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INFLUENCES OF ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON
HERPETOFAUNAL AS SEMBLAGES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA,
WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF SAMPLING METHODOLOGIES
By

Gabrielle D. Yaunches

A THESIS
Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife

1998

ABSTRACT

INFLUENCES OF ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON HERPETOFAUNAL
ASSEMBLAGES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA, WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF
SAMPLING METHODOLOGIES
By

Gabrielle D. Yaunches

Incorporating herpetofauna into ecosystem management on a landscape scale is
becoming increasingly important to land managers. In a coarse-filter approach, an
ecosystem diversity matrix (EDM) divides a landscape into habitat type classes on one
axis of the matrix and vegetation growth stages on the other axis. Where these two axes
of the matrix intersect is called an ecological land unit, or ELU.

ELUS in northern Minnesota were evaluated for herpetofauna] species and
vegetation attributes. Herpetofaunal species numbers, richness and diversity did not vary
statistically among ELUS and when they did vary, it was not in any discernible pattern on
the EDM. This suggests that herps do not successfully differentiate ELUS within the
EDM in northern Minnesota.

Spearman rank correlations and Kruskal-Wallis tests found that the most
important vegetation attributes for herps were vegetation stem densities, coarse woody
debris presence and size, and litter and slash understory cover. These vegetation
attributes could possibly be incorporated into BCC’s timber harvesting practices by
leaving more coarse woody debris, litter and slash on the ground after harvest. In
evaluating herpetofauna] sampling methods, the most effective and efficient method of

capture for herps was the drifi fences with pitfall and funnel traps.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Scott Winterstein, for his help,
encouragement, and humor in completing this thesis. Dr. Rique Campa also provided
important and helpful guidance in this project. Dr. Tom Getty provided thoughtful input
on my proposal and thesis.

This project was funded by Boise Cascade Corporation, and included much help
fiom Brian Kernohan in design and field work (even pulling out a few stuck trucks) and
Kara Dunning for providing assistance with GIS information and much-needed maps.

Many other people have also aided me, both emotionally and physically over
these past years. Linda Hegstrom, who helped me keep my sanity during our first year of
field work, and Colleen Trese who was a big help during the second year, both with field
and office work. Also, thanks to all the technicians and interns who made the huge
amount of field work possible and enjoyable: Mandy, Torie, Sarah, Alison, Matt, Dan,
Kevin and Ali.

I also, most importantly, need to thank my family and friends who have always
been extremely encouraging and supportive of me and my accomplishments, especially

my parents, sister and grandparents.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiii
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1
Importance of studying herptiles ..................................................................................... 1
Herpetofaunal habitat associations .................................................................................. 2
Herpetofaunal sampling methods .................................................................................... 4
OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 6
METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 7
Study Site Description ..................................................................................................... 7
Herpetofaunal sampling methods .................................................................................... 8
Drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps ................................................................... 14
Time and area-constrained searches ........................................................................... 16
Vegetation sampling ...................................................................................................... 17
Data Analysis ................................................................................................................. 20
By ELU ...................................................................................................................... 20

By Unit Number ......................................................................................................... 25
RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 26
General vegetation results ............................................................................................. 26
Herpetofaunal results ..................................................................................................... 27
ELU herpetofaunal and vegetation results ..................................................................... 29
Correlations ................................................................................................................ 29
Kruskal-Wallis tests ................................................................................................... 32
EDM Comparisons ..................................................................................................... 36
Unit number herpetofaunal and vegetation results ........................................................ 43
Correlations ................................................................................................................ 43
Kruskal-Wallis tests ................................................................................................... 46
Herptile sampling methodology results ......................................................................... 56
Time-constrained searches ......................................................................................... 56
Plot searches ............................................................................................................... 58
Traps ........................................................................................................................... 58
Incidentals .................................................................................................................. 58
General ....................................................................................................................... 59
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 62
Vegetation ...................................................................................................................... 62
Herpetofauna ................................................................................................................. 63
Herpetofauna and vegetation ......................................................................................... 64
Kruskal-Wallis tests by ELU and unit number .............................................................. 67
Summary ........................................................................................................................ 71

iv

Methodology Discussion ............................................................................................... 74
General Conclusions and Management Recommendations .......................................... 76

LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................................... 78

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Initial ecological sampling unit selection criteria for Boise Cascade
Corporation’s Ecosystem Diversity Matrix, 1996‘. .................................................. 10

Table 2. Ecosystem Diversity Matrix (EDM) for northern Minnesota Boise Cascade lands
with BCC'S terminology on the axes, and within the matrix, a simplified version
used throughout this paper. Numbers within the matrix indicate number of

replications of that ELU. See Appendix A Table l for key to EDM. ...................... ll
Table 3. Number of acres of sites and number of quadrats that were searched for herps in
those sites in northern Minnesota in 1997. ............................................................... 18
Table 4. Coarse woody debris decay classes used for vegetation sampling of sites. ...... 22

Table 5. Snag decay classes used for vegetation sampling of sites. If snags were burned
more than 50%, letter B was added to the end of the snag decay class. ................... 22

Table 6. Stump age classes used for vegetation sampling of sites. If stumps were burned
more than 50%, the letter B was added to the end of the Mp age class. .............. 23

Table 7. ELUs and species found within them in northern Minnesota, 1997 according to
search method'. Numbers in parentheses indicate total number of individuals
captured in that method ............................................................................................. 28

Table 8. Shannon-Weaver (S-W) diversity index mean values, Pielou’s J values, mean
number of individuals captured, and species richness of each ELU in northern
Minnesota, 1997 ........................................................................................................ 29

Table 9. Shannon-Weaver diversity index (S-W) , Pielou’s J, the average number of
herps captured, and species richness by unit number in northern Minnesota, 1997. 30

Table 10. Significant Spearman rank correlations between the Shannon-Weaver diversity
index (S-W) and/or mean number of individuals and vegetation attributes by ELU in
northern Minnesota, 1997. ........................................................................................ 33

Table 11. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=7) and without (absent n=5) the spring
peeper in northern Minnesota, 1997. ........................................................................ 35

Table 12. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation

attributes between ELUs with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=lO) the
northern leopard frog in northern Minnesota, 1997. ................................................. 36

vi

Table 13. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=10) the
boreal chorus frog in northern Minnesota, 1997. ...................................................... 37

Table 14. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=7) and those without (absent n=5) the blue-
spotted salamander by ELU in northern Minnesota, 1997. ...................................... 38

Table 15. Mean abundances of American toads and wood fiogs captured by ELU and
overall in northern Minnesota, 1997, used to determine which ELUS were above the
average, and which were below for Kruskal-Wallis tests. ........................................ 39

Table 16. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs above (n=5) and those below (n=7) the mean number of
American toads in northern Minnesota, 1997. .......................................................... 40

Table 17. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs above (n=4) and those below (n=8) the average number of
wood frogs in northern Minnesota, 1997. ................................................................. 41

Table 18. P values of comparisons of Shannon-Weaver diversity index (S-W) values and
mean number of individuals between ELUs along different axes within the EDM. 43

Table 19. Spearman rank correlations by Shannon-Weaver diversity index and mean
number of individuals values that were significant by unit number. ........................ 44

Table 20. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=10) and those without (absent n=22) the
spring peeper in northern Minnesota, 1997. ............................................................. 48

Table 21. Significant results of Kruskal- Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n= 2) and those without (absent n=3 0) the
northern leopard frog In northern Minnesota, 1997. ................................................. 49

Table 22. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=3 0) the
boreal chorus frog in northern Minnesota, 1997 ....................................................... 50

Table 23. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=1) and those without (absent n=32) the
eastern garter snake in northern Minnesota, 1997. ................................................... 51

Table 24. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation

attributes between units with (present n=7) and those without (absent n=25) the
blue-spotted salamander in northern Minnesota, 1997. ............................................ 51

vii

Table 25. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=2 8) and those without (absent n=4) the
wood frog in northern Minnesota, 1997. .................................................................. 52

Table 26. Mean number of American toads by unit number and overall. ....................... 54

Table 27. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present) and those without (absent) American toads in
northern Minnesota, 1997. ........................................................................................ 55

Table 28. Microhabitats and herptile species found in those microhabitats by search
method in northern Minnesota, 1997. ....................................................................... 57

Table 29. Shannon-Weaver diversity index values (H’) by ELU for all methods
combined, traps, plot searches, and time searches in northern Minnesota, 1997. 60

Appendix A Table 1. Keys to habitat type classes and vegetation growth stages as
indicated in the Ecosystem Diversity Matrix (EDM). .............................................. 84

Appendix A Table 2. Tree species codes used with scientific and common names ........ 86
Appendix B Table 1. Large trees dbh (in) and height (ft).sample size, means, variances,
standard deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU and

species“. ..................................................................................................................... 88

Appendix B Table 2. Large trees dbh (in) and height (it) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and species'.

................................................................................................................................... 92
Appendix B Table 3. Large trees stem density (stems/plot) by ELU. ........................... 100
Appendix B Table 4. Large trees stem density (stems/plot) by unit number. ............... 102

Appendix B Table 5. Small trees diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums, and maximums by ELU and species”. ..... 104

Appendix B Table 6. Small trees diameter (in) and height (it) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and species“.

................................................................................................................................. l 08
Appendix B Table 7. Small trees stem density (stems/plot) by ELU and species. ........ 117
Appendix B Table 8. Small trees stem density (stems/plot) by unit number and species.
Marianna...'(‘gysargagt'zaymmam... “8

deviations, standard errors, minimums, and maximums by ELU and decay“. ....... 120

viii

 

Appendix B Table 10. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and decay“.
................................................................................................................................. 122

Appendix B Table 1 1. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU, species, and decay“.
................................................................................................................................. 126

Appendix B Table 12. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number, decay and
species“. ................................................................................................................... l3 1

Appendix B Table 13. Snag stem density (stems/plot) by ELU and decay“. ................. 137

Appendix B Table 14. Snags stem density (stems/plot) by ELU, decay and species“... 138

Appendix B Table 15. Snag stem density (stems/plot) by unit number and decay‘. ..... 140
Appendix B Table 16. Snag stem density by unit number, decay, and species‘l ............ 141
Appendix B Table 17 . Snag area by ELU and decay‘. .................................................. 143
Appendix B Table 18. Snag area by ELU, decay and speciesll ...................................... 144
Appendix B Table 19. Snag area by unit number and decay3 ........................................ 146
Appendix B Table 20. Snag area by unit number, decay and species”. ......................... 147

Appendix B Table 21. Stump diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELUll ........................... 149

Appendix B Table 22. Stump diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and age
class‘I ........................................................................................................................ 151

Appendix B Table 23. Stump diameter (in) and height (it) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU, species, and age
class“ ........................................................................................................................ 155

Appendix B Table 24. Stump diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number, species and
age class“. ................................................................................................................ 161

Appendix B Table 25. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by ELU and age class. .......... 168

ix

Appendix B Table 26. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by ELU, age class and species.

................................................................................................................................. 169
Appendix B Table 27. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by unit number and age class".171
Appendix B Table 28. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by unit number, age class and '

species“. ................................................................................................................... 172
Appendix B Table 29. Stump area by ELU and age class. ............................................ 174
Appendix B Table 30. Stump area by ELU, age class and species. .............................. 175
Appendix B Table 31. Stump area by unit number and age class“. ............................... 177
Appendix B Table 32. Stump area by unit number, age class and species“ ................... 178

Appendix B Table 33. Coarse woody debris diameter (in) and length (ft) means,
variances, standard deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by decay
class“ ........................................................................................................................ 180

Appendix B Table 34. Coarse woody debris stem density by ELU in logs per vegetation
plot. ......................................................................................................................... 183

Appendix B Table 35. Coarse woody debris density in logs per vegetation plot by ELU
and decay class“. ..................................................................................................... 184

Appendix B Table 36. Coarse woody debris density in logs per vegetation plot by unit
number“. .................................................................................................................. 185

Appendix B Table 37. Coarse woody debris density in logs per vegetation plot by unit
number and decay class. ......................................................................................... 186

Appendix B Table 38. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 0. ........................................................................................................... 188

Appendix B Table 39. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 1. ........................................................................................................... 188

Appendix B Table 40. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 2. ........................................................................................................... 189

Appendix B Table 41. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 3. ........................................................................................................... 189

Appendix B Table 42. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 4. ........................................................................................................... 190

Appendix B Table 43. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 5. ........................................................................................................... 190

Appendix B Table 44. Understory cover means by unit nurnberand understory cover
class at strata level 0. .............................................................................................. 191

Appendix B Table 45. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 1. .............................................................................................. 192

Appendix B Table 46. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 2. .............................................................................................. 193

Appendix B Table 47. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 3. .............................................................................................. 194

Appendix B Table 48. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 4. .............................................................................................. 195

Appendix B Table 49. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 5. .............................................................................................. 196

Appendix B Table 50. Percent canopy cover summary by ELU. Tallveg is percent
canopy cover above 4.88 m, and allveg is percent canopy cover when any cover at
all was detected. ...................................................................................................... 197

Appendix B Table 51. Percent canopy cover summary by unit number. Tallveg is percent
canopy cover above 4.88 m, and allveg is percent canopy cover when any cover at

all was detected. ...................................................................................................... 198
Appendix B Table 52. Mean soil moisture and pH by ELU. ......................................... 199
Appendix B Table 53. Mean soil moisture and pH by unit number. ............................. 200
Appendix B Table 54. Results of all correlations by ELU. ........................................... 201
Appendix B Table 55. Results of all correlations by unit number ................................. 208
Appendix B Table 56. Total number of herps found in timed searches by species ....... 224
Appendix B Table 57. Total number of herps found in plot searches by species ........... 225
Appendix B Table 58. Total number of herps found in traps by species ........................ 226

xi

Appendix B Table 59. Total number of herps found in incidental sightings by Species.

................................................................................................................................. 227
Appendix B Table 60. Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix for ELUs ................... 228
Appendix B Table 61. Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix for unit numbers. ........... 228
Appendix B Table 62. ELUs and corresponding symbols for principal components

analyses graphs. ...................................................................................................... 229
Appendix B Table 63. Unit numbers and given symbols for principal componenets

analyses graphs by unit number. ............................................................................. 230

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Map of Minnesota with Boise Cascade Corporation lands highlighted. ............ 9

Figure 2. Diagram of drift fence array used in northern Minnesota, 1997. Lines are drift
fences, rectangles are funnel traps, and circles are pitfall traps. ............................... 15

Figure 3. Diagram of vegetation plot used to sample vegetation in sites. ....................... 21

Figure 4. Shannon-Weaver diversity index values for all data combined (plot searches,
timed searches, and traps) and trap data alone. ......................................................... 61

Appendix B Figure 1. Plot of the first two principal components by ELU:
PRIN2*PRIN1. See Appendix B Table 60 for ELUs corresponding with symbols.
................................................................................................................................. 231

Appendix B Figure 2. Plot of the first and third principal components by ELU:
PRIN3*PRIN1. See Appendix B Table 60 for ELUs corresponding with symbols.
................................................................................................................................. 232

Appendix B Figure 3. Plot of the second and third principal components by ELU:
PRIN3*PRIN2. See Appendix B Table 60 for ELUs corresponding with symbols.

................................................................................................................................. 233
Appendix B Figure 4. Plot of first two principal components by unit number:

PRIN2*PRIN1. See Appendix B Table 61 for unit numbers associated with

symbols. .................................................................................................................. 234

Appendix B Figure 5. Plot of the first and third principal components by unit number:
PRIN3’PRIN1 . See Appendix B Table 61 for unit numbers associated with
symbols. .................................................................................................................. 235

Appendix B Figure 6. Plot of the second and third principal components by unit number:
PRIN3‘PRIN2. See Appendix B Table 61 for unit numbers associated with
symbols. .................................................................................................................. 236

xiii

INTRODUCTION

Importance of studying herptiles

Herptiles are an important, yet frequently overlooked, taxonomic group to
examine in ecological studies. They often play an essential role in forested natural
communities. Salamanders, for example, have a significant role in nutrient cycling by
regulating invertebrate populations that help break down the leaf litter (Burton and
Likens 1975a). They are also substantial sources of energy for predators because their
tissue is higher in protein than that of birds or mammals (Burton and Likens 1975a).
They can be an abundant portion of vertebrate biomass in a forest as well. In a New
Hampshire forest, there were more salamanders than birds or mammals (Burton and
Likens 1975b). Despite these important roles, herps are generally poorly studied
vertebrates.

There has been a recent shifi towards examining herps in more depth in ecological
studies partly due to concern about the decline of amphibian populations (Wyman 1990,
Johnson 1992, Blaustein et a1. 1994, Blaustein and Wake 1995). Possible reasons for this
decline range from habitat fragmentation to chemical pollutants to the depletion of the
ozone layer. Whether this decline is significantly different from that of other taxonomic
groups in the general biodiversity crisis has not been agreed upon, but most scientists
concede that there are fewer amphibians and species of amphibians than there have been
historically (Wyman, 1990, Johnson 1992, Blaustein et a1. 1994, Pechmann and Wilbur
1994, Blaustein 1994, Blaustein and Wake 1995). This decline makes the herpetofauna

an even more interesting and important group to study. With more basic ecology studies

on herps, we can add to the small existing knowledge base, which may eventually help

find an answer to their decline.

Herpetofaunal habitat associations

One important aspect of herpetofaunal biology that is beginning to be studied
more is habitat associations. It has been shown that herpetofaunal species distribution,
abundance, and diversity may vary according to different habitats (Jones 1988, Karns
1988, Degraaf and Rudis 1990) and habitat structure (Pais et a1. 1988, Raphael 1988,
Welsh and Lind 1988) within the same geographical region. These attributes of the
herpetofauna may depend upon such characteristics of the habitat as biomass of
nonwoody vegetation (Pais et a1. 1988), presence of coarse woody debris (Aubry et al.
1988, Bury and Corn 1988, Whiles and Grubaugh 1996), amount of leaf litter (Petranka
et a1. 1993), overstory and understory vegetation species composition, canopy cover (Ash
1988, Kams 1988), and pH (Wyman and Hawksley-Lescault 1987, Kams 1992) and
moisture (Welsh and Lind 1988, Dupuis et a1. 1995) of the soil. Coarse woody debris is
important to herps for reproduction, feeding, tlrennoregulation, protection from
dessication, and as refugia from predators (Whiles and Grubaugh 1996). Other types of
cover, such as the bases of ferns, moss, and bark are also used by herptiles (Dupuis et a1.
1995). Amphibian populations and their ability to breed may be affected by pH (Degraaf
and Rudis 1990, Kams 1992) and moisture (Dupuis et a1. 1995) of soil and surrounding
water due to their need for water to reproduce. Karns (1988) commented that forest
structural complexity is perhaps one of the most important factors in determining

herpetofaunal species richness, diversity and abundance.

When studying individual species, different habitat characteristics may have
varying degrees of importance. One study in Kentucky, for example, found that
American toads were associated with dense herbaceous cover in forest clearings (Pais et
al. 1988). Another study found that 30% of individuals of Plethodon vehiculum, a
terrestrial salamander species, were associated with logs (Dupuis et a1. 1995). Specific
species requirements may vary somewhat, but for herptiles, it is easier to generalize
requirements and habitats between amphibians and reptiles. Reptiles, for example, often
favor clearcut plots over forested plots due to the increase in temperature in the clearcuts
from the absence of canopy cover (Bury and Corn 1988; Phelps and Lancia 1995). This
would generally not be true for most amphibians due to their need for constant moisture.
Knowledge of these kinds of specific species requirements, and general taxonomic
requirements, can have important implications, such as in ecosystem management.

The focus of forest management has historically been towards large species and
game animals, while reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals have been neglected (Bury
et a1. 1980). With recent concerns about habitat fragmentation and the loss of
biodiversity, land managers are attempting to adjust some of their ecosystem
management practices according to requirements of these lower profile species. This
study is an investigation into herpetofaunal habitat associations and is being done as part
of an ecosystem management study in northern Minnesota by Boise Cascade Corporation
(BCC). Unfortunately, there is a lack of literature on including herps in large-scale
ecological classification systems. This ecosystem management effort is attempting to
characterize a landscape as a coarse filter for ecological communities. The coarse filter

approach involves investigating communities in different vegetation growth stages and

habitat type classes in a region (Haufler et a1.“ 1996). Documenting distributions and
abundances of herpetofauna using this coarse filter approach will allow data about these
species to be incorporated in landscape planning efforts.

Much of the forested lands of Minnesota have been harvested for timber use for
more than a century by the state, counties, and private owners (F relich 1995). This has
created a large land area with different aged, although generally young, forests (Frelich
1995). BCC owns 125,455 hectares of land in northern Minnesota, covering many
habitat type classes and growth stages, making this area an important one for the study of

herpetofaunal habitat associations.

Herpetofaunal sampling methods

Amphibians and reptiles are difficult organisms to study due to their secretive
habits, making another reason relatively little research has been conducted on them.
Amphibians often come to the surface of leaf litter only when they are preparing to
overwinter in the fall, in the spring during breeding season, or to forage for invertebrates
in the rain, and ofien at night. Because amphibians and reptiles are ectothennic, they are
completely inactive during the winter. Since herps are difficult to study in their natural
habitats, more work needs to be done on evaluating sampling methods for studying them.
Effectiveness of search methods often depends on habitat and environmental factors, such
as time of day, amount of rainfall, temperature, and acidity of the soil (Kams 1986).

Some sampling methods that have been used successfully in other studies include
drift fence arrays with pitfall traps, which were successful in sampling amphibians, but

not reptiles in Douglas-fir forests in the western United States (Bury and Corn 1988).

Other studies have found that the pitfall arrays are most efficient during periods of
precipitation or soon thereafter (V ogt and Hine 1982). In fact, drift fences with pitfall
traps seem to be the most efficient sampling technique for herps, although they also insert
certain biases into the study, such as those due to morphology, behavior, and ecology of
the organisms (Gibbons and Scmlitsch 1981). Time-constrained or plot searches are
other techniques that have been employed in studies, but they generally do not provide
enough animals to complete quantitative analyses (Bury and Corn 1988). These types of
searches may still be necessary to determine more specific microhabitat associations

(V ogt and Hine 1982) or for temporal studies (Gibbons and Scmlitsch 1981) and to
attempt to avoid the biases of using only pitfall trap arrays. Therefore, the survey of all
herps in an area, depending on the questions being asked, requires more than one survey
technique (Corn and Bury 1990). An additional goal of this study is to examine the
relative success of different sampling methods for amphibians and reptiles in northern

Minnesota.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this research are the following:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

To determine herpetofaunal species distribution and their relative abundance in
different ecological land units as described by habitat type classes and growth
stages in northern Minnesota.

To determine herpetofaunal species richness and diversity in different ecological
units as described by habitat type classes and growth stages in northern
Minnesota.

To compare herpetofaunal species abundance, distribution, diversity and richness
with various stand characteristics such as soil pH, understory vegetation cover,
and overstory canopy closure.

To compare 3 sampling methods: area-constrained searches, time-constrained
searches, and drift fences with pitfall traps in surveying the herpetofauna in
northern Minnesota.

To provide recommendations to Boise Cascade Corporation on how to continue to

monitor the herpetofauna on their lands.

METHODS

Study Site Description

This study, an extension of the cooperative ecosystem management project of
Boise Cascade Corporation (BCC) and Michigan State University (MSU), was conducted
in 1996 and 1997 in and around Koochiching County, Minnesota (Figure 1).
International Falls, Minnesota, in Koochiching County, is found at a latitude of 48° 33’
59” N and longitude of 93° 24’ 11” W, which is an area with extremely cold winters with
much snowfall. The normal daily maximum temperature from October through March
varies monthly from 51.8°F in October to 32.8, 16.6, 11.9, 19.3, and 32.8°F in March.
The highest normal daily maximum temperature in the summer is 78.8°F in July. Normal
snowfall from October through March is 1.9 inches in October to 11.2, 12.8, 13.4, 8.9,
and 9.3 inches in March (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1998).

Eight different types of sites were tentatively identified using an incomplete
Ecosystem Diversity Matrix (EDM) in the 1996 field season. An EDM is a matrix with 2
axes, one for habitat type classes, and one for vegetation growth stages (Haufler et a1.
1996). Each element, or cell within the matrix is called an ecological land unit (ELU),
and these ELUs characterize the northern Minnesota vegetation. Most of the ELU sites
were on land owned by BCC, although some were also on state and county lands.

During the 1996 field season, sites were chosen according to soil type, overstory
vegetation, understory vegetation, and in the cases of the wet sites, ground vegetation,
from BCC protocol (Table 1). This initial site selection was done using gross vegetation

characteristics which eventually helped BCC define their full EDM, completed in the

spring of 1998. Once the EDM was completed, these sites were fit into the habitat type
classes and vegetation growth stages stated within it. Due to the iterative method with
which the ELUs were ultimately classified, the resulting number of ELUs sampled does
not represent the entire matrix, and there was not equal replication within the ELUs that
were sampled. There were from 1 to 4 sites within each ELU, and a total of 12 ELUS
sampled. Each ELU was designated by vegetation growth stage and habitat type,
described by overstory vegetation, soil moisture and soil nutrients (Table 2, Appendix A

Table 1).

Herpetofaunal sampling methods

Multiple sampling methods are most effective for studies of herpetofaunal species
diversity (Corn and Bury 1990, Mitchell et al. 1993). Drifi fences and pitfall traps have
been shown to be effective means of capturing the herpetofauna in various habitat type
classes and different aged stands (Gibbons and Bennett 1974, Gibbons and Scmlitsch
1981 , Enge and Marion 1986, Corn and Bury 1990, Mitchell et al. 1993), although they
alone are not sufficient to determine species diversity (Corn and Bury 1990). Therefore,
this study used a combination of drifi fences with pitfall and funnel traps and time—
eonstrained and area-constrained searches for the herpetofaunal survey in 1997. In
addition to these trapping and search methods, incidental observations of herpetofauna

were also recorded, although these animals were not marked (see below).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

fluke “calm
flaunt: Mm“?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Map of Minnesota with Boise Cascade Corporation lands highlighted.

9

Table 1. Initial ecological sampling unit selection criteria for Boise Cascade
Corporation’s Ecosystem Diversity Matrix, 1996“.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

tamarack overstory
tamarack, black spruce understory
moss ground cover

 

Early Successional Late Successional
’"Dry >2fi. sandy soil >2a. sandy soil
aspen overstory aspen and balsam fir overstory
balsam fir understory balsam fir understory
Mesic clayey-loam over clay soil clayey-loam over clay soil
aspen overstory aspen and balsam fir overstory
balsam fir understory balsam fir understory
Shallow 6-8” and no more than 2’ organic soil 6-8”Land no more than 2’ organic
Wet black ash, balm of gilead, aspen soil
overstory white cedar overstory
white cedar understory white cedar understory
sedges, herbs, ferns ground cover sedges, herbs, ferns ground cover
DeepI—Net >36” organic peat soil >36” organic peat soil

black spruce overstory
black spruce understory
moss ground cover

 

“Scientific names of above species:

Aspen Populus spp.
Balm-of-Gilead Populus balsamrfera
Balsam Fir Abies balsamea
Black Ash Fraxinus nigra
Black Spruce Picea mariana
Tamarack Larix laricina

White cedar Thuja occidentalis

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13

Drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps

One array of drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps was installed 50 m from an
edge into each site. The drift fence arrays were constructed of 50 cm wide aluminum
flashing, partially buried in the ground, so that approximately 30 cm of the aluminum was
above the ground. The arrays consisted of 3 arms of aluminum sheeting 7.0 m long,
radiating out approximately 120 degrees from each other. Pitfall traps were constructed
of 2 number 10 cans, 1 with both ends opened, and 1 with only 1 end opened, attached
together with silicone sealant to prevent leakage (Kams 1986), and duct tape. These were
then set in the ground so that the open top was flush with the surface of the ground. Each
of the traps had a rock placed in it to secure the trap and allow a place of refuge when the
traps filled with water. This rock was intended to not be large enough to enable escape
from the trap. A pitfall trap was placed at both ends of each of the arms of the drift
fences, With a raised plywood cover over the top of the trap to protect the animals from
weather extremes and to slow the accumulation of rain water (Figure 2).

Funnel traps were constructed of a piece of window screen rolled into a cylinder,
and two other pieces of window screen rolled into cones and placed inside each end of
the cylinder. The cylinder was 25 cm in diameter and 76 cm long, as suggested by Heyer
et al.(1994). One funnel trap was placed between pitfall traps along each of the drift

fences and was shaded with either leaf litter or moss (Figure 2).

l4

 

Figure 2. Diagram of drift fence array used in northern Minnesota, 1997. Lines are drift
fences, rectangles are fimnel traps, and circles are pitfall traps.

15

Every trap was opened for 5 consecutive nights during each month of the field season and
was checked daily. Due to time constraints and distance between sites, only traps on half
of the sites were open at one time, which resulted in 2 sets of 5 consecutive trapping
nights per month. These 2 trapping sets were right after each other, resulting in 5 days of
trapping, one day off, and 5 more days of trapping. The operable periods for the traps
were: May 26 - June 6, June 23 - July 4, and July 21 - August 1, 1997. The animals
found in the traps were marked by toe-clipping and released to determine recaptures.
They were marked only to determine whether they had been caught previously, and not
for individual recognition. All trapping and handling procedures were approved by the
Michigan State University All University Committee on Animal Use and Care (approval
#06/96-066-00).

Time and area-constrained searches

In addition to trapping, every site was surveyed using time-constrained and area-
constrained searches for herpetofauna. For the area-constrained searches, the minimum
amount of quadrats searched was 1 quadrat for approximately every 12.14 hectares (30
acres) of a site, searched once during the field season, e.g. a 24.28 hectare (60 acre) site
had 2 quadrats searched (Table 3). The quadrats were 5 m by 20 In, and 50 m apart.
Area-constrained searching included thoroughly searching the quadrat for herptiles, such
as looking under all leaf litter, around tree stumps, under any woody debris, or anywhere
else a herptile may be found within the quadrats. The searcher(s) started at one comer of
a quadrat, and walked horizontal transects back and forth, sweeping the quadrat until
reaching the opposite comer, or reaching the other searcher who would have started at the

opposite corner. Searching was done within 48 hours after rainfall, since herps often

16

emerge to forage after precipitation (Kams 1986). During these searches the herps
encountered were also toe-clipped for recognition.

Time-constrained searching included searching for herptiles in a site for a total of
1 continuous person-hour. These searches occurred over the course of the field season.
There was no designated area for searching; only time was standardized. Observers
looked only in areas where they thought herps might be found, but not as closely or
intensively as with the area-constrained searches. Examples of areas where herps might
be found were under coarse woody debris, under litter and around stumps. Time-
constrained searching was also completed within 48 hours after rainfall, and the animals

were toe-clipped for recognition.

Vegetation sampling

Vegetation data were used for analyses for this study to help identify site
attributes related to herpetofaunal presence or absence, species richness, or diversity.
Field methods for the vegetation sampling followed the protocol developed by BCC and
MSU, which was established and used in the 1996 and 1997 field seasons (Campa et al.
1996 and 1997). When necessary, protocol was altered between the 2 field seasons, but
the methods remained comparable. Three rectangular macro vegetation plots per site, 14
x 21 m in size were established and divided into a grid of 6 square micro plots, 7 x 7 m
(Figure 3). The first plot in a site was 50 m from the edge, the second 100 m from the
first, and the third 100 m from the second.

Canopy closure was estimated using moosehoms at the NE, NW, SE, and SW
corners, and the north central point in the plot. Cover was recorded as being a “hit” if

canopy cover appeared through the moosehom either at 4.88 m or at all. A GPS reading

17

Table 3. Number of acres of sites and number of quadrats that were searched for herps in
those sites in northern Minnesota in 1997.

 

 

ELU Unit # Acres # Quadrats ELU Unit # Acres # Quadrats
No. searched No. searched
Efip) 23 54 6 LM(m) 13 38 2
LM(m) 34 47 2
EM(p) 3 21 1 LM(m) 39 1 1 1 4
EM(p) 4 70 2 LM(m) 40 76 3
EM(p) 22 16 2
EM(p) 24 64 3 LW(vp) 28 33 2
LW(vp) 30 113 4
EW(m) 19 32 2 LW(vp) 31 27 l
EW(m) 20 28 1 LW(vp) 32 37 3
MM(p) 21 49 2 LW(p) 6‘ 130 4
LW(p) 8 92 3
MM(m) 9 19 2
MM(m) 11 168 6 LW(pm) 45 58 2
MM(m) 16 109 4 LW(pm) 46 82 3
MM(m) 38 124 4 LW(pm) 47 28 l
LW(pm) 48 10 1
MW(p) 5 30 2
MW(p) 7 222 8 LW(m) 17 67 2
LW(m) 18 23 1
MW(m) 1 25 1
MW(m) 2 55 2

 

l8

was also taken at the north central point. We. recorded dbh and species (see Appendix A
Table 2 for species codes used for all small trees, large trees, snags and stumps) of small
trees (<10.3 cm dbh) in 12.25 m2 quarter-circle plots within each comer of the macro
plot. From the NW to the NE corners; from the SE comer, going north 14 m; and from
the SW corner going north 14 m we recorded understory cover and coarse woody debris
along transects at 0.6 m intervals in the 1996 field season. In 1997 this was altered so the
coarse woody debris was measured along the east and west transects of the macro plot,
and the percent understory cover was measured at each corner of the macro plot and
every 7 m around the perimeter, making a total of 10 points measured. Percent
understory cover was estimated by recording the interception of cover classes within each
of 6 strata delineated every 0.98 m on two, 2.44 m poles joined together. The different
cover classes of the understory cover were defined as litter (L), grass (G), forb (F), shrub
(S), live stern (T), rock (R), mineral soil (0), moss (M), slash (H), or coarse woody debris
(>10.3 cm diameter) (C). For coarse woody debris, we recorded transect number,
position of reading along the transect, total length of the debris, diameter at the large end
of the debris, and decay class (Table 4). Species, dbh, and height of large trees 210.3 cm
dbh were also recorded in each macro plot. Every snag with 210.3 cm diameter and 1.8
m tall or greater, and every stump 10.3 cm or greater in diameter and less than 1.8 m in
height were recorded in each macro plot. For each snag, species, diameter, height, and
decay class were recorded (Table 5). For each stump, species, diameter, height, and age
class were recorded (Table 6). Moisture and pH were measured using a Kelway soil pH

and moisture meter, at the north central point in each macro plot.

19

Data Analysis
By ELU

The herpetofaunal data were examined in 3 ways: as species presence/absence,
total number of individuals recorded, and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (Shannon
and Weaver 1949). The Shannon-Weaver diversity index and total number of individuals
recorded were corrected both for the number of plots searched per ELU and the number
of sites within an ELU. Vegetation data were tested for normality within each ELU using
the Shapiro-Wilk (W) statistic within the univariate procedure in the SAS/STAT program
version 6.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), and for equal variances among ELUs using
the modified Levene’s test (N eter et al. 1996). Spearman rank-order correlation
coefficients (Siegel and Castellan, Jr. 1988) were calculated between the number of
herps caught, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index value and the mean values of each of
the vegetation attributes (e. g. mean large tree dbh, height and stem density).

For correlation analyses involving large trees and small trees the following
vegetation variables were used: mean dbh, mean height, and stem density, measured as
stems per vegetation plot. The formula used to determine stem density was the total
number of stems measured in an ELU divided by the number of vegetation plots
measured in that ELU. To convert stems per plot to stems per hectare, the following
formulas can be used: for large trees, snags and stumps, divide the stems per plot value
by 0.029 ha (size of the macro vegetation plot) to obtain stems per hectare; for small
trees, divide the stems per plot value by 0.004 ha (size of 4 comer plots) to obtain stems

per hectare. Correlations were calculated using the overall ELU mean value of each

20

0.029 ha (294 sq. m) Macro
plot with 6 - 0.004 ha (49 sq.
m) Micro plot

/

0.001 ha (12.25 sq. m) comer
plot

‘/

   

------1-------.

Figure 3. Diagram of vegetation plot used to sample vegetation in sites.

21

Table 4. Coarse woody debris decay classes used for vegetation sampling of sites.

 

 

my Bark #Twigs >3cm Texture Shape Color of Portion of
Class in length Wood“ log on
ground
1 intact present intact round original log elev. on
color support
points
2 intact absent intact to round original log sagging
partly soft color slightly
3 trace absent hard, large round original to log sags near
pieces faded ground
4 absent absent small, soft round to light brn to all of log on
blocky oval faded brn or ground
pieces yellow
5 absent absent soft and oval faded to It. all of log on
powdery yellow or ground
gray

 

jlAbbreviations: brn = brown, lt = light

Table 5. Snag decay classes used for vegetation sampling of sites. If snags were burned
more than 50%, letter B was added to the end of the snag decay class.

 

 

—Decay Bark Heartwood Sapwood Limbs Top Bole
Class Decay Decay Breakage Form
1 tight, intact none to none to mostly may be intact
minor initial present present

2 50% loose none to none to small limbs may be intact
or missing advanced initial missing present

3 >75% incipient to none to few usually mostly
missing advanced 25% remaining 1/3 intact

4 >75% incipient to 25%-50% few usually starting to
missing advanced remaining 1/3-1/2 lose form

5 >75% advanced >50% absent usually form
missing to crumbly advanced 1/2+ mostly

lost

 

22

Table 6. Stump age classes used for vegetation sampling of sites. If stumps were burned
more than 50%, the letter B was added to the end of the stump age class.

 

Stump Age Class Description

 

1 Recent, 0-25 years, solid, bark still intact.
2 Old, 25-50 years, generally bark is loose, stump soft.
3 Very old, >50 years, no bark, sometimes very hard, sometimes bark

exists, but no center wood.

 

vegetation attribute measured and the mean value by ELU and species (Appendix B
Tables 1-53). All vegetation mean values are corrected for both number of replicates of
an ELU and for the number of vegetation plots measured within each ELU.

The variables used for correlation analyses involving snags and stumps included
mean diameter, mean height, stem density, and area. Area was determined to be the
overall horizontal area of all snags or stumps measured in an ELU. This was calculated
by the area of a circle formula: 1r*radiusz, which when applied to the data was:
1r*(dbh/2 "' dbh/2) for individual dbh measurements in an ELU. This was then corrected
for the number of replicates of an ELU and number of vegetation plots, then summed by
ELU to get the overall area value by ELU. Correlations with the variables for snags and
stumps used the overall value for each ELU, ELU value by species, ELU value by decay
class, and ELU value by species and decay class (Appendix B Tables 9-32).

Coarse woody debris (CWD) variables used were diameter, length, and density,
by overall ELU values, and ELU values by decay class (Appendix B Tables 33-37).
Density of CWD in logs/ha was determined by the formula: X= 105 * 1r/2L * 2(l/li),
where 105 is the number of meters2 in a hectare, L = length of transect, and l; = length of
CWD (deVries 1986). Understory cover data were summarized by calculating the mean

number of times a variable, such as grass (G), was found in each stratum level.

23

Correlation analyses used ELU mean values (Appendix B Tables 38-49). Canopy data
were summarized by calculating the mean number of times there was found to be cover
either above 4.88 m, or at all, by ELU (Appendix B Tables 50-51). Soil correlations were
completed on the ELU mean soil pH and moisture values (Appendix B Tables 50-53).
Overall stem density was calculated using the total number of large trees, small trees,
snags and stumps per plot by ELU.

A principal components analysis (PCA) (Neter et al. 1996) was done to test for
vegetation similarities among ELUs. Pairwise plots of the first 3 principal components
were constructed to determine whether the ELUs fell together when graphed using the
PCA as predicted by the EDM.

For each herp species, sites were divided into those that had a species and those
that did not have that species. A Kruskal-Wallis test (Siegel and Castellan, Jr. 1988) was
then used to test for vegetation differences between these ELUs for each herp species.
The Kruskal-Wallis test was also used to compare differences in numbers of individuals
of herps or Shannon-Weaver values between certain habitat type classes or vegetation
growth stages within the EDM. For example, one comparison done was between LW(p)
and LW(vp) ELUs, which would be a comparison to test for the effects of poor versus
very poor soil in an older, wet site. These tests were completed to determine whether the
herpetofaunal attributes measured followed along the same gradients as would be
expected fiom the matrix

For all correlations and Knrskal-Wallis tests, alpha was set at 0.10. A Bonferroni
correction was used within each set of tests of the same data to maintain the overall

experimentwise error rate at 0.10 (N eter et al. 1996). This strategy preserved the

24

exploratory nature of the analysis by using a fairly liberal alpha of 0.10, but reduced the

probability of making a Type I error by using the Bonferroni correction.

By Unit Number

After completing these statistical tests on the ELUS, it seemed that the next
plausible step would be to also complete these same tests on the individual sites.
Although this does not allow for replication, it seemed that it might provide pertinent
information about vegetation and the herpetofauna that would not otherwise be observed
when constrained by the EDM. Therefore, the previously mentioned statistical tests were
also performed by “unit number”, or individual site, ignoring the ELU and EDM, with
the exception of the last Kruskal-Wallis test mentioned which needed the EDM in order

to be completed (Appendix B Tables 1-53).

25

RESULTS

General vegetation results

Vegetation attributes were summarized by calculating the mean value of each
attribute measured except for stem density and area, which were calculated by previously
stated formulas. Two means were calculated: by ELU, and by individual site, or unit
number (Appendix B). Most vegetation attributes were found to be not normally
distributed, and did not have equal variances among ELUs or sites. Therefore, Spearman
rank correlations and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine the data.

A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was completed on the measured
vegetation attributes by ELU. The PCA accounted for approximately 55% of the ELU
variability within the first 3 eigenvalues. When graphed, the PCA showed a slight
propensity to reflect the EDM in terms of habitat type, but not in terms of vegetation
growth stage (Appendix B Table 60, Figures 1, 2, 3). The 3 ELUs on the more wet end
of the matrix, MW(p), LW(p), and LW(vp), separate out well from the other 9 ELUs, but
these latter 9 ELUs do not to separate out into any meaningful pattern (Table 2,
Appendix B Figure 3).

A PCA was also completed on measured vegetation attributes by unit number to
determine if individual sites, when graphed, made any sort of discemable pattern similar
to or different from the EDM, but no such pattern is discemable (Appendix B Table 61,

Figures 4, 5, 6).

