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MSU chn Affirmative Adm/Equal Opportunity Inflation
mm1

THE FOUL MATERIALS .133. WHEAT.

An Original Invnstipation
Made bv
?'aM/
Georgp NQJGould,
-——.
Durinq tkc Winter Term

At tkp

Mirth 1mm Agricultural 001190,".

1999.
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in,

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2:; .

'1‘“? F0111 Mut‘rials in Wheat.

T¥e objbct of this investigatinn was to find out the dif-
f°rPnL substancns which t“? farmsr sells wiL‘h his whpat, and
to dfitsrminfi, in a way, the various weeds which are grown and
harvvstOd with tho wknat. In ordor to carry out this invosti-
gation, snvsrul samrles of scrcanincs wars soourrd from the
different hurts in tkb Various mills in Lansing and Ckpmos.
Each Sumvlfi was pxamitrd snparatnly anfl thp ssvsral substancps
wprp plaaod in sphar‘atp bottlbs For futwrn r¢99r°nnp. In a1}
thp Samrlrs fixuminbd forLy-two diffprcnt kinds of substannns
were DrGSPnt.

Following is a lisL of the various srnds and fou1 stuffs

found?-

Beuns, brokbn wk0at, bull tkistlo,

bit of Patton wood, Canada thistlb, chnss,

clnvrr, cnqkln, curlfid leaf dock,
cksrry buds, Gut tails sxcrpmrnt of fouls,
pxcrpmpnt o? insects,qrrrn foxtail, Juns qrass,

knot grass, outs, niqoon grass,

piq weed, portions of inscots,hoads of June grass,

prickloy lpttucp, Ditch forks,(stick tights)

rye, sand and pravnl, Small stonés,
stem of rap webd, smart wopd, smut,

straws ntrnr tran wrpat,srrwrkrn wrbat, ti“q op ”rout,

white Caps, Whput W9uV91,{grunura oalandrp),
”Input tkipf,(l'pd. POOt), 3701an 0091(1“,

Out of this liSt miqrt b? sriontrd rrP, ohnss, rod root
and cookie as trF worst ores witr W? or the farner has Lo con-
tfind.

In idsntifrinq 12‘"p diffvront substarnrs, I havp bvpn haIDPd
by Dr.BPa1, Prof.WherIFr and Mr.P¢LLit, and have had accoss to
tre rxtpnsivp colipotion of SPPdS proparcd by the Iatp Mr.Hioks
for comparison.

In classifying trn various srpds, I find that trsv belong
to the srvsn diffrrvrt fanilies as follows:-

Amarantaceap, Div Wpfid.

Compositap, common currir thistle, Canada thistle, bidpns
frondosis, burdook, Drinkiy lettuon.

CaryonryllaOPafi, oooklr.

Gramincap, ryr, oats, chpsr, foxtail.

HaemodoracPaE, whcat trioflrpd root).

LpnumiLOSaP, ciovnr.

POIyRONuCPaP, sorrrl, smart wrcd, dock.

It may be of intorest to Lrosr who have ncvrr visitrd tr°
flourita miils to know just “ow tr“ various Substanofis arn sep—
arated from We wrr‘at. Aftmr trr‘ grain has boon thrown into

tho HOPDPr and writhd, it is pIbvatmi tn tr“ tor of thp H111

whorn it DaSRPS ovnr a snrirs of sisvrs, tr“ first on“ Having
a mosk suffioisntlv Iarqs to allow tr? kbrnri of wrsat to YaSs
throuph, but will rstaih tbs largsr substanors suor as SfVUAxS,
stick, stc. TVs wrrat rsYt Tassss ovsr a somnwrat firsr sisvs,
which rstairs th’ wrsat and ailows tr? finrr matorials to pass
through. Trs wheat trus sonaratsd from the IaPRO and sma‘l ma—
tPrials, next passrs into a raridly rsvolvina cylindrr and tre
wrsat is trrown “sitin firsat V°IOOILV against its siis. Tris
strikino or rubbihq iL somr oasrs, tsnds to knock off tho dust,
Smut, small hairs and otrsr matsrials which mar ravr oolirotsd
and trus tr? kornnl is mad' rsrfnot‘r disan. This rrvoivinq
erindcr wriok I rav“ inst drsnrib’d is what is krown to t“?
millsr as tMs "Smutt'r". Aftsr t1m wkrat *as passsd through
this maorirr, it nsxt floss ovsr to a fire sisvs which ras a
stronv uh draPt, sausrd by a rwrid rsvoivinq fan in the sud

