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This is to certify that the

thesis entitled

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE PACKAGE TO PREDICT
TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN TRAILERS, BOXCARS, OR CONTAINERS

presented by

Raymond Lai—ming Cheung

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

Master degree in Packaging

gffi/jyz

Major prlwf/ ssor

 

 

Date November 23, 1992

 

0-7639 MS U is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution

 

 

 

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Michigan State 1'
University ‘

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PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record.
TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due.

 

 

DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ll

 

 

 

 

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MSU Is An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution

cxIMpma-pn

 

DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE PACKAGE TO PREDICT

TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN TRAILERS, BOXCARS, OR CONTAINERS

BY

Raymond Lai-ming Cheung

A Thesis

Submitted to

Michigan State University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

Master of Science

School of Packaging

1992

ABSTRACT
DEVELOPMENT 01“ SOFTWARE PACKAGE TO PREDICT
TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN TRAILERS, BOXCARS, 0R CONTAINERS
by
Raymond Lai-ming Cheung

Packaging engineers need to. be ‘well informed about the
temperature levels and changes that a product would observe
during transportation. This information is critical to design
effective packaging and to ensure the safe arrival of products

at destination.

The purpose of this thesis was to develop a user-friendly
software for packaging engineers that predicts temperature
changes for packaged products shipped in trailers, box cars,
or containers. The program is written in ’C’ computer
language for the Windows“I environment. It provides the user
with.the familiar’Macintosh like features such as dialog boxes
for data entry and mouse for pointing device. The program
uses weather data, geographic locations, product information,
trailer capacity, travelling speed, etc., to predict the
temperature variation. of ‘the packaged. products while in

transit.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would.like to thank Dr. 8. Paul Singh, Dr. Gary Burgess, and
Dr. Galen.Brown for their guidance and advice. Especially Dr.

Singh for his patience throughout the years.

I would also like to thank Dr. Charles Webb and Keith.Williams
for hiring me to work in the MSU Alumni Association as
.Automated.0ffice Systems.Assistant, and.the.rest of the alumni
staff for their friendships and care. Without this employment
opportunity, my last two years as a graduate student may not

have become reality.

Finally, I would like to thank my parents, my brother, and my

sister for their unconditional love and support.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . .

1.1 Advantage of Windows"I for the

1.2 Advantage of WindowS" for the

2.0 Development of software package .
2.1 Definition . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Development . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Development of PACKTEMP . . .

2.5 Description of Input . . .

3.0 Use of Software Package . . . . .
3.1 Installation . . . . . . . .

3.2 General Information . . . . .

APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX B . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX C . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX D . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF REFERENCES . . . . . . . . .

iv

User . . .

Programmer

PAGE

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

1.

10.

11.

12.

13.

List of city names, city numbers, and airport

codes used in PACKTEMP . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Day of Year Determination . . . . . . . . . . .
Approximate Amount of Respiration Heat Produced
by Fruits and Vegetables at Various Temperatures
Specific Heat Above and Below Freezing of Select
Items and the Recommended Transit Temperatures .
Specific Heat Above and Below Freezing of Select
Dairy Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thermal Conductivity of Select Materials . . . .

Sample Run 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Run 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Run 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SAmple Run 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Run 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Run 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sample Run 7 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

Page

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1. Windows Environment . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Flow Chart of Program Development . . . .
3. Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Product and Travel Information Dialog Box
5. Default Settings of Trailer Dialog Box .
6. Dialog Box Showing Path to PACKTEMP . . .
7. PACKTEMP Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. PACKTEMP Screen . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. PACKTEMP Screen with Pulldown Menu . . .
10. Weather Map of January . . . . . . . . .
11. Weather Map of February . . . . . . . . .
12. Weather Map of March . . . . . . . . . .
13. Weather Map of April . . .‘. . . . . . .
14. Weather Map of May . . . . . . . . . . .
15. Weather Map of June . . . . . . . . . . .
16. Weather Map of July . . . . . . . . . . .
17. Weather Map of August . . . . . . . . . .
18. Weather Map of September . . . . . . . .
19. Weather Map of October . . . . . . . . .
20. Weather Map of November . . . . . . . . .
21. Weather Map of December . . . . . . . . .

vi

82

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this research was to develop a user-friendly
software application program (PACKTEMP) that uses temperature
data from ‘the ‘Weather' Bureau(UPS, 1976) to ‘predict air
temperature variation in a trailer. It was determined that
Windows” 3.0" would be used as a desirable interface. The

reasons are listed as below:

1.1 Advantage of Windows" For the User:

IBM-DOSO/MS-Doswisk Operating System)" has always been a
hurdle for computer-illiterates because of the lengthy text-
based commands and details it demands for a user to be
efficient(Petzold, 1991). Windows", however, revolutionizes
the MS-DOS® computing environment by providing a Graphical
User Interface(GUI) very similar to that of an Apple©
Macintosh?‘ that has long been recognized for its user-
friendliness. This new environment removes the barrier that

has always separated the technology from the general user.

Windows“ does not replace DOS®. WindowS“ builds itself above
DOS® and makes D080 transparent to the user. D080 still does
the file management, but.WindowS" takes over the management of
other resources such as communicating with the keyboard,
monitor, memory, mouse, printer, etc. The user no longer is

required to know specific commands to open a file, or start an

2
application. Instead, the user simply points the cursor with
the mouse to a certain icon, or selects a command from the
menus offered by Windows“. The user-friendliness of Windows“
explains why it has emerged quickly as the most popular
graphical user interface environment for MS-DOS® since its

introduction in 1985.

Multitasking is another advantage‘Windows" offers. As a user
gets sophisticated, he/she would soon realize the need for
fast switching between different software to accomplish the
task at hand. For example, an accountant might transfer
blocks of data from a spreadsheet to a word-processing
document for a financial report; or’a programmer might need to
switch back and forth between a word processor and a compiler
to debug and run a program. Under Windows“, every application
has its own window, and can run concurrently with other
programs. Not only can these programs coexist, Windowsnl also
allows easy data exchange between different applications.
Text and graphics could be moved easily by selecting them with
the mouse, and copied from one window to another, as long as

the receiving application is able to handle the information.

WindowS" also provides a consistent fundamental look and feel
for most applications. A rectangular box, scroll bar on the

side, caption bar on top, dialog boxes, push buttons, etc. are

3
used as shown in Figure 1. This kind of similarity makes the
learning of a new software relatively easy. Once a Windowsnl
user learns the basics and meaning of the WindowS” commands,

he/she can easily apply that knowledge to other programs.

Finally, the GUI provides a better use of the graphics
capability of the computer. WindowS" graphics usage departs
conceptually from the traditional use of the monitor as a
device to echo keystrokes typed through the keyboard.
WYSIWYG(what you see is what you get) video display of
information shows the user exactly what the output would be
like. WindowS“ thus builds a much more intimate relationship
between the user and a program by letting the user interact

directly with the objects on the display.

1.2 Advantage of Windows" For the Programmer:

The more user-friendly an environment is, the more details the
programmer needs to attend to in general. In order to make
the program flow easily, the programmer has to consider all
the possible options a user might desire and code them into
the program. Fortunately, Windows", together with the
Windows" Software Development Kit(SDK)“‘, provides abundant
built-in routines and library functions for the programmer to
call upon. Hewever, most programmers would initially find
themselves lost, and then go through a mental reorientation,

when they first start Windows" programming. They may find the

4
programming complex at first, but once they become familiar
with the new environment, they can easily adapt to the new

functions and routines offered by this software.

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Figure 1. Windows Environment

2.0 Development of Software Package

The three basic phases of the development of a software
package are definition, development, and maintenance(Figure
2). During the creation process of this program, which is
named PACKTEMP, the following definitions and guidelines are

followed.

2.1 Definition

During the definition phase of development, the question on
WHAT the program is to accomplish needs to be answered. WHAT
information needs to be processed; WHAT performance is
desired; WHAT kind of design limitations exist; and WHAT user
interface is efficient. These become the minimum requirements
for the programmer to accomplish. The following are the

definitions of PACKTEMP:

2.1.1 Audience of the program: PACKTEMP is particularly
designed for personnel in the packaging and
transportation industry’ who do not necessarily
possess the computer skills to use the mathematical
model developed by Burgess(1992) to predict

temperatures in trailers.

2.1.2 Interface: PACKTEMP utilizes the user-friendly
features in Windows“ such as pop-up menus, mouse,

dialog boxes, etc. to minimize the complexity of
6

 

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DEFINITION

DEVELOPMENT

MAINTENENCE

Figure 2. Flow chart of Program Development

8
operation demanded on the user as a program in
BASIC would require. Multiple lines of data input
can now be done within one single dialog box, and
the flow of the program is completely menu driven.
PACKTEMP also displays a map of the continental
United States in order to provide the user with a
visual image of the whereabouts of different cities

at a glance.

Information to be processed: The following pieces
of data need to be entered before the program can
calculate the temperature variations.

1) Trailer: Size dimensions, cooling capacity,
travelling speed, thermostat setting, and
thermal conductivity of the trailer's wall
material.

ii) Product: type, specific heat at given
temperature, loading temperature.

iii) Weather information: Originating city,
destination city, time of year, cloud
coverage, relative humidity.

The program has a set of default values that were

built into the code. These values can be easily

changed by the user as more data is available for a

particular shipment.

9
Performance: Due to the amount of computations
involved with this simulation program, a IBM-PC
compatible 386DX based machine is chosen as the
platform. A math co-processor is recommended but
not necessary. The output of the program provides
the user the temperature variations that the

product will observe for a given trip.

2.2 Development

At the development stage, the programmer has to determine how

the guidelines and requirements set forth in this stage could

be accomplished. The first step is to decide what platform to

build the program on, and what software and programming

language to use. PACKTEMP was written using the following

hardware and software, after a careful selection process:

Hardware:

1)

ii)
iii)
iv)
Software:
1)
ii)

iii)

CompuAdd 325 - 100% IBM" compatible personal
computer with a 386 processor at 25 MHz

40 megabyte hard disk

4MB RAM

VGA color monitor

Microsoft Windows“ 3.0
Software Development Kit(SDK) 2.0

Microsoft C Compiler Version 6.0

10
Windowsm was chosen to be the preferred environment
because of its user-friendly features. SDK is an additional
package that provides a Windows“ application programmer with
built-in functions and library routines. The 'C' computer
language was used as the programming language because of its
compatibility with both the Windows” programming environment

and SDK.

2.3 Maintenance

This final phase of the.project focuses on the 'change' in the
software that is needed to keep up with the ever-evolving
computing environment. Change is also needed when the end-
user demands additional features and enhancements in the
software. Finally, no matter how much testing the programmers
carry out, it is very likely that the end user will uncover
bugs that were overlooked. Since at the time this thesis is
being prepared, there are no reports of defects or need of
change in PACKTEMP, the maintenance phase has therefore not
yet begun. However, recommendations for improvement were
suggested by faculty members at the thesis defense. These

suggestions would be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 4.

