. .——«- ---~»"~ -«A-—o—o~..<_,‘ THE FOUNDING AND HISTORY OF BETHEL COLLEGE OF INDIANA Thesis for the Degree of Ph. D. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY ALBERT JACOB BEUTLER 1970 D . y . . . r A. e (a V 1 .y :2: V. . . , . I . . e . f . .. . . :7 :. {Hesfli IzllgleilQJy' , Michigan State University This is to certify that the thesis entitled THE FOUNDING AND HISTORY OF BETHEL COLLEGE OF INDIANA presented by Albert J. Beutler has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for Ph. D. degree in Higher Education Major professor Date £4414. 0-169 --._.-,"._.._- _._ -__-‘ ,. _ , l ABSTRACT THE FOUNDING AND HISTORY OF BETHEL COLLEGE OF INDIANA BY Albert Jacob Beutler This study traces the deve10pment of the influences and events which led to the founding of the only church—affiliated college in the United States of the United Missionary Church, formerly known as the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church. The Indiana District of the Men- nonite Brethren in Christ Church founded the school, but they were joined by two other districts-—Michigan and Ohio-—prior to the opening of the school. A fourth district, Nebraska, joined the college project in 1950. The history illustrates the factors that have led to the development of many of the church—related colleges in the United States. Bethel College was Opened in September, 1947, as a co-educational liberal arts college in Mishawaka, Indiana. It has been led by two Apresidents, Woodrow I. Goodman and Ray P. Pannabecker. The history is developed around the tenure of the presidents, illustrating the importance of human leadership in the develoPment and history of small church- related institutions. The twelve years of the Goodman administration, June, 1947, to July of 1959, are analyzed in five areas. The first area was the acquis— ition of physical space to both get the institution started and meet the Albert Jacob Beutler expanding need of facilities. The second item which was inextricably bound to physical plant relates to finance and the fiscal policies of the board. A third problem centered on the recruitment and development of an academically qualified faculty. Fourth was the development and ex— pansion of the curriculum to meet the needs of the students and fifthly, extra—curricular activities and student life are considered. Ten years, July, 1959, to July, 1969, of the Pannabecker admin- istration comprise the chapter on ”The Second Presidency.” The issues of physical plant development, finance and the Board of Directors, the academic community and student life are discussed in this chapter, also. It was during President Pannabecker's tenure that Bethel began seriously to pursue accreditation by the North Central Association. The self study that was instituted to implement their goal led to considerable change. The statement of college objectives was revised, curriculum revision was implemented, the library was upgraded, and a new academic calendar was adopted. In the process of curriculum development a general studies pro- gram of fifteen courses was instituted. All degree programs but the Bachelor of Arts were phased out and the School of the Bible was discon— tinned. Bethel achieved ”Candidate Status” on March 30, 1966, and a Self Study was submitted to North Central Association in May, 1969. In conjunction with the merger of the United Missionary Church and the Missionary Church Association in 1969, Bethel College became a denominational school. It is presently one of two church-controlled colleges of the Missionary Church, both of which are located in Indiana. THE FOUNDING AND HISTORY OF BETHEL COLLEGE OF INDIANA BY Albert Jacob Beutler A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY College of Education 1970 7470 TO The many individuals who have given of themselves both unreservedly and sacrificially to establish and de- velop Bethel College, my alma mater. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. Edward B. Blackman, my adviser, for his understanding, encouragement and helpful suggestions during my course work and writ- ing of the dissertation. I also wish to express appreciation to Dr. Walt P. Risler of Indiana Uni- versity at South Bend for his careful reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions regarding the organization and style of the narrative. A special word of gratitude is due Mrs. Sarah Rede- gaard for her skillful typing of the various drafts and final manuscript. iii CHAPTER I. II. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . O C C O O O C O O O O 0 Description of the Study . . . . . . Sta tement of the Problem . . . . . . Purpose of the Study . . . . . . . . Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . Mennonite Brethren in Christ United Missionary Church . . . . . H igher Education . . . . . . . . . Sources Of Da ta 0 O O O O O O O O 0 Procedure and Organization . . . . . EVENTS AND INFLUENCES WHICH LED TO THE COLI‘EGE C O I O O O O O O O O O O 0 Events and Influences from 1920 — 1940 The The The The 1944 Indiana Annual Conference . Influence of the Church Periodical FOUNDING OF Inter—Conference Educational Committee 'Subcommittee on Real Estate and Location The Kletzing College Pr0posal . . The Ferris Institute Pr0perty . . The Mishawaka, Indiana Property . The Indiana Conference School Committee iv 0 PAGE 10 12 15 22 22 23 29 31 V‘I ‘ CHAPTER The Indiana Conference School Board . . . . The Michigan, Chic and Nebraska Conference College Endeavor . . III. THE FIRST PRESIDENCY . o Biographical Sketch of President Goodman . . Physical Plant Development . . . Initial Physical Plant Arrangements . . . The Completion of the Administration Building Join the The Construction of Goodman Auditorium and Shupe Fiscal Policies and the Board of Directors . The Chief Executive and the Board of Directors . The Financial Situation from 1947—59 . . . The Board of Directors during the First Presidency . . The Academic Community Administration and Faculty . . The Curriculum . . . Student Life . . . . . Student Government . Student Organization Student Campus Life Summary . . . . . . . IV. THE SECOND PRESIDENCY . Biographical Sketch of President Physical Plant Deve10pment . . . Expansion of the Campus . . . The Hall of Science Pannabecker PAGE 33 39 43 44 45 46 48 51 55 55 59 63 72 72 84 91 93 97 100 105 107 108 109 110 111 CHAPTER Oakwood Residence Hall . . . . . Maintenance Building . . . . . . Proposed Jasper A. Huffman Memorial Library Fiscal Policies and the Board of Directors President Pannabecker and the Board of Directors The Financial Situation From 1959-1969 The Board of Directors During the Second The Academic Community . . . . . . Administration and Faculty . . . The Curriculum . . . . . . . . . Student Life . . . . . . . . . . . Student Government . . . . . . . Student Activities . . . . . . . Summary V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX A. Letter of Jasper A. Huffman . APPENDIX B. Official Documents of Bethel College Presidency APPENDIX C. Number of Graduates by Degree or Diploma and by of Graduation 1947-1969 . . vi PAGE 112 114 114 115 115 118 122 131 131 144 151 154 156 159 161 169 174 176 195 TABLE XIII. XIV. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. PAGE The Number and Vocational Areas of Members of the Board of Directors for Each Year from 1959—1969 . . . . . . . . . 130 The Number of Board of Directors by District or Category According to Length of Service for the Period from 1959- 1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Abbreviated Bethel College Faculty Salary Schedules from 1960 through 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Administrative Officers 1959-1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Term of Service and Academic Preparation of the Faculty for the Period 1959-1969 and Total Years of Service 1947-1969 138 The Number of Faculty in Each of Five Categories of Academic Preparation for Each Year from 1959-69 . . . . 143 Curriculum Offerings by Degree, Major and Diploma for Each Year from 1959—1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Enrollment Statistics 1959-1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Number of Graduates by Degree or Diploma and by Year of Graduation 1947—1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY Bethel College, the only institution of higher education of the United Missionary Church in the United States, was Opened in 1947 as a coeducational college. The founding of Bethel College was the culmina- tion of several unsuccessful attempts to establish an institution of higher education to serve the needs of the church. A study of the in- fluences and events that led to the founding of Bethel College and a historical study of the school since it was established are the purposes of this dissertation. This introductory chapter describes the general nature of the study and its purpose. A definition of the terms used and the sources upon which the study rests are given. Finally procedure and organization of the study are outlined. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Since a written history of Bethel College does not exist, the basic problem was to establish with some degree of reliability the fac- tors that led to the establishment and early history of the school. III. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of the study is threefold: (1) to organize in one volume the facts relating to the establishment and development of Bethel College in order to make such source material readily available for l leo~re 5 a 9 ' IQ'—‘n.‘ .yghde - lit-0.. 4.-.] m I ' e .I b ..'.El'8-'. ‘V‘Lfl “a. 5 e: an o A: ‘ . ., “11"" en... . A . I .> "lre "use ‘ 4 :9~. .'k‘:V ' \ ‘p- ‘ s . n I I ‘ future study and evaluation; (2) to determine whether Bethel College was founded in response to a need for Christian higher education for the young people of the United Missionary Church as well as an institution for the training of ministers and Christian workers; and (3) to present the historical development of Bethel College as a contribution to the literature on higher education in America. IV. DEFINITION OF TERMS Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church. The Mennonite Brethren in Christ.Chumch is a branch of the Mennonite Church of America. It evolv- ed out of a series of amalgamations of four small kindred groups, three of which had seceded from the Mennonite Church primarily because of doctrinal differences.1 One group, made up of small congregations in Ontario and Indiana organized in 1874 in Berlin, Ontario, became known as the Reformed Men- nonite Church.2 A second church, formed as the New Mennonites, was a small Canadian splinter group of advocates of revivals which had with- drawn from the main body of Mennonites and ultimately merged with the Reformed group under the name of the United Mennonites.3 A third group known as the Evangelical Mennonites organized in Pennsylvania in 1853. In 1879 they consolidated with the United Mennonites forming a new body called the Evangelical United Mennonites.4 1C. Henry Smith, The Story of the Mennonites, (Berne, Indiana: Mennonite Book Concern, 1941), p. 609. 2C. Henry Smith, The Mennonites of America, (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing HousET I909), . 312. 3Ibid., p. 313. 41bid. W‘s-as 'M In.“ U' ‘ . A ““1 file A ' H\ V“:- The fourth member group of the emerging combination was the Brethren in Christ, which had seceded from the River Brethren in 1838. In 1883 at Jamtown, (now Englewood) Ohio, this group joined with the Evangelical United Mennonites to form the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church.5 The church was principally distinguished from other Mennonite groups by its agressive evangelism and practice of immersion as the method of baptism.6 The theological position of the church may be identified as Wesleyan-Arminian. From its inception the denomination was greatly influenced by the camp meetings made so famous by the Methodist Church in the nineteenth century. The spirit of evangelism and missionary zeal remain as identifying marks of the church. The United Missionary Church. At the 1947 General Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ.Chumch, held in Potsdam, Ohio, the name United Missionary Church was adapted to replace the former name. One district, Pennsylvania, not concurring with the majority of the church, continued using the name Mennonite Brethren in Christ in association with the United Missionary Church. In 1952, they decided to withdraw because of doctrinal differences and continue to use the name Mennonite Brethren in Christ.7 5C. Henry Smith, The Story of the Mennonites, (Berne, Indiana: Mennonite Book Concern, 1941). p. 6II. 6Daniel Kauffman (ed.), Mennonite Cyclopedic Dictionary, (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Puinshing House, 1937), pp. 230—31. 7General Board of the United Missionary'Chumch, The Constitution and Manual of the United Missionary Church, (Elkhart, Indiana: Bethel» PUDIiTS ing Eampany, 1956), p. 11. attalaurt n1 ‘ I 1.29:, t‘ h 0's. :; «it Of“: M I WTIEIBDCI “I [1.1qu '7‘ u 3 ‘fle‘fi ”He: he Jamal i is 1‘9V9n+I 4 Higher Education. In this study higher education refers to a school which requires a certificate of graduation from a secondary or high school as a prerequisite for entrance and offers a diploma or baccalaureate degree as a certificate of graduation from the school. V. SOURCES OF DATA The main sources of data used in this study are: (1) The Gospel Banner, the official church periodical; (2) Conference Journals which are the official minutes and record of proceedings of the various church conferences: (3) minutes of the Inter-Conference Educational Committee; (4) minutes of the Indiana Conference School Board: (5) minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College; (6) letters; (7) personal inter- views: and (8) various kinds of material at the college. Such materials include: College catalogs and bulletins Faculty handbooks Institutional studies Minutes of faculty and committees Official documents Reports of administrative officers Scrapbooks Student handbooks Student publications VI. PROCEDURE AND ORGANIZATION The historical method is the research technique used in the development of this study. Primary and secondary data are subjected to external and inter criticism. The plan for presentation is to enumerate and discuss the factors and events that led to the founding and establishment of Bethel College; to review the early history of the school under its first president whose tenure covered the period, 1947 through June, 1959; and to treat the sets? 7pm 5 development of Bethel during the ten years from 1959 through 1969. Chapter I is an introduction which describes the study; The problem and purpose of the study are stated, terms used in the report are defined and the sources of data are listed. The study of the college proper is prefaced by chapter II which reports the events and influences which led to the founding of Bethel College. The antecedents of Bethel College stem from an interaction of forces within the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church. A resolution passed by the 1944 Indiana Annual Conference brought the issue into focus. Within three years a property was purchased and preparations were made for the opening of Bethel College in 1947. Chapter III presents the early history of Bethel under the leadership of Woodrow I. Goodman. Emphasis is placed on the development of the physical plant, fiscal policies of the board, the academic com- munity and student life during the twelve years that Goodman was presi- dent. The history of Bethel College from 1959 to 1969 is covered in chapter IV. The organization of the material covering the tenure of President Ray P. Pannabecker is similar to that of chapter III. The final chapter summarizes the study and includes recent church develOp- ments which may influence the future of the institution. ‘_r-v ”the; «a p 'l . A. U a we: K...” see of 81356 T' ‘3‘ ' n‘n . -.E 1.1;... a. ‘1‘ I" “ k'atn n ‘ v i ‘t b :TIA w‘ ‘ ‘ :‘5 raft. CHAPTER II EVENTS AND INFLUENCES WHICH LED TO THE FOUNDING OF BETHEL COLLEGE The purpose of this chapter is to describe the events and influ- ences which led to the founding of Bethel College. To get a complete view of those influences one must examine the attitudes of the people of the church prior to 1940. Since very little is found on higher educa- tion in the church periodical, The Gospel Banner, or the Conference Journals of the church in the thirties, the material that is available from 1920 to 1930 was examined. This material seems to be representa- tive of the position of the church prior to 1940. An action of the 1944 Indiana Annual Conference was an important impetus to the issue of higher education in the church. After reporting the action of this conference three articles were discussed that appeared in The Gospel Banner. These articles are representative of the views of a number of church leaders in the early forties. The development and work of the Inter-Conference Education Com- mittee is discussed in detail. A survey of the work of this committee leads to a discussion of the proposals of several of its subcommittees, especially the subcommittee on Real Estate and Location. This discussion is followed with an account of the development and work of the Indiana Conference School Board. The work of 6115 group ultimately led to the founding of Bethel College. A relating of the steps taken by three additional conferences (Michigan, Ohio and Nebraska) to affiliate with the college concludes this chapter. 6 ’5...) ‘ -.--' n ‘ 37“ «v I 0.. IF" A‘ iffal ‘ v"c \ \ M: ‘. .s-~ 5'. . ‘. 3 ~ ., A .- dI 3,. 7 I. EVENTS AND INFLUENCES FROM 1920 — 1940 The attitudes and influences which culminated in the founding of Bethel College cover a span of at least two decades. There was evidence Of a steadily mounting consensus that the church should become specifi- cally involved in offering higher educational Opportunities to its young peOple. Jasper A. Huffman, renowned in Mennonite circles as an educator, author and Bible Conference speaker, became a key figure in the develOp- ment of plans for higher education under the auspices of the church. He summarized his conviction in the early twenties in the following state- ments: What a change has come about on the part of our young people concerning education in the last fifteen years! Instead of stern and unyielding opposition, our young people are now receiving a measure of approval from even conservative sources. The problem of education is a big one, and worthy of most careful consideration, but our people are beginning to see that if our young peOple, ministry and laity, are to make any worthwhile contribution to the generation in which they live, they must meet them upon their own plane, whether it be in the homeland or abroad.1 At this time the various districts of the church had limited their involvement with the higher educational needs of their young people to the recommendation of an existing college or two, "trusted" as types of schools which could be recommended to youthful communicants. Addition- ally,church leaders encouraged capable and trained individuals in the church to accept positions in such approved schools and colleges with the thought in mind that as educators and staff members they could pro- vide apprOpriate guidance to the young people of the church and help 1J. A. Huffman, ”Our Young People In School," The Gospel Banner, Vol. 47, No. 37, (September 18, 1924), p.578. 