mem‘r sway :Lflrfii. : .23.. .4: 1:39... ‘ttfini. ii . . «1 .~ 3.7 ): .V... L m.§.rk nurflfia . E in»... .3 I! \ L11. '9 n.1,? . an in)? L... vzhmmm." J 14.4}! t. ufiflflfvh Suit 9! .. :r V .‘V.}.3.no,i ., .194. 5.! t. I .1 .25 .‘L‘Iad L 31$ , U, r. .53. um. .. 2 .6 e 5 an... - t. .2 .1. a... 1.: n, fig ahéi . r. 11 f ”Hash“ THESIS .3 k- < -~ " llI/l/l/llI/ll/ Illillllllllll ” 2672 This is to certify that the thesis entitled Handling difference between plywood and corrugated containers with and without fragile labels in overnight shipments presented by Timothy Grant Weigel has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for MS degree in Backaging_ 4%,: Major p essor Date.§3_. ”- I996 0-7639 MS U is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution v. ._... _ _¥ _-, w __ LIBRARY Mlchlgan State Unlverslty PLACE II RETURN 80X to mouthi- chockouttmm your "cord. TO AVOID FINES mum on or baton dd. duo. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE MSU IIAI'I Affirmative WM Opportunity ImtItqun Wm: _ ____..r—i HANDLING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLYWOOD AND CORRUGATED CONTAINERS WITH AND WITHOUT FRAGILE LABELS IN OVERNIGHT SHIPMENTS By Timothy Grant Weigel A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE School of Packaging 1 996 ABSTRACT HANDLING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLYWOOD AND CORRUGATED CONTAINERS WITH AND WITHOUT F RAGILE LABELS IN OVERNIGHT SHIPMENT By Timothy Grant Weigel To measure the shock environment of overnight delivery services a total of forty instrumented shipments were made utilizing two overnight delivery services. The handling differences between corrugated and plywood containers with and without fragile labels was also evaluated. The type of outer container used appeared to have an effect on the handling the package received during shipment. Shipments made with corrugated containers averaged almost twice as many shock events. For corrugated containers 95% of the drops or tosses occurred below 23.6 inches, compared to 15.3 inches for plywood containers. Additionally 95% of the impacts that occurred on corrugated container were at less then 151 in/sec compared to 130 in/sec for plywood containers. Labeling with a fragile label did not appear to affect the handling received by either container tested. Copyright by TIMOTHY GRANT WEIGEL 1996 To my wife Carol and our family Worm and Henry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wishes to acknowledge the assistance provided by my major professor Paul Singh, and my graduate committee Drs. Suchsland, Lockhart, and Burgess through out my graduate program. I would like to thank the School of Packaging, and the Consortium for Distribution Packaging for providing funding and support for this research project. I would also like to acknowledge the financial assistance provided by Dr. Potter-Witter and Dr. Stevens, Department of Forestry, during my final year at MSU. TABLE OF CONTENTS Rage LIST OF TABLES ......................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................... viii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................... 1 2.0 OBJECTIVES ........................................................ 8 3.0 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN .................................... 9 3.1 PACKAGE TYPES ............................................ 12 3.2 INSTRUMENTED PACKAGE CALIBRATION .. 16 3.3 SHIPPING TEST .............................................. 20 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS .............................................. 26 4.0 RESULTS .............................................................. 29 4.1 PHYSICAL DAMAGE ....................................... 29 4.2 SHIPPING TEST ............ w .................................. 32 5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ........................ 49 APPENDIX A Shock event data ............................. 55 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................. 114 vi LIST OF TABLES Rage . Experimental Design ............................................... 11 . Correction Coefficients ............................................ 19 . Summary of physical damage during handling ....... 30 . Number of impacts, drops, and tosses per shipment .................................................................. 33 . Summary of the number of events per shipment 36 vii LIST OF FIGURES Bags 1. Fragile label ............................................................. 14 2. Cushion types .......................................................... 21 3. Cushion placement .................................................. 22 4. Label placement ...................................................... 25 5. Percentage of shock events by type ...................... 35 6. Percentage of shock events by type for corrugated and plywood containers ......................... 37 7. Percentage of shock events by type for labeled and unlabeled containers ............................ 38 8. Cumulative percent of drops vs drop height ............ 40 9. Cumulative percent of drops vs drop height for corrugated and plywood containers ................... 41 10. Cumulative percent of drops vs drop height for labeled and unlabeled containers ..................... 43 11. Cumulative percent of impacts vs velocity change ................................................................... 44 12. Cumulative percent of impacts vs velocity change for corrugated and plywood containers ..... 46 13.Cumulative percent of impacts vs velocity change for labeled and unlabeled containers ........ 48 viii 1.0 INTRODUCTION One function of packaging is to provide adequate protection to products from damage during distribution. The packaging required to protect the product varies with the products fragility and the severity of the distribution environment. Ostrem and Godshall (1979) listed three major inputs required for the efficient and effective use of packaging materials. These were: (1) A knowledge of the shipping or operating environment. (2) A knowledge of the fragility or resistance to damage of the item to be protected or packaged. (3) A knowledge of the performance or protective characteristics of the packaging materials. Knowledge of these three factors allows for the design of a package that provides an acceptable level of protection at the least cost. 2 Standard methods exist for finding the shock fragility of products, such as ASTM D3332-77 for Damage Boundary Curves. These curves display the maximum acceleration and the maximum velocity change that a product can withstand. Most packaging material manufacturers can provide a user with information on the performance and protective characteristic of various materials. If this information is unavailable standard methods are available for determining the various cushioning characteristics of materials (ASTM D1596 and ASTM D4168). As research adds new data to this area, the methods for determining the protective characteristics of packaging materials are continually being improved. The shipping and operating environment that products are exposed to are not as easily defined. The complexity of the distribution environment makes it difficult to precisely define all the hazards, and their severity in the distribution system. The distribution environment includes physical hazards such as shock, vibrations, and compression, and environmental hazards such as temperature, and humidity. The types and severity of the hazards encountered in a particular distribution system are mainly influenced by the modes of 3 transportation used to move the product, the amount of handling, both mechanical and manual, and the environmental conditions encountered during movement. The vibration content of the physical hazards has been reported in many forms depending on the end use of the data. Most of the recent research in transportation has reported the results in terms of its power-spectral density. Trost (1988, 1989) has suggested using data in this form for setting test levels of vibration simulation programs. The loads imposed on packages during distribution have generally been reported in terms of the drop height (Ostrem and Godshall 1979). A study by Ostrem and Godshall (1979) divided the common carrier shipping environment into components based on the mode of transportation. Included in that study was information on the shock and vibration hazards associated with trucks, railcars, aircraft, ships, and fork lifts. They concluded that although there is a great deal of information on the hazards encountered in the distribution environment, data on transportation shock hazard is sparse or in a form not easily utilized for design purposes. They found that most packages will receive many shocks while passing through the distribution environment, 4 however most will be at a low level. Unitized loads and heavier packages receive fewer and lower drops. Handholds on packages will reduce the likelihood of a package being dropped, and labels such as fragile have at most a minor effect on the handling of packages. More recently Trost (1988, 1989) divided the air cargo transport environment into two main areas: ground operations using a pallet trailer, and hazards encountered on the aircraft. In this study the shock and vibration acting on a typical cargo pallet was measured and analyzed. Trost found that the stress levels encountered in air transport are generally lower then for other forms of transportation. Additionally, the highest levels of stress encountered occurred during ground transportation to and from the aircraft, and during the short period during landing of the aircraft. The highest levels of stress measured during ground transport was a vertical acceleration of 5.8 g at the pallet corner and could be traced directly to uneven pavement surface and careless driving during ground transportation. The highest level measured during the air portion of the study was a vertical acceleration of 0.42 9 recorded during landing. 