulation model based on the measurement of the
moisture content of the manure and the mass of manure produced by
the laying hens could improve the accuracy of the simulation model.

3. Additional laboratory studies be conducted to determine
a more suitable mathematical model for the drying rate of manure.
The model for the drying rate as used in the simulation model was
reported by Perry et al. (l963, l973). These authors noted the dry-
ing rate model was material specific. The objectives of the labora-

tory studies should be to develop a model specific to manure.

 

APPENDICES

88

 

 

 

APPENDIX A

COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING

89

 

n(‘C\O(WCWO(WCWD‘firlntfirfin(WC‘F‘O(TCTD(WCWU(5610(‘C30(1r‘fiffi(ih(5(TH(fi(Tfl(fir1h(‘ffifi(firfihf1r‘fi"(‘(‘fl fi(fiffifl(‘(‘€lhf‘ffir)h

APPENDIX A

 

¥an~u

 

$¥~¥v¥v¥

P R O G P A M D R Y L S N
THIS PPOGRAH (DOYLSA) SIMULATES THE ENVIRORMENT IN A POULTRY HOUSE
kHEN GIVEN THE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE: THE

ATHSSPHERIC PRESSURE. THE OUTSIDE DEH POINT,
THE HOUR TO START SIMULATICN AND THE DATE.

MOISTURE CONTENT AS FOUND FRCM
INCLUDED: BUT IS NCT REQUIRED.

A VALUE FOR THE MANURE
VARIFICATILN DATA CAN ALSO BE

THE OUTPUT FROM THE PROGRAM IS A TABLE OF THE MANURE MOISTURE
CCNTEHT FOR EACH TIME PERIOD (HOUR) THROUGHOUT THE SIMULATED 'DAY'
AND TFE MOISTURE REACVED FROJ THF MANURE FOR THAT 'OAY‘. FOR EACH

OF THESE 'DAYS'. THE INSIDE ENVIRLNMZNTAL CCNDITIOHS ARE ALSO
GIVEN. THIS TABLE IS PROVIDED TOR EACH 'CYCLE' OF NANURE REMOVAL
(APPROXIMATELY 24 HOURS).

AN ADDITIONAL OUTPUT TAELE
MANOR? FOR EACH 'DAY'. THE

GIVES A SUMfiARY CF END CONDITION OF THE
SUWHARY TABLE LIST THE MAHUPE MOISTURE
COUTEHT IN PERCENT AND THE WATER REMOVED FPEN THE HANURE DURILG
THAT PERIOD. APPROPRIATE HEATHER AND OTHER INPUT DaTA IS ALSO
SUPPLIED WITH TFE LISTING.

TO USE THE PROGRAM THE FDLLCKING DATA CARDS ARE
IST CARD— NUWBER UF 'CYCLES' OR DATA-DAY PAIRS
DEdUGSING INDEX: MBUG: (1=0N. O=CFFI COLUMN 4,
NNd: (0=VARIFICATICN: l=SIMULATICAT COLUMN 6.
2ND CARD- NUMBER OF INTERATIONS IN A SPECIFIC 'CYCLE': THE INSIDE
'SET' TERPERATURE: DEGREES R: AND THE AVERAGE WEIGHT OF THE HENS.
L83. A CARD REQUIRED FOR EACH DATA-DAY PAIR (COLUMNS 1 E 3 THRU
AND 9 THRU 14: RESPECTIVELY.

3RD E 4TH CARD- HEATHER DATA AND OTHER INPUT CONDITIONS FOR
SPECIFIC DATA-DAY PAIR (SEE FORMAT BELOW).
SECOND DATE IN THE 24-HOUR CYCLE
THE CYCLE IS ALL TFE SAME DATE).

NEEDED:
(COLUMNS I 8 2)
VARIFICATICN INDEX:

2:
A

THE 4TH CARD IS FOR THE
(A DUPLICATE CARD IS REQUIRED IF

FORMAT FJR CARDS 3 AND 4 (BOTH THE SAME)

COLUMNS NOS. DATA AND UNITS
1 E 2 MONTH :NO.
3 8 4 DAY .ND.
5 8 6 YEAR :NO.
7.879810 *ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. PSI
11 6 12 MAXIMUM OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE: DEGRESS F
13 5 14 MINIMUM OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F
15 8 16 #AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE, DEGREES F
17 E 18 *OUTSIDE DEN POINT TEMPERATURE, DEGREES F
19:?0:21:22 NUMBER OF CHICKENS IN POULTRY HCUSE: NO.
23 24 TIME OF DAY SIMULATION BEGINS: HOURS (24-HR)

**25,26:27y28
##29 THRU 24

AS MEASURED HANURE HEISTURE CONTENT:PERCENT
AS MEASURED TCTAL

DURING ONE CYCLE: LBS.

* AN ESTIMATE WILL BE CALCULATED IF THE INPUT VALUE EQUALS ZERO.
** NOT USED IN CALCULATIONS: OUTPUT ONLY

THE PSYCHROHETRIC FUNCTICN SUBROUTINE
PREPARED BY LEREh (I971) INCLUDE THE
FOLLOhING ACRONYMS:
ENDBUP-ENTHALPY. BTU/LB
HADBRH-HUMIDITY RATION:
HADP-HUMIDITY RATIO

LB OF HZOILB CF DA
LB CF HZO/LB OF DA

90

THE NUMBER OF CHICKENS:

8

MOISTURE REMOVED FROM HOUSE

*CINHOOOIO
CINHOOOZO
CINH00030
CINHODO4O
CINHOOOSO
CINHOOObO
CINH00070
CIRHOOOBO
CIhH0009O
CINHOOIOO
CINHOCIIJ
CINHOOIZO
CINH00130
CINHOOI4O
CINHOOIjO
CIhHOOIGO
CINHOOI7O
LINHOOISO
CINHDOI9O
CINHOOZOO
CIHHDOZIO
CINHOOZZO
CINHOUZJO
CINH0024O
CIHHODZSO
CINHDOZbO
CINHOOZTO
CINH00280
CINHOOZQO
CINH00300
CINH003IO
CINH00320
CINH00330
CINH0034O

:CINHOOBSO
CINH00360
CINHOO370
CINHOO380
CINH0039O
CINH00400
CINH00410
CINHOO420
CINHOO430
CINHOO440
CINHOO450
CINH00460
CINH00470
CINH00480
CINHOO490
CINHOOSOO
C1NH00510
CINHOOSZO
CINH00530
CINH00540
CINHOOSSO
C1NH00560
CINH00570
CINHOOSSO
CINh00590
C1NH00600
CINH00610
C1NH00620
CINH00630
CINHOO64O

CINHOOOSO

CINH00660

CINH00670

CINHOObSO

CINH0069O

CTNH00700

CINH00710

CINHOOTZO

 

U 0(5(3n(WCTOKW(30(‘F3“(1610(“(30(WF‘fif‘(YO(5r)n(‘(15(Wffin(fir‘n(3r30(1rTntfirinffiC‘0(WF‘fit“P30(5F)n(‘r‘fi(fi(3nt1r‘n(fi(\rin

91

 

HAPV-HUMIDITY RATIO LB CF HZO/LB OF DA CINHOOIBO

HLDd-LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION. STU/LB CINH00740

PSDb-SATURATED VAPOR PRESSURE. PSI CINHOOTSO

PVDBHB-VAPDR PRESSURE CF AIR-HATER MIXTURE. PSI CINH00760

PVHA-VAPOR PRESSURE OF AIR WATER MIXTURE. PSI CIMHOOITO
RHDEHA-RELATIVE HUMIDITY. DECIMAL CINHOOTBO
RHPSPV-RELATIVE HUMIDITY. DECIMAL CINH0079O
VSDBHA-SPECIFIC VCLUME. CU.FT./LB CINHOOBOO

HSDBHA‘METBULB TEMPERATUPE. DEGREES R CINHOOBIO

(AS MODIFIED DY DIXON ET AL. I976) CINHOOSZO

CINHOOB30

#tt#3fittfifittttttttttttttttt¢t*A ‘ *** ‘ ** bINHOOBQO
CINHOOBSO

D E F I N I T I O N O F T E R M S CINH00860

CINHOOBTO

CINHOOBBO

AWC-MCISTURE CONTENT OF MATERIAL. NET HASIS. DECIHAL FRACTION CIHHOOdQO
AT-ARRAY VALUE FOR ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE.PSI CINHOO9OO
ATIP-ATMDSHERIC PRESSURE FOR A SPECIFIC DAY. PSI CINH00910
AVSCLT-AVERAGE SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHOO920
AVID-ARRAY VALUE FOR AVERAGE CUTSIDE DRY bULB TEAPERATURE. DEGREES F CINH00930
AVTDdO-AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHOO94O
SLTH-BUILDING LENGTH. FEET CINH0095O
ER—ARRAY VALUE FOR BIRD NUMBER. CINHOO960
EROS-MC. OF BIPD S I\ BUILDING CINH309IO
BROTMP—SODY TEMPERATURE OF A CHICKEN. DEGREES R CINHOO980
BTIM- A HCLD VALUE FOR BTIHE CINH0099O
BTIME-THE TIME OF BAY THE LCOP IS TO BEGIN. HOURS CINHOIOOO
BTIHEN-ARRAY VALUE FOR BEGINNING TIME. HOURS CINHDIOIO
STIMN-ARRAY VALUE OF CLOCK TIME FOR BEGIRNING OF RUN. HOURS CINHOIOZO
CPA-THERMAL CAPACITY OF AIR. BTU PER LB. DEGREES R CINHOIOBO
CPV-THERMAL CAPACITY OF WATER VAPOR. BTU PER LB. DEGREES R CINH01040
CRITNP—LOHEST OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE AT HHICH INSIDE OPTIMUM (SET) CINHOIOSO
TEMPERATURE CAN BE MAINTAINED. DEGREES R CINHOlObO

DF - EXCRETA DISTRIBUTION FACTOR. FRACTION OF DAILY EXCRETA PRODUCED CINH0107O
DURING PERIOD OF *DT*LBCINH01080

DH- INSIDE AND OUTSIDE HUMIDITY RATIO DIFFEF.ENCE. LBS OF H20 PER LB CINHOIU90
DRY AIR CINHOIIOO
DPF-ARRAY VALUE FOR OUTSIDE DENPCINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHOIIIO
DPHA-DEMPOIHT TEFPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHOIIZO
DRPRUP—NUNBER CF DROPPINGS OF EXCRETA AS ACCUMULATED THRU THE DAY CINHOII3O
DRPSAR-SURFACE AREA OF DROPPINGS. SQ. FEET CINHOII40
DRYH— (SEE DRYPTM) CINH01150
DRYRTV- THE DRYING RATE AS CALCULATED. LBS. CF WATER PER HGUR-SO.FT. CINH01160
DPYSUF— TOTAL SURFACE AREA FOR DRYING. 50. FEET CINHOIITO
DPYTH- -THE EVAPCPATION RATE FRCM THE wATEREPS. LBS PER HOUR-SO FT CINHOIIBO
DRYM- (SEE DRYRTN) CINHOII90
DT-LENGTH CF ITERATION. HOURS CINHOIZOO
EDRYTH-A VARIFICATION VALUE: END OF MECHANICAL DRYER OPERATING TIME. CINHOIZIO
CLOCK TIME HOURS CINHOIZZO
ELPuAR-AI INDEX FDR LIGHTS. ON=1. OFF=O CINHOIZ3O
EVAPDT-IATER EVAPCRATED FRG‘4 HATERERS AND MANURE PLUS RESPIRED H20. CINH01240
. CINHOIZSO
EVAPSM-ACCUAULATIVE SUM OF NATEFEP AND MANURE EVAPORATION. LBS. CINHOIZbO
EVPDTT-TOTAL MOISTURE ADDED TO THE AIR. LBS. CINHOIZTO
EVPHZO-HATER EVAPCRATED FROM WATERS. LBS. PER HOUR CINH01280
DURING *DT’. LBS CINHOIZ9O
EVPHZS-ARRAY VALUE FOR SUM OF WATER EVAPORATED FROM WATERS. LBS CINH013OO
EVPHZT-SUM OF HATER EVAPORATED FROM HATEPS. LBS CINH01310
EVPMRT-SUM OF WATER EVAPORATED FRCM MANURE. LBS CINH01320
EVPOTT- ACCUIULATIVE SUM OF POTENTIAL EVAPORATION BASED ON THE CINH0133O
VENTILATING AIR CAPACITY. LBS OF HZC.CINH013#O
EVPPOT POTENTIAL EVAPORATION BASED ON THE VENTILATING AIR CAPACITY. CINH01350
LBS JF H20. CINH01360
EVPMUR-HATER EVAPCPATED FROM MANUFE. LBS. PER HO'JR CIN HOIBTO
EVPRMV- ARRAY VALUE FOR TOTAL hATER RE“ OVED FROM MANURE DURING ONE RUHCINH0138O
(DAY). LBS CINHOI390
EVPSUM-TOTAL WATER REMOVED FRCM THE MANURE. L65 CINH01400
EVPT-THE AMOUNT OF HATER EVAPOPATED FROM THE MANJRE DURING *DT‘. LBS.CINHOI410
EVPTTL-TOTAL WATER EVAPORATED IN HOUSE. LBS. CINH01420

EXCDMC-THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF MANURE AS DEFICATED. DECINAL FRACTION CINH01430
EXSHHS-HEIGHT OF MANURE IN THE HOUSE MIRUS EVAPORATED MOISTURE. LBS. CINH01440

 

nonnnnnnonnannnnnfinnnhnnnfinnonnnnnnhnnnnnnnnonmannannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

92

EXVTD-MANURE PRODUCED DURING IME DT. LBS CINHOI450
EXHTDY-HEIGHT OF EXCRETA PER DAY. LBS. CINHOI460
EXHTSM-HEIGHT OF EXCRETA AS ACCUHULATED THRU THE DAY. LBS CINH01470
FLOW-THE VENTILATION RATE AT THE ITERATION TIME. CFM CIHHOIQBO
HA-HUMIDITY RATIO FCR OUTSIDE AIR.LB OF HZC PER LB OF DA CINH0149O
HADP-HUMIDITY RATIO. LB OF H20 PER LB OF DA CINHOI5OC
HADPI-INSIDE HUMIDITY RATIO BASED ON INSIDE DEKPOINT TEMPERATURE. LB CTNHOISIO
OF HZC PER LB OF DA. CINHOISZO
HADPO-OUTSIDE HUMIDITY PATIO BASED ON OUTSIDE DEHPOINT TEMPERATURE. CINHOISBO
LBS OF HZC PER LB CF DA. CINHOIS4O
HAI-HUWIDITY RATIO FOR INSIDE AIR AS CALCULATED FROM SUMS OF MOISTURECINHDI550
SOURCES. LB EF H20 PER LB OF DA CINH01560
HAIN-ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY OF INSIDE AIR. LBS PER Lb CINHOISTO
HEIT-BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINHOISBO
HLDB-LATEAT HEAT CF VAPORIZATICN. BTU PER LB CINHDIS9O
HTMC- -MDISTURE CONTENT OFc MANURE ASFOUND FROM EXPERIMENTAL DATA AT MSUCINHOIbOO
HTMN- ARRAY VALUE FOR HTM CINH016IO
IBUG- AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM CINHOIéZO
ID- CALENDAR DAY (DATE) CINHOleO
ION- ARRAY VALUE FOR CALENDAR DAY- FINAL DAY CF RUN. CINH01640
INDIC-AN INDEX TO CHANGE SLAB TEMPERATURE E. G. DAILY FATHER THAN EACHCINHOIbSO
CALCULATION CINHOIbe
IY-CALENDAR YEAR(DATE) CINHOIéTO
IYN—ARPAY VALUE FOR CALENDAR MONTH CINHOleO
K-INTEGER VALUE FOR STARTING PCINTEF. CINH01690
L-A POINTER FOR THE CLCCK TIME BEING CALCULATED CINHOlTOO
LTIHE- LAST TIME PERIOD OF A RUM (DAY).HOURS CINHOITIO
MBUG-AN INTEGER CCDE USED FOR DEDUGGINO THE *MAIN* CINHOITZO
MID- AHOLD VALUE FOR ID CINHOI730
MIDN-ARRAY VALUE FOR CALENDAR DAY-INITIAL DAY OF RUN CINH01740
MM-COUNTER FOR NUNFER CF OUTPUT LINES PER DAY. CINHOITSO
MMNH-DELAYED HOLD VALUE FOR MN. DEGREES F CINH01760
MIXH- DELAYED HOLD VALUE FOR MX. DEGREES F CINHOITTO
-MINIMUM OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE FOR THE DAY.DEGR EES F CINHOITBO
MNN- OUTPUT VALUE FOR MN. DEGREES F CINHOIT9O
MO-CALENDAR NCNTHICATE) CINHOIBOO
MON-ARRAY VALUE FOR CALENDAR MONTH CINHOISIO
MTIVE-ALAPSED TIME COUNTER DURING RUN. NO. OF DT.S CI NH01820
HX-MAXIMUM OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE FOR THE DAY.DEGREES F CII'HOIS30
MXN- OUTPUT VALUE FOR MX.OEGREES F CINHOIBQO
NN-NUHBER OF RUNS (DAYS) FOR HHICH CALCULATIONS ARE DESIRED. CINHOISSO
NNH-INDICATOR DESIGNATING THAT WEATHER GENERATED BY *METHER* IS FOR CINH01860
VAFIFCATION (=0) OR FOR SIMULATION (=1). CINH01570
ONEFAN-A VERIFICA TION VALUE' THE CAPACITY OF ONE VENTILATING FAN. CFMCINHOISBD
PATH—ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. PSI CINHDIB9O
PCTMCH-THE PERCENT MOISTURE CONTENT AFTER DRYING FOR *DT* AND AS IF CINHOI9OO
WERE THE FIRST *DT* CINHGIqu
PCTMCT-THE PERCENT MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE HANURE AT THE DESIGNATED CINHOI920
TIME CINHDI930
PC-MOISTURE CONTENT OF MANURE AT END OF RUN. PERCENT CINHOI94O
POULTRY FARM BLDG NO. 7. PERCENT CINHOI950
CADDED—ACCUPULATED HEAT ADDED TO THE POULTRY HCUSE FROM ALL SOURCES CINH01960
U CINHOIQTO

CAH-P' ET HEAT ADDED TO HCUSE. bTU PEP CINH01980
OCONST- THE SUM OF HEAT BALANCE FACTIRS UREMAINING CCNSTANT DURING CINHOI990
COf'VERGENCE CALCULATIONS. BTU PER HR. CINHOZOOO
QLTOT- -LATENT HEAT PRODUCTION OF BIRDS. BTU PER HOUR CINHOZOIO
OLTOTS-TOTAL RESPIRED MOISTURE FROM BIRDS. LBS CINHOZJZO
OWECH-MECHANICAL HEAT ADDED INSIDE HOUSE. BTU PER HR CINH02030
QS-SENSIBLE HEAT PRODUCTION OF BIRDS. BTU PER HOUR CINH02040
R-INTERMEDIATE VALUE TO DEFINE THE LENGTH OF A FUN. CINHDZOSO
RANGE-OUTSIDE DAILY TEMPERATURE RANGE. OREGREES F CINHOZDBO
RSPHTR—RESPIRATION RATE OF BIRDS. LBS PER HUUR CINHOZOTO
WJNLGT-NUMSER OF INTERACTIONS EACH COAPUTER FUN (CYCLE LENGTH) CINHOZOSO
SDRYTM-A VARIFICATIUN VALUE: BEGINNING OF MECHANICAL DRYER OPERATING CINH0209O
TIME. CLOCK TIME HOURS CINH02100
SOLT-ADJUSTED CEILING SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHOZIIO
ST—AUJUSTED CEILING SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHOZIZO
TAV-AVERAGE SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINH02130
TB-OUTSIDE DRYBULB TEMPERATURE FOP OUTPUT. DEGREES F CINHOZI40
TUB-OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHOZISO

TDBOZ-FUTSIDE WALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHOZIbO

 

 

DIWC\O(“C1DKWFXot‘r‘0f‘r‘fif‘ffifi(1(10(D(1hrfiF‘O(‘F\Ot1r\fltfir\fi(fiffin(fi(WOCWC‘F

0(1CWO

93

 

 

TOP-OUTSIDE DEN POINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHOZITO
TURF-OUTSIDE DEWPDINT TEMPERATJRE (U.S. nEATHER SERVICE). DEGREES F CINH02130
TOPl- INSIDE DEHPCINT TEMPERATURE. DEGPEES F CINHOZI9O
TEMPI—THE INSIDE TEMPERATUPE OBTAINED BY CLNVERGENCE. DEGREES R CINHOZZOO
TGES—AN INTERMEDIATE GUESS VALUE USED FOR CCNVERGENCE. DEGREES K CINHOZZIO
TI‘TEMPERATURE INSIDE HOUSE AS CARRIED BY MAIN PROGRAM. DEGREES R CINHDZZZO
TIDP-INSIDE DEHPGINT TEMPERATURE AT "TIME HINUS DT." DEGREES R CINHOZZJO
TIME-CLOCK TIME. 24-HOUR CLOCK CINH02240
TIN-TEMPERATURE. INSIDE HOUSE. DEGREES FIUSED IN SUBROUTINES) CINHOZZSO
TMIH-A CALCULATED TEMPERATURE HHICH THE MIN. VENTILATION RATE CAN CINH02260
HOLD: AN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE DEGREES R CINHOZZTO
TDEI-INSIDE DRYEULB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINH02280
TDBO¢OUTSIDE DRYBULB TEMPERATURE AS CALCULATED BY *HETHER*. DEGREES FCINH02290
TDPI-IhSIDE DEHPCINT TEMPERATJPE. CEGREES F CINH02330
TDPO-OUTSIDE DEW POINT TEMPERATURE AS CALCULATED BY *HETHER*.DEGREE FCINHOZBIU
TMINF-NINIMUH TEMP FCR THE DAY.DEGREES F CINH02320
TMlNR—MINIMUM TEMP FOR THE DAY. DEGREES R CINH0233O
TL-GJISIDE HALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHDZ340
TP-DERPOINT TEMPERATURE FOR OUTPUT. DEGREES F. OUTSIDE CINHOZBSO
TSET-DESIRED NSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHDZBOO
TSLAB-TERPERATURE OF FLOOR SLAB. DEGREES R AND F CINHOZBIO
TLBI- INSIDE HETBULB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES P CINHOZSBO
U-FLOATING POINT VALUE OF STARTING POINTER CINH02390
UNTEVP-TOTAL HATER EVAPORATED IN UNIT TIME. LBS. PER HOUR CINHOZADO
UXAREA-THE HEAT TRANSMISSION COEFICIENT FOR THE BLDG-. dTU PER HOUR CINH02410
DEGREE R CINHOZQZO
VELMAS-MASS AIR FLOW RATE. LBS/M IN CINH0243O
VEN 'TRT- THE VEI.TILATION RATE IN THE HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATION. CINHOZQQO
CFM OUTSIDE AIR CINHOZéSO
VRMIND-A VARIFICATION VALUE: MINIMUM VENTILATION RATE DURING DRYER CINHOZébO
VRGESS-AN INTERMEDIATE GUESS VALUE FOR THE VENTILATION RATE. CFM CINH02670
VRHAX-MAXIMUM VENTILATION RATE OF HOUSE. CFM CINH02480
VRMIN-MINIMUM VENTILATION RATE OF HOUSE. CFM CINH02490
PATLST-LENGTH OF NATERERS. FEET CINHOZSOO
HATSAR-SURFACE AREA OF EXPOSED HATER IN HOUSE. SQ FT CINHOZSIO
HATTSQ-ELECTRICAL POWER APPLIED TO BUILDING. RATTS PER SQ. FOOT CINHOZSZO
UATMOT-NIDTH 0F WATERING TRCUGHS. HATER SURFACE. FEET CINHOZ530
HBDHA- PET BULB TEVPERATURE. DEGREES R CINH02540
HBRD- AVERAGE BIRD HEIGHT. LBS. CINHOZSSO
RBTIHA-INSIDE HET BULB TEMPERATURE (CALCULATED). DEGREES R CINHOZSbO
NIDTH- BUILDING WIDTH. FEET CINH0257O
HTWRTR- SUN OF MANURE EXCRETED. LBS CINHOZSBO
CINH02590

CINHOZGOO

CINHDZbIO

F‘U V ‘ gt:fifittttt$**$#$*#*#*$*$tt$&#tclNHOZbZO
CCM.ION/BIRDS/HERD. BROS INH02630
CE‘4"ON/DLDS/ELTH. WIDTH, HEIT INH02640
CEFMJN/BUG/IBUG INH02650
CCNMDN/CARD/ETIME.H7HC.MX.PN.SDRYTM.EDRYTM INH02660
CCMMDN/C/EXCDMC.EXWTD.EXHTSM.EVPMRT.DT INHOZOTO
CCMMON/PRESS/PATM INH02680
COMMON/EVP/JRPSAP.HATSAR INH02690
CCMMJN/RATE/DRPNUM INH02700
CEMWON/DRY/DRYH.DRYH INH027IO
COHMOFI/HR/TDBOIAB).TDPOI48).TDBII48).TIMEIAB).MTIME.TDPI(48 I INHOZTZO
COMMON/th/FLOKIaBI. EVPTIABI. EVPSUHIQB). PCTPECHI46).PCTMCT(48JINH02730
COMMON/“THR/AVTDBO.RANGE.ATRP.MC.ID.IY.TDPF.VARDTA INH02740
COMMON/BI/EVAPDTI48).EVPDTT(48).EVPHZSIQB).GLTDTSI48).UPFIQB) INHOZTSO
CCNMJN/BZ/MDNI 48).MIDN( 48).I3N( 48).IYNI 48I.BTIMN( 48) INHOZTOO

188‘

CEMMJN/BB/BTIMENI 48).H7MCN( 48).PCI 48).TBIéB).TPI4d).EVPRMVI48) INHDZ770
CCMMDN/d4/MXNI48).MMXNI48).MNNI48).AMHN(43).BRIQB).ATI43).AVTDI48)INHOZTBO

 

CCMHDN/CRT/RCL.RHL.SPM,EXRATE INHDZT90
DIMENSION EVPPOTI48).EVPOTT(48).DHI4S) INHOZSOO
INTEGER RUNLGT INHOZBIO
REAL MX.MN INHOZBZO
DIMENSICN GADDEDI48) INH02830
DATA QADDED/48*O./ INH02840

CINH02850
‘***SET PARAMETERS AND INITIALIZE VARAEILES’“"’“‘*ttt CINHOZBOO

CINHOZSTO

IF LNW=O. NN SHOULD=I CINHOZBBO

 

94

READ 22.HN.MBUG.NNH
FORMATI3IZ)
00225 M=I.48
TOBOIM)=O.
TDPOIH)=D.
TDBIIM)=D.
TIHEIM)=D.
TDPIIH)=0.
FLONINI=O.
EVPTIMI=O.
EVPSUM(H)=0.
PCTHCHIM)=O.
PCTHCT(MI: .
EVAPDT(M)=O.
EVPDTTIHI= .
EVPH?S(M)= .
DLTGTS(M)= .
TB (MI=D.
TP (M)=O.
DPF (M)=3.
EVDRHVIHI= 0
3R (M)= .
AT (H): .
AVTD (M)= .
EVPPOTIMI= .
EVPOTTIM)=D.