2.4 Development of PACKTEMP
2.4.1 Drawing of the U.S. map on screen:
i) The coordinates of the U.S. state lines were

converted and scaled to screen coordinates.

11

ii) The screen coordinates are used as the
arguments to the 'LineTo() ' and 'MoveTo() '
functions provided by SDK.

iii) The coordinates of the cities of interest are
converted also into screen coordinates. The
airport code names of these cities are then
written on the screen using the SDK function

'TextOut()’.

Building the databases

Two major arrays were built to store all the vital
information for the program, namely ’PRODARR' and
’CTEMPARR’ . 'PRODARR' stores the information of
the product being transported. 'Ratea' and ’Rateb'
are the two coefficients used by the program to
extrapolate the real time respiration heat at
various temperatures. ’Heatc’ is the specific heat
capacity. ’CTEMPARR' stores the name of the
cities, the actual coordinates, screen coordinates,
city name abbreviations, and the temperature
coefficients. The use of these pre-built data
arrays minimizes data input, thus enabling a
friendly interaction between the user and the

program.

Designing the pulldown menu and dialog boxes

12
The menus and dialog boxes are means of getting
around and entering data in PACKTEMP. They will be

discussed further in this chapter.

2.4.4 The CDP program in BASIC was translated into ’C'
and tested independently before being incorporated
into the WindowS" procedures. Appendix B lists the

actual 'C' code of the whole PACKTEMP program.

2.5 Description of Input

The inputs to PACKTEMP look somewhat different than a program
in BASIC would. The most significant improvement is that it
allows a user to re-enter a piece of information without
starting over from the beginning. This helps to alleviate
frustration by a user who is unfamiliar with the keyboard and

may commit typographical errors.

When a user clicks on the menu bar (Figure 3) for the pulldown
menu that initiates the dialog box for data input, the dialog
box appears with all the information, that needs to be
addressed by the user. Each question comes with a default
answer that was preselected in the program. A user can then
use the mouse or keyboard to edit the default data to input
the specific data desired for the test run. At any point in
time, the user can point the mouse back to any question and

change the input" When all the questions have been answered,

BEGIN

Default Settings 01 Trailer

13

 

 

 

 

 

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Figure 3 .

Menu Bar

 

14
the user can then click one of the three buttons at the bottom
of the screen. ’OK' saves the data and returns to the ’MAP'
screen; ’RECALC' saves the. data, but. also jperforms ‘the
calculations with the specified data and displays the results
on screen; 'CANCEL' simply disregards the changes made to

thedefault data and return to the 'MAP' screen.

The input data are grouped together in two major categories.
’PRODUCT & TRAVEL INFO’ dialog box (Figure 4) contains all
relevant information about the start and destination cities,
time of year, product type, product specific heat capacities,
etc. 'DEFAULT SETTINGS OF TRAILER’ dialog box (Figure 5)
prompts the user for the trailer dimensions, speed of travel,

etc.

The following are the questions asked in the two dialog boxes
and a description of the input expected for the program. All
numeric input values to be used are integers. Floating points
or character ‘values ‘may' cause ‘unpredictable results and

possible loss of data.

2.5.1 PRODUCT & TRAVEL INFO Dialog BOX:
01: Start City: Use Table 1 to determine the city
number of all the 73 cities available for this
program. Start city refers to the city where the

trailer is originating from.

15

 

 

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Desfinafion

Day oI Year

nruaq

Cloud Coveragepq
Product Mflbsl x10

I Exposed Units

Loading Temp Inlfl
Ihermo SettingIF]

Rate Glolatuflonldayj x10
Rate QGOIBIultonldoy] x10
Rate @BOIBIuItonidoyI x10
Product Specific HeatiBtuI'lbIF] [I 00

 

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Information Dialog Box

 

16

PACKTEMP

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TRAILER DIMENSIONS

Lengmni)
Wtdfl'tm

Heightflt)
Cooling Sys Capacity (KBtu/hr) xIOO

Wall Heat Transler Coel(BTU/hrlsq.tt IF) [1 00

Miles per hour tor every hour post down

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Figure 5.

Default Settings of Trailer Dialog Box

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

17

Destination City: Enter the number describing the
destination city(Table 1). The originating city,
together with the destination city provides the
program with the orientation of the trailer.

Day of year: Use Table 2 to determine what day of
the year the shipment begins. For example, if the
trailer departs on February 10, day of year would
be 31(number of days in January) + 10(ten days in

41. It should be noted that the

February)
average high and low temperatures of the month of
shipment are used in the program to as outside

temperatures.

Relative Humidity(%): The relative humidity
entered here is used to modify the BTU rating of
the refrigeration unit used. The higher the RH is,
the less efficient is the refrigerator because more
energy is used to condense water vapor. This RH
can refer either to the outside air RH, or the RH
inside the trailer. Use whichever is greater. If
there is no refrigeration used, the RH data would

be ignored in the program.

Cloud Coverage(%): The program uses this
information to account for the diminished effect of

solar radiation on the trailer surfaces depending

18
Table 1: List of city names,numbers,and initials used in PACKTEMP

 

19

Table l. (cont’d)

 

Table 2: Day of Year Determination

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

January 1 1 ll
Feburary l 32 In
I March 1 60
I April 1 91
I May 1 121
June 1 152
July 1 182
August 1 213
September 1 244
October 1 274
November 1 305
December 1 335

 

 

 

 

e. g.

To find out the day of year for June 20:

152 (Jun 1) + 19 = 172

21

on the cloud coverage. Average of 100% signifies a

completely overcast day, and 0% a clear day. The

program, however, would still assign.a minimum of 10% in

case of complete overcast. because of <diffuse solar

radiation.

Q6

Q7

Q8

NOTE: Enter 50 for 50% coverage.

Product Weight(lbs): This refers to the net weight
of the product, not the gross weight. This value,
together with loading temperature and specific heat
of the product, determines the field heat in the
load as well as the ability to retain or lose heat.
NOTE: Enter this value as a factor of 10.

i.e. If the load is 25000 lbs, enter 2500.

Exposed units: The number of exposed units bears a
direct relationship with the rate of heat transfer:
the more units exposed means the more surface area
of the load is available for heat transfer. A
minimum of 3 inches between parts of load is needed
to label these parts as separate units because
tightly packed configurations do not allow air to

freely circulate between individual pallet loads.

Loading temperature(F): This is the temperature at

which the 'product is loaded into the trailer.

Q9:

Q10:

22
Loading temperature, together with product weight
and specific‘ heat, determine the field
heat(existing BTU’s) in the load. The program’ 5

calculation refers to this as a starting point.

Thermo Set(‘F): This is the desired temperature
for transportation of the product, and also the
temperature setting on the thermostat of the
refrigeration/heating unit. Table 4 lists the
recommended transit temperatures for a variety of
agricultural products. If the trailer does not
have a temperature regulatory unit or if it is not
being turned on for certain temperature insensitive
products, the Thermo Set value will be ignored. Be
sure, however, to enter 0 for BTU on question oz in

dialog box for Default Settings of the Trailer.

Respiration Rate a 40, 60, 80'F in BTU/ton/day:
Due to the respiration process, fresh produce
generates heat. The rate of respiration varies
with the temperature of which they are stored.
This heat that is produced by the product acts as a
heat source inside the trailer and impacts the
overall heat balance. Generally speaking, the
higher the respiration, the more heat is produced.

The PACKTEMP program uses the respiration rate of

011:

23
the product involved at the three temperatures to
interpolate and extrapolate the rates at other
temperatures.
See Table 3 for more information on respiration

rate value.

Product Specific Heat in BTU/lb/TM Specific
heat(Cp) is defined as the amount of heat
energy(BTU) required to raise the temperature of 1
pound of the material by lfiF. Products with high
specific heat, such as water, require much more
heat input to cause a temperature rise. On the
same token, the refrigeration unit needs to remove
much more heat, for a product that has a high
specific heat to lower its temperature by’lflF. If
a load consists of a variety of materials that have
a different specific heat values, the weighted
average of the specific heat should be used.
Example: A load of 5000 lbs of wood(Cp = 0.67),
10,000 lbs of aluminum(Cp==0.21), and 15,000 lbs of
plastic(CP==0.5) would have the following specific
heat value:
(0.67*5,000+0.21*10,000+0.50*15,000)[30,000 = 0.43
NOTE: Enter the specific heat value as a factor of
100. i.e. if the actual value is 0.43, enter 43.

Consult Table 4 and Table 5 for Specific Heat

24

Table 3. Approximate Amount of Respiration Heat Produced by Fruits and Vegetables at Various Temperatures

 

 

Table 3. (cont’d)

25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commodity BTU/tIon/day x 10
40’F 60°F 80'F
Mangoes 350 990 2640
Melons
- Cantaloupes 205 795 1470
- Honeydew 90 305 670
- Watermelons 80 - -
Mushrooms 1560 4600 -
Okra 1225 3205 7590
Onions
- dry 75 240 620
- green 940 1795 3380
Oranges 120 400 715
Pars '98 290 825 -
Peaches/Nectarine 170 830 2235
Pears
- Bartlett 165 825 -
- Kieffer - 385 S30
Peas(green in the pod) 1445 4190 7920
Peppers(sweet) 290 850 1210
Pingpples 40 345 1080
PIumsCmcluding fresh 145 270 1090
prunes)
Potatoes
- Uncured 260 485 -
- Cured 125 195 -
Radishesgtopped) 210 710 1640
flberries 765 M -
Rhubarb(w/o leaves) 320 870 -
Romaine 455 975 2385
Spinach 1015 3935 -
S uash
- utternut - - -
- Yellow Straightneck 360 1825 4180
Strawberries 545 1795 4180
Sweet Potatoes
- Cured - 480 -
- Uncured - 630 1400
Tomatoes
- ature green 145 490 940
Pink 130 5 85 905
215 500 -
Watercress 1015 4070 -

 

 

26

Values of select food items. Consult Table 6 for non-

perishable items.

Q2

Q3

DEFAULT SETTINGS OF TRAILER Dialog Box:

Trailer Dimensions: The surface area/size of the
trailer determines the amount of heat gained/lost
through the skin, or by convection to the
outside/inside air; The dimension specified should
be the inner dimension of the trailer.

Cooling System Capacity(BTU/hr): Most
refrigeration units manufactured for domestic
trailers have a rating of 43,500 BTU/hr. For a
non-refrigerated trailer, enter zero. Enter BTU as
a negative number if the trailer is heated.

