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This is to certify that the

thesis entitled

FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF CRAYON VIA FOURIER *
TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPEOTONETRY (FTIR) ‘
AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/ENERGY
OISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY (SEN-IS) L
l
l
I
|
l

presented by

Chrsistopher R. Bomarito

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

11.8. degree in Criminal Justice

 

A»,
/fldajor péfessor

Date 20 [1WJN 3506/

0-7 639 MS U is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution

 

 

 

LIBRARY
Michigan State
University

 

 

 

PLACE IN RETURN Box to remove this checkout from your record.
TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due.
MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested.

 

DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE

 

thrttéhr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6/01 cJCIRC/DateOuop65-p15

FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF CRAYON VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED
SPECTOPHOTOMETRY (FTIR) AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/
ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY (SEM-EDS)

By

Christopher R. Bommarito

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE
School of Criminal Justice

2001

ABSTRACT
FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF CRAYON VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED
SPECTOPHOTOMETRY (FTIR) AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/
ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY (SEM-EDS)
By
Christopher R. Bommarito

In this study, the use of SEM/EDS were explored to differentiate between
different brands of crayons. Fourteen different brands of crayons were obtained by the
author from local stores. One blue crayon and one red crayon from each brand were
visually color matched and selected for' analysis. Examination of color alone was found
to be a poor discriminator for crayon analysis as the apparent color was highly dependent
on sample thickness. Each of the fourteen different brands of crayon could be
differentiated via either their FTIR spectra or elemental analysis of extenders via
SEM/EDS. Elements quantified and compared via EDS analysis were silicon,
magnesium, aluminum and calcium. It was also found that inorganic extender pigments,
present in all the crayons tested, were poorly dispersed in some brands of crayon,
resulting in random pockets of extenders throughout the crayon. These pockets were
visualized using a backscatter detector coupled with the scanning electron microscope
(SEM/BSD) which enhances atomic number contrast. When a person writes with this
type of crayon, “bands” of the extender pigment are transferred to the written page and
can be visualized by SEM/BSD. The bands of extender pigment can then be compared to
test samples produced with the suspect crayon. Since these bands are the result of a

random distribution of extender pigment, it is possible under certain circumstances to

individualize a portion of handwriting to a single crayon.

Table Of Contents

List Of Tables and Figures

2.

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.

4.

4.1
4.2
4.3

5.

Introduction

Crayons
Determination Of Protocol
Relation of Crayons to Other Materials
Selection of Analytical Methods
Vehicle
Pigments and Extenders

Experimental

Materials

Color

FTIR Analysis

SEM/EDS Analysis

Possible Individualization Of Crayon Writing
Conclusions

Analysis Protocol

Areas for Future Research

Remarks

References

Appendix 1. Instrumental Design & Theory

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR)
Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry

(SEM/EDS)
A. Electron Gun
B. Magnetic Lenses
C. Specimen-Beam Interactions & Detectors

D. SEM Sample Requirements & Vacuum Systems

Appendix 2. FTIR Spectra

Appendix 3. SEM-EDS Spectra

iv

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10
10
11
13
18
23
23
25
25
27
28

28
31

32
33
35
39
41

70

Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:

Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Figure 9:

Figure 10:
Figure 11:
Figure 12:
Figure 13:
Figure 14:
Figure 15:
Figure 16:

List of Tables

Brands and manufacturing information of crayons used
Comparison of elemental ratios of two brands of crayon

Summary of SEM-EDS data
Regions of IR radiation

List of Figures

Graphical representation of red crayon elemental data

Graphical representation of blue crayon elemental data

Secondary electron image of crayon tip

Secondary electron image of crayon writing
Backscatter image of crayon tip with well-dispersed extenders
Backscatter image of crayon writing with well-dispersed extenders
Backseatter image of crayon tip with poorly dispersed extenders
Backseatter image of crayon writing with poorly dispersed extenders
Schematic of dispersive IR spectrophotometer

Schematic of Michelson interferometer

Schematic of a SEM and electron beam

Schematic of electron gun and electromagnetic lines of force
Schematic of a pole piece lens and electromagnetic lines of force
Schematic of beam shaping and deflecting electromagnetic lenses
Specimen-beam interactions
Effect of topography on secondary electron escape

10
14
15
28

16
17
20
20
21
21
22
22
29
3O
31
32
33
34
35
36

1. Introduction

Crayons are infrequently submitted as evidence to forensic laboratories. Of the
over 60,000 cases1 received by the Michigan State Police forensic laboratory system
(MSP) in calendar year 1999, only two involved the analysis of crayon. One of the cases
involved handwriting in crayon, the other involved “tire marking” crayon transferred in a
hit and run motor vehicle accident. Because crayons are infrequently encountered, no
procedures are delineated for the analysis of crayon in any forensic literature.

Current American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors (ASCLD) guidelines2
require: 1.4.2.5) Procedures used must be generally accepted in the field or
supported by data gathered and recorded in a scientific manner.

1.4.2.6) New technical procedures must be validated to prove their
efficacy in examining evidence material before being implemented on casework.

1.4.2. 7) The laboratory must maintain written copies of appropriate
technical procedures.

Technical procedures generally arise from research either published or presented
at scientific meetings. Since little information has been presented or published on the
analysis of crayon, it would directly benefit the forensic science community for such
information to be presented and published in a forensic journal. The protocols
demonstrated in this thesis might then be adopted by individual laboratories and used
when they encounter crayons in a criminal case. The information contained in this thesis
will be disseminated through presentation at the American Academy of Forensic
Scientists Meeting in February 2001 and submitted to the Journal of Forensic Sciences

for possible publication.

1.1 Crayons

Crayons are generally made from a combination of wax (paraffin,
microcrystalline, polyethylene, beeswax, ozokerite, japan, carnauba), colorant (pigment
or dye), stearic acid, beef tallow and filler (aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate)3. It
was also found during this research that calcimn carbonate was also used as a filler in
some brands of crayon. Water-soluble wax crayons contain an emulsifier wax and
polyethylene glycol.

Crayons are of course, mass-produced. Binney and Smith, the manufacturer of
Crayola® crayons, manufactures approximately 3 billion crayons each year4. The crayon
itself is produced from the mixture of molten wax and other ingredients by either molding
or extrusion. Most crayons bought by the public are the extruded type. Extruded crayons
have more filler and a higher density. Molded crayons are considered to be higher
quality and are sold primarily at art supply houses. Molded crayons contain polyethylene
wax for greater breaking strength, smoother "lay down" and less "piling”. The waxes
used for molded crayons generally have a lower melting point than those used in extruded
crayons.

1.2 Determination of Protocol

Manufactured materials are frequently encountered as evidence in the forensic
science laboratory and are usually grouped into a discipline known as “trace evidence”.
These materials include well documented materials such as paint, glass, fibers and
explosives; as well as less frequently encountered materials such as garbage bags,

greases, commercial products used in poisonings and crayons.

In selecting a protocol for the analysis Of any mass-produced material, the
forensic scientist must consider not only the validity of the tests used, but also whether
the analysis is probative to the material at hand. With manufactured materials, it is
usually not possible to determine whether a questioned material came from a single
known source. For example, a scientist may be able to determine the brand or even
perhaps the manufactured lot of a sample of lipstick, but would not be able to distinguish
between different containers in the same lot. From general to specific, the questions that
the analyst should attempt to determine by the protocol are:

1. Type of manufactured material (example: paint vs. grease).

2. Subset type of material (example: alkyd paint vs. acrylic paint).

3. Method of manufacture or application (example: dispersion lacquer paint vs.

solution lacquer paint)

4. Manufacturer of product (example: BASF paint vs. Dupont paint)

5. Specific product (example: Ford Taurus paint vs. Ford Probe paint)

6. Lot numbers of same product A

7. Subset of a single lot

8. Single package or part of product

Usually a general protocol may narrow the range to the manufacturer of the
product or perhaps the specific product and no further. Protocols to determine lot number
and subset of lot number must be determined for each manufactured product, as the
variable to determine these factors generally varies from manufacturer to manufacturer.

It is generally not possible to narrow the range down to a single package or part of

product in a mass-produced material unless there is a unique feature or the material is
used or damaged in a unique fashion.

It was the goal of this study to try to differentiate between different
manufacturers and brands of crayon. This would also create a basis for examination of
individual characteristics that may allow an analyst to further characterize sub-sets, lot,
etc. within a single brand of crayon.

1.3 Relation of Crayons tO Other Materials

Since there are no known forensic crayon analysis methods it is helpful to look at
materials that are closely related to crayons and attempt to apply methods used for the
analysis of these materials to the analysis of crayon. Even though crayons are used as
writing instruments, the most closely related forensic discipline to crayon analysis is not
the analysis of inks, but rather the analysis of coatings (paint). In fact a case could be
made that a crayon is indeed a non-permanent coating applied via writing. Some of the
terminology used in the coating industrys’6 applies to crayons and will be used in the
remaining text:

Surface coating: Suspension of a pigment in a vehicle designed for protection of a
surface or for decoration or for both.

Vehicle: The portion of surface coating other than the pigment, the purpose of
which is to enable the pigment to be distributed over the surface.

Binder: The portion of the vehicle that binds the pigments and additives in place

and dries to a solid film.

Pigment: Finely divided particles, which are dispersed throughout the liquid

coating and give the dried film .' color, opacity (hiding power), film reinforcement and

functionality, gloss and permeability.

Extender: A low cost inorganic pigment used to modify the gloss, texture,

viscosity and other properties, and to reduce the cost of the finished product.

Crayons are a suspension of pigment or dye in a vehicle (wax). They contain

extenders (beef tallow, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium carbonate) to add

hardness to the crayon as well as to add bulk to the vehicle. Any method developed for

the analysis Of crayons should provide for some examination of the vehicle, pigments and

extenders as is done in the analysis of coatings.

1.4

Selection of analytical methods
A. Vehicle

Several methods are used in the forensic science community for the
examination of the vehicle in the analysis of coatings. The polymers and
chemicals comprising the vehicle are organic in nature and thus are examined
using analytical techniques that allow the characterization of the organic material.
In most forensic laboratories, the vehicle in coatings are characterized by either
infrared Spectrophotometry or pyrolysis gas chromatography.

In infrared spectrophotometry, infrared light is directed through a thin
section of the sample and the amount of infrared light absorbed at various
wavelengths in the infrared range measured, forming a graph of wavenumber
versus percent of light transmitted. Because the absorptance of infrared light is

directly related to the chemical functional groups comprising the sample, the

infrared spectrum allows the characterization of these functional groups and
comparison of samples to other samples/standards for identification. A major
drawback to the use of infrared spectrophotometry is that the infrared Spectrum of
a sample Shows a combination of all components of the sample. Components that
are poor absorbers in the infrared range or are present in trace amounts might not
be detected in a sample. Pigments and extenders are usually comprised of
inorganic materials, which are poor absorbers in the infrared range. Dyes and
additives are usually present in small amounts in the sample and therefore often
not detected by infrared spectrophotometry. Thus the infrared spectrum of a
coating is usually comprised primarily of the binder material.

In pyrolysis gas chromatography, a portion of sample is pyrolized at a
temperature of 600-900 deg. Celsius and is introduced in it’s vapor phase into a
gas chromatograph, an instrument which separates components of a material
based on their affinity for a coating material inside the column of the instrument.
The components of the material may be pattern matched and compared to other
samples/standards by comparison of the time each component is retained by the
instrument. A graph of the elution patterns from a pyrolysis gas chromatograph is
known as a pyrogram. The advantage of this method over infrared
spectrophotometry is that components that are present in small amounts, such as
additives and dyes, can usually be readily detected. The melting point of
inorganic components, such as those present in pigments and extenders, is usually
too high for efficient pyrolysis; therefore, these components are not usually

detected by this method. There are several drawbacks to pyrolysis gas

chromatography. The pyrolysis of a material is not always accomplished at the
same rate or efficacy, which can result in differences in the chromatograms that
are not due to the sample. Secondly, the pyrolysis of a material often results in
the production of compounds not found in the original material. These
compounds are known as pyrolysis products and are due to complex chemical
reactions that take place at high temperatures. Although comparison of these
products between samples is a valid analytical technique, one must be aware that
not all compounds present in the pyrogram were present in the original sample.
Lastly, gas chromatography is a separation technique and not a qualitative
identification technique. Components having different chemical compositions
can have similar retention times, which may lead to misinterpretation or
misidentification.

In the end, infrared spectrophotometry was selected as the technique to
compare the “vehicle” of the crayon components. This was primarily due to fear
that, because of the thermal stability of wax as a vapor, the wax would condense
inside the column of the gas chromatograph. Infrared spectrophotometry was
tried first with promising results; therefore, pyrolysis gas chromatography was not
attempted. Crayons may be partially dissolved in an organic solvent such as
chloroform and directly injected on a gas chromatograph or gas chromatograph
coupled with a mass spectrometer. Determination of an appropriate solvent for
any additives or dyes in the crayons would be problematic since different

materials are added to each product.

B. Pigments and Extenders

Pigments and extenders are generally examined in forensic coatings
analysis via microscopy and/or an instrumental technique. Microscopy is
excellent for comparative analysis; however, years of operator training and
experience is necessary for optical qualitative identification. Advantages include
the possible identification of the crystal form of some inorganic compounds (i.e.
rutile vs. anatase titanium dioxide) and the ability to see the dispersion of
pigments throughout a sample for comparative analysis.

Many forensic laboratories, including those at the Michigan State Police,
perform analytical elemental analysis to identify and compare inorganic materials
present in the sample. Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray
spectrometry (SEM-EDS) is the most commonly used method for forensic
elemental analysis, although atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry and neutron activation analysis are also used. The primary reasons
for the popularity of SEM-EDS is it’s flexibility and widespread availability.
SEM-EDS can be used on a wide variety of evidence, such as glass, explosive
residue, fibers, gunshot residue and coatings. SEM-EDS is typically available in
any forensic laboratory that examines gunshot residue, where it is the technique of
choice worldwide.

In this technique, the sample is exposed to a beam of electrons. The
electron beam excites electrons in the sample, causing them to be expelled from
the sample. Electrons of higher energy fill the sample’s lower energy electron

shells that have vacancies due to expelled electrons, and the difference in energy

is accounted for, in part, by the emission of x-rays. X-rays emitted from different
elements have characteristic energies. The EDS system in the SEM collects these
x-rays, sorts them by energy and plots a spectrum of Energy vs. Intensity. The
“peaks” which result from this plot can be compared to standard elemental
energies for qualitative analysis of elements present in the sample. The area
under the peaks can be compared to known x-ray response data; therefore,
quantitative analysis of elements present is also possible.

Because of the ability of SEM-EDS to qualitatively and quantitatively
examine the inorganic portion of the crayons, it was believed that this would be
the best method for elemental analysis as well as the most promising method to

distinguish between different brands of crayon.

2.1 Materials

2. Experimental

Fourteen brands of crayon were purchased off the shelves of local Lansing, MI area

stores. These were the only brands of crayon found in an exhaustive search of over 30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

stores. The brands and manufacturers are detailed in the table below.
Brand Manufacturer/Distributor Place Of Manufacture
A-l Quality® A.J. Cohen Distributors China
Cran® Wholesale Merchandisers, Thailand
Inc.
Crayola® Binney & Smith Easton, PA
Crayola Color Slicks® Binney & Smith Easton, PA
Crayola Construction Paper® Binney & Smith Easton, PA
Crayola Pearl Brites® Binney & Smith Easton, PA
Crayola Techno Brite® Binney & Smith Easton, PA
Kid’s Club Kid’s Club Industries Malaysia
Laion Fun Club® Lai On Plastic Products China
Factory, LTD
Pentech Color Club® Pentech International Malaysia
Prang Fun Pro® Dixon-Ticonderoga Toledo, OH
RoseArt® Rose Art Industries Taiwan
Trend Wipe Off® Trend Enterprises, Inc. St Paul, MN
Z-Line® Unknown China

 

 

 

Table 2: Brands and manufacturing information of crayons used in study

One red crayon and one blue crayon from each box were visually color matched as

closely as possible and selected for examination. The goal of the examination was to

distinguish between each of the fourteen brands of crayon.