2

N

(M)= .
MOO IM)=O
MIDN (M)=0
IDN (M!=O

IYN (N)=O
BTIMN (M)=O.
BTIMEN(MI=D.
HTMCN (M)=D.
PC IM)=3.
MHNN IM)=O
MNN (M)=0
MMXN (M)=O
MXN (MI=O
225 CONTINUE

INH02890
INH029OO
INHOZ910
INHOZQZO
INH02930
INH02940
INHOZ9SO
INHOZGSO
INH02970
INH029BO
qu0299o
INHOBOOO
INH03010
INHO3020
anoaoao
INH03040
INHD3050
INH03060
INHUBOTO
INH03080
INHOBOQO
INHOBIOO
INH03110
INH03120
INH03130
waoalao
INH03150
IKHOBlbO
INHOBITO
INH03180
INH03190
INHOBZDO
INHO3210
INH03220
INH03230
INH03240
INH03250
INHOBZbO
INH03270
INH0328O
CINH0329O

 

C **‘*****START LOOP FOR *NN* DAY RUNS**¥‘*‘
C

30 3 N=1.NN
READ 25.LTINE.TSET.nBRD
FORMATIIZ.2F6.ZD
EXCDAC=O.8
EXPATE=.272
CALL ABLOCK

AVTDBO = 58.4459.67
BRDTMP=IDT.I+459.67
BRDS = 4500.

BLTH = 92.25
DT=I.O
ELPHAP=I.
EVPHZSII)=O.
EVPDTT(1)=3.
EVPCTTII)=O.

HEIT = 8.25

N
U]

IADIC = 1
PATM=IA.6
QLTOTSII)=O.
SPN=.87
TDD=50.*459.67
TDP=40.+459.67

IFITSET.EQ.O..DR.TSET.GT.520.I TSET=56.+459.67

TIN=TSET
TI=TSET
TIDP=TSET-l.

CINHOBBOO
ClNH03310
INH03320
INH03330
INH03340
INH03350
INH03360
INH03370
INH03380
INH03390
INH034OO
INH03410
INH03420
INHO3430
INHO3440
INH03450
INH03460
INH03470
INH03480
INH0349O
INH03500
INH03510
INHOBSZO
INH03530
INH03540
INH03550
INHDESGO
INH03570
INH03560
INH03590
INH036OO

 

(1 (100 0(3(\

f‘

95

 

 

VPHAX=(54.4335'O.2599*1270.)t49.5+229.467+1.059‘1270. INHO3blO
VR"IN=(59.4838+O.2569t 180.)*Q9.5*2?9.467+1.059* 180. INHO3620

C -IH CALIBRATIHG IHE 4 FANS IT WAS FOUND 3 FANS PRODUCED APPROXIflATLY CINH03630
C THE SAME FLUH AS 4. THIS IS ATTRIBUTED TU TURBULANCE. LINH0364O
ONCFAN=(VRHAX-VRMIN)/3. INH03650
VRWIND=VRNIH+OKEFAN INH03660
HATLGT=24.$7?. INHO367O
WIDTH = 38. INHOBbBO
MATHDT=4./I2. 1NH0369O
CALL HETHERINflprHINF) INHO37OO
TSLA3=AVT9809459.67+5. INHO3710
IFIID.EQ.7.AAJ.IY.EQ.75) VRHIN=66I3.67 INH03720
IFIID.EC.6.AND.IY.EQ.75) VKH1N=b706.75 INHO3730
BTIHE=O. INH03760
DF=II./2h.)‘DT INHO3750
QMCCH =2*l9*25*3.413 INHU3760
R=LTIMEIDT INH03770
RUNLGT=R INHO3780
U=BTIME/DT¢O.5 INHO379O
K=U INH03600
IF(U.LT.1.) K=1 INHOBSIO
1IME‘1)=BTIHE+DT INHOBBZO
HATTSU=IQMECHI(BLTH‘HIOTH))/3.413 INH03830
MID=ID INH03840
BTIM=3TIME INHOBBSO
HONIND=MO 1HH03860
WICNIHI=MID INHO3870
[DH(N)=ID INH03830
IYH(N)=IY INH03890
BTIHNINI=BTIM INH039OO
BTIMENIH)=-I. INH03910
H7HCN(1)=H7MC IHH03920
MXHIN)=HX INH03930
MMXN(N)=MX INH03940
MNN(J)=MN INH039SO
HMNH(NI=MN INH03960
BRINI=BRDS INH03970
AT(N)=AIMP INH0393O
AVTU(A)=AVTDBC INH03990
DPFIN)=TDPF INH04000
EXWTS"=O. INHO4010
EVPTTL=O. INHOQOZO
EVPH2T=0. INH04030
EVPMRT=O. INHOkOéO
EVAPSW=0. INHO4OSO
THIN=CRITMP(TSET,TDPF +459.67.VRJINyHATTSO'O.0) IHHO4060
TGES=TSET IHH0407O
CINHOQOSO

****##**Eh0 CF INITIAL VALUES **“******** CINHO4C90
CINHOAIOO

CALL FDSTRI(BLIH.HIDTH.%EII.RWL.RCL.QNtChyhATLGT,»AIVDT.RBRD.BRDS.INHOQIIO
&SQDTM°-459.67.EXCJMC.DF.SDH,EXPAIC1 TfilN-459.67: INHOQIZO
XDT.BTIME'R.INDIC.ELPHAR.TSET-459.67.VRMAX,VkWIN,TSLAB-4S9.67) IHHOQIBO
CINH04140

*#*’****BEGINIMG CF LOU? FOR A SPECIFIC 0AY#******¢********#‘****‘***CINH04150
CINHOQIéO

DD 4 J=IyPUHLGT INHO4I70
TCB=TDBU(J-1+K)+459.67 INHOQIBO
TDP=T3?C(J-I+K)+459.67 INHO#190
TB(J)=TDB-459.67 INHOQZOO
TPIJ)=TDP-459.b7 [NHOQZIO
IBJG IEUG IBUG IBUG IBUG ICUG IBUG IUUG [BUG IBUG IBUG IBUCINH04220
IF(IBUG.E0.0) GO TO 999 INH04230
PRINT 9901K.TflfigTDP'TIMFIHTIHE).MTIME INHO4Z4O

993 FURNAT(IX.5(10H3AYIHHS )/10X.'K'.14X.'TDB" Ihxg'IDP',14Xp‘TIFE'INHO4ZSO
A,14X. 'MTINHO426O
IIWE'ISX'13110Xy3EI4.4v13) INH04270
999 CONTINUE INH04280
IBUG IEUG IBUG IBUG IBUG [BUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUCINHO429O
IFIHdUG.EQ.3J 60 T0 900 IHH04300
CINH04310

no

******‘*P?INI UUTPUT VALUES A3 CALCULATED***‘** CINH04320

 

 

C
C
C

(100

(1000

C
C
C

96

 

 

CINHO4330

I=J-I INH04340

DO 9 L=1.3 INH04350

g pRINT 888' I’llx0111911111'lllllylllvlvx'lvlflllvl [NHO‘9360
IF(I.EQ.O) I=1 INH04370
PRINT 2. TOIT), TPII).FLCN(I),TDBI(I).TDPI(I).EVPTII).EVPSUM([) [HHO4330
I.PCTNCHII).PLTMCT(I).TIMEII) NHD4390
PRINT 4122.TIwEII).EVAP0TII).EVPPOTII).EVPHZSIII.OLTCTSII).EVPSUMIINHO4400
aI).EVPOTT(I),EVPOTT(I).CADDED(I) NHOAAIO
888 TOPMAT IIx.2OIISI.30IIHO)) 1NH34920
900 CONTINUE INH04430
CINH04449

*¥¢*****DETERHINE THE AMOUNT UF EXCRETA AND THE DRYING SURFACE AFEA#*CIHH044SO
CINH044SO

CALL EXCPAT (BRDS.DF.EXMTSH.EXMTD) INH04470
EXSMHS=EXkTSM-EVPMRT INH04480
CALL DRYSRF IExSPHS,NATLGT.NATNGT.OEPSAR,LATSAR,ORYSUF) INH04490
CINHOASJO

*¢*****=DETERMILE IF LIGHTS ARE EN OR OFF AND SET INDEX, ELPHR. CINHO4510
CINH09520

IFITIHE(J).LT.7..OR.TIME(J).GE.ZI.I GO TO 310 INH06530
ELPHAR=1. INHo4540

GO TO 311 INH04550

310 CONTINUE INH04560
ELPNAR=O. INH04570

311 CONTINUE INHOASao
CINHD4590

*******CHECK T3 SEE IF ALL FANS RUNNING‘ * CINH046OO
CINHo4GIo

IFIT33.GE.TSETIGO TO 10 INH04620
CINH04630

*#*****CHECK TO SEE IF OUTSIDE CCLOER THAN POSSIBLE TC MAINTAIN TSET CINH04640
CINH04650

IFITDB.LT.TWIN)GO TO 20 INH04660
CINH04670

*ttttttt SET UP VENTILATION RATE ANO :t vCINH04630
***t¢*** SET UP DRYING TEMPERATURE FOR THIS CONDITION vt**¢:t****ttttCINH34S9o
CINHO4700

VRGESS=O.5*(VRVAX +VRMIN) [HH047IO
CALL VENRAT (NATTSO,E LP\.AR.TDB. TSET .TOP,TIOP. AVToau. INH04720
ITSLAS VPGESS, INOIC 1,0C3NST,VE:ITFT VRMAX H0h730
IFITIMEIJ).GT. SORYTM.ANO.TIMEIJ). LT. EORYTM. AND. VENTRT. LT. VRMIND) VINHO4740
IENTPT=VRHINO H04750
IF(VENTRT.E2.VRHIND) GO TO 30 INH04TSO
IFIVZHTRT.GT.VRMAX) GO TC 10 INHOA770
IFIVENTRT.LT.VPHIN) GO TO 20 INH34780
T1=TSET INH04T90

GO TO 11 INH04300
CINH04810

********GUESS DRYING TEMP WITH HIGH UJTSIJE TEMP *#*#$************$*CINH04320
CINHO4530

Io VENTRT= VRMA INH04840
TGES=.5;ITDd+TSET) INHOQSSO

GO TO INHO4860
CINHO4870

txttttttcusss ORYING TEMP. HITH LOP OUTSIDE TEMP.*********¢*********=CINHO4880
CINHO4890

20 VENTRT=VRMIN INH04900
IFITIMEIJ).GT.SDHYT“.AND.TIME(J).LT.EOHYTM) VENTRT=VRMIND INH04910
TGES=ITMIN+TSET)*.S INH04920

GO TO 30 INH04930

3o CONTINUE INHO4940
CINH04950

#¢*t**t#fiETERMINE INSIDE TE'PERATURE BY HEAT GALANCE#*v**tt***:*:ttsscI~H049Go
CINHO497O

CALL TEMPIN (ISES.VENTRT.NATTSQoELPWAR,ISLAB.INDIC.TSB.TDP.TEMPI, INH04980
aTIOP) INH04990
TI=TEMPI INHosooo
IF(VENTRI.LE.VRMIN.AN3.TI.GI.TSEI) TI=TSET INH05010

II CONTINUE INHosozo
HA=HACPITOPI INH05030
CALL BRDHT(TI.ELPHAR.QS.QLTOT) INH0504O

 

97

CALL THBINITI .VENTPIyTnBIyQLTOT.HA.TJB) INHO5OSO

CALL EVPHTR (UNTEVP'VENTRI.II.THBI,EVPH26,EVPHUR.I) IHHOSOéO

400 CUNTIAUE INHOSOTO
HAI=HAINIQLTOT'TI.VENTPT,UHTEVP.HA) INHOSOBO

C AS AN ASIDE CALCULATE HEAT ADDED IO POULTRY HOUSE CINHUSOBI
CALL EVPHTRIUKTEVP.VENIRT,TI,HBDBHAITIyHAI)yEVPHZCyEVPMUR'l) INHOSO9O

CALL ELHEATIHATTSQ-ELPHARIELHTI INHOSIOO

CALL CEILHTITI'TDBvQCTOT) INHOSIIO

CALL HALLHTITI'TDBpQHTDT) INHOSIZO

CALL FLORHTITI.TSLADpINDICgfiFTDT) INH05130
QAD=OS OQLTOT+ELHT+OCTOT+QVTOTOOFTOT INHO5I40
IFIJ.EQ.1) GO TO 503 INHOSIBO
QADDEDIJI=QADDED(J-1I+QAD*DT INHOSIbO

GO TO 504 INHOSITO

503 CONTINUE INH05180
QADDEDIJI=QAD INH05190

504 CONTINUE INHOSZOO
495 CONTINUE INHOSZIO

C INHOSZZO
C #’******PUT CALCULATED VALUES INTO PRINTOUT ARRAYS‘*****************‘CINH05230
C CINHOSZQO
TDPlIJI=DPHAIFAII -459.b7 INHOSZSO
HADDI=HADPITDPIIJ)+459.67I INH05260

C HADPI IS THEORETICALLY EQUAL TC HAI BUT IS USED IN LIEU OF HAI TC CIHH05261
C MIUIMIZE RCUNDING ERRORS IN THE PSYCHFDVETRIC PACKAGE CREATED WHEN CINH05262
C CDIPARING VERIFICATION DATA. THE VEPIFICATICN DATA FCUND THE CINHOSZéB
C HUMIDITY RATIO COMPARABLE TO HAI DIRECTLY FROM A DENPOINT TEMPERA- CINH05264
C TUPE CCfiPARABLE TC TDPI. CINH05265
HADPO=HADP(TDPOIJ-1+K)+459.67I INH05270
DHIJ)=hADPI-HADPD INH05280
WRITEI9vIZ3IIYIMOyIDvTIMEIJIIHADPIgHADPO INH0529O

123 FJR“AI(313o3XyF5.2yIOX'2F10.6) INHOSBOO
TIDP=TDPIIJI+§59.67 INH05310
FLCKIJI=VENTRT INH05320
TDBIIJ)=TI-459.67 INHOS330
RSPHTR=DLTJTlHLCBIERDTNP) INHO534O
EVAPOTIJI=DHIJI*VENTRT*DT*OO./VSDBHA(TI:HAII INH95350
JJ=J-l INH05360
IFIJ.EO.I)JJ=I INHOSBTO
EVPJTTIJI=EVPDTTIJJI+EVAPDTIJI INH05380
EVPWRT=EVPMRT+EVPHUR*OT INH0539O
EVPH2T=EVPH2T+EVPHZC*DT INH054OO
EVPTTL=EVPMRTTEVPH2T INH05410
QLTUTSIJI=3LTOTSIJJI+RSPHTR*DT INHOS420
EVPHZSIJ)=EVPH2$(JJ)+EVPH20*DT INH0543O
EVPTIJJ=EV°MUQ INH0544O
EVAPSM=EVA°SM+CVPTTL IVH0545O
EVPSUMIJI=EVPWRT INH05460
VELHAS=VENTRTIVSUBHAITI'HAI) INH05470
EVPPOTIJI=IFAI-HAI‘VELMAS*60.*DT INHOSQBO
EVPOTT(J)=EVPOTIIJJ)+EVPPOTIJI INHOS490
°CTHCH(J)=AMC(EVPMUR'EXCDMCyEXNTD )*IOO. INHOSSOO
PCTMCTIJI=AHC(EVPMRT'EXCDJC,EXNTSHI*IOD. INHOSSIO

C IBUG IBUG IPJG IDUG [BUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUCINHOSSZO
IFIIBUS.E0.0) GO TO 9999 INH05530
DRYRTM=DRYM INH05540
DRYFTN=ORYH INHOSSSO

PRINT 990'K.TDB.TDP,TIHEIMTIMC),MTIME INHOSSbO

PRINT 9001 INHOSSTO

9001 FORMATI9X'DFPSAR',T25y'DPYRIH'.T39,'DRYSUF'1T53.'HAI ',Tb7.'EVPH2INHOSSBO
A0'.I4X'EVPH2I'.T95y'EVPMUR',T109.'EVPMRI"TIZ3"EVPTTL'o/IOX'TEMPIINHO559O
5"T26,'TGES'. T43.‘TI‘.T54,'TIN',TéSy'VENTRT',TBZ,'VRGESS"I9o.'HIHH056OO

ZATSAR'.TIIUv'OCONSI'.T123q'THBI') INH05610
PRINT 9000.DRPSAR.DRYRTM, DRYSUF. HAI: EVPH?O,EVPH2TyEVPMU INHOSGZO

IR .EVPMFT,EVPITL.TEMPIyTCESyIIyTIHyVEHIRIvVRGESS:WATSAR,QCUNSI INH05630

; ' IHH05640
9000 FORMAT (2X,9E14.3v/v2X,9E14.3) INHOSGSO
PRINT 9002'DRVRTH IHH35660

9002 FORMATIqu'DRYRIM='.EI4.3) INH05670
IFIIBUG.EQ.5I IBUG=0 INH05680

9999 CONTIAUE INH05690

C ISUG IBUG IBJG IBUC [BUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG

IBUCINHOBTOO

 

98

HTIMEzMIIME+1 IHHO5710

6 CONTINUE INHOSTZO
TIHEIJ+1I=TIMEIJI¢DT INH05730

C CINH0574O
C #*$¢****GENERATE hEATHER FOR A NEH DAY IF LOOP PASSES MIDNIGHT. *‘tCINHOSISO
C CIKHOSTCO
IFITIHEIJOIIoLEoz4.I GO TO 4 INHOSTTO
TIMEIJ+1I=TIMEIJ+1I—24. HTHOSTOO

K=l-J INH05790

CALL RETHERINngTMINFI INHDSBOO
IDNINI=ID INHOSSIO
BTIMENINI=BTINE INHOSBZO
H7MCNINI=H7MC INH05830
HNNINI=MN INH05840
MXNINI=MX IHHO5850
BRINI=BRDS INH35660
ATINI=ATMP INH05870
AVTDINI=AVTDBC INHOSRBO
DPFINI=TDPF INH05390
TWIN=CRITNPITSETpTDPF +459. 677VRMIN'kATTSC .0. O) INH05930

4 CONTINUE INHOS9IO

5 CONTINUE INH05920

C CINH05930
C *t##$***PRINT OUTPUT TABLE AND HRITE DATA FOR PLOT******#‘*#*=*******CIVH05940
C CINHO5950

13 FORMAT IIHII IHH05960
CALL HEDING INH05970

DO 1 I=IyRUNLGT INHOSGBO
PRINT 2' TBIII. TPIIIpFLOHIII,TDBIIIIgTDPIIII'EVPTIII'EVPSUH(II INHOS990
lvPCTMCHIII'PCTMCTIIIoTIHEIII INHOéOOO

2 FORMAT I1X.E9.3.4EI4.3,T67,4E14.5.5X'F5.2I INHOéOIO
HRITEIIO HIZIIIY MO. ID TIMEIII:EVPDTT(II.EVPSUM (I) INHObOZO

121 FORE’ATIBIJ, 3X1F5.20F3.2125X'Fb.2I INHObOBO
HRITEIB 212IIYvMOyIDy TIVEIII:TBIII.TP(II.TD3IIII. TDPIIIIyDHIII' FLOINH06040
BHIII II'HOOOSO
212 FORMAT(3I3.F5.2,IOX,4F6.I.F10.6.F9.0I IHHObOéO
1 CONTINUE INHObOTO
PRINT 14.AVTDBL.RANGE.AIMP.MC,ID.IY.TDPF.BPDS INHObOdO

l4 FORMATI/IIXI'A MINUS SIGN IN COLUMN 8 INDICATES THERE hAS MORE DRYINH0609O
ZINC DURING THAT TIME INCREMENT THAN HAAURE MOISTURE PRODUCED '/ INHObIOO
l' DURING THAT TIME PERIOD.‘ IHHObIIO
S l/IX.'iEATHER DATA FOR THE DAY: AVERAGE TEMPERATURE'.F6.1. INHOblZO
IIXv'OES REES F. TEMPERATURE RAHGE'.F6.I'1X,‘3EGREES F. ATMOSPHERIC INH06130
2PRESSURE'.F6.I.IXyIX,'PSI'IIX.I2,'/'.12g'/',IZ,IBX,'DEhPOINT TENPEINH0614O

3RATURE'TF6.I"CEGREES'1' F'oSXy‘NUHEER OF EIRDS:"F6.0I INHObISO

C IBUG [BUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IdUG IBUG IUUG IdUG IBUCINHUbIbO
IFIMBUG.EQ.OI GO TO 5000 INHOOI70
PRINT 13 INH06180
MM=(48/2I/DT INH0619D
PRINT 4110 INH06200

4110 FORMAT(1X1'PARIITIONING OF EVAPORATED HCISTURE AND A COMPARISON OFINHObZIO
E POTENTIAL EVAPORATION OF VENTILATIHG AIR.'//I INH06220
PRINT 4120 INH06230

4120 FOPHAIITSBy'E V A P O R A T I O N T O T A L'vT7p'EVAPURATICN'1 INH0624O
$T36.16(1H*IyTBd,I4I1H#),TIO4p'HEAT ACOED', INHObZSO

2T22y'POTEHTIAL'./T9y'DURING"T21y'EVAPCRATION"T35y'FRUH',T52.'FROINH00260
#M'.T66,'FROV’,TBOy'FROH'.TSI,‘VENTILATION'/T11v'DT'TTZZI'DURING DTINHOéZTO
Z'yTBé.'WATERERS',T49,‘RESPEPATIOH'.T65,'MANURE‘ ,T77.'ALL SOURCES'INHDOZBO

*yT92.'PUTENTIAL'VTZT'TIME'.TIDS.‘ TC AIR'I INH00290

DO 3125 N=IyMM INH06300
PRINT 4122yTIMEIHIvEVAPDTIH)yEVPPCT(NIyEVPHZSIHI.ULTOTSIHIyEVPSUHIINH06310
EMI:EVPDTTIWI,EVPCTT(MI.DADDEDIW) INHObBZO
4122 FDRMATIIXyF4.I,E12.5'E13.5.IA'6E14.5I IhH06330
3125 CONTINUE INH06340
PRINT 4130’VARDTA INH06350

4130 FORMAT I/TSSp'HOUSE 7 EVAPORATICH',T701512.5I INHObJOO
PRINT l4.AVTDBCvaNGEyATMPIMCIIDyIY,TDPF'DRDS INHOCBTO

C IBUG IBUG IDUG IBUG IBUG IbUG IDUG IDUG IBUG IBUG IBUG IBUCIWHDbBSO
5000 CONTINUE INH06390
EVPPMV(HI=EVPSUV(RUHLGTI INHOb4OO
PfINI=PCTMCTIRUhLGTI INHOb4IO