519: the 1C In :5 machin: tifersity y . £8 CC. solutic 105 o: ‘ I SCl'ltll and te: In 119 young . :9 31219 g ‘ .°I_ ' r a 'v-‘mna: 14 ()5. :r'~ C. «Hart ‘3: m 8 stem the loss of them to other denominations.2 In his memoirs, Huffman, when writing about his thirty-one years of teaching at Bluffton College in Ohio and Marion College and Taylor university in Indiana said, I did not consider myself merely filling a position in the college I was serving, but as a pioneer in pursuit of the solution of the educational problem of my own church. The several colleges in which I served through the per- iod of guest, I considered as 'borrowed colleges' in which the solution of the educational problem of my church was partially and temporarily solved. Another individual interested in planning higher education for the young people of the church was Jacob Hygema, a diligent student of the Bible and regarded by some as the pioneer Bible teacher of the denomination.4 His concern focused more specifically on the training of ministers and missionaries. In 1920, Hygema announced that Fort Wayne Bible School in Indiana had appointed him to a faculty position and that he would be happy to meet young people of the church interested in pur- suing their education at that school.5 He would occasionally report through The Gospel Banner the names of young people attending Fort Wayne Bible School and on general deveIOp- ments in the school. 2J. A. Huffman, ”A bit of Wise Counsel Concerning the Schooling of Our Young People,” The Gospel Banner, Vol. 50, No. 47, (December 1, 1927), p. 738. 3Jasper A. Huffman, Seventy Years with Pen Pointer and Pulpit (Elkhart, Indiana: Bethel PuBIiShing Company, 1968), pI—12. 4Everek Richard Storms, History of the United Missionary Church (Elkhart, Indiana: Bethel Publishing Company, 1958), p. 195. sJacob Hygema, ”Fort Wayne Bible School,” The Gospel Banner, Vol. 43, No. 35, (August 26, 1920), p. 556. 'IhrOt m“ Sygema a: 221' . tates were finding m appar- are ins: but cert Church 1' necessa: fessions 9 Through the encouragement of educational leaders like Huffman and Hygema and with the strengthening of the general economy in the United States after World War I, more and more young people of the church were finding their way to Bible schools and church-related colleges. It became apparent that young people themselves were increasingly becoming convinced that a college education was vital to them. Late in 1927 J. A. Huffman noted that, The day has arrived when young peeple of the M.B.C. Church are insisting upon higher education, and the parents are slowly but certainly awakening to the fact that, provided the M.B.C. Church is to have a future, we must allow our young people the necessary training for the sacred callings, and the legitimate pro. fessions of life. As one might suspect, the stock market crash and the depressed economic climate that prevailed in the thirties had an adverse effect on the impetus of the higher education movement. The only references to higher education in the church literature from 1929 to the early forties were the election of individuals to Boards of Trustees of church-approved schools and an occasional statement grimly underscoring the fact that given the precarious business conditions, there was to be no financial commit. ment for educational services by the church district.7 Thus, if the decade from 1920 to 1930 was characterized by steady growth both in the attendance at colleges by the young people of church and in the development of positive attitudes toward higher educa- tion by the leaders and laity of the church, the ensuing decade was 5J.A. Huffman, "A Bit of Wise Counsel Concerning the Schooling - .... an .1:- (1" 14 In an article penned by the man who one day would be named the first president of Bethel College, Woodrow I. Goodman spelled out the steps that needed to be taken to accomplish the task of deveIOping a church school of higher education: 1. To become aware of our need for a church—supported school of higher education. To seize our opportunities. There will never be anything more than a daydream unless we have the freedom and the boldness to take opportunity when it comes. To measure up to standard. State laws and regional accred— iting agencies have some standards that must be met if the students' credits are valued. Briefly, some standards that will need to be met for a junior college include: an endowment or guaranteed annual income; faculty members with a M.A. degree or higher; several thousand volumes of selected books for the library; adequate facilities for teaching the sciences, music, and art; and buildings adequate for their purpose, meeting state building codes. To meet the standard the church must be ready to pay the price. Before the school becomes a reality, we must be ready to consider the place. It is important that the school be easily accessible to the source of the largest number of students. The size and cosmOpolitan character of the stu. dent body will be determined by its location. The school must be in a position to provide for the student. Many students must have help to meet room rent, board, laun- dry, clothes and other expenses. The college can aid in one of two ways. It can locate in a metrOpolitan area and secure agreements with employers to hire students or provide factory and farm work under the college direction. There must be a readiness on the part of the entire church to sustain the school. The laity is the largest potential source of enrollment and the source of the most substantial contributions beyond student fees. These are the seven things that we as a church must do in order to make the vision of a Church Theological school and Junior College a reality. 19 19Woodrow Goodman, "Seven Steps to College," The Gospel Banner, 15 IV. THE INTER—CONFERENCE EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE Even as individuals were airing these views further official steps were being taken by the Indiana Conference. Using the authority vested in their Education and Executive Committee to contact other dis- tricts, they sent letters through the secretary, Joseph H. Kimbel, to the District Superintendents of most of the districts in the United States.20 In replies from the Michigan21 and Ohio22 Districts interest in meeting with members of the Indiana District was indicated. Chairman Everest called a meeting of representatives of those districts interested in discussing the possible establishment of a college. This meeting was to be held on September 13, 1944, in Elkhart, Indiana.23 Representa- tives from Indiana, Michigan and Ohio met and organized an inter—con- ference committee, naming Q. J. Everest, chairman and M.J. Burgess, the secretary. The resolution of the 1944 Indiana Annual Conference was read and the group began discussing the need for a denominational school and possible solutions to the educational problems of the church. The minutes of the meeting reveal that Dr. Huffman was present and reviewed the history of higher education as it related to the church. Huffman Vol. 68, No. 12, (MarCh 22, 1945), p. 4. 20Letter from Joseph H. Kimbel to Jasper A. Huffman, July 8, 1944. 21Letter from J. A. Avery to J. H. Kimbel, June 29, 1944. 22Letter from R. p. Ditmer to J. H. Kimbel, June 28, 1944. 23Letter from W.E. Manges to Q. J. Everest, September 1, 1944. p‘fltr‘: ! H": uqfl ‘- 5,,114. .- ~a “N We-v" 4 E71 :‘fi-nn ..-> ..~. 3339'? ‘a‘vm' “0".44 '7‘ we I am: 16 recommended to the group that a Mennonite Brethren in Christ School include a Bible Institute program, a Junior College curriculum, and a collegiate program with apprOpriate majors for training in theology.24 The newly formed Inter—Conference Educational Committee reached uninimous agreement that the M.B.C. Church should make an immediate and strong effort to establish a school and that further consideration be given the Huffman proposals with a view toward implementing them.25 A second meeting of the Inter—Conference Committee was held in Detroit, Michigan, at an Inter—Conference Ministerial Convention on Feb. ruary 13, 1945. Interest had not waned in the interim period and com- mittee members took advantage of an unusual opportunity to present their sustaining viewpoints to ministers attending the conference. Reaction to spokesmen of the committee about prOposed school plans were very favor- able.26 At the 1945 session, the Inter—Conference Committee adopted several resolutions which were to be acted upon at the respective annual meetings or conferences of the participating districts: Be it resolved: That the Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan Annual Conferences for 1945 be asked to consider their interest in the establishing of a church school and to decide whether or not to take part in the same. Be it further resolved: That if the above decision is favorable, that five men, including at least two laymen, be elected by the cooperating conference to act with a like group from the other conferences as the incorporators, to formulate the provisional by-laws to the charter, to appoint a finance, publicity, or any other committee that they deem necessary, 24"Minutes of the Inter_Conference Educational Committee,” September 13, 1944. 25Ibid. 26Ray P. Pannabecker, ”Mid-Year Conference,” The Gospel Banner, Vol. 68, No. 8 (February 22, 1945), p. 3. mi 1 ‘39 l ovq - A '...v U...“ - ul-v-p J-.- ‘ . .. ’I .. _,e u ._ l4 3. _,g .D We.“ v)“- . u.."-. L "on” ~ A I D... . "V We“:.£ "v ( TD '. if. ‘ 1 a U .—s 17 to act as the first trustees with the power to acquire property and to deal with the problems arising from the same, to deal with the problems of curriculum, staff, administrative policies, and all other problems incident to the establishing and maintaining of a school. Be it further resolved: That the provisional by-laws to the charter be submitted to each of the next Annual Conferences which follow the incorporation for ratification by the co_operat- ing Annual Conferences before the by-laws become the permanent directive organ of the school. Be it further resolved: That any other M.B.C. Conference may make application for an interest in the school, and if con- ditions prescribed by the administrative board are met, they may be accepted and secure representation on the board.27 The annual meeting of the Ohio Conference was held in April, 1945. A committee appointed to consider the school problem and recommendations of the Inter-Conference Committee reported initially that "they consider- ed the need of a church school to be one of the imperative needs of our church and conference."28 The Ohio committee felt, however, that the financial burden might be too heavy if a school of the type described by the Inter- Conference Educational Committee were develOped, and suggested that con- sideration be given to providing a Bible School as the first step in the creation of a church school.29 Of the five individuals elected to represent the Ohio Conference in further meetings of the Inter-Conference Committee, three were minis- ters (R. P. Ditmer, F. L. Huffman and H. E. Bowman) and two were laymen (O. F. Riffell and J. E. Seeker).3O 27Michigan Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Port Huron, Michigan: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1845), p. 16. 28Ohio Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Potsdam, Ohio: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, l945), p. 28. 29Ibid. 3OIbid., p. 29. ‘ v "‘ 5.. 7:" i all . v.eh. a... .—- 5-0. p.- -.a- \— a I.‘ a a ...- D... ..A 'x) k.) (u y L I; - (TN '- 18 The Indiana Annual Conference was held in June of 1945, at which time the Education Committee reported on what had transpired during the year. Their report reviewed the resolutions of the Inter-Conference Committee at Detroit and recommended their adoption. They also reported that the Indiana representatives on the Inter—Conference Committee had had some thoughtful discussion regarding the type of school that should be planned and had concluded that the first and paramount need was to organize a Bible Institute providing: 1. A definite training for Christian workers as well as for laymen; 2. The fulfillment of the Ministers' Reading Course require- ments in the school curriculum; and 3. a thorough Bible study based on the Armenian doctrines with a Wesleyan emphasis. A second need is for a BIBLE COLLEGE which would enable students to supplement a Bible curriculum with basic college courses. Whenever it is practical, the above program should be extended to meet the requirements of a Junior College so that young peOple preparing for other legitimate professions and callings may secure pre- liminary training under the supervision of M.B.C. teachers. It is our conviction that steps should be taken for the care— ful laying of plans for the Opening of the Bible Institute unit of the school in September of 1946.31 The report and recommendations of the committee were adOpted and they proceeded to elect three ministers and two laymen to the Inter- Conference Educational Committee. The ministers elected were Q. J. Everest, W. E. Manges and Joseph Kimbel, the two laymen were Edgar Freed and Seth Rohrer.32 The Michigan Annual Conference was also held in June of 1945. A committee was appointed to make recommendations regarding resolutions 31Indiana Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Wakarusa, Indi- ana: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1945), pp. 22-24. 321bid., p. 37. ' n " ’ :0 ‘1. u c .;1_' n ‘ y. a 4):“: I, on. ‘ A .,l H t. W D . .:'L'r~c ..v-.' ’ d. ""3 C' i. '5 a C 1 . . :Ae ‘3 '- 5. ‘. :. 2A., a" 5.. .x- '1. ‘ |Q 19 from the Inter—Conference Committee. It was recommended that the Mich- igan Conference go on record as "definitely favoring the establishment of a Bible School as the first step in supplying this need."33 Michigan followed the pattern of Ohio and Indiana in recommend- ing that three ministers and two laymen be elected to represent them in further planning by the Inter—Conference Committee. They also suggested that any plans involving financial commitments be subject to the approval of the conference. Having adopted the recommendations, they proceeded to elect the members of the committee. M. J. Burgess, J. E. Tuckey and J. S. Wood were the ministerial members and D. V. Wells and J. Kitchin the lay representatives.34 Thus, by the end of June, 1945, Indiana, Ohio and Michigan had formally joined together to establish a fifteen member Inter-Conference Educational Committee composed of nine ministers and six laymen. Con- ferences varied in the amount of authority each was willing to vest in this committee and each had a somewhat different impression of the type of school that should be launched. But there seemed unanimity on the fact that something needed to be done to provide more adequate education- al advantages. The success or failure of this committee was to depend on the ability to work from points of agreement to a proposal that would be acceptable to each of the cooperating conferences. At least the members could look upon themselves as having reached one rather impor- tant milestone, for indeed this was the first time in the history of the 33Michigan Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Port Huron, Michigan: Mennonite Brethren in ChrisEEChurch, 1945), p. 28. 34Ibid. up. a. v3"- v I..‘ a. uw--;:.. :et a cap. « \ a“.- 4. ‘4 {‘1‘ N) o T) 20 church that several conferences officially approved a joint effort toward the establishment of an institution of higher education. The new and officially sanctioned Inter-Conference Educational Committee met for the first time in July, 1945. Their first official action. beyond matters relating to organization, was to pass a motion that a Bible Institute be opened by September of 1946. Once this deci- sion was reached they set about establishing and organizing subcommittees to promulgate this aim. Provision was made for and individuals were named to five basic subcommittees. Subcommittee on Constitution and By—laws Subcommittee on Curriculum and Faculty Subcommittee on Real Estate and Location Subcommittee on Promotion Subcommittee on Finance These subcommittees were to begin their work and report progress at an October, 1945' meeting.35 The activities of the subcommittees on Con- stitution and By-laws, Curriculum and Faculty, and Real Estate and Loca- tion were particularly important. Chairman of the Inter-Conference Committee, Q. J. Everest, called a two day meeting to be held in Elkhart, Indiana, on October 8 and 9 to receive the reports of the various subcommittees. The Com- mittee on Constitution and By_laws presented a tentative Constitution and By-laws. Significantly the first draft of this document included a state- ment of purpose of the proposed school: To establish, maintain, conduct and carry on an institu- tion for the instruction and education of students in religion, theology, arts, sciences, and such other subjects consistent with recognized academic, college, and theological training in preparation for the sacred callings and legitimate profes- sions and occupations of life, and to confer such degrees as 35"Minutes of the Inter-Conference Educational Committee,“ July 26, 1945. Nrr-r boy. eh 7:; V8 21 are cggsistent with the curriculums outlined and courses pur- sued. The Subcommittee on Curriculum and Faculty submitted a tentative curriculum for a General Bible Course. Analysis of the recommendations reveals that the proposed curriculum resembled the established Bible Institute program with a prolific number of religious and very few liberal arts courses.37 The same subcommittee also presented a list of names of prospec- tive faculty members and requested and received permission to contact them in order to determine interest in becoming members of the faculty. These included: Gerald A. Foster, Woodrow I. Goodman, Willard R. Hallman, Ray P. Pannabecker, Kenneth L. Robinson, Lawrence R. Schoenhals, Stanley M. Taylor, Raymond M. Weaver, Peter Wiseman and Gordon A. Wood.38 Considering the fact that the members of the Inter-Conference Committee had little familiarity with activities relating to higher education they had presented a list of excellent candidates. Everyone was destined eventually to spend some time in the field of higher edu- cation and many are yet occupied in it today. Seven of the ten were ultimately employed at the school shortly to be founded. Three of the ten are presently presidents of church-related colleges. The minutes do not indicate how they formulated the list of prospects, but the committee, if asked, might have cited this evidence that God was answer- ing prayers that He lead them in opening a school and in finding per- sonnel to operate it. 36”Minutes of the Inter-Conference Educational Committee," October 8 and 9, 1945. 