5 In their investigation of the small parcel environment Singh and Voss (1992) collected data on shocks encountered during handling by United Parcel Service between East Lansing, MI and Monterey, CA. To detect the effect of package size and weight on the handling of UPS shipments they shipped Drop Height Data recorders made by Dallas Instrument in packages of varying size and weight. Through lab simulation of common material handling processes they were able to classify package impacts into categories of drops, tosses, and kicks. The various events were classified in to categories based on a "unit ratio". This is the ratio between the drop height measured by the drop height recorders zero-G channel and the calculated equivalent drop height based on the velocity change as measured by the drop height recorders accelerometers. If the unit ratio was less then 0.5 the container was not in free fall long enough to produce the level of shock recorded and the event was classified as a "kick". If the unit ratio was between 0.5 and 2.0 the shock was approximately equal to that produced by a free fall drop and the event was classified as a "drOp". If the unit ratio was larger then 2.0 the shock recorded was much smaller than the shock that would have been produced by a 6 free fall drop from the zero-g drop height and the event was classified as a "toss". The packages shipped ranged in size from approximately a 12- inch cube to a 26" x 20" x 19" container, and the weight ranged from 20 lb. to 45 lb. The data was reported by type of drops, kicks, and tosses. They concluded that for the containers tested, package size did not significantly affect the drop height, and except for the small packages the weight did not significantly affect the drop heights of the packages. The highest recorded flat drop was 42.1 inches for a small / light package (12 x 12 x 12 inches weighing 20 lb.). Singh et. al ( 1992) monitored the impacts packages received while passing through the overnight air delivery system. They made 150 one way shipments of instrumented packages to five different locations in the United States, using three delivery services. During this study the highest drop encountered was 77.8 inches. They found that of the drops made during shipments using either Federal Express or United Parcel Service 99.5% were below 27.5 inches, and 99.5 % of the drops in United States Postal Service shipments were below 50 inches. The highest lateral impact they found was measured to have 6 free fall drop from the zero-g drop height and the event was classified as a "toss". The packages shipped ranged in size from approximately a 12- inch cube to a 26" x 20" x 19" container, and the weight ranged from 20 lb. to 45 lb. The data was reported by type of drops, kicks, and tosses. They concluded that for the containers tested, package size did not significantly affect the drop height, and except for the small packages the weight did not significantly affect the drop heights of the packages. The highest recorded flat drop was 42.1 inches for a small / light package (12 x 12 x 12 inches weighing 20 lb.). Singh et. al (1992) monitored the impacts packages received while passing through the overnight air delivery system. They made 150 one way shipments of instrumented packages to five different locations in the United States, using three delivery services. During this study the highest drop encountered was 77.8 inches. They found that of the drops made during shipments using either Federal Express or United Parcel Service 99.5% were below 27.5 inches, and 99.5 % of the drops in United States Postal Service shipments were below 50 inches. The highest lateral impact they found was measured to have 6 free fall drop from the zero-g drop height and the event was classified as a "toss". The packages shipped ranged in size from approximately a 12- inch cube to a 26" x 20" x 19" container, and the weight ranged from 20 lb. to 45 lb. The data was reported by type of drops, kicks, and tosses. They concluded that for the containers tested, package size did not significantly affect the drop height, and except for the small packages the weight did not significantly affect the drop heights of the packages. The highest recorded flat drop was 42.1 inches for a small / light package (12 x 12 x 12 inches weighing 20 lb.). Singh et. al (1992) monitored the impacts packages received while passing through the overnight air delivery system. They made 150 one way shipments of instrumented packages to five different locations in the United States, using three delivery services. During this study the highest drop encountered was 77.8 inches. They found that of the drops made during shipments using either Federal Express or United Parcel Service 99.5% were below 27.5 inches, and 99.5 % of the drops in United States Postal Service shipments were below 50 inches. The highest lateral impact they found was measured to have 7 a velocity change of 250 in. / sec. In shipments made using either Federal Express or United Parcel Service 99.5% of the lateral impacts measured had a velocity change of less then 165 in. lsec., and 99.5% of the lateral impacts in United States Postal Service shipments had a velocity change of less than 225 in. sec. 2.9 OBJECTIVES This study had the following objectives: 1. Measure the shock environment of overnight package delivery services (Federal Express and US Postal Service) for corrugated and plywood containers. 2. To determine if handling differences exist between corrugated and plywood containers with and without 'fragile' labels for overnight delivery shipments. P MNADEIG To measure the shock environment of the overnight delivery service distribution system, a total of forty round trip shipments were made. Past research has shown that a container's size and weight can have an effect on its handling in a distribution system (Ostrem and Godshall 1979). Little research has been done in the past on the effect of the type of outer container within a particular size and weight class. The effect of fragile labeling in a highly automated distribution system, such as the over night delivery environment, has not been thoroughly explored. In their study of the overnight delivery system Singh et. al. (1992) found differences in the handling of small corrugated packages between the various delivery services, but in general regardless of the delivery service used, most of the drops and impacts encounteredwere at low levels. Similar drop and impact levels are expected in this study. It is hoped that by spreading the shipments equally between delivery services the differences between them will be reduced and any handling differences found will be the result of the outer container used or the labeling of the package. 9 10 The effect of the type of container used was analyzed by making twenty shipments in corrugated containers and twenty in plywood containers. The effect of labeling was also studied by placing fragile labels on half of all the shipments made. 1/ To BRIEIEEQBHPTQIView of the.gvernightshipping..§.n.Yi.r.9nment I rathfier‘than a single distribution route, shipments were made to two locations... Thglggathnsneeded 1,012.6 farenougb from.-E.ast-l..ansing tokamlloyv the panegestgpass. tbrqugb -a majordistrihutipnhub and far enough from 6.890.. __Ot_her to allow the packages to pass through different distribution routes. Shipments were made from the School of Packaging (zip code 48824) to two locations, Trabuco Canyon, California (zip code 92679), and Cedar Park, Texas (zip code 78613). The containers were then return shipped to the School of Packaging in East Lansing, Michigan. In addition two different overnight services were used. Half the shipments were made via United States Post Office Express Mail Service, and the remaining shipments were made through Federal Express. It was assumed that any effect caused by the service used, or, the location of the shipment would be small. The experimental design is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Experimental Design. 11 Container Corrugated Vikex Plywood Labeling None Fragile None Fragile Service US FD US FD US FD US FD Destination C T CT CT C T C T C T C T CT Service US = United State Postal Service Express Mail FD = Federal Express Designation T = Cedar Park, Texas (zip code 78613) C = Trabuco Canyon, California (zip code 92679) 12 The destination of the initial shipment, the service used, and the number of plywood or corrugated containers in the first shipment was randomly selected. All other shipments were designed to allow for equal distribution of containers, labeling, and service to a given locafion. .1 P C ETYPE Two types of containers were tested in this project. The wooden container tested was a Vikex collapsible plywood container manufactured by Nefab Corporation Chicago, Illinois. The Vikex container was made of 5 mm thick, five ply Russian birch plywood walls connected with galvanized steel corner pieces. The containers were custom made with interior dimensions of 10.875" x 10.875" x 10.875". The Vikex container with a 2" Ethafoam 220 cushioning weighed approximately 7.5 pounds. The corrugated container tested was a 600-LB. triple wall regular slotted container (RSC) manufactured by Arvco container of Kalamazoo, Michigan. The corrugated containers were also custom made with the same interior 13 dimensions as the plywood containers. The corrugated containers with the same cushions weighed approximately 5.25 pounds. Fragile labels used during testing were 4" x 6" American Labelmark model L76 labels (Figure 1). The recording module used was a Drop Height Recorder model DHR-1 made by Dallas Instruments. The unit is a 6.5 inch cube that weighs 9.5 pounds. It is an electronic shock recorder designed to determine free-fall drop heights. The unit is battery powered and able to record shocks over a two week period. The recorder can measure accelerations up to 125 g. In the recording mode used the DHR-1 can record up to 137 separate shock events. The DHR-1 unit is a four-channel recorder which uses a piezoelectric triaxial accelerometer to record shock events on three channels. This information is processed through a high-gain amplifier to sense a change to a zero-g state. Figure 1. Fragile label. I‘. HANDLE WITH CARE Thank You! L7. WWW.MWW¢0..M.I.M mar-soon 15 Besides recording the shock event wave form, the unit also records the time and date of the event in its random access memory. Since the time of the event is recorded along with the acceleration data the free fall distance (zero-g drop height) can be determined using equation 2-1. hz=gt.2/2 (2-1) Where: 9 = acceleration due to gravity ( 386.4 in./s"’) t = measured time of freefall (seconds) h2 = zero-g drop height. The height the unit has fallen can also be determined from the area under the acceleration-time curve recorded by each of the units accelerometers using equation 2-2. h=(V/(1+e))2*(1/29) (2-2) Where: V = velocity change for each channel e = coefficient of restitution h = equivalent drop height for each channel. The free fall drop height is then be calculated by summing the 16 component drop heights of each accelerometer. The number of shock events and the severity of each event was measured in this study. Differences in the type, number, and severity of events between plywood and corrugated containers, and labeled and unlabeled containers was evaluated. The severity of the event was based on the following criteria developed by Singh and Voss (1992) 1. The velocity change for shock events with a unit ratio of less than 0.5 were classified as "kicks" or "impacts". 2. The zero-G drop height was used for shock events with a unit ratio between 0.5 and 2.0 to determine "drops". 3. The equivalent drop height was used for shock events with a unit ratio above 2.0 to determine "tosses". 4. The drop height data for drops and tosses was combined for the analysis. T TED PAC C IB TI The equivalent drop height calculation was made for each event based on the integration of the area under the acceleration traces. The individual channel values are then multiplied by a user input correction factor to allow for the coefficients of restitution of the 17 package cushion for the three orientations. When the DHR-1 is shipped in a user supplied, package these factors need to be modified by the user to make the calculated equivalent drop heights equal to the zero-g drop height of a simulated fiat drop (DHR manual 1988). Due to possible differences in the coefficient of restitution in the six directions measured by the DHR it is necessary to do calibration drops on all six faces of the container. For each type of container (plywood and triple wall corrugated) known height drop tests were done in the lab. Drop tests were done from 24 inches and from 18 inches. For each series of tests the DHR-1 units were packaged as they would have been for shipment. During each drop test the packaged unit was randomly dropped 10 time on each side from the indicted height in accordance with ASTM D775 using a Lansmont model PDT 56E precision drop tester. At least one minute between drops was allowed for the cushion to recover (Graesser, et-al, 1990). The data was broken down into sets based on the type of container used and side on which the container was dropped. To eliminate secondary impacts or drops with excessive rotation from the data set used to calculate the calibration 18 coefficients, the data from any drop whose zero-G drop height deviated more then 2% from the known drop height was eliminated from the data set. Each data set was initially analyzed with the correction factors for the shipping containers provided with the DHR-1. The data was analyzed to find the deviation between the known (zero-G) and the calculated drop height was calculated for each side separately. The correction factors were modified as instructed by the DHR-1 manual and the original data sets were run through the analysis procedure using the modified correction factors. This was repeated until the resulting equivalent drop height average varied less than 1% from the known drop height for each side. The resulting calibration coefficients use to analyze the data from shipments made in the plywood Vikex boxes and corrugated boxes are described in Table 2. Table 2. 