3 CONTINUE INH064ZO

 

99

 

 

 

CALL HEAD INH00430

DO 2120 M=IyNn INHOOkQO

PRINT 2121.NOh(n),MIDNIM).IDMIM).IYN(MI.bTIHN(M).BTIMENIH).H7MCHIMINH00450
II'PCIFIyEVPRHVIM) INH06460

2121 FORMATIIX.12.'/',12,'-'.12.'/'.I2.2Fc.0.107.Fb.2,T77,F0.2. [NH00470
OT95.F6.2) INHOthO
PRINT 2119.NMXA(H).MXN(H),MHNN(N).HhAIHI,Bk(M),AT(HI.AVTD(MI. INH06490
aDPFIM) INHOOSOO

2119 FORMATIIH+.T41,I?.'-'.12,T48.12,'-'.IZ.T27.E6.0.T34.F6.2,T54.F4.0.INHOOSIO
8T59,F4.0I INHOCSZO
VRITEIII'ZIBZIIYHIMI:MCH(MI.NIDHIMI,IDHIH),EVPRWV(WI,PCIFI. INHUCSBO
aAVTDIN),DPF(MI INH06540

2132 FCRMATI412.4E12.5) INHOOSSO
2120 CONTINUE INH06560
EHO FILE 7 INH00570

END FILE 3 INHOéSBO

END FILE 9 INH06590

END FILE IO IHHOébOO

END FILE II INHOébIO

STOP 9999 IHHObéZO

END INHObéBO
SUBRCUTINE ABLCCK INH06640

C $t$¥tu$ U¥l§¥§l v “”“‘ CINHObbSO
C CINH06660
C CINH06570
C THIS SUuRCUTINE SETS ARRAY VALUES EQUAL TC ZERO OR A TAG VALUE CINHObde
C CINH06690
C CINH06700
C ‘¥‘ ‘=* CINH067IO
C CINH06720
C CINH06730
C CINH06740
C D E F I N I T I 0 N 0 F T E R M S CINH067SO
C CIHH00760
C SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCAYNS N01 CINH06770
C LISTED HERE CINH06780
C CINH06790
C CINHObBOO
C CINHObSIo
C ‘Pv vv CINH06820
CCMMON/HR/TDBU(48),TDPOI48).TDSI(48IyIIHEI4BIyHTIME.IDPI(48I INHObBJO
CCMNCN/WQl/FLOMI48I. EVPT(48I, EVPSUHIQSI. PCTHCHI4€)yPCTMCTIéBIINH06840
CUNMON/BI/EVAPDTI48).EVPDTTl45).EVPHZSI46).GLTCTSI48)'OPFI45) INHOOBSO
CCMMOh/BZIWDNI QBIvHIDNI 48).IDHI 48).]YNI QBIvBTIHNI 48) INHObBbO
CPHMCN/BB/JTIHENI 48IgH7WCNI 48I1PCI 48).TB(48).TP(48).EVPRHVIQH) IHH06870
COHMON/B4/Uxht46)'WHXNI43IyMNN(481vMMhHI481.5R(481,AI(48I,AVTDIGSIINHObBBO

DO 24 M=1.48 INH06890
TDBCIM)=O. INH06900
TOPO(M)=0. INH06910
TDBIIM)=0. INH06920
TIMEIN)=O. IHH06930
TOPIIMI=O. IHH00940
FLUKINI=0. INH06950
FVPI(M)=0. INH06960
EVPSUMIMI=O. INH06970
DCTMCHIHI=O. INH06980
PCTMCTIM)=0. INHOéOOO
EVAPDTIMI=O. INHO7000
EVPDTTIMI=O. INH07010
EVPH2$IMI=O. INHO7020
OLTCTSIMI=0. INH07030

TB (MI=O. INH07040

TP (M)=O. INH07050

24 CCNTIKUE INHO7060
NTIHE=1 INH07070
RETURN INHO7OSO

END INH0709O

 

“(1(‘FIO(1C\0(firfififfi(fifi(‘f‘htfif‘fi¢1f§fitfi(‘fintfirfih

Of‘F\D(WFHO(DF\n<D

TOO

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FULCTIUh AMCIH20RMV.DRIGMC.DRISHTI INHO7IOO
fit: tit¢*t#$$=¥$#$C1HHO7110
CINHOTIZO

CINHO7130

THIS SUBRUUTINE CALCULATES THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF A MATERIAL ON A CINHOTI4O
NET BASIS HHEM GIVEN ORIGINAL MOISTURE COMTENT AND HATER REMOVED. CIuHDTIso
IF HATER IS ADDED, H26 REMOVED SHOULD DE NEGATIVE. CINHOTIOO
CIHHO7170

CINHJTISO

S * CINHO7I9O

CINH07200

CINHO7210

D E F I n I T I O N O F T E R M S CINH07220

CINHO7230

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT CINH07240

LISTED HERE CINHoTzso

CINHO7260

fi***t* Y.i:: * ¢*¢#CINH07270
CINHoTzao

AMC-MOISTURE CONTENT OF MATERIAL. NET BASIS. DECIMAL FRACTION CINH3729O
DRYhT-DRY HEIGHT, CNE UNIT CINHO7330
HZORMV-HATER REIGHT REMOVED FROM MATERIAL, UNIT As INPUT CINHO7310
[BUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM CINHOTBZO
DRIGMC-ORIGINAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF MATERIAL CINH07330
ORIGwT-CRIGINAL HEIGHT Or MATERIAL.LBS CINHO734O
NATURE-HEIGHT UF HATER REMOVED BY DRYING, UNITS AS INPUT CINHOTBSO
kATRHT—wEIGHT OF WATER ORIGINALLY IN MATERIAL, UNITS AS INPUT CINHO7360
WTCOMB-WET HEIGHT OF MATERIAL AFTER DRYING, UNITS As INPUT CINH07310
' CILH073ao

CINH07390

i“v¥ ‘ CINHO74OO
CCMMJN/EUG/MBUG INHO74IO
DRYwT:II.-DRIGPCI:ORIGVT INHO7420
wATRwT=DRIGMCtDRIGwT INH07430
NATDPC=kATQHT—H20RFV INH07440
ATCOMB=WATDRD+DPYHT INHO7450
AMC=HATDRDIKTCCMB INHO7460
IFIDPYHT.GT.D..AND.HATDPD.GT..D.AND.AMC.GT.D.I GO TO 2 INH07470
PRINT 3.0RYHT.KATDRD.AHC INHO7460

3 FCPMAT I/IX.IBOIIHHI/IX'NEGATIVE VALUE FOR DRY HEIGHT» FINAL IRH07490
IhATER REIGHT OR RESULTING MOISTURE CONTENT. THESE VALUES ARE INHO7500
ZRESPECTIVELY '/IX3521.8/1X'IF HATER IS ADDED H20PEMV SHOULD BE HEGthO7SIO
3AT1VE'I INHO7520
IFIMBUG.EQ.O) MBUG=2 INHQ7530
PRINT 5 INH07540

2 CONTINUE INH075SO
IFIMDUG.EO.DI GO TD 38 INHO7500
PRINT 5 IHHDTSTD

5 FORMATI/IX.IDIIHVI.-AMC',IoIIHwII INHO7530
PRINT 55 INHO7590

55 FORMATIIH0,13(IDHAMC I) INH07600
PRINT 1.3RYKT.hATRwT.HATDRD,MTCUMO.AMC.H20RMV.ORIGJT.ORIGMC INH07DIO

I FORMAT (BX.'DRYHT',QX,'HATRRT'.8X,'hATDFD'.7X,'KTCOMB'.8X,'AMC'. INH07620
211x,'quRMv'.sx.'uRIGHT'.sx.'DRIGMC'./1xaEIA.3I INH07630

38 CONTINUE INH07640
IFIHaUG.EO.2) Meuc=o INHD7650
RETURN 1NH07660

END INHO7670
SUBRCUTINE BRDHT IT.DALYT.DS.OLI lNH07630

:xv V I t*:¢****** .INH0769D
CINHOTToo

CINHO77IO

THIS SUBROUTINE DETERMIHES THE SENSIDLE AHD LATENT CINHO7720
HEAT OUTPUT FROM CHICKENS FOR VARIOUS TEMPERATURES CINH07730
AND DAY OP NIGHT ACTIVITY BY TADLE LUCK-UP. CIhHO7740
CINHO7750

CINHDTTGD

xvixs$$tt ‘ ##*t##*###***1 ********fi*CINHO777O
CINHD77dO

CINH07 I90

 

 

101

 

 

 

C D E F I N I T I 0 N 0 F T E R M S CINHDTSOO
C CINHOTSIO
C SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT CINHOTBZO
C LISTED HERE CINH07830
C CINH07840
C ‘ *“*‘**** CINHOTBSO
C CINHOIBOO
C ARGL-AN ARRAY CF TEMPERATURES CORRESPONDING TC THE ARRAYS tVLDAYt CINHOTSTO
C AND VLNITE‘. DEGREES F CINHOTBSD
C ARCS-AN ARRAY CF TEMPERATURES CORRESPONDING TO THE ARRAYS #VSDAY* ANDCINHOTO9O
C ‘VSNITEV. DEGREES F CIHH07900
C BROS—NO. 0F BIRDS IN BUILDING CINfl079IO
C DALYT-AH INDEX FOR [AY=I. FOR NITE=O CINH07920
C IBUG‘AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR OEBUDGING THE PROGRAM CINH07930
C OL-LATENT HEAT PRODUCTION OF BIRDS. BTU PER HOUR CIhH07940
C QS-SENSIBLE HEAT PRODUCTION OF BIRDS. STU PER HOUR CINH079SO
C T—INSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R AND F CINH07960
C TAdLI-A TABLE LOUKUP FUNCTION SUDRGUTINE CINH07970
54321 CONTINUE INHOTQBO
C VLDAY-AN ARRAY OF DAYTIME LATENT HEAT PRODUCTION VALUES. BTU PER CINHOTQQO
C HOUR-BIRD CINHOBJJO
C VLVITE-AN ARRAY CF NITETIME LATENT FEAT PRCDUCTIOA VALUES. BTU PER CINHOSOIO
C HOUR—BIRD CINHOBOZO
C VSDAY-AN ARRAY CF EAY TIME SEHSISLE HEAT PRUOUCTIOL VALUES. BTU PER CINHOEOSO
C HOUR-BIRD CINH08040
C VSNITE-AN ARRAY OF NITE TIME SENSIBLE HEAT PRUJUCTION VALUES. BTU CINHOBOSO
C PER HOUR-BIRD CINH08060
C HERD-AVERAGE BIRD HEIGHT. LBS. CINH08070
C HT-AVERASE BIRD HEIGHT. LBS CINHOBJBO
C CINH0809O
C CINHOSIOO
C CINHOSIIO
DIMENSION ARGSIT)vARGLIB).VSDAYIT).VSNITE(7I. INHOBIZO

1 VLDAYIQ).VLNITEI8) INH08130
EQUIVALENCE (hTowBRD) NH08140
CCHMON/BUG/IBUG IHHOBISO
COWWON/BIRDS/FERD.BRDS INH08160

DATA APGS /26..34..47..56..bh..84..94./ INHOBITO

DATA ARGL /26..34..47..56..64..74.y84..94./ INHO8150

DATA VSDAY III.l.8.3.7.3.6.6.b.5.6.3..2/ INH0819O

DATA VSNITE /6.9.b.8.b.I.5.3.S.Iv3.6..6/ INHOBZOO

DATA VLDAY /1.7.2.l.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.4.4.2.5.3/ INHOBZIO

DATA VLNITE II.6.2.0.I.9.2.6.2.2.2.0.3.5.4.7/ INHOBZZO
T=T-459.67 INH08230

IF (OALYT .E0. 0.) GO TO 2 INH08240

C DAYTIME HEAT PROOUCTICA CALCULATIONS CINHOBZSO
l QS=MT*BRDS*TABLIIVSDAY.ARGS.T.7) INHOSZOO
QL=HT*SRDS‘TA5LIIVLDAY.ARGL.T.8) INHOBZTO
T=T+459.67 INH08230

33 CONTINUE INH08290
IFIIBUG.E0.0I GO TO 9999 INHOBBDO

PRINT 6 INH08310

6 FORMATI/IX.ID(IHV).‘BRDHT'.IO(IHWI) INH08320

3 PRINT 9330 'INH0833O
9083 FORMAT IIX.'BROHT'./9X.'T'.T25.'DALYT'.T39.'QS'.T53.'CL') INHOS340
PRINT 9081.T.DALYT.QS.QL INH08350

9081 FORMATI2X4E14.3) INH08360
9999 CONTINUE INHOB370
RETURN INHOBBSO

C NIGHT TIPE hEAT PRODUCTION CALCULATIONS CINH0839O
2 QS=VT*BRDS*TABLIIVSNITE.ARGS.T.TI INHOE4OO
GL=NT*DROS#TABLI(VLNITE.ARGL.T.BI INH084IO
T=T+459.67 INHOBéZO

GO TO 33 INH06430

‘ INHOB440
SUBRCUTINE CEILHTITIN.TCB.Q) INH08450

C titttttttfitttttifit*3fittttt$¢tt$¢i¢$$¢$$$t$$ ** ”INHoelgbo
C CINHOE470
C CINH08480
C THIS SUERCUTINE DETERMINES THE BUILDING HEAT LOSS CINH0849O

 

(50(DCTO(WC1fitTFWOt“(‘Otfif3fi(fir\fi(5(fifitfi(fifi

anCfin(“F\0(WC\F‘0(WFSO(‘Cfifitfif‘h(fi¢

102

 

 

 

 

THROUGH THE CEILING CINHOSSOO
CINH08510

CINH08520

nfitat tktttfit «fitnggjtt fikfififi bINH0853O
CINH0854O

CINH0855O

D E F I N I T I O N O F T E R M S CINH08560

CINHOBSTD

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYNS NOT CINHOBSBO

LISTED HERE CINH0859O

CINHOdbDO

*‘*** **¢*‘¢ v vwv vw CINH086IO

CINH08620

ACL--DEFINED IN CRITMP CINH08630
BLTH-OUILDING LENGTH. FEET CINH0864O
HEIT‘BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINHOBOSO
IBUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEEUGGING THE PRCGRAM CINHOSGGO
Q--HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CEILING.BTU PER HOUR CINH03670
RCL--DEFINED IN CRITMP CINHOBbBO
T)B--DEFINED IN MAIN CINH06690
TIN--DEFINED IN MAIN CINHOBTOO
HIDTH-BUILDING WIDTH. FEET CINHOBTIO
CINHOBTZO

CINH08730

CINH08740

***“** v v v ““““ CINHOBTSO
COHMON/BUG/IBUG INH08760
CCMHJA/BLDG/BLTH.HIDTH.HEIT INHOSTTO
ACL=3LTH*hIDTH INH08780
RCL=23.68 INH08790
Q=(TDB-TIN)*ACL/RCL INH08800
IFITIN.LT.519.67) C=O. INHOBBIO

*** DURING WINTER CEILING HEAT LCSS GOES TO ATTIC 8 IS RETURNED IN THCINHOBSZO
VENTILATING AIR OF HSU HOUSE #7. INSURMERITIN>SI9.67) AIR COMES CINH08830

DIRECTLY FRCP THE OUTSIDE.
IFIIDUG.E0.0) GO TO 9999

PRINT 7
FORMATI/IX,ID(IHH).‘CEILHT'.10I1HHII
PRINT 9390

q

CINH0884O
IhH08850
INHOSSbO
INHDBBTO
INHOBRBO

9090 FORMATIIX.'CEILHT'I9X.'TIN'.T25.'TDB'.T39.'Q'.T53.'ACL'.T67.'RCL'1INHOBE90

IT81.'BLTH'.T95.'RIDTH')

PRINT 9091.TIN.TDB.O.ACL:RCL.BLTH.NIOTH
9091 FORVAT (ZX.8E14.3)
9999 CONTINUE

RETURN

END

FUNCTION CPAITDSI

IHH08900
INH089IO
INH08920
INH08930
INH08940
INH08950

INH08950
INH08970

 

CINH089UO
CINH08990

 

 

 

CINH09000

THIS SUBROUTINE FINDS THE APPROPRIATE VALUE FOR THE THERMAL CAPACITY CINHO9OIO
OF AIR CINHO9DZO
CINHO9030

CINH0904O

*** ‘ ‘ ****‘ ‘ CINHO9050
CINH09060

CINHD9070

D E F I N I T I O N O F T E R M S CINHO9080

CIHH09090

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYHS NOT CINH09IOO

LISTED HERE CINHO9110

CINH09120

#1$**** fiattt$fittttt .INH0913O
CPA-THERMAL CAPACITY OF AIR. BTU/LB-F ---- OR DEGEES R CINHO9I40
HTCPA-ARRAY VALUES OF THERMAL CAPACITIES. BTU/LB-F CINHO915O
TARLI-A TABLE LCOKUP FUNCTION SUbROUTINE CINHO9160
TDD-INPUT DRY BULB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHOGITO
TEWP-ARCAY VALUES CF TENPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHO9ISO

TF-TFNPERATURE. DEGREES F

CINH0919O

 

 

O

F1F‘fi 0(Wrwn htfif‘rTCTO 0(1FWFIO n<1rsr1n “(firfifi

103

 

 

 

 

CINHO9200

CINHO9ZIO
**¥it**$t¥#*$¢#t‘ttttfittttttttttfitfitttttittQtttttit¥t**#$$$*##t*tttttc[NHOQZZO
CCHHJN/BUG/IBUG INHO9250
DIWENSION TFIIS) INHO9240
DATA FOR ROUTINE CPA TAKEN FREM KENTS ME H8 12TH ED P.3-58 CINHO9250
THE INPUT TEMPERATURE IS IN DEGREES RANKINE. FUNCTION *TABLI‘ IS CINHO9£60
REQ‘JIRED. I.JHO9270
DIMENSION TEMPIISI.HTCPA(IS) INHO9280
DATA TEMP I659. 67. 759. 67.859. 07. 959. 67.1059. 07.1159. 67.1259. 07, IBSINH09290
19.67. 1459. 67.1959.6712459. 67.2959.67.34S9.67.3959.b7.4459. 67/ INHO9300
DATA HTCPA /.241..243..245..248..252..256..259..262..205..275..253INH09310
I..289..295..30C..304/ INHO9320
M3UG=IBUG INHO9330

DO 33 I=I.I. INH09340

33 TFII)=TEMP(I)-459.b7 INH09350
IFITDE.GT.C7I.69I GC TO I INHO9360
CPA=.2405 INHO9370
IFIMBUG.NE. I) GO TO 8 INH09380
PRINT 55 IN H09 390
PRI'JT 333.(TFIJ).J=1.IO).IHTCPA(KIyK=lyIO).ITFIJI.J=11. I5I.IHTCPA(INH09400
IKI1K=1191H09410

8 CCNTINLE INHO9420
RETURN INHO9430

I CCNTINUE INH09440
CPA=TA3LIIHTCPA.TEMP.TDB.15) INHO9450
IFINBUG.EC.O) GO TO 88 INHO9460
PRINT INHD947O

55 FDRMATI1H3leIIOHCPA INHO9480
PRINT 333.ITFIJ).J=I.10I.(HTCPA(KI.K=l.10)1(TFIJ).J=11115).(HTCPAIINHO949O
IKI.K=I1.I5I INHO9500
333 FORMATIAX'TF'.IOFIO.2/IX.'HTCPA'.10F10.3/4Xv'TF'.5FIO.2/IX'HTCPA' INHO9510
1.5F10.3) NHO9520
PRINT 200.TDB.CPA INHO953O

200 FORMAT (IX.'TJB. CPA'.2E23.4) INHO9540
88 CONTINUE INH09550
RETURN INH09560

END INHO957O
FUNCTICN CPHITDP) INHO9530
v3#** ‘ ‘ CINHO959O

CINHO9OJO

CINh09610

THIS SUBRDUTINE FINDS THE APPROPRIATE VALUE FOE THE THERMAL CAPACITY CINH09620
OF VAPCR. DATA FOR CPN TAKEN FPUM HELTY. HICK, AND WILSON P.653. THE CINHO9630
INPUT TEWPERATURE IS IN DEGREES RANKIN. FUNCTION *TABLI* IS REQUIRED CINHO964O
CINHO9bSO

CINHO9650

***‘* ‘ $$‘******* ‘ ‘ CINHO9b7O
CINHO968O

CINH09690

D E F I N I T I O N C F T E R M S CINHO97OO

CINHO97IO

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYMS NOT CINHO9720

LISTED HERE CINHO9730

CINHO9740

“* CINHD9750

CIHHO9760

CPH-THERHAL CAPACITY OF WATER VAPOR. BTU/LE-F -—— OR DEGREES R CINHO977D
HTCPH—ARRAY VALUES OF THERMAL CAPACITIES. STU/LB-F CINHO9780
TABLI-A TABLE LDCKUP FUNCTION SUbROUTINE CINHO9790
TOP-INPUT DEHPUINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHO9300
TEMPR-ARRAY VALUES CF TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINH09810
TF-TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINH09BZO
CINH09830

CINHO9640

#**$*$$tt**###*f »~~q#$v¥$$ INHOgESO
CCHWOH/BJG/IBUG INHO9560
DIMENSION TFIIO) INHO9U70
DIMENSION IEMPRIIO).HTCPWI10I INHO9380

DATA TEHPR /529.b7,é7].67.709.67.759.67.859.67.959.é7.1059.67.1259INH09890

 

nonnnnnnnonmnnnnnnhnnnnnnnnnnnhnnnhnnnnnh
R

104

1.67.1459.67.I959.67/ INHO9900
DATA HTCPR /.448..493..483..476..472..Q77..483..498..517..564/ INH099IO
M8UG=IBUG INHO9920

DO 33 I=I.IO INHO9930

33 TFII)=TEMPR(I)-459.67 INHO9940
IFITDP.GT.529.67I GO TO I INHO9950
CPH=.44S INHO9960
IFIHBUG.NE.II GO TO 8 INH09970
PRINT 9 INHO9960
PRINT 55 INHO999O
PRINT 333.ITFIJI.J=I.10).(HTCPN(KI.K=I.IO) INHIOODO
PRINT 200.TDP.CPH INHIOOIO

8 CONTINUE INHIOOZO
9 FORHATI/IX.IO(IHKI.‘CPW'.IO(IHN)) IUHIOOBO
RETURN INHIOOQO

I CONTINUE INHIOOSO
CPH=TABLI(HTCPK.TEMPR.TDP.IO) INHIOOGO
IFIMDUG.EQ.O) GO TO 88 INHIOO70
PRINT 55 INHIOOSO

55 FOPMAT(IHO.10(IOHCPh I) INHI0090
PRINT 333.ITFIJ).J=I.IO).(HTCPWIK).K=I.IO) INHIOIOO
333 FORMATI4X.'TF'.IOF10.2/IX.'HTCPA'.IOFIO.3) INHIOIIO
PRINT 200.TDP.CPH INHIOIZO
200 FORMAT (IX.‘TDP. CPH.'. ZE23.4I INHIOIBO
38 CONTINUE INHIOI4O
RETURN INHIOISO
END INHICIbO
FUNCTION CRITMPITSET.TDP.VRMIN.hATTSD.ELPHAR) INHIOITO
*“* CINHIOIBO

 

CINHIOIQO
CINHIOZOO

 

 

THIS SUSROUTINE CALCULATES THE MINIMUM OUTSIDE EQUALIBRIUM TEMPER- CINHIOZIO
TURE TO MAINTAIN THE INSIDE TEMPERATURE AT THE SET VALUE. CINHIOZZO
CINH10230

CINH10243

‘ vvvvv v CINHIOZSO

CINHICZSO

CINHIOZ7O

D E F I N I T I O N O F T E R M S CINHIOZBO

CINH10290

SEE MAIN PROGRA"l FCR ACRONYNS NOT CINH10300

LISTED HERE CINHIOBIO

CINHIO3ZO

***** * “ ‘** CIHHIOBBO
CINH10340

ACL-CEILING SURFACE AREA. SQUARE FEET CINH10350
AdL-EFFECT hALL SURFACE AREA. SQ FT CINHIO360
BLTH-BUILDING LENGTH. FEET CINHIO37O
CRITMP-OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH HOUSE GENEPATEO HEAT IS IN BALANCCINHIDBBO
FOR THE GIVEN “SET" INSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHIOBQO
ELHT- HEAT EQUIVALENT OF ELECTRIC POWER. BTU PNR HR CINH10400
ELPWAR-AN INDEX FOP LIGHTS. ON=1. OFF=O CINH10410
HEIT-BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINHIOéZO
IBUG-AH INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGIVG THE PROGRAM CINHIOQBO
QLTOT-LATENT HEAT PRGDUCTICN OF EIRES. BTU PER HOUR CINHIOQAO
QSTOToSEE MAIN CINH10450
RCL-THERMAL RESISTIVITY OF THE CEILING. SQ FT-DEGREES F-HOUR PER BTU CINHIOQéO
4321 CONTINUE INHIOQ70
RWL-THERHAL RESISTIVITY OF THE WALL. SQ FT-DEGREES F-HDUR PER dTU CINHIO§5O
TOP-OUTSIDE DEW POINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINH10490
TSET—DESIRED INSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHIOSOO
UXAREA-THERMAL AREA-RESISTIVITY RATIO FOR BUILDING. BTU PER HOUR- CINHIOSIO
VRHIN-HINIMUM VENTILATICN RATE OF HOUSE. CFM CINHICSZO
VS‘HINIMUM MASS VENTILATION RATE. LB PER HOUR CINHIOS30
WATTSC-ELECTRICAL POKER APPLIED T0 BUILDING. WATTS PER SQ. FOOT CINHIOSéO
hIDTH-bUILDING WIDTH. FEET CINHIOSSO
CINHIOSbO

CINHIOS70

##tivtttttttttttattttt‘firkttt v CINHIOSBO

 

 

F)h(‘f‘n n

htWF3OIDC3D(WCNO(1C3n(‘r‘fl(fi(30(1r30¢5(30(1(Sn

105

CCHHDN/CRT/RCL.RVL.SPM.EXRATE

COMMON/BLDG/ELTH.WIDTH.HEIT
COHMDN/PRESS/PATM
CCHHON/BUG/IBUG

CALL ELHEATIUATTSQ.ELPHAR.ELHTI
CALL BROHT(TSET.ELPNAR.CSTCT.CLTOT)
VS:IVRHIN/VSEBHAITSET.HADP(TDP)))*60.