2.2 Color

After the color matching the crayons to select them for the study, each of the

10

 

selected crayons were drawn with and the color of the writing visually compared. It was
thought that one might be able to distinguish between crayons on the basis of color alone.
This hypothesis proved to be false. Color in crayon writing is a function of several
factors, chief among them is the color and dispersion of the colorant. The color did
indeed vary between different brands of crayon. The dispersion of the colorant, however,
is controlled not only by the dispersion of the Colorant in the crayon, but also the
thickness of which it is applied to the paper. The thicker the amount of crayon applied to
the paper, the deeper the color appeared. It was demonstrated through trial and error that
crayons of different shades of color could be made to appear similar by altering the
amount that is applied to the paper. Since the amount of crayon “piled” during
handwriting would be difficult if not impossible to measure and repeat, it was determined
that optical determination of color was a poor discriminating method in crayon analysis.
2.3 FTIR analysis

A small portion of each crayon was smeared on a potassium bromide disc and run
on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 1000 FTIR equipped with an Autoimage system
microscope. The samples were run in transmittance mode at lcm'l resolution in the
wavenumber range of 4000-690 cm”, which is the effective range of the instrument’s
MCT detector.

The initial supposition was that FTIR would be a poor discriminator of crayons.
This is due to some of my experience in analyzing other wax-based products. It has been
found through analysis of these materials such as candles and polishing materials that
different types of wax yield very similar IR Spectrographs. All waxes have strong

absorptances in 2970-2930 cm", 1480-1455 cm'1 and 735-710 cm'1 ranges. These

11

absorptances are due to long chain hydrocarbons, which make up the paraffin wax. My
hypothesis was that different crayons would also yield similar spectra.

Again, the hypothesis was false. The wax portion of the crayons did yield similar
spectra, present in all of the crayons other than the Prang® brand, which is soybean based
rather than paraffin based. During analysis, it was found that the remaining areas of the
IR Spectrum of wax were essentially blank, yielding excellent information about
additives, pigments and extenders present in the crayon.

This is a logical inference since Nujol, a material used by IR spectroscopists to
prepare mulls for IR, is comprised of liquid paraffin7. The selection of Nujol as the
medium for mulls is due to the vast regions in the IR spectrum in which Nujol does not
absorb radiation. Since paraffin wax is the binder material in most crayons, it is ideally
suited as a medium for the remaining materials in the crayon to be examined by IR.
Three principal regions in the spectrum were found to provide useful information.

The region of 3750-3590 cm'1 is a primary adsorption area for inorganic silicate
compounds used as extenders in crayons. These compounds include magnesium and
aluminum silicates in various mineral forms, such as talc, kaolinite, etc.

The presence of an absorptance band at 1750-1680 cm'1 indicates the presence of a
carbonyl group in the compound. These would be present in many organic additives and
dyes. The region between 1400 cm"1 to 750 cm"1 is a portion of the fingerprint region
which wax has no strong absorptances. Bands in this area are due to pigments, dyes,
extenders, plasticizers and other additives. Each of the different brands of crayon varied
from one another in this region, proving the value of IR as a discriminator between

brands of crayon.

12

2.4 SEM/EDS Analysis

The tip of each crayon was broken off , mounted on an aluminum stub with
carbon tape and run on a LEO 43 5vp SEM equipped with a EDAX Phoenix EDS system.
The samples were run at an accelerating voltage of 25,000 volts. In order to automate
the analysis and allow for ease of comparison, a set of elements were selected for
quantitation. The elements selected were silicon, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium.
These elements would be in abundance in pigments and extenders added to the binder,
but not present in significant amounts in the binder itself.

The x-rays were sampled for 100 live seconds for each sample and the analysis
performed five times on each crayon. Sampling was performed in a reduced raster
pattern to ensure a representative sample and the location of the reduced raster was
changed for each analysis. The multiple analyses were alternated between seven
samples to assure any variation resulting in instrumental condition change would be
accounted for in the data. Weight percent of each of the selected elements was calculated

1.2”9 Ratios of raw

by the EDAX EDS program using the ZAF correction protoco
elemental data were also calculated for comparison purposes. Weight percent data for all
selected elements were added to give an approximation of the total amount of inorganic
pigments and binder present in the crayon. The results of analyses are summarized in
Table 2 and Figures 1 and 2.

Comparison of the data was performed using the guidelines developed by the
author for the analysis of trace elements in glass via SEM-EDS.lo First, standard

deviation Of the elemental ratios of raw data in the five analyses were calculated. If the

average of the elemental ratios from one sample fit in the greater of a three standard

13

deviation or 5 percent range of the value for another sample, for all ratios, the samples
could not be eliminated as having originated from the same source (i.e.: inclusive). If one
ratio falls outside the range, the two samples were excluded as having originated from the
same source. The use of standard deviation as one of the variables in establishing an
acceptable range is necessary to account for variation inherent in the sample and
instrumental variation over time.” The 5 percent figure was included in the calculation
of acceptable range because it was found that sometimes the standard deviation in a
particular sample set might be lower than the error inherent in the method. In the
aforementioned glass study 98 percent of same source glass samples were found to be
inclusive using these guidelines.

All brands of the red and blue crayons could be distinguished within their color
group using these guidelines. An example of the comparison using the two crayons with

the most Similar elemental ratios is as follows:

 

 

m Si/Al Mg/Al Si/Mg Ca/Si
Kid's Cthed 15.31 10.61 1.44 003
(a) Sthev= 1.25 Sthev= 0.31 Sthev= 0.09 Sthev= 0.01
Lo= 11.57 Lo= 9.69 Io= 1.16 Io= 0.01
= 19.05 Hi= 11.53 Hi= 1.72 Hi= 0.05
mourn-law 15.00 722 2.08 0.03
Red Sthev= 5.43 Sthev= 2.48 snow: 0.12 Sthev= 0.01
(b) to: -130 Io= 0.21 Lo= 1.72 Lo= 0.00l
= 31.30 Hi= 14.65 Hi= 2.44 H1= 0.06
(a)inlo(b) Inclusive Inclusive Exclusive Inclusive
(b)imo(a) Inchsive Exchsive Exclusive Inclusive

 

Table 2: Comparison of elemental ratios of two brands of crayon

 

Because at least one of the ratios from each of the brands of crayon was outside the range

of the other brand, the two crayons were excluded as originating from the same source.

14

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17

3. Possible Individualization of Crayon Writing

Although individualization of a manufactured product is not usually possible a
characteristic has been discovered in some brands of crayon, which may allow a crayon
to be individualized to a handwritten sample. During the SEM-EDS elemental analysis,
it was observed that about one third of the brands of crayon had extenders which were
poorly dispersed. The extenders appear in the backscatter image as bright areas against
the darker background of the binder. The extenders are not visible in the secondary
electron image (Figures 3 & 4), nor in any form of light microscopy attempted (stereo,
transmitted, polarized).

The extenders in most crayons are well dispersed and thus when the crayon is
used, the writing has evenly dispersed bright Spots when viewed in backscatter mode
(Figures 5 & 6). Poorly mixed extenders form “pockets” in some brands of crayon.
These extender pockets are randomly distributed in the crayon (Figure 7). When a
crayon of this type is used, extender is transferred to the written page and appears as
bright bands against a dark background of the binder and paper (Figure 8). Because
these pockets are a result of a random distribution, no two crayons with this defect should
transfer the bands to a page in the same manner. In fact, the bands will change during
continued writing with the same crayon.

In the case of a crayon with poorly mixed extenders, a portion of crayon
handwriting may have bands that are similar to test bands produced with that crayon,
with two caveats. First, the portion of questioned handwriting examined must be the last
portion of writing performed with the crayon. This is because the pockets of extenders

change throughout the crayon. If the wrong questioned word is chosen or the crayon has

18

been used after the questioned document was written, the bands will change and thus not
align. Second, the rotation of the crayon in the hand in the known writing must be
identical to that in the questioned writing. This appears to be highly problematic to
duplicate; however, Since crayons are worn down as they are used, determination of the
angle and rotation of writing is often a simple task.

Comparison of the extender bands in the SEM is a relatively Simple procedure as
magnification and rotation of samples on separate stubs in a Split-screen mode allows
matching bands to be aligned by the analyst in a manner similar to bullet comparison on a
comparison light microscope.

Because analysis of the extender bands is not possible after the crayon has been
used, it is imperative that the tip of the crayon not be disturbed during other analyses.
Thus, removal of portions of the known crayon for other types of analysis (color, FTIR,
elemental) should be from the Opposite end or the interior of the crayon. Care should be
taken not to spoil the last portion of questioned writing with any document or chemical

examination if extender band examination is to be attempted.

19

 

Figures l l & 12: Secondary electron images of crayon and subsequent writing
with this crayon. Note surface detail showing directionality Of writing
and poor contrast with paper surface due to small topography difference.

20

 

\
K: 9. ' j - ’ '- .
‘.‘J(UIJI‘I Mode 3 ‘vhlinle [Wu-5mm \ ‘ -
.- 7'. «‘1 ‘.'-.

-:

Figures 5 & 6: Backseatter images of crayon with well-dispersed extender
pigment and subsequent writing with this crayon (Crayola).

21

4. Conclusions

4.1 Analysis Protocol

A protocol for the forensic analysis of crayon was developed. The foundation for

the protocol lies in the analysis of paint and other coatings. The protocol is described

below and should be executed in the following order:

1.

Perform a visual and stereoscopic examination of questioned writing
for trace materials and gross color. Small color differences should not
be used for elimination.

Attempt to determine the last portion of questioned handwriting in

which a crayon was used. DO not damage this area.

. Examine and compare questioned writing and known crayon via FTIR.

Samples removed from questioned writing should be from an area
other than the last portion of writing. Known samples should not be
removed from an end of the crayon which has been used for writing.
Questioned and known samples may be smeared on a potassium
bromide disk and run (at minimum) through a range of 4000-690 cm".
Significant variation in 3750-3590 cm", 1750-1680 cm" or ”00 cm" to
750 cm"1 regions may be used for elimination.

Examine and compare questioned writing and known crayon via SEM-
EDS. A 1 square centimeter square of questioned handwriting should
be removed from the last portion of writing and mounted on a SEM
stub with carbon tape. A ~100 mm section of the interior of the

crayon should then be cut with a scalpel and mounted on a separate

23

SEM stub for comparison. Known and questioned sample X-ray data
should then be alternately collected in variable pressure mode at 25 kV
for 100 live seconds, until each sample has been run 5 times. Average
Si/Al, Mg/Al, Si/Mg and Ca/Si ratios Should then be compared. An
elimination may be made if any of the questioned ratios are outside a
range of 3 standard deviations or 5 percent of the known. If only one
ratio is outside these limits, the samples may be re-run prior to
elimination.

. Lower the SEM working distance and examine the known crayon Slice
in variable pressure-backscatter mode for the presence of extender
“pockets”. If extenders are evenly distributed, check the questioned
handwriting for an even distribution. The presence of multiple
extender bands may be used for elimination.

. If extender pockets are present in the known sample, carefiilly prepare
a sample of known crayon handwriting by determining the rotation and
angle of the crayon when it was last used for writing. This may be
accomplished using the angle of wear on the crayon tip. Prepare a
known writing sample on a clean piece of paper by applying firm,
even pressure in a straight line over a distance of 1-2 centimeters.

. Remove the first 1 square centimeter portion of the known crayon
handwriting on a SEM-stub and run in variable pressure-backscatter
mode along with the questioned sample. If multiple extender bands

are consistent between known and questioned handwriting,

24

individualization of the known crayon to the handwriting is possible.
Any variation between known and questioned bands should not be
used for elimination.

4.2 Areas for Future Research

The methods outlined in this research should allow the forensic scientist to
distinguish, at minimum, between different brands of crayon in a forensic
analysis. There are, however, other areas of crayon analysis that could be
explored.

Although the dyes and additives present in the crayon contributed to the
IR Spectrum in this study, separation of these compounds by a chromatographic
method such as thin layer chromatography or gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry would be a more probative factor for comparison.

Elemental analysis by other more sensitive analytical techniques such as
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry could be performed. Analysis by
a more sensitive technique would allow examination and comparison of elements
that are present but below the detection threshold of SEM-EDS.

Intra-batch and inter-batch variation of both chemical and elemental
composition could be studied for each brand of crayon to assess the variability
within each brand. This would be helpful in an actual case situation as insight on
variability of the brand of crayon enables the analyst to assess the strength of an

association.

25

It would also be helpful to determine if any extenders are present in paper
products and if so, whether they may leach into crayon handwriting and modify
the elemental data.

The author has begun research in examining pencil writing via the same
SEM-EDS method to determine if the elements present and or their ratios vary in
different brands and grades of pencil. This research would be beneficial as
pencils are used much more often than crayons for handwriting.

4.3 Remarks

The characterization of different brands of crayon is useful; however,
the unique and somewhat clever part of this research is use of backscatter imaging
to individualize the crayon to a piece of writing. The author’s hope is that by
disseminating this technique, other scientists might be able to make a specific
identification. This research demonstrates the importance of developing new
imaging techniques and applying current analytical techniques to achieve forensic

analyses that were once thought to be impossible.

26

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References

Michigan State Police Forensic Science Division 1999 Year End Statistics

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, Laboratory Accreditation Board
Manual 2000, pp. 34-36.

Ellis MH and Yeh MB, “Categories of Wax-Based Drawing Media”, Western
Association for Art Conservation (WAAC) Newsletter, Volume 19 No. 3, September
1997.

Woods 8, Crayons From Start to Finish, Blackbirch Press, CT, 1999

Thornton JI, “Forensic Paint Examination” pp. 529-571 , Forensic Science Handbook,
Volume 1, Richard Saferstein, Ed., Prentice-Hall, NJ, 1982

LeSota S., Coatings Encyclopedic Dictionary, Federation of Societies for Coatings
Technology, Blue Bell, PA, 1995

Grifi'lths PR and De Haseth JA, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, John Wiley &
Sons, NY, 1986

Flegler SL, Heckman JW and Klomparens KL, Scanning and Transmission Electron
Microscopy: An Introduction, W.H. Freeman and Company, NY, 1993

Goldstein J], Newbury DE, Echlin P, Joy DC, Romig AD, Lyman CE, Fiori C and
Lifshin E, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-RaLMicroanalysis: A text for
Biologists, Materials Scientists, and Geologists, Plenum Press, NY 1992

Reeves E and Bommarito C, “Elemental Analysis of Glass via Variable Pressure
Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS)”, Accepted
for presentation at 2001 Annual Meeting of Amercan Academy of Forensic Sciences
Schefler WG, Statistics for the Biological Sciences, Addison-Wesley Publishing,
Philippines, 1979

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figures

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author
http://www.chemistry.vt.edu/chem-ed/spec/vib/ir-instr.html
Imzflwwwchemistry.vt.edu/chem-ed/optics/selector/michelso.html

 

 

http://www.mse.iastate.edu/microscopy/path2.html
http://www.granite.k l 2.ut.us/I-Iunter__High/BusinessPartners/sem/source.html
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~wittke/Column.html

 

http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~wittke/Column.html

 

Goldstein J], Newbury DE, Echlin P, Joy DC, Romig AD, Lyman CE, Fiori C and
Lifshin E, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis: A text for
Biologists, Materials Scientists, and Geologists, Plenum Press, NY 1992, p. 177

 

 

Flegler SL, Heckman JW and Klomparens KL, Scanning and Transmission Electron
Microscopy: An Introduction, W.H. Freeman and Company, NY, 1993, p.73

 

 

27

Appendix 1: Instrumental Design and Theory

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy measures vibrations of functional groups and highly
polar bonds. These chemical 'fingerprints' are made up of the vibrational features of all
the sample components. IR spectrometers record the interaction of IR radiation with
experimental samples, measuring the frequencies at which the sample absorbs the
radiation and the intensities of the absorptions. Determining these frequencies allows
identification of the sample's chemical makeup, Since chemical functional groups are
known to absorb light at Specific frequencies.

