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1mg AND MOTION :swmesm _ ,w
‘ SALAD PREPARATION 3

mm. {fo‘r It'hezDeg-rce 10f M, S, _
MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE
Patricia Tighe’fKrV-QShaki
1944

 

 

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fl. Definition of time stuty

analysis of the methods, materials, tools ani ocui*m:nt used

~, . ~ .. 4.1- ...,- w ,-._.,_, . .n ~. -, , ".2! . ~,. ~~ _-
or to so useo. in we gum :.‘..:L~,;:oe o... glam, m 101‘...“ xrou-

rick V. Taylor and his co-rorker, L. r. Thomrson, flofino

fiCTdtiOH into its

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10m t-1c:.1‘* (1.). mo; 3'42} in Hobos 905.11.»

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f.) I

notion stufiy is Wart of the analrtic 1 VOTE mention:
above. This has to do with the selection, invention and sub-
stitution of the motion: 315 variables that are to
ured (l). Borneo defines motion sums: as a criticrl exafiingtion
of the elementary motion: 01 an oterotion Us Setorrino fldcthor
all the motions are neceoourv in full or in wart.

C. A brief history of time gnu

l. Froérick Y. Taylor

.‘

The og’gin of tlmo and motion stufiy may no crofitoe

41

to

I

V

Taylor, who oogan its fievoloynent in the Lidvzle Steel Company
in 1811. We “1&ng his omnhasis on materials, tools, gnfi
oouipmont. The orinciples of management vfiich he thou ht most

a: I

4“ «n \ U? I 1"" r0 r. 1* I. (9 'l ." ' .‘ I . V5
fUDuLJOntLl more tno mu4ino o; CaCh mon'p nor; into u solonce

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mith consequo.

of doing the job, tl-1e preper selection end treinimo of the

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workers; fo llome d by the so uring of cooperation betreon we?

1 . 'r ,5 5. .5 5w 1,. 5. _ :1 . .
am: 1255 ::,ezi1ez1t.rle 55,.liee t..5e SC cient fic 5101:2105 to the
I.‘ . a“ . ~ . r. , 1.1- - - «.A r' -- -.o - - . A-
cetermin5tion of ; lair e5y's Lorh. £2055 those 5he o5me

..’103."3 iL1flL.e.-:ce YT??? T‘s::-1;t~.:1:"Lillie...C‘iléiereth,

oioneors in the fie d of mo‘i.2 stuciy.

Fronk Gllhreth r53 knevn for t'ting the 21rd jovs th:t
others iid aot 5:nt end making teem ensy Togetfier, the (‘1-

1 1 -5, 1. . 5.51.. --. .c- . .-_. 5.. ° -5
oretes oriliue.55 5lCrOeUblOE, e 5rcces5 01 t:Li5z muthd

. 1 .' m1 0 . . .. 1 5-. L... . . - , .,. 5, .
oicturos of tee JOb. ifllS §°OC3£$ n55 tno pa: _o5oe: To 15515t

in finding t}. e moot efficien $53 to do tee jot, 33C to 535iet

t
in teaching others to unuersteet the meening cf :55 o motion.

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yre55 Ciloreta 153 one 01 tee eott not ole cons55ting

. 5., '- fi5° -.. , "' - o .1 .- 5.....- ,7“ . ., .9 '-
engiieess 01 513 tige. 10 perle.tec e55, tev1ce5 ;OT motor-

1‘.‘. ". . " " v‘ 1 . " 'J - - a ‘q . ‘-' ""0 1' , . 7‘. rx ' 4" ,--‘ -. \ v _ ~ ‘. r“ r1 ‘1.
uieing the "one oest t5y" o: 501e5 tee Job 555 ,reec5ee tee

"conservation of noticii for the sake of 35%" (14). fire. Cil-

p
tr

broth has carried n sine; her hue

9-. ‘3 ' -‘-"’" I "r‘l '-
.‘{.L11‘-.:-' S (Lea. LIL}. <11$LI~ I) ,
w h a“ .- - ‘ . 5 .q I ‘3 - ‘ q " . T 10’- . 0‘ v
or5sent, 5 proieesor oi m5n5gc1ent at Lureue JJiver it}.

FT? ‘. a "a ‘ ‘2'" '.u."n':<\
3. tone more recent 50-5.1
Dr. Eel h 3. Barnes, 3 tr05essor of eogineerinr at tflu

‘ I

‘ r , .. 3.- ' .5 5
115.8 00.15.81.511

0

U: liversi‘y 05 I T?, is another 12L rh
fieli of scientific management. 5e his 6one much on E“.
has vritten several boogs on time 52‘

'I.

-0 .'.._.. 4- .. 19' M. ‘ 1 ~ ' ~‘ -1
CS .25 19‘5-‘V51'1 15. 15751-145. , 1". ’73-??04. CSbOI’

re

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motion otteg. Lee stuc

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01 1:"inwecirf at Purdue University,

titki ineu e-triel :roduction, but he h5o also Cone several

Troblems i5 farm work see in York rinfilifieetion in the home.
5e has xuicod several greiu te tv‘o‘tr in time and motion
stuoies. One of these $53 "ory J: ne Georg 1ho comoleted :
rroblem eotitloe "A Study of the 11301 lit on of Cafeteria
Service." This is an excelleht a lie tion of time 35$ motion
stufly to food service. Orehe Koo 13““:3 one Jean Hugh 3
Dunniean have also done some work ’3 tie time one motion studv
fiolC in notitution kitclets ti u;h, erceyt for these t?o
women, not n tin nd notion studies nave been mifie on food
preo;retion on e quantitv osie. Kiss H1W1 n (ie a micro-
motion stuéy of the orocer M? a use; i: n1:cie; blueberry m1vi“fins

in to )e’.: shoe of the estitttion ‘5”i“i tretion De Urtoont

e Purdue Univem~ it: in 1941. Her recort of this 51257 aidesrs

Q " ‘ u' ‘ a“ ‘. v '4 1‘ ‘. "‘1,“ wt. ‘3- r\ . . .q
in oer Doctor's cissortetion, us get uagtol 5505. 5:3. lunrig5n
" 4" ' . " . 1' ° . . .,-' ' :1 , - 3..- 1
cid e series Oi ime Lee motion stuciet on aelee one Siiincn

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making at the XcKonzie six:
The sendrich procedure found to give the {re-t :zt volume of
production she demonstre on a the American Dietetic Rssoci5tion
fleeting in Detroit in Octczer l?’?. This ves reoortoé anfl
i.lustr:te£ in February 1913 in.§g§§c at megaxine and r53 5lso
recortee in the AmoriCen Bietotic Lssoci5tion Journel in the
same month.
D. The chief puroose of the problem presented
The purpose of the protleu resortee here is as folltxs:
1. To Show the time reeuired by the 1vo‘1fie iorker
to “re11r , un6er giver '.orfiing c
soeCific SflJL ve~etltivs for rcrt
e-

2. To sh w the time required to 3.55
cared vezoteblos into sslao reoev

-3-

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thé tiflo rovuirnfi for TrDW-

? :9 candlete process

word as timv av: lgblo.

4. To thus are t eke aj;eurance on th: menu of
too many time—con:umiu: Salbds in one «5*

3. To Show hot to f
aration and f0

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writ on W m7fiinoers one loading workers in thg field. It
rols tea swecificall; to factory orocCiai :, but can 31 1—

Cafited for quantity foo d CCCCuction as wall. The triters

A o J— Lv (\ 5“,.“ 1' '2 ‘- pl: ‘9 .9 ’ r- I . . v
a C1 le0 33d motion staoy, Ch» ”Colo in-

q

discurs3 tQC 00

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vestigotio;qs t11;t have to be made bcforo tie timing fiog'us,
t1 0 cugrbcteri~tius of the time stLdy aIClyst, h H tho coor-
ator to be s uLi31 should sLlectod anm thC number of 3 udies

to be Cken on a oarticular oreration.

A. Th1} oojoct 01 time study

Theo oLjeC‘s of time :21 ..... Wion study, according to

m o " i 4. ”1.: .u, -. , .37 £ - . 1,
l. 10 finu t1mx1oau ecoLu1i 11 7n} o CoLng to a.
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N. JO 3 “MX'C.TL‘11EG ubfi “ .H

ocui mcu1t.

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. rpo Ct7r111e occur tel, 31 tigo TOlefeu a;

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tue avenge or I Lo C0 C17,, 0.0“.
v' -- — ~- n.» Y- .-A‘-
44 To t;;in th e or or in ne metaous.

b o v.

D“i "ht Hor°iCV (9), n follower of Taylor, states thit ,he
object c? this work is the determination of :11 pos: blo im-

*-

" 5" Q . n‘y ‘: .‘ " “ “' '. 1 l‘ ‘ V.-
yrovoaents of tne 0:11 neat 3mm sxrroLCCih,3 in tAo nCLLdl

n .- -. r- .- - !.- pus: 1:1 - ' 2! , v‘w." - -. 3 -- ~-.
FCTLCVHLQCG 01 the nor; “CC 01 tuG ELLE Limo hnuul . bl 15f1ct11y

1 3.. 3.1, .1 .3 -: A . . 13.. .1 ‘
conCi tions (9). Noel ¢:;ll y UH? obdocts of mot1 n SLULJ, CL

f vaste motiCns

O

Htato: 3y 1:1 h D: vis (z), or o the eliminati n

c- .

and the CCVClOTHDDt of more efficient motions (1). 111 a

broader Sb :ztomont I vis gives as h's objectives for tin: and
motion stwdy the foil ”iLC:

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1. Increased 09: c: niti y: (me 3.03.
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1. Eecrc_sot r0(uctiu1 Ldztz.
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j . ._.‘.;; c... 1.1.. ii'u \ 1,1" 0.. t. 1 ~.. 1:. ‘ijp'..)-L‘ .
x «y E‘

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for muwc incentives.
naiovee e rnjncs.
10:00 $01110.
accurate cc :3t ac hunting.
ccurate “T“‘UCLIUD co nntrcl.

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OF 1" ’. . “| 0-."1-3 . 1'“ "s a . r v-"! “ P ‘x —. §-_'~‘". . -1
Le believe» t11t incre1pcu ‘iO“-LLl,n will 001; t1101hu 11-
q! ‘2' ‘ a . ‘ p‘ r ,v“ L ' ,1 .‘i r«. 'r‘ 7 u" a" .2- I” 1 - c v '.- P{ ’9‘ at". g'wI . ,‘
Mr vcd ”Offilfifi Cwfiulbtha 1mg AutuOLS of 10r1; .wiinlte LCTV’
‘ -. '1 r. {7 ‘m‘ - 4- . 0-- .C‘ 1—. , .1 ~' r’ A‘ . -.-. .-.. ‘fifi
ice ongectivcs “flu 3n OpportunitJ 1or eugicjeub to 14;:uic

their earnings; treifiing aufi wrectcr intc-cct in, and deli-

nvfc'r wllccticn of flat; even begins, there are cartain

’thfl” that hwvc to be m 19. The vorg uni all

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(I)
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o '1 - 1. ‘ , 1"- 1' , -“ng W a 0' ca -v -\ ‘: mt», ~.- ’1-
garraum in I, congitionp .11.!th we cm: *1. 11-1.1» 5,111“ :30» ‘11. 1.110 .0 ~11
van ‘- "f ‘ . r 1 ’3 ’ I . “ ‘ .3 . A ' ‘ (— Q . a J- "'r
A‘it he acalgtic-itg \iVlmefl into its D1110 clemeuts. Tue

time must be observed and rccorécd for each element 0. tue

onora tion r516 an 1:11”tic l stuty mace of that recordcc unit

1‘ \ l' ' . ‘ I. L,“ ". "‘ 1 "'t' .1 f!"
C. Guaracteristics o1 hue time stucv 111131t

ticn, must have cert1in ch71 1.0 eristi 8. He has to t1lk 11th

3v .- ? .-I -| . 1" u r‘ 9"," \ ‘ “ .h‘yr‘ 1" "‘ . I ‘- .
the u rgers in tneir ohn lgdguuge 1pc be 111n. titn tncm 'ocut

the work he is doinr. He has to listen to their com laints

'3

1n investigate them. He hug to be diplomatic, sincere, honest,
u1tcr't13ciqv of humxn nature, tactful anfi petiol1t, anfi able,

I

no T1? 13 fiossible, to etrL in " fly" to the ?OTZGP. He has

d
H.»

"b.

to have the ability to get things Sane, 1 C013 ructive ins;-

initien, inventiveness, are the L“i-ity to insrire aid SUS-

the

H-
H
p.)

tain the interest of others. {have ell, he has to t
ceoeeretien cf the TO her.
D. Selecting the cysrater te he stnwii;d

“e SCfiG centreverzv CVO? tEC SClCCtiOn

Litchner(1) believes tat the tkilled em loyee should he

t*'ied.:eca1:e hisr otiors are mo"e unifr

0
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'1

more Mt 3611 v. The skilled worker rill are; bly use the begt

Q
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methods :nd aénpt bitself to the new metdeds more raeiWIy (9).
The results obtaineé tith skilled Workers are more de‘en;:b].e
I” I? ~ "" - ‘ H“. ‘fl ' 1.‘ -' ‘ . ""*V" '. ,

H.“ tne effec» of the VOTLQflwA edbetion iu lose. Lo rg, mHv~

nerd 32d Stegemerten (8) suxfest the selection of tee c orator

or worker tram whom the test results an be obtained. They

)1-

1~ - ‘4 'x 4- -‘ .r— 1 -‘ - -' 1' ‘ t '9 a
we reueoeed LiLL aha de mete libel] 30 i: to 09 cos,-

‘- - ’ -: - o- o {1 ‘ . o ‘-
eretive; tnut me is more L0313;ble heczu e me is more consictent
fi‘

‘ ' 1 o-avv y- . . we . b - 1‘“ . . o - ’-_ Tr‘ ’ P 4- ,
an; L33temflt10. : ctorp iniljze01afi LAG choice Oi in Oje

.( I.

r
to he ptudiefl, in their estimatitn, are the follouinrz (a)

S. CCRLUCi ht enti"e 'C vor:.
o ., a
3. inne‘L‘Wllity:

rniivbilitr.‘

0‘ ' “:3 ‘1’“ -4tp.\
G::::G ~u-Of luL, -;"‘*‘,L".‘.

fi'xfll‘ - a 0 r * . -v n no» V«-
5. Perfor dlCG: Ca-litj ””3 outdtlt; oi 5orn,
\ " F3r‘.1 5‘.‘
' U‘.‘).

. .-.‘. ,. ‘1 '2 ~-
-; ste ugd erogen tt
' t . .. ' ' - .,' .. w ,." 1.“ ,. ,1 . ',._ 1
6. film/n31ea.~ ecelltles: :nytlcae, flCuLbn, ant strezytn.

- ‘ V ‘. 1 ‘1 o _| a :11 ‘3.‘ 1 .3 ‘ ~
Barnes (5), on the other gene, Leilevee tdO stue; LJthL Le

made on the ever ge onerator, because if the stgnfiard is set

(3-.

- . . ~ ~- .~ A .. - ., f!“ - v-a » ,-
on the1e2t 01 £101 :nt merger, other emgls; es tbservius the

1- O - ‘ j -‘ .
.is Ixzt :3 ir 11‘ err: arm; trx.t

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3. Summer 03 stueies tt Le tween on u ghrticultr Owexar ion

L

he me“fi or f studiis cone de 0353 0“ the jufir" 3t of
the on“ erver and. the kind of jrb sing: times. The nut-fiber of
times the series CL elexents that make up the job is stneiee
iefienfs on several factors, but shaulfl we saixicient to
3 true ssnfile. The factors on thic ch it <e“enls are the

s 3-0 1.-. p 1",\ 0v- j 3—"- ' - w- -v . r~ ‘1
length 03 33.322; CjCLQ, p.30 1111:3391” 01 010101 to in the 0, tie , ,nc.

the censistenev a“; skill of t1e overstor.