NOTE: Enter the BTU value as a factor of 10.

i.e. If the actual value is 43500, enter 4350.
Wall heat transfer Coefficient(BTU/hr/ftHVF):

This value determines how well the trailer wall
conducts heat. The higher the value, the more
easily heat is gained or lost through the trailer
wall. Use the thermal conductivity properties in
Table 6 together with the following procedure to
determine the coefficient of any type of trailer
wall construction:

Example 1:

Trailer Wall: 1/16" of aluminum (0.0052 ft)

 

Q4

27

3.00" of foam (0.25 ft)

Sum of thickness-to—conductivity ratio=

.0052/113 + .25/.02 = 12.5
therefore, the wall heat transfer coefficient is
1/12.5 = 0.08 BTU/hr/ftzl'F
Example 2:
Trailer Wall: 1/32" aluminum outside (.0026 ft)

3/4" plywood (.0625 ft)
Sum of thickness-to-conductivity ratio=

.0026/118 + .0625/.13 = .48
therefore, the wall heat transfer coefficient is
1/.48 = 2.08 BTU/hr/ftzl'F
NOTE: Enter the coefficient at a factor of 100.
i.e. enter 72 if the actual value is 0.72.
Miles Per Hour for Every Hour Past Dawn: The wall
heat transfer coefficient of the trailer varies
depending upon whether the trailer is stationary or
moving. A moving trailer dissipates more heat when
travelling in a hot summer day due to convection.
PACKTEMP is designed to accept variations in
trailer speed every hour past dawn. Every entry is
the average speed of the trailer during that hour.
Using zeroes tells PACKTEMP that the trailer is
stationary at all times. PACKTEMP also points the

trailer toward its destination. If the start and

 

28

Table 4. Specific Heat Above and Below Freezing of Select Items and the Recommended Transit Temperatures

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fmimiggmbles BTU/Ib/‘F
Above Freezing Below Freezing Recommended Transit
Temperature
Apples 0.87 0.45 30-40
Apricots 0.88 0.46 32
Artichokes 0.87 0.45 32
mag!» 0.94 0.48 32-35
Avocadoes 0.72 0.40 40-55
Bananas 0.80 0.42 ’ 56-58
Beans
- Green Snap 0.91 0.47 40-45
- Lima 0.73 0.40 37-41
Beets 0.90 0.46 32
Blackberries 0. 88 0.46 3 1-32
Blueberries 0.86 0.45 31-32
Broccoli 0.92 0.47 32
Brussels sprouts 0.88 0.46 -
Cabbfiagg 0.94 0.47 32
Cantaloupes 0.93 0.48 36-41
Carrots 0.90 0.46 ‘ 32
Casaba/Crenshaw Melons 0.94 0.48 -
Cauliflower 0.93 0.47 32
Celery 0.95 0.48 32
Cherries 0.87 0.45 30-32
Corn(swee9 0.79 0.42 32
Cranberries 0.90 0.46 36-40
Cucumbers 0.97 0.49 50-55
_§ggplant 0.94 0.48 46-54
Endive/escarole 0.94 0.48 32
Mesh) 0.82 0.43 -
Garlic(dry) 0.69 0.40 32-34
Gooseberries 0.90 0.46 -
Grapefruits 0.90 0.46 50-60
Grapes 0.86 0.45 30-32
Homdew melons 0.94 0.48 -

 

 

 

 

 

 

29

Table 4. (cont’d)

Above Freezing Below Freezing Recommended Transit

Potatoes
- early-crop

Raspberries

 

 

30

Table 5. Specific Heat Above and Below Freezing of Select Dairy Products

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dairy, meat products BTU/Ib/F
Above freezing Below freezipL
Bacon 0.38 0.26
Beef(fresh) 0.77 0.41
I Butter 0.36 0.25
I Cheese 0.52 0.31
E s(shell) 0.73 0.40
E solids(whole) 0.22 0.21
B yolk solids 0.23 0.21
Ice cream 0.70 0.39
Hams:
- Cured 0.67 0.37
- Fresh 0.53 0.31
Iamb(fresh) 0.72 0.40
I Milk 0.93 0.46
H Oleomargarine 0.32 0.25
Pork(fresh) 0.53 0.31
Poultry(fresh) 0.80 0.42
Smoked sausage 0.62 0.35
Veal(fresh) 0.74 0.40

 

 

 

 

31
destination city are both the same, PACKTEMP would point
the trailer north. This orientation determines how much
solar radiation the trailer is exposed to due to the
general direction of travel. In situations that the
trailer is parked for an extended period of time, the
user can input zero for speed for every hour to tell the

program that the trailer is stationary.‘

When the 'RECALC’ button is hit after all the data is
entered, the program recalculates using the new

information given and generates the results.

Table 6.

32

Thermal Conductivities for Selected Materials

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MATERIAL CONDUCTIVITY(BTU/hr/ft/'F)
ALUMINUM 118.000
BRICK 0.60
CORK 0.025
FOAM 0.020
GLASS 0.450
RUBBER 0.090
STEEL 26.000
wooo 0.130

 

 

 

 

3.0 Use of Software Package
This chapter describes how this software may be used by a
user.
3.1 Installation
Before installing the software, be sure your equipment

satisfies the following minimum requirements:

Compatibility: 100% IBM compatible
Microprocessor: 386sx or better

RAM: 640K or more

Software: DOS 3.3 or later version

Windows 3.0 or later version
Mouse: Recommended
Display: CVGA recommended
Follow these steps during installation:
1, Insert program disk in floppy drive.
2, Copy temp.exe onto your hard.disk.- either to the Windows
subdirectory, or any other directory.
3, Start Windows.
4, Create a new program item in the Windows Applications

folder by selecting NEW under FILE(Figure 6).

5, Enter a name for the program(PACKTEMP, or anything you
like).
6, Enter complete path of where you placed the temp.exe file

on the hard disk.

7, Double click the Trailer icon to start(Figure 7).
8, Follow the instructions in this thesis to run the
program.

33

 

34

a Program Manager
Elle thlons windows Help

 

      
  
    

Program Item Properties
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F__Ԥkmnudlhc haramnzoq -]
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. RI 10K I I Cancel J lflrowse I lChanqucon ]
. .......... flux-

 
 

 

 

 

 

NWPOr-

ii: 9 I”? ....

HEAPWALK 200nm SDKPant- FONTEDIIaloQBOs so. V300

a- a

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

’ndow: SpyApobcahon PlLGTEMP

‘ooo 'ooo‘ 'ooo ‘ooo‘
ODD 000 000 000
Man Accestm-Wndow: ApobcahorGame:

 

 

 

Figure 6. Dialog Box Showing Path to PACKTEMP

35

Program Manager

Elle thlons windows Help

 

Li] 13“
NWPDPUP CodeVIew Wndow: 3 00
is E F?

     
 

Windows Applications

 

 

 

 

HEAPWALK ZOOMIN SDKPant- ronrron clog Boo: Edict v3 00

g _ as

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

’ndows Spy Appbcatm PKGTEMP
l—I l—I I_I I_‘
000 000 DOD 000
000 000 000 000
Man AccesstNon-Wndow: Apphcat-orGame:

 

Figure 7 .

PACKTEMP Icon

 

 

36

3.2 General Instructions

Once the map of the United States is displayed on the
screen(Figure 8), you will see one 'up' and one ’down' arrow
at the top right hand corner of the window. The ’up' arrow
would open up the current window to full screen, while the
’down' arrow would temporarily close the current window while
keeping it active. The user is suggested to open the window

into the full screen mode to display all the cities.

Use the mouse to point the cursor to BEGIN below the caption
bar on the upper left corner and click. A menu would then
appear showing choices of Product and Travel Info, Default

Settings of Trailer, and Output as shown in Figure 9.

The first two choices, Product and Travel Info and Default
Settings of Trailer, each contains a set of questions about
the weather, product, etc. Using the descriptions and help
from the previous chapter, input the values desired for each
question. You can use the mouse to point the cursor to a
particular box, or you can use tab to cycle the cursor through
all input boxes. The values that appear in the boxes when the
dialog box is first pulled up are default values that are set
every time the program is first started. After changing and
entering all the values deemed necessary for the particular
run, you can click one of the three grey buttons at the bottom

of the dialog box:

 

37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

: PACKTEMP an
BEGIN
“H.
II BIA HAV ML \ I ,
EA GE
As nso “a BIS m
Pox her—i
m
801
URL IND
Icon QSSLC .
o DEN

GR!

 

F0

 

 

 

 

 

RRV

 

 

 

Figure 8. PACKTEMP Screen

38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

v A
BEGIN
Default Settings ot Trailer
I l on HAV
GE
EA MSO
POX ‘61
80!
CHI
260R l §"5L1:
\‘SFO
FAI IAS
FSF
1AM
M
\-——l {PS
RRV 1a

 

 

Figure 9. PACKTEMP Screen with Pulldown Menu

 

 

39

OK: OK informs the program that the values entered
aregood and could be used for calculation.
The program.would save all values currently in
the dialog box for use in later phase of the
run. After clicking OK, the dialog box would
disappear and the map would be brought back as
the background. If in fact the user chooses
to go back again to the same dialog box, the
values previously entered would now reappear.

CANCEL: CANCEL ‘would exit the dialog box without
saving any of the changes made to the default
values. The map would again be brought back
as background.

RECALC: RECALC would first save the current values
entered, then perform a calculation with these
values. When done, the dialog box would
disappear and a grey box with the output
values would appear on top of the map showing
the output values. The user can examine these
values, then go back to the first two options
on the menu to change certain parameters.
When done viewing, the user can use the right
button on the mouse to redraw the screen and
get rid of the grey box.

To»quit the PACKTEMP program, select CLOSE from the FILE menu,

or hit ALT+F4.

 

4 . 0 CONCLUSION

This project successfully developed a computer application program
'PACKTEMP'. This program is capable of predicting air temperature
variations in trailers when traveling between major cities in the
United States. The program is based on the mathematical model

developed by Burgess(1992) and is interactive through Windows".

The faculty committee of this research study recommended the

following as future enhancements of the program:

1. Program could read in the time of year in the form of calendar
date (e.g. March 12), and then calculate the actual day of the
year.

2. The heat transfer coefficients and thicknesses of materials
used to construct the trailer wall be directly entered into
the ’Default Settings of Trailer' dialog box, and have the
program calculate the actual combined heat transfer
coefficient.

3. Expand program for worldwide applications.
This program is currently being used.by eight major corporations in

the United States who are members of the Consortium of Distribution

Packaging for a period of one year.

40

APPENDIX A

This section lists a number of tables demonstrating the effect

of variables such as load temperature, number of exposed

units, etc. in the outcome of a test run. The input data is

identical to that listed in figures 2 and 3 in Chapter 2.

ii,
iii,
iv,

V:

vi,

vii,

Table 7 - sample run.

Table 8 - change in the number of exposed units.

Table 9 - change in the loading temperature.

Table 10 - the chiller is shut off by putting a zero in
the BTU rating box.