IR radiation is electromagnetic radiation that encompasses all the wavelengths
between the visible and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The IR
region can also be subdivided into three smaller regions known as near-IR, mid-IR and

far-IR, the ranges of which are summed up in the table.

 

[Region Wavenumber Range Vibrational / Rotational Information

 

Changes in vibrational and rotational levels,

 

 

 

 

 

 

Near IR 14000 - 4000 overtone region and some low energy electron
transitions

mi d-IR 4000 _ 400 Changes In fundamental Vibrational levels of most
molecules

far-IR 400 - 20 Rotational energy level changes

 

Table 1: Regions of IR radiation

Traditional dispersive infrared Spectrophotometers consist of an infrared source
fitted with a monochrometer, a mirror that splits the infrared beam into two paths, a
sample holder and an infrared detector. The infrared radiation is limited to a single

wavelength by the monochrometer and the beam emitted is Split and passed through a

28

'" __ _ _ 7 monochromator

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source."_-.I | Whom—T; ..... 3‘
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Figure 9: Schematic of Dispersive IR spectrophotometer

sample and reference chamber. The wavenumber of IR radiation is consistently varied
through the Mid-IR range by a controller on the monochrometer. The difference in
transmittance between the reference cell and the sample cell is detected and plotted vs.
wavenumber, resulting in a graphical Spectrum of percent transmittance vs. wavenumber
through the Mid-IR range.

Dispersive infrared spectrometers are limited due to the '1 wavenumber at a time'
nature of data acquisition. This leads to either a poor Signal to noise ratio in a spectrum
or a very long time needed to obtain a high quality spectrum. These problems can be
overcome using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) which is based on the
interferometer originally designed by Michelson and a mathematical procedure
developed by Fourier that converts response from the 'time' to the 'fi'equency' domain.

In the Michelson interferometer7 a parallel, polychromatic beam of radiation from
a source is directed to a beam splitter, made from an infrared transparent material, such as
potassium bromide. The beam splitter reflects approximately half of the light to a mirror,
known as the fixed mirror, which in turn reflects the light back to the beam splitter. The
rest of the light passes through to a second mirror, moving continuously, at a known
velocity, back and forth along the direction of the incoming light. This is known as the

moving mirror. Upon reflection from the moving mirror, radiation is then directed back

29

to the beam splitter. At the beam splitter som
the fixed mirror combines with light

— fixed mirror

reflected from the moving mirror and

 
 
  

 

 

. . H
is directed towards the sample. After

p.
passing through the sample, the .-
radiation is focused onto the detector. bea m Splitter

moving
mirror

The detector is sufiiciently fast to cope
, , . , light source
With time domain Signal changes from

. _ . Figure 10: Schematic of Michelson interferometer
the modulation in the interferometer.

As the distance of the moving mirror from the beam splitter changes, different
wavelengths of radiation are in-phase and out-of-phase at a frequency that is dependent
both upon the rate of travel of the moving mirror and the frequency of radiation. The
complex pattern of overlaid sinusoidal waves of light is known as an interferogram. The
interferogram can be converted to a wavelength vs. intensity spectrum by means of a
Fourier transform, which is performed rapidly on a computer.

F TIR has many advantages over its dispersive forefather. Primary among these
advantages is that all wavelengths of light are being transmitted, absorbed and detected
simultaneously. This allows repeated measurements to be averaged resulting in greater

signal to noise ratios and thus greater sensitivity and processing speed. F TIR instruments

have supplanted dispersive IR instruments industry wide and were used in this study.

30

Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS)

A scanning electron
microscopes’ 9 focuses a beam of
electrons onto a sample. The electron
beam is formed from electrons drawn
from a filament, through an anode and a
set of electromagnetic focusing lenses.
The beam is then focused by
electromagnetic scanning coils into a
raster pattern across the sample.
Altering the size of the raster pattern
controls magnification. The instrument
detects secondary electrons from the
sample, which result from inelastic

electron collisions and/or backscatter

Electron Electron Gun
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and electron beam

electrons, which result from elastic electron collisions. An image is formed

from the electrons generated fiom the sample by a detector connected with a display

monitor that is scanning in an identical raster pattern as the scanning coils. Thus if many

electrons are generated from the interaction between the beam and specimen at a certain

point in the raster pattern, that pixel on the screen would appear bright. If few electrons

were generated, that pixel would appear dark. Scanning Electron Microscopes may also

be fitted with an energy dispersive X-ray detector that detects characteristic X-rays

31

emitted from the sample as they are expelled from the specimen. In order to understand
the information derived from the SEM-EDS, some knowledge of the construction of

system components is necessary.

A. Electron Gun

The goal in the initial development of the SEM was to achieve greater

image resolution than light microscopy. By the time of the development of the

SEM, the limiting factor on the resolution of an image by light microscopy was

the wavelength of light. No sample features smaller than the wavelength of light

(~400 nm) could be resolved in a light microscope. By using electrons, which

have a much smaller wavelength
than that of visible light,
resolution could be improved.
The limitation to resolution in a
scanning electron microscope is
the spot size of the electron beam
(~3-6 nm).8’ 9 The electron gun,
which consists Of a tungsten
filament inside a grid or ”Wehnelt

cap, is designed to produce a

Filament HeatIng Supplg

Filament

 

 
   
 
 
 
   

Grid Cop
(clender)

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Equipotentlols Emlsston

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Plate \

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Figure 12: Schematic representing an
electron gun and associated lectromagnetic
lines of force

uniform beam of electrons that are focused to a point just in front of the anode.

The beam of electrons is created at the tip of the tungsten filament, which is bent

in a hairpin shape, through a process known as thermionic emission.8 ’9 The entire

filament is kept at a very high negative potential relative to the anode, which is at

32

ground or zero potential. The electrons emitted from the tip of the filament are
therefore accelerated toward the anode. The Wehnelt cap is biased at a potential
several hundred volts more negative than the filament, with the result being a
repulsive effect on the electron beam. This repulsive effect creates lines of
magnetic forces that focus the accelerated electrons to a point just above the
anode. Some electrons strike the anode and do not contribute to image formation.
Most, however, pass through an aperture in the anode, forming a narrow electron
beam that is directed to the magnetic lenses.

B. Magnetic Lenses

electron beam

After the electron beam
has passed through the anode, it
is controlled by a series of
electromagnetic lenses. Since
light is not used in an electron

microscope, lenses that control

 

the beam must rely on
electromagnetic forces to alter

the beam. The construction of

 

such a lens is achieved by the

wrapping 0f wire around a Figure 13: Schematic representing pole

. ' piece electromagnetic lens and lines of force
hollow core and covering it

with a soft iron shroud. The shroud has a small gap in the center, called a pole

piece, which serves to concentrate the magnetic lines of force created when

33

voltage is applied to the wire. Altering the current through the wire controls the
strength of the lens.

The first lens that the electron beam reaches is the condenser lens, the
purpose of which is to condense the beam to a fine point in front of the objective
lens. Apertures both before and after the lenses also serve to limit the beam.

The beam also passes through an octapole stigmator, which is a set of eight
electromagnetic coils surrounding the beam. Current is altered through these coils
in order correct for lens aberrations, keeping the beam uniformly round. The
objective lens then focuses the beam on the sample. A scan generator inside the

condenser lens moves the beam in a raster pattern, which is synchronized with the

monitor display. election beam grams)“

astigmatic electron beam

   

Figure 14: Schematics representing beam shaping
and deflecting lenses. At left: an octapole stigmator,
which alters beam shape. At right: scanning coils
which form the raster scanning pattern.

34

C. Specimen-Beam Interactions and Detectors

When the electron beam strikes the specimen, a number of complex
interactions take place. The beam produces a variety of secondary products.
Among these products are the emission of secondary electrons, backscattered
electrons and X-rays.

Secondary electrons (SE) are produced due to inelastic interactions

between the sample and the electron beam.8’ 9

The electrons produced are of low
energy and therefore come almost entirely from near the surface of the specimen.
Since these electrons are of low energy, they can be easily acted upon by electric
forces. The detector for secondary electrons is known as an Everhart-Thornly
(E-T) detector. A
Faraday cage, a wire-

mesh screen carrying a

300-volt positive

 

 

charge, surrounds the
detector inlet. This

cage acts as a collector

 

of secondary

electrons, with Figure 15: Drawing representing specimen-
beam interactions. Secondary electrons (SE)

the positive charge are drawn to the charge on the faraday cage

(F). High energy backscatter electrons (B) are
attracting nearly all of the unaffected by the charge.

secondary electrons produced.

35

The remainder of the E-T detector consists of a scintillator, light pipe and
photomultipier and pre-amplifier, which serve to amplify the signal and produce
current from the secondary electrons.

Sample topography is the principal factor in secondary electron image

 

 

. . Electron
contrast. Pr0jections beam
on the sample
surface have more new”
beam
surface area from I: Many ‘ i
'1: _. secondary
_ $13 electrons
which secondary 1'). escape
is a.
secondary

electrons can escape. electrons

R j‘ escape
These regions I
appear bright on a Figure I 6: Drawing representing the effect of

topography an electron escape mixel brightness).
secondary

electron image. Indentations on the surface have little surface area and thus
appear dark on the final image. Because nearly all of the secondary electrons
emitted from the sample are detected by the E-T detector and thus contribute to
the final image, secondary electron images are of extremely high resolution and
quality relative to other imaging techniques.

Backseatter electrons (BSE) are produced by large angle elastic
interactions between the specimen and the beam.8’ 9 Because each backscatter
electron must undergo several of these elastic interactions to be “bounced back” at
a large angle, the image is produced from a much greater depth than secondary

electrons.

36

There are several types of detectors used for the detection of backscatter
electrons. The geometry of these detectors in relation to the sample is a critical
factor. Since backscattered electrons are of high energy, the forces of the Faraday
cage do not act upon them. The detector will only detect those electrons which
are randomly emitted from the sample and hit the detector. It is imperative then
that the detector be placed in an area where these electrons are most likely to hit
the detector, which is directly above the sample. The backscatter detector,
therefore, usually is constructed of a donut shaped disk directly above the sample.
The beam passes through the hole on its way down to the sample and
backscattered electrons bounce back up and hit the detector.

Since not all of the backscattered electrons produced by the sample are
detected, the image produced from backscatter electrons is of lower resolution
than that produced by secondary electrons. The advantage of the backscatter
image, however, is a phenomenon known as “atomic number contrast”. The more
dense a sample (e. g. higher average atomic number), the more elastic interactions
take place. Thus, areas of the sample with a higher average atomic number will
emit more backscattered electrons and appear brighter in the final image. Those
areas with low average atomic number will emit less backscattered electrons and
thus appear dark in the final image.

X-rays are produced as a result of inelastic scattering. An electron from a
shell of higher energy fills a vacancy in the inner orbital shell of the sample atom.
The energy difference can be emitted in the form of an x—ray. The energy and

wavelength of the x-ray are characteristic of the sample element. X-rays

37

produced are named based on the name of the shell in which the vacancy is
created and on the number of jumps made by the electron that fills that

vacancys‘ 9. Many elements produce more than one type of x-ray from multiple
specimen-beam interactions and variation in the type of interaction. Each type of
x-ray is called a line. If enough x-rays of a particular line are produced, a peak of
that energy is produced.

X-rays are collected by the EDS detector, which is comprised of a
collimator, crystal and a field-effect transistor. The purpose of the EDS detector
is to limit the x-rays detected to those originating from the sample and to convert
the x-rays into electrical signals. Since many stray x-rays are emitted fi'om the
inside of the sample chamber, the EDS detector must be precisely aligned so that
only x-rays traveling in straight path from the sample are detected.

After the x-ray signal has been detected and converted into an electrical
signal, it is then sorted into discrete bands by a pulse processor. The signal is
converted from analog to digital. The bands can then be subject to qualitative and
quantitative microanalysis by computer.

Qualitative analysis of the x-rays is rather straightforward. Since each
element's x-ray energy is different, the computer compares the energies of emitted
x-ray bands to those of known standards stored in memory. If the energies and
ratios of bands created by the same element are consistent with those of the
standard, the element is identified.

Quantitative analysis is unfortunately a bit more complex. Ideally a

sample of 50% copper/ 50 % aluminum would produce 50% x-rays of copper and

38

50 % x-rays of aluminum. Due to complex interactions, the x-ray ratios produced
are not exactly 50/50. These interactions include, X-ray backscattering, stopping
power, x-ray adsorption and fluorescences’ 9. These factors vary with accelerating
voltage, takeoff angle and elements present in the sample. EDS sofiware,
however, uses correction factors which account for these factors and converts the
raw x-ray data into accurate quantitative data.
D. SEM Sample Requirements and Vacuum Systems

For conventional scanning electron microscopes there are several
requirements a sample must meet. First of all the sample must be firmly affixed
to a sample holder. This is done usually done with adhesive or carbon tape.
Secondly, the sample must be non-volatile. Lastly, the sample must be
conductive. The latter of these requirements creates some analytical problems.
Any non-conductive samples (which include most forensic samples) must be
coated with a thin layer of conductive material to prevent sample charging.

Sample charging is the process of a negative charge building up on the
surface of the sample from the electron beam. In a conductive sample, this charge
is dissipated down through the sample to a ground on the sample holder. If a
non-conductive sample is not coated with a conductive material, the buildup of
the negative charge on the sample will repel the electron beam and interfere with
the emission of x-rays, leading to poor image quality and inaccurate EDS data.

SEMs also have complex vacuum requirements as well. The entire gun,
column (lens, apertures, scanning coils) and sample chamber must be kept under

extremely high vacuum in order for the electron beam to effectively travel.

39

A recent variation of the traditional high vacuum system is the variable
pressure SEM (V PSEM), also known as an environmental SEM (ESEM). In the
VPSEM, the gun and column are kept at a high vacuum (e.g. 10“7 Torr) while the
sample chamber is kept at a lower vacuum (e. g. 10'2 Torr). The higher pressure
in the sample chamber dissipates the charge on a non-conductive sample,
allowing uncoated samples to be viewed and analyzed. The higher pressure in
the sample chamber affects low-energy secondary electrons; therefore, typically
only backscatter imaging is used. x-rays are relatively unaffected by the change
in pressure. A variable pressure instrument was used in this study; therefore, no

sample coating was necessary.