ACL=3LTH*VIDTH

AHL=HEIT*2.*IBLTH+hIDTH/2.)

$$¥
ttv
$¢$

CEILING IS

NEGLIBLE.

ASSUME LOSS

THUS A

SINCE END OF ROOM WITH BIRDS NOT EXPOSED DIRECTLY TO OUTSIDE.
ASSUME [/2 HEAT LOSS.
THIS WOULD BE TRUE FOR SHORT TIRE PERIODS AS WILL BE THE CASE
HERE THE HEAT LOSS THRU THE CEILING GOES TO THE ATTIC 8 IS RETURNED
TO THE SPACE IN THE VENTILATING AIR.

THROUGH FLJCR NEGLIBLE.

SSUME HEAT LOSS TO

ACL=O.

RCL=23.68

RHL=I4.II
UXAREA=ACLlRCL+AHLlRNL

CRITMP=TSET—IQSTUT§ELHTIIICPAITSETI¢VS+CPMITSET)*VS*HADP(TDPI+

IUXAREA)
IF(13UG.EQ.O)
PRINT

II FOPWATI/IX.IO(IOHCRITMP
PRINT III

GO TO 9999

III FORMAT(T5.'TSET'.TZI.'TDP',T34.'VRM1N'.I47.'HATTSQ'.T61.'ELPFAR'.
'.TIOS.'ACL'/T5.'AHL'.TZI.'RCL'.T34.'RHL'.

IT73.'VS'.TB9.'QSTOT
2T47.'UXAREA'.T61.'CRITWP'I

PRINT 11II.TSET.TDP.VRMIN.hATTSC.ELPNAR.VS.QSTCT

IUXAREAqCRITNP
IIII FORRATI1X.8EI3.3/IX.5E13.3I
9999 CONTINUE

RETURN

END

FUNCTION DPHAIHA)

))

INHIOS9O
INHIOODO
INHIObIO
INHIOéZO
INHIObSO
INH10640
INHIObSO
INH10660
INHIOOTO
CINHIOéBO
CINH10690
CINHIOTOO
CINHIOTIO
CINHIOTZO
CINHIOTSO
INH10740
INH10750
INHIO760
INH10770
INHIOTBO
INH10790
INHIOSOO
INHIOBIO
INHIOBZO
INH10830
INHIOSéO
INHIOBSO
INHIOBbO

.ACL.AHL.RCL,RkL.INH10870

INH10880
INHIOB90
INHIO900
INH109IO
INHIOQZO

INHIO93O

 

¢+o¥$¥¥¥¥

THIS SUBROUTINE FINDS THE DEN
WITH
DATA IS FROR PEFRYS CHEM.
NEW

POINT TEMPERATURE FOR A GIVEN HUMIDITY
UNITS DEGREES RANKINE AND PCUNDS OF kATER PER POUND OF DRY AIR.
H8 5TH P.12-7
DATA FOR HRATIO IS CALCULATED FROM LEREW'S MODLEL

CINHIO94O
CINHIO950
CINH10960
CINH10970
CINH10980
CIHHIO990
CINHIIOQO
CINHIIOIO
CINHIIOZO

 

D E F I N I T I U N

O

F

T E R H S

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYHS NJT

LISTED HERE

titt$tttt¢tfi$tttt¢ 7

ATMP - ATMCSPHERIC PRESSURE FROM LAST CALL CF SUBRUUTINE.
DEGREES F
DEGREES. R
LB UF WATER/LB OF AIR
LB OF HATER/L6 0F DRY AIR
DEGREES F

DP-THE DENPOIHT TEMPERATURE.
DPHA-THE DEHPOINT TEWPERATUREy
HA-THE INPUT HUMIDITY RATIO.
HRATIO-ARRAY OF HUMIDITY RATIOS.
TEMPE-ARRAY CF TEMPERATURES.

#¢###t*tttittt#

tfiwantgtfittwt

PSI

CIhHIIOBO
CINHIIO40
CINHIIOSO
CINHIIObO
CINHIIOTO
CINHIIOBO
CINHIIOQO
CIHHIIIOO
CINHIIIIO
CINHIIIZO
CINHIII3O
CINH11140
CINHIIISO
CINHIIIbO
CINHIIITO
CINHIIIBO
CIHHIII90
CINHIIZOO

 

COMMON/PRESS/PATM
DIMENSION TEMPFI 92).HRATIC(
DATA HRATID

92)

/
1.0007872..00102..001315..001687..002152..002733.
U

.003454..003788..004107.

2.00445..OO4918..005213..005638..006091..006578..0071..007658.
3.008256..033894..009575..0103..CIIOE..OII9I..0125..DI374..01475.

CINHIIZIO
INHIIZZO
INH11230
INH11240
INHIIZSO
INH11260
INHIIZTO
INHIIZBO

 

106

4.01582..01697,.OIBIQ..01943..02086..02233..02389..02555..0273I. IhHIIZ9O
5.02919..03118..0333..O3556..03795..04049..04319..04006..049II. IKHIIBOO
6.05234..05578..05944..06333..06746..07185..07652..08149..08078. INHIIJIO
7.09242..09841..1043..II16..1189..1207..I35..1439..1534..103b, INH11320
B.1745..1€62..1989..2125..2271..243..2!UZ..2738..299..3211..3452. INHII33O

9.3716..4007..4327..4682..5078..5519.-6016..6578..7218..7953..8805.INH11340
Z.9802.I.G99.I.241.I.41b.1.035.l.917.2.295l INHIIBSO

DATA TEMPE / INHII300
IO..5..10..15..20..25..30..32..34..36..33..40..42..44..46..48..50..INHII370
252-754.'560'58.'600162.'64c166o'68-[70"72o174-'76-'18-l80096209 INHII3BO
38k..8é..88..90..92..94..96..98..IOO..ICZ..104..106..I08..IIO..IIZ.I1HIIJ?O
4.114..116..118..120..122..124..126..125..130..I32..134..I36..138..INHIIRQO
5140..142..144..146..148..150..152..154..156..158..160..162..164.. INH11410
6166..168..170..I72..174..176..178..180..182..184..186..I&8..I90. .INHII420

 

 

 

 

7192..19Q..I96..198..200./ INH1143O

DATA ATHP/-I./ INH1144O
IFIPATH.EQ.ATMP) GC TO I INHII450

DO 2 I=I.92 INHII460

2 HRATICIII=HADPITEMPFIII+459.67) INHII470

I CONTINUE INHII480

DP =TABLI(TEPPF.HRATIO.HA.92I INHII490
DPHA=DP+459.67 INHIISDO
ATMP=PATM INHIISIO
RETURN INHIISZO

END INH11530
SUBROUTINE DRYHET IVENTRT.TIN.TDP.JEVAP.ELPEAR.TOE) INHIISéO

C vv CTNHIISSD
C CINHII560
C CINHIISTO
C THIS SUBRCUTTNE CALCULATES THE HEAT USED FOR ALL EVAPORATION. CINHIISSO
C CINH11590
C CINHIIéOO
C ‘F‘ v CINHllélO
C CINHIIEZO
C CINH11630
C D E F I N l T I 0 N O F T E R M S CINH11640
C CINHIleO
C SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT CINHIlbéO
C LISTED HERE CINHIIOTO
C CINHIILBO
C v .INH11690
C CINHIITOO
C BLTH-BUILOING LENGTH. FEET , CINHIITIO
C DPl-DERPCINT TEMPERATURE BASED ON CALCULATE INSIDE HJMIDITY RATIC. CINHIITZO
C DEGREES R CINH1173O
C DRPSAR—SURFACE AREA OF DROPPINGS. SQ. FEET CINHII740
C EVAPHZO-HATER EVAPCRATED FROM NATERS. LbS. PER HOUR CINHIITSO
C EVPWUR-HATER EVAPERATED FROM MANURE. LBS. PER HO R CINHII760
C HA- THE A3SDLUTE HUMIDITY AT THE OUTSIDE DEW POINT TEMPERATURE. LBS CINH11770
C PER . CINHIITSO
C HAINI- HUIIDITY RATIO OF INSIDE AIR AS FOUND FUR *DRYHET* CONDITIONS. CINHIITSO
C LBS OF H20 PER LB DA CINHIIBOO
C HEIT- BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINHIIBIO
C I3UG’AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM CINHIISZO
C PATH—ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. CINH1183O
C PS-SATURATED VAPOR PRESSURE AT THE DRY BULB TEMPERATURE. CINHIIGQO
5432I CONTINUE INHIIBSO
C OEVAP-THE HEAT TO EVAPORATE THE HATER FROM MANURE AND HATERERS. BTU CINH11860
C TOP-OUTSIDE DEH POINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHIIS7G
C TIN-TEMPERATURE. INSIDE HOUSE. DEGREES RIUSED IN SUBROUTINESI CINHIIaBO
C TUB-NET BULB TEWPERATURE BASED ON CALCULATED INSIDE HUIDITY RATIO. CINHIIB9O
C DEGREES R CINHII900
C TWBI- INSIDE WETBULB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHII9IO
C UNTEVP-TDTAL HATER EVAPORATED IN UNIT TIME. LBS. PER HOUR CINHIIGZO
C VENTRT-VENTILATION RATE THROUGH HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATION. CFH CINH11930
C WATSAR-SURFACE AREA OF EXPOSED WATER IN HOUSE CINH1194O
C HIDTH~SUILDING WIDTH. FEET CINHIIDBD
C CINHII9OO
C CINH11970
C 2": *ttil‘fi" #$¢*$**$#$8$$$$##tCIVH11980

 

ant-annnnnnnnnnnnononnnhnnn

107

CCMMON/BUG/IEUG INH1199O
CCMMON/éLDG/BLTH.RIDTH.HEIT INHIZOJD
CUMMON/EVP/DRPSAR.HATSAR INHIZOIO
CCMHJA/PRESS/PATH INHIZDZO
HA=HADPITDPI INH12030
CALL BRDHT(TIN.ELPHAR.CSTOT.CLTGTI INH12040
CALL ThEIK(TIN.VENTRT.TkBI.CLTOT.HA.TDB) INHIZOSO
CALL EVPHTRIUNTEVP.VENTRT.TIN.TN8I.EVPHZO.EVPMUR.I) INHIZObO
HAINI=HAINIQLTCT.TIL.VENTRT.UHTEVP.HAI INHIZOTO
IFIHAIN1.GT..0007872I GO TO 3 INHIZOSO
PRINT IO.HAINI INH12090
IO FDRMATIIX, 15(7HDRYHET )/1X.'ABSCLUTE HUflIJITY INSIDE IS:'.GZI.TINHIZIDO
1.’ THE RETJRNED VALUE IS: 0.0007872') INHIZIIO
HAINI=.0007372 INHIZIZO
IFIIBUG.E0.0) IBUG=2 INHIZIBO

3 CONTINUE INHIZI4O
DPl=DPHAIHAINII INHIZISO
IFIDP1.LT.TIN) GO TO 2 INHIZIbO
TWB=TIA INHIZITO
PRINT 9.0PI.THB INHIZIBO

9 FORMAT (IX.20I6FDRYHETI/IX.'INSIDE DERPOIHI GREATER THAN DRYBULb. INHIZI9O
IDEHPOINT ='.GZI.7.'HETEUL8 SET AT:'.GZI.7) INHIZZOO
GO TO I INHIZZIO

2 CONTINUE INHIZZZO
THB=NBJBHAITIN.HAIAI) INH12230

I CONTINUE INH12260
CALL EVPHTR (UNTEVP.VENTRT.TIA.TWU.EVPHZC.EVPMUR.II INHIZZSO
QEVAP= UNTEVP*HLDB(TINI*(-l.) INH12260
IFIIBUS.EQ.OI GO TO 9999 INHIZZTO
PS=PSDBITINI INHIZZBO
DRY=-9. INH12290
PRINT 11 INHIZBOO
Il FORWATI/IX.IOIIHHJ.'DRYHET'.IOI1HH)) INH123IO
PRINT 9030 INH12320

9030 FORMATIIX'ORYHET'I9X'VENTRT'.T25.'TIN'.T39.'TDP'.T53.'DRPSAR'.T67.INH12330
I'NATSAR'.TSI.‘EVPMUR'.T95.'EVPHZO'.T109.'DRY '.TIZ3.'QEVAP'.IIOXINH1234O

 

 

 

 

Z'BLTH'.T26.'HA'.T40.'HAINI'.T54.'PS'.T63.'UNTEVP‘.T62.'DPI 'I INH12350
PRINT 9031.VENTRT.TIN.TDP.DRPSAR.RATSAR.EVPNUR.EVPHZU.DRY . INHIZ360
IQEVAP.BLTH.HA.FAINI.PS.UNTEVP.DP1 INHIZ370
9031 FORMAT (2X.9E14.3/2X.OE14.3I INH12380
IFIIBUG.EQ.Z) IBUG=O INHIZ39O
9999 CONTINUE INH12400
RETURN INHI2410

END . INH12420
SJBROUTINE DRYRATIVENTRT.TIN.THB.DRYRTM.DRYRTK.MEI INH12R30

¥4¥ ’***** J CINHIZOQO
CINHI2450

CINHIZ460

THIS SUBRDUTINE CALCULATES THE DRYING RATE USING THE HEAT TRANSFER CCCINH12470
FICIENT CINHIZRSO
AS UUTLINED BY PERRYS HANDBOOK PAGE 15-35. PARAMETERS ARECALCJLATED CINHIZ490
POW DATA CINHIZSOO
IN WELLS THESIS. (PERRYS 4TH ED 1963) CINHIZSIO
CINH12520

CINH1253O

*** ‘ Yw CINH1254O
CINHIZSSO

CINH12560

D E F I N I T I D N O F T E R M S CINH12570

CINHI2580

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT CINHIZ590

LISTED HERE CINHIZbDO

CINHIZélo

arauvuvuavvs’ra‘ ¥¥$ *‘** T v¥¥6 v vvvbINH126ZO

CINH12630

ALPHA-COASTAAT DETERMINED BY EXPERIMENT FOR EETERNING THE HEAT CINHI2640
TRANSFER CUEFICIENT. CINH12650
BDAREA - AREA OF ONE BIRD IN CROSS SECTIOL. SQ. FT. CINHIZbéD
BLTH~BUILDING LENGTH. FEET CINHIZOTO

HHNTMP-TEMPERATURE AT WHICH *DIFHMN* IS APPROPRIATE. DEGREES C CINHIZbBO

 

108

 

C CKAREA - APPROX. CRCSS SECTIONAL AREA BLCCKED FOR AIR FLOW BY BIRDS. ClNHIZbQO
C CINH12700
C CRCTHP- TERPERATURE AT WHICH *DIFCRC* IS APPROPRIATE. DEGREES C CINHIZTIO
C DC- CHARACTE RISTIC DIMENSION OF THE DRYING SURFACE. FEET CINH12720
C (THE LENGTH OF THE AIR PATH CVER THE DRYING SURFACE) CINH12730
54320 CONTINUE INH12740
C DELTAX-DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION OF WATER SURFACE AND HAIERER RIM. FT. CINHIZTSO
C DIFCRC-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT AS FOUND IN CRC HANDBOOK. SO.CM./SEC CINHIZTbO
C DIFHMN-DIFFUSICN CDEVFICIENT AS FUUAD IN HEAT TRANSFER DY HOLNAN. SQ CINHIZTTO
C DIFSN-DIFFUSICN COEFFICIENT. SC CH/SEC. CINH12780
C DRYH—ALTERNATE VALUE FOP *DRYRTMt CINH12790
C DRYRTH—THE DRYING RATE AS CALCULATED. LBS. OF WATER PER HDUR-SQ.FT. CINHIZdOO
C COEFICIENT CINHIZCIO
C DRYRTN-THE DRYING PATE AS CALCULATED FOR WATER SURFACES. LBS 0F HATERCINHIZBZO
C PER HOUR-SQ FT CINHIZS3O
C DRYw-ALTERNATE VALUE FOR *DPYTR‘ CINHIZéAO
C EXPN-A CONSTANT DETERMINED BY EXPERIMENT FDR DETERMINC THE HEAT TRANSCINHIZPEO
C G-HASS VELOCITY. HEIGHT RATE OF FLOR PER CROSSECTIONAL AREA. LBS./HK.CINH12860
C CIHHIZdTO
C HEIT-BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINHIZBSO
C HT-HEAT TRANSFER COEFICIENT. BTU/HR.-SQ.FT.-F CINHIZSQD
C LANBDA-LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATICN FOR hATER AT TEMPERATURE OF MATERICINHIZ9DO
C HBUG-CCDED FACTOR FOR DESIRED PRINTCUT AS NOTED ELSEWHERE CINH129IO
C ME- A CCDED INDEX TU SHOh FROM HHITCH SOURCE *DRYRAT'r IS CALLED.2=TRBCINH129ZO
C I=CTHEP CINH1293O
C HDDTH-NASS FLOH RATE OF WATER VAPOR. LBS/HR—SO. FT. CINH12940
C MH-MOLECULAR HEIGHT OF HATER CINH12950
54321 CCI'TIAUE INHIZQSO
C ONELST- THE ONE-HALF CIRCUMFERENCE OF A 2 C'I DROPPING. CH CINHI2970
C PAI- THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BARAMETRIC PRESSURE AND SATURATEU VAPOR CINHIZ930
C PRESSURE OF THE AIR. PSI CINH12990
C PAZ-THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AND THE VAPOR PRESSURECINHIBOOO
C OF THE AIR. PSI. CINHI3010
C PATH-ATMOSPHERIC PRESSUREyPSI CINH13020
C PI-THE CONSTANT RATIO CF CIRCUMFERNCE TO DIAMETER CINH13030
C RO-UNIVERSAL GAS CCNSTANT. LB.FT./LR DEGREES R CINH1304O
C ROMS - NUHDER OF RUHS OF CAGES THRU HOUSE CINH13050
C TEMRTE-RATE OF CHANGE FCR DIFFUSION WITH TEMPERATURE. SQ CM/SEC. C CINHIZOGO
C TIN-THE TEMPERATURE OF THE DRYING AIR. DEGREES R CINHIBDTO
C TS-TEMPERATURE CF MATERIAL BEING DRIED (WELLS P. 70) DEGREES R CINH13030
C THE-NET BULB TEMPERATURE OF VENTILATIAG AND/CR DRYING AIR. DEGREES R CINH1309O
C VEL- VELOCITY OF DRYING AIR OVER MATERIAL CN BELT. FT/MIH CIHH13100
C VENTRT- THE VENTILATION RATE IN THE HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATIOJ. CINH13IIO
C CFM OUTSIDE AIR CINHI3IZO
C HATRDT-NIDTH OF HATERERS. FEET CINH13130
C W3 - HET BULB TEMPERATURE USED TO CALCULATE DRYRTM. CINHI3140
C WIDTH-BUILDING HIDTH. FEET CINHI3ISO
C CINHIBISO
C CINH13170
C *** ** CINHIBIBO
CCHAON/PRESS/PATM INHI319O
CCMMON/DLDG/ELTflwaDTH. HEIT INHIBZOO
CEMMJH/DRY/DRYH.DRYW INHIBZIO
CC”MJN/BIRDS/WERD.BRDS INHI3220
CCMMDN/BUG/IDUG INH13230

REAL LAMBDA.HDOTH INH1324O
HS=THB INHI325O
IFITHB.LE.TIN) GO TO 2 INH13260
H3=TIN-.9l INH13270
NRITEI3.12) INH13280

12 FDRNATI/IX.IOIIHHI.‘0RYRAT'.IOIIHh)I INH13290
HRITEI3.IO)VEL.TIN.HB.DC.G.HT.TS.LAMRCA,DRYRTM.DRYRTM INH13330
WRITE(3.1)TVD.TIN.HB INH133IO

1 FORMATIIX.130(IHVIIIX.'VET BULd LARGER THAN DRY BULB TEMPERATURE. INH13320

1 THB='.GZI.0.IOX,'TIN='.GZI.8.IDX.'DEGREES RANKINE'/ INH13330
21X.‘HET BULB RESET TO:‘.GZI.8I INH13340

2 C NTINUE INH13350
PI=355./113. INHI3360
EXPN=.40202222 INH13370
ALPHA: .1222427622 INHI3380
UNELST=PI*2./2. INHI3390

DC=IUNELGTII2.54*IZ.)) INH134OO

 

C

C

fif‘rfifi(fiffifi(wc\n(fif\n(1f10(WC3n(WCTO(DF‘O(‘FWD

WELLS SAYS TS SHOULD BE HU§.9 BUT ALPHA AND EXPN ARE DETERMINED

TS=HB

LAMSDA=FLDBITSI

ROHS=4.
BOAREA=0.2

CKAREA=IBRDSIRChSIPEDAREA

109

VEL= ABSIVENTRTI/(IHEIT*3LTHI'CKAREAI
G=IVEL/VSDSHAITIN.HAPVIPVDBHDITIN. HEIT)
HT=IALPHA*I6‘#EXPN)I/IDC*‘Il.-EXPN))

DRYRTM=IHTILAABOAI*ITIN-TS)

FROM HEAT TRANSFER BY HOLMAN P.

5

U

DTFCRC=.239
DIFHMN=.256

CRCTMP=8.
HHNTHP=25o

260

TEMRTE=IDIFHMN-DIFCRCI/(HMNTMP-CRCTHP)

DIFSN =(DIFCRC+TEHRTE*I(TIN—459.67I-32.I*5./9.)*3600.*I.07639E-3

WH=18.
RO=1545.

DELTAX=2./12.

PA2=PATH-PVDB”SITIN. H8)
PAI=PATM-PSDBITIN)

MDOTH:(IDIFSN*PATM*HW I/IRO‘TIN‘DELTAX))‘ALDGIPAZ/PAI)

ORYRTH=MDCTN*144.

DRYH=DRYRTM
DRY~=DRYRTH
IFIIBUG.EQ.O)

PRINT

GO TO 88

FORMATIIHD.IOIIOHDRYRATE

PRINT IO.VEL.TIN.

I)

)‘60.

NB.DC.G.HT.TS.LAHBGA.DRYRTH.DRYRTW

USINCINHI3410

INH134ZO
INHI3430
INHI3440
INH13450
INHI346O
INH13470
INH13480
TNHISQQO
INHI3500
CINH13SIO
INH13520
INHI3530
INH13540
INHI3550
INHI356O
INHI3570
INH13530
INHI359O
INHIBOOO
INH13610
INHI3620
INHI3630
INH13640
INH13650
INHIBbéO
INH13670
INH13680
INHI3690
INH13700

13 FORMATI/ITX'VEL'.T21.'TIN'.T35.‘ H5 ',T48.'DC'.T62.'G'.T76.'HT'.T9INH137IO

.'TS'.TIOQ.'LAMSDA'lIX.8EI4-4/T7

38 CONTINUE

RETURN
END

SUBROUTINE DRYSRF

THIS SUDRCUTINE FINDS

THE SURFACE AREA OF HATERERS AND

(EXSHHS.«ATLGT.HATN
t#$#$#*####ttt$*ttt:#tt*#$tt$tt$$t$#it$*$

DT.DRPSAR,HATSAF.DRYSUFI
t *r-r

.‘DRYRTH'.TZI.'DRYRTH'IZEI4.4)INHI3720

INHI3730
INH13740
INHISTSO

INH13750

 

MANURE FDR DRYING

.INHIBTTO
CINHI3780
CINH13790
CINH13300
CINHIBBIO
CINH13820
CINH13830

 

DRPNUM-NUHSER CF DROPPINSS OF EXCRETA
DRDSAR-SJRFACE AREA OF

0 E F I N

I T I D N

O F T E R M S

FMIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYMS NOT
LISTED HERE

JRCPPINGS.

nnfitfigt

AS ACCUHULATED THRU THE DAY
AS ACCUMULATEO THRU THE DAY.