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B. D23 scri3tion of ter:ns

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to me m we. I; m ti3¢ tglg h“_3yu_

1' .‘ ‘ O ’ L‘ _',.' ‘ .- 9 . _."‘ A o 1_ 0 ‘ ‘ ‘ _ ‘ II 9 -

£JJRJLufij 03 2317 e-au.u3é t, J3f3ifu;(uu“ 1 1.fi;n th\ 11 (n 540
o... -. a - ‘ I‘ — m '- . ~,w $1.,» ~ !.. r- -' . r‘ \ w a

ot30r3 sctorg 23L3ut33b ”:0 fat 3uut ta 033:1»erta, “t L30

most imfiort Lt tHin to con:;ier is an "HLlrzls of the own?-
ation. In the 3 135.193 63-.-,:.1t3:;3 here the ‘11::3;01' of 1511:1025 a
“”“L”“S IRS re egtvfi, the C mlitv Cf thcv:geteb13, the .arutr
of times it had to be mnvzd 320m cut 0 “tation urit to anathfifi

how lung it st Mo< in tempormr: storags tetxoen ownrptions,

,...‘ . . ‘ - ‘\ 3 1 - Q 1 ¢ ‘7' ‘ 3 r " “'3 P"

-.nezwe 1t 3--“ 73m) -rtxzi3nu.3u>3 lLIL) neforw3 .erv33xJ, g1 - to 3(3
-. . .1 , I Q AI 1" u - , . q . f ‘ -, 0 ‘ :

congluereu in.3n.3yzing tue 0302Ht10L. 3rm; t 13 33-1y33t a

R grocess chart is a novice i r TC cording 2 t??CB¢Q in
a comfiuct mauhfir, as 2 38425 of infravitg hc- precess or Oper-
be Cove, that is Conc,
how, the does it, there an? Thel. Some are more 01'MJ rate than

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other" tut all use svutolg. 333C 03 tiO 3 Lt co :01 one; bro:

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J
T139 ubu.V 509 rd and
3001331 Linute Lta; ”i-tcli

Catch is fastened in position as shown in Pl to 5 so that
it is easily hnnfilefl with the loft hrnfi and falls in the
direct line of vision of the tifie studr anslyst. In ttis
33:; it tzkes only a glance to read the snatch, rate the re-
coriing, and observe the next covenant of the overztor.

5. "Therbligs"

Tie movement, or motion, usually tizae is the "Therb-
lig." The term "Therblig" r fe to xny one of eighteen,

n

elementary, sutfiivisinus of 3 cycle 01 motion. The: :re:

1. Search 7. 12293510 3. Tr us Olt Empty
2. Pin: 3. Use 1!. Font I'or OVOTCOEiD”
3. Select . Bi: 533‘019 ‘ Fatijue
.. Eras: . Instect 15. Un:voM his ‘321
P

rc-tosition 16. voif ble lei Y
. Pele 3e L02d17.P12n

13. Hold

Fudrq
{O H x“) ‘0
.

A
5. Tr~n2 tort Load
6. FOSitiOn

fisch is refiresortej bv s svnbol, a color, 3:: 3 tires tonsil
number. They are furl 1cr cl2ssifiod as (s) "got rezoy" in-
clu in? all the elements before "use," (h) "50 it or mgkc it,"
or the clement "use," as: (c) "010:3 vi" which inclu cs all of
the elements coming sfte "zoo" (ll). "1min: the "Therblig"
is the most sccur te type of stop sutch stu y, out is not
a revs uses uses total time is the result Singet. Toe sec~
0nd clessifi 1czz-tion, or "do it," as s‘iscstes in Fran: and
:il bretos' article in "cgwct 3‘:j'winic;trcttion,
he unit timed for the stu5io 3 fire; ented acre.

6. Rating factor

J

After ti o rocoro has seen ma5e, the stenflsrd time or

time recuircd by the rverzge worker is Gotcrwine5. Tiis is
done by s leveling orOCgss as Sevoloood by j;stinghosse (5).
Since sk'll LRL ofiort differ from *orscr to to‘kcr inc from
53y to say, if tic stanfsrd is set on a very skillful worker,

the oversfe or loss skilled worker scold not no uhle to meet

it. Ov the other hand, if the stenGsrd is ct tithout tak-

U

ing skill an” effort into account, using a is es: skilled oner-
stor, tne skilled onerstor Kill just Elect this ti. so or till
exceed it to an extent to 15.1011 he is not chritlc "i“-1
fsctors f0" rating the worker are skill, effort, sorting con-
citions , and co1sisteicy. These are the factors on which

175 men took cospnrative stufiies over a toriod of about one
the ssoe job, usirg identicnl notions
and ye "rot.c11¢ Ciiiercnt volumes of ;or1: (5). The result

of their work is the perform nco re.ting chart. The n loyce

-15-

-- .1.v. -‘rfx t“ '1 . ‘v‘ #1.. " 9 . - 0‘

InO qu onscrvou lu bdlo stuty 1:5 1
M,“ ...,-. -, ,3 n - . . . _-. .-:-

ahc vls ratca accortiagly ior all lour

factor

I03

ac figures ;r on this

give the leveling factor fihiCh is th t

in orde

V‘
I.

t1 average time is multifilied

ence in cerformance eaove or belo:

is Cetcrmi a1 Mr iczlly

r'
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"QP

for “kill, effort, vorking conditions,
chosen from tne foruztce-v'ting ch:

Dr:

. 4.4-

M? cva
.;-"—-—0 vgi-Ju'.

OO

fiverage

cm
5

Pnor

.5

C: Lint? m

J.\-L

16-

av OI”

 

factors

chart are used to

1:;ctor "by

r to Liju st for differ—
agc" (9)

t e nuz; crical values

The level

" C‘
1'... g

1‘...

(\W" C“
1'. .i

\n“aka

d c istcncy

art.

CmT‘VCV
‘ 1 ‘.' t

- O

l. The to“ cin ieue of e ston watch stuev

The technisue for taking stod retch stufiies varies
accoroing to the her 030 of the study. Some are much more
exect (n21 Ceteiled then others, but in renerul
several stees teat need to be follovee. All t
asked for in the heading of the observation sleet ens to
carefully recorded. This use: Al'?y incl“: es the nude or numner
of he 0 er:rtor end the flute enfi rengrtwent in ~hich t
job is done. The job must then be fiiviieé into the elencnts
to be times, since the "Therb 11:3” is too slort in duration.
Hzniling time should be sefier ted froxl machine tine and the

consV nt elements shenlJ be senoreted from the ve rieele ele-

ments (5). Each element ShOL lo ~e cle rly 31; conci:e 13
s ates and recorded on the oeservetion sheet.

Timing Legins then tnis iifermation is r0333. There
are four rather common 3335 to re d the sto= watch. It mry be
read continuously, e. 3., the watch is nernittefi to run con-
tinuously over the period of stucy. The observer then notes
the time at the end of each element 3nC records it after its

'I

name or sytm:cl on the o. sorV3 Mi on sheet. This is usuallv

(3.;
(‘2
CT
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C.‘
I. '2
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considered the best method une V‘

. n. -"'r\ a." V ‘-'~'~ ~‘ '\ . 1 ,~ H. 1" ‘~ ’ H' _' v" .-.
3ies. lee 33tch r 3 be 333gnec u3c3 3t tee e33 CL 0303

 

element, knovn as the regetitive neteefi of timing. This {ives
the direct time vitnout subtraction, but is not es scour t0

the continuous method. Continuous anf r3ietitive tining

 

as
;r\ the netxo|v most cotter ly usei, but for seeci 1 cases

-17-

tnere are accrenletive and cycle timing. T.
method 3 used YLOTO there are tto elements to ac times
,ies are mounted close to;*;et her on the

- una- *- m, .. .35! -11. . . ,3 -
stop Juan noird see L393 ore is stOjgeo the otner 33to-

meticelly starts. In tVis rev each element may Le more

accurately tifilOd, becsuse the watch is steeped then it is
reed. Ther3 there is a series of very short elements that
cannot be accurately tim dsith a WQtCh the cvcle netnofl is
used. Th series of elements is times as sent times as there
are elements. Each time one element is left out. By means
of a simfile calculation it is possible t3 find the time for
each element of the cycle. Tie inexnerienced find it Gif-
ficslt to do so me.y things at once, vis., observe the ogcr-

etor, res ° the ret01, and record the cats, but after a little

q
f

practice it becomes quite easy. A rMi ti no ctive sounx usuclly
accomosnies he beginning and ens of e ch ele t;nent, and the
time study analyst learns to listen for this sound tnile his

1

ye is on tee i'tca.
2. Determin ng the rating sne leveling factor
T7.ien m" stes is rating 'he skill an& effort of the
oeeretor snfi leveling tim e;1 to give the stenfierd t so. These
factors dedend on the ju ere t oi the time study :nel3 st.
The snnlys t octermines the skill, -ffort, tork nx conditions,
anfi consistency of the excretor in comrariscn to that he

1
I

consieers everece. From the performance-rating csert he ,Hen
gives the worker a sting. If he considers the 030 r tor

very skillful, her1ight rate skill "excelle3. it" or "super."

-18....

This is recorded 33 2-1 or 5—2 or i—l or 3-3. In figures it
nieht be any“hcre from .18 to .15. '.:illr Deer no re-
lation to effort snfl though t‘e em; rater is very stilliu
no say be '"tting foyth very little or no effort. fijxort
v;ould be rated "ccorr1;ly "everege," "fa r,“ or "3oor."
is average 11th zero the numerical Vgluc. 131: is T—l or

77—: '1'flt11 tee 11111719331021 value 3. minus .C.’-. to 11111113 .11 ergo“

value. The 5.30 process is used to determine t11e verc n3
conflitieis ani consistency. The onerstor stnflied, sliii

at”) V- a .r-1V/.""'fll_vf’.'n "’(':(‘1 d‘ t."‘ 1 njfi {3 1 1 ‘ ff.
(LLOWV c. Viv—by, Luna I‘u. ash 0...} -O.LJ_O,~.._,~.

Skill C-1 .96
Effort C—1 .05
Vorkin; Coniitizns C .03
Consist 1103* 0.01

“‘ " ‘ 3 .. ~v~~— . " , -- 1°- , - “ 'm.
Eies c ligxies are laces el¢ee13icllly to blfc tle IOTCllug

factor. In this case tee leveling factor is 1.1l.

time by he leveling factor.
A. flexing alloszces

' .' "‘ ' . . V‘ ‘ fr: ' o ' o\ "‘0‘ 2 “ '9‘
To the stunnerd time is stood on "ollehunce.' L110 -

~ _h ‘ ’ 0‘ Fl" .ro ‘ ‘ .-' I. 1"
ance is muse ior persongl tiee, Iaulbue, unavoi13ble L7lmy,

.-

. '1 _. 1 _., . K - .. 1" . ~ ..
anc for Special reesons on Mortzi . jzos. 133 e sis 1o» allOt-

ence, according to Diclson (15), is flie ntmher of minute
workofi anfi the st “tor” 1o1nt of work done in that time,

ususllv a vortin“ 537. He feels hat t} mi tv “ir utes, or

five::n:10ne hslf tcrcent , or e nine hour day is e fair

constant personal allowance. On an egeerion that does not
rcsuire much s:ill or energv en percent is smile eliorsnce,

but there tile 0 erstisn re"uires accuracy ali‘ the ouslity

of the .or: ”us t to COM} Ni eret, fifteen to treaty fiercest

is often allowed (15). Barnes 5533 tto to four FCTCGnt or
about twenty-one minutes is :n,7t st time To rlight work.
Here should be e1101ed for heavy work a e in hot or 61:23 Wee-

able working conditions. The allousnce for fatigue ce~ends

1y there is LO allowance.

H

on the kind of work, but use:
Hours are shortezdee :nc lsbor—ssv1n: “cosine“, tools, and
fixtures are used. Unsvoifiable delay is th;t dolcy cs e6
by the J'C11oe or oneretor or some outside fo.ce not to so

accounted for bv the ogerator. On some 3003 allor 110e hes

V

‘

to be made for soecisl delay, soon as waiting for hole to
lift, or L:vin' to t r:: euickly K1110 the mater‘sl is of the
right consistency. Since no seecial
ssry for the Operator studied for this revert, her work being
light as compared to other jobs in the sitchei ans her work—

ing day being eiglt hours tith a one-hour rest reriod at

the end of five hours, an ullorance of two percent was m Ge.

This is .0203 minutes for eseh o oration. The alio nee

after it is iete-2ined is adjed to tLe stor oern tizne to Viet

Ir tile t:.3les sresented the Cats from all stucie; of
0&0 ch veretat e are shone, but those ferthe-'t from the envious
mean more struck out 5nd not inelu€ed in the totels. The

sizbrevistions Us" on in the tabulatiess of the Cats are as

A ~ - r~ - "-1,. a l" " - . ‘
o. observ. means T4139? 0: oossrvatiens

 

 

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0 ‘4'? "Pi = ‘ n mad“. t" -' VAT". 2"“ r: timn
“a. i. $44. .--; H, .:1.\,.:--.L-.;.J o... u- “H", .-« .. 4-»,
-= 7'. 'z" {1"}; "753 ""0“?“ 5‘ 597" 1'2i""1]‘.‘1 tiv'r)
O .s -i. .-.\---.-\.J . ~‘JkK-LaLJ ‘-.¢..A- A-tLa'¢ -".‘J

 

‘I "P r» 5 "‘1 - -. . r“. ' s" " . 'J *
L31. Lia. means sexless time

 

m .5x to

 

 

. .,

. Level. 'Ct. means leveling lottor
’- ‘h ' 1 .. h r "- n '\ 1“ r‘ .- s ,1 - .01.,
u. QEQ. T1119 5:89.115; .t.ts.~.11'._7.o.1’-g LL. {3
'7. Lilrr”. Tirfizzn rs ‘71:? so tisu3

 

 

'1

1‘ . .- -... , ,. -. ,n ,. ‘, ., , .- L. m.- ,.' - . ~ ._
In tut) figures Aresenttm u,.i.l- tycsiets, .uikili; pols,

rx‘ ‘ n ~' o r- - .» ‘ \‘ ‘4’» . ~ I‘ .. 7” .. 1-. .1 "\" ‘1‘ F "
qs trays not actuilly on tie tail? Lre wL com ad deuls or

Ci. 4.

frames so th: they are thirty inches from the floor. The

table is thirty-four inches high vzics is stasisri table

‘1
-1, -
ad

    

ll

 

N

1

I’ll/IllIII/IIIIII/IIl/IIIIIIIIIIIII/[IlllllllllllIIIII/II]
39 'v ‘

“’6‘!- DISH CUPBOARD OVER

{ LEDGE EXTENDS UNDER CPBD. *

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRAY
CART

I93”): 3/”

7L/og”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\

 

 

 

r-3'-°"—*1

 

 

 

 

 

J

  
    

OPE N3 TO
BAKER Y

    

REFRIG.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“P
N
7n
in "
03“ N WORK TABLE
~41 30”): 72”
\
§
“P
N
E
.I
2 q J Q 6
3 "1 ‘3’ X x 3 tr E
t ‘C J 2 2 < < ‘L
Q 8 N 0‘) B t 0 M
_v 35:23: i Q In It
H—I1-721~+/’—61—<-/’—6=~<—/’—6’-'~ ---/’—42’---4
A L- l.”
f /0 44

 

”LIL FIST}??? l

(7 f)

 

 

'F'a ( 1‘- H'G I ’1'!" "fiFfirfi‘Tv ‘-G h1- m.fl f': w 1' T1 q. 4-"! .1 «m [A -\ fl”..;‘
15:; L).- '..,..I 1.451? 1131;-L1J11' Udlk) ”I: .‘.1.!.'.'. LEA.) OE inlliiil .MJLJ. L’L/i.)