40

Appendix 2: FTIR Spectra

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thH

8.69 “EsuogoesoEQoE on .. .36me 2 5268.0 - .8.Boc__~,co>a§u

 

 

 

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6%)

Appendix 3: SEM-EDS Spectra

70

 

23-Oct-2000 17:10:33 KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 'I'kOfl‘: 35.0 1135

 

Fsc: 17218 Cps: 3230 LSec: 100 Pm:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:698

Spectrum: cru200.SPC

 

 

 

 

 

p Kn
Crayola Color Slick Blue
nu.
K:
I I ] I 1 I T I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ill-oat Into Neightt Ataic’s
C x 1070 .36 92 .64 96.65
m 105.21 2.11 1.09

m 40.40 0.69 0.32
81! 255.06 3.84 1.72
Cal 39.02 0.72 0.22

 

 

 

nu lultipoint Output

 

7l

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-Oct-2000 mm xv: 25.0 Tilt: on non: 35.0 ms
Fsc: 12204 Cps:2240 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat:504 Spectrumrn20731’C
rm.
Crayola Color Slick Blue
“(3
x.
l ' l ' I ' l ' I ' l ' l ' l '
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Result:

 

Ila-ant Into Weight-.9: Atmic’s
C! 145.36 92.58 96.62

m 73.94 2.13 1.10
A1! 30.35 0.74 0.35
81! 178.47 3.87 1.73
CI! 25.59 0.67 0.21

 

 

mu Midpoint Output

 

 

 

72

 

23-Oct-2000 17:37:58 KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 'l‘kOfl’: 35.0 15135
Fsc:10539 Cps: 1881 LSec:100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:444 Spectrum: cm214.SPC

 

 

lpxa

Crayola Color Slick Blue

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitatiw Results

 

Ila-at Into Weight’r Ito-let

C R 641.42 92.71 96.68
m 64.19 2.18 1.12
m 23.40 0.67 0.31
813 148.42 3.78 1.69
CI! 21.24 0.66 0.21

 

Mag :42X H mum

 

m liltipoint Output

 

 

 

73

 

23-Oct-2000 17:51:33

KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOff:35.0 22/35

 

I"sc: 9497 Cps: 1575

LSec: 100 ”$100!. Kev: 0.52 Cnt:346

Spectrum crn221.SPC

 

CKa

 

Crayola Color Slick Blue

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

c x
mm
AlK
Six
cut

Element Inte

569.51
53.57
22.42

128.30
19.32

Weight'k Atomic’s
92 . 82 96 .73

2.06 1.06
0.73 0.34
3.71 1.65
0.68 0.21

Mag :42x

 

 

EDAX Nul tipoint Output

 

 

74

 

 

 

 

#mum

 

Met-2000 18:05:10 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 'l‘kOff: 35.0 29/35
For: 7717 Cps: 1391 LSec: 100 M1001. Kev:0.52 Cac294 Spa-:cmmSPC

 

 

CKa

Crayola Color Slick Blue

 

 

 

 

l T ' l ' I 7 l r l

*1 I
4.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00
Quantitative Results

 

 

 

 

flaunt Into weightx Atmic’:
C! 458.41 92.79 96.70

m 45.03 2.14 1.10
All 18.83 0.76 0.35
81.! 104.16 3.72 1.66
Ct! 13.39 0.58 0.18

 

 

m1 Whimht Output

 

 

 

75

 

 

 

 

 

 

24-0ct-2000 11:40:17 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 'l‘kOfl’: 35.0 7’35
Fae: 16207 Cps: 2711 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cat: 56 Spear-I: cm256.SPC
‘3 K2
l A'1 B'Ue
l 7 T ' l ' T ' l ' l ' i 1 l
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Raaulta

 

Ila-ant Into Weightx Atonic’s
cx 1000.39 93.28 91.21

m 18.92 0.46 0.24
m 68.87 1.36 0.63
81! 166.72 2.97 1.32
Cl! 88.37 1.92 0.60

 

 

 

 

mu ultipoint Output

 

 

 

76

 

 

 

 

2+0ct-2000 11:54:07 KV: 25.0 Tilt:0.0 1110113350 14135
II‘sc: 12070 Cps: 2157 LSec: 100 l’rst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 47 Spectrum: cru263.Sl’C
3 K3
A-1 Blue
“(3
fi' f I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ilenent Inte Weight’s Atmic’s

C R 749.89 92.41 96.84
149'! 15.29 0.47 0.24
All 61.64 1.54 0.72
six 148.30 3.37 1.51
CAI 79.71 2.21 0.69

 

 

 

 

mu mtipoint Output

 

77

 

Met-m 12:07:51 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 110113350 21135

 

lI‘sc: 12621 093:2035 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cn1:47

Spear-z crn270.SPC

 

«‘5
I’.‘

A-1 Blue

 

 

 

I l I 1 f
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 N.” 24.00

Quantitative Results

 

 

fluent Int. Weight" Atmic’c

C R 770.43 93.99 97.51
14.44 0.49 0.25
43.62 1.19 0.55

104.68 2.57 1.14
58.52 1.76 0.55

2355

 

 

 

mu lultipoint Output

 

78

 

 

 

 

 

 

24001-2000 12:21:39 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 'l‘kOfl:35.0 28/35
lI‘sc:11980 Cps: 1948 [Sea 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cn1:26 Spectrum: crn277.SPC
3K2
A-1 Blue
1K:
—1' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I 7 '"F
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘ia Atomic’a

c x 734.06 93.46 97.27
My: 13.49 0.45 0.23
1111: 47.20 1.28 0.59
six 122.37 3.01 1.34
cm 59.55 1.79 0.56

 

a Z
Mag :43): L—' 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

79

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Oct-2100 12:35:23 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl’: 35.0 35135
Fat: 10881 Cps: 1907 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cat:46 Spear-z cmMSPC
I210
A-1 Blue
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 ”.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

[lament Into Weightx Atonic’e
C! 661.14 92.41 96.04

m 12.62 0.44 0.23
m 52.14 1.48 0.69
81! 132.18 3.40 1.53
CI! 72.07 2.26 0.71

 

 

mu lultipoint Output

 

 

 

80

 

 

 

 

 

 

24—0ct-m00 11:38:17 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 6f35
Fsc: 22688 Cps: 4002 [Sea 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 5.44 Cat: 73 Spectrum: c111255.SPC
I? [(3
Crayola Pearl Brite Blue
“Q
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ila-ant Into Weight’s Atmic’s
c 3 1419.37 93.45 97.02
In! 69.87 1.10 0.56
21: 142.86 1.86 0.86
Si! 276.19 3.29 1.46
Cal: 20.32 0.29 0.09

 

 

max “timint Output

 

 

 

81

 

24-061-2000 11:52:09

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl':35.0 13/35

 

II‘sc: 19777

Cps: 3380

L800: 100 l’rst:100L Kev: 5.44 C111:66 Spectrum: crn262.SPC

 

 

Crayola Pearl Brite Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

C K
“OK
All
Six
C83

Element Inte

1243.33
54.83
98.22

200.42
13.36

Weight% Atomick
94 . 26 97 . 39

1.05 0.54
1.56 0.72
2.89 1.28
0.23 0.07

 

Mag :43): l——' 600 um

 

 

m Multipoint Output

 

 

82

 

21-Oct-2000 12:05:54 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOll’:35.0 20/35
Fsc: 14573 Cps: 2020 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cntz45 Spectrum: crn269.SPC

 

 

Crayola Pearl Brite Blue

’2.

 

l ' l 7 l l
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

ale-ant Inte Weight}; Atonic’s

C I 893.59 93.08 96.84
In! 52.09 1.27 0.65
All 92.34 1.86 0.86
811: 188.73 3.48 1.55
Ca! 13.99 0.31 0.10

 

Mag :43x L——' 600 um

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

83

 

 

 

 

24-0d-2000 12:19:41 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 Tk011‘:35.0 2735
1'50: 17837 Cps: 3051 L804: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 60 Spectrum: crn276.SPC
l’ Ka
Crayola Pearl Brite Blue
iKa
T T I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quant itat ive Results

 

Element Inte Weight}: Atomicfis
C K 1106.98 94.22 97.38

MI 42.01 0.90 0.46
AIR 98.37 1.74 0.80
SiX 181.18 2.92 1.29
Cax 11.27 0.22 0.07

 

Mag :43x L——' 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX mltipoint Output

 

84

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24-0ct-2000 12:33:25 . KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 TRON: 35.0 3435
Fee: 14436 Cps: 2468 LSec: 100 Pm: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cat: 49 Spectrum: crn283.Sl’C
1C Ka
Crayola Pearl Brite Blue
iKa
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Into leiqht’: Atonic’:
c x 898.51 94.14 97.35
40.42 1.07 0.55
69.62 1.52 0.70
150.52 2.98 1.32
11.99 0.29 0.09

8355

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

 

85

 

 

 

24-0d-2000 11:36:16

KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 5/35

 

Fsc: 32603 Cps:4087

LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cat: 67

Spectrum: crn254.SPC

 

cu»

 

 

CmnBMe

 

I T
4.00 8.00

l f I ' l r l ' I

12.00 16.1!) 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ila-ant Into
c E 2082.46

m 0.00
m 0.00
81! 0.00
Cal 187.68

Weight’s Atuic’s
96.83 99 .03

0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
3.17 0.97

Mag :43):

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

86

 

 

 

Met-m 11:50:10 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11011: 35.0 12l35
lI‘ac: 21373 1390:2540 LSec: 100 M1001. Kev: 5.44 Cet:36 Specuu:cru261.SPC

 

 

me

Cran Blue

-
44-

 

 

I I T I r I
4.00 8.00 12.1” 16.00 20.00 24.1” ”.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Neightx Ataicx

c x 1347.39 96.84 99.00
In: 2.07 0.09 0.04
m 3.86 0.09 0.04
31: 1.05 0.04 0.02
cm 114.01 2.95 0.90

 

Mag 3433 H mum

 

m Mtipoint Output

 

 

 

87

 

24-0ct-2000 12:03:56 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl':35.0 19I35

 

II‘SC: 19859 Cps: 2456 L804: 100

Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 C111: 37

Spectrum: crn268.SPC

 

:Ka

Cran Blue

 

l ' l '
4.00 8.00 12.00

I
16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight%

C K 1236.44 95.87
My! 4.23 0.13
MK 3.84 0.10
Six 1.76 0.04
Cu! 142.00 3.86

Atonic%

98.68
0.07
0.04
0.02
1.19

blag:43x

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

 

88

 

 

 

24013-2000 12:17:43 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110112350 26’35

 

Fsc:22086 Cps:2791 LSec: 100 P1001001. Kev: 5.44 Cnt:45

Spectrum: cm275.SPC

 

 

2 K2
Cran Blue
M
I 1 l r l ' l ' l ' l ' l ' l ' l ' l
4.00 0.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 32 00 30.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Ate-i494
CR 1372.10 95.40 98.53

1191: 4.68 0.13 0.07
All 3.39 0.08 0.04
six 2.07 0.04 0.02
Cal 179.59 4.35 1.35

Mag :43x

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

89

 

 

 

D: \EDAI32 \AUTO\USR\crn28 2 . SPC

 

 

Labelz33/35

 

W:2S.01‘ilt:0.0 Take-ott:35.0 Det mezsm+ Res:137 'l'c:10

 

 

 

P8 : 19359 Lsec : 100 24-Oct-2000 12:31:27

 

 

 

 

 

 

1i
E
I.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cran Blue
l
l;
n l
I. Is 1
3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 24.0

 

 

 

IDA! w Quantification (Standardless)
fluent lomlized
82C Il'able : Default

 

Element Wt % At % K-Ratio Z A F
C X 97.41 99.18 0.9167 1.0017 0.9395 1.0000
MgK 0.09 0.04 0.0005 0.9495 0.6264 1.0002
AlK 0.07 0.03 0.0005 0.9223 0.7880 1.0004
SiK 0.04 0.02 0.0004 0.9499 0.9085 1.0008
CaK 2.39 0.73 0.0235 0.9177 1.0720 1.0000

Total 100 . 00 100 . 00

 

 

 

90

 

 

 

 

Element Net Inte. Bkgd Inte. Inte. Error P/B
C K 1333.61 3.84 0.27 347.29
MgK 4.00 8.91 11.68 0.45
AlK 3.85 12.00 13.71 0.32
51K 2.85 12.99 18.84 0.22
CaK 122.19 7.90 0.96 15.47

Cran Blue

9]

 

 

24-0ct-2000 11:34:14 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOff:35.0 4/35

 

l‘sc: 17066 Cps:2451 L800: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 65 Spectrum: crn253.SPC

 

p10.

Crayola Techno-Brile Blue

 

I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atmic‘k
CE 1050.52 95.77 98.12

119'! 53.20 1.45 0.73
Al! 5.73 0.13 0.06
six 102.97 2 .04 0.90
Ca! 24.83 0.61 0.19

 

 

 

max mtipoint Output

 

 

Mag :43x L—l 600 um

 

24-0ct-2000 11:48:12 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110": 35.0 11l35
Fsc: 11936 Cps: 1678 LSec: 100 I’rst:100L Kev:5.44 Cut: 29 Spectrum: cm260£PC

 

 

Crayola Techno-Brite Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atonic’s

C R 715.87 95.74 98.12
m 35.55 1.42 0.72
Al! 3.19 0.11 0.05
six 72.03 2.09 0.92
Cal 17.79 0.64 0.20

 

Magz43x L—l 600nm

 

max uultipoint Output

 

 

 

93

 

24-001-2000 12:01:58 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl:35.0 18/35
Fsc: 6669 Cps: 976 LSec:100 Prst: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cnt:30 Spectrum: crn267.SPC

 

 

Crayola Techno-Brita Blue

 

I I I I l I I I I
8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

593‘.
4.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘k Ate-it’s

C I 394.93 95.92 98.23
14g! 17.38 1.30 0.66
A13 1.56 0.10 0.04
six 34.77 1.88 0.83
cu: 11.94 0.80 0.24

 

Mag :43}: bl 600nm

 

w 11:11 tipoint Output

 

 

 

 

24049-2000 12:15:44

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110": 35.0 25l35

 

lI‘sc: 5862

Cps: 958

LSec: 100 1’51:le Kev: 5.44 Cnt:25 Spectrum: crn274.SPC

 

 

Crayola Techno-Brite Blue

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

C K
Max
MK
six
CaR

Element

Inte
344.75
19.37
2.14
41.64
14.70

Weight% Atomic";
94.90 97.78
1.53 0.78
0.14 0.06
2.39 1.05
1.04 0.32

 

Mag:43x l—l 600nm

 

 

EDAX Hultipoint Output

 

 

95

 

D:\3DIX3Z\AUTO\USR\crn281.SPC

 

Lebelz32/3S

 

 

._—

rs : 2943 Lsec : 100

kV:25.0'rilt:0.0 Il'ake—off:35.0 Det Type:SU'l'fl+ Res:137 'l'c:10

 

 

24-Oct-2000 12:29:29

 

 

 

g
i
2
I

 

.9
I

Crayola Techno-Brite Blue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total 100.00 100.00

~ '91 Ca
‘ AM— A —j‘\A4
. A7%EEEEEEEEEEEE:==:=2======:==‘ , g 1
3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 24.0q
max at Quantification (Standardless)
llement lomlized
SIC fable : Default
Element Wt % At % K-Ratio Z A F
C R 96.19 98.39 0.7103 1.0021 0.7369 1.0000
MgK 1.03 0.52 0.0063 0.9499 0.6387 1.0007
AlK 0.11 0.05 0.0008 0.9227 0.7796 1.0013
Six 1.64 0.72 0.0141 0.9503 0.9001 1.0003
CaK 1.03 0.32 0.0101 0.9181 1.0633 1.0000

 

 

96

 

 

 

 

Element Net Inte. Bkgd Inte. Inte. Error P/B
C K 190.83 0.80 0.73 238.54
MgK 8.75 1.80 4.02 4.86
AlK 1.14 2.32 21.09 0.49
51K 19.17 2.50 2.56 7.67
CaK 9.65 2.52 3.97 3.83

Crayola Techno-Brite Blue

97

 

 

24-0ct-2000 11:32:14

KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 '1'1101'1:35.0 3/35

 

Fsc: 12809 Cps: 2374

LSec: 100 Pm: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cn1:82

Spear-1: crnZSLSPC

 

CKa

51Ka

Laion Fun Club Blue

 

f
4.00 8.00

I ' 1 ' 1 ' l ' 1

12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte

C R 790.75
145;: 85.29
A111 7.98
Silt 194.67
cm 2.99

Weight’s Atomick.
93.34 96.89

2.36 1.21
0.19 0.09
4.03 1.79
0.08 0.02

Mag :43):

 

 

EDAX multipoint Output

 

 

98

 

 

 

 

24-00t-2000 11:46:15 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T140“: 35.0 111/35
l"sc: 8543 Cps: 1625 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev:5.44 Cnt:57 Spectrumzcrn259SI’C

 

 

:Ka

Laion Fun Club Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quant itat ive Result 5

 

Element Inte Weight’a Atomic‘k

C R 514.05 92.50 96.48
119! 66.00 2.63 1.35
A1! 4.68 0.16 0.07
six 154.73 4.63 2.06
Ca! 2.48 0.09 0.03

 

Mag :43x L.—l 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

99

 

24-0ct-2000 12:00:02 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T140113 35.0 "/35