Table 11 - the composition of the trailer wall material
is altered. The foam is now replaced with plywood.
Table 12 - in order to show the effects in the next 24
hours of the trip, the final load temperature of the
previous day is used as the starting load temperature.
Table 13 - the product is now 15,000 lbs of steel with no
refrigeration, respiration, 0 cloud coverage, and

stationary.

41

42

Table 7. Sample Run 1.

Distance = 2197.279 miles
Available Daylight = 13.3586 hrs
Expected min and max temperatures ate 64'F and 81 'F

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hours Past Distance Alr Skin Load % Duty
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
Jmllesl ('F) ('F) (F)
1 60.0 65.8 66.1 69.3 100.0
2 120.0 68.3 69.5 68.6 100.0
3 180.0 70.9 72.9 67.8 100.0
4 240.0 73.4 76.0 67.1 100.0
5 300.0 76.0 78.9 66.3 100.0
6 360.0 78.5 81.6 65.6 100.0
7 420.0 80.0 82.9 64.8 100.0
8 480.0 79.0 81.7 64.0 100.0 A,
9 480.0 78.0 94.5 63.3 100.0
10 550.0 77.0 88.4 6fi2.4 100.0
1 1 620.0 76.0 77.1 61.4 100.0
12 690.0 75.0 75.7 60.5 96.9
13 760.0 74.1 73.9 59.6 92.4
14 830.0 73.1 72.8 58.7 88.4
15 900.0 72.1 71.9 57.8 84.6
16 900.0 71.1 70.9 57.0 80.9
17 900.0 70.1 68.4 56,2 76.8
18 900.0 69.1 67.5 55.5 73.5
19 900.0 68.1 66.6 54.8 70.2__
30 900.0 61L 65.6 54.1 67.1
21 900.0 fig 64.7 53.5 64.2___
22 900.0 65.2 63.8 5.2.9 61.3
23 900.0 64.2 £29 52.3 58.6
24 900.0 63.2 61.9 51.7 56.0
NOTE: A, The 2:?! August 15 is 13 hrs. 21 minutes long. .
, e culated distance between Los Angeles and Cincinnati IS 2197 miles.
3' In: g‘ugalcfeeaci): ttgglowafigniraaéggessil: geiigadmhiiirig 21110:. zenith(half the day
' length), and its min mum at dawn 8 24 hours after dawn.
5, The trafler skin temperature reaches 96'F.

Table 8. Sample Run 2.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

lrHours Past Distance Air Skin Load % Duty
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
("1168) ('F') (F) ('F)
1 60.0 65.8 66.2 69.2 100.0
2 120.0 68.3 69.6 68.3 100.0
3 180.0 70.9 73.0 67.5 100.0
4 240.0 73.4 76.1 66.6 100.0
5 300.0 76.0 79.1 65.8 100.0
6 360.0 78.5 81 .7 64.9 100.0
7 420.0 80.0 83.1 64.0 100.0
8 480.0 79.0 81.8 63.0 100.0
9 480.0 78.0 95.2 62.1 100.0
10 480.0 77.0 89.2 61.2 100.0
1 1 550.0 76.0 77.2 60.1 100.0
12 620.0 75.0 75.8 59.0 100.0
13 690.0 74.1 74.0 57.8 100.0
14 760.0 73.1 72.9 56.6 100.0
15 830.0 72.1 71.9 55.4 100.0
16 900.0 71.1 70.9 54.1 100.0
17 900.0 70.1 68.8 52.7 100.0
18 900.0 69.1 67.8 51.3 100.0
19 900.0 68.1 66.8 49.9 100.0
20 900.0 67.2 65.8 48.5 100.0
21 900.0 66.2 64.8 47.0 100.0
22 900.0 65.2 63.8 45.5 91.6
23 900.0 64.2 62.9 44.3 73.2
24 900.0 63.2 61.9 43.4 59.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: The new number of exposed units is 48. Heat is therefore transferred out of the load more
quickly.

 

Table 9. Sample Run 3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hours Past Distance Air Skin Load 96 Duty
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
("1168) (F) ('F) ('F)
1 60.0 65.8 66.0 49.6 48.5
2 120.0 68.3 69.5 49.2 48.0
3 180.0 70.9 72.8 48.8 47.6
4 240.0 73.4 76.0 48.4 47.2
5 300.0 76.0 78.9 48.1 46.8
6 360.0 78.5 81 .6 47.7 46.4
7 420.0 80.0 82.9 47.4 45.6
8 480.0 79.0 . 81 .7 47.1 43.9
9 480.0 78.0 94.3 46.8 47.2
10 480.0 77.0 88.3 46.6 44.0
1 1 550.0 76.0 77.1 ' 46.3 39.1
12 620.0 75.0 75.7 46.1 37.7
13 690.0 74.1 73.9 45.9 36.1
14 760.0 73.1 72.8 45.7 34.9
15 830.0 72.1 71.9 45.5 33.8
16 900.0 71.1 70.9 45.3 32.7
17 900.0 70.1 68.4 45.1 31.1
18 900.0 69.1 67.5 45.0 30.1
19 900.0 68.1 66.6 44.8 29.1
20 900.0 67.2 65.6 44.7 28.2
21 900.03 66.2 64.7 44.5 27.3
22 900.0 66.2 63.8 44.4 26.5
23 900.0 65.2 62.9 44.3 25.7
24 900.0 64.2 61.9 44.2 24.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: Product loaded at 50°F instead of 70‘F. The chiller therefore does not work as hard.

 

Table 10. Sample Run 4.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hours Past Distance Air Skin Load % Duty
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
(miles?) (F) ('F) ('F)

1 60.0 65.8 66.3 71.1 0.0

2 120.0 68.3 69.7 72.4 0.0

3 180.0 70.9 73.1 73.7 0.0

4 240.0 73.4 76.3 75.0 0.0

5 300.0 76.0 79.2 76.5 0.0

6 360.0 78.5 81 .8 78.1 0.0

I 7 420.0 80.0 83.2 79.8 0.0
8 480.0 79.0 82.0 81.6 0.0

9 480.0 78.0 96.7 83.6 0.0

10 480.0 77.0 90.9 85.7 0.0

1 1 550.0 76.0 77.4 87.8 0.0

12 620.0 75.0 76.0 90.1 0.0

13 690.0 74.1 74.3 92.5 0.0

14 760.0 73.1 73.2 95.2 0.0

15 830.0 72.1 72.2 98.0 0.0

16 900.0 71.1 71.3 101.0 0.0

17 900.0 70.1 71.9 104.3 0.0

18 900.0 69.1 71.1 107.9 0.0

19 900.0 68.1 70.4 1 1 1.9 0.0

20 900.0 67.2 69.7 1 16.3 0.0

21 900.0 66.2 69.0 121.1 0.0

22 900.0 65.2 68.3 126.5 0.0

23 900.0 64.2 67.7 132.6 0.0

24 900.0 63.2 67.1 139.4 0.0

Note: Chiller is shut off (or non-refrigerated trailer). Product temperature reaches 140’F due

primarily to respiration.

Table 11. Sample Run 5.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hours Past Distance Air Skin Load % Duty]
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
("11%) ('F) ('F) (F)

1 60.0 65.8 65.4 69.9 100.0

2 120.0 68.3 68.7 69.8 100.0

3 180.0 70.9 72.0 69.9 100.0

4 240.0 73.4 75.1 70.2 100.0

5 300.0 76.0 77.9 70.5 100.0 II

F 6 360.0 78.5 80.5 70.9 100.0
7 420.0 80.0 81.8 71.5 100.0

8 480.0 79.0 80.7 72.0 100.0

9 480.0 78.0 85.7 72.8 100.0

10 550.0 77.0 81.0 73.4 100.0

1 1 620.0 76.0 76.3 73.8 100.0

12 690.0 75.0 75.0 74.1 100.0

13 760.0 74.1 73.3 74.5 100.0

14 830.0 73.1 72.3 74.7 100.0

15 900.0 72.1 71.3 75.0 100.0

16 900.0 71.1 70.4 75.2 100.0

17 900.0 70.1 65.5 75.2 100.0

18 900.0 69.1 64.7 75.2 100.0

19 900.0 68.1 64.0 75.1 100.0

20 900.0 67.2 63.2 75.1 100.0

21 900.0 66.2 62.4 75.0 100.0

22 900.0 65.2 61.7 74.9 100.0

23 900.0 64.2 60.9 74.7 100.0

24 900.0 63.2 60.1 74.5 100.0

Note: The 3" foam is replaced with 3 /4' plywood. Heat from outside therefore gets in

more easily (solar and high outside temperature). Chiller works constantly and
manages only to maintain loading temperature.

Table 12. Sample Run 6.

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| Hours Past Distance Air Skin Load 96 Duty
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
(miles) ('0 ('Fl ('0
I 1 60.0 65.8 66.0 50.5 52.4
I 2 120.0 68.3 69.5 50.1 51.7
I 3 180.0 70.9 72.8 49.6 51.1
4 240.0 73.4 76.0 49.2 50.5
5 300.0 76.0 78.9 48.8 49.9
6 360.0 78.5 81 .6 48.4 49.3
7 420.0 80.0 82.9 48.1 48.4 .
8 480.0 79.0 81.7 47.8 46.6
H 9 480.0 78.0 94.3 47.5 49.7
10 550.0 77.0 88.3 47.2 46.4
1 1 620.0 76.0 77.1 46.9 41.3
II 12 690.0 75.0 75.7 46.6 39.8
13 760.0 74.1 73.9 46.4 38.1
14 830.0 73.1 72.8 46.1 36.8
15 900.0 72.1 71.9 45.9 35.5
ll 16 900.0 71 .8 70.9 45.7 34.3
17 900.0 70.1 68.4 45.5 32.7
18 900.0 69.1 67.5 45.3 31.6
19 900.0 68.1 66.6 45.2 30.5
20 900.0 67.2 65.6 45.0 29.5
21 900.0 66.2 64.7 44.8 28.6
22 900.0 65.2 63.8 44.7 27.6
23 900.0 64.2 62.9 44.6 26.8
24 900.0 63.2 61.9 44.4 25.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note: No changes to the settings from Sample Run 10' able 7). This is a continuation of the last
trip(nest day results). The same speed schedule was used for convenience. The final load

temperature on the previous day is used for the new load temperature for the following day.