19 Correction coefficients. Plywood Container Recording Channels X+ X- Y+ Y- 2+ 2- 1.810 2.130 1.800 1.950 2.070 2.075 Corrugated containers Recording Channels X+ X- Y+ Y- Z+ Z- 1.075 1.690 1.375 0.975 1.750 2.050 X, Y = Lateral / Longitudinal channels 2 = Vertical channels 20 .3 IPPI T T All containers were received from the manufactures in a collapsed condition with only the manufacture's joint formed. The plywood containers from Nefab were erected and the bottoms attached to the container sides in accordance with the manufacture's instructions. The corrugated containers were erected and the bottom H-sealed with a semi-automatic case sealer using a plastic tape. Six complete sets of cushion were formed from a single sheet of material, cushions were used interchangeable through out the study. Three types of cushions were formed using Ethafoam 220 (Figure 2). The cushion placement in the containers is shown in Figure 3. Before shipment the battery of each DHR-1 unit was recharged for a minimum of 24 hours. The cushions were then placed in the containers as described earlier. The unit was then placed in its container. To help monitor any physical damage that might occur to an individual container each container was numbered for identification. For corrugated containers the DHR unit was placed in the container so that the units front was opposite the manufactures joint on the box. Figure 2. Cushion types. .67/8 6 7/8 10 7/8 21 6 7/8 l 10 7/8 6 7/8 Type 1 Left and Right Cushions Type 2 Front and Back Cushion Type 3 Top and Bottom Cushion 22 Figure 3. Cushion placement. Type 3 cushion Type 2 Cushion Front View ----—--——— -———-——-_ Type 3 cushion Type 3 cushion Side View Type 3 cushion Type 2 cushions. Type 2 cushion Top View Type 2 cushion Type 1 cushions 23 The plywood containers were marked with an arbitrary front that was then used on subsequent shipments. After placing the unit in the container a configuration file containing trip information, triggering levels, and memory modes was downloaded to the unit. The trigger level was set at the default level of 10% full scale. The memory mode used was full stop, which recorded the first 137 events and then stopped recording. Downloading the configuration file to the DHR-1 unit cleared previous data from the units RAM memory and prepared the unit for triggering. The current date and time were also downloaded to the unit. This was done so that upon return of the unit to MSU any events recorded before the unit leaving MSU would be eliminated from the data set prior to analysis. Such events included accidental impacts while sealing corrugated containers, and applying the lid to the plywood containers. Address labels were applied to the center top of the container facing as to be read from the designated front of the shipping container. On container labeled Fragile Handle with Care the labels were placed above the address label on the top of the container and on the center of the four sides of the container. No labeling was 24 applied to the bottom of the container (Figure 4). New labeling was applied to the containers as necessary to maintain legibility of all labels. Federal Express shipments were picked up at the School of Packaging by Federal Express. Postal Service shipments were delivered to the main post office on Collins Road in Lansing, Michigan. The time of delivery to the post office was recorded for use in eliminating any events that might have occurred before delivery to the post office. When the containers were returned to the School of Packaging each container was inspected for physical damage and any damage was recorded. To reduce damage to the Vikex container when opening, the manufacture supplied tools and instructions were used to remove the top of the Vikex container. 25 Figure 4. Label placement. FRAGILE HANDLE WITH Box Top ADDRESS LABEL FRAGILE HANDLE Box Side WITH CARE 26 The DHR-1 unit was then unpacked and removed from the shipping container. The DHR-1 unit was inspected for any physical damage to the unit that may have occurred during shipment. No physical damage was recorded during the shipment test. The DHR-1 unit was then connected to a computer in the lab and the units configuration information and shock event information was downloaded for further analysis. The DHR—1 unit was then recharged. The shock event data was then processed through the software supplied with the units and the zero-g, equivalent drop height, and change in velocity for each shock event was calculated. These results were then uploaded into a spreadsheet for further processing. 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS Immediately upon arrival back at MSU the outer containers were inspected for physical damage. Any damage found was recorded by container type and number. The damage was also marked on the container itself so it would not be recorded more than once. 27 Using the unit ratio developed by Singh and Voss (1992), the number of impacts, toss, drops, and the total number of events per shipment was calculated. The average, and standard deviation of the number shock event per shipment was calculated for each type of container used and for each labeling type. To analyze the severity of the drops and impacts encountered during shipment the data was broken into two sets, one combining events classified as drops and tosses (this group will be called drops through out the rest of this thesis), the other containing only events classified as impacts. The drop data was then used to analyze the height of the drops encountered measured in inches, and the impact's data for analyzing the size of the impacts measured in in./sec. The minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of the drop heights for the two types of containers was calculated. The minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of the drop heights for the two labeling configurations was also calculated. In determining package test specification the drop height frequency is often used in place of average drop height. Depending on the relative costs of packaging and the value of the product an acceptable level of 28 damage can be decided. A common practice is to test the package at a height below which 95% of the expected drops will occur (Singh, Voss 1992). The cumulative percent of drops occurring at a given drop height was calculated for corrugated and plywood containers, and labeled and unlabeled containers. Using the impact's data the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of the velocity changes for the two types of containers, and two labeling configurations was calculated. The cumulative percent of impacts occurring at a given velocity change was calculated for corrugated and plywood containers, and labeled and unlabeled containers. W The container used for each shipment was randomly selected. During this study multiple shipments were made with each outer container type. A total of five corrugated containers were used and they ranged from three shipments to five shipments per container. Four plywood Vikex containers were used and they ranged from three shipments to seven shipments per container. After each shipment the containers and DHR units were inspected for physical damage that may have occurred during that shipment. No physical damage was observed on any of the DHR units during this study. Physical damage to the outer containers was recorded upon their return to the School of Packaging at MSU, and a record for each outer container maintained. Most of the instances of damage recorded (Table 3) were punctures to the corrugated containers. 29 30 Table 3. Summary of physical damage during handling. Puncture left side Puncture front Puncture back CORRUGATED PLYWOOD Container # Container # 1 Puncture front 1 No visible damage Tear right side Puncture right side 2 Tear front 2 Dent back right top corner Dent bottom right edge Tear right side Puncture bottom 3 Bent locking tab top left Loosetop .h Puncture front 4 Bent locking tab bottom front (J'l Puncture bottom Puncture bottom Puncture front 31 Most of the punctures were limited to the first wall of the corrugated material. Several tears were also recorded on the corrugated container and again they were generally limited to the outer layer of liner board. The plywood material used for the walls of the Vikex containers is resistant to damage and no damage was recorded to the plywood walls during this study. The damage to the plywood boxes was limited to a few dents to the metal connectors on the edges and corners of the boxes. In two cases a metal locking tab on the top or the bottom of the container had been bent from its locked position. In both cases the other locking tabs were not damaged and the cover remained tight. In a single instance a plywood container was returned with the cover noticeably loosened, however the locking tabs remained in place and the cover could not be removed manually. 32 A total of 1527 shock events were recorded during the 40 shipments. This included 644 classified as impacts, 465 events classified as drops, and 418 classified as tosses. The number of each type of shock event for each shipment is shown in Table 4. Most of the events recorded (42%) were impacts, drops accounted for about 32%, and the remaining 26% were tosses (Figure 5) The number of shock events recorded ranged from 1 event to 65 events per shipment. There was an average of 16 impacts, 12 drops, and 10 tosses for a total of 38 shock events per shipment (Table 5). The distribution of impacts, drops, and tosses for corrugated and plywood container is shown in Figure 6 and for labeled and unlabeled containers in Figure 7. 33 Table 4. Number of impacts, drops, and tosses per shipment. SHIPMENT IMPACTS DROPS TOSSES TOTAL CUFC1 18 17 16 51 CUFC2 23 13 1O 46 CUFC3 14 19 7 4O CU FT1 22 16 18 56 CUFT2 29 22 14 65 CUFT3 21 16 16 53 CUPC1 12 13 5 30 CUPC2 29 22 13 64 CUPC3 24 20 14 58 CUPT1 21 22 1 1 54 CUPT2 8 12 12 32 CLFC4 21 16 1 1 48 CLFC5 25 12 25 62 CLFT4 18 13 17 48 CLFT5 20 1 1 6 37 CLPC4 37 20 8 65 CLPC5 26 12 12 50 CLPT3 22 14 8 44 CLPT4 27 12 9 48 CLPT5 18 8 13 39 The shipment code is made up of five units Container = C or W for Corrugated or plyWood Labeling = L or U for Labeled fragile or Unlabeled Shipper = F or P for Federal Express or Postal Service Destination = C or T for California or Texas Repetition = 1-5 for the repetition of a container type shipped by a service to a location. QPP’NT‘ Table 4. (cont'd). 34 wurc1 5 2 3 9 wurcz 4 4 2 1o WUFT1 1o 6 14 3o WUFT2 12 3 15 3o wupc1 2 3 2 7 wupcz 14 14 1 1 39 WUPT1 13 18 18 49 WUPT2 12 7 15 34 WUPT3 14 15 21 50 WLFC3 4 1 1 1o 25 WLFC4 1o 1 1 3 29 WLFCS o 1 o 1 WLFT3 5 5 3 13 WLFT4 14 7 6 27 WLFT5 7 1 1 8 26 WLPC3 5 5 4 14 WLPC4 31 9 5 45 WLPC5 20 1o 8 38 WLPT4 1o 5 1o 25 WLPT5 18 8 1o 38 AVERAGE 16 12 1o 38 STD. DEV. 9 9 5 17 The shipment code is made up of five units Container = C or W for Corrugated or plyWood Labeling = L or U for Labeled fragile or Unlabeled Shipper = F or P for Federal Express or Postal Service Destination = C or T for California or Texas Repetition = 1-5 for the repetition of a container type shipped by a service to a location. 