 

Fsc: 7676 Cps: 1405 1.801: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cnl:46

Spectrum: crn266.SPC

 

:Ka

Laion Fun Club Blue

 

l

' l
4.00 8.00

l I I I ‘1’ *1 I
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightx Atomic’s

C R 464.87 93.19 96.81
m 53.02 2.48 1.27
Al! 4.33 0.17 0.08
six 116.46 4.07 1.81
ca 1.95 0.08 0.03

Mag :43):

 

 

 

EDA! lultipoint Output

 

100

 

 

 

214-043-2000 12:13:48 KV:25.0 TiI:0.0 TkOlI':35.0 24/35

 

Fsc:10973 Cps: 1795 Misc: 100 Pist:100L Kev: 5.44 Cat: 65 Spectrum: crn273.SPC

 

Laion Fun Club Blue

iKa

 

 

1 I I I I I I I I 1 I I fir
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightk Atomic‘ia

C K 668.66 94.33 97.36
119K 57.07 2.04 1.04
AlK 6.79 0.21 0.09
six 125.43 3.33 1.47
Cal 2.84 0.09 0.03

 

Mag :43x L——1 600 um

 

max mitipoint Output

 

 

 

lOl

 

Met-m 12:27:34 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 110112350 31135

 

Fee: 11187 Cps: 1785 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev:5.44 Cetz36

Spear-z cruZBlLSPC

 

T510:

Laion Fun Club Blue

 

 

iKa
Kn

 

 

T j l ' I ' I ' I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

fluent Inte Weight’s Atmick
679.02 94.16 97.56
54.30 1.99 1.01
3.66 0.11 0.05
113.52 3.07 1.35
1.95 0.06 0.02

325%:

Mag :43):

 

mu lultipaint Output

 

 

 

I
32.00 36.1!)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

m Whimint Output

 

 

Meg :43:

103

24-0ct-2000 11:30:17 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110112350 2’35
lI‘sc: 38287 Cps: 4542 LSec: 100 P501001. Kev: 5.44 Cut: 75 Spectrum: cmZSlSPC
lplh
Z-Line Blue
I I I I iw I I I I I I I I I I I
8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00
Quentitetive Results

lle-ent Inte Weight’s Atonic’s

C K 2431.37 90.85 99.60

Ila! 7.39 0.12 0.06

m 7.80 0.11 0.05

81! 11.06 0.13 0.06

Ce: 53.41 0.79 0.24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24-0ct-2000 11:44:17 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 110112350 9I35
Fee: 18364 Cps: 2002 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 5.44 Cet:28 Spear-z cmZSBSPC
C [(11
Z-Line Blue
f I l I 17 I I T I 1 T I I I l I T
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.“) 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quentitetive Results

 

llenent Inte weight’s Ate-1d:
CK 1140.18 99.29 99.73

m 3.93 0.14 0.07
Al! 3.78 0.11 0.05
8:13 4.49 0.12 0.05
0.3 10.69 0.34 0.10

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

 

104

 

24-0ct-2000 11 58:06

KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl:35.0 16l35

 

Fsc: 17804 Cps: 1917

LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 45 SpectrumrnfiSSPC

 

CKn

Z-Line Blue

 

l

I
4.00 8.00

I I I I I r r, I I I I I I I I

l
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

c R
an
AIR
SiK
cut

Element Inte

1081.06
2.64
2.59
2.24

11.20

Weight% Atomic‘is
99 . 37 9 9 .77

0.10 0.05
0.08 0.04
0.06 0.03
0.38 0.12

 

Mag :43x L—1 600 um

 

 

max Nultipoint Output

 

 

105

 

Met-N00 12:11:51 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 'I'kOfl:35.0 23/35

 

lI‘sc: 73151 Cpsz2593 LSec: 100 PIst:100L Kev: 5444 Cut: 47 Speck-:cmNZSPC

 

Z-Line Blue

 

2.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

E 1 I ' l ' 1 ' l T 1 1 l ' l ' I I T
I 4.00 8.00 1

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’a Atomic’a
C R 1432.14 98.98 99.62

149K 4.82 0.14 0.07
Alx 4.08 0.09 0.04
six 9.99 0.20 0.09
cm 23.67 0.59 0.18

 

Mag :43x L-—-' 600 um

 

 

 

smx M'ultipoint Output

 

106

 

 

 

 

24-0ct-2000 12:25:38 KV: 25.0 Tilt:0.0 TkOfl‘:35.0 3M5
Fsc: 22428 Cps: 2532 LSec: 100 Pm: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 41 Spectrum crn27951’C
CK:
Z-Line Blue
% I l I 1 I I I I I I l I l I l I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
C R 13 82 . 0 3

max 4.30
an 4.36
Silt 4.66
cu: 24.57

Weight% Atonic’:

99.02
0.13
0.10
0.10
0.65

99.65
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.19

 

Mag :43x h——Il 600 um

 

 

mx mitipoint Output

 

 

107

 

24-0ct-2000 12:23:39 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 111011": 35.0 29/35
II‘sc: 9758 Cps:2661 LSec: 100 Prfl: 1001. Kev: 5.44 Cnt:53 Spectrum: cm278.Sl’C

 

 

:Ka

Pentech Color Club Blue

$1Ka

Tlgx.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight": Atomic’a

C R 603.53 86.51 93.36
319! 260.69 5.98 3.19
A1! 8.38 0.18 0.09
six 387.29 7.20 3.32
cm 6.09 0.13 0.04

 

Mag :43x l—l 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX lultipoint Output

 

108

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

24-0ct-w00 12:09:53 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl': 35.0 22(35
Fsc: 10642 Cps: 2854 LSec: 100 I’rst: 1001. Kev: 5.44 Cut: 77 Spectrn: cru271.SPC
I; K:
Pentech Color Club Blue
iKa
Ka
I I I I fl I I I I I 1 I I T I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.1!) 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

llenent Inte weight’t Atomic”:
c R 656.60 86.40 93.30
In! 291.21 6.09 3.25

Al! 8.15 0.16 0.08
81! 426.16 7 .24 3.34
Ce! 5.20 0.10 0.03

 

Magi”! H mm

 

m Mtimut Output

 

 

 

109

 

24-0ct-N00 11:56:10 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 15I35

 

 

Fsc: 10507 Cps: 3144 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 69 Spectrum cm264.SPC
I; Ks
Pentech Color Club Blue
5iKa

 

 

 

 

Ks

 

l ' l ' l ' I ' l ' l
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

Quantitative Results

 

 

 

llement Inte Weightt Atc-ic’:

C I 647 .72 85.11 92.62
”I 331.96 6.51 3.50
Al! 11.54 0.22 0.11
Si! 497 .13 8 .02 3 .73
Cal 7.65 0.15 0.05

 

Magz43x |——-—-| 600nm

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

 

110

 

24-0ct-2000 11:42:21 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOll‘:35.0 8B5

 

 

lI‘sc:13241 Cps: 3711 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 5.44 Cut: 63 Spectrum: crn257SPC
fKa
Pentech Color Club Blue
31KB
14;“

 

 

 

      

 

 

f
12.00 16.00

 

Quant it at ive Result 8

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atomic9a

C K 822.65 85.56 92.86
HgK 401.63 6.38 3.42
AlK 11.39 0.17 0.08
six 594.34 7.73 3.59
cm 9.93 0.15 0.05

 

Mag :43x L__l 600 um

 

EDAX mil tipoint Output

 

 

 

lll

 

24-0ct-20w 11:28:16 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl:35.0 1/35

 

Fax: 19176 Cps: 5926 LSec: 100 l’rst:100L Kev: 5.44 Cut: 127

Spectrum: crn250.SPC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l: Ks
Pentech Color Club Blue
six:
l
IL:-
I
3
I I I I ‘_I H T I I I I I
400 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 23.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

lleeent Inte weightx Ate-1:8
c x 1196.69 84.70 92.40
lg: 645.31 6.70 3.61

11! 20.37 0.20 0.10
81! 962.26 8.24 3.84
Cal 16.07 0.16 0.05

 

IDAXHlultipount Output

 

 

 

112

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 15:08:13 KV: 25.0 Til:0.0 TkOfl:35.0 35/35
Fsc:18388 Cps: 2681 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 639 Spectrum: cml34.SPC

 

 

:Ka

Trend Red

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

lie-eat Inte Weight’s Atomic’s
c R 1144.49 97.81 99.07

m 3.93 0.12 0.06
All 20.89 0.50 0.22
81! 59.73 1.27 0.55
Cal 11.96 0.32 0.10

 

Mag :38x H 700 um

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

113

 

 

 

 

 

 

Met-2000 14:54:15 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOff: 35.0 28/35
Fsc: 18403 Cps: 2615 1.80:: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cnt:683 Spectra: cm127.SPC
I; Ks
Trend Red
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

 

fluent Inte Iteiqht’s Atmic’:
c E 1142.73 97.75 99.04
m 4.41 0.13 0.06
Al! 23.25 0.55 0.25
Si! 62.72 1.32 0.57
Cal 9.80 0.26 0.08

 

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

114

 

Met-2000 14:40: 15 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T1100: 35.0 21/35

 

Fee: 18723 Cps: 2588 LSec: 100 M1001. Kev: 052 Cst:638

Spear-I: cm120.SPC

 

I2Ka

TIendIQed

 

 

 

I I I I I I I l I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Elesent Inte weighex Atasict ‘
1159.47 97.73 99.03
4.74 0.14 0.07
21.67 0.50 0.23
65.81 1.36 0.59
10.46 0.27 0.08

 

BEBE:

 

snax lultipoint Output

 

 

 

115

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 14:26:20 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110“: 35.0 14/35
Fsc: 17950 Cps: 2563 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cstz643 Spectrum: cru113.Sl’C
C Ka
Trend Red
r I ' l ' 1 ' j ' l ' l ' T ' l
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

EI-ent Inte leight’: Ltmic’: ‘
C R 1115.02 97.08 98.72
m 14.00 0.40 0.20
All 37.53 0.86 0.39
81! 67.91 1.39 0.61
Cal 10.86 0.27 0.08

 

 

Mag :38X E 7mm

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

116

 

20-0ct-2000 14:12:24 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11018350 7/35
Fae: 19028 Cps: 2698 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 052 Cat: 632 Spectrum: crs106.SPC

 

 

CKa

Trend Red

 

 

  
     

 

I
4.00 12.00 16.1!) 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 361!)

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ilenent Inte might-.94 thnic’s ‘
cx 1180.44 98.12 99.21

 

lg! 1.40 0.04 0.02
All 19.28 0.46 0.21
81! 53.02 1.12 0.48
Ca! 9.77 0.26 0.08

 

Mag :38): |———-| 700 um

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

117

 

Met-2000 14:04:26 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110112350 3/35
Fsc: 34333 Cps: 4127 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 052 Cnt:101| Spectrum: crn102.Sl’C

 

 

Cran Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Elenent Inte Weight’s Atonic’e
CK 2155.81 96.42 98.85

 

lg! 5.05 0.09 0.05
11! 5.64 0.08 0.04
six 10.35 0.13 0.06
can 208.47 3.28 1.01

 

 

 

 

max nultipoint Output

 

118

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 14:18:24 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 'I'kOiT: 35.0 10/35
Fsc: 33811 Cps: 4151 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 930 Spectrum: crn109.Sl’C
2 K2
Cran Red
K:
T I l I I I l I I I I I l I l I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00
Quantitative Results
Element Inte Weight’: Atonic’s
C 1: 2114.70 96.88 99.05
Ila! 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00
Al! 0 . 00 0 . 00 0 . 00
Six 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ga! 187.06 3.12 0.95

 

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

119

 

20-0ct-2000 14:32:19 KV: 25.0 Tilt:0.0 1110112350 17/35
Fsc: 33588 Cps: 4053 LSec: I00 l’mt:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 873 Spectrum: crnll6.SPC

 

 

:Ka

Cran Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘k Atonic’s
CR 2122.93 97.04 99.09

 

m 0.56 0.01 0.01
AIR 0.00 0.00 0.00
six 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cal 176.96 2.95 0.90

 

Mag :38x 700 um

 

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

120

 

20-001-2000 14:46:15 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 110112350 2035
E00: 34617 Cps:4383 LSec: 100 Pn't:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:834 Spectrum: cm123.SPC

 

 

Cran Red

 

r I I I I I I I I I l .

I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight-.96 Atonic’s
CK 2184.86 96.77 99.00

 

m 2.01 0.04 0.02
A1: 0.00 0.00 0.00
six 0.00 0.00 0.00
ea: 199.14 3.19 0.90

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 15:00:15 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “(01835.0 31/35
Fsc: 34331 Cps: 4132 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 776 Spectrum crn130.SPC

 

 

Cran Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘k Atomic":
C R 2174.60 96.96 99.02

 

149! 5.73 0.11 0.05
AIR 6.34 0.09 0.04
six 8.23 0.11 0.05
Cal 172.75 2.73 0.84

 

 

 

 

EDAX flu]. tipoint Output

 

 

20-Oct-2000 14:00:25 KV: 25.0 'l‘ilt:0.0 T110": 35.0 1/35
Fsc: 33110 Cps: 3954 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 777 Spectrum: crn100.S1'C

 

 

gxa

Roseart Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ila-ant Inte Weight’s Atomic-’6
CR 2098.43 97.44 98.94

IIQK 50.39 0.84 0.42
All 7.15 0.10 0.04
six 66.39 0.79 0.35
Cal 55.87 0.83 0.25

 

 

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

123

 

20-0ct-2000 14:14:25

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOiT:35.0 8/35

 

Fsc: 31044 Cps: 3679

LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 052 Cut: 737 Spectrumcrnl07SPC

 

:Ka

 

Roseart Red

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
C x 1956.12

lg! 51.93
A1! 5.79
Si! 69.51
Ce! 49.75

Weight% Atalicx

97.34 98.88
0.92 0.46
0.08 0.04
0.88 0.38
0.78 0.24

 

 

 

EDAX lultipoint Output

 

 

124

 

Met-2000 14:28:21 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 15/35

 

Fsc: 30182 Cps: 3771 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 702

Spear-1: crn114SPC

 

fl

 

 

Rosearl Red

Ks

I l I 1 ' l
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte leight’t Atmic’s
CR 1903.21 97.40 98.90

m 50.65 0.92 0.46
A1! 4.02 0.06 0.03
81! 68.57 0.89 0.39
Cal 44.93 0.72 0.22

 

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 14:42:17

KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 11011: 35.0

22/35

 

Fsc: 29406

Cpsz3600 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 715

Spectrum: cre121.SPC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CKa
Rosearl Red
Ka
I I I I -T I I I I I I I _ I
8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

Quantitative Results
Elenent Inte Weight’s Rtmic’s
c s 1852.74 97.07 98.75
In! 57.54 1.04 0.52
Al! 2.76 0.04 0.02
81E 84.62 1.10 0.48
Ca! 46.86 0.75 0.23

 

 

EDA! lultipoint Output

 

 

126

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 14:56:17

KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 29/35

 

Fsc: 27628 Cps: 3420

LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cst:680

Spectrum: cru128.SPC

 

CKa

 

 

Ks

Rosealt Red

 

f I
4.00 8.00

I I ' I ' I ' I

f
12.00 16.1” 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
c E 1721.14

m 59.47
Al! 3.76
Si! 89.02
CaE 46.78

Neight’s Atmic’:
96 . 81 98 . 64

1.13 0.57
0.06 0.03
1.21 0.53
0.79 0.24

 

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

127

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 13:57:20 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110": 35.0 33/35

 

Fsc: 17203 Cps: 2255 LSec: 100

Prat: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 511 Spectrum: cru182.SPC

 

lpxa

 

 

Kid's Club Red

 

I

I l
4.00 8.00

I
12.00

I r I
16.1!) 20.00 24.00 28.1!) 32.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

C I 1052.17 95.51
m 79.43 2.04
A1! 7.37 0.16
81! 116.55 2.21
CI! 3.25 0.08

Element Inte Weight’t Atomic’s

97.90
1.03
0.07
0.97
0.02

‘ II. _ ,
.' “.R‘s“ ‘ I". "‘1' )-a
‘4 - l 5...). " .‘ ;.‘,e

.I
.
. .
.
..g
.
i...
8
I
I,
’U
-‘r
' .4
V
_.
.
.‘ I
..
.
s \
_.
I‘d
..
.
O
.
.
. .
‘

I
a 5‘ .‘fd
'1.

