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MSU In An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution
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COMPARATIVE wars on man LIGHTING PLANTS.

.A THESIS
Submitted to tho Pboulty'ot the

IIICHIGAH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

By

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Hi“ V.‘ gym G. EJhLInkton

Condidoteo for the Dogroo or

Booholor of Balance.

Juno, 1920.

. PREFACE

The authors in the selection of this thesis
did so with the following objects in mind.

First; That by so doing they would be better
acquainted with the principle of various types of
farm lighting plants.

Second; That these plants could be studied
and enough data taken during the tests whereby the
farmer might learn the necessary points of construction
and the performce of each type of plant, so that he
migxt get the best plant for hie use; such as
efficiency of the plant and its out-put.

'l'hird; That we might give to the institution
some data in compact form so that it might be looked

over and comparative tests run at any time.

The thesis itself consists of a series of
tests run on a number of farm lighting plants which
could be easily understood by the lsymn and he can
drew his conclusions. very easily.

In preparing this thesis we were very un-
fortunate, due to the fact that it was possible to
obtain only a limited number of plants.

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The railroad conditions were such that the
plants promised us did not arrive in time to use and
run extended tests upon them, therefore we were

compelled to use only the plants around the college.
which could be brought in easily.

INTRODUCTION .

All farm ligiting plants generally consist of
a gasoline engine and generator, most of them having
a battery in addition for stand-by service, while others
are automatically controlled.

The plants using a storage battery for stand-
by service must be run at certain intervals to keep the
battery at a fully charged condition as near as
possible so that the full load can be carried without
injury to the battery and also that it may be available
at all times.

The automatic lighting plant is so constructed,
so that by turning on a light the plant is mtomati cally
started, there-by furnishing the necessary current. The
use of this plant demands that the engine and generator
be running whenever lights are required, this also
does away with a battery, except as a starter for the

@811".

This thesis contains only the tests made upon
plants which included a storage battery.

 

.‘

TEST Ho. 1. Efficiency Test.

Readings were taken of line voltage and current,
the battery voltage and hydrometer readings also the
amount of gasoline used. The time of the test was

noted and the efficiency computed from this data.
TEST Ho. 2. Out-put Test.

Readings of the voltage and current were taken
at various loads. a rheostat was used as a load and
the battery out off. This test shows the characteristic
voltage and current relations of the plant.

TEST Ho. 3. Efficimcy of the plant at

various loads.

Readings of the line voltage and current were
taken. A definite load was applied and the quantity
of gasoline used was accurately measured, also the
length of the test was noted. The effeciency of the
plant was then computed and plotted. A larger load was
then applied and the same readings takm as before.

Curves of these tests were drawn showing the out-
put at various loads, also the efficiency of each plant
at different loads.

 

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The efficiencies were determined as follows:

Line volta e 3 current 1 time x 2546 _

 

2546 . no. or B. T. U. For H. P. hr.
746 s Watts per E. B.
18800 - Assumed B. T. U. per lb. of gas.

PLANT VA”.

Efficiency Test No. 1. DATA
Voltage Amperes Time Hydrometer Weight of Gas.

 

38 ‘8.2 1:24 1225

39.4 10.3 1:40 '

39 9.6 1:50 '

39.5 9.8 2:00 '

39.5 9.6 2:10 "

39.5 9.2 2:20 “ 3.75 #
39.5 9.20 2:30 7

39.3 9.0 2:40 “

40.0 8.6 2:50 1255

40.0 0.4 3:00 7

40.0 7.8 3:10 "

40.0 7.8 3:20 7

41.0 7.6 3:30 1240

41.0 7.6 3:40 '

42.0 7.4 3:50 "

42.0 7.3 4:00 '

42.1 6.4 4:10 ‘ "

42.0 6.0 4:16 1245

40.2 8.86 2.866 3.75 i of Gas.
computations:

 

3'86: x 3%”2'1'3'3'7'58'86 I 3545 .- 4.84 73 Thermal Efficiency.

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PLAIT ”A".
Test lo. 2.
Characteristic Out-put Test.

DATA

Volts Amps.
40 10
4O 11
40 12
38 . 6 13
37.5 14
37 15
37 15. 8
37 16 .45
36 17
36 18.2

Q

Temperature rise of field coils 30 - 40 degrees F.