Tfhm-fiffih
LLLJ .l AWL

 

Drrin
\. CZTCA

 

 

 

Sink

 

Drain
Board

 

 

 

Terr EIGHT

.LJ w '1

 

 

Pick Up he:d l olettuce uith both
hence holding the Lnife in right h"nfl

1. Hold heed turning it as 1. Cut off core end, bed sects
necess ry and outsifie leeves

2. Bold heed under running 2. Turn 0. meter at sink and
water and wash help Km: h lettuce

3. Put he :1d 3? lettuce on 3. Begin to reach for next
drain boo heed

Rerest this ooeration Ulitil bushel is cone

 

T'THHTTQ ‘3
d- J- "\J.Lt.»J H

 

 

 

1"“ V

f"
a
.5

n":

TI.

T,
T...

      

  

g- I
"it

‘

   

«F- ;§J-'..\.

a. D-v-‘Q 'v-‘u-‘
. |.;

 

1... 4..“ “1. Au «.4
. . . o . .u
on!“ _. vru . .1 T. .. .

. . a...“ t b .. .. x h x ..
w .1. 3 .u t... “1 I» w
n . r
.7. «w .1. .3 W.» A... w!
.- . L L .5 .1. T... w...“

 

 

 

 

 

 

n .2
J. L A .,
. .
mu... 1...
-._
~M$n ”.0
V. .
.3 z...
. ...
W .n L
r. 1. .h \
a .
.1.— t...
3 4 .
3A. .
.1 l

n
O
L, l
x;
VIA
LL
3..
f...
V r ..
. a. I .
\.t
P.
f t

. l a
9m). W. L
.1

O: O
a. M. .
a...

Cola

L

st-u

t

0

'5‘
.

4.—
I‘C--‘

Ar

*1 g... “t-
2.; ”ins; Lid.

1

u.

'- 1.. -. -
’th 34.0-3».
'~.'.". tor

?

(W
"o.

‘ If.
t'u..~4

IQ .I.\

"U

‘.-’ L.

9 Q
|-1

(f.

ttuve

I“
‘4

l

‘W
mi

‘ ~ 0.4--
. u . .
a . \ ‘5-41

{L

 

 

“l.
-1; ""

 

 

f)

iv.

CUTTIXG HEAD

Handle to Turn ------- -

Knife Blade

 

Put 3 head in hepser

Push lever

Eepest this Operation

Cut
ce

Tra
of

,
1:118

 

Hoypen-- e

~rstor
Lover

53

RI

rm)

 

Cut in
an tray

. _ a . '~‘
hall hLu put

2. Help left hand

3. Turn knife blad

:ntil bushel is eons

innif

oHo

e

 

FIC‘URE 4

r\
' .

- -
f. 5

 

 

v
I‘.
x

\A’

 

77,- ‘T°‘, CT‘TTI:

£-.’.‘.;$L'

:G ISLE! LITT JCEJ

 

 

Tray cf
Washed Lettuce

 

 

rs; to Catch
pater
Ofera CUt ins Bflard

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ufiTT PIGYT
Hold heT’ - fly 1. Cut head in half

cutting boar

Hold § Load firmly on s. Cut 1
board, cut side down and crosswise of L.“

Place other half head 3. Cut k head lengthris
to be cut and c10ss ise of L sd

Reach for next head i. Usin: blrfic of knife,
511:0 cut lettuce into
1:: 3:1: I? bowl

L)

Reficst the ouerstion until bu“Lcl is Gene

 

FIGURE 5

 

 

 

97H

TTTIIIE‘. ZI’

ng-v

L3 -JLI

an "if“ 77“”

‘0 LI

 

 

 

Trey
of
Plates

 

CUTT -u 32L? LWTTWC? KSEGES, F
Tray
of
Clean Lettuce
on Steel
C‘je 1:1
LEFT

 

Pic
en hole

f1 ‘13le
U

”fl-r7
11px.)

in

st rifh hand
fiutting on plates

The num“er of W
on the

of the lettuce.

k uu head of lettuce
on board

(
-.‘ v\“

:Cllife is lUiU. LO
ele te veri

7.

2. Put

CD

Cut‘ting
BOzlJI’Ci

 

 

Trey of
Plates

 

Tray of
?l£tos

 

Tray of
Plates

 

 

le

 

 

PI CYT

 

Cut lettuce

garnished plates

befOTG tle
«.1 a t
the {‘1 11541 i t?!

\GL “OS

 

FIGURE 6

 

HELD LETTUCE

 

OPERLTIOH TIE? I? MINUTE§

 

 

 

CUIYTIT! @ gg&{1 Q n .
. . " W #4 - g: {‘ :71
STUDICD fiR3TVuC) fl t3 5 o u
1 BTIS'EL 4“ 5. 5». --,' b 51 >1 :1,» :1 u; 1-"? c:
‘ “ §£a’{'~‘1 ‘2 0 or! 2:0 ':Ou‘. «4'3
01‘ ‘xi, f. 4? (:2 a] 4-3 C) C“) C) Q) 4.! LJ
(‘1’) t r.) ‘.-v- C}, ',1 r-fl :* +3 ; ~ 3'; O .1; 53-83 43 O
._,\ O 4,.» fl_, "» (1;. rrj g 3:: p I: :j :3 ti
n71;- 1'18 4 :2 >7: :5 O ind-H .‘ :5 H rd 0
-11. ":5 '7'.) H «30 $143.4 sum 0
2 0 ”i4“ v Hpar Hp wm
.mH SH 4-) 1.; Q +3 :3 .p :3“; £30
4-3 +3 H S .9‘ 1"} 4-7 (3.; +3 f. 0.3
g m o o t; s s ' m
—:1 'C: L o 0
L4
lSVQG 9.Ԥ 8.63 15.00 36.:! 1.90
11.00 9. / Svlq SO.’F 4;.e4 1.7?
(3 O ' C‘ r " 3
.5" 0,1

 

 

5.00 5;oq 8.80 14.03 #976; 1.60

 

9.6: 5.#é V 35.66

 

 

 

 

Total 133.03 137.v3 11¢.94 W45. 1 4d9.96 $6.03
No. Observ. 14 13 12 13 13 14
RVg. Time 9.50 8.93 9.91 13.9“ 31.17 1.?3
H111. T1338 7‘00") "‘0‘?! (.063 1.1"} 30.?‘3 loll
ax. Time 1?.53 9.37 12.“O :E.OC $0.03 3.8
sting Zl-Cl-C-C

evel. Pct. 1.14 1.11 1.11 1.1! 1.1j 1.14
td. Time LG.“BHG 9.3”fi3 1.1971 1.511“ T.?53* ’.“¢6"
llovsnce .520? .0309 .CJS“ .0 C“ .050“ .Ofl?
1110?. Time 13.’509 9.1?38 l.11?£'1.53f ¢.77!6 i.l‘VC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

117 71“ «11qu
i 0 “iv 2J5!

A. The ime required to prefim2e certain vogetubleg 22s
defizite 2021123 conC tions
1. Reid lettuce
2733223 he.: 6 lettu,e, the most common 222 a 529 222, 2:8

... ..... ‘- f, a- ... .:: ,2 a. -- 2'2- . .
‘22122 222 00202 my tpo "etiotg, I 222 II 23 22022 lfl rlfiUFCS

8 2nd 3. It :23 cut or diced by 2222 and cut or sliced on

{.3

‘

2222 oyer2ted cutter 2s shoug in Firure 4. It 223 2120 cut
end nut on 212tes 12 226303 for 2 plain h-2d lettuce t.122.
heads were cut on the 30222 driven .20ui.W\3221 tiz3zs,
but the 22t2 is 2ot presented 22 this 22 20d of firemarution
bruisec the le2ve2 too h dly to 00251522 such 2 method 20
ma.tter 132“ much time was saved.

9-” ’- wa—TT- ’p ?":?~‘ yon-v;- ‘fiYf va‘! (‘merTv‘T-fi Tum. ‘.‘€7‘~’3‘" T1 .._'-_ “15': "'1 V" "‘1 P‘" C:
u' .o. J- ‘ "'.l‘ -\ . ’ -‘II

.'¢-ta 14-. L] :'..LI‘.4J it” J :ukt

lettuce the amount of time rciuirefl by main:

$H110 t 0023's 22t137 12:3 th2n that requi2efl by Kothod I 222
the range from minimum to maxinun only 3.37 minutes. In
liethod I the 22:13-33 2 5.53 minutes .221 13123 n he i'i 'ures
r22 to two c i3it2; Th0r0:3 th re are no tio ii; t hum ers

in lothod II. Hethod I requires .49 minutes 222 head 222

)w-d
v~ 1

II only .36 minutes. The alloxoc time for h3thod II
is 9.2030 minutes .26 for lotto“ I is 10.QSO? mi2ttes.

This would seezn to 12-10 te thrt Tethod II 225 the best, but

\i
‘ C
i-

L1

is net 2: ces;32rily true. In Eethod II
6 202202 into 2 5122 of Vrter 223 then 211 1

time. In fiethod I each he2d is

plecofi on the (25.12

1 0 [5,1573 a.”liIlUtC

.titief or the rate

C1"

ing

use :33 31’ II.“

bushel of Pleened

the time rangei from 11.00 minutes to 35.00 2inutes.

rather Iiier mnge of
verienee in
c2n be cut

time for heed cuttin

.‘o

the h2-d 0})er: ted 22

minutes less.
Trble 10, to essenbl

must: 22202 to the

.——, 3 .
sgvee by using fiCUJL

he water out of

the cuelity of th

much more rzzzpicilly t11:::,n

1

bozre immedietely to Gazmir.

1 12‘ I V o.~.— 1. v 1 .‘a n"
22 HS 153 out Of 2222

11.00 minutes is

i“
O

(-1-
{'1'

uce.

g s 21. 326 minutes t
chieo is 11.2 8.3 :inut es, or 10.3124

However, it takes 2 total of
1

total time £02

II

es she n in 11

loose ones.

thi s

the

\1 (‘3
T-“

pa, .1 ‘—

552 be lost in

out of the lettuce or in shah

o“““’”f? KICHIIE--Then the

-.2... -TJ-u. .

due to the neturel

Firm, 3011;

9.19 minutes,

a 1 1 ~fl.
3310133012". 1

ettting,

making it 13.'9? 2 minutes. Thonrh 8.12" minutes is saved

by cutting n the 22

better tlcn cutti izg
crisr,

look so "chewed."

then cut by henfi

shown in Teble ll.

‘1'

sm

2 r

.3012 minutes or

refiuired to put up and remove the

ting
5

1 Pt .42 ‘.r
213 222 he2os coul

the mschine.

f2esh speeerence more th

by head would be

”(2'
chine, his method

0}; hen: . 1111-118

H
b.)
(D
‘.'
1" s
U)
0
;-

.4401? hefsn,s 1:... £1.19

Urefo

cut lettuc

an be cut in 13
cut

minutes,

2 be cut in the tigt

is not necess2rily

e retains its

an 23 c zine cut one foes not

~.-\ -N
minutes as

‘
J
. J

f

02‘

$

b-

t.

. fl L Q
t125 time oer

the time

cutter. Therefore, cut-

'red for three or less he 23 23

_---.—n II- — -.

 

 

Drain
Board

 

Sirk 1 ator

 

 

Drain
Board

 

 

 

LEFT

1. 1

Same as right but hold
bunch

:7 73’ 7 ‘7-
{Q I J. -0 l L: i».-
'3

. 1.. n a-“
1.31th 111 8111;}. 1 OJ. 1n; Lter
1" ‘ ‘9 . ‘xn‘ “a 1 Q I'fi -.
and F10; u; wane“ on
“ .. ' . ,.._ a
Ural}: bengfi

~v

4. Put in sink 1 of w;te;

Doweat stews l to 4 umtil
Put knife Gown

flash with both hauls and

Wash with both hanis 3‘3

Let stand untll roadv to

 

4

1" 1 ."7'j"r-'rr1 n r- 13““? T 1*- ‘T? 1' v-wmm v we.
name” ..LJ..\J u, -1. ,',J;. :43 J- 1“ JJ, ,;..'. J. J .1.)

FIGI‘ET

. Pick Up bunch of lettuce
and rut on irfin board,

knife in hand

. Cut rest 923 off
0 C'Ut T301: and Off

all are done

0 C
:‘v '; "x P ‘x'
”5:4- I.’

4 1n 4
Fut in Sink
use-~11ft to Crgin begrd

 

F

flf'ff‘n“!

I K,- g; .; .1.)

 

 

 

 

(”g r?" "jC Tfr‘UT-I‘I T'!‘
:vfi'L‘wfi'. .L¢ : iA'u‘m l. U
Q
."." ‘51
4- -- .-L

4’
'J

t'
O
(3'
1‘5
{34'

 

 

 

ti} 1-3
) I1
,1) r)

(u
a

‘13 1““
f3: :3

 

 

 

l. t off loaves

suing them in

by

:1
a the

”t
'1.

“nd lightly

L‘S'U‘S'. F3

:2 D“

,. :. M

t in sink 1 of water

until

Let soax

l7 2‘"

k.- . "kll
”’a“
‘3 (‘Av

13? both
4,

gar gnu lav on ledge

'vffi 77:1"! Th‘mTUC .,
JUML: u;:-.J.‘ 44.32: 1::

 

RIGHT

 

Pick
end

up bunch by root

0

.14.

Throw root end into

f‘tu 1 0'.
bar DELE; '3

ready to use

hauls, lift out of

to drain

 

FIGURE

K.)
to

8,

 

Thfnfi
L1 '

Jun-'-

T;w 1L

T?

'r
‘. I

 

(‘1’):qu - fr.
2.1

nw
‘j 4!.

r1 -r:1 ”: 1:

i . "L |-,

- ‘ . -u‘ ‘. L4—
___:

7771!?!“W‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-5...” ..'\.;.L'.LJ
."fiT‘," "f::IT z)"; E”: 5::
v.m I~L o .H
Luan- J' N 7;.) Q“ rd (-0
1 T '“*T H a. «G a n 9
—-*~ v- ~ :3 c; r:: ;« ;
'EOT 1:03:13? 0 o 0 :2H " o L
:3 if} {-9, {.13 ‘4 t4) 2.;3 O
7:217“.er Q +3 H +3 H 4:» «4 or!
-’~}f--‘-;;;*-' H. (.3 $4 0 +3 2;: .11 +3 “:3
Qflflj SQ .mmfi. nag
m (Duifi J; 5;;
F3’11? E“! 04 {-3 D, C]
p. #1
7.61 3.10 3.00
8.31 3.00 3.33
1.5.3) 3.x}? :: :1
3.75 2.65
Jzflaéf; 1.033()
1.60 1.50
2 0a 1.50
13.03 1.99,
2.50 1035
7 :"t‘ "7! “.
an..".) .- .J-
:.50 2.,0
“ . «.r4 6; “Lid ”)2”?
T013 1 Time (”.09 .21).)...
no. om) erv. tio as 14 14
.filf€?l7_q§«0 Ewiumuc :3.(j:) 230C)£3
fiinimum Time 1.1; 1.10
fiaximum Time 4.45 3.33
Piting Cl-Cl-C-C
Leveling F“‘tor 1.14 1.14
it: ni‘fq Tine 3.3060 3.3028
I 110- 'iIZCG 00208 03.32:” L)
Li. $10.. 0C1 Time 0381-6? :1. ?p-35
l
rp*nrffi 0
_: éJJJ ; #4

-33...

 

WTTT"“ I" '“TCTC—~Tn cuttiz -1 wedies of hehfl lottgce
for e glain Solfld :25 7M Gin: tieee reflg,s on the garnished
plates, as shown in Figvre 6, the time 3:"‘oua."“c:'1 W Ties 10.00
minutes from minimum to m TilUC. Close examination of the

figures in Table 1 will ehow that the octae l r.r"e 13?.10

minutes. Thee -xtv"*e ii”lFQS vete not inclufefi in the

taken from averages of 18, 2 , and 33 trays is 3.10?3 min-
utes. This method of tree; :1ettuce t :05 a longer time,
but is the mos t Col on m thod used at pre5r2nt in the prewa-
ration emu servin: of oleinl 0.113 lettuce sale d.