Table 13. Sample Run 7.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hours Past Distance Air Skin Load % Duty
Dawn Travelled Temperature Temperature Temperature
(miIGS) ('F) ('F) ('F)
1 0.0 66.5 72.0 69.4 0.0
2 0.0 69.1 83.9 73.0 0.0
3 0.0 71.6 96.0 80.0 0.0
4 0.0 74.2 106.7 88.7 0.0
5 0.0 76.7 1 14.9 97.7 0.0
6 0.0 79.3 120.1 105.7 0.0
7 0.0 80.7 122.4 11 1.9 0.0 II
8 0.0 79.7 120.4 1 15.7 0.0
9 0.0 78.7 1 15.0 1 16.4 0.0
10 0.0 77.7 106.7 1 14.1 0.0
1 1 0.0 76.8 100.8 109.7 0.0
12 0.0 75.8 94.3 104.9 0.0
13 0.0 74.8 82.7 98.3 0.0
14 0.0 73.8 78.8 91 .2 0.0
15 0.0 72.8 76.6 85.8 0.0
16 0.0 71 .9 74.7 81.8 0.0
17 0.0 70.9 73.1 78.7 0.0
18 0.0 69.9 71.7 76.2 0.0
19 0.0 68.9 70.4 74.1 0.0
20 0.0 67.9 69.2 72.4 0.0
21 0.0 66.9 68.1 70.9 0.0
22 0.0 66.0 67.0 69.6 0.0
23 0.0 65.0 65.9 68.3 0.0
24 0.0 64.0 64.9 67.2 0.0

 

 

Note: New product (15,000 lbs of steel). No refrigeration, no respiration.
walls only. Cloud coverage is zero. The trailer is stationary in Los Angeles but points
toward Cincinnati (speeds all zero). Skin temperature reaches 122'F. Load temperature
reaches 116'F.

 

 

Trailer with aluminum

 

m.» r. ' .

APPENDIX B
Source Code of PACKTEMP in '0
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdllb.h>
#include 'r2.h"
extem void uslines(HDC);
void calc(void);
long FAR PASCAL WndProc (HWND, WORD, WORD, LONG);
HANDLE hlnst;
int flag=0;
int a0,a1,a2.a3,a4=0;
int OutOfReach;
int r40=550;
int r60=2405;
int r80=6005;
char *cr80='6005';
double fr40,fr60,fr80;
double fhc=0.72; /*float hc */
int hc=72; /*product specific heat*/
char outarr[28][100];
int lenstr[24];
int speed[24] ={60, 60, 60. 60. 60, 60. 60, 60. 0, 0,
70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70. 0, 0. 0. 0.

0. 0. 0. 0}:

49

 

struct userdat {

};

int startcity;
Int destclty;
int dayoiyear.
lnt rh;

Int cloud;

int prodwt;
int expunlts;
Int prodtvpe:
int loadtemp;

Int thermoset;

struct trailer { Int length;

};

struct cltytemp {

int width;
int height;
int btu;

int hw; /*wall heat transfer*/

char *abv;

char *cityname;
double hia;
double hib;
double lowa;
double Iowb;
double lati;
double longi;

int scrlati;

 

51

Int scdongl;

}:

struct prodlnfo { char *prodname;

double rateca:

double ratecb;

double heatc;};

struct cltytemp ctemparru ={
'AMA','AMARILLO'.
'AVL','ASHVI LLE".
'AST‘.'ASTORIA'.
'ATL',"ATLANTA".
'BIS','BISMARK'.
'BOI',"BOISE'.
'BOS','BOSTON'.
“BRV',‘BROWNSVILLE'.
'BUF','BUFFALO‘.
'BTV','BURUNGTON'.
'CBU',"CAR|BOU".
'CHS','CHARLESTON'.
“ORD'.'CHICAGO'.
'CVG",'CINClNNATI'.
'CMH','COLUMBUS'.
'CRL'.'CRATER LAKE".
'DEN','DENVER'.
'DSM',"DES MOINES'.

'DTW","DETHOIT',

49.9, 45.0, 23.6, 43.3, 35.2, 101.8,-223,267,
50.2, 35.8, 28.4, 35.1, 35.4, 82.5, -226,473,
48.1, 21.0, 34.7, 17.4, 46.2, 123.8,-393,33.
54.1, 35.4, 34.0, 34.6, 33.7, 84.4, 499,453.
22.1, 64.5, 3.80, 54.7, 46.8, 100.8.-409,278.
37.4, 52.1, 22.7, 33.1, 43.6, 116.2,-358,114,
37.1, 44.6, 23.6, 40.6, 42.4, 71.0, {338,596.
71.6, 22.2, 53.2, 24.1, 25.9, 97.5, -74,313,

30.9, 50.1, 17.5, 41.3, 42.9, 78.9, -346,511,
27.7, 55.1, 11.1, 48.2, 44.5, 73.2, -372,572,
20.9, 54.8, 4.30, 50.5, 46.9, 68.0, 410,618,/*M 628 */
61.0, 30.2, 37.2, 35.1, 32.9, 80.0, -1 86,500,
33.4. 51.6, 19.7, 47.4, 41.8, 87.8, 329,416.
43.0, 47.0, 27.2, 41.8, 39.1. 84.5, -286,452.
38.0. 50.1, 20.9, 41.6, 40.0, 83.0, 300,468.
32.8. 34.4, 16.9, 22.9, 42.9, 122.1,-346,51,
41.6, 45.7, 14.7, 41.1, 39.7, 104.9-295,234.
31.3, 58.2, 14.3, 53.1, 41.5, 93.7, 624,354,

33.5. 53.2, 19.5, 42.8, 42.4, 83.0, 4338.468,

 

52

'EPS','EL PASO', 57.9, 39.0, 30.1, 39.4, 31.8, 106.5,-169,217,
'EUR','EUREKA', 54.4, 6.40, 41.6, 10.8, 40.8, 124.2,-313,29,
'FAR','FARGO', 19.0, 66.6, 2.40, 57.4, 46.9. 96.8, 410,321,

'FSF','FLAGSTAFF', 41.0, 40.1, 14.0, 33.6, 35.2, 111.7,-223,162,
'F'IW','FORT WORTH", 57.0, 39.6. 35.2, 40.3, 32.8, 97.3, -1 85,315.
'FAT',’FRESNO', 56.9, 40.6, 36.4, 24.3, 36.7, 119.8,-247,75,
'GLA','GLACIER', 28.7, 50.4, 15.3, 31.4, 48.6, 113.7,438,141,
'GRJ',"GRAND JUNCTION", 37.4, 55.1, 13.6, 44.7, 39.0, 108.6,—284,195.
'GRB',’GREEN BAY', 25.1, 56.8, 10.4, 49.9, 44.5. 88.0, -372,415.
'HAT','HA1TERAS', 55.2, 29.2, 39.4, 33.1, 35.3, 75.6, -225,547,
'HAV','HAVRE', 27.0, 58.2, 4.70, 48.7, 48.5, 109.7,-436,183.
'HOU'.'HOUSTON', 64.5, 29.6, 44.1, 20.8, 30.0, 95.4, -140,336,
'INL','INTERNATIONAL FALLS',16.3. 63.1, -4.0, 58.8, 48.6, 93.4, 438,357.
'JAX','JACKSONV|LLE', 66.7, 25.4, 44.8, 29.4, 30.5, 81.7, -1 48.482.
'LND','LANDER', 32.1, 52.1, 9.10, 45.4, 42.8, 108.7,-345,194,
'LAS","LAS VEGAS", 54.8. 48.4, 31.8, 42.4, 36.1, 115.2,-238,125,
I'LNK',"UNC(')LN", 36.3, 55.5, 17.1, 50.1, 40.8, 96.7, 313,322,
'UT','UTTLE ROCK', 51.4, 43.1, 30.5, 41.0, 34.7, 92.2, 215,370,
'LAX','LOS ANGELES', 65.1, 9.50, 46.2, 15.3, 33.9, 118.4,-202,90,
'MEM','MEMPH|S', 52.9, 40.5, 32.5, 39.4, 35.0, 90.0, -220.393,
'MIA','MIAMI', 76.6, 13.2, 58.7, 17.5, 25.8, 80.3, -73,497,
'MID','MIDLAND', 57.1, 39.8, 31.2, 41.0, 32.0, 102.0,-172,265,
'MCT',"M|LES CITY', 29.5, 59.3, 8.00. 50.4, 46.4, 105.8.402,225,
'MSP','MINNEAPOLIS', 23.9, 62.4, 4.90, 57.2, 44.9, 93.2, 378,359.
'MSO','MISSOULA', 29.4, 54.7, 12.9, 35.5, 46.9, 114.0,-410,137.

'MGM','MONTGOMERY', 58.6, 35.2, 36.5, 35.6, 32.4, 86.3, -178,433,

 

53
"BNA","NASHV|LLE", 49.2, 43.0, 29.9, 39.4, 36.2, 86.8, -239,427,

"MSY","NEW ORLEANS", 64.4, 27.9, 45.0, 28.7, 30.0, 90.3, -140,390.
"JFK","NEW YORK", 39.6, 45.4, 27.1, 41.0, 40.8, 74.0, 313,564.
IIORF","NORFOLK', 49.9, 38.6, 31.1, 39.3, 36.9, 76.3, -250,539,
"NPL","NORTI-I PLATTE", 37.6, 51.5, 10.7, 50.2, 41.1, 100.8-318,278,
"OKC","OKLAHOMA CITY", 48.0, 44.8, 27.3, 43.8, 35.4, 97.6, -226,312,
"PHL","PHILADELPHIA", 40.6, 46.2, 23.5, 41.2, 39.9, 75.3, 298,550.
"PIT',"PITTSBURGH", 36.7, 48.2, 20.1, 41.0, 40.5, 80.2, 308,498.
"PDX',"PORTLAND", 45.6, 32.9, 33.4, 21.5, 45.6, 122.6,-380,46,/*M-390*/
"RDU","RALEIGH", 52.3, 37.3, 29.4, 38.3, 35.8, 78.6, 233,515.
"RAP","RAPID CITY", 34.0, 51.8, 10.6, 48.3, 44.1, 103.0,-366,255,
"RNO","RENO", 46.2, 41.4, 16.6, 27.3, 39.5, 119.8,-292,75,
"SLC","SALT LAKE CITY", 37.7, 52.5, 19.6, 38.9, 40.8, 112.0,-313,159.
"SAT',"SAN ANTONIO", 63.6, 31.6, 42.0, 32.9, 29.4, 98.5, -130,303,
"SFO",'SAN FRANCISCO", 57.8, 15.6, 42.6, 11.7, 37.6, 122.4,-262,48,
"SSM","SAULT STE MARIE", 23.4, 52.6, 8.70, 44.3, 46.5, 84.3, 404,454.
"SEA","SEATI'LE", 44.0, 30.2, 33.2, 19.9, 47.5, 122.13.420.49.
"SHV","SHREVEPORT", 57.8, 37.0, 38.0, 35.9, 32.5, 93.8, -1 80,353.
"GEG","SPOKANE", 32.9, 49.9, 20.8, 33.1, 47.7, 117.4,-423,101.

