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Evaluating The Performance of Distrubed Lysimeters Using an
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EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF DISTURBED LYSIMETERS USING AN
UNDISTURBED LYSIMETER AS A CONTROL

By

Kevin John Kalmbach

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulﬁllment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

Department of Agricultural Engineering

1995

ABSTRACT
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF DISTURBED LYSIIVIETERS USING AN
UNDISTURBED LYSIMETER AS A CONTROL

By

O Kevin John Kalmbach

Drainage rate and volume from each of four disturbed soil proﬁle lysimeters were
compared to that of the other three lysimeters. Drainage from the disturbed lysimeters
was also compared to an undisturbed soil proﬁle lysimeter. The ﬁve lysimeters were also
used to evaluate leachate from four nitrate fertilizer schemes used on a seed corn crop.

During the study, the four disturbed lysimeters went through ﬁve years of
" settling" during which signiﬁcant differences did exist in drainage rate and nitrate
concentrations between them and the undisturbed lysimeter. The differences became less
as the project progressed. No signiﬁcant differences could be found among drainage rates
or volumes in 1993.

Investigation of the nitrogen fertilizer treatments showed that lower nitrogen
application rates result in lower amounts of nitrate in leachate. Grain yield from a plant
response fertilization treatment and the 101 kg N/ha treatment both showed no signiﬁcant

difference when compared to a 202 kg N/ha treatment.

To my best friend, whom I am lucky to have as a wife, Tina.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 1
OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 4
LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 5
TYPES OF LYSIMETERS ............................................................................................. 5
DISTURBED VERSUS UNDISTURBED LYSIMETERS ............................................ 7
DRAINAGE IN LYSIMETERS ...................................................................................... 9
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS FOR LYSIMETERS ............................................................. 11
DRAINAGE MEASURING DEVICES ........................................................................ l3
TECHNIQUES FOR FILLING DISTURBED LYSIMETERS .................................... l3
TECHNIQUES FOR ENCASING UNDISTURBED SOIL MONOLITHS ................. 14
NITROGEN FLOW THROUGH SANDY SOILS ....................................................... l6
LITERATURE ON PIONEER PROJECT .................................................................... 18
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 20
UNDISTURBED LYSIMETER .................................................................................... 24
DISTURBED LYSIMETER .......................................................................................... 29
FIELD PRACTICES ................................................................ .. ..................................... 31

iv

SAMPLING SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 39

LEACHATE TESTING PROCEDURE ........................................................................ 45
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 45
RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 46
COLLECTION OF DRAINAGE DATA ...................................................................... 46
EVALUATION OF DRAINAGE RATES .................................................................... 49
COMPARISON OF NITRATE FLUX WITHIN LYSIMETERS ................................ 74
RESULTS OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE AND TIMING ........................... 83
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................... 92
CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................ 99
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 100
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. 103
APPENDIX A. Lysimeter drainage volumes ..................................................... 103
APPENDDC B. Daily Precipitation and Irrigation .............................................. 143
APPENDD( C. Drainage sample volumes and nitrate concentration data ......... 179

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. TYPICAL SOIL PROFILES OF LYSIMETER AREAS .................................................... 27
TABLE 2. FIELD PRACTICES AT MSU PLOTS IN CONSTANTINE, MICHIGAN. ....................... 35
TABLE 3. DESCRIPTION OF CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. WEATHER STATION SENSORS. ..... 39
TABLE 4. TIPPING BUCKET CALIBRATION VOLUMES. .......................................................... 47

TABLE 5. DATES FOR WHICH No AUTOMATED DATA WERE AVAILABLE .............................. 48

TABLE 6. DRAINAGE FROM INDIVIDUAL LYSIMETERS DURING THE DRAINAGE EVENT WHICH
BEGAN NOVEMBER 4, 1990. ........................................................................................ 52

TABLE 7. VALUES OF T FROM STUDENT'S T-TEST COMPARING DAILY CUMULATIVE
DRAINAGE BETWEEN DISTURBED LYSIMETERS FOR EACH YEAR ................................... 57

TABLE 8. CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE MAY 1 To APRIL 30. ................................................... 61

TABLE 9. STUDENT'S T-TEST RESULTS COMPARING DAILY DRAINAGE FROM EACH OF THE
FOUR DISTURBED LYSIMETERS To THE UNDISTURBED LYSIMETER. .............................. 61

TABLE 10. ET VALUES FOR 1991 AND 1992. ..................................................................... 70

TABLE 11. STUDENT'S T-TEST RESULTS FOR NITRATE VALUES FOUND IN LEACHATE FROM
LYSIMETER #3 (UNDISTURBED) AND LYSIMETER #5 (DISTURBED). {a = 0.10} .......... 82

TABLE 12. SOIL-PLANT NITROGEN BALANCE FOR THE PERIOD OF MAY 1, 1990 To APRIL
31, 1994 ...................................................................................................................... 83

TABLE 13. YIELD TAKEN AT HARVEST FOR INBRED 2. ........................................................ 91

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
FIGURE 1. SIDE VIEW OF LYSIMETER CASING AND ACCESS CHAMBER ................................. 22
FIGURE 2. TOP VIEW OF LYSIMETER CASING AND ACCESS CHAMBER .................................. 23
FIGURE 3. DIAGRAM OF PIVOT POINTS FOR THE LYSIMETER CONTAINER. ........................... 28
FIGURE 4. DIAGRAM OF PLOT TREATMENTS AND LOCATION. ............................................. 33
FIGURE 5. TIPPING BUCKET ASSEMBLY. ............................................................................. 42
FIGURE 6. SAMPLING SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAM ................................................................ 43
FIGURE 7. SAMPLING PROGRAM FLOW CHART .................................................................... 44

FIGURE 8. DRAINAGE PRODUCED BY "BIG STORM" EVENT ON 10-30-89 AND 10-31-89. ...51

FIGURE 9. CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE MAY 1, 1992 THROUGH APRIL 30, 1993. .................. 53
FIGURE 10. DRAINAGE RATES FROM A SINGULAR DRAINAGE EVENT ............................... 54
FIGURE 11. CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE FOR 1991 THROUGH 1993 LEACHING YEARS. ........... 59
FIGURE 12. DRAINAGE EVENTS, SPRING OF 1990. .............................................................. 63
FIGURE 13. DRAINAGE EVENTS, FALL OF 1991. ................................................................. 64
FIGURE 14. SINGLE DRAINAGE EVENT, JUNE OF 1993. ....................................................... 65

FIGURE 15. COMPARISON OF 1991 CUMULATIVE MEASURED DRAINAGE AND CUMULATIVE
CALCULATED .............................................................................................................. 68

FIGURE 16. COMPARISON OF 1992 CUMULATIVE MEASURED DRAINAGE AND CUMULATIVE
CALCULATED DRAINAGE. ............................................................................................ 69

Vii

FIGURE 17. GRAPH OF CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE AND CUMULATIVE PRECIPITATION, BY
YEAR. .......................................................................................................................... 72

FIGURE 18. EVENT DRAINAGE EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE EVENT’S
PRECIPITATION. ........................................................................................................... 73

FIGURE 19. YEARLY CUMULATIVE NITRATE LOAD FROM LYSIMETERS 3 AND 5 EACH
RECEIva 202 KG N/HA ............................................................................................. 76

FIGURE 20. AVERAGED NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN LEACHATE FROM DISTURBED
AND UNDISTURBED LYSIMETERS RECEIVING 202 KG/HA N PER YEAR .......................... 77

FIGURE 21. N CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN DRAINAGE FROM THE UNDISTURBED
LYSIMETER(#3). .......................................................................................................... 79

FIGURE 22. N CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN DRAINAGE FROM THE DISTURBED LYSIMETER
(#5). ............................................................................................................................ 80

FIGURE 23. YEARLY CUMULATIVE NITRATE LOAD FOR ALL FIVE TREATMENTS (ALL FIVE
LYSIMETERs). .............................................................................................................. 85

FIGURE 24. NITRATE LOAD PLOTTED AGAINST CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE FOR 5-1-92
THROUGH 4-3 0-93 ....................................................................................................... 87

FIGURE 25. NITRATE LOAD PLOTTED AGAINST CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE FOR 5-1-93
THROUGH 4-30-94 ....................................................................................................... 88

FIGURE 26. PERCENTAGE OF DRAINAGE SAMPLES TESTING BELOW 10 PPM NITRATE (5-92
T0 8-94). ..................................................................................................................... 90

FIGURE 27. YIELD AND 90% CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR 1990, 1991, 1992 & 1993
GRAIN HARVESTS. ....................................................................................................... 90

viii

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

Over the last century many technological advances have improved agriculture.
Heavy machinery and a cheap supply of fertilizer have made it easier for a Single farmer
to farm more land than ever before. Coupled with advances in technology is the
responsibility for the care of the Earth's other precious resources which mandate a change
in management practices.

The most precious of the resources our Earth has to offer is water. Water is
utilized by every living organism to survive. Unfortunately, some of our current
agricultural practices might be harming the quality of our ground water resources. In an
effort to understand the impact our agriculture has on ground water, a device called a
lysimeter is being used by many agricultural scientists.

A lysimeter is an enclosed block of soil with a drain at the bottom. From this
drain, all the water that passes through the soil block can be collected, measured and
tested to see what has been added to it in the soil environment. The soil at the top of a
lysimeter is normally cropped to simulate real crop soil conditions. Lysimeters can be
small and kept in a greenhouse on a bench, or, like the lysimeters at Pioneer Hi-Bred
International, Inc. seed corn facility in Constantine, Michigan, can be very large and are

installed directly into a farm ﬁeld with a crop grown on top of it.

2
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. has a hybrid seed corn production plant in

Constantine Michigan. The seed corn industry has become very important to St. Joseph
County and other parts of southwest Michigan and northwest Indiana because of a
favorable climate, abundant irrigation water, and soils that are predominately sandy loam
and sands. These well-drained soils allow trafﬁc over the ﬁeld most of the season,
regardless of the weather.

Historically, farmers apply enough nitrogen fertilizer to make sure that the crop
has an abundant supply of nitrogen to have a bountiful harvest. Seed producers in St.
Joseph County also utilize irrigation as a supplement to precipitation to ensure that their
crop will not suffer from a depleted water supply.

For a number of years prior to the start of this project, the village of Constantine's
water supply was tested for nitrogen, among other pollutants. The water supply was
found to exceed the Public Health Standard of 10 parts per million nitrate-nitrogen. This
raised concern about nitrate in ground water, particularly under seed corn growing areas.
In response to this public concern, researchers at Michigan State University and at
Pioneer acknowledged the need to study nitrogen management strategies and seek ways
to minimize nitrate leaching in seed corn production areas like St. Joseph County. The
researchers decided that to be able to provide growers information on an alternative
nitrogen (N) fertilizer strategy, research would need to be conducted to identify best
management practices to minimize leaching. The goal of this research was to develop
management strategies for producing a quality product with acceptable proﬁtability and

at minimum risk to the environment. An equally important goal was to develop a

3
computerized simulation model for inbred seed corn production. One such model is

CERES-1M. Martin (1992) discusses the CERES-1M model and the changes made to
adapt the CERES-MAIZE model to production seed corn ﬁelds. This model is essential
to make decisions in ﬁnding N management strategies to reduce leaching and maintain
proﬁtability over multiple years.

Five large lysimeters were installed in Constantine, Michigan in seed corn plots to
assist in the research. Each lysimeter spans ﬁve rows of seed corn and is 2.3 meters deep
with a drain underneath.

One of these ﬁve lysimeters was constructed around an undisturbed block of soil.
The other four lysimeters contain disturbed soil proﬁles, ﬁlled one soil horizon at a time
making sure the density was the same as when the soil was excavated. It is commonly
believed that an undisturbed soil proﬁle lysimeter is the preferred type to build, but they
cost more and take much more time and equipment to install.

Kohnke et al (1940) in a review of lysimeter research stated that:

In the ﬁlled-in lysimeters it is ﬁ'equently noticed that in the ﬁrst year or two the

nitrate content of the percolate is rather high, but afterwards it decreases to very

low rates.
They explain this phenomenon as a result of an increased number of macropores in
recently disturbed soils of all types which tend to make conditions favorable for
nitriﬁcation. It is assumed that these macropores later slowly close up, resulting in fewer
macropores in the disturbed soil than occur in the natural soil. This later condition is less

favorable for nitriﬁcation because less.

OBJECTIVES

The goal of this research is to determine differences in ﬂow pattern and nitrate
leachate concentration and amount between an undisturbed soil proﬁle lysimeter and

disturbed proﬁle lysimeters installed in a sandy soil.

The speciﬁc objectives of this research were:

1. To determine if signiﬁcant differences have occurred in drainage rate and amount

between the two different types of lysimeters.

2. To determine if signiﬁcant differences have occurred in the transport of nitrogen

in the form of nitrate between the two types of lysimeters.

3. To determine if signiﬁcant differences in nitrate leaching or grain yield have

occurred within four different nitrogen fertilizer treatment schemes.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Lysimeters are deﬁned by Aboukhaled et a1 (1982) as large containers ﬁlled with
soil (or enclosing a soil block) to represent the ﬁeld environment. Lysimeters can have
bare or vegetated surfaces for determining the evapotranspiration a growing crop, a
reference vegetative cover, or evaporation from bare soil. Many other researchers have
recently began using lysimeters to analyze irrigation schemes, ground water recharge and
nitrate and pesticide leaching (Bergstrom, 1987; Dowdell & Webster, 1980; King et al,

1977; Martin et al, 1994; Watts & Martin, 1981; Prunty & Montgomery, 1991).

Types of Lysimeters

Lysimeters have been used as research tools since 1688. The ﬁrst known
lysimeter was built by Philippe De la Hire in Rungis, near Paris, France (Kohnke et al,
1940). These ﬁrst lysimeters were described as being round with lead walls, ﬁlled with
sandy loam soils. One hundred years later, John Dalton built a round lysimeter with
tinned iron walls and ﬁlled it with " good fresh soil". Kohnke has discussed literature
from 1688 up to 1939. Harrold & Dreibelbis (1958) reviewed literature on lysimeters for

the period 1939 to 1955. Later, Harrold et a1 (1967) reviewed literature for the period

6
1955 to 1962. In these reviews, lysimeters were classiﬁed according to their

construction. This yielded three major types;
1. Monolith, or undisturbed soil-block.
2. Ebermayer.
3. Filled in or disturbed.

Aboukhaled et al (1982) categorized lysimeters as "weighing" or "non-weighing".
Weighing refers to scales placed under a disturbed or undisturbed soil block in order to
monitor changes in the mass of the lysimeter soil. This change in mass, over short time
periods like hours or days, is mostly due to changes in water content in the soil.
Monitoring this change hourly helps develop evaporation and transpiration equations and
can also provide a reference ET for evapotranspiration (ET) estimations. This publication
covers many special considerations in the selection, design and operation of lysimeters.
Detailed descriptions of over a dozen lysimeters are discussed.

Monolith, herein called "undisturbed", lysimeters are widely accepted as "natural"
lysimeters because the soil structure is still as it was in nature. Undisturbed lysimeters
are built by encasing a block of soil in an enclosure with a drainage system at the bottom.

Ebermayer lysimeters consist of a plate inserted under an area of soil to catch
vertical drainage. Unlike other lysimeters, Ebermayer lysimeters have no walls to control
horizontal water movement.

Disturbed lysimeters can be built to the same dimensions as the undisturbed

lysimeters. The only difference between the two types of lysimeters is that in the ﬁnal

7
construction of disturbed lysimeters they are ﬁlled, usually by hand, with mixed soil. The

soil structure and pore structure are mostly or totally destroyed during this process.
Bergstrom (1989) detailed the differences between the three major types of
lysimeters; disturbed, undisturbed, and Ebermayer. He also discussed concerns which

must be considered when using lysimeters in pesticide leaching studies.

Disturbed versus Undisturbed Lysimeters

Dowdell and Webster (1980) found higher nitrate in leachate from undisturbed
lysimeters than in leachate from adjoining soils after installing twelve undisturbed
lysimeters in a stone free loamy sand. This increase was presumably caused by the
increased aeration, and subsequent mineralization of soil organic mater associated with
the installation, and from plowing and planting activities. This increase has not
reoccurred in these lysimeters.

Kohnke et a1 (1940), in a broad review of lysimeters, noted that percolate from
various disturbed soils tended to be high in nitrate content for a year or two, then the
nitrate concentration decreased to very low rates.. He suggests that this decrease was due
to aeration caused by stirring and mixing the soil, and also due to more large pore space
which would tend to make conditions favorable for nitriﬁcation. Later these large pores
closed up and nitriﬁcation slowed down. The soil in disturbed lysimeters does not have

cracks and ﬁssures that are found in natural soils. With the natural soil cracks and

8
ﬁssures absent from the lysimeter, the lysimeter will have lower rates of nitriﬁcation than

the natural soil because of reduced aeration.

Aboukhaled et al (1982) remarked that breaking up any soil will change soil
structure, aeration and soil moisture retention characteristics, leading to differences in soil
water tension and soil water movement as well as differences in soil heat flux. Black et al
(1968) showed that the temperatures in lysimeters placed in Plainﬁeld sand were higher
than that in the surrounding natural soils. This would imply that in winter months less
water would be kept ﬁozen in the soil. Also, warmer temperatures could increase
nitriﬁcation and other microbial activities.

Aboukhaled et al (1982) also found what he called contradictory results among
various reported research. Some researchers reported better growth on their disturbed
lysimeters than found in the surrounding ﬁeld. Other researchers reported poorer growth
on disturbed lysimeters. It was suggested that most of the discrepancies found between
lysimeter plots and ﬁeld plots result ﬁ'om treating the two plots differently. Aboulchaled
believes that both disturbed and undisturbed lysimeters will mimic the natural soil
evapotranspiration (ET) characteristics if the water content of the soil in the lysimeter is
kept high and the same done for the entire surrounding research ﬁeld. He also suggested
that deep plowing or subsoiling of the rest of the border area and ﬁeld plots will break up
the soil and will yield more reliable data.

Some research has been done to speciﬁcally investigate the effects of disturbing a
soil proﬁle. McMahon and Thomas (1974) investigated chloride ﬂow through disturbed

and undisturbed soil cores containing silt loams and silty clay loams. They found that

9
chloride movement was deeper in undisturbed cores than in disturbed cores. They

concluded that ped structure inﬂuences ion, chloride and nitrogen, ﬂow as well as water
ﬂow. The water ﬂowed predominantly through macropores and carried ions with it.
Some ions were carried deep into the soil. They give no indication of rates of water
ﬂows.

Cassel et. al. (1974) investigated two loamy soils in disturbed and undisturbed soil
cores representing moderate and strong soil structure. Their investigations Showed that,
under experimental conditions, more water is required to displace a given quantity of
N03 through a disturbed proﬁle compared to that for an undisturbed proﬁle. They also
found that disturbed soils can have a capacity to hold more water than undisturbed soils.

Bergstrom (1987) conducted an experiment in which tile drained plots were
compared to lysimeter drainage. The soil proﬁle consisted of four layers; a topsoil layer
consisting of clay loam, a ﬁne sand layer, an oxidized clay layer, and then a non oxidized
clay layer. He found that water moved faster through disturbed soils in both cases. The

greatest differences between disturbed and undisturbed soils occurred during dry periods.

Drainage in Lysimeters

Dreibelbis (1961) compared the moisture content of various soil layers within
undisturbed monolith lysimeters to that of the surrounding watershed. He found that

even in large, undisturbed lysimeters (3 lysimeters 2.4 m in depth with a 0.005 ha (0.002

10
acre) surface area) the moisture content is different in the lysimeter than that of the

surrounding watershed. These lysimeters were in ﬁne textured soils classiﬁed as
Muskingum and Keene silt loams (Coshocton OH). In all the cases studied, the lysimeter
contained more water than the watershed when the moisture content was high. When the
soil drained and the moisture content lowered, the lysimeters contained less water than
the watershed. When ﬁlled with Keene silt loam, the lysimeter and its watershed area
agreed best among all proﬁles when around 30 mm of water was in the 0 - 0.13 m proﬁle.
He stated that the presence of any restricting layers in the natural soil or natural variations
in soil type will cause a difference in soil water content between lysimeters and
watersheds.

A study of the conditions in four disturbed lysimeters located across the state of
Oklahoma has supported Dreibelbis' ﬁndings that the moisture content is different inside
the lysimeter than it is in the surrounding soil ( Fisher and Elliot, 1994). These lysimeters
are 1.5 m deep with a surface area of 0.95 m2. The lysimeters were ﬁlled with multiple
0.3 - 0.4 m deep "soil blocks" cut from the soil with a ﬂat spade. The soils used at the
various sites included Silt loarns, a clay loam and a silty clay loam. A drain pipe was laid
in the bottom of the. lysimeter and covered with gravel and then a 50 mm deep layer of
sand. This study found that the moisture in the semi-undisturbed lysimeters was
generally lower than that in the natural ﬁeld.

Macropores provide an easily accessible pathway for water to travel from the
surface into the ground water. These pores are produced by soil fauna (such as worms,

moles, gophers and wombats), live or decayed plant roots, cracks and ﬁssures, and

11
natural soil pipes formed by subsurface ﬂow of water (Beven and Germann, 1982).

Macropore ﬂow interacts with other soil water only to a limited extent. More mixing can
be assumed with small precipitation events than with larger events (Thomas and Phillips,

1979).

Drainage Systems for Lysimeters

The reason researchers have contained soil in lysimeters is to conﬁne the water to
a known area of inﬂuence. The water in the lysimeter will percolate down to the bottom
of the lysimeter from where it is then removed. There are two ways to remove the water:
either provide an area for water to accumulate and allow free drainage into this area, or
install a suction device at the bottom of the lysimeter to remove water from the soil.

Suction can be achieved as simply as placing porous suction cups at the level in
the soil where suction is desired (Brown et al, 1985). Suction created when the water is
pumped out of these cups and a partial vacuum results causing water in the soil to enter
the cup. Porous plates can also be used in the same fashion (Ritchie & Burnett, 1968).
Black et a1 (1968) applied suction to a network of porous cups which was placed under a
network of weighing lysimeters and electronically controlled. Black found that a suction
of 200 - 300 mm of water was sufﬁcient to stop abnormal water accumulation at the

bottom of a lysimeters containing Plainﬁeld sand.

12
Free drainage lysimeters usually have a layer of gravel or other porous media at

the bottom to allow free water to have relatively unobstructed ﬂow to a drain or sampling
line. This gravel is sometimes separated ﬁ'om the overlying soil by a geosynthetic fabric
to keep the two from mixing. Distrubed lysimeters have been made with drain tile laid
along the bottom of a lined trench (Bergstrom, 1987). In other lysimeters Bergstrom left
water in the gravel layer under undisturbed monoliths and pumped this water out weekly.
Some of the lysimeters in Coshocton, Ohio drain freely (Garstka, 193 7). These early
lysimeters had surface runoff collectors to collect water which did not percolate through
the soil.

Litaor (1988) has reviewed different ways to collect soil water. These collection
devices are called "soil solution samplers". Litaor exposes what he calls "contradictory
results" between data obtained from suction and free drainage. Some sampling
techniques such as free draining of lysimeters may predominantly collect water from
macropores. Whereas suction collection devices installed at the bottom of a lysimeter
might draw water out of the soil micropores which would not normally drain in natural
conditions. In his paper he concludes with a cautionary note stating;

"The user should realize that the composition and concentrations of soil solutions

are not homogeneous and solute concentrations ﬁom macropores are probably

ditﬁrentﬁ'om that collected ﬁom micropores. "

13
Drainage Measuring Devices

The most straight forward method of sampling is letting the drainage collect and
then pumping the water out and measuring this volume of water (Black et al, 1968;
Martin et. al., 1994), or determining the weight of the water (Bergstrom, 1987). Garstka
(193 7) reported that the original lysimeters in Coshocton, Ohio were free draining into a
reservoir. The level of water in the reservoir was then recorded on a chart recorder
through the use of ﬂoats and ﬂoat position transmitters.

Remote ﬁeld locations and projects requiring hourly data require data loggers
(small computers capable of recording data and operating electrical switches) to monitor
lysimeter ﬂow and possibly collect data. London et. a1. (1991) developed a sampling
system and used it to monitor 2 to 5 lysimeters, monitor a weather station, pump out the

lysimeter and collect multiple samples. (also, Martin et. al., 1994)

Techniques For Filling Disturbed Lysimeters

Many small disturbed lysimeters, also called "disturbed soil cores", are ﬁlled with
soil which has been air dried and passed through a 2-mm sieve before being packed into
the lysimeter container (Cassel et. al., 1974). Attention should be given to the location of
the horizons in the original soil and this position kept when the soil is repacked into the

lysimeter (Kohnke et al, 1940; Cassel et. al., 1974; London et. al., 1991). London also

14
suggests that the bulk density of the original undisturbed soil be recorded for comparison

to that of disturbed lysimeters.
Kohnke et a1 (1940) suggests that;
"The heavier the soil and the more mature its proﬁle the greater will be the
disturbance created by digging and replacing, even if an attempt be made to keep
the horizons in their original sequence. "
He also thought that sandy soils with undeveloped soil proﬁles would be less likely to be
affected by removal and replacing into a lysimeter.
On advantage of disturbed lysimeters is that they can be ﬁtted with monitoring
equipment like temperature measuring devices or other monitoring devices during the site

ﬁlling process (Black et al, 1968).

Techniques For Encasing Undisturbed Soil Monoliths

Undisturbed lysimeters encapsulate soil monoliths. The process used in
encapsulating larger monoliths is costly and time consuming. This process usually
involves digging around the soil to be encased and lowering a casing over a soil block or
building an encasement around the soil block. This process was used for the In-Place
lysimeters near Coshocton, Ohio (Garstka, 1937).

Now, with the use of large machinery, soil monoliths can be encapsulated easier

by forcing a casing down over the undisturbed soil monolith. Cylindrical lysimeter

1 5
casings have been made from PVC, ﬁberglass (Belford, 1979) and specially constructed

steel barrels (Brown et al, 1985). All these methods employ some kind of vertical force,
usually exerted by a back hoe bucket, to press the casing over the monolith. Along with
this force, a process of excavating, trimming and pressing is repeated until the casings
were full. These medium sized lysimeters can, after being encased, be moved to a
research site which would be somewhat different than the highly disturbed site where
they were captured.

Many researchers have now accepted this process of pressing a container into the
ground as the "traditional" or accepted approach (Schneider et al, 1993; Loudon, 1991;
Brown et a1, 1974). Each researcher has used slightly different methods to press the
container into the soil and remove it, each suitable for their unique case.

Schneider et a1 (1993) also encapsulated soil by the "traditional" method of
pressing down a casing and undercutting the monolith in order to remove it. Dead weight
was use as the force to press down the casing. This weight was accomplished with water
tanks placed on support members attached to the lysimeter, weight was constantly
increased by the addition of water to the tanks. Schneider then made a disturbed
lysimeter for the lower proﬁle from saturated soil underneath the removed undisturbed
monolith. He ﬁlled the lower tanks with 0.15-m increments of the soil, saturated the soil
and drained the packed soil. His surface was 2-m by 4-m with a total depth of 2.5-m.

Hand tools were used by Brown et. al. (1974) and others to trim the last bit of soil
from the side of their monolith in order for the casing to slide down. Brown et al also

wetted the sides of the monolith to lubricate the walls to help in the cutting process.

16
London et. al. (1991) describes a tool designed to carve the soil nearly to the plane of the

inside face of each side wall. The weight of the container was then enough to encase 0.3

m depth of soil before added force became necessary.

Nitrogen Flow Through Sandy Soils

Nitrogen is found in soils in mainly four forms; Organic Matter, Nitrate (N 03),
Nitrite (N02), and Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4). Testing has shown that leachate
commonly contains less than 1% N02 + NH4 (Shaw and Jones, 1974; Bergstrom, 1987).

Nitrate, the most common form of nitrogen in soils, is soluble in water and
therefore is carried through the soil matrix by water. These nitrate ions can move in
water either by diffusion or convection. Diffusion can take place over a 10 mm distance,
while convection can move ions great distances. (Wild and Babiker, 1976; Greencorn,
1983). Because of the fact that nitrate is transported with water, leaching loss of nitrate
can not be reduced to zero (Watts and Martin, 1981).

When the soil is at ﬁeld capacity or greater moisture content, the pattern of
movement of nitrogen through sandy soils is that of a diffuse band moving downward
with each precipitation event (Shaw and Jones, 1974). Prunty and Montgomery (1991)
found this same occurrence in 2.3 m deep lysimeters ﬁlled with a reconstructed loamy
ﬁne sand and noted that it took one year to see excess nitrates in leachate after the

addition of fertilizers. Dowdell and Webster (1980) reported an excess the ﬁrst winter

l 7
after fertilizers were applied to grass swards on; twelve 0.11 m deep undisturbed

lysimeters containing a loamy sand.

Wild and Babiker (1976) studied the variability of nitrate leaching depths under
ﬁeld conditions in a weakly structured loamy sand and found considerable asymmetry in
the vertical distribution of nitrate in soil proﬁles. Calcium nitrate and calcium chloride
were applied to individual plots which were initially at ﬁeld capacity. Four inigation
rates were used, the lowest being 2.5 mm on twenty successive days and the highest rate
being 25 mm on days 3 and 7. They found that the modal depth of movement, the depth
of highest concentration of the two ions (nitrate and chloride), was about half the mean
depth of movement, indicating a highly skewed distribution and a pronounced leading tail
of chloride and nitrate. These ﬁndings ﬁt a hypothesis that water was carrying nitrate and
chloride down macropores within the soil, and that only part of the solutions moved
uniformly through the rrricropores. No signiﬁcant difference could be found in leaching
due to irrigation period. Other research has shown that isolated extremes in solute
displacement rates can occur at various depths in a ﬁeld plot (Van De Pol et al, 1977;
Biggar and Nielsen, 1976).

Richter and Jury (1986) studied indiVidual lysimeters ﬁlled with coarse sandy
loam which showed evidence of water and solute movement through preferential
pathWays. The lysimeters were 0.2 m in diameter and 0.19 m deep. These rrricro-
lysimeters were brought to ﬁeld capacity, then they were irrigated with a bromide water
solution at 5.5 mm/h and 9.5 mm/h three times a week, both rates were controlled to

apply typically 10 - 30 mm of water. Preferential water movement moved solution

1 8
through a small part of the wetted pore space in the lysimeters and allowed deep

penetration of the solute. Bromide was detected in most lysimeters in the ﬁrst drainage
event. There was also a lack of correlation between drainage ﬂux and solute
concentration at a given depth within any plot.

The theory that a portion of the solute moves through larger pore spaces has been
investigated by other researchers (Mc Mahon and Thomas, 1974; Thomas and Phillips,
1979). These researchers have postulated that if water moves through macropores, it
interacts with solutes in the relatively immobile soil water in micropores to only a limited
extent. Thomas and Phillips suggested that leaching occurs when a small quantity of
N03 diffuses ﬁom the smaller pores to the surfaces of the macropores and then is moved

through the soil proﬁle.

Literature On Pioneer Project

Much of the literature published to date based on the research being carried out in
Constantine, Michigan has been in the form of internal reports. Much knowledge
regarding the fate of nitrogen applied to seed corn production has been acquired. This
has prompted other research within the seed production industry to evaluate fertilizer cost
and effectiveness (Martin, 1992).

Martin modiﬁed the CERES-MAZE model to better model seed corn and take

seed corn cultural practices into account. The new model is called CERES IM. A three

l 9
year report (Ritchie et al., 1993) covered the ﬁrst three years of the project and concluded

that nitrogen fertilizer application rates for seed corn production can be reduced to 80 to
110 kg/ha without a reduction in proﬁt. A split nitrogen application is also recommended
in order to supply most of the nitrogen to the plant when the plant is most likely to use it
(Martin et al., 1994).

Much was learned during the planning and set-up of the lysimeters for Pioneer Hi-
Bred International, Inc. Loudon et al. (1991) described the process used for the seed corn

projects.

METHODOLOGY

The lysimeters used for this analysis were located at the Pioneer Hi-Bred
International, Inc. seed corn processing plant at the south edge of Constantine Michigan.
Ground water in this area is at a depth of approximately 5 to 6 meters. This ground water
is the only aquifer in the area and also acts as the primary source for domestic water. The
soil at the study site is mapped as Elston sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic
Argiudolls). The ﬁve lysimeters used in this study were installed in the fall of 1988, one
of which was an undisturbed proﬁle (soil monolith) lysimeter. The other four were
disturbed proﬁle lysimeters.

The four disturbed proﬁle lysimeters had dimensions of 0.91 m by 3.81 m by 1.83
In deep (Figures 1 & 2). An access chamber measuring 1.22 m by 1.22 In by 1.83 m deep
was attached to the long side of the lysimeter to collect drainage and house collection
equipment. This chamber was placed 0.61 m lower than the lysimeter to allow collection
containers to ﬁt under lysirrreter drains. These drains were 13 mm steel pipes attached to
the side wall at the bottom of the lysimeter to provide a drain from the bottom of the
lysimeter.

The undisturbed lysimeter container had the same horizontal dimensions as the
disturbed lysimeters. The ﬁrst attempt to encapsulate 1.83 m of soil resulted in cracking
the soil monolith. The second attempt was to only encapsulate 1.53 In of soil. This
resulted with the bottoms of the disturbed lysimeters being 0.3 m deeper than the

undisturbed lysimeter. The access chamber was bolted onto the undisturbed lysimeter
20

21
instead of welding as was used for the disturbed lysimeters. All the lysimeters were

buried approximately 0.3 m below the soil surface so they would not interfere with

normal ﬁeld operations.

22

0.91 m 0.81 In

 

 

 

.___-‘ Collection eree
ecceee
. —
1 a
0.61 m
Soil profile E
comm 133 m W

 

\ Dreinege collection
1.83 In
‘ eree

L

Slloht grade needed
tor drelneoe

Dreineoe collection L
meeeurernem devicee j

1.22 In

 

1P

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure l. Sldevtewoﬂylt-eureutundeccaechnber.

0.91 m

23

1.23 m

 

 

3.81 m

 

.I

/ Drainage collection area

 

 

 

i/, 71/ Drainage collection was

1.22m

 

 

 

 

 

Soil proﬁle containment area

Figure 2. Top View of lysimeter casing and acccaa chamber.

24
Undisturbed Lysirneter

The undisturbed soil proﬁle lysimeter container was designed by Phil Gerrish, a
student in Agricultural Engineering at Michigan State University. This container needed
to be designed to retain its intended shape during movement and also during an inversion.
After the container had encapsulated the monolith, the container and monolith needed to
be removed, rotated 180° to weld a bottom plate on the lysimeter, and ﬁnally rotated back
and transported to another part of the ﬁeld where it was permanently installed.
Calculations done by the designer estimated the deﬂections of the sidewalls of the soil
container to be less than 10 mm during inversion. Steel was used for the walls, bottom
and support members of the lysimeter. Rough welds inside the container were ground
smooth and any other imperfections such as weld splatter which might provide a source
of friction as the sidewalls were slid over the soil monolith were removed. The metal
surfaces of the lysimeter were then coated with an epoxy paint and sprayed with silicon.
(Loudon et al, 1991)

This lysimeter was installed in the same soil as the four disturbed lysimeters. A
borrow area was prepared outside the ﬁeld boundary by ﬁrst removing the top 0.3 m of
soil down to the level desired for the top of the lysimeter. The undisturbed monolith was
taken outside the ﬁeld to avoid compaction and preserve the structure of the soil in the
ﬁeld. The bottomless lysimeter container was then placed on the excavated soil surface
of the borrow area, and gradually lowered over a soil monolith as the surrounding soil

was removed. This soil was removed by trenching with a back hoe around the area of the

25
lysimeter container then removing the last 200 - 300 mm of soil near the monolith by

hand with shovels. A carving tool was used to reach under the edge of the lysimeter
container and remove soil leaving a vertical soil face just 1 - 2 mm larger than the
container. The container wall cut the last few grains of soil off the monolith to form the
monolith block to the exact size and shape of the lysimeter container. After the ﬁrst 300
- 400 mm were contained, it was necessary to push on the container with a back hoe. A
press bar made from 152.4 mm I-bearn was placed across the top of the container to
distribute the force from the back hoe evenly on both sides. It was moved back and forth
on the container so that force could be applied wherever needed to move the container
down evenly over each short section of monolith.

The undisturbed lysimeter encapsulated 1.5 m (5 ft) of soil. When this soil had
been containerized Six steel I-beams, twice the width of the container in length, were
forced under the container using the teeth on the back hoe bucket to push it under. It was
then leveled and set 4 - 5 mm below the bottom edge of the container. Then, two sections
of bottom plate were slid individually along the I-beams to shear the sand at the elevation
of the container bottom and hold the sandy soil in the bottom of the lysimeter while it
was lifted out of the borrow area.

I The top of this container was covered with plywood and the entire block was
securely wrapped with chains. The chains were trussed out (ﬁgure 2) on one side to
provide extra support against deﬂection to the lower, long side of the container while the
block was being rotated. Pivot points were constructed on the lysimeter walls (ﬁgure 3)

to allow easy removal from the borrow area, inversion, and reinstallation at its ﬁnal

26
destination. After the soil block was inverted, bottom side up, the bottom plates were

removed to expose the bottom of the soil block. With the bottom exposed, 50 mm of
sand were removed in order to have room for a 50 mm layer of peastone. The peastone
was separated from the sand by a geosynthetic fabric. This stone layer was installed to
ensure good drainage at the bottom surface of the soil block, the same as was done for the
undisturbed lysimeter installations. A new bottom plate, coated with marine epoxy paint,
was welded to the bottom of the lysimeter. As the bottom plate was welded in place, it
was not possible to avoid burning paint off a short distance around the welds, inside the
container. The outside surface of the corner welds were painted with epoxy paint, the
inside surface of the container was not repainted.

An excavation similar to that done for the disturbed lysimeter installations was
dug, making extra room for the I-beams which were replaced to stabilize the bottom of
the lysimeter as it was lowered into place. The lysimeter was set upright and placed in
the new hole. The access chamber for the undisturbed lysimeter was added after the
lysimeter was in place. To avoid burning additional paint on the interior of the lysimeter,
the access chamber in the undisturbed lysimeter was bolted to the lysimeter container
instead of being welded on as were the access holes for the disturbed lysimeters.

Table 1 presents a summary of the results from soil borings taken close, but not

in, the soil borrow area for the undisturbed monolith.