26

Herpetofaunal results

A total of 8 herp species were observed in the ELUs. These included: American
toad (Bufo americanus), boreal chorus fiog (Pseudacris triseriata maculata), gray tree
frog (Hyla versicolor), northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), spring peeper (Pseudacris
crucifer), wood frog (Rana sylvatica), blue-spotted salamander (Ambystoma Iaterale),
and eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis). Only American toads and wood
frogs were found in every ELU. Blue-spotted salamanders and spring peepers were
found in 7 of the 12 ELUs, northern leopard frogs and boreal chorus frogs in 2 ELUs, and
the eastern garter snake and gray tree frog in only 1 ELU each (Table 7).

Herpetofaunal information calculated included mean number of individuals
found, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index values (Shannon and Weaver 1949), and
Pielou’s J evenness values (Hayek and Buzas 1997) by ELU for all search methods
combined, with the exception of incidental sightings. Incidental observations were not
included in these analyses because they could not be standardized the way the other
search methods were, and individuals found by incidental observations were not marked.
Also, all species observed in incidental observations were also found in other methods.
Diversity was similar among most of the ELUs, as was richness and evenness, with
American toads and wood frogs being by far the most abundant species (Tables 7 and 8).
The most diverse ELU was LW(p), and least diverse was LW(vp). The ELU with the
most number of individuals (mean = 63.5) was ED(p), and that with the least (mean =

9.036) was LW(pm) (Table 8). The ELUs with the highest species richness were LM(m)

27

Table 7. ELUs and species found within them in northern Minnesota, 1997 according to
search method“. Numbers in parentheses indicate total number of individuals captured in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

28

 

 

that method.
American Blue- Boreal E. garter Gray N. Spring Wood
toad spotted chorus snake treefrog leopard peeper frog
‘ salamander frog frog
1311(1)) P(1) P(1) P(1)
Tr (11) Tr (5) T (8)
Tr (36)
MG!) P(3) Tr(1) 1‘0) PO)
T (6) Tr (l) T (3)
T5 (69) Tr (31)
' EW(m) T (3) Tr (1) Tr (1) T73)
Tr (66) Tr (34)
(In) P (7) Tr(1) Tr(1) T(Z) P(7)
T (3) Tr (2) T (24)
Tr. (49) Tr
_ (105)
LW(m) P (1) Tr (1) P (2)
T (1) Tr (25)
Tr (13)
'IIWTp) P(8) Tr(l) T(l) P(3) 13(1)
Tr (19) T (1)
F fi Tr (14)
LW(pm) P(l) Tr (1) Tr (1) T(4)
T (3) Tr (6)
Tr (21)
fivTvp) Tr (3 9) Tr (6)
MM(m) T (2) Tr (1) T (1) P (2)
Tr (12) Tr(l) T(3)
_ Tr (17)
MM(p) P (2) Tr (1) T (1) P (3)
T (5) T (1)
_ T rfi(2 1) Tr (l 1)
MW(m) P (3) T (1) Tr (1) Trfi
Tr (13)
(P) P (2) P (1)
T (2) T (2)
Tr (26) Tr (7)
“ P indicates plot search, T indicates time search, and Tr indicates trap.

 

 

Table 8. Shannon-Weaver (S-W) diversity index mean values, Pielou’s J values, mean
number of individuals captured, and species richness of each ELU in northern Minnesota,

 

 

1997.

ELU S-W J Mean captured Richness
ED(p) 0.894 0.634 63.50 4
EM(p) 0.589 0.606 28.50 4
EW(m) 0.713 0.832 54.00 3
MM(p) 0.830 0.599 46.00 4
MM(m) 0.789 0.929 14.82 4
MW(p) 0.531 0.766 20.95 2
MW(m) 0.633 0.574 11.50 4
LM(m) 0.677 0.638 51.20 5
LW(vp) 0.156 . 12.75 2
LW(p) 0.955 0.716 28.28 5
LW(pm) 0.587 . 9.04 4
LW(m) 0.653 0.754 21.50 3

 

and LW(p) with 5 species in each, and those with lowest species richness were MW(p)
. and LW(vp) with 2 species in each (Table 8)

When observed by site, or unit number, the most diverse unit number was number
9, with a Shannon-Weaver value of 1.162, and the least diverse were numbers 28 and 32,
with values of 0. Unit number 9 is in ELU MM(m), and numbers 28 and 32 are LW(vp).
The site with the largest mean number of individuals captured was number 40 (LM(m)),
with 101.158 individuals, and that with the smallest mean was number 28, with only 1

individual captured (Table 9).

ELU herpetofaunal and vegetation results

Correlations

Spearman rank correlations (Siegel and Castellan, Jr. 1988) were calculated

between the means of the vegetation variables, stem densities and areas and Shannon-

29

Table 9. Shannon-Weaver diversity index (S-W) , Pielou’s J, the average number of
herps captured, and species richness by unit number in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Unit No ELU S-W J Mean Richness
captured
1 MW(m) 0.940 0.678 9.75 4
2 MW(m) 0.325 0.469 9.50 2
3 EM(p) 0.667 0.962 21.80 2
4 EM(p) 0.173 0.250 24.00 2
5 MW(p) 0.689 0.994 11.00 2
6 LW(p) 0.852 0.775 27.31 3
_7 MW(p) 0.372 0.537 26.90 2
8 LW(p) 1.057 0.657 19.77 5
9 MM(m) 1.162 0.838 11.00 4
11 MM(m) 0.693 1.000 2.00 2
13 LM(m) 0.892 0.812 15.00 3
16 MM(m) 0.622 0.897 19.13 2
17 LW(m) 0.598 0.863 6.75 2
18 LW(m) 0.709 0.645 36.00 3
19 EW(m) 0.687 0.625 87.00 4
20 EW(m) 0.688 0.993 20.00 2
21 MM(p) 0.830 0.599 44.17 4
22 EM(p) 0.876 0.632 38.00 4
23 ED(p) 0.879 0.634 63.50 4 ‘
24 EM(p) 0.639 0.582 29.80 3
28 LW(vp) 0.000 . 1.00 1
30 LW(vp) 0.173 0.250 24.00 2
31 LW(vp) 0.451 0.650 6.00 2
32 LW(vp) 0.000 . 14.00 1
34 LM(m) 0.780 0.563 36.42 4
38 MM(m) 0.679 0.979 5.13 2
39 LM(m) 0.441 0.636 44.74 2
40 LM(m) 0.595 0.541 101.16 3
45 LW(pm) 0.658 0.949 8.14 2
46 LW(pm) 0.000 . 10.00 1
47 LW(pm) 0.637 0.918 3.00 2
48 LW(pm) 1.055 0.761 14.00 4

 

30

Weaver diversity index values and the mean number of individuals. Even though the
correlation analyses are exploratory in nature, because of the large number of correlations
calculated, only those correlations that were significant at a Bonferroni adjusted alpha of
0.10 and had a sample size of at least 4 are included in these results. Twenty-one
correlations were significant for analyses involving large trees, small trees, snags,
stumps, coarse woody debris, and strata (Table 10, Appendix B Table 54). No significant
correlations were found with canopy, soil, or all density variables. For the analyses
involving small trees, large trees, snags, stumps and coarse woody debris, almost no
correlations were significant without being stratified by species and/or decay class. The
only exception to this was the correlation of large-trees-dbh and number of individuals in
which all 12 ELUs were represented. Not all 12 ELUs were represented in the rest of the
significant correlations, and not every species or decay class was represented in every
ELU. For example, the tree species balsam fir (ABBA) was found in only 10 of the 12
ELUs for small trees.
Overall, significance was found over three times as much for correlations between

vegetation attributes and number of individuals as for the correlations with Shannon-
Weaver values (16 versus 5 times). Tree species that had significant correlations for
small trees, large trees, snags, and stumps for both the Shannon-Weaver diversity index
and number of individuals correlations included ABBA and POBA. The only other
species that showed any significance in the Shannon-Weaver correlations was BEPA, but
there were additional species that were significant in the correlations with the number of
individuals. These included: ACRUl, PIGL and POTRl. ACRUl and PIGL were

significant in the small trees stem density correlation, and POTRl was significant in the

31

large trees diameter, snag diameter, stump diameter, stump stem density, and stump area
correlations. Diameter, height, stem density, and area correlations were significant a total
of 7, l, 6, and 4 times, respectively (Table 10).

Coarse woody debris had 1 significant correlation: with stem density and number
of individuals in decay class 2. The only correlation that was significant for strata data

was litter at level 1 (Table 10).

Kruskal-Wallis tests

Kruskal-Wallis tests (Siegel and Castellan, Jr. 1988) were completed to test for
vegetation differences between ELUs that had each herp species and ELUs that did not.
Each of these was stratified according to the variable by species, decay, or decay and
species, when necessary. Most significance was found when these stratifications were
made.

Spring peepers were found significantly more in ELUs with larger stump height.
They were also found significantly more in ELUs with canopy cover both below 4.88 m
and above 4.88 m than in sites without canopy cover at those places (Table 11). The
northern leopard frog was found in ELUs where coarse woody debris had larger diameter
(Table 12). The boreal chorus frog was found in ELUs where snag diameter was smaller,
and stump height was larger. It was also found where stump stem density and area were
low (Table 13). The gray treefrog and eastern garter snake had no significant ELU
Kruskal-Wallis tests. Blue-spotted salamanders were found significantly more in ELUs
where coarse woody debris had a smaller mean diameter. From the understory cover
data, blue-spotted salamanders were found in ELUs with fewer shrubs at strata level 4

(Table 14).

32

Table 10. Significant Spearman rank correlations between the Shannon-Weaver diversity
index (S-W) and/or mean number of individuals and vegetation attributes by ELU in

northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable Species“/ S-W Number of
Decay individuals
a r 2 n r 2
Small trees by Stem density ACRUl 8 0.881 0.004
species
PIGL 5 0.975 0.005
Large trees dbh 12 0.671 0.017
Large trees by dbh POTRl 9 0.883 0.002
species
Snags by decay Stem density Decay 2 12 0.732 0.007
Area Decay 1 11 0.782 0.005
Snags by decay dbh
and species
Decay 2 POTRl 6 -0.943 0.005
Snags by species dbh POBA 6 0.943 0.005
Height BEPA 7 0.929 0.003
Stem density POBA 6 0.943 0.005
Area POBA 6 0.943 0.005
Stumps by age dbh Age class 3 11 0.718 0.013
class
Stumps by age dbh
class and species
Age class 1 POTRl 7 0.857 0.014
Age class 2 ABBA 6 -0.943 0.005
Stem density
Age class 1 POTRl 7 0.955 0.001
Age class 2 ABBA 6 0.943 0.005

 

33

Table 10 (Cont).

 

 

Variable Species“/ S-W Number of
Decay individuals
2 E 2 I.) I E
Area
Age class 1 POTRl 7 0.857 0.014
Stumps by Area ABBA 8 0.810 0.015
species
POTRl 7 0.929 0.003
CWD by decay Stem density Decay 2 12 0.664 0.019
Strata“ L=1 12 0.809 0.001

 

Tor a key to species codes, see Appendix A Table 2.
l’Strata level 1 is from 0.1 m to 0.98 m. L is litter

34

Table 11. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=7) and without (absent n=5) the spring peeper in
northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P value Veg Interpretation

- species/decay
¢ (if appl.)
Stumps by age Height 0.0091 Age class 1 found where height is larger
class Present: mean=3l.35

range=23.33 to 38.70 ft.
Absent: mean=29.43
range=22.7l to 34.91 ft.

Canopy allveg=1 0.0493 found where there is more canopy
cover above and below 4.88 m
Present: mean=0.86 range=0.80
to 0.97
Absent: mean=0.74 range=0.52
to 0.83

tallveg=l 0.0145 found where there is more canopy
cover above 4.88 m
Present: mean=0.78 range=0.67
to 0.90
Absent: mean=0.63 range=0.48
to 0.70

 

35

Table 12. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=10) the northern
leopard fi'og in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P value Veg Interpretation
species/Decay
(if appl.)

CWD Diameter 0.0532 found where diameter is larger
Present: mean=7.25 range=5.88
to 9.55 in.

Absent: mean=4.92 range=4 to
16 in.

 

American toads and wood frogs were found in all ELUs, therefore ELUs could not be
divided in the same way they were divided for other species for this analysis. I divided
the ELUs into those that had greater than the overall mean number of individuals for that
species and those that had fewer (Table 15). American toads were found in greater
proportions in ELUS with more slash (strata levels 0 and l) for understory cover, and in
ELUs where the soil was less moist (Table 16).

The wood frog had the most difficult generalities to pick out due to the more
contrasting significant findings. They were found more in ELUs where large tree and
stump diameter was larger, and where small tree diameter was smaller. Also, they were
associated with low stem density for large trees and high stem density for small trees and
stumps. They were found more in ELUs with high stump area and with more slash for

understory cover at strata level 2 (Table 17).

EDM Comparisons

Comparisons of Shannon-Weaver diversity index values and average number of

individuals values between ELUs along axes in the matrix were also completed using the

36

Table 13. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=10) the boreal
chorus frog in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P value Veg Interpretation
species/Decay
(if appl.)

Snags Diameter 0.0371 found where diameter is smaller
Present: mean=5.34 range=4.25
to 9 in.

Absent: mean=6.5 rangefl to
19.5 in.

Stumps Height 0.0317 found where height is larger
Present: mean=2.85 range=2 to
4 ft.

Absent: mean=0.95 range=1 to
5 ft.

Stem density 0.0367 found where stem density is lower
Present: mean=238 range=183
to 293 stems/ha
Absent: mean=297 range=l86 to
435 stems/ha

Area 0.03 67 found where area is lower

Present: mean=21.24
range=l9.05 to 23.43 in.
Absent: mean=l68.64
range=l3.56 to 581.72 in.

 

37

Table 14. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs with (present n=7) and those without (absent n=5) the blue-
spotted salamander by ELU in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

Variable P value Veg Interpretation
species/Decay
I (if appl.) ‘

CWD by decay Diameter 0.1T” Decay class 1 found where diameter is smaller
Present: mean=4.89 range=4 to
6 in.
Absent: mean=8.03 range=5 to
11 in.

Strata“ level 4 0.0056 S found where there is less S
Present: mean=0.02 range=0 to
0.03
Absent: mean=0.03 range=0.03
to 0.13

“Strata level 4 is from 2.94 m to 3.92 m. S = shrubs.

38

Table 15. Mean abundances of American toads and wood frogs captured by ELU and
overall in northern Minnesota, 1997, used to determine which ELUs were above the
average, and which were below for Kruskal-Wallis tests.

 

 

ELU American toad - ELU Wood frog
mean abundance mean abundance
MM(m) 3 .50 MW(m) l .00
LW(pm) 6.04 LW(vp) 1 .50
MW(m) 6.88 LW(pm) 2.25
LW(m) 7.13 MW(p) 4.55
LW(vp) 9.75 MM(m) 5.03
ED(p) 1 1.17 LW(p) 7.54
LM(m) 13.09 EM(p) 8.53
LW(p) 13.81 MM(p) 12.50
MW(p) 14.10 LW(m) 12.75
EM(p) 18.83 EW(m) 18.50
MM(p) 26.33 LM(m) 32.34
EW(m) 34.50 ED(p) 44.17
Mean 13.76 Mean 12.55

 

39

Table 16. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs above (n=5) and those below (n=7) the mean number of
American toads in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

Variable P value

Strata“ level 1 0.0045

level 0 0.0056

Soil moisture 0.0618

Veg
species/Decay
(if appl.)

Interpretation

found where there is more H
Above: mean=0.22 range=0.l3
to 0.32

Below: mean=0.15 range=0 to
0.07

found where there is more H
Above: mean=0.16 range=0.10
to 0.17

Below: mean=0.03 range=0.01
to 0.10

found where soil is less moist
Above: mean=44.88 range=37.5
to 53.3

Below: mean=53.l range=47.5
to 63.7

 

“ Strata level 0 is at ground level, and level 1 is from 0.1 m to 0.98 m. H is slash, F is

forbs, and O is exposed soil.

40

Table 17. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between ELUs above (n=4) and those below (n=8) the average number of wood
frogs in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P value Veg . Interpretation
species“/Decay
fi (if appl.)
Large trees dbh 0.0066 found where dbh is larger
Above: mean=7.06
range=6.68 to 7.79 in.

Below: mean=6.07
range=5.3 to 6.51 in.

Stem density 0.0105 found where stem density is
lower
Above: mean=862
range=838 to 902 stems/ha
Below: mean=1428
range=1069 to 2037
stems/ha

Small trees Diameter 0.0108 found where diameter is
smaller
Above: mean=0.74
range=0.68 to 0.84 in.
Below: mean=1.22
range=0.81 to 2.35 in.

Height 0.0066 found where height is
smaller
Above: mean=5.51
range=5.18 to 6.1 ft.

Below: mean=ll
range=6.98 to 15.47 ft.

Stern density 0.033 found where stem density is
higher
Above: mean=12578
range=10267 to 15168
stems/ha
Below: mean=6448
range=2750 to 9250
stems/ha

 

41

Table 17 (Cont).
Variable P value Veg
species“/Decay
(if appl.)
Stumps by age Diameter 0.014 Decay 3
class

Area 0.0275 Decay 3

Stumps by age Stem density 0.0323 POTRl, Decay 1
class and

species

Stumps Diameter 0.0066
Area 0.033

Strata“ level 2 0.0075 H

Tar a key to species codes, see Appendix A Table 2.
bStrata level 2 is from 0.98 m to 1.96 m. H is slash.

42

Interpretation

found where diameter is
larger

Above: mean=11.94
range=10.47 to 15 in.
Below: mean=7.88 range=5
to 10.62 in.

found where area is higher
Above: mean=98.09
range=58.91 to 154.53 in.
Below: mean=24.98
range=21.08 to 72.01 in.

found where stem density is
higher

Above: mean=20 range=15
to 23.1 stems/ha

Below: mean=10.34
range=5.76 to 14.5 stems/ha

found where diameter is
larger

Above: mean=10.71
range=9.5 to 12.62 in.
Below: mean=7.15
range=5.3 to 9.26 in.

found where area is higher
Above: mean=269.64
range=97.01 to 581.72 in.
Below: mean=91.06
range=l3.56 to 234.83 in.

found where there is more H

Above: mean=0.06 range=0
to 0.23

Below: mean=0 range=0 to

0

Kruskal-Wallis test (Siegel and Castellan, Jr.'1988). These comparisons were between:
MM(m) and LM(m); EW(m), MW(m), and LW(m); MW(p) and LW(P); MW(p),
MW(m), and MM(p); EW(m) and EM(p); LW(pm) and LW(m); and LW(p) and LW(vp).
The comparisons that were significant at the 0.10 level were MM(m) and LM(m) for
average number of individuals (p=0.0433), and LW(p) and LW(vp) (p=0.0603) for the

Shannon-Weaver values (Table 18).

Unit number herpetofaunal and vegetation results

Correlations

Spearman rank correlations (Siegel and Castellan, Jr. 1988) were completed on
means of the vegetation variables, stern densities and areas by individual site, also called
a unit number. Eighteen correlations were found to be significant within large trees,
small trees, snags, stumps, coarse woody debris and strata data (Table 19, Appendix B
Table 55). No correlations were significant in canopy or soil correlations. Within small
trees, large trees, snags, stumps, and coarse woody debris the only correlations that were

significant without being stratified (by species and/or decay) were small

Table 18. P values of comparisons of Shannon-Weaver diversity index (S-W) values and
mean number of individuals between ELUs along different axes within the EDM.

 

 

Tamparisons S-W Mean indivs.
MM(m) & LM(m) 0.5637L 0.0433*
EW(m), MW(m) & LW(m) 1.0000 0.3679
MW(p) & LW(p) 0.1213 0.4386
MW(p), MW(m) & MM(p) 0.7408 0.1653
EW(m) & EM(p) 0.2354 0.5853
LW(pm) & LW(m) 1.0000 0.6434
LW(p) & LW(vp) 0.0603 0.1649

 

43

Table 19. Spearman rank correlations by Shannon-Weaver diversity index and mean
number of individuals values that were significant by unit number.

 

 

Variable Species“/ S-W Number of
Decay individuals
11. I 12 B I 12
Large trees Stern density ABBA 23 0.69 0.0003
by species
PIMA 10 -0.79 0.007
Small trees Stem density 32 0.35 0.05
Snags Stern density 28 0.4 0.037
Area 28 0.37 0.054
Snags by Stern density Decay 2 23 0.46 0.026
decay
Snags by Diameter
decay and
species
Decay 3 POTRl 5 -0.87 0.054
Stern density
Decay 3 POTRl 5 0.949 0.013
Snags by Stem density PIMA 7 -0.87 0.01
species
Stumps by dbh
age class
and species
Age classl POTRl 13 0.77 0.002
Stem density
Age class2 POTRl 8 0.83 0.001
Area
Age classl POTRl 13 0.74 0.004

 

Table 19 (Cont).

 

 

Variable Species“/ S-W Number of
Decay individuals
.11 r 2 I! I 2

Stumps by species Stem density PIMA 8 -0.93 0.001

CWD by decay Stern density Decay 4 23 0.5 0.016
Strata“ H=0 32 0.68 0.0001
L=l 32 0.6 0.0003
H=1 32 0.61 0.0002
T=3 32 0.44 0.012

 

“For a key to species codes see Appendix A Table 2.
l’Str'ata level 0 is at ground level, level 1 is from 0.98 m to 1.96 m, and level 3 is from
1.96 m to 2.94 m. H is slash, L is litter, and T is tree live stems.

45

trees stem density and snag stem density and area with mean number of individuals. As
with the ELU correlations, not all sites were represented in the rest of the significant
correlations. Only those correlations with a sample size of at least 4 are included in these
results, and not every species or decay class is represented in every site.

The number of times Shannon-Weaver correlations were significant versus the
number of times number of individuals correlations were significant was 5 and 13 times,
respectively. The vegetation species that was significant in both the Shannon-Weaver
and number of individuals correlations was POTRl. The vegetation species that was
significant only for the Shannon-Weaver correlations was PIMA, in the correlation with
large trees stem density. The vegetation species that was significant only in the number
of individuals correlations was ABBA, for large trees stem density. Diameter, height,
stem density and area were each significant a total of 4, 0, 8, and 2 times, respectively
(Table 19).

Coarse woody debris had a significant correlation only once: for density and
number of individuals by decay class 4. Correlations that were significant in strata data
were forbs and slash at level 0, litter and slash at level 1, and tree live stems at levels 3

and 5 (Table 19).

Kruskal-Wallis tests

Kruskal-Wallis tests (Siegel and Castellan, Jr. 1988) were completed to test for
vegetation differences between sites that had each herp species compared to those that

did not to look for differences that were not apparent in the tests by ELU. Each of these

46

was stratified when necessary according to the variable by species, decay, or decay and
species, and most significance was found when these stratifications were made.

Spring peepers were found in sites with higher stem density (snags, stumps) and
low stump area (Table 20). northern leopard frogs were found in sites of larger coarse
woody debris diameter (Table 21). Boreal chorus frogs were found in sites of smaller
snag diameter, lower density of coarse woody debris, and more slash and exposed
organic soil at strata level 1 for understory cover (Table 22). Gray treefrogs had no
significant Kruskal-Wallis tests. The eastern garter snake was found in sites with more
slash understory cover at strata level 2 (Table 23). Blue-spotted salamanders were found
in sites of higher stump stem density. They were also found in sites of larger diameter
and longer length for coarse woody debris (Table 24). Wood frogs were found in sites
where coarse woody debris diameter was larger, length was longer, and density was
higher. They were found in sites of less canopy cover both below 4.88 m, and above 4.88
m, as well in sites with more litter at strata level 1 for understory cover (Table 25).

American toads were found in every site, therefore could not be divided in the
same way as the other herp species. 1 divided the sites into those with a number of
American toads that was either higher or lower than the overall mean for that species
(Table 26). American toads were found in sites of smaller diameter (snags, stumps)
vegetation. They were found in sites with more slash at levels 0 and 1, less grass at level

1, and fewer shrubs at strata levels 2 and 3 (Table 27).

47

Table 20. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=10) and those without (absent n=22) the spring
peeper in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P value Veg species“/Decay Interpretation
(if appl.)
Snags by decay Stem 0.0207 Decay 1 found where stem density is
density higher

Present: mean=43.45
range=1 1.38 to 103.45
stems/ha

Absent: mean=34.48
range=11.38 to 137.93

stems/ha
Snags Stem 0.0204 found where stem density is
density higher

Present: mean=l71.03
range=45.86 to 241.38
stems/ha

Absent: mean=92.76
range=23.10 to 161.03
stems/ha

Stumps by age Stern 0.0094 Age class 3, POTRI found where stem density is
class and species density higher
Present: mean=107.59
range=51.72 to 195.52
stems/ha
Absent: mean=26.90
range=1 1.38 to 34.48 stems/ha

Stumps Area 0.0455 PIMA found where area is lower
Present: mean=0.21
range=0.l3 to 0.29 in.
Absent: mean=2.01
range=0.61 to 3.43 in.

 

“For key to species codes, see Appendix A Table 2.

48

Table 21. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=30) the northern
leopard frog in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

Variable P value Veg species/Decay Interpretation
(if appl.)
CWD Diameter 0.0306 found where diameter is

larger
Present: mean=8.98
range=8.55 to 9.4 in.
Absent: mean=5.95
range=4 to 9 in.

49

Table 22. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=2) and those without (absent n=3 0) the boreal

chorus fi'og in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

Variable P value

Snags Diameter 0.0322

CWD Stem 0.0306
density

Strata level 1 0.0593

0.0001

Veg species“/Decay

(if appl)

Interpretation

found where diameter is
smaller

Present: mean=4.58
range=4.5 to 4.67 in.
Absent: mean=6.78
range=4.25 to 14.6 in.

found where stem density is
lower

Present: mean=152.82
range=125.45 to 180.19
logs/ha

Absent: mean=928.39
range=21.65 to 2442.25
logs/ha

found where there is more H
Present: mean=0.28
range=0.23 to 0.33

Absent: mean=0.06 range=0
to 0.53

found where there is more 0
Present: mean=0.04 range=0
to 0.07

Absent: mean=0 range=0 to
0

 

Tor a key to species codes, see Appendix A Table 2.

“Strata level 1 is from 0.1 m to 0.98 m. H is slash, O is exposed soil.

50

Table 23. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=1) and those without (absent n=3 2) the eastern
garter snake in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P value Veg species/Decay Interpretation
(if appl.)
Strata“ level 2 0.0013 H found where there is more H

Present: mean=0.33
Absent: mean=0

 

“Strata level 2 is from 0.98 m to 1.96 m. H is slash.

Table 24. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=7) and those without (absent n=25) the blue-
spotted salamander in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

Variable P Veg species/Decay Interpretation
value (if applicable)
Stumps Stem 0.0495 found where stem density is
density higher

Present: mean=252.76
range=149.31 to 390.69
stems/11a

CWD by decay Diameter 0.0204 Decay class 2 found where diameter is
larger
Present: mean=7.8l
range=4.89 to 13 in.
Absent: mean=5.28
range=4 to 6.43 in.

CWD Length 0.0329 found where length is
longer
Present: mean=35.92
range=24.32 to 88.4 it.
Absent: mean=21.22
range=6 to 37.14 ft.

 

51

Table 25. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present n=28) and those without (absent n=4) the wood

frog in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

Variable P value Veg species/Decay

CWD by decay Diameter 0.0101

Length 0.0223

Stem density 0.0319

Canopy Allveg=0 0.0085

Tallveg=0 0.0037

(if appl.)
Decay class 4

Decay class 1

Decay class 4

Interpretation

found where diameter is
higher

Present: mean=6.34
range=5 to 9.67 in.
Absent: mean=4.22
range=4 to 4.67 in.

found where length is
higher

Present: mean=32.98
range=20 to 48 it.
Absent: mean=11
range=10 to 12 ft.

found where density is
higher

Present: mean=343.73
range=53.22 to 801.19
logs/ha

Absent: mean=l43.69
range=127.73 to 159.66
logs/ha

found where canopy cover
is lower above and below
4.88 m

Present: mean=0.79
range=0.33 to 1.00
Absent: mean=0.88
range=0.73 to 0.93

found where canopy cover
is lower above 4.88 m
Present: mean=0.71
range=0.33 to 0.93
Absent: mean=0.75
range=0.73 to 0.80

 

52

Table 25 (Cont).

Variable P value Veg species/Decay

(if appl.)
Strata“ level 1 0.0075 L

“Strata level 1 is from 0.98 m to 1.96 m. L is litter.

53

Interpretation

found where there is more
L

Present: mean=0. 13
range=0 to 0.47

Absent: mean=0 range=0
to 0

Table 26. Mean number of American toads by unit number and overall.

 

 

Unit no. Mean number
1 7
9
3 8.5
4 23
5 5
6 17.998
7 23.6
8 14.714
9 4
1 1 1
13 7
16 6
17 5
18 10
19 58
20 1 1
21 31
22 22
23 1 1.5
24 23
28 1
30 23
31 1
32 14
34 27.8181
38 3
39 7.2727
40 18.8181
45 5.1429
46 10
47 1
48 8
Overall
Average 20.07407

 

54

Table 27. Significant results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in vegetation
attributes between units with (present) and those without (absent) American toads in

northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

Variable

Snags by decay Diameter

Snags Diameter

Strata“ level 3

level 2

level 1

P
value
0.003

0.0199

0.0049

0.0097

0.0075

0.0045

Veg species/Decay

(if appl.)
Decay 2

Interpretation

found where diameter is
smaller

Present: mean=5.95
range=4.4 to 7 in.
Absent: mean=6.67
range=4 to 13 in.

found where diameter is
smaller

Present: mean=5.58
range=4.25 to 8.9 in
Absent: mean=7.30
range=4.67 to 14.6 in.

found where there is less S
Present: mean=0.026
range=0 to 0.1

Absent: mean=0. 12
range=0 to 0.37.

found where there is less S
Present: mean=0.065
range=0 to 0.3

Absent: mean=0. 19
range=0 to 0.5

found where there is more
H

Present: mean=0.19
range=0 to 0.53

Absent: mean=0.063
range=0 to 0.23

found where there is less G
Present: mean=0.20
range=0.03 to 0.53
Absent: mean=0.41
range=0.08 to 0.68

 

55

Table 27 (Cont).

 

Variable P Veg species/Decay Interpretation
value (if appl.)

level 0 0.0013 H found where there is more
H
Present: mean=0.11
range=0 to 0.3
Absent: mean =0.03
range=0 to 0.2

 

“Strata level 0 is fiom ground level to 0.98 m, level 1 is from 0.98 m to 1.96 m, level 2 is
from 1.96 m to 2.94 m, and level 3 is from 2.94 m to 3.92 m. G is grass, H is slash, F is
forbs, and S is shrub.

Herptile sampling methodology results

This section presents results based on the different methodologies used to capture
herps in this study. Those methodologies were drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps,

time-constrained searches, area-constrained, or plot, searches, and incidental sightings.

Time-constrained searches

The majority of the animals captured in time-constrained searches were American
toads and wood frogs. Additionally, some spring peepers and 2 boreal chorus frogs were
captured with this method. This is the only method in which we captured boreal chorus
frogs. No individuals were captured in the LW(vp) ELU (Table 7). Microhabitats where
species were found in timed searches included: forbs, grass, litter, moss, mud, on or
under logs, and near stumps. The microhabitat where the most individuals were found
was on litter, with 16 American toads, 17 wood frogs, and 3 spring peepers. A number of
wood fi'ogs were also incidentally seen in puddles. Boreal chorus frogs were found on

litter and on moss in the timed searches (Table 28).

56

Table 28. Microhabitats and herptile species found in those microhabitats by search
method in northem Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

_ Plot searches Timed searches Incidentals
Forbs 1 American toad 3 American toads 5 American toads
3 Wood frogs 4 Wood fiogs
1 Spring peeper
Grass 3 Wood frogs
Litter/Slash 19 American toads 16 American toads 39 American toads
13 Wood frogs 17 Wood frogs 45 Wood frogs
1 Blue-spotted 3 Spring peepers 4 Spring peepers
salamander l Boreal chorus frog 1 E. garter snake
Logs (on/in/under) 2 American toads 4 American toads 2 American toads
3 Wood frogs 3 Wood fiogs
Moss 6 American toads 4 Wood frogs 11 American toads
2 Wood frogs 1 Boreal chorus frog 7 Wood frogs
3 Spring peepers 1 Spring peeper
1 E. garter snake
Mossy rock 1 Wood frog
1 E. garter snake
Mud 1 American toad
1 Wood frog
Puddle 1 American toad
13 Wood frogs
2 N. leopard frogs
l E. garter snake
Soil 1 Wood frog
Stump 1 Wood frog

 

Plot searches

American toads and wood frogs were also the main species captured in plot
searches, with the addition of blue-spotted salamanders. Spring peepers were captured in
the LW(p) ELU. No animals were captured in the LW(vp) or EW(m) ELUs using this
method (Table 7). Microhabitats where species were found in plot searches included:
litter, forbs, moss, and in or under logs. The microhabitat where the most individuals
were found was litter, with 19 American toads, 13 wood frogs, and l blue-spotted
salamander. The uncommon species found in plot searches were 3 spring peepers, found

on moss, and l blue-spotted salamander found on litter (Table 28).

Traps

Many more individuals were caught in pitfall and funnel traps than in either the
time or plot searches, including a majority of American toads and wood frogs.
Additionally, more species were captured, including the gray tree frog, northern leopard
frog, and eastern garter snake. Each of these species was captured using only funnel
traps. All species caught in time-constrained searches or plot searches were also caught

in traps, with the exception of the boreal chorus frog (Table 7)

Incidentals

In incidental sightings the same species were found as were found in traps,
excepting the gray tree frog, but fewer numbers of individuals were found, especially for
the American toads and wood frogs. Microhabitats where species were found in
incidental sightings included: moss with forbs or litter, litter and slash, forbs, on or under

a log, on a mossy rock, puddle, and soil. The microhabitat with the most individuals

58

found was litter and slash with 39 American toads, 45 wood frogs, 4 spring peepers, and
1 eastern garter snake. Uncommon species found and associated microhabitats were:
eastern garter snake, on moss, litter and slash, a mossy rock, and a puddle; spring peepers

found on moss, and litter and slash; and the northern leopard frog in puddles (Table 28).

General

Species least observed were the boreal chorus frog, the gray tree frog, and the
northern leopard frog. The eastern garter snake was the only reptile observed; it was
caught once in a LM(m) funnel trap and was observed 4 times in incidental sightings.
The blue-spotted salamander was the only salamander species to be observed, and was
mainly caught in pitfall traps. Spring peepers were never caught in pitfall traps, only
funnel traps (Table 7)

The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (Shannon and Weaver 1949) was calculated
for each of the methods, as well as for all methods combined, demonstrating that the
trapping data were the most similar to that of the overall data in terms of diversity (Table

29, Figure 4).

59

Table 29. Shannon-Weaver diversity index values (H ’) by ELU for all methods
combined, traps, plot searches, and time searches in northern Minnesota, 1997.

 

 

ELU All data Traps Plots Time
H’ H’ H’ H’
ED(p) 0.8935 0.9368 1.0986 0
EM(p) 0.5888 0.5513 0.3466 0.5014
EW(m) 0.7130 0.6853 NONE 0.6931
MM(p) 0.8298 0.7598 0.6730 0.7963
MM(m) 0.7890 0.6352 0 0.1874
MW(p) 0.5306 0.5300 0.6365 0.3183
MW(m) 0.6328 0.5562 0 0
LM(m) 0.6767 0.6618 0.4587 0.1521
LW(vp) 0.1559 0.1559 NONE NONE
LW(p) 0.9545 0.6192 0.6601 0
LW(pm) 0.5873 0.6730 0 0.2243
LW(m) 0.6534 0.7005 0 0

 

60

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.40 .4 1 DA" data “
’ ilTrap data I

 

 

Shannon-Weaver values

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 4. Shannon-Weaver diversity index values for all data combined (plot searches,
timed searches, and traps) and trap data alone.

61

DISCUSSION

Vegetation

An important consideration to take into account when reviewing the results of this
study is the way in which the sites were chosen, and their subsequent placement in the
ecosystem diversity matrix (EDM) (Table 2). Sites were chosen according to gross site
characteristics (i.e. overstory vegetation, understory vegetation, soils), prior to the
completion of the final EDM. Unfortunately, this resulted in many of the sites falling
into similar categories in the final EDM. Had the final EDM been complete before site
selection, sites could have been chosen that reflected the entire diversity inherent in the
matrix, allowing differences in species composition and other characteristics to be
possibly more easily observed.

One result of the site selection process is that the pairwise plots of the first 3
principal components do not show many differences among sites, with the exceptions of
LW(p), LW(vp), and MW(p), which separate from the other sites due to the high
moisture content and apparently low nutrient content of their soil (Appendix B Figures 1,
2, 3). The rest of the 9 sites all lump together as generally mesic, medium-aged stands.
This could be predicted from F relich (1995) who said that Minnesota is generally made

up of young to medium-aged forests due to harvesting that has occurred over the past

century.

62

Herpetofauna

The general herpetofaunal results mimic the vegetation results in that there are not
many differences among ELUs in terms of species presence or absence, diversity, or
richness. There was no discernible pattern in species richness, diversity or abundance in
terms of either vegetation growth stage or habitat type, not even for the 3 ELUs that
separated in the principal components analysis, LW(p), LW(vp) or MW(p) (Table 8).
Eight species were observed in the ELUs, although most of individuals were of 2 species:
American toads and wood frogs (Table 7). The other species were so infrequently
observed that generalizations were difficult to make about them. Despite the fact that
there were not many other individuals of other species found, these species are not
necessarily rare, and this area is not necessarily representative of other areas where
amphibian populations are declining. It is more likely that the northern Minnesota
environment is not optimal for herps, especially due to the harsh, long winters (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1998), resulting in a small herp community
with few individuals and species that are generalists. Another deterrent may be pH levels
that are too low for many species, although this was not typically a significant result from
this study. The mean pH value by ELU in this study was 6.28, with a minimum value of
5.3 and a maximum value of 7.2 (Appendix B Table 52). Kams (1992) found that wood
frogs were the only species able to reproduce in marginal fen sites with pH values of 4.5
to 5.0. Because none of our sites had values this low, the pH should not be a significant

factor for these herps (Appendix B Table 53).

63

Herpetofauna and vegetation

Twenty-one correlations between large trees, small trees, snags, stumps and
coarse woody debris and Shannon-Weaver values and mean number of individuals were
significant for the ELUs (Table 10). No correlations were significant in two likely
measured attributes: canopy cover and soil. These results are somewhat surprising
because herps have often been found to be sensitive to canopy cover (Ash 1988, Kams
1992, Wyman and Hawksley-Lescault 1987) and soil pH and moisture (Dupuis et al.
1995, Welsh and Lind 1988) in past studies. Also, of these 21 correlations, 16 were
significant for the abundance correlations, and only 5 were significant for Shannon-
Weaver diversity index correlations. Why this is true is not readily evident, although it
might be because there is more variation in number-of-individuals values than Shannon-
Weaver values. The low diversity of herps in northern Minnesota as explained above,
may be due to weather extremes and/or low pH values. Unfortunately, most of the
correlations that were significant do not have any obvious biological explanation. Most
other studies have only looked at herpetofaunal general correlations with habitat type
classes (Bennett et al. 1980, Jones 1988, Kams 1988, Pais et al. 1988, Degraaf and Rudis
1990, Dupuis et al. 1995), not with specific vegetation species or decay classes as was
attempted in this study. Another explanation may be that the Shannon-Weaver values
were very similar, whereas with a wider range of abundance values, there was more of a
chance that a correlation could be significant.

In the ELU correlations between vegetation attributes and herptile community
attributes, there were five species that never had significant correlations: black ash

(F RNI), tamarack (LALA), black spruce (PIMA), white cedar (THOC), and slippery elm

(ULRU) (Table 10). The rationale for why these species would never have any
significant correlations is not clear. One thing to consider is that the only time that
slippery elm was found in more than 3 ELUs was for small trees, so that was the only
time it could have had a significant correlation value. Another interesting fact is that
these tree species are all typical of wet sites. But, because these trees had no significant
correlations with the herptile community attributes, either positive or negative, the only
conclusion to be drawn from this is that these trees typical of wet sites had no influence
on either diversity or numbers of herps, and that trees typical of more dry sites do have an
impact. Why this is so is not biologically clear, and is also not explained in the literature.

One habitat variable that in past studies has often been found to influence the
presence of herps is coarse woody debris. It can provide food, shelter for
thermoregulation, protection from desiccation, refugia from predators, and breeding
habitat (Whiles and Grubaugh 1996). In the ELU correlations, coarse woody debris had a
significant correlation only once: with stem density and number of individuals in decay
class 2 (Table 10). Coarse woody debris in higher decay classes have traditionally been
found to have significant effects on herpetofauna, which makes it difficult to explain why
this correlation was significant in only decay class 2. One explanation may be that herps
often use coarse woody debris for protection fiom desiccation, and the habitats of
“northern Minnesota are very moist in general, therefore herps would not need the coarse
woody debris protection as much in this area. This might also provide an explanation as
to why no correlations were significant for soil moisture. The northern Minnesota

habitats may be above the moisture thresholds that each herp species needs.

65

The only understory cover correlation that was significant was litter at strata level
1, which is horizontal cover from 0.1 m to 0.98 m (Table 10). This correlation is
biologically supported in that the presence of litter has often been found to influence the
presence of herps. Litter can be used as refugia for protection from predators, for
thermoregulation and as a food source (Ash 1988, Petranka et al. 1993).

In the correlation results by unit number, as in the ELU results, no correlations
were significant within either canopy or soil data. The number of times correlations were
significant between the Shannon-Weaver diversity index and number of individuals did
not vary as much with the unit number correlations as they did with the ELU correlations
(5 versus 13) (Table 19). This may be due to the larger sample size used in these
correlations: 32 sites instead of 12 ELUs.

The correlations by unit number do not explain herpetofaunal species
characteristics much more than the correlations by ELU did. There is no biological
evidence as to why certain vegetation species were significant in some correlations and
not in others. Species that were never significant in any correlation were: red maple
(ACRUl), paper birch (BEPA), black ash (FRNI), tamarack (LALA), white spruce
(PIGL), balsam popular (POBA), and white cedar (THOC). The only species that were
significant in these unit number correlations were: balsam fir (ABBA), black spruce
(PIMA) and quaking aspen (POTRl) (Table 19). Balsam fir and quaking aspen are 2 of
the most dominant species in many habitat type classes in northern Minnesota. They are
found in almost all of the sites chosen in this study. Black spruce is a common species in
the wet sites, both as part of the overstory and understory vegetation. Therefore, it seems

that the species with significant tests are simply the most common species.