"ST L","ST LOUIS", 41.7, 48.5, 23.4, 43.8, 38.8, 90.4, 281,389.
'TLH","TALLAHASSEE", 65.7, 27.0, 41.8, 31.2, 30.5, 84.3, -148,454,
'TPA","TAMPA", 72.0, 19.4, 51.4, 23.2, 28.0, 82.5, -108,473,
"DCA","WASHINGTON", 44.6, 43.2, 28.3, 40.7, 38.9, 77.0, -282,532.
"ICT',"WICHITA", 45.1, 48.2, 22.9, 46.7, 37.7, 97.3, -263,315,
'WIL","W|LLISTON", 21.9, 12.3, 3.70, 55.4, 48.1, 103.6,-430,248.

'YST","YELLOW STONE", 27.7, 49.3, 10.3, 34.8, 45.0, 110.7,-380,173,

 

};

struct userdat userinfo={38,14,227,90,50,2500,1,34,70,40};

"YUM","YUMA",

70.7, 37.8, 41.3, 36.3, 32.7, 114.6,-183,131

struct trailer traflerdef= {48.88.4353};

struct prodlnfo prodarr[] =

I

'Aluminum',
"Apples".
'Artlchokes',
'Asparagus',
'Bacon',
'Beef'.
'Blueberrles'.
'Brick', 0,
"Brocolli',
'Cantiloup',
"Cauliflower”,
'Cheese',

'Copper“,

'Com(Sweet)",

'EQQS',
“Glass“.
"Grapes”,

"Lettuce“,

0.
0.253.
1.162,

1.820,

0.216.

0.385,

'Uquid Chemicals',0.

"Milk",

“Green Onions",

0.

0.803, 0.043, 0.90,

0.057,

0.041,

0.20,
0.065,

0.055,

0.21 ,
0.87,
0.87,
0.94,
0.38.
0.77,

0.86,

0.92.
0.94,
0.93,
0.52,
0.09,
0.79,
0.73.
0.20,
0.86.
0.96.
0.5,

0.93,

 

“Oranges“.
'Peaches',
'Pears',
'Peas“,
”Plastic",
"Plums“.
“Pork“,
"Potatoes“,
"PoulW'.
'Radishes',
"Spinach',

"Steel",

'Strawberrles'.

'Tin',

Watermelon”,

'Wood',

int PASCAL WinMain

{

static

HWND

MSG

"‘39;

hwnd:

55

0.185, 0.05, 0.9,
0.58, 0.067, 0.91,
0.504, 0.65, 0.86.
1.985, 0.48, 0.79.
0, 0, 0.5,
0.197, 0.055, 0.88.
O, 0, 0.53.
0.25. 0.046. 0.85,
0. 0, 0.8.
0.378, 0.053, 0.95.
2.392, 0.064, 0.94.
0, O, 0.11.
1.027, 0.055. 0.92.
0. O, 0.05,
0.385, 0.06. 0.97,
o. o. 0.67 };
(HANDLE hlnstance,

HANDLE hPrevlnstance.

LPSTR ipsszdParam,

int nCmdShow)

WNDCLASS wndciass;

char szAppName[] = “82";

 

56

lf(threvlnstance)
{
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndciasstanndProc = WndProc;
wndciass.chlsExtra = 0;
wndclass.candExtra = 0:
wndclass.hlnstance = hlnstance;
wndclass.hlcon = Loadlcon(hlnstance. szAppName);
wndciass.hCursor = LoadCursor(hlnstance, szAppName);

wnddassherackground = GetStockOb]ectMHlTE_BRUSH);
wndclasstszMenuName = szAppName;
wndclasstszCiassName = szAppName;
RegisterCiass(&wndclass);
}
hwnd = Createrndow (szAppName,
"PACKTEMP",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW.
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NuLL.
hlnstance,

NULL);

 

57
ShowWindow(hwnd,nCmdShow);

Updaterndow(hwnd);
while(GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg):
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}

return msg.wParam;

I
BOOL FAR PASCAL DeflDIgProc(HWND thg, WORD message, WORD wParam, LONG lParam)

{
switch (message)

 

{ ease WM_INITDIALOG:
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,20,traiierdef.Iength,0):
SetDIgltemlnt(thg,21,trailerdef.width, 0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,22,traiierdet.helght,0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,23,trailerdef.btu, 0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,99,trailerdef.hw.0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,31 ,speed [010);
SetDIgltemlnt(hDig,32,speed[11,0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,33,speed[21.0);
SetDlgltemint(thg,34,speed[3].0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,35,speed[41.0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,36,speed[51.0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,37,speed[6].0):

SetDlgltemlnt(thg.38.speed[71.0):

SetDlgltemlnt(hDig,39,speed[8],0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,40,speed[9],0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,41,speed[10].0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,42,speed[1 11,0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,43,speed[121,0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,44,speed[131.0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,45,speed[141.0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,46,speed[151,0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,47,speed[161,0):
SetDlgltemlnt(hDIg,48,speed[17],0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,49,speed[181,0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,50,speed[191.0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,51 ,speed [20] .0);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,52,speed[211.0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,53,speed[221.0):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,54,speed[231.0):
return TRUE;

case WM_COMMAND:
switch(wParam)

{ case IDOK:
trailerdef.length=GetDlgltemlnt(thg,20,NULL.1);
trailerdef.width = GetDiglteml nt(hD|g.21 .NULL,1):
trailerdef.height=GetDlgltemlnt(thg,22,NULL.1);
trailerdefbtu =GetDlgltemint(thg,23,NULL.1);
trailerdef.hw =GetDlgltemlnt(hDig.99,NULL,1);

speed[O] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg.31,NULL,1);

 

59

speed[1] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,32,NUlJ..1);
speed[2] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,33,NULL.1);
speed[3] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,34,NULL,1);
speed[4] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg.35,NULL,1);
speed[5] =GetDigitemlnt(hDig.36,NULL,1);
speed[6] a-(:‘netDlgltemlnt(thg,37,NULL.1);
speed[7] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,38,NULL,1);
speed[B] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,39,NULL,1);
speed[9] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,40,NULL1);
speed[10] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,41,NULL1);
speed[11] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,42,NULL.1);
speed[12] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,43,NULL,1);
speed[13] =GetDIgltemlnt(thg,44,NULL,1);
speed[14] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,45,NULL1);
speed[15] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,46,NULL.1);
speed[16] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,47,NULL.1);
speed[17] =GetDigltemlnt(thg,48,NULL,1);
speed[18] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,49,NULL.1);
speed[19] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,50,NULL,1);
speed[20] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,51,NULL1);
speed[21] =GetDIgltemlnt(thg,52,NULL,1);
speed [22] = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,53,NULL,1);
speed[23] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,54,NULL,1);

EndDialog(thg,FALSE);/*TRUE*/
return TRUE;

case 26:

 

60
trailerdefJength = GetDlgltemlnt(hDIg,20,NULL,1 );

trailerdef.width = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,21 ,NULL1);
trailerdef.height = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,22,NULL.1);
tralerdefbtu = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,23,NULL,1);

trailerdef.hw =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,99,NULL.1);

speed[O] =GetDlgltemlnt(hDIg,31,NULL,1);
speed[1] = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,32,NULL,1);
speed[2] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,33,NULL,1);
speed[3] =GetDlgltemlnt(hDIg,34,NULL,1);
speed[4] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,35,NULL.1);
speed[5] = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,36,NULL1);
speed[6] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,37,NUU..1);
speed[7] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,38,NULL,1);
speed [8] = GetDlgltemlnt(hDig,39,NULL.1);
speed[9] =GetDigltemint(thg.40,NULL.1);
speed[10] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,41,NULL,1);
speed[11] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,42,NULL.1);
speed[12] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,43,NULL.1);
speed[13] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,44,NULL1);
speed[14] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,45,NULL.1);
speed[15] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,46,NULL,1);
speed[16] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,47,NULL.1);
speed[17] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,48,NULL.1);
speed[18] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,49,NULL1);
speed[19] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,50,NULL1);

speed[20] =GetDlgitemlnt(thg,51,NULL,1);

 

 

61
speed[21] =GetDlgltemlnt(hDig,52,NULL,1);
speed[22] =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,53,NULL,1);
speed [23] =GetDigltemlnt(hDIg,54,NULL1);
08'00:
flag = 1 ;
EndDialog(thg,TRUE); 5‘
return TRUE;
case IDCANCEL'
EndDialog(hDIg,FALSE); I
return TRUE;
break;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}

BOOL FAR PASCAL AboutDlgProc(HWND thg, WORD message, WORD wParam, LONG lParam)
{
switch (message)
( case WM_INITDIALOG:
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,10,userinfo.startcity, 1);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,1 1 ,userinfo.destcity, 1):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,12,userinfo.dayofyear, 1);
SetDlgltemlnt(hDig,13,userlnfo.rh, 1);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,14,userinfo.cloud, 1):

SetDlgltemlnt(thg,15,userinfo.prodwt, 1);

 

/*
*/

62

SetDlgltemlnt(thg,16,userinfo.expunlts, 1);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,1 7,userinfo.prodtype. 1 ):
SetDlgltemlnt(hDig,18,userinfo.loadtemp, 1):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,1 9.userinfo.thermoset, 1 );
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,71 ,r40,1):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,72,r60,1);
SetDlgltemlnt(thg.73,r80,1):
SetDlgltemlnt(thg,74.hc,1);

return TRUE;

case WM_COMMAND:

switch(wParam)
{
case IDOK:
userinfo.startclty =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,10,NULL,1)z
userinfodestclty =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,11,NULL.1);

userinfo.dayofyear =GetDlgltemint(thg,12,NULL1);

userinfo.rh =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,13,NULL.1);
userinfo.cloud =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,14,NULL.1);
userinfo.prodwt =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,15,NULL.1);
userinfo.expunits = GetDlgltemlnt(hDig.16,NULL.1 ):
userinfo.prodtype =GetDigltemlnt(thg,17,NULL.1):
userinfo.loadtemp =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,18,NULL.1);

userinfo.thermoset =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,19,NULL.1);
hc =GetDlgltemInt(thg,74,NULL,1);

fhc = hc/100.0;

63

r40 = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,71,NULL.1):
r60 = GetDlgltemlnt(hDig,72,NULL.1);
r80 = GetDlgltemint(hDIg,73,NULL.1):
Enlealog(thg,FALSE);

return TRUE;

case 25:
userinfo.startcity =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,10,NULL.1I;
userinfo.destclty =GetD|gltemlnt(thg,11,NULL1):

userinfo.dayofyear =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,12,NULL,1);

userinfo.rh = GetDlgltemlnt(thg,13,NULL,1);
userinfo.cloud =GetDlgltemint(hDig,14,NULL.1);
userinfo.prodwt =GetDlgltemlnt(hDig,15,NULL.1);
userinfoexpunits =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,16.NULL,1);
userinfo.prodtype =GetDIgltemlnt(hDIg,17,NULL,1);

userinfoJoadtemp =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,18,NULL.1);

userinfo.thermoset =GetDlgltemlnt(thg.19,NULL.1);

he =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,74,NULL.1I:
fhc = hc/100.0;

,40 =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,71,NULLJ):
,60 =GetDlgltemlnt(hDig,72,NULL.1I;
,30 =GetDlgltemlnt(thg,73,NULL.1I:
calcO.