27
Table 1. Typical Soil Proﬁles of lysimeter areas.

 

 

Undisturbed Lysirneter (as installed Fall, 1988)

Soil depth (from soil borings)

mm
loam 0 - 360
clay loam 360 - 560
gravely sandy loam "' 560 - 940
gravely loamy sand * 940 - 1140
ﬁne sand“ 1140- 1600
med sand * 1600 - 1935
geotextile fabric 1935
pea gravel 1935 - 1986

* gravely mixtures found as close to the surface as 560 nrrn by soil
borings

Disturbed Lysimeters (as installed Fall, 1988)

mm
loam 0 - 270 mm
clay loarrr 270 - 580
sandy loam / loamy sand mix 580 - 1600
ﬁne sand 1600 - 2235
geotextile fabric 2235

pea gravel 2235 - 2286

 

 

 

Lysirneter Top

\

 

\

28

Steel I-Bearn

Spoo/l with movable colar

//

 

 

Left and rig“ sides of container are the same

Figure 3. Diagram of pivot points for the lysimeter container.

29
DISTURBED LYSIMETER

The disturbed lysimeter containers were easier to designed than the container for
the undisturbed lysimeter, and they were inherently easier to install. Since these
containers did not have to support the soil during handling and transport, the only concern
in this design was that the container did not collapse before they were ﬁlled with soil.

Installation of the disturbed proﬁle lysimeters began by ﬁrst analyzing the soil at
the lysimeter site by doing soil borings to determine the location and depth of all the soil
horizons present. This was done ahead of installation to plan for the number of layers to
be excavated and handled separately. When installation began, the soil was removed
layer by layer and placed in individual piles on plastic sheets (6 mil PE) by horizon so
that the soil could be returned to approximately the same depth from which it was
removed. This process involved signiﬁcant manual labor in conjunction with a back hoe
to carefully remove the soil to the exact level of a Signiﬁcant textural change.

This soil is mapped as an Elston Sandy Loam (USDA, 1983). Several soil
borings were performed in 1988 which helped further describe the soil composition.
Results of these borings were used to develop the representative soil description in Table
1. In these soil borings, small stones (10-20 mm) were found as close to the surface as
560 mm below the surface, in the B horizon. The C horizon for the research site is

mostly medium sand. Occasional stony areas were found in the C horizon also.

30
After the excavation was dug to the proper depth, the lysimeter container was

hung from a back hoe bucket and lowered into the excavation. After the lysimeter was in

place, the ﬁlling of the lysimeter occurred as follows (Loudon, 1991):

1. A 50 mm (2 in.) layer of peastone was placed in the bottom of the
lysimeter to provide free drainage for water to move from the bottom soil surface
of the lysimeter to the outlet pipe.

2. A layer of geosynthetic fabric typical of that used as a wrap for
agricultural drainage tile was placed over the peastone.

3. Soil was then replaced horizon after horizon in approximately 100 mm
layers and "walked in " to simulate the original soil density. In this process the
back hoe operator sat in one location and "spooned" the soil into the excavation
using the backhoe bucket. The operator could place the soil most places around
the hole without moving the backhoe which would have increased surface soil
compaction. The rate of delivery of soil to the hole was about right to keep up
with men in the hole who were moving soil around to keep each addition to 100 -
150 mm and walk on the soil to pack it into place. Each layer was repacked
keeping soil inside and outside the lysimeter container at the same level to aVoid
stress on the container walls.

4. After all subsoil horizons were repacked, top soil was then replaced and

ﬁnished to original grade by a small dozer.

3 1
Field Practices

Seed corn (inbred maize) in a small plot layout has been grown on the lysimeter
Sites since 1989. Previous to the seed com, the site was a ﬁeld of grasses with a sparse
population of alfalfa. The seed corn plots were planted as typical Pioneer seed com ﬁelds
with 4 rows of corn designated as "female" for every 1 row designated as "male".

The ﬁeld was planted with 3 inbreds to test for differences in genetic coefﬁcients
and nitrogen response. The sarrre inbred was planted on all 5 lysimeters to be able to
compare leaching. Figure 4 is a plot diagram showing the location, nitrogen treatment
and variety of seed corn planted. At tassel initiation, the tassels were removed from the
plants designated as "female", forcing the female plants to be fertilized by the male
plants. This is normally done with 2 inbreds to provide the desired cross for a hybrid, but
to simplify planting and timing of pollen shed, the same variety was used for both "male"
and "female" plants in any given plot.

The four disturbed lysimeters were the primary nitrogen management research
plots and each was fertilized differently. Four different nitrogen application schemes

were used.

pd

. Control plot received 0 kg/ha, except in the ﬁrst year when 34 kg/ha as
pre-plant and 168 kg/ha as side dress were applied.

2. Model treatment received nitrogen as needed.

3. 202 kg/ha {all as pre-plant}.

4. 101 kg/ha {34 kg/ha as pre-plant and 67 as side dress}.

32
Lysirneter 3 (the undisturbed proﬁle lysimeter) and lysimeter 5 both have received the

same nitrogen treatments of 202 kg/ha (180 lb./ac) applied before planting. The ﬁrst year
90 kg N/ha was added to the model, then in 1990 and 1991 no fertilizer was applied to the
model treatment. In 1992 and 1993, 55 kg/ha was added to the model treatment plots.

The model treatment plots received nitrogen as soon as the plants showed a need
for it. There are various methods of determining when the plants are starting to need
nitrogen, before it is nitrogen deﬁcient. These methods have included, visual
determination of leaf color change, chlorophyll meter detection of leaf color change,
height / growth change and aerial photography. Using each of these methods the color or
growth rate of the ﬁeld or ﬁeld plot was compared to a well fertilized block. Any
difference was assumed to indicate the beginning of a nitrogen deﬁciency. Fertilizer was
added soon after the difference was observed. The fertilization rate was determined by
the stage of grth of the plant.

With the exception of the ﬁrst year, the plots were chisel plowed in April of each
year to prepare the soil for planting. The soil proﬁle disturbance on and around the
lysimeters before the ﬁrst planting was major due to the operations associated with
installing the ﬁve lysimeters. The topsoil was removed and replaced on and around the
lysimeters during installation. The entire ﬁeld was chisel plowed in the spring before

planting. The plots were chisel plowed in the fall of 1989 after installation.

33

.25.:th Lei—2.8.. .5on: can 35:3 .623... 53...; ”5.52? Esau—5. .2.— .v 9...»:—

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v .3 n .3 a .3 . .3

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5... S. 8.. Sn 2...: ._86 s... S. :86 an S" 28: .86 28: .3 Se .12.: .86 all... 28: 8.. an

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s... s. 8.. 8" 2...: .86 .12.: .86 2... «a 28: .86 2:: 2.. «3 a... s. .86 .122 2...: 2.. «a

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.838; a 3D: 38.

24050—2 22.—MED gn— “HE—ma—

 

34
Each year the plots were planted in May, cultivated in June and harvested in

September. The harvest for plot yield was done by hand. The ﬁeld was then combined to
remove the remainder of the com from the plot edges and border area of the ﬁeld. A
listing of plot activity is given in Table 2 for 1989 through 1993.

The ﬁrst planting occurred on May 16, 1989 along with an application of
fertilizers including nitrogen. Aﬁer being combined in late October 1989, the research
site was chopped with a ﬂail to reduce the size of the stalks which were left in the ﬁeld,
then chisel plowed . In 1990 and following years fall tillage was considered unnecessary
and the ﬁeld was only chisel plowed in the spring before planting.

Plant samples were taken four times a year to determine the nitrogen content in
various parts of the plant. These samples were taken every year at stage V-6, detasseling,
grain ﬁlling and at harvest. The whole plant was tested in four parts; grain, cob, tassel,
and the remaining plant tissue. These plant samples were all kept by Pioneer personnel
and ground. Then, all four samples were sent to the Michigan State University Soil
Testing Service where they were tested for TKN (Total Kj eldahl Nitrogen).

All plots were irrigated in an attempt to keep the soil available water capacity
above 50%. Irrigation and precipitation dates and amounts are tabulated in Appendix B.
SCHEDULER, a program produced by Michigan State University Department of
Agricultural Engineering (Shayya & Bralts, 1993), was used with weather data from
Centerville and precipitation data from the research site to estimate soil water content.
This information was then used for irrigation scheduling. Each irrigation cycle applied

approximately 25 mm of water.

35

Table 2. Field Practices at MSU plots in Constantine, Michigan.

Date
16-May-1989
22-June-l 989
26-June- l 989
28-June-1989
18-July- 1 989
19-July-1989
22-July- 1 989
27-July-l 989
1-Aug-l989
18-Aug-1989
21 -Aug-1989
27-Sep-l 989
2-Oct-1989
Mid-October
30-Oct-1989
25-Apr-1990
27-Apr-199O
2-May-199O
8-May-l 990

1 S-June-l 990

Operation Performed on Field Plots

First planting and preplant N application

Sprayed herbicide

Thinned plots, soil samples taken

Sidedress nitrogen treatment applied, cultivated plots, ﬁrst plant samples
Weeded plots .

50 lb. N applied to model treatment (ammonium Nitrate)

Inbred l detasseled

Second plant samples taken

Soil sampled, close to lysimeters (collected at tasseling)

Third Plant samples collected

Removed male corn rows from plots

Harvested plots

Collect test plant samples

Fall tillage

"Big Rain" event applied through irrigation system this day and next.
Soil samples taken

Chisel plowed ﬁeld

Preplant N applied, plots planted

Sprayed plots

Cultivated plots

Table 2 cont.
18-June-l990

25-June-1990

1 O-July- 1 990
1 7-July-1 990
20—July-l 990
23-July- 1 990
27-July-l 990
2-Aug-l 990

l4-Aug-1990
1 6-Aug- l 990
23-Aug-1 990
1 2-Sep- l 990
25-Sep-l 990
9-Nov-1 990

29-Nov-l 990
2-Apr-1 991

20-Apr-1 99 1
26-Apr-1 991

4-May-l99l

36

Removed volunteers and thinned plots

Plots treated for corn borer with Dipel, nitrogen applied to plots,
ﬁrst plant samples taken

Plots treated for Japanese Beetle with Sevin

Plots rouged

Detasseled Inbred 1

Applied 40 kg N/ac to Inbred 1 Model plots

Detasseled Inbred 2 and 3, Plots weeded, second plant sample taken

Hoed weeds

Male rows removed

Third plant sample taken on Inbred 1

Third plant sample taken on Inbred 2 and 3

Harvested Inbred 1, Fourth plant sample taken on Inbred l

Harvested Inbreds 2 and 3, Fourth plant sample-taken on Inbred 2 and 3

Plots gleaned off

Soil samples taken

Soil samples taken for P & K

Lasso-Atrazine

P applied to rep 1 and 2

Chiseled plot E to W 0.25 meters deep

37

Table 2. (con’t)

8-May-1991
3-June-1991
3-June-1 991
lZ-June-199l

13-June-1991

8-July- l 99 1
26-July-l 991
29-July- 1 991
3 1 July-1 99 1
2-Apr-1 992
6-Apr-1 992
4-May-1992
6-May- l 992
1 1 June-1 992
1 July-1 992
2-July-1992
8-July-1992

3-Aug-1992

Field cultivated plots, applied N, planted plots

Cultivated plots

Treated for ECBl (J aveline)

Thinned plots

V6 plant samples taken, Sidedress N applied,
check treated for ECBl (Pounce)

Detassled P02, plant samples taken

Sprayed plot for Japanese beetles (Peneap 3pt)

Detassled P38

Detassled T10

Took soil samples for P & K

Rototilled residue. Broke up stalks to prevent plugging of ﬁeld cultivator.

Chisel plowed

Planted and fertilized plots

Cultivated plots

Fertilized 101 kg/ha plots and irrigated

F ertilized Model treatment with 10] kg/ha.

Irrigated

Destroyed male P02

Detassled P38 & T10

38

Table 2. (con’t)

8-Aug-1 992
l l-Aug- l 992
20-Aug-l 992

24-Aug-1992

S-Nov- l 992
8-May- l 993
1 8-May-1993
6-June- l 993
2-July-1 993
1 3-July-l 993
20-July-1993
20-July-1 993
28-July-1993
1 1 -Aug-1993
13-Aug- l 993
1 6-Aug-1 993

l 6—Aug- l 993

Destroyed male P38
Destroyed male T10
Irrigated
Irrigated

Harvested grain and took 4th plant samples
Gleaned com off plots
F ertilized, Tilled and Planted plots
Corn emerged
Hoed 3/4 of ﬁeld
Applied Nitrogen to Model plots
Hoed rogues
Silk and Shed (POZ is 50% shed)
Took plant and tassel samples
Detasseled P38 and T10

Plant Sample #3

.P02 "Male" rows destroyed

P38 "Male" rows destroyed

' T10 "Male" rows destroyed

39

Sampling System

The leachate sampling system employed a Campbell Scientiﬁc CR-lO micro-

datalogger to monitor and sample drainage from ﬁve drainage lysimeters. Along with the

sampling procedures, the CR-lO was also used to log data from a weather station.

The weather station included sensors for relative humidity, air temperature, soil

temperature, wind speed and direction, rainfall, and solar radiation (Table 3). The sensors

were mounted 2 m above ground, except for the precipitation gauge which was set on a

concrete pad at ground level.

Table 3. Description of Campbell Scientiﬁc, Inc. weather station sensors.

Description

Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge

R.M. Young Wind Sentry Anemometer
R.M. Young Wind Sentry Vane
Pyranometer

Temperature and Relative Humidity Probe

Temperature Probe {Soil}

CS Model #

6011-A

03101-5

03301-5

LIZOOS

207

107B

Accuracy
+/- 0.25 mm per tip
+/- 0.5 m/s

+/- 5 deg.

Temp. +/- 0.2 deg. C
RH +/- 5%

+/- 0.2 deg. C

40
The data were recorded hourly for mean air temperature, mean RH, total solar

radiation, total precipitation, mean wind speed, soil temperature, battery volts and
accumulated drainage tips from all 5 lysimeters. Daily max and min values were
recorded for temperature, RH, battery voltage, wind speed, wind speed and box
temperature. Also recorded daily were total solar radiation, total precipitation, mean
wind speed, wind vector magnitude, wind direction (with standard deviation), maximum
wind speed, mean soil temperature and mean box temperature. The stored data, daily and
hourly output, in the datalogger was read nightly by a VAX computer located at
Michigan State University's Kellogg Biological Station located near Hickory Corners.
Programs were written for the VAX to retrieve the datalogger information and organize
this data in a more usable form. Programs were also written which clean up and
recognize faulty data.

A tipping bucket rain gauge (Sierra Misco PN SP2501-BA) was mounted under
the drain pipe in each lysimeter, on top of a 38 liter bucket to measure and contain the
volume of drainage coming from the lysimeter (Figure 5). The ﬁve tipping bucket
assemblies were monitored by the CR-IO by using an eight channel pulse counter (SDM-
SW8A) produced by Campbell Scientiﬁc to increase the capabilities of the CR-10, which
normally has only 2 pulse channels. The CR-l 0 counted tips from the tipping buckets.
Then the volume of drainage was calculated from the total number of tips and a calibrated
volume per tip.

The CR-IO started a sequence to sample drainage from any lysimeter aﬁer a preset

amount of drainage, set at 0.56 cm (0.25 inches), had passed through the tipping bucket.

41
Figure 6 is a wiring diagram of the sampling system. The CR-lO controlled 3 relays for

each lysimeter, 15 relays total, through another add-on device (Campbell Scientiﬁc's
SDM-CD16). These relays in turn controlled 3 12 volt water pump (F lowjet 2100) at
each lysimeter which pumped the water from under the lysimeter through a sampling box
and into a drywell. In the pump line, a solenoid diverting valve (Spraying Systems PM
AA144 Directovalve) was installed and controlled by the CR-lO to send 500 ml to a
sample bottle during the middle of the pumping cycle. After the CR-lO turned the pump
off, a motor in the sampler was turned on which moved the sampler to a new bottle,
preparing for the next sampling sequence.

The Campbell Scientiﬁc CR-lO was programmed by Thomas Olmsted, a student
at Michigan State University at the time the lysimeters were built. Figure 7 is a ﬂow
chart of the sampling portion of the program. When the datalogger approached 10
minutes before the hour, counts from the tipping buckets would be counted but no action
to take or log a sample would be performed until aﬁer the datalogger had time to write an

hourly output ﬁle.

42

Lysirneter drain
Permanent

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Figure 5. Tipping bucket assembly.

43

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45
Leachate Testing Procedure

The automatic sampling system took a 500 ml sample every 6.35 mm (0.25
inches) of drainage (approximately 22 liters). From this 500 ml sample, a 20 - 30 ml
subsample was later taken and ﬁ'ozen. When there were approximately 30 to 40 frozen
samples, these samples were taken to Michigan State University to be analyzed for N03
at the Soil Testing Lab.

The Soil Testing Lab used a Lachat QuikChem Automated Flow Injection Ion
Analyzer with QuikChem Method No. 10-107-04-1-A to determine the concentration of
nitrate contained in the samples. The concentration data were then input into a
spreadsheet along with the sample date, volume sampled and sample number. With this
data in a spreadsheet, nitrogen loads were calculated and drainage trends were charted.

(Appendix C)

Statistical Analysis

Mean comparisons of drainage and nitrogen leaching were made between the ﬁve
lysimeters for the 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1993 leaching years. Signiﬁcant mean
differences were determined using two tailed Student's t Test criteria assuming equal

variance and an alpha of 0.10.

 

46

RESULTS

Collection Of Drainage Data

The evaluation of the performance of the disturbed proﬁle lysimeters at the Pioneer
plant near Constantine Michigan included comparison of the drainage volume passing
through each of the four disturbed lysimeters at the site. Drainage through each of the
disturbed lysimeters was compared to the other disturbed lysimeters. Drainage through
the disturbed lysimeters was also compared to the drainage through the undisturbed
lysimeter. The initial hypothesis was that no signiﬁcant difference in drainage is present
between the disturbed proﬁle lysimeters and the undisturbed proﬁle lysimeter installed at
Constantine. An agreement at the 90% conﬁdence level between drainage data sets was
chosen as acceptable.

Drainage from the ﬁve lysimeters was measured by the tipping bucket setup
described earlier. This data consisted of a record of the number of tipping bucket tips on
an hourly basis. Each tipping bucket was calibrated so the volume of one tip was known
(Table 4). The calibration on these tipping buckets were checked periodically, but no

cause for a change in calibration was ever found.

Ia

47
Table 4. Tipping bucket calibration volumes.

Lysirneter 1 0.00824 liters/tip
Lysimeter 2 0.00868 liters/tip
Lysirneter 3* 0.00770 liters/tip
Lysirneter 4 0.00824 liters/tip
Lysimeter 5 0.00824 liters/tip

* Lysirneter 3 is the undisturbed lysimeter.

Data were lost for all lysimeters on the dates listed in Table 5. These losses occurred
due to power loss (dead batteries), computer down time (from lightning strikes) and
sampler system malfunctions. Other causes might also be present, but not diagnosed.

The largest time period from which data were lost was January 10, 1991 to April 1,
1991. These data were lost during computer repairs. No samples were taken during this
time by the automated system. Some drainage volumes were estimated by measuring the
volume which accumulated in the manhole attached to the lysimeter.

Data were also lost for individual lysimeters from time to time due to tipping bucket
failure. This failure can be attributed to the moist location in which the tipping buckets
were located and damage from the indigenous population (mice) of the area in which the
lysimeters were located. These lost data were replaced with the average volume drained
from the other lysimeters for the time in question. Appendix A contains a tabulation of

the tips, volumes and missing value estimates used for the ﬁve lysimeters.

48

Table 5. Dates for which no automated data were available.

lS-Jan.-1990 to 5-Feb.-1990
l-Jul.-l990

20-Sep.-l990
27-Sep-1990
4-Oct-1990

lO-Dec-l990 to 18-Dec-1990
25-Dec-1990 to 29-Dec-199O
10-Jan-199l to l-Apr-l991
8-Apr-l991

22-Apr-1991

26-Apr-1991

9-May-1991 to l4-May-l 991
22-Apr-l993

2-Jun-1993

23-Jul-1993

25-Aug-1993

Automatic Computer Controlled
sampling ended September 16, 1993.

3' '
Aer

31-33

49
Evaluation Of Drainage Rates

The plot on which the lysimeters are located received precipitation and, if needed,
supplemental irrigation during dry periods in the growing season. Precipitation and
Irrigation amounts are tabulated in Appendix B.

The ideal result of drainage measurements through the lysimeters would be exact
agreement between drainage rates on an hourly basis. In a ﬁeld situation soil inﬁltration
and percolation rates, as well as soil moisture holding capacity, vary over the entire ﬁeld
even if the soil type does not change. This soil variation causes variation in
measurements of drainage rates, but total ﬂows over along period of time should still
agree within some range of natural variation. Due to soil variations and other natural
variations such as precipitation and irrigation distribution uniformity, drainage data
agreement within +/- 10% between the two types of lysimeters was taken as an acceptable
level.

The smallest time periods investigated were single storm events. Daily drainage
data were fused to compare drainage between lysimeters. Although hourly data were
accumulated, they were only used to evaluate time to peak for single storm events.

Logging of drainage data began June 23, 1989. Before October 30, 1989 there was no
substantial drainage due to a dry summer. This low ﬂow of drainage prompted the
researchers to attempt to test the lysimeters and data acquisition system with an artiﬁcial
"Big Storm" which was applied with the solid set irrigation system at the site on October

30 and 31, 1989. There was a variation in depth of irrigation water applied to the

lysimi
Tris ;
mm

as fol

50
lysimeters due to an inadvertent use of sprinklers with different sized nozzles and heads.

This produced different irrigation depths on each lysimeter. The uniformity of this
untested system was very poor for this irrigation. Rain gauge catch at each lysimeter was

as follows:

. Lysirneter 1 72.4 mm
o Lysirneter 2 90.2 mm
. Lysimeter 3 133.4 mm
. Lysirneter 4 77.5 mm
. Lysirneter 5 85.1 mm

This lack of uniformity lends error to observations based on this event. As is seen in
Figure 8, drainage from the event starting on October 30, 1989 is radically different from

lysimeter to lysimeter.

51

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52
Instantaneous ﬂows and total ﬂows for many singular events from each of the

lysimeters did not agree with each other (Appendix A). It is only aﬁer the total drainage
from a few storm events had been accumulated that agreement could be seen (Figure 9).
A few relatively singular events occurred which were only minimally effected by the
previous or the next storm event. In Figure 10 the most isolated event recorded is shown.
The precipitation which started this event was 13.5 mm on November 4 with an
additional amount of 34 mm received on November 5, 1990. Toward the end of this
drainage event 6.4 mm fell on November 22, 1990. In this event the total water drained
from each lysimeter was within 10% of the average water drained from all ﬁve lysimeters
(Table 6). The ﬂow from one disturbed lysimeter, lysimeter 5, lagged behind and did not

peak at as high a rate as the ﬂow for the other four lysimeters.

Table 6. Drainage from individual lysimeters during the drainage event which
began November 4, 1990.

 

 

 

mm Drained
Lysirneter l 43. 12
Lysirneter 2 37.99
Lysirneter 3* 40.94
Lysirneter 4 39.41
Lysirneter 5 39.89
Average 40.27

 

 

" Lysimeter 3 is undisturbed.

53

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55
As can be seen from the graph of cumulative drainage during 1992 for the ﬁve

lysimeters (Figure 9), the yearly cumulative drainage is within 10% of the average
drainage (including the undisturbed lysimeter). Total drainage for this period was 367
mm, 341 mm, 359 mm, 360 mm, 390 mm for lysimeters 1-5 respectively. The 1990 and
1991 years showed the largest differences between the total annual drainage ﬂows for the
various lysimeters.

Flow volumes for early 1991 are not as accurate as for other years. Drainage volumes
for January through March of 1991 were acquired manually three times over three months
before the datalogger was back on-line in April 1991. Manual drainage volmnes were
obtained by measuring the depth of accumulated water in the drainage collection chamber
adjacent to the lysimeter and calculating the volume present. This period effects the end
of 1990 cumulative results and the beginning of 1991 results. (Appendix A)

The times to peak drainage for the ﬁve lysimeters do not agree with each other on
individual storm events. Every drainage event which occurred during 1989 through 1993
was investigated (Appendix A). The events shown here were chosen because events
occurring in the fall are generally larger than other times during the year and showed
differences to a greater extent. The lag seen in time to peak between lysimeters in the fall
can be as great as one or two days early in the life of the lysimeter. When the ﬁrst big
drainage event was forced on October 30, 1989 (“Big Storm”) lysimeter 1 peaked ﬁrst.
Lysirneter 3 (the undisturbed lysimeter) peaked 34 hours after lysimeter 1 (Figure 8).

The other lysimeters peaked within 5 hours after lysimeter 1. In the November 1990

event (Figure 10), which was triggered by 13.5 mm of precipitation on November 4 and

56
34 mm on November 5, lysimeters 3 and 5 peaked 26 hours after lysimeter 2, but only 16

hours aﬁer lysimeters l and 4. In an event in October and November 1991, triggered by
14 mm of precipitation on October 24, 37 mm on October 25 and 17 mm on October 26,
lysimeter 3 peaked ﬁrst. The other lysimeters peaked within 16 to 19 hours after
lysimeter 3. In an event triggered by 45 mm of precipitation on October 14, 1992,
lysimeters 3 and 4 peaked ﬁrst, followed 4 hours later by lysimeter 2, and 29 hours later
by lysimeters 1 and 5.

Comparisons were made of the four disturbed lysimeters looking at the mean
difference in cumulative ﬂow from June 8, 1989 to September 16, 1993, and also
cumulative ﬂow on an annual basis, May 1 to April 30 for each leaching year (June 8,
1989 to April 30, 1990 for the ﬁrst year). Each lysimeter was compared to each of the
other four lysimeters, including a comparison to the undisturbed lysimeter.

A Student's t-test with equal variance assumed was performed on the daily
cumulative drainage data from each of the lysimeters, comparing them to each of the
other disturbed lysimeters, one year at a time (Table 7). The Students t-test was
performed using a = 0.10. If the absolute value of t is less than the t critical for that

comparison, the two lysimeters compared are, with 90% conﬁdence, yielding the same

drainage amounts.

Table 7. Values of t from Student's t-test comparing daily cumulative drainage

57

between disturbed lysimeters for each year.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lysimeters 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
lvs.2 2.07 5.25 3.29 -O.48 0.62
lvs.4 0.53 -001 -023 -1.70 -0.05
lvs.5 1.12 3.17 1.79 -0.17 0.99
2vs.4 -151 -531 -3.52 -1.24 -O.66
2vs.5 -0.94 -2.19 -l.46 0.29 0.37
4vs.5 0.57 3.20 2.02 1.50 1.01

mmm=010

t Critical two-tail = 1.65

Early in the life of the lysimeters, drainage volume agreement was less than expected
among the ﬁve lysimeters. An agreement of at least 90% was hoped for but not achieved
until the 1992 season. In 1992, lysimeters 1,2, and 5 were in agreement. Lysirneter 4
was in agreement with lysimeters 2 and 5 but not with lysimeter 1.

The 1993 season was the best year for agreement in drainage amount. Based on the
Student's t-test for two sets of means with equal variances, total ﬂows for all four

disturbed lysimeters in the 1993 season were statistically the same.

58
Figure 11 is a graph of cumulative drainage for the 1991, 1992 and 1993 seasons for

the four disturbed lysimeters and the undisturbed lysimeter. This graph shows the
drainage trends and shows that the trends are the same in all four disturbed lysimeters, as
well as with the undisturbed. The volume of drainage produced by the individual
lysimeters is expected to be the same over a few precipitation events, but this drainage is
not equal on a daily time frame.

The 1992 summer was unseasonably wet, with less solar radiation than Michigan
normally receives. This year showed little resemblance to 1991 and 1993 which were
more characteristic of Michigan weather. The 1993 season shows distinctly that late

spring and fall are when drainage rates peaked.

59

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60
A major factor in the analysis of the drainage rates from the disturbed lysimeters was

the comparison of these lysimeters to a control. The control in this case was the
undisturbed lysimeter, lysimeter 3, of the same surface area and in the same ﬁeld as the
disturbed lysimeters. The only differences between the undisturbed lysimeter and the
disturbed lysimeters were the method used to ﬁll the containers with soil and the fact that
the bottom of the undisturbed lysimeter was 0.3 meter higher due to problems
encountered while encapsulating the monolith of soil. The upper edge of the lysimeter
containers are approximately the same depth below the soil surface.

The average total annual drainage over a ﬁve year period across all ﬁve lysimeters
(Table 8) is 340 mm (13.5 inches) of drainage. The maximum difference in total annual
drainage between any two lysimeters was 131 mm in 1991 (when measurements were
questionable) between lysimeters 3 and 2. There was also a difference of 80 mm between
lysimeter 3 (undisturbed) and the next highest lysimeter (lysimeter l) in 1991. The
difference between lysimeters in other years was much less, 23 to 49 mm each year. Of
the ﬁve years studied the most precipitation occurred during 1992 but the maximum

difference in drainage was only 23 mm between lysimeters 1 and 5.

 

61

Table 8. Cumulative drainage May 1 to April 30.

 

 

From To Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysimeter Lysirneter
l 2 3 4 5

mm mm mm mm mm
7-June-89 30-Apr-90 396 369 352 384 385
1-May-90 30-Apr-91 254 211 205 219 246
l-May-9l 30-Apr-92 460 409 540 454 446
l-May-92 30-Apr-93 367 341 359 360 390
l-May-93 28-Apr-94 387 413 434 431 399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 9. Student's t-Test results comparing daily drainage from each of the four
disturbed lysimeters to the undisturbed lysimeter.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lysl t LysZ t Lys4 t LysS t
1990 3.36(1 2.3?! -3406 -0.01
1991 -3294 -6.33d 3.07d 4.93d
1992 0.25 0.73 -1954 -0.41
1993 1.18 0.56 -1.19 -019

 

 

 

d Signiﬁcantly different than undisturbed lysimeter
t critical two-tail = 1.65

 

62
The results of t-tests performed on daily cumulative drainage data from 1990 and

1991 show poor agreement between the disturbed lysimeters' drainage and the
undisturbed lysimeter's drainage (Table 9). Since the beginning of the 1992 leaching year
(May 1992) drainage from all of the disturbed lysimeters show agreement with the
undisturbed lysimeter at the 90% conﬁdence level, except for lysimeter 4 which was not
in agreement in 1992.

Graphs of Drainage events early in the experiment, from February of 1990 until June
of 1990, show that drainage ﬂow rates peaked in the four disturbed lysimeters earlier and
at a higher ﬂow rate than the drainage rate peaked in the undisturbed lysimeter (Figure
12).

The drainage rate through all ﬁve lysimeters behaved about the same for the next few
months with the drainage through the disturbed lysimeters beginning to slow down
compared to the drainage rate through the undisturbed lysimeter. After July of 1991 the
disturbed lysimeters drained at a much slower rate than the undisturbed lysimeter. The
largest differences in peak drainage rate occurred during the period from July 1991
through October 1991 (Figure 13). After these events, the drainage began slowly
agreeing better with the passing of each season. During the 1993 leaching year the
drainage pattern from the undisturbed lysimeter and the disturbed lysimeters was almost
the same. The larger volume drainage events still ﬂowed through the undisturbed

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66

fastest (Figure 14), but differences in drainage from most storm events was
indistinguishable. As can be seen in this ﬁgure, the peak drainage rate through the
disturbed lysimeters approached the rate seen in the undisturbed lysimeter.

We can also compare the average drainage from all ﬁve lysimeters to drainage which
should be expected given the precipitation, irrigation and evapotranspiration (ET) for the
comparison period. To calculate what drainage is expected, a simple water balance was

performed, based on the following daily calculation;

Soil Storage = Precipitation + Irrigation - Evapotranspiration - Drainage.

Drainage was assumed to occur if the previous days Soil Storage exceeded 225 mm of
water. This 225 mm of water is the maximum available water capacity of the soil for a
1.52 m depth of soil. The maximum available water capacity of 225 mm of water was
based on a soil textural analysis performed during the installation of the lysimeters.
Calculations were performed as if all drainage and precipitation happened at the same
time, once a day.

Cumulative drainage graphs, calculated and measured, for 1991 and 1992 are
presented in Figures 15 and 16. Figure 15 starts on April 1, 1991 in order to miss three
months of uncertain drainage amounts are presented in Table 10. Values of ET used in
calculating expected drainage. Daily ET values during the growing season were

calculated by SCS-Scheduler V. 3.00 (Shayya & Bralts, 1994) using actual weather data.

 

67
Off season ET was calculated by the same software package but using an “historical”

weather option which calculates an average monthly ET based on long term average
weather data and the present crop type. The off season crop was assumed to have a 250
mm root zone, typical of weeds present for part of the year, with a constant crop
coefﬁcient of Kc = 0.10. The value Kc is a coefﬁcient relating the ET of a crop to that of
a reference crop, in this case, irrigated mowed grass. The value of 0.10 was chosen for
the off season Kc value because it is the lowest value of Kc which could be chosen,

representing a sparse weed population on bare ground.

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70
Table 10. ET values for 1991 and 1992.

Average ET (mm/day)

 

1991 1992
January“ 0.00 0.00
February“ 0.00 0.00
March“ 0.00 0.00
April" 0.25 0.25
May" 0.51 0.57
May 1.66 1.15
June 4.62 2.84
July 6.86 4.22
August 3.12 4.60
September 1 .78 2.22
September" 0.25 0.25
October“ 0.25 0.25
November“ 0.00 0.00
December“ 0.00 0.00

* ET for mostly bare soil surface.

71

In Figure 17 it is seen that cumulative annual rainfall and irrigation far exceed
cumulative drainage. Most of the difference occurs during the growing season when
crops are using most of the available water. Figure 18 is a graph of drainage from
individual "storm events" expressed as a percentage of the precipitation for the event.
Each "storm event" is deﬁned as starting on any day which received 15 mm of
precipitation or more. At least 10 days were required before the event ended and the next
event could begin (no time was lost between events). The event time of 10 days allows
most of the drainage from a storm to drain. One large event (November 4, 1990) drained
72% of its total drainage in 10 days, other events investigated drained 65% to 100% in 10
days.

These graphs show that during the growing season, less of the precipitation ends
up as drainage. Figure 18 also shows an increase in percent of precipitation drained each

fall. Increased precipitation results in higher percentages of precipitation which drained.

72_

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74

Comparison Of Nitrate Flux Within Lysimeters

The ﬂow of water and the concentration of nitrates in that water work together to
move nitrates through the soil and produce nitrate leaching. The yearly cumulative
nitrate loads found in leachate from lysimeters 3 and 5 (undisturbed and disturbed with
same fertilization scheme) are graphed in Figure 19. The nitrate leaching rate is
represented by the slope of the cumulative nitrate load curve. This curve tends to have
the same shape every year. The steepest parts of the curve, the largest leaching rates, are
found in the late fall of each year. The relatively dry, warm summer months cause soil
nitrogen mineralization which makes nitrate available to leach, but during the growing
season much of what is produced is taken up by the corn crop. In the fall, the crop, at the
end of its life cycle, stops removing nitrogen and the concentration of nitrate found in
drainage increases. When the soil cools with winter weather, N-mineralization slows and
less leaching occurs because of less nitrogen available to leach.

Figure 19 also shows a difference between leaching rates from the undisturbed
lysimeter and the disturbed lysimeter even though both received 202 kg N/ha each year.
The differences are mostly produced during November and December of each year
where the curves diverge and are non-parallel. Little difference can be seen in 1989. The
disturbed lysimeter leaching rates were close to that of the undisturbed lysimeter until
November of 1990 when leaching in the undisturbed lysimeter began to slow down, but
leaching continued at a higher rate in the disturbed lysimeter. This difference was

recorded automatically, before the three month long computer system failure.

75
This trend switched in the fall of 1991 and 1992 with leaching rates in the disturbed

lysimeter slowing before that in the undisturbed lysimeter. This switch is due to a
difference in nitrate concentration in drainage. In November of 1990 the nitrate
concentration in drainage water leveled off in drainage from the undisturbed lysimeter
(#3) but concentrations continued to rise in the disturbed lysimeter (#5). In the fall of
1991 and 1992 the concentration of nitrate found in drainage from both lysimeters
behaved the same, but with concentration in the undisturbed lysimeter being slightly
higher than that for the disturbed lysimeter. In the 1993 leaching rate slowed at about the

same time in both lysimeters and nitrogen leached for the year was reduced.

76

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78
Figures 20, 21 and 22 are graphs of nitrate concentrations in leachate from the 202

kg/ha treatment disturbed and undisturbed lysimeters. These graphs show that the
seasonal concentration peaks occur at approximately the same time for both lysimeters
and concentrations are generally higher in the fall. In 1989 and 1990 the disturbed
lysimeter leachate concentration peaked higher than that for the undisturbed lysimeter.
Starting in the fall of 1991 and continuing through 1994, the undisturbed lysimeter nitrate
concentration was generally higher than that for the disturbed on the same sample dates.
There was little precipitation in the spring and summer of 1989. The ﬁrst drainage
events happened in the late fall and winter of 1989 - 1990, the largest of which was

induced using irrigation on October 30 and 31, 1989.

79

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Figure 21. N Concentrations found in drainage from the undisturbed lysimeter(#3).

80

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Figure 22. N Concentrations found in drainage from the disturbed lysimeter (#5).

81

The leachate concentrations found in samples from events during the fall of 1990 are
50% greater than any fall season since (Figure 20). These unusually high concentrations
are believed to have been caused by the installation process for the lysimeters. Bergstrom
(1987) also found similar occurrences and attributed this to increased aeration and
subsequent mineralization of soil organic matter caused by the lysimeter installation
process. The higher concentrations could also have been from a build up of nitrates in the
soil from 1989 when ﬂow to move nitrate through the soil was slow.

The results from a comparison of nitrate leaching amounts between the undisturbed
lysimeter and disturbed lysimeter receiving the same N-fertilizer rate (202 kg/ha) using
Students t-Test criteria, assuming equal variances and a = 0.10, is tabulated in Table 11.
Samples for leachate were collected about every 6.4 mm (0.25 inch or 22 liters) of
drainage, values are tabulated in Appendix C. These results show that in the 1989
leaching year (June 7, 1989 to April 31, 1990), when the lysimeters were new, there was
no signiﬁcant difference in nitrogen leaching amounts between the undisturbed and the
disturbed lysimeter. Both were fertilized at a rate of 202 kg/ha preplant starting in 1989.
Students t-test results for the 1990, 1991 and 1992 leaching years show that we could not
be 90% conﬁdent that the nitrate loads from the two lysimeters, were the same. In 1993
and 1994 the amounts leached from the two lysimeters were not different at the 90%

conﬁdence level.

82

Table 11. Student's t-Test results for nitrate values found in leachate from lysimeter
#3 (undisturbed) and lysimeter #5 (disturbed). {a = 0.10}

 

t Critical

t two-tail Result
1989 -0.047 1.97 pass
1990 2.463 1.97 fail
1991 -4.947 1.97 fail
1992 ~6.066 1.97 fail
1993 0.523 1.97 pass
1994 -0.134 2.03 pass

 

For the purpose of this analysis, the 1994 season data ended in September. This
made the '94 data set smaller than previous years which went from May 1 to April 31 of

the next year. The size of the data set determines t-critical.