 

 

 

_ _.—_...-._ w—

BLANT FA"
Test No. 3.
Efficiency of Plant at various loads.

Voltage mores Time in hours Wat. of Gas/1": Eff. %.

39.125 7.075 .456 .475 4.84‘%
37.33 9.9 .394 .48 5.5 %
31.875 12.36 .478 .485 7.02 %
’24.22 14.25 .472 .5 5.92 %
Computations:

39e125 I 7e075 1 e466 1 8545 ‘ ‘.84 % ‘t on, Ml: 10‘4.
x t e

37.33 x 9.9 x .394. x 254.5 . _
W; 00 x .{g 5-5 % at three quarters load.

 

12s“ x 31.876 x .478 x 2546 . 7.02 % ‘t 6/7 1°.de
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1‘e25 1:24.22 I‘d/’2 x 2546 ‘ 5.92 % at Ml 10310

 

 

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PLAIT '6"
Tent No. 1.
Effioionoy'relt.

 

Volta Anporon Time Hydromotur Weight of Gas.
39.6 16 1:66 1856

40. 16.8 8:86 1840

40. 16.8 8:40 1860

60. 16.4 3:00 1860 8.68 #
40. 16.8 1860

40. 14. 3:40 1860

40. 18. 3:50 1265

40. 10.6 4:00 1870

60. 16. 4:16 1876

39.9 14.8 8:33 Hrs.

2.53 2.39.9 1.2646

. 9.69 % Thermal offloionq.

PLANT "B"
TOSt N00 2.

Characteristic Out-put Tout.

Volt-

36
36
36
36
35.5
35
36
36

35.5
35

32333

Tdnpornturo rise or 116163

Amps.
6.7
7.0
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9.3

10.4

11.2

11.9

13.4

14.2

15.3

16.6

15.

17.2

18.3

22.

21.

30 - 40 degree. I.

PLANT ”3"
Test 60. 3.
Efficiency of plat at various loads.

Voltage more. Time in hours Weight of Geo/i“e 8:1. 96

67. 10.86 .404 .766 6. 9’6

49.6 14.95 .434 .767 7.686 7:

40. 80. .86 .346 10.49 %
Computations :

57 I 10.25 I .404 I 2545 . 5% it 1/3 19.1.
I x 0

49.6 x 1:33 a: :34 x 2545 . 7.52571. at

40. x 80 x .86 x 8646 I, 10 49% ‘1; full load
’13 x 15366 x egg . .

 

 

 

 

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PLANT "0”. Tent 10. 1.
D111. Efficiency Tout.

 

Vbltago Amparo: Tim. lydromntur Whight of gun used.
49. 15 1:50 1175
49. 14.5 2:00 "
49. 14.5 2:10 '
49. 13. 2:20 "
49. 14.5 2:30 "
49. 14.5 2:40 "
49. 14.25 2:50 1200
49. 14.50 3:00 "
49. 14.50 3:10 "
49. 14.25 3:20 '
49. 14.25 3:30 "
49. 14.26 3:40 "
48.5 14.25 3:50 "
48.5 14.25 4:00 "
48. 14.25 4:10 ”
48. 14.25 4:20 "
48. 14.25 4:30 "
48. 14.25 4:40 "
48. 14.25 4:50 "
48. 14.25 5:00 "
41.75 13.75 5:10 "
48. 13.50 5:20 "
48. 14.75 5:30 1225 4 i10.5 as.
48.5 14.25 3 hours 40 min.
Computationl:

nu.- .. nonnn up A REA

- 9.94 13 Therm Effloionoy.

 

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PLANT ”0"
TCBt l0. 2.
Charqotoristio Out-put Tpat.

D114
Volta Amputee
58. 10.5
54.' 12.
50. 13.
48. 14.
45. 15.
43. 16.
41. 17.
36. 18.5
30. 22.
26. 24.
20. 26.5

romperntnro Rise 35 - 40 Deer... r.

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PLANT “0"
Test Ho. 3.
Efficienqy ot’Plant at Vatican Loads.

Vbltago .Amporol Tim. 1n Hours W31. at 055/?

58 . 10 . 25 . 25 . 604
54. 75 12. 7 .35 . 5235
43.75 16.36 .36 .646
35. 6 20 . .1835 .3422
Conantation:

58. x 10.25 x .35 x 2545 ,
x. 8 2.. 4 6’2‘9 %

“075 X 12.7 I 055 I 2546 .g 8.48 %
z. 8 x .