8. Lee; Lettuce

Another common salon green is 193? lettuce. Tnis is
used largely as a salad garnish 5.8 the time required to risk
it was the only time etuflio d. Using the method sho“n in Fig-
ure 8, only 5.0704 minutes are reouireo to was} a lO-oound
basket of hot—house lettuce. The vashed leaves are then torn
to the desired size as they are out on the pl;te. If he
lettuce is 31 ghtly tilted, it can Le left in the sink of cold

water ten to thirty minutes ene then be lifted out to drain.

-1- ~-" . r; h 16/. .. _.2 .L n s. ...,. .1, .' .. ,3- m1
It telnet} 01.1.1.3- po )mju 1.3311 L10.) DO 52.-)- J. t (1' .Lbl 11f t i b O Ut o J. 3.1")
o “ ‘ n1 - r- a”. w _ - {a . _ - a 1 . 1
figares in iufl e u for Q-T£Lh lettate re .cr one-ltLI visual,
".~~ at. '1 n - . 1—. . I Q , “5 ~ L‘ta V7 0 L. ~A '~ ‘ [‘v -‘?~
teeueo we 31:0.n in al-a-e x, Sb bJCJ “*8 net LHA’EOJD flow a

to be 3i~7ilic'~t.
3. Carrots

1

Carrots a? us co in fete- tag than lettu e, but 0 n

'3
f n
L
'3. .'
k“)
r

‘J

 

 

wam

l
_. .4‘

 

Pick um carrot

a.

V '1 a" .-
ILC]. U. an
DOC O S S :11"?!

Put on tray

‘q'zfivr tr

yr" 5". \ ml"
L . \. I) k «.-
- .‘lLJ-J 41V: C.".£ia."‘ ‘ X.)

4.. g- ,. "r
bUTL Carrot “3 h.

‘v
7x" . ' ' ! A
J 1.4_‘~:.JJ1'

9v
4.».3.

h..._.l

 

 

0391‘ @

 

 

 

 

 

 

BI {EFT
inife in hand

Peel

process until
are éone

 

FIGURE 9

 

 

brfi'.°.TfI*’v’“ 5"“: r‘" T‘Ti" r“ " FDA“???
4.L.!-..-.." ._.\: .341.) .-_.". ..".l-. -L...‘ .-: ..-!...'.L\) ..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*fl
H
C]
=4
Pb
U
H

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LVFT FIGWT

 

 

1. Pick up carrot unfl hold 1. Cut off pods :13

...

stats
and toss on tray 2

Repeat this Operation until all carrots are {one

With both hands
1. Pick an tray of carrots
T. Dunc them into sink of water
3. Take tray from pile on table and place on
drain board
4. Tush carrots and out then on the clean tray

 

 

FIGUEE 10

-36-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

O *3 5.2-“ ti?!

 

3183?: ll

 

 

D
1
H
F 3
H
IS
(“I
’1
"5
L)
1-3
C T.

 

 

 

 

  

The Cricor 10
rttacfiofl to tre
offe Wont 3
fi -.

\r

H3 #4

I?

O

S: O :...‘
(1' C‘“

3T~ rotor
Carrots

7'".
1" P3 (:2 ',
C) '

z..—l
'fJ
.

  

 

1?*m P

P1

C71?

 

1. Pick uc carrot and but in 1. Turn tho handle of tho
gricer gricer

The carrots fall on the tray
Reocot until all carrots are gricod

 

IIGURE 12

 

 

 

 

or? Two. f“';'“1‘fiFY‘-"" -".’.‘. rowfln “"'CTTT""T“
LJ .-I_L. .L .. .'—‘- ' ‘ ' .' ;.' '. . L .n. l.)

.1:- i.4..v.¢..§..l' ._..a U- " ...._.

 

Stitch

 

 

 

Tray 0
Carrots to JInifc
bu ‘licc‘

 

 

Homer

Sliced Carrots

 

 

J
I» ’ ‘ . ‘, ‘ I ‘ - ‘. , ‘
no; go 1n too or” or t.

O
c w
‘ '3 ’ ‘ \ 1": V"- " -‘ 7' ‘ ‘ n \ 1v ‘. ‘ u .5 J. ‘3‘
com malt all we pl CGU so tnlt too on“ 0‘ LAC
n
V

Kill .1 C o

 

 

 

(‘g‘T T757371 0'37?" from '5?;.C'7I“7T3
3-! -'.L'. L'...'..-.i-- ..'.; ‘_.'"..."...._ ...' .._-.. - I...“

 

E?01fi:
Table

l

 

 

v of
nod Carrots

3
.4
‘fi
0
H)
:11 i—a
£3 '1

In (‘5

 

%L__1

Exhale to Turn Colic ‘

Knife Elude ’“TTO
Hoooer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

o‘erctor
L O‘Ver

T TT-‘T‘fi1

"fi‘f'm-‘llT
:- - .;-‘
4.4-. u.— .L ...-L-'—---.’.
W m

1. Pick uw carrots and fill l. P k u? carrots and fill
110 f: -_ 5 er 1

2. Push lover

Carrots :re ’zcod cc
thct and“ o- coon Lit
the lnife.

 

 

 

FIGURE 14

-39-

 

7‘9.“

{:4

".L

01

 

IT

Forewt
are done.
:rirflr“

 

 

 

 

 

 

.’ ‘ZICIT’ C- “"CT' 3‘}? ’73-"?-

TVozfi:

Table
Iray bf
Lashed Carrots

Troy to Catch
0270132,; ‘ “'1': to:-
{L ‘1
Cutting Loard
I - s

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3" *Tf'1
ilczl

 

-. r - \ r-w A ‘ t: ‘ . . 'j' -
.lC- ;. ccrrnt on; hole 1. Llice llbh L so more
firely on board stroke of the knife
:2 -. ' ~ L... .. 4. v .- - 1 ~ by. “i 1- . .2 .r‘
L. PICK U9 nelt cirrot a. U513? Clove Oi “HLLG’
I”, 'a .---s‘- 1'. "' '-.r
slice slicee in» gluiLV

bovl

. L ' .1
L31} tall CHI.

1 the Carrota

‘ I

This metooo Coos not
L“. as thin slices :3 either
the o ther Llicin5 methods.

 

 

CLFEOT'

 

1' "1"«Ti rxfT
‘ :IW'JLI :

21:” I

‘7 ‘r"",‘f',r.'?

T1"

 

 

 

Allow. Time

 

 

 

 

Lo.5§86

 

 

3.9704

 

1.160.

 

1.5028

 

 

 

V. J I Kai. - 40.. w.)
'3 as ’1
5 .5 .~ g
OUAHTITY :3 d ‘3‘“ a Li
STUUIVI) ;. a “ 5a? 2? no 0 o g'g 0
‘ L .. .
52mmms Q “ 53$; 2. fi 38“ OSfi
u) 0 map 94 o v{2,L hJLMQ
c Q .Q 594 q r! ()CJO Q @<)
H fl 00% L H ngj-Hfm
H M p o o 0 r4 :4 o o :7-:
C) U ',;.‘ Cl.) -rl
G;- trJ H
QI :3 U3
131¥5 3.33 4.00 1.50 6196 3118 2.50
10.0) 3.33 3.50 1.08 3.50 1.80 8.00
10.03 3.53 3.30 1. 0 3.56 v.20 “.77
9.10 3.70 2.30 1.35 3.55 4.10 n985
8.37 3.48 4.00 1.30 5.63 $.15 ~.65
10.20 3.55 5.20 1.59 n.00 1.70 1.00
8.2 2.13 3.00 1.35 1.00 1.85 2.22
13.20 3.30 1,0013 10:75 L065 1090 2-05
8.19 3086 30:13 1.0,} 11.9; : 31‘7") 1.90
9.50 4.4; 1.35 1.43 1.9) 5.9
8.50 3.51 1.25 3.60 >.2O 2.90
3.40 1.50 4.5; 1.70 2.65
3.67 2.00 2.19
2.30
2.30
3.00
5.30
2.70
Total Time 111.2% 35.39 72.80 18.38 54.78 28.2 35.58
Jo. Observ. 12 10 2 14 12 A 15
Avg. Time 9.2 3.53 3.64 1.30 4.56 2.01 2.37
Min. Time 8.00 2.13 L.30 1.00 3.56 1.5 1.30
Max. Time 1'.2 3.86 5.90 1.5? 5.6? 2.70 2.90
Rating Cl—Cl—C—C
Level Fct. 1.L' 1.12 1.12 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.14
Std. Time [0.5679 3.9496 4.1396 1.48?0 5.198! 5.2915 2. 018
Allowance .0‘70'Q .020Q .020? .0009 .000? .00 8 .0013

 

[Fl-LB TJE 3

-41-

 

qr’ I . 'W‘ '- ' -\ »‘ F rs 9 - . ' ‘ "‘ wk 1
tgc carrot luto curvcc p10005 13.0t on1 lncn lOn” .nm a

cuurter of .n i2dch 1106.

 

_)OO'3
3.33 Total
3.09 30. Ob
I: Cry? 17 i “:1 {1’01”tfi ..1 ,) J
1 T135113 33.00 _ 11-111131 Time 3 .C’
0327;} 3. '70 72:31:11,121 Ti 4. ‘
“WATS 3.00 Rating C1-C1- C-C
DUCT}; 3.09 :JC’»Teli;?r'«" FIJICtOI‘ 1.13
a

r‘, r- l\ m at
3.1V 5-4 IIL'm?1C'.'—I.r\.l $1-11"

 

 

 

 

 

 

a an *- - ""1 '0
)oju “11019009 .Uwon
’l g, [-1 m .
5110 c. 11mc 21,0530
Mr,"',"'T'.‘
infinh A
fi7‘1‘1‘f" =1"! r11 ,. , _ -. :‘ o 1 . r) j" 4-}
gbhuIM --1uo c rrots were pcclcc 1n one-cal. 1.;491

and 51-9ound lots in a mechanical c0911r. 1mg vceling was
done in 53—pound lots be case a half a pouna is lost in

2celing and f1VBCL“dS $33 the amc cunt wanted a:
zero pCGLCc. One-half bushel is tnc “nit us 111y uses 1or

hf. L ‘\

1 v -- . 1. . r P‘ 1 'v :- 4 I °---'-‘ , ‘- - ."’V ,‘ '9 ». w-v
n15 orcratioa o>c.apc 1. 1g undue e11oyc Luv 103E po.cr

‘ . A J'- v- c. -v r3 A! -~ - A 1 (—5 --- ,~ “ . - -’ _-. 1. g
to peel less. Lcrro.3 ..36 101-0“ DuOLuu uccu1n1cul1y in us
' . ‘ . r: 1 ’ . ~A n q . — . ’3 f r
SJa11 qua- 1tlcs .L ~3ound lots, SluCG 1t “Bah1fdo 5.3/01

.1

. _ -. . 1 . _ ,__-
flve pounus. TLc tlmc required to peel 53 pouncs bf hand

varies, as 51021 in lfilgure 9, iron 8.8 minutes to 10.20 min-

IC-

‘-.- 1‘;

&- 1 1 - - " .-° . --. -‘ -’ . -“\ I‘M”. ...'-. 1-, , ‘ ' . fl.
thi, out tne LL33 .113 Cu in JofiLQU nLqusu. T112 in o.r1..

'.9Wutu,.rx1;e th;r~rvnfi1*n1c:].‘iCQljJW' 3W5 ruxfilzfidwo (HEMWW“

-00

,. .3 .., a '- - m - . ,. . -. .0
“nm motion. . c: flenllflj, the en a 0;

cf-
L;
\D
O
5...!
V
J
‘J
('1'
{2
L4
. !
.V
.)
(‘2'
3

be cut off, any bgfi SWnta out out, and th- C'rrct; T. AWE.
Luis is (one :5 demfi in 313330 17. Th: $1-0 allopel i;
4.¢604 minutég, bun it may vary from 3.33 313310; ufl i-
”1.1.7.1..u—S. ’3?er 1053": in cuttin'.‘ off t‘zo 911;”: is 101370 {3‘3 {‘21. "t
noes, T'31c 13, lviihj m? Jy four “Wunis Giibt euros: to

four rouWis tfielve ounces t0 firefzre for s l;fi.

CTO?*ITC--F :r CWOW_ 11W 0 rr ot;, ace ?ijU?e 11, fig”

- ,. ,. an . ~ ‘ .A . vr -.
tiwe vurles Ir.n l.uu Winuten to ..Co . th 93. Lo erer
n4 - - r. - .~‘ " ‘ ’ . - J— ' r. "
1.50“: ziru*ns bro .1la.eu 10? t_1p 0 o u1?n 1n fan 1. 3
11"- 4‘ H -.., '01 4 hr? fn ,- fia‘n'wf 'W PM". (”f <'-'. .—n...‘\ 7" '7W’\ 2‘..‘ ”\‘4
#:111 i; U L CL L‘d’vr I'l-l- J \W — v:‘ .-' l‘l ‘ -1)... 'v’ ;._:.L ~— -A- L4: ' I) “ ~— -. - «nob (-3—;‘4 0 ~ If-" ' I fill .
Sen L ”13 1?. Talc Niko: W tntzl (liefofl tin:W 0' ..”33? 113—

be confitrefi pith gricin; or slicing.

. ‘1', .' . '., .0 ... _. _. ." .‘ . - . “. ,.,
C7ICI.G-—F“c :1L0.e€ tlge L?P :ricih;, .w LJC-fl 11 “7:-

.“ :‘W. ... ‘. W .' .-2- ‘ J- :3 3’ {\f .,. ° - 7,. .. .' ‘ ., q
U10 1;, 1g 5.x;13 hlnuges or p.9ch 11nu 05 more tou sl-c13g
- o‘ v ’Q ~~ . q. - . - -. 0’. PE. 7" ,W" .. -_ _ '. ‘\ ‘t -". Q
on the W0 er (rirczW 2.0;.30 up- :.fl”fln «Lguies .03? tw_n

O _ r" _ o 1 . _. I“ ‘\ . "-t _‘ . ‘ - a me. C v~ r. ' ‘_ '7 ha
511013“ on tad 0.3“ o or.tém 2 c 130. lie tide -110 3” .cr

’3
'"3
H.
O
H.
:3
{7:}
-1.
."3
3
'3
f‘f’
1"“
(«—4
[—1.
I»--’
s.)
(I
(.4
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K)
r.-
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r-:
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3.4
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93
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R)
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1'
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n)

. ’ ‘u_ - ’7‘ »" .:‘ q. ~‘ 1 \1" . ‘1 _.u ‘ "\| \\ . '2 . Cw 'f
ever, glveg m very .i:;e.eLt $04413- “r2: vet tq_. L1;01;

‘ . t' .3 .9 .. _.. , m1 . ... ‘ . -‘ .f‘
d. r! (W -. «1. Wn-n .- I an r'r‘W-ar} .. ‘75..”«n1a W _ ‘\ r.“ .A 1
‘o-nki i}... ‘:T. ' C; .1 O'--- J. ‘-‘L QJ‘J...’-I I]. ‘Jtat p‘ O J- ‘ O :1. :0 r0” €1T"--\-‘- A \J].

,

slicifir on the Water driVWn fire in? :9 ervw i“ Ilifire 13

.. 1.3..

VLLrieS fI‘OILI 10:0

.Pim

1.10 minutes.

of carrots.