83
Results Of Nitrogen Application Rate And Timing

Table 12 contains a summary of the overall nitrogen balance for the 1990 through
1993 seasons. This balance was performed using data from one of the three plant inbreds
(entry 2). This was the only inbred which was planted on a lysimeter. The ﬁrst year of
data, July 1989 through April 1990, was not utilized for this comparison for two reasons.
First, the control plot received 202 kg/ha of nitrogen in 1989. Second, the ﬁeld in which
the plots were located was not under cultivation for many years prior to the installation of
the lysimeters, but a sparse population of alfalfa still existed. The presence of alfalfa
tilled under and the soil disturbance during the installation of the lysimeters leﬁ
uncertainties of the origin of the nitrogen occurring in drainage during the ﬁrst year, and

to some extent the following years also.

Table 12. Soil-plant nitrogen balance for the period of May 1, 1990 to April 31,
1994.

 

 

Tot Tot Fert Leach“ Tot Tot Net Soil N

Lys. Treatment N N N N N N Change
Cob grain added removed kg/ha

kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha

1 101 19 354 403 123 403 496 -93

2 Model 16 320 112 114 112 449 -337

3 202 19 31 l 806 340 806 670 137

4 O# 15 259 202 77 202 352 ~150

5 202 29 362 806 342 806 733 73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* estimated for dates listed in Table 2.
# The ﬁrst year of the study (1989) the zero treatment received 202 kg/ha and the model

received 90 kg/ha.

84
The nitrogen balance for the 202 kg/ha (180 lb./ac) treatment showed that the

addition of nitrogen at this rate was greater than the total removal of nitrogen from the
soil for the period of May 1, 1990 to May 1, 1993. The Model, 101 kg/ha (9O lb./ac) and
the Control (0 kg/ha) treatments resulted in a net removal of nitrogen from the soil while
maintaining proﬁtable yields (Martin, 1992).

Figure 23 is a graph of cumulative nitrate leached through each lysimeter during
each year for July 1989 to September 1994. This graph shows the differences between
the four nitrogen application rates as measured with disturbed proﬁle lysimeters along
with the undisturbed lysimeter which received a 202 kg/ha preplant application. There is
little difference in the leaching loss between treatments early in each season, but after
harvest the cumulative nitrate curves diverge with the 202 kg/ha treatments leaching more
than twice that for the control treatment. The Model and 101 kg/ha treatments result in
about the same amount of nitrate leaching after a few years of continuous growing of corn
on the same plot. The ﬁrst year 90 kg N/ha was added to the model, then in 1990 and
1991 no fertilizer was applied to the model treatment and the ﬁrst year 202 kg/ha was

applied to the Control (0 kg/ha) plots.

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86

In Figures 24 and 25, cumulative nitrate leached is plotted against cumulative
drainage. These graphs show drainage from May 1, 1992 through April 30, 1993 and
from May 1, 1993 through April 30, 1994, respectively. Cumulative values were reset to
zero on May 1 for each year, this allows the reader to see the difference between
lysimeters and differences between years. The slopes of these lines are proportional to
the nitrate concentration in the drainage water. The steeper the slope, the higher the
concentration of nitrate. The steepest portions of these graphs, thus the heavier
concentrations, happen after approximately the ﬁrst 100 mm of drainage following
planting and initial fertilization each year. During the initial drainage after May 1 graphs
of drainage from all four treatments take about the same path, but through the steepest

parts of the curve the 202 kg/ha treatment line result in a much steeper curve than does

87

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89
the lines for the Model and the 10] kg/ha treatments. The line for the Control treatment

always has the ﬂattest curve, meaning that the concentration of nitrate ﬁom the Control
treatment is the lowest.

The concentration of nitrate in public water, or ground water for public consmnption,
must be less than 10 PPM nitrate. Figure 26 is a graph showing the percentage of
leachate samples which tested to be less than 10 PPM nitrate for each treatment for the
period May 1992 through April 1994. This time period was chosen for presentation
because leachate from more recent years is closer to natural ﬁeld situations than earlier
data which was inﬂuenced more by soil disturbances from ﬁlling the lysimeters. This
leachate is an indication of what is being sent to the ground water. This water will be
diluted by water from non-farmed land.

There has been little difference in yield between the 202 kg/ha application and the
Model treatment. Table 13 contains the stover, cob and grain yield for the inbred on the
lysimeters for growing seasons 1990 through 1993 averaged over four replications.
Figure 27 is a graphical representation of the grain yields with the 90% conﬁdence
intervals shown. From Table 13 and Figure 27 it is seen that the model treatment
produced slightly more than the conventional 202 kg/ha treatment 3 out of the 4 years,
but conﬁdence intervals overlap making differences not signiﬁcant. Grain yield from the

101 kg/ha treatment was consistently higher than that for the 202 kg/ha treatment.

90

 

 

 

    
 

{Undisturbed}

 

Percentage of Samples Below 10 ppm
\A
o

202 kg/ha 202 kg/hl l0l 1:th Model 0 kg/ha

Figure 26. Percentage of drainage samples testing below 10 ppm nitrate (5-92 to 8-
94).

 

 

 

 

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harvests.

91

Table 13. Yield taken at harvest for inbred 2.

 

 

 

Year Treatment Total Total Total
Dry Stover Dry Cob Dry Grain

kg N/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha

90 202 7236 1260 5229
90 0 (model) 7666 1386 5749
90 101 7404 1345 5450
90 0 6760 l 193 5137
91 202 9144 1350 4929
91 0 (model) 8436 1133 4605
91 101 9996 1378 5511
91 0 8571 1 101 4558
92 202 9285 1328 4247
92 (model) 8156 1378 4427
92 101 8474 1234 4777
92 0 6798 1 146 3706
93 202 9881 1352 5253
93 (model) 8602 1369 5268
93 101 9322 1549 6036
93 0 7596 1219 5051

 

 

 

 

 

 

DISCUSSION

The initial hypothesis was:
No signiﬁcant difference in drainage amounts is present between data from
the disturbed proﬁle lysimeters and the undisturbed proﬁle lysimeter installed
near Constantine. Agreement with a 90% level of conﬁdence was chosen as
an acceptable agreement.

This hypothesis is true for the last year of data analyzed, but signiﬁcant
differences did exist before 1993. Student's t-test results have shown that drainage data
and nitrogen leachate data from the disturbed lysimeter for 1989 through 1992 are
signiﬁcantly different, at a 90% conﬁdence level, than drainage and leachate from the
undisturbed lysimeter over the same time period.

The ﬁrst sizable drainage event was forced by irrigation on October 30, 1989.
This event drained differently through the disturbed lysimeters than it did through the
undisturbed lysimeter. Although the undisturbed lysimeter received more water than any
of the disturbed lysimeters, the drainage ﬂow through the undisturbed lysimeter peaked
approximately 35 hours after the peak ﬂow in the disturbed lysimeters. This trend of
time to peak in the undisturbed lysimeter lagging that of the disturbed lysimeters
continued until October 1991 with a gradual lessening of the difference between peak
flows, with each disturbed lysimeter slowing at different rates.

Drainage events peaked very close together in May, June, July and August of
1991. But in October and November of 1991, the drainage ﬂow from the disturbed
lysimeters began arriving at peak ﬂow, 16 to 19 hours, after the drainage peaked in the
undisturbed lysimeter (lysimeter 3). The largest lag which occurred in the period ﬁ'orn
October 1991 to September 16, 1993 was a 29 hour difference during October of 1992

92

93

between the undisturbed lysimeter and lysimeters 1 and 5. This difference in time to peak
has gradually decreased to a point were all lysimeters peak within 10 hours of each other,
not in any repetitive order.

These three phases of diﬂeﬁng times to peak support a theory that ﬁlled-in
lysimeters will drain faster than expected through a weak macropore structure for the ﬁrst
few years. After the soil has settled, the ﬁlled in lysimeters may drain more slowly due to
reduced macropore area.

Drainage through soil ﬂows through pores of various sizes in the soil at different
rates. In an undisturbed lysimeter the soil pores remain unaltered preserving whatever
macropores exist, except for the top layer of soil which is normally plowed. In the
disturbed lysimeters the soil is dug out and replaced by horizon, maintaining as closely as
possible the same density and horizon thickness, but it is not currently possible to
reestablish soil pore structure to its original state. Soil structure and texture work
together to form the pores which water flows through. In disturbed soils most micropores
have been altered, but many new macropores are believed to be present. The macropores
which are initially formed from repacking disturbed soils are short-lived and eventually
are reduced in size by ﬁnes from the soil above (Kohnke et al, 1940). This is what is
believed to have happened to the soil in the disturbed lysimeters at Constantine.

Great care was taken with this soil to repack the soil in the disturbed lysimeters to
the original location and soil density. But, soil density was not the only factor affecting
drainage. The proportion of macropores and micropores determines soil porosity.
Changing in these proportions will change soil porosity.

As can be seen from the time to peek data, water ﬂowed through the disturbed
lysimeters faster than through the undisturbed lysimeter from 1989 until the summer of
1991. One possible reason for slowing of the water ﬂow is that macropores in the

disturbed lysimeters could have closed up enough in 1991 so that the ﬂow through the

94

disturbed lysimeters was close to that seen in the undisturbed lysimeter. Then, as shown
by drainage ﬂows through the disturbed lysimeters peaking aﬁer the ﬂow peaked in the
undisturbed lysimeter, the disturbed lysimeters drained slower starting in the summer of
1991.

The depth of encased soil is different between the disturbed lysimeters and the
undisturbed lysimeter. The undisturbed lysimeter is only 84% the depth of the disturbed
lysimeters. This could change the time to peak drainage in the lysimeter and also change
the timing and amount of peak nitrogen leaching.

Since 1992, differences in the time to peak ﬂow through the lysimeters have
continually decreased to the point where in 1993 no one lysimeter consistently lags the
other four. This improvement in drainage could be due to improved soil structure in the
disturbed soil proﬁles. The soil has been undergoing a natural process of rebuilding
macropores and micropores since installation. While the macropores created during
installation were degrading and ﬁlling in, roots, worms and other soil fauna along with
water draining, freezing and thawing have been continually moving soil particles,
forming the soil pore matrix. The author now believes that the soil is regaining a balance
between macropores and micropores which will eventually stay as stable as the structure
in the undisturbed lysimeter. This process may take several years before better
correlation-between the disturbed lysimeter soils and the undisturbed lysimeter soil is
achieved.

Average drainage from the ﬁve lysimeters was also compared to a calculated
drainage. This estimate of drainage was based on actual rainfall and irrigation data, and
calculated evapotranspiration data generated using an irrigation scheduling package titled
"SCS-Scheduler Version 3.00" (Shayya & Bralts, 1994). This comparison allowed the

author to place more conﬁdence in the overall accuracy of the measured drainage from

95

the lysimeters. The calculated drainage shows the trends seen in the fall in the actual
drainage, but also shows no drainage during summer months. However, drainage in the
lysimeters continued even during the driest part of the year when irrigation was required.

The equation utilized to calculate drainage incorporated one soil storage term for
the entire depth of the lysimeter. Better correlation might be achieved with two or more
soil storage terms, or one for each horizon, incorporating each horizon's water holding
capacity and initial water content. Two term equations could be made with a macropore
transport term and a separate term for micropores, allowing for rapid transport of some
water through a macropore system and slowly moving other water through a micropore
system.

Nitrate loads found in drainage were signiﬁcantly different between the two types
of lysimeters for the period 1989 through 1992. During the 1990 season, before the
errors associated with January through March 1991, the disturbed soil leached about 50%
more nitrate than the undisturbed soil. Then, in the 1991 and 1992 seasons the disturbed
lysimeter leached much less than the undisturbed soil. In 1993 the two lysimeters
leached, and drained about the same.

Differences in nitrate concentrations the ﬁrst year were not detectable. There was
below normal precipitation and due to this, drainage was minimal the ﬁrst summer and
fall. The disturbed lysimeter leached higher nitrate concentrations than was seen from the
undisturbed lysimeter the second year and part of the third year (1990 and 1991).

The disturbed lysimeter then began leaching lower concentrations of nitrate than
was found in the undisturbed lysimeter in 1991. This disagreement then slowly lessened
and in 1993 and 1994 there was no signiﬁcant difference (based on a two-tailed Student's
t-test with a = 0.10) between leachate from the disturbed lysimeter and undisturbed

lysimeter.

96

The data from the disturbed and undisturbed lysimeters near Constantine seem to

support the statement which Kohnke et al (1940) made which stated that:

"In the ﬁlled-in lysimeters it is frequently noticed that in the ﬁrst year or two the

nitrate content of the percolate is rather high, but aﬂerwards it decreases to very

low rates. "
With the long study, which has so far incorporated ﬁve years of lysimeter study at the
same sight with one of the objectives being to compare a disturbed soil proﬁle lysimeter
to an undisturbed proﬁle lysimeter. It has appeared in the last year that soil
characteristics of the disturbed soil can eventually be considered the same as the
undisturbed soil proﬁle for drainage studies. In this study, with a loamy sand, it took ﬁve
years for the soil in a disturbed lysimeter to adjust to approximately the same drainage
characteristics as was found in the undisturbed lysimeter.

As was seen with the ﬁrst large drainage events, much more nitrate leached ﬁ'om
the disturbed soil than leached from the undisturbed soil. This could be due to the fact
that the nitrogen held in organic matter was exposed to oxygen and water and mineralized
faster than organic matter in the undisturbed soil. The undisturbed lysimeter also
potentially suffered from the effect of aeration of organic soil because the top horizon of
the soil in the lysimeter was disturbed. After the newly mineralized nitrogen washed out,
leaching decreased, possibly due to the reduced supply of nitrate-nitrogen along
preferential water ﬂow pathways. As the soil structure is slowly rebuilt, the nitrogen

balance is expected to become closer to that found in undisturbed soils.

97

The best type of lysimeter to build is of course the undisturbed soil proﬁle
lysimeter. This lysimeter is costly to build on a large scale, but is the most reliable over a
wide range of soils and can conﬁdently be compared to entire ﬁeld operations with
minimal error. Undisturbed lysimeter installations should still undergo a year of
operation before data is used to compare to real ﬁeld situations. This is due to the
disturbance of the top soil.

Disturbed soil proﬁle lysimeters can be used with conﬁdence for comparing
treatments in sandy soils. The disturbed lysimeters are much less time consuming to
install and much cheaper. Aﬁer a few years have passed and the disturbed lysimeters
have matured and regained pore structure, they can then be conﬁdently used as a model
for the natural soil conditions. In the Constantine case an undisturbed lysimeter of the
same surface area was available in the same ﬁeld for comparison. When aging process in
the disturbed lysimeters had progressed far enough, the lysimeters drained and leached
nitrate similarly. Soil structure, as well as soil type must be considered when choosing a
site for a group of disturbed lysimeters.

The results of the ﬁrst ﬁve years of nitrogen application rate and timing studies
which used the disturbed lysimeters show that disturbed lysimeters can deﬁnitely be used
for comparisons of cultural practices on sandy soils. The nitrate load data for 1990 shows
the 0 kg/ha plot, which received 202 kg N/ha in 1989, leaching more than the model plot,
which received 90 kg N/ha in 1989 and no nitrogen in 1990. In 1991, 1992 and 1993
most trends between the four disturbed lysimeters are relatively unchanging from year to
year.

One trend, which attention should be drawn to, is the closeness of the nitrate load
results between the 101 kg/ha split application and the model. Yield is very close
between all treatments, but nitrate leaching is very close between the model and the 101
kg/ha treatments. The 202 kg/ha treatments leach two to three times more nitrate than the

model or the 101 kg/ha treatments.

98

Grain yields for the Model treatment and the 101 kg N/ha treatment have not
shown signiﬁcant differences when compared to the 202 kg N/ha treatment. The last year
of the study, 1994, the control was beginning to show a signiﬁcant grain yield difference.
This work shows that a treatment such as the Model treatment or even a 101 kg N/ha split
application will reduce the nitrogen added to the ground water supply without
signiﬁcantly reducing yields.

There deﬁnitely exists signiﬁcant nitrate concentration differences in leachate
from the four nitrogen treatments. The zero nitrogen treatment still produced nitrate
leachate, but over 90% of the leachate samples ﬁom May 1, 1992 through August 31,
1994 tested below 10 PPM, which is the public water supply standard for nitrogen.

About 40% of the leachate samples from the conventional 202 kg N/ha treatment tested
below the 10 PPM level. For the 101 kg N/ha treatment about 65% of the samples were
below 10 PPM nitrogen and for the Model over 70% were below 10 PPM.

These nitrogen rate and timing results show that better nitrogen
management leads to less nitrate loss through leaching. The best nitrogen management
practice will be multiple applications of small quantities of nitrogen at periods in the

plants life cycle when the plant needs nitrogen.

CONCLUSIONS

Objective 1:

During the ﬁrst three years, 1989 through 1991, the disturbed lysimeters drainage
rates were not the same as the undisturbed lysimeters rates. After this three year period of
aging, we are conﬁdent that the disturbed lysimeters drained the same amount at the same

rate.

Objective 2:

Differences in nitrate concentrations the ﬁrst year were not detectable. The
second year and part of the third year (1990 and 1991), the disturbed lysimeter leached
higher nitrate concentrations than was seen from the undisturbed lysimeter. The disturbed
lysimeter then began leaching lower concentrations of nitrate than undisturbed lysimeter in
1991. This disagreement then slowly lessened and in 1992 and 1993 there were no
signiﬁcant differences between leachate concentrations from the disturbed lysimeter and

the undisturbed lysimeter.

Objective 3:

There exists signiﬁcant nitrate concentration differences in leachate from the four
nitrogen treatments.

Grain yields for the Model treatment and the 101 kg N/ha treatment did not show
signiﬁcant differences when compared to the 202 kg N/ha treatment. The last year of the

study, 1994, the control (0 kg/ha) was beginning to show a grain yield difference.

99

REFERENCES

Aboukhaled, A., Alfaro, A. & Smith, M. 1982. Lysimeters. FAO Irrigation and
Drainage Paper 39. Food Agric. Org., Rome, Italy. pp 68.

Belford, R. K. 1979. Collection and evaluation of large soil monoliths for soil and crop
studies. J. Soil Sci. 30:363-373.

Bergstrom, L. 1987. Nitrate leaching and drainage from annual and perennial crops in
tile drained plots and lysimeters. J. Environ. Qual. 16:11-18.

Bergstrom, L. 1989. Use of lysimeters to estimate leaching of pesticides in agricultural
soils. Michigan State University Dep. Crop and Soil Science Brown Bag Seminar
(1 989).

Beven, Keith and Germann, Peter. 1982. Macropores and Water Flows in Soils. Water
Resour. Res. 18(5): 1 31 1-1325

Biggar, J. W. and Nielsen, D. R. 1976. The spatial variability of the leaching
characteristics of a ﬁeld soil. Water Resour. Res. 12:78-84.

Black, T. A., Thurthell, G. W. & Tanner, C. B. 1968. Hydraulic Load cell lysimeters;
construction, calibration and tests. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32:623-629.

Brown, K. W., Thomas, J. C. & Aurelius, M. W. 1985. Collection and testing barrel
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Brown, K. W., Gerrard, C. J ., Hipp, B. W. & Ritchie, J. T. 1974. A procedure for
placing large undisturbed monoliths in lysimeters. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 38:981-983.

Cassell, D. K., Kreuger, T. H., Schroer, F. W. & Norum, E. B. 1974. Solute movement
through disturbed and undisturbed soil cores. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 38:36-40.

Dowdell, R. J. & Webster, C. P. 1980. A lysimeter study using nitrogen-15 on the
uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by perennial ryegrass swards and losses by leaching. J. Soil
Sci. 31:65-75.

Dreibelbis, F. R. 1961. Comparison of soil moisture regimen in lysimeters with that on
adjacent watersheds. U.S. Agric. Res. Serv. ARS. 41-47.

100

101

Fisher, D. K. & Elliot, R L. 1994. Experiences with remote, low-cost, weighing
lysimeters. ASAE paper. 94-2077.

Garstka, W. U. 193 7. Design of the automatic recording in-place lysimeters near
Coshocton, Ohio. Soil Sci. Soc. Proc. 2555-559.

Harrold, L. L. & Dreibelbis, F. R. 1958. Evaluation of agricultural hydrology by
monolithic lysimeters 1944 - 1955. USDA Tech. Bull. 1179. 166p. illus.

King, L. D., Leyshon, A. J. & Webber, L. R. 1977. Application of municipal refuse and
liquid sewage sludge to agricultural land: H. J. Environ. Qual. 6(1):67-71.

Kohnke, H., Dreibelbis, F. R. & Davidson, J. M. 1940. A survey and discussion of
lysimeters and a bibliography on their construction and performance. USDA Misc. Pub].
374. 68p.

Litaor, M. I. 1988. Review of soil solution samplers. Water Resour. Res. 24(5):727-
733.

Loudon, T. L., Ritchie, J. T., Lupkes, S., Henningsen, F. J. & Gerrish, P. 1991. Design
and Installation of drainage lysimeters for sandy soils. ASAE paper. 91-2144.

Martin, E, C. 1992. Management Strategies to minimize nitrate leaching in seed corn
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Martin, E. C., Loudon, T. L., Ritchie, J. T. & Werner, A. 1994. Use of drainage
lysimeters to evaluate nitrogen and irrigation management strategies to minimize nitrate
leaching in maize production. Trans. Am. Soc. Ag. Eng. 37(1):79-83.

McMahon, M. A. & Thomas, G. W. 1974. Chloride and tritiated water ﬂow in disturbed
and undisturbed soil cores. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 38:727-732.

Prunty, L. & Montgomery, B. R. 1991. Lysirneter study of nitrogen fertilizer irrigation
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Richter, G. & Jury, W. A. 1986. A microlysimeter ﬁeld study of solute transport through
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Ritchie, J. T. et. al. 1993. Irrigation water and nitrogen management project for hybrid
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by author.

Ritchie, J. T. & Burnett, E. 1968. A precision weighing lysimeter for row crop water use
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102

Schneider, A. D., Ayars, J. E. & Phene, C. J. 1993. Combining monolithic and repacked
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Shaw, K. & Jones, E. 1974. Lysirneter studies on movement of applied mineral nitrogen
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Thomas, Grant W. and Phillips, E. 1979. Consequences of Water Movement in
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USDA. 1983. Soil Survey of St. Joseph County Michigan. USDA. pp 108.

Van De Pol, R. M., Wierenga, P. J. and Nielsen, D. R. 1977. Solute Movement in a Field
Soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:10-13.

Watts, D. G., & Martin, D. L. 1981. Effects of water and nitrogen management on
nitrate leaching loss from sands. Trans. Am Soc. Ag. Eng. 25:911-916.

Webster, C. P. & Dowdell, R. J. 1985. A lysimeter study of the fate of nitrogen applied
to perennial ryegrass: soil analysis and the ﬁnal balance sheet. J. Soil Sci. 36:605-611.

Wild, A. & Babider, I. A. 1976. The Asymmetric Leaching Pattern Of Nitrate and
Chloride In A Loamy Sand Under Field Conditions. J of Soil Sci. 27:460-466.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A.

Lysirneter drainage volumes.

Daily drainage by lysimeter
Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 4 5
(M) (m!!!) (min) (min) (In!!!) Changed

23-Jun-89 8 8 6 5 9
24-Jun-89 8 8 6 5 9
25-Jun-89 8 8 6 6 9
26-Jun-89 8 9 6 6 9
27-Jun-89 7 8 5 5 8
28-Jun-89 6 7 5 3 7
29-Jun-89 6 6 4 4 6
30-Jun-89 7 8 4 6 7
1-Jul-89 6 7 4 5 6
2-Jul-89 6 7 3 4 6
3-Jul-89 5 6 3 4 5
4-Ju1-89 5 6 2 4 5
5-Jul-89 5 5 3 3 5
6-Jul-89 5 6 3 4 5
7-Jul-89 5 6 3 3 5
8-Jul-89 5 6 3 5 5
9-Jul-89 5 6 3 5 5
10-Ju1-89 4 6 3 3 5
11-Ju1-89 4 4 2 3 4
12-Ju1-89 4 5 2 4 4
13-Ju1-89 4 5 2 4 4
14-Jul-89 4 4 2 2 4

103

104

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

15-Jul-89
l6-Jul-89
1 7-Jul-89
1 8-Jul-89
1 9-Jul-89
20-Jul-89
21-Jul-89
22-Jul-89
23-Jul-89
24-Jul-89
25-Ju1-89
26-Jul-89
27-Jul-89
28-Jul-89
29-Jul-89
30-Jul-89
3 1-Jul-89
l -Aug-89
2-Aug-89
3-Aug-89
4-Aug-89
5-Aug-89
6-Aug-89
7-Aug-89
8-Aug—89
9-Aug-89
lO-Aug-89
1 1-Aug—89
12-Aug-89
1 3-Aug-89
14-Aug-89
1 5-Aug-89
l 6-Aug-89
1 7-Aug-89
1 8-Aug-89
l9-Aug-89
20-Aug-89
2 1 -Aug-89
22-Aug-89

_——~———NN_————~—NwAwwmwwwwwNNNNNwwhh-hhw
MNMAWWNWUJUJAWNWWMF—NNWUNNNw-‘AMNNNCﬂ—nhuwww

ww-thMh-b-bhilthbe-hUtUIQO‘O‘UIMQOb-hAwwwwwwh-bbbb
u—nn—nn—o-uu—nu—nu—tn—In-doooooooocooo—u—I—u—tu—n—ni—ot—II—u—nu—nu—tNNNNNv—t

105
Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

23-Aug-89
24-Aug-89
25-Aug-89
26-Aug-89
27-Aug-89
28-Aug—89
29-Aug-89
30-Aug-89
3 1-Aug-89
1 -Sep-89
2-Sep-89
3-Sep-89
4-Sep-89
5-Sep-89
6-Sep-89
7-Sep-89
8-Sep-89
9-Sep-89
10-Sep-89
1 1-Sep-89
12-Sep-89
1 3-Sep-89
l4-Sep-89
1 5-Sep-89
16-Sep-89
1 7-Sep-89
1 8-Sep-89
19-Sep-89
20-Sep-89
2 1-Sep-89
22-Sep-89
23-Sep-89
24-Sep-89
25-Sep-89
26-Sep-89
27-Sep-89
28-Sep-89
29-Sep-89
30-Sep-89
1-0ct-89

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106

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(nun) (mm (min) (min) (nun) Changed

2-0ct-89 1 0 l 1 1 1,3 ,4.
3-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
4-Oct-89 0 0 0 O 0 1,3,4,
5-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
6-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 l 1,3 ,4,
7-Oct-89 O 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
8-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
9-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
10-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3 ,4,
ll-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
12-Oct-89 0 0 0 O 0 1,3,4,
13-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
14-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
15-Oct-89 0 O O 0 0 1,3,4,
l6-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
l7-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
18-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 1,3,4,
19-0ct-89 0 O O 0 0 3,4,
20-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 3,4,
21-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 0 3,4.
22-0ct-89 0 0 0 0 0 3,4,
23-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 3,4,
24-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 3.4.
25-Oct-89 0 O 0 0 0 3,4,
26-Oct-89 0 0 0 0 0 3,4,
27-Oct-89 1 l 1 1 0 3,4,
28-Oct-89 0 0 0 2 0 3
29-0ct-89 0 O 0 2 0 3
30-Oct-89 1 0 0 5 O 3
31-Oct-89 245 118 17 164 91
1-Nov-89 366 275 101 324 371
2-Nov-89 136 179 1 17 144 147
3-Nov-89 80 79 101 84 79
4-Nov-89 54 43 86 59 57
5-Nov-89 43 32 78 46 46
6-Nov-89 32 25 71 31 36
7-Nov-89 28 24 65 28 29
8-Nov-89 24 22 59 26 26
9-Nov-89 20 1 7 57 2 l 22

lO-Nov-89 l6 13 55 17 18

107

Date Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (min) (mm (mm (min) Changed

1 l-Nov-89 20 18 53 25 18
12-Nov-89 22 20 47 26 19
13-Nov-89 24 23 43 27 24
14-Nov-89 23 20 35 23 24
15-Nov-89 23 22 32 23 23
16-Nov-89 3 5 29 3 1 47 42
17-Nov-89 8 1 98 54 104 60
18-Nov-89 99 77 70 99 83
19-Nov-89 76 54 68 79 72
20-Nov-89 55 39 59 54 53
21-Nov-89 42 29 46 41 41
22-Nov-89 36 26 40 35 35
23-Nov-89 32 23 36 3 l 30
24-Nov-89 3O 22 33 29 27
25-Nov-89 28 21 30 27 26
26-Nov-89 24 17 28 23 23
27-Nov-89 24 20 26 27 24
28-Nov-89 18 13 29 14 18
29-Nov-89 18 14 27 20 1 8
30-Nov-89 16 13 23 18 17
1-Dec-89 15 12 19 18 16
2-Dec-89 14 11 17 16 16
3-Dec-89 12 9 17 14 13
4-Dec-89 14 12 18 18 15
5-Dec-89 12 9 17 13 12
6-Dec-89 10 7 15 10 11
7-Dec-89 9 6 14 9 8
8-Dec-89 11 8 14 13 9
9-Dec-89 11 9 14 14 10
10-Dec-89 10 8 13 10 9
11-Dec-89 9 6 12 9 8
12-Dec-89 9 7 11 10 8
13-Dec-89 9 7 10 10 7
l4-Dec-89 8 6 10 8 7
15-Dec-89 8 6 9 9 7
16-Dec-89 7 5 8 6 6
17-Dec-89 7 5 8 7 5
18-Dec-89 7 5 7 7 5
19-Dec-89 7 5 6 8 5
20-Dec-89 6 5 6 6 5

108
Date Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

2 1 -Dec-89
22-Dec-89
23-Dec-89
24-Dec-89
25-Dec-89
26-Dec-89
27-Dec-89
28-Dec-89
29-Dec-89
30-Dec-89
3 1-Dec-89
1 Jan-90
2-Jan-90
3-Jan-90
4-Jan-90
5-Jan-90
6-Jan-9O
7-Jan-90
8-Jan-90
9-Jan-90
1 0-Jan-90
1 1-Jan-90
12-Jan-90
1 3-Jan-90
l4-Jan-90
1 5-Jan-90
1 6-Jan-90
1 7-Jan-90
1 8-Jan-90
19-Jan-90
20-Jan-90
2 1-Jan-90
22-Jan-90
23-Jan-90
24-Jan-90
25-Jan-90
26-Jan-90
27-Jan-90
28-Jan-90
29-Jan-90

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31-Jan-
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3-Feb—‘.
4-Feb-‘.
5-Feb-S
6-Feb-l
7-Feb-‘.
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14-Feb—
1.5-Feb-
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109

Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysimeter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5 '

(m!!!) (min) (mm) (nun) (min) Changed
30-Jan-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
3l-Jan-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
l-Feb-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
2-Feb-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
3-Feb-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
4-Feb-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
5-Feb-90 0 0 O 0 0 all
6-Feb-90 18 18 16 21 13
7-Feb-90 25 16 22 19 20
8-Feb-90 26 23 22 27 24
9-Feb-90 23 19 22 21 23
10-Feb-90 20 17 21 19 21
11-Feb—90 18 15 20 17 19
12-Feb-90 17 14 19 17 18
l3-Feb-90 15 14 18 13 17
14-Feb-90 14 11 17 13 14
15-Feb-90 15 13 16 15 16
l6-Feb-90 12 11 15 9 13
l7-Feb-90 10 8 14 8 10
18-Feb-90 12 11 13 13 12
19-Feb-90 9 9 12 7 11
20-Feb-90 9 8 12 9 10
21-Feb-90 10 10 11 11 11
22-Feb-90 97 41 14 1 1 1 32
23-Feb-90 121 140 30 127 78
24-Feb-90 85 94 42 77 8 1
25-Feb-90 68 66 51 57 84
26-Feb-90 54 53 50 49 7O
27-Feb-90 43 39 45 37 53
28-Feb-90 35 31 38 31 43
1-Mar-90 31 28 35 29 38
2-Mar-90 26 24 32 24 32
3-Mar-90 22 1 8 28 26 25
4-Mar-90 25 17 25 27 23
5-Mar-90 23 15 23 21 19
6-Mar-90 20 13 22 17 16
7-Mar-90 19 14 21 18 16
8-Mar-90 19 17 20 19 17
9-Mar-90 91 66 29 90 17

10-Mar-90 74 127 44 80 73

D:

110
Date Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

ll-Mar-9O 61 204 58 72 169
12-Mar-90 58 118 71 48 128
13-Mar-90 62 78 75 48 96
14-Mar-90 58 5 8 70 47 74
15-Mar-90 48 43 58 40 57
16-Mar-90 41 36 47 37 47
17-Mar-90 34 30 39 30 39
1 8-Mar-90 29 23 36 24 32
19-Mar-90 24 20 33 20 27
20-Mar-90 22 19 28 20 25
21-Mar-90 16 13 18 13 18
22-Mar-90 16 14 20 13 19
23-Mar-90 14 1 1 19 1 1 15
24-Mar-90 14 12 18 13 15
25-Mar-90 13 1 1 17 12 14
26-Mar-90 11 9 17 9 13‘
27-Mar-90 l l 9 15 10 12
28-Mar-90 10 9 14 10 14
29-Mar-90 9 8 1 3 9 12
30-Mar-90 8 12 8 10
31-Mar-90 8 7 1 1 8 9
l-Apr-90 12 9 1 5 5 8
2-Apr-90 1 9 12 l 6 6 8
3-Apr-90 20 14 15 8 10
4-Apr-90 19 1 5 15 8 1 1
5-Apr-90 1 6 14 13 7 1 1
6-Apr-90 1 5 13 12 7 1 1
7-Apr-90 1 3 12 1 2 6 1 1
8-Apr-90 12 1 1 1 1 6 10
9-Apr-90 12 1 1 1 1 9 11
10-Apr-90 15 14 14 14 12
11-Apr-90 13 12 14 12 11
12-Apr-90 13 1 1 14 15 12
13-Apr-90 19 17 15 23 12
14-Apr-90 3 1 32 1 8 30 16
15-Apr-90 33 3 1 20 3 l 24
16-Apr-90 3 1 28 22 29 30
17-Apr-90 27 22 23 22 27
18-Apr-90 27 23 23 24 26

l9-Apr-90 28 25 24

N
05

29

111

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

20-Apr-90 26 23 ' 23 24 27
2 l-Apr-90 23 19 23 2 1 24
22-Apr-90 22 19 22 20 23
23-Apr-90 20 18 22 22 2 1
24-Apr-90 21 24 24 28 20
25-Apr-90 23 27 25 28 22
26-Apr-90 24 26 26 27 25
27-Apr-90 22 23 26 24 25
28-Apr-90 21 2 l 25 2 1 24
29-Apr-90 1 9 1 7 23 1 7 2 1
30-Apr-90 17 16 22 16 19
l-May-90 1 5 14 20 15 17
2-May-90 14 13 19 13 16
3-May-90 13 12 17 13 15
4-May-90 14 14 17 l6 l6
5-May-9O 11 ll 16 10 13
6-May-90 10 10 1 5 1 0 12
7-May-90 10 10 14 10 1 1
8-May-90 9 8 13 8 11
9-May-90 10 10 12 1 1 1 1
lO-May-90 8 9 12 6 10
ll-May-90 6 5 11 4 7
12-May-90 8 8 10 10 9
l3-May-90 6 6 10 5 8
l4-May-90 8 7 27 7
15-May-90 28 3 1 48 21 1 1
l6-May-90 46 45 51 38 32
17-May-90 56 58 59 69 54
18-May-90 177 146 96 143 177
19-May-90 1 03 85 94 91 1 1 3
20-May-90 67 54 80 56 7]
21-May-90 49 40 66 42 52
22-May-90 3 8 32 57 33 4 1
23-May-90 33 27 49 28 34
24-May-90 27 23 4 1 24 28
25-May-90 24 20 36 22 25
26-May-90 2 1 18 3 1 19 22
27-May-90 18 16 25 16 19
28-May-90 1 6 l 5 26 1 5 1 7

29-May-90 1 3 1 3 26 12 15

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8.1L

112
Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

30-May-90 12 l 1 21 12 13
31-May-90 12 ll 19 12 13
1-Jun-9O 11 11 17 12 12
2-Jun-90 12 1 l 16 13 12
3-Jun-90 1 0 9
4-Jun-90 9
5-Jun-90
6-Jun-90
7-Jun-90
8-Jun-90
9-Jun-90
10-Jun-90
1 1-Jun-90
12-Jun-90
13-Jun-90
14-Jun-90
1 5-Jun-90
l 6-Jun-90
1 7-Jun-90
1 8-Jun-90
19-Jun-90
20-Jun-90
2 l-Jun-90
22-Jun-90
23-Jun-90
24-Jun-90
25-Jun-90
26-Jun-90
27-Jun-90
28-Jun-90
29-Jun-90
30-Jun-90
1 -Ju1-90
2-Jul-90
3-Jul-90
4-Ju1-90
5-Ju1-90
6-Jul-90
7-Jul-90
8-Jul-90

ﬂ
O
Hid
Q05
U)
—l
_

U‘
0
~
{It
—
_

all

bhwwhb43>°$bAb$abbAO5UtUIUtUIONO~ONO~OQQGQOOOOOO
Awwwhbe-hbbhbAbO‘QK/IO‘QGO‘O‘GQQQGO‘QOONOOOO
uhwwwuboItsAubmbwwmumomqaomamqaxammm
Awww-hbbobbbbhhhONO\UtO\O\O\O\O\O\\I\I\I\I\IOOOOOO\O\O\D

wwwuwwwcanaawuuao‘aqqmmmooc

 

Date

9-Jul-
lO-Jul
ll-Jul
12-Jul
l3-Jul
l4-Jul
lS-Jul
16-Ju3
l7-Ju'
18-Ju'
l9-Ju
20-lu
21-Ju
22-Ju
23-Ju
24-Ju
25-Ju
26-Ju
27-Ju
28-Ju
29-Jt
30—JL
3 1 -JL
l-Au
2-Au

4-Au

13‘A
14-A.