37Ibid. 3RIbid. {9:"'c' -.--... A. .e n .-S . 5:"ln: x...“ :19?“ 1“ '-~..‘I :“.-A",. --.__‘ {313 we .'Vs~ a 1‘. L ~97 1 a a nu. I“. - ,.‘ H i e“ (1.! 22 V. THE SUBCOMMI'I'I‘EE ON REAL ESTATE AND LOCATION The activity Of the Subcommittee on Real Estate and Location was destined to be by far the most significant of the groups formed. For out of its efforts grew division of opinion among the conferences represented and an important interruption of the three state cooperative venture leaving the Indiana Conference to move forward on its own at least until the Michigan and Ohio Conferences had reconsidered their position. The men Of this subcommittee realized that if they were to ac- complish the goal of Opening a school by September, 1946, it would be absolutely essential to determine a location and do so promptly. Since they had been organized in July, 1945, they were able to report at the October meeting some of their initial thinking on the matter Of location.39 It develOped that, in fact, various members Of the Inter—Conference Committee also had been searching for prospective locations prior tO the July meeting. The Kletzing College Preposal. Probably the first prOposal to be made regarding the location of a school site came through Jasper A. Huffman from C. W. Butler, President of Kletzing College at University Park, Iowa. Butler prOposed through Mr. Huffman that the M.B.C. Church take an active interest in Kletzing. He suggested that he would be able to convince the Board Of Trustees of Kletzing to elect a number of M.B.C. Church members to the Board, and also elect Huffman as president of the school to replace Butler who wanted to retire. It was the con- sidered judgment of President Butler that the M.B.C. Church peOple could 39Ibid. Q'S-‘ 1"" LII O: “a pr: , ”:5 "4i‘ . 5‘. .33 F ‘- A .,..C w, 23 ultimately gain a majority of seats on the Board of Trustees and thus practical control of a campus worth a quarter Of a million dollars.40 Mr. Huffman shared the information with Q. J. Everest,41 Chairman of the Inter-Conference Educational Committee, who proposed that Mr. Huffman, Mr. Everest, and Mr. Huffman's son, D. Paul, make a trip to Iowa to inspect the site and operation and then have further discussion concerning the potential Of the location to meet the educational needs of the church.42 Upon investigation these men concluded that the Kletzing College property was not the right location for an M.B.C. Church school and that the constituency of the church would not want to get involved when the property did not belong to the church.43 At about the same time that the Kletzing College proposal was being rejected, information was obtained regarding the closing of several public school buildings in Toledo, Chio. These buildings were inspected and considered inadequate to meet the needs as projected by the committee.44 The Ferris Institute Property. During the summer and fall Of 1945, at least five additional proposals for location of a new school were considered. Four sites were located in Michigan and one in Indiana. The site in Indiana was a six acre plot in the southeast sec- tion of Elkhart owned by J. C. Bontrager, a layman of the church. He 40Letter from C. W. Butler to J. A. Huffman, May 8, 1945. “Letter from J. A. Huffman to c. w. Butler, May 10, 1945. 42Letter from J. A. Huffman to Q. J. Everest, May 10, 1945 43Personal Interview, J. A. Huffman, March 7, 1969. 44Personal Interview, Joseph H. Kimbel, March 3, 1969. w 9,. I l N -‘ A ». 5“ ~ 2.. .l ‘P- Q I AH ‘ . 31a 24 was willing to sell the property at a reasonable price if the committee would be interested in it. The limited size of the plot in a doubtful location caused the committee to react negatively to the Offer.45 In search of additional leads for possible locations, J. E. Tuckey of the Michigan Conference wrote to the Grand Rapids Chamber Of Commerce in August of 1945. The Chamber referred the letter to realtors in Grand Rapids who responded to Mr. Tuckey's letter.46 One property that was mentioned by a realtor was the John Robin- son HOSpital in Allegan, Michigan.47 Another property was a large build- ing in Grand Rapids, described as sufficient in classroom Space but not at all satisfactory as a school site.48 A third site was a church pro. party in Detroit which, however, was never seriously considered for pur- chase.49 A fourth Michigan property considered by the Committee was Ferris Institute in Big Rapids. Negotiations relating to this property covered a rather lengthy period of time. Mr. C. C. Wonders, of the Dutcher Realty Company in Grand Rapids, wrote Mr. Tuckey about the Ferris Institute property in the latter part of August, 1945, and followed that letter with more comprehensive information in September.50 45Personal Interview, Mr. Edgar Freed, February 28, 1969. 46Letter from J. E. Tuckey to Seth Rohrer, September 10, 1945. 47Letter from J. E. Tuckey to J.&B. Doverman Co., October 24, 1945. 48Post card from W. E. Manges to J. E. Tuckey, September 14, 1945. 49Letter from J. E. Tuckey to R, P. Ditmer, October 16, 1945. 50Letter from C. C. Wonders to J. E. Tuckey, September 4, 1945. 25 Mr. Tuckey reported the information about Ferris Institute to the Inter-Conference Committee at their October meeting, which resulted in a recommendation that further investigation he made.51 Further communication about the Ferris Institute prOperty led to a visit of the campus by the Subcommittee on Real Estate and Location on November 12, 1945.52 Prior to the committee's visit to the campus, they were informed that the Ferris Institute Board had established a tentative price Of $75,000 for the property. This price included all land, build- ings, classroom and Office equipment, library holdings, and tools and supplies in stock.53 On November 14, the subcommittee reported to the entire committee at a meeting in Elkhart, Indiana. The Ferris prOperty was thoroughly discussed, and it was decided that an attempt should be made to arrange for a meeting Of the Inter-Conference Committee with representatives of the Ferris Board of Trustees and Mr. Wonders of Dutcher Realty. J. E. Tuckey was authorized by the committee to make contact with the individ- uals involved and attempt to arrange to meet December 27, 1945. The members of the committee wanted to have the opportunity to view the property while the students were on vacation in order that they might make a more complete investigation.54 As the result of the December 27 meeting, each of the three COOperating districts of the church were asked to call a special meeting 51Letter from J. E. Tuckey to C. C. Wonder, October 24, 1945. 52Letter from C. C. Wonders to J. E. Tuckey, November 7, 1945. 53Letter from C. C. Wonders to J. E. Tuckey, October 27, 1945. 54letter from J. E. Tuckey to C. C. Wonders, November 15, 1945. ~‘ the effl.‘ V '13; - via. a I \' .,,.. ~$ . J. .. 350 a N“ L( ¥Caj ,. . N \J 26 of their annual conference members to discuss the Ferris Institute prop— erty with a view to purchasing it for a church school. The meetings were held and the committee met again on January 15, 1946 in Elkhart, Indiana. The representatives of each conference reported the actions of the spec- ial meetings of their respective conferences. The Indiana Conference, which was held on January 8 at Wakarusa, Indiana, instructed representatives to cooperate with the representatives from Michigan and Ohio in the purchase of Ferris Institute, should that be the desire of the Inter-Conference Committee.55 The Michigan Conference requested that further investigation he made into the purchase of the Ferris property. They were interested in knowing the cost of repairs and remodeling, Operating costs, the plan for financing the purchase and operation, and the academic rating of the school. Questions about faculty requirements were also raised. The material was to be presented at another specially called meeting.56 The Ohio Conference approved proceeding with the purchase of the property provided certain conditions be met. These conditions related to the possible remodeling Of the administration building: maintaining of the accreditation that Ferris Institute possessed; and issues relat- ing to curriculum and finance.57 After these reports were given, the committee gave considerable time to the issues and questions that were raised by the Ohio and Mich- igan conferences. The discussion ultimately turned to the advisability 55"Minutes Of the Inter—Conference Educational Committee,” January 15, 1946. 56"Minutes of Special Michigan Conference,” January 7, 1946. 57'Minutes Of the Inter-Conference Educational Committee," January 21, 1946. far a 0: mass ‘ C l: 6" 19 27 of purchasing the Ferris property. After further consideration and individual group meetings by the representatives from each conference, a vote by conferences was recorded. The Michigan representatives asked for a one-week extension in order that they could present the necessary information to their Own conference members and receive further instruc- tion. Both Ohio and Indiana voted as being favorable to the purchase of Ferris Institute conditioned upon Michigan's favorable action. A motion was then presented and passed by the committee which authorized that an Offer of $50,000 be made for the purchase of the Ferris Institute prop- erty.58 The representatives of the Michigan District immediately called another special conference which was held on January 21. Information was presented on the issues and questions that were raised at the Jan- uary 7 conference and the recommendation Of the recent meeting Of the Inter—Conference Committee was reported. After these items were dis- cussed, the conference voted to approve cooperation in the purchase Of Ferris Institute.59 The following day, January 22, Q. J. Everest and Seth Rohrer met C. C. Wonders and conveyed to him the Offer to purchase the property for $50,000. After they worked out the details of the financial arrangements, which included a $2,500 escrow check, Mr. Wonders indicated he would present the Offer to representatives of the Ferris Board. On January 25, Mr. Wonders called Mr. Everest indicating that the Ferris Board could 58"Minutes of the Inter-Conference Educational Committee," January 15, 1946. 59"Minutes of the Second Special Michigan Conference," January 21, 1946. .uoq l P~uu b- in Q. '~ 28 see their way clear to accept $64,000 for the prOperty but that this was as far as they could go because this amount was needed to cover the liabilities against the school. He went on to say, however, that if the Inter—Conference Committee insisted on holding their offer at $50,000, the Ferris board would call a meeting of the one hundred or more people who held bonds from the Ferris Institute Board to see if they would be willing to accept less than one hundred cents on the dollar on their bonds.60 Since the motion passed by the Inter-Conference Committee stated an exact amount without authorization for bargaining, Mr. Everest felt he had no choice but to insist that the $50,000 Offer stand. He agreed to give the Ferris Board until February 22 to indicate their acceptance or rejection of the proposal.61 On February 6 a group of the Ferris Board went to Elkhart, Indi- ana, to meet with some Of the members of the Inter—Conference Committee. There are no Official minutes but at least two letters were found that refer to the meeting.62 The members of the Ferris Board were apparently interested in the type Of school the M.B.C. Church peOple had in mind. They were also interested in learning about the plans the church Officials had for financing the school.63 60Letter from Q. J. Everest to J. E. Tuckey, January 25, 1946. 61Ibid. 62Letter from J. E. Tuckey to Seth Rohrer, February 8, 1946; letter from J. S. Wood to J. E. Tuckey, February 2, 1946. 63Ibid. 29 While the committee was in conference on the above date there was considerable discussion over the matter of the presidency of the proposed school. Dr. J. A. Huffman had been meeting as an advisory member of the committee at many of its sessions but he was not going to be available for the February meeting. He, therefore, wrote a letter to Chairman Everest eXpressing his views about the importance and desired qualities Of the president who would be appointed. It was generally assumed that Dr. Huffman would be a natural choice for the presidency since he was so intimately involved in matters Of higher education in the church and had teaching and administrative experience in at least three different colleges. The requisites which Huffman listed in his letter as important qualifications that a candidate should possess indicated that he was disqualifying himself as the prospective first president of an M.B.C. Church school.64 The February 6 meeting did not bring positive results on the Ferris property issue. By February 26 they were still waiting for the Ferris Board to communicate a decision about the $50,000 offer.65 In a few days, however, word was received that the Offer was rejected and the earnest money was returned by the realtor. This brought to an abrupt end six months Of investigation and bartering, and the committee was without any specific leads as to where they might locate a prOperty. The Mishawaka, Indiana Property. The end result was that members of the committee became depressed and divided. A number Of them seemed ready to accept the failure to successfully negotiate the Ferris prOperty 64Letter from J. A. Huffman to Q. J. Everest, January 18, 1946. 65Letter from J. E. Tuckey to Ronald D. Jones, February 26, 1946. 30 as a sign that they should not pursue the establishment of a school at all. Chairman Q. J. Everest, however, was not prepared to allow all the effort made to go down the drain because of this setback. He contacted a South Bend businessman and realtor, Mr. Clifford Gould, regarding prOperty in that area that could be developed into a college campus. In a short time Mr. Gould reported that he had found two prOperites that might qualify. One of these prOperties, located in South Bend, was known as the Herman Light addition. The other site, at the corner of McKinley and Logan streets in Mishawaka, Indiana, was a forty-acre plot owned by Freeman Yeager, a South Bend businessman. Contact was made with Mr. Yeager, who indicated willingness to sell the forty acres and the buildings--a house, clubhouse, horse barn, and an Office for $35,000. Everest called W. E. Manges anl Seth Rohrer, requesting a meeting with them to talk about the Yeager property. After the discussion Mr. Manges wrote a personal check for $500 to hold the property until the Inter- Conference Committee could meet and take official action.66 The committee members from Michigan and Ohio indicated that they felt a responsibility to report to an Official meeting Of their confer- ences before committing them to financial responsibility. On Monday, March 25, Michigan held an informal session Of their delegates and ministers. Less than half of the conference members at- tended and they failed to ratify the proposed purchase.67 The Ohio District had its regular Annual Conference scheduled for March 26 to 29, thus their representatives recommended that the issue 66Personal interview, Q. J. Everest, March 2, 1969. 67Letter from J. E. Tuckey to Q. J. Everest, March 17, 1946. 31 be discussed during one Of the conference sessions. The entire Sixth Session of the Conference was given to the report concerning the school. They then proceeded by passing a resolution rejecting the proposal to purchase the Mishawaka prOperty, instructing their Conference Educational Committee to investigate possible closer alliance with existing schools of similar doctrinal standing.68 The Inter-Conference Educational Committee discussed the various conference decisions and passed the following resolution: Whereas, the Ohio Conference has failed to ratify the proposed Mishawaka, South Bend School site, and whereas the Michigan Conference in a Special informal session also failed to ratify said prOposed purchase, Be it resolved that we as an Inter-Conference Educa- tion Committee terminate our negotiations with Mr. Freeman Yeager for the purchase of said prOperty. However, since the Indiana Conference has paid down the sum Of $500 on the purchase of said property, we would encourage them to proceed to make such decision and disposition as they may deem wise.69 This motion proved to be the last Official action Of the committee. There is no record of any further meetings and the school issue seemed to rest solely in the hands Of the members from Indiana. The Indiana Conference School Committee. The Indiana representa- tives called a special meeting of the Indiana Conference in the early part of April, l946, at Wakarusa, Indiana. They informed the delegates of the decisions made by the Michigan and Ohio Conferences and then 68Ohio Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Englewood, Ohio: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1946), p. 26. 69Michigan Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Cass City, Michigan: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1946), p. 15. -J ‘ Ops a?! .. ‘ h an “r I"! 