of a long tuhn, muck tr? Sam? as trs dustsrs in larqn saw-
mills. Hsrs, by moans of tris uh draft, tho wrsat is frsrd
from the IaSt traoss of foul matsrial and is rrasr to or mad“
into rour. Th0 Wbrd which most aftcr nscanos brin romovrfi
ans causes ths miiisr muor troubis is tho nooklr; owinc to its
8126, bbinr {Parly r‘qual t0 trut of t*0 wkrat, ard its wsisrt,
it is oftpn srounfi into flour ans is vnry obfisotionahln, as

trp dark oovsrinn forms blank srscks in tr" hrodunt.

7““ 1““10 05 andg is sxtrnwrly intprsstirr from two

v3

 

practical Standroints, namsly, that of tho millsr, and of the
farmor. It is of intrrest to tho farmor, not only on account
of trsir addins WFiQrt to to? grain, but from tlm fact that it
requirss a oonsidorablp amount of labor and machinrrv to r?-
movs tksm. From thr farmsr's standhoint it is intsrsstinq
from tho fact that He may know such woeos ars liabln to ho
found and mav thus b? constantly on tos alert for thsm. Many
woods kavn become so abundant and of long standing that the
absraqs farrcr nassos trsm or urnoticsd. Trosc woods arc rars-
1y considorso oy mary as such: tnsv arc, rowpvsr, objsctiona~
bls, and svrrv Trocaution should ho takrn to sxtsrminats trsm.
To tell how to kill t1“p various words would on too long
a Story to begin at this time, out the annual weed may b9
chockod bv dissing and cuttinq down osfors troy seed. This
would thsrminate trs wsvd, oncs For all, wors it not for tre
fact that manv sssds, whsn burisd in t,“r around, will rntain
trsir vitality for Six, sight ard somstimss fiftspn vcars, and
trsn, if brouqrt undsr favorahls circumstancss, will qsrminats
and nroducr otrsr orors. So, tr? farmsr must no OOnStantly on
ouari in ordsr to mako anv hcadwav towards dostroVinq trom.
In tho cases of pcrennial aLd biennial weeds, the treatment is
diffsrsnt. If tr“ Flants arc out fsw in numoor, t1"s tons may
on cut off, just bolow tho crown, and common salt or (rudc

sulphuric acid, drornOd on tre frssr out, will b0 found vsry

 

offsctual. If tho natcr is lavas, thorourr cultivation, so
troroush that not a SFPur of arson is allownd to annoar above
tr? Surfacs, will in a comparativsly short time, Starve tho
plant to dsatr ard furtrsr annoyanco will no nrsvontsd.

In caso of trs wrsds rofrrrrd to as coins tro worst oncs
in wheat, rys, cross, cockl’ ard rod root, aftsr trsy ones
havs startrd to Grow, littls can on dons to crook tron or to
nrsvcrt trsm Prom sssdins unlsss troy ars rullsd uh bv the
roots. This is a tedious job, out in manv casss it must be
dons in ordsr trat to? whsat may bs markst°d, as trs majority
of millsrs at tho prosont tims refuss to our w%0at which con—
tains tress substanoss, and csneciallv arr too? trsjudicsd a—
gainSL ryr. So it is of tr? utmost imUOrtancs that tho grain
raiscrs kren a conSLant watch upon trsir ficlds and provont
trs growth of any obnoxious nlants.

In tr“ cass of storsd grains trcrs is arsat liability, if
ksnt for sonrtimc, for trs qrain to brooms in“rstsd with small
bootlrs wriclo born into tr" ksrnol, or with trs larVa of an
insoct, wricl1 livos upon tho grain. Both of those DPStS may
bs dostroysd by tr" fumos of carbon hisulohids, ons pound to
ons rundrsd cubic foot of air spacs, or formalins. The formcr
is vsry sxtlosivs wksn brouqrt in contact wit.lo a flams and
hsncp thorn should or Ercat caution in using it. With forma-

lins, thounh comnarativrly a nsw substancp to us, it has provsn

very Pffnctivb, and its uso is to os rocommondod ovrr that

of carbon bisulnrido.

 

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