15‘A

17‘A

113

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

9-Jul-90 3 4 3 3 4
10-Jul-90 3 3 3 3 3
11-Ju1-90 3 3 3 4 3
12-Jul-90 3 3 3 2 3
l3-Jul-90 3 3 3 4 3
l4-Jul-90 3 4 3 4 4
15-Jul-90 2 3 2 2 3
16-Jul-90 2 2 2 2 3
l7-Jul-90 2 2 2 2 3
18-Jul-90 3 2 2 3 3
19-Jul-90 3 3 2 3 3
20-Jul-90 3 3 2 3 3
21-Jul-90 2 2 2 5 3
22-Ju1-90 2 2 2 6 3
23-Jul-90 2 2 2 l9 2
24-Jul-90 4 2 2 22 2
25-Jul-90 9 2 2 21 2
26-Jul-90 12 2 2 21 2
27-Jul-90 13 3 3 20 3
28-Jul-90 13 4 3 19 4
29-Ju1-90 l3 5 4 17 4
30-Jul-90 11 5 4 14 4
31-Jul-90 10 4 4 13 3
1-Aug-90 10 4 4 12 3
2-Aug-90 9 5 5 l2 4
3-Aug-90 9 5 5 11 4
4-Aug-90 9 5 5 11 4
5-Aug-90 7 4 5 8 4
6-Aug-90 7 4 5 8 3
7-Aug-90 7 4 5 9 4
8-Aug-90 7 4 5 8 4
9-Aug-90 7 4 5 8 4
10-Aug-90 6 4 4 7 4
11-Aug-90 6 4 4 6 4
12-Aug-90 6 4 4 6 3
13-Aug-90 5 3 4 10 3
l4-Aug-90 6 3 7 18 3
lS-Aug-90 8 3 12 19 4
16-Aug-90 8 3 14 19 5
17-Aug-90 8 4 16 20 6

Date

l8-Aug-'
19-Aug-
ZED-Aug-
21-Aug-
ZZZ-Aug-
2.3-Aug-
2.4-Aug-
25-Aug-
26-Aug-
27-Aug-
28-Aug
29—Aug
30-Aug
31-Aug
l-Sep-
2-Sep-
3-Sep-
4-Sep
5-Sep
6-Sep
7-Sep
3-Sep
9-Sep
lO-Se]
1 1‘36]

12‘Se‘.

22-S<

35-s.

114

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeter4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm (mm) (min) (mm (mm) Changed
18-Aug-90 8 4 16 18 7
19-Aug-90 7 4 16 15 8
20-Aug-90 8 4 16 15 8
21-Aug-90 8 5 15 14 9
22-Aug-90 8 5 14 15 9
23-Aug-90 10 5 15 18 9
24-Aug-90 12 6 15 23 1 1
25-Aug-90 14 8 16 23 14
26-Aug-90 15 9 16 21 16
27-Aug-90 1 5 9 16 20 1 7
28-Aug-90 15 10 l6 17 16
29-Aug-90 14 9 15 15 15
30-Aug-90 13 8 14 14 14
31-Aug-90 12 8 14 13 13
1-Sep-90 12 8 13 12 12
2-Sep-90 11 7 12 11 11
3-Sep—90 11 6 ll 10 10
4-Sep-90 11 7 11 11 10
5-Sep-90 10 7 10 10 10
6-Sep-90 10 7 10 11 9
7-Sep-90 8 6 9 6 8
8-Sep-90 8 5 8 8 7
9-Sep-90 8 6 8 7 7
10-Sep-90 7 5 7 7 7
ll-Sep-90 7 4 7 7 6
12-Sep-90 7 5 7 7 6
13-Sep-90 7 5 6 8 6
14-Sep-90 7 6 6 7 7
15-Sep-90 6 4 6 6 6
l6-Sep-90 5 3 5 4 5
17-Sep-90 5 2 5 4 4
l8-Sep-90 6 3 5 7 5
l9-Sep-90 5 4 4 5 5
20-Sep-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
21-Sep-90 5 3 4 6 5
22-Sep-90 4 3 4 4 4
23-Sep-90 3 2 3 8 4
24-Sep-90 6 2 3 14 4
25-Sep-90 11 3 3 15 5
26-Sep-90 10 3 3 10 5

 

Dar

Date

27-Sep-90
28-Sep-90
29-Sep-90
30-Sep-90
1 -Oct-90
2-Oct-90
3-Oct-90
4-Oct-90
5-Oct-90
6-Oct-90
7-Oct-90
8-Oct-90
9-Oct-90
10-0ct-90
1 1-Oct-90
1 2-Oct-90
1 3 -Oct-90
14-Oct-90
1 5-Oct-90
16-Oct-90
1 7-Oct-90
1 8-Oct-90
1 9-Oct-90
20-Oct-90
2 1 -Oct-9O
22-Oct-90
23-Oct-90
24-0ct-90
25-Oct-90
26-Oct-90
27-Oct-90
28-Oct-90
29-Oct-90
30-Oct-90
3 1-0ct-90
1 -Nov-90
2-Nov-90
3-Nov-90
4-Nov-90
5-Nov-90

Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeter4 Lysirneter

1
(mm

309
237
111
72
51
39
33
28
22
l9
17
15
14
13
12
ll
11
ll
10
11
ll
10
10

10

2
(mm)

OOOM-hbbbwo

~w———
iN—nu—n—n

179

115

3
(min)

\OﬂambchhA-bbbhc

103

ooqqqooooso

(mm)

0
10

10

40
30
24
22
55
303
203

I—Iq—Ie—I—I—I—l—i-‘NNWAMO
O o—‘NNMONQ-ch—‘ON

WNNIWWVOOQO

—
O

5
(mm)

mhwuowwwuwwo

OK

119
127

Lysimeters
Changed

all

all

0 ' i ' 0

U a O I O U

wwwwwwwywwwwww

'

17-1
13-1
19-1
20-1
21-1
22-1
23-)
24-}
2M
26.1N
27+
23-5
-5
30-1\
l-D
2-D.
3-
4.0,
5.3.

116

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed
6-Nov-90 30 42 72 41 10
7-Nov-90 75 79 9O 87 47
8-Nov-90 68 56 62 61 61
9-Nov-90 52 41 45 44 53
lO-Nov-90 39 30 33 32 42
1 1-Nov-90 31 24 26 25 34
12-Nov-90 25 20 21 20 27
13-Nov-90 22 17 17 17 23
14-Nov-90 20 16 15 1 6 2 1
15-Nov-90 18 14 l3 14 18
16-Nov-90 16 13 11 12 [7
17-Nov-90 14 10 10 11 14
18-Nov-90 13 1 1 10 l 1 14
19-Nov-90 12 10 8 9 l3
20-Nov-90 11 9 7 9 11
21-Nov-90 11 10 8 10 11
22-Nov-90 10 9 7 8 10
23-Nov-90 10 9 7 8 10
24-Nov-90 9 7 6 8 9
25-Nov-90 7 6 5 4 8
26-Nov-90 8 6 5 7 7
27-Nov-90 32 22 8 8 25
28-Nov-90 296 161 99 255 285
29-Nov-90 1 66 1 64 0 l 64 1 82
30-Nov-90 94 80 48 87 103
1-Dec-90 61 50 37 52 66
2-Dec-90 44 36 26 38 48
3-Dec-90 36 32 22 47 41
4-Dec-90 27 21 16 42 27 5
5-Dec-90 25 25 1 8 29 24 5
6-Dec-90 25 24 17 21 22 5
7-Dec-90 25 22 19 22 22 5
8-Dec-90 22 21 19 20 20 5
9-Dec-90 21 21 19 21 20 5
lO-Dec-90 0 0 O 0 0 all
11-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
12-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
13-Dee-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
14-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
15-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all

117

Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

16-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
l7-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
18-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
19-Dec-90 9 7 7 6 10
20-Dec-90 ll 9 8 10 11
21-Dec-90 33 30 26 28 34
22-Dec-90 8 7 9 8 8
23-Dec-90 6 6 9 8
24-Dec-90 8 9 12 12 9
25-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
26-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
27-Dec-9O 0 0 0 0 0 all
28-Dec-90 0 0 0 O 0 all
29-Dec-90 0 0 0 0 0 all
30-Dec-90 280 221 300 325 286
31-Dec-90 148 141 136 136 152
Han-91 89 77 77 79 95
2-Jan-91 57 50 49 51 63
3-Jan-91 44 37 36 39 48
4-Jan-91 36 30 27 32 39
5-Jan-9l 30 26 22 27 33
6-Jan-91 23 20 17 20 25
7-Jan-91 , 21 17 15 19 22
8-Jan-9l 14 15 19 18 14
9-Jan-91 14 17 19 16 13
lO-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
ll-Jan-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
12-Jan-9l 0 O 0 0 0 all
13-Jan-91 O 0 0 0 0 all
14-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
15-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
16-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
17-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
18-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
19-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
20-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
21-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
22-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
23-Jan-91 O 0 0 O 0 all
24-Jan-91 0 0 0 0 0 all

D:

25-1:
2.6-].
27-1
28-1
2.9-]
30-1
31-1
l-F
2-F
3-F
4-F
S-F
6-F
7-F
8-F
9-F
10-1
1 1-1
12-1

l3-I

15-
l6-
l7-

18-

I\) N IQ OJ
J N a—0
Z .1. .2. 9° 7’ S" 9'

LI.
0

118
Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all
all

25-Jan-91
26-Jan-91
27-Jan-91
28-Jan-91
29-Jan-91
30-Jan-91
3 1-Jan-91
1 -Feb-9 l
2-Feb-91
3-Feb-91
4-Feb-9 1
5-Feb-91
6-F eb-91
7-Feb-9 1
8-Feb-9 1
9-Feb-91
10-Feb-91
1 1-Feb-91
12-Feb-91
13-Feb-91
l4-Feb-91
l 5-Feb-91
l6-Feb-91
1 7-Feb-91
1 8-Feb-91
19-Feb-91
20-Feb-91
2 1-Feb-9l
22-Feb-91
23-Feb-91
24-Feb-91
25-Feb-91
26-Feb-91
27-Feb-91
28-Feb-91
l-Mar-9l
2-Mar-91
3-Mar-91
4-Mar-91
5-Mar-91

"2."
OOOOOOCOCOOCOCOOOCOOOOOOOCOOCCOOOOOCOOOO

OOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
OOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO

‘ Q (“J
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27-:
28-
29!
304
314
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2-t
3-;
44!
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7-A
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12. ,1
13-;

119

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mu!) (Inna) (turn) (nun) Changed

6-Mar-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
7-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
8-Mar-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
9-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
10-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
11-Mar-91 O 0 0 0 0 all
12-Mar-9l 0 O 0 0 0 all
l3-Mar-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
14-Mar-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
15-Mar-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
16-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
17-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
18-Mar-91 0 0 0 O 0 all
19-Mar—91 0 0 0 0 0 all
20-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
21-Mar-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
22-Mar—9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
23-Mar-91 0 0 0 O 0 all
24-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
25-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
26-Mar-91 0 O 0 0 0 all
27-Mar-91 0 0 O 0 0 all
28-Mar—91 0 0 O O 0 all
29-Mar-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
30-Mar-9l 0 0 O 0 0 all
3l-Mar-91 -0 0 O 0 0 all
1-Apr-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
2-Apr-91 19 12 16 6 8
3-Apr-91 20 14 15 8 10
4-Apr-91 19 15 15 8 11
5-Apr-91 16 14 13 7 1 1
6-Apr-9l 15 13 12 7 11
7-Apr-91 13 12 12 6 11
8-Apr-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
9-Apr-91 12 11 11 9 11
lO-Apr-9l 10 8 10 7 9
ll-Apr-91 10 8 11 9 9
12-Apr-91 11 9 12 11 9
l3-Apr-91 11 10 11 10 10

14-Apr-9l

yd
.—
~
O
.—
~
—
~
~
O

120

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(min) (min) (m!!!) (m!!!) (In!!!) Changed
15-Apr-91 23 29 20 31 10
16-Apr-91 115 114 115 61 58
17-Apr-91 40 83 85 46 70
18-Apr-91 29 54 59 30 56
19-Apr-91 48 41 44 32 44
20-Apr-91 38 33 35 22 43
21-Apr-91 55 69 60 35 50
22-Apr-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
23-Apr-91 54 44 47 24 49
24-Apr-91 41 33 36 17 39
25-Apr-91 38 35 38 20 37
26-Apr-91 O 0 0 0 0 all
27-Apr-91 52 46 45 25 42
28-Apr-91 44 37 39 21 39
29-Apr-91 42 37 35 23 37
30-Apr-91 40 33 34 33 33
1-May-91 40 35 34 34 34
2-May-91 38 32 32 32 3 1
3-May-91 34 29 28 29 29
4-May-91 30 26 24 26 25
5-May-9l 28 25 21 25 25
6-May-91 23 19 17 19 21
7-May-91 19 17 15 17 18
8-May-91 l9 16 14 17 17
9-May-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
lO-May-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
11-May-9l 0 0 0 0 0 all
12-May-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
l3-May-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
14-May-91 0 0 0 0 0 all
15-May-91 11 10 8 10 11
16-May-91 11 11 8 11 10
17-May-91 10 9 7 8 10
18-May-91 9 8 7 9 9
19-May-91 10 9 7 9 9
20-May-91 9 9 8 9 9
21-May-91 9 9 9 9 9
22-May-91 9 8 10 9 8
23-May-91 9 8 12 10 8
24-May-91 9 8 12 10 8

25+
26-1V
2.7-5
228-11
291
30-lr
31-h

l-J

4-1

A

(J N L) (‘J t—J
_ I fit

Date

25-May-91
26-May-9 1
27-May-9 l
28-May-9 1
29-May-9 1
30-May-9 1
3 1-May-91

1-Jun-9 1
2-Jun-9 1
3-Jun-91
4-Jun-9 1
5-Jun-91
6-Jun-9 l
7-Jun-9 1
8-Jun-91
9-Jun-9 l
1 0-Jun-9 1
1 1-Jun-91
12-Jun-91
1 3-Jun-9 1
14-Jun-91
1 5-Jun-9 1
1 6-Jun-9 l
1 7-Jun-91
1 8-Jun-9l
l 9-Jun-9 l
20-Jun-9 l
2 1 Jun-9 1
22-Jun-9 1
23 Jun-9 1
24-Jun-91
25-Jun-9 1
26-Jun-91
27-Jun-91
28-Jun-9 1
29-Jun-9 1
30-Jun-91
1-Ju1-9 1
2-Jul-9 1
3-Jul-91

Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter

1
(mm

0000000000

n—nu—eu—Iu—no—nu—o—u—n—NNu—n—u—n
ONWNAMQWQOOQQW

MMMMO‘O‘O‘O‘O\\I\I\IOON

N

92
59

2
(mm)

OOO\O\O\O\O\\J\IO\\I\I\I

I—Il—l—lI—I—Iu—d—nu—a—nl—
O—‘O—‘wwbbbN

GONOGGGQQO‘QWOOOOMOOO

~
on

121

3
(nun)

12
12
11
ll
11
10
10
10
19
34
37
32
27
23
l9
17
15
14
12

-
o—

bwuwwwhbhmuoaqmo

O5
Ur

221

\O
N

(m!!!)

10
10
10
10
ll
10

ooaaaqqqqqoemooo:

\JCh
Au—I

5
(mm

OOQONO‘ONO‘QQQQNWQ

u—n-nu—n—eu—u—e—u—a—
OOO-NNN—‘O

O‘O‘O‘ONO‘O‘ONO‘QQOOWQWOOVO

O‘Q
DJUI

Lysimeters

Changed

‘0 U i I U U I

v

V. O V . U V. 0

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ _ — _‘ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~
'

U

122

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(m!!!) (Inn!) (min) (min) (min) Changed

4-Jul-91 49 49 49 51 47 1,2,3,
5-Jul-91 37 37 37 38 35 1,2,3,
6-Ju1-91 30 30 30 31 28 1,2,3,
7-Ju1-91 25 25 25 25 25 1,2,3,5,
8-Ju1-91 20 20 20 20 20 1,2,3,5,
9-Jul-91 19 19 19 19 19 1,2,3,5,
lO-Jul-91 16 16 16 16 16 1,2,3,5,
ll-Ju1-9l 15 15 15 15 15 1,2,3,5,
12-Ju1-91 14 14 14 14 14 1,2,3,5,
13-Jul-91 11 11 11 ll 11 1,2,3,5,
14-Ju1-91 10 10 10 10 10 1,2,3,5,
15-Jul-91 10 10 10 10 10 1,2,3,5,
16-Jul-91 1 1 2 10 4 5
l7-Jul-9l 5 5 3 10 6 5
18-Jul-91 8 8 3 9 7 5
19-Jul-91 7 7 2 7 6 5
20-JuI-91 6 6 2 7 5 5
21-Jul-91 6 6 2 7 5 5
22-Jul-91 6 6 2 8 6 5
23-Jul-91 5 6 2 6 5 5
24-Jul-91 5 5 2 6 5 5
25-Jul-91 5 5 1 5 3
26-Jul-91 4 4 1 5 5
27-Jul-91 5 5 1 6 5
28-Ju1-9l 5 5 1 6 5
29-Ju1-91 4 5 1 5 5
30-Jul-91 3 4 1 4 5
31-Jul-91 4 4 1 5 5
1-Aug-91 3 4 1 4 4
2-Aug-91 3 4 1 5 4
3-Aug-9l 3 4 l 3 4
4-Aug-9l 3 3 1 3 4
5-Aug-91 3 3 1 3 3
6-Aug-91 3 3 1 3 3
7-Aug-91 3 3 1 4 3
8-Aug-91 3 4 1 5 4
9-Aug-91 3 3 1 3 3
10-Aug-91 2 3 0 2 3
11-Aug-91 2 2 0 2 3
lZ-Aug-9l 3 2 0 3 3

123
Date Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

13-Aug-91 4
14-Aug-91 4
15-Aug-91 4
16-Aug-91 4
17-Aug-91 5
1 8-Aug-91 4
l9-Aug-91 4
20-Aug-91 13
21-Aug-91 32
22-Aug-91 3 1
23-Aug-91 24
24-Aug-91 19
25-Aug-91 1 6
26-Aug-91 1 3
27-Aug-91 12
28-Aug-91 10
29-Aug-91
30-Aug-91
3 1-Aug-91
1-Sep-91
2-Sep-91
3-Sep-91
4-Sep-91
5-Sep-91
6-Sep-91
7-Sep-91
8-Sep-91
9-Sep-91
10-Sep—91
1 l-Sep-9l
12-Sep-91
13-Sep-91
14-Sep-91
15-Sep-91
16-Sep-91
17-Sep-91
18-Sep-91
19-Sep-91
20-Sep-91
21-Sep-91

©UMW§WWWM

.—
N
Id
_
—‘
.—

NNNNNNNMMMNWMWWWA&M&thMMMMbWNNNNNNwwwww

WNNNNww54bb-hUJ-bk-5AMMGQNQOOVO
WWNUUJbeJb-hM-kbQMMMMONQWQO‘QOO
MNNWWWWWWNWQhbbeMO‘O‘aﬂﬂmmo

124

Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

22-Sep-91 2 2 1 3 3
23-Sep-91 1 2 1 l 2
24-Sep-91 2 2 1 3 2
25-Sep-91 2 3 l 4 3
26-Sep-91 1 2 l 0 2
27-Sep—91 1 1 0 0 1
28-Sep-91 2 1 0 1 1
29-Sep-91 1 1 O l 1
30-Sep-91 2 1 1 3 2
1-0ct-91 2 1 1 3 2
2-Oct-91 2 2 1 2 2
3-Oct-9l 2 1 l 1 1
4-0ct-91 2 1 1 3 2
5-Oct-91 l 2 44 1 2
6-Oct-91 12 1 88 9 l
7-Oct-91 23 5 67 29 1
8-Oct-91 29 13 49 31 4
9-Oct-91 27 15 38 28 7
10-0ct-91 25 15 32 26 10
11-Oct-91 21 16 27 23 15
12-Oct-91 18 13 22 18 15
l3-Oct-91 16 12 20 18 14
14-Oct-91 16 14 l7 17 15
lS-Oct-91 13 11 14 13 13
16-Oct-91 12 10 12 13 12
17-Oct-91 12 11 12 12 12
18-Oct-91 10 9 11 10 10
19-Oct-91 10 8 11 10 9
20-Oct-91 10 9 12 11 10
21-Oct-91 9 9 12 10 10
22-Oct-91 8 8 12 8 9
23-0ct-91 8 8 12 9 9
24-Oct-91 8 8 13 9 8
25-Oct-91 17 8 106 18 8
26-Oct-91 176 179 285 212 1 1 1
27-Oct-91 140 150 169 145 132
28-Oct-91 124 126 128 128 133
29-Oct-91 74 74 70 75 87
30-Oct-91 51 50 43 51 62

3 l -Oct-9l 56 57 82 60 52

 

125

Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysimeter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(turn) (nun) (mm (mm) (M) Changed
1-Nov-91 82 86 92 85 82
2-Nov-9l 56 54 60 55 67
3-Nov-91 41 41 46 42 53
4-Nov-91 36 35 40 35 45
5-Nov-91 3O 32 33 34 38
6-Nov-91 26 28 25 27 3 1
7-Nov-91 23 23 19 24 27
8-Nov-91 20 20 1 5 2 l 24
9-Nov-91 1 8 19 1 3 19 22
10-Nov-91 17 17 11 17 20
11-Nov-91 15 14 9 13 17
12-Nov-91 13 13 8 13 15
13-Nov-91 12 13 8 12 14
14-Nov-91 11 11 7 10 12
15-Nov-91 10 10 6 9 11
l6-Nov-9l 8 8 5 7 9
17-Nov-91 9 9 6 10 10
18-Nov-91 9 10 6 9 10
19-Nov-91 7 8 5 7 9
20-Nov-91 7 8 5 7 8
21-Nov-91 15 18 75 19 8
22-Nov-91 47 77 84 74 3 1
23-Nov-91 50 56 55 58 45
24-Nov-91 43 4 1 3 8 41 40
25-Nov-91 34 32 31 31 35
26-Nov-91 29 27 25 28 3 1
27-Nov-91 25 23 20 22 27
28-Nov-91 21 20 18 20 23
29-Nov-9l 19 18 15 18 21
30-Nov-91 16 15 12 13 18
1-Dec-91 14 13 11 14 15
2-Dec-91 14 14 13 15 16
3-Dec-91 13 13 13 11 13 5,
4-Dec-91 11 11 15 10 12 5,
5-Dec-91 15 18 18 17 17 5,
6-Dec-91 16 17 17 15 16 5,
7-Dec-91 17 18 18 16 17 5,
8-Dec-91 18 18 23 18 19 5,
9-Dec-91 19 18 51 39 32 5,
10-Dec-91 31 38 53 47 42 5

126

Date Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysimeter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

11-Dec-9l 37 40 45 40 41 5,
12-Dec-9l 39 40 40 38 39 5,
13-Dec-91 32 29 31 29 30 5,
14-Dec-91 27 25 29 23 26 5,
15-Dec-91 32 34 38 31 34 5,
16-Dec-9l 37 39 35 35 36 5,
17-Dec-91 33 31 29 27 30 5,
18-Dec-91 26 22 23 20 23 5,
19-Dec-91 24 20 20 19 21 5,
20-Dec-91 22 20 19 19 20 5,
21-Dec-91 19 17 15 14 16 5,
22-Dec-91 18 17 15 15 16 5,
23-Dec-91 15 14 12 11 13 5,
24-Dec-91 13 12 1 1 10 1 l 5,
25-Dec-91 12 10 10 9 10 5,
26-Dec-91 11 11 9 9 10 5,
27-Dec-91 10 9 8 7 9 5,
28-Dec-91 11 11 9 10 10 5,
29-Dec-91 10 10 8 9 5,
30-Dec-9l 8 7 7 5 7 5,
31-Dec-91 15 15 14 13 14 5,
1-Jan-92 8 8 8 7 8 5,
2-Jan-92 8 8 8 8 8 5,
3-Jan-92 7 8 8 6 7 5,
4-Jan-92 7 7 9 5 7 5,
5-Jan-92 8 7 10 6 8 5,
6-Jan-92 8 7 12 7 8 5,
7-Jan-92 9 7 16 9 10 5,
8-Jan-92 12 13 19 17 11
9-Jan-92 14 17 19 16 13
10-Jan-92 15 17 17 15 14
11-Jan-92 16 17 16 15 16
lZ-Jan-92 15 16 19 15 17
13-Jan-92 16 17 21 17 18
14-Jan-92 15 19 19 15 17
15-Jan-92 18 19 18 16 17
16-Jan-92 17 18 17 17 19
17-Jan-92 16 16 15 l3 l9
18-Jan-92 14 13 13 12 17

19-Jan-92 16 15 14 14 18

Date

20-Jan-92
2 l Jan-92
22-Jan-92
23-Jan-92
24-Jan-92
25-Jan-92
26-Jan-92
27-Jan-92
28-Jan-92
29-Jan-92
30-Jan-92
3 1-Jan-92
1 -Feb-92
2-Feb-92
3-Feb—92
4-Feb-92
5-Feb-92
6-Feb-92
7-Feb-92
8-Feb-92
9-Feb-92
1 0-Feb-92
1 1-Feb-92
1 2-Feb-92
1 3-Feb-92
1 4-Feb—92
1 5-Feb-92
l 6-Feb-92
1 7-Feb-92
1 8-Feb-92
1 9-Feb-92
20-Feb-92
2 1 -Feb-92
22-Feb-92
23-Feb-92
24-Feb-92
25-Feb-92
26-Feb-92
27-Feb-92
28-Feb-92

Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeter4 Lysirneter

1
(mm)

\OOQGOOQOOQO‘OOQQC

-NNNMN-
\Immeﬁ-‘NQN

2
(mm)

13
12
13
13
9

9

8

10
9

ll
13
11
10
11
11
10
9

maqomooqooqqooaxqsog

m—NNNWWN
\JQHNoN—‘O‘w

127

3
(mm)

12
12
12
ll
9
10
18
24
23
21
19
16
l4
13
12
ll
10
10
9
9
10
12
11
11
ll
10
10
8
ll
17
24
40
50
44
35
30
25
23
20
18

(min)

10
10

1
a

10

\OUOOOONOOO‘OGQOO

5
(mm)

17
16
15
15
12
12
12
15
17
20
22
20
18
18
17
15
14
14
12
11
9
ll
10
10
12
ll
12
9
9
11
ll
12
12
14
16
19
20
21
19
18

Lysimeters

Changed

128

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(min) (mm (mm) (min) (mm Changed

29-Feb-92 14 12 15 12 15
1-Mar-92 15 15 15 14 16
2-Mar-92 13 13 14 12 14
3-Mar-92 12 12 13 12 13
4-Mar-92 12 12 12 1 1 l3
5-Mar-92 11 12 12 12 12
6-Mar-92 l 1 12 12 12 12
7-Mar-92 10 12 10 10 12
8-Mar-92 10 10 10 9 11
9-Mar—92 12 l 1 11 12 1 1
lO-Mar—92 10 10 9 8 11
11-Mar-92 10 9 8 8 10
12-Mar-92 9 9 8 7 10
13-Mar-92 10 8 15 8 9
14-Mar-92 12 10 23 10 10
lS-Mar-92 20 16 24 15 11
16-Mar-92 28 ' 23 23 21 16
17-Mar-92 28 21 21 18 20
l8-Mar-92 27 20 3 '1 l 8 23
19-Mar-92 24 17 53 14 37
20-Mar-92 22 17 42 13 46
21-Mar-92 23 18 33 15 43
22-Mar-92 23 19 26 15 36
23-Mar-92 21 17 22 15 30
24-Mar-92 20 1 6 1 9 15 25
25-Mar-92 19 16 1 8 15 23
26-Mar-92 17 14 16 14 21
27-Mar-92 15 12 15 10 19
28-Mar-92 19 13 19 12 19
29-Mar-92 22 16 26 13 20
30-Mar-92 24 19 28 12 20
3 1-Mar-92 27 24 26 15 22
1-Apr-92 27 23 23 14 22
2-Apr-92 24 20 20 13 22
3-Apr-92 22 19 20 15 22
4-Apr-92 19 15 19 11 19
5-Apr-92 17 14 18 1 1 17
6-Apr-92 18 16 18 14 18
7-Apr-92 17 16 17 14 17

8-Apr-92 1 6 1 5 1 6 14 1 6

129

Date ,Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

9-Apr-92 16 15 15 14 16
10-Apr-92 15 14 15 15 15
11-Apr-92 14 13 13 11 14
12-Apr-92 12 10 1 1 10 12
13-Apr-92 13 12 12 13 13
14-Apr-92 13 12 11 12 13
15-Apr-92 12 1 1 10 12 12
16-Apr-92 11 11 9 ll 12
17-Apr-92 10 9 8 9 10
18-Apr-92 10 9 8 10 10
19-Apr-92 10 9 7 10 10
20-Apr-92 9 9 7 10 10
21-Apr-92 8 9 6 8 9
22-Apr-92 8 7 5 6 8
23-Apr-92 9 8 7 9 8
24-Apr-92 8 8 6 8 8
25-Apr-92 8 7 6 7 8
26-Apr-92 7 7 5 7 7
27-Apr-92 7 6 5 7 7
28-Apr-92 7 7 6 8 7
29-Apr-92 7 7 6 8 7
30-Apr-92 6 6 5 6 7
1-May-92 7 7 6 8 7
2-May-92 6 6 5 5 6
3-May-92 6 5 5 5 6
4-May-92 6 6 6 6 6
5-May-92 5 5 5 5 5
6-May-92 6 5 5 5 5
7-May-92 6 5 6 6 5
8-May-92 7 6 6 8 6
9-May-92 6 6 5 5 6
10-May-92 6 5 5 5 5
11-May-92 7 6 6 7 5
12-May-92 7 6 5 6 5
13-May-92 7 6 5 5 5
14-May-92 7 5 5 6 5
15-May-92 7 6 5 6 5
16-May-92 7 6 5 6 5
17-May-92 7 6 4 6 5
18-May-92 7 5 4 5 5

130
Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

1 9-May-92
20-May-92
2 1-May-92
22-May-92
23-May-92
24-May-92
25-May-92
26-May-92
27-May-92
28-May-92
29-May-92
30-May-92
3 1-May-92
l-Jun-92
2-Jun-92
3-Jun-92
4-Jun-92
5-Jun-92
6-Jun-92
7-Jun-92
8-Jun-92
9-Jun-92
1 0-Jun-92
1 1-Jun-92
1 2-Jun-92
1 3-Jun-92
14-Jun-92
1 5-Jun-92
16-Jun-92
1 7-Jun-92
1 8-Jun-92
1 9-Jun-92
20-Jun-92
2 1 Jun-92
22-Jun-92
23-Jun-92
24-Jun-92
25-Jun-92
26-Jun-92
27-Jun-92

Us UI U! 0‘ \l 0‘ O5 0‘ Us 05 05 U! 4h LII Ur Ur & h b b'& A U: U: U! Ur 'J’t Ur 0‘ 0\ Ch 0\ 05 \l \l \l \l \l \I \I
MMMO‘QO‘MMMO‘O\UIbumbbb-ﬁhb-AUIMUIMUIUIGMUIOGO‘O‘ﬂO‘GO‘O‘
aasb4'smmumaauaaooammmamwwwwmmwwwwwubAha-AAA
bkAthﬂbekmﬁmwhmmh&M&W&&O\O\MMMO\O\MO\O\\IO\O\\I\IO\O\
wwubbwwwwhhwwacshAhhkbhhbhbbbubhmmummmmmm

131

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeter 4 Lysimeter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(min) (M) (m) (min) (min) Changed

28-Jun-92 6 5 4 5 3
29-Jun-92 5 5 4 5 3
30-Jun-92 5 5 3 5 3
1-Ju1-92 5 5 3 5 3
2-Ju1-92 5 5 4 6 3
3-Jul-92 4 5 3 3 3
4-Jul-92 5 5 3 5 3
5-Jul-92 5 5 3 4 3
6-Jul-92 4 4 2 4 3
7-Jul-92 5 4 3 5 3
8-Jul-92 5 5 3 5 4
9-Jul-92 4 4 2 3 3
lO-Jul-92 4 4 2 4 3
11-Jul-92 4 4 2 4 3
12-Jul-92 5 4 2 5 3
l3-Jul-92 4 4 2 4 3
l4-Ju1-92 4 5 9 5 3
15-Jul-92 20 23 71 42 4
16-Ju1-92 45 61 75 66 16
17-Jul-92 42 53 51 57 32
l8-Jul-92 35 38 36 43 29
19-Ju1-92 30 3O 34 34 25
20-Ju1-92 27 3 1 33 3 1 24
21-Ju1-92 26 30 28 31 23
22-Jul-92 26 27 23 29 23
23-Jul-92 26 49 37 58 23
24-Ju1-92 54 1 16 94 1 13 75
25-Ju1-92 55 69 65 72 74
26-Ju1-92 44 45 43 48 53
27-Jul-92 33 33 30 34 38
28-Ju1-92 28 27 23 28 32
29-Jul-92 23 22 19 23 26
30-Ju1-92 2O 19 16 20 23
31-Ju1-92 17 16 13 16 19
1-Aug-92 22 54 23 34 19
2-Aug-92 30 67 33 58 39
3-Aug-92 30 45 33 46 44
4-Aug-92 28 32 29 34 37
5-Aug-92 24 26 23 27 30

6-Aug-92

N
u—I

23

~
VD

23

N
05

132

Date Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm (min) (mm) (min) (mm) Changed

7-Aug-92 19 20 16 21 23
8-Aug-92 16 17 13 17 20
9-Aug-92 15 15 11 15 17
10-Aug-92 14 14 9 14 16
l 1-Aug-92 12 12 7 12 13
lZ-Aug-92 1 1 1 1 6 l 1 12
13-Aug-92 11 l 1 6 10 1 1
l4-Aug—92 1 0 1 0 5 1 0 1 0
15-Aug-92 9 9 4 9 10
l6-Aug-92 8 9 4 9 9
17-Aug-92 8 8 3 8 9
18-Aug-92 8 8 3 8 8
l9-Aug-92 7 7 3 7 7
20-Aug-92 7 7 2 6 7
21-Aug-92 6 6 2 6 6
22-Aug-92 6 6 2 6 6
23-Aug-92 6 7 2 6 6
24-Aug-92 5 8 2 5 6
25-Aug-92 5 8 2 5 5
26-Aug-92 - 5 8 2 5 5
27-Aug-92 5 8 2 6 5
28-Aug-92 4 8 2 4 5
29-Aug-92 5 13 16 7 5
30-Aug-92 4 16 1 9 1 5 5
31-Aug-92 4 14 17 19 6
1-Sep-92 6 13 14 20 7
2-Sep-92 9 14 13 21 8
3-Sep-92 8 11 10 15 8
4-Sep-92 8 10 9 14 8
5-Sep-92 8 10 8 14 8
6-Sep-92 7 10 7 12 8
7-Sep-92 7 9 7 12 8
8-Sep-92 7 8 5 9 7
9-Sep-92 7 9 6 12 7
10-Sep-92 57 121 195 148 32
1 1-Sep-92 97 96 1 10 120 94
12-Sep-92 65 57 58 68 65
l3-Sep-92 47 40 35 45 45
l4-Sep-92 36 30 24 34 35
lS-Sep-92 80 35 1 12 123 84

Date

16-Sep-92
1 7-Sep-92
1 8-Sep-92
l 9-Sep-92
20-Sep-92
2 l -Sep-92
22-Sep-92
23-Sep-92
24-Sep-92
25-Sep-92
26-Sep-92
27-Sep-92
28-Sep-92
29-Sep-92
30-Sep-92
1 -Oct-92
2-Oct-92
3-Oct-92
4-Oct-92
5-Oct-92
6-0ct-92
7-Oct-92
8-Oct-92
9-Oct-92
1 0-Oct-92
1 1-Oct-92
1 2-Oct-92
1 3-Oct-92
14-Oct-92
1 5-Oct-92
16-Oct-92
1 7-0ct-92
1 8-0ct-92
1 9-Oct-92
20-Oct-92
2 1 -Oct-92
22-0ct-92
23-0ct-92
24-0ct-92
25-Oct-92

Lysirneter Lysimeter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysimeter

1
(nun)

305
113
65
43
34
27
22
19
18
l8
l7
14
13
13
13
13
12
ll
9

2
(nun)

175
119
61
41
33
28
21
19
19
17
16
13
ll
11
11
11
ll
10
8

133

3
(nun)

325
90
47
30
24
23
20
17
14
l3
l3

AAAumoxiooooooooxoxoxoooor-lso:

W
O

136
103
63
41
28
20
17
15
13
12

(nun)

316
108
61
41
34
29
22
21
20
l8
17
13
12
13
13
13
12
ll
9
10

133
105
67
46
34
24
21
21

15

s
(nun)

318
127
75
50
39
31
24
21
21
19
17
15
13
12
12
12
12

qua-4900000000000;

~NNNWAM~IWU~
”OMQNWOMO‘Q

Lysimeters

Changed

134

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(min) (nun) (min) (min) (min) Changed

26-Oct-92 15 14 11 12 16
27-0ct-92 14 12 10 12 14
28-Oct-92 13 12 9 11 14
29-0ct-92 11 10 8 9 12
30-Oct-92 11 10 8 9 11
3l-Oct-92 10 9 7 8 10
1-Nov-92 1 1 10 8 1 1 10
2-Nov-92 14 1 3 16 12 1 1
3-Nov-92 52 98 87 81 25
4-Nov-92 66 74 65 68 64
5-Nov-92 56 50 45 48 57
6-Nov-92 43 35 3 1 36 44
7-Nov-92 35 29 24 3 1 37
8-Nov-92 29 24 19 25 30
9-Nov-92 24 20 15 21 26
lO-Nov-92 21 18 13 19 23
ll-Nov-92 18 16 12 16 19
12-Nov-92 18 17 17 16 19
l3-Nov-92 82 144 160 93 87
l4-Nov-92 103 98 100 80 12 1
15-Nov-92 70 59 57 58 79
l6-Nov-92 5 1 43 3 8 44 58
17-Nov-92 38 32 27 31 43
1 8-Nov-92 3 1 26 22 26 34
1 9-Nov-92 27 22 19 23 29
20—Nov-92 25 2 1 1 8 22 27
21-Nov-92 21 19 18 18 23
22-Nov-92 2 1 20 1 8 2 1 22
23-Nov-92 17 16 15 14 27
24-Nov-92 20 2 1 1 7 1 8 29
25-Nov-92 25 38 26 27 28
26-Nov-92 30 34 30 28 3 1
27-Nov-92 30 29 26 27 32
28-Nov-92 27 25 22 24 30
29-Nov-92 24 21 1 8 22 27
30-Nov-92 2] 20 16 19 24
1-Dec-92 19 17 14 17 21
2-Dec-92 17 15 12 13 19
3-Dec-92 15 12 10 13 16