45.75 x 15.35 x .555 x 2545 _ 7,4 7;

35.6 x 20 x .1835 x 2545 . 5.93 a; 11: ml 10“,
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32:. 76
5.249%
5.43 a:
7.4 76
6.92 76

 

 

 

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Plant "D"
TCBt NO. 2.
Characteristic Out-put Tout.

Volta Amperao.
46. 15.2
51. 15.
55. 14.4
58. 13.4
62. 12.
63.5 11.2
64.25 10.4
67. 9.8
69.5 9.0
71.5 8.1
76. 6.8
78.5 4.5
84. 3.8
87. 2.5
89.5 1.8
91. 1.0

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PLANT "D"

TCBt lo.

3.

14

Efficiency of Blunt at various Loads.

7015235 Ammcrcc Tim. in Hrs.

79.61 6.86
52.14 13.94
47.4 18.2
40. 25.2

, 34. 30.
Commutction:

79.61 x 6.86 x .08 x 2546

X x.c‘

.08
.089
.146
.083
.10

52.14 x 13.94 x .009 x 2545

x. x 02

‘704 2.1808 1 .146 x 2546

X 1..

40 x 25.2 x .083 x 2546
x x . ?

34:30:.10x2546 .11.5%

x. x c ?

a 14.2 56

I 3072‘%

I 6032 %

- 10034 %

of Gas/i: Eff. 96

.225 5.72 %
.2552 5.52 7%
.22 10.54 as

.106? 14.2 %
.1595? 11.5 %

 

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16

CONCLUSION .

The results from this thesis point out that
each plant has its relative merits. Some of them would
be advantageous to the plant and some of them would be

advantageous to the user.

The results taken from the test on ”Plant A"
show that it has the lowest efficiency of the three
plants. It my be considered as a constant voltage
plant, the voltage dropping about five volts from
practically no load to twenty percent over load. Its
efficiency is highest between three-quarters and full
load.

Ho trouble was encountered in starting and
operating this plant. It has a high speed engine,
it being directly connected to the generator which was
rated at 1800 R. P. l.

The results taken from the test on "Plant B"
show that it has a rather high effieiency. It has the
best efficiency at full load. The voltage is practically
constant from no load to full load, dropping off very
little at twenty-five percent overload. Quite a little
trouble was met in starting which was found to be in
the carburetor. It being one that. was very difficult
to adjust.

16

The speed was moderate, running in the

neighborhood of 1000 R. P. M.

"Plant 0" was not quite as efficient as
”Plant A", it having the highest efficiency between
one-half and three-quarters load. at full load the
efficiency was rather low. It is far from a constant
voltage plant. The test showed the voltage dropped
from 60 volts at practically no-load to 20 volts at
twenty-five percent over-load. This plant Operates at
1000 R. P. M. No trouble in starting or running was

encountered.

"Plant D“ is a new plant, it being Just re-
ceived from the factory. The efficiency is rather good
for its type of construction. The engine is not auto-
matically governed and has to be regulated by the
throttle in the carburetor. The voltage regulation is
rather poor but is fairly well governed when the battery
is in the circuit.

0f the four plants tested two of them have
bear used for demonstrating purposes mostly, the other
two have been used for extensive tests; the students
have overhauled them and made a careful study of the

plants .

When buying a farm lighting plant the following

points are almost necessary to know; How much of a load

 

 

 

h..._—_____.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17

is expected on the plant, will it carry the load over
an extended period or at a peak load? How is the
efficiency, is the plant simple of construction and
easy to Operate not needing an engineer to take care

of it while running? The batteries are a very
important part of the plant, their type and construction
is necessary to note as the life of the plant and its
ability to hold up depends upon the battery.

 

5‘3--

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INDEX

Page
Introduction ............ ‘ - .. .. .. 1
Character of Tests ------------- 2
Tests
Plant.A -------------- 4
Plant B .............. 7
Plant c .............. 10
Plant D .............. 13

Conclusion ................ 15

Plants tested in this thesis were
Plant A Lallev Light Plant

Plant B Genco Light Blant

Plant C Delco Electric Light Plant

Blant D United Engine Comoanys Light alant.

 

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