91:599.”? 35 Figure 5. Percentage of shock events by type. Tosses (26.32%) if; * Impacts (42.11%) Drops (31.58%) 36 Table 5. Summary of the number of events per shipment. IMPAfli DBOES IQSSES I Q [AL ., Minimum 0 1 0 1 Maximum 37 22 25 65 Average 16 12 10 38 Std. Dev. 8.9 5.8 5.5 16.8 Number 644 465 418 1527 37 Figure 6. Percentage of shock events by type for corrugated and plywood containers. Corrugated Plywood I Impacts I: Drops I Tosses 38 Figure 7. Percentage of shock events by type for labeled and unlabeled containers. 30% 20% 10% Labeled Unlabeled I Impacts D Drops I Tosses 39 The 883 drops and tosses encountered ranged in drop height from the threshold of the DHR-1 unit, 0.1 inches, to a high of 83.1 inches. The average drop height was 6.3 inches with a standard deviation of 8.2 inches. The cumulative percent of drops occurring at a given height is shown in Figure 8. Of the 883 events 95% occurred below 21.5 inches and 99.5% below 48.3 inches. The average drop height of corrugated containers was 7.7 inches. The average drop height of plywood containers was 4 inches. The cumulative percent of drop at various heights for corrugated and plywood containers is shown in Figure 9. Plywood containers in general experienced lower drops then corrugated containers. As seen in Figure 9, 95% of the plywood container drops were below 15.3 inches compared to 23.6 inches for 95% of the corrugated containers. This trend also holds at higher levels with 99.5% of the plywood containers were dropped from below 31.7 inches, 99.5% of the corrugated container drops were from below 54.8 inches. Drops and tosses are generally related more to manual handling then automated handling so the difference most likely reflects real handling difference between the two types of containers. 40 Figure 8 Cumulative percent of drops vs. drop height 100 80 -- 60 -~ Percent 40 ~— 20‘ 0 20 40 60 80 100 Drop Height (inches) 41 'Figure 9. Cumulative percent of drops vs. drop height for Corrugated and Plywood containers. 100 80 .4- 60 ~~ Percent 40: 20 o 20 4o 60 80 100 Drop Height (inches) — Corrugated — Plywood 42 The average drop height of labeled containers, 6.5 inches, did not differ greatly from that of unlabeled containers, 6.2 inches. This shows little if any difference in handling due to the labeling used. The cumulative percent of drops occurring at a given height for labeled and unlabeled containers is shown in Figure 10. Both types of labeling showed approximately the same distribution in drop heights, 95% of the drops in both types of containers were from below 22 inches and 99.5% from below 48.3 inches. The automated nature of this distribution system may account for this lack of difference. Any real manual handling difference appeared to be small. The 644 impacts recorded ranged from a velocity change of 22 inlsec to a high of 392 in. / sec. The average velocity change was 78 inlsec with a standard deviation of 43.6 in. lsec. The cumulative percent of impacts at a given velocity change is shown in Figure 11. Of the 644 impacts 95% of them occurred at less than 149 in. lsec. and 99.5% of them at less then 307 in. lsec. 43 Figure 10. Cumulative percent of drops vs. drop height for labeled and unlabeled containers. 100 Percent 0 20 40 60 80 100 Drop Height (inches) —— Labeled -— Unlabled 44 Figure 11. Cumulative percent of impacts vs. velocity change. 100 80 ~~ 6O 1- Percent 40 4 20 ~~ l i 1 Y I I 0 100 200 300 400 Velocity Change (in/sec) 45 The average velocity change for impacts on the corrugated container was 81.4 inlsec, and for plywood containers 70.8 in./sec. The cumulative percent of impacts at the observed impact levels for corrugated and plywood containers is shown in Figure 12. As with the drop data there was a real difference in impact level between the two types of containers. With corrugated containers receiving higher levels of acceleration changes then plywood containers. However unlike drop heights where the distribution of drops for corrugated containers was consistently higher, the distributions of velocity changes for corrugated and plywood containers switch position at the higher levels. If we compare the cumulative distribution of velocity changes for corrugated and plywood containers we see that at the 95% level of the velocity changes for corrugated container are higher then the plywood containers. But the trends change if we look at the 99.5 % cut off point. For plywood containers 99.5% of the velocity changes are below 355 inlsec. compared with 232 inlsec. for corrugated containers. 46 Figure 12. Cumulative percent of impacts vs. velocity change for corrugated and plywood containers. 80 .. 60 ~- Percent 40 ~- 20 ~~ 0 100 200 300 400 Velocity Change (in/sec) -—— Corrugated — Plywood 47 The average velocity change for impacts on containers labeled fragile was 79.4 in. lsec. and for unlabeled containers 76.4 in./sec. While there is a slight difference between the type of labeling it is minor and opposite of what would be expected. The cumulative percent of impacts at various levels for labeled and unlabeled containers is shown in Figure 13. As with the drop data the distribution of velocity changes for labeled and unlabeled containers are virtually identical. 48 Figure 13. Cumulative percent of impacts vs. velocity change for labeled and unlabeled containers. 100 80 -- Percent 0 100 200 300 400 Velocity Change (in/sec) —-- Labeled — Unlabeled AYAD C N To measure the shock environment of overnight delivery services a total of forty instrumented shipments were made utilizing two overnight delivery services. The handling differences between corrugated and plywood containers with and without fragile labels was also evaluated. To measure the shock environment the shipments were instrumented with a drop height recorder and shipped from East Lansing, Michigan to Cedar Park, Texas and Trabaco Canyon, California. Half the shipments were made in a plywood Vikex container manufactured by Nefab, and the remaining shipments made in a 600 # burst test triple wall corrugated container. Half the containers used were labeled Fragile Handle With Care. The data from the drop height recorders was evaluated to determine the drop height and velocity change of each shock event measured during shipment. The shock environment was evaluated in terms of the number of shocks received and the level of shock as measured by the drop height for shock events classified as drops or tosses, and velocity changes for the events classified as impacts. 49 50 The average shipment received approximately 38 shock events including 12 drops, 16 impacts, and 10 tosses. The drop heights, of the drops and tosses, ranged from 0.1 inches (the; threshold level of the recording device) to 83.1 inches. Of these 95% occurred below 21.5 inches and 99.5% were below 48.3 inches. The velocity changes of the impacts measured ranged from 22 inlsec to 392 inlsec. Of the impacts measured 95% occurred at less then 149 inlsec and 99.5% at less then 307 inlsec. The type of package used had an affect on the handling of the container. Corrugated containers averaged almost twice as many shock events, 50 events, as plywood containers, 29 events. In general the shock events corrugated containers received were also more severe then those of plywood containers. The drop height of 95% of the drops in corrugated containers were below 23.6 inches, and below 15.3 inches for plywood containers. Additionally the drop height of 99.5% of the drops were below 54.8 inches and 31.7 inches for corrugated and plywood containers respectively. The average impact velocity measured in corrugated container was 81.4 inlsec and for the plywood Vikex container 70.8 inlsec. The impact velocity of 51 95% of the impacts measured in corrugated containers were below 151 inlsec, for plywood containers 95% of the impacts were below 130 inlsec. The impact velocity of 99.5% of the impacts were below 232 inlsec and 355 inlsec for corrugated and plywood containers respectively. While the very highest levels of impact were received by I plywood containers these represent a very few large impacts and in general plywood containers received lower levels of impact then corrugated containers. Labeling with a fragile label used did not appear to affect the handling received by the containers tested. The packages used averaged roughly the same number of shock events per trip, 36 events for packages labeled fragile and 40 events for unlabeled packages. Similarly the average drop height of unlabeled packages, 6.2 inches, was nearly the same packages labeled fragile, 6.5 inches. Likewise the average impact velocity for containers labeled fragile, 79.4 inlsec, was only slightly higher then that of unlabeled containers, 76.4 inlsec. 52 In conclusion despite the highly automated nature of the overnight delivery environment it would appear that the type of outer container does affect the handling received. Packages with plywood outer containers received fewer and less severe shocks during shipment than packages with corrugated outer containers. The fragile labeling used, however, did not appear to have any real effect on either the number of shock events, or the severity of these events, that the packages received during shipment through the overnight delivery environment. In this particular environment it would appear that the fragile labeling used was not effective means for altering the handling a package received. However, the type of outer container did appear to alter the handling that the package received. This may indicate that labeling by itself may not be sufficient to separate a package out from the surrounding packages for special handling. Further testing with containers in a variety of shapes and sizes, along with different types of labeling should be used to confirm these results. Given the DHR-1 modules ability to record not only shock information but also date and time information, it also might be possible to monitor the shipping 53 environment and match handling practices to the shock events recorded. From this type of information it might be possible to determine if the handling difference were the result of structural differences, which the calibration process could not detect, or the result of human interaction. Appendix Appendix A Shock event data 55 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F C 4 1 87 1.1 6.2 0.2 C L F C 4 2 54 4.8 2.2 2.2 C L F C 4 3 89 0.0 10.5 0.0 C L F C 4 4 49 73.7 2.8 26.3 C L F C 4 5 65 14.1 3.7 3.8 C L F C 4 6 46 3.6 1.8 2.0 C L F C 4 7 55 0.3 2.3 0.1 C L F C 4 8 46 0.9 2.6 0.3 C L F C 4 9 35 2.3 1.3 1.8 C L F C 4 10 77 4.8 5.0 1.0 C L F C 4 11 71 2.4 5.5 0.4 C L F C 4 12 41 2.0 1.4 1.4 C L F C 4 13 95 1.1 7.8 0.1 C L F C 4 14 101 1.7 8.8 0.2 C L F C 4 15 46 0.2 1.9 0.1 C L F C 4 16 68 0.0 3.8 0.0 C L F C 4 17 110 0.8 9.3 0.1 C L F C 4 18 61 2.5 3.4 0.7 C L F C 4 19 86 8.2 6.2 1.3 C L F C 4 20 76 102.0 4.4 23.2 C L F C 4 22 18 23.6 0.2 118.0 C L F C 4 23 106 12.0 11.6 1.0 C L F C 4 24 60 1.4 3.3 0.4 C L F C 4 25 63 1.3 3.3 0.4 C L F C 4 26 40 0.1 1.2 0.1 C L F C 4 27 53 0.2 2.6 0.1 56 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F C 4 28 43 0.1 1.6 0.1 C L F C 4 29 45 2.3 1.9 1.2 C L F C 4 30 85 16.7 6.5 2.6 C L F C 4 31 52 4.3 2.3 1.9 C L F C 4 32 97 0.2 8.1 0.0 C L F C 4 33 66 4.6 4.0 1.2 C L F C 4 35 66 12.5 3.3 3.8 C L F C 4 36 103 0.0 8.2 0.0 C L F C 4 37 73 0.0 6.2 0.0 C L F C 4 38 72 0.0 3.4 0.0 C L F C 4 39 48 3.0 1.8 1.7 C L F C 4 40 86 0.0 7.5 0.0 C L F C 4 41 66 2.9 3.5 0.8 C L F C 4 42 49 4.9 1.8 2.7 C L F C 4 43 48 24.5 2.5 9.8 C L F C 4 44 69 