 

minutes to 2.70 minutes or over a rouge of
tiffWrencc is due to the variable sizes
‘3 slice more easily than small ones.

r)? 'ra'fl /
'. Aiiiia‘v O
The Gricer
Slici? -5 on toe hand operated machine as shown in Figure 14
Varies from 1.89 minutes to 2.9 minutes, or ver a range
of 1.10 minutes. This is al;o due to the varying size of
the carrots. The use of the ha.o slicer requires 3.7326

minutes or .4104 minutes

quired when the honor

A

ro---n

bl;.U"‘":J3t: l

~~11 '1'.‘

{Ti
u; k4 U

thinner piece then then

Fi:ure 15. Then sliced

eicht our oec are sliced

k"

four pounds eight ounces

more than the ” .3133 minutes re-
riven mz; chine is used.

the machine methods giVe a much

the carrots ere sliced by hand. See
by hand from t:' o pounce to two pounCs
in tto minutes, Table 11, whereas

to four pounds twelve ounces, Table

-44.

.4-..)

11, are slice; in only 3.3133 ”iuu'ee on tAO e3.er erireu
2‘1-1‘.C:‘1.2'1€9 321:1 5.21 .73.? -’. :1'11utos on the hen" one rotecl slicer.
Remover, it 10 uirco l.j6 zifiutez to ;osenble :ni dis seerbi
he. 1:3”6}? slicer $3.19 ztzin‘fl'ezs to ..:.;3 0.1110 .43. C.i::-..;;;3et.ble
the ‘"n~ Operated inchiie. See Table 13. Tnis time M st to

03’}

.-...¢

two minutes and

\tc“-A—l.

lane 03eretei muchin
’9‘" .1“ " n . +"y,'\~~ “H
1.1.” L‘LJO 0-!- \41 Ui$v A..i~

n'n'l WW

tilt: for tuese 11:1.01111'15253, -1 tze
:3 four pounce eight ounces to four
on the oozer machine 4.2733 minutefi and
u chine 4.3176 rinuies. Therefore,
t“ 2 two wounds can 3e out by hind in
slifhtly more than four cornea in L.273 3

'r!- ,H LL“, . -, ..'
L2..._c3: .ine and in l... —. Lu. minutes on t..e
. w o .‘- ..‘ O .’_ ‘ .-. fl "3, ...
e, txere is soarcely .nv time Levee o;

‘WI~\W\
Vlwv-L't

'4

f." " '-‘
”6-be

ll e 0 ti tzr g;

. q r . ., ‘ ..' ..o .‘ J. ,. ., v "l. ,. . . T ‘ ’7 fl fl‘. 1‘
1371'- ’7.11L31f)t10$.s ~. LJlL- E. I’LL ‘ t]. .r C ..':..1=.V€3(.1. 0121;," 11 Li G Tilt-..'
' r t\ ‘. |'\ 1"- f‘ C I‘ ~- I 5 . ~‘ . ‘ q .. .3 '$
cnine LC‘C ul’Couj ocucm-lW' lor uguptnor purgoso or ii more

9

170 t. fit-LS OJ.

'1 (‘ *fi
1 59%;;

t four

rroto were to b liced.

Celery is one of the more common saled vegetyoles gnu

s preiared in a variety 0“ eeys. Since this reeort eels
lerfiely ti'h the time rceuired to ereocre vegetebl 3 that
may be teed in a t'esed Vegetable fiulid only the tize re-
quired to clean celery anfi Cice it W48 stuoied. to shall
refer to a st::le of celery as thet one fi“CO thiéh is strifi-

3d from the bunc h:1 e tuLch of celery is ce"erol CtClIS as
they are: together. i oarcle of celery is sever 1, men 11v

t”elve, bunches tied togetner. The unit Sttfil 3 res ten to

 

{Nm ”—1!“ ‘7 '1’?“ (‘D- A ..' T" ‘Y" 7"? "ITfi'!’
L).LRI:.' 7 I..‘.G 11:..1J \J'JEJLJ..I¢.LP 1.4.21.1); g-J.

 

Drain
Board 1
Celery at
Start

 

Sink l
of Tater

 

 

Tr'. r Celery Hearts
Sink 2 ator

 

 

 

 

 

 

FIGURE 16

 

(3m1f,Tf-n~wf??’1 5., ?‘:”\ "' *3 {1117*} 11":T “.917
‘J;.L'.L. .'.)-L.-.b ..‘.'-'..L-:-. (‘| J-‘. . (1‘ (alu‘J:

‘1- ..u-b"-\l “..‘."

 

Drain
Beard i

e

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

Drain

TN 1 n 1 n U \ P: ‘-
1:Oc.11" (:1 K..- ‘J .1 1
4 f‘

 

  

Celery

 

 

 

 

 

    

Celery
T)

“It“ '1

to
1

      

 

FIGURE 17

-46-

 

 

 

 

‘3
RI.

3.

1‘3

1.

c." ' ~~ I ~.
‘utrl‘j [.- ..‘-

run-.m-rfifi
LLLJH .5. -

“C.

..1 ..'

. "a“.
.)

k- 5..-

Oeerster CTPI‘?I7C

Put heurt on tray 2.
Hold stalk 3.

HO 1 C.

13

Ho

hen ell t11

k 07.17111

Pick us
10172.0.

The

sta

3nd

,__ 1-
33TH

Oeeretor

1 7!-

4.1.3.

turn

0 c.19rv is in 5
th both ha; 3 LnC ea

64-“ ’

up- :3 f celerg ..
t LL tiffl:

. —~ ‘ - . - 4L ‘a.
"Le erode into the

CT"3"T‘G C“L:EY

-n I--- l

at 'g‘OSt 1

~ fl
v.11 --

iltx l“..e in rang, ‘10;
we and held bunch of
‘1 . a.
CCLQfiy
C1” . '5 (1 .s ‘-. 4 ' L' ."'
-rtueier LC rt b3 leLt
‘ 3.. .» A V .'\ r: ‘ fl r. ~-\ .
Cut 0:1 chv:: .2. .3, .5-
1 4- ‘- —\ A‘- 1. .- ‘- o'-
let tiee are; in e ous-et
‘ (too 7.“ ' r' _)
Oi L, ..‘0\..;J.(a
~ .0 , . '1 w _.’\
P3 C-i lOI‘ llUut 1111110.; 01

this oeerttien until all ?.1e celery is te11e‘
the sink.

at both posts

”“15 ble brud

$.—\'

V050 u...

in: L genre it up are
.I... 3" . ’ - . ,3.‘ f:
. en criin Loire N.
n
at rest a
pp 1- -- J- .. 7
Cut 0-1 erovn s ops as;
- -\-'\‘ 9 a, —.’-‘_“ ~
scrubs i1 neeeceerj

 

FI

- --J

I"
- (I. -
'n‘

“1.34.1

 

 

 

‘5
5.; .

r \-1"I?)'§‘_JT"‘

I..--5. L

0

PPPT

 

Renoat until a

.-

7. vv AL .~-u’vl
anox iuuo 51“-
::tor

fghr‘

u u

GLthOT u:

.s-A‘ 3".‘5
A3, .

u: stalks

-‘ O

I. 13.1

‘5'-
.5- vi.

tor

“O“fltOT LT

, 4‘
10.

‘1
1.303113;

I1 ~ ‘I - Q"-
.

, .
—..-b...'\fl 5..'s.t-

celery

. 3. Y‘IPW‘J '71n ntfifi-fi
. uOI‘ C1.Il..:.l...\.i ‘u-"l'

-‘ W»... -.
an- L3 VOL

rs“ .
"I. U0}... : I.“

l

-qu'q%vT-I T{‘

..’). uh...- 0..-

CI, }

<§

0°.

l'i

PIZ-‘T‘ IETC

970.: ‘ 7T“. ‘
x * t f

,.‘ .1... ., -.

\J.J .\.. \.I-- .134

£5. 1:

UOCt 1

In nth-'3‘ T‘T‘V

.--c

 

7" ' 7.. --
.1sz U .‘
til" L;J..|.:l

tI‘i :11}.

f'

30 0121.: 05:? tf‘)
inane

31

31:0} “7‘11" f
\_--— .. "-”'_J
tr: 3.? $3

I." - .- ‘

5'5. .L‘I‘LACJ}...

'3 '

I}. Lhit

‘-‘\I -"‘ n

q." "U -"

1 Cfir qr: ~I

..0 My ' ‘J t 4.1 -
SAC) S

13131,} Clfl

: from root,

a (‘t‘ 7.
..' 5.. ‘..-|-

030
(7r tO 1 ”N;

mlery
‘6 113111151

.,
[fie

tll't is t3

rom 1231: t 121.1103 1
about 4 or 5

letting

on trzy l

iszituli, nick
and tr

7 (-u.
3‘- ._)

v. n

7.x ,1
U}. L.

 

2. Put on dra'n board aSLin 2. "a1
but to one : fie
FIG“?E 17a

.11.; 53‘

 

 

 

CTh'WT"fl

I
--,\.~ ‘-

(‘2

1r .‘f".1‘.1"-"."

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

rater

 

7—7-1 m ?
2;:4 FIC‘T

 

 

l. Tait 1. Turn machine on and $111

2. Fill chafiji?” borl 2. Fill ckcwf*?j bowl

cf) ..‘-1.»

--—~ I I ~ _ _ 1 ‘ . . w' ‘5 -— -- z -‘ . ~-
‘m‘fl' 0'10“.”- "T" ‘0' l “9 ‘ 0*» '- = o
‘ ‘5‘. ' 4 LI 0 -- o . cLA-(-) ‘4 I. . ..‘L.o J &A\ ll ' ' o‘

.v f *&-,._) L.

DJ
0

F070;t unti“ all celery 1; Chop mi

‘1

 

 

 

 

C- r:7r71T“r7 n71-
.-Ifi--L‘ ‘- k

* WT
ML;
M
7‘1 '3” - I 1- ri‘fi,n’p'11 .- 1‘"
‘ 0;}.11 ? d. ill-guy“; u». G;

St‘va- -~‘ L ”S
a
Trf\ I'V'
_{ 3."! LA.

?ut inlhyvmq'cf m:
vita all 710033 "'73.“c
sage ?L}

‘7 .. -. --" ‘«
CLOiJe t0? OJ. 11:314.:“31

, ‘, "V ..
pusn lever

Fe ea: t 1117. til

l‘

Cline

fnh'vr 0')? 7T" "77-.
.’ I» .

L..- ‘1’—

TT'CV’T‘P?TT'J
a . I
u‘ .44. ..‘..L; ...

 

Vork
Table

 

 

Tray of

 

 

 

 

 

 

HOAUer---
Tever

 

frame? 19h

let

"I n 9 . t. J :1 '- ‘ .. ‘
- (v r .'I f v‘ ‘ (
J. ..u Lt: J -.’.L L '1- 1124.

tale

T‘fl
.‘ x.’

ht“: 1’1 l G thr: t
cutting knife

7-4;‘511:
lel on tray

Clean Celery

for

 

 

 

CWTTlfifl C73??? 0? 30??? ViCWIUfi

 

 

 

ray 0
Cl 0am;

.eiery

o-- ..‘ O
. ' :e 1'” .'
.’ I \~
5

 

ix
..u H)

 

 

 

 

T 1- «1m

.J-o

 

..‘)

P777?

1 hands fill “97

.3 filaccm so
‘ ‘,, .0 .D

1 {19 mule

 

lush celery in 73¢-13 knife
71th a voode mullet.

 

 

 

 

w .. L.’ .‘7 .—
§-' 1’
Z ‘1.
‘a Oi ~3-
m: a.
A. -. ; LL {'3

 

 

 

Tray to Catch
3 Later
er

nysn-rs., ‘
".1 4&7; ....

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3'; of 001307"? 1. 7"-

1. Pick u¢ stalk* Ldifc in htn , 9 lit
9nd lay figrull3L on cut- atnlk; 10$"thtise
tin: board

2. Bald firmly together ? Cut 0777:”

l

C.) , '-'
t celery into mixi“

3. Bo aftin to pick up next 3. Uflih" knife blaée r ide
sta :llzs c g

 

Renegt until all the CG lcry is done

 

FIGURT Ll

r.

 

 

 

 

o

”a *: mm A. é a 35 m =3
Cm .T I13? H {1014 :‘5 1:3 z" T... q 5:;
" ,, H :1 SI: 0) fl L3. 0 $11 .4 .4
10" :37 £3" :7 3-1“; 0 '8 :3
10 to 11 " .4 d” :79.J s
1"? CI "3 5 g 9 z:- u
U o 6‘ E+> uEig w
o o .2 vii; +>e.0 Q
n+4 Sid 0 9:4 5 b m
4.: .p H 4-) Q) 0 7-! L13

0 0 St: a

E a DC) m

 

 

11. ’0 19.35 l.&5 5.13 2.60 9.00

15. 06 10.0 1.62 5.70 7 ”/ 10.00
15.30170£?5 1.61 5.00 (1.”0 9.30
391%9 15199 1.60 .00 3 00 11.00

17.! 17.00 1.53 8.07 1.90 55‘
18.75 17. 5 1.50 5.80 19!; 10.0
13.00 17.00 1.15 9.00 3.25 10.00
15.09 18.90 2.40 7.26 2.00 #105
16.30 20.25 1.10 2726 3259 9.89
18.11 20.13% 2a.,30 o 5 104- 9. 20
13v62= 19:53 2.60 9.07 3.99 13.2

 

 

Hurtflcflyz LlonI-«n y

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.6037 13.01;. 1.095 6.5 1.85 1.57.30

14.00 17,085 1092 9.00 :0]. ll}..\)\:,

15.66 8.3 13. 40
Total Time 103.50 239.06 28.23 85.1% 22.06 $39.06
No. Observ. 12 13 13 13 ll 13
Avg. Time 16.53 18.38 1.75 7.09 2.00 10.07
Min. Time 14.40 17.00 1.10 5.00 l./5 9.00
Max. Time 18.75 20.28 2 ’0 9.0? 2.60 14.30
Rating Cl-Cl-C-C
LeVel. Fat. 1.1A 1.14 1.14 1.1l 1.14 1.14
Std. Time 19.8A43 $0. 9533 1.0950 8.0036 3. 710‘ 12.505?
Allowance 9.0208 .030? .0208 .0308 .0208 .0308
Allow. Time $650 20.9740 2.0150 8.1030 “.3008 ’.’7((

TLELE 5

 

STRIPPING AYE CLEATIHG CELERY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q” P TI“? TITS In fITUTES
Etrihping Tashlna
and Cutting .arb‘ce rnd
of; To,s, 11335331 Scrubbing Scraping
Putting
in Sin:
3 rd 6 T5 6 w w vu
x: ESP! .8 .8P4 .g §3h1 .8 .8P4
pH PH uH pH PH 4%4 pH 9H
‘1) 0 (D G {'9 L‘.) C.‘ 0
..g :1 13-: kt: ra- "1 5;!
”$100 ..'..80 -—--- .,3 3.0- 3.60 1.1.0 5:0‘
“.95 8.00 ——~- ..0‘ 5.7; 3.‘O 1.00 (.07
7.17 7.00 ---— 3.3? 3.C3 3.30 5.7f “.00
7.24 3.50 ---- 1.3; 3.95 3.30 6.32 .36
7.70 3.90 ---- .13 4.83 43.33 3.95 {.7
7.30 gcoq "-"“ l.«3(; 30:) 1,05“) r1._?r) roOO
7.80 7.”O -—~— .?0 3.50 3.“) ’.R“ ”.34
7.90 8.00 --—~ 1.33 3.3? 1.33 4.xn 3.00
7. m 8.1:} ""-Q- 110’) 3.63 3.01 #1092, 1,06,}
8.60 7.1/ -—-— .5. 3.4” 3.37 5.7“ 3.30
7.70 (..‘-00 .——-—T .35 4-00 30?; flof’e 8.6
9.92 8.3? ~--- .;0 2.5? “.L0 3.}? 6.00
8.80 3.50 —--a 1.00 3.5; 3.10 6.1! 5.00
7.5c 9.80 _-.. .60 2.10 1.90 5.4: 2.9j
Total Time 111.41115.5j -—--~ 11.01 5r.?4 [5.94 63.01 75.75
Ho. Observ. 14 14 -- ll 14 14 17 11
Avg. Time 7996 F02 -"-"‘ 1.00 3.63 30“"? 11.085 5065
Min. Time 7.00 7.00 ---- .50 2.59 1.33 1.06 3.00
Max. Time 9.90 9.80 --—q 0.00 4.80 1.50 1.32 3.65

 

 

 

 

 

TflBLE 6
eleven bunches. Out of this the heart was snvcd fer other
use ané the leaves were not utilized; so that after tLe
celery was washed and cleaned only five pounds twelve ounces
to six pounds twelve ounces remained to be cut and :scd in

the salad.