4-Dec-92 14 1 3 9 13 1 6

135

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimete'r Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed
5-Dec-92 ' 12 10 7 10 13
6-Dec-92 13 11 8 12 14
7-Dec-92 11 ‘10 6 9 12
8-Dec-92 10 9 6 11
9-Dec-92 11 10 6 11 11
10-Dec-92 10 10 6 9 11
11-Dec-92 8 7 4 6 9
12-Dec-92 8 7 5 6 8
13-Dec-92 8 7 5 7 8
14-Dec-92 8 7 5 8 8
15-Dec-92 9 9 6 10 9
16-Dec-92 7 7 6 4 18
17-Dec-92 14 16 13 7 17
1 8-Dec-92 1 8 27 24 17 15
19-Dec-92 25 30 27 21 22
20-Dec-92 26 24 24 19 27
21-Dec-92 27 24 23 22 30
22-Dec-92 23 20 19 19 26
23-Dec-92 20 1 7 16 l 5 22
24-Dec-92 18 15 15 16 19
25-Dec-92 17 16 13 14 19
26-Dec-92 14 11 11 11 15
27-Dec-92 14 12 1 1 l3 1 5
28-Dec-92 12 1 1 9 10 13
29-Dec-92 1 3 1 1 10 12 14
30-Dec-92 12 1 1 13 1 1 13
3l-Dec-92 0 O 0 0 all
l-Jan-93 127 116 121 101 122
2-Jan-93 79 65 66 67 82
3-Jan-93 55 45 42 46 58
4-Jan-93 118 104 158 97 101
5-Jan-93 183 193 189 154 188
6-Jan-93 1 12 113 106 100 128
7-Jan-93 70 66 62 64 82
8-Jan-93 47 44 4O 44 56
9-Jan-93 38 33 29 33 43
10-Jan-93 32 27 23 27 35
l 1-Jan-93 26 22 18 23 29
12-Jan-93 23 2 1 16 22 26

l3-Jan-93 19 18 12 16 22

136

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5

(mn) (min) (mm) (min) (mm Changed
14-Jan-93 16 14 10 14 18
15-Jan-93 15 14 10 14 16
16-Jan-93 15 13 10 14 16
17-Jan-93 12 11 7 9 14
18-Jan-93 11 9 6 . 8 11
19-Jan-93 10 9 6 9 1]
20-Jan-93 11 10 7 11 11
21-Jan-93 11 10 6 10 12
22-Jan-93 9 8 12 8 11
23-Jan-93 9 1 1 17 23 23
24-Jan-93 10 16 17 26 27
25-Jan-93 18 29 25 41 3O
26-Jan-93 33 40 29 45 43
27-Jan-93 35 34 26 35 45
28-Jan-93 34 29 24 30 40
29-Jan-93 28 21 20 23 3 1
30-Jan-93 27 22 20 25 30
31-Jan-93 23 19 17 20 25
1-Feb-93 17 13 14 13 19
2-Feb—93 17 14 14 15 18
3-Feb-93 15 13 12 13 17
4-Feb-93 13 11 11 12 15
5-Feb-93 13 12 10 13 15
6-Feb-93 12 10 9 10 13
7-Feb-93 12 10 8 11 13
8-Feb-93 9 8 7 8 10
9-Feb-93 10 9 7 9 10
10-Feb-93 9 8 6 7 9
ll-Feb-93 9 8 6 8 9
12-Feb-93 9 9 6 9 9
l3-Feb-93 8 7 5 6 8
14-Feb-93 7 6 4 5 7
15-Feb-93 7 6 4 6 7
16-Feb-93 7 7 4 6 7
17-Feb-93 6 6 4 6 6
18-Feb-93 6 6 4 6 6
19-Feb-93 7 6 4 6 6
20-Feb-93 6 6 3 6 6
21-Feb-93 7 7 4 8 7
22-Feb-93 4 5 2 2 5

137

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysimeter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm (mm (min) (nun) (M) Changed
23-Feb-93 4 4 2 3 5
24-Feb-93 4 3 2 3 4
25-Feb—93 5 4 2 5 4
26-Feb-93 4 4 2 3 4
27-Feb-93 5 4 2 4 4
28-Feb-93 5 4 2 5 4
1-Mar-93 5 5 2 5 5
2-Mar—93 4 5 2 4 4
3-Mar-93 4 4 2 3 4
4-Mar-93 4 4 2 4 4
5-Mar-93 3 4 1 2 4
6-Mar-93 4 3 1 3 5
7-Mar-93 4 4 2 5 4 5
8-Mar-93 2 3 1 2 2 5
9-Mar-93 9 3 1 2 4 5
10-Mar-93 11 4 2 4 5 5
ll-Mar-93 9 3 0 1 3 5
12-Mar—93 9 3 l 3 4 5
13-Mar-93 9 4 2 5 5 5
14-Mar-93 6 3 1 2 3 5
lS-Mar-93 7 3 l 5 4 5
l6-Mar-93 6 3 1 4 3 5
17-Mar-93 l 2 7 1 3 5
18-Mar-93 0 3 24 4 8 5
19-Mar-93 3 4 21 7 9 5
20-Mar-93 6 4 109 6 31 5
21-Mar-93 5 4 84 5 25 5
22-Mar—93 5 4 118 6 33 5
23-Mar—93 6 6 6 6 6 1,3,5,
24-Mar-93 4 3 4 4 4 1,3,5,
25-Mar—93 9 3 9 15 9 1,3,5,
26-Mar-93 20 3 20 37 20 1,3,5,
27-Mar-93 22 4 22 41 22 1,3,5,
28-Mar-93 23 4 23 43 23 1,3,5,
29—Mar—93 20 4 20 36 20 1,3,5,
30-Mar—93 17 3 17 31 17 1,3,5,
3 l -Mar—93 21 4 16 27 17 3,5,
l -Apr-93 18 4 12 20 13 3,5,
2-Apr-93 l7 3 10 18 12 3,5,
3-Apr-93 26 3 16 28 23 3

138

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(min) (M) (mm) (mm (min) Changed

4-Apr-93 34 8 21 - 34 29 3

5-Apr-93 33 14 23 3 1 34 3

6-Apr-93 30 16 21 26 3 1 3

7-Apr-93 26 16 20 24 28 3

8-Apr-93 23 17 19 22 26 3

9-Apr-93 20 1 6 1 7 19 23 3

10-Apr-93 1 8 14 1 5 16 20 3
ll-Apr-93 17 14 ' 15 16 19 3
12-Apr-93 14 12 12 12 15 3
13-Apr-93 14 12 13 13 15 3
14-Apr-93 13 13 13 14 15 3
15-Apr-93 13 13 13 14 14 3
16-Apr-93 10 l 1 10 9 1 l 3
17-Apr-93 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 3
18-Apr-93 13 14 14 14 11 3
19-Apr-93 16 18 18 17 12 3
20-Apr-93 17 18 16 14 11 3
21-Apr-93 32 51 44 38 13 3
22-Apr-93 0 0 0 0 0 all
23-Apr-93 48 46 46 47 48 3
24-Apr-93 37 35 36 36 42 3
25-Apr-93 29 26 26 26 32 3
26-Apr-93 24 22 22 22 27 3
27-Apr-93 21 20 21 21 25 3
28-Apr-93 20 1 8 19 19 22 3
29-Apr-93 17 17 17 17 20 3
30-Apr-93 15 14 14 14 17 3
1-May-93 14 13 13 14 16 3
2-May-93 14 13 13 14 15 3
3-May-93 15 18 16 14 14 3
4-May-93 19 24 20 16 13 3
5-May-93 21 22 20 17 13 3
6-May-93 34 62 53 44 15 3
7-May-93 57 64 63 62 34 3
8—May-93 46 46 46 46 46 3
9-May-93 37 35 36 36 41 3
1 0—May—93 31 30 31 31 35 3

l 1 -May-93 27 26 23 27 30
l 2-May-93 24 23 20 24 27

I 3-May-93 20 l9 17 21 22

 

 

Date

14-May-93
15-May-93
16-May-93
1 7-May-93
1 8-May-93
l9-May-93
20-May-93
2 1 -May-93
22-May-93
23-May-93
24-May-93
25-May-93
26-May-93
27-May-93
28-May-93
29-May-93
30-May-93
3 1-May-93
l-Jun-93
2-Jun-93
3-Jun-93
4-Jun-93
5-Jun-93
6-Jun-93
7-Jun-93
8-Jun-93
9-Jun-93
10-Jun-93
1 1-Jun-93
12-Jun-93
1 3-Jun-93
14-Jun-93
1 5-Jun-93
16-Jun-93
1 7-Jun-93
18-Jun-93
19-Jun-93
20-Jun-93
2 1 Jun-93
22-Jun-93

Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter

1
(mm

\IGQQQCOOOO

A
N

237
127
71
48
45
37
31
27
27
28
28
27
25
23

2
(mar)

19
15
14
14
14
12
11
10
10

mmmaaoaqooqqooqqo‘s

M
LII

212
136
74
50
37
3O
27
28
25
22
21
20
18
17

139

3
(mm)

16
13
12

~—
C—

wwwwwowwu&&.b&&m0sa~o\\ioo

210
275
124
65
42
30
24
19
20
21
21
21
l9
18
15

(mun)

21
16
15
16
15
13

qoxhqascqu:

\I
00

223
121
73
52
39
32
28
29
28
24
23
21
19
18

5
(mm

22
18
16
16
16
14
1
10
10

mmhaaxoasoooaxqooooqoos

\O
O5

237
127
71
48
38
31
56
58
25
24
23
22
20
18

Lysimeters

Changed

MMMMM

140

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed

23-Jun-93 21 15 13 17 17 5
24-Jun-93 20 15 ll 16 16 5
25-Jun-93 18 14 10 15 14 5
26-Jun-93 17 13 9 15 13 5
27-Jun-93 15 13 8 13 12 5
28-Jun-93 14 1 1 7 12 1 1 5
29-Jun-93 13 1 0 6 1 1 10 5
30-Jun-93 12 10 6 1 1 10 5
l-Jul-93 12 9 6 10 9 5
2-Jul-93 11 9 5 10 9 5
3-Jul-93 10 9 4 9 8 5
4-Jul-93 10 8 4 8 8 5
5-Jul-93 10 8 4 9 8 5
6-Ju1-93 9 7 3 7 7 5
7-Ju1-93 9 7 4 7 7 5
8-Jul-93 8 7 3 7 6 5
9-Ju1-93 8 7 3 7 6 5
10-Ju1-93 8 6 3 7 6 5
11-Jul-93 8 7 3 7 6 5
12-Ju1-93 7 6 2 6 5 5
13-Jul-93 7 6 3 6 5 5
l4-Ju1-93 6 6 2 5 5 5
15-Jul-93 7 5 2 6 5 5
16-Ju1-93 7 6 2 6 5 5
17-Jul-93 6 5 2 6 5 5
18-Jul-93 6 6 2 6 5 5
19-Jul-93 5 5 2 6 5 5
20-Jul-93 6 5 2 6 5 5
2l-Ju1-93 5 5 2 6 5 5
22-Ju1-93 5 5 2 7 5 5
23-Ju1-93 0 O 0 0 0 all
24-Jul-93 5 5 2 7 5
25-Jul-93 5 5 2 7 5
26-Jul-93 4 5 2 6 4
27-Jul-93 5 4 2 6 4
28-Jul-93 4 4 2 6 4
29-Jul-93 4 4 1 5 4
30-Jul-93 4 3 1 5 4
31-Ju1-93 5 4 2 6 4
1-Aug-93 5 4 2 7 4

141

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
1 2 3 5
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed
2-Aug-93 3 4 1 4 4
3-Aug-93 4 3 l 4 2
4-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 3
5-Aug-93 5 3 1 5 3
6-Aug-93 4 4 l 5 4
7-Aug-93 3 3 l 3 3
8-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 3
9-Aug-93 4 3 1 5 3
10-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 3
ll-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 3
12-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 3
13-Aug-93 3 3 1 3 3
l4-Aug-93 2 2 1 3 2
lS-Aug-93 2 3 1 4 3
16-Aug-93 2 3 1 3 3
l7-Aug-93 1 2 l 3 2
18-Aug-93 3 2 1 4 2
19-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 3
20-Aug-93 3 3 1 3 2
21-Aug-93 3 2 O 3 2
22-Aug-93 3 2 l 4 2
23-Aug-93 3 3 1 4 2
24-Aug-93 1 2 5 3 1
25-Aug-93 0 0 0 0 0 all
26-Aug-93 3 3 3 6 1
27-Aug-93 2 4 2 7 1
28-Aug-93 2 4 3 7 1
29-Aug-93 3 7 3 12 1
30-Aug-93 3 14 18 32 1
31-Aug—93 3 19 29 53 2
1-Sep-93 5 30 48 63 2
2-Sep-93 16 72 165 13 1 6
3-Sep-93 122 194 247 234 67
4-Sep-93 8 1 101 90 96 73
5-Sep-93 59 59 50 58 52
6-Sep-93 41 41 31 40 40
7-Sep-93 33 32 22 32 32
8-Sep-93 28 27 18 27 27
9-Sep-93 23 23 18 24 24
lO-Sep-93 18 18 16 18 19

 

 

142

Date Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter Lysirneter 4 Lysirneter Lysimeters
l 2 3 5

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Changed
1 1-Sep-93 17 18 16 20 19
12-Sep-93 16 18 l3 18 18
13-Sep-93 14 15 11 16 16
14-Sep-93 13 15 9 15 15
15-Sep-93 12 77 1 10 82 17

l6-Sep-93 47 108 102 106 60

APPENDIX B

Appendix B.

Daily Precipitation and Irrigation

Date

6/23/89
6/24/89
6/25/89
6/26/89
6/27/89
6/28/89
6/29/89
6/30/89
7/1/89

7/2/89

7/3/89

7/4/89

7/5/89

7/6/89

7/7/89

7/8/89

7/9/89

7/10/89
7/1 1/89
7/12/89
7/13/89
7/14/89
7115/89
7/16/89
7/17/89
7/18/89
7/19/89
7/20/89
7/21/89
7/22/89
7/23/89
7/24/89
7/25/89
7/26/89

Pioneer Pioneer

CR-10 Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)

25

com

—I

(DO

143

Irrigation

(mm)

21

26

total daily

mm

goooBaumooooooooog’oooooooooooouooo

Date

7127/89
7128/89
7129/89
7130/89
7131/89
811 189
812189
813/89
814/89
815/89
816/89
817/89
818/89
819/89
811 0189
8/1 1/89
8112/89
811 3189
811 4189
8115/89
8116/89
8117/89
811 8189
811 9189
8120/89
8121/89
8122/89
8123/89
8124/89
8125/89
8126/89
8127/89
8128/89
8129/89
8130/89
8131/89
9/1/89
9/2/89
913/89
9/4/89
915/89
9/6/89
917/89
918/89

Pioneer

CR-10
(mm)

20

11

(0

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

144

3rivers
(mm)

Irrigation

(mm)

1

33

total daily

mm

oooooooooooooowogoooooooemooooogaogoomoo-

mm:

Date

919/89
911 0189
911 1189
9/1 2189
9/1 3189
911 4189
9/1 5189
9116189
911 7189
911 8189
9119/89
9120/89
9121 189
9122/89
9123/89
9124/89
9125189
9126189
9127/89
9128/89
9129/89
9130189
1011189
1012189
1013/89
1014/89
1015/89
1016189
1017189
1018189
1019189

10110189
1011 1189
10112189
10113189
10114189
10115189
10116189
10117189
10118189
10119189
10120189
10121189
10122189

145

Pioneer Pioneer
CR-1O Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)
7
1 O
6
9
0
O

Irrigation

1mm)

total daily

mm

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO’BOON

Date

10123189
10124189
10125189
10126189
10127189
10128189
10129189
10130189
10131 189
1111 189
1112189
1113189
1 114189
1 115189
1 116/89
1117/89
1118/89
1 119189
11110189
1111 1189
1 1112189
1 1113189
1 1114/89
1 1/1 5189
1 111 6189
1 111 7189
1 1118189
1 111 9189
1 1120/89
1 1121 189
1 1122/89
1 1123/89
1 1124/89
1 1125/89
1 1126189
11127189
1 1128189
11129189
1 1130189
1211/89
1212/89
1213/89
1214189
1215189

Pioneer

CR-1o
(mm)

d—bo;

10

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

146

3rivers
1mm)

Irrigation

(mm)

90

total daily

owoaoogoooooooo g

_a
(a)

oooooooosoooooooaooa'jooooo-s-ao

Date

1216/89
1217/89
1218/89
1219189
12110189
1211 1189
12112189
12113189
12114189
12115189
12116189
12117189
12118189
12119189
12120189
12121189
12122189
12123189
12124189
12125189
12126189
12127189
12128189
12129189
12130189
12131 189
111 190
112/90
113/90
114/90
115/90
116/90
117/90
118190
119190
1110190
111 1190
1112190
111 3190
1114/90
111 5190
111 6190
111 7190
111 8190

Pioneer

CIR-10
(mm)

010)

.aapq

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

147

3rivers
(mm)

\IN-‘OOO-‘OU'IHOOOCOCDOOOCD-eo-‘ONOOO-a-ﬁNNOOOO-‘OO-‘OOOOO

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

3
3

OOOOmOOOOO-‘gddh\IOUICDOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Date

111 9190
1120190
1121 190
1122190
1123/90
1124/90
1125/90
1126/90
1127190
1128190
1129/90
1130/90
1131 190
211 190
212/90
213/90
214/90
215/90
216/90
217190
218190
219190
2110190
211 1190
2112190
2113190
211 4190
211 5190
2116190
2117190
2118190
211 9190
2120190
2121190
2122190
2122190
2122/90
2122/90
2122/90
2122190
2122190
311 190
312/90
313/90

Pioneer

CR-1O
(mm)

d

MN

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

148

3rivers
(mm)

oooooragooooomoooooogmooooojsooomoo

0‘
PM

OOOOOO-h-b

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

3
3

OOOOOOOOOODgQOONN-‘OOOOOOHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Date

314/90
315190
316190
317/90
318190
319190
3110190
311 1190
311 2190
311 3190
311 4190
311 5190
311 6190
311 7190
311 8190
311 9190
3120/90
3121 190
3122/90
3123/90
3124/90
3125190
3126/90
3127/90
31 28190
3129/90
3130/90
3131 190
411 190
412/90
413/90
414/90
415/90
416/90
417190
418190
419190
411 0190
411 1190
411 2190
4113190
4/1 4190
411 5190
4116190

Pioneer

CR-1o
(mm)

10

13

w—l

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

149

3rivers
(mm)

000900

A d
.3020:

DOOM-40000001

.a
N

00000

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

3
0000 3

d d
o‘w

41400-wooawaaooooooaooonoomooow

a
\l

dONNON

150

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation total daily

Date CR-10 Manual 3rivers
(mm) . (mm) (mm) (mm) mm

411 7190 0
411 8190
4/1 9190
4120/90 16
4121 190 0
4122/90
4123/90
4124/90
4125/90
4126/90
4127190
4128190 1
4129/90
4130/90
511 190
512190
513/90 1
514190 18
515190
516/90
517190
518190
519190
511 0190 16
511 1190
511 2190
511 3190
511 4190
5115190
5/1 6190
511 7190
5118190
5119/90
5120/90
5121 190 0
5122/90
5123/90
5124/90
5125/90 1 1
5126/90
5127/90
5128/90
5129190
5130190

000

a
O)

\lNOB;
a N—a a a
OCCCOJOCOOOOOO\JNOANOmOOCOOm-‘CCOC-‘OCOOOOO

Date

5131 190
611 190
612190
613/90
614/90
615/90
616/90
617190
618190
619190

611 0190

611 1190

6/1 2190

6113190

611 4190

611 5190

611 6190

611 7190

611 8190

611 9190

6120/90

6121 190

6122/90

6123/90

6124/90

6125/90

6126/90

6127190

6128190

6129/90

6130190
711/90
712/90
713/90
714/90
715/90
716/90
717190
718190
719190

711 0190

711 1190
7/1 2190
711 3190

151

Pioneer Pioneer

CR-1O Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)

‘0)

11

01

11

irrigation

(mm)

18

total daily

3
3

:oooo-woo

O-‘OOOOWOQOOOOCOJOOOOO

—|
d

doaogooooooooom

Date

711 4190
7/1 5/90
711 6190
7/1 7190
711 3190
7/1 9190
7120/90
7121 190
7122/90
7123/90
7124/90
7125/90
7126/90
7127/90
7/28/90
7/29/90
7130/90
7/31 190
9/1 190
8/2/90
813/90
814/90
815/90
816/90
8/7/90
818190
919190
811 0/90
8/1 1/90
9/1 2190
311 3190
3/14/90
811 5190
3/1 6190
911 7/90
911 8190
8/1 9190
3/20/90
8/21 /90
8122/90
8123/90
8124/90
8/25/90
8126/90

152

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation total daily
CR-1O Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) mm
2 2
O 0
16 1 6
0
3 3
5 5
1 9 19

M
NO
N
‘10

0

0

0

0

0

0

22 22

0

0

0

0

0

15 15
0

0

0

22 22

0

0

8 8
16 16
4 4
0

0

0

0

2 2
0 0
22 22
6 6
0

0

0

0

0

Date

8127190
8128190
8129/90
8130/90
8131190
911190
912190
913190
914/90
915/90
916/90
917190
918190
919190
911 0190
911 1190
911 2190
9113/90
9114/90
911 5190
911 6190
911 7190
911 8190
9/1 9190
9120/90
9121 190
9122190
9123/90
9124/90
9125/90
9126190
9127/90
9128/90
9129/90
9130/90
1011190
1012190
1013190
1014/90
1015/90
1016/90
1017/90
1018/90
1019/90

153

Pioneer Pioneer

CR-1O Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)

0
1

17

11

30

--|

46

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

3
3

oooooogwo-aOOOOOan

cub —I
‘0‘.

goo-aooo‘goono-soooo-amgoano

Date

10110190
10111190
10112190
10113190
10114190
10115190
10116190
10117190
10118190
10119190
10120190
10121 190
10122190
10123190
10124190
10125190
10126190
10127190
10128190
10129190
10130190
10131190
1 111190

1 112190

1 113190

1 114190

1 115190

1 1/6/90

1 117190

1 118190

1 119190

11110190
1 1111190
11112190
11113190
11114190
11115190
11116190
11117190
11118190
11119190
11120190
1 1121 190
11122190

154

Pioneer Pioneer

3rivers
lmml

Manual
(mm)

CR-1O
(mm)

0

14
34

G’s—I

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

oa-aooooooooooooooo‘g3'ooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Date

11123190
11124190
11125190
1 1126190
11127190
11128190
1 1129190
11130190
1211 190
1212190
1213190
1214/90
1215/90
1216/90
1217/90
1218/90
1219190
12110190
1211 1190
12112190
12113190
12114190
12115190
12116190
12117190
12118190
12119190
12120190
12121 190
12122190
12123190
12124190
12125190
12126190
12127190
12128190
12129190
12130190
12131190
111 191
112/91
113/91
114/91
115/91

Pioneer

CIR-1O
(mm)

1

59
13

12

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

155

3rivers
(mm)

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

oooooooa‘ooooooomooooooooooooooooogoooo(3g-oo-

Date

116/91
117191
118/91
119/91
1110191
1111191
1112191
1113191
1114191
111 5191
1116/91
1117/91
1118/91
1119/91
1120/91
1121/91
1122/91
1123/91
1124/91
1125/91
1126/91
1127/91
1128/91
1129/91
1130/91
1131191
211/91
212/91
213191
214191
215191
216/91
217191
218191
219191
2110/91
2111/91
2112/91
211 3191
2/1 4191
211 5191
211 6191
211 7191
2118191

Pioneer

CR-1O
(mm)

0

7

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

156

3rivers
(mm)

6

OO-INIDOOOOOOOOOOOOOdNOOOOOOOOHOOOPmOO-‘ZPOO

Irrigation

(mm)

tetal daily

mm

#00000)

—D
—|

00‘NCDOOOOOOOOOOOOO-iNOOOOOOOOdOOO'meOd

Date

211 9191
2120/91
2121/91
2122/91
2123/91
2124191
2125191
2126191
2127/91
2128/91
311 191
312191
313191
314191
315191
316191
317191
318191
319191
3110191
311 1191
3/1 2191
311 3191
3/1 4191
311 5191
3116191
3117191
311 8191
311 9191
3120191
3121/91
3122/91
3123/91
3124/91
3125/91
3126191
3127191
3128/91
3129/91
3130/91
3131191
411191
412191
413191

Pioneer

CIR-10
(mm)

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

157

3rivers
(mm)

000000»ngoursoooogooooooomooewoonuomaoooooooa

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

OOOOOOONOOdNOONVON-ﬁOOOOOOO-ﬁ g

.3
OD

oowoomgmoowisoooo

Date

414191
415191
416/91
417191
418191
419191
4110191
4/1 1191
411 2191
411 3191
4114191
411 5191
4/1 6191
4/1 7191
4118191
4119/91
4120/91
4121 191
4122191
4123/91
4124/91
4125/91
4126/91
4127/91
4128191
4129/91
4130/91
511 191
512191
513191
514191
515191
516/91
517191
518191
519191
5110191
511 1191
511 2191
5113191
511 4191
511 5191
511 6191
5117191

Pioneer

CR-1O
(mm)

7
1

53

20

_a
0190

13

—3

24

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

158

3rivers
(mm)

00,230

ogooaggmaooma

0§0

NooooowMN-aggo

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

00,30

95.000333100000010

0520

nomooowmmaao

19

159

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation total daily

Date CR-10 Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) mm

511 8191
5119/91
5120/91
5121/91
5122/91
5123/91 1

5124/91 1 1
5125/91 8
5126191

5127/91

5128/91

5129/91

5130/91 5

5131 191 27
611 191 0
612191

613/91

614/91

615/91

616/91

617191

618191

619191

611 0191

611 1191 13
6112191

611 3191

611 4191

6/1 5191 2

6116191

6/1 7191

611 8191

611 9191

6120191

6121/91

6122/91 1

6123191

6124/91

6125/91

6126/91

6127191

6128191

6129/91

6130/91 55

00000
#00000

—I
d

00000000003900000‘3‘a000000

I:
0000000a000000~00050000000000ﬁ01000000

OOOOOOO-‘OOOOOOCDOOO

01
0'1

Date

711 191
712191
713/91
714/91
715/91
716/91
717191
718191
719191
7110191
7111191
711 2191
711 3191
7114/91
711 5191
711 6191
711 7191
711 8191
711 9191
7120/91
7121 191
7122191
7123/91
7124/91
7125/91
7126/91
7127/91
7128191
7129/91
7130/91
7131191
811191
812191
813191
814/91
815/91
816191
817191
818191
819191
8110191
811 1191
8112191
811 3191

Pioneer

CR-10
(mm)

17

42

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

42
0
4

160

3rivers
(mm)

39

71
0

12

OOOvb-*OOOOO-‘ﬁOOOOOOOOOOOOONOOO

_n
\I

0000‘53-0000

Irrigation

(mm)

29

total daily

4:03 3

000::-08000‘2300000000000000000;

—I
N

0000‘53‘0000

Date

8114191
8115191
811 6191
8/1 7191
811 8191
811 9191
8120191
8121 191
8122/91
8123/91
8124/91
8125/91
8126/91
8127191
8128191
8129/91
8130/91
8131 191
911191

912191

913191

914191

915191

916191

917191

918191

919191

911 0191
911 1191
9112191
911 3191
9114/91
911 5191
911 6191
911 7191
911 8191
911 9191
9120191
9121/91
9122/91
9123/91
9124191
9125191
9126191

Pioneer

CR-l 0
(mm)

10
10
43

29

—I

HO)

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

161

3rivers
(mm)

0‘000004000010:;30amoo00g0004000000000080~0000

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

00-00000-s000010:'o‘o-smoooogoooa000000000030100000

Date

9127191
9128191
9129191
9130191
1011 191
1012191
1013191
1014/91
1015/91
1016191
1017191
1018/91
1019191
10110191
10111191
10112191
10113191
10114191
10115191
10116191
10117191
10118191
10119191
10120191
10121 191
10122191
10123191
10124191
10125191
10126191
10127191
10128191
10129191
10130191
10131191
1111 191
1112191
1113191
1114/91
1115191
1116191
1117191
1118191
1119191

Pioneer

CIR-10
(mm)

‘0)

14
38
17

17

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

162

3rivers
(mm)

00~00N0000300033000000000000-a0#wooowwﬁa‘ﬁoooooo

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

3
3

@58000000

00~0000003000330000000000040910000020

Date

11110191
11111191
11112191
11113191
11114191
11115191
11116191
11117191
11118191
11119191
11120191
11121191
11122191
11123191
11124191
11125191
11126191
11127191
11128191
11129191
11130191
1211191
1212191
1213191
1214/91
1215191
1216191
1217191
1218/91
1219191
12110191
12111191
12112191
12113191
12114191
12115191
12116191
12117191
12118191
12119191
12120191
12121191
12122191
12123191

Pioneer

CR-10
(mm)

27

wd§d

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

163

3rivers
(mm)

0000:000a9300930000ano-sw'gmwomao-s-aoo

—I
—|

#OVOO-JON-BO

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

0000000-s930003000a~040§-0~30a-s00

—I
—I

PONOO-‘ON-SO

Date

12124191
12125191
12126191
12127191
12128191
12129191
12130191
12131 191

1/1 192
112/92
113/92
114/92
115192
116192
117192
118192
119/92
1110192
1/1 1192
1112192
1113192
1114192
111 5192
1/1 6192
111 7192
1/1 8192
1119192
1120/92
1121/92
1122/92
1123/92
1124/92
1125/92
1126/92
1127/92
1128/92
1129/92
1130/92
1131192
211/92
212192
213192
214192
215192

Pioneer

CR-I 0
(mm)

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

164

3rivers
(mm)

OOOOOOOOOONdwOOOOOOOwOCDdOO-‘SCOOOOGOOOOCDOOOOO

Irrigation

Imml

total daily

mm

OOOOOOOOOONdwOOOOOOOwO‘D-‘OO-‘800000OOOOOQOOOOO

Date ~

216192
217192
218192
219192
211 0192
211 1192
2112192
211 3192
2/1 4192
211 5192
2116192
211 7192
2/1 8192
2119192
2120192
2121192
2122/92
2123/92
2124/92
2125/92
2126/92
2127/92
2128/92
2129/92
311 192
312192
313192
314/92
315/92
316/92
317/92
318192
319192
3110192
311 1/92
311 2192
3/1 3192
3114192
3115192
311 6192
311 7192
3118192
311 9192
3120/92

Pioneer

CR-10
(mm)

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

165

3rivers
(mm)

OOOOON-‘OO

900000a00000a000~0003

_a
N

00000000000300

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

OOOOON-‘OO

900000a00000a000~0003

.0
N

00000000000300

Date

3121 192
3122/92
3123/92
3124/92
3125/92
3126/92
3127/92
3128/92
3129/92
3130/92
3131 192
411 192
412192
413/92
414/92
415/92
416/92
417192
418192
419192
411 0192
411 1192
411 2192
4/1 3192
411 4192
4/1 5192
411 6192
4/1 7192
4/1 8192
4/1 9192
4120/92
4121192
4122/92
4123/92
4124/92
4125/92
4126/92
4127/92
4128/92
4129/92
4130192
511192
512192
513192

Pioneer

CIR-10
(mm)

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

166

3rivers
Imml

_I
‘10

#OOUI-‘OOO

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

_-|
\‘O

«bOOm-‘OOO

Date

514/92
515/92
516/92
517192
518192
519192
511 0192
511 1192
5112192
511 3192
511 4192
511 5192
5116192
511 7192
5118192
511 9192
5120/92
5121 192
5122192
5123192
5124192
5125192
5126/92
5127/92
5128/92
5129/92
5130/92
5131 192
611 192
612192
613/92
614/92
615192
616/92
617192
618192
619192
6110192
611 1192
611 2192
6113192
6114192
611 5192
6116192

167

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation

CIR-10 Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

0

N

14

total daily

3
3

WOOOOO\INOOOO-‘OOOOODOOH‘OOOO

.0
(D

0<>0<30<30c>0<33<30<30<30

Date

611 7192
611 8192
6119/92
6120/92
6121/92
6122/92
6123192
6124192
6125192
6126/92
6127/92
6128/92
6129/92
6130192
711192
712192
713192
714192
715192
716192
717192
718192
719192
711 0192
711 1/92
7/1 2192
7/1 3192
7/1 4192
711 5192
7116/92
7117/92
7118192
7119192
7120192
7121 192
7122/92
7123192
7124192
7125/92
7126/92
7127/92
7128/92
7129/92
7130/92

168

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation
CR-I 0 Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 9
1
4 1
3 5
O
3
1
3 9
O
1 2
6
5
O 1 4
34 37
1 7 24
5 O
1 0
6
3
O
1 44
4O 1
O
8 1 2
8 31

total daily

mm

_a
(D

00-aﬁ00000030ﬁg;000N000000000000010-aa0000

0c>0;;

(.0
_s

Date

7131 192
811192
812192
813192
814/92
815/92
816/92
817192
818192
819192

8110192

8/1 1192

8112192

8/1 3192

811 4192

8115192

8116192

8117192

8118192

811 9192

8120192

8121 192

8122192

8123192

8124/92

8125192

8126192

8127192

8128192

8129192

8130/92

8131/92
911 192
912192
913192
914192
915/92
916/92
917192
918192
919192
911 0192
911 0192
911 0192

Pioneer

CR-IO
(mm)

23

0

169

Pioneer Irrigation

Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)

12

15

34

14

total daily

mm

00000;

_0
U1

0000300001000;000030000032000000000000000

Date

911 0192

911 0192

9110/92

9110192

9110192

9/1 0192

911 0192

9120192

9121192

9122/92

9123/92

9124/92

9125/92

9126/92

9127/92

9128/92

9129192

9130192

1011192

1012192

1013192

1014/92

1015/92

1016192

1017192

1018/92

1019192

10110192
1011 1192
10112192
10113192
10114192
10115192
10116192
10116192
10116192
10116192
10116192
10121 192
10122192
10123192
10124192
10125192
10126192

Pioneer

CR-1O
(mm)

71

10

O)

_|_|_|o

46
11

170

Pioneer Irrigation

Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)

81

11

O)

15

total daily

00000003002200 3

_a
U"

MOO-'d-‘OOOOOOOOOOO

a9
do:

OOOOOOPOOOO)

171

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation total daily

Date CIR-10 Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

3
3

10127192
10128192
10129192
10130192
10131192
1111192
1112192
1113192
1114192
1115/92
1116/92
1117/92
1118/92
1119192
11110192
11111192
11112192
11113192
11114192
11115192
11116192
11117192
11118192
11119192 1
11120192

11121192 2
11122192 13
11123192

11124192

11125192

11126192

11127192

11128192

11129192 0
11130192

1211 192

1212192 3
1213192

1214192

1215192

1216192

1217/92

1218/92

1219/92

N...)
4‘9

220.0100 0-:00

(1000

00000000000000000a;M0-00000030¢~0004002300000

Date

12110192
1211 1192
12112192
12113192
12114192
12115192
12116192
12117192
12118192
12119192
12120192
12121192
12122192
12123192
12124192
12125192
12126192
12127192
12128192
12129192
12130192
111 193
112/93
113/93
114/93
115/93
116193
117193
118/93
119/93
111 0193
111 1193
1112193
1113193
1114193
1115193
1116193
111 7193
1118193
111 9193
1120193
1121193
1122193
1123193

172

Pioneer Pioneer

3rivers
(mm)

CR-1O Manual
(mm) (mm)

0000-900

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

3
3

0-~000000000000000-a30100300000000-00N000c000-000

Date

1124/93
1125/93
1126193
1127/93
1128/93
1129/93
1130/93
1131 193
211 193
212/93
213/93
214/93
215/93
216/93
217193
218193
219193
211 0193
211 1193
211 2193
211 3193
211 4193
2115193
211 6193
2117193
2118193
2/1 9193
2120/93
2121 193
2122193
2123193
2124193
2125/93
2126193
2127193
2128193
311193
312193
313193
314193
315193
316/93
317/93
318/93

Pioneer

CPI-10
(mm)

(D-‘ONOO

—l

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

173

3rivers
(mm)

Irrigation

(mmI

total daily

3
3

N-*000-.ON0000000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOdOOOO

Date

319193
311 0193
3/1 1193
311 2193
311 3193
311 4193
311 5193
3116193
311 7193
3/1 8193
311 9193
3120/93
3121193
3122/93
3123/93
3124/93
3125/93
3126/93
3127/93
3128/93
3129/93
3130/93
3131 193

411 193

412193

413/93

414/93

415/93

416/93

417193

418193

419193
4110193
411 1193
4112193
4113/93
4114/93
411 5193
4/1 6193
4/1 7193
411 8193
411 9193
4120193
4121 193

Pioneer

CIR-10
(mm)

010

010

Pioneer

Manual
(mm)

174

3rivers
(mm)

Irrigation

(mm)

total daily

mm

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOwOmOOOGOOOw-hd0

Date

4122/93
4123/93
4124/93
4125/93
4126193
4127193
4128193
4129/93
4130/93
511 193
512193
513193
514/93
515/93
516/93
517193
518193
519193
511 0193
511 1193
5112193
5113193
511 4193
5/1 5193
511 6193
5/1 7193
5/1 8193
5119193
5120193
5121193
5122/93
5123/93
5124/93
5125/93
5126193
5127/93
5128/93
5129/93
5130/93
5131 193
611 193
612193
613193
614193

175

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation

CIR-10 Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

13

20

total daily

#mOOOOOOOOOO g

00000004400000‘0000:

0-a0030a00003

N
O

Date

615193
616193
617193
618193
619193
611 0193
611 1193
6112/93
611 3193
611 4193
611 5193
6116193
611 7193
6/1 8193
6119193
6120193
6121 193
6122193
6123/93
6124/93
6125/93
6126/93
6127/93
6128/93
6129193
6130193
711 193
712193
713193
714/93
715/93
716/93
717193
718193
719193
711 0193
7/1 1193
711 2193
7/1 3193
7114193
7/1 5193
7/1 6193
7117193
711 8193

176

Pioneer Pioneer Irrigation

CR-1O Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

41
41

15

total daily

3
3

400000080g00000000010—s~10000003000000000003300

Date

711 9193
7120/93
7121 193
7122/93
7123/93
7124/93
7125/93
7126/93
7127/93
7128/93
7129193
7130193
7131 193
811193
812193
813193
814/93
815/93
816/93
817193
818193
819193
811 0193
811 1193
8112193
8/1 3193
811 4193
811 5193
8/1 6193
811 7193
8118193
811 9193
8120/93
8121193
8122193
8123193
8124193
8126193
8127193
8128193
8129193
8130193
8131 193
911193

Pioneer

CR-IO
(mm)

20

21

19

14

177

Pioneer Irrigation
Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)
8
25
5
1 3
8
4 30
25
34
1
55
14

total daily

{300001000000005000000000 g

‘01 0310 w
O#mOOO-'¢mOOOOOOOOO#mOO

Date

912193
913193
914/93
915/93
916/93
917193
918193
919193
911 0193
911 1193
9112193
911 3193
911 4193
9/1 5193
911 6193

Pioneer

CR-IO
(mm)

41
2

10

-I

34

178

Pioneer Irrigation

Manual 3rivers
(mm) (mm) (mm)

48

14

58

total daily

3
3

00$0000000§0030

APPENDIX C

APPENDD( C.

Drainage sample volumes and Nitrate concentration data.