32 presented information about the Yeager property recommending that the Indiana Conference proceed on its own. A ballot vote was taken and of the eighty-four votes cast, only two were against purchasing the Yeager property for the purpose of establishing a school.70 Since the five representatives on the Inter-Conference Committee would now be working alone, they requested that the Special Conference elect four additional members to the committee. In response to this request two additional ministers (D. Paul Huffman and Kenneth Geiger) and two laymen (Milo Miller and Lowell Hunsberger) were elected. This enlarged committee was renamed the Indiana Conference School Committee. It immediately complied with the action taken at the Special Conference contracting for the purchase of the Yeager prOperty in Mishawaka.71 The first official action of the Indiana Conference School Com. mittee after purchasing the Yeager property was to invite the Michigan and Chio Conferences to reconsider their decisions about participating in the school project. While the door was left open for their involve- ment, it was made clear that the basis for cooperation would need to be negotiated at the time either or both of the Conferences expressed an interest.72 The 1946 Indiana Annual Conference was convened in June. The School Committee reviewed the incidents of the past year bringing the Conference up_to_date on the school situation. This included a report 70Letter from Q. J. Everest to J. E. Tuckey, April 25, 1946. 711ndiana Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Wakarusa, Indiana: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1946), p. 31; ”Minutes of the Indiana Conference School Committee," April 12, 1946. 72'Minutes of the Indiana Conference School Committee,” April 12, 1946. 33 that they had contracted for the purchase of the Yeager prOperty.73 VI. THE INDIAN,“ COIIE‘EPENCE SC'HCOL BOARD The members of the Indiana Conference did not become disheartened over the hesitancy of the Michigan and Ohio Conferences. Instead they forged ahead,passing a resolution in June, 1946, creating a School Board to be incorporated under the laws of the State of Indiana. Whereas, the Indiana Conference has had definite lead- ings and has already taken initial steps toward the Opening of a Junior College and Theological School, a site at Mishawaka- South Bend, having been contracted for, and Whereas, the Opening of an M.B.C. school is of impor- tance, urgency, and no small undertaking, Be it resolved: 1. That the fonference elect a School Board of nine per- sons, five of whom shall be ministers and four laymen, three to be elected for 1 year, 3 for 2 years, and 3 for 3 years. There— after all elections be for three years. 1. That this School Board shall be authorized to incor- porate under the Laws of the State of Indiana. 3. That said Board Shall take all necessary steps toward the Opening of the School in the autumn of 1947. Such steps being the securing of funds, erection of buildings, elect- ing a President who shall organize Departments, arrange curric- ulum and, by the approval of the School Board, secure a necessary faculty. 4. That, in the event all departments oF the School can— not possibly be opened in the autumn of 1947, steps be taken to begin the Theological Dept. at that time. 5. That the School Board be authorized to receive the co-oneration of any other M.B.C. Conferences, in ownership and Operation of the School, which Conferences shall certify to the School Board their desire and readiness for such co_operation. Details for such co—Operation to be agreed upon by the M.B.C. School Board of the Indiana Conference.74 73Indiana Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Wakarusa, Indiana: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1946, p. 31. 74Ibid., p. 36—37. 34 The School Board election resulted in the reappointment of the former nine-man Education Committee. The election was as follows: Warren E. Manges, Quinton J. Everest, and Seth Rohrer were elected for a three—year term. Kenneth Geiger, D. Paul Huffman, and Edgar Freed were elected for a two-year term. Joseph Kimbel, Milo Miller, and Lowell Hunsberger were elected for a one-year term.75 Before the newly elected School Board members left the conference they met for an organizational meeting. The following officers were elected: chairman, Q. J. Everest; secretary, D. Paul Huffman; and treas- urer, Seth A. Rohrer.76 The following week the board met again to establish committees to carry out the various phases of their work. Committees on Publicity, Finance, Buildings and Grounds, Incorporation and By_1aws, and a Search and Screen Committee for a president were appointed.77 Whether these men realized when they agreed to serve that they were going to become a working board is not known, but a cursory examina- tion of the minutes of their meetings reveals that this group of nine men spent many hours working on ideas, plans, and proposals in order to facilitate their goal. As a rule each committee would share its activity and findings at each of the meetings, which were held monthly; The board collectively analyzed the proposals, sometimes making suggestions for the committee to consider between meetings. 751bid., p. 34. 76'Minutes of the School Board of the Indiana Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church,” June 20, 1946. 77Ibid. 35 Within a month's time from their election, the School Board was able to finalize the purchase of the Yeager prOperty in Mishawaka. The following is a copy of the deed which was filed in the St. Joseph County Court House. W ARRANTY DEED Freeman C. Yeager and Helen F. Yeager husband and wife of St. Joseph County State of Indiana To The Indiana Conference of The Mennonite Brethren In Christ, Inc. of Elkhart, County in the State of Indiana its successors and assigns for the sum of $l.00 and other valuable consideration the following Real Estate in St. Joseph County. The Northwest quarter of the Northwest quarter of Section Num. bered Nine (9) in Township Numbered Thirty—seven (37) North, Range Numbered Three (3) East, Containing Forty (40) acres more or less, and now within and a part of the city of Mishawaka. Subject to all legal highways,Reserving to the grantors herein the possession of the premises for a period of sixty days from this date. In Witness Whereof, the said grantors' above named have here- unto set their hands and seals this 24th day of July A.D. 1946. Charles P. Wattles Notary Public Recorded July 29, 1946 Wm. J.Walsh Recorder78 High on the list of priorities of the Board of Education was the selection of a president. Considerable discussion was given to this 78Deed Record St. Joseph County Indiana,Book 407, pp. 254—255. 37. .5. Q‘- 36 issue at several meetings. During the July 20, 1946 meeting, the Com- mittee on the President was instructed to contact Jasper A. Huffman and discuss with him his availability for the position.79 The committee reported at the next meeting that they had twice interviewed Dr. Huffman and had received a letter stating that, "it would be the part of wisdom for me to ask that because of family health considerations, to have my name withdrawn entirely from consideration as a possible head for our new school."80 Dr. Huffman, however, had observed a young man who he felt pos- sessed the qualifications necessary to carry the responsibilities of the presidency for the new school. He indicated to the board that Woodrow I. Goodman, a twenty-seven year old minister who was completing a master's degree at Wheaton College, should be given serious consideration as a candidate. Huffman stated that he saw in Mr. Goodman a man of great vigor, selfless concern and interest in higher education.81 The Committee on the Presidency interviewed Mr. Goodman and pre- sented a report to the board on August 12, 1946. During that meeting Woodrow I. Goodman was elected to be the first President of the school which was to be opened within a year. His election was for a three- year term of office to begin on June 1, 1947.82 79"Minutes of the School Board of the Indiana Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church,” July 20, 1946. 801bid., August 6, 1946. 81Interview with Jasper A. Huffman, March 7, 1969. 82"Minutes of the School Board of the Indiana Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church," August 12, 1946; Ibid., September 10, 1946. 37 Meanwhile, the Committee on Buildings and Grounds had begun to investigate possible approaches to solve space needs of the school they planned to Open in September, 1947. They were unable to come to any conclusion in the fall of 1946 and actual construction of buildings was delayed until the following spring. Because of the scarcity of steel during the post war period, the board gave serious consideration to con- structing a number of prefabricated buildings to serve as offices, class— rooms and dormitories.83 They were, however, interested in constructing more permanent buildings if at all possible. This caused them to engage representatives from Trinity Builders of Chicago to present plans for a building which would contain space for offices, classrooms, dining facil- ities, and possible temporary dormitory space.84 For a while it appeared that the board was going to forego build- ing a permanent type building and attempt to open the school by con- structing a large number of Steelox one—story buildings which measured twenty-four feet by thirty_two feet.85 Finally, by the middle of April, 1947, they decided to at least construct the basement section of a three— floor building that would be of a permanent structure. It was concluded that the basement portion of this building, supported by a limited num- ber of the Steelox buildings, would be sufficient to care for the space needs for the first year of the school. They set about to accomplish this task in the next four months.86 R3Ibid., December 5, 1946. 84Ibid., January 9, 1947.; Ibid., February 4, 1947. 851bid., March 4, 1947.; Ibid., April 12, 1947. 861bid. t o 5.}.-- INA! Dov-x W9 rt 5.1.9.: 6'. J «.5 1 ‘1.” " um I . av- "v‘. 13 :L I ('D .‘11 38 The board, faced with the matter of publicity and recruitment of students, needed to name the college quickly since printed materials should carry the name of the school. Articles of Incorporation and By- laws also required a college name. In the summer of 1946 printed infor- mation circulated about the prOposed school carried an invitation to interested members of the church to suggest a name for the institution. In response to this circular, Jasper A. Huffman wrote a letter suggest. ing the name “Bethel College.” He listed several reasons why he felt this name should be given serious consideration. Foremost in his think- ing was that it ”is a Bible name with beautiful suggestiveness. It came of a Hebrew compound meaning House of God." He also noted that "our institution is supposed to place all possible religious emphasis upon all courses, and specialize in the Biblical. This name will splendidly accommodate itself to College, Theological College, or Seminary work."87 The School Board of the Indiana Conference made its decision to name the school Bethel College in January, 1947.88 Articles of Incorporation which were approved by the board were filed with the Secretary of the State of Indiana on March 5, 1947.89 The next month the By-laws of Bethel College, Inc., were adOpted.90 After many years of struggle and hours of hard work by members 87Letter from Jasper A. Huffman to Education Committee of the M.B.C. Church, August 26, 1946. The handwritten letter of Mr. Huffman is still in excellent condition. A c0py is included in the appendix of dussumy. 88"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," January 9, 1947. 89Ibid., February 4, 1947; Ibid., March 4, 1947. 90Ibid., April 12, 1947. Copies of the Articles of Incorporation and Eyelaws may be found in the Appendix. [J ‘1 «a 39 of the board and other interested individuals, the Mennonite Brethren in Christ.Church could finally say they had a college. There were many tasks that still needed to be accomplished before they could, in fact, announce that Bethel College was in Operation; however, they had a forty-acre campus which was now known as Bethel College. They were also formally organized and rapidly coordinating plans for buildings, curriculum, faculty, library and student recruitment. They were moving ahead with faith and confidence that Bethel College would be in full Operation in September of 1947. VII. THE MICHIGAN, OHIO AND NEBRASKA CONFERENCES JOIN THE COLLEGE ENDEAVOR For a period of time it appeared that Bethel College would be founded and Operated by one conference or district of the church -- the Indiana Conference. This, however, did not happen. The Michigan and Ohio Conferences exhibited an interest in the work of the Indiana Con— ference School Board and occasionally sent representatives to the board meetings. At one of these meetings the representatives from Michigan requested information regarding the basis on which they might be read- mitted to the project. The Indiana School Board responded by passing the following resolution: 1. The Michigan Conference shall be admitted on equal basis of ownership and Operation. 2. The Michigan Conference shall make a preliminary solicitation for funds for the payment of grounds and prOperty; a general membership financial drive shall follow within the Conference year for funds for school finances. 3. The current membership of the nine members from the Indiana Conference and five from Michigan shall constitute the Board until their respective annual conferences, at which time each conference shall elect five members to the Board of Educa— tion. Michigan may, however, if they so elect, increase their 4O membership to nine until their annual conference at which time elections shall be conducted in accordance with the Constitution and By—Laws of the Institution and the Board.91 The Michigan Conference considered the proposal holding two Special conferences to discuss the issue. They finally decided to take the necessary steps to join Indiana in the school project92 and were admitted into full cooperation at the March, 1947, meeting of the Bethel Board.93 The Ohio Conference also had representatives at the March meet- ing of the Bethel Board. They indicated that there was a growing inter- est among their constituency toward the proposed school.94 During their Annual Conference held in March, 1947, the Ohio District voted to COOperate in the school project electing board repre- sentatives as outlined in Article IV of the By-laws.95 The first item on the agenda of the April, 1947, meeting of the Bethel College Board of Directors was a report from the representatives from Ohio. A motion was then passed to accept the Chio Conference as a cooperating district in the establishment of the college with the elected representatives being made members Of the Board.96 9lIbid., August 6, 1946. 92Michigan Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Brown City, Michigan: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, 1947), p. 33. 93"Minutes of the Bethel College Board of Directors," March 4, 1947. 94Ibid. 95Ohio Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Gettysburg, Ohio: Mennonite Brethren in Christ Giurch, I947) , p. 34. 96"Minutes of the Bethel College Board of Directors," April 12, 1947. ee' .1“ -‘u- O... .CH ,- I!— F? ()l 41 Approximately three years had now passed since the 1944 Indiana Conference acted to take the necessary steps to establish a church school. The decision of these two conferences to join in the endeavor gave added impetus to the board in their effort to indeed open the doors of Bethel College within six months. Although the Nebraska District had been included in the invita- tion to attend meetings concerned with establishing a church school, they did not indicate much interest in the project. After Bethel was in Operation for one year members of the Board of Directors initiated con- tact with the Nebraska Conference officials.97 Since no official action was taken by the Nebraska District at its next two conferences, another proposal was made by the chairman of Bethel's Board.98 After consider- ing this proposal, the Nebraska Conference, meeting in August, 1950, voted to affiliate with the college and elected two representatives to the Board.99 In their meeting the following month the Board Of Directors of Bethel passed a resolution officially admitting Nebraska to affiliation: Whereas the Nebraska Conference has taken official action on August 29, 1950 to affiliate with Bethel College and has officially communicated this intention, be it resolved that their action be approved and that the Nebraska Conference be recognized and granted full rights and privileges as accorded by the Constitution and By—Laws.100 97Ibid., September 21, 1948. 981bid., March 14, 1950. 99Nebraska Annual Conference, Conference Journal, (Weeping Water, Nebraska: United Missionary Church, l§§0), p. 16. 100"Minutes Of the Board of Directors of Bethel College", September 19, 1950. 42 With the Nebraska Conference included in the college endeavor all of the United Missionary Churches in the Midwest were now affiliated with a church school. The four conferences claimed a total of about 6,500 church mem. bers. Collectively they were tackling a large task. Could they success- fully Operate a college? CHAPTER I II THE FIRST PRES IDENIZY Woodrow I. Goodman was named first president of Bethel College in August of 1946. Although his term of Office was not to begin officially until June 1, 1947, the Board of Directors requested his immediate assist- ance in perfecting plans to open the school. Goodman managed to simul- taneously honor this request and complete the requirements for the Mas- ter of Arts degree in Biblical Literature.1 The twelve years of the Goodman administration, June, 1947, to July of 1959, were to be preoccupied with five critical problems related to the develOpment of the new college. First and foremost was the ac- quisition of physical space to house classes and administrative Offices, student services and dormitory facilities to accommodate unmarried stu- dents as well as married couples. A second problem, inextricably bound to physical plant expansion, was the need to acquire funds for develOpment and Operation through a fiscally conservative board. A third problem centered on the recruitment of an academically qualified core of instruc- tors. Fourth was the need to expand the curriculum of the college to embrace secular as well as sacred educational training. And fifthly, Goodman had to monitor the development of a style Of student life in a manner which would satisfy the needs and desires of the students but not ostracize the conservative groups within the church who advocated rigid 1The South Bend Tribune, June 11, 1947, p. 8; "Minutes of the School Board of the Indiana Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church," August 12, 1946. 43 44 restrictions on conduct. Most persons will agree that President Goodman demonstrated unusual skill and administrative persuasiveness in meeting the challenging areas of develOpmental problems. I. BILGR.‘PHIT.‘.L CI’IFITIH OF PRESIDENT GC‘CD?