-54.

"CrCHENUC big! "1. .

(Tm-1 ",1. “1" «‘1 1-7-2, ’fT“ H m , ~. . ' ------ , - "'7
LIILI“ j: L7 _3._ D Ct, _ ~,.\,1--' “'1' '71? C531 E7777? '1 7.21-: 3,6373. 0‘. "311.1.
"2 ' a 5." V” 1a .Y‘ 1“ T? ' 1 7 ~ . 7': '. - I
3530c a; tie motIOLs. Inch .ct1c 6 I, as "10.3 in Fl ure In,
. .2 -1 . 1 , ..t: 2. I“ d C " ~ 4 , "‘ 91 ‘ I
is 6266, L66 llo Gm tlfic is 1-.»tyfi niLutes. "or metgc6 II,

a11~~p

.-L. L'.

"e n r1
01‘ EM . -5—7._,’ 0

ninutes lonzer. Tnis V061; 3363 t) inni01te that 30thod I

's the were efficififi, In? VO?ITO fi.31_cz in ” mlle 6 bcwr
thig out to some extent hv ”Nevin" th¢t the time 003231 :1

in dis 3k min3 of the tcfis, leaves etc., Icfcrrc6 to :3 gar-
bage, is elifiin ted when Iatho6 I is used. The ”169 required
to strin it, cut off the toys, CH6 put the celery in the

sink is 8.2 minutes in Iethod II and 7.96 minute3, or .29
miuute- less in Ictho6 I. It takes 3.8 to rush an? scrub

'30 celery in Tethod I an? .46 minutes can, or 3.3’ WLHUtQS
in , 06 II. T119 e:~1;t112 ’1 time is s ‘ved in 31’111i113
since it requirg" 5.6” mi? utes to cry 0 usinc Icthod II

a33c onlv 4.95 mifintcs, or .66 minute" less, using ic‘hod I,
.0 tfiat CA the average Yethod I t6; 3 1.;4 minutcg less
This, Wh.n lcsv 106, is 6.1966 flinutes. Cc: Tbble 5.

070791" ~Ccle3y is not uquglly cho ‘36 66“ unc in
Salads, b‘t this nothod of “:e‘ “:tic: #33 stu"i96 for nur—
noscs 0? can trigon. It 316 chm-yo“ as uhcvn.in Figure 1?,
the all rec tifle hoiwo 6.365? minute? 7165 1.53 minutes to
assemble anfi Ci -npenble the 01011“? or a tohzrl of 3.3/5?

ifiute“ See Table 10.

I: 6633 CUTIE EG-—Li:e carrots, cclcry '3 cut on the so or

driven macllinc, :igure 20, on the hand Operatcd C“iLc, Fig-

. 1 1 .. f: .-,.. .., 2‘1 tr. ,1
3.116 my hung, Flume .1. Hum.

ure 19,

-55-

cut celery is

110.6»..- y

1‘ -

satisfactory in 333 arence, out the time 6110?e6

by han6 is lT.5;Ge minute . T313 is 13.9358

minutes longer than thexi the peter machine is 6326 and
4710'?) n.1,.” ..., .... . an. - 1;
4.o;33 i; nutes le1 er thn ghen cut on de hrn6 0-61 tee

machine. The power driven machine recuiree 3.363

Operated machine 5.

‘- I‘ L A ' 5-} ‘ -. . » r2 r- -.'—. -'-".-.1 n a;-
8.1033 ml“UUOuo b rwcuires 3,19 minutee to 63L3 tie end
we - fl _ V *3 - j - 4- . r ‘
1133;5ewale tee henw 03erLteL seculee 636 1.66 minute; ior

time me, me that the time to be 6110236 to cut f1”e neuna
ta elve ounces to six ponies twelve ounces of celery is really
1 .2? 4 minutes on the hand epereted machine 636 4.206w min-
utes on the power driven machine. teen celery is cut by
6636, one peund to t"o pounce four ounces can he cut in two
minutes, as shorn inT able 3. ibis vould seen to inLic te

-ither mrc ine unless more

{7.)

that it 5%331 not pay to assemble
b.3n t? o “oun'" of celer; are to be cut.

“1‘13" r2
5 0 CELL“ L (39

‘.

CLEATT .3 LED UTTIIG I: ‘TFTITT’~-030 bushel or forty-
five to fifty-one peunis of cabbage, Table 12, was cle;ne6,

choefied, an6eh10ccet. It U:;s cleaned anc cut in sectiene

~' '9 ‘I ,-.' ~V.fi-" ! . . «‘1 --- - In- {no .—. —
by t aetnows. then 3- I, as eaonn in.cigares ”3 inc

223, s 6306 only 8.9356 mint
for Hetbe6 II, Figure" 2~ eru 236, 10.7231 minutes, or 1.7335
minztes lon er, are needefi. The time Varies in I3tho6 I

from_5.55 minutes to 9.32 minutes or over a 3310 of 3.67

thrutes. For Iethod II the time varies from 8.31 minutes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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CLF’" "G if? CUTTIYG C T3.CE I? ”BOT DIS
*1 n‘, - \~:~.. "-
J- — J.’ ..-
Drain
Roz-rt?
S :11: {we
Sink
'—I
Drain
BC6r6 Teri
FIGURE F2
CLELM I“G 13D UZTII C CKTE3GS IT REST 3&6

 

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f-.-. V‘ \, (\"g .“ ‘n

.L .. o . Head in each hand. Put the one
Iron Lgo ri“1t hand on the table and the one
in the left mend on the cutting board.

.' F-j

S eody head of cehboce 1. Cut off bottom
on board

Steady head of cabbace 3. Tan" off outside leaves
on board

-‘

Ctni‘. r31? TINA“ r?
3...: ‘4 a... «.6 J 4.; s. v.

on board

i)
H)
3
3
1
D
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O
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..’.
5
'1‘
m
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Hold half head on board 4. Quarter, leaving cho
section army fro: lc‘

. - ".'
3';:..'..:. Cl.

Put section in pan 5. P
C‘

I In (x Q r v >~ -\ I‘- . \ 1 r
Hole querter o; oo rd 6. Cut core frog smelter

Put section in “an 7. Pick up second half of
head

confl hvlf of heel 3. Cucrter second half, leav-
rd ing core in section away
idvnq left qu1

\)\

C

Put section in van 9. Pick uw section with core
still in it

.1
3

sectioL 1 rent 11. Pick um second hlac
from the table

Hula qu tor on board 13. Cut core from querte
t

' ‘o‘ a rL -- '1. -: ‘1
Reycmt tulS Ogfiretion on too eecono h-uc

Put knife dorm on table
Use both homes to g- -m
and cores and out in garbage. R
the entire bushel i “

 

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1. hike 1.10 ..' r91 L’L".S--€.’
1 1,1‘ , .3
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clnkl 210 x... 0.3.- LJ‘ou. ~...

2. Still
on cut

30L (3" UCL1{ L},- ilkrllf

4. Put section in can

5 o EIOlC-l

section

on boar

6. Put oe

4‘!)
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$53?“ T“
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Off bottom and tear

of; outsife Jeeves slid-
ing refmx e iiito garbage

coz.tzin?r

Cut cut; ‘o lies.d in half

‘uurtcr, leavinr core in
QGC 13.1..sz (i. Z" 1.2:.L3 $1 1 C (it

1 q :1

cugrter

‘Iait, r‘“l.l;-.izzife
gUGTtCT, leaving core in
section scay from left
hrfli I} d

knife

lhit, holéiv:

c- r .- ~
11’5’31. 3-0uT’tJ‘l

 

 

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UOnl “no izn 0:ydul:fi it. ide mlc inc
ie turns? on ane the bo'l rotates
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Mitini oasLy agile it 8 161:1 lillcd

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CT‘IEZT.«LTION TIE? 13* TI?!" $73.3
Je.li“’ Dd H
5:: - £1 H
CT. F111?! C‘t] ti LC; 0 .511 o ,5
TL]; 1— i;1{lOCtiO..S (A?! 7;: f £72 to ”1 51
e e an :3 a if e 5:”. a
A O O Q? ‘14 4-, Q) 4-)
rrfi «EH rd 5* '35 E1 5'5
4-, H 43H U .5: 5—1 .04 3—:
(D {D ‘13 '1) L3 9
:5 a; c p.
C C
$.31]. 9.35 9. Dr; 11.90 13.35
lév5§ S.§fl l07+§ 13.00 égvg;
8.25 $21 ' 9.40 13.10 15.00
803'? 9.90 9.30 12.“er 15 .0'3
9.05 11.95 9.50 13.” 13.70
8.00 3.50 5.2 10.5 13.30
5.55 9.20 5.38 8.53 13.90
8.00 1.0033 5.68 3.3 12.2
8.60 8. 60127 $3.83 19.79

 

Avg.
lax.

3110

total Time
Ho. Observ.

Kin. Tine
Ra t11.b

Time 7.82 9-30

5.55 8.31

Time 9.33 11.95
Cl-Cl—C-C

Std. Time $.9148 33.7353

5110? .enc .3209 .CLQS

.. Time 8.9356 10.?T67

 

7.03
5.00

77.35
11

an 7 I

- L4;

1.14

S.ClL£

‘2", ("A
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8.0350

13.13’3

141.99
11

12.90
10 .635
15.00

1.14
film. r330
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14.7263

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

to 11.;5 minutes, or over a r:nc e oi 3.64 minutes. Figures
28 and £3 woule seem to ildicete that Method II is the more

efficient, but the data in Table 7 eisoroves this. fiethoc

Three of the figures in coluen 2 of Towle 7 0; ve tao digits,

greater than 9.32 min-

:3.
1...:
(0
Cr
..4
'3
D
p
'1
:3
D
‘3
1*
b
9-4
0
H
J
0
O
r4
FL;
L.
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.._.A

utes. This Giffe ence is erobebly cue to the fact that in

-.

fiethod I tvo heads are t ken from tile basket at one time
t

is a te: donor to sliee refuse into the pooh ge container
two 0? th.ee t'mes while each head is being cleaned instead

of only once every tin; two heads are cleafied. Thus, Eethod
i

if)
\

~ .A
('1'

I probably uses 10 .
C"fl“7IC~~-C ‘*eo was cheefied for blain Cubbufie eels d

J

so that this method of firei€.Ietion might be cor?"rte rith

». C‘ - . m... n! l- 99‘.‘_ D -‘AA.-3 #1... L1 .WA
S11r0151fl5. .43 Fibere 44. b hes.uiehit4 t tie time for
3' 1 m . 2- n 1~-‘ ‘1‘”) I ’3' «‘1' I‘ ~,'- *rfi _ . P“ . “I. v . e -= ‘-
ceopg n3 one euteel o; CQJQCgQ VuIlC? fIOm 5.CO minutes to
..’“ , 'L~- ,.vv - .- .-iA- ‘9'?» H A“) Q... u. q a
9.12:: inut 3.9“, we on 3.233.543 time the I .o; minutes om. tue

‘ ' O H.
minutes teen the 1.53 minutes reewited to esremtle emf c15-

" ' v v ~ r~ r~ .‘ . ‘1 1 ‘ - “- 9 "
aFMOWole tbo choyper are Queen. Gee Teele 13. Twig is

' «r- ,r. 1 ..w P- ..' -'*r I‘ ‘2 r‘?‘ r“ .111
still much lee s to.n toe tame y1x0.0( 10? enveteing C.flug50.

CT W'j’wrlnp xxx? 1... "Ti-:3?“ ..Thn {,ng‘efii“ 'L‘frlf 1777:7193 (10714.7: CI"). 13319.
power Criven machine, Figure 96, ,he hand ooor nxtod W'cufln
Figure 2‘ CBC by hand. The time alloved for the power d?iven

'\

maCu

‘— -J

o in 13.1340 minutes, or 9.i?29 H1blutc:s 103; tlrn t e

d

H-
p:

14.73é3 minutes 110*e en the hunC Oberoted m c} ir e is

($3

used. The time for the power driven machine varipn from

;.53 : inutes to 12.54 minutes, or over a range of A.Gl m’n-

\

's a q” o _-‘o_ ’ -. ~. - .—.--. _ .’
utes, $21Cg 18 .3; mlflutfis labs thmn the rm” 0 from 17.55

J

minutes to 15.30 mL butcz of the time required for th hznd

.‘ 1 ° - I"! ' 0 “ .3- - 1. 1. .."1 .2 -.'.i
a _3-r1v‘~ fi 5 n .1 fl 1w ’ -\ "r 3 1" ‘ ,. 1 _ -\
o L11t1. n Luise. LLlu 10 1 _ 9 t4: Cdfluu-mt MTLJO 0* H
“VT » ‘ .1 CH1“ «- n ‘1“ w ~~nr1 $1.1 t'~ TT' 517' .r‘ (”~11 ’3 f‘ :- thn 7"“ 2‘0“
a»- or 1-..- ‘ no- -.‘; C‘- —-- I K‘ ~L‘v ‘ —~.L ..n .4"- "L.:. V' ‘ v .A- ..‘;
" -5
I}. .nLLo
I "95"»? r: “*n '7“qu r? _. ~73.- I71" .- , _ 1 -.. 0 ,-"1. 4,. f‘ , ‘1 .‘. .1“ .9
~----:. :. -l'.1.1‘..' -_-‘_'.. ;L:::.~.5 "'14 10 1.. JOLI-1ia'3 LC‘l;’.lu OI. 1.31.3.3- ALL CJ.
‘ 'L. '1 _ . _. IN . _ fl - '3 -: I— O - _ j 1 1‘ ' p .1_-}
,1. . ..n 9 - In” ' ‘ Arll‘. .u‘ ... .‘"n. C, , . f. a» fl. .‘ , 1"
CLJ. 34‘ l). t e 99—i- t -31. i L 1 LS C—L '3 Lilijs's ;.-.Ll\ L: (I’D plat". 3"... 1.3; .'= :3; L «)r 2,»: l?‘?:\.\—

3 . , " ". .‘1 ‘ ..' ‘I m..‘1‘ , lf" [‘1‘ -‘ J“ J" ' 1" I’m 0' I.

Llng 1 s t-lirtfr -1‘1."‘Ln:‘ IE.::! \_1_I'1L__ ;) , _L a. L)l .3 I‘v/ . Jail vk L] is L) '13 L‘. ‘f . Phage

.. .., h .1 1 ~ - ~.. 1,1 ..° ,. ..‘ '1 ., 1.. ,3 -
{1.5191111t o1. 0..-?)011'9 have 1.1 L113 1,1110 11110191.; 11 13 0110 1111,3331.

('1‘. °. . '. .1 . .. . . .'° . 1,1. .71 .3 ..1 ”..‘
1&0 tlmc rgqalgeu to £3-911ble an. SISUSLOXQlQ Lug po1or _L—

3"“OULJJ the bane Ofiorztea n China is 2.19 minuf 0”, Table 10.
The33 icure must he 36591 to the allo“eL time for shred-
ding, increacinfi it to 13.091? minutes for the tater iriv c1
machiné an& to 16.9169 minutes for tne h-na o grated m chine.