07/04/89
07/23/89
08/08/89
0813 1189
10130189
10131/89
1013 1189
1013 1189
1 I/Ol/89
1 I/OI/89
1 I/Ol/89
1 1101/89
1 1102/89
1 1102/89
1 1103/89
1 1/04/89
1 1105/89
1 1108/89
1 1112189
1 1/1 5189
1 111 7189
1 1118/89
1 1119/89
1 1120/89
1 112 1139
1 1124/89
1 I/26/89
1 1130/89
I2/06/89
12114139
12125189
01106/90
01119190
01129190

Lys# SampIe#

Hi—II—IHI—Ii—II—IHHHHHi—IHHI—Ii—IHHHHi—IHHHHHHHHHHHH

--~Hﬂ~I—~
\OOOxleL/iAwN_O\OOO\IO\UiAwN

wNNNIQNNNNNN
OOOOQGUIAMN—‘O

31#
32#
33
34
35

Vol
liters

22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
16.00
22.13
22.13
22.14
22.13
22.13
22.22
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
4.29
5.94
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94

179

N03 -N

ppm

2.90
9.37
6.77
1 1.41
12.06
12.63
16.41
14.92
19.58
7.61
18.32
16.57
18.23
23.55
18.47
21.27
20.56
27.23
27.94
15.69
22.07
21.79
13.10
14.80
20.07
30.42
32.81
22.72
26.28
24.37
24.37
22.45
36.29
35.76

Load
kg/ha

0.172
0.556
0.402
0.677
0.518
0.750
0.975
0.886
1.163
0.452
1.092
0.984
1.082
1.398
1.096
1.263
1.220
1.616
1.659
0.931
1.310
1.293
0.778
0.879
1.191
1.806
1.948
1.349
1.560
1.447
1.447
1.333
2.154
2.123

cum
drain
(mm)

5.94
1 1.87
17.81
23.74
28.04
33.98
39.91
45.86
51.79
57.73
63.70
69.63
75.57
81.50
87.44
93.38
99.31
105.25
1 1 1.18
1 17.12
123.06
128.99
134.93
140.86
146.80
152.74
158.67
164.61
170.54
176.48
182.42
188.35
194.29
200.22

cum
load

kg/ha

0.17
0.73
1.13
1.81
2.33
3.08
4.05
4.94
6.10
6.55
7.64
8.63
9.71
1 1.1 1
12.20
13.47
14.69
16.30
17.96
18.89
20.20
21.50
22.27
23.15
24.34
26.15
28.10
29.45
31.01
32.45
33.90
35.23
37.39
39.51

02/0 1190
02/04/90
02/08/90
02/ 1 1190
02/17/90
02/22/90
02/23/90
02/23/90
02/24/90
02/25/90
02/26/90
02128190
03103190
03106190
03109190
0311 0190
0311 1190
031 12190
031 13190
031 1 5190
031 16190
031 19190
03123190
03129190
04108190
04/ 13190
0411 6190
04/ 1 8190
04/2 1190
04/25/90
04/28/90
05/03/90
05/ 10190
05/ 16190
05/ 17190
05/ 1 8190
05/1 8190
05/ 19190
05/20/90
0512 1190
05/23/90
05/25/90
05/30/90
06/06/90

Lys# Sample#

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47#
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79

Vol
liters

22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.36
22.26
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.13
22.12
22.33
22.12
22.12
22. 15
22.12
22.12
22.12
22. 12
22.12
22.14
22. 14
22.16
22.25
22.17
22.16
22.16
22.15
22.14
22.14
22.20
22.35
22.45
22.37
22.48
22.25
22.20
22.17
22. 16
22. 15
22.14

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.00
5.97
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.94
5.99
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.97
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
6.00
6.02
6.00
6.03
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94

180

N03 -N
PPm

16.72
31.15
19.48
30.76
32.04
26.72
20.13
14.64
28.54
35.37
36.80
42.72
48.64
43.29
45.66
1 1.59
4.54
41.67
8.19
22. 15
30.06
23.16
19.65
31.76
25.76
20.45
31.51
24.96
19.35
21.56
21.24
29.55
12.29
32.54
16.17
22.89
21 .79
18.73
20.02
32.65
20.00
20.00
27.37
10.23

Load
kg1ha

0.992
1.849
1.156
1.826
1.902
1.586
1.208
0.875
1.694
2.100
2.184
2.536
2.889
2.570
2.736
0.688
0.269
2.477
0.486
1.315
1.784
1.375
1.166
1.887
1.530
1.216
1.881
1.485
1.151
1.282
1.263
1.756
0.730

' 1.939

0.970
1.379
1.308
1.130
1.195
1.945
1.190
1.189
1.627
0.608

cum
(M)

206.16
212.09
218.03
223.97
229.90
235.84
241.84
247.81
253.75
259.68
265.62
271.56
277.50
283.43
289.42
295.36
301.30
307.24
313.18
319.11
325.05
330.98
336.92
342.86
348.80
354.75
360.72
366.67
372.62
378.56
384.51
390.45
396.39
402.35
408.34
414.37
420.37
426.40
432.37
438.33
444.28
450.23
456.17
462.11

cum
load

kg/ha

40.50
42.35
43.51
45.33
47.23
48.82
50.03
50.90
52.60
54.70
56.88
59.42
62.30
64.87
67.61
68.30
68.57
71.05
71.53
72.85
74.63
76.01
77.17
79.06
80.59
81.81
83.69
85.17
86.32
87.60
88.87
90.62
91.35
93.29
94.26
95.64
96.95
98.08
99.27
101.22
102.41
103.60
105.22
105.83

06/1 8190
07/06/90
07/27/90
08/03/90
08/ 14190
08/23/90
08/29/90
09/04/90
09/ 14190
10108190
10110190
10110190
10110190
10110190
1011 1190
10/ 1 1190
1011 1190
10112190
10112190
10113190
10115190
10117190
1012 1190
10127190
1 1104/90
1 1107/90
1 1108/90
1 1109/90
1 1/1 1190
1 1/1 5190
1 1120/90
1 1127/90
1 1128190
1 1128/90
1 1128190
1 1128/90
1 1129/90
1 1129/90
1 1130190
12101190
12102190
12105190
12105190
01123191

Lys# Sample#

#1

HHHHHHHHHHHHHI—‘HHHI—‘HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123

Vol
liters

22. 13
22.12
22.14
22.13
22.12
22.13
22. 14
22. 14
22.13
22.21
22.78
23.15
23.06
22.87
22.78
22.99
22.41
22.33
22.26
22.22
22.18
22.18
22.15
22.14
22.13
22.24
22.22
22.20
22.17
22.17
22. 16
22.15
22. 14
22.13
22.12
22.14
22.13
22.12
22.13
22. 14
22.14
22.13
22.21
161.36

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
6.11
6.21
6.19
6.14
6.1 1
6.17
6.01
5.99
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.97
5.96
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94

' 5.94

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96

43.30

181

NOB-N

. ppm

23.63
25.47
25.45
20.23
20.05
22.40
15.63
41.35
33.00
32.77
39.80
26.93
29.48
34.90
38.80
40.76
41.40
41.55
41.06
40.38
38.96
35.00
35.00
25.99
22.22
29.10
27.65
42.75
43.39
46.20
46.20
41.10
41.70
35.90
36.30
39.30
38.50
40.30
40.30
41.80
43.30
41.70
38.20
25.30

Load
kg/ha

1.403
1.512
1.512
1.201
1.190
1.330
0.929
2.457
1.960
1.953
2.433
1.673
1.824
2.142
2.372
2.515
2.490
2.490
2.453
2.408
2.319
2.083
2.080
1.544
1.320
1.737
1.649
2.547
2.581
2.749
2.747
2.443
2.478
2.132
2.155
2.335
2.286
2.392
2.393
2.483
2.573
2.476
2.277
10.955

cum
drain
(M)

468.05
473.99
479.93
485.87
491.80
497.74
503.68
509.63
515.56
521.52
527.64
533.85
540.04
546.17
552.29
558.46
564.47
570.46
576.44
582.40
588.35
594.30
600.25
606.19
612.13
618.10
624.06
630.02
635.97
641.91
647.86
653.81
659.75
665.69
671.62
677.56
683.50
689.44
695.38
701.32
707.26
713.20
719.16
762.46

cum
load

kg/ha

107.24
108.75
110.26
111.46
112.65
113.98
114.91
117.37
119.33
121.28
123.71
125.39
127.21
129.35
131.72
134.24
136.73
139.22
141.67
144.08
146.40
148.48
150.56
152.11
153.42
155.16
156.81
159.36
161.94
164.69
167.43
169.88
172.35
174.49
176.64
178.98
181.26
183.66
186.05
188.53
191.10
193.58
195.86
206.81

1 82
Lys# Samp1e# V01 Drain NO3-N Load cum cum
liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm) kg/ha
02/01/91 11 124 87.94 23.60 24.80 5.853 786.06 212.67
03106191 11 125 44.72 12.00 21.60 2.592 0 0
04101191 1 1 22.17 5.95 17.77 1.057 5.95 1.06
04106191 1 2 22.14 5.94 13.33 0.792 11.89 1.85
04116191 1 3 22.25 5.97 11.52 0.688 17.86 2.54
04116191 1 4 22.57 6.06 6.57 0.398 23.92 2.93
0411 7/91 1 5 22 .26 5.97 1 1.49 0.686 29.89 3.62
04/19/91 1 6 22.18 5.95 11.50 0.684 35.84 4.31
04121191 1 7 22.38 6.01 5.14 0.309 41.85 4.61
04122191 1 8 22.22 5.96 6.30 0.376 47.81 4.99
04/24/91 1 9 22.19 5.95 11.22 0.668 53.77 5.66
04/27/91 1 10 22.12 5.94 14.41 0.855 59.70 6.51
04129191 1 1 1 22.18 5.95 14.45 0.860 65.66 7.37
04130191 1 13 22.18 5.95 12.82 0.763 71.61 8.14
05/02/91 1 14 22.17 5.95 13.62 0.810 77.56 8.95
05/05/91 1 15 22.18 5.95 13.62 0.81 1 83.51 9.76
05/12/91 1 16 22.15 5.94 13.62 0.810 89.45 10.57
05/19/91 1 18 22.14 5.94 8.98 0.534 95.39 11.10
05/27/91 1 19 22.13 5.94 9.02 0.536 101.33 11.64
06/17/91 1 21 66.43 17.83 6.51 1.161 119.16 12.80
09/15/91 1 21 22.14 5.94 20.79 1.235 125.10 14.03
10108191 11 22 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 131.05 14.92
10110191 11 23 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 137.00 15.82
10115191 11 24 22.15 5.94 15.00 0.892 142.94 16.71
10122191 11 25 22.13 5.94 15.00 0.891 148.88 17.60
10126191 1 26 22.46 6.03 26.65 1.606 154.91 19.21
10126191 11 22.45 6.02 15.00 0.904 160.93 20.11
10127191 11 22.37 6.00 15.00 0.900 166.94 21.01
10127191 11 22.38 6.01 15.00 0.901 172.94 21.91
10128191 11 22.46 6.03 15.00 0.904 178.97 22.81
10128191 11 22.31 5.99 15.00 0.898 184.96 23.71
10129191 11 22.25 5.97 15.00 0.896 190.93 24.61
10130191 11 22.20 5.96 15.00 0.894 196.88 25.50
1 1101/91 11 22.26 5.97 15.00 0.896 202.86 26.40
1 1102/91 11 22.24 5.97 15.00 0.895 208.83 27.29
11103191 11 22.22 5.96 15.00 0.894 214.79 28.19
1 1105191 11 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 220.74 29.08
1 1108191 11 22.16 5.95 15.00 0.892 226.69 29.97
1 1113191 11 22. 14 5.94 15.00 0.891 232.63 30.86
11121191 11 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 238.58 31.76
1 1123/91 11 22.26 5.97 15.00 0.896 244.55 32.65
1 1125191 11 22.18 5.95 15.00 0.893 250.50 33.54
1 1127191 11 22.16 5.95 15.00 0.892 256.45 34.44
12102191 11 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 262.40 35.33

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

183

Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum
liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm kg/ha
12/07/91 1 27 22.15 5.94 17.14 1.019 268.34 36.35
12/1 1/91 1 28 22.18 5.95 21.40 1.274 274.29 37.62
12/13/91 # 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 280.24 38.51
12/15/91 # 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 286.19 39.41
12/17/91 # 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 292.14 40.30
12/21/91 # 22.18 5.95 15.00 0.893 298.09 41.19
12/26/91 # 22.14 5.94 15.00 0.891 304.04 42.08
01/03/92 # 22.13 5.94 15.00 0.891 309.97 42.97
01/11/92 # 22.17 5.95 15.00 0.892 315.92 43.87
01/15/92 # 22.15 5.94 15.00 0.892 321.87 44.76
01/20/92 # 22. 14 5.94 15.00 0.891 327.81 45.65
01/28/92 # 22.13 5.94 15.00 0.891 333.75 46.54
02/04/92 # 22.14 5.94 15.00 0.891 339.69 47.43
02/13/92 1 30 22.13 5.94 8.50 0.505 345.63 47.94
02/21/92 1 31 22.16 5.95 9.80 0.583 351.57 48.52
02/24/92 1 32 22.17 5.95 6.60 0.393 357.52 48.91
02/28/92 1 33 22.15 5.94 18.20 1.082 363.47 49.99
03/04/92 1 34 22. 14 5.94 18.00 1.069 369.41 51.06
03/1 1/92 1 35 22. 13 5.94 9.42 0.559 375.35 51.62
03/16/92 1 36 22.20 5.96 14.07 0.838 381.30 52.46

03/19/92 # 37 22.16 5.95 15.00 0.892 387.25 53.35

03/22/92 1 3 8 22. 17 5.95 1 1.70 0.696 393.20 54.05
03/26/92 1 39 22. 15 5.94 8.30 0.493 399.14 54.54
03/30/92 1 40 22. 16 5.95 10.86 0.646 405.09 55.19
04/02/92 1 41 22.16 5.95 2.07 0.123 411.04 55.31
04/06/92 1 42 22. 15 5.94 10.32 0.613 416.98 55.92
04/1 1/92 1 43 22. 14 5.94 12.31 0.731 422.92 56.66
04/17/92 1 44 22. 15 5.94 13.26 0.788 428.87 57.44
04/26/92 1 45 22. 13 5.94 10.76 0.639 434.81 58.08
05/08/92 1 46 22. 13 5 .94 1 1.61 0.689 440.74 58.77
05/19/92 1 47 22. 15 5.94 7.21 0.429 446.69 59.20
05/31/92 1 48 22.13 5.94 7.91 0.470 452.63 59.67
06/ 1 6/92 1 49 22.13 5.94 4.67 0.277 458.57 59.95
06/30/92 1 50 22. 12 5.94 6.07 0.360 464.50 60.31
07/15/92 1 51 22.21 5.96 6.47 0.386 470.46 60.69
07/17/92 1 52 22.20 5.96 4.31 0.257 476.42 60.95
07/19/92 1 53 22.17 5.95 1 1.00 0.654 482.37 61.60
07/22/92 1 54 22.17 5.95 6.09 0.362 488.32 61.97
07/24/92 1 55 22.22 5.96 9.68 0.577 494.28 62.54
07/25/92 1 56 22.20 5.96 8.10 0.483 500.24 63.03
07/27/92 1 57 22.17 5.95 9.19 0.547 506.19 63.57
07/31/92 1 58 22. 15 5.94 6.31 0.375 512.13 63.95
08/03/92 1 59 22.17 5.95 8.91 0.530 518.08 64.48
08/03/92 1 60 22.17 5.95 5.31 0.316 524.03 64.79

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

08/06/92
08/10/92
08/18/92
09/01/92
09/10/92
09/1 1/92
09/12/92
09/13/92
09/15/92
09/15/92
09/16/92
09/16/92
09/16/92
09/16/92
09/17/92
09/18/92
09/19/92
09/21/92
09/25/92
09/30/92
10/07/92
10/15/92
10/16/92
10/17/92
10/ 1 8/92
10/20/92
10/22/92
10/26/92
1 1/01/92
1 1/04/92
1 1/05/92
1 1/22/92

1 1/25/92
1 1/28/92
12/01/92
12.’07/92
12/15/92
12/20/92
12/23/92

Lys#

HHl—‘HHHHI—‘HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHPH

HHHHHH

Sample#

61
62
63
54
65
66
67
68
69
n?
n?
n?
n?
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
#
sampler

caught
on wires
and
missed 8
samples
89
90
9 1
92
93
94
95

Vol
liters

22. 16
22.17
22. 13
22. 14
22.23
22.51
22.41
22.23
22.17
23.07
22.99
22.76
23.23
22.42
22.32
22.42
22.19
22.17
22. 15
22. 14
22. 13
22. 19
22.25
22.26
22.22
22.28
22.16
22.15
22.15
22.23
22.22

177.87

22.17
22.17
22.18
22.14
22.13
22.22
22.15

# Estimates were made in drainage amount

Drain NO3-N
mm ppm
5.95 14.23
5.95 14.22
5.94 14.36
5.94 15.29
5.97 15.11
6.04 15.78
6.01 15.32
5.97 14.02
5.95 13.76
6.19 10.00
6.17 10.00
6.1 1 10.00
6.23 10.00
6.02 7.29
5 .99 5.40
6.02 8.23
5.95 10.28
5.95 10.99
5.94 9.02
5.94 12.32
5.94 10.95
5.95 13.1 1
5.97 11.63
5.97 12.51
5.96 12.18
5.98 13.80
5.95 13.34
5.94 12.45
5.94 8.68
5.97 10.32
5.96 5.54

47.73 4.61
5.95 7.30
5.95 6.64
5.95 5.23
5.94 6.13
5.94 5.91
5.96 5.21
5.94 5.15

184

Load
kg/ha

0.846
0.846
0.853
0.908
0.901
0.953
0.921
0.836
0.819
0.619
0.617
0.61 1
0.623
0.439
0.323
0.495
0.612
0.654
0.536
0.732
0.650
0.781
0.694
0.747
0.726
0.825
0.793
0.740
0.516
0.616
0.330
2.200

0.434
0.395
0.31 1
0.364
0.351
0.31 1
0.306

cum
(mm)

529.98
535.93
541.87
547.81
553.77
559.81
565.83
571.79
577.74
583.93
590.10
596.21
602.44
608.46
614.45
620.47
626.42
632.37
638.31
644.25
650.19
656.15
662.12
668.09
674.06
680.03
685.98
691.93
697.87
703.83
709.80
757.53

763.48
769.43
775.38
781.32
787.26
793.22
799.17

cum
load

kg/ha

65.64
66.49
67.34
68.25
69.15
70.10
71.02
71.86
72.68
73.30
73.91
74.53
75.15
75.59
75.91
76.41
77.02
77.67
78.21
78.94
79.59
80.37
81.07
81.81
82.54
83.36
84.16
84.90
85.41
86.03
86.36
88.56

88.99
89.39
89.70
90.06
90.42
90.73
91.03

185
Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum

liters mm ppm kg/ha "drain load

(mm) kg/ha
12/28/92 1 96 22. 14 5.94 6.61 0.393 805.11 91.43
01/01/93 1 97 22.32 5.99 4.77 0.286 811.10 91.71
01/02/93 1 98 22.26 5.97 5.98 0.357 817.07 92.07
01/03/93 1 99 22.22 5.96 5.06 0.302 823.03 92.37
01/04/93 1 100 22.18 5.95 5.89 0.351 828.99 92.72
01/04/93 1 101 22.55 6.05 8.00 0.484 835.04 93.20
01/05/93 1 102 22.46 6.03 3.15 0.190 841.06 93.39
01/05/93 1 103 22.40 6.01 3.78 0.227 847.08 93.62
01/06/93 1 104 22.35 6.00 6.08 0.365 853.07 93.99
01/06/93 1 105 22.29 5.98 5.05 0.302 859.05 94.29
01/07/93 1 106 22.31 5.99 5.21 0.312 865.04 94.60
01/09/93 1 107 22.19 5.95 4.82 0.287 871.00 94.89
01/1 1/93 1 109 22.17 5.95 4.70 0.280 876.95 95.17
01/15/93 1 ?date 22. 14 5.94 5.39 0.320 882.89 95.49
01 /2 1/93 1 ? 22. 16 5.95 4.23 0.252 888.83 95.74
01/26/93 1 ? 22.18 5 .95 4.61 0.274 894.79 96.01
01/29/93 1 ? 22.22 5.96 4.46 0.266 900.75 96.28
01/31/93 1 N? 22.15 5.94 5.00 0.297 906.69 96.58
02/05/93 1 N? 22. 14 5.94 5.00 0.297 912.63 96.87
02/13/93 1 N? 22.13 5.94 5.00 0.297 918.57 97.17
02/26/93 1 N? 22. 13 5.94 5.00 0.297 924.51 97.47
03/12/93 1 N? 22.13 5.94 5.00 0.297 930.45 97.76
03/31/93 1 N? 22.10 5.93 5.00 0.297 936.38 98.06
04/04/93 1 N? 22. 17 5.95 5.00 0.297 942.33 98.36
04/06/93 1 N? 22.16 5.95 4.00 0.238 948.28 98.60
04/10/93 1 N? 22.18 5.95 4.00 0.238 954.23 98.83
04/15/93 1 N? 22. 14 5.94 4.00 0.238 960.17 99.07
04/20/93 1 N? 22. 14 5.94 4.00 0.238 966.1 1 99.31
06/02/93 1 24.73 6.64 4.23 0.281 972.75 99.59
06/08/93 1 22.44 6.02 2.86 0.172 978.77 99.76
06/13/93 1 22.20 5 .96 3.71 0.221 984.73 99.98
06/14/93 1 22. 17 5.95 4.48 0.267 990.68 100.25
06/17/93 1 22.19 5.95 4.17 0.248 996.63 100.50
06/20/93 1 22. 16 5.95 5.22 0.310 1002.58 100.81
06/23/93 1 1 120 22.17 5.95 4 0.221 1008.53 101.03
06/27/93 1 1121 22.14 5.94 4 0.216 1014.47 101.25
07/03/93 1 1 122 22. 16 5.95 5 0.277 1020.42 101.52
07/12/93 1 1123 22.13 5.94 4 0.214 1026.35 101.74
07/13/93 1 ?date 22. 13 5.94 8 0.467 1032.29 102.20
07/14/93 1 ?date 22. 13 5 .94 7 0.395 1038.23 102.60
10/01/93 1 126 0.00 12 0.000 1038.23 102.60
10/01/93 1 127 0.00 18 0.000 1038.23 102.60
10/04/93 1 200 9 2.28 19 0.434 1040.51 103.03
10/07/93 1 201 12 3.22 17 0.559 1043.73 103.59

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

10/08/93
10/1 1/93
10/13/93
10/15/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/21/93
10/22/93
10/25/93
10/28/93
10/3 1/93
1 1/04/93
1 1/10/93
12/21/93
01/03/94
02/23/94

07/20/89
10/30/89
1 1/01/89
1 1/01/89
1 1/02/89
1 1/03/89
1 1/09/89
1 l.’ 1 7/ 89
1 1/18/89
1 1/23/89
12/03/89
12/31/89
01/18/90
01/28/90
02/05/90
02/09/90
02/13/90
02/21/90
02/23/90
02/23/90
02/24/90
02/25/90
02/25/90
02/28/90
03/04/90

Lys# Samp1e#

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

NNMNNNNNMNNNNNMNNNNNNNNNN

202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217

\OMQOKUIkwN

Vol
liters

10

39
39
15
13
34
26
l8
14
16
14
43
100

37.66
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
22.12
22.13
22.12
22.40
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.13
22.12
22.12

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

1.48
2.68
1.88
2.15
10.47
10.47
4.03
3.49
9.12
6.98
4.83
3.76
4.29
3.76
11.54
26.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.11
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
11.87
5.94

186

5.94 ‘

5.94
6.01
5.94
5.94
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.94

NO3-N

1’1”“

20
16
18
15
19
20
18
17
15
16
12
16
12
7
7
5

5.20
4.21
11.00
5.22
14.81
13.91
16.79
13.97
13.29
22.85
17.95
13.60
30.62
12.95
21.65
11.80
17.95
18.74
15.93
13.14
11.40
19.63
5.75
10.61
23.89

Load
kg/ha

0.289
0.431
0.342
0.324
1.950
2.063
0.710
0.577
1.352
1.084
0.591
0.585
0.509
0.274
0.848
1.318

0.526
0.500
1.306
0.620
1.758
1.651
1.993
1.659
1.578
2.713
2.131
1.615
3.635
1.537
2.570
0.700
1.066
1.1 12
0.958
0.780
0.677
1.165
0.341
0.630
1.418

cum
drain
(nun)

1045.21
1047.89
1049.77
1051.92
1062.38
1072.85
1076.87
1080.36
1089.49
1096.46
1 101.29
1105.05
1 109.34
1113.10
1 124.64
1 151.48

10.1 1
21.98
33.85
45.72
57.59
69.47
81.34
93.21
105.08
1 16.95
128.83
140.70
152.57
164.44
176.31
182.25
188.19
194.12
200.13
206.07
212.01
217.94
223.88
229.82
235.75

cum
load

kg/ha

103.88
104.31
104.65
104.98
106.93
108.99
109.70
1 10.28
1 1 1.63
1 12.71
1 13.30
1 13.89
114.40
1 14.67
1 15.52
1 16.84

0.53
1.03
2.33
2.95
4.71
6.36
8.35
10.01
11.59
14.30
16.43
18.05
21.68
23.22
25.79
26.49
27.56
28.67
29.63
30.41
31.08
32.25
32.59
33.22
34.64

03/09/90
03/ 1 0/90
03/10/90
03/ 1 1/90
03/ 1 1/90
03/ 1 1/90
03/ 12/90
03/ 13/90
03/14/90
03/ 1 6/90
03/ 1 8/90
03/29/90
03/29/90
04/09/90
04/ 14/90
04/ 1 7/90
04/20/90
04/24/90
04/27/90
05/01/90
05/07/90
05/ 1 5/90
05/ 17/90
05/ 1 8/90
05/ 1 8/90
05/1 9/90
05/20/90
05/22/90
05/25/90
05/29/90
06/06/90
06/1 7/90
07/02/90
07/28/90
08/ 16/90
08/28/90
09/08/90
10/ 10/90
10/ 1 1/90
10/ 1 1/90
1 0/1 1/90
10/12/90
10/ 1 3/90
10/16/90

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Sample#

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMNNNNNNNNNNMNNNNNNNNNNN

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70

Vol
liters

22.12
22. 12
22.12
22.12
22.52
22. 12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22. 12
22.12
22.12
22.13
22.13
22.17
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.16
22.15
22.13
22.19
22.18
22.42
22.34
22.27
22.21
22.17
22.15
22.16
22.13
22.13
22.12
22. 12
22. 12
22.13
22. 12
22.28
22.54
22.64
22.63
22.26
22.20
22.16

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.04
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.95
6.02
5.99
5.98
5.96
5.95
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.98
6.05
6.08
6.07
5.97
5.96
5.95

187

NO3-N
1’1”“

1 1.59
l 1.71
14.72
34.45
1 1.58
13.94
13.66
12.21
15.50
14.63
18.67
19.69
10.79
11.49
13.57
12.72
16.34
16.24
15.52
14.96
18.62
21.75
25.58
28.62
27.82
27.95
28.46
15.97
17.30
8.72
19.71
24.05
13.53
20.55
19.64
18.85
23.97
24.52
19.07
24.46
19.47
20.08
25.28
25.41

Load
kg/ha

0.688
0.695
0.874
2.045
0.700
0.827
0.81 1
0.725
0.920
0.868
1.108
1.169
0.641
0.682
0.807
0.756
0.971
0.965
0.923
0.889
1.106
1.295
1.523
1.722
1.668
1.670
1.696
0.950
1 .028
0.519
1.171
1.428
0.803
1 .220
1.166
1.1 19
1 .423
1 .466
1.153
1.486
1.182
1.199
1.506
1.51 1

241.69
247.62
253.56
259.50
265.54
271.48
277.41
283.35
289.28
295.22
301.16
307.09
313.03
318.97
324.92
330.86
336.81
342.75
348.70
354.64
360.58
366.53
372.49
378.50
384.50
390.47
396.43
402.38
408.33
414.27
420.21
426.15
432.09
438.02
443.96
449.90
455.83
461.81
467.86
473.94
480.01
485.98
491.94
497.89

cum
load

kg/ha

35.33
36.02
36.90
38.94
39.64
40.47
41.28
42.00
42.92
43.79
44.90
46.07
46.71
47.39
48.20
48.96
49.93
50.89
51.82
52.70
53.81
55.1 1
56.63
58.35
60.02
61.69
63.38
64.33
65.36
65.88
67.05
68.48
69.28
70.50
71.67
72.79
74.21
75.68
76.83
78.32
79.50
80.70
82.20
83.72

10/20/90
10/27/90
1 1/04/90
1 1/07/90
1 1/08/90
1 1/09/90
1 1/12/90
1 1/18/90
1 1/27/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/30/90
12/01/90
12/03/90
12/06/90
12/09/90
12/31/90
01/23/91
02/01/91
03/06/91
04/03/91
04/09/91
04/16/91
04/16/91
04/18/91
04/20/91
04/21/91
04/23/91
04/25/91
04/27/91
04/29/91
05/01/91
05/04/91
05/07/91
05/20/91
07/03/91
07/25/91
08/01/91
08/27/91
09/17/91
10/10/91
10/16/91

Lys# Sample#

:88:

NNNNbJNNNNMNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNNNNNNMNNNN

NNNNN

\DOOOONOOOOMWOOOOOOQQQQQQQQQ
OVDOOQO‘thubJN—‘COOOQO‘UIAMN—

SJESQZEQQObuN—fgf

NNNNNNN
GMAwN—O

Vol
liters

22. 16
22.14
22.13
22.28
22.41
22.19
22.19
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.14
161.36
87.94
44.72
22.14
22.12
22.12
22.58
44.24
22.12
22. 12
22.12
22.14
22.12
22. 19
22.18
22.18
22.14
22.13
110.65
22.00
22.12
22.13
22.12
22.13
22.13

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.95
5.94
5.94
5.98
6.01
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
43.30
23.60
12.00
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.06
1 1.87
5.94
5.94
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
29.69
5.90
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94

188

N03 -N
PM“

25.30
14.96
24.69
29.19
18.05
23.53
23.69
24.00
24.00
22.60
22.70
22.30
22.10
23.00
23.30
23.00
22.80
22.20
20.70
11.98
9.10
14.42
14.59
9.10
14.42
1 1.03
13.80
1 1 . 12
14.76
1 1.84
13.04
7.72
9.77
6.42
16.56
1 1.59
5.57
22.51
10.50
6.50
9.59
6.19
9.47
1 1.41

Load
kg/ha

1.505
0.889
1.466
1.745
1.085
1.401
1.41 1
1.426
1.426
1.343
1.349
1.325
1.313
1.367
1.384
1.367
1.355
1.319
1.230
5.187
2.148
1.730
0.867
0.540
0.856
0.668
1.638
0.660
0.876
0.703
0.775
0.458
0.582
0.382
0.986
0.689
0.331
6.684
0.620
0.386
0.570
0.367
0.562
0.678

cum
drain

503.83
509.78
515.71
521.69
527.71
533.66
539.62
545.56
551.50
557.44
563.38
569.32
575.26
581.21
587.15
593.09
599.03
604.97
610.91
654.21
677.81

5.94
1 1.88
17.81
23.87
35.74
41.68
47.62
53.55
59.49
65.43
71.38
77.34
83.29
89.23
95.17
124.86
130.77
136.70
142.64
148.58
154.51
160.45

cum
load

kg/ha

85.22
86.11
87.58
89.32
90.41
91.81
93.22
94.64
96.07
97.41
98.76
100.09
101.40
102.77
104.15
105.52
106.87
108.19
109.42
1 14.61
1 16.75

0.87
1.41
2.26
2.93
4.57
5.23
6.1 1
6.81
7.58
8.04
8.62
9.01
9.99
10.68
11.01
17.69
18.31
18.70
19.27
19.64
20.20
20.88

1 89
Lystt Samp1e# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum
liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm) kg/ha
10125191 2 27 22.13 5.94 12.78 0.759 166.39 21.64
10/26/91 2 28 22.46 6.03 10.16 0.612 172.42 22.25
10/26/91 2 29 22.39 6.01 8.43 0.507 178.43 22.76
10127191 2 30 22.30 5.98 12.11 0.725 184.41 23.48
10127191 2 31 22.41 6.01 13.03 0.784 190.43 24.26
10128191 2 32 22.42 6.02 6.90 0.415 196.44 24.68
10/28/91 2 33 22.26 5.97 8.38 0.501 202.42 25.18
10129191 2 34 22.20 5.96 10.25 0.61 1 208.37 25.79
10131191 2 35 22.17 5.95 11.06 0.658 214.32 26.45
1 1101191 2 36 22.26 5.97 10.85 0.648 220.30 27.10
1 1102191 2 37 22.20 5.96 14.50 0.864 226.25 27.96
1 1103191 2 35 22.17 5.95 12.02 0.715 232.20 28.67
11106191 11 36 22. 16 5.95 12.00 0.714 238.15 29.39
1 1109191 11 37 22.14 5.94 12.00 0.713 244.09 30.10
1 1115191 2 38 22.13 5.94 12.85 0.763 250.03 30.86
1 1122191 2 39 22.29 5.98 10.23 0.612 256.01 31.48
1 1123191 2 40 22.21 5.96 9.26 0.552 261.97 32.03
1 1124191 2 41 22.17 5.95 9.20 0.547 267.92 32.58
1 1127191 2 42 22.15 5.94 12.02 0.714 273.86 33.29
12101191 2 43 22.13 5.94 15.22 0.904 279.80 34.19
12106191 2 44 22.13 5.94 13.70 0.814 285.74 35.01
12110191 2 - 22.17 5.95 9.80 0.583 291.69 35.59
12112191 2 45 22.18 5.95 18.36 1.093 297.64 36.68
12114191 2 46 22.15 5.94 14.75 0.877 303.59 37.56
12/16/91 2 47 22.17 5.95 12.83 0.763 309.54 38.32
12120191 2 48 22.14 5.94 8.95 0.532 315.48 38.86
12124191 2 49 22.13 5.94 7.12 0.423 321.42 39.28
01102192 2 50 22. 13 5.94 1 1.75 0.698 327.35 39.98
01110192 2 51 22.16 5.95 5.95 0.354 333.30 40.33
01114192 2 52 22.13 5.94 9.16 0.544 339.24 40.87
01119192 2 53 22.13 5.94 7.26 0.431 345.18 41.30
01125192 2 54 22.13 5.94 10.87 0.646 351.12 41.95
02102192 2 55 22.14 5.94 6.91 0.411 357.06 42.36
02110192 2 56 22.13 5.94 1 1.60 0.689 363.00 43.05
02123192 2 57 44.34 1 1.90 8.90 1.059 374.90 44.1 1
02126192 2 58 22.14 5.94 6.90 0.410 380.84 44.52
03102192 2 59 22.13 5.94 7.40 0.439 386.78 44.96
03109192 2 60 22.13 5.94 13.30 0.790 392.71 45.75
03116192 2 61 22.15 5.94 10.30 0.612 398.66 46.36
03120192 2 62 22.13 5.94 9.08 0.539 404.60 46.90
03124192 2 63 22.13 5.94 1 1.82 0.702 410.54 47.60
03130192 2 64 22.14 5.94 4.71 0.280 416.48 47.88
04102192 2 65 22.14 5.94 8.16 0.485 422.42 48.37
04107192 2 66 22.13 5.94 12.72 0.755 428.36 49.12

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

04/12/92
04/ 19/92
04/3 0/92
05/1 3/92
050692
06/ 1 0/92
06/25/92
07/ 1 1/92
07/ 1 6/92
07/ 1 7/92
07/20/92
07/22/92
07/24/92
07/24/92
07/25/92
07/27/ 92
07/3 0/92
08/0 1/92
08/03/92
08/05/92
08/08/92
08/ 1 5/92
08/25/92
09/01/92
09/08/92
09/ 1 0/92
09/1 1/92
09/ 1 1/92
09/ 1 3/92
09/ 1 5/92
09/1 6/92
09/16/92
09/ 1 7/92
09/ 1 7/92
09/ 1 8/92
09/20/92
09/23/92
09/28/92
10/06/92
10/ 1 5/92
10/ 16/92
1 0/ 16/92
10/ 1 7/92
10/ 1 8/92

Lys# Sample#

NNNNNNNNNNNMNNNMNNNNNNNNNNMNNNNMNNNNNNMNNNNN

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80

81
82.00
83.00
84.00
85.00
86.00
87.00
88.00
89.00
90.00
91.00
92.00
93.00

Vol
liters

22.13
22.13
22.13
22.13
22.13
22. 12
22. 12
22.12
22.22
22.18
22.23
22. 16
22.33
22.31
22.21
22.17
22. 18
22.24
22. 19
22. 16
22. 14
22.13
22.13
22. 16
22.13
22.36
22.31
22.24
22. 19
22.17
22.92
22.44
22.69
22.50
22.22
22. 19
22. 16
22. 14
22. 13
22.19
22.32
22.31
22.29
22.22

# Estimates were made in drainage amount

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.95
5.97
5.95
5.99
5.99
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.97
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
6.00
5.99
5.97
5.95
5.95
6.15
6.02
6.09
6.04
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5 .94
5.95
5.99
5.99
5.98
5.96

190

NO3-N
PPm

10.73
10.65
5.21
8.95
5.72
4.57
6.39
10.10
2.74
6.51
6.44
4.14
6.06
3.43

1 1.46
10.21
9.86
10.26
13.27
8.72
7.72
8.21
l 1.76
17.78
17.31
16.07
15.83

kg/ha

0.637
0.632
0.309
0.532
0.340
0.271
0.379
0.600
0.163
0.387
0.384
0.246
0.363
0.205
0.000
0.000
0.682
0.609
0.587
0.610
0.788
0.518
0.458
0.488
0.698
1.067
1.036
0.959
0.943
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

cum
(min)

434.30
440.23
446.17
452.1 1
458.05
463.99
469.92
475.86
481.82
487.77
493.74
499.69
505.68
51 1.66
517.62
523.57
529.53
535.49
541.45
547.40
553.34
559.28
565.21
571.16
577.10
583.10
589.09
595.06
601.01
606.96
613.1 1
619.13
625.22
631.26
637.22
643.18
649.12
655.06
661.00
666.96
672.95
678.93
684.92
690.88

cum
load

kg/ha

49.76
50.39
50.70
51.23
51.57
51.84
52.22
52.82
52.99
53.37
53.76
54.00
54.37
54.57
54.57
54.57
55.25
55.86
56.45
57.06
57.85
58.37
58.83
59.31
60.01
61.08
62.1 1
63.07
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02
64.02

10/20/92
10/22/92
10/27/92
1 1/03/92
1 1/03/92
1 1/04/92
1 1/06/92
1 1/09/92
1 1/13/92
1 1/13/92
1 1/14/92
1 l/14/92
1 1/16/92
1 1/18/92
1 1/21/92
1 1/25/92
1 1/27/92
1 1/30/92
12/06/92
12/15/92
12/19/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
01/01/93
01/02/93
01/03/93
01/04/93
01/05/93
01/05/93
01/05/93
01/06/93
01/07/93
01/08/93
01/10/93
01/ 1 4/93
01/21/93
01/26/93
01/28/93
01/3 1/93
02/06/93
02/16/93
03/03/93
03/26/93
04/07/93