66

Stem density correlations were significant over twice as many times as any other
category of correlations (diameter, height, and area) (Table 19). One possible reason for
this could be that with higher stem densities, more habitats and microhabitats suitable for
herps are created. For example, more slash and litter could be added to the forest floor
fiom the leaves and branches on the trees, snags, and stumps. Although no canopy cover
correlations were significant, percent understory cover correlations were significant at
lower strata (from 0 m to 1.96 m) for slash and litter, and tree live stems at higher strata
(from 1.96 to 2.94 m). These vegetation variables, stem density and understory cover,
may therefore be complementing each other in creating good habitat for the herpetofauna.
As stated previously, litter is documented as being helpful for herps (Ash 1988, Petranka
et al. 1993) but slash as its own category is not as readily documented.

Coarse woody debris only had one significant correlation, which was for density
in decay class 4 (Table 19). It is important to note that it is only in this later stage of
decay that coarse woody debris had a significant effect on herps, which is also what has
been found in past studies (Aubry et a1. 1988, Bury and Corn 1988, Whiles and Grubaugh

1996).

Kruskal-Wallis tests by ELU and unit number

Kruskal-Wallis tests were completed on ELUs that had each herp species
compared to those ELUs that did not have that species. This was done to see if there
were specific vegetation differences in the ELUs that might attract, or deter herps from
being there. These same tests were completed on a site (unit number) basis. As with the

correlations, many tests that were significant are not biologically supported and not

67

supported in the literature. Therefore, only those tests that were significant and can be
biologically supported will be discussed.

Spring peepers have been found in both deciduous and coniferous woodlands,
mainly near wetlands (Oldfield and Moriarty 1994). In a study done by Kams (1992) on
the effects of pH on breeding amphibians in northern Minnesota, spring peepers were
found to be one of the more common species in bog sites. In the present study, pH did
not have an influence on where they were or were not found. They were found in ELUs
with good canopy cover at both low (< 4.88 m) and high (>4.88 m) heights which was
not a significant variable for most other species (Table 11).“ Spring peepers were found in
sites with high stem density for snags and stumps (Table 20).

The boreal chorus frog, in contrast, was found in ELUs where stump stem density
and area were lower (Table 13). The boreal chorus frog did not have any significant
Kruskal-Wallis tests for large and small trees. In site understory cover results, the boreal
chorus frog was found in sites where there was more exposed soil. Yet, in the plot and
timed searches, it was not found on a microhabitat of exposed soil; it was found on
litter/slash and moss (Table 28). Past studies, such as Kams (1992) found that chorus
frogs (sub-species was not specified) was either uncommon or absent from bog sites. In
Colorado, the boreal chorus frog is associated with both deciduous and coniferous forests,
and both dry and wet habitats (Spencer 1971). In the site comparisons, boreal chorus
frogs were found in areas with more slash, which is a common finding with other species

also, such as the eastern garter snake and American toads (Table 23, Table 27).

68

The occurrence of more herps in areas with fewer shrubs for understory cover was
found for the blue-spotted salamanders and American toads, both at higher strata (Table
24, Table 27). No species were found in sites with greater amounts of shrubs.

Northern leopard frogs were found in areas where coarse woody debris diameter
was larger in both ELU and site tests (Table 12, Table 21). They are usually most
abundant in wet meadows and open fields, and prefer meadows with grasses 15 to 30 cm
tall (Oldfield and Moriarty 1994). They have also been found in past studies to avoid
forested areas (Pace 1974, Hine 1981). Unfortunately, these findings did not hold true in
this study.

The gray treefrog and eastern garter snake did not have any significant
comparisons by ELU. The gray treefrog is a forest-associated species (Jaslow and Vogt
1977) that may perch as high as 10 m in a tree to call or feed (V ogt 1980). They spend
most of their time in tree cavities, under loose bark, or in bird nest boxes (McComb and
Noble 1981). With such specific needs, it is interesting that there were no significant
comparisons for this species by either ELU or unit number. The eastern garter snake is a
habitat generalist, and can commonly be found in deciduous and coniferous forests to
peatlands and prairies. It can also withstand some habitat degradation, being found on
farms and golf courses, often near water (Oldfield and Moriarty 1994). Therefore, it is
not necessarily surprising that no significant results by ELU were found for this species.
There was only one significant result for eastern garter snakes by site, which was slash
understory cover in unit number tests at strata level 2 (Table 23). One reason for finding
so few significant Kruskal-Wallis tests for these species may be because only one of each

species was found. Both these species are difficult to find using the methods employed in

69

this study. The gray treefrog could easily climb out of pitfall traps and spends much of
its time in trees, so it would not be easily found in ground searches. One option for
surveying gray treefrogs could be to use calling surveys, and listen to calls instead of
actively looking for individuals. Also, other researchers have used artificial habitat, or
“frog houses”, to attract other treefrog species which could be adapted to fit northern
Minnesota (Heyer et al. 1994). The eastern garter snake could not be caught in pitfall
traps due to the shape and length of its body, and can easily be overlooked in searches.
Blue-spotted salamanders have been found to inhabit the forest floors of both
boreal forests and wet woodlands, and they use temporary ponds in woodlands for
breeding (Oldfield and Moriarty 1994). Kams (1992) found that they were one of the
more common species found in bog sites. In terms of microhabitats, they have been
found traditionally under bark, logs, moss (Oldfield and Moriarty 1994) and leaf litter
(Johnson 1992). Johnson (1992) found that the adults lived in mixed hardwood and
hardwood/pine forests. In the present study, they were found in ELUs with less shrub
understory cover at a higher strata level, which was also true for American toads (Table
14). In the site results, blue-spotted salamanders were found in sites with coarse woody
debris that had larger diameter and longer length, which would agree with the fact that
they have been found to be associated with logs for refugia as stated above (Table 24).
American toads and wood frogs were the most abundant species found overall
(Table 7). In past studies, American toads have been found to be uncommon in bog sites
(Kams 1992), but can sometimes be found in bogs and conifer forests of wooded areas
(Oldfield and Moriarty 1994). They have also been found to be associated with dense

herbaceous cover in forest clearings (Pais et al. 1988). In ELU results American toads

70

were found in areas with more slash at lower “strata levels (Table 16). They were also
found in ELUs with soil that is less moist, which is verified because toads generally do
not need as much moisture as frogs do, being completely terrestrial species (Cook 1984).
In the site tests, American toads had 5 significant results in understory cover (Table 27).
They were found in sites with less grass at lower strata levels, more slash at lower strata
levels, and less shrub cover at higher strata levels. The slash finding is similar to that
found by ELU. There was no significant test for soil moisture by site.

Wood frogs, including their eggs and larvae, are bog water tolerant (Kams 1992).
They have been called the most common amphibians in northern Minnesota, which may
be because of their high tolerance for acidic waters (Kams 1992, Oldfield and Moriarty
1994). They are generally found in moist, deciduous and coniferous forests (Oldfield and
Moriarty 1994). Perhaps due to the fact that they are the most common amphibians in
northern Minnesota, it was difficult to find generalizations for wood frogs by ELU. From
the percent understory results by ELU, they were found in areas with more slash at strata
level 2 (Table 17). The site tests were easier to find generalizations for, showing that the
EDM does not apply well for this species. In the site tests, it was evident that wood frogs
needed less canopy cover, and more litter understory cover (Table 25). They were also

found in areas where coarse woody debris had higher diameter, length, and density.

Summary

The aforementioned conclusions are those of both the ELUs and sites. The reason
that the herpetofauna was chosen to be studied in this experiment was to decide whether

or not herps were good species to use to differentiate ELUs within the ecosystem

71

diversity matrix used for ecosystem management. From the above conclusions, it does
not appear that herps accurately represent this EDM. Herpetofaunal species richness and
diversity are low in northern Minnesota. Also, the indexes of abundance, species present,
richness and diversity do not change much among ELUS, and when they do change, it is
not in any discemible pattern, such as along either vegetation growth stages, soil
moisture, or soil nutrient stages. Even when completing correlations on specific
vegetation attributes measured for the study, it is difficult to make generalizations that
make biological sense. For these reasons, it does not appear that the herpetofauna would
be a good group of species to differentiate the ELUs for BCC’s ecosystem diversity
matrix to help them make better management decisions.

There are many possible reasons why herps did not accurately represent the EDM.
It could be because we did not have enough ELUs to represent the matrix, or enough sites
within the ELUs, and the ELUS were not distributed well within the matrix. Another
possibility could be that the matrix is too finely defined for the herpetofauna in the area.
Perhaps coarser-grained ELU designations would have yielded a more suitable EDM for
reflecting the diversity and abundance of the herpetofauna. Also, herps are more related
to microhabitat characteristics than macrohabitat characteristics, therefore the EDM may
not be at the proper scale for herps to key into the ELUs. Along those same lines, it
appears that the herpetofauna in northern Minnesota are generalist species for the area,
and are not associated with characteristics that are specific to an ELU, habitat type class,
or vegetation growth stage.

Another purpose of this study was to see if there were certain vegetation

attributes, not necessarily associated with the ELUs, that may indicate the presence or

72

absence of herps, or that herps may cue into for their own requirements. For this reason,
the same statistical tests which were completed on the ELUs were also completed on a
per site basis.

Unfortunately, completing these tests by site did not provide many more clues as
to what shapes the presence of herps in northern Minnesota Sometimes the conclusions
were the same as those in the ELUs, and sometimes they were not. Sometimes the
significant tests made biological sense, and sometimes they did not. However, some
general conclusions can still be made regarding the herpetofauna in northern Minnesota.

Correlation results for large trees, small trees, snags and stumps by species and/or
decay did not generally provide useful information. Those vegetation species not
significant by ELU were generally associated with wet habitats, although this was not
true for correlations by site. More vegetation species had significant correlations by ELU
than by site. Only 3 species were significant in the by site correlations: balsam fir,
quaking aspen, and black spruce, but this could simply be a product of the most common
species in the area. The most useful habitat variables measured were stem densities;
coarse woody debris, overall and by decay; and understory cover. It seems that most of
the herps found in northern Minnesota are habitat generalist species, which makes it
difficult to find specific vegetation attributes, especially by ELU, that are associated with
the species.

In the Kruskal-Wallis tests, some generalizations did become apparent, both by
species and generalizations that spanned several species. The most useful conclusions
found across species were that herps were generally associated with coarse woody debris,

whether it was for larger diameter, length, or higher stem density. The only species

73

associated with smaller diameter coarse woody debris was the blue-spotted salamander
and that associated with lower density was the boreal chorus frog. Spring peepers and
blue-spotted salamanders were both associated with greater vegetation stem density by
site and boreal chorus fiogs were associated with smaller stump stem density and area by
ELU.

An important understory cover association with herps was that of litter and/or
slash. No herps were negatively associated with litter or slash understory cover.
Moisture does not seem to have much effect on the herps in northern Minnesota, with the
exception of the American toad, found in less moist areas. For other species the northern
Minnesota habitat seems to be moist enough to not have an effect on where they are or

are not found.

Methodology Discussion

Drawing from the results of the methodology portion of this study, it is evident
that the most efficient sampling method was the pitfall/funnel trap array. We expended
approximately 1,980 hours on installation of the arrays and checking the traps. In
contrast, the combination of traps and searches of herptiles yielded results similar to that
of the traps alone, and we expended approximately 2,344 hours on this combination of
methods. Drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps were the most reliable methods for
observing uncommon species. Plot and time searches were beneficial for
presence/absence data, but did not give useful information for species evenness.

Although species were detected differentially with each of the sampling methods, the

74

most efficient and effective sampling method was the pitfall/funnel trap array. Although
the cost of materials for the pitfalls and funnel traps is greater than that of the searches,
the benefits of finding more individuals and species using this method outweigh those

COSTS.

75

General Conclusions and Management Recommendations

From the previously presented results, it is evident that the herpetofauna do not
accurately represent the ecosystem diversity matrix (EDM) for northern Minnesota. This
is due to the fact that their species attributes, presence/absence, diversity, and richness do
not reflect the structure of the EDM in any way, either by vegetation growth stage or
habitat type. Although 8 species were captured, the only species captured in enough
abundance for accurate analyses were American toads and wood frogs. In correlations
and Kruskal-Wallis tests, both by ELU and by site, no vegetation species emerged as
being clearly important for herpetofaunal assemblages. These tests, however, did show
strong herpetofaunal associations with stem density, coarse woody debris, and litter and
slash understory cover. Soil pH and moisture and canopy cover were surprisingly not
important factors for these herps.

Among the three different herpetofaunal sampling methods examined, the most
efficient and effective method was the drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps. This
method captured almost all the same species as were captured in the time-constrained
searches or plot searches, but did so with the most amount of confidence out of the 3
methods examined. There was a greater chance that individuals and species would be
captured in the traps as compared with the other methods. This method also captured the
greatest amount of each species, especially the most common species: American toads
and wood fi'ogs.

Although herptiles appear to be not very abundant or diverse in northern
Minnesota, it is still important to think about them in ecosystem management

considerations. It would be beneficial to continue to monitor this community to watch

76

fluctuations in numbers and diversity to make sure that this area does not become
representative of other areas in which they are declining. American toads and wood fi'ogs
should be especially watched, as they are the most abundant species in northern
Minnesota. Management recommendations for BCC based on results from this study
include leaving more litter, slash and coarse woody debris on the ground when harvesting
timber. Another suggestion that might be helpful for herps is to remove shrubs when
possible when harvesting trees, since some herps tended to have negative associations
with shrub understory cover. But, these associations were correlations, and there may be
additional, unmeasured factors that are actually causing the correlations.
Recommendations to BCC for their continued monitoring of herps includes using
pitfall/funnel trap arrays as opposed to plot or timed searches, and to use more than 1

array per site to increase the chances of capturing more of the less common species on

their lands.

77

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82

Appendix A

83

Appendix A

Appendix A Table 1. Keys to habitat type classes and vegetation growth stages as

indicated in the Ecosystem Diversity Matrix (EDM).

 

 

Vegetation Growth dbh (inches)
Stages (V GS)

G15 Grass/forb/seedling 0

SSE Shrub/seedling 0.01-2.00
SAP INT Saplings; with intolerants 2.01-5.00
SMT INT Small trees; with intolerants 5.01-9.00
MET INT Medium trees; with intolerants 9.01-12.00
LAT INT Large trees; with intolerants 12+

SAP TOL Saplings; with tolerants 2.01-5.00
SMT TOL Small trees; with tolerants 5.01-9.00
MET TOL Medium trees; with tolerants 9.01-12.00
LAT TOL Large trees; with tolerants 12+

OLG Old growth

 

 

 

 

Habitat Type Classes
MbPi pb Xeric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Picea -— Pinus banksiana

XMAbPi ps Xeric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Picea — Pinus strobus

XMAbAr pb Xeric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-A cer — Pinus banksiana

XMAbAr pr Xeric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Acer - Pinus resinosa

MAbAr ar Mesic/Nutrient Poor, Abies-Acer — Acer rubrum

MAbFn pt Mesic/Nutrient Medium; Abies-Fraxinus — Populus
lremuloides

HMFn pb Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Medium; Fraxinus — Populus
balsamifera

HMAbFnTh pt Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor-Medium; Abies-Fraxinus-Thuja -
Populus tremuloides

HMAbFnTh to Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor-Medium; Abies-Fraxinus-Thuja —
Thuja occidentalis

I-lMAbTh to Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Thuja — Thuja occidentalis

I-IMAbTh bp Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Thuja — Betula papyrifera

HAbTh ll Hydric/Nutrient Poor; Abies- Thuja — Larix laricina

HAbTh pm Hydric/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Thuja — Picea mariana

HPm pm Hydric/Nutrient Very Poor; Picea — Picea mariana

 

84

Appendix A Table l (Cont).

 

 

 

Character Name Habitat Type Class Description
XMAb Dry Fir Xeric-Mesi.c/Nutrient Poor; Abies
MAbAr Moist Fir Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Acer
MAbFn Rich, Moist Fir Mesic/Nutrient Medium; Abies-Fraxinus
HMFn Moist Ash Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Medium; Fraxinus
HMAS Moist Maple Hydric-Mesic; Nutrient Medium-Rich Acer
HMAbFnTh Moist Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor-Medium; Abies-
Fir/Ash/Cedar Fraxinus-Thuja
HMAbTh Moist Fir/Cedar Hydric-Mesic/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Thuja
HAbTh Wet Fir/Cedar Hydric/Nutrient Poor; Abies-Thuja
HPm Poor, Wet Hydric/Nutrient Very Poor; Picea
Spruce

 

85

Appendix A Table 2. Tree species codes used with scientific and common names.

 

 

Code Scientific name Common name

ABBA Abies balsamea Balsam fir

ACRUl Acer rubrum Red maple

ACSAl Acer saccharinum Silver maple, soft maple
ACSA2 Acer saccharum Sugar maple

BEAL Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch

BEPA Betula papyrifera Paper birch

FRAM F raxinus americana White ash

FRNI F raxinus nigra Black ash

FRPE Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash

LALA Larix laricina Tamarack

“OSVI Ostrya vinginiana Ironwood, hop hombearn
PIGL Picea glauca White spruce

PIMA Picea mariana Black spruce

PIBA Pinus banksiana Jack pine

PIRE Pinus resinosa Red pine, Norway pine
PIST Pinus strobus White pine

POBA Populus balsamifera Balsam popular

POGR Populus grandidentata Big-toothed aspen
POTRl Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen

QUEL Quercus ellipsoidalis northern pin oak
QUMA Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak

QURU Quercus rubra northern red oak

THOC Thuja occidentalis White cedar, arbor vitae
TIAM Tilia americana Basswood

ULAM Ulmus americana American elm

ULRU Ulmus rubra Slippery elm

 

86

Appendix B

87

Appendix B

Appendix B Table 1. Large trees dbh (in) and height (ft).sample size, means, variances,
standard deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU and species“.

 

 

ELU dbh/ Species N Mean Var Std m Std Err Min Max
Height
Ebb) d'h‘h ABBA 32 5.81 2.54 1.60 0.28 4 10
ED(p) dbh ACRU1 3 7.67 1.33 1.15 0.67 7 9
ED(p) dbh BEPA 2 6.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 5 8
ED(p) dbh FRNI 5 5.80 1.70 1.30 0.58 4 7
ED(p) dbh POTR1 18 10.06 13.47 3.67 0.86 4 16
ED(p) dbh THOC 13 10.54 5.44 2.33 0.65 8 15
ED(p) Height ABBA 32 38.78 95.27 9.76 1.73 23 63
ED(p) Height ACRU1 3 52.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 51 55
ED(p) Height BEPA 2 55.00 200.00 14.14 0.00 45 65
ED(p) Height FRNI 5 36.80 81.20 9.01 4.03 27 49
ED(p) Height POTR1 18 63.22 308.77 17.57 4.14 24 84
ED(p) Height THOC 13 39.38 52.26 7.23 2.00 22 54
EM(p) dbh ABBA 67 6.00 2.94 1.71 0.21 4 11
EM(p) dbh ACRU1 3 5.67 1.33 1.15 0.67 5 7
EM(p) dbh BEPA 34 5.12 0.83 0.91 0.16 4 7
EM(p) dbh PIBA 5 6.80 2.70 1.64 0.73 4 8
EM(p) dbh PIRE 1 19.00 . . . 19 19
EM(p) dbh POBA 13 6.08 2.58 1.61 0.45 4 10
EM(p) dbh POTR1 220 6.73 4.53 2.13 0.14 4 13
EM(p) dbh THOC 32 5.84 2.14 1.46 0.26 4 11
EM(p) Height ABBA 67 42.70 189.61 13.77 1.68 20 85
EM(p) Height ACRU1 3 47.00 109.00 10.44 6.03 40 59
EM(p) Height BEPA 34 47.85 53.40 7.31 1.25 36 65
EM(p) Height PIBA 5 48.40 46.30 6.80 3.04 41 54
EM(p) Height PIRE 1 58.00 . . . 58 58
EM(p) Height POBA 13 59.92 246.91 15.71 4.36 39 80
EM(p) Height POTR1 220 57.41 127.37 11.29 0.76 19 87
EM(p) Height THOC 32 35.00 31.61 5.62 0.99 22 47
EW(m) dbh ABBA 27 6.74 6.12 2.47 0.48 4 13
EW(m) dbh BEPA 2 9.50 40.50 6.36 4.50 5 14
EW(m) dbh FRNI 83 6.64 5.55 2.36 0.26 4 14
EW(m) dbh LALA 1 6.00 . . . 6 6
EW(m) dbh PIMA 17 7.65 5.49 2.34 0.57 4 12
EW(m) dbh POBA 16 8.94 9.40 3.07 0.77 4 15
EW(m) dbh POTR1 11 6.91 3.89 1.97 0.59 4 10
EW(m) Height ABBA 27 39.74 100.05 10.00 1.92 20 56
EW(m) Height BEPA 2 50.00 450.00 21.21 5.00 35 65
EW(m) Height FRNI 83 48.22 100.76 10.04 1.10 30 70
EW(m) Height LALA 1 40.00 . . . 40 40
EW(m) Height PIMA 17 53.00 196.38 14.01 3.40 28 75

 

88

Appendix B Table 1 (Cont).

 

 

 

ELU dbh/ Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
EW(m) Height WA 16 49.50 64.67 8.04 2.01 39 60
EW(m) Height POTR1 11 64.73 33.62 5.80 1.75 52 73
LM(m) dbh ABBA 88 5.73 3.40 1.84 0.20 4 14
LM(m) dbh ACRU1 6 6.00 3.20 1.79 0.73 4 9
LM(m) dbh BEPA 9 4.67 0.50 0.71 0.24 4 6
LM(m) dbh FRNI 7 5.71 3.90 1.98 0.75 4 10
LM(m) dbh PIGL 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
LM(m) dbh POBA 19 6.00 2.89 1.70 0.39 4 10
LM(m) dbh POTR1 212 7.34 5.06 2.25 0.15 4 16
LM(m) dbh QUPR 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
LM(m) dbh ULRU 4 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
LM(m) dbh UNK 1 6.00 . . . 6 6
LM(m) Height ABBA 88 38.38 166.10 12.89 1.37 8 66
LM(m) Height ACRU1 6 48.00 68.80 8.29 3.39 38 59
LM(m) Height BEPA 9 47.67 133.75 11.57 3.86 32 66
LM(m) Height FRNI 7 48.14 226.48 15.05 5.69 30 78
LM(m) Height PIGL 1 46.00 . . . 46 46
LM(m) Height POBA 19 50.95 115.27 10.74 2.46 34 70
LM(m) Height POTR1 212 56.06 214.43 14.64 1.01 10 90
LM(m) Height QUPR 1 35.00 . . . 35 35
LM(m) Height ULRU 4 31.00 2.00 1.41 0.71 29 32
LM(m) Height UNK 1 46.00 . . . 46 46
LW(m) dbh ABBA 18 8.17 7.44 2.73 0.64 5 13
LW(m) dbh ACRU1 4 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
LW(m) dbh BEPA 6 5.50 1.90 1.38 0.56 4 7
LW(m) dbh FRNI 80 6.98 5.90 2.43 0.27 4 14
LW(m) dbh FRPE 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
LW(m) dbh PIGL 10 6.30 8.90 2.98 0.94 4 14
LW(m) dbh POBA 4 6.25 14.92 3.86 1.93 4 12
LW(m) dbh POGR 1 14.00 . . . 14 14
LW(m) dbh POTR1 10 5.80 0.40 0.63 0.20 5 7
LW(m) dbh QUMA 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(m) dbh TIAM 5 6.40 2.80 1.67 0.75 5 9
LW(m) dbh ULAM 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(m) dbh ULRU 6 4.83 0.57 0.75 0.31 4 6
LW(m) Height ABBA 18 42.17 124.03 11.14 2.62 20 65
LW(m) Height ACRU1 4 38.00 63.33 7.96 3.98 30 49
LW(m) Height BEPA 6 42.83 110.17 10.50 4.28 27 58
LW(m) Height FRNI 80 46.54 234.02 15.30 1.71 3 82
LW(m) Height FRPE 2 43.50 84.50 9.19 6.50 37 50
LW(m) Height PIGL 10 35.90 284.54 16.87 5.33 22 79
LW(m) Height POBA 4 45.75 98.92 9.95 4.97 34 57
LW(m) Height POGR 1 63.00 63 63

 

89

Appendix B Table 1 (Cont).

 

 

 

ELU dbh/ Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
LW(m) Height POTR1 10 53.70 48.68 6.98 2.21 40 62
LW(m) Height QUMA 1 32.00 . . . 32 32
LW(m) Height TIAM 5 37.00 74.50 8.63 3.86 27 47
LW(m) Height ULAM 1 31.00 . . . 31 31
LW(m) Height ULRU 6 34.33 9.07 3.01 1.23 30 39
LW(p) dbh LALA 295 5.31 0.87 0.93 0.05 4 8
LW(p) dbh PIMA l 5.00 5 5
LW(p) dbh POBA 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(p) Height LALA 295 45.24 38.28 6.19 0.36 25 61
LW(p) Height PIMA l 29.00 29 29
LW(p) Height POBA 1 51.00 . . . 51 51
LW(pm) dbh ABBA 53 5.72 2.32 1.52 0.21 4 10
LW(pm) dbh BEPA 30 5.17 1.32 1.15 0.21 4 9
LW(pm) dbh FRNI 4 10.25 24.92 4.99 2.50 5 17
LW(pm) dbh LALA 3 8.33 1.33 1.15 0.67 7 9
LW(pm) dbh PIGL 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
LW(pm) dbh PIMA 28 6.07 0.59 0.77 0.14 5 9
LW(pm) dbh POBA 11 5.36 1.25 1.12 0.34 4 7
LW(pm) dbh POTR1 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
LW(pm) dbh THOC 577 6.41 4.42 2.10 0.09 4 19
LW(pm) Height ABBA 53 39.68 54.88 7.41 1.02 26 61
LW(pm) Height BEPA 30 36.20 41.61 6.45 1.18 25 48
LW(pm) Height FRNT 4 43.25 82.25 9.07 4.53 30 50
LW(pm) Height LALA 3 54.67 6.33 2.52 1.45 52 57
LW(pm) Height PIGL 1 41.00 . . . 41 41
LW(pm) Height PIMA 28 45.86 7.98 2.82 0.53 37 48
LW(pm) Height POBA 11 38.36 21.45 4.63 1.40 30 43
LW(pm) Height POTR1 2 42.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 42 43
LW(pm) Height THOC 577 32.15 47.63 6.90 0.29 9 56
LW(vp) dbh LALA 47 5.17 2.41 1.55 0.23 4 12
LW(vp) dbh PIMA 355 5.48 1.88 1.37 0.07 4 1 1
LW(vp) dbh THOC 21 5.48 1.56 1.25 0.27 4 8
LW(vp) Height LALA 47 3 1.53 47.17 6.87 1.00 23 56
LW(vp) Height PIMA 355 38.23 62.64 7.91 0.42 18 60
LW(vp) Height THOC 21 19.71 32.01 5.66 1.23 13 32
MM(m) dbh ABBA 22 6.73 2.87 1.70 0.36 4 10
MM(m) dbh FRNI 10 7.30 1.57 1.25 0.40 6 10
MM(m) dbh PIGL 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
MM(m) dbh POBA 25 5.68 0.89 0.95 0.19 4 8
MM(m) dbh POTR1 289 6.19 3.16 1.78 0.10 4 13
MM(m) dbh ULRU 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
MM(m) Height ABBA 22 47.64 151 .29 12.30 2.62 25 63
MM(m) Height FRNI 10 50.90 259.43 16.11 5.09 13 71

 

90

Appendix B Table 1 (Cont).

 

 

 

ELU dbh/ Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
MM(m) Height PIGL 3 51.33 408.33 20.21 1.67 28 63
MM(m) Height POBA 25 46.40 41.83 6.47 1.29 38 63
MM(m) Height POTR1 289 54.60 206.39 14.37 0.85 26 92
MM(m) Height ULRU 2 37.50 112.50 10.61 7.50 30 45
MM(p) dbh ABBA 110 5.70 1.40 1.19 0.11 4 10
MM(p) dbh BEPA 13 6.69 5.23 2.29 0.63 4 11
MM(p) dbh PIGL l 9.00 . . . 9 9
MM(p) dbh PIMA 3 8.67 2.33 1.53 0.88 7 10
MM(p) dbh POTR1 36 8.67 4.23 2.06 0.34 4 13
MM(p) Height ABBA 110 44.51 83.37 9.13 0.87 25 75
MM(p) Height BEPA 13 50.62 217.92 14.76 4.09 25 70
MM(p) Height PIGL 1 50.00 . . . 50 50
MM(p) Height PIMA 3 51.67 58.33 7.64 4.41 45 60
MM(p) Height POTR1 36 56.86 159.44 12.63 2.10 27 70
MW(m) dbh ABBA 2 7.50 24.50 4.95 3.50 4 11
MW(m) dbh ACRU1 26 6.27 1.80 1.34 0.26 4 9
MW(m) dbh BEPA 13 7.38 6.42 2.53 0.70 5 13
MW(m) dbh FRNI 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
MW(m) dbh POBA 27 6.37 3.78 1.94 0.37 4 13
MW(m) dbh POTR1 115 6.05 6.30 2.51 0.23 4 18
MW(m) dbh UNK l 4.00 . . . 4 4
MW(m) Height ABBA 2 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40 40
MW(m) Height ACRU1 26 66.12 123.15 11.10 2.18 29 83
MW(m) Height BEPA 13 65.38 170.92 13.07 3.63 33 75
MW(m) Height FRNT 2 42.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42 42
MW(m) Height POBA 27 44.15 170.90 13.07 2.52 25 72
MW(m) Height POTR1 115 63.39 116.06 10.77 1.00 25 90
MW(m) Height UNK 1 30.00 . . . 30 30
MW(p) dbh LALA 231 6.18 2.86 1.69 0.11 4 13
MW(p) dbh PIMA 3 6.67 21.33 4.62 2.67 4 12
MW(p) Height LALA 231 53.67 51.48 7.17 0.47 25 70
MW(p) Height PIMA 3 37.00 133.00 11.53 6.66 28 50
Ia dot (.) indicates that data was either nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

91

Appendix B Table 2. Large trees dbh (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and species“.

dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

Unit no. Species

 

Height
1 ABBA dbh 1 4.00 4 4
1 ABBA Height 1 40.00 . . . 40 40
l ACRU1 dbh 24 6.08 1.47 1.21 0.25 4 9
1 ACRU2 Height 24 68.42 54.17 7.36 1.50 51 83
l BEPA dbh 13 7.38 6.42 2.53 0.70 5 13
1 BEPA Height 13 65.38 170.92 13.07 3.63 33 75
1 FRNI dbh 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
1 FRNI Height 2 42.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 42 42
l POBA dbh 3 5.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 4 6
1 POBA Height 3 42.00 27.00 5.20 3.00 36 45
1 POTR1 dbh 68 5.37 1.70 1.30 0.16 4 9
1 POTR1 Height 68 66.69 27.17 5.21 0.63 51 81
l UNK dbh 1 4.00 4 4
1 UNK Height 1 30.00 30 30
2 ABBA dbh l 11.00 11 11
2 ABBA Height 1 40.00 . . . 40 40
2 ACRU1 dbh 2 8.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 8 9
2 ACRU1 Height 2 38.50 180.50 13.44 9.50 29 48
2 POBA dbh 24 6.54 3.91 1.98 0.40 4 13
2 POBA Height 24 44.42 190.17 13.79 2.81 25 72
2 POTR1 dbh 47 7.04 1 1.43 3.38 0.49 4 18
2 POTR1 Height 47 58.62 208.68 14.45 2.11 25 90
3 ABBA dbh 5 5.60 3.30 1.82 0.81 4 8
3 ABBA Height 5 35.60 23.30 4.83 2.16 30 42
3 ACRU1 dbh 3 5.67 1.33 1.15 0.67 5 7
3 ACRU1 Height 3 47.00 109.00 10.44 6.03 40 59
3 BEPA dbh 15 5.33 1.24 1.11 0.29 4 7
3 BEPA Height 15 46.20 40.31 6.35 1.64 39 60
3 POBA dbh 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
3 POBA Height 2 46.00 2.00 1 .41 1 .00 45 47
3 POTR1 Height 66 54.09 36.61 6.05 0.74 39 66
3 POTR1 dbh 66 5.92 2.50 1.58 0.19 4 11
4 ABBA dbh 2 7.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 7 8
4 ABBA Height 2 47.00 392.00 19.80 4.00 33 61

 

92

Appendix B Table 2 (Cont).

 

Unit no. Species

Z::1::::::\O\O\O\OOOOOOOOO\I\IO\O\O\OSMMMM#AAAA#A-h-h-h

 

dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

Height
BEPA dbh 1 6.00 6 6
BEPA Height 1 55.00 . . . 55 55
PIBA dbh 5 6.80 2.70 1 .64 0.73 4 8
PIBA Height 5 48.40 46.30 6.80 3.04 41 54
PIRE dbh 1 19.00 19 19
PIRE Height 1 58.00 . . . 58 58
POBA dbh 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
POBA Height 3 40.67 4.33 2.08 1 .20 39 43
POTR1 Height 76 50.75 23.04 4.80 0.55 38 60
POTR1 dbh 76 5.68 1.71 1.31 0.15 4 9
LALA dbh 130 5.27 0.99 0.99 0.09 4 8
LALA Height 130 50.85 27.29 5.22 0.46 40 60
PIMA dbh 3 6.67 21.33 4.62 2.67 4 12
PIMA Height 3 37.00 133.00 11.53 6.66 28 50
LALA dbh 174 5.20 0.90 0.95 0.07 4 8
LALA Height 174 46.05 17.59 4.19 0.32 27 55
PIMA dbh 1 5.00 5 5
PIMA Height 1 29.00 . . . 29 29
LALA dbh 101 7.35 2.85 1.69 0.17 4 13
LALA Height 101 57.30 59.53 7.72 0.77 25 70
LALA dbh 121 5.46 0.80 0.89 0.08 4 8
LALA Height 121 44.08 66.13 8.13 0.74 25 61
POBA dbh 1 4.00 4 4
POBA Height 1 51 .00 51 51
POBA dbh 1 5.00 5 5
POBA Height 1 43.00 . . . 43 43
POTR1 Height 61 37.26 44.53 6.67 0.85 28 53
POTR1 dbh 61 4.74 0.46 0.68 0.09 4 7
ABBA dbh 3 5.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 4 8
ABBA Height 3 63.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63 63
PIGL dbh 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
PIGL Height 2 63.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63 63
POBA dbh 24 5.71 0.91 0.95 0.19 4 8
POBA Height 24 46.54 43.13 6.57 1.34 38 63
POTR1 Height 76 54.99 109.67 10.47 1.20 26 75
POTR1 dbh 76 6.24 1.73 1.32 0.15 4 9
ULRU dbh 1 5.00 5 5

 

93

Appendix B Table 2 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Species dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height

1 l ULRU Height 1 45.00 . . . 45 45
13 ABBA dbh 6 9.00 12.80 3.58 1.46 4 14
13 ABBA Height 6 44.67 215.47 14.68 5.99 24 64
13 ACRU1 Height 6 48.00 68.80 8.29 3.39 38 59
13 ACRU1 dbh 6 6.00 3.20 1.79 0.73 4 9

13 BEPA dbh 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5

l3 BEPA Height 2 42.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 40 44
13 FRNI dbh 6 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.82 5 10
13 FRNI Height 6 51.17 194.97 13.96 5.70 41 78
13 POBA dbh 2 6.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 6 7

13 POBA Height 2 55.00 200.00 14.14 0.00 45 65
13 POTR1 Height 72 58.40 183 .62 13 .55 1.60 34 90
13 POTR1 dbh 72 6.63 4.38 2.09 0.25 4 l4
l3 QUPR dbh l 5.00 5 5

13 QUPR Height 1 35.00 . . . 35 35
16 ABBA dbh 7 5.86 1.81 1.35 0.51 4 7

16 ABBA Height 7 35.71 79.90 8.94 3.38 25 49
16 PIGL dbh 1 4.00 4 4

l6 PIGL Height 1 28.00 . . . 28 28
16 POTR1 Height 57 72.79 135.92 1 1.66 1.54 50 92
16 POTR1 dbh 57 8.35 3.34 1.83 0.24 5 13
16 ULRU dbh 1 4.00 4 4

16 ULRU Height 1 30.00 30 30
17 ABBA dbh 1 13.00 l3 13
17 ABBA Height 1 62.00 . . . 62 62
17 FRNI dbh 47 7.47 7.21 2.69 0.39 4 14
17 FRNI Height 47 50.55 271.64 16.48 2.40 3 82
17 PIGL dbh 9 6.56 9.28 3 .05 1.02 4 l4
l7 PIGL Height 9 37.44 293.28 17.13 5.71 22 79
17 POBA dbh 2 8.00 32.00 5 .66 4.00 4 12
17 POBA Height 2 45.50 264.50 16.26 1.50 34 57
17 QUMA dbh l 4.00 4 4

l7 QUMA Height 1 32.00 32 32
17 ULAM dbh 1 4.00 4 4

17 ULAM Height 1 31.00 . . . 31 31
17 ULRU dbh 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5

17 ULRU Height 2 32.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 30 34

 

94

Appendix B Table 2 (COnt).