- «'1 fl ‘ . fl ‘,".-.- - ‘ -' -‘ ‘ ".“ 'I
11’CCJZLL; 1W h_:~_}‘zc._, ~~.-J_~'::{, noun 53 U0 07.111035 C1.--.-: 1.10 Daron-

..’

tgirt

E.

w .1 - - ° ( mp} 1 n1. . '- .
gem 1n ton mlnubes. pee 4-310 Ll. _uer01039,

U. 130‘C'C‘ l .UJ'QL‘. " thgg :VLV‘OI‘

C
:3

"we: " I“ 1‘. '1 rwnr-T ‘1‘?” '.-.1 1- m ‘1'15/‘f -" t" 1 ‘q ‘xr‘ .~ ‘I I r-‘wn ‘1’: H‘ d
(4.}. LVCII T1: C~L_.] J.) a-..“ 0.11;..7 mlk .‘lL. 310 24.19; 1.; MO '3 ..3:.~.C‘;..v C :11 DC on; LEM-.0
..‘”- A“

. 7‘ 10 1 n- l‘. ‘- v 1-.- ‘ " .'. ‘.“. .. ..‘."
DJ hgnd in bCfl 1 33903, or 3143 3.J:@9 1lnutcs 19:“, it said
Q ‘~ 1'» r.” v N 1‘ -., m-»- ‘ ~,~~, ‘ .- -:.
seem to 5m; to JHSCIEIC tge in or 0.741.2n M 0113; LO? ten

‘4‘! ' ‘1 I" r. "~" f:’ ‘i’! "1 ”n -~ 1'51 t“\ q 1jfififi/‘_ 'Afifiqt‘ t 1" wq. 1.4 «fin 4"
JC’JHCL.’ 0%. C -:..~3_. «:30 0.1. :.:O.L G v.11“ .L'... _--;L.LJ.L-‘. 0;”...4. '.... 0‘.— ;-L1.-C-_'._:..-.-_, ..L or
twelve pounus or more.
A' ‘.
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‘1“ 1.11..- ,-.-~.~-v va-wr "a." "'1'“. "fiftm ‘ Mt. , 1.." ‘ .
I _ ' _"_‘_ T1,\~jJI -> 1' A -—-' '10 (‘61 '10

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"g..I£EY Cuttinr off i; rng fig; é'§.*
IS $30.3 Dad Spots g ¢)pr4_ b” fjgjk. :§
17:: EACH, on 1 BUShel r“ 09“,? :05 3 ii «a r: w
mmmm ’4 £83 Hmfi “33 E
'U 'U to 49 om +> or.) m .p .H
g g C. u-H “ +3 on. 5: L3 0 o
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24.15 15.4 8¥v2 19.36 2’).O 3.45 7.55
04.00 7.35 26.631 18.40 31.0 3.62 9.30
#79009 {32.16 38015 17.80 27.90 4.52 8-3
26.63 18.2~ 34.40 19.70 29.10 4.36 2.9
24.73 37.73 9.é9 32.17 4.70 8.3
¢§.96 39.15 12.60 25.4 3.60 9.2
23.42 30.89 17.13 28.80 2.70 7.20
23.10 11.20 14.50 20.42 ..0g 6.7%
n .30 31..l 3.4 8.0
38.00 .53 2.3;
32.50
35.50
31.70
Total Time 230.3% 349.’fi 139.09
No. Observ. 9 10 9
Avg. Time 25.59 3!. 96 17.24
Kin. Time 23.42 30.R12.60
Max. Time 29.09 9.i5 19.60
Rating Cl-ClaC—C
Std. Time ‘ c.17f3é 39.85!!19.$53£—1
Allowance .0208 .0 305 .0208
Allows. T101029.1934 39.075519. (7/! ,-
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t0m0tocs are not numeroLls enun,0 to be signiiic ulzt, mu they

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tug bgu SgOtS to QBbBIAlHe 0 L139 L0 09 111.000, 00 tac

f. 11 41¢ : .-1 /~ ~ .* ‘ a” ,‘1 --\ ~. "" 4 9_ w ‘ " Q ‘ ‘1 t‘ I ~ ‘ "q ‘1 . .. . "‘ . v: -" an .-.f .3" -
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15 80 TH 1n Flgure of. The figures 10 c<19.n l o; 130 a a

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runge from “0.1- 01...e. to 19.0) u1100u0, .hile t hroe oi

the four figures in column 8 are b3treen- [5 mi nut s 0.0

10.26 mi Hut 5. The fourth 0“c is 0:01y :;2.16 minutes. This

—’ q .‘ .- ,A‘j f. L1‘\- -~-. ,‘ ‘ ..'.‘r‘ 1 " “'9‘ r "P 1' ‘ “'7' ‘ . . f: v'.'",'l" " 9-: ' "
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..' ,u‘ D , _ --'-‘ ~ -. (..‘ 5 . pl 7' ...\‘ 4 1‘.
Letuod I 10? 0“ g o ”Lt 000nm: of tomatoes, t-e tImc ran as

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from 3.10 min0003 to A... 0110 0., L00 1110110 tlde using

..0160 minutes.

 

.932 3t11 Time 6.99
.96 30. 0}. W501 "
’rranfe .17 Averafie T
To: 15.130 .271 731111311131 ’1‘
Slice; on 1.00 Taxinuh T
l Tr”? of .79 Rating {1.31

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:)lf -1303 o ”1.) 11037.31 1T7: Fu-Ct-Jl“ 10.144
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mm. N>.H No. OH.H o .w oo.H co N
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mmaana ZHNMEHH ECHENKEmo

 

 

 

 

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QQUD BN.:DHDLL mom mEHH UH MubLuuN: r :« U$H.»P. FT

CUiITITY CUT BY U HD
IN ECUIW T"Z'T V- "IV" CUTTIUC TIE?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l as: T93 no 0 '
U (“3 fiod .fité gvgg
GM'OE: USN-H «Pm-H «it'd-PE
2553.0 SSE €785 3&802
[arbor—1 0300.2 0002 Q ..'}..q
# 702 07 2# 202 13 Ed”
8a 402 2+ 40: P# 402 13 H60
7% 1502 2% 802 2# 13 HdJ
7f 40: 27% 2%" 40: 13 Ha“
y 20 Qfi 40' gfi, 13 Hd
f5 27;! 13 Ed“
7# 802 2# # 13 Hdu
1# 120“ 1# 40q 13 Hdu
7# 2# 80” 2# 13 HdJ
24;— eo' 1%!- w:
2% 40L #
2# Son # 120:
2# 803 # 40:
“f 403 1% 80:
§# 80?
Total Weight 69# 502 3 # 120J 24# 703 130 Ed;
No. Observations 9 15 14 10
Averave Weight 8# 20: ”F 403 1% 80b 13 Hdt
Minimum Weight 7# l# 120$ l# 13 H65
Maximum Weight 8;¥ 702 2# 803 2% 40; 13 Hds

 

 

 

 

 

 

T‘BLE ll

-74.

PVTWVJLT If);T LO SSBS

 

T'TTCTTTEE III 'TC’T’TNT I‘VTTT‘ 3113307719

Cabhgge ‘Carrots Celegz

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

r1 «1 r
I: T ‘ , '1 'U 0 Id
:3 52 :2 r‘ < 5* <11 >~ a1 ..1 :1 8 "a
‘1" C3 '3 " 0’ T4 ‘H [—1 ‘H D 31 r-3 r’
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5’01; 40—45 5" T" } 1219‘5 3'13”
51/, 351, 52"; 4,, 1.71:0:3‘5/ éf 11' OZ
% r V -i -102- f “
501% 40-7; 1!- 4} 113.021 754- 67,9
' 1‘} 4' 41,5 1 57*: 11.51:! 3. 20 Z 1105/}; 63'? 4°
54; 42fi 51 4% 80g10# 6%
52g 44: 53 4F lfiozlof 6# 4oz
5197f 4.57, if; 45/: 1302107} 6;" 402
54? 33W 5% 43 120210? 5% l to:
50% 40% 5% 4% 120 10# 4% 120
- J]. V H
53v 33v 10% 6#
10# 6“ 9oz
101;!- (~,’ o~
Total Vt. 563# 433# 50# 45? 1202130# 20# 402
Lo. OEserv. 11 11” lo" 10" 131 13
Avg. Lt. 51m 39$ 5? 4g'1002105 6# 802
'r, ’1 1, y - 1
£111. it. 511 3 ,7; 5;; 4;}; 4031052: 551' 12302
Lax. 1t. 54y 45% 5g 4g lzbzlog 6# 1202

 

Avg. Loss 12# 602 3# 802

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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2 6 elate: t
table in tiles glen?
the east e6:

1'
LT)

32 ref: to the
north end of the
table

 

In $1108 at the east
erge of the table

Spreud 32 plates on
4 trays

----- —-33 times
4 full trays to the

cart near the end of

the teble

 

On the cart

In the refrigerator

I

ready to serve

Eote: Only 4 trays are taken to the refrigerator
at one time. This operation is re eated 8 times to com-
jlete S 6 salads.

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

SCJTT TY 'TTTTDD _/\
OCVELTIOU TI"T IV TITUTCS
PL'I,’_;.TI'1‘Y 50 8 a; :3: 4.) . m 3
STUDIuD 530 0 g H m E E In 8 i' 6 etc
256 2:32 11:22 .2 2 — 2 2 .21: +22
S1‘:.T1’_;JOI‘~_ .: 9g .. 21.0 9? :3 a; .L. :1} @349 <2: :1 Li :4
32 m Cir-LN m >415 ;5 Ex; r“! ‘H f 1043‘ C) LN.) H C: O
10 £4 E4 .4 O E! H 121 0 $1 H L: 1—3 {:1 {.443
H {‘1 H ’3 0 Cr! '94 {:1 L)?“ 1.]
4:00 4380 2,": r‘. new no my,
:12 54+) u. 0+3 0 s: <10 (1;; ;; 43 Hrfivg
H C»; «4 7-4 "H :3 L3 21 D it? ('9 £1
P3 54 (+4 5': O m I»: C: L‘I (C. L};
l.) E [-4
0?]. 2.5: 6.70 9.4.3 [1.11 2-56 110 3
.92 1.57 6.10 7.30 13.9? 3.04 10.25
01" 2.56 6.145 90.510 13.1 0’: 9
0535 1.19 6-01 7 125 15.1 3
0732 P350 '52. Til 9053 ;; ‘
.20 H.05 6.07 0.52 412. , ;
.18 :0; : 6.3 93.33 13.13 .91 100(5
.25 11.33 6-7715 3-83 1-30.57 .3933 9.63
.19 u.2 r.?3 3.21 $1.6? c.35 8.17
.30 2.28 6.4? 9.00 2 .2 2.63 3248
.20 1.80 5.59 7 39 20.9‘ 2.39 11.2
.22 $.05 6.90 8.47 $3.37 E.L l .93
19.82 3.40 9.10
23.45 3.4 10.00
4.07
20:19 ‘ .9050
20.21 4.05
22.84 4.00
19.25 3107
Total Time 6.63 $5.30 75.42 103.15 3?4.71 66.04 132.26
30. Cbserv. 12 2 2 12 18 30 13
1V5. Time .21 2.10 6.8C $.59 18. 00 3- 33 10.17
Iiin. Time .1? 1.13 3.59 7.39 3.2.00 2.56 9.05
11x. Time .30 9.5C 6.81 9.5? :8 3.45 4.07 11.9:
R ting Cl-Cl-S-
gavel. Fct. 1.1 1.11 1.14 1.11 1.1 1.1! 11.14
Std. Time .3304 “.394' 7.1599 9 7996 30. 5 T’ 3. 7?! .593”
.1110’311111ce 05307 .03301'} .070". .070" .7 m . :101- 1.05308
illOM’. Time .360fi ”.4149 7. 300 9.?13470.540; 3. 56 l. 61'.C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-77.

 

T;~ blos 13,1 .Q, and 15 vary from 2.56 minutes to 4.07 “in-

1

utes. The allovee tine f0“ the confilete o oration or for
t} ‘.irt"-t o trzys is 3.‘056 minutes. See Tables 13, 14, and
15.

~Wm'vn'f‘ ' m'. ‘V

Iiweu 1- 11.13 AIS been 3110‘s to 230 the eui:.=v

3 though not always, pereeus, the most efficient. The total
ello“ui time is 45.7746 minutes. he flatGS are set uw on
the trays b? a series of three oecretions. The total time
allowed for the erocess is J-13I mien utes, T;ble 13. It s
easier to set ue ee trays and ylstes by this methofl because
there is less Chen e fov them to slifie off the table and
because only four tr1ys are set up vith filetes at one ti.e.
This elimie1tes the element of f: tL gue in setting up 256
elate at or 0 ti :20. On the other heni, if a frosez salad
is on the menu and hes to be eut up as reéiglv as .ossielc,
it is not Gee irzfiale to use this method. ‘Either of the
others would be better because if all the fletes are set u?
at once, there is no vsiting to set up plates after every
thirty-two salads. Also if, for some reason, he overstor
hes to wait for “'teriu_ to make eer selees sue could set

or *212.6.. us accorting to Iethefi e or C and thus use sev-
eral minutes that 2..L ght othe r": wi e be wastefl. “o bed
allows 11.6? 34 minutes to tzre the 23.1353 to the refl igeretor
sni store them, or 1.073? minutes less than Ict11 od C. It
requires twice as many trips to the refrigcxstor as ”ot‘ofl
C, thus requiring more effort in T3 king, bu actually tek-

iIg less time.

 

 

D?) *1" ' new at? -- rrc ~.- --r ".r ~- “r311 '7
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In pile on 1:5 53

In pile in enjboerd

On the trays on
the table

 

——-———————————'J ;3 tilylcc)

s full trays to the
cart near the end of

en the cart

Te the refrigerator

In she refwigerstor
reauy to serve

Note: Only 4 trays are t ken to the refrif orator
at one time. This operatien is reveated 8 tines to com-
plete Q56 salads.

 

 

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0? ”I“ - CITE. III”: I17 .7'11 E'J‘I‘ZS
o
CU,H.;.TITY ‘3 ,c, 0 5) +3 H
GTHIL‘D 5:11.31 m4: 3 if“ E” 8 as
" P“ 5 fl 4 r"
25 L‘ U 5 a , fl 1: «P E4 54 c3 ::' ~r‘l
gm? ISLE (30 “2‘04
, ‘ a -» n
‘3TFL- ES .4 c) d w o ..q I: £343
+2 +2 :14: 'H :1 hDH 1:1
42:30? H694 +30 £15.:
0.4.5, Fir-4C3 43 Have
(I) 04 1; U n4 0 :1 3‘: C). S:
I ‘ '5': 0—." C34 45 ‘14 (‘3
(7-1 {—s
‘ ‘32 11;..11 9.56
1L)9A 1 1,;093 3.0!}
1.01 12.00 3.9s
10910 15.10 3.10
" 8! llvgg 4,00
9.7 1?.7, 3. 3
8.00 13.12 3.39
‘30); 1305'? 3.33
7.63 :1.()7 2.85
'7 5‘5 TO. 1 2.613
8.60 20.09 2.§§
8.5.2" 23.37 2. m
1902‘ 3.13.0
— 3

 

 

19.2 3.07

 

 

Total Time 106.68 324.71 66. CI 1 2.3
No. Observations 13 23 13
Average Time 18.89 13.00 3.32 10.17
Hininum Time 7.63 12.00 2. 56 9.05
Haximum Time 11.01 23.L5 4.07 11.9
Rating Cl-Cl-C-C

Leveling Fz>cter 1.14 1.14 .14 1.14
Standard Time 10.13L6 00.5240 3.7348 11.5933
Allowance .0?03 .0208 .020” .0208
Allowed Time 13.1551. 20.5408 3.8056 11. (146

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 14

KTTICD B--T Lis, accord'ng to tIeo; y, should be the
st mot} 0d. Ildustri:u efi_11f0ru :yI-va afivoc to the com-
nletion of one nrocess befure going on to tne next as the most
efficient I tho& of doin" a piece 07 Kerk. In the sssenolin:

'5 a r '1 -' ‘1 ‘| ..‘! "I. ' I: . ’fi ' “ 1‘ -' a“ -‘ ~ ~ ' 2- ..‘ 47’." '~ ‘- ‘-
OJ. S..l-..-L..:3 Lnis, ->. 1.3, .21.... not Ina-.22. .romn .1 11.3. 1.1.: tot-

quired 10.1554: ninutes, TLblC 14, to set I: the plgtos on the
“flvs by this methoo, T? .BXIO “in.,as more tInn Kc Iod A
and .29 5 minutes meme than Ietfiod C. -his methofi is more
clifficult because the slates and trays Slifi anuIi too easiuy,

;.cause the O”"””tA)‘1!£3 to turn a gjmxi;txinr mare times, as

.v

- H -. r ‘a - I .- I ‘- uv 3—.“ I“ .‘~ -~ ' "I ‘\
she can take on? y' elmt 31.112223 1: 1.1 we on .-.»o..._-.°<l at 2 time

Ir ‘1 i

and because it is difficult for tie avergge person to re ch

across the tabl orhen the trays are Wilod tVo or three

high. Then all the flstes 3&6 trays fire sfit u* on the tgole

~. . .V .... 1 .- ..L '..
tnerc is no S*KC§ Luft LJQTG two 5.1 d mghCTlLL n_y we

placed in or€=r tht both hixfs any be axed in putting t on
the ylatec. Iethod 3 is the can: as Tithe: i in storiLg
s: :33 1a the refrigerator.