Lys# Sample#

NNNNNNNNNNMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMNNNNNNNNNNNN

94.00
95.00
96.00
97.00
98.00
99.00
100.00
101.00
102.00
103.00
104.00
105.00

106.00
107.00
108.00
109.00

110.00
11 1.00
112.00
113.00
114.00
115.00
116.00
1 17.00
118.00
119.00

? n

? n

? 11
120.00

? 11
121.00
122.00
123.00
124.00

Vol
liters

22.19
22.16
22.14
22.32
22.44
22.22
22.21
22.16
22.31
22.40
22.32
22.24
22. 19
22.17
22.15
22. 19
22.17
22.15
22.16
22.13
22.23
22.15
22.14
22.52
22.25
22.19
22.43
22.48
22.58
22.72
22.31
22.24
22.19
22.16
22. 14
22.13
22.19
22.21
22.15
22.13
22.13
22.13
22.13
22.14

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.95
5.95
5.94
5.99
6.02
5.96
5.96
5.95
5.99
6.01
5.99
5 .97
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.97
5.94
5.94
6.04
5.97
5.95
6.02
6.03
6.06
6.10
5.99
5.97
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.96
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94

191

NO3-N
PPm

9.00
7.19
6.95
8.56
6.47
6.23
5.62
4.62
6.90
6.98
6.09
6.13

5.85
5.57
5.36
5.35

5.44
6.81
7.28
4.67
3.27
4.43
6.15
4.32
5.97
3.32

3.77

4.13
3.49
3.58
2.67

Load
kg/ha

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.539
0.433
0.414
0.510
0.385
0.373
0.338
0.277
0.412
0.416
0.362
0.364
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.348
0.331
0.320
0.318
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.324
0.410
0.439
0.283
0.199
0.265
0.367
0.257
0.355
0.197
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.224
0.000
0.245
0.207
0.213
0.159

cum
(mm)

696.83
702.78
708.72
714.71
720.73
726.70
732.66
738.60
744.59
750.60
756.59
762.56
768.51
774.46
780.41
786.36
792.31
798.25
804.20
810.14
816.1 1
822.05
827.99
834.03
840.00
845.96
85 1.98
858.01
864.07
870.17
876.15
882.12
888.08
894.02
899.97
905.90
91 1.86
917.82
923.76
929.70
935.64
941.58
947.52
953.46

cum
load

kg/ha

64.02
64.02
64.02
64.56
64.99
65.40
65.91
66.30
66.67
67.01
67.29
67.70
68.1 1
68.48
68.84
68.84
68.84
68.84
69.19
69.52
69.84
70.16
70.16
70.16
70.16
70.48
70.89
71.33
71 .61
71.81
72.08
72.44
72.70
73.06
73.25
73.25
73.25
73.25
73.48
73.48
73.72
73.93
74.14
74.30

192

Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum

liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load
(mm) kg/ha
04/12/93 2 125.00 22.13 5.94 4.45 0.264 959.40 74.57
04/18/93 2 22.18 5.95 0.000 965.35 74.57
04/21/93 2 22.41 6.01 0.000 971.36 74.57
06/02/93 2 26.07 7.00 0.000 978.36 74.57
06/08/93 2 22.38 6.01 0.000 984.36 74.57
06/09/93 2 22.44 6.02 0.000 990.39 74.57
06/09/93 2 22.90 6.15 0.000 996.53 74.57
06/10/93 2 22.70 6.09 0.000 1002.62 74.57
06/10/93 2 2.32 0.62 0.000 1003.25 74.57
06/1 1/93 2 22.34 5.99 0.000 1009.24 74.57
06/12/93 2 22.20 5.96 0.000 1015.20 74.57
06/14/93 2 126.00 22.18 5.95 4 0.216 1021.15 74.78
06/16/93 2 127.00 22.17 5.95 3 0.190 1027.10 74.97
06/20/93 2 22.17 5.95 0.000 1033.05 74.97
06/24/93 2 128.00 22.15 5.94 3 0.192 1038.99 75. 16
07/01/93 2 22.13 5.94 0.000 1044.93 75.16
07/1 1/93 2 129.00 22.13 5.94 5 0.278 1050.87 75.44
10/01/93 2 130.00 0.00 6 0.000 1050.87 75 .44
10/01/93 2 131.00 0.00 7 0.000 1050.87 75 .44
10/01/93 2 132.00 - 0.00 12 0.000 1050.87 75.44
10/04/93 2 200.00 12 3.22 1 1 0.358 1054.09 75.80
10/07/93 2 201.00 15 4.03 1 1 0.437 1058.12 76.24
10/08/93 2 202.00 6 1.61 1 1 0.175 1059.73 76.41
10/1 1/93 2 203.00 10 2.68 1 1 0.293 1062.41 76.70
10/13/93 2 204.00 8 2.01 10 0.194 1064.42 76.90
10/15/93 2 205.00 1 1 2.95 10 0.308 1067.37 77.21
10/18/93 2 206.00 39 10.47 1 1 1.182 1077.84 78.39
10/20/93 2 207.00 39 10.47 13 1.370 1088.31 79.76
10/21/93 2 208.00 12 3.22 13 0.415 1091.53 80.17
10/22/93 2 209.00 1 1 2.95 14 0.417 1094.48 80.59
10/25/93 2 210.00 37 9.93 11 1.133 1104.41 81.72
10/28/93 2 21 1.00 22 5.90 1 1 0.675 1 1 10.31 82.40
10/31/93 2 212.00 15 4.03 12 0.494 1114.34 82.89
11/04/93 2 213.00 13 3.49 13 0.455 1117.82 83.35
11/10/93 2 214.00 14 3.76 9 0.356 1121.58 83.70
12/21/93 2 215.00 13 3.49 - 10 0.344 1125.07 84.05
01/03/94 2 216.00 35 9.39 1 1 0.996 1134.46 85.04
02/23/94 2 217.00 100 26.84 1 1 3.067 1 161.30 88.11

0.00
0.00
0

07/10/89 3 22. 12 5.94 1.27 0.08 5.94 0.08
10/30/89 3 20.00 5.37 1.61 0.09 1 1.30 0.17
11/01/89 3 22.12 5.94 11.64 0.74 17.24 0.91

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

1 1/02/89
1 1/02/89
1 1/03/89
1 1/04/89
1 1/05/89
1 1/06/ 89
1 1/07/89
1 1/08/89
1 1/10/89
1 l/ 1 1/89
1 1/13/89
1 1/15/89
1 1/17/89
1 1/18/89
1 l/ 1 9/89
1 1/21/89
1 1/22/89
1 l/25/89
1 1/28/89
1 1/30/ 89
12/05/89
12/10/89
12/18/89
01/04/90
01/28/90
02/01/90
02/04/90
02/08/90
02/12/90
02/16/90
02/22/90
02/25/90
02/26/90
02/28/90
03/02/90
03/05/90
03/08/90
03/10/90
03/12/90
03/13/90
03/14/90
03/15/90
03/17/90

03/19/90.

Lys# Sample#

uwwwwwwuwuwwwwwwuwuuwwwwwwwwwuwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Vol
liters

22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.15
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.18
22.12
22.12
22.13
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.25
22.12
22.12

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5 .94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.97
5.94
5.94

193

NO3-N
PPm

14.00
10.29
12.1 1
20.36
11.63
22.41
24.32
25.85
27.84
31.79
35.07
22.31
30.73
20.07
26.63
38.30
39.72
39.54
31.15
28.12
36.30
32.56
32.56
28.82
44.41
9.19

15.87
26.17
28.30
32.83
26.20
13.99
17.12
35.69
25.08
38.53
11.99

‘ 11.71

14.72
34.45
1 1.58
13.94
28.03
22.47

Load
kg/ha

0.89
0.65
0.77
1.29
0.74
1.42
1.54
1.64
1.77
2.02
2.23
1.42
1.95
1.27
1.69
2.43
2.52
2.51
1.98
1.79
2.30
2.07
2.07
1.83
2.82
0.58
1.01
1.66
1.80
2.08
1.66
0.89
1.09
2.27
1.59
2.45
0.76
0.74
0.93
2.19
0.74
0.89
1.78
1.43

(turn)

23.17
29.1 1
35.05
40.98
46.92
52.85
58.79
64.73
70.66
76.60
82.53
88.47
94.41
100.34
106.28
1 12.21
1 18.15
124.09
130.02
135.96
141.89
147.83
153.77
159.70
165.64
171.57
177.51
183.45
189.39
195.33
201.26
207.21
213.15
219.09
225.02
230.96
236.90
242.83
248.77
254.70
260.64
266.61
272.55
278.48

cum
load

kg/hil

1.80
2.45
3.22
4.52
5.25
6.68
8.22
9.86
11.63
13.65
15.88
17.29
19.24
20.52
22.21
24.64
27.16
29.67
31.65
33.44
35.74
37.81
39.88
41.70
44.52
45.1 1
46.12
47.78
49.58
51.66
53.32
54.22
55.30
57.57
59.16
61.61
62.37
63.11
64.05
66.23
66.97
67.86
69.64
71.07

“.1...

03/21/90
03/25/90
03/30/90
04/07/90
04/12/90
04/16/90
04/20/90
04/23/90
04/26/90
04/29/90
05/03/90
05/08/90
05/ 14/90
05/ 16/90
05/ 1 7/90
05/ 1 8/90
05/19/90
05/20/90
05/21/90
05/22/90
05/23/90
05/25/90
05/28/90
05/ 3 1/90
06/05/90
06/ 1 1/90
06/20/90
07/08/90
08/05/90
08/ 17/90
08/22/90
08/27/90
09/01/90
09/08/90
10/ 10/90
10/12/90
10/ 13/90
10/ 15/90
10/ 1 7/90
1 0/24/90
1 1/02/90
1 1/06/90
1 1/07/90
1 1/08/90

Lys# Sample#

woouwwwwwwuwwuwuwwwwuwuwuwuwwwwwwuwwwwwwwuuww

Vol
liters

22.12
22.15
22.14
22.14
22.14
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.16
22.15
22.15
22.14
22.17
22.21
22.36
22.29
22.28
22.26
22.31
22.21
22.26
22.23
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.14
22.13
22. 12
22. 12
22.12
22.17
22.15
22.14
22.13
23.24
22.17
22.12
22. 12
22.12
22.12
22.13
22.28
22.25
22.21

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.96
6.00
5.98
5.98
5.97
5.99
5.96
5.97
5.97
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.24
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.98
5.97
5.96

194

NO3-N
131”“

24.61
21.85
24.99
32.15
21.31
9.34
12.58
17.94
18.54
15.57
21.91
10.65
15.00
18.85
19.86
20.31
19.90
20.01
10.90
14.17
8.59
16.55
17.91
15.25
14.59
20.07
15.60
1 1.68
12.75
1 1.21
15.26
1 1.68
16.43
18.60
24.15
30.87
37.00
45.00
52.00
59.00
60.04
55.38
55.00
55.00

Load
kg/ha

1.56
1.39
1.59
2.04
1.35
0.59
0.80
1.14
1.18
0.99
1.39
0.68
0.95
1.20
1.27
1.30
1.27
1.28
0.70
0.90
0.55
1.06
1.14
0.97
0.93
1.28
0.99
0.74
0.81
0.71
0.97
0.74
1.04
1.18
1.61
1.96
2.35
2.86
3.30
3.75
3.81
3.54
3.51
3.51

cum
drain
(M)

284.42
290.36
296.30
302.25
308.19
314.13
320.07
326.02
331.97
337.91
343.85
349.79
355.74
361.70
367.70
373.69
379.66
385.64
391.63
397.59
403.56
409.52
415.47
421.41
427.36
433.30
439.24
445.17
451.1 1
457.04
462.99
468.94
474.88
480.82
487.05
493.00
498.94
504.88
510.81
516.75
522.69
528.66
534.64
540.60

cum
load

kg/ha

72.63
74.02
75.61
77.65
79.00
79.60
80.40
81.54
82.72
83.71
85.10
85.78
86.73
87.93
89.21
90.51
91.78
93.06
93.76
94.66
95.21
96.26
97.40
98.37
99.30
100.58
101.57
102.31
103.12
103.83
104.80
105.54
106.59
107.77
109.38
1 l 1.34
113.69
116.55
119.85
123.60
127.41
130.95
134.47
137.97

1 1/10/90
1 1/13/90
1 1/20/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
12/01/90
12/04/90
01/23/91
02/01/91
03/06/91
03/08/91
04/05/91
04/16/91
04/16/91
04/17/91
04/18/91
04/20/91
04/21/91
04/23/91
04/24/91
04/28/91
04/30/91
05/03/91
05/06/91
05/13/91
05/28/91
06/05/91
06/08/91
06/14/91
06/29/91
07/03/91
09/12/91
10/05/91
10/06/91
10/07/91
10/09/91
10/ 1 1/91
10/14/91
10/21/91
10/25/91
10/26/91
10/26/91
10/26/91
10/26/91

Lys# Samp1e#

wwwwwwwwwwwwuwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwuwuwwwwuww

Vol
liters

22.17
22. 15
22.13
22.14
22.13
22. 12
22. 12
161.36
87.94
44.72
22.15
22. 14
22.55
22.85
22.25
22.23
22.18
22.22
22.28
22.17
22.18
22.21
22.21
22. 16
22.14
22.15
44.46
22. 18
22.15
22. 12
1 12.43
22.13
22.23
22.25
22.21
22.18
22.16
22. 14
22.14
22.58
23.11
23.49
22.69
22.84

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
43.30
23.60
12.00
5.94
5.94
6.05
6.13
5.97
5.97
5.95
5.96
5.98
5.95
5.95
5.96
5.96
5.95
5.94
5.94
1 1.93
5.95
5.94
5.94
30.17
5.94
5.97
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
6.06
6.20
6.30
6.09
6.13

195

NO3-N

PPm

55.00
67.28
65.80
65.80
62.30
51.10
49.40
24.40
24.40
24.40
8.20
8.46
1 1.24
13.90
9.79
12.19
12.00
12.00
14.70
6.45
22.63
14.26
23.10
1 1.54
14.60
13.29
1 1.56
10.58
14.12
14.53
1 1.38
7.06
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
37.82
30.00
23.67
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00

Load
kg/ha

3.50
4.28
4.18
4.18
3.96
3.24
3.14
1 1.30
6.16
3.13
0.52
0.54
0.73
0.91
0.63
0.78
0.76
0.77
0.94
0.41
1.44
0.91
1.47
0.73
0.93
0.84
1.48
0.67
0.90
0.92
3.67
0.45
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.95
2.41
1.91
1.50
1.30
1.33
1.35
1.30
1.31

cum
drain
(nun)

546.55
552.49
558.43
564.37
570.31
576.24
582.18
625.48
649.08
661.08
0.00
5.94
1 1.99
18.12
24.10
30.06
36.01
41.98
47.95
53.90
59.86
65.82
71.78
77.72
83.66
89.61
101.54
107.49
1 13.44
1 19.37
149.54
155.48
161.45
167.42
173.38
179.33
185.28
191.22
197.16
203.22
209.42
215.72
221.81
227.94

cum
load

kg/ha

141.47
145.75
149.93
154.1 1
158.07
161.3 1
164.45
175.75
181.91
185.04
0.00
0.54
1.27
2.18
2.80
3.58
4.34
5.1 1
6.05
6.46
7.90
8.81
10.28
1 1.02
1 1.94
12.79
14.26
14.94
15.84
16.76
20.43
20.88
21.84
22.79
23.75
24.71
27.1 1
29.02
30.52
31.82
33.14
34.49
35.80
37.1 1

196
Lys# Samp1e# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum

liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm) kg/ha
10/27/91 3 22.42 6.02 20.00 1.29 233.96 38.39
10/27/91 3 22.91 6.15 20.00 1.32 240.1 1 39.71
10/27/91 3 22.78 6.1 1 20.00 1.31 246.22 41.02
10/28/91 3 22.31 5.99 20.00 1.28 252.21 42.30
10/29/91 3 22.24 5.97 20.00 1.28 258.17 43.57
10/30/91 3 22.18 5.95 20.00 1.27 264.13 44.85
10/31/91 3 22.45 6.02 23.40 1.51 270.15 46.36
1 1/01/91 3 22.26 5.97 48.25 3.08 276.12 49.44
1 1/02/91 3 22.21 5.96 20.00 1.28 282.08 50.71
1 1/03/91 3 22.18 5.95 20.00 1.27 288.04 51.99
1 1/06/91 3 22. 18 5.95 20.00 1.27 293.99 53.26
1 1/10/91 3 22.14 5.94 20.00 1.27 299.93 54.53
1 1/21/91 3 22.21 5.96 20.00 1.28 305.89 55.81
1 1/22/91 3 22.55 6.05 20.00 1.29 311.94 57.10
1 1/23/91 3 22.23 5.97 20.00 1.28 317.91 58.38
1 1/24/91 3 22.27 5.98 20.00 1.28 323.88 59.66
1 1/27/91 3 22. 15 5.94 20.00 1.27 329.83 60.93
12/02/91 3 22.14 5.94 20.00 1.27 335.77 62.20
12/07/91 3 22.15 5.94 28.01 1.78 341.71 63.98
12/09/91 3 22.21 5.96 20.00 1.28 347.67 65.25
12/1 1/91 3 22.22 5.96 20.00 1.28 353.63 66.53
12/13/91 3 22.21 5.96 20.00 1.28 359.59 67.80
12/15/91 3 22.18 5.95 20.00 1.27 365.55 69.08
12/17/91 3 22.16 5.95 20.00 1.27 371.49 70.35
12/21/91 3 22.15 5.94 20.00 1.27 377.44 71.62
12/28/91 3 22. 14 5.94 14.97 0.95 383.38 72.57
01/06/92 3 22. 14 5.94 8.98 0.57 389.32 73.14
01/10/92 3 22.15 5.94 13.33 0.85 395.26 73.99
01/15/92 3 22. 15 5.94 10.54 0.67 401.21 74.66
01/20/92 3 22.15 5.94 14.88 0.95 407.15 75.61
01/26/92 3 22. 17 5.95 14.97 0.95 413.10 76.56
01/30/92 3 22.15 5.94 8.98 0.57 419.05 ' 77.13
02/04/92 3 22. 14 5.94 13.33 0.85 424.99 77.98
02/1 1/92 3 22. 14 5.94 10.54 0.67 430.93 78.65
02/18/92 3 22. 15 5.94 14.88 0.95 436.87 79.59
02/21/92 3 22.20 5.96 14.97 0.95 442.83 80.55
02/22/92 3 22.18 5.95 10.00 0.64 448.78 81.18
02/25/92 3 22. 16 5.95 10.00 0.64 454.73 81.82
02/28/92 3 22.15 5.94 8.98 0.57 460.67 82.39
03/05/92 3 22. 16 5.95 10.00 0.64 466.62 83.03
03/12/92 3 22. 14 5.94 8.15 0.52 472.56 83.55
03/16/92 3 22.16 5.95 4.12 0.26 478.51 83.81
03/19/92 3 22.22 5.96 6.59 0.42 484.47 84.23
03/20/92 3 22.19 5.95 10.00 0.64 490.42 84.86

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

03/23/92
03/27/92
03/30/92
04/03/92
04/07/92
04/12/92
04/2 1/92
05/04/92
05/20/92
06/12/92
06/26/92
07/ 1 5/92
07/16/92
07/1 7/92
07/19/92
07/2 1/92
07/24/92
07/24/92
07/26/92
07/28/92
08/01/92
08/03/92
08/07/92
08/ 1 5/92
08/3 1/92
09/08/92
09/ 10/92
09/10/92
09/1 1/92
09/ 1 1/92
09/ 13/92
09/ 1 5/92
09/15/92
09/16/92
09/ 16/92
09/ 16/92
09/16/92
09/1 7/92
09/17/92
09/19/92
09/22/92
09/27/92
10/06/92
10/ 1 5/92

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Samp1e#

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwuwwwuwwuwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwuwww

Vol
liters

22. 16
22. 15
22. 16
22.15
22.15
22. 14
22. 13
22.12
22.12
22. 12
22.13
22.22
22.24
22.19
22.25
22.16
22.28
22.25
22.26
22.15
22.15
22. 18
22. 18
22. 13
22.15
22.13
22.60
22.48
22.37
22.27
22.25
22.92
25.43
23.40
23.71
22.81
22.49
22.34
22.23
22.17
22.15
22.14
22. 14
22.28

Drain
mm

5.95
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.97
5.95
5.97
5.95
5.98
5.97
5.97
5.94
5.94
5.95
5 .95
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.06
6.03
6.00
5.98
5.97
6.15
6.82
6.28
6.36
6.12
6.04
5.99
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.98

197

NO3-N
PPm

10.51
3.76
10.65
10.00
10.00
9.03
10.00
10.00
0.15
10.00
4.33
5.45
2.41
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.48
12.77
9.1 1
9.29
10.00
10.00
18.67
21.84
25.42
28.13
30.13
32.44
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
38.00
38.52
36.78
46.30
32.93
37.08
37.81

Load cum
kg/ha 'drain
(mm)
0.67 496.37
0.24 502.32
0.68 508.26
0.64 514.21
0.64 520.15
0.57 526.09
0.64 532.03
0.63 537.97
0.01 543.90
0.63 549.84
0.28 555.78
0.35 561.74
0.15 567.71
0.51 573.66
0.51 579.63
0.51 585.58
0.51 591.56
0.51 597.53
0.51 603.50
0.51 609.45
0.51 615.39
0.54 621.34
0.81 627.30
0.58 633.23
0.59 639.18
0.64 645.12
0.65 651.18
1.20 657.21
1.40 663.22
1.62 669.19
1.80 675.16
1.98 681.31
2.37 688.14
2.02 694.42
2.04 700.78
1.96 706.90
1.94 712.94
2.44 718.93
2.46 724.90
2.34 730.85
2.94 736.79
2.09 742.73
2.36 ‘ 748.67
2.42 754.65

cum
load

kg/ha

85.53
85.77
86.45
87.09
87.72
88.30
88.93
89.57
89.58
90.21
90.49
90.83
90.99
91.50
92.01
92.52
93.03
93.54
94.05
94.56
95.07
95.61
96.42
97.00
97.59
98.22
98.87
100.08
101.48
103.10
104.90
106.88
109.25
1 1 1.27
1 13.31
1 15.27
1 17.21
1 19.65
122.10
124.44
127.39
129.48
131.84
134.26

 

10/16/92
10/16/92
10/17/92
10/18/92
10/19/92
10/22/92
10/29/92
1 1/03/92
1 1/04/92
1 1/05/92
1 1/08/92
1 1/13/92
1 1/13/92
1 1/13/92
1 1/14/92
1 1/15/92
1 1/17/92
1 1/21/92
1 1/25/92
1 1/28/92
12/04/92
12/16/92
12/20/92
01 /04/93
01/04/93
01/05/93
01/05/93
01/05/93
01/06/93
01/07/93
01/08/93
01/12/93
01.’20/93
01/25/93
01/28/93
02/01/93
02/09/93
03/03/93
03/20/93
03/20/93
03/21/93
03/22/93
03/22/93
06/02/93

Lys# Sample#

wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwuwwwuuwwwwwwwuwwwuwwwuwwwwuww

Vol
liters

22.38
22.31
22.30
22.25
22.29
22.15
22.15
22.28
22.25
22.21
22.17
22.55
22.46
22.50
22.31
22.32
22.19
22.17
22. 19
22.18
22.15
22.15
22. 18
134.04
22.73
23.21
22.48
22.41
22.35
22.25
22.20
22. 17
22.14
22. 18
22.18
22.20
22. 14
22. 13
22.36
22.96
22.33
26.65
22.52
23.12

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

6.01
5.99
5.98
5.97
5.98
5.94
5.94
5.98
5.97
5.96
5.95
6.05
6.03
6.04
5.99
5.99
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
35.97
6.10
6.23
6.03
6.01
6.00
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.94
5.95
5.95
5.96
5.94
5.94
6.00
6.16
5.99
7.15
6.04
6.20

198

NO3-N

PPm

32.18
28.13
34.91
29.53
29.40
18.64
20.04
23.50
20.59
27.21
20.36
26.00
27.84
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
30.44
21.62
29.20
23.35
25.03
18.25
5.80
5.81
5.81
7.62
5.71
3.58
5.87
5.78
5.34
6.52
6.15
5.48
3.67
4.67
6.47
5.65
6.97
0.52
0.93
1 . 15

Load
kg/ha

2.07
1.80
2.23
1.89
1.88
1.19
1.27
1.50
1.31
1.73
1.30
1.68
1.79
1.61
1.60
1.60
1.59
1.59
1.94
1.38
1.86
1.48
1.59
7.02
0.38
0.39
0.37
0.49
0.37
0.23
0.37
0.37
0.34
0.42
0.39
0.35
0.23
0.30
0.42
0.37
0.45
0.04
0.06
0.08

cum
drain
(min)

760.66
766.65
772.63
778.60
784.58
790.53
796.47
802.45
808.42
814.38
820.33
826.38
832.41
838.45
844.43
850.42
856.38
862.33
868.28
874.23
880.18
886.12
892.07
928.04
934.14
940.37
946.40
952.42
958.42
964.39
970.34
976.29
982.23
988.19
994.14
1000.10
1006.04
101 1.98
1017.98
1024.14
1030.13
1037.28
1043.32
1049.53

cum
load

kg/ha

136.32
138.12
140.36
142.24
144.13
145.31
146.58
148.09
149.40
151.14
152.43
154.12
155.91
157.53
159.13
160.73
162.32
163.91
165.85
167.23
169.08
170.57
172.16
179.18
179.56
179.95
180.32
180.81
181.18
181.41
181.78
182.15
182.49
182.90
183.30
183.64
183.88
184.17
184.59
184.96
185.41
185.45
185.51
185.59

199

Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum
liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load
(mm kg/ha
06/08/93 3 23.04 6.18 0.88 0.06 1055.71 185.64
06/08/93 3 23.02 6.18 2.86 0.19 1061.89 185.83
06/09/93 3 23.38 6.27 2.21 0.15 1068.16 185.98
06/09/93 3 22.69 6.09 13.59 0.89 1074.25 186.87
06/09/93 3 23.14 6.21 0.00 1080.46 186.87
06/09/93 3 22.51 6.04 0.00 1086.50 186.87
06/10/93 3 22.37 6.00 0.00 1092.51 186.87
06/10/93 3 22.28 5.98 0.00 1098.48 186.87
06/1 1/93 3 31 12 22.21 5.96 0.00 1104.44 186.87
06/13/93 3 31 13 22. 17 5.95 0.00 1 110.39 186.87
06/17/93 3 31 14 22.15 5.94 10.07 0.64 11 16.34 187.51
06/21/93 3 3115 22.15 5.94 5.63 0.36 1 122.28 187.86
06/27/93 3 31 16 22. 14 5.94 12.97 0.82 1128.22 188.69
07/01/93 3 3117 22. 12 5.94 10.63 0.67 1134.16 189.36
07/02/93 ? dat 31 18 0.00 62.14 0.00 1134.16 189.36
e
07/03/93 ?dat 31 19 0.00 49 0.00 1134.16 189.36
e
10/04/93 3 200 20 5.37 63 3.59 1 139.53 192.96
10/07/93 3 201 17 4.56 62 3.04 1 144.09 195.99
10/08/93 3 202 6 1.61 63 1.08 1 145.70 197.08
10/1 1/93 3 203 10 2.68 62 1.77 1148.38 198.84
10/13/93 3 204 13 3.49 60 2.24 1151.87 201.08
10/15/93 3 205 13 3.49 48 1.80 1155.36 202.89
10/18/93 3 206 36 9.66 46 4.80 1 165.02 207.69
10/20/93 3 207 34 9.12 47 4.59 1174.14 212.28
10/21/93 3 208 11 2.95 38 1.21 1177.10 213.49
10/22/93 3 209 1 1 2.95 40 1.27 1 180.05 214.76
10/25/93 3 210 36 9.66 41 4.26 1189.71 219.02
10/28/93 3 21 1 23 6.04 35 2.29 1 195.75 221.31
10/31/93 3 212 13 3.35 33 1.19 1199.10 222.50
1 1/04/93 3 213 15 4.03 41 1.75 1203.13 224.26
11/10/93 3 214 10 2.68 19 0.53 1205.81 224.79
12/21/93 3 215 15 4.03 31 1.32 1209.83 226.1 1
01/03/94 3 216 30 8.05 19 1.66 1217.88 227.77
02/23/94 3 217 100 26.84 5 1.33 1244.72 229.10
0
0
0
08/09/89 4 2 44.24 1 1.87 0.71 0.08 1 1.87 0.08
10/29/89 4 3 36.01 9.66 2.23 0.22 21.54 0.30
1 1/01/89 4 4 44.24 1 1.87 3.22 0.38 33.41 0.68
1 1/01/89 4 5 44.24 1 1.87 5.09 0.60 45.28 1.29
1 1/02/89 4 6 44.24 1 1.87 6.47 0.77 57.15 2.05
1 1/03/89 4 7 44.24 1 1.87 6.14 0.73 69.02 2.78

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

1 1/07/89
1 1/14/89
1 1/17/89
1 1/19/89
1 1/23/89
12/01/89
12/17/89
01/20/90
01/30/90
02/06/90
02/09/90
02/13/90
02/21/90
02/22/90
02123/90
02/23/90
02/24/90
02/26/90
02/27/90
03/02/90
03/05/90
03/09/90
03/09/90
03/10/90
03/1 1/90
03/13/90
03/15/90
03/17/90
03/20/90
03/25/90
04/03/90
04/12/90
04/15/90
04/18/90
04/21/90
04/24/90
04/27/90
05/01/90
05/08/90
05/16/90
05/17/90
05/18/90
05/18/90
05/19/90

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Samp1e#

bhbkhhbhhbhhhbééhkhbbbhﬁbbhhbhbhbﬁbﬁkﬁﬁéhhhh

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

Vol

liters ‘

44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
44.24
22.13
22.12
22.13
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.18
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.18
22.13
22.12
22. 12
22.14
22. 13
22.14
22.17
22.15
22.15
22.17
22.16
22.14
22.14
22.18
22.31
22.36
22.31
22.28

Drain NO3-N
mm ppm
1 1.87 10.42
1 1.87 8.55
1 1.87 10.44
1 1.87 12.91
1 1.87 18.22
1 1.87 16.75
1 1.87 17.37
1 1.87 17.99
1 1.87 31.74
1 1.87 30.33
5.94 26.47
5.94 27.60
5.94 25.43
5.94 18.60
5.94 21.46
5.94 20.21
5.94 23.46
5.94 16.54
5.94 16.64
5.95 12.30
5.94 24.51
5.94 15.71
5.94 11.18
5.94 12.54
5.94 13.24
5.95 1 1.17
5.94 14.02
5.94 17.56
5.94 15.76
5.94 25.58
5.94 20.47
5.94 30.30
5.95 21.56
5.94 15.54
5.94 17.01
5.95 17.58
5.95 15.60
5.94 19.03
5.94 23.33
5.95 21.29
5.99 18.93
6.00 16.04
5.99 23.78
5.98 18.98

200

Load
kg/ha

1.24
1.02
1.24
1.53
2.16
1.99
2.06
2.14
3.77
3.60
1.57
1.64
1.51
1.10
1.27
1.20
1.39
0.98
0.99
0.73
1.45
0.93
0.66
0.74
0.79
0.66
0.83
1.04
0.94
1.52
1.22
1.80
1.28
0.92
1.01
1.05
0.93
1.13
1.39
1.27
1.13
0.96
1.42
1 . 13

cum
(mm

80.89
92.77
104.64
116.51
128.38
140.25
152.13
164.00
175.87
187.74
193.68
199.62
205.56
21 1.49
217.43
223.36
229.30
235.23
241.17
247.12
253.06
258.99
264.93
270.87
276.80
282.75
288.69
294.63
300.57
306.51
312.45
318.39
324.34
330.28
336.22
342.17
348.12
354.06
360.00
365.95
371.94
377.94
383.93
389.91

cum
load

kg/ha

4.02
5.04
6.27
7.81
9.97
1 1 .96
14.02
16.16
19.93
23.53
25.10
26.74
28.25
29.35
30.62
31.82
33.22
34.20
35.19
35.92
37.37
38.31
38.97
39.71
40.50
41.16
42.00
43.04
43.98
45.49
46.71
48.51
49.79
50.72
51.73
52.77
53.70
54.83
56.22
57.49
58.62
59.58
61.01
62.14

05/20/90
05/22/90
05/25/90
05/29/90
06/05/90
06/16/90
07/02/90
07/23/90
07/27/90
07/3 1/90
08/08/90
08/15/90
08/20/90
08/24/90
08/28/90
09/03/90
09/12/90
10/06/90
10/09/90
10/10/90
10/10/90
10/10/90
10/10/90
10/1 1/90
10/1 1 I90
10/12/90
10/12/90
10/14/90
10/16/90
10/20/90
10/27/90
1 1/05/90
1 1/07/90
1 1/08/90
1 1/09/90
1 1/12/90
1 1/17/90
1 1/26/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/30/90

Lys# Sample#

##4##

bébhhhoﬁhhbbhbtﬁbhhhthtbibibohibtbobbobibihubtbibuhtbtbtbobtbib

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
54
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78

n
I

80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95

Vol
liters

22.21
22.24
22.15
22.13
22. 17
22.13
22.13
22.15
22.16
22. 17
22.13
22.15
22. 14
22.16
22.15
22. 13
22.13
22.17
22.23
22.36
22.95
22.87
23.43
22.54
22.41
22.31
22.24
22.23
22.17
22.14
22.13
22.14
22.26
22.22
22.19
22.16
22.14
22. 13
22.69
23.48
22.59
22.48
22.54
22.29

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.96
5.97
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.97
6.00
6.16
6.14
6.29
6.05
6.01
5.99
5.97
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
6.09
6.30
6.06
6.03
6.05
5.98

201

NO3-N
PPm

16.03
14.00
20.01
10.09
14.12
25.38
26.61
27.86
23.12
24.30
26.55
25.17
23.33
14.92
28.08
23.68
25.97
26.08
19.18
22.89
23.32
25.02
21.90
12.43
13.25
1 1.93
13.49
17.81
19.22
15.30
17.65
13.83
17.87
20.68
20.00
20.68
21.70
17.80
19.60
19.70
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00

Load
kg/ha

0.96
0.84
1.19
0.60
0.84
1.51
1.58
1.66
1.37
1.45
1.58
1.50
1.39
0.89
1.67
1.41
1.54
1.55
1.14
1.37
1.44
1.54
1.38
0.75
0.80
0.71
0.81
1.06
1.14
0.91
1.05
0.82
1.07
1.23
1.19
1.23
1.29
1.06
1.19
1.24
1.21
1.21
1.21
1.20

cum
drain
(mm)

395.87
401.84
407.78
413.72
419.67
425.61
431.55
437.49
443.44
449.39
455.32
461.27
467.21
473.16
479.10
485.04
490.98
496.93
502.89
508.89
515.05
521.19
527.48
533.52
539.54
545.53
551.49
557.46
563.41
569.35
575.29
581.23
587.20
593.17
599.12
605.07
61 1.01
616.95
623.04
629.34
635.40
641.43
647.48
653.46

cum
load

kg/ha

63.10
63.93
65.12
65.72
66.56
68.07

' 69.65

71.30
72.68
74.12
75.70
77.20
78.58
79.47
81.14
82.55
84.09
85.64
86.78
88.16
89.59
91.13
92.51
93.26
94.05
94.77
95.57
96.64
97.78
98.69
99.74
100.56
101.63
102.86
104.05
105.28
106.57
107.63
108.82
110.06
1 1 1.27
112.48
113.69
114.89

1 1/30/90
12/02/90
12/04/90
12/06/90
01/23/91

02/01/91
03/06/91
04/06/91
04/16/91
04/17/91
04/19/91
04/22/91
04/25/91
04/27/91
04/30/91
05/02/91
05/05/91
05/12/91
05/20/91
05/28/91
06/04/91
06/06/91
06/10/91
06/15/91
06/24/91
07/03/91
07/17/91
07/29/91
08/20/91
08/25/91
09/02/91
09/19/91
10/08/91
10/10/91
10/14/91
10/21/91
10/26/91
10/26/91

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Sample#

bibnhtbubibbkbbhbnﬁuﬁbhbhnﬁbﬁﬁbhbbhbbﬁ

.h

Vol
liters

22.29
22.17
22.21
22.16
161.36

87.94
44.72
44.36
22.23
22.33
22.19
22.22
22.15
22.12
22.17
22.18
22.16
11.07
11.07
22.13
22.17
22.23
22.15
22.14
22.14
44.53
88.61
22.13
22.17
22.14
22.13
22.12
22.17
22.16
22.18
22.14
22.54
22.50

Drain
mm

5.98
5.95
5.96
5.95
43.30

23 .60
12.00
1 1.90
5.97
5.99
5.95
5.96
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.95
5.95
2.97
2.97
5.94
5.95
5.97
5.94
5.94
5.94
l 1.95
23.78
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.94
6.05
6.04

202

NO3-N

PPm

20.00
20.00
19.00
20.00
20.00

7.90
7.90
6.94
7.73
5.37
6.03
3.79
4.16
8.23
8.18
5.74
6.87
8.42
3.36
5.47
7.86
4.03
1.14
6.75
7.80
5.1 1
6.10
5.50
8.20
12.10
6.30
9.98
2.57
1 1.36
9.64
12.08
10.00
10.00

Load cum
kg/ha drain
(nun)
1.20 659.44
1.19 665.39
1 . 13 671.35
1.19 677.30
8.66 720.60
1.86 744.20
0.95 0.00
0.83 1 1.90
0.46 17.87
0.32 23.86
0.36 29.82
0.23 35.78
0.25 41.72
0.49 47.66
0.49 53.61
0.34 59.56
0.41 65.51
0.25 68.48
0.10 71.45
0.32 77.39
0.47 83.34
0.24 89.30
0.07 95.25
0.40 101 .19
0.46 107.13
0.61 1 19.08
1.45 142.86
0.33 148.80
0.49 154.75
0.72 160.69
0.37 166.63
0.59 172.56
0.15 178.51
0.68 184.46
0.57 190.41
0.72 196.35
0.60 202.40
0.60 208.44

cum
load

kg/ha

116.08
1 17.27
1 18.40
1 19.59
128.25

130.12
0.00
0.83
1.29
1.61
1.97
2.19
2.44
2.93
3.42
3.76
4.17
4.42
4.52
4.84
5.31
5.55
5.62
6.02
6.48
7.09
8.54
8.87
9.36
10.08
10.45
11.04
11.20
1 1.87
12.45
13.16
13.77
14.37