14.-

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 13:43:33 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110113 35.0 26/35
Fsc:20599 Cps: 2814 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat:662 Spectrum: cru175.Sl’C
0K2
Kid's Club Red
1
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Iteiqht’s Atmic’:
E 1280.94 95.43 97.86
99.25 2.08 1.05
9.22 0.16 0.07
146.46 2.27 1.00
3.16 0.06 0.02

O

EEEI

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-011-2000 13:29:44 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 111011: 35.0 19/35
II'sc: 12854 Cps: 1625 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 310 Spectrum: cru168.SPC
l: x.
Kid's Club Red
I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I r
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.1!) 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’t Atmic’s
CE 781.86 95.84 98.06

m 53.48 1.91 0.96
11! 5.30 0.16 0.07
811.! 76.68 2.02 0.88
ea 2.23 0.07 0.02

 

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

 

130

 

23-0ct-2000 13:15:59 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110": 35.0 12/35
Fsc: 13404 Cps: 1662 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 359 Spectrum: cml61.SPC

 

 

pica

Kid's Club Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quant itat ive Results

 

Element Inte We ight’s Atomic96

C K 814.41 96.09 98.17
MK 53.80 1.90 0.96
MK 5.18 0.15 0.07
Six 67.98 1.77 0.77
Cal 2.73 0.09 0.03

    

Magz42x l——l600um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

131

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0ct-m00 13:02:12 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11011: 35.0 5/35
Fee: 21587 Cps: 2913 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cat: 660 Spectru: cm154.SI’C
I: Ks
Kid's Club Red
T 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.1!) 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.1»

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’: Atomic’s
C E 1333.12 95.30 97.80
w: 105.98 2.11 1.07

All 9.86 0.17 0.08
81! 157.60 2.33 1.02
Cal 5.25 0.09 0.03

 

 

EDA! lultipoint Output

 

 

 

132

 

20-06-2000 14:02:75 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 Tk011':35.0 2l35
Fsc: 17883 Cps:2885 LSec: 100 Pm:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cnt:1174 Spectrum: cm101.SPC

 

 

3K2

Laion Fun Club Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘is Atomic’a
C R 1108.87 93.92 97.17

149K 109.82 2.30 1.18
AIR 12.57 0.23 0.10
81K 218.15 3.42 1.51
CaK 6.75 0.13 0.04

 

 

 

 

 

EDAX uul tipoint Output

 

133

 

woe-2000 14:16:22 KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 TRON: 35.0 9/35

 

 

 

 

 

 

lI‘sc: 12840 Cps: 1758 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 664 Spectrum: crn108.SPC
I; Ks
Laion Fun Club Red
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Neightx Atomicx
707.74 95.42 97.89
49.77 1.68 0.05
9.50 0.27 0.12
. 100.00 2.51 1.10
4.05 0.12 0.04

33553

 

 

 

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

 

134

 

20-Oct-2000 14%19 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 111011: 35.0 16/35
Fsc: 16663 Cps: 2389 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 052 Cat: 915 Spectru: crullSSPC

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fits
Laion Fun Club Red
1
I I l fI I I I I u I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’t Atomict

c E 1043.08 95.95 98.15
52.46 1.40 0.71
9.77 0.22 0.10

118.76 2.32 1.01
4.57 0.11 0.03

2151

 

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

 

135

 

 

20-0ct-2000 14:44: 15 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 Tl1011: 35.0 23/35
Fsc: 20068 Cps: 2969 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cnt:1030 Specm:crn122.SPC

 

 

ex.

Laion Fun Club Red

 

 

 

I

 

I I I I
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00
Quantitative Results

I
4.00 8.00

 

 

Element Inte Weightt Atonic’:
CE 1251.34 96.12 98.22

149E 63.04 1.42 0.72
A1! 5.68 0.11 0.05
Si! 137 .97 2.27 0.99
Cal 3.90 0.08 0.02

 

 

 

 

sues m1 tipoint Output

 

136

 

20-0ct-2000 14:58:15

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 Tk011':35.0 30/35

 

Fsc: 19656 Cps: 2862

LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 1007 Spectrum: cm129.SI’C

 

CKa

 

Laion Fun Club Red

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
C E 12 31 . 0 3

ml: 83.65
111: 12.10
six 169.66
cm 3.12

Weight’s Atomic96
95.29 97.82

1.78 0.90
0.22 0.10
2.66 1.17
0.06 0.02

 

 

 

 

EDAX m1 tipoint Output

 

 

137

 

 

 

 

 

 

211-008-201” 14:08:25 KV: 25.0 Tut: 0.0 11011: 35.0 5/35
Fae: 16549 Cps: 3185 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 1014 Spectrum: cra104.SPC
t K.
Crayola Construction Paper Red
I1-
Ks
I I I ‘ f I I f I ' l ' I I I
4.00 3.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’: Atmic’:
CE 1034.93 94.04 97.28

m 91.04 2.13 1.09
Al! 12.39 0.25 0.11
81! 178.50 3.10 1.37
Cal 23.05 0.49 0.15

 

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

138

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

”Oct-2000 14:22:21 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 111011": 350 1235
Fee: 12420 Cps: 2424 LSec: 100 P1381001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 612 Spectrum cm111.Sl’C
1:1“
Crayola Construction Paper Red
111:
K:
Ka
I I I l I I I I I I I T I
800 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 3600
Quantitative Results
Element Inte Neight’: Rtmic’c
CE 767.40 93.65 97.11
lax 68.78 2.11 1.08
AlE 14.69 0.38 0.18
SiE 141.66 3.24 1.44
CaE 22.17 0.62 0.19

 

 

max Wtipoint Output

 

 

139

 

 

 

20-0ct-2000 14:36:16 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110112 35.0 19I35
Fsc: 13108 Cps: 2494 LSec: 100 Plst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut:663 Spectrum: cmllSSl’C

 

 

3K2

Crayola Construction Paper Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightk Atomic’:

C E 807.08 93.93 97.24
m 68.30 2.03 1.04
LIE 10.27 0.26 0.12
an 147 .41 3 .24 1.43
Cal 20.18 0.54 0.17

 

 

max .111 tipoint Output

 

 

 

140

 

20-0ct-2000 14:50: 17

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “1011:350 26/35

 

Fsc: 17013 Cps:3445 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:1148 Spectrum: crn125.SPC

 

3K2

 

Crayola Construction Paper Red

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
C E 1063.00

sgx 111.95
111x 13.99
85.1! 220.46
cu: 33.09

Weight% Atomic%

93.19
2.39
0.26
3.52
0.64

96.89
1.23
0.12
1.56
0.20

 

 

 

EDAX m1 tipoint Output

 

 

141

 

 

35.0 3335

Fee: 15847 Cps: 3246 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cutz926

Tilt: 0.0 T|10fl

KV: 25.0

20-0ct-2000 15:04:16

 

crn132.SPC

Spectrum

 

Crayola Construction Paper Red

Ks

Ir:

 

mum

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

 

Inte Iteight’t Rtmic’t

Element
C E
III!
11E

93.34

984.27

1.15
0.12
1.53
0.22

2.23
0.27
3.44
0.71

95.17
13.55

197 .43

81!

CaE

33.27

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

142

 

 

 

 

 

 

woe-2000 14:10:25 11v: 25.0 Tilt: 00 11:00:35.0 6135

F9c:18158 Cps: 3330 LSec: 100 Pm: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 3049 SW: cru105.Sl’C

0 K11
Crayola Red

iKa
Ks
I I I I T I I I I l I I I I
4.00 3.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte leight’: Atcmic’t
CE 1142.78 93.33 96.99

m 95.35 1.93 0.99
LIE 43.80 0.75 0.35
81! 215.33 3.25 1.45
Cu! 40.61 0.75 0.23

 

 

 

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

143

 

211-011-2000 14:24:21 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 111011: 35.0 13/35
Fsc: 18573 Cpm 3462 LSec: 100 Pist:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cst:2899 Spectrum: cru112.SPC

 

 

a
E

Crayola Red

 

 

 

  

f I I I I I I I I I I I

I l
4.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00
Quantitative Results

   

 

8.00

 

 

Element Inte Weight’: Atomic’: ‘
C K 1158.84 93.27 96.95

.33 98.08 1.93 0.99
LIE 49.61 0.82 0.38
an 225.00 3.32 1.48
Cu! 36.28 0.65 0.20

 

 

1\

 

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

144

 

 

 

 

 

 

20-0ct-m00 14:38:17 KV: 25.0 11!: 00 11011: 350 20135
Fsc: 17667 Cps: 3396 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 052 Cat: 2818 Spectrum: crn119.Sl’C
{3 K0
Crayola Red
T I I I I I I I I I I I I
4.00 12.00 16.1!) N00 2400 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

El-ent Inte Weightx Etc-list ‘
C K 1105.86 92.99 96.82

In! 97.61 1.97 1.02
LIE 52.33 0.89 0.41
81E 226.19 3 .44 1.53
CaE 38.12 0.70 0.22

 

 

 

 

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

145

 

20-0d-21100 14:52: 16

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOl'l':35.0 27/35

 

FSC: 16179 Cps: 3206 LSec: 100 l’rst:100L Kev:0.52 Cnt:2570 Spectrum: crn126.S1'C

 

pxa

 

Crayola Red

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Blenent Inte
c x 1013.10

m 86.00
All 47 .68
81X 204 .68
Ca! 33.58

Weight% Atonict >
93.10 96.87

1.91 0.98
0.89 0.41
3.41 1.52
0.68 0.21

 

 

Mag :38x h—J 700 um

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

146

 

 

 

:Ka

 

 

 

 

20-Ocl-2000 15:06:14 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110113350 34135
ll‘sc: 16540 Cps: 3100 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev:0.52 Cntz2466 Spectrum: crn133.SPC
Crayola Red
Kn
I 1 I I l l I
1200 1600 2000

 
 

 

   

 

Quantitative Results

 

C K
ugx
Al!
Six
Cal

Element

Inte
1033.44
88.02
44.08
201.27
31.96

Weight% Atanic%
93.27 96.94

1.94 1.00
0.82 0.38
3.33 1.48
0.64 0.20

 

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

 

147

 

20-06-2000 14:06:24 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11018350 465

 

Fsc: 14012 Cps: 2567 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cm: 1310

Spectrum crnl03.Sl’C

 

(Flo.

Prang Red

 

 

53‘?

K:

 

I ' 1 7 T
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.1” 20.00 24.1!)

 

Quantitative Reaulta

 

Ila-ant Inte Weight’: Atonic’s
c x 865.68 92.68 96.64
m 100.50 2.53 1.30

an: 26.86 0.58 0.27
85.3 188.03 3.58 1.60
CI! 27.02 0.62 0.19

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

148

 

 

 

20-0c1-2000 14:20:23

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “(0112350 "/35

 

Fsc: 13777 Cps: 2505 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev:0.52 Cm: 1278 Spectrum: cm110.SPC

 

 

Prang Red

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte

c x 051.37
ugx 100.02
1111: 25.31
six 188.29
CaK 27 .30

Weight’s Atonic‘ia
92.62 96.61

2.55 1.32
0.55 0.26
3.63 1.62
0.64 0.20

 

Mag :38 L——-' 700 um

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

 

149

 

20-0c1—2000 14:34:17 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110113350 18I35
Fsc: 13972 Cps: 2580 LSec: 100 Pm: 100L Kev:0.52 Cnt:1460 Spectrum: crn117.SPC

 

 

Prang Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte We ight‘ia AtomicSa

C R 857.12 92.28 96.44
Max 103.57 2.55 1.31
AIR 36.18 0.76 0.36
six 203.63 3.80 1.70
CaK 27.06 0.61 0.19

 

 

 

 

EDAX Ilul tipoint Output

 

150

 

 

 

 

 

 

20-0c1-2000 14:48:15 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 00 T110“: 350 25l35
Fae: 16937 Cps: 3018 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 052 Cnt:1605 Spectrum: crnl24.SPC
(I Ks
Prang Red
Ks
K8 K:
I I I I I j I I I I I I fl I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ila-ant Inte leight’: Atmie’:
c 3 1058.91 93.04 96.79
at 122.35 2.59 1.33
111: 19.56 0.36 0.16
is 215.95 3.44 1.53
Ca! 29.49 0.57 0.18

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

151

 

 

 

 

 

 

nod-3000 15:02: 15 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11:05:35.0 32135
Fsc: 15289 Cpsz2663 L801: 100 P1301001, Kev:0.52 Cat: 1602 Specu’umzcrn1315PC
1; K11
Prang Red
K8 1:.
l ' l f l ' j ' l T I ' I T 1
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

 

ale-ant Inte Weight’s Ate-1d: '

C I 950.05 92.97 96.77
m 102.66 2.41 1.24
11! 30.68 0.62 0.29
81! 192 .92 3 .41 1.52
Cal 27.48 0.59 0.18

 

Mag :38x L——l 700nm

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 12:54:13 KV:25.0 Till: 0.0 Tk0fiz350 1/35
Fscz26236 Cps:3981 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 9.48 Cnt:1005 Spectrum: crn150.SPC

 

 

A—1 Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

:1e1aent Inte Weight’s Atonic’s
CR 1636.04 93.52 97.36

m 41.36 0.66 0.34
AIR 77.66 1.01 0.47
81! 215.59 2.50 1.11
Cal 163.33 2.31 0.72

 

 

 

 

max 1011 tipoint Output

 

153

 

23-0ct-2000 13:08:09 KV: 25.0 Tilt:0.0 1‘k011:35.0 8/35
Fsc:24713 Cps: 3550 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 899 Spectrum: crn157.SPC

 

 

A-1 Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’a Atonic’a
C R 1545.61 94.16 97.60

119! 42.91 0.75 0.39
A1! 64.80 0.93 0.43
six 171.80 2 .19 0 .97
Cd 126.53 1.97 0.61

 

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

154

 

23-0c1-7000 13:21:55 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 ’1‘k011:35.0 15f35
Fsc:23680 Cps: 3133 1.80:: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 cm: 714 Spectrum: crn164.SPC

 

 

CK:

A-1 Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atmic’s
CK 1473.93 95.09 98.04

119! 27.28 0.54 0.28
All 34.89 0.56 0.26
six 134.35 1.92 0.85
cu: 106.85 1.88 0.58

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

155

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 13:35:37 KV: 250 Til: 0.0 11011: 35.0 22I35
173cm Cps:3046 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev:0.52 Cat: 728 Spectrum: crn17l.SPC
I; Ks
A-1 Red
' Ks
1 I I I 1 I 1 I T I I I 1 I l I T
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 2400 28.00 32.00 36.”