0.4 4.0 0.1 C L F C 4 45 68 2.1 3.6 0.6 C L F C 4 46 151 11.9 17.9 0.7 C L F C 4 47 73 31.7 5.4 5.9 C L F C 4 48 98 40.7 8.5 4.8 C L F C 4 49 126 12.8 13.2 1.0 C L F C 4 50 79 5.4 4.7 1.1 C L F C 5 1 72 0.2 3.9 0.1 C L F C 5 2 44 0.5 1.6 0.3 C L F C 5 3 40 0.3 1.4 0.2 C L F C 5 4 97 0.2 7.9 0.0 57 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F C 5 5 56 4.7 2.3 2.0 C L F C 5 6 87 4.1 5.3 0.8 C L F C 5 7 59 7.3 2.4 3.0 C L F C 5 8 56 6.1 2.2 2.8 C L F C 5 9 75 8.8 4.2 2.1 C L F C 5 10 60 10.9 4.2 2.6 C L F C 5 11 80 22.8 7.6 3.0 C L F C 5 12 72 56.5 6.3 9.0 C L F C 5 13 43 5.9 2.2 2.7 C L F C 5 14 55 0.2 3.5 0.1 C L F C 5 15 102 5.9 10.5 0.6 C L F C 5 16 84 3.2 6.3 0.5 C L F C 5 17 59 0.0 3.9 0.0 C L F C 5 18 45 0.0 2.4 0.0 C L F C 5 19 33 0.5 1.4 0.4 C L F C 5 20 46 84.1 1.4 60.1 C L F C 5 21 55 0.2 4.0 0.1 C L F C 5 22 45 0.0 2.7 0.0 C L F C 5 23 110 4.9 14.0 0.4 C L F C 5 24 109 10.9 15.8 0.7 C L F C 5 25 131 37.5 13.0 2.9 C L F C 5 26 61 0.0 2.7 0.0 C L F C 5 27 55 0.2 2.4 0.1 C L F C 5 28 53 10.8 2.1 5.1 C L F C 5 29 90 99.5 6.2 16.0 C L F C 5 30 121 68.6 11.3 6.1 58 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F C 5 31 72 47.5 5.9 8.1 C L F C 5 32 50 40.7 2.0 20.4 C L F C 5 33 47 0.0 1.8 0.0 C L F C 5 34 67 5.3 3.9 1.4 C L F C 5 35 122 0.0 14.1 0.0 C L F C 5 36 52 34.5 2.3 15.0 C L F C 5 37 92 39.1 6.9 5.7 C L F C 5 38 78 69.0 4.8 14.4 C L F C 5 39 72 8.8 3.9 2.3 C L F C 5 40 69 0.2 3.7 0.1 C L F C 5 41 96 0.0 8.4 0.0 C L F C 5 42 83 9.9 5.1 1.9 C L F C 5 43 36 0.3 1.6 0.2 C L F C 5 44 35 0.2 1.5 0.1 C L F C 5 45 39 1.9 1.1 1.7 C L F C 5 46 82 0.3 5.1 0.1 C L F C 5 47 52 0.3 2.1 0.1 C L F C 5 48 67 9.8 3.5 2.8 C L F C 5 49 108 2.3 8.9 0.3 C L F C 5 50 35 70.2 1.1 63.8 C L F C 5 51 61 9.7 4.9 2.0 C L F C 5 52 102 97.3 9.0 10.8 C L F C 5 53 135 4.4 16.5 0.3 C L F C 5 55 76 2.2 4.0 0.6 C L F C 5 56 21 0.5 0.5 1.0 C L F C 5 57 67 4.4 3.9 1.1 59 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F C 5 58 134 12.2 20.4 0.6 C L F C 5 59 100 40.8 7.6 5.4 C L F C 5 60 136 3.1 15.8 0.2 C L F C 5 61 95 53.6 6.9 7.8 C L F C 5 62 61 0.5 2.9 0.2 C L F C 5 63 88 12.6 5.8 2.2 C L F T 4 1 94 20.3 11.4 1.8 C L F T 4 2 99 7.0 7.6 0.9 C L F T 4 3 84 0.6 5.2 0.1 C L F T 4 4 42 4.0 1.4 2.9 C L F T 4 5 45 0.6 1.6 0.4 C L F T 4 6 78 0.7 5.0 0.1 C L F T 4 7 25 60.1 0.4 150.3 C L F T 4 8 143 106.0 17.6 6.0 C L F T 4 9 44 1.3 1.7 0.8 C L F T 4 10 120 0.7 18.9 0.0 C L F T 4 11 54 1.2 2.2 0.5 C L F T 4 12 46 0.0 1.7 0.0 C L F T 4 13 80 0.6 4.9 0.1 C L F T 4 14 44 0.8 1.6 0.5 C L F T 4 15 51 2.7 2.0 1.4 C L F T 4 16 48 0.4 1.8 0.2 C L F T 4 17 170 6.3 34.5 0.2 C L F T 4 19 49 6.7 2.8 2.4 C L F T 4 20 72 0.0 6.2 0.0 C L F T 4 21 60 7.6 3.9 1.9 60 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F T 4 22 159 21.5 19.4 1.1 C L F T 4 23 56 105.7 2.8 37.8 C L F T 4 24 36 0.0 1.1 0.0 C L F T 4 25 44 11.0 1.5 7.3 C L F T 4 26 57 8.3 2.5 3.3 C L F T 4 27 43 1.7 1.5 1.1 C L F T 4 28 89 1.8 6.0 0.3 C L F T 4 29 76 4.5 4.1 1.1 C L F T 4 30 50 14.2 3.1 4.6 C L F T 4 31 75 4.0 7.4 0.5 C L F T 4 32 91 2.6 6.6 0.4 C L F T 4 33 67 5.9 3.4 1.7 C L F T 4 34 58 25.7 3.5 7.3 C L F T 4 35 48 5.4 1.5 3.6 C L F T 4 36 38 41.2 1.3 31.7 C L F T 4 37 83 0.0 4.4 0.0 C L F T 4 38 45 7.3 1.8 4.1 C L F T 4 39 133 2.4 17.0 0.1 C L F T 4 40 61 2.1 4.6 0.5 C L F T 4 41 52 9.3 2.1 4.4 C L F T 4 42 42 6.5 1.9 3.4 C L F T 4 43 60 21.7 2.8 7.8 C L F T 4 44 105 56.1 13.8 4.1 C L F T 4 45 50 25.3 2.1 12.0 C L F T 4 46 76 0.0 4.4 0.0 C L F T 4 47 85 0.0 5.4 0.0 61 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio ("1) (in) C L F T 4 48 57 0.1 2.5 0.0 C L F T 4 49 83 3.6 5.2 0.7 C L F T 5 1 33 22.8 0.9 25.3 C L F T 5 2 65 1.5 5.6 0.3 C L F T 5 3 87 8.9 9.8 0.9 C L F T 5 4 45 4.9 2.6 1.9 C L F T 5 5 46 0.3 1.7 0.2 C L F T 5 6 79 91.4 7.7 11.9 C L F T 5 7 70 2.9 5.5 0.5 C L F T 5 8 46 0.5 1.5 0.3 C L F T 5 9 48 2.2 2.7 0.8 C L F T 5 10 41 0.2 1.8 0.1 C L F T 5 11 56 0.5 3.3 0.2 C L F T 5 12 129 3.8 14.2 0.3 C L F T 5 13 91 0.0 7.5 0.0 C L F T 5 15 76 0.0 6.1 0.0 C L F T 5 16 60 3.7 2.7 1.4 C L F T 5 17 98 0.4 8.1 0.0 C L F T 5 18 88 31.5 6.2 5.1 C L F T 5 19 71 5.4 6.5 0.8 C L F T 5 20 34 0.2 1.5 0.1 C L F T 5 21 107 0.7 8.9 0.1 c 'L F T 5 22 31 0.4 1.3 0.3 C L F T 5 23 76 0.3 5.4 0.1 C L F T 5 24 42 0.3 1.3 0.2 C L F T 5 25 65 1.0 5.3 0.2 62 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L F T 5 26 57 0.0 3.0 0.0 C L F T 5 27 86 2.3 7.5 0.3 C L F T 5 28 51 0.6 2.7 0.2 C L F T 5 29 50 2.0 2.3 0.9 C L F T 5 30 76 3.0 4.5 0.7 C L F T 5 31 77 31.0 4.3 7.2 C L F T 5 32 88 0.0 7.3 0.0 C L F T 5 33 76 16.8 4.4 3.8 C L F T 5 34 117 5.4 11.0 0.5 C L F T 5 36 64 5.6 3.3 1.7 C L F T 5 37 121 12.3 11.1 1.1 C L F T 5 38 41 15.0 1.4 10.7 C L F T 5 39 74 4.9 4.1 1.2 C L P C 4 2 33 0.0 1.4 0.0 C L P C 4 3 125 7.2 11.7 0.6 C L P C 4 4 92 1.1 6.7 0.2 C L P C 4 5 137 87.2 14.2 6.1 C L P C 4 6 40 0.0 1.2 0.0 C L P C 4 7 68 85.6 5.5 15.6 C L P C 4 8 42 0.0 2.1 0.0 C L P C 4 9 190 65.1 43.6 1.5 C L P C 4 10 62 2.5 3.8 0.7 C L P C 4 11 134 0.1 18.7 0.0 C L P C 4 12 77 5.1 5.4 0.9 C L P C 4 13 87 4.1 5.5 0.7 C L P C 4 14 83 0.0 6.6 0.0 63 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P C 4 15 87 10.0 6.1 1.6 C L P C 4 16 132 25.6 21.2 1.2 C L P C 4 17 67 92.4 2.9 31.9 C L P C 4 18 .109 0.6 11.1 0.1 C L P C 4 19 30 0.5 0.7 0.7 C L P C 4 20 55 6.5 4.0 1.6 C L P C 4 21 43 2.6 2.5 1.0 C L P C 4 22 93 0.0 5.8 0.0 C L P C 4 23 64 0.0 3.4 0.0 C L P C 4 24 24 0.2 0.4 0.5 C L P C 4 25 119 4.8 10.9 0.4 C L P C 4 26 289 40.3 89.2 0.5 C L P C 4 27 89 78.6 6.1 12.9 C L P C 4 28 110 0.4 9.1 0.0 C L P C 4 29 82 0.6 5.2 0.1 C L P C 4 30 81 0.0 8.1 0.0 C L P C 4 31 77 0.4 4.6 0.1 C L P C 4 32 85 0.5 5.6 0.1 C L P C 4 33 63 0.2 4.6 0.0 C L P C 4 34 49 0.6 2.9 0.2 C L P C 4 35 103 0.2 12.9 0.0 C L P C 4 36 113 3.0 15.5 0.2 C L P C 4 37 96 0.2 11.2 0.0 C L P C 4 38 56 0.5 3.7 0.1 C L P C 4 39 55 0.6 3.7 0.2 C L P C 4 40 74 0.7 6.7 0.1 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P C 4 41 69 0.3 3.6 0.1 C L P C 4 42 92 0.2 10.3 0.0 C L P C 4 43 64 0.2 5.0 0.0 C L P C 4 44 61 1.8 2.9 0.6 C L P C 4 45 61 0.2 4.6 0.0 C L P C 4 46 77 2.8 4.5 0.6 C L P C 4 47 63 10.6 3.1 3.4 C L P C 4 48 134 10.6 13.7 0.8 C L P C 4 49 103 15.9 10.1 1.6 C L P C 4 50 199 21.0 44.1 0.5 C L P C 4 51 74 4.8 5.6 0.9 C L P C 4 52 177 22.0 30.5 0.7 C L P C 4 53 88 4.1 7.6 0.5 C L P C 4 54 131 41.9 18.4 2.3 C L P C 4 55 72 4.9 6.4 0.8 C L P C 4 56 188 0.0 29.3 0.0 C L P C 4 57 124 1.8 14.6 0.1 C L P C 4 58 50 0.0 1.8 0.0 C L P C 4 59 65 0.0 4.1 0.0 C L P C 4 60 68 8.9 3.7 2.4 C L P C 4 61 110 4.3 11.6 0.4 C L P C 4 62 75 2.5 4.3 0.6 C L P C 4 63 75 0.2 4.4 0.0 C L P C 4 64 145 36.2 17.2 2.1 C L P C 4 65 63 0.2 2.9 0.1 C L P C 4 66 53 0.0 2.4 0.0 65 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P C 5 1 77 0.0 4.4 0.0 C L P C 5 2 98 8.7 7.1 1.2 C L P C 5 3 106 0.4 8.0 0.1 C L P C 5 4 64 0.2 3.8 0.1 C L P C 5 5 47 0.2 2.7 0.1 C L P C 5 6 20 58.8 0.3 196.0 C L P C 5 7 116 1.4 14.6 0.1 C L P C 5 8 175 0.0 34.4 0.0 C L P C 5 9 84 0.0 7.2 0.0 C L P C 5 10 156 8.3 25.6 0.3 C L P C 5 11 209 0.5 38.5 0.0 C L P C 5 12 81 20.8 5.1 4.1 C L P C 5 13 111 15.7 9.8 1.6 C L P C 5 14 144 32.3 15.4 2.1 C L P C 5 15 123 16.5 16.1 1.0 C L P C 5 16 40 3.4 2.0 1.7 C L P C 5 17 63 0.9 4.4 0.2 C L P C 5 18 151 0.0 23.4 0.0 C L P C 5 19 90 24.5 6.0 4.1 C L P C 5 20 128 0.0 13.2 0.0 C L P C 5 21 98 24.2 8.6 2.8 C L P C 5 22 184 1.2 29.0 0.0 C L P C 5 23 101 1.9 6.5 0.3 C L P C 5 24 95 0.0 5.8 0.0 C L P C 5 25 115 0.2 16.0 0.0 C L P C 5 26 89 0.2 9.5 0.0 66 pendix A Shock event data File Velocity change DrOp Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P C 5 27 111 18.8 7.9 2.4 C L P C 5 28 71 5.5 3.2 1.7 C L P C 5 29 137 0.4 12.1 0.0 C L P C 5 30 93 0.0 6.5 0.0 C L P C 5 33 221 45.2 37.8 1.2 C L P C 5 34 269 83.1 60.3 1.4 C L P C 5 35 72 0.0 3.7 0.0 C L P C 5 36 110 14.2 11.4 1.2 C L P C 5 37 144 37.5 15.5 2.4 C L P C 5 38 94 28.8 11.1 2.6 C L P C 5 39 76 0.0 5.0 0.0 C L P C 5 40 120 0.0 11.0 0.0 C L P C 5 41 149 11.4 16.7 0.7 C L P C 5 42 61 0.0 4.0 0.0 C L P C 5 43 205 32.6 46.3 0.7 C L P C 5 44 49 9.6 2.2 4.4 C L P C 5 45 76 16.2 5.5 2.9 C L P C 5 47 50 39.6 1.9 20.8 C L P C 5 48 76 48.1 4.4 10.9 C L P C 5 49 103 3.0 9.7 0.3 C L P C 5 50 88 0.0 7.0 0.0 C L P C 5 51 69 3.5 3.6 1.0 C L P C 5 52 80 2.5 5.6 0.4 C L P C 5 53 61 1.6 2.8 0.6 C L P T 3 1 90 3.7 6.1 0.6 C L P T 3 2 85 1.5 6.4 0.2 I -n‘ .- 67 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P T 3 3 89 0.2 6.0 0.0 C L P T 3 5 161 23.9 19.6 1.2 C L P T 3 7 175 48.3 38.2 1.3 C L P T 3 8 99 20.3 7.5 2.7 C L P T 3 9 79 1.2 8.4 0.1 C L P T 3 10 54 6.6 2.2 3.0 C L P T 3 11 62 0.8 3.5 0.2 C L P T 3 12 55 0.3 2.4 0.1 C L P T 3 13 75 22.6 6.0 3.8 C L P T 3 14 83 0.0 7.3 0.0 C L P T 3 15 96 2.0 7.5 0.3 C L P T 3 16 77 11.8 4.8 2.5 C L P T 3 17 175 18.3 23.6 0.8 C L P T 3 18 200 14.0 47.8 0.3 C L P T 3 19 122 65.6 11.1 5.9 C L P T 3 20 97 0.0 7.2 0.0 C L P T 3 21 65 0.4 5.0 0.1 C L P T 3 23 59 11.3 2.6 4.3 C L P T 3 24 54 0.0 2.7 0.0 C L P T 3 25 77 0.0 4.5 0.0 C L P T 3 26 43 0.0 1.5 0.0 C L P T 3 27 73 8.6 7.0 1.2 C L P T 3 28 48 0.0 2.7 0.0 C L P T 3 29 56 0.0 2.3 0.0 C L P T 3 30 81 0.0 4.9 0.0 C L P T 3 31 87 0.3 5.7 0.1 I — 68 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P T 3 32 131 15.5 20.0 0.8 C L P T 3 33 89 1.1 7.0 0.2 C L P T 3 34 144 15.1 15.9 0.9 C L P T 3 35 85 4.7 6.4 0.7 C L P T 3 36 112 52.4 10.6 4.9 C L P T 3 37 51 1.4 2.1 0.7 C L P T 3 38 57 0.0 3.2 0.0 C L P T 3 39 78 9.6 5.6 1.7 C L P T 3 40 42 0.0 1.4 0.0 C L P T 3 41 51 6.7 2.0 3.4 C L P T 3 42 128 0.0 14.5 0.0 C L P T 3 44 36 1.0 1.0 1.0 C L P T 3 45 117 16.0 10.2 1.6 C L P T 3 46 81 7.5 5.1 1.5 C L P T 3 48 70 7.4 6.3 1.2 C L P T 3 49 71 0.4 3.8 0.1 C L P T 4 1 35 1.9 0.9 2.1 C L P T 4 2 82 0.2 5.9 0.0 C L P T 4 3 39 0.0 1.1 0.0 C L P T 4 4 50 4.9 2.0 2.5 C L P T 4 5 71 0.0 4.4 0.0 C L P T 4 7 82 13.5 8.2 1.6 C L P T 4 8 132 25.3 14.9 1.7 C L P T 4 9 70 0.4 3.9 0.1 C L P T 4 10 158 63.6 19.5 3.3 C L P T 4 11 110 22.7 8.1 2.8 69 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P T 4 12 36 15.3 1.0 15.3 C L P T 4 13 80 0.0 6.0 0.0 C L P T 4 14 224 28.0 40.9 0.7 C L P T 4 15 64 0.9 5.4 0.2 C L P T 4 16 281 21.7 60.2 0.4 C L P T 4 18 121 0.7 15.8 0.0 C L P T 4 19 78 0.1 6.1 0.0 C L P T 4 20 117 12.2 10.9 1.1 C L P T 4 21 148 11.2 16.5 0.7 C L P T 4 22 65 0.0 3.6 0.0 C L P T 4 23 42 8.8 1.4 6.3 C L P T 4 25 115 1.0 10.5 0.1 C L P T 4 26 89 8.3 6.6 1.3 C L P T 4 27 117 0.0 10.2 0.0 C L P T 4 28 56 0.3 2.3 0.1 C L P T 4 29 64 0.9 3.1 0.3 C L P T 4 30 50 0.0 1.9 0.0 C L P T 4 31 113 0.2 12.1 0.0 C L P T 4 32 87 0.0 5.0 0.0 C L P T 4 33 179 0.0 24.3 0.0 C L P T 4 34 80 3.4 7.6 0.4 C L P T 4 35 81 8.9 7.5 1.2 C L P T 4 36 131 0.0 15.1 0.0 C L P T 4 37 48 0.8 2.8 0.3 C L P T 4 38 98 7.1 11.0 0.6 C L P T 4 39 59 0.0 4.5 0.0 70 Apgndix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (if!) C L P T 4 40 169 21.5 31.6 0.7 C L P T 4 41 40 0.0 1.2 0.0 C L P T 4 42 85 0.9 6.4 0.1 C L P T 4 43 83 6.7 5.4 1.2 C L P T 4 44 57 0.0 2.5 0.0 C L P T 4 45 138 69.9 13.0 5.4 C L P T 4 48 95 34.7 7.1 4.9 C L P T 4 49 57 4.9 2.1 2.3 C L P T 4 50 191 0.3 28.1 0.0 C L P T 4 51 53 1.3 2.6 0.5 C L P T 4 52 89 2.3 6.4 0.4 C L P T 4 53 52 3.1 2.1 1.5 C L P T 5 1 141 0.4 14.9 0.0 C L P T 5 2 44 0.0 1.5 0.0 C L P T 5 3 73 6.8 4.3 1.6 C L P T 5 4 99 9.0 8.0 1.1 C L P T 5 5 151 93.0 18.0 5.2 C L P T 5 6 178 66.3 21.2 3.1 C L P T 5 7 186 31.5 37.2 0.8 C L P T 5 8 112 98.4 9.9 9.9 C L P T 5 9 85 0.0 8.0 0.0 C L P T 5 10 219 29.1 33.1 0.9 C L P T 5 11 95 0.0 8.8 0.0 C L P T 5 12 76 0.0 3.9 0.0 C L P T 5 13 157 89.8 21.6 4.2 C L P T 5 14 162 95.4 19.6 4.9 71 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C L P T 5 15 62 0.0 3.1 0.0 C L P T 5 16 38 0.2 1.0 0.2 C L P T 5 17 55 10.3 2.3 4.5 C L P T 5 18 102 0.0 7.8 0.0 C L P T 5 19 59 0.0 3.8 0.0 C L P T 5 20 48 6.4 2.1 3.0 C L P T 5 21 105 0.0 8.3 0.0 C L