3.”;7’33333 C--T11is nothod has .‘LQ'..' 'fiftrfsr'aonlnr var. “ages

I' - . r- ..' ' ' I? *2~~ - ’. K d: .. ‘5“ I L ".1, x 1
since tr? total leo_en tluo I. In.0- I zi~u 03. .no 31 tos

4 1’. :- .‘- - v .. ~‘\ ' - . , ., ~. '.v I I- >_"' t.- .. - ..‘ v
onn be o".t on fine 02%;: iJ 3.-10 n.nn.cs, SCtellp 3010 on

the ta)1 and lesvins some on the leifie. In this may the
tes are all To 0333 for ssl d shong I tine Ind there is
still about SOfl of Lne worl an ce left on the tan e. It
renuires more handling of the trays than Iothod I or B, but

does not take as long a time as He hod B. method C 3110

-81-

 

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L a“: Inuu :Lwi'x.

TERYS

In rile on
north end
lefige

Two at once
to center
Of leige

it center of
ledge sereed
with “Tites

p~¢
-—3?3 times

To table

909

On table
Etlafi is

on here

put

To cart on
full trays

O

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Hate:
refrigerator.

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On trC"s
on In

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To end of
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on trays

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qué C.’ .. -v- 9 ~\ rJ $4 CH C. £~-: 0... r3 5.) p L ‘1': :3 p} 3,.) r: ‘4 ;:
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n mhrv r~~f”r “~+E ~NJ -He90r- Eec‘c w~4
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3076 Jog ‘ 6199 9.05
90 [To 3.1 :5." GL‘ 900‘
(205?? ‘EQQL r. .f 905
995’; 306 Evie-Lg 805
“.72 30:» 3.;23 00‘
7.7a 3.3- 3 o 7.5 15.3:
3.00 3.8 2.7 ?.5 13.23
8.35 2.6 2. 7.5 10.1"
go5 2.£'L‘_ Boq q03 3.:3g‘l
8.35 §.?? $.35 7.20 ?.5
3. ’p0 3030 7.065 j—qog
3. J.‘ .51 3..~g 23.1};‘1 ..'-Load

Tot“l Tine
Ho. Observ.
5. Tim 2
“in. Ti.e
"ix. Ti?" 3

r..-

Ratin
Level; ct.
Std. Time
fiIlorance
Allow. T'me

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

  

 

 

 

  

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9.8?04 minutes, Table 15, for setting up the plates and
trays. This is .2835 minutes less than hethod B and .03¢5
minutes more than Lethod A. In storing the completed salads
in the refrigerator sherbert glasses are used to separate
the trays of eeled on the cart so that eight trays are
tanen to the refrigerator at one time instead of four as in
hethod A and Hethod B. The steaming by use of she‘bert
glasses is done by placing three glasses on each tray be-
tween the plates. They are so placed that they provide
three surfeces at one level on which to Lleoe a second trey.
In this manner another tray of salads may be put on tOp of

sleds on the first trey.

U)

the first without diserranging the
Taking eight trays to the refrigerator at one time in this
manner requires only 1.2890 minutes, or 2.4040 minutes less
than the time required for hethods A ens B. But, the hen-
dling of the sherbert glasses requires 3.5206 minutes so
that the total ties for storing in method C is 12.7660 min-
utes, or l.C?;0 minutes more than hethod A and iethod B.
While each method has its own advantages and disad-
vantages, Eethod A is the quiChest end hethod B re;uires the

least motion.

—84-

V. DISUUSSION

This report deals largely with the preparation of
vegetables for a tossed vegetable salad. The vegetables
studied are not the only ones ever used in such a salad but
are the most commonly used on2s in the residence hall where
the studies were made. They were not purchased especially
for study purposes, but were taken from the regular stock
of vegetables as delivered twice a week. This was to in-
sure getting stock for study purposes which was comparable
to that used in daily salad preparation. The stOp watch
method of study was used and only the overall time was
taken since the time necessary to do the complete Job was
the objective. For more detailed study other motion cycles
could be substituted. The elements timed could be shortened
or micromotion could be used.

Though the purpose of the studies presented was to
show how long it takes to prepare these vegetables in sev—
eral different ways within one working situation, how long
it takes to assemble the prepared vegetables into salads
ready to serve, and how to fit the time required into the
time available for the job, the results show one way to be
better than another, but still are not complete or compre-
hensive enough to arrive at "the one best way" for doing the
job. In order to do this a great many more studied would
have to be made and it would be desirable to use micromotion.

Hand preparation has been compared with machine prep-

aration. In every case hand preparation required more time

-85-

1

3- ~ - a 1 ~ . V, J ' A - '- a '. ' r‘.‘ 4 v n. 9-: a
an; unnully f‘SstCQ in grotto? istl¢ue. It nave n he} 1
more lens n3 3: ed in a nonrenco than fi:ehiio ‘ ovrr_tion
but not alrgys a more T;Z&t3b10 one.

.ottuce then yrofiurod

‘ ." ..‘ " L 1“. “."‘ ‘1 1" f‘ O. .L‘ "“‘ — . o'l“" \l ' r1"
my hand is not o~31eoc an” "one.ec" 1n aypeurtnco. in?

str :33 in bane out cele ‘ are not so noticr "“ Yhen cut

t ten to cut

C)
H.
C1

by lonl the Lnire u3‘ ed is an: we and more 0;?
all the celery strings arm not to bruise the head lettuce
Emilee the ‘@ two veje tables confiriee the hula of the 331 d

they are the deci 31in3 f3 ctore 'n “cea-:3ce. Tomatoes, po-

0 *D: . r. o- -. r~ F o‘- “’o‘, ‘3 '. 4‘ ‘.
so or heir cozmio it tien, qu heirly ultiys fTG? roe by

Kechir e “non‘r~tiou rcouirofi less time for all vege-
tab es studied, but did not alvgys result in loss fatigue

hand trod313 ion or operating the hr}: michine. Lovovor,

operati:n of the hrni 2L01LHO is more tiring tlgn any other
method. Th’ e is Cue to the fact that both hands have to

move and each moves rith a LiffOPOT :infi of motion. T
leftl fiend rushes her itentallw across the uody tn'lo tne
right hand usin” a rotary nation to sun from t
nishes tie peter thit t1 rns the gniie. Carrots and cabs go

. _ a‘ --‘ . ~,—. ‘ m .4 ,‘o ,~.fi Cry- .-. , »' ..
NICttGI‘ E‘- l“Ct: ..1“- Lace i.ll‘,n 317.5C.{1.ilicu-L-‘_‘ _‘TO,7'~-T0do

Yuan griced, “arc.6eo or slice}. fecaguie 1 preparation,
however, is limited to rather l;rgo uur titizs. Three
heads of lettuce can be cut in the tiflu roouirec to

:ich to do the cut-

. 1 - - .. ‘- ‘. .. t .. ' -.
assemble :nd disassenole tne HhC”th on a

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Working conCitlo :existing in the resitence o;ll vhere

J

the stuCi,s Tore mzde the time :nich should be 3110 ed

H.
(T.
L)

for the 3rep:r;tion of certain soled m teriels varies
the method of nrooerrtion used one the amount to to prod red.
Th 3 is the first renort of time end motion :;tu ios Curried
out unfer this norking situation and it is for fron cou-
filete. Konovor, it Coos she? the “cor“t 0. time he overuse
worker rould need to oronrre the veietgbles studied in
3 ver {.1 different ..cys and comoeroe mechrnicul preparation
31th hand preparation.
i. Preparation of vejetables

Given a definite amount of time in thich to prepare

1

a tease; vegetable soled, the time for the Freozration of
each vrrot ole could be taken -from the t bles and 3Coed
tog-gother to give the totql time nihic: ti'ouid be neeceo. for
the salad. If these exceed the time available, methoes rc-
nuir in: less ti;:e co lo :0 rub“titut3' or rnother Salad
could be used on the menu.

T0312: SLL E—-In OtH1(r 1 es, if an hour and three-
nu rters are avzilae e to uretere vo;;eta bio: for $56 salads,
they could be projgrod accorCingj to Chart 3. ihis mazes a
very lovely fro eh er'u:r1n~ 331 I

' ~ u'\ " c \ ". 3.1 fl 1 ~ ‘ (v c ' | \ . -‘ ‘ 1 v .‘\ is I: 1-, : . -
only an 101? and a golf in eve leole, tee e tJOq of pros -

retion 3hovn 111 C}.;ert 3 could be neat. tince machine cut

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’Q r” £( 1 I" '5 “ l' ‘ I. V . \‘fl '3
tOSLCu aLLmd o: « “ll tne tateri l is not on n Lu. It

only t in“ 9.A739 mi;utor to vcsh and remove *n
lerve:-, of Mata lettuce Ln? 3Q.77&6 linutCJ t
1.79:7"053 p.133. jut the 3a.; on th -'fl“to;3. Tnie,
31 of 49.3776 minutes to re3 lettuce for a
lettuce 831 d.

CfiigC? CuEiT--Lvr a ChOff¢5 Cabb gr 631;
busqel of c1Lbage would 6 needed for the '56 p

 

nor: 11v “*0“ red in tJQ rvsidencg h411 ”wave to stun? ras
.. ' P' . ~~ 2. ' . r‘. s - ’3 7‘. . “‘ ..‘-y - \ D ‘ n 1 ‘
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,- - ,.-, '3 L . -. ' . . 1 - (1 Ar / .J. :71 t‘r‘i 4",
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ScroqLeu ch*uge 1n tau lorJ OJ C313 :1. coula JO are? rex

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13 ’-.13;L Mlnutes .s folio s:
..‘. .3 ...1. '1 . --. . .J.
(310-13 gm Cub 1“ :00}. 3.1133 3,2333
1" 1.7 1 ’3
. OLQOU I 8.9)
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meodec for H Cirrot s;laa.

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?301 11fl1“i3] in ficch‘nical
-‘-‘O;l OI. 1;..735
Cut 01f (31,-0.9 3.211. 1"";31 ,1. 6
Q

.2110 T)

Total

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rash abushel and cut off the bad SjOtS and 39.8752 minutes
to slice tilewl so that the totLl tin; to prejure tenLtoes
for L sliced tonLto soled wouli be 69.3636 nineteen.
B. Assembly of so Lds

The time used to Lscemole th plates L225 tr7ye, put
the soled on the plates QDL store them in the roirigeretor
has to be Lfliee to the preparation time to Show the amount
of time needed for the conolete pr ocece. That is, from the
time tLe stock is brought from the store rezom urtil th

sLlLLs are in the refrigeretor reedy to serve.
T0387? ‘ECTTLSLR SiLAD-—For L tossed veeetLLle SL LL
99.1980 minutes are neeoefi to prepare the veget
21. 5 *8** minutes to put the sale: on the gernishee plates
LLS 45.7746 minutes for assemblV. This HQfiCS a total of
loo.~4141-7Lnutes, or Leout two hours L13 fortY-five minutes,
to get the 30.1;d ready for the table.
LLAD ETTUCB SLLLD—-i plain heLd lettuce SLlLd can be
reLLy to serve in 94.1583 minutes, or about an hour and L half,

I 0 y w '1 1

since 48.3770 ninuces ere neeeeo to pre7; e tfiO lettuce and

45.7746 minutes for assembly. A shredded cabbage sale: re-

quires ,2.1398 miru tee to prepare the cabbage, Tl.563 83*

I"?!

minute' 3 to put it on the pletoe, and 75- F’é rinutes for

*These figures are not taken from L large enoug:h
sample to be 815 mnif cent. This time is To. 319 eLlLLs.

19:83 5
19.3

13.57
17.7

9‘9. (30

Lseenhly, or L totzl of 139.4336 mizut es which ’
hour LLG fifty minutes.

ZBCRG; ELL “--For 3 cho fie? cgh323e salt?
miLutes need to be allowed ier “re; ring the cLh
ethos L totLl of 131.3346 zlnutes, or about ten
tflen for shreddee cebh 5e.

CATFOT ~4L-D--4 chow LL carrot 331:;L th to

158. 7890 minute 3 or

its treerLtion, 91.4456 nihrtee to preer
31.5638 minute" to out it on the :13 es and 45.

tto hours Lne forty minutes

3 ICED TCILT Q7LLT-LliLLL teflLtO SLlLC
wered CllOL ng 6 .0686 minut es to pr .pere t emetoe
/5.77/6 3 nutcs to assemble or L total of 114.

F on"
Jer.)

(‘ 11"“
.J . 0;.10;

he hour and

nether

fifty minutes.

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1'11! 0-
“S 3311153

einute

These totgls have all been contute' using 4see3Lly
to see 4. In Laseiblin; the SSICCS the method useL L111
probe 31y be Kethofl 4. since it reeuir— no eleLst ti1e,hut
if fatigue is L were imertent elerm ent tHL 21 ti3e, L,tho;1 C
would he used. This method requires feve~ trips to the re-
frigerLL:r but takes 1.3.3 33 minutes longer the. Hethod A and
.866? minutes longer than Tothofi 3. KLG“in he time noeflee
for the connlete eper_tion can he of greLt hel“ to the emu
HLkCro Tro SLlLds reCquir" he 're.te t 'oouht of time
tool? prob hly not «e ueeL en :ne Gay's menu.

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for the nwmhor of LglgGs pray rnfi.

B. :R?Tt*fl?33 is '1 infc>;”‘t 1t {'43Unr itzzrilga C‘TYLZTQ-
tioq. fl clutte3efl ??Cfix?ztia. 33‘ ;:9: is“ gush lug“ time

.

and LLt‘Jo t not; as.

3. The gzwxxgnution tiImzjlxr ray v- fflxlfb: studigi
varies :itl the qual'ty °n€ c “a“?iiess f the we a; ble.

i. The ng§.r1tiOn tin? can we ch'nsvd by r0‘7r1n(i“3
tke @Cflimeht v10» i1 :“frr tv 01 :90 his number of 3:?i-fi3
USCG.

5. The 111011;? wion tinw iii: W O?" ‘~J¢g"<1trf--‘;1f}-o 7:13;." C ’I‘Q‘TO
or less th 11m for .n a uni Cdthify of anot .13: .

6 ‘31: fir") “"‘(‘\’"‘;'—.r."- t"? " "I '31“. "I,:“ "T7" “..'-’3 71'1- "_“1~1r\v "f 21""3’

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table is one of 113 3*cto s to consiéer iL GTCiCl“: t“ich
s to be used.

7. If the ”v.2tity to bw Tropgrei is a. 11, it if some-
tiaes just as inst to do the york b7 hund.

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