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ila-ant Inte Weight’s Rte-i139:
CR 1292.15 94.02 97.55

m 35.03 0.73 0.37
All 57.90 0.98 0.45
8:13 147 .80 2 .24 0 .99
Cal 110.13 2.03 0.63

 

 

 

 

 

snax lultipoint Output

 

156

 

 

 

 

 

Met-2000 13:49:26 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “1011: 35.0 29l35
Fsc: 18333 Cps: 2610 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 506 Spectrum: crn178.SPC
I", Ka
A-1 Red
Ks
1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' l ' l ' 1 T l ' 1 T
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atonic’s
C K 1143.46 94.46 97.77

119K 28.25 0.70 0.36
AlK 32.08 0.64 0.30
Silt 116.16 2.07 0.92
cm 97.31 2.13 0.66

 

 

 

 

me lultipoint Output

 

157

 

23—0ct-2000 13:51:24 KV:25.0 Tilt:0.0 110113350 210/35
Fsc:14000 Cps:?382 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev:0.52 Cut: 742 Spectrum crn179.SPC

 

 

Crayola Color Slicks Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightk Atonic’s

C I 858 .03 92 .40 96.52
m 74.72 1.83 0.94
All 73.02 1.51 0.70
six 199.09 3.71 1.66
Cal 24.55 0.55 0.17

 

Mag :42x 1-_1 600 um

 

 

 

max mtipoint Output

 

158

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0cl-2000 13:37:36 KV: 25.0 Tih: 0.0 11011: 35.0 23l35
Fae: 15328 Cps: 2616 LSec: 100 P1301001. Kev: 0.52 Cst:835 Spednm: crn172.SPC
C Ks
Crayola Color Slicks Red
1
K8
I I f I f I I I r I I I I I I I I
4.00 8.00 1200 16.00 20.00 2400 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

llenent Inte Weights Rte-ic’s

C R 947.61 92.38 96.52
m 82.43 1.83 0.94
All 77.11 1.44 0.67
81‘ 222.33 3.75 1.68
Cal 29.33 0.60 0.19

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

159

 

23001-2000 13:23:51 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110111 35.0 16/35
Fsc:6643 Cps: 1182 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 359 Spectrum: crn165.SPC

 

 

Crayola Color Slicks Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘k Atmic’s

c x 307.50 91.83 96.27
11g: 37.76 1.90 1.03
1111: 32.16 1.43 0.67
six 100 .02 4 .03 1.01
cm 15.31 0.74 0.23

 

 

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

160

 

23-0c1-2000 13:10:03

KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOff:35.0 9f35

 

Fae: 5879 Cps: 969

LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 052 Cn1:272 Spectrum: crn158.SPC

 

3K3

 

Crayola Color Slicks Red

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte

c x 346.56
ng 30.39
1111: 29.44
s11: 84.43
cm 12.24

Weight‘k Atmic’a

92.17 96.43
1.82 0.94
1.49 0.69
3.85 1.72
0.67 0.21

 

 

 

EDAX M'ultipoint Output

 

 

 

 

 

 

       

 

23-0ct-2000 12:56:11 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110113350 235
Fsc: 17237 Cps: 2991 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 052 cm: 1059 Spectrum: crn151.SPC
3 K11
Crayola Color Slicks Red
K11
I 1 1 I j I ' 1 ' 1 I I I
12.00 16.00 .

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atonic’s
CR 1073.28 92.25 96.45

149K 100.02 1.94 1.00
11! 88.92 1.46 0.68
81.11 256.86 3.79 1.70
Cal 31.73 0.56 0.18

Mag :42x L——4 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Hultipoint Output

 

 

 

25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110113 350 31/35

KV

18a3100 Pun

IBJktflw0 tkihZ!

 

Spununncnn8usPC

1012

1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat:

Cps: 2541

83c:12154

 

Ks

1':

Crayola Pearl Brile Red

 

 

8.00

.
. . 1
I '
.1? .
.9 .. . f 6 I.
. .

.0,
v

. 1. .
. .
m!~...3..v.

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

Inte Neiflt’: Atonic’:

Element
C I
Is!
All

96.45

92.23

742.38

0.64
1.04
1.75
0.12

1.24
2.24
3.91
0.38

45.16

98.73
186.68

81!

Ca!

15.02

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

 

163

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 13:39:36 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “(011: 350 24135
Fsc: 13640 Cps: 2784 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 1071 Spectrum: cra173.SPC
p x.
Crayola Pearl Brite Red
1 I I 1 T 1 r 1 1 If I I 1 I 1
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.1]! 20.00 24.00 28.1” 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’: thnic’s

C K 848.28 92.39 96.51
m 53.68 1.30 0.67
All 107.31 2.16 1.01
81! 206.04 3.82 1.71
CEX 14.74 0.33 0.10

 

 

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

164

 

23061-2000 13:25:51 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110112 35.0 1765
Fee: 12619 Cps: 2567 LSec: 100 I’rst:100L Kev: 052 Cnt:1111 Spectrum: crn166.SPC

 

 

:Ks

Crayola Pearl Brile Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atomic96

c x 777.49 92.22 96.44
11g: 46.86 1.22 0.63
ux 107.16 2.31 1.08
Six 196.61 3.92 1.75
cu: 13.68 0.33 0.10

 

Mag :42x L——1 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Nultipoint Output

 

165

 

 

10135

:250 1111:00 110113350
100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cet:1166

KV

230:1.2000 13:12:03
Cps: 2793 LSec

 

Spectra: crn159.SPC

Fae: 13258

 

Ks

H
II

Crayola Pearl Brile Red

 

iKs

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

 

Inte Weight’: Rtaic’s

Element
C R
'0’!
m

96.25

91.82

828.40

1.42 0.73

59.56

1.86
0.13

226.78 4.15
0.40

811
CIR

18.33

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

166

 

Mel-2000 12:58:14 KV:25.0 Tilt:0.0 T1011:35.0 3/35

 

Fae: 15261 Cps: 3461 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:1463 Spectrum: crn152.SPC

 

Crayola Pearl Brile Red

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Result 3

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atomic’s

C R 951.75 91.68 96.18
119! 69.83 1.43 0.74
All 134.56 2.31 1.08
Six 263 .80 4 .17 1.87
CaE 21.55 0.41 0.13

 

 

max Multipoint Output

 

 

 

167

 

23-0ct-2000 13:55:23 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11011:35.0 32135

 

 

Fsc: 5976 Cps: 2432 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 C111: 2135 Spectrum: cm181.SPC
‘ .
: Ki IKa
Pentech Color Club Red
MgKa

 

 

 

     

 

 

1 I
12.00 16.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightx Atonic’s

C x 349.42 81.13 90.43
Ilg'K 277.06 8.09 4.46
All 7.49 0.22 0.11
Six 414 .37 10 .32 4.92
Cal 8.36 0.24 0.08

 

 

 

 

EDA! lultipoint Output

 

168

 

”Oct-2000 13:41:35 KV:25.0 Tik:0.0 11011:35.0 25135

 

 

Fsc: 6841 Cps: 2744 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 2281 Spectrum: crn174.Sl’C
5111‘s
3 K1
Pentech Color Club Red
11gb

 

 

 

       

 

I T
12.00 16.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Neight’s Atmic’s

C R 396.99 81.07 90.42
119! 309.75 7.92 4.37
All 10.25 0.26 0.13
811.! 482.30 10.49 5.00
CaE 10.05 0.25 0.09

 

 

 

 

max mtipoint Output

 

169

 

23-0d-2000 13:27:48 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110113350 18I35

 

 

Fsc:5343 Cps: 2021 LSec:]00 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 (3111:2001 Spectrumzcrn167.Sl’C
SiKs
- Pentech Color Club Red
Mng

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightk Ate-i121

c x 269.07 79.53 89.53
1131: 247.12 8.61 4.79
nx 7.28 0.26 0.13
81: 378.14 11.37 5.47
cu: 6.79 0.24 0.08

 

 

 

max mtipoint Output

 

 

170

 

 

23-0ct-2000 13:14:03 KV:25.0 Tilt:0.0 110113350 “/35

 

 

Fsc: 5299 Cps: 2045 LSec: 100 Prat: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 1920 Spectrum: crn160.SPC
SIiKa
Pentech Color Club Red
'3 K1
MgKa

 

 

 

       

 

r 1
12.00 16.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightk Atomie’s

C R 270.85 79.59 89.57
14g: 248.98 8.67 4.82
Al! 5.12 0.18 0.09
Si! 375.29 11.27 5.42
Cal 8.29 0.29 0.10

 

 

max Mtipoint Output

 

 

 

171

 

23-Oct-2000 13:00:12 KV:25.0 T18: 00 110113350 4135

 

 

Fscz6597 Cps: 2541 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 (5111:2543 Spectrum: crn153.Sl’C
EiKa

3 K1 Pentech Color Club Red
Mng

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightx Rte-it’s

C R 343.50 79.84 89.71
819'! 308.81 8.58 4.76
AIR 7.90 0.22 0.11
six 463.20 11.09 5.33
C“ 9.53 0.26 0.09

 

 

 

 

max 1101 tipoint Output

 

172

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0c1-2000 13:45:31 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 00 111011: 350 27’35
Fee: 714323 Cps: 2756 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cat: 268 Spear-n: crn176.SPC
IZKs
Z-Line Red
0
l
Ks
I I I I I I I I r I I I I I I I
400 800 12“) 1601 20M! 2“” 1300 32M) yum

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

C R
m
AD!
8i!
Cl!

Element

Inte
1515.60
5.90
4.89
5.25
16.36

Weight’: Atomic’s

99.24 99.71
0.16 0.08
0.11 0.05
0.10 0.04
0.39 0.12

 

 

EDA! lultipoint Output

 

 

173

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-06-2000 13:31:42 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 00 11011: 350 20’35
Fee: $094 Cps: 2546 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 272 Spectrum: cre169.SPC
l? K-
Z-Line Red
1* I’ I I I ”I l I ’T’ I I I 7’1 v 1 r T v
400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

El-ent Inte Ieight’s Atuic’s
CE 1438.45 99.36 99.75

”I 5.28 0.15 0.08
Al! 4.77 0.11 0.05
Si! 4.72 0.10 0.04
Ce! 10.90 0.28 0.08

 

 

snax 14111613101101: Output

 

 

 

174

 

 

 

4.00 . . . .
K

23-0ct-2000 13:17:57 KV:25.0 Till:0.0 T1011: 35.0 13/35
Fscz24821 Cps: 2799 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 281 Spectrum: crnl62.SPC
;Ks
Z-Line Red
Ks

 

I I
8.00

1 l

I
12.00

I
1600

I l I I I I l 1 l .
28.00 32.00 36 00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
C E 1549.49
m 4 . 32
A18 3.27
six 2.69
Ga! 12.94

weightk Atomicx

99.45
0.12
0.07
0.05
0.31

99.79
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.09

 

Hamill“

 

 

EDAX lultipoint Output

 

 

175

 

23-0ct—20N 13:04:10 KV: 25.0 Til: 00 11011: 35.0 6135

 

Fee: 28396 Cps: 3131 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cat: 369

Spectrum: crnlSSSl’C

 

6K:

Z-Line Red

 

 

 

T IIIIuIII

1 1
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 £100 24.00 28.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’: Atomic’:
CE 1755.49 99.33 99.75

In! 5.25 0.13 0.06
Al! 4.48 0.09 0.04
six 3.97 0.07 0.03
Cu! 18.73 0 .39 0.12

 

EDAX lultipoint Output

 

 

 

176

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 13:59:17 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 11011: 35.0 34135
Fsc: 20787 Cps:2243 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:197 Spectrum: cm183.SPC

 

 

:Ks

Z-Line Red

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atomic’s
CR 1284.02 99.24 99.71

11¢: 5.13 0.17 0.08
AIR 5.13 0.13 0.06
six 3.28 0.07 0.03
Cal 13.82 0.39 0.12

 

 

mx mltipoint Output

 

 

 

177

 

23-0ct-2000 14:01:13 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 00 T1011: 350 35135
Fsc: 9518 Cps:1595 LSec:100 P581001. Kev: 0.52 Cnt:500 Spectru:crn1843PC

 

 

19K»

Crayola Techno Brile Red

 

 

 

 

1 I I I I I I I I I T I I I T
12.00 16.00 20.00 2400 28.1” 32.1!) 3600

Quantitative Results

 

4.00

 

 

Element Inte Weightx Atomic’s
CE 581.07 93.23 96.95

In! 57.73 2.31 1.19
Al! 6.57 0.22 0.10
81! 110.61 3 .30 1.47
Cu! 25.62 0.93 0.29

It
1
I4
.
.A
‘I
.-
fi'.‘
p

s)
.r 5'4":-
._J‘t . -‘ ‘l

. ,. I .
't\‘.”>‘ "

 

 

snax 11111811101111: Output

 

 

 

178

 

n-oa-zooo 13:47:27 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOl'l‘:35.0 2865
Fsc:5887 Cps: 1048 LSecloo Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 (3:11:309 Spectrum: crnl77.SPC

 

 

3K3

Crayola Techno Brite Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atonic’s

C K 352.70 92.73 96.71
MK 39.03 2.48 1.28
A13 4.36 0.24 0.11
six 75.30 3.57 1.59
Ca! 17.01 0.98 0.31

 

 

 

 

mx Hultipoint Output

 

179

 

23-0ct-2000 13:33:37 KV:25.0 Tilt:0.0 TkOll':35.0 2135
Fsc:8070 Cps: 1323 LSec: 100 Pm:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnlz398 Spectrum: cm170.SPC

 

 

gxa

Crayola Techno Brile Red

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightk Atonick

C R 486.94 93.50 97.10
119! 43.74 2.16 1.11
AlK 5.09 0.21 0.10
six 84.46 3.09 1.37
Celt 23.35 1.04 0.32

 

 

EDAX m1 tipoint Output

 

 

 

180

 

zs-oa-zooo 13:19:53 KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 TKO“: 35.0 1035
Foam Cps: 1438 LSec: 100 P1381001. Kev:0.52 Cntz461 Specu'um:crn163.SPC

 

 

CK:

Crayola Techno Brile Red

 

 

    

 

I l l f j T l r l r l l 1 r [ I
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.1” 32.00 36.00

Quantitat ive Results

4.00

 

 

 

 

e-ent Inte Weightx Ate-1:3
x 500 .30 92 .22 96.47
60.55 2.61 1.35
6.17 0.23 0.11
121.10 3.90 1.75
26.63 1.04 0.33

“E‘-

SEES

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

 

181

 

B-Od-2000 13:06:07 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlT:35.0 7/35
Fsc: 11492 Cps: 1880 LSec: 100 l’rst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cnt:678 Spectrum: crn156.SPC

 

 

3K2

Crayola Techno Brile Red

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitat ive Results

 

llenent Inte Weight’s Ate-lick

c x 691.00 92.32 96.70
m 79.23 2.58 1.33
An: 6.96 0.19 0.09
Six 103.52 3.50 1.56
cu: 30.67 0.91 0.20

 

 

 

 

m1 Hultipoint Output

 

182

 

23-001-2000 17:22:22 KV:25.0 Till: 0.0 TkOfl:35.0 7/35

 

Fsc28696 Cps: 1601 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev:0.52 Cut: 941 Spectrum: crn206.SPC

 

 

Crayola Blue

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

C R 525.69 93.55 97
149K 45.17 1.99 1
AIR 16.39 0.61 0
Six 99.97 3.30 1
Cult 13.60 0.55 0

Element Inte Weight‘is Atomic’a

.06
.02
.23
.46
.17

 

Mag :42x '—| 600 um

 

 

EDAX Mul tipoint Output

 

 

183

 

230d-2000 17:35:59

KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOff:35.0 14135

 

Fsc: 7420 Cps: 1257

LSec:]00 Prst:1001. Kev:0.52 Cnt:834

Spectrum cra213.SPC

 

p10.