 

EndDialog(thg.TRUE):

return TRUE;

case IDCANCEL;
EndDialog(thg,FALSE):
return TRUE:
}
break;
}

return FALSE;

}
long FAR PASCAL WndProc(HWND hwnd, WORD message, WORD wParam, LONG lParam)

{

static FARPROC lpanboutDlgProc;
static FARPROC IpaneftDlgProc;
static HANDLE hlnstance;
static FARPROC IpfnLineProc;
HDC hdc;

PAI NT STRUCT ps;

RECT rect;

HRGN hRgn;

POINT polnt;

HMENU hMenu;
HBRUSH hBrush;

HFONT hFont;

nob."

 

‘L

char szBufler[40]:

TEXTMET RIC tm;

int cltycnt,strcount,xpos,ypos;

static short chlient, cyClient, chhar,cyChar,chaps;
cltycnt=0;

switch(message)

{

case WM_CREATE:

hlnstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT)|Param)- > hlnstance;

lpanboutDlgProc = MakeProcl nstance(AbolegProc,hlnstance);

IpaneftDlgProc =MakeProclnstance(DeltDlgProc, hlnstance);

hdc=GetDC(hwnd):

GetTextMetrics(hdc.&tm);

chhar=tm.thveCharWidth;

chaps=(tm.thitchAndFamily 8: 1 ? 3: 2) * chhar /2 ;

cyChar=tm.thelght + tm.tmExtemalLeading;

ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc):

return 0;

case WM_COMMAND:

hMenu = GetMenu(hwnd);

switch(wParam)

{

case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hlnstance,'About80x',hwnd,lpanboutDlgProc):
invalidateRect(hwnd,NULL,TRUE);

return 0;

 

case IDM_DEF:
DlalogBox(hlnstance,'Deft‘.hwnd,!paneftDlgProc);
lnvalidateRect(hwnd,NULL.TRUE);
return 0;
}
break;
return 0;
case WM_LBUTI'ONDOWN:
return 0;
case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
flag=2;
lnvalidateRect(hwnd,NULLTRUE):
return 0;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPalnt(hwnd, &ps);
SetMapMode(hdc,MM__TEXT);
SetVieWportOrg(hdc.0,480):
SelectOb]ect(hdc,GetStockOb]ect(ANSi_VAR_FONT));
uslines(hdc);

SetTextColor(hdc.RGB(100.100250));

for (citycnt = 0;citycnt < 73;citycnt + + )
TextOut(hdc,ctemparr[citycnt].scrlongl,ctemparr[citycnt].scrlati,

ctemparr[citycnt].abv,3);

 

67

SetRect(&rect,100,-450,500,-20):

if (flag= =1){
FillRect(hdc,&rect,GetStockOb]ect(LTGRAY_BRUSH));
TextOut(hdc,120,-430,outarr[0],a0):

lf(OutOfReach = =0)

{ TextOut(hdc,120,-417,outarr[1],a1);
TextOut(l'idc.120,-404,outarr[2].a2):
TextOut(hdc,120,-391 ,outarr[3],a3);
for (stroount=0;stroount<24;strcount+ +)

{TextOut(hdc,120,-1 *(365-13*strcount),outarr[strcount + 4] ,lenstr[strcount] );

}

SelectObject01dc,GetStockOb)ect(WHlTE_BRUSH));
flag=0;
OutOfReach=0;
}
if (flag= =2) flag=0;

EndPalnt(hwnd,&ps):
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostOuitMessage(O):
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);

}

 

void calc(void)

I

int I,hFlle;

double nu, day, lat1, Iong1, lat2, longz, aht, bh1, al1, bl1, ah2, bh2, al2,
bl2, rh, cc, ln, wd, ht, btu. wt, 3. b, ti, tset, vel;

int hour;

double lat. tmln, tmax, dist, tim, sv, cv, st, ct, sd, cd, si, cl,
zen, r, dawn, dusk. lday. ao, al, sh. ch. sa,

insol, top, ff. fr. front, right, fb. fl, back, left, solar, te,

heq, duty, ta. ts, p, q, k1, k2, hi, ho, 1;

double tes,tes2;

double h;

double h1,h2;

double rsp;

/*float r40,r60,r60;Product heat coef at various temp*/
double hw, /*Wall Heat Transfer Coet*/

double tl1,tl2,th1,th2; /*NEW VARS FOR TEMP RECALC*/
double dtrv;

double c1,c2,c3; /*Line 500 of BASIC*/

static char *stileName=“test.txt";

static POFSTRUCT poi;

Iat1 = ctemparr[userinfo.startcity-1].iati;

long1 = ctemparr[userinfo.startcity-1].Iongi;

lat2= ctemparr[userinfo.destclty-1].lati;

Ion92= ctemparr[userinfo.destcity-1].Iongl;

day: userinfo.dayolyear;

ah1 = ctemparr[userlnfo.startclty—1].hia;
bh1 = ctemparr[userlnfo.startcityc1].hib;
alt = ctemparrluserlnfo.startcity-1].iowa;
b" = ctemparr[userinfo.startcity-1].lowb;
ah2= ctemparr[userinfo.destclty-1].hia;
bh2= ctemparrluserlnfo.destcity-1].hib;
alz= ctemparr[userlnfo.destclty-1].Iowa;
biz: ctemparr[userlnfo.destcltyo1].lowb;
rh = userinfo.rh;
= userinfo.cloud;
In = trailerdefJength;
= trailerdef.width;
ht = trailerdef.height;
btu= trailerdef.btu*100.0;
= trailerdef.hw/100.0:
= userinfo.prodwt*10.0;
nu = userinfo.expunits;
a = prodarr[userinfo.prodtype-1].rateca;
b = prodarr[userlnfo.prodtype-1].ratecb;
ti = userinfoJoadtemp;
tset= userinfo.thermoset;
tl1=al1 +bl1* pow( sin(3.14159*(day-16)/360),2);
t12 = al2 + bl2* pow( sln(3.14159*(day-16)/360),2);
th1=ah1+bh1* pow( sin(3.14159*(day-16)/360),2);
th2 = ah2 + bh2* pow( sln(3.14159*(day-16)/360).2);

for (i=0;i<28;l+ +) *outarr[i] ='\0';

70
OutOfReach=O;

lat = (lat1 + Iat2)/2;
if (fabs(lat) < = 66.5)
{
day= (day+ 10.5) *360.0 /365.0;

p = (cos(iat1*3.14159/180) + cos(iat2*3.14159/180) )/2;
q = POWI pow«|on92-|ona1)*p.2) + pow((lat24at1).2) . 05);
tes2 = q;

dist = 1.15 *3950 * q * 3.14159 / 180;

if (q< =0)

{ sv=1; cv=0;}

else

{ sV=Gong14on92)*p/q:
cv=(lat2-lat1)/Q:

}
st=sin(23.45*3.14159/180):
ct=cos(23.45*3.14159/180):
od=cos(day * 3.14159/180):
sd=sin(day * 3.14159/180):
sl=sin(lat*3.14159/180):
cl=cos(lat*3.14159/180):
If (sd= =0) sd=0.001;
zen=atan(-ct*cd/sd)*180/3.14159;
if (sd>0) zen=zen+180;
p=sqrt( pow(ol.2)- pow(st*cd.2) );
q=st*sl*cd:

71
ll (q= =0) q=0.001:
r=atan(p/q) * 180 / 3.14159;
if (r<O) r=r+180;
dawn=zen-r;
dusk=zen+r;
lday= (dusk-dawn)/15;
tmln= (tl1 +t12)/2;
tmax= (th1 +th2)/2; ‘
If (btu>0)
btu=btu/(1 +0.25*rh/100.0);
ao=2*(ln*wd+ln*ht+wd*ht);
al=6* pow((ln*wd*ht).0.6666666) * pow(nu,0.3333333):
fr40=r40*10.0;
fr60=r60*10.0;
fr80=r80*10.0;
c1 = 6*fr40 - 8*fr60 + 3*frBO;
c2= 7*fr40 - 12*f160+ 5*11‘80;
c3= 2*fr40 - 4*fr60 + 2*fl'80;
dtrv=o.0;
a0=sprintl(outarr[0],'Available daylight = %3.2f hrs, Dist: %3.2f",lday,dist);
a1 =sprlntf
(outarr[1],'Expected min and max temp are %3.21F and %3.2fF", tmin,tmax);
a2=sprlntf(outarr[2],'l'ravelling from %s to 963'.
ctemparr[userinfo.startcity-1 ].cityname.

ctemparr[userinfo.destclty-1 ].cityname);

 

72

a3=
sprintf(outarr[3],'l-lrs Past Dawn DIST TRAV Air Temp Skin Temp Load Temp
960W):
for (hour=1;hour<25;hour+ +)
I

dtrv=dtrv+speed[hour-1]; /*check subscrpts for speed[hour-1]*/
h1= (dawn+(hour-1)*15+1);

h2= h1+14;

 

for (h=h1;h<h2+1;h+ +)
{ sh = sln(h*3.14159/180);
ch = cos(h*3.14159/180);
sa = (ct*cl*sh-st*sl)*od-cl*ch*sd;
lnsoi=0; .
if (sa>0) insoi=442* pow(0.81,(1/sa)) *(1.1-cc/100)* 0.5;
top = lnsol*sa*ln*wd;
ff= (ct*(ch*sv-si*sh*cv)-st*cl*cv)*cd +
(sh*sv+ sl*ch*cv)*sd;
front = 0;
if (ff>0) front = insol*ff*wd*ht;
fr= (ct*(ch*cv+ sl*sh*sv) + st*cl*sv)*cd
+ (sh*cv-sl*ch*sv)*sd;
right = 0;
if (fr>0) right=insol*fr*ln*ht;
fb = -1 * ff;

back=0;

 

73
if (fb>0) back=lnsoi*fb*wd*ht;
fl=-1 * fr;
Ieft=0:
if (n>0) left=lnsol*fl*ln*ht;
solar=top + front + right + back + left;
/*outside airtemp, heat trans coeff, resp */
te = tmln + (tmax-tmin)*(h-dawn) /(zen-dawn);
if (n>zen)
te=tmax-(tmax-tmln)*(h-zen)/(dawn+360-zen);
hi = 1.15;
ho= 1.27 +9* pow((speed[hour-1]*1.0/65.0),0.8);
heq=1/(1/ho +1/hw +1/hl);
f=heq/ho:
rsp=(c1 - c2*(tl/40.0) + c3*pow((tl/40.0),2)) /2000.0;
rsp=rsp/24.0;
/*assuming heater/chiller not on*/
ta = (f*solar+ heq*ao*te + hi*al*tl) /(heq*ao + hi*al);
ts-‘-f*ta+(1-f)*(te+solar/(ho*ao)); I
duty=0;
if ( (btu= =0) l | ((btu>0) 8.8. (ta <tset)) | | ((btu<0)&&(ta>tset)))
I k1=(rsp*wt)/(hi*a|);
k2=(hi*al)/(wt*fhc); /*dlvide by 0*/
tl=ta+k1+(tl-ta-k1)*exp(-k2/15);
}
else