~".I\N Woodrow I. Goodman was born at Clive Hill, Kentucky on August 21, 1918, the sixth of eight children born to Rev. and Mrs. William P. Goodman. William Goodman was an ordained minister in the Pilgrim Holiness Church, but farmed and had other employment. Mr. Goodman attended grade school in Yentucky and Ohio and graduated with honors from Lebanon High School, Lebanon, Ohio, in May, 1935. That fall he enrolled at Marion College, Marion, Indiana, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Science degree in education in June, 1939. While a stu— dent at Marion he earned a four—year letter in debate and served as pre— sident of the Student Council. He was also elected by the faculty to Who's Who in American Universities and Colleges. Goodman continued his education in the summer of 1939 enrolling in graduate courses at Miami University at Oxford, Ohio. On September 30, 1939 he married B. Marie Everest. They have three children, Annetta Marie, born November 12, 1940; Dennis Rae, born September 24, 1944 and Sandra Kae, born May 30, 1952. During the 1939-40 school year Goodman taught in the public school in Trenton, Ohio until he moved to Indiana in June, 1940 to join the Indiana Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church. He was assigned the pastorate of the Indiana Chapel Church near Lakeville, Ind- iana where he remained for three years until 1943. In June, 1943 he moved to an M.B.C. Church near Bronson, Michigan where he served until 45 June, 1945. While at Bronson, Goodman decided to continue his education by making plans to enroll at Wheaton College Graduate School in Wheaton, Illinois. TO help finance these plans he taught at the Bronson High School during the 1944-45 school year. In June, 1945 Goodman enrolled at Wheaton as a part—time student since he was also employed full-time to support his family. The require- ments of the Masters degree were a little more than half completed when the Indiana Conference School Board approached Goodman about the presidency of Bethel College in August of 1946. He received the Master of Arts in Biblical Literature in June, 1947, the same month he began his tenure as president. At the close of his fifth year at Bethel (1952), Taylor University, Upland, Indiana, awarded Goodman the honorary Doctor of Divinity degree. Four years later, 1956, Houghton College, Houghton, New York, granted him the honorary Doctor of Letters degree for his work as the first pre_ sident of Bethel College.2 II. PHYSICAL PLANT DEVIL'IDPI'lENT One Of the most pressing problems facing the Board of Directors in their preparation to open the school was the development of a physical plant. Mr. Goodman spent many hours working with the board on these pro- blems even before his tenure began. 2Data for this biographical sketch was obtained from various sources: Personnel File, Office of the Dean at Bethel College; Biograph- ical sketch in the Archives at Bethel College; Who's Who in America, Vol 34. (Chicago: A.N. Marquis Co., 1968), p. BOIT—-—.__—-——-._—-_—- 46 Initial Physical Plant Arrangements. In a report to the Board of Directors in March, 1948, President Goodman reviewed the quick succession of make—shift physical plant arrangements that characterized the early efforts to get the college Opened. A clubhouse was converted into a library. A barn was remodeled into a men's dormitory. Fourteen prefabri- cated steel buildings were purchased and hastily erected for use as dormitories and faculty housing.3 In the later part of March, 1947, ground had been broken for the erection of the first new permanent structure--an administration build- ing.4 However, only the basement level of the structure was completed in time for the Opening of school. A kitchen, a dining hall (which was also used as a chapel) and four classrooms occupied this area.5 Indeed, as things turned out in the years to follow, progress in the first year was dynamic in comparison to later development. Financial problems and an absence of campus and physical plant planning led to a series of monor disasters which virtually halted developments. In December, 1947, in a special meeting, the Board of Directors assessed the financial condition of the college and ordered all further construction on the administration building halted until current indebted- ness was secured and money made available to continue.6 3"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 9, 1948, p. l. 4The South Bend Tribune, March 28, 1947, p. 15 51b1d., September 11, 1947, p. 9. 6"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," December 30, 1947. 47 Two months later, in response to urgings of its Building and Grounds Committee, the board relaxed its ruling to allow construction to begin on a utility building to provide a trailer park for married students.7 Even before the foundation for this modest structure was completed, the project was abandoned when it was learned that a private owner was plan- ning to develOp a similar facility on property that adjoined the south edge of the campus. The prospective builder indicated that married stu- dents would be given preference for locating their mobile homes in the park.8 The Buildings and Grounds Committee responded to Goodman's urging that a critical need existed for science laboratory facilities. He pro- posed that materials that had been purchased be used to construct the first wing of a science building. The board agreed to begin construction immediately and a tiny concrete block building was erected at a cost of $6000, housing one laboratory and a small classroom. It was designed, of course, so that additional wings could be added. Unfortunately, as the campus develOped it became apparent that a science structure would need to be erected elsewhere on the campus. The unused structure still stands but is scheduled for demolition when the construction of a library building begins.9 7Ibid., March 9, 1948. 8"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," September 21, 1994, p. 1. 9"Minutes of the Board of Directors Of Bethel College," September 21, 1948. 48 The Completion of the Administration Building. A new impetus to the building program was introduced largely through the involvement of Dr. Jasper A. Huffman. Speaking to the board at their September, 1949 meet. ing, Huffman emphasized the critical need to complete the Administration Building if the College was going to move forward. In response to his challenge, a special meeting of the board was planned for October to re- view the financial status Of the college and to further consider the com- pletion of the building.10 Additionally, Dr. Huffman offered to contribute the royalties from the sale of his books, prOposing that these funds be placed in an account designated for the completion of the Administration Building. Though the board held additional meetings, it failed to move very rapidly on the proposed project. Dr. Huffman did not, however, let this deter him.11 On his own, he established a five-member group known as the "Bethel College Building Fellowship." He led this committee tO commit themselves to a pledge of $16,000 and urged the membership to contact others for cash and pledges.12 The success of this group sparked a similar action on the campus of Bethel. A joint faculty-student committee formulated plans for the solicitation Of funds. The faculty and students each named three repre- sentatives to join with President Goodman to form a committee of seven.13 This group organized plans for a fund-raising chapel with an initial goal IOIbid. 111bid., October 17, 1949. 121bid., March 14, 1950. 13"Minutes Of the Faculty Of Bethel College," January 31, 1950. :". 1... . .\. 4., ». ¥ .“. (;C ~ "~ ‘H. ._ "1p. h.‘ ‘ up: 1 s 1‘. ':l’e‘ ‘. . I t. C '0 l: 3 T I . K 9“ ‘- C a.) 49 of $70C0. By the close of the chapel program pledges totaling $10,966 were tabulated. The total cash and pledge commitment to the "Bethel Building Fellowship" reached $31,700 by March, 1950. To these funds were added monies earned on a "student work day"; students did a day's work in the community and donated their pay to the college.14 The cumulative success of the Huffman committee and student- faculty fund raising efforts influenced the Board of Directors to approve plans to proceed with work on the Rdministration Building, within the limits of available finances. However, the strong stand against borrow- ing funds was maintained and the board restated that no borrowed funds were to be considered available financing. President Goodman estimated that the upper two floors could be completed and equipped for approxi- mately $70,C00, if the college would act as the contractor and employ a construction superintendent. He suggested construction could develop in two stages: (1) construct the shell of the building at a cost some- where between $35,000 and $40,000; (2) complete and equip the building at an estimated cost of $30,000.15 A plan to complete phase one by the end of the summer of 1950 was approved but hindered by delays. The final blueprints of the build- ing were not approved by state Officials until early summer. Building materials were also difficult to get because Of shortages attributed to the involvement of the United States in Korea. These problems caused 14"President's Report to the Board Of Directors of Bethel College," March 14, 1950, pp. 3, 13; The South Bend Tribune, February 17, 1950, p. 6. 15"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 14, 1950; "President's Report to the Board of Directors Of Bethel College," March 14, 1950, p. 3. o. in .u. ‘-i L F , -.‘ v:‘ ‘v. -. AI .\ .D . 'h 'V _. . . 50 delays which made the fidmin‘stration Building unavailable for use until the end of Seotemwer. Since there was very little space available for classrooms the fall semester of 1050 was not started until October 2.16 The fact that the completed shell did not add to useable space led immediately to firm expression of Opinion that phase two must be started at once even if money had to be borrowed.17 As a hedge against the necessity of borrowing, a Thanksgiving offering was planned in the supporting conferences of the church and another student-facultv pledge drive was authorized. These ventures were successful enough to warrant a decision to proceed with dispatch on phase two.19 A factor which influenced the members of the Board to proceed was the memory of the excellent collection rate on the pledges from the stu- dents and faculty. Their first campaign had netted about $500 more in cash than initial pledges. a large portion of these funds were received from students, a majority of whom were working to pay part or all of their college expenses.19 Construction progressed so rapidly that it was possible to dedi- cate the building in conjunction with the baccalaureate service in June, 1951. It was indeed a gratifying experience for the 1951 graduating class, the class that entered as freshmen the year Bethel's doors first 16Ibid., September, 1950, p. 2. 17"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," Sept- ember, 19, 1950. 18Ibid., March 13, 1951. 19"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel Col— lege," March 13, 1951, p. l. .n—.' '5 .13 ’q lug .Li‘ NM: h J ‘4‘ in: 51 opened, to be seated in the chapel on the third floor of the newly com~ pleted building for the commencement program.2O Besides the chapel, the completed structure provided space for a library, administrative offices and additional classrooms.21 The Construction of Goodman Auditorium and Shupe Hall. During the March, 1952 Board of Directors meeting, President Goodman presented an "Advance Bethel Crusade" proposal which was a seven-point program blueprinting the future of the institution. The sixth point related to dormitory facilities. A master plan for a dormitory unit which would house from 125 to 135 students was presented, the estimated cost of which was about $150,000. It was proposed that an annuity fund drive cover this expenditure. The board however did not take immediate action on the prOposal.22 The seventh point in the crusade proposed the construction of a physical education building. During the 1951—52 school year students and faculty had discussed the raising of sufficient funds for facilities that would provide a place for indoor recreation. They had raised more than $25,000 for the Administration Building in a two year period so it was suggested that a four—year fund raising plan might cover the cost of a gymnasium and heating plant as the first unit of a physical education 2O'Ihe South Bend Tribune, June 3, 1951, p. 18 and June 4, 1951, p. 4. Among the nineteen graduates who comprised the class of 1951 was the writer of this account. See Table XXI, Appendix C for a list of the number of graduates by year of graduation. 2libid. 22"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," and "Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 11, 1952. 52 building. The board approved the plan of student sponsored fund raising for such a project with a proviso that construction not begin until eighty percent of the cost was available in cash, and work not progress beyond cash and pledges for the project.23 The initial pledge drive to raise funds was quite successful, but in the next two the students fell far short of their goals. By the end of the third year of the campaign only $22,000 had been raised toward the project.24 Dr. Goodman told the students and faculty that the prospect of constructing a gymnasium depended almost entirely on the success of their pledge drives since the board was too involved with debt liquidation and dormitory needs to give any assistance toward that project.25 The Pre— sicent attempted to support the students in their desire for a recreation- a1 facility by keeping the constituency of the church informed through The Bethel Herald, which was published by his office. In one issue, when reporting on a pledge drive by the students, he said, "No one can see the great need for such a building as the students at the college."26 The President's interest in helping the students achieve their goal did not, however,distract his attention from the dormitory needs. He made reference to this need in one way or another in practically every report he made to the board. In the spring of 1955 he confided to the board that, 73Ibid. 247he Bethel Herald, Vol. 3, No. 3, February, 1956, pp. 1-4. 25Tbid., Vol. 1, No. 4, February. 1954, pp- 1-4- 261514., Vol. 2, No. 3, December, 1954, p. 4. ‘1 :, .\‘ IA‘ 53 Balanced budgets, debt liquidations and a new dormitory all seem like insurmountable mountains that require a miracle for their accomplishment. Wise planning, diligent effort, and Divine blessing is the recipe for the accomplishment of this miracle. By God's grace I believe it can be done.27 While the board was concerning itself with these issues the stu- dents were contrivinq methods to get enough funds to construct what they began to call an "auditorium_gymnasium" building. In February of 1956 student leaders proposed to their fellow students and the faculty that they raise an additional $10,000 in a pledge drive. If successful, they would have cash and pledges equal to approximately seventy-five percent of the cost of the shell of the prOposed structure. The challenge was met, for they netted $10,258.28 With this information impressed on their minds, the Board of Directors approved plans for construction as soon as a detailed set of blueprints could be approved.29 Construction got underway in the fall of 1956. The student body volunteered countless hours of labor on the project and continued to sponsor "Zommunity Work Days“ to raise additional funds for materials.30 Construction costs exceeded the initial estimate by a considerable amount which stopped construction before the roof was completed. The Students rallied for a fifth fund drive using the slogan "Let's Raise the Roof," 27"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 15. 1955. p. 4. 28The South Bend Tribune, February 9, 1956, p. 32. 29"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 13, 1956, p. 6. 30The South Bend Tribune, October 17, 1956, p. 47 and October 28, 1956, p. 49. 54 once again succeeding and the Tenth Anniversary Commencement was held in the new structure.31 In the fall of 1957, even though many segments of the auditorium. gymnasium remained unfinished, President Goodman urged the board to take Specific steps toward constructing a women's dormitory. They responded favorably, organizing a committee to promote and implement the dormitory project.32 By the summer of 1958 sufficient funds were raised in cash, pledges and loans to begin construction.33 In the fall of 1958 a senior student, Lois Luesing, described the new building as follows: A three-story dormitory with many unique features that make it an attraction to future students is being completed on Bethel College Campus. Each room has a six—foot picture window which will have draperies. In the room itself the student will enjoy a twin bed with box springs and mattress and a desk and chair of her own. The room is further equipped with a matching eight-drawer double dresser, large mirror, and a built-in closet with doors from floor to ceiling. . . The rooms are designed as suites housing four girls with each two rooms sharing an adjoin- ing bath which will be finished in ceramic tile. . . AS a senior it looks as though I came to college four years too soon.34 By March, 1959, the dormitory was basically completed so plans were made to have dedication services for both the auditorium—gymnasium and the residence hall after the Baccalaureate Service on May 31, 1959.35 Appreciative students circulated a petition expressing the desire to have the new residence hall named Goodman Hall in honor of Dr. Goodman. 31The Bethel Herald, Vol. 4, No. 4, June, 1957, p. 1. 32"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," September 17, 1957. 33The South Bend Tribune, July 20, 1958, p. 41 34The Bethel Herald, Vol. 6, No. 1, October, 1958, p. 2. 351bid., Vol. 6, No. 4, April, 1959, pp. 2-3. 