P T 5 22 148 23.1 26.9 0.9 C L P T 5 23 85 6.6 6.7 1.0 C L P T 5 24 120 0.2 14.9 0.0 C L P T 5 25 109 10.9 11.5 0.9 C L P T 5 26 166 22.4 23.4 1.0 C L P T 5 27 59 0.0 4.0 0.0 C L P T 5 28 74 0.0 4.7 0.0 C L P T 5 29 66 0.0 3.9 0.0 C L P T 5 30 57 12.6 2.5 5.0 C L P T 5 31 84 0.0 5.4 0.0 C L P T 5 32 56 9.3 3.3 2.8 C L P T 5 33 45 6.5 1.5 4.3 C L P T 5 34 92 0.5 6.9 0.1 C L P T 5 35 90 93.5 7.8 12.0 C L P T 5 36 64 0.0 3.3 0.0 C L P T 5 37 69 11.5 3.8 3.0 C L P T 5 38 60 54.6 3.1 17.6 C L P T 5 39 93 0.0 7.7 0.0 C U F C 1 1 79 48.6 5.3 9.2 72 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F C 1 2 97 5.8 7.3 0.8 C U F C 1 3 61 0.0 2.9 0.0 C U F C 1 4 96 27.7 8.4 3.3 C U F C 1 5 29 0.8 0.8 1.0 C U F C 1 6 37 0.2 1.1 0.2 C U F C 1 7 37 2.3 1.1 2.1 C U F C 1 8 70 10.6 3.8 2.8 C U F C 1 9 109 82.0 7.6 10.8 C U F C 1 10 74 3.7 4.2 0.9 C U F C 1 11 40 2.9 1.4 2.1 C U F C 1 12 50 0.4 3.3 0.1 C U F C 1 13 34 2.1 1.5 1.4 C U F C 1 14 95 0.7 7.0 0.1 C U F C 1 15 53 24.9 2.1 11.9 C Ul F C 1 16 39 2.3 1.2 1.9 C U F C 1 17 24 3.7 0.4 9.3 C U F C 1 18 39 0.0 1.4 0.0 C U F C 1 19 132 10.6 12.9 0.8 C U F C 1 20 218 43.7 36.8 1.2 C U F C 1 21 24 3.7 0.4 9.3 C U F C 1 22 48 0.6 1.8 0.3 C U F C 1 23 63 10.7 3.1 3.5 C U F C 1 24 60 0.6 3.0 0.2 C U F C 1 26 127 0.0 15.2 0.0 C U F C 1 27 79 98.1 4.8 20.4 C U F C 1 28 236 45.4 39.3 1.2 73 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F C 1 29 45 0.0 1.3 0.0 C U F C 1 30 133 14.2 21.2 0.7 C U F C 1 31 45 1.6 2.3 0.7 C U F C 1 32 27 40.1 0.9 44.6 C U F C 1 33 37 1.7 1.7 1.0 C U F C 1 34 38 0.8 1.8 0.4 C U F C 1 35 73 4.1 5.6 0.7 C U F C 1 36 53 12.1 3.7 3.3 C U F C 1 37 75 0.6 3.8 0.2 C U F C 1 38 88 4.4 9.3 0.5 C U F C 1 39 35 5.2 1.5 3.5 C U F C 1 40 33 0.0 1.5 0.0 C U F C 1 41 102 33.2 12.0 2.8 C U F C 1 42 49 0.9 2.6 0.3 C U F C 1 43 37 0.8 1.2 0.7 C U F C 1 44 81 1.5 4.8 0.3 C U F C 1 45 43 1.5 2.1 0.7 C U F C 1 46 36 0.0 1.7 0.0 C U F C 1 47 72 39.1 4.9 8.0 C U F C 1 48 73 7.6 4.2 1.8 C U F C 1 49 46 1.5 1.7 0.9 C U F C 1 50 53 3.0 2.7 1.1 C U F C 1 51 89 1.0 6.0 0.2 C U F C 1 52 121 0.5 11.2 0.0 C U F C 2 1 33 63.8 0.9 70.9 C U F C 2 2 64 0.3 5.3 0.1 74 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F C 2 3 127 0.0 12.4 0.0 C U F C 2 4 62 0.3 2.5 0.1 C U F C 2 5 86 45.8 7.3 6.3 C U F C 2 6 74 32.1 4.8 6.7 C U F C 2 7 40 0.3 2.0 0.2 C U F C 2 8 89 10.7 10.0 1.1 C U F C 2 9 55 3.9 3.6 1.1 C U F C 2 10 63 1.1 2.9 0.4 C U F C 2 11 52 4.8 3.4 1.4 C U F C 2 12 67 3.9 5.6 0.7 C U F C 2 13 95 2.0 6.5 0.3 C U F C 2 14 182 2.5 25.1 0.1 C U F C 2 15 93 41.7 6.7 6.2 C U F C 2 16 46 0.0 1.6 0.0 C U F C 2 17 36 47.3 1.0 47.3 C U F C 2 18 110 0.0 9.0 0.0 C U F C 2 19 177 54.8 33.1 1.7 C U F C 2 20 51 1.1 2.4 0.5 C U F C 2 21 87 46.2 6.9 6.7 C U F C 2 22 81 7.3 5.1 1.4 C U F C 2 23 74 73.2 4.1 17.9 C U F C 2 24 67 0.0 3.3 0.0 C U F C 2 25 94 0.0 6.6 0.0 C U F C 2 26 114 0.0 10.6 0.0 C U F C 2 27 88 85.3 5.8 14.7 C U F C 2 28 79 0.0 7.6 0.0 75 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C UI F C 2 29 49 1.8 1.7 1.1 C U F C 2 30 84 5.4 4.7 1.1 C U F C 2 31 81 3.6 4.7 0.8 C U F C 2 32 69 4.9 3.8 1.3 C U F C 2 33 99 0.3 8.3 0.0 C U F C 2 34 45 0.0 2.2 0.0 C U F C 2 35 53 95.9 2.5 38.4 C U F C 2 36 76 1.5 7.3 0.2 C U F C 2 37 48 7.1 1.8 3.9 C U F C 2 38 58 1.5 2.8 0.5 C U F C 2 39 57 0.0 2.7 0.0 C U F C 2 40 103 0.0 12.1 0.0 C U F C 2 41 86 11.5 6.1 1.9 C U F C 2 42 116 10.0 11.1 0.9 C U F C 2 43 62 0.0 3.0 0.0 C U F C 2 44 75 0.0 4.2 0.0 C U F C 2 45 124 0.0 12.0 0.0 C U F C 2 46 53 0.0 2.2 0.0 C U F C 3 1 116 77.6 10.2 7.6 C U F C 3 2 54 0.0 3.8 0.0 C U F C 3 3 90 8.4 6.2 1.4 C U F C 3 4 78 43.4 6.7 6.5 C U F C 3 5 43 0.6 2.3 0.3 C U F C 3 6 53 0.1 2.2 0.0 C U F C 3 7 49 1.3 1.9 0.7 C U F C 3 8 103 9.0 8.4 1.1 76 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F C 3 9 31 0.4 1.2 0.3 C U F C 3 10 64 0.0 3.3 0.0 C U F C 3 11 109 2.1 10.5 0.2 C U F C 3 12 40 1.0 1.5 0.7 C U F C 3 13 76 4.1 4.3 1.0 C U F C 3 14 54 2.7 3.0 0.9 C U F C 3 15 226 14.2 66.7 0.2 C U F C 3 16 49 9.8 2.1 4.7 C U F C 3 17 58 13.5 3.0 4.5 C U F C 3 18 122 16.2 11.9 1.4 C U F C 3 19 182 43.4 29.7 1.5 C U F C 3 20 100 17.0 10.1 1.7 C U F C 3 21 49 0.9 1.7 0.5 C U F C 3 22 107 10.1 8.7 1.2 C U F C 3 23 39 69.9 1.2 58.2 C U F C 3 24 86 9.4 5.6 1.7 C U F C 3 25 61 5.1 3.3 1.5 C U F C 3 26 36 14.8 1.1 13.5 C U F C 3 27 151 0.1 16.9 0.0 C U F C 3 28 41 0.3 1.5 0.2 C U F C 3 29 58 2.7 4.2 0.6 C U F C 3 30 51 1.2 3.5 0.3 C U F C 3 31 73 5.4 6.4 0.8 C U F C 3 32 71 0.3 6.4 0.0 C U F C 3 33 76 6.0 7.5 0.8 C U F C 3 34 68 5.3 6.0 0.9 77 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F C 3 35 84 0.2 5.4 0.0 C U F C 3 36 40 0.5 1.2 0.4 C U F C 3 37 54 6.6 2.4 2.8 C U F C 3 38 66 3.0 3.5 0.9 C U F C 3 39 100 13.2 7.5 1.8 C U F C 3 40 63 0.3 3.3 0.1 C U F T 1 1 83 4.5 5.2 0.9 C U F T 1 2 102 13.3 8.5 1.6 C U F T 1 3 115 54.4 11.5 4.7 C U F T 1 4 34 5.4 0.9 6.0 C U F T 1 5 32 0.3 0.8 0.4 C U F T 1 6 29 1.4 0.7 2.0 C U F T 1 7 81 11.2 5.2 2.2 C U F T 1 8 39 3.0 1.2 2.5 C U F T 1 9 67 3.1 3.4 0.9 C U F T 1 10 36 7.7 1.0 7.7 C U F T 1 11 70 9.9 4.1 2.4 C U F T 1 12 113 12.5 9.6 1.3 C U F T 1 13 52 1.0 2.5 0.4 C U F T 1 14 64 0.4 3.4 0.1 C U F T 1 15 56 14.6 2.7 5.4 C U F T 1 16 51 1.4 2.5 0.6 C U F T 1 17 71 59.2 5.1 11.6 C U F T 1 18 47 1.5 1.8 0.8 C U F T 1 19 54 2.7 2.5 1.1 C U F T 1 20 42 0.3 1.6 0.2 78 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero.G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F T 1 21 61 1.1 3.2 0.3 C U F T 1 22 48 0.6 2.1 0.3 C U F T 1 23 43 0.1 1.7 0.1 C U F T 1 24 183 8.4 23.8 0.4 C U F T 1 25 106 8.2 9.2 0.9 C U F T 1 26 76 1.1 5.3 0.2 C U F T 1 27 91 0.4 6.3 0.1 C U F T 1 28 90 0.0 6.0 0.0 C UI F T 1 29 122 4.2 11.4 0.4 C U F T 1 30 92 0.0 6.6 0.0 C U F T 1 31 68 1.3 3.7 0.4 C U F T 1 32 97 16.1 9.8 1.6 C U F T 1 33 135 6.7 14.1 0.5 C U F T 1 34 45 92.7 1.9 48.8 C U F T 1 35 142 62.7 25.7 2.4 C U F T 1 36 63 3.1 2.7 1.1 C U F T 1 37 44 0.2 1.4 0.1 C U F T 1 38 39 1.6 1.7 0.9 C U F T 1 39 48 6.8 2.8 2.4 C U F T 1 40 37 0.3 1.6 0.2 C U F T 1 41 71 9.0 3.3 2.7 C U F T 1 42 42 2.6 1.2 2.2 C U F T 1 43 76 0.6 4.5 0.1 C U F T 1 44 58 11.1 2.3 4.8 C U F T 1 45 92 7.0 6.4 1.1 C U F T 1 46 77 3.8 4.7 0.8 79 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C UI F T 1 47 75 1.5 5.5 0.3 C U F T 1 48 52 0.2 3.5 0.1 C U F T 1 49 60 94.0 2.3 40.9 C U F T 1 50 122 0.2 11.3 0.0 C U F T 1 51 51 4.6 2.0 2.3 C U F T 1 52 132 0.5 13.3 0.0 C Ul F T 1 55 69 6.7 4.0 1.7 C U F T 1 56 22 22.3 0.6 37.2 C U F T 1 57 92 7.8 6.6 1.2 0 ul F T 1 58 67 11.7 3.4 3.4 C U F T 2 1 197 0.0 27.5 0.0 C U F T 2 2 127 4.5 14.1 0.3 C U F T 2 3 44 0.5 1.3 0.4 0 oh F T 2 4 33 0.5 0.8 0.5 C UI F T 2 5 73 0.2 3.4 0.1 C UI F T 2 6 47 3.2 2.6 1.2 C UI F T 2 7 86 0.2 8.9 0.0 C UI F T 2 8 75 3.5 6.4 0.5 C U F T 2 9 66 3.9 5.2 0.8 C Ul F T 2 10 89 11.4 9.4 1.2 C UI F T 2 11 71 13.0 5.8 2.2 C U F T 2 12 50 0.0 2.9 0.0 C U) F T 2 13 71 0.2 5.2 0.0 C Ul F T 2 14 37 3.2 1.7 1.9 C UIF T 2 15 40 5.6 1.9 2.9 C U F T 2 16 40 0.4 1.3 0.3 80 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F T 2 17 71 6.0 3.8 1.6 C U F T 2 18 52 22.0 3.3 6.7 C U F T 2 19 59 0.2 2.7 0.1 C U F T 2 20 71 0.9 4.2 0.2 C U F T 2 21 63 1.1 3.2 0.3 C U F T 2 22 94 1.6 6.4 0.3 C U F T 2 23 51 0.1 2.7 0.0 C U F T 2 24 40 0.9 1.5 0.6 C U F T 2 25 57 0.4 2.5 0.2 C U F T 2 26 95 12.6 6.6 1.9 C U F T 2 27 169 5.4 24.3 0.2 C U F T 2 28 57 5.8 2.6 2.2 C U F T 2 29 50 0.0 2.0 0.0 C UI F T 2 30 109 8.7 9.1 1.0 C U F T 2 31 117 3.9 16.5 0.2 C U F T 2 32 47 34.9 1.7 20.5 C U] F T 2 33 56 0.0 2.5 0.0 C U] F T 2 34 42 3.6 1.3 2.8 C U] F T 2 35 137 12.7 17.4 0.7 C UI F T 2 36 134 44.1 13.6 3.2 C U F T 2 37 119 16.7 11.3 1.5 C U] F T 2 38 64 98.4 3.1 31.7 C UI F T 2 39 119 1.0 18.7 0.1 C U F T 2 40 69 0.0 4.1 0.0 C U F T 2 41 98 61.8 10.6 5.8 C U F T 2 42 48 5.0 2.6 1.9 81 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F T 2 43 57 6.5 3.5 1.9 C U F T 2 44 77 3.4 7.0 0.5 C U F T 2 45 51 0.3 2.2 0.1 C U F T 2 46 39 7.4 1.5 4.9 C U F T 2 47 83 5.3 4.8 1.1 C U F T 2 48 76 22.0 5.8 3.8 C U F T 2 49 30 0.7 1.1 0.6 C U F T 2 50 58 0.0 2.5 0.0 C U F T 2 51 130 3.6 13.0 0.3 C U F T 2 52 46 0.0 2.8 0.0 C U F T 2 53 38 10.9 1.3 8.4 C U F T 2 54 67 6.4 4.4 1.5 C U F T 2 55 97 8.1 8.1 1.0 C U F T 2 56 113 6.1 12.8 0.5 C U F T 2 57 76 1.1 6.6 0.2 C U F T 2 58 55 1.2 2.3 0.5 C U F T 2 59 120 19.2 10.5 1.8 C U F T 2 60 51 0.0 2.0 0.0 C U F T 2 61 72 29.1 4.3 6.8 C U F T 2 62 75 5.3 7.3 0.7 C U F T 2 63 45 3.6 1.9 1.9 C U F T 2 64 93 1.5 6.6 0.2 C U F T 2 65 76 31.3 4.4 7.1 C U F T 3 1 82 45.0 5.9 7.6 C U F T 3 2 164 0.0 20.3 0.0 C U F T 3 3 55 0.3 2.3 0.1 In. F L . IIhr.l.I LIILr IIL 82 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F T 3 4 58 1.6 2.7 0.6 C U F T 3 5 69 4.3 3.7 1.2 C U F T 3 6 82 0.1 5.4 0.0 C U F T 3 7 63 1.7 3.3 0.5 C U F T 3 8 90 3.7 6.9 0.5 C U F T 3 9 60 0.0 2.8 0.0 C U F T 3 10 94 0.2 7.3 0.0 C U F T 3 11 34 2.0 1.4 1.4 C U F T 3 12 68 11.3 5.7 2.0 C U F T 3 13 95 16.9 7.0 2.4 C U F T 3 14 56 0.0 2.2 0.0 C U F T 3 15 97 80.0 10.3 7.8 C UI F T 3 16 41 0.0 1.8 0.0 C U F T 3 17 54 3.6 3.0 1.2 C U F T 3 18 33 0.0 1.4 0.0 C U F T 3 19 55 0.7 3.9 0.2 C U F T 3 20 50 12.2 2.0 6.1 C U F T 3 21 56 0.2 2.4 0.1 C U F T 3 22 58 10.7 3.9 2.7 C U F T 3 23 65 1.4 4.2 0.3 C U F T 3 24 105 4.8 8.7 0.6 C U F T 3 25 40 0.0 1.3 0.0 C U F T 3 26 129 23.0 13.0 1.8 C U F T 3 27 120 24.5 12.7 1.9 C U F T 3 28 21 0.3 0.6 0.5 C U F T 3 29 57 5.4 2.6 2.1 83 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U F T 3 30 26 24.2 0.5 48.4 C U F T 3 31 66 7.9 3.3 2.4 C U F T 3 32 59 98.1 2.6 37.7 C U F T 3 33 147 0.6 16.5 0.0 C U F T 3 34 99 0.0 11.2 0.0 C U F T 3 35 120 10.1 17.3 0.6 C U F T 3 36 53 3.3 3.3 1.0 C U F T 3 37 40 3.5 1.8 1.9 C U F T 3 38 84 0.5 5.3 0.1 C U F T 3 39 75 35.2 7.5 4.7 C U F T 3 40 71 92.2 6.7 13.8 C U F T 3 41 62 25.6 3.7 6.9 C U F T 3 42 53 0.3 2.2 0.1 C U F T 3 43 63 33.2 3.2 10.4 C U F T 3 44 85 0.1 8.9 0.0 C U F T 3 45 75 1.9 5.2 0.4 C U F T 3 46 34 0.5 1.2 0.4 C U F T 3 47 105 2.1 11.2 0.2 C U F T 3 48 106 27.9 11.4 2.4 C U F T 3 49 42 3.1 1.5 2.1 C U F T 3 50 63 7.3 5.1 1.4 C U F T 3 51 106 28.2 9.4 3.0 C U| F T 3 52 67 3.2 3.3 1.0 C UI F T 3 53 48 0.0 2.2 0.0 C U P C 1 1 86 0.0 5.8 0.0 C U P C 1 2 106 0.2 8.7 0.0 84 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero—G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U P C 1 3 72 0.3 3.9 0.1 C U P C 1 4 43 0.0 1.4 0.0 C U P C 1 5 106 30.0 9.8 3.1 C U P C 1 6 111 2.8 12.5 0.2 C U P C 1 7 78 0.4 7.0 0.1 C U P C 1 8 126 22.7 18.2 1.2 C U P C 1 9 62 5.9 3.7 1.6 C U P C 1 10 79 9.9 6.4 1.5 C U P C 1 11 176 13.9 29.6 0.5 C U P C 1 12 89 4.1 7.3 0.6 C U P C 1 13 94 12.1 7.3 1.7 C U P C 1 14 173 37.2 19.5 1.9 C U P C 1 15 94 0.2 6.8 0.0 C U P C 1 16 119 14.9 16.0 0.9 C U P C 1 17 73 0.4 5.0 0.1 C U P C 1 18 35 4.6 1.1 4.2 C U P C 1 19 48 3.3 1.7 1.9 C U P C 1 20 50 7.7 1.8 4.3 C U P C 1 21 124 7.0 11.5 0.6 C U P C 1 22 62 4.9 3.0 1.6 C U P C 1 23 137 35.4 14.2 2.5 C U P C 1 24 55 0.0 2.3 0.0 C U P C 1 25 55 0.2 4.0 0.1 C U P C 1 26 49 0.2 1.8 0.1 C U P C 1 27 100 66.5 7.5 8.9 C U P C 1 28 67 4.8 3.6 1.3 85 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (iri) C Ul P C 1 29 68 5.9 3.4 1.7 C U] P C 1 30 103 7.3 8.1 0.9 C Ul P C 2 1 140 0.6 14.2 0.0 C U] P C 2 2 13 0.2 0.1 2.0 0 ul P c 2 3 96 2.3 6.1 0.4 C U] P C 2 5 97 0.2 6.0 0.0 C U P C 2 6 143 14.6 23.9 0.6 C U P C 2 7 89 3.2 7.3 0.4 C U! P C 2 8 71 12.7 3.7 3.4 C U P C 2 9 99 1.2 8.5 0.1 C U P C 2 10 73 0.4 6.6 0.1 C U] P C 2 11 136 0.2 20.3 0.0 C UlP C 2 12 61 5.9 2.9 2.0 C UIP C 2 13 113 13.2 10.1 1.3 C U[ P C 2 14 158 16.7 17.1 1.0 C Ul P C 2 15 80 0.0 5.9 0.0 C UI P C 2 16 115 8.8 12.1 0.7 C IHP C 2 17 104 27.7 8.0 3.5 C U] P C 2 18 104 0.2 7.3 0.0 C U] P C 2 19 71 0.2 4.2 0.0 C UI P C 2 21 94 22.8 10.0 2.3 C UI P C 2 22 126 14.8 14.5 1.0 C UIP C 2 23 163 5.6 17.0 0.3 C U] P C 2 24 128 9.3 11.1 0.8 C Ul P C 2 25 63 