DRYSUF-TOTAL SURFACE AREA FOR DRYING. SQ. FEET

IBUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM

PLYHTH-THE NIDTH CF THE DROPPING BOARDS. FT.

WATLGT-LENGTH OF NATERERS.
HATSAR-SURFACE AREA OF EXPOSED EATER IN HOUSE

HATWOT-WICTH OF NATERING TROUGHS.

tfit

CCNNCN/BUG/IBJG
CCHMCN/RATE/CRPNUH
DPPSAR=DRPNUM*0.0067573

PLYATH=IO./IZ.

DRPSAR=PLYHTH*HATLGT
VATSAR=NATLCT*NATHDT

FEET

hATER SURFACE.

ktt$¥

FEET

CINHI384O
CINHIBBSO
CINHIBSbO
CINHIBBTO
CINHI3880
CINHIBBiO
CINH13903
CINHIBQIO
CINH13920
CINHI393O
CINH13940

FTCINH13950

CINHI3960
CINHI3970
CINH13980
CINHI399O
CINH14000
CINH14010
CINH14020
CINHIAO3O
CINH14040
INH14050
INH14060
INHIQOTO
INH14080
INHIGOQO
INH14100

 

'IIO

DRYSUF=DRPSAR+HATSAR
IFIIBUG.EQ.O) GO TO 9999
PRINT 13
13 FORMATI/IX.IOIIHHI.'DRYSRF'.IO(1HW)I
PRINT 9020

INH14110
INH14IZO
INH14130
INH14140
INH14150

9020 FORMATIIX'DRYSRF'I9X'EXSMHS'.T25.'NATLGT'.T39v'HATHDT'.T53.'DRPSARINH14160

1'.T67,'NATSAR',T81.'DRYSUF'.T95.'DRPNUH'I
PRINT 9021. EXSHHS.NATLGT.NATHDT.DRPSAR.HATSAR.DRYSUF
1.9RPHU1
9021 FORMAT I2X.7E14.3)
9999 CONTINUE
RETURN
END

SUBROUTINE ELHEATIRATTSQ.ELPMR.ELHT)

INH14170
INHIAIBO
INH14190
INH14200
INH14210
INH14220
INH14230

INHI4240

 

THE PURPOSE OF THIS SUBRDUTIHE IS TC COMPUTE THE HEAT ADDED BY
ELECTRIC LIGHTS. AKHATT IS APPLIED POWER IN THE POULTRY BUILDING.
HATTSQ IS THE hATTAGE PER SQUARE FOOT. ELPHR IS AN INDEX
INDICATING POWER IS UN 0R OFF. 3413 IS THE HATTAGE TO BTU
COWVERSIDN FACTOR

D E F I N I T I b N O F T E R M S
SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT

LISTED HERE

CINHI4250
CINHI4260
CINH14270
CINH14280
CIHHI429O
CINH14300
CINH143IO
CINH14320
CINH14330
CINH1434O
CINH14350
CINH14360
CINHIQBTO
CINHIABSD
CINHI4390
CINH144OO
CINH14410
CINH14420

 

*** ,, ...: *""*
AKdATT-ELECTRIC POWER APPLIED IN THE BUILDING.
BLTH-BUILDING LENGTH. FEET

ELHT- HEAT EQUIVALENT OF ELECTRIC POWER. BTU PER HR
ELPHR-AH INDEX INDICATION LIGHTS ARE ON OR OFF
HEIT-BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET

IBJG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM
WATTSD-ELECTRICAL POKER APPLIED TO BUILDING. WATTS PER SQ.
54321 CONTINUE

C WIDTH-BUILDING WIDTH.
C

KILOHATTS

hnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnfinnn

FOOT

FEET

CINHIA430
CINHI444O
CINHIQQSO
CINHI4460
CINH14470
CINH14460
CINHI4490
CINH14500
CINH14510

INHI4520
CINH14530
CINH14540
CINHI4550

 

C
C **¥**D*¥*$tt‘#t$*$ tit‘ Hovii‘iv

CCHH N/BUG/IBUG

CCHMDN/SLDG/ELTH,HIDTH.HEIT

AKKATT=HATT$Q35LTH*NI3TH/IOOOo

ELHT=AKVATT*3413.*ELPWR

IFIIBUG.E0.0I GO T3 9999

PRINT 15
FORMATI/IX.IO(IHHI1'ELHEAT'0IOIIHWII

PRINT 9050
9050 FORMAT (7X.'ELHEAT'./9X.'NATTSC'1T25o'ELPWK'1T39.'ELHT',T53.'
IAKhATT'I

PRINT 9351.

FORMAT (9X94El4u3I
CONTINUE

RETURN

END

d"

1

MATTSQI ELPNRIELHT' AKMATT
905I
9999

SUBRDUTINE EVPKTR (UNTEVP,VEHTRT.TIN.TV3.EVPHZO.EVPMUR.MEI
*t#*$*t¢téttittt$tttt#fiigg¢*. .

CINH14560
INHI4570
INHIASBO
INHI4590
INHIQOOO
INH14610
INHIAGZO
INH14630
INH14640
INH14650
INH14b60
INH14670
INH1¢680
INH14690
INHI4700
INHI4TIO

INH14720

 

THIS SUSRCUTINE CALCULATES WATER
MAHURE AN) THE SUJ OF THESE
DRYING hATER IS ADDED TO AIR

REMOVED FRCM THE HATERERS. THE

finnnnn

FROM MANURE AND HATERERSIASSUHE NO

CINHIATBO
CINH14740
CINH14750
CINH14760
CINHI4770
CINHIATdO

 

canonnnnrsnnnnnnnnnnnmnnnnnnnnonnhnfinhnnnnnnnn

C

C

III

 

 

 

 

SPILLS H20 REMOVED FROM MANURE IN UNIT TIME CINH1479O
CINH14800

CINH14810

CINHI4320

CINHI4830

CINHIABAO

D E F I N I T I O N O F T E R M S CINHIABSO

CINH14660

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NUT CINHI48TO

LISTED HERE CIHHI488O

CINH1489O

*** A CINH149DO
CINH149IO

BRDTHP-BUCY TEMPERATURE OF A LAYING HEN. DEGFEES R CINHI4920
DRPSAR-SURFACE AREA OF DROPPINGS. 50. FEET CINHIAQBO
DRYRTM-THE DRYING RATE AS CALCULATED. LBS. OF HATER PER HOUR-SO.FT. CINH14940
DRYRTk-THE DRYING RATE AS CALCULATED FOR WATER SURFACES. LBS OF HATERCIHH14950
PER HOUR-SQ FT CINH14960
DT’LENGTH OF ITERATION. HOURS CINH14970
EVPHZO-NATER REMOVED FROM WATERS. LBS PER HOUR CINHI4980
EVPMRT- TOTAL HATER EVAPORATED IN HOUSE FPOM HANURE. LBS. CINHI4990
EVPMUR- WATER FVAPORATED FROM MANURE. LBS. PEF HO CINHlSOOO
EVPIST- THE MOISTURE EVAPORATED FROU MANURE AS A RESULT OF ITS INITIALCINH15010
TEMPERATURE BEING GREATER THAN AMBIENT TEMP., LBS PER HOUR CINHISDZO

4321 CONTINUE INHISOBO
EXCDHC-THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF HANURE AS DEFICATED, DECIMAL FRACTION CINHISOQO
EXHTSH-NEIGHT OF EXCRETA AS ACCUNULATED THRU THE DAY. LBS CINHISOSO
HLIST-LATENT HEAT OF EVAPORATION ESTIMATION WHILE DRYING MANURE HITH CINHISObO
INITIAL BODY HEAT. STU/LB CINHISOTO
IBUG-AN INTEGER COCE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM CINHISOSO
ME- A CCDED INDEX TO SHOW FRCM WHICH SOURCE *DRYRAT* IS CALLED.2=TNBICINH15090
I=CTHER CINHISIOO
DIST-THE EXTRA HEAT IN THE MANURE AS A RESULT OF ITS INITIAL CINHISIIO
TEWPERATUFE BEING GREATER THAN AMBIENT. BTU PER HOUR CINHI5120
SPM- THE SPECIFIC HEAT OF MANURE.BTUILB-DEGREE F CINHISI3O
TIN-TEMPERATURE. INSIDE HOUSE. DEGREES RIUSCD IN SUBROUTINESI CIIWHI 140
THE-WET BULB TEMPERATURE BASED ON CALCULATED INSIDE HUIDITY RATIO. CINHlSISO
EGREES R CINHISIbO
UNTEVP-TOTAL HATER EVAPCRATED IN UA'IT TIPE. LB . PER HO CINH15170
VEHTRT- THE VENTILATION RATE II THE HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATION. CINHISISO
CFM OUTSIDE AIR CINH1519D
WATSAR-SURFACE AREA OF EXPOSED HATER IN HOUSE SQ. FT. CINHISZOO
CINHISZIO

CINHISZZO

‘*“*****v CINH1523O
COMMON/CRT/RCL.RNL.SPM.EXRATE INHISZHO
CCHMDN/BUG/IBUG INHISZSO
EMHDN/C/EXCDMC.EXKTD.EXkTSM.EVPMRT.DT INHIBZbO
COMMON/EVP/DRPSARywATSAR INHISZTO
CALL DRYRATIVENTRT .TINuTflfiyDPYRTN.DRYRTH.ME) INHISZBO
BRDTMP=ID7.I+459.67 INH15290
OIST=EXNTD‘SPM*IbRDTMP-TIN)IDT INHISBOO
HLlST=HLDBI(SPDTMP+TTNI/2.I INH153IO
EVPlST=QlSTlHLIST INHISBZO
EVPHUR=DRYRTMtflRPSAR +EVPIST INH15330
RWTRHTzEXMTSH*EXCDVC—EVPMRT INH15340
IF(RMTRHT¢.9—EVPMUR/DT)1.2.2 INH15350

1 EVPHJR=.9*RHTRhT/DT INH15360
HRITEI3.3) EVPVUR INHISBTO

3 FORMATIlX.120(IHB).5X.'EVPHTR'lIX.'DRYING BELCH CONSTANT RATE HATEINHISBdO
1R FEMOVED LIMITED TD:' .GZI.7) INH1539D
IFIIBUG.EQ.O) IBUG=2 INH15400

2 CONTINUE INHISAIO
H20 REMOVED FRCM MATERS IN UNIT TIME CINH15420
EVPHZO=ORYHthwATSAP INHIS43O
TOTAL HZO EVAPORATED Th UNIT TIME CINHISAko
UNTEVP=EVPHUR+EVPH20 INH15450
IFIIBUG.EC.O) GO TO 9999 INH154b0
PRINT 16 .DFYRTH INHISATO

16 VLF WATIIIX. 10(IHHI.' EVPNTR '.IOIlHM).10X.'DRYRTK='.E14.4) INH15#80
PRINT 9040 INHISAQO

9040 FCRKAIIIX'EVPATR'IQX'DRYRTM'.I25.'DRPSAR'.T39.'NATSAR'.T53.'EVPMURINHISSQD

nonnonhnnnnnhnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnn

nnfinnnnnnnnnn

112

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I'.T67.'EVPHZO'.Taly'UNTEVP') INHISSIO
PRINT 9041vDRYHIM90RPSAR.KATSARyEVPVUR.EVPH20.UNTEVP INHISSZO
9041 FORMAT (2X76E14.3) INH15530
IFIISUG.EO.2) IBUG=O INHISSAO
9999 CONTINUE INHISSSO
RETURN INHIbbe

END INHISSTO
SUBRUUTINE EXCRAT (BIRDNO,DF.EXATSN,EXhTD) INHISSBO
##t$*$#fi¢ti*‘**$ *V . *****“'* VINHLSSQO
CINHISbOO

CINHISbIO

THIS SUDROUTIHE CALCULATES DAILY MAHURE PRODUCTION. CINHISbZO
MANUPE PROCUCTIOR RATE TAKEN FREM ESMAY. ET. AT ISLH.1975 CINH1563O
MAHURE PRCJUCTION = 0.272 LBS/DAY - HEN CIHH15640
CIUH15650

CINHISbe

t** ‘F' fi‘rfiw‘vi t‘itfifi"‘- («fitdkivfclfq'115670
CINH15680

CINHISéQO

D E F I N I T I O N C F I E R M S LIHHISTOQ

CINH157IO

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYMS NOT CINHISTZO

LISTED HERE CINH1573O

CIHH1574O

***** ~ ‘* CINHISTSO
CINH15760

BIROND- NC. CF BIRDS IN BUILDING CINHISTTO
DF - EXCRETA DISTRIBUTION FACTOR. FRACTICN OF DAILY EXCRETA PRODUCED CINHIbIBO
DURING PERIOD OF lV‘DT‘I‘. LB. CINH15790
EGRTE-EGG PROJUCTIEN RATIO. DECIMAL CINHISBOO
EXRATE-RATE OF NANURE EXERTION. LBS OF NANURE PER BIRD-DAY CINHISSIO
EXKTD-MANURE PRODUCED DURING TIME DT. LBS CINHISBZO
EXHTSM-hEIGHT OF EXCRETA AS ACCURULATED THRU THE DAY. LBS CINHISSBO
EXNTDY-HEIGHT CF EXCRETA PER DAY. LBS. CINH15840
[BUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEEUGGING THE PROGRAM CINH15850
CINHISBbO

CINHISBTO

¥*‘ '*'*¥~ w CINHISBBO
CCMHCN/CRT/RCL.RHL.SPH.EXRATE INHISBQO
COMMON/EUG/IGUG INHI5900
EXKTDY=EXRATE*BIRDNO INH159IO
EXhTO=EXNTDYtDF INHI5920
EXFTSM=EXFTSM+EXWTD INH15930
IFIIBUG.EC.OI GO TO 9999 INHIS94O
EGFTE =O.69 INHI5950
PRINT 14 INH15960

I4 FURMATI/IX,IOIIHMI.'EXCRAT'.IDIIHHII ‘ IUH15970
PRINT 9010 INH15930
9010 FORMAT(IX'EXCRAT'/9X'BIRDHC'.TZS.‘EGRTE'.T39.'EXVTD'.T53.'EXRTDY')INHIS99O
PRINT 9011.BIRDND.EGRTE.EXhTC.EXNTDY INHIéOOO
9011 FOPVAT (2X.5E14.3) INHIOOIO
9999 CONTINUE INHIbOZO
RETURN INHIbO30

END INH1604O
SUBROUTINE FLCRHT (T.TSLA3.INOIC.GI INHIbOSO
**#t#*$$t¥¥ A *‘******t* +DII\H16060
CINHIOOTD

CINHIbOBO

THIS SUBRCUTINE DETERMINES THE BUILDING HEAT LCSS CINH16090
THROUGH THE FLOOR SLAB. CINHlbIOO
CINHIOIIO

CINHIblZO

#tt#n*#:t*tt:$:tt$t¢##tt¢#tt$ttt$2t ****** “LINHIOI30
CINH16140

CINHIéISO

D E F I N I T I O N L F T E R M S CINHIéIbO

CINHIbITO

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYHS NOT CINHIbIBO

 

0(WCTF5ntfif‘ntfiffiw(WC\fi(7(50(“(35

ran

nonnnrnnnnnnhr‘nnr‘nnn

II3

 

 

 

 

 

AIRLBN-AIF FLFU

RATE!

LBS PER MIN

LISTED HERE CINH16190

CINHIOZOO

agagg tkfljkttfintttfi + gin yINHlelo
CINH16220

BLTH-BUILCING LENGTH. FEET CINHILZBO
CAHU-PKCDUCT OF FLOUR UTILIZATION. AREA. SPECIFIC HEAT. AND MASS CIHH1624O
HEIT-BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINH16250
HTFLO-HEAT TRANSFER PER UNIT FLOUR AREA, dTU PER HCUR-SO. FT. CINHIbeO
IBUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR CEBUGGING THE PRJGRAH CIhHIbZTO
4321 CONTINUE INHIGZBO
INQIC-AN INDEX TO CHANGE SLAd TEMPERATURE E.G. DAILY NUT EACH CINHIGZQO
CALCULATICN CINHIGBOO

Q-HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH FLOOR. BTU PER HCUR CINH16310
T-IHSIDE TEMPERATURE: CEGREES R AND F CINH163ZO
TSLAB- TEWPERATURE OF FLOOR SLAB, DEGREES R AND F C1NH16330
UTILIZ-PORTIO'I UF FLOOR NOT COVERED BY MANURE, SQ FT CINH1034O
HIDTH- -CUILDING WIDTH. FEET CINH16350
CINH16360

C1NH16370

leH16380

CCHMON/BUG/IDUS INH1639O
CUMMON/bLDG/ELTH,HIDTH.HEIT INH16400
COMMON/hTHR/AVTDBOyRANGEyATMPyHO:ID9IY.TDPF.VAR0TA INH16410
T=T-459.67 INH1¢420
TSLA3=TSLAb-459-67 INH16430
UTILIZ=.25 INH16440
HEAT FLOW PER SQ FT CINH16450
HTFLD=1.65*ITSLAB-(T+AVTDBOJ/2) INH16460
TOTAL HEAT FLON CINH16470
Q=HTTLD¢ULTH*HIDTH‘UTILIZ INH16480

IF IINCIC .NE. 1) 60 TC 2 INH16490

NEH SLAB TEMPERATURE CINHIbEOO
SPECIFIC HEAT=D.156' PERRY P.3-136 CIHH16510
CAHU=UTILIZ*0.156*8LTH*WIDTH*I10./12.)#120. INH16520

1 TSLAB=TSLAB-.S*HTFLU/CAHU INH16530
INOIC=O INH1654O

2 CONTINUE INHIESSO
T=T+459.67 INH16560
TSLAB=TSLAB+459.67 INH16570
IFIIBUG.EQ.OI GO TO 9999 INH16580
PRINT 17 INH16590

17 FORMATI/IXpIOIlHH).‘FLORHT'.10I1HW)) INHIbéOO
PRINT 9110 INH16510
9110 FORMAT (1X.'FLDRHT'y/9X.' T',T25.'TSLAE'qT39.‘INDIC'1T539'C'1T67.'IhHlfiéZO
IHTFLD INH16630
PRINT 91111TvTSLAByINDICvaHTFLC INHIébQO
9111 FORMAT (2X2E14.31114v2E14.3) INHIbbSO
9999 CONTINUE INHIbeO
RETURN INH1667O

END INH16680
FUNCTICN HAIHICLTOT TIIQ'VENTRT UNTEVPyHA) INH16690

** H” v CINHIOTOO
CINHleIO

CINH16720

THIS SUERCUTINE CALCULATES THE INSIDE ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY CIHH16730
ClHH16740

CINHleSO

**¥**** ‘ w .INH1676O
CIVHIbTTO

CINhléTBO

D E F I N I T I D N 0 F T E R M S CINH16790

CINH16800

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT CIHH16810

LISTED HERE CINHIbBZO

CINH16830

‘ v vv¥¥¥¥#$**** * *‘##tt$$##¢$#$$##¢$#***#¥$¢CINHleqO
CINH16850

AIRLBI-LN ESTIMATE OF THE MASS RATE OF VENTILATION, LBS OF AIR CINHIéBbO
PEP MINUTE CINHIéBTO

CINH16880

 

F)Ot1F1f70t1r$fi(fifih\nr$ntfifin(5CTfi

Ptfiffir‘fi(‘(‘n

II4

BRDTPP-BCDY TEMPERATURE OF A CHICKEN: DEGREES R

HA-ABSCLUTE HUMIDITY OF INCOMMING AIR, LES PER LB

HAIEST - AN ESTIMATE OF THE INSIDE ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY: LBS PER LB
HAIN-ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY OF INSIDE AIR: LBS PER LB

CINH16890
CINH16900
CINH169IO
CINH169ZO

HL-LATENT HEAT CF EVAPORATION AT CHICKIN BODY TEMPERATURE: BTU PER LBCINH16930

[BUG-AN IATEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM
QL-LATENT HEAT FRCN THE HENS: BTU/HR

GLTOT-LATENT HEAT PRODUCTION OF BIRDS: BTU PER HOUR
4321 CONTIAUE

RESPI- AN ESTIMATE OF THE MASS MOISTURE RESPIRATICN RATE PER UNIT OF

VENTILATION AIR: LB CF MOISTURE PER LB OF VENTILATED AIR

RESPIR-MOISTURE ADDED TO AIR BY BIRD RESPIRATION: LBS OF WATER PER
LB OF AIR

TIN-TEMPERATURE: INSIDE HOUSE: DEGREES RIUSED IN SUBROUTINES)
UEVPW-UNIT EVAPERATICN RATE: LES OF HATER PER MIN.
UNT‘TOTAL MATER EVAPORATED IN UNIT TIME (SAME AS UNTEVP): BL/HR
UVTEVP-TJTAL WATER EVAPORATED IN UNIT TIVE: LBS. PER HOUR
VENTRT-THE VENTILATION RATE IN THE HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATIOH:CFM

vv‘¥$‘¥vv
CCMMON/PRESS/PATH
CCMMDN/BUG/IBUG
AIRLBI=VENTRTIVSDBHAITIN:HA)
UEVPM=UNTEVPI60.
BROTMP=107.I*459.67
HL=HLDBIDRDTMPI
RESPI=IQLTOTIIHL¥60.II/AIRLBI
HAIEST=HA+RESP1
AIRL3M=VENTRT/VSDBHAITIN:HAIESTI
RESPIR=IQLTCT/(HL*60.I)/AIRLBM
HAIN=HA+UEVPMIAIRLSM+RESPIR
IFIIBUS.EQ.O) GO TO 9999
PRINT 5

5 FORMAT I1Xo1OI10HHAIN HHHK I I
PRINT 55:TIN:RESPIR:QLTOT:AIRLHMVHAIA:HA,UEVPN:UNTEVP.VENTRI

55 FORMATITX.'TIN'.T21:'RESPIR'yT35,‘QLT[T'.T~B,'AIRLBA',T62,'HAIN'

1T76.'HA'.T90:‘UEVPH':TIOG:'UNTEVP'.T113:'VENTRT'/1X9E14.41
9999 CONTINUE
ETURN
END

SUBRUUTINE HEAD

*4. +-‘-"--Ai12+$n

THIS SUBROUTINE HRITES THE HEADING FOR A TABLE

fii’fiwfi‘
PRINT 13
13 FORMAT IIHII
PRINT 14

CINH10940
CINH16950
CINHIC960
INH16970
CINH16980
CINH10990
CIHHITOOO
CINHITOIO
CINHITOZO
CINHITOJO
CINH17040
CINH17050
CINH17060
CINHITOTO
CINH17080
CINH17090
INHITIOO
INHITIIO
INH17120
INH17130
INHITIAO
INHITISO
INH17160
INH1TITO
INHITIBD
INH1719O
INHITZOO
INHITZIO
INH17220
INH17230
INH1724O
IHHITZSO
INH17260
INHITZTO
INH17280
INH17290

INHITBOO
CINHITBIO
CINH17320
CINH17330
CINH17340
CINH17350
CINHITBGO
CINHITBTO
CINHITBSO

INH17390

INH174OO

INH17410

14 TORMATI1X9'TA5LE 2 COMPARISON OF HEATHER AND POULTRY HOUSE EXPERIMINH17420
IENTAL CONDITIONS WITH EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATED MANURE MOISTURE INH17430

2CONTENT.') INH17440
PPINT 1 INH17450

1 FCRMATI/ 9X7'THEORETICAL MOISTURE CONTENT (HET': INH17460
2 BASIS) OF POULTRY MANURE AFTER DRYING HITH UNHEATED':/ INH17470
3 9X,'VEHTILATING AIR. THE MANURE IS AS DROPPED IN A CAGE LAYININHITQBO
46 HOUSE MITH DROPPING BCARDS.') INH17490
PRINT IS INHITSOO
15 FOFMATI/T35:8(1H-):‘HEATHER DATA',8(Ih-)/T15:‘STAFT'.T22:'END':TZBINH17510
I.’FIRD':T35.'ATMP':T42,'TMAX':T48,'TMIN',TS4.'TAVE‘.TOO:'TDP': INH17520
2T65:'MCISTURE CONTENT: PERCENT'IT4.'DATE'.T15:'TIME':T22,'TIME'1 INH17530
3T28.'NO.':T35:'PSI':T38:4(5X:'F'):T67:'HCUSE 7 CALCULATED'lI INHITSQO
RETURN IMH17550
END INH17560
SULROUTINE HEOING INHITSTO
PRINT 13 IHHITSBO

 

nonnnhnnnnnonn

13 FORMAT (1H1) INH17590
PRIN I INHI7600

I FORMAT( 9X:'THECRETICAL HATER REMOVAL AND MOISTURE CONTENT (WET INHITbIO
2 BASIS) OF POULTRY MANURE AFTER DRYING NITH UNHEATED':/ INHI7620