{ta=tset;

74
ts = f*ta + (1 ~f)*(te + (solar/(ho*a0))):
q = hpapmu) + {*soiar + heq*ao*(te-ta):
duty =100*q/btu:
if (duty < 100)
{
k1 = (rsp*wt)/(hl*al);
k2 = (hi*al)/(wt*fhc);
ti = ta + k1 + (tl-ta-k1)*exp(-k2/15):
}

else{ ta = ("solar + heq*ao*te + hl*ai*tI-btU) /(09CI*3° + hi*al);

ts = {*ta + (1 -f)*(te+ solar/(ho*ao)):
duty: 100:
k1 = (rsp*wt) /(hi*al);
k2 = (WWI/(WWW):
tl =ta+ k1 + (tl-ta-k1)*exp(-k2/15):
} /*end else*/
}/*end else*/
}/*new end for */
lenstr[hour-i] =
sprintf(outarr[hour+3],' %2.0d 964-”
%4.1f 964.1f\n',hour,dtrv,te,ts,tl,duty):
/*end for*/
}/*end for*/
}/*end if lat<65 */

}/*end calc*/

%4.1f

%4.1f

APPENDIX C
CDP Program In BASIC

10 DIM VEL(24)
20 PRINT “enter latitude & longitude of start point in degrees':lNPUT LAT1,LONG1
30 PRINT “enter latitude & longitude of destination In degrees':lNPUT LAT2,LONGZ
40 PRINT'enter departure day of year from Jan 1 (Jan1=1)":INPUT DAY
50 PRINT'enter low & high temperatures at start point In deg F':INPUT TL1,TH1
60 PRINT'enter low & high temperatures at destination In deg F':INPUT TL2,TH2
70 PRINT'enter the expected relative humidity In %':INPUT RH
80 PRINT‘enter the expected cloud cover in %':INPUT CC
90 PRINT'enter trailer length,width & height in ft':INPUT LN,WD,HT
100 PRINT "enter trailer wall heat transfer coeff in Btu/hr/sq.ft/F':INPUT HW
110 PRINT'enter cooling system capacity In Btu/hleNPUT BTU
120 PRINT'enter total product weight In lbs':INPUT WT
130 PRINT "enter the number of exposed units'2INPUl' NU
140 PRINT “enter product specific heat in Btu/lb/F':INPUT HC
150 PRINT'enter product respiration rates at 40.60.& 80 F in Btu/ton/day':INPUT R40,R60,R80
160 PRINT'enter product loading temperature in deg F':INPUT TL
170 PRINT'enter the thermostat set point temperature in deg F“:INPUT TSET
180 PRINT'enter avg travel speeds in mph every hr beginning with dawn”
190 FOR HOUR=1 TO 24
200 INPUT VEL(HOUR)
210 NEXT HOUR
220 REM: begins distance & length of day calculations
230 IF ABS(LAT1)<66.5 AND ABS(LAT2) <66.5 THEN 250

240 PRINT “forget it! - you’re in the artlc/antartlc circle“ : STOP

75

76
250 LAT=(LAT1+LAT2)/2
260 DAY= (DAY +10.5)*360/365
27o P=(COS(LAT1*3.14159/180) +COS(LAT2*3.14159/180))/2
280 Q = SQR(((LONG2-LONG1)*P)"2 + (LAT2-LAT1)"2)
290 DIST=1.15*3950*O*3.14159/180
300 IF Q>0 THEN 320
310 SV=1 :CV=0 : GOTO 330
320 SV= (LONG1-LONG2)*P/O : CV = (LAT2-LAT1)/O
330 ST=SIN(23.45*3.14159/180) : CT=COS(23.45*3.14159/180)
340 SD=SIN(DAY*3.14159/180) : CD=COS(DAY*3.14159/180)
350 SL=SIN(LAT*3.14159/180) : CL=COS(LAT*3.14159/180)
360 iF SD=0 THEN SD=.000001
370 ZEN =ATN(-CT*CD/SD)*180/3.14159
380 IF SD>0 THEN ZEN=ZEN+180
390 P = SQR(CL"2-(ST*CD)"2) : O = ST*SL*CD
400 IF O=0 THEN O=.000001
410 R=ATN(P/Q)*180/3.14159
420 IF R<0 THEN R=R+180
430 DAWN=ZEN~R : DUSK=ZEN+R
440 LDAY=(DUSK-DAWN)/15
450 REM: min/max temps, RH effects, heat transf areas. resp coeffs
460 TMIN= (TL1+TL2)/2 : TMAX= (TH1+TH2)/2
470 IF BTU>0 THEN BTU=BTU/(1+.25*RH/100)
480 AO=2*(LN*WD+LN*HT+WD*HT)
490 AL=6*(LN*WD*H‘I)"(2/3)*NU"(1/3)

500 CI =6*R40-8*R60+3*R80 : C2=7*R40-12*R60+5*R80 : C3=2*R40-4*R60+2*R80

510 DTRV=0

520 PRINT'distance = ';DIST;' miles'

530 PRINT 'avaIIable daylight = ';LDAY;" hrs”

540 PRINT'expected min and max air temperatures are ';TMIN;"F and ";TMAX;'F"
550 PRINT

560 PRINT'hrs past dawn disttrav alrtemp skintemp Ioadtemp % duty”
570 PRINT USING“ ######.#';0,0,TMIN,TMIN,TL,0

580 REM: begins tlme study; calculates every 4 min, prints every hr

590 FOR HOUR=1 TO 24

600 DTRV=DTRV+VEL(HOUR)

610 H1 =DAWN+(HOUR-1)*15+1 :H2=H1+14

620 FOR H=H1TO H2

630 SH=SIN(H*3.14159/180) : CH=COS(H*3.14159/180)

640 SA= (CT*CL*SH-ST*SL)*CD-CL*CH*SD

650 REM: solar Insolatlon part; 10% diffuse, 50% absorption

660 INSOL=0 : IF SA>0 THEN lNSOL=442*.81"(1/SA)*(1.1-CC/100)*.5

670 TOP=INSOL*SA*LN*WD

680 FF= (CT *(CH*SV-SL*SH*CV)-ST*CL*CV)*CD + (SH*SV+ SL*CH*CV)*SD
690 FRONT =0 : IF FF>0 THEN FRON'I’=INSOL*FF*WD*HT

700 FR = (CT *(CH*CV + SL*SH*SV) + ST*CL*SV)*CD + (SH*CV-SL*CH*SV)*SD
710 RIGHT=0 : IF FR>0 THEN RIGHT=INSOL*FR*LN*HT

720 FB=-FF

730 BACK=0 : IF FB>0 THEN BACK=INSOL*FB*WD*HT

740 FL=-FR

750 LEFT =0 : IF FL>0 THEN LEFT=INSOL*FL*LN*HT

760 SOLAR = TOP+FRONT+ RIGHT+BACK+ LEFT

 

78
770 REM: outside aIr temp, heat transf coeffs, respiration
780 TE =TMIN + (T MAX-TMIN)*(H-DAWN) / (ZEN-DAWN)
790 IF H>ZEN THEN TE=TMAX-(TMAX-TMIN)*(H-ZEN)/(DAWN+360-ZEN)
800 HI=1.15
810 HO = 1 .27+9*(VEL(HOUR)/65)".8
820 HEQ=1/(1/HO+1/HW+1/HI)
830 F = HEQ/HO
840 RSP = (CI -CZ*(TL/40) + 03*(TL/40)"2)/2000/24
850 REM: begins by assuming chiller/heater not on
860 TA= (F*SOLAR + HEQ*AO*TE + HI*AL*TL)/(HEQ*AO + HI*AL)
870 TS = F*TA + (1 -F)*(TE + SOLAR /(I-IO*AO))
880 DUTY=0 : IF BTU=0 THEN 1000
890 IF BTU>0 AND TA<TSET THEN 1000
900 IF BTU <0 AND TA>TSET THEN 1000
910 REM: If chiller/heater on, assumes capacity adequate & checks
920 TA=TSET
930 TS = F*TA+ (1 -F)*(T E + SOLAR/(HO*AO))
940 Q = HI*AL* (TL-TA) + F*SOLAR + HEQ*AO*(TE-TA)
950 DUTY=100*O/BTU : IF DUTY<100 THEN 1000
960 REM: If chiller/heater capacity Inadequate, recalculates
970 TA= (F*SOLAR + HEQ*AO*TE + HI*AL*TL-BTU) /(HEQ*AO + HI*AL)
980 T8 = F*TA + (1 -F)*(T E + SOLAR / (HO*AO))
990 DUTY = 100
1000 K1 =(RSP*WT)/(HI*AL) : K2=(HI*AL)/(WT*HC)
1010 TL=TA+ K1 + (TL-TA-K1)*EXP(-K2/15)
1020 NEXT H

 

79
1030 PRINT USING" ######.#";HOUR,DTRV,TE,TS,TL,DUTY
1040 NEXT HOUR
1050 END

APPENDIX D

The twelve maps in this appendix show the high and low
temperatures of various major cities in the United States
throughout the year. They are reproduced from the book
"Packaging for the Small Parcel Environment", 1976, with

permission from the United Parcel Service.

81

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93
LIST OF REFERENCES

Burgess, G., A Male] for Tempg’atpre Va_r_iat_ions Inside Trailers and Railms,

Consortium of Distribution Packaging Report, Michigan State University, 1992.

Macro, A., Spfflm Engingring; gongpg gpd Management, Prentice Hall, 1990.

Mayrhauser, A., En in tin ° Meth s and Mana emen , Academic Press,

1990.

MigroSpft 593mm Qevelppment Kit Reference 3.0, Microsoft, 1990

Microsoft Q QQ Refereng, Microsoft, 1990

Packaging for the §mall ngl Environment, United Parcel Service, 1976.

Petzold, C., Quid; tp Windows Applications Development, Microsoft Press, 1991.

Pressman, R., 39mg: Engineering - A Beginner’s Guide, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1988.

94

Smith, D. & Wood, K., En ineerin ualit 0 ar - A Review of Current Practices
.19.: c, .. ._ ic-l'n ' 1 in w M m .. . D-vlnment Tool , Second

Edition, Elsevier Applied Science, 1989.

Sneed, H., Software Engineering Management, Halsted Press, 1989.

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