0.0 2.7 0.0 c U] P c 2 28 44 14.6 1.5 9.7 86 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U P C 2 27 70 5.4 3.2 1.7 C U P C 2 28 102 0.3 6.8 0.0 C U P C 2 29 40 0.0 1.0 0.0 C U P C 2 30 85 4.9 4.5 1.1 C U P C 2 31 120 2.0 9.4 0.2 C U P C 2 32 52 0.2 2.1 0.1 C U P C 2 33 61 6.6 3.1 2.1 C U P C 2 34 70 13.3 5.0 2.7 C U P C 2 35 40 0.1 1.0 0.1 C U P C 2 36 104 12.3 6.9 1.8 C U P C 2 37 46 0.0 1.6 0.0 C U P C 2 38 86 0.7 5.7 0.1 C U P C 2 39 138 0.5 12.4 0.0 C U P C 2 40 17 15.9 0.3 53.0 C U P C 2 41 50 1.9 3.1 0.6 C U P C 2 42 119 3.3 14.9 0.2 C U P C 2 43 94 12.9 7.9 1.6 C U P C 2 44 76 4.7 4.7 1.0 C U P C 2 45 88 29.8 6.5 4.6 C U P C 2 46 66 0.0 3.6 0.0 C U P C 2 47 112 8.0 10.8 0.7 C U P C 2 48 66 10.0 3.4 2.9 C U P C 2 49 206 19.6 33.7 0.6 C U P C 2 50 53 0.0 2.0 0.0 C U P C 2 51 63 0.0 3.0 0.0 C U P C 2 52 232 0.3 57.8 0.0 87 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C Ul P C 2 53 103 98.1 7.1 13.8 C U] P C 2 55 74 20.1 4.8 4.2 c 0' P c 2 58 100 8.8 7.4 1.2 C UI P C 2 57 39 0.0 1.0 0.0 C U P C 2 58 106 7.1 7.2 1.0 C U P C 2 59 87 5.4 5.0 1.1 C JP C 2 60 64 39.6 3.1 12.8 C Ul P C 2 61 66 0.0 2.8 0.0 C UI P C 2 62 109 6.3 7.6 0.8 C U P C 2 63 95 9.9 7.6 1.3 C U P C 2 64 68 5.3 3.2 1.7 C U] P C 2 65 62 1.9 3.0 0.6 C J P C 2 66 98 0.4 6.1 0.1 C U P C 2 67 76 0.0 4.0 0.0 C U P C 3 1 85 0.0 5.2 0.0 C UI P C 3 2 116 1.4 10.6 0.1 C U P C 3 3 57 0.1 2.4 0.0 C U P C 3 4 152 49.4 19.9 2.5 C U P C 3 5 66 0.0 5.2 0.0 C U P C 3 6 187 29.1 29.2 1.0 C U P C 3 7 76 2.7 4.4 0.6 8 ul P c 3 8 83 15.0 5.2 2.9 C U P C 3 9 149 6.6 15.6 0.4 C U P C 3 10 77 1.6 7.1 0.2 C U P C 3 11 116 26.9 15.9 1.7 C U P C 3 12 31 0.9 1.1 0.8 88 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C UI P C 3 13 34 12.5 1.4 8.9 C U P C 3 14 56 8.7 4.2 2.1 C U P C 3 15 123 3.9 11.5 0.3 C U P C 3 16 126 13.0 12.5 1.0 C U] P C 3 17 40 0.0 1.2 0.0 C Ul P C 3 18 27 0.3 0.6 0.5 C U] P C 3 19 96 11.8 7.3 1.6 C Ul P C 3 20 74 9.2 4.6 2.0 C Ul P C 3 21 29 5.2 0.7 7.4 C UI P C 3 22 23 63.1 0.4 157.8 C U P C 3 23 115 42.6 9.9 4.3 C U P C 3 24 47 1.3 1.7 0.8 C U P C 3 25 121 5.4 10.9 0.5 C U P C 3 27 95 7.7 7.1 1.1 C UIP C 3 28 145 16.2 15.8 1.0 C UI P C 3 29 79 0.8 4.8 0.2 C U P C 3 30 38 94.6 1.1 86.0 C U P C 3 31 32 0.4 0.7 0.6 C U P C 3 32 54 9.4 2.1 4.5 C U P C 3 33 57 0.4 4.3 0.1 C U P C 3 34 , 103 9.6 7.5 1.3 c u] P c 3 35 107 33.1 8.7 3.8 C U] P C 3 36 174 24.5 31.1 0.8 C U] P C 3 37 97 3.5 10.1 0.3 C UI P C 3 38 113 28.6 10.4 2.8 C Ul P C 3 39 109 8.3 10.3 0.8 89 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C UI P C 3 40 207 29.4 41.8 0.7 C U P C 3 41 80 0.0 4.1 0.0 C U] P C 3 42 56 3.4 3.2 1.1 C U P C 3 43 77 3.3 6.9 0.5 C U P C 3 44 55 0.3 2.9 0.1 C U P C 3 45 118 31.0 11.3 2.7 C UI P C 3 46 119 6.3 11.3 0.6 C U] P C 3 48 78 0.3 6.2 0.0 C l“ P C 3 49 142 0.2 18.5 0.0 C U] P C 3 50 52 0.0 2.0 0.0 C U] P C 3 51 53 0.0 2.2 0.0 C UI P C 3 52 79 0.2 4.7 0.0 C U P C 3 53 63 0.0 3.0 0.0 C U P C 3 54 22 3.6 0.4 9.0 C U P C 3 55 35 3.7 1.0 3.7 C U P C 3 56 38 0.2 1.1 0.2 C Q P C 3 57 84 0.6 5.4 0.1 C A P C 3 58 41 0.3 1.5 0.2 C U] P C 3 59 58 2.7 2.5 1.1 C UIP C 3 60 36 0.0 1.0 0.0 C U P T 1 1 132 0.7 11.2 0.1 c u] P T 1 2 132 15.8 11.8 1.3 C U] P T 1 3 78 6.7 4.5 1.5 C U] P T 1 4 63 0.0 2.9 0.0 C U] P T 1 5 128 0.0 11.6 0.0 C Ul P T 1 6 133 6.7 12.6 0.5 90 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U P T 1 7 64 2.3 3.8 0.6 C U P T 1 8 218 30.1 46.7 0.6 C U P T 1 9 26 0.2 0.9 0.2 C U P T 1 10 111 14.2 15.7 0.9 C U P T 1 11 99 0.0 12.3 0.0 C U P T 1 12 57 12.8 3.9 3.3 C U P T 1 13 121 30.3 18.9 1.6 C U P T 1 14 94 48.1 6.2 7.8 C U P T 1 15 74 4.0 7.1 0.6 C U P T 1 16 105 3.5 7.3 0.5 C U P T 1 17 91 0.4 10.2 0.0 C U P T 1 18 60 0.5 2.7 0.2 C U P T 1 19 45 0.0 1.5 0.0 C U P T 1 20 77 0.2 4.1 0.0 C U P T 1 21 88 2.7 10.1 0.3 C U P T 1 22 113 2.0 11.9 0.2 C U P T 1 23 56 2.2 2.4 0.9 C U P T 1 24 57 0.0 2.4 0.0 C U P T 1 25 89 8.9 6.4 1.4 C U P T 1 26 60 0.4 2.7 0.1 C U P T 1 27 87 0.0 8.8 0.0 C U P T 1 28 197 34.0 36.6 0.9 C U P T 1 29 170 17.6 20.4 0.9 C U P T 1 30 70 9.2 3.9 2.4 C U P T 1 31 66 11.1 3.7 3.0 C U P T 1 32 118 23.6 14.3 1.7 91 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U P T 1 33 71 1.5 4.6 0.3 C U P T 1 34 83 0.0 6.5 0.0 C U P T 1 35 62 9.7 3.3 2.9 C U P T 1 36 135 27.0 12.5 2.2 C U P T 1 37 37 0.0 1.0 0.0 C U P T 1 38 37 52.2 1.4 37.3 C U P T 1 39 50 2.7 2.7 1.0 C U P T 1 40 85 4.5 7.4 0.6 C U P T 1 41 120 8.7 14.8 0.6 C U P T 1 42 74 7.6 6.7 1.1 C U P T 1 43 171 61.0 32.6 1.9 C U P T 1 44 77 0.0 5.1 0.0 C U P T 1 45 71 5.0 3.8 1.3 C U P T 1 46 46 3.9 1.5 2.6 C U P T 1 47 79 52.0 6.7 7.8 C U P T 1 48 37 0.0 1.0 0.0 C U P T 1 49 127 16.7 19.7 0.8 C U P T 1 50 123 25.7 13.0 2.0 C U P T 1 51 62 6.0 2.5 2.4 C U P T 1 52 82 10.1 5.3 1.9 C U P T 1 53 56 42.6 2.1 20.3 C U P T' 1 54 46 0.2 1.4 0.1 C U P T 2 1 210 18.4 35.8 0.5 C U P T 2 2 62 0.4 3.3 0.1 C U P T 2 3 114 0.3 10.1 0.0 C U P T 2 4 72 10.3 4.2 2.5 92 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U P T 2 5 144 12.9 15.9 0.8 C U P T 2 6 59 2.6 2.6 1.0 C U P T 2 7 66 2.3 3.6 0.6 C U P T 2 8 56 9.2 3.0 3.1 C U P T 2 9 84 14.9 4.7 3.2 C U P T 2 10 43 32.1 1.6 20.1 C U P T 2 11 47 0.2 1.7 0.1 C U P T 2 12 137 55.4 21.1 2.6 C U P T 2 13 144 58.8 23.1 2.5 C U P T 2 14 169 20.1 18.2 1.1 C U P T 2 15 57 7.0 3.0 2.3 C U P T 2 16 47 20.9 1.7 12.3 C U P T 2 17 62 0.4 3.2 0.1 C U P T 2 18 87 7.6 6.9 1.1 C U P T 2 19 88 14.9 7.6 2.0 C U P T 2 20 24 9.9 0.5 19.8 C U P T 2 21 149 31.7 20.9 1.5 C U P T 2 22 55 4.1 3.3 1.2 C U P T 2 23 40 80.5 1.2 67.1 C U P T 2 24 42 0.0 1.6 0.0 C U P T 2 25 91 16.8 6.9 2.4 C U P T 2 26 60 3.2 2.8 1.1 C U P T 2 27 52 2.2 2.0 1.1 C U P T 2 28 155 6.8 18.1 0.4 C U P T 2 29 76 4.0 4.7 0.9 C U P T 2 30 78 53.8 5.1 10.5 93 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) C U P T 2 34 48 0.0 1.8 0.0 C U P T 2 35 87 0.0 6.0 0.0 W L F C 3 1 181 16.5 20.1 0.8 W L F C 3 2 108 20.8 7.5 2.8 W L F C 3 4 34 3.3 0.7 4.7 W L F C 3 5 40 0.0 1.0 0.0 W L F C 3 6 120 34.2 9.5 3.6 W L F C 3 7 46 0.2 1.3 0.2 W L F C 3 9 91 8.5 5.6 1.5 W L F C 3 10 92 7.3 5.4 1.4 W L F C 3 11 49 5.8 1.6 3.6 W L F C 3 12 138 34.2 11.8 2.9 W L F C 3 13 57 1.6 2.4 0.7 W L F C 3 14 58 0.7 2.1 0.3 W L F C 3 15 57 0.3 2.0 0.2 W L F C 3 16 39 0.5 1.0 0.5 W L F C 3 17 68 2.0 3.0 0.7 W L F C 3 18 34 0.6 0.7 0.9 W L F C 3 19 125 10.7 10.3 1.0 W L F C 3 20 142 15.9 12.6 1.3 W L F C 3 22 35 5.4 0.8 6.8 W L F C 3 23 17 0.3 0.2 1.5 W L F C 3 24 76 7.9 3.6 2.2 W L F C 3 25 39 4.0 0.9 4.4 W L F C 3 26 31 6.2 0.6 10.3 W L F C 3 27 75 26.4 3.6 7.3 94 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L F C 3 28 39 1.1 1.0 1.1 W L F C 4 1 140 35.7 13.4 2.7 W L F C 4 2 45 0.5 1.3 0.4 W L F C 4 3 54 9.3 1.9 4.9 W L F C 4 4 74 10.6 3.4 3.1 W L F C 4 5 63 0.1 2.5 0.0 W L F C 4 6 66 71.8 2.8 25.6 W L F C 4 7 17 0.2 0.2 1.0 W L F C 4 8 34 0.1 0.7 0.1 W L F C 4 9 52 0.5 1.7 0.3 W L F C 4 10 39 1.0 1.0 1.0 W L F C 4 11 84 8.3 4.5 1.8 W L F C 4 12 33 6.1 0.7 8.7 W L F C 4 13 57 10.2 2.2 4.6 W L F C 4 14 21 0.2 0.3 0.7 W L F C 4 15 392 12.3 110.7 0.1 W L F C 4 16 111 17.0 8.5 2.0 W L F C 4 17 42 4.1 1.1 3.7 W L F C 4 18 48 1.6 1.5 1.1 W L F C 4 19 109 5.1 7.7 0.7 W L F C 4 20 100 9.6 6.3 1.5 W L F C 4 21 59 2.8 2.4 1.2 W L F C 4 22 307 0.0 67.4 0.0 W L F C 4 23 117 0.5 9.6 0.1 W L F C 4 24 355 2.9 89.9 0.0 Lw L F c 4 25 248 2.3 43.7 0.1 in: H33! Ii‘ Fl \I — rlmtnlrlll _ 95 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change DI‘Op Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L F C 4 26 135 5.7 11.5 0.5 W L F C 4 27 140 7.8 12.5 0.6 W L F C 4 28 65 0.0 3.0 0.0 W L F C 4 30 146 42.1 14.8 2.8 W L F C 5 1 23 0.2 0.3 0.7 W L F T 3 2 45 0.0 1.3 0.0 W L F T 3 3 179 15.3 20.3 0.8 W L F T 3 4 30 0.2 0.6 0.3 W L F T 3 5 53 0.0 1.9 0.0 W L F T 3 6 13 0.2 0.1 2.0 W L F T 3 7 39 34.2 1.0 34.2 W L F T 3 8 60 0.6 2.3 0.3 W L F T 3 9 48 4.3 1.5 2.9 W L F T 3 10 104 0.3 7.6 0.0 W L F T 3 11 75 7.7 3.5 2.2 W L F T 3 12 127 7.4 10.2 0.7 W L F T 3 13 59 2.0 2.2 0.9 W L F T 3 14 63 2.1 2.5 0.8 W L F T 4 1 64 8.3 2.6 3.2 W L F T 4 2 27 0.6 0.5 1.2 W L F T 4 3 114 14.4 8.6 1.7 W L F T 4 4 94 (43.7 5.6 7.8 W L F T 4 5 50 0.5 1.7 0.3 W L F T 4 6 46 21.1 1.3 16.2 W L F T 4 7 55 6.9 2.0 3.5 W L F T 4 8 24 0.2 0.4 0.5 96 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L F T 4 9 37 0.4 0.9 0.4 W L F T 4 10 75 37.5 3.6 10.4 W L F T 4 11 34 10.7 0.7 15.3 W L F T 4 12 70 0.2 3.0 0.1 W L F T 4 13 45 0.0 1.4 0.0 W L F T 4 14 57 0.0 2.1 0.0 W L F T 4 15 30 0.1 0.6 0.2 W L F T 4 16 31 0.5 0.6 0.8 W L F T 4 17 50 0.2 1.6 0.1 W L F T 4 18 130 11.9 10.7 1.1 W L F T 4 19 50 0.3 1.6 0.2 W L F T 4 20 41 0.8 1.0 0.8 W L F T 4 21 81 0.0 4.2 0.0 W L F T 4 22 64 0.6 2.7 0.2 W L F T 4 23 68 5.3 2.9 1.8 W L F T 4 24 51 0.0 1.6 0.0 W L F T 4 25 41 0.0 1.1 0.0 W L F T 4 26 72 0.3 3.5 0.1 W L F T 4 28 48 0.0 1.5 0.0 W L F T 5 1 111 3.9 7.9 0.5 W L F T 5 2 43 2.2 1.2 1.8 W L F T 5 3 41 0.0 1.2 0.0 W L F T 5 4 129 1.1 10.5 0.1 W L F T 5 5 33 0.6 0.7 0.9 W L F T 5 6 44 1.1 1.2 0.9 W L F T 5 7 79 5.6 4.4 1.3 97 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L F T 5 8 40 0.6 1.0 0.6 W L F T 5 9 80 7.0 4.0 1.8 W L F T 5 11 25 0.2 0.4 0.5 W L F T 5 12 66 12.5 2.8 4.5 W L F T 5 13 40 0.3 1.0 0.3 W L F T 5 14 28 0.3 0.5 0.6 W L F T 5 15 35 45.8 0.8 57.3 W L F T 5 16 34 29.4 0.7 42.0 W L F T 5 17 54 40.0 1.8 22.2 W L F T 5 18 18 0.1 0.2 0.5 W L F T 5 19 29 103.7 0.5 207.4 W L F T 5 20 67 8.4 2.9 2.9 W L F T 5 21 46 2.6 1.3 2.0 W L F T 5 22 41 0.0 1.1 0.0 W L F T 5 23 111 0.3 8.6 0.0 W L F T 5 24 39 0.3 1.1 0.3 W L F T 5 26 29 3.3 0.5 6.6 W L F T 5 27 89 5.6 5.0 1.1 W L F T 5 28 79 10.7 3.9 2.7 W L P C 3 1 42 1.6 1.3 1.2 W L P C 3 3 38 0.3 0.9 0.3 W L’ P C 3 4 43 2.9 1.2 2.4 W L P C 3 5 53 2.4 1.7 1.4 W L P C 3 6 29 14.5 0.5 29.0 W L P C 3 8 64 4.5 2.6 1.7 W L P C 3 9 38 10.1 1.0 10.1 98 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (i0) W L P C 3 10 128 0.6 10.5 0.1 W L P C 3 11 39 0.2 1.0 0.2 W L P C 3 12 38 5.3 0.9 5.9 W L P C 3 13 59 1.0 2.4 0.4 W L P C 3 14 29 0.1 0.5 0.2 W L P C 3 15 74 3.3 3.5 0.9 W L P C 3 16 86 2.6 5.1 0.5 W L P C 4 2 78 1.9 3.8 0.5 W L P C 4 3 38 1.9 0.9 2.1 W L P C 4 4 23 0.2 0.3 0.7 W L P C 4 5 106 6.5 7.2 0.9 W L P C 4 6 51 0.2 1.7 0.1 W L P C 4 7 38 21.5 1.0 21.5 W L P C 4 8 51 0.3 1.6 0.2 W L P C 4 9 34 0.4 0.7 0.6 W L P C 4 10 64 10.7 2.6 4.1 W L P C 4 11 35 0.3 0.8 0.4 W L P C 4 12 38 2.3 0.9 2.6 W L P C 4 13 73 0.0 3.8 0.0 W L P C 4 14 102 0.5 6.4 0.1 W L P C 4 15 122 3.8 9.0 0.4 W L P C 4 16 59 0.4 2.5 0.2 W L P C 4 17 76 0.2 4.1 0.0 W L P C 4 18 57 0.4 2.0 0.2 W L P C 4 19 101 0.2 7.3 0.0 W L P C 4 20 113 0.2 9.1 0.0 99 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L P C 4 21 53 0.4 2.0 0.2 W L P C 4 22 54 0.2 2.1 0.1 W L P C 4 23 69 0.3 3.4 0.1 W L P C 4 24 57 1.3 2.3 0.6 W L P C 4 25 72 0.8 3.2 0.3 W L P C 4 26 52 0.2 2.0 0.1 W L P C 4 27 76 0.1 4.1 0.0 W L P C 4 28 63 0.8 2.4 0.3 W L P C 4 29 70 0.3 3.5 0.1 W L P C 4 30 77 0.3 3.7 0.1 W L P C 4 31 88 0.0 4.9 0.0 W L P C 4 32 55 0.2 1.9 0.1 W L P C 4 33 56 0.3 2.0 0.2 W L P C 4 34 68 84.8 3.1 27.4 W L P C 4 35 116 3.9 8.5 0.5 W L P C 4 36 116 16.0 8.8 1.8 W L P C 4 37 84 3.1 4.5 0.7 W L P C 4 39 82 0.4 4.3 0.1 W L P C 4 40 48 0.6 1.4 0.4 W L P C 4 43 45 0.0 1.3 0.0 W L P C 4 44 41 0.3 1.1 0.3 W L P C 4 45 28 0.4 0.5 0.8 W L P C 4 46 97 0.0 5.9 0.0 W L P C 4 47 46 0.4 1.4 0.3 W L P C 4 48 85 2.6 4.7 0.6 W L P C 4 49 45 0.2 1.3 0.2 100 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L P C 5 1 37 4.8 0.8 6.0 W L P C 5 2 73 0.0 3.3 0.0 W L P C 5 3 27 3.0 0.4 7.5 W L P C 5 4 29 0.5 0.5 1.0 W L P C 5 5 63 3.7 2.5 1.5 W L P C 5 6 102 0.1 6.4 0.0 W L P C 5 7 54 0.2 1.8 0.1 w L P C 5 8 48 0.0 1.5 0.0 W L P C 5 9 30 5.0 0.6 8.3 W L P C 5 10 63 0.8 2.5 0.3 W L P C 5 11 110 8.1 7.7 1.1 W L P C 5 12 123 0.2 10.0 0.0 W L P C 5 13 130 5.8 10.7 0.5 W L P C 5 14 32 0.6 0.7 0.9 W L P C 5 15 87 0.0 4.8 0.0 W L P C 5 16 100 0.2 