3 9X:'VENTILATING AIR. THE HANUPE IS AS OPGPPED IN A CAGE LAVININH1763O
40 HOUSE VITH DROPPING BCARDS.':/9X:'IN5IOE VALUES ARE THEORETICAL INHITéQO

5 EXHALST AIR') [NH17650
PRINTZ INH17660

2 FORMAT I//IX :T73:'MAHURE': T98:'MANJRE'/IX IHHITOTO

1 :'OUTSIDE':TIé:'OUTSIDE': I30:'FLOR RATE': T44:'INSIDE': T58 INH17680
2:'INSIDE':T73:'NATER REMOVED - LBS':T96:'MUISTURE CONTENT - PERCENINH1769O
AT TIME': IIX 'DRY BULO': T16:'DEk PLINT': T30:'CFN': INHI7700
IT129:'HRS': INHITTIO
bT49:'DRY DULB', T59:'DEH POINT'. T72:'CNE HOUR': T86:'LISTED': INHITTZO
CTIOO:'AT END': T114:' AT END':/IX:'DEGREES F': le:’0EGREES F': INH17730
DT44:'DEGREES F': T58:'DEGREES F': T72:'CF DRYING': T861'HDURS OINH17740

 

EF': T100:'CF ONE': TIIQ:'OF LISTED':/IX:T86:'DRYING': T100:INH17750
F‘HOUR':TIl4:'HOURS':/4X:'(II':T20:'(ZI':T34:'(3)':T§8:'(4)':T62:'lINH17760
GSI':T74:'(6)':T88:'(7)':T102:'(8I':Tllb.'(9)':T128:'(10I':/) INHITTTO
RETURN INHI7780
END INH17790
SUEEOUTINE HDSTRTIELTH:HIDTH:HEIT:RHL:RCL:QMECH:MATLGH:HATNDT: INHITBOO
-hBFD:BRDS:BROTHF:EXCDMC:DF:SPM:EXRATE: TMINF:DT: INHITBIO
-8TIME:RUHLGT:INDIC:ELPHAR:TSETF:VRMAX:VRNIN:TSLABF) INHITBZO
v “**** A CINH17830
CINH17340

THIS SUBRCUTINE PRINTS A TABLE GIVING THE CATE: DESIGN PARAMETERS: CINHITBSO
MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS: HEATHER: AND SIMULATION DETAILS FOR THE CINHITBOO

 

 

SPECIFIC COMPUTER RUN AND DATE. CINHITBTO
CINHI7880

‘3 ACINH17890
CINH179OO

D E F I N I T I O N C F T E R M S CINHI79IO
CINH17920

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT CINH17930

ISTED HER CINH17940

CINH17950

¥¥¥**** v r .INH17960
COMPON/HTHRIAVTDBO:RANGE:ATMP:HO:ID:IY:TDPF:VARDTA INH17970
PRINT 1:HC:IC:IY INH17980
I FOPMATIIHI:IX:'CESIGN VALUES USED DURING SIMULATION FOR DATA UF': INHI7990
8I2:‘/‘:I2:'/':IZ/) INHIEOOO
PRINT 2:BLTH:MIDTH:HEIT:RHL:RCL:QHECH INHIEOIO

2 FORMATI/IX:'BUILOING:'/5X:'LENGTH: FT':T45:F10.2/5X:'hIDTH: FT': INHISOZO
1T45:F10.2/5X:'CEILING HEIGHT: FT':145:F10.2/5X:'INSULATION-HALLS: INH15030
*HF—F-SO FT/STU':T45:F10.2/5X:'INSULATICN-CEILING: HR-F-SC FT/BTU':INH18040

<TAS:FIO.2/5X:'LIGHTING HEAT: ETU/HR':T45:FIO.Z I INHIBOfiO
PRINT 20:”ATLGH:VAT¥UT INHIBObO
20 FCRHATISX:’NATERCR LENGTH: FT':T45:F10.2/5X:'HATEFER WIDTH: FT':T41NH18070
ZS:F10.2) INHISOBO
PRINT 3:8RDS:EBRD:BRDTMF:EXCDMC:DP:SPF:EXRATE INHIEO9O

3 FORMATI/IX:'LAYING HENS:'/5X:'NUNRER OF HENS'1T4S: F10. Z/SX:'HEN VEINHISIOO
-IGHT: LBS':T45:FIO.2/5X:'OODY TEMPERATURE: :T45:FIO. Zlb INH 18 110
/'EXCRETA MOISTURE CCNTENT: $‘:T45:2PFIO.2/5X:' EXCFETA DISTFIOUTIONINHISIZO
# FACTCR‘:T95:OPFIO.2/5X:'SPECIFIC HEAT OF MANURE: DTU/Lb-F':INH18130
:T45:FIO.2/5X:'EXCRETA PRODUCTION RATE: LBS/HEN-DAY',T45:FID.2) INHISIQO
PRINT 4:TSETF:VRFAX:VRMIN:TSLABF NHIBISO

4 FORMATIIIX:'VENTILATIONz'l5X:'INSIDC DESIGNISET) TEMPERATURE. F':TINHIBIbO
:45:F10.2/ 5X:'FAXI4UN VENTILATING RATE: CFM':T45:FIO.2/5X:'MINIHIHHIBITO
SUM VENTILATING RATE: CFM':T45:FIO.2/5X:'INITIAL SLAB TEMPERATURE: INHIBIBO
.F':T45:FIO.2) INHIBIQO

PRINT 5:ATHP:AVTDBC:RANGE:TMINF INHIBZOO

5 FOPMATI/Ixy'HFATHER:'ISX:'ATMCSPHERIC PRESSURE: PSI':T45:FIO.2/ INH18210
-5X:'AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEMPERATUPE: F':T45:TIO.2/5X:'UUTSIDE TEMPERATINHIBZZO
AURE RANGE: F':T45:FIO.2/5X:'CRITICAL LON OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE: F': INH1823O

aT45:FIO.2) INH18240
PRINT 6: DT:BTINE:RUHLGT:INOIC:ELPMAR INHIBZSO

b FOP?AT(/lX:'SIMULATILH DETAILS:'/SX:'TIME ILCREMENT-DT: HOURS': INHIBZbO
#T45:FIO.2/5X:'STARTING TIME: CLCCK HCUkS':T45:FIO.2/5X: IhH1627O

3'LENGTH OF HUN, HOURS':T45:FIO.2/5X: 'SLAL INDEX':T45:18 ISX: INHIEZBO

 

0(‘(TFID<‘F\O(5(30(WCWO(DFTWt?f‘fi!1f\htfif\fi(“f‘fitfir‘n(WC‘D(WC‘OI‘CTO(3F‘O(\C\P

116

*‘LIGHTING INDEY':T45:FIO.2/IHII
PUNCH 11:”D:ID:IY

11 FORMATI 'DESIGN
3 2:'/':I2:'/':12/)
PUNCH 2:BLTH:KIDTH:HEIT:RHL:FCL:QHECH

PUNCH 3:8RDS:HBRD :BRDTNE.EXCCMC:DF:SPM.EXRATE
PUNCH 4:TSETF:VPHAX:VRMIN:TSLABF

PUNCH 5:ATMP,AVTDBO:RANGE:TMINF

PUNCH 6:DT:BTIVE:RUNLGT:INDIC:ELPHAR

PUNCH
FORMATIBEIZH-
RETURN

END

V
q

I:' -I')

SUEROUTINE TEMCES lhATTSO:ELPHAR:ST:TAV:TO:TOAVE:TSLAB:INDIC:
IVENTFT:TCB:TDP:TI:ONETT:TIDP)

VALUES USED DURING SIMULATION FOR DATA OF':

INH18290
INH18300
INH18310
INHIBBZO
INH18350
INH18340
INH18350
INH18360
INH18370
INH18380
IHH18390
INH18400
INH18410

INHIB420
INH18430

 

THIS SUbRDUTINE CALCULATES THE NET HEAT EXCESS CR SHORTAGE
A HEAT BALANCE USED TO ESTIMATE THE INSIDE TEMPERATURE
IN *TEHPI‘

FOR

$¥¥uv V

D E F I N I T I O N D F T E R M 5

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT

LISTED HERE

ylnulsa4o
CINH18450
CINH18460
c1~H1847o
CINH12430
CINH18490
CINHIBSOO
CINH18510
.IHHlsszo
CINH18530
CINH1854O
C1NH18550
CINHIBSOO
cxnulssvo
CINHISSBO
CINH1859O

 

¥¥¥¥¥

ELHT-X HEAT EQUIVALENT CF ELECTRIC POWER: BTU PER HR
ELPWAR-AN INDEX FOR LIGHTS: ON=1: UFF=0
IDUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FOR DEBUGGING THE PROGRAM

INDIC-AH INDEX TO CHANGE SLAB TEMPERATURE E.G. DAILY RATHER THAN

A .
OCTOT-HEAT TRAISFER THROUGH CEILING: BTU PER HOUR
QEVAP-THE HEAT TC EVAPORATE THE WATER FROM MANURE AND HATERERS:
HOUR
GFTCT-HEAT TRANSFER THRCUGH FLCCP: BTU PER HCUR
OLTOT-LATENT HEAT PRODUCED BY BIFDS: BTU PER HOUR
QNETT-HET HEAT EXCESS UR DEFICIENCY IN THE LAYING HOUSE:
CSTOT-SENSIELE FEAT PRCDUCED BY BIRDS: BTU PER HOUR

4321 CONTINUE

EVENT-HEAT ADDED TC
QNTUT-HEAT TRANSFER
ST-ADJUSTED CEILING

AND REMOVED LITH VENTILATING AIR:
THROUGH hALLS: BTU PER HOUR
SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE: DEGREES F
TAV-AVERAGE SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE: DEGREES F
TOE-OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMPERATURE: DEGREES R
TOP-OUTSIDE DEW POINT TEMPERATURE: DEGREES R
TI—TEHPEPATURE INSIDE HCUSE AS CARRIED BY MAIN PROGRAW:
TC-OUTSIDE WALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE: DEGREES F
TOAVE-AVERASE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE: DEGREES R AND F
TSLAU-TEMPERATURE OF FLOOR SLAB: DEGREES R AND F
VENTRT-THE VENTILATION RATE IN THE HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATION:
VS—ESTIWATE CF SPECIFIC VOLUNE OF INSIDE AIR: CUBIC FEET PER LB.
WATTSQ-ELECTRICAL POMER APPLIED TC BUILDING: WATTS PER SQ. FOOT

DEGREES R

#fitttt$#$*#*t$¥$*ttt*#
COMMON/PRESS/PATM
CCMWDN/BUG/IBUG
CALL ELHEAT IkATTSQ:ELPnAR:ELHTI
CALL DRDHT (TI:ELPKAR:USTOT:QLTCT)

CALL CEILHT (TI:TDB:QCTUTI

CALL HALLHT (TI:TDB:QNTOT)

CALL FLURHT ITI:TSLAB:INDIC:CFTOTI

CALL DRYHET IVENTRI:TI:TDP:DEVAP:ELPHAR:TDBI

GINH18600
CINHIBblO
CINHIBéZO
CINHIBOBO
CINH18640

EACHCINHISbSO

bTU PER HOUR

I

CIHH18660
CINHIBbTO

BTU PCINHIDbBO

CINH18690
CINHIBTOO
CINHIBTIO

BTU PER HDURCINHIBTZO

CINH1873O
INH16740
CINH18750
CINH18760
CINHIdTTO
CINH18780
CINH18790
CINHIBBOO
CINHIBBIO
CINH18620
CINHIBBBO
CINH18840
CINHIBBSO
CINHIBBbO
CINHISBTO
CINH18880
CINH18890
CINH18900
INH18910
INH18920
INH18930
INHIB940
INH18950
INH18960
INH18970
INHIBQEO

 

fifWCIC(fiFifi(“CT0(1r30(fi(\0(Wr‘U‘nK“(1(5h(WC‘O!WF\O(1CTO(3C5U(WCV“(WCVh

n

117

THE HEAT PICKED U0 BY THE VENTILATING AIR

VS=VSDBHAITI:HADP(TIDP)I

QVENT=(VENTRT/VS)*(CPAITII+CPh1TIDPItHADPITIDP)I*(TDB-TI)‘00.
ONETT=ELHT4QSTOT+QLTOT+QCTUT+QHTOT+CFTOT+QVENI+JEVAP -QLTOT

3

O

CONTINUE

IF(IBUG.E0.0) GO TO 9999

PRINT 20
FORMATI/IX:IOIIHH):'TEMGES':IOIIHh)I

2

O

PRINT 9120 .
9I20 FORMAT (IX:'TEMGES':/T10:'HATTSQ':T24:'ELPHAR':T38:'ST':T52:'TAV':IHH19080

IT66:'TO':T80:'TOAVE':T94

2:'TDB':T38:'TOP':T52:'

TI

:'TSLAB’:T108:'INDIC':/LOX:'VENTRT':T26

':166:'QNETT’:T80

:'ELHT

',T94:‘OSTCT'

3:T108:'QLTOT‘:/IOX:'QKTOT':T24:'QFTDT':T38g'QVENT':T52:'OEVAP':

4T669'QCTOT')
PRINT 9IZI:NATTSQ:ELPHAR:ST:TAV:TO:TDAVE:TSLAB:INDIC:VENTRT:

I TDB:TDP:TI:QNETT:ELHT:QSTOTvQLTCT:QhTOT:QFTOT:QVENT:CEVAP:

ZQCTOT

9121 FORMAT I2X7E14.3:I14/2X3EI4.3/2XSE14.3)

9999 CONTINUE

RETURN
END

SUBROUTINE TEMPIN ITGES:VENTRT:HATTSQ:ELPHAR:TSLAB
I:INDIC:TDB:TDP,TEMPI:TIDPI
fifi.

THIS SUBROUTINE DETERMINES THE

DQNETT-DIFFERENCE DIFFERENTIAL OF QNETT:
ELPNAR—AN INDEX FOR LIGHTS:

D E F I N

I T

I

O

N O F

¥Vn$

T E R M S

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRONYMS NOT

GES-INPUT VALUE OF TGES

IbUG-AN
INDIC-AN

CALC.
JT-COUHTER USED FOR

4321 CONTINUE
ONETTW-NET HEAT FOR
QNETTN-HET HEAT FOR
QNETTP-NET HEAT FUR
ST—ADJUSTED CEILING
TAV—AVERAGE SOL-AIR
TUB-OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMPERATURE:
TOP-OUTSIDE DEN POINT TEMPERATURE:

TGES-AH

TO—OUTSIDE HALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE:
TOAVE-AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEWPERATURE:

TSLAB-TEHPERATURE OF FLOOR SLAB:
VENTRT-THE VENTILATION RATE IN

ON=11

INTEGER CODE USED FOR
INDEX TO CHANGE SLAB TEFPERATURE E.G.

LISTED HERE

OFF=O

DEBUGGING

FUNCTION MINUS ONE:
FUNCTION:

BTU

I§**a*

INSIDE TEMPERATURE BY A HEAT BALANCE.

BTU/IHR-DEGREE RI

THE PROGRAM

NEhTONIAN CChVEPGEHCE

BTU PER HR.

PER HR.

DAILY NOT EACH

CINH18993
INHI9000
INHI9OIO
INHIQOZO
INHI9030
IHH19040
INHI9050
INHI9050
INH19070

INHI9090
INH19100
INHI9IIO
INHI9IZO
INH19130
INHIQIéO
INH19150
INH19160
INHI9170
INH19180
INHI9I90

INHI9ZOO

INHI9210
CINH19220
CINHI9230
CINH19240
CINHI9250
CINHI926O
CINHI9270
CINH19280
CINH19290
CINHI9300
CINH19310
CINHI9320
CINHI9330
CINH19340
CINH19350
CINHI936O
CINHI9370
CINHI938O
CINHI939O
CINHI9400
CINH194IO
CINHI9420
CINH19430
CINH19440

INHI9450
CINHI9460
CINH19470

 

*¥*t#t##$t#t*##u~$
DIMENSION TPIIO)
CEMMCA/BUS/IEUG
DATA ST:TAV:TOAVE:TC/4*-9./

FUNCTION PLUS ENE: BTU PER HR. CINHI9480

SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE: DEGREES F CINH19490

TENPERATURE: DEGREES F CINH19500

DEGREES R CINH19510

DEGREES R CINH19523

TEAPI—THE INSIDE TEMPERATURE OBTAINED BY CCNVERGENCE: DEGREES R CINHI9530
INTERMEDIATE GUESS VALUE USED FOR CCNVERGENCE: DEGREES R CINH195AO

DEGREES F CINHI9550

DEGREES R AND CINHI956O

TP-AN ARRAY OF TEMPERATURES USED FOR NEWTONIAN CONVERGENCE: DEGREES RCINH19570
DEGREES R AND CINHI9580

THE HOUSE AT TIME OF CALCULATION: CFH CINHI9590

NATISQ-ELECTRICAL PONER APPLIED TO BUILDING: WATTS PER SC. FOOT CINH19630
CINHI9610

CINH19620

** “ CINH19630

INHI9640

INHI965O

INH19660

INH19070

3ES=TGES
BEGIN NEhTONIA1 CONVERGENCE

CINH19680

 

OCDCTOtfiCTOK‘(3Fiht‘(fir\h(fir\fi(fir\h(1650(3F\O(1f‘n

1500

0130 FORMAT IIX,'TEMPIN'.I9Xy'GES'1T251'VENTRT‘7T39,

°131 FORMAT

9999

TT8

90 500 JT=1.9
TPIJT)=TGES-1.

TNHI9690
INH19700

CALL TEMGES (HATTSQ.ELPHAR,ST.TAV.TO,TUAVE.TSLAB,INDIC.VENTRT.TDU.INHI9710

ITDPcTPTJT).DNETTH.TIDP)
TPTJT)— TGES+1.

INH19720
INHI9730

CALL TEM JES ThATTSD.ELPhAR'ST.TAV,TO,TJAVE TSLAB. INDIC. VENTRT, TDB, INH1974D

ITDP. TPIJTIoCNETTP TIDP)
TPIJTI=TGES

TNHI9750
INH1°760

CALL TEHGES (hATTSQ,ELPHAR'ST.TAV.TC.TOAVE'TSLAB,INDICyVENTRTaTDS.INH19770

ITDP'TPIJTIvQNETTN'TIDP)
DQNETT=ICNETTP-DNETTMIIZ.
TPIJT+II=TPTJTT-CNETTN/DQNETT
IFITPTJT+I)-TP(JT).LE.1.) GO TO 502
TGES=TPTJT+1)

CONTINUE
PRINT 1500
FORMAT (IX‘SUBROUTINE TEMPIN

CONTINUE
TEHPI=TGES
IETIBUG.EQ.O) GO TO 9999
IF (TEMPI.GT.120+459.67)IBUG=
PRINT
FORMATI/IX IOTIHH),'TEHPIN',IDI1HHII
PRINT 913

500

ERROR NOT LESS THAN 1 DEGREE F')

502

2
21

'hATTSO'oT53I'
lELPMAR'gT67y'ST'.T81,'TAV',Tgby'TOAVE'1T105y'TSLAD"TIZ3p'ILDIC'
Z/IOXv'TDS'.TZby'TDP"T40.'TEMPI'yT54p'TPIJTI'yT65y’DQNETT'yT82
3"QHETTH',T96,'QHETTP'gTIIOv'CNETTN"

PRINT 9131IGES'VENTRT'HATTSQVELPHAR,ST,TAV'TOAVE’TSLAB'INDIC'TDE
I TOP9TE1PIyTPTJT)yDQNETTyCNETTM.CNETTP'QNETTN
IZX8EI4.31114/2X8514.3)

IFIIBUG.EQ.2) IBUG=D
CONTINUE

RETURN

ETTD

SUBROJTINE TkBINTTINyVENTRI.TkBI,CL lHAyTUd’

n

9

INH197ao
INH19790
INHIngO
TNHIQSIO
INH19820
INH19830
qu19e4o
INHIGBSO
IHH19860
INH19870
IHH19880
INH19890
INH19900
INHI99IO
1NHI9920
INH19930
INH19940
INH19950
1NH19960
INH19970
INH19930
INH1999O
anzoooo
quzooxo
INHZOOZO
INHZOOBO
INH20040

 

THIS SUBPDUTINE DETERMINES THE nETBULB TEMPERATURE BY EQUATING THE
SUM OF AIR VAPOR SOURCES TO THE PSYCHRGMETRICALLY DETERMINED ABSLUTE
HUMIDITY THRU A NEWTONIAN CONVERGENCE.

¥v¥¢ 1 ‘~

0 E F I N I T I O N U E T E H M S

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYHS NCT
LISTED HERE

$.nmosh

DEX -
TXM:

DERIVATIVE OF *FX *.

FXN. FXP - A FUNCTION
VALUE OF HQGS

HA- HUMIDITY RATIE FOR CUTSIDE AIR.LB OF HZG PER Lb OF DA

TIBI- INSIDE NETBHLB TE“?ET‘AIURE. DEGREES R
WBTIT-INTERMEDIATE HETBULB TEMPERATURE, EEGR [E F
NBGS- A GUESS hETbULB TEMPERATURE TOR USE WITH NEWTDHIAN
DEGREE R
NBGSI-FIRST GUESS FOR NB:

(LBS CF HZC/LBS OF AIRI/DEGREE R
OF *FB* EQUAL Tb ZERO WITH THE CORRECT

CONVERENCE:

DEGREES R

$¥t$t$ttt$tttt$fit¥¥$$t v

CINHZOOSO
CINHZOObO
CINHZOOTO
CINHZDOBO
CINH20090
CINHZOIOO
CINHZOIIO
CINHZOIZO
CINHZOIBD
CINH2014O
CINHZOISO
CINHZOIbO
CINHZDITO
CINHZOIBO
CINHZOI9O
CINHZOZOO

*CINHZOZIO

CINHZOZZO
CINH20230
CINH20240
CTNHZOZSO
CINHZOZéO
CINHZOZTO
CINHZOZBD
CINH2029D
CINH203OO
CINH20310
CINHZOBZO
CINH20330

 

CEHNCN/BUG/IEUG
CEMMCh/PRESSIPATK
DIFENSTCN HbTID)
HBGS=TIN

CTNH20340
INHZOBSO
INH20360
INHZO370
INHZOBBO

 

O<WC‘O(WU1fl(“F1n(‘f‘fitfir\fi(fi(fih(firfifi(firi0(1(\O(W(Wfi(5rfifi

40

O

1500
52

2

H

2

u

22
9999

IFITIN.LT.492.) GO TO 492
HBGS=KBDBHA(TIthADBRHITINyoo5)I

CONTINUE

CALL EVPHTRIUNT

HBI])=HBGS-

1.

CALL EVPhTRIUNT

FXN:
HBIII=NBCS

CALL EVPhTRIUNT

FXH=

DFX=IFXP-FXH)/Z.
NB(I+1)=HB(I)-FXN/DFX
IFIhBII+1)-HBII).LE.1..AND.HBII+1)—HEI1).GE.O.)GC TO 52
HBGS=AESIHBII+11I

CONTINUE
PRINT 1500

FORMAT (1X,'SUBROUTINE TKBIN

CONTINUE
THbI= NBGS
IFIIBUG. ED
PFI:€T 21

FORHATI/1Xp10I1Hth'

1 VENTRT'

' VENTRI.

v VENTRT.

.0) GO TO 9999

TNDIN

T'l9

TIN. NBII):EVPH20.EVPMUR12)
FXP= HAINIQL/Z.pTINyVENTRTyUNT/Z.'HAI-HAPVIPVDBH8(TIN'HBII1))

TIN!

TIN, HBII)

'110IIHHII

PRINT 23vTIN.VENTRTkaBIvHBGSI

FORMATI9X,'TIN'yT25q'VENTRT',T39.'THBI'vT53

PRINT 22.FXP.FXP.FKN.DFX

FORMATI5X:
CONTINUE
RETURN

END

SUBROUTINE VENRATIHATTSO.ELPth
IAVTDBO.TSLAB,VENTG'INDICvIND.

$¥s¥§ v

THIS SUBPCUTINE DETERMINES THE VENTILATICN RATE BY A HEAT BALANCE.

t3:**t##8fit#*t$#*t$**$#k ttt

AVSCLT‘AVERAEE SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE!
AVTDBO-AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE.

DEF

'FXP'

fit‘fifififl

I N

.T23.

I T I O N

'FXN',T37.