55 The petition was presented to the faculty, who recommended to the Dedica- tion Committee that the auditorium-gymnasium be named Goodman Auditorium and the residence hall be named Shupe Hall in honor of Francis L. Shupe who served the college as dean of women from its founding.36 On the day of dedication, accounts about the two buildings appear- ed in The South Bend Tribune. One, written by Roger Birdsell, read as follows: The college that is almost literally pulling itself up by its own bootstraps pauses today to dedicate its two newest build- ings, a gymnasium-auditorium and a women's dormitory. . . . The bootstrap effort is particularly noticeable in the auditor- ium. Students and faculty members have contributed all of the $42,319 in cash and pledges currently invested in the structure. In addition, much of the actual construction work has been done by students and faculty members. Some of the student cash con- tributions have been raised by annual fall and spring work days. The building still is not finished. A wooden gymnasium floor is still to be installed over the concrete floor; bleachers to be installed, and shower and dressing rooms and four classrooms to be finished. The girls' dormitory, which houses 92 coeds, has been erected with $80,000 in cash and pledges from members of the United Mis- sionary Church and $150,000 in loans. . . .37 III. FISCAL POLICIES AND THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Chief Executive and the Board of Directors. In no other area of administrative concern were Goodman's talent and adeptness shown than in dealing with matters related to financing the operation and develop. ment of the new college. It soon became evident that President Goodman 36"Minutes of the Faculty of Bethel College," April 6, 1959. 37The South Bend Tribune, May 31, 1959, p. 17. 56 was deeply committed to translating visions and dreams into tangible realities and it became equally evident that he had abundant and abiding faith in his conviction that God was at the helm of the venture to build Bethel College. After one year in office, Goodman urged the Board of Directors that: Truly, we must marvel at the provision of God for the accomplishment of this tremendous task. To some of us the day by day changes have been so near to us that we tend to lose sight of the entire project in its relationship to the past and future.3 Indeed the day by day progress toward the development of a sound fiscal policy was painfully slow during the early years of Goodman's administration. The Board of Directors was dominated by the spirit of fiscally conservative clergy and men involved in small business Operations who knew that dollars were hard won and that spending beyond one's means was at best a perilous venture. The Board of Directors was a surprisingly stable one in member- ship. The limited turnover in membership indicates that those character- istics which tended to restrict development involving dollar expenditures were dominant throughout most of the years of Goodman's tenure. In fact two officers of the board, the treasurer and the secretary, served the entire twelve years of the first presidency. The stability of the board produced one decided asset for the President: a leadership characterized by intense familiarity with both the grand scheme and the mundane detail of the developing campus. Such a simultaneous awareness kept too-visionary scheming in check at the same time that it helped breathe life into the gradual realization of 38"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 9, 1948, p. l. y.. (Y! 'p pg. u: l v ~c H I I) k) l v 57 long—range goals. If occasionally the board appeared to make some deci- sions which were shortsighted, the ultimate asset of the conservatism in spending was to maintain the economy of the school very nearly in the black. Early in his career as president, Woodrow Goodman wittingly or unwittingly came upon a two-pronged formula for confronting the patterned reaction from the board to requests for spending ("borrowed capital is not available financing"). First of all, Goodman, who was clearly a protege of Jasper Huffman, endlessly rediscovered the value of that man's dynamic and unswerving approaches to impasses. Dr. Huffman was apparently incapable of recognizing any serious, impenetrable barriers to any goals which were in essential ways good for the church, for youth, and conducive to the expression of man's God—directed attitudes on the face of this earth. It is not in the least difficult to Speculate that Goodman turned often and gladly to the energetic church leader for counsel and support for the needs of the college as Goodman perceived them. It was equally clear that Huffman had an unqualified and unswerving respect for President Goodman and his approach to the administration of Bethel College. Even at certain points where one might suspect there could exist some degree of discrepency in approaches to issues, Huffman is revealed as showing firm and unqualified support for and conviction in the Goodman position. A second administrative faculty developed by President Goodman was his capacity to involve the total college community in the fiscal problems it faced. This technique was not only effective, but was destined to become institutionalized in the student and faculty bodies for years to come. There are few indications that Goodman sought admin- istrative credit for his leadership in stimulating student and faculty Fl,,.. b Io. . V .AA‘! ..»*0 ~ol v $4.. .vn« u.,. -t. x. "‘2’ no .u ‘! a n. 4 tn,” u-..‘ eat 3“» «2" 58 giving. In fact there is better evidence in the literature that President Goodman pointed with considerable pride to the "spontaneous" emergence of Spirited work and effort on the part of his faculty and student body to strengthen the fiscal health of the youthful college. However, in the final analysis, it was clearly President Goodman's ability to foster and organize this participation that moved the college closer to its develOp- ment toward becoming a viable educational institution. On several occa— sions money raised in the college community represented sufficient cash on hand to energize the Board of Directors to commit itself to borrowing capital in order to eXpedite development. There is evidence that the Board of Directors was generally very pltased with President Goodman's administration. A subcommittee of the board that was appointed to give counsel to the president seldom made reports except to commend the executive officer. Their expressions of appreciation usually included reference to Goodman's tireless and effic- ent leadership as well as his devotion to his task.39 In 1959 the board passed a resolution regarding Goodman and his administration: That we, the Board of Directors, express our heartfelt appreciation to him for many years of invaluable services rend- ered in the development of our college; for his untiring labors and oversight in its material development; and above all, for his devoted spiritual leadership and deep concern for our spirit- ual growth and for the influence he has had in the lives of our youth."40 39”Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel Collrge," September 16, 1952 and September 18, 1956. 4olvid., March 10, 1959. The Financial Situation From 1947-59. It would be erroneous to L _ leave the impression that the board itself was uninvolved in the problem of raising funds for the college. Perhaps apprOpriately, the board cen- tered the focus of its attention on raising dollars among the constituents in the supporting conferences. Indeed Bethel College had suffered finan- cially from the beginning because the church had not provided any endow- ment to help develOp it. The group of men who felt there was a need for a church-related school set out to get it started even though they had no funds at the time. The only possible way to Open the college in September, 1947, was to immediately borrow funds to acquire the necessary buildings and equip- ment to accommodate a student body that didn't exist but which leaders of the college program had faith would develop. This faith was rewarded in that a student body of nearly one hundred did enroll the first year. The student body,}uywever, did not pay enough in tuition and fees to cover the total operating expenses, let alone pay on a large initial investment that had been consummated. By December, 1947, the Financial Committee of the Board reported that $163,000 had been borrowed to get the school started. They immediately introduced five prOposals to the board members: (1) That no further construction of buildings take place until the cur- rent indebtedness was covered and money was available for the cost of further buildings; (2) That they promote giving by the church constit- uency with $5,000 a month as the minimum goal; (3) That a plan for the securing of annuity contracts be established; (4) That immediate needs be met by securing loans from the three cooperating conferences for a total of $120,000; (5) That each church conference engage a man to 60 secure funds for the college.41 The first four prOposals were adOpted. The responsibility to con- summate the intent of the fifth prOposal was delegated to the superintend— ent of each conference.42 A financial campaign had been started in the South Bend—Mishawaka community in the fall of 1947, but it met with very little success.43 A professional fund raiser who was employed was discharged in the early part of 1948, and the board pursued the pattern outlined in December.44 By the end of the first fiscal year the college was in debt by $201,000. (See Table I.) The operating income for the 1947-48 school year was $8,384 below the operating expense. The total indebtedness was eighty percent of the total assets of $249,869. This was a gloomy picture but the board could derive some comfort in the fact that in 1946-47 $33,681 and in 1947-48 $58,765 was contri- buted to the various funds of the college. They decided to pursue a per- son to person contact within the constituency of the church to obtain cash and pledges on a three-year basis. Rev. Vernon Yousey, Assistant to the President for Field Representation, gave a large portion of his time to this work. The effort was not without some success for during the next three years, from 1948 to 1951, the funds raised for the college were $52,220; $62,853; and $91,083 respectively. However, the 1950—51 year included money that was raised for the completion of the Administra- tion Building. Though the net decrease in total indebtedness was only 41"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel Collegec" December 30, 1947. qzlbid. 43Ibid. 44Ibid., March 9, 1948. 61 sss.00mu mmoa umz -0.0m- -m.m- -m.~0- mHm.0s~ m0m.00s m0m.0H mmm.vH 000.HOH aev.00m . 00.00 a 0muemm- -0.e- as.s- -.00H- 0mm.mHH mmfi.mmv 00H.ms 0am 0m0.0sa HvH.0sH 0MH r . emusmms .m.e- -0.m- -0.¢0fi- -00.0H»- 0m~.~HH H0H.0vv >00.~H 0vH.s mum.mmH v00.mmH . s 00H 50-0mm- -m.m- -s.0H- Ae.0m- -0m.mm- smv.0m Hmm.mpm m00.va H05.v mso.0ma smv.mMH . . 0mH emummmfi -m.0~c -0.ms- .m.s0- sma.-- 00m.0sm m0¢.0a sv~.m can.0-H Hmm.HNH . r . mmuvmm- -H.Hm- .p.vH- -.m0- m00.sflfi mmm.ssm mmm.0a 00-.m mm0.0HH mmm.m-H . r . emummmfi -m.mm- -v.m- -0.~0- -0m.sm- s0¢.m- 0m0.vsm mas.m 000.m m0m.~0H ~m0.0H- . r 0mg mmummms -m.0¢- .0.0- -m.00- sma.smd H00.00m ~0~.0 mam mso.mm 000.m0 : 00.0w . mmnamm- -s.s¢- -m.0- -v.mm- -00.0m- msm.HsH 00H.0mm Hoe.m m~0.v Hmv.em 00v.00 r 00.mv 00 Hmuomm- -H.m0- -0.s- -m.~0- 0mv.00H esfi.0mm vm0.m 0s¢.m 000.Hs 00H.ss . r . omumvm- -.ss- -N.NH- -m.0r- 000.m0~ www.mom sm~.0 mam.0H m0-.00 0-0.0s ma- 3 . mauevma -v.0m- -v.0H0 Am.0m- -00.mm- 000.H0mm 00m.0emw 000.m m vmm.m an Hmm.~m » mH0.00 a mofim 0m.smm 00 » releva- Auummn< umoo um Amuufio chow “.mxm ou oncomxm moouegu momumcu A.um wom- wo v- muommc scum .ocH no .ocH v- .uouwma pumom Boom undo: pouboch .Esoo< .umo «- mmoq oEoocH deuce woumofiwm Hoax meoocH >meo> .umwomo 0H HOW sauce undo fiance sadness umHHOp umowooc ou co>fim newsman mmmalhvma mOb mfiucm A U> U> auumwcfiz umxuwnmccwm .m xmm .m as x x x x x x x x x x x mmocamsm umfifiaz .m can: .e m x x x zuumacaz memes: .m :muums .w HH x x x x x x x x x x x wuumacaz flanges .: summon .m NH m m m m m m m m m m m mmmcamsm assuage Hsmm .o .v m we we o o x x x x suumacaz ummaoo .m :uoccox .m e x x x x x x x amenamsm vmwum unmom .m «H x x x x x o o o o o o shamans: amoum>m .n coucaso .F azauozH mummy an am am mm vm mm mm Hm om me me av conmmmuoua suommuno deuce vv>u0m munow no quuumwo i“ IH ceaumcwaocov ozu no unaccoucwuoasm Houwcwo I m0 uvuamowue I a xucuouoom I m casuannu oow> I U> cusuucnu I U uwnevz canon I x “ocommg mmmthvma 20mm meOMPdu mMIBO m0 BOHmfimHD mumDmU rm EUMAAOU ANIBMQ ho mmOBUNMHD ho om<0m mzfi b0 ZOHmmmbomm 62¢ wUH>mmm m0 2mm? HH NaméP 65 a x wuumacwz msem .m mammsm .NH H x mmmcemsm mcoeaam .o anew .Hn A x mmocemnm uumnoaom coouoo .0H m x x x auumecez comummm .3 oosum .o m x x x x x x x x mmwcamsm umxoonmccmm .m Hams .m m x x x x x x x x x suumacaz menus: .o wmuowu .e o x x x x x x shamaca: comouumz .q umeom .o H x mmmCMmsm memoa .A cw>H¢ .m m x x x moonwmsm Cowmcnon .A COwumz .v m x x x x x x x x x endgame momma .m ommon .m m x x xuumHCez mmomusm .M Emefifiez .N NH x x x x x x x x x x x x >uumacaz mmmmusm .n xunz .H zumm dune» uo UUMuUmHa financeucoo. Ha momae 66 m x x x museums camauumm .> ccoasmm .m o x x x x x x suumacaz umsuao .m .m .m an o o o o> o> x x x x x x wuumacaz amazom .m vacuum .H ono m x x mmvcfimsm made» .> «Hag .w m x x x x x shamans: menum .q “wuamz .m v x x x x suumaca: sexuaum .e sow .v v x x x x maneumm sflnmum .3 anon .m m x x x unaeuem mcexmo: .4 can .m e x x x x x x x shamans: mcaxmo: .e magma .H a m x x x >uumacaz woos .m .n .0H as x x x x x x x x x x x x mmmcamsm mafia: .> na>mo .mH a x mmuchsm woman> .U umwcum .va «a x x x x x o> o> o> o> o> o> o> auumacaz saxuse .u anon .mH nuoo» mm em mm mm vm mm «m an em me me av scammououm suommuoo deuce oo>uom «new» no unwuumwo Acwscaucoov H H 39:. Append uh ‘ no uhalvnhv v w” H. HIN Rh (NIH. 67 H x >uumacaz wmaz wH>HumU .m H x coflum096m mCOmumm .m nuuccww .H miegzmmmmmmm szoqa NH x x x x x x x x x x x x coauuusmm :maeooo .H soucooz ezmonmma o x x x x x x >uumacaz coaumEEaN .o .z .m m x x x x x x x x x coaumosom daemons .m eHHa>uo .e m x x x auumacaz samuuam .m cafixcmue .o N x x shyness: souanwz .4 aflmzon .m m x x x x x x x x suumacaz gaseous .4 ummuuom .v mummy mm Nm mm mm cm mm Nm an om me we Ne scammououm snoomuoo Houoe vo>uwm name» no vowuumwo Reuscaucoo. HH mqm<8 llllllhunnuuuuu 68 forty—four different individuals served on the board for a period of one to twelve years during the presidency of Woodrow Goodman. The Michigan District had the greatest number of different individuals, sixteen. The Indiana District had eleven, (hi0 eight and the Nebraska District, which was associated with the college nine years of the period under considera— tion, had six different men serve. The ratio of ministers to laymen shows a fairly consistent pat— tern in representation. Chic had three ministers and one layman on the board each of the twelve years. Ministers comprised seventy—five percent of tflieir representation. Michigan had a ratio of four ministers to three laymen each year, which was fifty-seven percent of their membership. Indiana had three ministers and four laymen each year making forty-three Percent of their representatives ministers. Beginning with 1952, when they had three representatives on the board, Nebraska had a consistent ratio of two ministers to one layman, or sixty—six percent. Table III indicates the number of members according to vocational areas from 1947 to 1951. An analysis of this chart reveals that the ratio of the total number of ministers to laymen for any one year ranged from ten of nineteen which is fifty-three percent to fourteen of twenty- four or fifty—eight percent of the total membership. The by_laws stated that the membership was to be divided equally betwaen members who were 1“ the ministry and laymen. It seems significant that for the period from 1947 to 1959 the clergy outnumbered the laymen every year, the majOrity at one time reaching sixty percent. The table also reveals that the greatest number of men on the board from the area of business in any one year was seven. In 1947—48 the . ratio was seven of nineteen, or thirty-seven percent. The fewest 69 TABLE III THE NUMBER AND VOCATIONAL AREAS OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR EACH YEAR FROM 1947-1959 MINISTRY BUSINESS MEDICINE EDUCATION FARMING TOTAL k 1947-48 10 7 2 19 1948-49 10 6 2 1 19 1949-50 10 6 2 1 19 1950-51 11 7 2 1 21 19 51-52 11 7 2 1 21 1952-53 12 6 2 2 22 1953-54 12 6 2 2 22 19 54-55 12 6 2 2 22 19 55.56 12 5 2 3 22 1956.57 12 s 1 4 22 1957-58 14 s 1' 4 24 19 58-59 13 s 1 2 3 24 \ TOTAL 139 71 1 22 24 257 \ 70 number of businessmen was in l958-S9, when there were four, which com- prised only seventeen percent of the total board. The range for those who were involved in farming was from zero to four. In 1957-58 four members, or seventeen percent of the board, were farmers. The area of education was the only other vocational area that was represented by more than one member. The range for this area was from one to three. There were several vocational areas conspicuous by their absence. There were no members from the areas of law and banking. Other than the president there was little representation from the field of education and of those educators represented, none was from another institution of higher education. The rather substantial number of farmers from 1955-59 reflects the rural characteristic of the church. The Mennonites were largely a rural church and it took considerable time for the United Mis— sionary Church to develOp churches in urban areas. This fact contributed to the small number of members from the area of business and none of these were from large corporations. Table IV indicates the number of Board of Directors according to the length of their period of service. The chart is organized by church district or other category. The board membership ranged from nineteen to twenty—four with twenty_one as the average number from 1947 to 1959. Almost half of the Inembership, ten, served from ten to twelve years. Twenty-five of the forty—four different men who were elected served four years or more. On the other hand, nineteen were members for three years or less. Consider- iJKJ that it takes a period of time to become knowledgeable about the Opelhution of the college, the influence and contribution of these nine- teen members was negligible. 71 TFBLE IV THE NUMBER OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS BY DISTRICT OR CATEGORY ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF SERVICE FOR THE PERIOD FROM 1947—1959 Category YEARS I M N O P TOTAL 10 - 12 5 3 1 1 10 7 - 9 2 3 1 2 8 4 - 6 l 1 3 2 7 l - 3 3 9 2 3 19 GRAND TOTAL 11 16 6 8 l 44 Legend: >'OOZZ I Indiana Michigan Nebraska Ohio President of the college Alumni representative H I] C il‘ih}. lv‘ Ll ‘ _. .... , 72 The average term of service of all board members from 1947 to 1959 was 5.9 years. The average by district ranged from 7.6 for Indiana to 4.1 for Nebraska. The average term of service for the members from Ohio was 6.0 years, and Nichigan's was 5.?5 years. There was considerable stability within the leadership of the board during the first twelve years which was very helpfuL for the college was very dependent upon a church constituency that trusted those who were administering its program. Table II, page 64, reveals that only seven different individuals were involved in the four major offices of the board. In two of the offices, the secretary and treasurer, the person initially elected continued in the position for the entire twelve year period. IV. THE ACADEMIC COP/IMUNITY Administration and Faculty. The task of employing the first faculty and administrative staff of Bethel College was delegated to the newly elected president and the Faculty Committee of the Board of Educa- tion of the Indiana District. Mr. Goodman stated that, "the faculty will be the heart of the scflmxfld A good faculty is the most important part of the school."51 .A number of names were presented for consideration with a recommendation tjiat approval be given to engage eight to ten full—time persons for the fa11.of 1947. The first full_time faculty member to be offered employ— nmnit and to sign a contract was Stanley M. Tiylor. 