 

 

Unit no. Species dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height 4
18 ABBA dbh 17 7.88 6.36 2.52 0.61 5 12
18 ABBA Height 17 41.00 105.75 10.28 2.49 20 65
18 ACRU1 dbh 4 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
18 ACRU1 Height 4 38.00 63.33 7.96 3.98 30 49
18 BEPA dbh 6 5.50 1.90 1.38 0.56 4 7
18 BEPA Height 6 42.83 1 10.17 10.50 4.28 27 58
18 FRNI dbh 33 6.27 3.33 1.82 0.32 4 11
18 FRNI Height 33 40.82 129.84 11.39 1.98 18 67
18 FRPE dbh 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
l8 FRPE Height 2 43.50 84.50 9.19 6.50 37 50
18 LALA dbh 2 11.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 1 12
18 LALA Height 2 55.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 55 56
18 PIGL dbh 1 4.00 4 4
18 PIGL Height 1 22.00 . . . 22 22
18 POBA dbh 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
18 POBA Height 2 46.00 32.00 5.66 4.00 42 50
18 POGR dbh l 14.00 14 14
18 POGR Height 1 63.00 . . . 63 63
18 POTR1 dbh 10 5.80 0.40 0.63 0.20 5 7
18 POTR1 Height 10 53.70 48.68 6.98 2.21 40 62
18 TIAM dbh 5 6.40 2.80 1.67 0.75 5 9
18 TIAM Height 5 37.00 74.50 8.63 3.86 27 47
18 ULRU dbh 4 4.75 0.92 0.96 0.48 4 6
18 ULRU Height 4 35.50 7.00 2.65 1.32 33 39
19 ABBA dbh 23 7.09 6.36 2.52 0.53 4 13
19 ABBA Height 23 41.65 87.60 9.36 1.95 21 56
19 FRNT dbh 39 6.87 6.64 2.58 0.41 4 14
19 FRNI Height 39 50.23 85.87 9.27 1.48 33 70
19 LALA dbh 1 6.00 6 6
19 LALA Height 1 40.00 . . . 40 40
19 PIMA dbh 17 7.65 5.49 2.34 0.57 4 12
19 PIMA Height 17 53.00 196.38 14.01 3.40 28 75
19 POBA dbh 4 4.75 0.92 0.96 0.48 4 6
19 POBA Height 4 43.00 23.33 4.83 2.42 39 50
19 POTR1 Height 11 64.73 33.62 5.80 1.75 52 73
19 POTR1 dbh 11 6.91 3.89 1.97 0.59 4 10
20 ABBA dbh 4 4.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 4 5

 

95

Appendix B Table 2 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Species dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
20 WA Height 4 28.75 35.58 SET 2.98 20 33
20 BEPA dbh 2 9.50 40.50 6.36 4.50 5 14
20 BEPA Height 2 50.00 450.00 21.21 5.00 35 65
20 FRNI dbh 44 6.43 4.62 2.15 0.32 4 13
20 FRNI Height 44 46.43 109.32 10.46 1.58 30 68
20 POBA dbh 12 10.33 4.06 2.02 0.58 7 15
20 POBA Height 12 51.67 61.33 7.83 2.26 40 60
21 ABBA dbh 110 5.70 1.40 1.19 0.11 4 10
21 ABBA Height 110 44.51 83.37 9.13 0.87 25 75
21 BEPA dbh 13 6.69 5.23 2.29 0.63 4 1 1
21 BEPA Height 13 50.62 217.92 14.76 4.09 25 70
21 PIGL dbh 1 9.00 9 9
21 PIGL Height 1 50.00 . . . 50 50
21 PIMA dbh 3 8.67 2.33 1.53 0.88 7 10
21 PIMA Height 3 51.67 58.33 7.64 4.41 45 60
21 POTR1 Height 36 56.86 159.44 12.63 2.10 27 70
21 POTR1 dbh 36 8.67 4.23 2.06 0.34 4 13
22 ABBA dbh 42 5.36 1.21 1.10 0.17 4 8
22 ABBA Height 42 37.83 83.56 9.14 1.41 20 55
22 BEPA dbh 8 4.88 0.41 0.64 0.23 4 6
22 BEPA Height 8 48.63 83.13 9.12 3.22 36 63
22 POBA dbh 1 7.00 7 7
22 POBA Height 1 60.00 . . . 60 60
22 POTR1 Height 36 69.36 73.84 8.59 1.43 37 83
22 POTR1 dbh 36 8.89 3.53 1.88 0.31 4 13
23 ABBA dbh 32 5.81 2.54 1.60 0.28 4 10
23 ABBA Height 32 38.78 95.27 9.76 1.73 23 63
23 ACRU1 Height 3 52.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 51 55
23 ACRU1 dbh 3 7.67 1.33 1.15 0.67 7 9
23 BEPA dbh 2 6.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 5 8
23 BEPA Height 2 55.00 200.00 14.14 0.00 45 65
23 FRNI dbh 5 5.80 1.70 1.30 0.5 8 4 7
23 FRNI Height 5 36.80 81.20 9.01 4.03 27 49
23 POTR1 Height 18 63.22 308.77 17.57 4.14 24 84
23 POTR1 dbh 18 10.06 13.47 3.67 0.86 4 16
23 THOC dbh 13 10.54 5.44 2.33 0.65 8 15
23 THOC Height 13 39.38 52.26 7.23 2.00 22 54

 

 

96

Appendix B Table 2 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Species dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
fi Height J
24 ABBA dbh 18 7.44 4.14 2.04 0.48 4 11
24 ABBA Height 18 55.56 255.56 15.99 3.77 30 85
24 BEPA dbh 10 4.90 0.54 0.74 0.23 4 6
24 BEPA Height 10 49.00 56.22 7.50 2.37 38 65
24 POBA dbh 7 6.86 2.81 1.68' 0.63 5 10
24 POBA Height 7 72.14 67.81 8.23 3.11 55 80
24 POTR1 Height 42 64.45 240.94 15.52 2.40 19 87
24 POTR1 dbh 42 8.05 5.12 2.26 0.35 4 13
24 THOC dbh 32 5.84 2.14 1.46 0.26 4 11
24 THOC Height 32 35.00 31.61 5.62 0.99 22 47
28 PIMA dbh 64 4.67 0.76 0.87 0.11 4 8
28 PIMA dbh 153 5.59 1.77 1.33 0.11 4 11
28 PIMA Height 64 34.36 39.09 6.25 0.78 22 57
28 PIMA Height 153 40.40 58.18 7.63 0.62 22.7 60
28 THOC dbh 21 5.48 1.56 1.25 0.27 4 8
28 THOC Height 21 19.71 32.01 5.66 1.23 13 32
31 PIMA dbh 109 5.57 1.84 1.36 0.13 4 9
31 PIMA Height 109 37.59 74.65 8.64 0.83 18 50
32 LALA dbh 45 4.89 0.60 0.78 0.12 4 7
32 LALA Height 45 30.47 22.03 4.69 0.70 23 40
32 PIMA dbh 29 6.34 3.02 1.74 0.32 4 11
32 PIMA Height 29 37.72 38.35 6.19 1.15 29 58
34 ABBA dbh 19 5.16 1.81 1.34 0.31 4 9
34 ABBA Height 19 45.26 104.98 10.25 2.35 30 66
34 BEPA dbh 4 5.00 0.67 0.82 0.41 4 6
34 BEPA Height 4 57.25 106.25 10.31 5.15 46 66
34 PIGL dbh 1 7.00 7 7
34 PIGL Height 1 46.00 . . . 46 46
34 POBA dbh 5 5.60 2.30 1.52 0.68 4 8
34 POBA Height 5 55.40 6.30 2.51 1.12 53 59
34 POTR1 Height 64 60.00 27.49 5.24 0.66 46 66
34 POTR1 dbh 64 7.20 3.94 1.99 0.25 4 13
34 UNK dbh 1 6.00 6 6
34 UNK Height 1 46.00 . . . 46 46
38 ABBA dbh 12 7.58 1.72 1.31 0.38 5 10
38 ABBA Height 12 50.75 79.84 8.94 2.58 36 63
38 FRNI dbh 10 7.30 1.57 1.25 0.40 6 10

 

97

Appendix B Table 2 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Species dbh/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
38 TRNI Height 10 50.90 259.43 16.11 5.09 13 71
38 POTR1 Height 95 54.52 39.64 6.30 0.65 40 75
38 POTR1 dbh 95 5.78 1.64 1.28 0.13 4 10
39 ABBA dbh 29 6.59 1.97 1.40 0.26 4 10
39 ABBA Height 29 32.38 281.82 16.79 3.12 8 53
39 POBA dbh 3 5.33 2.33 1.53 0.88 4 7
39 POBA Height 3 38.67 32.33 5.69 3.28 34 45
39 POTR1 Height 21 31.24 429.09 20.71 4.52 10 65
39 POTR1 dbh 21 8.57 5.96 2.44 0.53 5 13
39 ULRU dbh 4 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
39 ULRU Height 4 31.00 2.00 1.41 0.71 29 32
40 ABBA dbh 34 4.74 0.56 0.75 0.13 4 7
40 ABBA Height 34 38.53 42.74 6.54 1.12 27 59
40 BEPA dbh 3 4.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
40 BEPA Height 3 38.67 34.33 5.86 3.38 32 43
40 FRNT dbh 1 4.00 4 4
40 FRNI Height 1 30.00 . . . 30 30
40 POBA dbh 9 6.33 4.25 2.06 0.69 5 10
40 POBA Height 9 51.67 149.50 12.23 4.08 38 70
40 POTR1 Height 55 57.87 136.78 11.70 1.58 35 76
40 POTR1 dbh 55 7.96 5.52 2.35 0.32 4 16
45 ABBA dbh 21 5.05 0.65 0.80 0.18 4 6
45 ABBA Height 21 39.52 25.56 5.06 1.10 32 50
45 BEPA dbh 9 5.33 0.25 0.50 0.17 5 6
45 BEPA Height 9 38.44 55.03 7.42 2.47 26 48
45 LALA dbh 3 8.33 1.33 1.15 0.67 7 9
45 LALA Height 3 54.67 6.33 2.52 1.45 52 57
45 POBA dbh 1 4.00 4 4
45 POBA Height 1 30.00 . . . 30 30
45 THOC dbh 133 6.12 2.71 1.65 0.14 4 14
45 THOC Height 133 32.48 60.95 7.81 0.68 9 49
46 ABBA dbh 8 6.25 4.50 2.12 0.75 4 9
46 ABBA Height 8 37.50 54.57 7.39 2.61 26 45
46 BEPA dbh 14 4.86 1.05 1.03 0.27 4 7
46 BEPA Height 14 34.86 38.59 6.21 1.66 25 43
46 PIGL dbh 1 7.00 7 7
46 PIGL Height 1 41 .00 41 41

 

98

Appendix B Table 2 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Species dth N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
46 PTMA dbh 26 6.15 0.54 0.73 0.14 5 9
46 PIMA Height 26 46.38 4.25 2.06 0.40 40 48
46 POBA dbh 10 5.50 1.17 1.08 0.34 4 7
46 POBA Height 10 39.20 15.29 3.91 1.24 30 43
46 POTR1 dbh 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
46 POTR1 Height 2 42.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 42 43
46 THOC dbh 148 5.95 3.73 1.93 0.16 4 15
46 THOC Height 148 29.62 23.91 4.89 0.40 16 42
47 ABBA dbh 10 6.60 2.71 1.65 0.52 4 10
47 ABBA Height 10 42.20 85.29 9.24 2.92 30 59
47 BEPA dbh 4 5.00 2.00 1.41 0.71 4 7
47 BEPA Height 4 32.25 4.25 2.06 1.03 30 35
47 FRNI dbh 4 10.25 24.92 4.99 2.50 5 17
47 FRNI Height 4 43.25 82.25 9.07 4.53 30 50
47 THOC dbh 140 7.44 7.53 2.74 0.23 4 19
47 THOC Height 140 35.04 70.50 8.40 0.71 15 56
48 ABBA dbh 14 5.79 2.49 1.58 0.42 4 9
48 ABBA Height 14 39.36 83.79 9.15 2.45 28 61
48 BEPA dbh 3 6.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 5 9
48 BEPA Height 3 41.00 25.00 5.00 2.89 36 46
48 PIMA dbh 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
48 PIMA Height 2 39.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 37 41
48 THOC dbh 156 6.17 2.54 1.60 0.13 4 13
48 THOC Height 156 31.69 25.22 5.02 0.40 15 49

 

“Fa dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

99

Appendix B Table 3. Large trees stem density (stems/plot) by ELU.

 

 

ELU Species Stem density ELU Species Stem density
1353)) AfiA 10.6667 LW(m) POBA 0.666?
ED(p) ACRU1 1 LW(m) POGR 0.1667
ED(p) BEPA 0.6667 LW(m) POTR1 1.6667
ED(p) FRNI 1.6667 LW(m) QUMA 0.1667
ED(p) POTR1 6 LW(m) TIAM 0.8333
ED(p) THOC 4.3333 LW(m) ULAM 0.1667
EM(p) ABBA 5.5833 LW(m) ULRU 1
EM(p) ACRU1 0.25 LW(p) LALA 49.1667
EM(p) BEPA 2.8333 LW(p) PIMA 0.1667
EM(p) PIBA 0.4167 LW(p) POBA 0.1667
EM(p) PIRE 0.0833 LW(pm) POBA 0.9167
EM(p) POBA 1.0833 LW(pm) POTR1 0.1667
EM(p) POTR1 18.3333 LW(pm) THOC 48.0833
EM(p) THOC 2.6667 LW(pm) ABBA 4.4167
EW(m) ABBA 4.5 LW(pm) BEPA 2.5
EW(m) BEPA 0.3333 LW(pm) FRNI 0.3333
EW(m) FRNI 13.8333 LW(pm) LALA 0.25
EW(m) LALA 0.1667 LW(pm) PIGL 0.0833
EW(m) PIMA 2.8333 LW(pm) PIMA 2.3333
EW(m) POBA 2.6667 LW(vp) THOC 1.75
EW(m) POTR1 1.8333 LW(vp) LALA 3.9167
LM(m) ABBA 6.2857 LW(vp) PIMA 29.5833
LM(m) ACRU1 0.4286 MM(m) ABBA 2
LM(m) BEPA 0.6429 MM(m) FRNI 0.9091
LM(m) FRNI 0.5 MM(m) PIGL 0.2727
LM(m) PIGL 0.0714 MM(m) POBA 2.2727
LM(m) POBA 1.3571 MM(m) POTR1 26.2727
LM(m) POTR1 15.1429 MM(m) ULRU 0.1818
LM(m) QUPR 0.0714 MM(p) ABBA 36.6667
LM(m) ULRU 0.2857 MM(p) BEPA 4.3333
LM(m) UNK 0.0714 MM(p) PIGL 0.3333
LW(m) ABBA 3 MM(p) PIMA 1
LW(m) ACRU1 0.6667 MM(p) POTR1 12
LW(m) BEPA 1 MW(m) ABBA 0.3333
LW(m) FRNI 13.3333 MW(m) ACRU1 4.3333
LW(m) FRPE 0.3333 MW(m) BEPA 2.1667
LW(m) PIGL 1.6667 MW(m) FRNI 0.3333

 

 

100

Appendix B Table 3 (Cont).

 

ELU Species Stem density

 

MW(m) TOBA 4.5
MW(m) POTR1 19.1667
MW(m) UNK 0.1667
MW(p) LALA 38.5
MW(p) PIMA 0.5

 

101

Appendix B Table 4. Large trees stem density (stems/plot) by unit number.

 

Unit No. Species Stem density Unit No. Species Stern density

 

SZZZZZOOOOOONQOsM‘MA-h-hA-bhwwwwwNNNN—r—t—Hr—ot—t—

ABBA
ACRU1
BEPA
FRNI
POBA
POTR1
UNK
ABBA
ACRU 1
POBA
POTR1
ABBA
ACRU1
BEPA
POBA
POTR1
ABBA
BEPA
PIBA
PIRE
POBA
POTR1
LALA
PIMA
LALA
PIMA
LALA
LALA
POBA
POBA
POTR1
ABBA
PIGL
POBA
POTR1
ULRU
ABBA

0.3333
8
4.3333
0.6667
1

22.6667

0.3333

0.3333

0.6667
8

15.6667

1.6667
1
5
0.6667
22
0.6667
0.3333
1.6667
0.3333
1
25.3333
43.3333
1
58
0.3333

33.6667

40.3333
0.3333
0.5
30.5
1
0.6667
8
25.3333
0.3333
2

13
13
13
13
l3
13
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
l8
l8
l8
l8
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20

ACRU 1
BEPA
F RNI
POBA

POTR1
QUPR
ABBA
PIGL

POTR1
ULRU

ABBA
F RNI
PIGL

POBA

QUMA

ULAM
ULRU

ABBA

ACRU 1
BEPA
F RN 1
FRPE
PIGL
POBA
POGR

POTR1
TIAM
ULRU

ABBA
F RNI

LALA
PIMA

POBA

POTR1
ABBA
BEPA
FRNI

2
0.6667
2
0.6667
24
0.3333
2.3333
0.3333
19
0.3333

_ 0.3333

15.6667
3
0.6667
0.3333
0.3333
0.6667
5.6667
1.3333
2
1 1
0.6667
0.3333
0.6667
0.3333
3.3333
1.6667
1.3333
7.6667

' 13
0.3333
5.6667
1.3333
3.6667
1.3333
0.6667
14.6667

 

102

Appendix B Table 4 (Cont).

 

Unit No. Species Stem density Unit No. Species Stem density

 

21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
28
28
28
30
31
32
32
34
34
34
34
34
34
38
38
38
39
39
39
39

TPIGL

PIMA
POTR1
ABBA
BEPA
POBA
POTR1
ABBA
ACRU 1
BEPA

FRNI
POTR1
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
POBA
POTR1
THOC
LALA

PIMA
THOC

PIMA

PIMA
LALA

PIMA
ABBA
BEPA

PIGL
POBA
POTR1

ABBA
FRNI
POTR1
ABBA
POBA
POTR1
ULRU

0.3333
1
12
14
2.6667
0.3333
12
10.6667
1
0.6667
1.6667
6
4.3333
6
3.3333
2.3333
14
10.6667
0.6667
21.3333
7
51
36.3333
15
9.6667
6.3333
1.3333
0.3333
1.6667
21.3333
0.3333
4
3.3333
31.6667
9.6667
1
7
1.3333

40
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
48
48
48
48

ABBA
BEPA
FRNI
POBA
POTR1
ABBA
BEPA
LALA
POBA
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
PIGL
PIMA
POBA
POTR1
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
FRNI
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
PIMA
THOC

11.3333
1
0.3333
3.
18.3333
7
3
1
0.3333
44.3333
2.6667
4.6667
0.3333
8.6667
3.3333
0.6667
49.3333
3.3333
1.3333
1.3333
46.6667
4.6667
1
0.6667
52

 

103

Appendix B Table 5. Small trees diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums, and maximums by ELU and species“.

 

 

“ELU Jadable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
ED(p) Diameter ABBA 34 1.51 0.93 0.97 0.17 0.5 3
ED(p) Diameter ACRU1 49 0.51 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.5 1
ED(p) Diameter BEPA 5 1.80 0.70 0.84 0.37 l 3
ED(p) Diameter FRNI 57 0.63 0.16 0.40 0.05 0.5 2
ED(p) Diameter POTR1 7 0.86 0.89 0.94 0.36 0.5 3
ED(p) Height ABBA 34 10.85 68.25 8.26 1.42 l 27
ED(p) Height ACRU1 49 2.18 2.65 1.63 0.23 1 7
ED(p) Height BEPA 5 25.60 38.30 6.19 2.77 18 34
ED(p) Height FRNI 57 5.02 20.73 4.55 0.60 1 22
ED(p) Height POTR1 7 5.29 100.90 10.05 3.80 1 28
EM(p) Diameter ABBA 152 0.94 0.61 0.78 0.06 0.5 4
EM(p) Diameter ACRU1 166 0.60 0.19 0.44 0.03 0.5 4
EM(p) Diameter BEAL 5 1.10 0.30 0.55 0.24 0.5 2
EM(p) Diameter BEPA 10 2.70 0.46 0.67 0.21 1 3
EM(p) Diameter FRNI 103 0.53 0.03 0.17 0.02 0.5 2
EM(p) Diameter PIGL 4 0.75 0.08 0.29 ‘ 0.14 0.5 1
EM(p) Diameter POBA 2 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 47 2.00 1.27 1.13 0.16 0.5 4
EM(p) Diameter THOC 99 0.72 0.35 0.59 0.06 0.5 3
EM(p) Diameter ULRU 1 1 1.77 0.47 0.68 0.21 0.5 3
EM(p) Height ABBA 152 5.93 42.98 6.56 0.53 1 45
EM(p) Height ACRU1 166 3.33 43.34 6.58 0.51 1 42
EM(p) Height BEAL 5 20.20 55.70 7.46 3.34 8 25
EM(p) Height BEPA 10 34.00 26.00 5.10 1.61 25 41
EM(p) Height FRNI 103 2.45 8.70 2.95 0.29 1 24
EM(p) Height PIGL 4 7.00 36.67 6.06 3.03 1 14
EM(p) Height POBA 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
EM(p) Height POTR1 47 25.87 277.33 16.65 2.43 1 50
EM(p) Height THOC 99 4.52 23.13 4.81 0.48 1 21
EM(p) Height ULRU 1 1 20.00 45.80 6.77 2.04 2 30
EW(m) Diameter ABBA 48 1.00 0.37 0.61 0.09 0.5 3
EW(m) Diameter ACRU1 180 0.53 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.5 1
EW(m) Diameter BEAL 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
EW(m) Diameter FRNI 113 0.85 0.44 0.67 0.06 0.5 3
EW(m) Diameter PIGL 4 0.63 0.06 0.25 0.13 0.5 1
EW(m) Diameter PIMA 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
EW(m) Diameter POBA 8 0.94 0.25 0.50 0.18 0.5 2
EW(m) Diameter ULRU 9 0.61 0.05 0.22 0.07 0.5 1
EW(m) Height ABBA 48 6.58 21.35 4.62 0.67 1 20
EW(m) Height ACRU1 180 2.86 3.07 1.75 0.13 1 13
EW(m) Height BEAL 1 18.00 18 18

 

104

Appendix B Table 5 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
E_W(m) Height FRNI 113 7.86 63.43 7.96 0.75 1 35
EW(m) Height PIGL 4 1.75 2.25 1.50 0.75 1 4
EW(m) Height PIMA 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
EW(m) Height POBA 8 11.38 29.70 5.45 1.93 5 23
EW(m) Height ULRU 9 5.56 9.03 3.00 1.00 1 10
LM(m) Diameter ABBA 56 1.99 1.48 1.22 0.16 0.5 4
LM(m) Diameter ACRU1 71 0.52 0.03 0.18 0.02 0.5 2
LM(m) Diameter BEPA 4 2.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 2 3
LM(m) Diameter FRNI 397 0.58 0.12 0.35 0.02 0.5 3
LM(m) Diameter POBA 4 1.63 1.23 1.11 0.55 0.5 3
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 23 0.91 1.22 1.10 0.23 0.5 4
LM(m) Diameter QUMA 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
LM(m) Diameter THOC 3 0.67 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.5 1
LM(m) Diameter ULRU 27 0.81 0.29 0.54 0.10 0.5 2
LM(m) Diameter UNK 7 0.71 0.32 0.57 0.21 0.5 2
LM(m) Height ABBA 56 15.59 107.05 10.35 1.38 1 49
LM(m) Height ACRU1 71 2.58 4.99 2.23 0.27 1 13
LM(m) Height BEPA 4 26.75 4.92 2.22 1.11 25 30
LM(m) Height FRNI 397 3.65 34.21 5.85 0.29 1 52
LM(m) Height POBA 4 17.25 98.25 9.91 4.96 8 30
LM(m) Height POTR1 23 7.83 184.97 13.60 2.84 1 59
LM(m) Height QUMA l 1.00 . . . l 1
LM(m) Height THOC 3 7.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 6 8
LM(m) Height ULRU 27 7.52 30.03 5.48 1.05 1 20
LM(m) Height UNK 7 5.00 3.00 1.73 0.65 3 7
LW(m) Diameter ABBA 7 0.86 0.31 0.56 0.21 0.5 2
LW(m) Diameter ACRU1 44 0.51 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.5 1
LW(m) Diameter FRNI 199 0.64 0.21 0.46 0.03 0.5 3
LW(m) Diameter PIGL 2 1.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
LW(m) Diameter POBA 4 0.88 0.56 0.75 0.38 0.5 2
LW(m) Diameter POTR1 2 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
LW(m) Diameter QUMA 5 0.80 0.45 0.67 0.30 0.5 2
LW(m) Diameter QURU 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
LW(m) Diameter ULAM 3 1.33 2.08 1.44 0.83 0.5 3
LW(m) Diameter ULRU 26 0.92 0.75 0.87 0.17 0.5 3
LW(m) Height ABBA 7 5.14 23.81 4.88 1.84 1 13
LW(m) Height ACRU1 44 4.20 25.00 5.00 0.75 1 26
LW(m) Height FRNI 199 5.08 35.49 5.96 0.42 1 32
LW(m) Height PIGL 2 11.00 50.00 7.07 5.00 6 l6
LW(m) Height POBA 4 6.75 56.92 7.54 3.77 2 18
LW(m) Height POTR1 2 27.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 25 30
LW(m) Height QUMA 5 7.60 67.30 8.20 3.67 2 21
LW(m) Height QURU 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
LW(m) Height ULAM 3 9.67 154.33 12.42 7.17 2 24

 

105

Appendix B Table 5 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev StdIErr Min Max
LW(m) Height ULRU 26 8.15 83.18 9.12 1.79 1 32
LW(p) Diameter ABBA 1 1.00 . . . l 1
LW(p) Diameter LALA 18 2.33 1.18 1.08 0.26 1 4
LW(p) Diameter PIMA 85 0.97 0.45 0.67 0.07 0.5 3
LW(p) Diameter THOC 25 0.84 0.39 0.62 0.12 0.5 3
LW(p) Height ABBA 1 8.00 . . . 8 8
LW(p) Height LALA 18 24.78 115.24 10.74 2.53 9 40
LW(p) Height PIMA 85 6.36 20.57 4.54 0.49 1 22
LW(p) Height THOC 25 6.08 25.66 5.07 1.01 2 15
LW(pm) Diameter ABBA 309 0.83 0.43 0.66 0.04 0.5 4
LW(pm) Diameter ACRU1 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
LW(pm) Diameter BEPA 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
LW(pm) Diameter FRNI 17 0.79 0.35 0.59 0.14 0.5 2
LW(pm) Diameter LALA 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
LW(pm) Diameter PIGL 1 0.50 . . ' . 0.5 0.5
LW(pm) Diameter PIMA 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 l 1
LW(pm) Diameter POBA 3 0.83 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.5 1
LW(pm) Diameter POTR1 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 99 2.03 1.14 1.07 0.11 0.5 4
LW(pm) Diameter ULRU 6 0.58 0.04 0.20 0.08 0.5 1
LW(pm) Height ABBA 309 5.56 35.21 5.93 0.34 1 30
LW(pm) Height ACRU1 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
LW(pm) Height BEPA 2 25.00 18.00 4.24 3.00 22 28
LW(pm) Height FRNI 17 3.18 10.40 3.23 0.78 l 15
LW(pm) Height LALA 2 4.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 2 7
LW(pm) Height PIGL 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
LW(pm) Height PIMA 3 3.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 3 4
LW(pm) Height POBA 3 6.67 16.33 4.04 2.33 2 9
LW(pm) Height POTR1 1 14.00 . . . 14 14
LW(pm) Height THOC 99 14.73 51.10 7.15 0.72 1 33
LW(pm) Height ULRU 6 2.83 6.57 2.56 1.05 1 8
LW(vp) Diameter ABBA 43 0.62 0.08 0.29 0.04 0.5 2
LW(vp) Diameter LALA 20 1 .98 1 .41 1 .19 0.27 0.5 4
LW(vp) Diameter PIMA 260 1 .01 0.76 0.87 0.05 0.5 4
LW(vp) Diameter THOC 16 0.69 0.16 0.40 0.10 0.5 2
LW(vp) Height ABBA 43 4.02 8.74 2.96 0.45 1 l 1
LW(vp) Height LALA 20 17.25 101.99 10.10 2.26 3 35
LW(vp) Height PIMA 260 7.33 78.35 8.85 0.55 1 39
LW(vp) Height THOC 16 4.81 8.83 2.97 0.74 l 10
MM(m) Diameter ABBA 41 1.15 0.77 0.87 0.14 0.5 4
MM(m) Diameter ACRU1 9 . 0.56 0.03 0.17 0.06 0.5 l
MM(m) Diameter BEPA 16 1.41 0.51 0.71 0.18 0.5 2
MM(m) Diameter FRNI 258 0.53 0.03 0.18 0.01 0.5 2
MM(m) Diameter POBA 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5

 

106

Appendix B Table 5 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
MM(m) Diameter POT—RT 68 1.53 1.52 1.23 0.15 0.5 4
MM(m) Diameter QUMA 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
MM(m) Diameter ULRU 5 1.10 1.18 1.08 0.48 0.5 3
MM(m) Height ABBA 41 8.44 27.60 5.25 0.82 1 25
MM(m) Height ACRU1 9 4.00 28.50 5.34 1.78 l 16
MM(m) Height BEPA 16 16.38 43.18 6.57 1.64 3 28
MM(m) Height FRNI 258 3.42 10.07 3.17 0.20 1 30
MM(m) Height POBA 3 2.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 2 3
MM(m) Height POTR1 68 17.88 189.78 13.78 1.67 1 53
MM(m) Height QUMA l 10.00 . . . 10 10
MM(m) Height ULRU 5 7.80 46.20 6.80 3.04 2 l8
MM(p) Diameter ABBA 7 3.14 0.48 0.69 0.26 2 4
MM(p) Diameter POTR1 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
MM(p) Height ABBA 7 38.29 40.90 6.40 2.42 28 45
MM(p) Height POTR1 3 3.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 2 5
MW(m) Diameter ACRU1 22 0.66 0.56 0.75 0.16 0.5 4
MW (m) Diameter BEPA 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
MW(m) Diameter FRNI 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
MW(m) Diameter PIGL 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
MW(m) Diameter POBA 25 0.94 0.88 0.94 0.19 0.5 4
MW(m) Diameter POTR1 52 1.03 0.99 1.00 0.14 0.5 4
MW(m) Diameter ULRU 9 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
MW(m) Height ACRU1 22 3.05 51.57 7.18 1.53 1 35
MW(m) Height BEPA l 38.00 . . . 38 38
MW(m) Height FRNI 3 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
MW(m) Height PIGL 1 6.00 . . . 6 6
MW(m) Height POBA 25 7.88 130.19 11.41 2.28 2 50
MW(m) Height POTR1 52 9.40 209.70 14.48 2.01 1 51
MW(m) Height ULRU 9 1.56 0.53 0.73 0.24 l 3
MW(p) Diameter PIMA 32 1.30 1.29 1.13 0.20 0.5 4
MW(p) Diameter THOC 2 1.75 3.13 1.77 1.25 0.5 3
MW(p) Height PIMA 32 9.25 159.61 12.63 2.23 1 50
MW(p) Height THOC 2 10.00 128.00 11.31 8.00 2 18

 

“a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

107

Appendix B Table 6. Small trees diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and species“.

 

Unit No. Variable

Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max

 

Err
1 fiDiameter ACRU1 14 0.75 0.88 0.94 0.25 0.5 4
1 Diameter BEPA 1 3.00 3 3
1 Diameter POBA 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
1 Diameter POTR1 5 2.60 0.30 0.55 0.24 2 3
1 Height ACRU1 14 3.79 80.95 9.00 2.40 1 35
1 Height BEPA 1 38.00 38 38
1 Height POBA 1 50.00 . . 50 50
1 Height POTR1 5 40.40 163.30 12.78 5.71 25 51
2 Diameter ACRU1 8 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
2 Diameter FRNI 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
2 Diameter PIGL l 1 .00 . . . l 1
2 Diameter POBA 24 0.81 0.50 0.70 0.14 0.5 3
2 Diameter POTR1 47 0.86 0.78 0.88 0.13 0.5 4
2 Diameter ULRU 9 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
2 Height ACRU1 8 1.75 1.36 1.16 0.41 1 4
2 Height FRNI 3 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
2 Height PIGL 1 6.00 . . . 6 6
2 Height POBA 24 6.13 55.51 7.45 1.52 2 30
2 Height POTR1 47 6.1 1 102.75 10.14 1.48 1 35
2 Height ULRU 9 1.56 0.53 0.73 0.24 1 3
3 Diameter ABBA 11 0.55 0.02 0.15 0.05 0.5 1
3 Diameter ACRU1 72 0.69 0.39 0.62 0.07 0.5 4
3 Diameter BEAL 5 1.10 0.30 0.55 0.24 0.5 2
3 Diameter BEPA 4 2.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 1 3
3 Diameter PIGL 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
3 Diameter POTR1 27 1.76 1.35 1.16 0.22 0.5 4
3 Diameter ULRU 10 1.90 0.32 0.57 0.18 1 3
3 Height ABBA 1 1 2.27 2.22 1.49 0.45 1 5
3 Height ACRU1 72 4.82 77.95 8.83 1.04 1 42
3 Height BEAL 5 20.20 55.70 7.46 3.34 8 25
3 Height BEPA 4 34.25 42.25 6.50 3.25 25 40
3 Height PIGL l 3.00 . . 3 3
3 Height POTR1 27 21.89 324.41 18.01 3.47 1 46
3 Height ULRU 10 21.80 11.29 3.36 1.06 20 30

 

108

Appendix B Table 6 (Cont).

 

 

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err

4 flameter ABBA 30 0.67 0.16 0.40 0.W0.5 2
4 Diameter ACRU1 72 0.53 0.04 0.19 0.02 0.5 2
4 Diameter PIGL 3 0.83 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.5 1
4 Diameter POTR1 17 2.65 0.49 0.70 0.17 2 4
4 Height ABBA 30 3.20 14.03 3.75 0.68 1 l4
4 Height ACRU2 72 2.46 18.39 4.29 0.51 l 35
4 Height PIGL 3 8.33 44.33 6.66 3.84 1 14
4 Height POTR1 17 36.24 31.07 5.57 1.35 30 50
5 Diameter LALA 13 3.31 0.56 0.75 0.21 2 4
5 Diameter PIMA 10 1.45 1.41 1 . 19 0.38 0.5 4
5 Height LALA 13 37.54 85.60 9.25 2.57 18 48
5 Height PIMA 10 12.10 279.88 16.73 5.29 2 50
6 Diameter ABBA 1 1 .00 . . . l l
6 Diameter LALA l 1 3.09 0.29 0.54 0.16 2 4
6 Diameter PIMA 31 0.90 0.29 0.54 0.10 0.5 2
6 Diameter THOC 23 0.74 0.20 0.45 0.09 0.5 2
6 Height ABBA l 8.00 . . . 8 8
6 Height LALA l 1 32.45 20.27 4.50 1.36 25 40
6 Height PIMA 31 5.55 20.32 4.51 0.81 1 16
6 Height THOC 23 5.65 25.24 5.02 1.05 2 15
7 Diameter LALA 19 0.97 0.18 0.42 0.10 0.5 2
7 Diameter PIMA 22 1.23 1.28 1.13 0.24 0.5 4
7 Diameter THOC 2 1.75 3.13 1.77 1.25 0.5 3
7 Height LALA 19 11.42 58.70 7.66 1.76 2 25
7 Height PIMA 22 7.95 1 10.05 10.49 2.24 l 38
7 Height THOC 2 10.00 128.00 11.31 8.00 2 18
8 Diameter LALA 7 1.14 0.14 0.38 0.14 1 2
8 Diameter PIMA 54 1.01 0.54 0.74 0.10 0.5 3
8 Diameter THOC 2 2.00 2.00 1.41 1 .00 1 3
8 Height LALA 7 12.71 14.90 3.86 1.46 9 20
8 Height PIMA 54 6.83 20.48 4.53 0.62 2 22
8 Height THOC 2 1 1.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 9 13
9 Diameter ABBA 23 1.28 0.91 0.95 0.20 0.5 4
9 Diameter BEPA 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
9 Diameter FRNI 2 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
9 Diameter POTR1 24 2.79 0.43 0.66 0.13 2 4
9 Height ABBA 23 9.04 29.04 5.39 1.12 l 25

 

109

 

 

Appendix B Table 6. (Cont).
Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err
9 Height BEPA 1 8.00 . . 8 8
9 Height F RNI 2 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
9 Height POTR1 24 29.79 1 10.00 10.49 2.14 1 44
1 1 Diameter ABBA 8 0.81 0.78 0.88 0.31 0.5 3
1 1 Diameter FRNI l 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
1 1 Diameter POBA 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
1 1 Diameter POTR1 4 2.63 2.23 1.49 0.75 0.5 4
1 1 Diameter ULRU 5 1.10 1.18 1.08 0.48 0.5 3
1 1 Height ABBA 8 6.13 33.84 5.82 2.06 l 20
11 Height FRNI l 4.00 . . . 4 4
1 1 Height POBA 3 2.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 2 3
l 1 Height POTR1 4 34.75 534.92 23.13 1 1.56 1 53
l 1 Height ULRU 5 7.80 46.20 6.80 3.04 2 18
13 Diameter ABBA 3 1.83 1.58 1 .26 0.73 0.5 3
13 Diameter ACRU1 59 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
13 Diameter FRNI 51 0.55 0.05 0.23 0.03 0.5 2 '
13 Diameter POTR1 3 1.33 2.08 1.44 0.83 0.5 3
13 Diameter ULRU 5 1.00 0.38 0.61 0.27 0.5 2
13 Diameter UNK 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
13 Height ABBA 3 20.67 622.33 24.95 14.40 2 49
13 Height ACRU1 59 2.61 3.83 1.96 0.25 1 10
13 Height FRNI 51 3.53 55.41 7.44 1.04 1 52
13 Height POTR1 3 22.00 ###### 32.14 18.56 1 59
13 Height ULRU 5 9.60 16.80 4.10 1.83 6 16
13 Height UNK 3 4.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 3 5
16 Diameter ABBA 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
16 Diameter ACRU1 4 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
16 Diameter FRNI 228 0.52 0.02 0.15 0.01 0.5 2
16 Diameter POTR1 36 0.53 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.5 1
16 Diameter QUMA 1 1.00 1 1
16 Height ABBA 1 16.00 . . . 16 16
16 Height ACRU1 4 1.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 1 2
16 Height FRNI 228 3.42 10.28 3.21 0.21 1 30
16 Height POTR1 36 8.00 6.57 2.56 0.43 3 13
16 Height QUMA 1 10.00 10 10
17 Diameter ABBA 1 1.00 1 1
17 Diameter ACRU1 1 0.50 0.5 0.5

 

110

Appendix B Table 6. (Cont).

 

 

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err
FF hiameter FRNI 61 0.65 0.21 0.46 0.06 0.5 3
17 Diameter PIGL 2 1.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
17 Diameter POBA 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
17 Diameter QUMA 5 0.80 0.45 0.67 0.30 0.5 2
17 Diameter QURU l 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
17 Diameter ULAM 3 1.33 2.08 1.44 0.83 0.5 3
17 Diameter ULRU 21 1.00 0.90 0.95 0.21 0.5 3
17 Height ABBA 1 10.00 10 10
17 Height ACRU1 1 2.00 . . 2 2
17 Height F RNI 61 5.18 31.72 5.63 0.72 l 32
17 Height PIGL 2 l 1.00 50.00 7.07 5.00 6 16
17 Height POBA 1 18.00 . . . 18 18
17 Height QUMA 5 7.60 67 .30 8.20 3.67 2 21
17 Height QURU 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
17 Height ULAM 3 9.67 154.33 12.42 7.17 2 24
17 Height ULRU 21 8.48 95.76 9.79 2.14 1 32
18 Diameter ABBA 6 0.83 0.37 0.61 0.25 0.5 2
18 Diameter ACRU1 43 0.51 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.5 1
18 Diameter F RNI 138 0.64 0.22 0.47 0.04 0.5 3
18 Diameter POBA 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
18 Diameter POTR1 2 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
18 Diameter ULRU 5 0.60 0.05 0.22 0.10 0.5 1
18 Height ABBA 6 4.33 23.07 4.80 1.96 1 13
18 Height ACRU1 43 4.26 25.48 5.05 0.77 1 26
18 Height FRNI 138 5.04 37.39 6.11 0.52 1 32
18 Height POBA 3 3.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 2 4
18 Height POTR1 2 27 .50 12.50 3.54 2.50 25 30
18 Height ULRU 5 6.80 38.20 6.18 2.76 1 17
19 Diameter ABBA 27 0.96 0.52 0.72 0.14 0.5 3
19 Diameter ACRU1 180 0.53 0.01 0.1 1 0.01 0.5 1
19 Diameter F RNI 66 0.91 0.53 0.73 0.09 0.5 3
19 Diameter PIMA l 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
19 Height ABBA 27 5.48 23.34 4.83 0.93 1 20
19 Height ACRU1 180 2.86 3.07 1.75 0.13 1 13
19 Height FRNI 66 7.91 75.81 8.71 1.07 1 35
19 Height PIMA 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
20 Diameter ABBA 21 1.05 0.20 0.44 0.10 0.5 2

 

lll

Appendix B Table 6 (Cont).

 

 

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err

20 Diameter TEAL 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
20 Diameter FRNI 47 0.76 0.31 0.56 0.08 0.5 3
20 Diameter PIGL 4 0.63 0.06 0.25 0.13 0.5 1
20 Diameter POBA 8 0.94 0.25 0.50 0.18 0.5 2
20 Diameter ULRU 9 0.61 0.05 0.22 0.07 0.5 1
20 Height ABBA 21 8.00 16.10 4.01 0.88 1 15
20 Height BEAL 1 18.00 . . . 18 18
20 Height FRNI 47 7.79 47.30 6.88 1.00 1 33
20 Height PIGL 4 1.75 2.25 1.50 0.75 1 4
20 Height POBA 8 11.38 29.70 5.45 1.93 5 23
20 Height ULRU 9 5.56 9.03 3.00 1.00 l 10
21 Diameter ABBA 7 3.14 0.48 0.69 0.26 2 4
21 Diameter POTR1 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
21 Height ABBA 7 38.29 40.90 6.40 2.42 28 45
21 Height POTR1 3 3.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 2 5
22 Diameter ABBA 52 1.28 0.98 0.99 0.14 0.5 4
22 Diameter ACRU1 21 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
22 Diameter BEPA 6 2.83 0.17 0.41 0.17 2 3
22 Diameter FRNI 101 0.53 0.03 0.17 0.02 0.5 2
22 Diameter POBA 2 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
22 Diameter POTR1 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
22 Diameter THOC l 0.50 0.5 0.5
22 Diameter ULRU l 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
22 Height ABBA 52 8.75 72.00 8.48 1.18 1 45
22 Height ACRU2 21 1.29 0.31 0.56 0.12 1 3
22 Height BEPA 6 33.83 21.37 4.62 1.89 30 41
22 Height FRNI 101 2.38 8.62 2.94 0.29 1 24
22 Height POBA 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
22 Height POTR1 3 3.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 2 4
22 Height THOC 1 2.00 2 2
22 Height ULRU 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
23 Diameter ABBA 34 1.51 0.93 0.97 0.17 0.5 3
23 Diameter ACRU1 49 0.51 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.5 1
23 Diameter BEPA 5 1.80 0.70 0.84 0.37 1 3
23 Diameter FRNI 57 0.63 0.16 0.40 0.05 0.5 2
23 Diameter LALA 32 1.92 1.68 1.30 0.23 0.5 4
23 Diameter POTR1 7 0.86 0.89 0.94 0.36 0.5 3

 

112

Appendix B Table 6 (Cont).

 

 

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err
23 Height ABBA 34 10.85 68.25 8.26 1.42 l 27
23 Height ACRU1 49 2.18 2.65 1.63 0.23 l 7
23 Height BEPA 5 25.60 38.30 6.19 2.77 18 34
23 Height FRNI 57 5.02 20.73 4.55 0.60 1 22
23 Height LALA 32 22.03 237.06 15.40 2.72 2 48
23 Height POTR1 7 5.29 100.90 10.05 3.80 1 28
24 Diameter ABBA 59 0.86 0.45 0.67 0.09 0.5 3
24 Diameter ACRU1 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
24 Diameter F RNI 2 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
24 Diameter THOC 98 0.72 0.35 0.59 0.06 0.5 3
24 Height ABBA 59 5.53 27.50 5.24 0.68 l 22
24 Height ACRU1 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
24 Height FRNI 2 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
24 Height THOC 98 4.54 23.30 4.83 0.49 1 21
28 Diameter ABBA 43 0.62 0.08 0.29 0.04 0.5 2
28 Diameter PIMA 67 1 .38 1.04 1.02 0.12 0.5 4
28 Diameter THOC 16 0.69 0.16 0.40 0.10 0.5 2
28 Height ABBA 43 4.02 8.74 2.96 0.45 1 l 1
28 Height PIMA 67 11.19 116.43 10.79 1.32 1 31
28 Height THOC 16 4.81 8.83 2.97 0.74 1 10
30 Diameter PIMA 31 1.24 0.98 0.99 0.18 0.5 4
30 Height PIMA 31 9.03 103.83 10.19 1.83 l 39
31 Diameter LALA 2 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
31 Diameter PIMA 77 1.01 0.80 0.90 0.10 0.5 4
31 Height LALA 2 4.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 3 5
31 Height PIMA 77 6.61 83.93 9.16 1.04 1 35
32 Diameter LALA 18 2.14 l .29 1.14 0.27 0.5 4
32 Diameter PIMA 85 0.64 0.17 0.41 0.04 0.5 3
32 Height LALA 18 18.72 90.92 9.54 2.25 5 35
32 Height PIMA 85 4.33 14.53 3.81 0.41 1 25
34 Diameter ABBA 25 2.38 1.63 1 .28 0.26 0.5 4
34 Diameter ACRU1 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
34 Diameter BEPA 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
34 Diameter FRNI 99 0.65 0.22 0.47 0.05 0.5 3
34 Diameter POTR1 3 2.83 4.08 2.02 1.17 0.5 4
34 Diameter ULRU 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
34 Height ABBA 25 18.08 71.16 8.44 1.69 1 33

 

113

Appendix B Table 6 (Cont).

 

 

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err

34 Height ACRU1 1 2.00 . . 2 2
34 Height BEPA 2 26.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26 26
34 Height FRNI 99 5.75 62.93 7.93 0.80 l 43
34 Height POTR1 3 20.33 264.33 16.26 9.39 2 33
34 Height ULRU 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
38 Diameter ABBA 9 1.00 0.38 0.61 0.20 0.5 2
38 Diameter ACRU1 5 0.60 0.05 0.22 0.10 0.5 1
38 Diameter BEPA 15 1.47 0.48 0.69 0.18 0.5 2
38 Diameter FRNI 27 0.65 0.1 1 0.33 0.06 0.5 2
38 Diameter POTR1 4 1.88 1.73 1.31 0.66 0.5 3
38 Height ABBA 9 8.1 1 14.86 3.86 1.29 3 15
38 Height ACRU1 5 5.80 47.70 6.91 3.09 1 16
38 Height BEPA 15 16.93 40.92 6.40 1.65 3 28
38 Height FRNI 27 3.52 9.64 3.1 1 0.60 1 13
38 Height POTRZ 4 18.50 97.00 9.85 4.92 10 28
39 Diameter ABBA 4 1.38 1.23 1.11 0.55 0.5 3
39 Diameter ACRU1 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
39 Diameter FRNI 3 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
39 Diameter POBA 3 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 1 3
39 Diameter POTR1 14 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
39 Diameter ULRU 4 0.75 0.08 0.29 0.14 0.5 1
39 Diameter UNK 4 0.88 0.56 0.75 0.38 0.5 2
39 Height ABBA 4 12.00 120.00 10.95 5.48 4 28
39 Height ACRU1 l 3.00 . . . 3 3
39 Height FRNI 3 5.33 2.33 1.53 0.88 4 7
39 Height POBA 3 20.33 90.33 9.50 5.49 l 1 30
39 Height POTR1 14 3.36 1.63 1.28 0.34 1 6
39 Height ULRU 4 6.75 36.92 6.08 3.04 1 12
39 Height UNK 4 5.75 3.58 1.89 0.95 3 7
40 Diameter ABBA 23 1.61 1.02 1.01 0.21 0.5 4
40 Diameter ACRU1 7 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
40 Diameter BEPA 2 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 3
40 Diameter FRNI 234 0.55 0.09 0.30 0.02 0.5 3
40 Diameter POBA 1 0.50 0.5 0.5
40 Diameter QUMA 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
40 Diameter THOC 3 0.67 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.5 1
40 Diameter ULRU 16 0.81 0.36 0.60 0.15 0.5 2

 

114

Appendix B Table 6 (Cont).