6.3 0.0 W L P C 5 17 80 0.1 4.0 0.0 W L P C 5 18 57 0.2 2.1 0.1 W L P C 5 19 45 0.0 1.3 0.0 W L P C 5 20 62 0.0 2.4 0.0 W L P C 5 21 58 0.2 2.1 0.1 W L P C 5 22 68 0.8 3.2 0.3 W L P C 5 23 72 0.3 3.8 0.1 W L P C 5 24 35 0.4 0.8 0.5 W L P C 5 25 37 0.3 0.8 0.4 W L P C 5 26 60 15.8 2.3 6.9 101 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L P C 5 27 24 0.5 0.4 1.3 W L P C 5 29 142 59.7 13.7 4.4 W L P C 5 31 107 29.7 7.5 4.0 W L P C 5 32 59 1.4 2.2 0.6 W L P C 5 33 75 53.2 3.6 14.8 W L P C 5 34 22 0.4 0.3 1.3 W L P C 5 36 92 72.5 5.4 13.4 W L P C 5 37 93 0.2 5.5 0.0 W L P C 5 38 41 0.0 1.1 0.0 W L P C 5 39 52 0.0 1.7 0.0 W L P C 5 40 103 5.2 6.7 0.8 W L P C 5 42 81 0.2 4.2 0.0 W L P T 4 1 93 1.8 5.5 0.3 W L P T 4 2 37 0.3 0.9 0.3 W L P T 4 3 84 14.4 4.5 3.2 W L P T 4 4 38 0.4 0.9 0.4 W L P T 4 5 42 0.5 1.1 0.5 W L P T 4 7 45 0.2 1.3 0.2 W L P T 4 8 77 10.5 3.7 2.8 W L P T 4 9 40 0.2 1.2 0.2 W L P T 4 10 59 10.2 2.5 4.1 W L P T 4 11 31 7.0 0.7 10.0 W L P T 4 12 109 8.8 7.7 1.1 W L P T 4 13 56 12.1 2.1 5.8 W L P T 4 14 79 50.0 4.0 12.5 W L P T 4 15 177 31.7 20.6 1.5 102 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L P T 4 16 35 3.8 0.8 4.8 W L P T 4 17 27 0.4 0.5 0.8 W L P T 4 18 51 0.2 1.9 0.1 W L P T 4 19 231 31.5 35.1 0.9 W L P T 4 20 104 67.9 7.7 8.8 W L P T 4 21 129 7.6 11.3 0.7 W L P T 4 22 53 6.2 1.8 3.4 W L P T 4 24 69 0.3 3.0 0.1 W L P T 4 25 54 26.7 1.9 14.1 W L P T 4 26 41 0.5 1.1 0.5 W L P T 4 27 30 0.2 0.6 0.3 W L P T 5 1 35 0.2 0.8 0.3 W L P T 5 2 49 0.0 1.7 0.0 W L P T 5 3 39 0.0 1.0 0.0 W L P T 5 4 48 6.3 1.5 4.2 W L P T 5 5 115 0.0 9.6 0.0 W L P T 5 6 44 0.2 1.4 0.1 W L P T 5 7 23 0.2 0.3, 0.7 W L P T 5 8 201 40.8 27.9 1.5 W L P T 5 9 116 59.0 8.5 6.9 W L P T 5 10 78 9.1 4.1 2.2 W L P T 5 11 59 1.2 2.2 0.5 W L P T 5 12 40 0.2 1.0 0.2 W L P T 5 13 28 0.5 0.5 1.0 W L P T 5 14 21 1.3 0.3 4.3 W L P T 5 15 192 0.0 23.2 0.0 103 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W L P T 5 16 114 22.6 8.5 2.7 W L P T 5 17 78 0.6 4.3 0.1 W L P T 5 18 50 0.5 1.8 0.3 W L P T 5 19 66 0.6 2.7 0.2 W L P T 5 21 46 0.5 1.4 0.4 W L P T 5 22 42 0.2 1.1 0.2 W L P T 5 24 80 0.1 4.2 0.0 W L P T 5 25 33 5.9 0.7 8.4 W L P T 5 26 18 65.1 0.2 325.5 W L P T 5 27 102 9.2 6.5 1.4 W L P T 5 28 30 14.6 0.6 24.3 W L P T 5 29 38 0.2 0.9 0.2 W L P T 5 30 18 0.2 0.2 1.0 W L P T 5 31 111 32.6 7.9 4.1 W L P T 5 32 25 0.3 0.4 0.8 W L P T 5 33 54 0.5 1.8 0.3 W L P T 5 34 37 0.2 0.8 0.3 W L P T '5 35 50 0.2 1.6 0.1 W L P T 5 36 45 0.2 1.3 0.2 W L P T 5 39 32 1.2 0.6 2.0 W L P T 5 40 29 3.2 0.5 6.4 W U F C 1 2 78 0.1 3.9 0.0 W U F C 1 3 49 0.0 1.4 0.0 W U F C 1 4 151 2.8 14.2 0.2 W U F C 1 5 108 21.0 7.3 2.9 W U F C 1 6 59 0.8 2.2 0.4 104 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U F C 1 7 64 7.6 2.7 2.8 W U F C 1 8 53 3.5 1.8 1.9 W U F C 1 9 115 38.6 9.1 4.2 W U F C 1 10 112 6.5 7.8 0.8 W UI F C 2 1 28 98.9 0.5 197.8 W U F C 2 2 102 0.0 6.5 0.0 W U] F C 2 3 114 8.1 8.1 1.0 W UI F C 2 4 32 3.4 0.7 4.9 W U F C 2 5 57 2.5 2.1 1.2 W U]F C 2 6 55 0.0 1.9 0.0 w UIF c 2 7 22 0.1 0.3 0.3 W U F C 2 8 176 30.0 21.4 1.4 W U F C 2 9 56 0.2 2.0 0.1 W U F C 2 10 17 0.2 0.2 1.0 W U F T 1 1 190 33.2 23.2 1.4 W U] F T 1 2 62 1.7 2.4 0.7 w uI F T 1 3 29 0.1 0.5 0.2 W U F T 1 4 77 24.5 3.8 6.4 W U F T 1 5 127 1.9 9.9 0.2 W U] F T 1 6 50 12.5 1.8 6.9 W UI F T 1 7 61 4.2 2.4 1.7 W U F T 1 8 59 87.9 2.2 40.0 W U F T 1 9 64 10.8 2.6 4.2 W U F T 1 10 92 16.0 5.4 3.0 W U F T 1 11 93 0.2 5.8 0.0 W U] F T 1 12 30 0.2 0.6 0.3 105 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) w UIF T 1 14 71 6.9 3.2 2.2 W U F T 1 15 91 7.3 5.3 1.4 W U F T 1 16 16 38.7 0.2 193.5 W U F T 1 17 52 0.0 1.7 0.0 W U F T 1 18 45 8.8 1.3 6.8 W U F T 1 19 103 48.1 6.9 7.0 W U F T 1 20 42 70.4 1.1 64.0 W U F T 1 21 42 20.8 1.1 18.9 W U F T 1 22 78 0.2 3.8 0.1 W U F T 1 23 37 0.2 0.9 0.2 W U F T 1 24 51 8.0 1.7 4.7 W U F T 1 25 143 6.0 12.7 0.5 W U F T 1 26 34 1.2 0.7 1.7 W U F T 1 27 64 7.0 2.5 2.8 W U F T 1 28 60 0.1 2.3 0.0 W U F T 1 29 101 12.3 6.4 1.9 W U F T 1 31 32 14.4 0.6 24.0 W U F T 1 32 33 0.2 0.7 0.3 W U F T 2 1 59 21.5 2.3 9.3 W U F T 2 2 25 14.0 0.4 35.0 W U F T 2 3 53 19.0 1.8 10.6 W U F T 2 4 51 0.0 1.6 0.0 W U F T 2 5 73 0.2 3.4 0.1 W U F T 2 6 42 18.5 1.1 16.8 W U F T 2 7 66 0.2 2.8 0.1 W U F T 2 8 62 0.2 2.4 0.1 106 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U F T 2 9 37 0.2 0.9 0.2 W U F T 2 10 67 55.9 3.0 18.6 W U F T 2 11 78 0.0 3.8 0.0 W U F T 2 12 81 8.9 4.1 2.2 W U F T 2 13 86 11.7 4.6 2.5 W U F T 2 14 51 0.0 1.6 0.0 W U F T 2 15 32 1.3 0.7 1.9 W U F T 2 16 92 0.0 5.2 0.0 W U F T 2 17 73 0.2 3.4 0.1 W U F T 2 18 68 22.4 3.3 6.8 W U F T 2 19 34 6.5 0.7 9.3 W U F T 2 20 40 0.6 1.0 0.6 W U F T 2 21 16 0.2 0.2 1.0 W U F T 2 22 137 0.0 11.7 0.0 W U F T 2 23 37 2.7 0.9 3.0 W U F T 2 24 54 9.7 1.8 5.4 W U F T 2 25 126 78.8 10.3 7.7 W U F T 2 26 53 80.3 1.7 47.2 W U F T 2 27 77 8.0 3.8 2.1 W U F T 2 28 64 1.2 2.6 0.5 W U F T 2 31 30 0.2 0.6 0.3 W U F T 2 32 39 3.3 1.1 3.0 W U P C 1 1 60 8.3 2.4 3.5 W U P C 1 2 36 0.3 0.8 0.4 W U P C 1 3 16 0.3 0.2 1.5 W U P C 1 4 20 0.6 0.3 2.0 107 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U P C 1 5 14 0.2 0.1 2.0 W U P C 1 6 28 7.8 0.5 15.6 W U P C 1 7 49 0.3 1.5 0.2 W U P C 2 1 27 0.2 0.5 0.4 W U P C 2 3 31 0.2 0.6 0.3 W U P C 2 5 47 2.0 1.3 1.5 W U P C 2 6 103 57.1 7.7 7.4 W U P C 2 7 17 0.2 0.2 1.0 W U P C 2 9 23 1.3 0.3 4.3 W U P C 2 10 53 0.0 1.7 0.0 W U P C 2 11 79 20.4 3.9 5.2 W U P C 2 13 35 0.4 0.8 0.5 W U P C 2 14 31 0.3 0.6 0.5 W U P C 2 15 98 8.4 6.1 1.4 W U P C 2 16 147 11.9 13.6 0.9 W U P C 2 17 54 0.0 1.8 0.0 W U P C 2 18 23 0.2 0.3 0.7 W U P C 2 19 38 0.1 0.9 0.1 W U P C 2 20 15 2.7 0.1 27.0 W U P C 2 21 49 1.5 1.5 1.0 W U P C 2 22 52 3.0 1.7 1.8 W U P C 2 23 99 15.1 6.3 2.4 W U] P C 2 24 49 9.9 1.5 6.6 W U P C 2 25 63 0.9 2.6 0.3 W U P C 2 26 52 19.0 1.7 11.2 W U P C 2 27 109 2.6 8.6 0.3 108 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U P C 2 28 127 17.6 11.4 1.5 W U] P C 2 29 103 2.9 7.5 0.4 W Ul P C 2 30 110 3.2 8.0 0.4 W U P C 2 31 273 29.1 50.4 0.6 W U P C 2 32 88 0.2 4.9 0.0 W U P C 2 33 25 0.2 0.4 0.5 w UIP c 2 34 33 1.0 0.7 1.4 W U P C 2 35 19 1.6 0.2 8.0 W U] P C 2 36 51 87.2 1.6 54.5 W Ul P C 2 37 21 1.6 0.3 5.3 W U P C 2 38 34 0.3 0.8 0.4 W U P C 2 39 28 0.2 0.5 0.4 W Ul P C 2 41 45 0.0 1.3 0.0 W U P C 2 44 40 61.4 1.0 61.4 W U P C 2 45 82 0.0 4.2 0.0 W U P C 2 46 23 0.2 0.3 0.7 W U P T 1 1 126 0.0 9.9 0.0 W U P T 1 2 19 1.4 0.2 7.0 W U P T 1 3 22 8.2 0.3 27.3 W U P T 1 4 40 1.5 1.0 1.5 W U P T 1 5 48 0.6 1.5 0.4 w ul P T 1 8 77 13.1 3.7 3.5 W U P T 1 7 23 0.4 0.3 1.3 W U P T 1 8 57 7.6 2.2 3.5 W U P T 1 9 92 18.7 5.2 3.6 W U P T 1 10 61 0.6 2.3 0.3 109 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W UI P T 1 11 44 0.0 1.4 0.0 W U P T 1 12 68 5.1 2.9 1.8 W U P T 1 13 94 9.3 6.4 1.5 W U P T 1 14 62 3.1 2.6 1.2 W U P T 1 15 208 28.3 27.0 1.0 W U P T 1 16 30 0.1 0.5 0.2 W U P T 1 17 23 0.5 0.3 1.7 W U P T 1 18 22 0.4 0.3 1.3 W U P T 1 19 88 0.0 4.8 0.0 W U P T 1 20 27 49.6 0.5 99.2 W U P T 1 21 35 8.2 0.8 10.3 W U P T 1 22 124 12.4 10.1 1.2 W U P T 1 23 38 10.6 0.9 11.8 W U P T 1 24 68 1.9 2.9 0.7 W Ul P T 1 25 92 6.0 5.4 1.1 W U P T 1 26 139 18.0 12.4 1.5 W U P T 1 27 74 7.3 3.4 2.1 W U P T 1 28 44 9.0 1.2 7.5 W U P T 1 29 31 0.2 0.6 0.3 W U P T 1 30 126 12.7 10.2 1.2 W U P T 1 31 37 0.8 0.9 0.9 W U P T 1 32 84 0.3 4.4 0.1 W U P T 1 33 53 19.2 2.0 9.6 W U P T 1 34 91 5.8 5.3 1.1 W U P T 1 36 25 1.8 0.4 4.5 W U P T 1 37 13 0.3 0.1 3.0 110 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W Ul P T 1 38 104 0.0 6.8 0.0 W U] P T 1 39 51 0.0 1.6 0.0 W U] P T 1 40 41 1.2 1.0 1.2 W U] P T 1 42 20 65.1 0.3 217.0 W Ul P T 1 43 26 0.3 0.4 0.8 W U] P T 1 45 29 1.1 0.5 2.2 W Ul P T 1 46 34 0.4 0.7 0.6 W U P T 1 48 84 47.5 4.4 10.8 W U P T 1 50 22 5.2 0.3 17.3 W U P T 1 51 37 0.3 1.0 0.3 W U P T 1 52 29 0.2 0.5 0.4 W U P T 1 53 43 0.0 1.2 0.0 W U P T 1 54 55 5.1 1.9 2.7 W U P T 2 1 33 3.3 0.7 4.7 W U P T 2 2 90 0.3 5.1 0.1 W U P T 2 3 22 10.5 0.3 35.0 W U P T 2 4 32 0.3 0.6 0.5 W UI P T 2 5 51 0.3 1.7 0.2 W U P T 2 6 147 7.0 13.6 0.5 W U; P T 2 7 58 33.4 2.1 15.9 W U P T 2 8 49 7.3 1.5 4.9 W U P T 2 9 100 79.5 6.3 12.6 W U P T 2 10 65 9.9 2.8 3.5 W U P T 2 11 58 5.9 2.4 2.5 w UIP T 2 12 116 0.5 8.6 0.1 W U] P T 2 13 272 10.6 45.2 0.2 111 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U P T 2 14 126 0.6 10.1 0.1 W U P T 2 15 203 27.4 27.4 1.0 W U P T 2 16 42 9.2 1.3 7.1 W U P T 2 17 130 0.9 10.3 0.1 W U P T 2 19 46 4.0 1.3 3.1 W U P T 2 20 27 0.4 0.5 0.8 W U P T 2 21 46 25.2 1.3 19.4 W U P T 2 22 43 20.4 1.3 15.7 W U P T 2 23 29 0.4 0.5 0.8 W U P T 2 25 62 43.5 2.4 18.1 W U P T 2 26 165 8.3 17.1 0.5 W U P T 2 27 32 0.2 0.7 0.3 W U P T 2 28 32 0.2 0.6 0.3 W U P T 2 29 22 52.4 0.3 174.7 W U P T 2 30 315 17.7 61.4 0.3 W U P T 2 31 125 21.3 9.7 2.2 W U P T 2 32 42 0.0 1.2 0.0 W U P T 2 33 61 45.0 2.3 19.6 W U P T 2 34 84 3.7 4.4 0.8 W U P T 2 35 87 6.0 4.8 1.2 W U P T 2 36 33 0.2 0.7 0.3 W U P T 3 2 113 25.4 8.1 3.1 W U P T 3 3 26 1.4 0.4 3.5 W U P T 3 4 33 1.6 0.7 2.3 W U P T 3 5 25 0.4 0.4 1.0 W U P T 3 6 63 5.4 2.5 2.2 112 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (inlsec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U P T 3 7 56 0.0 2.0 0.0 W U] P T 3 9 38 0.3 0.9 0.3 W U] P T 3 10 16 0.3 0.2 1.5 W UI P T 3 13 13 0.7 0.1 7.0 W U P T 3 14 15 0.2 0.1 2.0 W U] P T 3 15 17 31.0 0.2 155.0 W U] P T 3 16 35 16.5 0.8 20.6 W U P T 3 17 13 0.5 0.1 5.0 W U P T 3 18 16 0.3 0.2 1.5 W U P T 3 19 98 20.0 6.0 3.3 W U P T 3 20 60 8.5 2.4 3.5 W Uh P T 3 21 52 27.9 1.7 16.4 w UIP T 3 22 32 5.1 0.6 8.5 W U P T 3 23 78 0.2 3.8 0.1 W U P T 3 24 81 8.1 4.2 1.9 W U P T 3 25 170 39.6 19.2 2.1 W Ul P T 3 26 75 4.4 4.0 1.1 W U] P T 3 29 55 9.3 2.0 4.7 W Ul P T 3 30 39 0.7 1.0 0.7 W U P T 3 31 170 18.3 20.9 0.9 W U P T 3 32 44 0.0 1.4 0.0 W U P T 3 33 46 0.0 1.4 0.0 W U P T 3 34 45 0.0 1.3 0.0 W ”I P T 3 35 39 0.0 1.0 0.0 W U] P T 3 36 19 0.2 0.2 1.0 W U P T 3 37 13 0.3 0.1 3.0 113 Appendix A Shock event data File Velocity change Drop Height Drop Height Unit # (in/sec) Zero-G Equivalent Ratio (in) (in) W U P T 3 38 40 27.6 1.0 27.6 W U P T 3 41 37 0.2 0.9 0.2 W U P T 3 42 146 14.7 13.3 1.1 W U P T 3 43 89 10.2 5.0 2.0 W U P T 3 45 21 0.2 0.3 0.7 W U P T 3 46 78 4.1 3.9 1.1 W U P T 3 47 41 1.9 1.0 1.9 W U P T 3 48 112 0.2 8.0 0.0 W U P T 3 49 25 4.6 0.4 11.5 W U P T 3 51 38 0.2 0.9 0.2 W U P T 3 52 26 0.2 0.4 0.5 W U P T 3 53 53 9.7 1.8 5.4 W U P T 3 54 22 3.0 0.3 10.0 W U P T 3 55 26 99.8 0.4 249.5 W U P T 3 56 41 0.5 1.1 0.5 W U P T 3 57 139 17.3 12.2 1.4 W U P T 3 58 50 0.4 1.6 0.3 W U P T 3 59 83 1.7 4.5 0.4 W U P T 3 60 49 0.7 1.5 0.5 LI T OF REFERENCES US I QE BEFERENCE§ Dallas Instruments, 1990. Operation and Maintenance Manual for Model DHR-1C Drop Height Recorder. Dallas Instruments Inc., Plano, Texas. Graesser, L. K., S. P. Singh, G. Burgess. 1992. A performance study for two portable data recorders used to measure package drop heights. Packaging Technology and Science, 5(1): 57-61. Ostrem, F. E., W. D. Godshall. 1979. An assessment of the common carrier shipping environment. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL22. Madison , WI: USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 60 p. Singh, S. P., T. Voss. 1992. Drop Heights encountered in the United Parcel Service small parcel environment in the United States. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 20(5), 382-387. Totten, T. L., G. J. Burgess, S. P. Singh. 1990. The effects of multiple impacts on the cushioning properties of closed-cell foams. Packaging Technology and Science, 3(2), 117-122. Trost, T. 1988. Mechanical stresses on products during air cargo transportation. Packaging Technology and Science, 1(3), 137-155. Trost, T. 1989. Mechanical stresses on cargo during ground operations in air transport. Packaging technology and Science, 2(2), 85-108. 114