51"Minutes of the Board of Education of the Indiana District," December 5, 1946. szlhid. .u. .z. 51.. fit a. ’5‘ .h l ‘1. I nu u 5 CIA .\J v.“ 3a 3E- : s .4 if .4» 73 Upon receiving authorization to employ faculty, the board was faced with the problem of adopting a salary schedule. The nine—month salary schedule that was initially developed was: YEARS OF TEACHING OR LAST EARNED DEGREE RELATED EXPERIENCE A.B. M.A. Ph.D. 0 $1,600 $1,750 $1,950 1 1,650 1,800 2,000 2 1,700 1,850 2,050 3 1,750 1,900 2,100 4 1,800 1,950 2,15053 Negotiations were continued throughout the spring and summer of 1947 with the result that President Goodman and the Faculty Committee brought together a faculty and staff of twelve people, eight of whom were employed on a full-time basis. Eight of the twelve also filled an administrative role. Table V lists the administrative officers during the twelve years from 1947 to 1959. Even before the opening of Bethel College in 1947, prOposed faculty by-laws were approved by the Board of Directors.54 All faculty and administrative staff members directly responsible to the President were voting members of the faculty. Regular meetings were held twice (each month. Officers for the faculty were not listed in the original byudaws, but the President was consistently elected as chairman. A revis- at! set of by-laws adopted in September 1952 specified that the chairman 53Ibid. 54A c0py of the by-laws is included in the Appendix. 74 m omsamma uoauawm .n uuwaHa m Hmumvma uoxoonnccmm .m sum mcoauoamm oaanzm mo uouomuao ou newsman mauae«. 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S S C. .7 .V Houoe 6 8 L 9 S .v E Z I O 6 8 msumum >uH900m nuaz uuuum 0>HuouumHCHEU¢ I vacuouooa cocumm I woumwo m.uouooo new pouonsou mucoaouwsvmm vocaonQm I acumen .Q.m uo m.uoumnz I oouowo m.uoHo:uom I omumon m.uoncomm o usonqu madcaoua Hoonom now: umom I “Ozwumq HNMQ'IDC mmmalhvmn QOHmmm mm? mom MBADUtm QSB m0 ZOHB<¢mmm m0 ZmME HH> Bm<fi 80 m m m m sum: .0 mHHoum2 .NN v m N N N xmsH .q cHchaum .NN H m xoocqu umouuom .HN H H swam; anon. .ON H N cuoamcHx .o auwcccx .mH NH m m m m n m n m m m m m H323 .2 Eamon .3 N N N uoHHox .H cmHmm .NH 0H m m m m m m m m m m coauunm .2 “woman .mH H m comfism o> fidflHOfi .mH N N N .3802 3.26 .3 v N N N N casuouHom .m oHuo2. .NH v m N m m guano: .2 uHHmo .NH v N N N N cmeHHnm .2 nuuHHHz .HH NH m m N m m m m m m m m m emacooo .H souoooz .0H m N N N upuufioo 2.34 hunt .m 3.22 Namewmammamu as. 3...; arsrrrarrrpr H38 6 8 L 9 C. .7 f. 7.. T. 0 6 3 U H will“ .ooscHucoo. HH> mamas 81 N m v .3139 .2 332.0 .5 m m m m oHooum .2 cumsom .mm m m m m uwcmcm .x HHmuH> .mm H m meHm NoHcoum .vm NH H H H H H H H H H H H H wmscm .q mmocuum. .mm N a v m m m m m ocean .m uanHz .Nm N N m mmom .m nuance .Hm HH m m m m m m m m m m m comcHnom .g aumccwx .om N m m umHmmm .n cH>Ha .oN N N N NmHmumm .m ease .mN v N N N N uoxoonmccnm .m 2mm .NN H N cmumouoz .4 uuoHHHm .mN m N N N Nmuus2 .m eHocoo .mN n m m m 20»: .n mHHHam .VN $-22 amxgmmmmwmmw $22 a... yavarrvrrvrr H308 6 8 L 9 S .V E Z T. O 6 8 AnascHucoo. HH> uHmae 82 H m xoow >£uouoo .Nv m N N N N N N N N >0m50> .m cocum>¢ .Hv H N @003 .¢ coouou .ov NH m N N N H H H H H H H H u0>aw3 .2 pcos>mm .mm 0H m m m m m m m m m m uoHNoe .2 NoHcoum .mm $-52 megwmmmmmmn 32 when» . . . . . . . . . . . . c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. b. .7 Hence .b n. I. o. ,3 b. r. 7. 7; Au ,0 .8 HooscHucoo. HH> mnmma 83 mmH H m mm mm on H2905 HN H H NH m v mmlwmmH mH N m o N mmlhmmH mH 0H m N hmlmmmH mH m m N mmlmmmH 9H o v m mmIommH NH m m m vmlmmmH NH m m m mmINmmH vH m m m NmIHmmH MH w v m HmIommH MH m m m omlmva VH w m m mvlmva MH m m m mvunva H2909 manque mumpHpcmo ooumoo .a.m ooumoo ooumvo m.uoHononm m.uouooo Honouooo no m.uoummz m.uoHonomm o uaonuH3 wcHCHoHB BE 8 H828 232 umom mmmfilhva SOME ”HA—EM Baa m8 ZOHBHDEEQ UHzmQHm m0 xvim ZH wBADU¢h m0 mmmZDZ mm? HHH> mama? I! J 84 An analysis of Table VIII, page 83, shows that the quality of the faculty improved significantly during the tenure of President Goodman. In 1947-48 five, or thirty—eight percent, of the faculty had Master's degrees or the equivalent. By 1959, fourteen, or sixty—six percent, had at least the Master's degree with one member possessing an earned doctor- ate. The number of faculty with the Bachelor as the last earned degree decreased from thirty—eight percent in 1947-48 to fourteen percent in 1958-59. Of the four persons on the staff in 1958-59 who had not earned a Bachelor's degree, only one was on the teaching faculty. The others were specialists in administrative areas with experience in the area of their responsibility. The Curriculum. When the first bulletin of Bethel College was printed in May, 1947, three separate academic programs were announced. A college of Liberal Arts was established which had only one majorH-Bible. A Bachelor of Religion degree was offered which differed from the Bache— lor of Arts in that less foreign language, but more Bible and Bible relat- ed courses were required. The third Option for a student was to enroll in the School of the Bible which offered a four-year and a two-year diploma.62 The College of Liberal Arts was organized into departments which became the pattern for a divisional organization that was adopted in 1949. The six divisions were: 1. Division of Biblical Literature and Phi1050phy 2. Division of Education and Psychology 62Bethel College Bulletin, May, 1947. (A) . Li"ision of Fire Arts 4. DiVision of Linguage and literature 5. Division of Science and Nathematics _. . . ‘ . ‘ . (3 6. riVision of Boeial btudlps.‘ -31 irmen were named for each division and were reoponsible to the I‘\ Dean of the Liberal Arts College in matters of personnel, curriculum, finance, and academic advisinc.(4 The school of Fusic, which was estab— lished in 1917, never offered a separate degree. Upon the recommendation of Willard dallman, who was named the Dean for the 1919-49 school year, the School of Music was incorporated into the Division of Fine Lrts.65 The School of the Bible was also organized along divisional lines, originally with two programs, the Division of Biblical literature and the Division of Christian Service.FG In 1993 a third division, Applied Arts, was added.67 A chart depicting the develOpment and changes in curriculum was printed in a self—study by the faculty of Bethel.6R (See Table IX.) The Chart indicates that four majors (Biblical Literature, English, History, Music) were added to the Liberal Arts program in 1948. 63:bid., may, 3949. pp. 29: 30- 64"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 15, 1949. 65"President's Report to the Board of Directors," March 15, 1949, hp. 2' 3. L 66Ihid., p. 16 67Bethel college Bulletin. ”BY 1953' Pp' 29' 29’ 69A Survey study of Bethel College, May, 1969, p. 4. 86 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x mmlmmmH x x x x x x x x x x x x x x mmlhmmH N x x x x x x x x x x x x hmlwmmH x x x x x x x x x x x wmlmmmH N x x x x x x x mmlvmmH x x x x x x x x $132 an x x x x x x mmINmmH x x x x x x x mmIHmmH N x x x x x x HmIOmmH x x x x x x x omlmva x x x x x x x mVImva x x x x mulhva :. 2:; :mmmmmmflm m. m T. S m o ..T... a m U. m w T. .4 I a m I M . a I. 9 T. .b O 9 S o. o O I. 3 T. a M u 3 .m I. u. .4 1 .4 u .M s a. a e 5 I. o I. T I. n u. .4 p. 1 E O 'A u 0 n. 0 m T. J u u u u 1 .A a 5838 :oHuHHmm oHan 05 oocoHum no uoHonoom no n92 no uoHonoun uo Hooaom uoHoaoom mmmthva 5“.» ”2”» 10¢” “Oh gamma QZC ”H02! .EUMO ya nggo Egg xH 393.. .a Clhwr than the allitioral majors offered for the Bachelor of Arts program, the first signifiearfi charge in curriculum came in 3953 when the Brcfielor of Ke‘igion prngJfl wrs replaced with a Richelor of Science JCGYCG in Feligion. It was obvious that the former program was not desired by the studentw sinc: there were no candidates for the decree from 1947 to 3 . 'l 53. Whey were Choosing the Tiachelor of Igrtc: program ins‘eal-.. a fact which did not satisfy some segments of the church constituency. prneident Goodman reporfod to the Board that he had received from several sources suggestions for a charge of emphasis in the curriculum. He indicated that a careful and detailed study was made by the faculty vho were ready with a proportal for the 50.321359 The prOposal was the Bachelor of Jcience in Religion pregram and some realignment in the divisional orgwnization of the School of the Bible. The main Features of the Bachelor of Joience in Religion program were: (1) elimination of required foreign language courses; (2) increas- ing the number of required courses of a practical nature: (3) strengthen- ing of the Division cf fliristian service of the School of the Bible and the integration of this division with the liberal arts program to grant a distinctive degree for Christian workers; and (4) fewer electives with more required courses in professional preparation.70 President Goodman reported about the new degree to the constit— uency of the church through the Bethel Herald. 69"prpsident's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel COTlege," March 10, 1953, p. 7. 7OIbid., p. 13 88 This year a new degree is offered by Bethel College, namely, the Bachelor of Science in Religion Degree. The cur- riculum leading to the degree is of special interest to the students preparing for the ministry, missionary service, child- ren's work, or other full-time Christian service. At the core of the curriculum is a Bible major requiring at least 24 semester hours of direct Bible studies. Two minors of 16 hours each are required. One may be chosen from the fol- lowing: Christian Education, Missions, Music, or Pastoral Theol- ogy. The second minor may be an additional minor from the requir- ed list or another selected by the student. This curriculum was worked out with conferences by the faculty and followed suggestions by pastors and district super- intendents.71 In 1955 two additional Bachelor of Science Degrees were announced-- one in Education and the other in Nursing. lhe initial suggestion to the board about a curriculum leading to an education degree was incorporated in President Goodman's ”Advance Bethel Crusade” recommendations. He noted that many of the students who attended Bethel did not expect to enter the ministry, desiring instead academic courses leading to alternate vocation- al objectives. In a significant number of cases this objective was teach- ing. He also indicated that the officials of the college were quite regularly receiving inquiries about the possibility of enrolling in courses at Bethel for teacher certification. As a result of this interest, an investigation was made of minimum requirements to qualify for licensing by the State Department of Education in Indiana. Dr. Goodman summarized the minimum needs as: First, expansion of our library to 15,000 volumes; second, improvement of our teaching professional standards so that one-third qualify for earned doctors' degrees; third, an organized Department of Education; and fourth, some expanded offerings in the various departments of our general college curriculum.72 711he Bethel Herald, Vol. 1, No. 2, October 1953, p. 4. 2"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," Mar<=h 11, 1952, p. 2. 89 The board was generally favorable to beginning a teacher train- irfi1rganized student body was destined to create an enduring Spirit and t:1:adition. One of the first steps taken by President Goodman in the fall of 1947 was to establish a committee to develop, program, and see adepted a: constitution for the student body. The organized student body became known as the Student Associa_ ‘txiom of Bethel College.82 The original adopted constitution established :Eiive standing committees: (1) Student Council, (2) Artist Series Com. IILittee, (3) Judiciary Committee, (4) Yearbook Committee and (5) Newspaper (Iczmmittee. It also articulated a purpose: . . . to organize the student body, to provide for student repre- sentation to the faculty, and to be recipient of faculty guidance, to promote school spirit, and to provide supervision of all stu— dent activities.83 The elected officers of the Student Association and a representa- ‘ttive from each of the four classes made up the Student Council. It was tlime stated purpose of the council: . . . to foster the social and cultural phases of the life of the general student group and to represent the student body in matters of mutual interest to students and administrative officers of the school.84 The Artist Series Committee was charged with the responsibility tltmprovide a ”high grade of entertainment for the student body.” A man- (infinte was placed upon the Judiciary Committee to "provide a means of 82Constitution of the Student Body of Bethel College, p. 1. 83Ibid. 84Ibid., p. 2. 94 student self-discipline," and the Yearbook and Newspaper Committees were to lje responsible for the develOpment and publishing of student publica... ti 0113.85 During the first year of organization a number of activities were sponsored by the Student Council that were destined to become tra- ditional. These included: a Hallowe'en Party, Christmas Banquet, "Open Home,” Campus Clean—up Day, and an Inter—Conference Youth Convention.86 ”Open House” is described in a student newspaper article as an event during which students opened their rooms to other students and Visitors. There were tours of the campus and programs illustrating COllege life were caricatured and dramatized.87 On the traditional semi-annual Campus Clean-up Day classes were dismissed and the faculty and students joined in raking leaves, chopping wOOd, washing windows and other similar tasks. Work started early in the morning and ended about three o'clock in the afternoon when they moved to a local park for recreational activities and a picnic. The casual atmos- phere of the day contributed to a better understanding among students and faculty.88 In May, 1948, the Student Council Sponsored the first Annual Youth Convention and each year since this convention has been held. Its primary purpose is to bring high school juniors and seniors from the var... ious conferences to the church to spend a week—end on the Bethel Campus. 'I'he college administration has strongly supported the activity because \ 851bid., pp. 2-4. 86The Helm, 1948. 87The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 1, No. 7, April 22, 1948, p. 1. 881bid., Vol. 1, No. a, May 7, 1948, p. 1. 95 it; has been a good public relations activity through which many students have been recruited. The program for the week—end is student-planned, including complete responsibility for the accommodation of guests. In— volvement of the college administration and faculty has been limited to advising the Youth Convention Committee. In 1948, 130 guests registered for the week—end, coming from Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, South Dakota and Canada.89 The first student newspaper to be published appeared on January 2 3 , 1948. It was called The Bethel Beacon, and has ever since been pub— lished under that name. Originally the paper was more than a campus newspaper, with issues sent to parents and others within the church con— Stituency who subscribed.90 However, in 1953 President Goodman began to Publish The Bethel Herald as a public relations and informational paper fOr the constituency of the church. Additionally, there was a growing I"\JInber of students who felt the student newspaper should be a campus publication which should be given over to issues relating to students. merefore, the format of The Bethel Beacon was changed in 1954, making it Primarily a campus newspaper.91 The Yearbook Committee called its publication The Helm. In March, 1948, the student newspaper announced that subscriptions were being taken for the yearbook. They described the first edition as follows: "The @n is the first yearbook of Bethel College and consists of seventy—two pages packed with information and pictures of the students, teachers and \ 89 . Ibid., V01. 1, No. 9, May 19, 1948, p. 1. 901bid., Vol. 1, No. 1, January 23, 1948, p. 2. 91The Bethel Herald, Vol. 2, No. 3, December, 1954, p. 4. 96 c:arnpus."92 In its first year the Student Council charged for each program or publication it presented in order to finance the activity. They made preparation for the 1948-49 school year, however, by convincing President Goodman to recommend to the board that a $5.00 student activity fee be collected from each student each semester.93 The monies were used to finance the activities of student government and its committees. The fee was increased to $5.50 in 195694 and to $10 in 1958.95 The Student Council as representative of the student body has a lways been an important body in the physical development of Bethel Col.- leqe. The Student Council's involvement in fund drives that influenced the completion of the Administration Building and the very construction of Goodman Auditorium has already been discussed. The 1951—52 Student Council led in another project which was unique. A tradition, started in 1947, was the giving of a Christmas gift to the president at the annual c1"lristmas banquet. In 1951 the students showed their appreciation for president Goodman's leadership of Bethel by underwriting the cost of a t3:11;) to the Holy Land. They purchased a reservation on the first "flying Se"Liner" conducted by Winona Lake School of Theology in the summer of 1952. The month long seminar included travels in Italy, Egypt, Lebanon, \ 92The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 1, No. 4, March 5, 1948, p. 3. 9 93"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March ' 1948. 94Bethel College Bulletin, May, 1956, p. 32. 1 95"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 1' 1958' p. 3. 33:13. am As ties in t mafia to were 50 321191. and ti m ...