 

 

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err
40 Height ABBA 23 12.09 77.54 8.81 1.84 1 28
40 Height ACRU1 7 1.29 0.24 0.49 0.18 2
40 Height BEPA 2 27.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 25 30
40 Height FRNI 234 2.75 16.09 4.01 0.26 1 28
40 Height POBA 1 8.00 8 8
40 Height QUMA 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
40 Height THOC 3 7.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 6 8
40 Height ULRU 16 7.38 37.18 6.10 1.52 2 20
45 Diameter ABBA 47 1.34 0.68 0.82 0.12 0.5 4
45 Diameter ACRU1 1 0.50 0.5 0.5
45 Diameter BEPA 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
45 Diameter LALA 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
45 Diameter PIGL 1 0.50 . . . 0.5 0.5
45 Diameter PIMA 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
45 Diameter POBA 3 0.83 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.5 1
45 Diameter THOC 6 2.08 0.84 0.92 0.37 0.5 3
45 Diameter ULRU 2 0.75 0.13 0.35 0.25 0.5 1
45 Height ABBA 47 10.23 66.01 8.12 1.19 1 27
45 Height ACRU2 1 2.00 2 2
45 Height BEPA 1 22.00 . . . 22 22
45 Height LALA 2 4.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 2 7
45 Height PIGL 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
45 Height PIMA 3 3.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 3 4
45 Height POBA 3 6.67 16.33 4.04 2.33 2 9
45 Height THOC 6 14.17 52.57 7.25 2.96 1 23
45 Height ULRU 2 4.50 24.50 4.95 3.50 1 8
46 Diameter ABBA 128 0.62 0.10 0.32 0.03 0.5 2
46 Diameter BEPA 1 4.00 . 4 4
46 Diameter FRNI 1 2.00 . '. . 2 2
46 Diameter THOC 44 1.67 1.03 1.02 0.15 0.5 4
46 Height ABBA 128 3.25 9.56 3.09 0.27 1 16
46 Height BEPA 1 28.00 28 28
46 Height FRNI 1 15.00 . . . 15 15
46 Height THOC 44 11.73 42.02 6.48 0.98 1 25
47 Diameter ABBA 51 0.62 0.08 0.28 0.04 0.5 2
47 Diameter ABBA 83 1.01 0.75 0.87 0.10 0.5 4
47 Diameter FRNI 16 0.72 0.27 0.52 0.13 0.5 2

 

115

Appendix B Table 6 (Cont).

Unit No. Variable Species N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Err
47 Diameter POTR1 1.00 . 1

1 . .
47 Diameter THOC 9 3.22 0.44 0.67 0.22 2 4
47 Diameter ULRU 4 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5 0.5
47 Height ABBA 51 4.31 9.58 3.10 0.43 1 18
47 Height ABBA 83 7.25 49.87 7.06 0.78 1 30
47 Height FRNI 16 2.44 1.20 1.09 0.27 1
47 Height POTR2 1 14.00 . . . 14 14
47 Height THOC 9 19.22 71.44 8.45 2.82 9 33
47 Height ULRU 4 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
48 Diameter THOC 40 2.15 1.03 1.01 0.16 0.5 4
48 Height THOC 40 17.10 40.04 6.33 1.00 1 28

“a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

 

 

u

 

116

Appendix B Table 7. Small trees stem density (stems/plot) by ELU and species.

 

 

ELU Species Stem density ELU Species Stem density_
ED(p) ABBA 1 1 .3333 LW(m) QURU 0.16667
ED(p) ACRU1 16.3333 LW(m) ULAM 0.5
ED(p) BEPA 1.6667 LW(m) ULRU 4.33333
ED(p) FRNI 19 LW(p) ABBA 0.1667
ED(p) POTR1 2.33333 LW(p) LALA 3
EM(p) ABBA 12.6667 LW(p) PIMA 14.1667
EM(p) ACRU1 13.8333 LW(p) THOC 4.16667
EM(p) BEAL 0.4167 LW(pm) ABBA 25.75
EM(p) BEPA 0.8333 LW(pm) ACRU1 0.0833
EM(p) FRNI 8.5833 LW(pm) BEPA 0.1667
EM(p) PIGL 0.3333 LW(pm) FRNI 1.4167
EM(p) POBA 0.16667 LW(pm) LALA 0.1667
EM(p) POTR1 3.91667 LW(pm) PIGL 0.0833
EM(p) THOC 8.25 LW(pm) PIMA 0.25
EM(p) ULRU 0.91667 LW(pm) POBA 0.25
EW(m) ABBA 8 LW(pm) POTR1 0.08333
EW(m) ACRU1 30 LW(pm) THOC 8.25
EW(m) BEAL 0.1667 LW(pm) ULRU 0.5
EW(m) FRNI 18.8333 LW(vp) ABBA 3.5833
EW(m) PIGL 0.6667 LW(vp) LALA 1.6667
EW(m) PIMA 0.1667 LW(vp) PIMA 21.6667
EW(m) POBA 1.33333 LW(vp) THOC 1.33333
EW(m) ULRU 1.5 MM(m) ABBA 3.7273
LM(m) ABBA 3.9286 MM(m) ACRU1 0.8182
LM(m) ACRU1 4.8571 MM(m) BEPA 1.4545
LM(m) BEPA 0.2857 MM(m) FRNI 23.4545
LM(m) FRNI 27.6429 MM(m) POBA 0.27273
LM(m) POBA 0.28571 MM(m) POTR1 6.18182
LM(m) POTR1 1.42857 MM(m) QUMA 0.09091
LM(m) QUMA 0.07143 MM(m) ULRU 0.45455
LM(m) THOC 0.21429 MM(p) ABBA 2.3333
LM(m) ULRU 1.85714 MM(p) POTR1 1
LM(m) UNK 0.5 MW(m) ACRU1 3.6667
LW(m) ABBA 1.1667 MW(m) BEPA 0.1667
LW(m) ACRU1 7.3333 MW(m) FRNI 0.5
LW(m) FRNI 33.1667 MW(m) PIGL 0.1667
LW(m) PIGL 0.3333 MW(m) POBA 4.16667
LW(m) POBA 0.66667 MW(m) POTR1 8.66667
LW(m) POTR1 0.33333 MW(m) ULRU 1.5
LW(m) QUMA 0.83333 MW(p) LALA 5.3333

MW(p) PIMA 5.3333
MW(p) THOC 0.33333

 

117

Appendix B Table 8. Small trees stem density (stems/plot) by unit number and species.

 

Unit no. Species Stem densityr Unit no. Species Stem density

 

oocomwMQfl\IGGO‘QUIUI-bA-b#wwwwaWNNNNNNHI—t—‘H

ACRU1
BEPA
POBA
POTR1
ACRU1
FRNI
InGL
POBA
POTR1
ULRU
ABBA
ACRU1
BEAL
BEPA
lHGL
POTR1
ULRU
ABBA
ACRU1
IHGL
POTR1
LALA
anA
ABBA
LALA
PIMA
THOC
LALA
anA
THOC
LALA
Puma
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
FRNI
POTR1
ABBA
POBA
ULRU
ABBA

4.6667
0.3333
0.3333
1.6667
2.6667
1
0.3333
8
15.6667
3
3.6667
24
1.6667
1.3333
0.3333
9
3.3333
10

24

1
5.6667
4.3333
3.3333
0.3333
3.6667
10.3333
7.6667
6.3333
7.3333
0.6667
2.3333
18
0.6667
11.5
0.5

l

12
2.6667
2.6667
3
2.3333

11
11
11
11
13
13
13
13
13
13
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
l7
l7
l7
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
39
39
39

FRNI
POBA
POTR1
ULRU
ABBA

ACRU1

FRNI
POTR1
ULRU

UNK
ABBA

ACRU1

FRNI
POTR1
QUMA
ABBA

ACRU1

F RNI

PIGL
POBA
QUMA
QURU
ULAM
ULRU
ABBA

ACRU1

FRNI
POBA
POTR1
ULRU
ABBA

ACRU1

FRNI
PIMA
ABBA
BEAL

FRNI

PIGL

FRNI
POBA
POTR1

118

0.3333
1
1.3333
1.6667
1
19.6667
17

1
1.6667
1
0.3333
1.3333
76

12
0.3333
0.3333
0.3333
20.3333
0.6667
0.3333
1.6667
0.3333
1

7

2
14.3333
45

1
0.6667
1.6667
9

60

22
0.3333
7
0.3333
15.6667
1.3333
1

1
4.6667

Appendix B Table 8 (Cont).
Unit no. Species Stern density Unit no. Species Stern density

21
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
28
28
28
30
3 1
3 l
32
32
34
34
34
34
34
34
38
38
38
38
38
39
39

 

POTR1
ABBA
ACRU l
BEPA
FRNI
POBA
POTR1
THOC
ULRU
ABBA
ACRU1
BEPA
FRNI
POTR1
ABBA
ACRU l
FRNI
THOC
ABBA
PIMA
THOC
PIMA
LALA
PIMA
LALA
PIMA
ABBA
ACRU1
BEPA
F RNI
POTR1
ULRU
ABBA
ACRU1
BEPA
FRNI
POTR1
ABBA
ACRU l

1
17.3333
7

2
33.6667
0.6667
1
0.3333
0.3333
11.3333
16.3333
1.6667
19
2.3333
19.6667
0.3333
0.6667
32.6667
14.3333
22.3333
5.3333
10.3333
0.6667
25.6667
6
28.3333
8.3333
0.3333
0.6667
33

1
0.3333
3
1.6667
5

9
1.3333
1.3333
0.3333

39
39
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
46
46
47
47
47
47
47
48
48

ULRU
UNK
ABBA
ACRU 1
BEPA
F RNT
POBA
QUMA
THOC
ULRU
ABBA
ACRU1
BEPA
LALA
PIGL
PIMA
POBA
THOC
ULRU
ABBA
BEPA
FRNI
THOC
ABBA
FRNI
POTR1
THOC
ULRU
ABBA
THOC

1.3333
1.33333
7.6667
2.3333
0.6667
78
0.3333
0.3333
1
5.3333
15.6667
0.3333
0.3333
0.6667
0.3333
1

1

2
0.66667
42.6667
0.3333
0.3333
14.6667
17
5.3333
0.3333
3
1.33333
27.6667
13.3333

 

119

Appendix B Table 9. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums, and maximums by ELU and decay“.

 

 

fiU Decay Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
ED(p) 1 Diameter 7 “786 10.14 3.18 1.20 5 13
ED(p) 1 Height 7 23.57 461.95 21.49 8.12 7 60
ED(p) 2 Diameter 4 13.00 38.00 6.16 3.08 4 18
ED(p) 2 Height 4 28.75 21.58 4.65 2.32 23 33
EM(p) 1 Diameter 23 6.57 4.80 2.19 0.46 4 11
EM(p) 1 Height 23 38.70 339.31 18.42 3.84 8 69
EM(p) 2 Diameter 18 5.44 1.32 1.15 0.27 4 8
EM(p) 2 Height 18 20.33 154.82 12.44 2.93 6 50
EM(p) 3 Diameter 3 6.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 5 7
EW(m) 1 Diameter 11 11.45 24.07 4.91 1.48 4 17
EW(m) 1 Height 11 34.91 179.89 ’ 13.41 4.04 9 63
EW(m) 2 Diameter 7 6.57 4.95 2.23 0.84 5 1 1
EW(m) 2 Height 7 20.29 222.57 14.92 5.64 6 50
EW(m) 3 Diameter 1 9.00 9 9
EW(m) 3 Height 1 1 1.00 . . . 1 1 1 1
LM(m) 1 Diameter 32 5.44 1.80 1.34 0.24 4 8
LM(m) 1 Height 32 38.22 260.18 16.13 2.85 7 70
LM(m) 2 Diameter 11 4.64 0.45 0.67 0.20 4 6
LM(m) 2 Height ' 1 1 26.45 207.07 14.39 4.34 6 51
LM(m) 3 Diameter 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 4 7
LM(m) 3 Height 2 25.50 60.50 7.78 5.50 20 31
LW(m) N/A Diameter 2 19.50 1 12.50 10.61 7 .50 12 27
LW(m) N/A Height 2 36.00 1250.00 35.36 25.00 1 1 61
LW(m) 2 Diameter 4 1 1.25 20.92 4.57 2.29 6 17
LW(m) 2 Height 4 20.00 36.67 6.06 3.03 14 28
LW(m) 3 Diameter 3 13.33 89.33 9.45 5.46 6 24
LW(m) 3 Height 3 16.00 13.00 3.61 2.08 12 19
LW(m) 5 Diameter 1 15.00 15 15
LW(m) 5 Height 1 32.00 . . . 32 32
LW(p) 1 Diameter 4 4.50 0.33 0.58 0.29 4 5
LW(p) 1 Height 4 24.00 130.00 1 1 .40 5.70 7 3 1
LW(p) 2 Diameter 4 4.25 0.25 0.50 0.25 4 5
LW(p) 2 Height 4 23.00 88.67 9.42 4.71 10 32
LW(pm) 1 Diameter 24 5.67 2.32 1.52 0.31 4 9
LW(pm) 1 Height 24 22.71 85.78 9.26 1.89 6 38
LW(pm) 2 Diameter 9 6.78 3.19 1.79 0.60 4 9
LW(pm) 2 Height 9 12.44 14.03 3.75 1.25 7 19
LW(pm) 3 Diameter 4 6.00 2.00 1 .41 0.71 5 8
LW(pm) 3 Height 4 1 1.00 24.67 4.97 2.48 6 17
LW(pm) 5 Diameter 1 1 1.00 1 1 1 l
LW(pm) 5 Height 1 26.00 26 26

 

120

 

Appendix B Table 9 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Decay Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height

IWTvp) 1 Diaméter 10 5.50 1.83 1.35 0.43 4 8
LW(vp) 1 Height 10 31.10 132.54 11.51 3.64 9 45
LW(vp) 2 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
LW(vp) 2 Height 1 20.00 20 20
LW(vp) 4 Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
LW(vp) 4 Height 1 21 .00 . . . 21 21
MM(m) 1 Diameter 27 5.59 2.71 1.65 0.32 4 9
MM(m) 1 Height 27 36.15 264.67 16.27 3.13 3 70
MM(m) 2 Diameter 5 6.00 1 1.50 3.39 1.52 4 12
MM(m) 2 Height 5 32.00 278.00 16.67 7.46 6 52
MM(m) 4 Diameter 1 1 1.00 ' 1 1 11
MM(m) 4 Height 1 24.00 . . . 24 24
MM(p) 1 Diameter 14 5.14 1.52 1.23 0.33 4 7
MM(p) 1 Height 14 27.71 87.30 9.34 2.50 7 40
MM(p) 2 Diameter 7 5.86 2.81 1.68 0.63 4 9
MM(p) 2 Height 7 17.71 148.24 12.18 4.60 6 35
MW(m) N/A Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
MW(m) N/A Height 1 51.00 . . . 51 51
MW(m) 1 Diameter 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
MW(m) 1 Height 3 23.33 8.33 2.89 1.67 20 25
MW(m) 2 Diameter 1 9.00 9 9
MW(m) 2 Height 1 20.00 . . . 20 20
MW(m) 3 Diameter 1 1 4.64 2.25 1.50 0.45 4 9
MW(m) 3 Height 11 23.82 187.56 13.70 4.13 9 52
MW(p) 1 Diameter 8 5. 13 l .84 1.36 0.48 4 8
MW(p) 1 Height 8 34.88 173.27 13.16 4.65 7 48
MW(p) 2 Diameter 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5 7
MW(p) 2 Height 2 15.00 18.00 4.24 3.00 12 18
MW(p) 3 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
MW(p) 3 Height 1 10.00 . 10 10

 

“a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexis

121

tent, or was unable to be calculated.

Appendix B Table 10. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and decay“.

Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

Unit Decay Diameter/ N Mean Var

 

No. Height
1 3 Diameter 1 1 4.64 2.25 1.50 0.45 4 9
1 3 Height 1 1 23.82 187.56 13.70 4.13 9 52
1 N/A Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
1 N/A Height 1 51 .00 . . . 51 51
2 1 Diameter 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
2 1 Height 3 23 .33 8.33 2.89 1 .67 20 25
2 2 Diameter 1 9.00 9 9
2 2 Height 1 20.00 . . . 20 20
3 1 Diameter 5 6.20 3.20 1.79 0.80 5 9
3 1 Height 5 31.80 193.70 13.92 6.22 9 45
3 2 Diameter 1 5 5 5
3 2 Height 1 7 . . . 7 7
4 1 Diameter 3 5 1 l 0.58 4 6
4 1 Height 3 47 48 6.93 4 43 55
4 2 Diameter 3 5.67 1.33 1.15 0.67 5 7
4 2 Height 3 25.33 41.33 6.43 3.71 18 30
4 3 Diameter 1 7 7 7
4 3 Height 1 7 7 7
6 1 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
6 1 Height 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
6 2 Diameter 3 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
6 2 Height 3 23.00 133.00 11.53 6.66 10 32
7 1 Diameter 8 5.13 1.84 1.36 0.48 4 8
7 1 Height 8 34.88 173.27 13.16 4.65 7 48
7 2 Diameter 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5 7
7 2 Height 2 15.00 18.00 4.24 3.00 12 18
7 3 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
7 3 Height 1 10.00 . . . 10 10
8 1 Diameter 3 4.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
8 1 Height 3 29.67 2.33 1.53 0.88 28 31
8 2 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
8 2 Height 1 23.00 . . . 23 23
11 1 Diameter 16 5.38 2.38 1.54 0.39 4 9
11 1 Height 16 32.06 270.33 16.44 4.1 1 3 53
13 1 Diameter 8 6.25 1.64 1.28 0.45 4 8
13 1 Height 8 26.63 151.70 12.32 4.35 7 36
13 2 Diameter 4 4.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 4 5
13 2 Height 4 34.75 24.25 4.92 2.46 31 42
16 1 Diameter 7 6.29 4.24 2.06 0.78 4 9
16 1 Height 7 39.43 337.95 18.38 6.95 20 70

 

122

Appendix B Table 10 (Cont).

 

 

Unit Decay Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
No. Height

16 2 mmeter 5 6.00 11.50 3.39 1.52 4 12
16 2 Height 5 32.00 278.00 16.67 7.46 6 52
17 2 Diameter 3 13.00 13.00 3.61 2.08 10 17
17 2 Height 3 17.33 12.33 3.51 2.03 14 21
17 3 Diameter 2 17.00 98.00 9.90 7.00 10 24
17 3 Height 2 14.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 12 17
18 2 Diameter 1 6.00 6 6

18 2 Height 1 28.00 28 28
18 3 Diameter 1 6.00 6 6

18 3 Height 1 19.00 19 19
18 5 Diameter 1 15.00 15 15
18 5 Height 1 32.00 . . . 32 32
18 N/A Diameter 2 19.50 1 12.50 10.61 7.50 12 27
18 N/A Height 2 36.00 1250.00 35.36 25.00 1 1 61
19 1 Diameter 5 12.00 36.50 6.04 2.70 4 17
19 1 Height 5 31.20 171.20 13.08 5.85 9 41
19 2 Diameter 5 5.80 1.70 1.30 0.58 5 8

19 2 Height 5 21.20 317.70 17.82 7.97 6 50
20 1 Diameter 6 l 1.00 18.40 4.29 1 .75 4 15
20 1 Height 6 38.00 197.60 14.06 5.74 20 63
20 2 Diameter 2 8.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 6 1 1
20 2 Height 2 18.00 50.00 7.07 5.00 13 23
20 3 Diameter 1 9.00 9 9

20 3 Height 1 11.00 . . . 11 11
21 1 Diameter 14 5.14 1.52 1.23 0.33 4 7

21 1 Height 14 27.71 87.30 9.34 2.50 7 40
21 2 Diameter 7 5.86 2.81 1.68 0.63 4 9

21 2 Height 7 17.71 148.24 12.18 4.60 6 35
22 1 Diameter 8 7.50 6.57 2.56 0.91 4 l 1
22 1 Height 8 28.75 472.79 21.74 7.69 8 69
22 2 Diameter 1 1 5.45 0.87 0.93 0.28 4 7

22 2 Height 11 19.18 146.76 12.1 1 3.65 6 50
22 3 Diameter 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6

22 3 Height 2 8.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10
23 1 Diameter 7 7.86 10.14 3.18 1.20 5 13
23 1 Height 7 23.57 461.95 21.49 8.12 7 60
23 2 Diameter 4 13.00 38.00 6.16 3.08 4 18
23 2 Height 4 28.75 21.58 4.65 2.32 23 33
24 1 Diameter 7 6.43 4.95 2.23 0.84 4 10
24 1 Height 7 51.43 152.29 12.34 4.66 33 65
24 2 Diameter 3 5.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 4 8

24 2 Height 3 24.00 387.00 19.67 1 1.36 6 45
28 1 Diameter 3 5.67 4.33 2.08 1 .20 4 8

 

123

Appendix B Table 10 (Cont).

 

Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

 

Unit Decay Diameter/ N Mean

No. Height

28 1 Height 3 20.00 181.00 13.45 T77
30 1 Diameter 5 5.20 1.70 1.30 0.58
30 1 Height 5 35.20. 45.70 6.76 3.02
30 2 Diameter 1 5.00

30 2 Height 1 20.00

30 4 Diameter 1 4.00

30 4 Height 1 21.00 . . .
31 1 Diameter 2 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
31 1 Height 2 37.50 112.50 10.61 7.50
34 1 Diameter 9 5.33 2.00 1 .41 0.47
34 1 Height 9 42.56 204.03 14.28 4.76
34 2 Diameter 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00
34 2 Height 2 33.50 612.50 24.75 17.50
34 3 Diameter 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50
34 3 Height 2 25.50 60.50 7.78 5.50
38 1 Diameter 4 5.25 1.58 1.26 0.63
38 1 Height 4 46.75 2.25 1.50 0.75
38 4 Diameter 1 1 1.00

38 4 Height 1 24.00 . . .
40 1 Diameter 15 5.07 1.50 1.22 0.32
40 1 Height 15 41.80 281.03 16.76 4.33
40 2 Diameter 5 4.40 0.30 0.55 0.24
40 2 Height 5 17.00 141.00 11.87 5.31
45' 1 Diameter 10 5.70 2.01 1.42 0.45
45 1 Height 10 23.90 84.54 9.19 2.91
45 2 Diameter 1 7.00

45 2 Height 1 13.00 . . .
45 3 Diameter 3 6.33 2.33 1.53 0.88
45 3 Height 3 12.00 31.00 5.57 3.21
46 1 Diameter 1 5.00

46 1 Height 1 18.00 . . .
46 2 Diameter 5 7.00 4.00 2.00 0.89
46 2 Height 5 13.20 19.20 4.38 1.96
46 3 Diameter 1 5.00

46 3 Height 1 8.00

46 5 Diameter 1 11.00

46 5 Height 1 26.00 . . .
47 1 Diameter 7 6.29 4.57 2.14 0.81
47 1 Height 7 20.57 123.29 11.10 4.20
47 2 Diameter 1 7.00

47 2 Height 1 10.00 . . .
48 1 Diameter 6 5.00 0.40 0.63 0.26
48 1 Height 6 24.00 78.80 8.88 3.62

9
4
24
5
20
4
21
6
30
4
15
4
16
4
20
4
46

pa
fl

”453%\IAXZOOMfl-hgmctmaxle-hG-bahg

35
7
42
5
20
4
21
6
45
8
56
6
51
7
31
7
49
11
24
8
70
5
36
9
35
7
l3
8
17
5
18
9
l9
5
8
11
26
9
38
7
10
6
33

 

124

Appendix B Table 10 (Cont).
Unit Decay Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

No. jeight
48 2 Diameter 2 6.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 4 8
8 15

48 2 HeLght 2 11.50 24.50 4.95 3.50
“a’dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

125

Appendix B Table 11. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU, species, and decay“.

 

 

“BTU Diameter/ Species Decay N Mean Var Std Std Min Max
Height Dev Err
W) Diameter ABBA 1 3 6.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 5 8
ED(p) Diameter ABBA 2 1 4.00 . . 4 4
ED(p) Height ABBA 1 3 27.33 320.33 17.90 10.33 17 48
ED(p) Height ABBA 2 1 23.00 . . . 23 23
ED(p) Diameter BEPA 2 3 16.00 3 .00 1 .73 1 .00 15 18
ED(p) Height BEPA 2 3 30.67 10.33 3.21 1.86 27 33
ED(p) Diameter POTR1 1 4 9.25 12.25 3.50 1.75 5 13
ED(p) Height POTR1 1 4 20.75 685.58 26.18 13.09 7 60
EM(p) Diameter ABBA l 8 6.38 4.27 2.07 0.73 4 10
EM(p) Diameter ABBA 2 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
EM(p) Height ABBA 1 8 46.25 184.79 13.59 4.81 27 65
EM(p) Height ABBA 2 2 16.00 200.00 14.14 10.00 6 26
EM(p) Diameter BEPA 2 1 4.00 4 4
EM(p) Height BEPA 2 1 21.00 21 21
EM(p) Diameter POBA 2 l 6.00 6 6
EM(p) Height POBA 2 1 22.00 . . . 22 22
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 1 15 6.67 5.38 2.32 0.60 4 1 1
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 2 14 5.71 1.14 1.07 0.29 4 8
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 3 3 6.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 5 7
EM(p) Height POTR1 1 15 34.67 390.81 19.77 5.10 8 69
EM(p) Height POTR1 2 14 20.79 183.72 13.55 3.62 6 50
EM(p) Height POTR1 3 3 7.67 4.33 2.08 1 .20 6 10
EW(m) Diameter ABBA 2 2 6.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 5 8
EW(m) Diameter ABBA 3 1 9.00 . . . 9 9
EW(m) Height ABBA 2 2 32.50 612.50 24.75 17.50 15 50
EW(m) Height ABBA 3 1 11.00 . . . 11 11
EW(m) Diameter FRNI l 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 4 7
EW(m) Diameter FRNI 2 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
EW(m) Height FRNI 1 2 29.50 180.50 13.44 9.50 20 39
EW(m) Height FRNI 2 1 26.00 26 26
EW(m) Diameter PIMA 1 1 4.00 4 4
EW(m) Diameter PIMA 2 1 6.00 6 6
EW(m) Height PIMA 1 1 30.00 30 30
EW(m) Height PIMA 2 1 6.00 . . . 6 6
EW(m) Diameter POBA 1 7 13.57 9.62 3.10 1.17 8 17

 

126

Appendix B Table 11 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Decay N Mean Var Std Std Min Max
fiH_eight Dev Err
EW(m) Diameter POBA 2 2 8.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 6 11
EW(m) Height POBA 1 7 36.29 247.57 15.73 5.95 9 63
EW(m) Height POBA 2 2 18.00 50.00 7.07 5.00 13 23
EW(m) Diameter POTR1 1 1 16.00 16 16
EW(m) Diameter POTR1 2 1 5.00 5 5
EW(m) Height POTR1 1 1 41.00 41 41
EW(m) Height POTR1 2 1 9.00 . . . 9 9
LM(m) Diameter BEPA 1 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
LM(m) Diameter BEPA 2 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LM(m) Height BEPA l 2 31.00 512.00 22.63 16.00 15 47
LM(m) Height BEPA 2 1 8.00 . . . 8 8
LM(m) Diameter FRNI 2 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
LM(m) Height FRNI 2 2 33.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33 33
LM(m) Diameter POBA 1 8 5.00 0.86 0.93 0.33 4 6
LM(m) Height POBA 1 8 30.75 345.64 18.59 6.57 7 52
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 1 21 5.71 2.11 1.45 0.32 4 8
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 2 7 4.71 0.57 0.76 0.29 4 6
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 3 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 4 7
LM(m) Height POTR1 1 21 42.00 212.80 14.59 3.18 15 70
LM(m) Height POTR1 2 7 26.57 270.62 16.45 6.22 6 51
LM(m) Height POTR1 3 2 25.50 60.50 7.78 5.50 20 31
LM(m) Diameter QUPR 2 1 4.00 4 4
LM(m) Height QUPR 2 1 31 .00 31 31
LM(m) Diameter UNK 1 l 6.00 6 6
LM(m) Height UNK 1 1 33.00 . . . 33 33
LW(m) Diameter FRNI 2 3 13.00 13.00 3.61 2.08 10 17
LW(m) Diameter FRNI 3 2 8.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10
LW(m) Diameter FRNI 5 1 15.00 15 15
LW(m) Diameter FRNI UNK 1 12.00 . . . 12 12
LW(m) Height FRNI 2 3 17.33 12.33 3.51 2.03 14 21
LW(m) Height FRNI 3 2 18.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 17 19
LW(m) Height FRNI 5 1 32.00 32 32
LW(m) Height FRNI UNK l 11.00 11 11
LW(m) Diameter POTR1 2 1 6.00 6 6
LW(m) Height POTR1 2 1 28.00 28 28
LW(m) Diameter TIAM UNK 1 27.00 27 27

 

127

Appendix B Table 11 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Decay N Mean Var Std Std Min Max
Height Dev Err
fiat/(m) Height TIAM UNK 1 61.00 61 61
LW(m) Diameter ULRU 3 l 24.00 24 24
LW(m) Height ULRU 3 l 12.00 . . . 12 12
LW(p) Diameter LALA l 4 4.50 0.33 0.58 0.29 4 5
LW(p) Diameter LALA 2 4 4.25 0.25 0.50 0.25 4 5
LW(p) Height LALA l 4 24.00 130.00 11.40 5.70 7 31
LW(p) Height LALA 2 4 23.00 88.67 9.42 4.71 10 32
LW(pm) Diameter ABBA 1 12 5.50 1.91 1.38 0.40 4 9
LW(pm) Diameter ABBA 2 4 6.50 3.67 1.91 0.96 4 8
LW(pm) Height ABBA 1 12 21.08 130.81 11.44 3.30 6 35
LW(pm) Height ABBA 2 4 15.50 6.33 2.52 1.26 13 19
LW(pm) Diameter BEPA 1 4 6.50 3.00 1.73 0.87 5 9
LW(pm) Diameter BEPA 2 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
LW(pm) Height BEPA 1 4 19.75 22.25 4.72 2.36 13 23
LW(pm) Height BEPA 2 1 13.00 . . . 13 13
LW(pm) Diameter LALA 3 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
LW(pm) Diameter LALA 5 1 11.00 . . . ll 11
LW(pm) Height LALA 3 2 15.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 13 17
LW(pm) Height LALA 5 1 26.00 26 26
LW(pm) Diameter PIMA 2 l 8.00 8 8
LW(pm) Height PIMA 2 1 8.00 8 8
LW(pm) Diameter POBA 1 1 4.00 4 4
LW(pm) Height POBA 1 1 26.00 26 26
LW(pm) Diameter POTR1 3 l 8.00 8 8
LW(pm) Height POTR1 3 1 6.00 . . . 6 6
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 1 7 5.71 2.90 1.70 0.64 4 9
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 2 3 6.67 6.33 2.52 1.45 4 9
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 3 l 5.00 . . . 5 5
LW(pm) Height THOC l 7 26.71 46.24 6.80 2.57 19 38
LW(pm) Height THOC 2 3 9.67 6.33 2.52 1.45 7 12
LW(pm) Height THOC 3 l 8.00 . . . 8 8
LW(vp) Diameter PIMA l 10 5.50 1.83 1.35 0.43 4 8
LW(vp) Diameter PIMA 2 1 5.00 5 5
LW(vp) Diameter PIMA 4 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(vp) Height PIMA 1 10 31.10 132.54 11.51 3.64 9 45
LW(vp) Height PIMA 2 1 20.00 20 20
LW(vp) Height PIMA 4 1 21 .00 21 21

 

128

Appendix B Table 11 (Cont).

 

ELU

MM(m)

MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
Won)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(P)
MM(P)
MM(P)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(P)
MM(P)
MM(P)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(P)

 

Diameter/ Species Decay N Mean Var Std Std Min Max
Height Dev Err

Diameter ABBA 1 1 7.00 7 7
Height ABBA 1 1 46.00 46
Diameter ACRU1 4 l 1 1.00 1 l 1 1
Height ACRU1 4 1 24.00 24 24
Diameter BEPA 1 1 4.00 4 4
Diameter BEPA 2 1 4.00 4 4
Height BEPA 1 1 27.00 27 27
Height BEPA 2 1 32.00 . . . 32 32
Diameter POBA 1 7 4.71 3.57 1.89 0.71 4 9
Height POBA l 7 26.29 308.90 17.58 6.64 3 46
Diameter POTR1 1 18 5.94 2.17 1.47 0.35 4 9
Diameter POTR1 2 4 6.50 13.67 3.70 1.85 4 12
Height POTR1 l 18 39.94 229.82 15.16 3.57 6 70
Height POTR1 2 4 32.00 370.67 19.25 9.63 6 52
Diameter ABBA 1 10 5.10 1.43 1.20 0.38 4 7
Diameter ABBA 2 3 6.00 7 .00 2.65 1.53 4 9
Height ABBA 1 10 31.80 28.62 5.35 1.69 24 40
Height ABBA 2 3 l 1.67 96.33 9.81 5.67 6 23
Diameter BEPA 2 2 6.00 2.00 l .41 1 .00 5 7
Height BEPA 2 2 32.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 30 35
Diameter PIMA 1 1 4.00 4 4
Height PIMA 1 l 30.00 . . . 30 30
Diameter POTR1 1 3 5.67 2.33 1.53 0.88 4 7
Diameter POTR1 2 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
Height POTR1 1 3 13.33 42.33 6.51 3.76 7 20
Height POTR1 2 2 12.00 72.00 8.49 6.00 6 18
Diameter BEPA 2 1 9.00 9 9
Height BEPA 2 1 20.00 . . . 20 20
Diameter POBA 1 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
Height POBA 1 2 22.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 20 25
Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
Diameter POTR1 3 1 1 4.64 2.25 1.50 0.45 4 9
Diameter POTR1 UNK 1 5.00 5 5
Height POTR1 1 1 25.00 . . . 25 25
Height POTR1 3 11 23.82 187.56 13.70 4.13 9 52
Height POTR1 UNK 1 51.00 . . . 51 51
Diameter LALA 1 4 5.00 0.67 0.82 0.41 4 6

 

129

Appendix B Table 11 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Decay N Mean Var Std Std Min Max
Height Dev Err _
MW(p) Diameter LALA 2 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5
MW (p) Diameter LALA 3 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
MW(p) Height LALA 1 4 38.25 106.92 10.34 5.17 27 48
MW(p) Height LALA 2 2 15.00 18.00 4.24 3.00 12 18
MW(p) Height LALA 3 1 10.00 . . . 10 10
MW(p) Diameter PIMA 1 4 5.25 3.58 1 .89 0.95 4 8
MW(p) Height PIMA 1 4 31.50 267.00 16.34 8.17 7 40

 

‘adot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

130

Appendix B Table 12. Snag diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard

deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number, decay and

 

 

species'.
Unit no. Decay Species Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Height Err

1 UNK POTR1 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
1 UNK POTR1 Height 1 51.00 . . . 51 51
1 3 POTR1 Diameter 11 4.64 2.25 1.50 0.45 4 9
1 3 POTR1 Height 11 23.82 187.56 13.70 4.13 9 52
2 1 POBA Diameter 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
2 1 POBA Height 2 22.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 20 25
2 1 POTR1 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
2 l POTR1 Height 1 25.00 25 25
2 2 BEPA Diameter 1 9.00 9 9
2 2 BEPA Height 1 20.00 . . . 20 20
3 1 POTR1 Diameter 5 6.20 3.20 1.79 0.80 5 9
3 1 POTR1 Height 5 31.80 193.70 13.92 6.22 9 45
3 2 POTR1 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
3 2 POTR1 Height 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
4 1 POTR1 Diameter 3 5.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 4 6
4 1 POTR1 Height 3 47.00 48.00 6.93 4.00 43 55
4 2 POTR1 Diameter 3 5.67 1.33 1.15 0.67 5 7
4 2 POTR1 Height 3 25.33 41.33 6.43 3.71 18 30
4 3 POTR1 Diameter 1 7.00 7 7
4 3 POTR1 Height 1 7.00 7 7
6 1 LALA Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
6 1 LALA Height 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
6 2 LALA Diameter 3 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
6 2 LALA Height 3 23.00 133.00 11.53 6.66 10 32
7 1 LALA Diameter 4 5.00 0.67 0.82 0.41 4 6
7 1 LALA Height 4 38.25 106.92 10.34 5.17 27 48
7 1 PIMA Diameter 4 5.25 3.58 1.89 0.95 4 8
7 1 PIMA Height 4 31.50 267.00 16.34 8.17 7 40
7 2 LALA Diameter 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5 7
7 2 LALA Height 2 15.00 18.00 4.24 3.00 12 18
7 3 LALA Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
7 3 LALA Height 1 10.00 . . . 10 10
8 1 LALA Diameter 3 4.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
8 1 LALA Height 3 29.67 2.33 1.53 0.88 28 31

 

131

Appendix B Table 12 (Cont).

 

Unit no. Decay Species

 

 

8

8

11
ll
11
11
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
l7
l7
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18

wwwwNNMMNNNN—b—NNNNNNt—v—v—v—t—t—v-Iv—Ht—NN

LALA
LALA
POBA
POBA
POTR1
POTR1
POBA
POBA
POTR1
POTR1

FRNI
FRNI
POTR1
POTR1
QUPR
QUPR
BEPA
BEPA
BEPA
BEPA
POTR1
POTR1
POTR1
POTR1
FRNI
F RNl
FRNI
FRN I
ULRU
ULRU
FRNI
FRNI
TIAM

POTR1

Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Eight Err

Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
Height 1 23.00 . . . 23 23
Diameter 7 4.71 3.57 1.89 0.71 4 9
Height 7 26.29 308.90 17.58 6.64 3 46
Diameter 9 5.89 1.1 1 1.05 0.35 5 8
Height 9 36.56 223.28 14.94 4.98 6 53
Diameter 2 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
Height 2 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 7
Diameter 5 6.40 2.80 1 .67 0.75 4 8
Height 5 33.20 8.70 2.95 1.32 30 36
Diameter 1 6.00 6 6
Height 1 33.00 . . . 33 33
Diameter 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
Height 2 33.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33 33
Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
Height 1 42.00 42 42
Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
Height 1 31.00 31 31
Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
Height 1 27.00 27 27
Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
Height 1 32.00 . . . 32 32
Diameter 4 6.50 13.67 3.70 1.85 4 12
Height 4 32.00 370.67 19.25 9.63 6 52
Diameter 6 6.67 3.87 1.97 0.80 4 9
Height 6 41.50 369.50 19.22 7.85 20 70
Diameter 3 13.00 13.00 3.61 2.08 10 17
Height 3 17.33 12.33 3.51 2.03 14 21
Diameter 1 10.00 10 10
Height 1 17.00 17 17
Diameter 1 24.00 24 24
Height 1 12.00 12 12
Diameter 1 12.00 12 12
Height 1 11.00 11 11
Diameter 1 27.00 27 27
Height 1 61.00 61 61
Diameter 1 6.00 6 6

 

132

Appendix B Table 12 (Cont).