 

 

’8

K:

Crayola Blue

 

4.00 8.00

T T 1 ' T T T ' 1
12.00 16.1!) 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Ila-eat Inte

C I 429.59
m 32.60
m 8.53
818 75.47
CIR 10.81

"nightk ltmic’fi

94.06 97.31
1.84 0.94
0.40 0.19
3.15 1.39
0.55 0.17

Mag :42x

 

 

am: lultipoint Output

 

 

184

28.00

32.00 36.00

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 17:49:33 KV:25.0 'l‘i11:0.0 11011: 35.0 21l35
Fsc:7282 Cps: 1313 LSec: 100 Prs1:1001. Kev:0.52 Cnt:879 Spectrum: crn220.SPC

 

 

3K3

Crayola Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte WeightSr. Atomic‘is

C x 424.26 93.24 96.92
Max 39.61 2.11 1.08
AIR 12.92 0.58 0.27
six 87.70 3.50 1.56
Cal 11.57 0.56 0.18

 

Mag :42x L—' 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX m1 tipoint Output

 

185

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

nae-2000 1:93:12 xv: 25.0 m.- 00 non: 35.0 23135
Fecz6131 c...- 1143 1.80:: 100 m: 1001. Kev: 052 cm 733 Spear-z crn227.SPC
r; x.
Crayola Blue
1 T 1 r j T 1 l [ r 1 I l
4.00 m 12.00 16.00 20.00 2400 20.00 32.00 30.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte leight’c Atmic’s
C! 366.13 93.18 96.90

m 32.67 2.00 1.03
All 11.22 0.58 0.27
81.! 79.92 3.66 1.63
CIR 10.34 0.58 0.18

 

 

 

mu filtipoint Output

 

186

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 18:16:48 KV:25.0 Tilt:0.0 11(011:35.0 35B5
Fsc:5879 Cps: 1083 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cnl:730 Specu'lln:crn234.SPC

 

 

CK:

Crayola Blue

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight9s Atomic9.

C R 353.39 93.58 97.08
MI 29.54 1.94 0.99
AIR 10.97 0.61 0.28
six 68.66 3.36 1.49
Cal! 8.79 0.52 0.16

 

Mag :42x h-I 600nm

 

 

 

max 1021 tipoint Output

 

187

 

23—0ct-2000 17:20:24 KV:25.0 Till: 0.0 TkOl'l':35.0 6/35
Fsc: 1171] Cps: 1789 LSec: 100 Prsl:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 503 Spemum:crn205.SPC

 

 

0 K2
I

Trend Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weightx Atomic’s

c x 706.31 96.42 98.42
m 7.“ 0.31 0.15
m 34.03 1.13 0.51
six 65.13 1.95 0.35
cm 5.34 0.20 0.06

 

Magz42x l—l 600nm

 

 

 

me lultipoint Output

 

188

 

725-061-2000 17:34:04 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlT:35.0 13l35
Fsc: 15146 Cps: 2185 LSec: 100 1’51:le Kev: 052 Cnt:634 SpectnlnmrnZlZSl’C

 

 

FKa

Trend Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘ia Atomic?»

C R 918.24 97.24 98.78
MI 7.30 0.25 0.13
AIR 31.73 0.88 0.40
Silt 60.85 1.51 0.66
cm 4.13 0.13 0.04

 

Mag :42x h—l 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

189

 

23-0ct-2000 17:47:37 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlT:35.0 20/35
Fsc: 11297 Cps: 1699 LSec: 100 l’rst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 522 Spectrum: cm219SPC

 

 

Trend Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘k Atomick

C K 689.73 96.83 98.61
MK 5.69 0.25 0.13
AlK 29.41 1.04 0.47
83111 51.91 1.66 0.72
Cal! 5.60 0.22 0.07

 

Mag :42x I——| 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX M111 tipoint Output

 

190

 

 

23-0cl-20w 18:01:17 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 2735

 

 

 

 

 

Fsc: 10438 Cps: 1548 LSec: 100 Pm: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 464 Spectrum: cru226.SPC
I: Ks
Trend Blue
I I I I I I I I 15* 1 I u 1
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.” 20.00 24.00 28.“ 32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte lbight%.1tomi¢%

C I 628.39 96.80 98.57
m 8.44 0.40 0.20
Al! 25.74 0.99 0.45
81! 51.43 1.78 0.77
Cal 0.72 0.03 0.01

Mag :42x

 

Ellxhlultipodnt Output

 

 

191

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23—0cl—2000 18:14:52 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “(01105.0 3435
Fee: 10666 Cps: 1518 LSec: 100 Prsl:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 350 Spear-I: cm233.SPC
C Ks
1
Trend Blue
I j T I I I T I I I F I I I I I
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 3631

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’e Ate-Lia’s
CE 632.50 96.68 98.54

m 6.62 0.31 0.16
All 28.08 1.07 0.48
813 51.58 1.77 0.77
Ca! 3.97 0.17 0.05

 

 

EDI! lultipoint Output

 

 

 

192

 

23-0c1-2000 17:18:27 KV:25.0 Till: 0.0 TkOff:35.0 5/35

 

F50: 9512 Cps: 1944 LSec: 100 1’51:le Kev: 0.52 Cnl:S83 Spectrum: crn204.SPC

 

Crayola Construction Paper Blue

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Ate-10:96

C x 584 .96 93 .92 97 .26
My! 47.04 1.94 0.99
Al! 7.40 0.26 0.12
Si! 105.58 3.22 1.42
Cal 17.75 0.66 0.21

Mag :42x

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

193

 

Emu“)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0d-2000 17:32:06 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlf: 35.0 12135
Fsc: 7051 Cps: 1207 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 378 Spectrum: clelSPC
I: K.
Crayola Construction Paper Blue
1 f l T T T l ' T ' l T l ' l T
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 23.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte leight’: Atmic’s

C R 418.59 95.12 97 .82
m 24.41 1.57 0.80
m 5.07 0.27 0.12
81! 51.58 2.43 1.07
Cal 10.64 0.61 0.19

 

Magz42: L——J 600nm

 

EDIE lultipoint Output

 

 

 

194

 

 

 

 

 

 

230014100 17:45:39 KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 “00:35.0 19I35
Fee: $959 Cpsz969 LSec: 100 P111: 1001. Kev: 052 Cal: 301 Spectrum: cra218.Sl’C
C Ks
Crayola Construction Paper Blue
1 r l T j 1 l ' T ' l 1 T ' fl 7
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.”

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte leightx Rtmic’s

C R 357.90 94.83 97 .69
In! 22.14 1.62 0.82
Al! 5.42 0.33 0.15
81! 48.76 2.61 1.15
C83 9.22 0.61 0.19

 

 

 

w Mtipoint Output

 

 

195

 

23-0cl-2000 17:59:21 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 Tk()11:35.0 26/35
Fsc: 6588 Cps: 1411 LSec: 100 Pr31: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cnl: 373 Spectrum: crnZZSSPC

 

 

Crayola Construction Paper Blue

 

 

l l ' 1 1 I 1 I ' l ' T

I I I I I
8.00 12.00 16.00 20 .00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitat ive Results

 

Element Inte Weight’a Atomic’a

c x 392.35 92.82 96.76
ugx 38.18 2.17 1.12
an: 9.18 0.44 0.21
811: 86.05 3.65 1.63
cu: 17.47 0.90 0.28

 

Mag :42x ‘1 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

196

 

23-001-2000 18:12:56 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1100113350 33/35
Fsc: 7021 Cps: 1251 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cut: 437 SpecuumzcrnBZSPC

 

 

Crayola Construction Paper Blue

 

 

 

 

I I I
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’: Atomic’s

C I 417.07 93.71 97.14
149’! 38.08 2.16 1.11
Al! 4.76 0.23 0.11
six 77 .51 3 .27 1.45
Ca! 12.20 0.63 0.20

 

Magz42x h. 600nm

 

 

 

max Uultipoint Output

 

197

 

23-0ct-2000 17:16:29 KV:25.0 Till: 0.0 '1‘kOffz35.0 4l35
Fsc:22029 Cps: 2537 1.580: 100 Prst:1001. Kev:0.52 Cut: 289 Spectrum: crn203.SPC

 

 

3K8

Roseart Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight‘ls Atomic‘is
C R 1369.60 98.09 99.33

1498 9.35 0.27 0.14
AlK 1.88 0.04 0.02
SiK 11.09 0.23 0.10
cm 53.70 1.36 0.41

 

Mag :42x |———' 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

198

 

non-2000 17:30:12 KV: 25.0 Tilt:0.0 TkOll':35.0 “/35

 

Fsc: 17874 Cps: 1958 LSec: 100 Prsl:1001. Kev: 052 Cal: 198

SW: crn210.SPC

 

F10

Roseart Blue

 

 

 

I ' I ' l ' l ' I ' 1
4.00 8.00 12.1” 16.1!) 30.00 24.00

3.00

fl
32.00 36.00

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atomic’:
CR 1100.67 98.07 99.32

m 7.44 0.27 0.13
118 3.21 0.09 0.04
81.3 9.77 0.25 0.11
CIK 42.02 1.32 0.40

Mag :42):

 

mu ultipoint Output

 

 

 

199

 

 

 

Met-2000 17:43:46 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 T110“: 35.0 18135
Fsc: 16052 Cps: 1740 LSec: 100 I’rst:100l. Kev: 052 Cnt:164 Specu'I-Izcrn217SPC

 

 

”Ks

l

Roseart Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Rtaaict

C R 970.72 98.24 99.38
In! 5.44 0.22 0.11
All 3.18 0.11 0.05
Six 5.66 0.16 0.07
Ca! 35.11 1.27 0.38

 

 

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

200

 

 

Mel-2000 17:57:24 KV: 25.0 Till: 0.0 TkOfl': 35.0 25135
Fsc: 22618 Cps: 2413 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 221 Spectrum: cru224.SPC

 

 

CK:

Roseart Blue

 

 

 

_I 1 1 r I 1 I fi
4.00 8.00 12.00 16m 20.00 24.00 28.1” 32.00 36.00

Quantitative Results

 

 

 

Element Inte leight’: Rtmic’s
CR 1398.94 99.24 99.70

m 7.19 0.21 0.10
m 4.83 0.11 0.05
811: 6.52 0.14 0.06
Cal 11.73 0.30 0.09

 

 

m lultipoint Output

 

 

201

 

23-0d-2000 18:11:“

KV: 25.0 Till: 0.0 TKO“: 35.0 32135

 

Fsc: 18143 Cps: 1977

LSec: 100 1531:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 174

Spectrum: c411231.SPC

 

1:10.

 

 

Roseart Blue

 

T I
4.00 8.00

1 ' 1 1 1

I I I I
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte
C E 1107.04

lg: 8.43
Al! 3.39
813 6.60
Cal 24.92

leightt Atomicx
98.63 99.49

0.31 0.15
0.10 0.04
0.17 0.07
0.79 0.24

Msg:42x

 

 

.Enlxhlultipodnt Output

 

 

202

1

28.”

I j I I
32.00 36.00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-06-2000 17:14:31 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 “(011: 35.0 3/35
Fae: 12838 Cps: 2259 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 1199 Spectrum erm202.SPC
I: Ks
Prang Blue
[Ks
Ks
Ks
1 1 1 ' l ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 T l 7
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’: Rtmic’:

C R 785.35 92.50 96.58
m 92.03 2.54 1.31
All 10.51 0.25 0.12
818 186.80 3 .87 1.73
Ca! 33.45 0.84 0.26

 

 

 

 

max lultipoiut Output

 

 

3001-2000 17:28:15 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlI':35.0 10l35
II‘sc: 11172 Cps: 2102 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev:0.52 Cnt:1186 Spectrum: cm209.SPC

 

 

Prang Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quant itat ive Result 5

 

Element Inte Weight96 Atomic’a

C R 679.18 91.95 96.32
MI 88.21 2.71 1.40
AlK 13.71 0.36 0.17
six 176.80 4.09 1.83
CaK 31.67 0.89 0.28

 

Mag :42x ;—1 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Hui tipoint Output

 

204

 

23-0et-2000 17:41:50 KV:25.0 Till:0.0 '1‘k0fl':35.0 17I35

 

Fsc: 9361 Cps: 1704 LSec: 100 Prst: 100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:844

Speck-I: crn216SPC

 

pita

 

Prang Blue

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s
C R 566.53 92.06
Max 73.92 2.75
Alx 9.36 0.30
Silt 143.64 4.02
CaK 25.74 0.87

Atomic9s

96.37
1.42
0.14
1.80
0.27

Mag :42x

 

 

EDAX uultipoint Output

 

 

205

 

 

 

g—lmllm

 

 

 

 

      

 

23-001-2000 17:55:27 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlf:35.0 24(35

Fsc: 7564 Cps: 1466 LSec100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 802 Spectrum: cm223.SPC

3 K2

Prang Blue
SiKa
Ks

I I I I I T I I I I I I T
12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atuic’s

C E 447.67 91.15 95.94
In! 68.04 3.02 1.57
A1! 9.65 0.37 0.17
six 129.80 4.37 1.97
CaK 26.55 1.08 0.34

 

Mag:42x |———l 600nm

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

206

 

23-0d-2000 18:09:03 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOll':35.0 31135

 

Fsc:6211 Cps:1166 LSec:]00 l’rst:

1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 588 Spectrum: crn230.SPC

 

 

Prang Blue

 

 

 

 

Quant itat ive Result 8

 

Element Inte Weight‘i: Atomic96

C R 372.24 91.92 96.
119'! 45.94 2.61 1.
A1]! 6.85 0.33 0.
Six 94.28 4.02 1.
Ca! 21.64 1.12 0.

34
35
16
80
35

 

Mag :42x 1—4 600 um

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

 

 

23-0ct-20M 17:12:33 KV: 25.0 Til: 0.0 110113350 2135

 

Fsc: 31633 Cps: 3629 LSec: 100

Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 1193

Spectrum: cru201.SPC

 

 

 

Kid's Club Blue

 

I I
4.00 8.00

I
12.00

' 1 r 1

I I
16.00 20.00 24.00

 

Quantitative Results

 

C E 1971.80 96 .52
In! 109.30 1.64
Al! 5.43 0.07
81! 157.58 1.73
Cu! 2.12 0.03

Element Inte Weightx Atmic’s

98.38
0.83
0.03
0.76
0.01

Mag :42}:

 

max lultipoint Output

 

 

 

208

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23-0ct-2000 17:26:17 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TRON: 35.0 905
Fee: 14637 Cps: 1557 LSec: 100 Prst: 1001. Kev: 0.52 Cut: 218 Spectrum: crm208.SPC
l; Ks
Kid's Club Blue
1 ' l ' T ' 1 ' 1 ' l ' 1 ' l ' 1 1
4.00 8.00 12.00 16.1!) 20.00 24.00 28.1” 32.00 36.00

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Elnent Inte leight’: ltmic’s
CE 881.33 97.76 98.97

m 25.33 0.97 0.48
Al! 2.36 0.07 0.03
8:1! 40.91 1.13 0.49
CI! 2.02 0.07 0.02

 

 

m Multipoint Output

 

 

 

209

 

23-0ct-2000 17:39:53 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 1110113350 16135
Fsc: 13197 Cps: 1417 LSec: 100 Prst:1001. Kev: 0.52 Cat: 207 Spectrum: cm215.SPC

 

 

L‘Ka

Kid's Club Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight’a Atomic96

C R 793.38 97.63 98.90
HgK 26.38 1.11 0.55
AlR 1.45 0.05 0.02
Six 38.69 1.17 0.51
ca 1.22 0.05 0.01

 

Mag :42x h—l 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Nultipoint Output

 

210

 

211-001-2000 17:53:30 KV: 25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOlT:35.0 23/35
Fsc: 24403 Cpsz2851 LSec: 100 Pm:1001. Kev:0.52 Cnt:571 Speck-:cmZZLSPC

 

 

Kid's Club Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Results

 

Element Inte Weight": Atomic’e
C R 1516.18 97.48 98.83

ng 55.37 1.19 0.60
AlK 2.63 0.05 0.02
six 80.48 1.26 0.54
ca 1.07 0.02 0.01

 

Mag :42x I——1 600 um

 

 

 

me Multipoint Output

 

211

 

211-001-2000 18:07:07 KV:25.0 Tilt: 0.0 TkOfl':35.0 30/35
lI‘sc: 21141 Cpsz2446 LSec: 100 Prst:100L Kev: 0.52 Cnt:539 Spectrum: cm229.SPC

 

 

Kid's Club Blue

 

 

 

 

 

Quantitative Result s

 

Element Inte Weight’s Atomic";
CK 1304.69 97.10 98.65

MI 56.78 1.37 0.69
LIE 3.07 0.06 0.03
six 83.69 1.46 0.64
ca 0.57 0.01 0.00

 

Mag :42x I...__l 600 um

 

 

 

EDAX Multipoint Output

 

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63