TDB 'T

CF

RBIIIvEVPHZOoEVPMURIZ)
HAINlQL/Z..TINvVENTRTgUNT/2.'HAI-HAPVIPVDBHBITINcwfllIII)

.EVPH20:EVPMUR12I

ERROR NOT LESS THAN

'FXN'

IN ,TDP

T E R M S

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYHS NOT
LISTED HEFE

HAINIQL/Z.'TINpVENTRT'UNT/Z.vHA)-HAPVIPVDBHB(TIN1HB(III)

1 DEGREE F')

y'HBGSI'I2xng14.5)

,T55y'DFX'l2Xv4E14.5)

vDPIn
QCCNSTpVENTRyVRMAX)

INH20390
INHZOQOO
INHZO410
INH20420
INH20430
INH20440
INH20450
INH20460
INH20470
INH20480
INH20490
INHZOSOO
INHZO510
INHZOSZO
INHZOSBO
INH20540
INH20550
INH20560
INHZOSTO
INH20580
INH20590
INHZObOO
INH20610
INHZObZO
INH20630
IVHZOékO
1NH20650
INHZObe
INHZOOTO
INHZObSO
INHZObQO
INH20700
INHZOTIO
INHZOTZO

INH2073O

INH20740
CINHZOT50
CINH20760
CINH20770
CINHZOTSO
CINH20790
CINH20800
CINHZOSIO
CINHZOBZO
CINHZOSSO
CINHZOB4O
CINHZOSSO
CINH20860
CINHZOBTO
CINHZOSSO

 

DEGREE
DEGREE

DONET -DIFFERENCE DIFFERENTIAL OF JNET

UPI-INSIDE
DRPSAR-SURFACE AREA OF DROPPINGS:
ELHT-

ELPWR-AN INDEX

I

4321

QCTOT-HEAT TRANSFER THROUG
OFTUT-HEAT TRAWSFER THROUGH FLOOR.
QLTDT—LATENT HEAT PRODUCED DY BIRDS.
QNETM-VET

DENPOINT TEMPERATURE (SAME AS TIGPI,

50. FEET

HEAT EQUIVALENT CF ELECTRIC POWER:

S F
S F

DEGREES R
BTU PER HR

INDICATION LIGHTS ARE ON OR OFF
IND-AN INDICATOR TO BY PASS CONVERGENCE

INDIC-AN INDEX TO CHANGE SLAB TEMPERATURE
JK-COUNTER USED FOR HEWTONIAN CONVERGENCE
QCONST-THE SUN

5.6.

CINH20890
CINHZO9JO
CINH20910
CINH20920
CINH20930
CINHZO940
CINHZO950
CINH20960
CINH20970
CINH20980

DAILY RATHER THAN EACHCINHZO?9O

CINHZIOOO

OF HEAT BALANCE FACTCRS REMAINING CONSTANT DURING CONVCINHZIOIO

BTU PER HR.

CONTINUE

H CEILINGy

BTU P
BTU PEH

dTU
BTU PER H

ER HOUR
HOUR

BTU PER HOUR
HEAT FOR FUNCTION MINUS ONEv
QNETN-NET HEAT FOR THE FUNCTION:

PER HR.
R.

CINHZIOZO

INH21030
CINH21040
CINHZIOSO
C1NH21060
CINHZIOTO
C INH21080

u l..-

 

120

 

C QNETP-NET HEAT FOR FUNCTION PLUS ONE. BTU PER HR. CINH21090
C OSTCT-SENSIBLE HEAT PRODUCED BY BIRDS. BTU PER HOUR CINHZIIOO
C UdTOT-HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH HALLS. BTU PER HOUR CINHZIIIO
C SOLT-ADJUSTED CEILING SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F CINHZIIZO
C TDD-OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINH21130
C TDBOZ-OUTSIDE hALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHZIIQO
C TOP-OUTSIDE DEN POINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES R CINHZIISO
C TIN-TEMPERATURE. INSIDE HOUSE. DEGREES RIUSED IN SUBROUTINESI CINHZIIéO
C TSLAB-TEMPERATURE OF FLOOR SLAB. DEGREES R AND F CINHZIITO
C V-THE ERROR IN VENTILATING RATE AT END OF CCNVERGENCE. CFM CINH21180
C VENTG-AN INTERMEDIATE GUESS VALUE FOR VENTILATION RATE (SUDROUTINE VACINH2119O
C VENTR-THE VENTILATION RATE IN THE HOUSE AT GIVEN TIME (SUdROUTINE VALCINHZIZOO
C 1 CFM CINHZIZIO
C VR-AN ARRAY OF VENTILATION RATES USED FOR NENT. CONVERGENCE. CFM CINH21220
C VRMAX-N‘AXIMUM VENTILATION RATE CF HOUSE. CFM CINH21230
C wATSAR-SURFACE AREA OF EXPOSED HATER IN HOUSE CINH21240
C HATTSQ-ELECTRICAL POWER APPLIED TO BUILDING. HATTS PER SQ. FOOT CINHZIZSO
C CINHZIZbO
C CINHZIZTO
C —r #ii‘tttwtt¥ttt¢¥t$$$t$t$tt¢tc[NHZIZBO
DIMENSION VRIZZ) INH21290
CEMHON/EVP/DRPSAR.RATSAR INHZIBOO
COMMON/BUG/IBUG INH21310

DATA AVSCLI.SOLT.TDBOZ/3*—9./ INH21320

CALL ELHEATIRATTSQ. ELPWR.ELHT) INHZI330

CALL BRDHT (TIL .ELPWR.QSTCT.QLTOTI INH21340

CALL CEILHT (TINchayQCTOT) INH21350

CALL VALLHT ITIN.TCB.0KTCTI INH21360

CALL FLORHT (TIN .TSLAB.INCIC.GFTOT) INHZI3T0
QCCNST=ELHT+CSTOT+QLTOT*QCTOT+QWTOTOQFTOT -DLTOT INHZI380
IFIIND.EC.2) GO TO 2 INH21390

C BEGIN NEHTONIAN CCNVERGENCE OF VENTILATICN RATE CINHZIkOO
DO 400 JK=1.20 INHZléIO
VR(JK)=VENTG-.OI*VENTG INH21420

CALL VNTNET (VPIJKI.TDB.TDP.TIN.QCDNST.QNETM.ELPkAR.DPII INH21430
VRIJK)=VENTG +.01*VENTG INH21440

CALL VNTNET (VRIJK).TDB.TDP.TIN.QCDNST.CNETP.ELPNARyDPI) INHZIASO
VRIJKI=VENTG INH21460

CALL VNTNET IVR(JKI.TDB.TDP.TIN.QCOAST.CNETN.ELPKAR.DPII INH21470
DQNET=ICNETP-QNETH)/(.02*VENTGI INH21480
VRIJK+II=VRIJKI-ONETN/DONET INH21490
VENTG=VR(JK§II INHZISOO
IFIVRIJN+I)-VR(JK).LE..01*VRMAX.AND.VE(JR+1I-VRIJK).GE.O.I GO TO INHZISIO

. INHZISZO

400 CONTINUE INH21530
V=VRIJK+1)-VRIJK) INH21540

PRINT 1000 .V INHZISSO

1030 FORMATIIX.'AN ERROR IN SUBRFUTINE VENPATEyTHE VENTILATICN RATE NSTINHZISbO
LESS THAN .01 X VHAX.V-ERROR='.E14.5) INHZISTO

GO TO 20 INHZISEO

402 CONTINUE INH21590
IFIVENTG.LT.0.) IDUG=2 INH21600

VENT? = ABSIVENTGI INHZIOIO

Z CONTINUE INHZIbZO
IFIIBUG.E0.0) GO TO 9999 INHZleO

20 CONTINUE INH21640
PRINT Z40.VENTG INHZIbSO

240 FORMATIIX.2(7HVENRAT )o'VENTO=‘.GZO.9) INH21660
PRINT 22 INH21670

22 FOPMATI/IX.10(IHHI.'VENFAT'.10(IHK)I INHZIbBO
PRINT 9060 INH21690

9060 FORMAT (2X.'VENRATE'./9X.'kATTSD'.T25,'ELPVR'.T39.'TDB'.T53.'TIN'.INH21700
1T67.'TDP'.TSIy'SOLT'.T95.'AVSOLT'.TIOG.’TDEO2'.T123.'AVTDBC'./ INHZITIO
ZIOX.'TSLAE'.T2b.'VEHTG',T40.‘INDIC'.T54.'QCOWST'.T68.'GCONST'. INHZITZO
3T82.‘VENTR'.T9L.'VNAX'.IIO9.'DRPSAR'.TIZQ.'FATSAR'/IIX'QNETH'.T27 INH21730
4.'ONETP'.T41.'CNETN'.TSS.'DCNET'.T69.'VR(JK)'I INHZITQO
PRINT 906I.HATTSC9ELPRR.TDU.TIN.TOP.SOLT.AVSGLT.TDBUZ.AVTDBO. INH21750
ITSLA5.VENTO.INDIE.QCONST.CCCNST.VENTR.VRNAX.DRPSAR.kATSAR.QNETM. INH21760
ZONETP.GNETA.DCNET .VRIJK) INH21770

9361 FCRWAT (2X9C14.3/2X2514.3.Il4.bE14.3/2X5EI4.3) INHZIISO
IFIIUU5.EQ.2) IBUG=O INH21790

9999 COTTINUE INHZIBDO

 

121

 

 

 

 

4 CONTINUE IHHZIBIO
RETURN INH21820

END IUH21830
SUBRUUTINE VNTNET (VENTGyTDflgTDpyTIN. CCUNST.CNET,ELPMAR.DPI) INH21840

C t!##¥t$#$#t*t#ttt¥t¥ttfittttttttttttttttttttt¥$tttttfittittttttttttttttc[HHZISSO
C CINH21860
C CINHZIBTO
C THIS SUBROUTINE CALCULATES THE HEAT USED CINHZISSO
C FOR VENTILATIONvCVENTc AND THE CINH2189O
C NET HEAT BALANCE. CNETy C CINH219OO
C IN THE HEAT BALANCE EQUATION. CINH219IO
C CINH21920
C CINH21930
C A ~LINH219§O
C CINHZIQSO
C CINH21960
C D E F I N I T I O N C F T E R H S CINH21970
C CINH21980
C SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYMS NOT CINH21990
C LISTED HERE ‘ CINHZZOOO
C CINHZZOIO
C ‘ ‘ CINHZZOZO
C CINH22030
C 3PT‘INSIDE DEVPCINT TENPERATURE (SAVE AS TIDFI' DEGREES R CINH22040
C DRPSAR-SURFACE AREA CF DROPPINGS' 50. FEET CINHZZOSO
C EVAPHZU-HATER EVAPORATED FRO“ WATERS. LBS. PER HOUR CINH22060
C EVPMJR-HATER EVAPORATED FRCM MANUPE. LBS. PER HOUR CINHZZOTO
C OCONST-THE SUM OF HEAT BALANCE fACTORS REHAINING CONSTANT DURING CINHZZOBO
C CONVERGENCE CALC.. BTU PER HR. CINH22090
C QEVAP—THE HEAT TO EVAPORATE THE LATER FROM HANURE AND HATERERS: BTU CINHZZIOO
C PER CINHZZIID
C ONET-NET HEAT FLCfi FROM HEAT BALANCE AND USED FOR CONVERVENCE. CINHZZIZO
C IDEALLY ZERO. BTU PER HOUR CINH2213O
C QVEHT- HEAT EXCHANGED BY VENTILATING AIR. STU/HR CINHZZIQO
54321 CONTINUE INH22150
C TOE-OUTSIDE DRY BULB TEMPERATURE, DEGREES R CINHZZlbO
C TOP-OUTSIDE DEN PCINT TEHPERATUREy DEGREES R CINHZZITO
C TIN-TEMPERATURE. INSIDE HOUSE. DEGREES RIUSED IN SUBROUTINESI CINHZZIBO
C VENTG-AN INTERMEDIATE GUESS VALUE FOR VENTILATION RATE'CFM CINH22190
C VS-AN ESTIMATE OF THE SPECIFIC VLLUME OF THE VENTILATIHG AIR. CU.FT. CINHZZZJO
C PER LB CINHZZZIO
C HATSAR-SURFACE AREA OF EXPOSED WATER IN HCUSE CINHZZZZO
C CINHZZZ3O
C CINH2224D
C ***** w .INHZZZSO
COHMON/PRESS/PATH IHHZZZbO
CCMHQN/EVP/DRPSARVNATSAR INHZZZTO
COHMOH/BUb/IBUG [NHZZZBO
VS=VSDBHAITINqFADPIDPIII INH22290
OVENT=IVEHTClVS1*ICPA(TIN)+CPH(TDPI*HADPIDPIII‘ITOB-TIN) *60. INH22300

CALL DRYHET (VENTG,TINvTDPyQEVAPyELPKARgTDB) INH22310
QNET=QCONST+DVENT§CEVAP INHZZBZO
IFIIBUG.E0.0I 30 TC 9999 INH22330

PRINT 23 INH22340

23 FDRMATI/IX.10IIHKII'VHTNET"10(1HHII INHZZ350
DRY =-9. INH22360
EVPMJR=-1. INH22370
EVPHZO=-1. INH22380
DPHA=HACPITDPI INH22390

PRINT 9070 INH22400

9070 FORMAT (IXo'VNTNET'y/9Xy'VENTG'ITZSy'IDB'IT39I'TDP'tTSB"TIN'vaTpINH224IO
1'DRY ',T81y'DRPSAR'.T95,'WATSAR'.T109.'0CDNST'uT123y'UNET'. INH22420
Z/IOX,'QVENT',T20.'HADP'.T40.'EVPHUR‘,Tbé.‘EVPH20'yT68,'DRY ', INH22430
3T81y'QEVAP') INH22440
PRINT 9071'VENTGg vaTDPoTIN.DkY .DRPSAR.hATSAR'CCONST.QNET. INHZ24SO

I OVENTgflPHA, EVPWUR,EVPH20.DRY .QEVAP [HH22460

9071 FORMAT (2X9E14.3/2X6E14.3) INH22470
9999 CCNTINUE INH22480
RETURN IHH2249O

END INH22500

 

n(\O(fir\h(WCifi\firfififfifi(1(30(WCTO(WCH“(firint‘rTfitfiffifi

0(WC‘Pr0(3F)n{1(\FIO(WC\anF1F10

122

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUBROUTINE WALLHTIIIN.TDB.Q) INHZZSIO
"*'* ‘t‘ *‘L ‘ -INHZZSZO
CINH2253O

CIHHZZSQO

THIS SUBRCJTINE DETERMINES THE BUILDING HEAT LOSS CINHZZSSO
THROUGH THE WALLS CINHZZSbO
*“ SINCE END OF RLUM WITH BIRDS NOT EXPCSED DIRECTLY TO OUTSIDE, CINHZZSTO
*#* ASSUME I/Z HEAT LOSS. CINHZZSBO
CINH22590

CINHZZOOO
**##$$¥##¥##$#$*#$$$t$fi$¢¥$ti$$$¢t$$$t¥¥$$$tt$it$tfi*fitt:##$¥$$t$¥ttttc[Nszblo
CINHZZbZD

CINH22630

D E F I N I T I U N O F T E R M S CINH22040

CINHZZbSO

SEE MAIN PRCGRAM FUR ACRCNYNS NCT CINH22660

LISTED HERE CINHZZOTO

CINH22680

#tttttt*tttt$t*t$$$$$$$:***** * *‘* v[Ht-{22690
CINHZZTOO

AHL--DEFINED IN CRITMP CIHHZZTIO
BLTH-EUILDING LENGTH: FEET CINHZZTZO
HEIT-BUILDING HEIGHT. FEET CINH22730
4321 CONTINUE 4 INH22740
IBUG-AN INTEGER CODE USED FUR DEBUGGIHG THE PROGRAM CINHZZTSO
Q—-HEAT TRANSFEF THROUGH HALLSyBTU PER HCUR CINH22760
RHL--DEFINEO IN CKITMP CINHZZTTO
TDB-- DEFINED [N MAIN CINH22750
TIN-- DEFINED IN MAIN CINHZZ790
NIDTH’BUILDING WIDTH, FEET CINHZZBOO
CINH22810

CINHZZSZO

***‘* A ‘ CINH22830
COMMON/SUG/IBUG INHZZSQO
CEMMON/DLDG/BLTHgHIDTHyHEIT INHZZSSO
AUL=HEIT*2.$IBLTH+HIJTh/2.I INH22860
RKL=14.II INHZZBTO
Q=ITDB-TIHI*AkL/RHL INHZZBBO

IF IIEUG.E0.0) GE TO 9999 INH22890
PRINT 7 INH229OO

7 FORNATI/IXyIOIIHH)y'NALLHT'yIOIIHN)) INH22910
PRINT 9090 1NH229ZO
9090 FORTATIIX,'HALLHT'/9X.'TIN'.TZS.'TDB'.T39.'Q'1T53,'ARL'gTéTv‘RRL‘qIHHZZ93O
1T31.'HETT'.T9S,'BLTH'.TIOJ,'FIDTH‘I INH22940
PRINT GOQITTIN,TDB.:,AWL'RWLyHEITyBLTHthDTH INH22950
909I FORMAT (2X.8E14.3) INH22960
9999 CONTINUE INH22970
RETURN INH22960

END INH22990
SUBRUUTINE HETHERIAN.TMINH) INHZBOOO
***~* v ‘**i **** “‘* CIhH23OIO
CINHZ3OZO

CINH23030

THIS SU3ROUTINE GENERATCS A DAILY WEATHER PATTERN: I.E. DRYBULB CINH23040
A17 DENPOINT TEMPERATURES. BASED ON J.S. hEATHEn SERVICE DATA INN=II CINHZBOSO
OR ON VARIFICATION DATA (NN=OI. A CINH23060
CINHZSOTO

CINHZBOSO

##t 1 1 5¥~¥¥ ** v[NI-{23390
CINH23100

CINH23110

D E F I N I T I O N O F T E R M S CINHZBIZO

CINH23130

SEE MAIN PROGRAM FOR ACRCNYVS NOT CINH23140

LISTED HERE CINHZJISO

CINHZBIbO

t:t¥$*$**#t#**#$ttvxv$ A fifittat**¥t#$$***$t*$¥$¥$¥$c[NHZBIIO

 

CINH23IBO
A-A CONSTANT USED TO CALCULATE THE BARUMETRIC PRESSURE BASED ON THE CINH23193

 

fifihnhnnnnfiOUT“(300000000600(50000000nnfihnfiOhWfinfinfihhfinn

C

C
C

123

ELEVATION AND TEMPERATURE.

AB—INTERWEDIATE VALUE USED TO CALCULATE AVERAGE CAILY TEMPERATURE

ATMP-ATMOSHERIC PRESSURE FOR A SPECIFIC DAY. PSI
AVTDBO-AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F

B-INTERMEDIATE VALUE USED TO CALCULATE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DAILY

TEPPERATURE. ARC AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

BN'INTERHEDIATE VALUE USED TO CALCULATE PIN. TEMPERATURE FOR THE DAY
BO-DRYBULB TEMPERATURE AS READ FROM CARD INPUT USING DATA GATHERED

FRUH PSL POULTRY HOUSE #7. DEGREES F
BROS-NO. OF BIRDS IN BUILDING

4321 CONTINUE

BTIME-THE TIME OF DAY THE LOOP IS TO BEGIN. HOURS

BX-INTERMECIATE VALUE USED TO CALCULATE VAX. TEMPERATURE FOR THE DAY

CD -AVERAGE OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE. DEGREES C
DT-LENGTH OF ITERATION, HOURS
DTIME-CLOCK TIME FCR DATA GATHERED FROM PSU POULTRY HOUSE #7.

HTMC-MUISTURE CONTENT OF MANURE AS FOUND FROM EXPERIMENTAL DATA AT

MSU POULTRY FARP BUILDING AO.7. PERCENT

IZ-CODED SOUNDRY FER BIGINNING OF EACH CTSCCNTINUITY IN THE

TEMPERATURE FUhCTICAS.
ID-CALENDER CAY. CATE
IDP-AN INDEX TO CHECK DEN POINT TEMPERATURE
IY-CALENDER YEAR.DATE
K-AW INTEGER CODE FOR THE SIZE OF DT
Ml-CODEO BOUNDRY FOR IST DICONTINUITY IN TEMPERATURE EQUATION
MZ-CODED BOUNDRY FOR 2ND DICONTINUITY IN TEMPERATURE EQUATION
M3-CODED BCUNDRY FOR 3RD DICONTINUITY IN TEMPERATURE EQUATION
MN—CDUNTER FOR NUMBER CF CUTPUT LINES PER DAY
MO-CALENDER MONTH. CATE
MTIME-ELASPED TIME COUNTER DURING RUN. NO. OF DT.S
MX-HAXIMUM OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE FOR THE DAY.DEGREES F
N-ANINTEGER CODE TC REPRESENT ONE-HALF HOUR INTERVALS

NN-INDICATOR VALUE TO SPECIFY HEATHER DATA IS OR IS NOT VERIFICATION

PATH—ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. PSI
PI-THE CONSTANT RATIO OF CIRCUFFEFANCE TC DIAMETER

CINHZBZDO
CINH23ZIO
CINH23220
CINH23230
CINH23240
CINH23250
CINH2326O
CINH23270
CINH23280
CINH2329O

INH233OD
CINH23310
CINH23320
CINH23330
CINH23340
CINH23350
CINH23360
CINH23370
CINH23380
CINH2339O
CINH23400
CINH23410
CINH23420
CINH2343O
CINH23440
CINHZBkSO
CINH23460
CINH23470
CINH23480
CINH23490
CINH23500
CINH23510
CINHZBSZO

INH23530
CINHZ354O
CINH23550

PC-DEHPOINT TEMPERATURE AS READ FROM CARD INPUT USING DATA GATHERED FCINH23560

FROM PSL POULTRY HOUSE #71 DEGREES F
RANGE-OUTSIDE DAILY TEMPERATURE RANGE. CREGREES F
RNGZ-ONE-HALF RANGE OF DAILY TEMPERATURE. CEGREES F

4320 CONTINUE

TDBI-INSIDE ORYBULB TEMPERATURE, DEGREES F
TODD-OUTSIDE DRYBJLB TEMPERATURE. DEGREES

F
TJPF-DENPCINT TEMPERATURE AS REPORTED BY U.S. HEATHER SERVICE.

DEGFEES F.
TDPI- INSICE DEHPUINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F
TDPO-OUTSIDE DEHPCINT TEMPERATURE. DEGREES F
TIME-CLOCK TIRE. 24-HOUR CLCCK
T4INM—MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR THE DAY. DEGREES F

fifi‘v‘fi'tfi *fififififlfifité‘fitf
COHMON/BIRDS/MBRD.6RDS
CENMOA/BUG/IBUC
C(HMOA/C/EXCDWCyEXVTO.EXkTSN.EVPMRT.DT
CCMMON/CARD/BTIME.H7HC.MxyMN.SDRYTM.EDRYTM
CCHAOA/PRESSIPATM

CCHMCN/HR/TDBDI46),TDPCI4B).TDBII48I.TIMEI48I.MTIMEpTDPII48)

CCMMON/NTHRIAVTCSO.RANGE.ATMP,MO.ID.IY.TDPF.VARDTA
DIMENSION 80(48).PCI48).DTIME(48I
REAL PX.PN

READ DUTSIEE HEATHER DAT

A
READI5.I) MO.ID.IY.ATNP.MX.PN.AVTCBO.TDPF,BRDS. STIME.H7HC7

EVARDTA,SCRYTM.EDRYTM
I FORMATI3I2.Fé.2.4T2.3.F4.0.F2.0,F4.2.Fb.2.2F4.2I
IFIHN.E0.0I GO TO IOO
THE RESRESSION EQUATICN FOR DEHPCINT IS Y=6.4663+0.800368*DB

UASED ON VARIFICATION DATA OF 8/12113. C 20/74 AND I/6E7/75

PI=355./II3.