 

Unit no. Decay Species

 

 

18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
l9
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21

2
3
3
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
l
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
l
1
1
1
2
2

Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
__ Height Err
POTR1 Height 1 28.00 28 28
FRNI Diameter 1 6.00 6 6
FRNI Height 1 19.00 l9 l9
FRNI Diameter 1 15.00 15 15
FRNI Height 1 32.00 32 32
F RNI Diameter 1 7.00 7 7
FRNI Height 1 39.00 39 39
PIMA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
PIMA Height 1 30.00 . . . 30 30
POBA Diameter 2 16.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 16 17
POBA Height 2 23.00 392.00 19.80 14.00 9 37
POTR1 Diameter 1 16.00 16 16
POTRl Height 1 41.00 . . . 41 41
ABBA Diameter 2 6.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 5 8
ABBA Height 2 32.50 612.50 24.75 17.50 15 50
FRNI Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
FRNI Height 1 26.00 26 26
PIMA Diameter 1 6.00 6 6
PIMA Height 1 6.00 6 6
POTR1 Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
POTR1 Height 1 9.00 9 9
FRNI Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
FRNI Height 1 20.00 . . . 20 20
POBA Diameter 5 12.40 8.30 2.88 1.29 8 15
POBA Height 5 41.60 149.80 12.24 5.47 33 63
POBA Diameter 2 8.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 6 11
POBA Height 2 18.00 50.00 7.07 5.00 13 23
ABBA Diameter 1 9.00 9 9
ABBA Height 1 11.00 . . . 11 11
ABBA Diameter 10 5.10 1.43 1.20 0.38 4 7
ABBA Height 10 31.80 28.62 5.35 1.69 24 40
PIMA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
PIMA Height 1 30.00 . . . 30 30
POTR1 Diameter 3 5.67 2.33 1.53 0.88 4 7
POTR1 Height 3 13.33 42.33 6.51 3.76 7 20
ABBA Diameter 3 6.00 7.00 2.65 1.53 4 9
ABBA Height 3 11.67 96.33 9.81 5.67 6 23

 

133

Appendix B Table 12 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Decay Species Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
4 Height Err _
21 2 BEPA Diameter 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5 7
21 2 BEPA Height 2 32.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 30 35
21 2 POTR1 Diameter 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
21 2 POTR1 Height 2 12.00 72.00 8.49 6.00 6 18
22 1 ABBA Diameter 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
22 1 ABBA Height 2 35.00 128.00 11.31 8.00 27 43
22 1 POTR1 Diameter 6 8.33 5.47 2.34 0.95 5 11
22 1 POTR1 Height 6 26.67 615.47 24.81 10.13 8 69
22 2 ABBA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
22 2 ABBA Height 1 26.00 26 26
22 2 POBA Diameter 1 6.00 6 6
22 2 POBA Height 1 22.00 . . . 22 22
22 2 POTR1 Diameter 9 5.56 0.78 0.88 0.29 4 7
22 2 POTR1 Height 9 18.11 175.36 13.24 4.41 6 50
22 3 POTR1 Diameter 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
22 3 POTR1 Height 2 8.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10
23 1 ABBA Diameter 3 6.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 5 8
23 1 ABBA Height 3 27.33 320.33 17.90 10.33 17 48
23 l POTR1 Diameter 4 9.25 12.25 3.50 1.75 5 13
23 1 POTR1 Height 4 20.75 685.58 26.18 13.09 7 60
23 2 ABBA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
23 2 ABBA Height 1 23.00 . . . 23 23
23 2 BEPA Diameter 3 16.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 15 18
23 2 BEPA Height 3 30.67 10.33 3.21 1.86 27 33
24 1 ABBA Diameter 6 6.83 4.57 2.14 0.87 4 10
24 1 ABBA Height 6 50.00 165.60 12.87 5.25 33 65
24 1 POTR1 Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
24 1 POTR1 Height 1 60.00 60 60
24 2 ABBA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
24 2 ABBA Height 1 6.00 6 6
24 2 POTR1 Diameter 1 8.00 8 8
24 2 POTR1 Height 1 45.00 45 45
24 4 BEPA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
24 4 BEPA Height 1 21.00 . . . 21 21
28 1 PIMA Diameter 3 5.67 4.33 2.08 1.20 4 8
28 1 PIMA Height 3 20.00 181.00 13.45 7.77 9 35
30 l PIMA Diameter 5 5.20 1.70 1.30 0.58 4 7

 

134

Appendix B Table 12 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Decay Species Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
# Height k Err
30 1 PIMA Height 5 35.20 45.70 6.76 3.02 24 42
3O 2 PIMA Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
30 2 PIMA Height 1 20.00 20 20
30 4 PIMA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
30 4 PIMA Height 1 21.00 . . . 21 21
31 1 PIMA Diameter 2 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
31 1 PIMA Height 2 37.50 112.50 10.61 7.50 30 45
34 l POTR1 Diameter 9 5.33 2.00 1.41 0.47 4 8
34 1 POTR1 Height 9 42.56 204.03 14.28 4.76 15 56
34 2 POTR1 Diameter 2 5.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
34 2 POTR1 Height 2 33.50 612.50 24.75 17.50 16 51
34 3 POTR1 Diameter 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 4 7
34 3 POTR1 Height 2 25.50 60.50 7.78 5.50 20 31
38 1 ABBA Diameter 1 7.00 7 7
38 1 ABBA Height 1 46.00 . . . 46 46
38 l POTR1 Diameter 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
38 1 POTR1 Height 3 47.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 46 49
38 4 ACRU1 Diameter 1 11.00 11 11
38 4 ACRU1 Height 1 24.00 . . . 24 24
40 1 BEPA Diameter 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
40 1 BEPA Height 2 31.00 512.00 22.63 16.00 15 47
40 1 POBA Diameter 6 4.67 0.67 0.82 0.33 4 6
40 1 POBA Height 6 38.67 183.07 13.53 5.52 16 52
40 1 POTR1 Diameter 7 5.71 1.90 1.38 0.52 4 8
40 1 POTR1 Height 7 47.57 330.29 18.17 6.87 16 70
40 2 BEPA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
40 2 BEPA Height 1 8.00 . . . 8 8
40 2 POTR1 Diameter 4 4.50 0.33 0.58 0.29 4 5
40 2 POTR1 Height 4 19.25 154.25 12.42 6.21 6 36
45 1 ABBA Diameter 3 5.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 4 6
45 1 ABBA Height 3 25.33 280.33 16.74 9.67 6 35
45 1 BEPA Diameter 4 6.50 3.00 1.73 0.87 5 9
45 1 BEPA Height 4 19.75 22.25 4.72 2.36 13 23
45 1 POBA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
45 1 POBA Height 1 26.00 . . . 26 26
45 1 THOC Diameter 2 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
45 1 THOC Height 2 29.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 28 30

 

135

Appendix B Table 12 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Decay Species Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Min Max
Height Err
45 2 BEPA Diameter 1 7.00 7 7—
45 2 BEPA Height 1 13.00 . . . 13 13
45 3 LALA Diameter 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
45 3 LALA Height 2 15.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 13 17
45 3 POTR1 Diameter 1 8.00 8 8
45 3 POTR1 Height 1 6.00 6 6
46 1 ABBA Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
46 1 ABBA Height 1 18.00 . . . 18 18
46 2 ABBA Diameter 3 7.33 1.33 1.15 0.67 6 8
46 2 ABBA Height 3 15.67 9.33 3.06 1.76 13 19
46 2 THOC Diameter 2 6.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 4 9
46 2 THOC Height 2 9.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 7 12
46 3 THOC Diameter 1 5.00 5 5
46 3 THOC Height 1 8.00 8 8
46 5 LALA Diameter 1 11.00 11 11
46 5 LALA Height 1 26.00 . . . 26 26
47 1 ABBA Diameter 2 8.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 7 9
47 1 ABBA Height 2 7.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 7 8
47 1 THOC Diameter 5 5.60 4.30 2.07 0.93 4 9
47 1 THOC Height 5 25.80 65.20 8.07 3.61 19 38
47 2 THOC Diameter 1 7.00 7 7
47 2 THOC Height 1 10.00 . . . 10 10
48 1 ABBA Diameter 6 5.00 0.40 0.63 0.26 4 6
48 1 ABBA Height 6 24.00 78.80 8.88 3.62 8 33
48 2 ABBA Diameter 1 4.00 4 4
48 2 ABBA Height 1 15.00 15 15
48 2 PIMA Diameter 1 8.00 8 8
48 2 PIMA Height 1 8.00 8 8

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

136

Appendix B Table 13. Snag stem density (stems/plot) by ELU and decay“.

 

 

ELU Decay Stem density
ED(p) 1 “771571
ED(p) 2 13
EM(p) 1 6.5652
EM(p) 2 5.4444
EM(p) 3 6
EW(m) 1 1 1.4545
EW(m) 2 6.5714
EW(m) 3 9
LM(m) 1 5.43 75
LM(m) 2 4.6364
LM(m) 3 5.5
LW(m) 2 1 1.25
LW(m) 3 13.3333
LW(m) 5 15
LW(m) . 19.5
LW(p) l 4.5
LW(p) 2 4.25
LW(pm) 1 5.6667
LW(pm) 2 6.7778
LW(pm) 3 6
LW(pm) 5 1 1
LW(vp) 1 5.5
LW(vp) 2 5
LW(vp) 4 4
MM(m) 1 5.5926
MM(m) 2 6
MM(m) 4 1 1
MM(p) 1 5.1429
MM(p) 2 5.8571
MW(m) 1 4.6667
MW(m) 2 9
MW(m) 3 4.6364
MW(m) . 5
MW(p) 1 5.125
MW(p) 2 6
MW(p) 3 5

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

137

Appendix B Table 14. Snags stem density (stems/plot) by ELU, decay and species“.

 

 

ELU Decay Species Stem density ELU Decay Species Stem density
‘E—DYp) 1 ABBA 6 LW(m) 3 ULRU 24
ED(p) 1 POTR1 9.25 LW(m) 5 FRNI 15
ED(p) 2 ABBA 4 LW(m) F RNI 12
ED(p) 2 BEPA 16 LW(m) . TIAM 27
EM(p) 1 ABBA 6.375 LW(p) l LALA 4.5
EM(p) 1 POTR1 6.6667 LW(p) 2 LALA 4.25
EM(p) 2 ABBA 4 LW(pm) 1 ABBA 5.5
EM(p) 2 BEPA 4 LW(pm) 1 BEPA 6.5
EM(p) 2 POBA 6 LW(pm) 1 POBA 4
EM(p) 2 POTR1 5.7143 LW(pm) 1 THOC 5.7143
EM(p) 3 POTR1 6 LW(pm) 2 ABBA 6.5
EW(m) 1 FRNI 5.5 LW(pm) 2 BEPA 7
EW(m) 1 PIMA 4 LW(pm) 2 PIMA 8
EW(m) 1 POBA 13.5714 LW(pm) 2 THOC 6.6667
EW(m) 1 POTR1 16 LW(pm) 3 LALA 5.5
EW(m) 2 ABBA 6.5 LW(pm) 3 POTR1 8
EW(m) 2 FRNI 5 LW(pm) 3 THOC

EW(m) 2 PIMA 6 LW(pm) 5 LALA 1 1
EW(m) 2 POBA 8.5 LW(vp) 1 PIMA 5.5
EW(m) 2 POTR1 5 LW(vp) 2 PIMA 5
EW(m) 3 ABBA 9 LW(vp) 4 PIMA 4
LM(m) 1 BEPA 4 MM(m) 1 ABBA 7
LM(m) 1 POBA 5 MM(m) 1 BEPA 4
LM(m) l POTR1 5.7143 MM(m) 1 POBA 4.7143
LM(m) 1 UNK 6 MM(m) l POTR1 5.9444
LM(m) 2 BEPA 4 MM(m) 2 BEPA 4
LM(m) 2 FRNI 5 MM(m) 2 POTR1 6.5
LM(m) 2 POTR1 4.7143 MM(m) 4 ACRU1 1 1
LM(m) 2 QUPR 4 MM(p) 1 ABBA 5.1
LM(m) 3 POTR1 5.5 MM(p) 1 PIMA 4
LW(m) 2 FRNI 13 MM(p) 1 POTR1 5.6667
LW(m) 2 POTR1 6 MM(p) 2 ABBA 6
LW(m) 3 FRNI 8 MM(p) 2 BEPA 6

 

138

Appendix B Table 14 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Decay Species Stem density
MM(p) 2 POTR1 5.5
MW(m) 1 POBA 4.5
MW(m) 1 POTR1 5
MW(m) 2 BEPA 9
MW(m) 3 POTR1 4.6364
MW (m) POTR1 5
MW(p) l LALA 5
MW(p) 1 PIMA 5.25
MW(p) 2 LALA 6
MW(p) 3 LALA 5

 

'5 dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

139

Appendix B Table 15. Snag stem density (stems/plot) by unit number and decay“.

 

 

Unit no. Decay Stem density Unit no. Decay Stem density
1 . 0.33333 21 1 4.66667_’
1 3 3.66667 21 2 2.33333
2 1 1 22 1 2.66667
2 2 0.33333 22 2 3.66667
3 1 1.66667 22 3 0.66667
3 2 0.33333 23 1 2.33333
4 1 1 23 2 1.33333
4 2 1 24 1 2.33333
4 3 0.33333 24 2 1
5 . . 28 1 1
6 1 0.33333 30 1 1.66667
6 2 1 30 2 0.33333
7 1 2.66667 30 4 0.33333
7 2 0.66667 31 1 0.66667
7 3 0.33333 32 . .

8 1 1 34 1 3

8 2 0.33333 34 2 0.66667
9 . . 34 3 0.66667
11 1 5.33333 38 1 1.33333
13 1 2.66667 38 4 0.33333
13 2 1.33333 39 . .

16 1 2.33333 40 1 5

16 2 1.66667 40 2 1.66667
17 2 1 45 1 3.33333
17 3 0.66667 45 2 0.33333
18 . 0.66667 45 3 1

18 2 0.33333 46 1 0.33333
18 3 0.33333 46 2 1.66667
18 5 0.33333 46 3 0.33333
19 1 1.66667 46 5 0.33333
19 2 1.66667 47 1 2.33333
20 1 2 47 2 0.33333
20 2 0.66667 48 1 2

20 3 0.33333 48 2 0.66667

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

140

Appendix B Table 16. Snag stem density by unit number, decay, and species“.

 

Unit no. Decay Species Stem density Unit no. Decay Species Stem density

 

1

\OOOOOQQQQGO‘UI-b-h-hwwNNNt-i

3

w M fl N 9" N 9" H o

Nu—anO—au—NH-

wwNNN—‘HNNNHI—‘HI—OH-

90TH?
POTR1
POBA
POTR1
BEPA
POTR1
POTR1
POTR1
POTR1
POTR1

LALA
LALA
LALA
PIMA
LALA
LALA
LALA
LALA

POBA
POTR1
POBA
POTR1

FRNI
POTR1
QUPR
BEPA
POTR1
BEPA
POTR1

FRNI

FRNI
ULRU

:Laméf

0.33333
0.66667
0.33333
0.33333
1.66667
0.33333

1

1
0.33333

0.33333
1
1.33333
1.33333
0.66667
0.33333
1
0.33333

2.33333
3
0.66667
1.66667
0.33333
0.66667
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
2
0.33333
1.33333
1
0.33333
0.33333

18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
24

2

90781
FRNI
FRNI
FRNI
TLMM
FRNI
Puma
POBA

POTR1
ABBA
FRNI
PnuA

POTR1
FRNI
POBA
POBA
ABBA
ABBA
Puma

POTR1
ABBA
BEPA

POTR1
ABBA

POTR1
ABBA
POBA

POTR1

POTR1
ABBA

POTR1
ABBA
BEPA
ABBA

POTR1

0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
0.66667
0.33333
0.66667
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
1.66667
0.66667
0.33333
3.33333
0.33333
1
1
0.66667
0.66667
0.66667
2
0.33333
0.33333
3
0.66667
1
1.33333
0.33333
1
2
0.33333

 

141

Appendix B Table 16 (Cont).

Unit no. Decay Species Stem density Unit no. Decay Species Stem density

 

24
24
24
28
30
30
30
31
32
34
34
34
38
38
38
39
40
40
40
40
40
45
45

33333333333333

2

##Nfl—‘NN

Audi—thy—n.

N—‘HMMNN—‘WWNt—I—u—au—nNNu—nu—au—o

fl

ABBA
BEPA
POTR1
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA

POTR1
POTR1
POTR1
ABBA
POTR1
ACRU 1

BEPA
POBA
POTR1
BEPA
POTR1
ABBA
BEPA
POBA
THOC
BEPA
LALA
POTR1
ABBA
ABBA
THOC
THOC
LALA
ABBA
THOC
THOC
ABBA

0.33333
0.33333
0.33333
1
1.66667
0.33333
0.33333
0.66667
3
0.66667
0.66667

0.33333

1
0.33333

0.66667
2
2.33333
0.33333
1.33333
1
1.33333
0.33333
0.66667
0.33333
0.66667
0.33333
0.33333
1
0.66667
0.33333
0.33333
0.66667
1.66667
0.33333
2

48
48

2
2

ABBA
PIMA

0.33333
0.33333

 

'5 dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

142

Appendix B Table 17. Snag area by ELU and decay‘.

 

 

ELU Decay Area ELU Decay Area
B‘mp) 1 129.067 MM(m) 1 16.333
ED(p) 2 206.821 MM(m) 2 4.034
EM(p) 1 17.95 MM(m) 4 2.16
EM(p) 2 9.098 MM(p) 1 102.102
EM(p) 3 1.8 MM(p) 2 67.282
EW(m) 1 110.218 MW(m) 1 4.32
EW(m) 2 21.729 MW(m) 2 5.301
EW(m) 3 5.301 MW(m) 3 16.952
LM(m) 1 14.053 MW(m) . 1.636
LM(m) 2 3.38 MW(p) 1 14.595
LM(m) 3 0.912 MW(p) 2 4.843
LW(m) 2 37.241 MW(p) 3 1.636
LW(m) 3 46.6

LW(m) 5 14.726

LW(m) . 57.138

LW(p) 1 5.367

LW(p) 2 4.778

LW(pm) 1 13.483

LW(pm) 2 7.183

LW(pm) 3 2.454

LW(pm) 5 1.98

LW(vp) 1 5.22

LW(vp) 2 0.409

LW(vp) 4 0.262

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

143

Appendix B Table 18. Snag area by ELU, decay and species“.

 

 

BLU Decay Species Area ELU Decay Species Area
ED(p) 1 ABBA 29.845 LW(m) FRNI 9.425
ED(p) 1 POTR1 99.222 LW(m) . TIAM 47.713
ED(p) 2 ABBA 4.189 LW(p) 1 LALA 5.367
ED(p) 2 BEPA 202.633 LW(p) 2 LALA 4.778
EM(p) 1 ABBA 5.809 LW(pm) 1 ABBA 6.283
EM(p) 1 POTR1 12.141 LW(pm) 1 BEPA 2.913
EM(p) 2 ABBA 0.524 LW(pm) 1 POBA 0.262
EM(p) 2 BEPA 0.262 LW(pm) 1 THOC 4.025
EM(p) 2 POBA 0.589 LW(pm) 2 ABBA 2.945
EM(p) 2 POTR1 7.7231 LW(pm) 2 BEPA 0.802
EM(p) 3 POTR1 1 .7999 LW(pm) 2 PIMA 1 .0472
EW(m) 1 FRNI 4.254 LW(pm) 2 THOC 2.3889
EW(m) 1 PIMA 1 .047 LW(pm) 3 LALA 0.9981
EW(m) 1 POBA 88. 161 LW(pm) 3 POTR1 1 .0472
EW(m) 1 POTR1 16.755 LW(pm) 3 THOC 0.4091
EW(m) 2 ABBA 5.825 LW(pm) 5 LALA 1 .9799
EW(m) 2 FRNI 1 .636 LW(vp) 1 PIMA 5.22
EW(m) 2 PIMA 2.3562 LW(vp) 2 PIMA 0.4091
EW(m) 2 POBA 10.2756 LW(vp) 4 PIMA 0.2618
EW(m) 2 POTR1 1 .6362 MM(m) 1 ABBA 0.875
EW(m) 3 ABBA 5.3014 MM(m) 1 BEPA 0.286
LM(m) 1 BEPA 0.449 MM(m) 1 POBA 3.159
LM(m) 1 POBA 2.889 MM(m) 1 POTR1 12.013
LM(m) 1 POTR1 10.21 MM(m) 2 BEPA 0.286
LM(m) l UNK 0.505 MM(m) 2 POTR1 3.7485
LM(m) 2 BEPA 0.224 MM(m) 4 ACRU1 2.1598
LM(m) 2 FRN I 0.701 MM(p) 1 ABBA 71 .471
LM(m) 2 POTR1 2.23 MM(p) 1 PIMA 4.189
LM(m) 2 QUPR 0.2244 MM(p) 1 POTR1 26.442
LM(m) 3 POTR1 0.9116 MM(p) 2 ABBA 31.94
LW(m) 2 FRNI 34.885 MM(p) 2 BEPA 19.373
LW(m) 2 POTR1 2.3 562 MM(p) 2 POTR1 1 5.9698
LW(m) 3 FRNI 8.9012 MW(m) l POBA 2.683
LW(m) 3 ULRU 37.6991 MW(m) 1 POTR1 1.636
LW(m) 5 FRNI 14.7262 MW(m) 2 BEPA 5.301

 

144

Appendix B Table 18 (Cont).
ELU Decay Species Area
MW(m) 3 POTR1 16.9515

 

 

MW(m) . POTR1 1.636
MW(p) 1 LALA 6.676
MW(p) 1 PIMA 7.919
MW(p) 2 LALA 4.843

MW(p) 3 LALA 1.6362
‘3 dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

 

145

Appendix B Table 19. Snag area by unit number and decay“.

 

 

Unit no. Decay Area Unit no. Decay Area
1 3 2.11894 21 1 3.19068
1 . 0.20453 21 2 2.10258
2 1 0.53996 22 1 4.05789
2 2 0.66268 22 2 2.74889
3 1 1.67715 22 3 0.49905
3 2 0.20453 23 1 4.03335
4 1 0.62995 23 2 6.46317
4 2 0.80994 24 1 2.60981
4 3 0.40088 24 2 0.7854
5 . . 28 1 0.85903
6 1 0.20453 30 1 1.16173
6 2 0.3927 30 2 0.20453
7 1 1.82441 30 4 0.1309
7 2 0.60541 31 1 0.58905
7 3 0.20453 32 . .
8 1 0.46633 34 1 2.22529
8 2 0.20453 34 2 0.42542
9 . . 34 3 0.53178
1 l 1 4.07425 38 1 0.94084
13 1 2.65072 38 4 0.98993
13 2 0.74449 39 . .
16 1 2.47073 40 1 3.32158
16 2 1.84896 40 2 0.80176
17 2 4.3606 45 1 2.80616
17 3 5.53051 45 2 0.40088
18 2 0.29452 45 3 1.02265
18 3 0.29452 46 1 0.20453
18 5 1.84078 46 2 2.1353
18 . 7.14221 46 3 0.20453
19 1 7.08494 46 5 0.98993
19 2 1.43172 47 1 2.48709
20 1 6.69225 47 2 0.40088
20 2 1.28445 48 1 1.24355
20 3 0.66268 48 2 0.6545

 

1|Bdot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

146

Appendix B Table 20. Snag area by unit number, decay and species'.

 

 

Unit no. Decay Species Area Unit no. Decay Species Area
1 3 POTR1 2.11894 22 1 ABBA 0.42542
1 . POTR1 0.20453 22 1 POTR1 3.63247
2 1 POBA 0.33543 22 2 ABBA 0.1309
2 1 POTR1 0.20453 22 2 POBA 0.29452
2 2 BEPA 0.66268 22 2 POTR1 2.32347
3 1 POTR1 1.67715 22 3 POTR1 0.49905
3 2 POTR1 0.20453 23 1 ABBA 0.93266
4 1 POTR1 0.62995 23 1 POTR1 3.10069
4 2 POTR1 0.80994 23 2 ABBA 0.1309
4 3 POTR1 0.40088 23 2 BEPA 6.33227
5 . . 24 1 ABBA 2.47891
6 1 LALA 0.20453 24 1 POTR1 0.1309
6 2 LALA 0.3927 24 2 ABBA 0.1309
7 1 LALA 0.83449 24 2 BEPA 0.1309
7 l PIMA 0.98993 24 2 POTR1 0.5236
7 2 LALA 0.60541 28 1 PIMA 0.85903
7 3 LALA 0.20453 30 1 PIMA 1.16173
8 1 LALA 0.46633 30 2 PIMA 0.20453
8 2 LALA 0.20453 30 4 PIMA 0.1309
9 . . 31 1 PIMA 0.58905
11 1 POBA 1.44808 32 . .
11 1 POTR1 2.62617 34 1 'POTRl 2.22529
13 1 POBA 0.58905 34 2 POTR1 0.42542
13 1 POTR1 1.76715 34 3 POTR1 0.53178
13 1 UNK 0.29452 38 1 ABBA 0.40088
13 2 FRNI 0.40906 38 1 POTR1 0.53996
13 2 POTR1 0.20453 38 4 ACRU1 0.98993
13 2 QUPR 0.1309 39 . .
16 1 BEPA 0.1309 40 1 BEPA 0.2618
16 1 POTR1 2.33983 40 1 POBA 1.09628
16 2 BEPA 0.1309 40 1 POTR1 1.9635
16 2 POTR1 1.71806 40 2 BEPA 0.1309
17 2 FRNI 4.3606 40 2 POTR1 0.67086
17 3 FRNI 0.81812 45 1 ABBA 0.62995
17 3 ULRU 4.71239 45 1 BEPA 1.45626

 

147

Appendix B Table 20 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Decay Species Area Unit no. Decay Species Area
18 2 POTR1 0.29452 45 1 POBA 0.1309
18 3 FRNI 0.29452 45 1 THOC 0.58905
18 5 FRNI 1 .84078 45 2 BEPA 0.40088
18 FRNI 1 . 1781 45 3 LALA 0.49905
18 . TIAM 5.96412 45 3 POTR1 0.5236
19 1 FRNI 0.40088 46 1 ABBA 0.20453
19 l PIMA 0.1309 46 2 ABBA 1.34172
19 1 POBA 4.45877 46 2 THOC 0.79358
19 1 POTR1 2.09439 46 3 THOC 0.20453
19 2 ABBA 0.72813 46 5 LALA 0.98993
19 2 FRNI 0.20453 47 1 ABBA 1.06356
19 2 PIMA 0.29452 47 1 THOC 1.42353
19 2 POTR1 0.20453 47 2 THOC 0.40088
20 1 FRNI 0.1309 48 1 ABBA 1.24355
20 1 POBA 6.56135 48 2 ABBA 0.1309
20 2 POBA 1.28445 48 2 PIMA 0.5236
20 3 ABBA 0.66268
21 1 ABBA 2.23348
21 1 PIMA 0. 1309
21 1 POTR1 0.8263
21 2 ABBA 0.998 1 1
21 2 BEPA 0.60541
21 2 POTR1 0.49905

 

'5 dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

148

Appendix B Table 21. Stump diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU'.

 

 

BTU D'Tam/Hgt Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
'BTXp) Diameter 1 12 12.42 13.36 3.65 1.05 8 19
ED(p) Diameter 3 1 15.00 . . 15 15
ED(p) Height 1 12 1 .42‘ 0.81 0.90 0.26 l 4
ED(p) Height 3 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
EM(p) Diameter 1 6 8.50 17.90 4.23 1.73 6 17
EM(p) Diameter 2 6 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.82 5 10
EM(p) Diameter 3 37 8.76 18.30 4.28 0.70 4 24
EM(p) Height 1 6 3.00 2.00 1.41 0.58 1 5
EM(p) Height 2 6 1.83 1.37 _ 1.17 0.48 1 4
EM(p) Height 3 37 1.30 0.49 0.70 0.12 l 4
EW(m) Diameter 1 5 7.60 8.30 2.88 1.29 4 10
EW(m) Diameter 2 12 8.75 24.57 4.96 1.43 4 21
EW(m) Diameter 3 11 11.27 19.42 4.41 1.33 5 18
EW(m) Height 1 5 2.20 1.20 1.10 0.49 1 4
EW(m) Height 2 12 1.25 0.39 0.62 0.18 1 3
EW(m) Height 3 l 1 1.55 0.87 0.93 0.28 1 4
LM(m) Diameter 1 6 5.67 0.67 0.82 0.33 5 7
LM(m) Diameter 2 17 8.41 1 1.88 3.45 0.84 4 14
LM(m) Diameter 3 43 10.47 14.73 3.84 0.59 4 21
LM(m) Height 1 6 2.33 2.67 1 .63 0.67 1 5
LM(m) Height 2 17 1.65 0.49 0.70 0.17 1 3
LM(m) Height 3 43 1.74 0.91 0.95 0.15 1 5
LW(m) Diameter 1 1 10.00 . . . 10 10
LW(m) Diameter 2 3 12.33 44.33 6.66 3.84 8 20
LW(m) Diameter 3 15 11.00 39.00 6.24 1.61 4 24
LW(m) Height 1 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(m) Height 2 3 1.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
LW(m) Height 3 15 2.20 1.46 1.21 0.31 1 4
LW(p) Diameter 1 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
LW(p) Diameter 2 9 5.33 1.25 1 . 12 0.37 4 7
LW(p) Height 1 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(p) Height 2 9 2.44 1.28 1.13 0.38 1 5
LW(pm) Diameter 1 4 9.00 3.33 1.83 0.91 7 1 1
LW(pm) Diameter 2 21 9.19 19.76 4.45 0.97 4 19
LW(pm) Diameter 3 1 10 9.28 21.76 4.67 0.44 4 35

 

149

 

Appendix B Table 21 (Cont).

 

ELU Diameter/ Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
¥ Height .
LW(pm) Height 1 4 1.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 1 3
LW(pm) Height 2 21 2.14 0.93 0.96 0.21 l 5
LW(pm) Height 3 1 10 1.67 0.57 0.76 0.07 1 5
LW(vp) Diameter 1 8 5.00 1.71 1.31 0.46 4 8
LW(vp) Diameter 2 9 5.00 2.50 1.58 0.53 4 8
LW(vp) Diameter 3 8 6.25 8.50 2.92 1.03 4 12
LW(vp) Height 1 8 1.88 0.41 0.64 , 0.23 1 3
LW(vp) Height 2 9 1.67 1.00 1.00 0.33 1 4
LW(vp) Height 3 8 1.50 2.00 1.41 0.50 1 5
MM(m) Diameter 1 10 5.40 . 2.93 1.71 0.54 4 9
MM(m) Diameter 2 14 8.57 11.65 3.41 0.91 4 15
MM(m) Diameter 3 29 10.62 27.24 5.22 0.97 4 27
MM(m) Height 1 10 4.10 72.10 8.49 2.69 1 28
MM(m) Height 2 14 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height 3 29 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(p) Diameter 1 9 6.00 4.50 2.12 0.71 4 9
MM(p) Diameter 2 6 5.00 0.40 0.63 0.26 4 6
MM(p) Diameter 3 4 5.00 2.00 1.41 0.71 4 7
MM(p) Height 1 9 2.56 2.03 1.42 0.47 1 5
MM(p) Height 2 6 2.67 1.87 1.37 0.56 1 5
MM(p) Height 3 4 2.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 1 5
MW(m) Diameter 1 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
MW(m) Diameter 3 3 9.67 26.33 5 .13 2.96 4 14
MW(m) Height 1 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
MW(m) Height 3 3 3.00 4.00 2.00 1.15 1 5
MW(p) Diameter 1 1 8.00 . . . 8 8
MW(p) Diameter 2 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
MW(p) Diameter 3 10 5.60 0.93 0.97 0.31 4 7
MW(p) Height 1 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
MW(p) Height 2 2 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
MW(p) Height 3 10 2.30 2.01 1.42 0.45 1 5

 

'3 dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

150

Appendix B Table 22. Stump diameter (in) and height (ft) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number and age class'.

Unit no. Age class Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev SEEK Min Max

 

 

Height
1 1 Diameter 1 5.0 5 5
1 1 Height 1 2.0 . . . 2 2
2 3 Diameter 3 9.7 26.33 5.13 2.96 4 14
2 3 Height 3 3.0 4.00 2.00 1 . 15 1 5
4 3 Diameter 1 18.0 18 18
4 3 Height 1 2.0 2 2
6 1 Diameter 1 5.0 5 5
6 1 Height 1 4.0 . . . 4 4
6 2 Diameter 9 5 .3 1.25 1 . 12 0.37 4 7
6 2 Height 9 2.4 1.28 1.13 0.38 1 5
7 1 Diameter 1 8.0 8 8
7 1 Height 1 2.0 . . . 2 2
7 2 Diameter 2 5.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
7 2 Height 2 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 2
7 3 Diameter 10 5.6 0.93 0.97 0.31 4 7
7 3 Height 10 2.3 2.01 1.42 0.45 1 5
9 1 Diameter 1 5.0 5 5
9 1 Height 1 1 .0 l l
9 2 Diameter 1 15.0 15 15
9 2 Height 1 l .0 . . . 1 1
9 3 Diameter 10 13.3 34.46 5.87 1.86 5 27
9 3 Height 10 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
1 1 1 Diameter 5 5.2 4.70 2.17 0.97 4 9
1 1 1 Height 5 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
1 1 2 Diameter 2 5.0 2.00 1.41 1.00 4 6
1 1 2 Height 2 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 l
11 3 Diameter 10 7.5 5.39 2.32 0.73 5 12
1 1 3 Height 10 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
13 1 Diameter 1 5.0 5 5
13 1 Height 1 3.0 3 3
l3 2 Diameter 1 9.0 9 9
13 2 Height 1 1 .0 1 1
13 3 Diameter 1 14.0 14 14
13 3 Height 1 3 .0 . . . 3 3
17 3 Diameter 4 15.5 33.00 5.74 2.87 12 24

 

151

Appendix B Table 22 (Cont).

 

Unit no. Age class Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

1 Height 1
17 3 Height 4 2.8 2.25 1.50 0.75 1 4
18 1 Diameter 1 10.0 10 10
18 1 Height 1 4.0 . . . 4 4
18 2 Diameter 3 12.3 44.33 6.66 3.84 8 20
18 2 Height 3 1.7 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
18 3 Diameter 1 1 9.4 33.65 5.80 1.75 4 24
18 3 Height 1 1 2.0 1.20 1.10 0.33 l 4
19 1 Diameter 4 7.3 10.25 3.20 1.60 4 10
19 1 Height 4 2.3 1.58 1.26 0.63 1 4
19 2 Diameter 12 8.8 24.57 4.96 1.43 4 21
19 2 Height 12 1.3 0.39 0.62 0.18 1 3
19 3 Diameter 1 1 1 1.3 19.42 4.41 1.33 5 18
19 3 Height 1 1 1.5 0.87 0.93 0.28 1 4
20 1 Diameter 1 9.0 9 9
20 1 Height 1 2.0 . . . 2 2
21 1 Diameter 9 6.0 4.50 2.12 0.71 4 9
21 1 Height 9 2.6 2.03 1.42 0.47 1 5
21 2 Diameter 6 5.0 0.40 0.63 0.26 4 6
21 2 Height 6 2.7 1.87 1.37 0.56 1 5
21 3 Diameter 4 5.0 2.00 1.41 0.71 4 7
21 3 Height 4 2.0 4.00 2.00 1.00 l 5
22 1 Diameter 4 9.5 25.67 5.07 2.53 6 17
22 1 Height 4 2.8 2.92 1.71 0.85 1 5
22 2 Diameter 4 5.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
22 2 Height 4 2.3 1.58 1.26 0.63 1 4
22 3 Diameter 26 7.7 9.90 3.15 0.62 4 14
22 3 Height 26 1.3 0.62 0.79 0.15 1 4
23 1 Diameter 12 12.4 13.36 3.65 1.05 8 19
23 1 Height 12 1.4 0.81 0.90 0.26 l 4
23 3 Diameter 1 15.0 . . . 15 15
23 3 Diameter 2 17.5 84.50 9.19 6.50 1 1 24
23 3 Height 1 4.0 . . . 4 4
23 3 Height 2 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
24 1 Diameter 2 6.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 6 7
24 1 Height 2 3.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 3 4
24 2 Diameter 2 8.0 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10

 

152

Appendix B Table 22 (Cont).
Unit no. Age class Diameter/ N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

Height
24 2 Height 2 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
24 3 Diameter 8 8.9 8.41 2.90 1.03 5 14
24 3 Height 8 1.3 0.21 0.46 ' 0.16 1 2
28 1 Diameter 3 4.7 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
28 1 Height 3 1.3 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
28 2 Diameter 6 4.8 1.77 1.33 0.54 4 7
28 2 Height 6 1.3 0.27 0.52 0.21 1 2
28 3 Diameter 5 7.2 1 1 .70 3.42 1.53 4 12
28 3 Height 5 1.8 3.20 1.79 0.80 1 5
30 1 Diameter 4 4.5 0.33 0.58 0.29 4 5
30 1 Height 4 2.3 0.25 0.50 0.25 2 3
30 2 Diameter 2 6.0 8.00 2.83 2.00 4 8
30 2 Height 2 1.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
30 3 Diameter 2 4.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
30 3 Height 2 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
31 1 Diameter 1 8.0 8 8
31 1 Height 1 2.0 2 2
31 2 Diameter 1 4.0 4 4
31 2 Height 1 4.0 4 4
31 3 Diameter 1 5.0 5 5
31 3 Height 1 1.0 . . . 1 1
34 1 Diameter 2 5.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
34 1 Height 2 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
34 2 Diameter 6 7.7 10.27 3.20 1.31 4 13
34 2 Height 6 1.5 0.30 0.55 0.22 1 2
34 3 Diameter 22 9.0 14.52 3.81 0.81 4 16
34 3 Height 22 1.1 0.12 0.35 0.07 1 2
38 1 Diameter 4 5.8 2.25 1.50 0.75 4 7
38 1 Height 4 8.8 168.25 12.97 6.49 1 28
38 2 Diameter 1 1 8.6 8.25 2.87 0.87 6 14
38 2 Height 1 1 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
38 3 Diameter 9 1 1.1 29.11 5.40 1.80 4 21
38 3 Height 9 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 l 1
39 1 Diameter 1 5.0 5 5
39 1 Height 1 5.0 . . . 5 5
40 1 Diameter 2 6.5 0.50 0.71 0.50 6 7
40 1 Height 2 2.0 2.00 1.41 1.00 1 3

 

153

Appendix B Table 22 (Cont).

Unit no. Age class Diameter/

N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

Height
40 2 Diameter 10 8.8 14.84 3.85 1.22 4 14
40 2 Height 10 1.8 0.62 0.79 0.25 1 3
40 3 Diameter 20 11.9 11.50 3.39 0.76 6 21
40 3 Height 20 2.4 0.98 0.99 0.22 1 5
45 1 Diameter 3 8.7 4.33 2.08 1.20 7 1 1
45 1 Height 3 1 .0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
45 2 Diameter 7 7.4 1 1 .29 3.36 1.27 4 12
45 2 Height 7 2.6 1.95 1.40 0.53 1 5
45 3 Diameter 20 5.6 6.99 2.64 0.59 4 15
45 3 Height 20 1.5 0.89 0.95 0.21 1 5
46 1 Diameter 1 10.0 10 10
46 1 Height 1 3 .0 . . . 3 3
46 2 Diameter 5 5 .8 0.20 0.45 0.20 5 6
46 2 Height 5 2.2 0.70 0.84 0.37 1 3
46 3 Diameter 54 9.7 15.53 3.94 0.54 4 20
46 3 Height 54 1.9 0.54 0.74 0.10 1 3
47 2 Diameter 9 12.4 19.03 4.36 1.45 5 19
47 2 Height 9 1.8 0.19 0.44 0.15 1 2
47 3 Diameter 18 12.2 51.36 7.17 1.69 5 35
47 3 Height 18 1.5 0.38 0.62 0.15 1 3
48 3 Diameter 18 9.1 6.22 2.49 0.59 4 15
48 3 Height 18 1.5 0.38 0.62 0.15 1 3

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

154

Appendix B Table 23. Stump diameter (in) and height (11) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by ELU, species, and age class'.

 

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
_, .13:th

ED(p) Diameter ABBA 1 1 10.00 10 10
ED(p) Diameter BEPA 3 1 15.00 . . . 15 15
ED(p) Diameter POTR1 1 2 10.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 8 12
ED(p) Diameter THOC 1 9 13.22 14.44 3.80 1.27 9 19
ED(p) Height ABBA 1 1 2.00 2 2
ED(p) Height BEPA 3 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
ED(p) Height POTR1 1 2 2.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 1 4
ED(p) Height THOC 1 9 1.11 0.1 1 0.33 0.1 1 1 2
EM(p) Diameter ABBA 2 2 8.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10
EM(p) Diameter ABBA 3 9 7.44 6.78 2.60 0.87 5 14
EM(p) Diameter BEPA 1 1 17.00 17 17
EM(p) Diameter BEPA 3 1 8.00 . . . 8 8
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 1 5 6.80 0.70 0.84 0.37 6 8
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 2 4 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
EM(p) Diameter POTR1 3 20 9.25 27.78 5.27 1.18 4 24
EM(p) Diameter THOC 3 7 9.14 9.14 3.02 1.14 5 14
EM(p) Height ABBA 2 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
EM(p) Height ABBA 3 9 1.11 0.11 0.33 0.11 1 2
EM(p) Height BEPA 1 1 2.00 2 2
EM(p) Height BEPA 3 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
EM(p) Height POTR1 1 5 3 .20 2.20 1 .48 0.66 1 5
EM(p) Height POTR1 2 4 2.25 1.58 1.26 0.63 1 4
EM(p) Height POTR1 3 20 1.35 0.66 0.81 0.18 1 4
EM(p) Height THOC 3 7 1.14 0.14 0.38 0.14 1 2
EW(m) Diameter ABBA 2 5 4.80 1.70 1.30 0.58 4 7
EW(m) Diameter ABBA 3 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5 7
EW(m) Diameter FRNI 2 2 17.00 32.00 5.66 4.00 13 21
EW(m) Diameter FRNI 3 3 13.67 16.33 4.04 2.33 10 18
EW(m) Diameter PIMA 3 3 11.00 28.00 5.29 3.06 7 17
EW(m) Diameter POBA 1 l 9.00 9 9
EW(m) Diameter POBA 2 1 12.00 . . . 12 12
EW(m) Diameter POTR1 1 4 7.25 10.25 3.20 1.60 4 10
EW(m) Diameter POTR1 2 4 8.75 2.25 1.50 0.75 8 11
EW(m) Diameter POTR1 3 3 12.67 12.33 3.51 2.03 9 16
EW(m) Height ABBA 2 5 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
EW(m) Height ABBA 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

 

155

Appendix B Table 23 (Cont).