10/26/91
10/27/91
10/27/91
10/28/91
10/28/91
10/29/91
10/31/91
1 1/01/91
1 1/02/91
1 1/03/91
1 1/05/91
1 1/09/91
1 1/14/91
1 1/22/91
1 1/23/91
1 1/24/91
1 1/26/91
12/01/91
12/06/91
12/10/91
12/ 1 1/91
12/13/91
12/16/91
12/19/91
12/25/91
01/05/92
01/1 1/92
01/16/92
01/22/92
01/30/92
02/05/92
02/15/92
02/20/92
02/22/92
02/25/92
02/29/92
03/06/92
03/15/92
03/19/92
03/24/92
03/30/92
04/05/92
04/10/92
04/17/92

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Sample#

#bbbbbbbbhubbbhﬁbbbhﬁhbhéﬁﬁhbhhhbhbhhébhbbhnﬁh

4t1t4t3tt=tt3t4t=1t3t

GM WN—OQOOQONUIbbJN—OOOOQO‘M WN—‘COOOQO‘UI-hWN

Vol
liters

22.41
22.31
22.40
22.36
22.28
22.22
22.23
22.50
22.22
22.18
22.17
22.15
22.13
22.36
22.22
22.26
22.17
22.14
22.15
22.21
22.18
22.17
22.26
22.16
22.14
22. 13
22.14
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.15
22.14
22.19
22.23
22.16
22.14
22.14
22.16
22.14
22.15
22.16
22.13
22.15
22.13

Drain
mm

6.01
5.99
6.01
6.00
5.98
5.96
5.97
6.04
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
6.00
5.96
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94

203

NO3-N
PP“l

10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
8.54
13.66
7.98
7.86
1 1.41
1 1 . 10
13.13
6.65
7.59
9.97
5.43
9.19
7.24
8.66
6.23
8.76
6.56
10.42
4.48
5.94
5.19
6.20
6.60
8.30
3.70
22.00
9.60
8.59
7.81
5.67
8.24
8.89
8.14
6.88
3.64

Load cum
kg/ha drain
(min)
0.60 214.45
0.60 220.44
0.60 226.45
0.60 232.45
0.60 238.43
0.60 244.39
0.60 250.36
0.60 256.39
0.60 262.36
0.51 268.31
0.81 274.26
0.47 280.20
0.47 286.14
0.68 292.14
0.66 298.10
0.78 304.08
0.40 310.03
0.45 315.97
0.59 321.91
0.32 327.87
0.55 333.82
0.43 339.77
0.52 345.75
0.37 351.69
0.52 357.64
0.39 363.57
0.62 369.52
0.27 375.46
0.35 381.40
0.31 387.35
0.37 393.29
0.39 399.23
0.49 405.19
0.22 411.15
1.31 417.10
0.57 423.04
0.51 428.98
0.46 434.93
0.34 440.87
0.49 446.81
0.53 452.76
0.48 458.70
0.41 464.64
0.22 470.58

cum
load

kg/ha

14.97
15.57
16. 17
16.77
17.37
17.97
18.56
19.17
19.76
20.27
21.08
21.56
22.03
22.71
23.37
24.16
24.55
25.00
25.60
25.92
26.47
26.90
27.41
27.78
28.31
28.69
29.31
29.58
29.93
30.24
30.61
31.00
31.50
31.72
33.03
33.60
34.1 1
34.57
34.91
35.40
35.93
36.41
36.82
37.03

04/27/92
05/09/92
05/22/92
06/04/92
06/21/92
07/07/92
07/ 1 6/92
07/1 7/92
07/ 1 8/92
07/20/92
07/23/92
07/24/92
07/24/92
07/25/92
07/27/92
07/30/92
08/02/92
08/03/92
08/06/92
08/ 10/92
08/ 1 8/92
08/30/92
09/03/92
09/09/92
09/10/92
09/1 1/92
09/ 1 1/92
09/ 1 2/ 92
09/ 13/92
09/1 5/92
09/1 5/92
09/ 16/92
09/ 16/92
09/ 16/92
09/ 16/92
09/ 1 7/92
09/17/92
09/ 1 8/92
09.’20/92
09/23/92
09/28/92
10/04/92
1 0/12/92
10/15/92

Lys# Sample#

Ibnbubihibnbihnbbnbbubhnhnhbthnhuhibibtbnhibtbtbhbbhhhbﬁﬁbbbbhbéﬁﬁ

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
8 l
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100

101
102
103
104
105
106

Vol
liters

22.13
22.13
22.13
22. 13
22.12
22.13
22.22
22.36
22.18
22.17
22.19
22.44
22.26
22.21
22.17
22.15
22.21
22.22
22.17
22. 15
22.14
22.15
22.14
22. 14
22.45
22.64
22.57
22.22
22.18
23.67
23.66
23.15
22.86
22.64
22.48
22.36
22.26
22.20
22.19
22. 16
22.14
22.16
22.13
22.53

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
6.00
5.95
5.95
5.95
6.02
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.94
5.96
5.96
5.95
5 .94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.02
6.08
6.06
5.96
5.95
6.35
6.35
6.21
6.13
6.08
6.03
6.00
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.95
5.94
6.05

204

NO3-N
PPm

7.41
10.85
1.26
5.30
10.16
7.66
3.87
1.72
1.37
1.24
5.36
3.88
3.04
2.84
3.25
7.18
6.11
6.52
6.52
5.50
6.46
8.66
6.90
1 1.03
1 1.23
1 1.50
1 1.60
1 1.53
1 1.55
1 1.16
10.91
9.83
9.24
8.65
8.00
8.00
8.00
8.00
6.72
4.65
6.09
5.35
5.26
6.13

Load
kg/ha

0.44
0.64
0.07
0.31
0.60
0.45
0.23
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.32
0.23
0.18
0.17
0.19
0.43
0.36
0.39
0.39
0.33
0.38
0.51
0.41
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.71
0.69
0.61
0.57
0.53
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.40
0.28
0.36
0.32
0.31
0.37

cum
(mm)

476.52
482.46
488.40
494.34
500.27
506.21
512.17
518.17
524.13
530.08

536.03 .

542.05
548.03
553.99
559.94
565.88
571.84
577.80
583.75
589.70
595.64
601.58
607.52
613.46
619.49
625.56
631.62
637.58
643.54
649.89
656.24
662.45
668.58
674.66
680.69
686.69
692.67
698.62
704.58
710.52
716.47
722.41
728.35
734.40

cum
load

kg/ha

37.47
38.12
38.19
38.51
39.1 1
39.57
39.80
39.90
39.98
40.06
40.38
40.61
40.79
40.96
41.15
41.58
41.94
42.33
42.72
43.05
43.43
43.95
44.36
45.01
45.69
46.39
47.09
47.78
48.46
49.17
49.87
50.48
51.04
51.57
52.05
52.53
53.01
53.49
53.89
54.16
54.52
54.84
55.15
55.53

205
Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum

liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm) kg/ha
10/16/92 4 107 22.36 6.00 4.03 0.24 740.40 55.77
10/16/92 4 108 22.30 5.98 5.56 0.33 746.38 56.10
10/17/92 4 109 22.29 5.98 4.12 0.25 752.36 56.35
10/18/92 4 1 10 22.25 5.97 3.00 0.18 758.33 56.53
10/19/92 4 11 1 22.31 5.99 3.53 0.21 764.32 56.74
10/21/92 4 1 12 22. 16 5.95 3.92 0.23 770.27 56.97
10/25/92 4 1 13 22.14 5.94 4.45 0.26 776.21 57.23
11/01/92 4 114 22.13 5.94 3.46 0.21 782.15 57.44
1 1/03/92 4 115 22.26 5.97 3.55 0.21 788.12 57.65
1 1/04/92 4 1 16 22.22 5.96 2.49 0.15 794.08 57.80
1 1/06/92 4 117 22.17 ' 5.95 3.30 0.20 800.03 58.00
1 1/08/92 4 1 18 22.16 5.95 6.47 0.38 805.98 58.38
11/12/92 4 119 22.17 5.95 2.45 0.15 811.93 58.53
1 1/13/92 4 120 22.27 5.98 3.72 0.22 817.91 58.75
1 1/14/92 4 121 22.32 5.99 4.07 0.24 823.90 58.99
1 1/15/92 4 122 22.20 5.96 5.60 0.33 829.85 59.33
1 1/17/92 4 123 22.17 5.95 3.42 0.20 835.80 59.53
11/20/92 4 124 22.15 5.94 3.58 0.21 841.75 59.74
1 1/25/92 4 125 22. 16 5 .95 4.07 0.24 847.69 59.99
1 1/27/92 4 126 22.16 5.95 4.99 0.30 853.64 60.28
12/01/92 4 127 22. 15 5.94 3.23 0.19 859.58 60.47
12/07/92 4 128 22.13 5.94 3.02 0.18 865.52 60.65
12/17/92 4 129 22. 13 5.94 4.38 0.26 871.46 60.91
12/21/92 4 130 22.15 5.94 4.15 0.25 877.40 61.16
12/26/92 4 131 22.14 5.94 3.00 0.18 883.35 61.34
01/01/93 4 132 22.28 5.98 3.32 0.20 889.33 61.54
01/02/93 4 133 22.23 5.97 3.02 0.18 895.29 61.72
01/03/93 4 134 22.19 5.95 2.28 0.14 901.25 61.85
01/04/93 4 135 22.41 6.01 2.48 0.15 907.26 62.00
01/05/93 4 136 22.53 6.05 2.03 0.12 913.31 62.12
01/05/93 4 137 22.36 6.00 2.14 0.13 919.31 62.25
01 /O6/93 4 138 22.31 5.99 1.94 0.12 925.29 62.37
01/06/93 4 139 22.25 5.97 1.79 0.1 1 931.26 62.48
01/08/93 4 140 22.20 5 .96 1.31 0.08 937.22 62.55
01/10/93 4 141 22.17 5.95 1.63 0.10 943.17 62.65
01/13/93 4 142 22.15 5.94 1.18 0.07 949.11 62.72
01/19/93 4 143 22. 13 5.94 1.82 0.11 955.05 62.83
01/24/93 4 144 22.24 5.97 1.21 0.07 961.02 62.90
01/26/93 4 145 22.19 5.95 1.43 0.09 966.98 62.99
01/28/93 4 146 22.16 5.95 2.45 0.15 972.92 63.13
02/01/93 4 147 22. 13 5.94 2.52 0.15 978.86 63.28
02/07/93 4 148 22. 14 5.94 3.26 0.19 984.80 63.48
02/17/93 4 149 22.12 5.94 3.01 0.18 990.74 63.65
03/06/93 4 22.12 5.94 0.00 996.67 63.65

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

206
Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum

liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm) kg/ha
03/25/93 4 22.14 5.94 0.00 1002.62 63 .65
03/27/93 4 22.22 5.96 0.00 1008.58 63.65
03/29/93 4 150 22.17 5.95 2.18 0.13 1014.53 63.78
04/01/93 4 151 22. 16 5.95 0.92 0.05 1020.47 63.84
04/04/93 4 152 22.23 5.97 3.83 0.23 1026.44 64.07
04/06/93 4 153 22. 16 5.95 2.18 O. 13 1032.39 64.20
04/10/93 4 154 22. 14 5.94 0.92 0.05 1038.33 64.25
04/16/93 4 155 22.13 5.94 0.00 1044.27 64.25
04/21/93 4 156 22.17 5.95 0.00 1050.22 64.25
06/02/93 4 157 24.75 6.64 0.00 1056.86 64.25
06/08/93 4 4155 22.53 6.05 1.85 0.11 1062.90 64.36
06/09/93 4 4156 22.51 6.04 4.03 0.24 1068.94 64.61
06/09/93 4 4157 22.49 6.04 3.77 0.23 1074.98 64.83
06/09/93 4 4158 22.85 6.13 3.27 0.20 1081.11 65.03
06/10/93 4 4159 22.33 5.99 4.31 0.26 1087.10 65.29
06/10/93 4 4160 22.45 6.02 1.07 0.06 1093.13 65.36
06/1 1/93 4 4161 22.21 5.96 3.89 0.23 1099.09 65.59
06/13/93 4 4162 22.26 5.97 6.53 0.39 1 105.06 65.98
06/15/93 4 4163 22.17 5.95 4.97 0.30 1 l 11.01 66.28
06/18/93 4 4164 22. 16 5.95 6.12 0.36 1116.96 66.64
06/22/93 4 4165 22.14 5.94 9.53 0.57 1122.90 67.21
06/23/93 4 22.17 5.95 8.98 0.53 1 128.85 67.74
07/04/93 4 22. 13 5.94 0.00 1 134.79 67.74
07/15/93 4 22.13 5.94 0.00 1 140.73 67.74
10/04/93 4 200 15 4.03 8.48 0.34 1 144.75 68.08
10/07/93 4 201 18 4.70 6.69 0.31 1 149.45 68.40
10/08/93 4 202 7 1.88 8.51 0.16 1151.33 68.56
10/11/93 4 203 11 2.82 8.17 0.23 1154.14 68.79
10/13/93 4 204 9 2.42 8.14 0.20 1 156.56 68.98
10/15/93 4 205 10 2.68 8.06 0.22 1 159.24 69.20
10/18/93 4 206 38 10.20 7.29 0.74 1 169.44 69.94
10/20/93 4 207 40 10.73 6.80 0.73 1 180.17 70.67
10/21/93 4 208 14 3.62 5.61 0.20 1 183.80 70.87
10/22/93 4 209 12 3.22 5.79 0.19 1 187.02 71.06
10/25/93 4 210 36 9.66 4.91 0.47 1196.68 71.54
10/28/93 4 211 24 6.44 4.52 0.29 1203.12 71.83
10/31/93 4 212 16 4.29 4.46 0.19 1207.41 72.02
11/04/93 4 213 14 3.76 5.07 0.19 1211.17 72.21
11/10/93 4 214 15 4.03 2.48 0.10 1215.19 72.31
12/21/93 4 215 14 . 3.76 3.80 0.14 1218.95 72.45
01/03/94 4 216 37 9.93 3.84 0.38 1228.88 72.83
02/23/94 4 217 100 26.84 3 .35 0.90 1255.71 73.73

0.00
0.00

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

207
Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NOB-N Load cum cum
liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load'

(In!!!) 1‘8"“
0.00

07/02/89 5 2 22. 12 5.94 13.02 0.773 5.94 0.77
07/21/89 5 3 22. 12 5.94 7.80 0.463 1 1.87 1.24
08/20/89 5 4 22. 12 5.94 12.36 0.734 17.81 1.97
10/30/89 5 5 18.00 4.83 14.73 0.712 22.64 2.68
10/31/89 5 6 22.13 5.94 8.87 0.527 28.58 3.21
11/01/89 5 7 22.13 5.94 6.02 0.358 34.52 3.57
1 1/01/89 5 8 22.13 5.94 21.03 1.249 40.45 4.81
11/01/89 5 9 22.13 5.94 22.49 1.336 46.39 6.15
11/01/89 5 10# 22.13 5.94 22.98 1.365 52.33 7.51
11/01/89 S 11# 22.12 5.94 22.98 1.364 58.27 8.88
1 1/02/89 5 12# 22. 12 5.94 22.98 1.364 64.20 10.24
1 1/03/89 5 13# 22.12 5.94 22.98 1.364 70.14 11.61
1 1/04/89 5 14 22. 12 5.94 23.46 1.393 76.08 13.00
1 1/05/89 5 15 22. 12 5.94 27.67 1.642 82.01 14.64
1 1/07/89 5 16 22. 12 5.94 28.72 1.705 87.95 16.35
1 1/10/89 5 17 22. 12 5.94 29.45 1.748 93 .88 18.09
1 1/14/89 5 18 22. 12 5.94 19.21 1.140 99.82 19.24
1 1/17/89 5 19 22.12 5.94 24.13 1.432 105.75 20.67
11/18/89 5 20 22.12 5.94 18.56 1.102 111.69 21.77
1 1/19/89 5 21 22. 12 5.94 7.49 0.445 117.63 22.21
11/20/89 5 22 22.12 5.94 15.12 0.898 123.56 23.11
1 1/21/89 5 23 22. 12 5.94 20.72 1.230 129.50 24.34
1 1/24/89 5 24 22. 12 5.94 31.25 1.855 135.43 26.20
11/27/89 5 25 22. 12 5.94 32.23 1.913 141.37 28.11
12/01/89 5 26 22. 12 5.94 24.29 1.442 147.31 29.55
12/07/89 5 27 22. 12 5.94 35.13 2.085 153.24 31.64
12/17/89 5 28 22.12 5.94 21.08 1.251 159.18 32.89
01/04/90 S 29 22. 12 5.94 23.66 1.404 165.1 1 34.29
01/26/90 5 #44 22. 12 5.94 15.47 0.918 171.05 35.21
01/29/90 S ' 45 22. 12 5.94 16.56 0.983 176.99 36.19
02/01/90 5 46 22. 12 5.94 19.83 1.177 182.92 37.37
02/04/90 5 47 22. 12 5.94 24.52 1.455 188.86 38.83
02/08/90 5 48 22. 12 5.94 21.57 1.280 194.79 40.1 1
02/ 1 1/90 5 49 22. 16 5.95 21.06 1.252 200.74 41.36
02/16/90 5 50 22. 12 5 .94 15.21 0.903 206.68 42.26
02/22/90 5 51 22. 12 5.94 18.88 1.121 212.61 43.38
02/23/90 5 52 22. 12 5.94 18.23 1.082 218.55 44.46
02/24/90 5 53 22. 12 5.94 12.02 0.714 224.48 45.18
02/25/90 5 54 22. 12 5.94 23.18 1.376 230.42 46.55
02/26/90 5 55 22.13 5.94 21.19 1.258 236.36 47.81
02/28/90 5 56 22. 12 5.94 31.81 1.888 242.30 49.70
03/02/90 5 57 22. 12 5.94 31.74 1.884 248.23 51.58
03/04/90 5 58 22. 12 5.94 47.67 2.830 254.17 54.41

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

03/09/90
03/10/90
03/1 1/90
03/1 1/90
03/12/90
03/13/90
03/13/90
03/14/90
03/16/90
03/17/90
03/20/90
03/24/90
03/30/90
04/09/90
04/15/90
04/18/90
04/20/90
04/24/90
04/27/90
05/01/90
05/06/90
05/13/90
05/17/90
05/ 1 8/90
05/18/90
05/19/90
05/19/90
05/20/90
05/22/90
05/24/90
05/27/90
06/01/90
06/09/90
06/21/90
07/09/90
08/04/90
08/20/90
08/27/90
09/01/90
09/10/90
10/04/90
10/04/90
10/ 10/90
10/1 1/90

Lys# Sample#

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

59
60
61
62
63
54
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
34
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95#
96#
97#
98#
99#
100#
101#
102#

Vol
liters

22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22.12
22. 12
22.26
22.13
22.19
22.17
22.16
22.14
22.16
22.20
22.22
22.17
22.15
22.16
22.15
22.14
22.13
22.18
22.45
22.84
22.34
22.28
22.22
22.19
22.17
22.15
22.14
22.13
22.12
22. 12
22.12
22.13
22.14
22.14
22.13
29.37
22.13
22.50
22.40

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain NO3-N
mm ppm
5.94 19.10
5.94 19.96
5.94 10.30
5.94 15.04
5.94 9.52
5.94 19.83
5.94 18.75
5.97 12.07
5.94 27.43
5.95 29.05
5.95 30.55
5.95 32.34
5.94 33.07
5.95 18.52
5.96 25.93
5.96 14. 17
5.95 20.86
5.94 24.92
5.95 32.05
5.94 25.92
5.94 26.34
5.94 18.16
5.95 17.94
6.02 25.96
6.13 23.54
5.99 29.48
5.98 8.73
5.96 15.79
5.95 10.79
5.95 12.40
5.94 5.76
5.94 13.56
5.94 24.93
5.94 16.78
5.94 29.40
5.94 31.44
5.94 22.50
5.94 22.50
5.94 22.50
5.94 22.50
7.88 22.50
5.94 22.50
6.04 22.50
6.01 22.50

208

kg/ha

1.134
1.185
0.611
0.893
0.565
1.177
1.1 13
0.721
1.629
1.730
1.818
1.923
1.965
1.101
1.545
0.845
1.241
1.481
1.906
1.541
1.565
1.078
1.068
1.564
1.443
1.767
0.522
0.942
0.643
0.738
0.342
0.806
1.481
0.996
1.745
1.866
1.336
1.337
1.337
1.336
1.773
1.336
1.359
1.352

cum
drain
(M)

260.10
266.04
271.98
277.91
283.85
289.78
295.72
301.69
307.63
313.59
319.54
325.48
331.42
337.37
343.33
349.29
355.24
361.18
367.13
373.07
379.02
384.95
390.91
396.93
403.06
409.05
415.03
421.00
426.95
432.90
438.84
444.79
450.72
456.66
462.60
468.53
474.47
480.41
486.35
492.29
500.17
506.1 1
512.15
518.16

cum
load

kg/ha

55.55
56.73
57.34
58.24
58.80
59.98
61.09
61.81
63.44
65.17
66.99
68.91
70.88
71.98
73.52
74.37
75.61
77.09
79.00
80.54
82.10
83.18
84.25
85.81
87.26
89.02
89.54
90.49
91.13
91.87
92.21
93.01
94.50
95.49
97.24
99.10
100.44
101.78
103.1 1
104.45
106.22
107.56
108.92
1 10.27

10/1 1/90
10/12/90
10/14/90
10/19/90
10/27/90
1 1/03/90
1 1/07/90
1 1/09/90
1 1/10/90
1 1/13/90
1 1/17/90
1 1/23/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/28/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/29/90
1 1/30/90
12/01/90
12/03/90
01/23/91

02/01/91

03/06/91
04/01/91
04/09/91
04/16/91
04/28/91
04/30/91
05/03/91
05/05/91
05/12/91
05/13/91
05/18/91
05/29/91
06/08/91
06/15/91
06/25/91
07/02/91

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Sample#

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

#dra
in
gues

from
rain
data

mmmmmmmmmmmmmm

U"

103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125

126

15
16
17
18
19

Vol
liters

22.28
22.22
22. 16
22. 14
22. 14
22. 14
22.21
22.21
22.23
22. 16
22. 14
22.14
22.40
22.65
23.62
22.60
22.49
22.39
22.31
22.26
22.22
22. 19
160.24

87.94

44.72
22.13
22. 14
22.30
157.05
22.18
22.17
22.16
7.38
7.38
7.38
22.13
22.14
22.13
22.13
22.26

Drain
mm

5.98
5.96
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.96
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
6.01
6.08
6.34
6.06
6.04
6.01
5.99
5.97
5.96
5.95
43.00

23.60

12.00
5.94

5.94

5.98

42.14
5.95

5.95

5.95
1.98
1.98
1.98
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.97

209

NO3-N

PPm

35.09
29.91
52.81
59.54
61.66
43.10
69.31
30.00
30.00
69.31
82.20
78.90
78.90
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
85.60
78.60

78.90

78.90
44.10
15.00
15.00
21. 10
15.70
22.80
23.61
21.10
33.90
11.19
8.88
12.20
10.51
3.90
24.66

Load
kg/ha

2.098
1.783
3.140
3.537
3.663
2.561
4.131
1.788
1.790
4.122
4.884
4.688
4.743
1.823
1.902
1.819
1.811
1.803
1.796
1.792
1.789
5.097
33.798

18.620

9.468
2.619
0.891
0.898
8.893
0.934
1.356
1.404
0.418
0.671
0.222
0.527
0.725
0.624
0.232
1.473

cum
(mm)

524.14
530.10
536.05
541.99
547.93
553.87
559.83
565.79
571.76
577.71
583.65
589.59
595.60
601.68
608.02
614.08
620.12
626.13
632.1 1
638.09
644.05
650.00
693.00

716.60

0.00
5.94

1 1.88
17.86
60.01
65.96
71.91
77.86
79.84
81.82
83.80
89.74
95.68
101.62
107.56
113.53

cum
load

kg/‘ha

1 12.37
114.15
1 17.29
120.83
124.49
127.05
131.18
132.97
134.76
138.88
143.77
148.45
153.20
155.02
156.92
158.74
160.55
162.35
164.15
165.94
167.73
172.83
206.63

225.25

0.00
2.62
3.51
4.41
13.30
14.23
15.59
17.00
17.41
18.08
18.31
18.83
19.56
20.18
20.41
21.89

07/03/91
07/05/91
07/07/91
09/12/91
09/26/91
10/13/91
10/20/91
10/26/91
10/26/91
10/27/91
10/27/91
10/28/91
10/29/91
10/30/91
10/3 1/91
1 1/01/91
1 1/03/91
1 1/05/91
1 1/08/91
1 1/ 1 1/91
1 1/ 1 8/91
1 1/23/91
1 1/25/91
1 1/27/91
1 1/30/91
01/07/92
01/13/92
01/17/92
01/2 1/92
01/27/92
01/3 1/92
02/04/92
02/ 1 1/92
02/18/92
02/24/92
02/28/92
03/04/92
03/10/92
03/17/92
03/20/92
03/21/92
03/24/92
03/27/92
03/31/92

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Sample#

01010101mmmmmmmmmmmmmmtnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

36
37

38
39
4o
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61

Vol
liters

22.22
22.22
22.16
66.39
22.12
22.14
22.13
22.47
22.37
22.33
22.39
22.67
22.28
22.24
22.20
44.49
22.20
22.24
22.16
22.15
22.14
22.20
22.18
22.17
22.14
22.26
22.15
22.16
22.14
22.15
22.16
22. 14
22.14
22.14
22.15
22.20
22.14
22.14
22.16
22.19
22.25
22.17
22.15
22.16

210
Drain
mm

5.96
5.96
5.95
17.82
5.94
5.94
5.94
6.03
6.00
5.99
6.01
6.08
5.98
5.97
5.96
1 1.94
5.96
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.97
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.94
5.94
5.95
5 .95
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.95

NO3-N

131”“

7.35
14.60
4.23
19.32
20.41
12.55
13.13
12.81
12.12
6.51
11.60
1 1.32
19.59
12.50
18.46
15.00
14.60
22.36
15.78
19.80
29.79
28.29
20.08
17.36
14.60
1 1.23
15.47
1 1.81
14.08
1 1.55
6.39
10.10
6.60
1 1.40
10.00
15.50
16.30
13.03
12.60
7.32
1 1.97
4.37
11.37
10.96

Load
mm:

0.438
0.871
0.252
3.442
1.212
0.746
0.780
0.772
0.728
0.390
0.697
0.689
1.171
0.746
1.100
1.791
0.870
1.334
0.938
1.177
1.770
1.685
1.195
1.033
0.867
0.671
0.920
0.702
0.837
0.687
0.380
0.600
0.392
0.677
0.594
0.923
0.968
0.774
0.749
0.436
0.715
0.260
0.676
0.652

cum
drain
(nun)

1 19.49
125.45
131.40
149.22
155.15
161.09
167.03
173.06
179.07
185.06
191.07
197.15
203.13
209.10
215.05
226.99
232.95
238.92
244.87
250.81
256.75
262.71
268.66
274.61
280.55
286.53
292.47
298.42
304.36
310.30
316.25
322.19
328.13
334.07
340.02
345.97
351.91
357.86
363.80
369.76
375.73
381.68
387.62
393.57

cum
load

kg/ha

22.33
23.20
23.45
26.89
28. 10
28.85
29.63
30.40
31.13
31.52
32.21
32.90
34.07
34.82
35.92
37.71
38.58
39.91
40.85
42.03
43.80
45.48
46.68
47.71
48.58
49.25
50.17
50.87
51.71
52.40
52.78
53.38
53.77
54.45
55.04
55.96
56.93
57.71
58.46
58.89
59.61
59.87
60.54
61.19

211

Lys# Sample# Vol Drain NO3-N Load cum cum
liters mm ppm kg/ha drain load

(mm) kg/ha
04/03/92 S 62 22. 16 5.95 9.46 0.563 399.51 61.76
04/07/92 5 63 22.15 5.94 10.49 0.624 405.46 62.38
04/13/92 5 64 22. 14 5.94 10.75 0.639 41 1.40 63.02
04/19/92 5 65 22. 14 5.94 8.12 0.482 417.34 63.50
04/29/92 5 66 22. 13 5.94 1 1.55 0.686 423.28 64.19
05/12/92 5 67 22.12 5.94 1 1.50 0.683 429.22 64.87
05/28/92 S 68 22.13 5.94 9.14 0.543 435.15 65.41
06/16/92 5 69 22.13 5.94 4.23 0.251 441.09 65 .66
07/09/92 5 70 22. 13 5.94 5.27 0.313 447.03 65.98
07/18/92 5 71 22. 17 5.95 6.39 0.380 452.98 66.36
07/21/92 5 72 22. 16 5.95 1.95 0.1 16 458.93 66.47
07/24/92 S 73 22.24 5.97 1.41 0.084 464.90 66.56
07/25/92 5 74 22.27 5.98 2.08 0.124 470.87 66.68
07/26/92 5 75 22.28 5.98 1.33 0.080 476.85 66.76
07/27/92 S 76 22.18 5.95 3.67 0.218 482.80 66.98
07/30/92 5 77 22.17 5.95 6.52 0.388 488.75 67.37
08/02/92 5 78 22.20 5.96 1 1.66 0.695 494.71 68.06
08/04/92 S 79 22.19 5.95 10.12 0.603 500.66 68.66
08/07/92 S 80 22. 18 5.95 9.22 0.549 506.62 69.21
08/1 1/92 5 83 22. 14 5.94 7.38 0.438 512.56 69.65
08/19/92 5 84 22.15 5.94 14.37 0.854 518.50 70.51
09/01/92 5 85 22.13 5.94 16.42 0.975 524.44 71.48
09/10/92 5 86 22.24 5.97 17.74 1.059 530.41 72.54
09/1 1/92 5 87 22.29 5.98 18.64 1.1 15 536.39 73.65
09/12/92 5 88 22.23 5.97 18.78 1.120 542.36 74.77
09/13/92 5 89 22.19 5.95 24.18 1.440 548.31 76.21
09/15/92 S 90 23 .20 6.23 22.67 1.41 1 554.54 77.63
09/16/92 5 91 23.25 6.24 24.14 1.506 560.78 79.13
09/16/92 5 # 23.09 6.20 20.00 1.239 566.97 80.37
09/16/92 5 # 22.78 6.1 1 20.00 1.223 573.09 81.59
09/16/92 S # 22.63 6.07 20.00 1.215 579.16 82.81
09/16/92 5 # 22.50 6.04 18.00 1.087 585.20 83 .90
09/17/92 5 # 22.45 6.02 18.00 1.084 591 .22 84.98
09/17/92 5 # 22.30 5 .98 18.00 1.077 597.20 86.06
09/18/92 5 92 22.23 5.97 ’ 17.61 1.051 603.17 87.11
09/20/92 S 93 22.20 5.96 14.60 0.870 609.13 87.98
09/23/92 S 94 22. 16 5.95 15.13 0.900 615.07 88.88
09/27/92 S 95 22.15 5.94 17.78 1.057 621.02 89.93
10/03/92 5 96 22. 14 5 .94 20.66 1.227 626.96 91 .16
10/12/92 5 97 22.13 5.94 10.28 0.610 632.90 91.77
10/16/92 S 98 22.26 5.97 14.24 0.851 638.87 92.62
10/17/92 S 99 22.28 5.98 9.95 0.595 644.85 93 .22
10/18/92 5 100 22.24 5.97 16.80 1.003 650.82 94.22
10/20/92 S 101 22.21 5.96 15.47 0.922 656.78 95.14

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

10/22/92
10/25/92
10/31/92
1 1/04/92
1 1/05/92
1 1/07/92
1 1/09/92
1 1/13/92
1 1/13/92
1 1 /14/92
1 1/15/92
1 1/16/92
1 1/17/92
1 1/20/92
1 1/23/92
1 1/26/92
1 1/28/92
12/01/92
12/06/92
12/13/92
12/19/92
12/22/92
12/25/92
12/30/92
01/01/93
01/01/93
01/02/93
01/03/93
01/04/93
01/05/93
01/05/93
01/05/93
01/06/93
01/07/93
01/08/93
01/09/93
01” 1/93
01/15/93
01/21/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
01/29/93
01/3 1/93
02/04/93

Lys# Sample#

U1U'IUIU1U'1U'IUIU'IUIU101U1U'ILDUIU'IU'IU'IU1U1U1U1U101U1U1U1U'IU1UlU1UlU1U1U1UlUlUlU1mU1U1U1U1

102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145

Vol
liters

22.17
22.15
22. 14
22.24
22.27
22.22
22.20
22.18
22.40
22.33
22.28
22.23
22.20
22.17
22.17
22. 17
22.19

' 22.16

22.17
22.13
22.15
22.21
22.15
22. 14
22.37
22.32
22.26
22.22
22.54
22.54
22.46
22.43
22.36
22.30
22.25
22.26
22.17
22.15
22.14
22.17
22.20
22.18
22.17
22.15

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Drain
mm

5.95
5.94
5.94
5.97
5.98
5.96
5.96
5.95
6.01
5.99
5.98
5.97
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.96
5.94
5.94
6.00
5.99
5.97
5.96
6.05
6.05
6.03
6.02
6.00
5.98
5.97
5.97
5.95
5.94
5.94
5.95
5.96
5.95
5.95
5.94

212

N03 -N
PM“

11.95
20.44
17.76
14.08
11.05
12.32
16.48
16.27
14.36
9.73
13.86
13.64
14.10
25.56
18.66
19.81
19.11
6.41
14.24
11.25
14.16
7.74
12.03
9.52
14.27
13.54
10.94
2.40
2.44
4.06
1.24
3.32
1.86
1.91
1.63
1.83
1.95
3.09
1.53
3.25
3.34
3.38
3.35
3.38

Load
kg/ha

0.71 1
1.215
1.055
0.840
0.660
0.735
0.982
0.968
0.863
0.583
0.829
0.814
0.840
1.521
1.1 10
1.179
1.138
0.381
0.847
0.668
0.842
0.461
0.715
0.566
0.857
0.81 1
0.654
0.143
0.148
0.246
0.075
0.200
0.1 12
0.1 14
0.097
0.109
0.116
0.184
0.091
0.193
0.199
0.201
0.199
0.201

cum
(mm

662.73
668.67
674.61
680.58
686.56
692.52
698.48
704.43
710.44
716.43
722.41
728.38
734.34
740.28
746.23
752.18
758.14
764.09
770.03
775.97
781.92
787.88
793.82
799.76
805.77
81 1.76
817.73
823.69
829.74
835.79
841.82
847.84
853.84
859.82
865.79
871.76
877.71
883.66
889.60
895.55
901.51
907.46
913.41
919.35

cum
load

kg/ha

95.85
97.07
98.12
98.96
99.62
100.36
101.34
102.31
103.17
103.75
104.58
105.40
106.24
107.76
108.87
110.05
111.18
11 1.57
112.41
113.08
113.92
114.38
115.10
115.66
116.52
117.33
117.99
118.13
118.28
118.52
118.60
118.80
118.91
119.02
119.12
119.23
119.34
119.53
119.62
119.81
120.01
120.21
120.41
120.61

02/09/93

03/03/93
03/20/93
03/20/93
03/2 1/93
03/22/93
03/22/93
06/02/93
06/08/93
06/08/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/10/93
06/10/93
06/1 1/93
06/13/93
06/17/93
06/21/93
06/27/93
07/01/93
07/02/93
07/03/93
07/04/93
07/05/93
07/14/93
10/01/93
10/01/93
10/04/93
10/07/93
10/08/93
10/1 1/93
10/13/93
1 0/15/93
10” 8/93
10/20/93
10/21/93
10/22/93
10/25/93
10/28/93
10/31/93
1 1/04/93

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lys# Sample#

;# from

#14
~<:
m
w

############¢t###

U'IU'1U1U'1U'IU'IU'IU'1WU'ILDU'ILHU'ILBWLDU‘ILHLHU‘IUILDLHLH

147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213

Vol
liters

22.14

22.13
22.36
22.96
22.33
26.65
22.52
23.12
23.04
23.02
23.38
22.69
23.14
22.51
22.37
22.28
22.21
22. 17
22.15
22.15
22. 14

9.50
14.50
7.00
l 1.50
8.00
8.50
38.00
39.00
17.00
14.00
36.00
28.00
20.00
15.00

Drain NO3-N
mm ppm
5.94 3.67
5.94 4.67
6.00 6.47
6.16 5.65
5.99 6.97
7.15 0.52
6.04 0.93
6.20 1 . 15
6.18 0.88
6.18 2.00
6.27 2.21
6.09 13.59
6.21 5.00
6.04 5.00
6.00 2.00
5.98 5.00
5.96 2.00
5.95 2.00
5.94 2.26
5.94 2.91
5.94 3.46
0.00 12.59
0.00 13.79
0.00 15.56
0.00 12.35
0.00 12.31
0.00 19.23
0.00 28.09
0.00 43.78
2.55 49.83
3.89 42.27
1.88 49.66
3.09 44.22
2.15 49.20
2.28 45.03
10.20 51.74
10.47 49.87
4.56 41.02
3.76 40.55
9.66 32.51
7.51 35.45
5.37 35.82
4.03 42.64

213

Load
kg/ha

0.218

0.277
0.388
0.348
0.418
0.037
0.056
0.071
0.054
0.124
0.139
0.827
0.310
0.302
0.120
0.299
0.1 19
0.1 19
0.134
0.173
0.206
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.270
1.645
0.933
1.365
1.056
1.027
5.276
5.219
1.871
1.523
3.141
2.664
1.922
1.716

cum
drain
(M)

925.29

931.23

937.23

943.39

949.38

956.54

962.58

968.78

974.97

981.14

987.42

993.51

999.72

1005.76
101 1.76
1017.74
1023.70
1029.65
1035.59
1041.54
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1047.48
1050.03
1053.92
1055.80
1058.88
1061.03
1063.31
1073.51
1083.97
1088.54
1092.29
1 101.95
1109.47
11 14.83
1 118.86

cum
load

kg/ha
120.83

121.11
121.50
121.84
122.26
122.30
122.36
122.43
122.48
122.61
122.74
123.57
123.88
124.18
124.30
124.60
124.72
124.84
124.98
125.15
125.35
125.35
125.35
125.35
125.35
125.35
125.35
125.35
125.35
126.62
128.27
129.20
130.57
131.62
132.65
137.93
143.15
145.02
146.54
149.68
152.34
154.27
155.98

1 1/10/93
12/21/93
01/03/94
02/23/94

# Estimates were made in drainage amount.

Lystt Sample#
5 214
S 215
5 216
S 217

Vol
liters

16.00 4

15.00
43.00
100.00

214

Drain NO3-N
mm ppm
4.29 24.86
4.03 3 1.78
1 1.54 15.33

26.84 5.76

Load
kg/ha

1.067
1.279
1.769
1.546

cum
drain
(mu!)

1123.15
1127.18
1138.72
1165.55

cum
load

kg/ha

157.05
158.33
160.10
161.64

"1111111111111111“