K=I

IFIDT.EQ..5) K=2
MI=6¢K

CINH23570
CINHZBSBO
CINH2359O
INH23600
CINH236IO
CINHZ3620
CINH23630
CINH23640
CINH23650
CINH23660
CINH23670
CINH23650
CINH2369O
CINH23700
CINHZBTIO
INH23720
INHZ373O
INH23740
INH23750
INH23760
INH23770
INH23780
INH23790
INHZBBOO
CINHZBBIO
INHZSSZO
INHZ383O
INH23840
INH23850
CINH23850
CINH23870
INH23880
INH23890
INH23900
INH23910

 

124

M2=IS‘K INH23920
M3=L4‘K INH2393O
I2=l INH23943
IDP=O INH23950
IF(TDPF.E0.0.) TOPF=MN INHZ39OO
IFIAVTJBO.E0.0.J AVTDBO=IMN+MX)/2. [NH23970
IFIATMP.NE.0.) GO TO 13 INHZBQSO
CD=I5./9.I‘(AVTDBO-32.I INH23990

C 27070. IS THE ELEVATION OF E. LANSING . PI IN CM CINH24ODO
A=27370./I1600000.*II.*.004‘CD)I INHZAOIO
ATMP=14.696*(I.-A)/II.OA) INH24020

13 CONTINUE INH24030
RANGE=MX-MN INH24040
PATM=ATMP INH24050

C CALCULATE CRY BULB TEMPS FOR THE DAY (PHILLIPS P. 6) CINH24060
RNGZ=RANGE/2. INHZGOTO
TVINH=AVTDBO-RNGZ INHZQOBO
IFITDPF.LT.TMINM) GO TO 7 INH24090
IDP=I INH24IOO

7 CONTINUE INHZhIIO
DO 8 I=I2qMI INH24120
N=2PIIK INH24130
TCBOII|=TMINMORNGZ‘(I.OCOSIIIFLCATINI*IB.)/30.)’PIII INH24140
TDPCII)=6.47+.8*TDBO(I) INHZAISO

5 CONTINUE INHZQIGO
I2=Ml+1 INH24170

DO 9 I=IZpM2 INHZAIBO
N=2*I/K INH24190
TDBO(I)=TMINM+RNGZ*II.-COS(I(FLOATIN)'IZ.)/18.)*PII) INH24200
TJPCII)=6.47+.8*TDBOIII INH24210

9 CONTINUE INH24220
IZ=H2§I INH24230

DO 10 I=12pM3 INH24240
N=2¢IIK INHZQZSO
TDBOIII=TMINM+RNGZ*II.+COSIIIFLCATIN)-30.I/30.I¢PI)) INH24260
TDPO(I)=6.47+.8*TDBO(II INH24270

IO CONTINUE INH24280
C CINH24290
C HEATHER DETERPINED FRCM HOUSE 7 DATA CINH24300
C CINH24310
100 CCNTINUE INH24320
IF(NN.ST.O) GO TO 777 INH24330
PATM=ATMP INH24340

N=O INH24350
8X=O. INHZ4360
BN=100. INH24370
AB=O. INH24380

DO 710 J=I,24 INH24390
READI5,760) DTINE(J).BO(J)nPOIJ):TJBI(J)yTDPI(J) [NH24600

760 FCRMATIIZX;FS.2:IOX,4F6.2I INH24410
713 CONTINUE INHZ4420
DO 770 K=1'24 INH24430

A=K INH24440
TDSOIK)=BO(K) INH24450
TDPOIKI=PCIKI INH24460
TDPOIK+24I=HADPIPO(K)+459.67) INH24Q7O
IFIK.GT.O) GC TO 745 INHZQABO
=(FLOATIK) / 2.0 +.5) INH24490
IFIM.NE.NI GC TC 750 INH24500
TIMEIMI=FLOATINI INH24SIO
IFITIPE(M).LT.DTIMEII)) GU TO 610 INHZQSZO
IFITIVEIV).GT.CTIMEI4S)I GO TO 620 INH24530
TDEO(N)=TA6LI(ECoOTIMEgTIMEIMkafl) INH2454O
TUPC(M)=TABLI(PCpDTIMEyTIWEIMIv43) INH24550

745 CONTINUE INH24560
750 CCNTINUE INH24570
S=BOIKI INH24580
IF(B.GT.EX) BX=B INH24590
IFIB.LT.BN)BN=B INH24600
AE=AB+B INH24610

\l = ,4, INHZlooZO
770 CCNTINUE 1NH24630

 

125

AVTOBC=ADI48.
RANGE=8X-BN

777 CONTINUE
NN=NN4I
IFIIDP.EC.0) GO TO 12
PRINT
PRINT 6.TCPF,TNIN1

INH24640
INH24650
INH24660
INHZ467O
INH24680
INH24690
INH247OO

b FORMATIIX7'DENPOINT TEMPERATURE GREATER THAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FINH247IO

IOR THE DAY. DENPCINT INPUT AS'iGZI.7/IX.'DUT RESET AS SHCHN')
GO TO 27
12 CONTINUE
IFIUT.EQ-.5.UP.DT.EQ.I.) GO TO 99
PRINT 26
93 PRINT QCOyDT
903 FURNATIIXu'DT NOT EQUAL .5 OR I. NOTE VALUES FUR T380 BELUK.
IRHED VALUE FOR 0T IS:'.GZO.5I
GC TC 27
99 CONTINUE
IF (IBUG.E0.0) GO TO 9999
PRINT 26
26 FORMATIIIXoIOIIHLI18IIOH METHER I'IOIIHHI)
27 CONTINUE
PRINT 90009MTIVEII2vKtHIoM29x3v AVTCBCvRANGE'TDPFyRNGZvTMINM
9000 FORMATIIX"MTIME'.I5X.'I2'ylSXy'K'qI9X"HI',I8X.'M2',18X.'H3'/
A IX'AVTDBC"I4X"RANGE'pl5Xp'TDPF'gIOX"RN62 'ngX.'TMINN'/
11X;I215IIZO)/1X7EII.414EZO.4I
PRINT SDCS'SDRYTNyEDRYTM
9005 FORMATI/IXv'DRYER START AND END TIME - WINTER MONTHS'92FIO.2/I
PRINT 9010vH01I01IY
9010 FORMAT (IIXV'CATE'[I2"/.'121'/'112’
PRINT 909D’TCBO
909D FORMAT (IHDyIDIIOHNETHER )y/IX' TDBOIJI'n/3I6E20.4/II
PRINT 9091'TDPU
9091 FCRHATIIX'TDPOIJ)'/1Xv3(6E20.4/II
PRINT 9092 vTDBI
9092 FORMAT (IX'TDEIIJ)'/IX,3I6E20.4/I)
PRINT 9093.TDPI
9093 FORMAT IIX'TDPIIJI'/1Xy8I6E20-4/))
PRINT 9094gTIME
9094 FORMAT IIX'TIMEIJI'/IX08IOE20.4/II
9999 CONTINUE
RETURN
613 TDBOIMI=BCIKI
TDPUIMI=PCIKI
GU TO 750
TDDUIMI=BCI4BI
TDPOIVI=PCI4SI
GO TO 750
END

0
N
O

INH24720
INH2473O
INH24740
INH24750
INH24760
INH24770

RETUINHZ4760

INH2479O
INHZABOO
INH24BIO
INH24820
INH24830
INH24840
INHZ4850
INH24860
INH24670
INH24880
INH24890
INH24900
INH249IO
INH24920
INH24930
INH24940
INH24950
INH24960
INH24970
INH24980
INH24990
INHZSOOO
INH25010
INHZSDZO
INH25030
INH25040
INHZSOSO
INH25060
INH25070
INHZSOBO
INH25090
INHZSIOO
INHZSIIO
INHZSIZO

 

 

APPENDIX B

EXAMPLES OF INTERMEDIATE COMPARISON GRAPHS

126

 

9..

9.0-

1’.” ”PA'W‘QJ‘mml-uffiflc‘llflf “’Epflfmifl q...

 

APPENDIX B
EXAMPLES OF INTERMEDIATE COMPARISON GRAPHS

com-mum 0F RCTURL V8 NWT!!! WILLIS

(JO
H1
I—d
CD

LRT ION

GI

 

1.. tion tion

Figure 8.1.

T

nice man than a... then dun than than

TIN? INTERN:

An example of a comparison graph used for evaiuation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the incoming air
dry-buib temperature as used in the mode] was in fact
equal to that of the coIiected data.

127

l28

OHPRBISUN OF RCTUAL V3 SIMULATED VHLUES

up..-

9.0.

q.” vegan Ringling}; or gantugfln 05355" a."

SI

GI

lpm

..

:4

CD

LRTION

 

 

1.00 tion LN I'm in III‘ITE "was than than than ilmn than

Figure 8.2. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the incoming
air dewpoint temperature as used in the model was in
fact equal to that of the collected data.

 

a,"

gquoxqfignnomgt Ingram .mi. Lloi‘tcn Law-10".,“

129

CUNPMISON 8F BC‘IURL V3 SIHUUITED VRLUES

 

 

uni
33m“ mu
8
. ' ' ' . a.» than than in than
on 1.00 no 0.” u- finlg "saw.” this
Figure 8.3. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation

during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the incoming

air humidity ratio was in fact equal to that of the

collected data.

 

I l.“

mu»

”annuagocnreaaune $910355 ntg’ggontg’aJ;

up."

 
   

l30

’ OHPMISGN BF RCTUBL VS SIMULflTED VOLUES

3 gIIlDLsnau

 

 

.oo in (no sin in IT"? maggot” than t... than to d.” in

Figure 8.4. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during verification of the simulation model with the
measured data. This graph showed that the outgoing
air dry—bulb temperature as calculated by the simula-
tion model follows very closely to the measured value.

 

9... "RSI!" “NF“III'EE.” 8219""§,.fl" ”5335" In... I ....

up...

131

COMPARISON OF flCTUflL V9 SIMULATED VRLUES

B
2-1

I EDITION

GI
u

 

 

9!.”

If” 100 Tue 0.. than dun in in

Figure 8.5. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that the outgoing
air dewpoint temperature as calculated by the simula-
tion model follows very closely to the measured value.

 

4

I8

T32

.OIIPRMSCN OF 3070K V3 ”MED V

gm

0, to

1"“ off!" ”52‘1"" 'ifin'” a,"

,I

 

mI‘TIDITJI‘rTIO.£8F GU

uni
3 sxnfiumou

0,10

 

 

'I.» (.0- du 0'... 01-: “I‘m? miniolnns may a... that al.-n in than

Figure 8.6. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that the humidity
ratio of the outgoing air as calculated by the simula-
tion model follows very closely to the measured value.

 

I33

COHPMISOI OF flC‘I'UBL V3 SIMTED "was

n1
3 Hlfilflm

 

J'JNCUIIJII‘IY auggymaxacunumggv mug DIF‘EENCE'OATS NZhOIJCfl Lg” ”I‘D" 9.

 

———' 1 I v
.a an no can 3.00 IIITE “will: in 1b.. 11.0 6.00 to to

Figure 8.7. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that incoming air and
outgoing air humidity ratio difference was greater for
the measured data than as calculated by the simulation
model for all but two hours of the day.

 

 

T34

CWMISOI 8F RCTURL V3 SIWTED VALUES

1
g sxnflumou

 

also LII 02-: tion “II!” "was Rm 0.. that In In in

Figure B.8. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that the air flow
through the poultry house as calculated by the simula-
tion model follows very closely to the measured value.

 

135

@3180! or scum. '3 31mm. mots
. V-.......II-.J.a!'ou.mtom...

14-3....
. r—«M.mm..n

 

 

"was wuss. augm- ..

   

 

 

‘ T ' ' . I. a. ... h... a... i... d...
.. .... I... .... .... “'imc‘i‘u an a 1

Figure 8.9. An example of a comparison graph used for evaluation
during the verification of the simulation model with
measured data. This graph showed that the evaporation
from the poultry house during one hour as calculated by
the simulation model followed the same trend as that
which was calculated from measured data. The two curves
result from curvilinear regression calculations based on
the two separate sets of data.

 

 

APPENDIX C

VERIFICATION MANAGEMENT FACTOR, DESIGN,
AND INPUT VALUES

136

 

APPENDIX C

VERIFICATION MANAGEMENT FACTOR, DESIGN,

AND INPUT VALUES

Table 0.1. Management factor, design, and input values as used for

verifying the model with data collected August 12, 1974.

 

BUILDING:
LENGTH. FT
NIDTH. FT

CEILING HEIGHT. FT
INSULRTION-NRLLS, HR-F-SD FT/BTU
INSULRTION—CEILING, HR—F-SD FT/BTU
LIGHTING HERT. BTU/HR

LRYING HENS:
NUMBER OF HENS
HEN HEIGHT, LBS
BODY TEMPERRTURE, F
EXCRETR MOISTURE CONTENT, Z
EXCRETR DISTRIBUTION FRCTOR
SPECIFIC HERT OF MRNURE, BTU/LB-F
EXCRETR PRODUCTION RRTE. LBS/HEN-DRY

VENTILRTION:
INSIDE DESIGNISET) TEMPERRTURE. F
MRXIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM
MINIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM
INITIRL SLRB TEMPERRTURE, F

NERTHER:
RTMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, PSI
RVERRGE OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F
OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE RRNGE. F
CRITICRL LON OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F

SIMULRTION DETRILS:
TIME INCREMENT—DT, HOURS
STRRTING TIME, CLOCK HOURS
LENGTH OF RUN. HOURS
SLRB INDEX
LIGHTING INDEX

92.
38.
8.
1H.
23.
32u2.

5239.
U.
107.
80.
D.

D.

D.

58.
20u21.
5408.
Q2.

1%.
37.
25.
38.

00
3M
01
89

 

T37

 

T38

Table C.2. Management factor, design, and input values as used for
verifying the model with data collected August l3, l974.

 

BUILDING:
LENGTH, FT
WIDTH. FT

CEILING HEIGHT, FT
INSULRTION—NRLLS. HR—F-SO FT/BTU
INSULRTION—CEILING, HR—F—SO FT/BTU
LIGHTING HERT, BTU/HR

LRYING HENS:
NUMBER OF HENS
HEN HEIGHT. LBS
BODY TEMPERRTURE. F
EXCRETR MOISTURE CONTENT. Z
EXCRETR DISTRIBUTION FRCTOR
SPECIFIC HERT OF MRNURE. BTU/LB—F
EXCRETR PRODUCTION RRTE. LBS/HEN—DRY

VENTILRTION:
INSIDE DESIGNISET] TEMPERRTURE, F
MRXIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM
MINIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM
INITIRL SLRB TEMPERRTURE. F

NERTHER:
RTMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, PSI
RVERRGE OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE, F
OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE RRNGE. F
CRITICRL LON OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE, F

SIMULRTION DETRILS:
TIME INCREMENT-DT, HOURS
STRRTING TIME, CLOCK HOURS
LENGTH OF RUN. HOURS
SLRB INDEX
LIGHTING INDEX

92.25
38.00
8.25
14.11
23.88
3242.35

5237.00
4.25
107.10
80.00
0.04
0.87
0.27

58.00
20421.34
5408.01
43.02

14.29
38.02
18.12
38.32

1.00
0.0
24.00
1

1.00

 

 

 

139

Table C.3. Management factor, design, and input values as used for

verifying the model with data collected August 20, l974.

 

BUILDING:
LENGTH. FT 92.25
NIDTH. FT 38.00
CEILING HEIGHT, FT 8.25
INSULRTION—NRLLS, HR-F-SO FT/BTU 14.11
INSULRTION-CEILING. HR-F—SO FT/BTU 23.88
LIGHTING HERT. BTU/HR 3242.35
LRYING HENS:
NUMBER OF HENS 5222.00
HEN HEIGHT. LBS 4.25
BODY TEMPERRTURE. F 107.10
EXCRETR MOISTURE CONTENT. X 80.00
EXCRETR DISTRIBUTION FRCTOR 0.04
SPECIFIC HERT OF MRNURE. BTU/LB-F 0.87
EXCRETR PRODUCTION RRTE, LBS/HEN—DRY 0.27
VENTILRTION:
INSIDE DESIGNISETJ TEMPERRTURE. F 58.00
MRXIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM 20421.34
MINIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM 5408.01
INITIRL SLRB TEMPERRTURE. F 43.58
NERTHER:
RTMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. PSI 14.34
RVERRGE OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F 38.58
OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE RRNGE. F 31.85
CRITICRL LON OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F 38.44
SIMULRTION DETRILS:
TIME INCREMENT-DT. HOURS 1.00
STRRTING TIME, CLOCK HOURS 0.0
LENGTH OF RUN. HOURS 24.00

SLRB INDEX

LIGHTING INDEX 1-

 

140

Table C.4. Management factor, design, and input values as used for
verifying the model with data collected January 6, 1975.

 

BUILDING:
LENGTH, FT 92.25
NIDTH. FT 38.00
CEILING HEIGHT, FT 8.25
INSULRTION—NRLLS, HR—F-SO FT/BTU 14.11
INSULRTION—CEILING. HR—F-SO FT/BTU 23.88
LIGHTING HERT. BTU/HR 3242.35
LRYING HENS:
NUMBER OF HENS 4944.00
HEN HEIGHT. LBS 4.25
BODY TEMPERRTURE. F 107.10
EXCRETR MOISTURE CONTENT. X 80.00
EXCRETR DISTRIBUTION FRCTOR 0.04
SPECIFIC HERT OF MRNURE. BTU/LB-F 0.87
EXCRETR PRODUCTION RRTE. LBS/HEN-DRY 0.27
VENTILRTION:
INSIDE DESIGNISET) TEMPERRTURE. F 58.00
MRXIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM 20421.34
MINIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE, CFM 8708.75
INITIRL SLRB TEMPERRTURE. F 23.45
NERTHER:
RTMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. PSI 14.23
HVERRGE OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F 18.45
OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE RRNGE. F 10.37
CRITICRL LON OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F 40.85
SIMULRTION DETRILS:
TIME INCREMENT—DT, HOURS 1.00
STRRTING TIME. CLOCK HOURS 0.0
LENGTH OF RUN. HOURS 24.00
SLRB INDEX 1

LIGHTING INDEX 1.00

 

 

TM

Table C.5. Management factor, design, and input values as used for

verifying the model with data collected January 7, l975.

 

BUILDING:
LENGTH. FT
NIDTH, FT

CEILING HEIGHT. FT
INSULRTION-NRLLS, HR-F-SO FT/BTU
INSULRTION-CEILING, HR—F-SQ FT/BTU
LIGHTING HERT. BTU/HR

LRYING HENS:
NUMBER OF HENS
HEN HEIGHT. LBS
BODY TEMPERRTURE. F
EXCRETR MOISTURE CONTENT, Z
EXCRETR DISTRIBUTION FRCTOR
SPECIFIC HERT OF MRNURE, BTU/LB—F
EXCRETR PRODUCTION RRTE, LBS/HEN—DRT

VENTILRTION:
INSIDE DESIGNISET) TEMPERRTURE. F
MRXIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM
MINIMUM VENTILRTING RRTE. CFM
INITIRL SLRB TEMPERRTURE. F

NERTHER:
RTMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. PSI
RVERRGE OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE. F
OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE RRNGE, F
CRITICRL LON OUTSIDE TEMPERRTURE, F

SIMULRTION DETRILS:
TIME INCREMENT—DT, HOURS
STRRTING TIME, CLOCK HOURS
LENGTH OF RUN. HOURS
SLRB INDEX
LIGHTING INDEX

92.
38.

14.

3242.

4942.

107.
80.

58.
20421.
8813.
23.

14.
18.
12.
40.

an:

00
34
87
48

25

42
87

.00

00

.00

 

 

 

LIST OF REFERENCES

T42

LIST OF REFERENCES

ASHRAE Guide and Data Book, l965. American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air—Conditioning Engineers, New York, N.Y.
880 pp.

 

Bakker-Arkema, F. W., and L. E. Lerew, T972. A psychrometric
package. Mimeo: Agricultural Engineering Department, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

Bressler, G. 0., and E. L. Bergman, l97l. Solving the poultry
manure problem economically through dehydration. Proceedings
International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State Uni—
versity. ASAE Publication PROC-270: 81-84.

Davis, E. G., I. L. Field, and J. H. Brown, l972. Combustion dis-
posed of manure wastes and utilization of the residue. United
States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Solid Wastes
Research Program Technical Progress Report 46.

Dixon, J. E., J. B. Gerrish, T. S. Chang, C. J. Flegal, C. C. Sheppard,
and H. C. Zindel, l976a. Poultry environment system model for
drying manure. ASAE paper 76-4039, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.

Dixon, J. E., G. D. Wells, and M. L. Esmay, l976b. Convective heat
transfer coefficient for poultry manure. ASAE paper 76-451l,
ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.

Dixon, J. E., G. D. Wells, and M. L. Esmay, l978. Convective heat
transfer coefficient for poultry excreta. Transactions of the
ASAE 2l(3):534—536.

Erickson, A. E., J. M. Tiedje, B. G. Ellis, and C. M. Hanson, l97l.
A barriered landscape water renovation system for removing
phosphate and nitrogen from liquid feedlot waste. Proceedings
International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State Univer-
sity, ASAE Publication PROC-27l: 232-234.

Esmay, M. L., T969. Principles 9f Animal Environment. AVI Publish-
ing Co., Westport, Conn. 325 pp.

Esmay, M. L., C. J. Flegal, J. B. Gerrish, J. E. Dixon, C. C. Sheppard,
H. C. Zindel, and T. S. Chang, l975a. Poultry manure dehydration
by air-drying and machine in a caged-layer house handling system.
Research Report No. 269, Agricultural Experiment Station, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, pp. 2—l4.

T43

 

T44

Esmay, M. L., C. J. Flegal, J. B. Gerrish, J. E. Dixon, C. C. Sheppard,
H. C. Zindel, and T. S. Chang, l975b. In-house handling and
dehydration of poultry manure from caged-layer operations: A
project review. Proceedings Third International Symposium on
Livestock Waste, University of Illinois, ASAE Publication PROC—
275: 468-473, 477.

Flegal, C. J., M. L. Esmay, J. B. Gerrish, J. E. Dixon, C. C. Sheppard,
H. C. Zindel, and T. S. Chang, T974. A complete system for col-
lecting, handling, air-drying and machine dehydration of poultry
manure in a caged-layer production unit. Cornell Agricultural
Waste Management Conference Proceedings, Rochester, New York,
March 25-27, Pp. 122-T3T.

Forsht, R. Gar, C. R. Burbee, and W. M. Crosswhite, T974. Recycling
poultry waste as a feed: Will it pay? Agricultural Economic
Report 254. Economic Research Service, United States Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 5lpp.

Gerrish, J. B., J. E. Dixon, M. L. Esmay, G. H. Quebe, C. J. Flegal,
C. C. Sheppard, and H. C. Zindel, 1973. Engineering aspects of
handling and dehydrating poultry excreta: A progress report.
ASAE Paper 73-4560. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.

Holman, J. P., T963. Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.,
New York, N.Y. 289 pp.

Hummel, J. W., and G. B. Willson, l975. High—rate mechanized com—
posting of dairy manure. Proceedings Third International
Symposium on Livestock Wastes, University of Illinois, ASAE
Publication PROC-275: 48T-484.

Lampman, C. E., J. E. Dixon, C. F. Petersen, and R. E. Black, T967.
Environmental control for poultry housing. Idaho Agricultural
Experiment Station Bulletin 456, University of Idaho, Moscow,
Idaho. 27 pp.

Llewellyn, R. W., T965. Fordyn--An_Industrial Dynamics Simulator.
Privately published by R. W. Llewellyn, Box 5353, Raleigh,
North Carolina. l50 pp.

Longhouse, A. D., H. Ota, and W. Ashby, T960. Heat and moisture
design data for poultry housing. Agricultural Engineering 4T:
567-576.

Ludington, D. C., T963. Dehydration and incineration of poultry
manure. Proceedings National Symposium on Poultry Waste Manage-
ment. May T3—T5.

 

T45

Miner, J. R., and R. J. Smith, T975. Livestock Waste Management
with Pollution Control. Northcentral Regional Research Publi-
cation 222, Midwest Plan Service, Ames, Iowa, June. 89 pp.

Oheimb, Rainer A. von, and A. D. Longhouse, T974. Partial drying
of poultry manure using in-house air. West Virginia Univer-
sity Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 633T, Morgantown.
l6pp.

Ota, H., and E. H. McNalTy, l96l. Poultry respiration calorimetric
studies of laying hens--single comb white Teghorns, Rhode
Island reds, and New Hampshire X Cornish Cross. United States
Department of Agriculture ARS 42-43. 34 pp.

Perry, Robert H., and Cecil H. Chilton, T963. Chemical Engineers'
Handbook. 4th edition. McGraw—Hill Book Company, New York.
T663 pp. -

Perry, Robert H., and Cecil H. Chilton, T973. Chemical Engineers'
Handbook. 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
T962 pp.

Phillips, R. E., T970. A systems analysis of summer environment
for laying hens. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Agricultural Engi-
neering Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
Michigan.

Sheppard, C. C., C. J. Flegal, M. L. Esmay, J. B. Gerrish, J. E.
Dixon, H. C. Zindel, and T. S. Chang, l974. A complete system
for collecting, handling, air-drying and machine dehydration
of poultry manure in a caged-layer production unit. XV World's
Poultry Congress, New Orleans, LA., June.

Singley, M. E., Martin Decker, and S. J. Toth, l975. Composting
of swine waste. Proceedings Third International Symposium on
Livestock Wastes, University of Illinois, ASAE Publication
PROC-275: 492-496.

Smith, E. S., Meyer Salkover, and H. K. Justice, T947. Unified
Calculus. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 534 pp.

Sobel, A. T., T972. Undercage drying of laying hen manure. Pro-
ceedings of the T972 Cornell Agricultural Waste Management
Conference, pp. l87—200.

Structures and Environment Handbook, T975. Midwest Plan Service,
MWPS T, Ames, Iowa. 4T2 pp.

 

Surbrook, T. C., T969. Evaluation of an animal excreta dryer.
Unpublished MS Thesis, Agricultural Engineering Department,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

 

T46

Surbrook, T. C., C. C. Sheppard, J. W. Boyd, H. C. Zindel, and
C. J. Flegal, T97T. Drying poultry waste. Proceedings Inter-
national Symposium on Livestock Wastes, Ohio State University.
ASAE Publication PROC-27T, pp. T92-T94.

Weast, Robert C., T970. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 5Tst
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