 

 

'BLU Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height
mm) Height FRNI 2 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
EW(m) Height FRNI 3 3 2.33 2.33 1.53 0.88 1 4
EW(m) Height PIMA 3 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
EW(m) Height POBA 1 1 2.00 2 2
EW(m) Height POBA 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
EW(m) Height POTR1 1 4 2.25 1.58 1.26 0.63 1 4
EW(m) Height POTR1 2 4 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 l 1
EW(m) Height POTR1 3 3 1.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
LM(m) Diameter ABBA 2 3 6.00 7.00 2.65 1.53 4 9
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 l 6 5.67 0.67 0.82 0.33 5 7
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 2 10 8.90 13.88 3.73 1.18 4 14
LM(m) Diameter POTR1 3 17 11.29 17.85 4.22 1.02 5 21
LM(m) Diameter THOC 2 3 9.67 12.33 3.51 2.03 6 13
LM(m) Diameter THOC 3 23 9.91 10.99 3.32 0.69 5 17
LM(m) Diameter UNK 2 1 7.00 . . . 7 7
LM(m) Diameter UNK 3 3 10.00 36.00 6.00 3.46 4 16
LM(m) Height ABBA 2 3 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 l 3
LM(m) Height POTR1 1 6 2.33 2.67 1.63 0.67 1 5
LM(m) Height POTR1 2 10 1.70 0.46 0.67 0.21 1 3
LM(m) Height POTR1 3 17 1.88 1.61 1.27 0.31 l 5
LM(m) Height THOC 2 3 1.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
LM(m) Height THOC 3 23 1.70 0.49 0.70 0.15 1 4
LM(m) Height UNK 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
LM(m) Height UNK 3 3 1.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 l 2
LW(m) Diameter ABBA 1 1 10.00 10 10
LW(m) Diameter ABBA 3 1 5.00 . . 5 5
LW(m) Diameter BEPA 3 2 16.50 112.50 10.61 7.50 9 24
LW(m) Diameter FRNI 2 2 14.00 72.00 8.49 6.00 8 20
LW(m) Diameter FRNI 3 6 9.33 11.07 3.33 1.36 5 14
LW(m) Diameter PIGL 3 4 15.50 33.00 5.74 2.87 12 24
LW(m) Diameter PIMA 1 8 5.00 1.71 1.31 0.46 4 8
LW(m) Diameter PIMA 2 9 5.00 2.50 1.58 0.53 4 8
LW(m) Diameter PIMA 3 6 5.17 3.77 1.94 0.79 4 9
LW(m) Diameter THOC 2 1 9.00 9 9
LW(m) Diameter THOC 3 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(m) Diameter THOC 3 2 9.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 7 12
LW(m) Diameter ULRU 3 1 5.00 S 5

 

156

Appendix B Table 23 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
_ Height _

LW(m) Height ABBA 1 1 4.00 4 4
LW(m) Height ABBA 3 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(m) Height BEPA 3 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
LW(m) Height FRNI 2 2 1.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
LW(m) Height FRNI 3 6 1.17 0.17 0.41 0.17 1 2
LW(m) Height PIGL 3 4 2.75 2.25 1.50 0.75 1 4
LW(m) Height PIMA 1 8 1.88 0.41 0.64 0.23 1 3
LW(m) Height PIMA 2 9 1.67 1.00 1.00 0.33 1 4
LW(m) Height PIMA 3 6 1.67 2.67 1.63 0.67 1 5
LW(m) Height THOC 2 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
LW(m) Height THOC 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
LW(m) Height THOC 3 1 3.00 3 3
LW(m) Height ULRU 3 1 3.00 3 3
LW(p) Diameter LALA 1 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
LW(p) Diameter LALA 2 8 5.25 1.36 1.16 0.41 4 7
LW(p) Diameter PIMA 2 1 6.00 6 6
LW(p) Height LALA 1 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
LW(p) Height LALA 2 8 2.50 1.43 1 .20 0.42 1 5
LW(p) Height PIMA 2 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
LW(pm) Diameter ABBA l 2 10.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 10 11
LW(pm) Diameter ABBA 2 1 12.00 12 12
LW(pm) Diameter ABBA 3 1 4.00 4 4
LW(pm) Diameter BEPA 2 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
LW(pm) Diameter BEPA 3 6 5.33 1.87 1.37 0.56 4 8
LW(pm) Diameter LALA 3 3 5.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 4 7
LW(pm) Diameter PIMA 2 1 5.00 5 5
LW(pm) Diameter PIMA 3 1 7 .00 7 7
LW(pm) Diameter PIST 3 1 15.00 . . 15 15
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 1 2 7.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 7 8
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 2 18 9.50 20.62 4.54 1.07 4 19
LW(pm) Diameter THOC 3 98 9.67 21.93 4.68 0.47 4 35
LW(pm) Height ABBA 1 2 2.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 1 3
LW(pm) Height ABBA 2 1 1.00 1 1
LW(pm) Height ABBA 3 1 1.00 1 1
LW(pm) Height BEPA 2 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
LW(pm) Height BEPA 3 6 2.33 1.87 1.37 0.56 1 5
LW(pm) Height LALA 3 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

 

157

Appendix B Table 23 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
_¥ Height '

LW(pm) Height PIMA 2 1 3.00 3 3

LW(pm) Height PIMA 3 1 1.00 1 1

LW(pm) Height PIST 3 1 1.00 . . . 1 1

LW(pm) Height THOC 1 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

LW(pm) Height THOC 2 18 2.17 0.97 0.99 0.23 1 5

LW(pm) Height THOC 3 98 1.67 0.49 0.70 0.07 1 3

LW(vp) Diameter PIMA 1 8 5.00 1.71 1.31 0.46 4 8

LW(vp) Diameter PIMA 2 9 5.00 2.50 1.58 0.53 4 8

LW(vp) Diameter PIMA 3 6 5.17 3.77 1.94 0.79 4 9

LW(vp) Diameter THOC 3 2 9.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 7 12
LW(vp) Height PIMA 1 8 1.88 0.41 0.64 0.23 1 3

LW(vp) Height PIMA 2 9 1.67 1.00 1.00 0.33 1 4

LW(vp) Height PIMA 3 6 1.67 2.67 1.63 0.67 1 S

LW(vp) Height THOC 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

MM(m) Diameter ABBA 1 2 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 7

MM(m) Diameter ABBA 2 3 11.33 9.33 3.06 1.76 8 14
MM(m) Diameter ABBA 3 2 12.50 144.50 12.02 8.50 4 21

MM(m) Diameter ACRU1 2 2 7.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 6 8

MM(m) Diameter ACRU1 3 1 14.00 14 14
MM(m) Diameter BEPA 1 1 4.00 4 4

MM(m) Diameter FRAM 2 l 4.00 . . . 4 4

MM(m) Diameter FRNI 2 5 8.20 6.70 2.59 1.16 6 11

MM(m) Diameter FRNI 3 5 10.40 17.30 4.16 1.86 6 15
MM(m) Diameter PIGL 3 1 8.00 8 8

MM(m) Diameter POBA 1 1 5.00 5 5

MM(m) Diameter POBA 2 1 6.00 . . . 6 6

MM(m) Diameter POTR1 1 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5

MM(m) Diameter POTR1 2 2 10.50 40.50 6.36 4.50 6 15
MM(m) Diameter POTR1 3 4 13.50 91.67 9.57 4.79 5 27
MM(m) Diameter THOC 1 1 9.00 . . . 9 9

MM(m) Diameter THOC 3 8 7.63 6.55 2.56 0.91 5 12
MM(m) Diameter UNK 1 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4

MM(m) Diameter UNK 3 8 11.75 12.50 3.54 1.25 6 17
MM(m) Height ABBA 1 2 14.50 364.50 19.09 13.50 1 28
MM(m) Height ABBA 2 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

MM(m) Height ABBA 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

MM(m) Height ACRU1 2 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1

 

158

 

Appendix B Table 23 (Cont).

 

ELU Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
_fi Height

MM(m) Height ACRU1 3 1 1.00 1 1
MM(m) Height BEPA 1 1 1.00 1 1
MM(m) Height FRAM 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
MM(m) Height FRNI 2 5 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height FRNI 3 5 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height PIGL 3 1 1.00 1 1
MM(m) Height POBA 1 1 1.00 1 1
MM(m) Height POBA 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
MM(m) Height POTR1 1 3 2.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 1 5
MM(m) Height POTR1 2 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height POTR1 3 4 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height THOC 1 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
MM(m) Height THOC 3 8 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height UNK 1 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(m) Height UNK 3 8 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
MM(p) Diameter ABBA 1 8 5.88 4.98 2.23 0.79 4 9
MM(p) Diameter ABBA 2 4 5.00 0.67 0.82 0.41 4 6
MM(p) Diameter ABBA 3 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 4 7
MM(p) Diameter BEPA 3 l 5.00 5 5
MM(p) Diameter PIMA 3 1 4.00 4 4
MM(p) Diameter POTR1 1 1 7 .00 . . . . 7 7
MM(p) Diameter POTR1 2 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
MM(p) Height ABBA 1 8 2.50 2.29 1.51 0.53 1 5
MM(p) Height ABBA 2 4 2.75 2.92 1.71 0.85 1 5
MM(p) Height ABBA 3 2 3.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 1 5
MM(p) Height BEPA 3 1 1.00 1 1
MM(p) Height PIMA 3 1 1.00 1 1
MM(p) Height POTR1 1 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
MM(p) Height POTR1 2 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
MW(m) Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
MW(m) Diameter POTR1 3 2 12.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 11 14
MW(m) Diameter UNK 3 1 4.00 4 4
MW(m) Height POTR1 1 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
MW(m) Height POTR1 3 2 4.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 3 5
MW(m) Height UNK 3 1 1.00 1 1
MW(p) Diameter LALA 1 1 8.00 8 8
MW(p) Diameter LALA 2 1 6.00 6 6

 

159

Appendix B Table 23 (Cont).

BLU Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height

 

M)fimem T’IMA 2 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
MW(p) Diameter PIMA 3 10 5.60 0.93 0.97 0.31 4 7
MW(p) Height LALA 1 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
MW(p) Height LALA 2 1 2.00 2 2
MW(p) Height PIMA 2 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
MW(p) Height PIMA 3 10 2.30 2.01 1.42 0.45 1 5

 

Ira dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

160

Appendix B Table 24. Stump diameter (in) and height (it) means, variances, standard
deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by unit number, species and age

 

 

class'.
Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height

1 Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 5 5
1 Height POTR1 1 1 2.00 . . 2 2
2 Diameter POTR1 3 2 12.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 1 1 14
2 Height POTR1 3 2 4.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 3 5
2 Diameter UNK 3 1 4.00 4 4
2 Height UNK 3 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
3 Diameter POTR1 3 2 17.50 84.50 9.19 6.50 11 24
3 Height POTR1 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
4 Diameter POTR1 3 1 18.00 18 18
4 Height POTR1 3 l 2.00 2 2
5 Diameter LALA 1 1 8.00 8 8
5 Height LALA 1 1 2.00 2 2
6 Diameter LALA 1 1 5.00 5 5
6 Height LALA 1 l 4.00 . . . 4 4
6 Diameter LALA 2 8 5.25 1.36 1.16 0.41 4 7
6 Height LALA 2 8 2.50 1.43 1.20 0.42 1 5
6 Diameter PIMA 2 1 6.00 6 6
6 Height PIMA 2 1 2.00 2 2
7 Diameter LALA 2 1 6.00 6 6
7 Height LALA 2 1 2.00 2 2
7 Diameter PIMA 2 1 5.00 5 5
7 Height PIMA 2 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
7 Diameter PIMA 3 10 5.60 0.93 0.97 0.31 4 7
7 Height PIMA 3 10 2.30 2.01 1.42 0.45 1 5
9 Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 5 5
9 Height POTR1 1 1 1.00 1 1
9 Diameter POTR1 2 1 15.00 15 15
9 Height POTR1 2 l 1.00 . . 1 1
9 Diameter POTR1 3 3 15.00 124.00 11.14 6.43 5 27
9 Height POTR1 3 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
9 Diameter UNK 3 7 12.57 8.29 2.88 1.09 8 17
9 Height UNK 3 7 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
11 Diameter F RAM 2 1 4.00 4 4
11 Height FRAM 2 1 1.00 l 1
1 1 Diameter PIGL 3 1 8.00 8 8

 

 

161

Appendix B Table 24 (Cont).
Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var

Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

Height 1
1 1 Height PIGL 3 1 1.00 1 1
1 1 Diameter POBA 1 l 5.00 5 5
1 1 Height POBA l 1 1.00 1 1
1 1 Diameter POBA 2 1 6.00 6 6
1 1 Height POBA 2 1 1.00 1 1
1 1 Diameter POTR1 1 1 4.00 4 4
1 1 Height POTR1 1 1 1.00 1 1
1 1 Diameter THOC 1 1 9.00 9 9
1 1 Height THOC 1 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
1 1 Diameter THOC 3 8 7.63 6.55 2.56 0.91 5 12
1 1 Height THOC 3 8 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 l
l 1 Diameter UNK 1 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
1 1 Height UNK 1 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
1 1 Diameter UNK 3 1 6.00 6 6
1 1 Height UNK 3 1 1.00 1 1
13 Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 5 5
13 Height POTR1 1 1 3.00 3 3
13 Diameter POTR1 2 1 9.00 9 9
13 Height POTR1 2 1 1.00 1 1
13 Diameter POTR1 3 1 14.00 14 14
13 Height POTR1 3 1 3.00 . . 3 3
17 Diameter PIGL 3 4 15.50 33.00 5.74 2.87 12 24
17 Height PIGL 3 4 2.75 2.25 1.50 0.75 1 4
18 Diameter ABBA 1 1 10.00 10 10
18 Height ABBA 1 1 4.00 4 4
18 Diameter ABBA 3 1 5.00 5 5
18 Height ABBA 3 1 4.00 . . 4 4
18 Diameter BEPA 3 2 16.50 1 12.50 10.61 7.50 9 24
18 Height BEPA 3 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
18 Diameter FRNI 2 2 14.00 72.00 8.49 6.00 8 20
18 Height FRNI 2 2 1.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
18 Diameter FRNI 3 6 9.33 1 1.07 3.33 1.36 5 14
18 Height FRNI 3 6 1.17 0.17 0.41 0.17 1 2
18 Diameter THOC 2 l 9.00 9 9
18 Height THOC 2 1 2.00 2 2
18 Diameter THOC 3 1 4.00 4 4

 

162

Appendix B Table 24 (Cont).

 

 

 

Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Haw _
18 Height THOC 3 1 3.00 3 3
18 Diameter ULRU 3 l 5.00 5 5
18 Height ULRU 3 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
19 Diameter ABBA 2 5 4.80 1.70 1.30 0.58 4 7
19 Height ABBA 2 5 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
19 Diameter ABBA 3 2 6.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 5 7
19 Height ABBA 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
19 Diameter FRNI 2 2 17.00 32.00 5.66 4.00 13 21
19 Height FRNI 2 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
19 Diameter FRNI 3 3 13.67 16.33 4.04 2.33 10 18
19 Height FRNI 3 3 2.33 2.33. 1.53 0.88 l 4
19 Diameter PIMA 3 3 11.00 28.00 5.29 3.06 7 17
19 Height PIMA 3 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
19 Diameter POBA 2 1 12.00 12 12
19 Height POBA 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
19 Diameter POTR1 l 4 7.25 10.25 3.20 1.60 4 10
19 Height POTR1 1 4 2.25 1.58 1.26 ‘ 0.63 1 4
19 Diameter POTR1 2 4 8.75 2.25 1.50 0.75 8 1 1
19 Height POTR1 2 4 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 l
19 Diameter POTR1 3 3 12.67 12.33 3.51 2.03 9 16
19 Height POTR1 3 3 1.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
20 Diameter POBA 1 1 9.00 9 9
20 Height POBA l 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
21 Diameter ABBA 1 8 5.88 4.98 2.23 0.79 4 9
21 Height ABBA 1 8 2.50 2.29 1.51 0.53 1 5
21 Diameter ABBA 2 4 5.00 0.67 0.82 0.41 4 6
21 Height ABBA 2 4 2.75 2.92 1.71 0.85 1 5
21 Diameter ABBA 3 2 5.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 4 7
21 Height ABBA 3 2 3.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 1 5
21 Diameter BEPA 3 1 5.00 5 5
21 Height BEPA 3 1 1.00 l 1
21 Diameter PIMA 3 1 4.00 4 4
21 Height PIMA 3 1 1.00 1 1
21 Diameter POTR1 1 1 7.00 7 7
21 Height POTR1 1 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
21 Diameter POTR1 2 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
21 Height POTR1 2 2 2.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 2 3
163

‘ ,f‘", .
_I
‘1
l

 

 

 

Appendix B Table 24 (Cont).

 

Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

 

gHeight
22 Diameter ABBA 3 8 7.50 7.71 2.78 0.98 5 14
22 Height ABBA 3 8 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
22 Diameter BEPA 1 1 17.00 17 17
22 Height BEPA 1 1 2.00 2 2
22 Diameter BEPA 3 1 8.00 8 8
22 Height BEPA 3 1 3.00 . . . 3 3
22 Diameter POTR1 1 3 7 .00 1.00 1.00 0.58 6 8
22 Height POTR1 1 3 3.00 4.00 2.00 1 . 15 1 5
22 Diameter POTR1 2 4 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
22 Height POTR1 2 4 2.25 1.58 1.26 0.63 1 4
22 Diameter POTR1 3 17 7.76 12.07 3.47 0.84 4 13
22 Height POTR1 3 17 1.35 0.74 0.86 0.21 1 4
23 Diameter ABBA 1 1 10.00 10 10
23 Height ABBA 1 1 2.00 2 2
23 Diameter BEPA 3 1 15 .00 15 15
23 Height BEPA 3 1 4.00 . . . 4 4
23 Diameter POTR1 1 2 10.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 8 12
23 Height POTR1 1 2 2.50 4.50 2.12 1.50 1 4
23 Diameter THOC 1 9 13.22 14.44 3.80 1.27 9 19
23 Height THOC 1 9 1.1 1 0.1 1 0.33 0.1 1 1 2
24 Diameter ABBA 2 2 8.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10
24 Height ABBA 2 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
24 Diameter ABBA 3 1 7.00 7 7
24 Height ABBA 3 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
24 Diameter POTR1 1 2 6.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 6 7
24 Height POTR1 1 2 3.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 3 4
24 Diameter THOC 3 7 9.14 9.14 3.02 1.14 5 14
24 Height THOC 3 7 1.14 0.14 0.38 0.14 1 2
28 Diameter PIMA 1 3 4.67 0.33 0.58 0.33 4 5
28 Height PIMA 1 3 1.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
28 Diameter PIMA 2 6 4.83 1.77 1.33 0.54 4 7
28 Height PIMA 2 6 1.33 0.27 0.52 0.21 1 2
28 Diameter PIMA 3 3 5.67 8.33 2.89 1.67 4 9
28 Height PIMA 3 3 2.33 5.33 2.31 1.33 1 5
28 Diameter THOC 3 2 9.50 12.50 3.54 2.50 7 12
28 Height THOC 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
30 Diameter PIMA 1 4 4.50 0.33 0.58 0.29 4 5

 

164

Appendix B Table 24 (Cont).

 

 

Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
Height

30 Height PIMA 1 4 2.25 0.25 0.50 0.25 2 3
30 Diameter PIMA 2 2 6.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 4 8
30 Height PIMA 2 2 1.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
30 Diameter PIMA 3 2 4.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 4 5
30 Height PIMA 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
31 Diameter PIMA 1 1 8.00 8 8
31 Height PIMA 1 1 2.00 2 2
31 Diameter PIMA 2 1 4.00 4 4
31 Height PIMA 2 1 4.00 4 4
31 Diameter PIMA 3 l 5.00 5 5
31 Height PIMA 3 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
34 Diameter POTR1 1 2 5.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 5 6
34 Height POTR1 1 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
34 Diameter POTR1 2 4 6.50 5.67 2.38 1.19 4 9
34 Height POTR1 2 4 1.75 0.25 0.50 0.25 1 2
34 Diameter POTR1 3 9 10.11 16.61 4.08 1.36 5 16
34 Height POTR1 3 9 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
34 Diameter THOC 2 1 13.00 13 13
34 Height THOC 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
34 Diameter THOC 3 10 7.80 7.96 2.82 0.89 5 12
34 Height THOC 3 10 1.20 0.18 0.42 0.13 1 2
34 Diameter UNK 2 1 7.00 7 7
34 Height UNK 2 1 1.00 . . . 1 1
34 Diameter UNK 3 3 10.00 36.00 6.00 3.46 4 16
34 Height UNK 3 3 1.33 0.33 0.58 0.33 1 2
38 Diameter ABBA 1 2 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 7
38 Height ABBA 1 2 14.50 364.50 19.09 13.50 1 28
38 Diameter ABBA 2 3 11.33 9.33 3.06 1.76 8 14
38 Height ABBA 2 3 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
38 Diameter ABBA 3 2 12.50 144.50 12.02 8.50 4 21
38 Height ABBA 3 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
38 Diameter ACRU1 2 2 7.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 6 8
38 Height ACRU1 2 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
38 Diameter ACRU1 3 1 14.00 14 14
38 Height ACRU1 3 1 1.00 1 1
38 Diameter BEPA 1 1 4.00 4 4
38 Height BEPA 1 1 1.00 1 1

 

165

Appendix B Table 24 (Cont).
Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var

38

38
38
38
38
38

33333333333388333

$¥bc§$u§h¥$h#~h&#
MMUIUIMM'JIUIUIUIUIMUOUU

Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

Height _ L

Diameter FRNI 2 5 8.20 6.70 2.59 1.16 6 1 1
Height FRNI 2 5 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
Diameter FRNI 3 5 10.40 17.30 4.16 1.86 6 15
Height FRNI 3 5 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 5 5
Height POTR1 1 1 5.00 5 5
Diameter POTR1 2 1 6.00 6 6
Height POTR1 2 1 1.00 l 1
Diameter POTR1 3 1 9.00 9 9
Diameter POTR1 1 1 5.00 5 5
Height POTR1 1 1 5.00 . . . 5 5
Diameter ABBA 2 3 6.00 7.00 2.65 1.53 4 9
Height ABBA 2 3 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.58 1 3
Diameter POTR1 1 2 6.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 6 7
Height POTR1 l 2 2.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 1 3
Diameter POTR1 2 5 10.80 16.70 4.09 1.83 5 14
Height POTR1 2 5 1.80 0.70 0.84 0.37 1 3
Diameter POTR1 3 7 12.43 20.62 4.54 1.72 8 21
Height POTR1 3 7 2.86 1.81 1.35 0.51 1 5
Diameter THOC 2 2 8.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 6 10
Height THOC 2 2 1.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 1 2
Diameter THOC 3 13 1 1 .54 7 .60 2.76 0.76 6 17
Height THOC 3 13 2.08 0.41 0.64 0.18 1 4
Diameter ABBA 1 1 1 1.00 1 1 1 1
Height ABBA 1 1 1.00 1 1
Diameter ABBA 2 1 12.00 12 12
Height ABBA 2 1 1.00 1 1
Diameter ABBA 3 1 4.00 4 4
Height ABBA 3 1 1.00 1 1
Diameter BEPA 2 1 5.00 5 5
Height BEPA 2 1 2.00 . . . 2 2
Diameter BEPA 3 6 5.33 1.87 1.37 0.56 4 8
Height BEPA 3 6 2.33 1.87 1.37 0.56 1 5
Diameter LALA 3 3 5.00 3 .00 1 .73 1 .00 4 7
Height LALA 3 3 1 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1
Diameter PIMA 2 1 5.00 5 5
Height PIMA 2 1 3.00 3 3

 

166

Appendix B Table 24 (Cont).
Unit no. Diameter/ Species Age class N Mean Var

Std Dev Std Err Min Max

 

44394 L
45 Diameter PIMA 3 1 7.00 7
45 Height PIMA 3 1 1.00 1
45 Diameter PIST 3 1 15.00 15
45 Height PIST 3 1 1.00 . . 1
45 Diameter THOC 1 2 7.50 0.50 0.71 0.50 7
45 Height THOC 1 2 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1
45 Diameter THOC 2 4 7.50 11.67 3.42 1.71 4
45 Height THOC 2 4 3.00 2.67 1.63 0.82 l
45 Diameter THOC 3 8 4.88 2.70 1.64 0.58 4
45 Height THOC 3 8 1.25 0.21 0.46 0.16 1
46 Diameter ABBA 1 1 10.00 10
46 Height ABBA 1 1 3.00 . . . 3
46 Diameter THOC 2 5 5.80 0.20 0.45 0.20 5
46 Height THOC 2 5 2.20 0.70 0.84 0.37 1
46 Diameter THOC 3 54 9.72 15.53 3.94 0.54 4
46 Height THOC 3 54 1.85 0.54 0.74 0.10 1
47 Diameter THOC 2 9 12.44 19.03 4.36 1.45 5
47 Height THOC 2 9 1.78 0.19 0.44 0.15 1
47 Diameter THOC 3 18 12.22 51.36 7.17 1.69 5
47 Height THOC 3 18 1.50 0.38 0.62 0.15 1
48 Diameter THOC 3 1 8 9.1 1 6.22 2.49 0.59 4
48 Height THOC 3 18 1.50 0.38 0.62 0.15 1

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

167

Appendix B Table 25. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by ELU and age class.

 

 

BTII Age class Stem density
B136) 1 4
ED(p) 3 0.33333
EM(p) 1 0.5
EM(p) 2 0.5
EM(p) 3 3.08333
EW(m) 1 0.83333
EW(m) 2 2
EW(m) 3 1.83333
LM(m) 1 0.42857
LM(m) 2 1.21429
LM(m) 3 3.07143
LW(m) 1 0.16667
LW(m) 2 0.5
LW(m) 3 2.5
LW(p) 1 0.16667
LW(p) 2 1.5
LW(pm) 1 0.33333
LW(pm) 2 1.75
LW(pm) 3 9.16667
LW(vp) 1 0.66667
LW(vp) 2 0.75
LW(vp) 3 0.66667
MM(m) 1 0.90909
MM(m) 2 1.27273
MM(m) 3 2.63636
MM(p) 1 3
MM(p) 2 2
MM(p) 3 1.33333
MW(m) 1 0.16667
MW(m) 3 0.5
MW(p) 1 0.16667
MW(p) 2 0.33333
MW(p) 3 1.66667

 

168

Appendix B Table 26. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by ELU, age class and species.

 

 

ELU Age Species Stem ELU Age class Species Stem
* class density density
ED(p) 1 ABBA 0.33333 LW(m) 2 THOC 0.16667
ED(p) 1 POTR1 0.66667 LW(m) 3 ABBA 0.16667
ED(p) 1 THOC 3 LW(m) 3 BEPA 0.33333
ED(p) 3 BEPA 0.33333 LW(m) 3 FRNI 1
EM(p) 1 BEPA 0.08333 LW(m) 3 PIGL 0.66667
EM(p) 1 POTR1 0.41667 LW(m) 3 THOC 0.16667
EM(p) 2 ABBA 0.16667 LW(m) 3 ULRU 0.16667
EM(p) 2 POTR1 0.33333 LW(p) 1 LALA 0.16667
EM(p) 3 ABBA 0.75 LW(p) 2 LALA 1.33333
EM(p) 3 BEPA 0.08333 LW(p) 2 PIMA 0.16667
EM(p) 3 POTR1 1.66667 LW(pm) 1 ABBA 0.16667
EM(p) 3 THOC 0.58333 LW(pm) 1 THOC 0.16667
EW(m) 1 POBA 0.16667 LW(pm) 2 ABBA 0.08333
EW(m) 1 POTR1 0.66667 LW(pm) 2 BEPA 0.08333
EW(m) 2 ABBA 0.83333 LW(pm) 2 PIMA 0.08333
EW(m) 2 FRNI 0.33333 LW(pm) 2 THOC 1.5
EW(m) 2 POBA 0.16667 LW(pm) 3 ABBA 0.08333
EW(m) 2 POTR1 0.66667 LW(pm) 3 BEPA 0.5
EW(m) 3 ABBA 0.33333 LW(pm) 3 LALA 0.25
EW(m) 3 FRNI 0.5 LW(pm) 3 PIMA 0.08333
EW(m) 3 PIMA 0.5 LW(pm) 3 PIST 0.08333
EW(m) 3 POTR1 0.5 LW(pm) 3 THOC 8.16667
LM(m) l POTR1 0.42857 LW(vp) 1 PIMA 0.66667
LM(m) 2 ABBA 0.21429 LW(vp) 2 PIMA 0.75
LM(m) 2 POTR1 0.71429 LW(vp) 3 PIMA 0.5
LM(m) 2 THOC 0.21429 LW(vp) 3 THOC 0.16667
LM(m) 2 UNK 0.07143 MM(m) 1 ABBA 0.18182
LM(m) 3 POTR1 1.21429 MM(m) 1 BEPA 0.09091
LM(m) 3 THOC 1.64286 MM(m) 1 POBA 0.09091
LM(m) 3 UNK 0.21429 MM(m) 1 POTR1 0.27273
LW(m) 1 ABBA 0.16667 MM(m) l THOC 0.09091
LW(m) 2 FRNI 0.33333 MM(m) 1 UNK 0.18182
MM(m) 2 ABBA 0.27273 MM(m) 2 POBA 0.09091
MM(m) 2 ACRU1 0.18182 MM(m) 2 POTR1 0.18182
MM(m) 2 FRAM 0.09091 MM(m) 3 ABBA 0.18182
MM(m) 2 FRNI 0.45455 MM(m) 3 ACRU1 0.09091

 

169

 

.15

Appendix B Table 26 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Decay Species Stern density
MM(m) 3 FRNI 0.45455
MM(m) 3 PIGL 0.09091
MM(m) 3 POTR1 0.36364
MM(m) 3 THOC 0.72727
MM(m) 3 UNK 0.72727
MM(p) 1 ABBA 2.66667
MM(p) 1 POTR1 0.33333
MM(p) 2 ABBA 1.33333
MM(p) 2 POTR1 0.66667
MM(p) 3 ABBA 0.66667
MM(p) 3 BEPA 0.33333
MM(p) 3 PIMA 0.33333
MW(m) 1 POTR1 0.16667
MW(m) 3 POTR1 0.33333
MW(m) 3 UNK 0.16667
MW(p) 1 LALA 0.16667
MW(p) 2 LALA 0.16667
MW(p) 2 PIMA 0.16667
MW(p) 3 PIMA 1 .66667

 

170

Appendix B Table 27. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by unit number and age class“.

 

 

Unit no. Age class Stem density Unit no. Age class Stem density
1 1 0.33333 22 2 1.33333
2 3 1 22 3 8.6667
3 3 0.66667 23 1 4
4 3 0.33333 23 3 0.3333
5 . . 24 1 0.66667
6 1 0.33333 24 2 0.66667
6 2 3 24 3 2.6667
7 1 0.33333 28 1 1
7 2 0.66667 28 2 2
7 3 3.33333 28 3 1.6667
8 . . 30 1 1.33333
9 1 0.5 30 2 0.66667
9 2 0.5 30 3 0.6667
9 3 5 31 1 0.33333
1 1 1 1.66667 31 2 0.33333

11 2 0.66667 31 3 0.3333
11 3 3.3333 32 . .
13 1 0.33333 34 1 0.66667
13 2 0.33333 34 2 2
13 3 0.3333 34 3 7.3333
16 . . 38 1 1.33333
17 3 1.3333 38 2 3.66667
18 1 0.33333 38 3 3
18 2 1 39 1 0.33333
18 3 3.6667 40 1 0.66667
19 1 1.33333 40 2 3.33333
19 2 4 40 3 6.6667
19 3 3.6667 45 1 1
20 1 0.33333 45 2 2.33333
21 1 3 45 3 6.6667
21 2 2 46 1 0.33333
21 3 1.3333 46 2 1.66667
22 1 1.33333 46 3 18

47 2 3

47 3 6

48 3 6

 

‘5 dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

171

Appendix B Table 28. Stump stem density (stems/plot) by unit number, age class and

 

 

species'.
Unit no. Age class Species Stem density Unit no. Age class Species Stem
density
1 1 POTR1 0.33333 18 1 ABBA 0.33333
2 3 POTR1 0.6667 18 2 F RNI 0.66667
2 3 UNK 0.3333 18 2 THOC 0.33333
3 3 POTR1 0.6667 18 3 ABBA 0.33333
4 3 POTR1 0.3333 18 3 BEPA 0.66667
5 . . 18 3 FRNI 2
6 l LALA 0.33333 18 3 THOC 0.3333
6 2 LALA 2.66667 18 3 ULRU 0.3333
6 2 PIMA 0.33333 19 1 POTR1 1.33333
7 1 LALA 0.33333 19 2 ABBA 1.66667
7 2 LALA 0.33333 19 2 FRNI 0.66667
7 2 PIMA 0.33333 19 2 POBA 0.33333
7 3 PIMA 3.33333 19 2 POTR1 1.33333
8 . . 19 3 ABBA 0.66667
9 1 POTR1 0.5 19 3 F RNI 1
9 2 POTR1 0.5 19 3 PIMA 1
9 3 POTR1 1.5 19 3 POTR1 1
9 3 UNK 3.5 20 1 POBA 0.33333
1 1 1 POBA 0.33333 21 1 ABBA 2.66667
11 1 POTR1 0.33333 21 1 POTR1 0.33333
11 1 THOC 0.33333 21 2 ABBA 1.33333
1 1 1 UNK 0.66667 21 2 POTR1 0.66667
1 1 2 FRAM 0.33333 21 3 ABBA 0.66667
11 2 POBA 0.33333 21 3 BEPA 0.33333
11 3 PIGL 0.33333 21 3 PIMA 0.33333
1 1 3 THOC 2.6667 22 1 BEPA 0.33333
11 3 UNK 0.3333 22 1 POTR1 1
13 1 POTR1 0.33333 22 2 POTR1 1.33333
13 2 POTR1 0.33333 22 3 ABBA 2.66667
13 3 POTR1 0.3333 22 3 BEPA 0.33333
16 . . 22 3 POTR1 5.6667
17 3 PIGL 1.33333 23 1 ABBA 0.33333
23 1 POTR1 0.66667 40 1 POTR1 0.66667
23 1 THOC 3 40 2 ABBA 1
23 3 BEPA 0.33333 40 2 POTR1 1.66667

 

172

Appendix B Table 28 (Cont).

 

Unit no. Age class Species

 

 

24
24
24
24
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
39

WN—‘WN—‘UWNHWWNH

nWWWWNNNNHu—Iu—WUMNNNH'

Stem density Unit no. Age class Species Stem
density
I‘D—m1 0.66667 40 2 THOC 0.66667
ABBA 0.66667 40 3 POTR1 2.3333
ABBA 0.33333 40 3 THOC 4.3333
THOC 2.3333 45 1 ABBA 0.33333
PIMA 1 45 1 THOC 0.66667
PIMA 2 45 2 ABBA 0.33333
PIMA 1 45 2 BEPA 0.33333
THOC 0.6667 45 2 PIMA 0.33333
PIMA 1.33333 45 2 THOC 1.33333
PIMA 0.66667 45 3 ABBA 0.33333
PIMA 0.66667 45 3 BEPA 2
PIMA 0.33333 45 3 LALA 1
PIMA 0.33333 45 3 PIMA 0.3333
PIMA 0.33333 45 3 PIST 0.3333
. 45 3 THOC 2.6667
POTR1 0.66667 46 1 ABBA 0.33333
POTR1 1.33333 46 2 THOC 1.66667
THOC 0.33333 46 3 THOC 18
UNK 0.33333 47 2 THOC 3
POTR1 3 47 3 THOC 6
THOC 3.3333 48 3 THOC 6
UNK 1
ABBA 0.66667
BEPA 0.33333
POTR1 0.33333
ABBA 1
ACRU1 0.66667
FRNI 1.66667
POTR1 0.33333
ABBA 0.66667
ACRU1 0.33333
FRNI 1.66667
POTR1 0.3333
POTR1 0.33333

 

1a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

173

Appendix B Table 29. Stump area by ELU and age class.

 

 

ELU Age class Area
EDT» 1 522.813
ED(p) 3 58.905
EM(p) 1 8.558
EM(p) 2 3.862
EM(p) 3 57.203
EW(m) 1 21.075
EW(m) 2 77.82
EW(m) 3 104.196
LM(m) 1 2.749
LM(m) 2 19.537
LM(m) 3 74.725
LW(m) 1 6.545
LW(m) 2 35.67
LW(m) 3 154.527
LW(p) 1 1.636
LW(p) 2 17.41
LW(pm) 1 5.465
LW(pm) 2 35.49
LW(pm) 3 193.879
LW(vp) 1 3.469
LW(vp) 2 4.009
LW(vp) 3 6.087
MM(m) 1 5.676
MM(m) 2 21.063
MM(m) 3 72.007
MM(p) 1 94.248
MM(p) 2 39.793
MM(p) 3 27.751
MW(m) 1 1.636
MW(m) 3 21.795
MW(p) 1 4.189
MW(p) 2 3.992
MW(p) 3 21.075

 

174

Appendix B Table 30. Stump area by ELU, age class and species.

 

 

BTU Age class Species Area ELU Age class Species Area
ED(p) 1 ABBA 26.18 LW(m) 3 WC 1047‘
ED(p) 1 POTR1 54.454 LW(m) 3 ULRU 1.636
ED(p) 1 THOC 442.179 LW(p) 1 LALA 1.636
ED(p) 3 BEPA 58.905 LW(p) 2 LALA 15.053
EM(p) 1 BEPA 4.729 LW(p) 2 PIMA 2.356
EM(p) 1 POTR1 3.829 LW(pm) 1 ABBA 3.616
EM(p) 2 ABBA 2.225 LW(pm) 1 THOC 1.849
EM(p) 2 POTR1 1.636 LW(pm) 2 ABBA 2.356
EM(p) 3 ABBA 9.048 LW(pm) 2 BEPA 0.409
EM(p) 3 BEPA 1.047 LW(pm) 2 PIMA 0.409
EM(p) 3 POTR1 36.636 LW(pm) 2 THOC 32.316
EM(p) 3 THOC 10.472 LW(pm) 3 ABBA 0.262
EW(m) 1 POBA 5.301 LW(pm) 3 BEPA 2.945
EW(m) 1 POTR1 15.773 LW(pm) 3 LALA 1.325
EW(m) 2 ABBA 7.985 LW(pm) 3 PIMA 0.802
EW(m) 2 FRNI 39.924 LW(pm) 3 PIST 3.682
EW(m) 2 POBA 9.425 LW(pm) 3 THOC 184.863
EW(m) 2 POTR1 20.486 LW(vp) 1 PIMA 3.469
EW(m) 3 ABBA 4.843 LW(vp) 2 PIMA 4.009
EW(m) 3 FRNI 38.812 LW(vp) 3 PIMA 2.929
EW(m) 3 PIMA 27.423 LW(vp) 3 THOC 3.158
EW(m) 3 POTR1 33.118 MM(m) 1 ABBA 1.749
LM(m) l POTR1 2.749 MM(m) 1 BEPA 0.286
LM(m) 2 ABBA 1.711 MM(m) 1 POBA 0.446
LM(m) 2 POTR1 12.861 MM(m) 1 POTR1 1.178
LM(m) 2 THOC 4.278 MM(m) 1 THOC 1.446
LM(m) 2 UNK 0.687 MM(m) 1 UNK 0.571
LM(m) 3 POTR1 34.417 MM(m) 2 ABBA 7.211
LM(m) 3 THOC 35.09 MM(m) 2 ACRU1 1.785
LM(m) 3 UNK 5.217 MM(m) 2 FRAM 0.286
LW(m) 1 ABBA 6.545 MM(m) 2 FRNI 6.48
LW(m) 2 FRNI 30.369 MM(m) 2 POBA 0.643
LW(m) 2 THOC 5.301 MM(m) 2 POTR1 4.659
LW(m) 3 ABBA 1.636 MM(m) 2 FRAM 0.286
LW(m) 3 BEPA 43.001 MM(m) 2 FRNI 6.48
LW(m) 3 FRNI 37.83 MM(m) 2 POBA 0.643
LW(m) 3 PIGL 69.377 MM(m) 2 POTR1 4.659

 

175

Appendix B Table 30 (Cont).

 

 

ELU Age class Species Area

MM(m) 3 ABBA 8.157

W(m) 3 ACRU1 3.499
MM(m) 3 FRNI 10.888
MM(m) 3 PIGL 1.142

MM(m) 3 POTR1 17.921
MM(m) 3 THOC 9.121

MM(m) 3 UNK 21.277
MM(p) 1 ABBA 81.42

MM(p) 1 POTR1 12.828
MM(p) 2 ABBA 26.704
W(p) 2 POTR1 13.09
MM(p) 3 ABBA 17.017
MM(p) 3 BEPA 6.545

MM(p) 3 PIMA 4. 1 89
MW(m) 1 POTR1 1.636
MW (m) 3 POTR1 20.748
MW(m) 3 UNK 1.047
MW(p) l LALA

MW(p) 2 LALA

MW(p) 2 PIMA

MW(p) 3 PIMA

 

176

Appendix B Table 31. Stump area by unit number and age class“.

 

Unit no. Age class Area Unit no. Age class Area

 

1 1 0.2045 22 3 14.61 17
2 3 2.7243 23 1 16.3379
3 3 5.7023 23 3 1.8408
4 3 2.6507 24 1 0.6954
5 . . 24 2 1.1 126
6 1 0.2045 24 3 5.6369
6 2 2.1762 28 1 0.54

7 1 0.5236 28 2 1.219
7 2 0.4991 28 3 2.5035
7 3 2.6344 30 1 0.6709
8 . . 30 2 0.6545
9 1 0.3068 30 3 0.3354
9 2 2.7612 31 1 0.5236
9 3 25.5132 31 2 0.1309
1 1 1 1.2599 31 3 0.2045
1 1 2 0.4254 32 . .

1 1 3 4.9987 34 1 0.4991
13 1 0.2045 34 2 3.3052
13 2 0.6627 34 3 17.2215
13 3 1.6035 38 1 1.1372
16 . . 38 2 7.3876
17 3 8.6721 38 3 10.9956
18 1 0.8181 39 1 0.2045
18 2 4.4588 40 1 0.6954
18 3 10.6438 40 2 7.4286
19 1 1.9717 40 3 24.7646
19 2 9.7275 45 1 1.9144
19 3 13.0245 45 2 3.7143
20 1 0.6627 45 3 6.2177
21 1 2.9452 46 1 0.8181
21 2 1.2435 46 2 1.3826
21 3 0.8672 46 3 48.4901
22 1 3.5834 47 2 12.6482
22 2 0.8181 47 3 29.1415

48 3 13.09

 

lla dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

177

Appendix B Table 32. Stump area by unit number, age class and species“.

 

 

Unit no. Age class Species Area Unit no. Age Species Area
class

1 1 POTR1 0.2045 18 2 FRNI 3.7961
2 3 POTR1 2.5934 18 2 THOC 0.6627
2 3 UNK 0.1309 18 3 ABBA 0.2045
3 3 POTR1 5.7023 18 3 BEPA 5.3751
4 3 POTR1 2.6507 18 3 FRNI 4.7288
5 . . l8 3 THOC 0.1309
6 1 LALA 0.2045 18 3 ULRU 0.2045
6 2 LALA 1.8817 19 1 POTR1 1.9717
6 2 PIMA 0.2945 19 2 ABBA 0.9981
7 1 LALA 0.5236 19 2 FRNI 4.9905
7 2 LALA 0.2945 19 2 POBA 1.1781
7 2 PIMA 0.2045 19 2 POTR1 2.5607
7 3 PIMA 2.6344 19 3 ABBA 0.6054
8 . . l9 3 FRNI 4.8515
9 1 POTR1 0.3068 19 3 PIMA 3.4279
9 2 POTR1 2.7612 19 3 POTR1 4.1397
9 3 POTR1 1 1.3269 20 1 POBA 0.6627
9 3 UNK 14.1863 21 1 ABBA 2.5444
1 1 1 POBA 0.2045 21 l POTR1 0.4009
11 1 POTR1 0.1309 21 2 ABBA 0.8345
1 1 1 THOC 0.6627 21 2 POTR1 0.4091
1 1 1 UNK 0.2618 21 3 ABBA 0.5318
1 1 2 F RAM 0.1309 21 3 BEPA 0.2045
11 2 POBA 0.2945 21 3 PIMA 0.1309
1 1 3 PIGL 0.5236 22 1 BEPA 2.3644
11 3 THOC 4.1806 22 1 POTR1 1.219
1 1 3 UNK 0.2945 22 2 POTR1 0.8181
13 1 POTR1 0.2045 22 3 ABBA 4.1233
13 2 POTR1 0.6627 22 3 BEPA 0.5236
13 3 POTR1 1.6035 22 3 POTR1 9.9647
16 . . 23 1 ABBA 0.8181
17 3 PIGL 8.6721 23 1 POTR1 1.7017
18 1 ABBA 0.8181 40 1 POTR1 0.6954
23 3 BEPA 1.8408 40 2 ABBA 0.9981

 

178

Appendix B Table 32 (Cont).
Unit no. Age class Species

Area Unit no. Age class Species

Area

 

 

23
24
24
24
24
28
28
28
28
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38
38

1

wNv—wwu—wwN—wwN—e

wMWNNNNHH~UWWNNNfl°

b.)

THOC
POTR1
ABBA
ABBA
THOC
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA
THOC
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA
PIMA

POTR1
POTR1
THOC
UNK
POTR1
THOC
UNK
ABBA
BEPA
POTR1
ABBA
ACRU l
FRNI
POTR1
ABBA
ACRU 1
FRNI
POTR1

13.8181
0.6954
1.1 126
0.4009
5.236
0.54
1.219
0.9245
1 .579
0.6709
0.6545
0.3354
0.5236
0.1309
0.2045

0.4991
1.5217
1.3826
0.4009
8.6148
5.5632
3.0434
0.8018
0.1309
0.2045
3.3052
0.8181
2.9698
0.2945
3.7388
1.6035
4.9905
0.6627

39
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
45
47
47
48

1

WWNWN—‘MWWUJUJWNNNNH—‘wLQNN

POTR1

POTR1
THOC
POTR1
THOC
ABBA
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
PIMA
THOC
ABBA
BEPA
LALA
PIMA
PIST
THOC
ABBA
THOC
THOC
THOC
THOC
THOC

0.2045
5.3178
1.1 126
9.8584
14.9062
0.9899
0.9245
1.1781
0.2045
0.2045
2.1271
0.1309
1.4726
0.6627
0.4009
1.8408
1.7099
0.8181
1.3 826
48.4901
12.6482
29.1415
13.09

 

'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

179

Appendix B Table 33. Coarse woody debris diameter (in) and length (ft) means,

variances, standard deviations, standard errors, minimums and maximums by decay

 

 

class'.
ELU Diam/Length Decay N Mean Var Std Dev Std Err Min Max
1130;) Diameter 1 5 5.20 1.20 1.10 0.49 4 6
ED(p) Diameter 2 5 7.80 9.70 3.1 1 1.39 4 1 1
ED(p) Diameter 3 4 6.50 4.33 2.08 1.04 4 9
ED(p) Diameter 4 4 7.25 6.92 2.63 1.31 5 1 l
ED(p) Diameter 5 1 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
ED(p) Length 1 5 35.20 33.70 5.81 2.60 27 42
ED(p) Length 2 5 25.20 56.20 7.50 3.35 19 38
ED(p) Length 3 4 23.75 18.92 4.35 2.17 18 28
ED(p) Length 4 4 14.25 58.25 7.63 3.82 7 25
ED(p) Length 5 1 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 8
EM(p) Diameter 1 5 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
EM(p) Diameter 2 1 1 4.91 0.49 0.70 0.21 4 6
EM(p) Diameter 3 8 5.38 3.41 1.85 0.65 4 9
EM(p) Diameter 4 4 6.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 6 8
EM(p) Length 1 5 34.60 24.30 4.93 2.20 28 39
EM(p) Length 2 11 26.64 141.25 11.89 3.58 12 49
EM(p) Length 3 8 21.38 305.70 17.48 6.18 5 59
EM(p) Length 4 4 13.00 110.67 10.52 5.26 4 24
EW(m) Diameter 1 6 7.17 25.37 5.04 2.06 4 17
EW(m) Diameter 2 10 6.30 2.01 1.42 0.45 5 9
EW(m) Diameter 3 3 7.00 19.00 4.36 2.52 4 12
EW(m) Diameter 4 6 9.17 18.57 4.31 1.76 4 14
EW(m) Diameter 5 3 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 7
EW(m) Length 1 6 33.67 171.87 13.11 5.35 11 51
EW(m) Length 2 10 20.50 92.94 9.64 3.05 4 38
EW(m) Length 3 3 18.00 148.00 12.17 7.02 10 32
EW(m) Length 4 6 18.33 65.07 8.07 3.29 6 29
EW(m) Length 5 3 12.00 4.00 2.00 1.15 10 14
LM(m) Diameter 1 7 4.43 0.95 0.98 0.37 3 6
LM(m) Diameter 2 14 5.57 1.65 1.28 0.34 4 8
LM(m) Diameter 3 10 6.10 5.43 2.33 0.74 4 12
LM(m) Diameter 4 1 1 7.09 7.49 2.74 0.83 4 12
LM(m) Diameter 5 2 6.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 4 8
LM(m) Length 1 7 26.43 14.95 3.87 1.46 21 33
LM(m) Length 2 14 23.21 127.57 11.29 3.02 4 34
LM(m) Length 3 10 17.00 144.00 12.00 3.79 2 37
LM(m) Length 4 11 19.18 215.16 14.67 4.42 4 50
LM(m) Length 5 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
LW(m) Diameter 1 1 9.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9 9
LW(m) Diameter 2 1 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4

 

180

Appendix B Table 33 (Cont).

 

ELU Diam/Length Decay N

LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(P)
LW(P)
LW(P)
LW(P)
LW(P)
LW0!)
LW(P)
LW(p)

LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(VP)
LW(VP)
LW(vp)
LW(VP)
LW(vp)
LW(VP)
LW(VP)
LW(VP)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)

 

Mean Var Std
Diameter 3 10 6.90 7.66 2.77 0.87
Diameter 4 4 5.00 1.33 1.15 0.58
Diameter 5 l 16.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 1 1 42.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 2 l 19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 3 10 21.20 234.40 15.31 4.84
Length 4 4 13.00 89.33 9.45 4.73
Length 5 1 16.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diameter 1 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diameter 2 4 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diameter 3 2 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diameter 4 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 1 2 32.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 2 4 23.75 70.25 8.38 4.19
Length 3 2 21.50 84.50 9.19 6.50
Length 4 2 10.00 8.00 2.83 2.00
Diameter 1 4 6.00 2.67 1.63 0.82
Diameter 2 9 7.00 9.50 3.08 1.03
Diameter 3 1 1 9.55 44.67 6.68 2.02
Diameter 4 8 5.88 3.84 1.96 0.69
Diameter 5 10 7.40 13.60 3.69 1.17
Length 1 4 42.75 550.92 23.47 1 1.74
Length 2 9 22.89 162.1 1 12.73 4.24
Length 3 1 1 15.00 79.80 8.93 2.69
Length 4 8 16.88 135.55 11.64 4.12
Length 5 10 10.50 20.06 4.48 1.42
Diameter 1 8 5.00 1.14 1.07 0.38
Diameter 2 7 4.71 2.24 1.50 0.57
Diameter 3 1 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diameter 4 1 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 1 8 32.13 251.27 15.85 5.60
Length 2 7 22.71 191.24 13.83 5.23
Length 3 1 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 4 1 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diameter 1 5 4.60 0.80 0.89 0.40
Diameter 2 1 1 4.91 0.89 0.94 0.28
Diameter 3 l 1 6.73 4.02 2.00 0.60
Diameter 4 14 5.00 0.77 0.88 0.23
Diameter 5 l 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Length 1 5 27.60 377.30 19.42 8.69
Length 2 11 30.18 118.96 10.91 3.29
Length 3 11 55.73 11834.42 108.79 32.80
Length 4 14 29.43 185.49 13.62 3.64
Length 5 1 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

StdfirMmMax

 

4
4
16
42
19

OxUle'SiSG-hmA450080303A-h-hthQOB-hhw-h-hmGSSMh-h453031»

l4
6
16
42
19
55
26
16
4
4
4
5
32
36
28
12
8
13
23
10
17
75
39
35
37
18
7
8
4
4
49
47
20
8
6
7
10
6
6
61
45
81
51
6

 

181

Appendix B Table 33(Cont).

 

 

ELU Diam/Length Decay N Mean Var Std Std Err Min Max
MM(p) Diameter 1 1 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 5
MM(p) Diameter 2 8 6.63 6.84 2.62 0.92 4 10
MM(p) Diameter 3 5 6.20 0.70 0.84 0.37 5 7
MM(p) Diameter 4 3 5.00 3.00 1.73 1.00 4 7
MM(p) Diameter 5 3 6.67 4.33 2.08 1 .20 5 9
MM(p) Length 1 1 29.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 29 29
MM(p) Length 2 8 26.63 105.98 10.29 3.64 10 37
MM(p) Length 3 5 33.20 28.70 5.36 2.40 25 38
MM(p) Length 4 3 21.00 199.00 14.11 8.14 6 34
MM(p) Length 5 3 1 1.33 76.33 8.74 5.04 4 21
MW(m) Diameter 1 1 1 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1 11
MW(m) Diameter 2 3 8.00 13.00 3.61 2.08 5 12
MW(m) Diameter 3 1 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
MW(m) Diameter 4 2 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
MW(m) Diameter 5 1 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 6
MW(m) Length 1 1 35.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35 35
MW(m) Length 2 3 30.67 282.33 16.80 9.70 16 49
MW(m) Length 3 1 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 20
MW(m) Length 4 2 6.00 8.00 2.83 2.00 4 8
MW(m) Length 5 1 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10 10
MW(p) Diameter 1 1 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 8
MW(p) Diameter 2 3 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 4
MW(p) Diameter 3 6 4.67 0.67 0.82 0.33 4 6
MW(p) Diameter 4 2 7.00 2.00 1.41 1.00 6 8
MW(p) Length 1 1 35.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35 35
MW(p) Length 2 3 29.67 72.33 8.50 4.91 20 36
MW(p) Length 3 6 32.17 114.57 10.70 4.37 19 43
MW(p) Length 4 2 7.00 32.00 5.66 4.00 3 1 1

 

la dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

182

Appendix B Table 34. Coarse woody debris stem density by ELU in logs per vegetation
plot.

 

ELU Density
—ED(p) 40743.72
EM(p) 4837.52
EW(m) 18687.2
LM(m) 8530.04
LW(m) 15305.92
LW(p) 5671.85
LW(pm) 9159.37
LW(vp) 2702.46
MM(m) 6526.62
MM(p) 49517.19
MW(m) 6882.37
MW(p) 7841.16

183

Appendix B Table 35. Coarse woody debris density in logs per vegetation plot by ELU
and decay class'.

 

ELU Decay Density ELU Decay Density

 

1313(9)
139(9)
1313(9)
150(1))
ED(P)
ED(p)
EM(p)
EM(P)
EM(P)
EM(P)
EM(P)
EW(m)
EW(m)
EW(m)
EW(m)
EW(m)
EW(m)
LM(m)
LM(m)
LM(m)
LM(m)
LM(m)
LM(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(m)
LW(p)
LW(P)
LW(p)
L117(1))
LW(p)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(pm)

kWNH° tthJN-d' M-hUJNF“ UI-kWNH- AWN—‘- M-hDJNH

$wNH°

5944.72
8585.41
7079.81
4024.5

5109.28

375.61

1255.94
1694.48
1511.49

2305.73
7252.66
2192.73
4332.78
2603.3

590.67
2167.69
2619.67
2276.13

875.88

243.3
537.82
9357.04
4529.1
638.66

638.66

1858.14
1046.19
2128.87

296.18
1462.81
2515.11
1990.43

LW(pm)
LW(pm)
LW(VP)
LW(VP)
LW(VP)
LW(VP)
LW002)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(m)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MM(p)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(m)
MW(p)
MW(p)
MW(p)
MW(p)
MW(p)

5

M-bWNI—' MAWNH° MkWNH° #WN—‘°

AWN—°

2894.84

1071.49

1183.91
127.73

319.33

675.31
1202.83
2274.49

1909.5
464.48

1409.46
5307.34
6302.18
9791.69
6706.53

291.96
1225.67
510.93
3831.96
1021.86

291.96
1104.43
2109.63
4335.14

 

'a dot ()

184

indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

Appendix B Table 36. Coarse woody debris density in logs per vegetation plot by unit
number'.

 

Unit No. Density

 

1 180.19
2 680.1
3 212.89
4 21.65
5 .
6 583.53
7 980.15
8 125.45
9 1093.27
1 1 530.7
13 797.95
16 1017.87
17 1096.93
18 816.31
19 916.51
20 1419.39
21 1547.41
22 1622.2
23 1273.24
24 562.02
28 763.98
30 336.68
31 250.57
32 .
34 438.23
38 713.95
39 2442.25
40 1297.43
45 1743.81
46 2105.6
47 357.67
48 372.61

 

I'a dot (.) indicates either that data was nonexistent, or was unable to be calculated.

185

Appendix B Table 37. Coarse woody debris density in logs per vegetation plot by unit
number and decay class.

 

Unit No. Decay Density Unit No. Decay Density

 

1 1 36.495 18 2 67.227—
1 2 79.832 18 3 456.653
1 3 63.866 18 4 262.01
2 2 73.376 19 1 64.962
2 4 478.99 19 2 160.154
2 5 127.73 19 3 106.443
3 3 212.887 19 4 350.78
4 3 21.649 19 5 234.18
6 2 232.267 20 1 223.254
6 3 85.155 20 2 746.429
6 4 266.11 20 3 167.648
7 1 36.495 20 4 190.82
7 2 138.054 20 5 91.24
7 3 263.704 21 1 44.045
7 4 541.89 21 2 478.354
8 1 79.832 21 3 196.943
8 3 45.619 21 4 305.99
9 3 933.606 21 5 522.08
9 4 159.66 22 1 187.807
11 1 106.443 22 2 470.432
11 2 111.631 22 3 527.547
11 3 168.941 22 4 436.42
11 4 143.68 23 1 185.773
13 1 98.255 23 2 268.294
13 2 664.21 23 3 221.244
13 3 35.481 23 4 438.27
16 1 139.21 23 5 159.66
16 2 168.274 24 2 157.536
16 3 138.545 24 3 85.155
16 4 571.84 24 4 319.33
17 3 712.976 28 1 127.732
17 4 304.12 28 2 476.58
17 5 79.83 28 4 159.66
18 1 30.412 30 1 245.638

 

186

Appendix B Table 37 (Cont).
Unit no. Decay Density

30 2 27.177

 

 

30 3 63.866
31 1 162.376
31 2 88.196
34 1 55.536
34 2 170.009
34 3 150.642
34 4 62.04
38 1 63.866
38 2 271.392
38 3 112.584
38 4 53.22
38 5 212.89
39 1 45.619
39 2 222.39
39 3 1 198.8
39 4 464.51
39 5 510.93
40 1 145.15
40 2 207.877
40 3 143.21
40 4 801.19
45 1 41.204
45 2 195.837
45 3 898.1
45 4 437.6
45 5 171.07
46 2 502.818
46 3 198.69
46 4 127.73
46 5 1276.35
47 1 77.856
47 3 85.62
47 4 194.19
48 1 29.03
48 2 32.752
48 3 75.14
48 4 235.7

 

187

Appendix B Table 38. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 0.

 

ELU CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

'B—D(p) 0 0.97 0.03 0.33 0.07 0 0 0 0.07 0.10
EM(p) 0.05 0.89 0.22 0.22 0.02 0.01 0 0.03 0.10 0.14
EW(m) 0.05 0.52 0.38 0.33 0.02 0 0 0.18 0.40 0.10
LM(m) 0.02 0.96 0.18 0.20 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.06 0.02
LW(m) 0.02 0.96 0.25 0.08 0 0 o 0 0.27 0.02
LW(p) 0 0.48 0.05 0.20 0.10 0 0 0.03 0.77 0.17
LW(pm) 0.01 0.65 0.31 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.60 0.01
LW(vp) 0.01 0.14 0.07 0.15 0.13 0 0 0 0.92 0.01
MM(m) 0.02 0.87 0.27 0.28 0.01 0 0 0 0.07 0.01
MM(p) 0.03 0.90 0.03 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.28 0.13
MW(m) 0.02 0.93 0.34 0.34 0.02 0 0 0.02 0.02 0.02
MW(p) 0.02 0.25 0.15 0.23 0.07 0 0 0.02 0.85 0.17

 

Appendix B Table 39. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 1.

 

 

 

BTU CW-D Litter Grass Pfis Shrubs frees Rocks Soil Moss Slash
ED(p) 0 0.2 0.3 0.57—"W 0.1 0 0 0 0

EM(p) 0 0.23 0.3 0.54 0.19 0.2 0 0 0.08 0.21
EW(m) 0.017 0.2 0.6 0.55 0.47 0.2 0 0 0.08 0.13
LM(m) 0 0.09 0.2 0.78 0.25 0.1 0 0 0 0.04
LW(m) 0 0.07 0.7 0.69 0.24 0.1 0 0 0.18 0.02
LW(p) 0 0.17 0.2 0.42 0.55 0.1 0 0 0.32 0.32
LW(pm) 0.003 0 0.4 0.48 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.1 0.01
LW(vp) 0.002 0 0.2 0.36 0.47 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.01
MM(m) 0.01 0.02 0.4 0.80 0.36 0.1 0 0 0 0

MM(p) 0.03 0.09 0 0.26 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.16
MW(m) 0.01 0.07 0.4 0.81 0.33 0 0 0.02 0.02 0.07
MW(p) 0 0.02 0.4 0.33 0.55 0.1 0 0 0.7 0.3

 

188

Appendix B Table 40. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 2.

 

ELU CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

BBQ» 0 0 0 0.2 0.07 0 0 0 0.03 0.23
EM(p) 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.3 0 0 0 0
EW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.23 0.2 0 0 ' 0 0
LM(m) 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.31 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(p) 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(pm) 0.002 0 0 0.005 0.08 0.1 0 0 0 0
LW(vp) 0 o o 0 0.02 0.1 0 0 0 0
MM(m) 0 0 0 0.002 0.22 0.2 0 0 0 0
MM(p) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.48 0 0 0 0 0
MW(p) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0

 

Appendix B Table 41. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 3.

 

FLU CWD Litter Grass F orbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

BBQ» 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.3 0 0 0 0.03
EM(p) 0 0 0 0 0.07 0.4 0 0 0 0
EW(m) 0 0 0 o 0.08 0.3 0 0 0 0
LM(m) 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.3 0 0 0 0
LW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(p) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.1 0 0 0 0
LW(pm) 0.002 0 0 0 0.05 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(vp) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.1 0 0 0 0
MM(m) 0 0 0 0 0.09 0.2 0 0 0 0
MM(p) 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MW(m) 0 0 o 0 0.36 0.1 0 0 0 0
MW(p) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.1 0 0 0 0

 

189

Appendix B Table 42. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 4.

 

Bu} CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

BT36) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.3 0 0 0 0
EM(p) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.3 0 0 0 0
EW(m) o 0 0 0 0.13 0.2 0 0 0 0
LM(m) 0 0 0 o 0.02 0.3 0 0 o 0
LW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.13 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(p) 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0
LW(pm) 0 0 o o 0.02 0.4 0 0 0 o
LW(vp) 0 o 0 0 0.04 0.1 0 0 0 0
MM(m) 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.1 0 0 0 0
MM(p) o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01
MW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.1 0 0 0 0
MW(p) 0 0 0 o 0.03 0.1 0 o 0 0

 

Appendix B Table 43. Understory cover means by ELU and understory cover class at
strata level 5.

 

EU CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

BD(p) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.3 0 0 0 0
EM(p) o 0 0 0 0.03 0.3 0 0 0 0
EW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.2 0 0 0 0
LM(m) 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.3 0 0 0 0
LW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.07 0.2 0 0 0 0
LW(p) 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.1 0 0 0 0
LW(pm) 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.4 0 0 0 0
LW(vp) 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.2 0 0 0 0
MM(m) 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.1 0 0 0 0
MM(p) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MW(m) 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.1 0 0 0 o
MW(p) 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.1 0 0 0 0

 

190

Appendix B Table 44. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 0.

 

Unit no. CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

1 0 0.9 0.2 0.43 0.1 0 0 0.07 0 0.1
2 0 0.9 0.38 0.32 0 0 0 0 0.03 0
3 0 0.9 0.2 0.27 0.07 0 0 0.1 . 0.03 0.2
4 0 0.9 0.43 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
5 0 0 0.27 0.03 0.03 0 0 0.03 0.97 0
6 0 0.6 0.07 0.13 0.1 0 0 0.07 0.87 0.1
7 0 0.5 0.03 0.43 0.1 0 0 0 0.73 0.3
8 0 0.4 0.03 0.27 0.1 0 0 0 0.67 0.2
9 0 0.5 0.28 0.32 0 0 O 0 0.08 0
1 l 0 1 0.18 0.27 0.01 0 0 0 0.04 0
13 0 1 0.5 0.57 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
16 0 1 0.1 0.37 0.1 0 0 0 0.07 0
17 0 1 0.19 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.12 0
18 0 0.9 0.35 0.15 0 0 0 0 0.52 0.1
19 O l 0.5 0.3 0.23 0.03 0 0 0.13 0.5 0.2
20 0 0.5 0.47 0.43 0 0 0 0.23 0.3 0
21 0 0.9 0.03 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.28 0.1
22 0.2 0.8 0.17 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.1
23 0 1 0.03 0.33 0.07 0 0 0 0.07 0.1
24 0 0.9 0.07 0.13 0 0 0 0.03 0.17 0.1
28 0 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.03 0 0 0 0.9 0
30 0 0.1 0.08 0.18 0.25 0 0 0 0.95 0
31 0 0.1 0.05 0.24 0.14 0 0 0 0.97 0
32 0 0.2 0.09 0.13 0.14 0 0 0 0.89 0
34 0 0.7 0.05 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.01 0
38 0 1 0.35 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.09 0
39 O l 0.33 0.27 0.07 0 0 0 0.17 0
40 0 0.9 0.3 0.23 0.07 0.1 0 0 0.23 0.1
45 0 0.6 0.29 0.1 1 0.01 0 0 0 0.63 0
46 0 0.8 0.1 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.63 0
47 0 0.5 0.49 0.27 0.01 0 0 0.01 0.59 0
48 0 0.7 0.52 0.34 0 0 0 0 0.47 0

 

191

Appendix B Table 45. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover
class at strata level 1.

 

 

Unit no. CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Sol Moss Slash
1 0 0.23 0.3 0.667 0.5 0.03 0 0.07 0 0.23
2 0.01 0.02 0.39 0.859 0.27 0.01 0 0 0.022 0.02
3 0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.27 0.23 0 0 0.067 0.23
4 0 0.07 0.4 0.733 0.23 0.17 0 0 0 0.07
5 0 0.03 0.83 0.1 0.53 0.07 0 0 0.967 0.07
6 0 0.17 0.3 0.367 0.47 0.17 0 0 0.433 0.3
7 0 0 0.03 0.567 0.57 0.07 0 0 0.433 0.53
8 0 0.17 0.07 0.467 0.63 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.33
9 0 0.01 0.33 0.799 0.31 0.24 0 0 0 0
1 1 0.01 0 0.42 0.838 0.38 0.1 0 0 0.006 0.01
13 0 0.27 0.33 0.633 0.33 0.13 0 0 0 0.2
16 0 0.27 0.23 0.767 0.67 0.2 0 0 0 0
17 0 0.03 0.64 0.766 0.25 0.06 0 0 0.006 0
18 0 0.15 0.68 0.554 0.21 0.11 0 0 0.478 0.07
19 0.03 0.3 0.53 0.533 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.167 0.2
20 0 0.1 0.6 0.567 0.53 0.1 0 0 0 0.07
21 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.261 0 0.01 0 0 0.01 1 0.16
22 0 0.2 0.2 0.433 0.17 0.1 0 0 0.067 0.27
23 0 0.2 0.27 0.567 0.37 0.13 0 0 0 0.23
24 0 0.47 0.13 0.4 0.1 0.27 0 0 0.167 0.27
28 0 0 0.43 0.474 0.17 0.13 0 0 0.058 0
30 0.01 0 0.1 1 0.239 0.57 0.05 0 0 0.478 0.02
31 0 0.02 0.08 0.185 0.54 0.05 0 0 0.098 0.01
32 0 0 0.1 0.478 0.8 0.24 0 0 0.25 0.03
34 0 0 0.12 0.583 0.17 0.04 0 0 0 0
38 0.01 0 0.37 0.787 0.34 0.12 0 0 0.005 0
39 0 0.3 0.33 0.7 0.53 0.1 0 0 0 0.07
40 0 0.37 0.4 0.333 0.17 0.1 0 0 0 0.1
45 0 0.01 0.59 0.623 0.28 0.04 0 0 0.175 0.01
46 0 0 0.22 0.282 0.16 0.34 0 0 0.032 0
47 0.01 0 0.42 0.597 0.25 0.1 1 0 0 0.1 17 0
48 0 0.02 0.48 0.5 0.1 0.33 0 0 0.109 0.04

 

192

Appendix B Table 46. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover

class at strata level 2.

 

Unit no. CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

0.2
0.1

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.2
0.15

0.16

0.2

0.01

0.1

11
13
16
17
18
19
20

0.33

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.44

0.2

0

0.2

0.1
0.13

0.33

0.01

0.2
0.1

21

0.3

0.03

22
23

0.1

0.2
0.03
0.06

0.5

24
28

0.1

0.1

30
31

0.1

0.1

32
34
38
39
40

0.1

0.02
0.31

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.1 1 0.1
0.07

0.01

0.01

45

0.1

46

0.1 0.1
0.02

0.01

47

0.2

48

 

193

 

Unit no. CWD Litter Grass F orbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

Appendix B Table 47. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover

class at strata level 3.

0.1

0.36
0.17

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.07
0.07
0.03
0.08

0.1

0.2
0.1

11

0.3

0.1

13
16
17
18
19
20
21

0.2
0.2
0.3

0.1
0.37
0.17
0.07

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.5

22
23

0.3

0.03

0.5

24
28

0.1

0.09

0.1

30
31

0.1

0.1

32
34
38
39
40

0.1

0.2

0.14

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.2
0.3

0.06
0.06
0.06

45

46
47

0.1

0.2

48

 

194

 

Unit no. CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

Appendix B Table 48. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover

class at strata level 4.

0.1

0.27
0.02
0.03
0.07

 

0.1

0.2
0.2

0.1

0.1

0.07

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.02

11
13
16
17
18
19
20
21

0.2
0.2

0.07
0.16

0.2

0.3

0.1
0.07

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

22
23

0.3

0.03

0.4
0.1

24
28

0.1

0.1

30
31

0.1

0.1

32
34
38
39

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0.1

0.02

0.4
0.5

0.2

0.4
0.5

45

0.05
0.01

0.2

47

0.4

48

 

195

 

Unit no. CWD Litter Grass Forbs Shrubs Trees Rocks Soil Moss Slash

 

Appendix B Table 49. Understory cover means by unit number and understory cover

class at strata level 5.

0.1

0.3

0.07
0.03

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.03
0.03

0.1

0.1

0.1

11

0.1

13
16
17
18
19
20
21

0.1

0.07
0.09

0.04

0.2

0.2
0.2

0

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0.07

0.5

22
23

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0.03

0.4
0.2

24
28

0.04

0

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30
31

0.3

0.3

32
34
38

0.2
0.2
0.5

0.13

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.02

0.3

0.3

48

 

196

Appendix B Table 50. Percent canopy cover summary by ELU. Tallveg is percent
canopy cover above 4.88 m, and allveg is percent canopy cover when any cover at all was
detected.

 

ELU Allveg=1 Tallveg=1

Tm) 0.80 0.67
EM(p) 0.93 0.85
EW(m) 0.83 0.70
LM(m) 0.88 0.78
LW(m) 0.87 0.67
LW(p) 0.80 0.77
LW(pm) 0.80 0.58
LW(vp) 0.52 0.48
MM(m) 0.84 0.78
MM(p) 0.73 0.73
MW(m) 0.97 0.90
MW(p) 0.73 0.70

 

 

197

Appendix B Table 51. Percent canopy cover summary by unit number. Tallveg is percent
canopy cover above 4.88 m, and allveg is percent canopy cover when any cover at all was
detected.

 

Unit No Allveg=l Tallveg=1

 

1 0.80 0.80
2 0.67 0.60
3 0.67 0.67
4 0.93 0.87
5 0.67 0.53
6 0.67 0.47
7 0.87 0.73
8 1.00 0.60
9 0.73 0.67
1 1 0.93 0.73
13 0.93 0.87
16 1.00 0.93
17 0.93 0.67
18 0.80 0.67
19 0.60 0.53
20 0.47 0.47
21 0.67 0.60
22 0.33 0.33
23 1.00 0.93
24 0.87 0.80
28 0.93 0.80
30 0.93 0.87
31 0.73 0.73
32 0.73 0.73
34 0.73 0.60
38 0.93 0.93
39 0.87 0.80
40 0.87 0.87
45 0.87 0.73
46 0.93 0.73
47 0.87 0.80
48 0.80 0.67

 

198

Appendix B Table 52. Mean soil moisture and pH by ELU.

 

ELU Moisture pH
_E_Df(p) 49.7 6.5
EM(p) 38.5 6.2
EW(m) 48.3 6.5
LM(m) 56.7 6.2
LW(m) 63.7 6.6
LW(p) 46.8 6.3
LW(pm) 47.8 7.2
LW(vp) 56.4 5.3
MM(m) 47.5 6.6
MM(p) 37.5 5.8
MW(m) 49.6 6.2
MW(p) 53.3 6.0

 

199

Appendix B Table 53. Mean soil moisture and pH by unit number.

 

Unit No Moisture pH

 

1

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58.33
31.67
21.67
50.67
51.67
56.00
42.00
59.67
48.00
53.33
56.67
65.33
59.33
55.00
41.67
45.00
56.67
49.67
44.00
56.67
56.33
50.00
68.33
59.33
60.67
50.67
66.00
55.00
53.33
56.50
43.67

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6.20
5.13
6.67
5.90
6.43
6.13
6.20
5.67
6.53
6.27
6.43
6.37
6.53
6.23
6.67
5.70
6.30
6.47
6.53
5.97
5.07
5.87
5.03
6.07
6.33
6.27
6.07
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6.50
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6.57

 

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555.5 5.5 55 .555 .55 55 T052555 55.5 55.5 5 55.5 55.5 5 <00< .5850
..555 ..5- 55 555.5 5.5- 55 5u55>=< 52<
55.5 ..5 55 555.5 .55 55 .u05>..< 505550
55.5 55.5 5 .355 55.5 5 .0500 55850
5.55 55.5 5. .555 ..5- 5. 55850
.585 5.5 55 555.5 5.5- 55 55850 55.5 55.5 .. 55.5 55.5- .. .0500
6 5 5. 6 .. 0 6 .. 5. 6 5 5.
>555. >5...
.52 3-0 .52 3-5

 

.0550. 55 5.555 0 5.5803

221

 

ev6d emd mm memd Nd Nm mu 5ed ee.e- m ee.e 86 m 0966-5.
5N6ed 35d mm Newd med Nm nub 6nd 56d- 56 5Nd wad- 56 6.9.6.96
~356d end- mm .med 6d- mm mu V5d 3d w eNd 9d- w <906
vwd ved mm mwed ee.e mm an e5..e Ed- 5 3d 25d. 5 (.3666
med emd m m5d emd m 55.9.5.9
me6d vmd mm 65ed de Nm Nu emd evd m e6.e e5.e w 629.56
vm6d wmd mm Nwed wed mm Nu ee.e wed 5 mad end 5 «.699
5w6d qmd- mm vemd N6d mm Nu mud wmd 66 65d m6d 66 <99... 5.3603

5eed mmd- mm N6md N6d an an

222

.50d 5.? mm 35.0 ee.e mm Nu mmd 5wd m 8.. ee.e m 0966.6-
mw6d vmd- mm memd mmd mm ".6 mad 6~d 56 wmd 06d 5. 6M6-6.96
ev6d emd- mm .65d 6d- mm no mmd wvd w 56d vmd w «.996
.Neeed 6ed mm mmed Sud mm .H wmed 05d- 5 60d med 5 $266
e05d med- mm «5.3 6d- mm 6" e6.e ewd- n e6.e 3.? m .6955
emvd 3.? mm w6d vmd mm 6n9 m5d end- 5 and end- m 62.66
mved wed mm 5wmd e mm 6H6. 0ed 06d- 5 60d 5nd 5 55.699
vwmd ..e- mm N5ed 6d- mm 6nm end mmd- 66 wed end- 6. «99¢. 505055.09
50.0065
55
vwed 6md- mm mwed wed mm 6" 000cm
6 5 .. 6 .. 5. 6 .. 5. 6 0 5.
£605.. >660...
.02 3% .02 3%

 

.0550. 55 5.555 0 5.55500...

 

 

5eed md- m 5eed md- 0926.
.v6d 5nd 56 36d mmd 56.6.06
mavd 0.5-d w mmwd 6d «.996
5mmd ad. 5 ...emed 05d «.266
vmed md m and md- 55165.9
505d Nd- m 665d md- 6206
06wd 6 6d- 5 5mmd med 55.699
mmmd ad 6 6 85.0 ..e- <mm<

06nd 6d- mm 5m6d md- 0.5.5.02

56wd wed- mm 6de N6d 666 5ed end- m 5ed emd- m 006.66.
mmd e6.e 56 end 5~d 56 6M6.6-O6

w65d 5ed mm 55med md- "6. mad med- w wad .ed- w <906

mad Ned mm 5mmd Nd- mum e5d 3d- 5 Led 5wd- 5 <25
56d N5d m mmd end m 519.516

w6~d mmd mm .vad m6d vum mmd end- m mmd end- m 62.66

Nv6d 5nd mm Nvad e- .N.6. w5d m6d 5 mmd Nvd 5 5.699

e5ed wed- mm m6d md- Yum .md wmd 66 end mud 66 <99... b.5000 80%

6 0 .5 6 5 6 .. 0 6 ..

566.... 365.56
.02 3% .02 B-m

 

.0550. 55 5.555 0 5.55503

223

Appendix B Table 56. Total number of herps found in timed searches by species.

 

 

ELU Species No.
13730) Wood frog 8
ED(p) Total 8
EM(p) American toad 6
Spring peeper 1
Wood frog 3
EM(p) Total 10
EW(m) American toad 3
Wood frog 3
EW(m) Total 6
LM(m) American toad 3
Spring peeper 2
Wood fiog 24
LM(m) Total 29
LW(m) American toad 1
LW(m) Total 1
LW(p) Boreal chorus fi'og 1
Wood frog 1
LW(p) Total 2
LW(pm) American toad 3
Wood frog 4
LW(pm) Total 7
LW(vp) None
LW(vp) Total
MM(m) American toad 2
Spring peeper 1
Wood frog 3
MM(m) Total 6
MM(p) American toad 5
Spring peeper 1
Wood frog 1
MM(p) Total 7
MW(m) Boreal chorus frog 1
MW(m) Total 1
MW(p) American toad 2
Wood frog 2
MW(p) Total 4
Grand Total 81

 

224

Appendix B Table 57. Total number of herps found in plot searches by species.

 

 

EU Species No.
ED(p) American toad l

Blue-spotted salamander 1

Wood frog 1
ED(p) Total 3
EM(p) American toad 3

Wood fiog 1
EM(p) Total 4
EW(m) None 0
EW(m) Total 0
LM(m) American toad 7

Wood frog 7
LM(m) Total 14
LW(m) American toad 1

Wood frog 2
LW(m) Total 3
LW(p) American toad 8

Spring peeper 3

Wood frog 1
LW(p) Total 12
LW(pm) American toad l
LW(pm) Total 1
LW(vp) None 0
LW(vp) Total 0
MM(m) Wood frog 2
MM(m) Total 2
MM(p) American toad 2

Wood frog 3
MM(p) Total 5
MW(m) American toad 3
MW(m) Total 3
MW(p) American toad 2

Wood frog 1
MW(p) Total 3
Grand Total 50

 

225

 

Appendix B Table 58. Total number of herps found in traps by species.

 

 

EU Species No. ELU _ Species No.
flip) American toad 11 LW(pm) Total 29
Blue-spotted 5 LW(Vp) American toad 39
salamander
Unk. fi'og sp. 2 Wood frog 6
Wood frog 36 LW(vp) Total 45
ED(p) Total 54 MM(m) American toad 12
EM(p) American toad 69 Blue-spotted l
salamander
Blue-spotted 1 Spring peeper 1
salamander '
Spring peeper 1 Wood frog 17
Wood frog 31 MM(m) Total 31
EM(p) Total 102 MM(p) American toad 21
EW(m) American toad 66 Blue-spotted l
salamander
N. leopard frog 1 Wood frog 11
Wood frog 34 MM(p) Total 33
EW(m) Total 101 MW(m) American toad 13
LM(m) American toad 49 Spring peeper 1
Blue-spotted 1 Wood frog 2
salamander
E. garter snake 1 MW(m) Total 16
Spring peeper 2 MW(p) American toad 26
Wood frog 105 Wood frog 7
LM(m) Total 158 MW(p) Total 33
LW(m) American toad 13 Grand Total 67 5
Swing peeper 1
Wood frog 25
LW(m) Total 39
LW(p) American toad l9
Blue-spotted 1
salamander
Wood frog 14
LW(p) Total 34
LW(pm) American toad 21
Blue-spotted 1
salamander
N. leopard frog 1
Wood frog 6

 

226

 

 

Appendix B Table 59. Total number of herps found in incidental sightings by species.

 

 

 

ELU Species No. ELU Species No.
flip) American toad 6 Wood fiog 8
Blue-spotted 2 MM(m) Total 18
salamander
Wood fi'og 27 MM(p) American toad 7
ED(p) Total 35 Spring peeper l
EM(p) American toad 24 Wood frog 1
Spring peeper 3 MM(p) Total 9
Unk. fi'og sp. 1 MW(m) American toad 4 5...
Wood frog 21 Wood frog 2
EM(p) Total 49 MW(m) Total 6
EW(m) American toad 7 MW(p) American toad 4
Spring peeper 1 Wood fi'og 8
Wood frog 7 MW(p) Total 12
EW(m) Total 15 Grand Total 279
LM(m) American toad 18 i
N. leopard frog 1 -'-—-~-
Wood frog 49
LM(m) Total 68
LW(m) American toad 5
Wood frog 5
LW(m) Total 10
LW(p) American toad 9
Spring peeper 1
Wood fi‘og 9
LW(p) Total 19
LW(pm) American toad 19
Blue-spotted 1
salamander
E. garter snake 1
Wood frog 9
LW(pm) 30
Total
LW(vp) American toad 5
E. garter snake 1
Spring peeper 1
Wood frog 1
LWM?) 8
Total
MM(m) American toad 6
E. garter snake 2
N. leopard frog 1
Spring peeper 1

 

227

Appendix B Table 60. Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix for ELUs.

 

 

Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
TRINI 14.2551 6.05411 0.263984 0.263984
PRIN2 8.2010 0.97777 0.151871 0.415855
PRIN3 7.2233 0.79377 0.133764 0.549618
PRIN4 6.4295 2.17743 0.119065 0.668683
PRINS 4.2521 0.078742 0.747425

 

Appendix B Table 61 . Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix for unit numbers.

 

 

 

mnvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
TRINI 9.28790 2.8278 0.201911 0.201911
PRIN2 6.45911 2.11840 0.140416 0.342326
PRIN3 4.34071 0.54303 0.094363 0.436690
PRIN4 3.79769 0.50303 0.082558 0.519248
PRINS 3.29466 0.76601 0.071623 0.590871
131mm 2.52865 0.23272 0.054971 0.645842
PRIN7 2.29593 0.41267 0.049911 0.695753
PRIN8 1.88326 0.040940 0.736694

 

228

Appendix B Table 62. ELUs and corresponding symbols for principal components
analyses graphs.

ELU Symbol
ED(p)
EM(p)
LM(m)
EW(m)
LW(m)
LW(pm)
LWon)
LW(VP)
MM(P)
MM(m)
MW(m)
W (P)

 

 

FWH~EQfimUOw>

229

 

 

I: J. J.'1A- '\ .2113an—

Appendix B Table 63. Unit numbers and given symbols for principal componenets
analyses graphs by unit number.

 

 

 

Unit no. Symbol Unit no. Symbol
1 A 40 3
2 B 45 4
3 C 46 5
4 D 47 6
5 E 48 7
6 F
7 G
8 H
9 I
1 1 J
13 K
16 L
17 M
18 N

19 O
20 P

21 Q
22 R
23 S

24 T
28 U
30 V
31 W
32 X
34 Y
38 Z
39 2

 

230

 

'ET' I.- :- c
:1

PRIN2

 

 

10 ~-
I
5 ..
J A
B
O .. K F D
LG
H E
5 ..
1 1 1
l l l
-5 0 5
PRINl

Observation C is hidden behind observation B.

Appendix B Figure 1. Plot of the first two principal components by ELU:
PRIN2’PRIN1. See Appendix B Table 60 for ELUs corresponding with symbols.

231

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRIN3
10 J.
K
5 ..
L J E F“
0 1- G D j
I B L
H A
F
-5 .4
l I
I I l
-5 O 5
PRINl

Observation C is hidden behind observation B.

Appendix B Figure 2. Plot of the first and third principal components by ELU:
PRIN3‘PRIN 1. See Appendix B Table 60 for ELUs corresponding with symbols.

232

 

 

PRIN3
10 +
K
5 ..
E 1. .1
-- G 0
so I
H A
F
I I I L
I I l I
-5 0 5 10
PRIN2

Appendix B Figure 3. Plot of the second and third principal components by ELU:
PRIN3‘PRIN2. See Appendix B Table 60 for ELUs corresponding with symbols.

233

.,

 

 

10+

 

 

PRINZ 5
R
4 T
E XV F 0 Y 6 0
0 «F W U I N
H G JC Z K
DP
8 M
A
o .-
I I I I
7 l I I
-10 -5 0 5
PRINl
5 observations hidden.

Appendix B Figure 4. Plot of first two principal components by unit number:
PRINPPRINI. See Appendix B Table 61 for unit numbers associated with symbols.

234

 

 

 

 

 

5 .-
G LT
PRIN3 H R
C
X F KSO 3
V W
0 -- A P
0 Y N
E U J D
B
64 5 M
I
5 ..
| I
T I I I
-10 -5 O 5
PRIN1
3 observations hidden.

Appendix B Figure 5. Plot of the first and third principal components by unit number:
PRIN3‘PRIN 1. See Appendix B Table 61 for unit numbers associated with symbols.

235

 

PRIN3

 

 

 

4 observations hidden.

0‘—

PRIN2

o—III—

Appendix B Figure 6. Plot of the second and third principal components by unit number:
PRIN3*PRIN2. See Appendix B Table 61 for tmit numbers associated with symbols.

236