‘ .6 97 £33zwrria, Jordon, Israel, Greece, Switzerland and England.96 As the years passed the Student Council became aware of deficien- cies in the constitution and by-laws. By 1959 thirteen amendments were made to the original document. Three additional standing committees were formed; an Auditing Committee to audit the treasurer's books; a Fizz 1.igious Life Committee to be responsible for student chapel services aar1<3 the annual Youth Convention; and a Social Life Committee to be respon- sible for student social activities.97 The membership of the Student Council was increased by having each class name two representatives to the Council, one male and one 15€2nnale.98 The Council also moved toward a more democratic method of r1<>nninating candidates for officers of the Student Association. With the fleawv policy any student could nominate an eligible student by presenting a DQtition for nomination signed by at least seven percent of the student k)<>(3y_99 By the close of the 1958-59 school year there was no longer a void 31‘1- student government and student tradition. They were well established in the structure of Bethel College. Student Organizations. From the beginning the development of Student clubs and organizations was encouraged. At least six different clllbs were established in the 1947-48 school year in addition to the four academic classes. \ 96The South Bend Tribune, December 20, 1951, p. 11. 97Constitution of the Student Body of Bethel College, 1957 p‘evision. ‘— 99Ibid. 99The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 12, No. 3, December 10, 1958, p. 3. , . .QC. 1&8 0 r? sh pl 4'“ M- if 4': ii I'llla .l, [a n. 98 Three of the Clubs were religious in nature. The Ambassadors we 8 organized for students interested in religious and social welfare in several areas including rest homes, penal institutions, rescue mission, and street meetings. The Missionary Fellowship, primarily for students who planned to devote their lives to missionary service, had regular meet- ings for inspiration and fellowship. This club also initiated an annual missionary convention and promoted student missionary projects. A third club with a religious orientation, the Ministerial Association, was organized for students who planned to enter the Christian ministry. Its purpose was to provide discussion, training, experience, and preparation for the work of the ministry. In 1952 this club held its first minister- ia 1 clinic or workshOp which became an annual project.100 A Music Club, which emphasized fellowship and participation for its members was organized in 1947. TVo singing organizations were also Started. The Male Glee Club, composed of sixteen students, performed Sa(:red concerts. Their concerts included a ten-day Easter tour with appearances mainly in daio and Michigan. The next year an A Cappella moir was formed, becoming the singing group which annually made tours in the United States or Canada. The second singing group, organized in 1947, was the Mixed Chorus. In 1948 they started what has become a tra- dition with Bethel, the presentation of Handel's "Messiah" just prior to me Christmas recess .101 Other student organizations were formed around various interest grc>ups. The Nurses, English, and Teachers' Clubs were among those that \ 100The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 5, No. 10, March 10, 1952, p. 1. 101mg Helm, 1948, 1949. 11:: 99 maintained an active and continuous program.102 In 1950-51 three literary societies were organized to promote literary activities and to form a basis for competition within the stu. dent body. The class organizations did not adequately meet the need for competitive groups in athletics in the early years because the Junior and Senior classes were generally quite small. A survey of the literaries reveals that their activities were more athletic and promotional than literary. The names of the three groups were Ducerians, Fidelians, and Valerians. Originally students were randomly appointed to a society at their first enrollment but the procedure was changed allowing each society to present an evening program during the first week of the Fall Semester. At the end of the week, each student chose the society he wished to join.103 The classes were involved in a number of activities, but most of them centered around junior and senior year activities. The Junior Class sponsored a Senior Banquet each spring. The Senior Class has traditionally given a class gift to the college. To accomplish the giving of a gift, they promoted several projects for fund raising purposes. A list of the class gifts given by the first twelve graduating classes reveals their imagination and spirit. 1948 —— Pulpit for the chapel 1949 —— Neon sign spelling "Bethel College" for the McKinley Avenue entrance 1950 -- Cornerstone and refrigerated drinking fountain for the Administration Building 1951 —— A 16 mm. 30—minute film "Life at Bethel" A 16 mm. Bolex movie camera, American and Christian flags with stands for the chapel 102Ibid., 1948—1959. 103Ibid., 1951-1959. 100 1952 _- Lighted fountain and flagstone walk for mall west of the Administration Building. 1953 -_ tagna Cord recorder and equipment 1954 _- Limestone entrance gates with Bethel College signs at the two Iogan Street entrances. 1955 -_ Furniture and furnishings for the Student Lounge in the Administration Building 1956 _- Opaque projector and screen and organ chimes 1957 -- loud speaker system for Goodman Auditorium 1958 -- Stage curtains for Goodman Auditorium 1959 -- Charging desk and furniture for the Library Student Campus Life. The campus life of the Bethel College stu— dent body can be assessed by reading three publications. Two of the publications are published by the students: the newspaper and the year- book. The third publication is the student handbook. The first handbook of Bethel College contained a number of state- ments regarding etiquette and were printed along with the official college regulations. There were, for instance, thirty-five rules regarding the dining hall; most of which er8 statements of etiquette. An example is the statement which read, "Pass dishes to the right. Take a dish with the hand farthest from the person passing it and pass it with the hand farthest from the person to whom it is being passed."104 Another state- ment read, "In passing dishes of food, a gentleman shou1d assist the lady to his right. Gentlemen should not in any way neglect ladies by their 104 Student Handbook of Bethel College, 1947—48. H it'll-1 101 S ide .uIOS There was another list of rules relating to the campus in general. Pugeain the majority of the twenty-four statements pertained to matters of <3t:ir1uette. Eventually these statements were printed in a section entitled 'Net:iquette,” and by 1951 they disappeared from the handbook completely.106 Some regulations were quite stable, appearing in 1959 almost exactly as they were first printed in 1947. An example is the statement tfliait "The use of tobacco, alcoholic beverages, profanity, cards, obscene lifiriguage, all forms of gambling, attendance at dances, theatres, and SuCh other conduct as is generally recognized to be contrary to a Christian Profession is forbidden."107 Another regulation that remained unchanged reads, "The dress of t}1£e student is to reflect a high sense of modesty and simplicity without Uuiciue ornamentation."108 This statement is more indefinite, however, and allowed considerable room for interpretation, whereas the prior statement 3153 explicit, naming most of what was prohibited. Some rules changed over the years because of student pressures Eiridi a general change in attitude about the regulation. The social EPITisvilege rule is an example. In 1947-48 the rule read as follows: Social relationships are contributive to one's fullest develOp- ment when of a proper nature and spirit. The school reception room will be open twice each week (Friday evenings from 7:30 to 10:00 p.m. and Sunday afternoon from 2:00 to 5:00 p.m.) for the use of students, except during college evangelistic meetings. Time will be granted various organizations to have social 1051bid. 106Ibid., 1950-51 and 1951-52. ‘, 107Bulletin of Bethel College, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1947, p. 8 and 0l. 11, No. 1, 195739, p. 40. IOBIbid. 102 gatherings for both ladies and gentlemen. Couples are allowed to attend Sunday worship services together as long as propriety is observed. Students leaving campus must receive permission from their dean. Genera] permission for off campus trips is granted upon the evidence of preper conduct and registration with the dean for: 1. Work. 2. Attendance at Sunday Church services at the Nishawaka or South Bend M.B.C. Churches. 3. One week day shopping trip per week to Mishawaka or South Bend only during daylight hours and with members of the same sex. Special permission will be granted upon evidence that the fol- lowing conditions have been fulfilled. 1. That there will be two or more couples and/or a preper chaperonage. 2. That the individual is to be accompanied by some adult member of his immediate family. 3. That some faculty member, pastor, or other person approved by the dean shall accompany the group. 4. That the trio is necessitated by Gospel Team Work and transportation arrangements are approved by the Supervisor of Gospel Teams. 5. The destination, purpose, and manner of the trip is in keeping with Christian testimony.109 By 1959 the social regulations were somewhat revised. The regul- ation in the language of the 1958-59 handbook reads as follows: Bethe] does give ample time for social r lationships. They contribute most to one's college days as they are kept in pro- per proportion and not all-consuming in time. Hours for Social Activities are listed below: Monday-Thrusday--l2:00 noon-2:00 p.m. on campus 6:00-6:30 p.m. on campus 9:00-10:00 p.m. on campus Friday-Saturday--l2:00 noon-11:00 p.m. Sunday _ -- 12:00-noon-6:00 p.m. Any young man may accompany his lady friend to the formal dinners and banquets. One off-campus date per week is allowed exclusive of attendance at Sunday services. Thirty minutes or more to- gether is considered to be a date. The above mentioned hours are the only times a couple should be seen together except by special permission. For those off-campus dates plan for at least two 109Student Handbook of Bethel College, 1047-48. 103 couples or other chaperonage (if eithercdfyou are a Freshman or SOphomore) and consent of the Social Deans. On Friday, Saturday and Sunday evenings the young man may per- missibly escort his fair young lady to the door of her dormitory.110 Attendance of the daily half—hour chapel service was required anad has continued to be to the present. The pattern of services was not Irigid but the general practice was to follow this order: Monday _____ Student Praise Service Tuesday ..... Guest speaker Wednesday__-Faculty speaker Thursday-__-President's chapel Friday ______ Student organizations Many times the Friday chapel was given to class meetings or Otflier student organizations to plan and implement activities. At other tiJnes the Student Jouncil used this period to have an all-student meet. iJfigy. This was the case on Srdruary l9, 1948, when a school song was 1'J'l‘tzroduced. The student newspaper proclaimed that, "Loyalty to Bethel Ck)].lege has received a new boost since our last paper went to press, with t31€3 acquisition of our school song." Marvin Baker, a junior, wrote the WOI‘ds and music .111 Forward with Bethel College With Thrist at the helm, Preparing for service In life's every realm, Sharing with one another The good time's we've had, Bethel, to be part of you Means always to be glad. Onward with Bethel College The school of our choice, Proudly wt claim her with one united voice, Onward and ever greater Our watchwords :hall be, llolbid., 1958-59, p. 13. lllThe Bethel Beacon, Vol. 1, No. 4, March 5, 1948, p. l. 104 Bethel, our Alma Mater, We love and honor thee. Coda: Bethel, our Alma Mater, We love and honor thee. School colors, royal blue for loyalty and white for purity, were 2321530 selected by the 1947—48 Student Association.112 The school colors uveelne used primarily for banners, book covers and similar items until 2153558-59 when Bethel entered the area of intercollegiate athletics. Prior to 1958 the board was Opposed to competitive adhletics £2)llegiate athletics was approved as long as Bethel scheduled schools of S iI'nilar purpose . 116 The Bethel Beacon staff announced the decision to the students Stating that Albert J. Beutler was named coach and the first \ 112Ibid. 113"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March S3 0 1948. 114'Faculty Minutes of Bethel College," March 3, 1958. 1. 115"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 1. 1958. 116Ibid., September 16, 1958. 105 i_rdnt:(3rcollegiate basketfial‘ game for Bethel Jollege would be held in Ja nuary, 1“5".117 VI . .SUf'H-iisR‘L' A spirit of evangelism and missionary zeal of revivalistic vigor rntpxrewd restlessly in President Woodrow I. Goodman and grew to characterize t:}lc: twelve years of his administration at Bethel College. That zeal, so sst;zn3ng3y suggestive in the school motto, "With ihrist at the Helm," gave 63 ssr>iritually strong forward thrust to the Goodman leadership. Those V4f1c> overlook or understate this spiritual authority fail to comprehend t11a3t.leadership in its fullest dimensions. Nor is it mere coincidence that Goodman seemed endlessly to redis- C:CD‘Jer'with his faculty and students that religion needed to be more than CaIntious assent to creedal statements. Religion needed to provide a per— SS’gmsvztive for human learning. He indeed believed that religious faith E§r1C3 learning were compatible and out of this conviction an ideal emerged: t1<> develop the educated religious man. In a man so strongly motivated, it was not easy to let mere events lelfifii him aside. Again t very overwhelming odds, he saw the physical F§‘<=7S;¢3ts of the college grow from the initial $35,000 investment to over 53 . . . , '-7("C,P0C. Tndrbtzdness snranu from almost ninety percent or total assets t: - - , . (3 less than Lorty p rcent. Student enrollment increased from 94 to 329 . . “'1~t31 318 students graduating during this period. Faculty and administrative staff was increased from thirteen to ll? The Bethel Beacon, Vol. l2, No. 1, November 6, 1958, D. 1. 106 twenty-one. Of greater significance was Goodman's ability to influence the Board of Directors to institute a scholarship aid program which made i t possible to strengthen the academic standing of the faculty. While in 1947 only five members of the faculty had the equivalent of a Master's degree, by 1959 all but three of the teaching faculty had the Master's as the last earned degree--two of the three having completed the resi— dence requirement for the Masters. In 1947 Goodman announced that Bethel would offer a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Bible, a Bachelor of Religion and two Bible diploma programs. During the twelve years the number of majors for the Bachelor of Arts was increased from one (in Bible) to eight. In 1955 the college was approved by the state of Indiana for the training of elementary teachers. This was followed in 1958 with approval to 1Cli‘ain secondary teachers in English, social studies, music and speech. Goodman taught every year during his tenure, sometimes teaching a full load. Additionally, he responded in many situations which left aCiministration short-handed. For example he acted as business manager for over a year until a replacement was employed in 1957. He was con— Stantly active in planning and construction phases of new buildings and 1iterally supervised the construction of the building that bears his name-—Goodman Auditorium. It is significant to recognize that Dr. Goodman’s important con- tributions to Bethel College were never expressed by him as personal achievements, He saw the accomplishments as viable evidence of the sure hand of God guiding the destiny of the emerging institution or as a reflection of the efforts of others—-his students, his faculty, or the lay supporters of the college. CHAPTER IV THE SECOND PRESIDEIJCY Reverend Ray P. Pannabecker was elected the second president of Be thel College on March 10, 1959. He was to serve for a three—year term, beginning the following July 1.1 He will complete a fourth three—year term in 1971. The first ten years of the Pannabecker administration from July, 1959 to July of 19C9 represented the “teenage years" in the develOpment 0‘5 Bethel College. It was during this period that the post—war baby pOpulation flooded the campuses of the American colleges and universities. One of the problems facing the new president was construction of adequate facilities to accommodate the increased student body. In addition to the prospect of swelling enrollments, the ever present spiralling economy heightened the fiscal problems of private colleges. The financial pro— blems facing Pannabecker were twofold: (l) to find sources of income to balance an operating budget that was inclining with the economy and (2) to acquire funds for the continued physical development of the campus. A third area of concern was continued improvement of the faculty by fur- ther development and use of the faculty "Scholarship Aid Program" imple— t“‘Ehted by President Goodman, and recruiting additional academically (Ina lified personnel. Fourthly, Pannabecker had to guide the style of Student life through a period of revolutionary transition, unparalleled \ 19 1"Minutes of the Bethel College Board of Directors," March 10, 59. 107 108 in the history of American higher education. I. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OP PRESIDENT PANNABECKER Ray Plowman Pannabecker was born in Elkton, Michigan, on June 27, 1913. He was the fourth son born to Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Nelson Panna- becker, His boyhood was spent in the various places to which his preacher- father moved. Later in his career, Pannabecker's father managed Bethel Publishing Company, the denominational publishing house of the United Missionary diurch located in Elkhart, Indiana. Mr. Pannabecker attended grade school in New Carlisle, (hi0. He graduated from Elkhart High School, Elkhart, Indiana, in 1931. During his high school years he was a member of the school String Sextette that “On national honors in 1930 and 1931. He enrolled at Asbury College in W5. lmore, Kentucky, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in phiIOSOphy and Psychology in 1935. He was the president of his graduating class. Upon completion of his college degree, Pannabecker married Dorotha May Hygema of Fort Wayne, Indiana, on June 16, 1935 and they had five children. In the summer of 1935 Pannabecker moved to his first pastorate in Detroit, Michigan. He pastored the Oakwood Mission Church of the Mennon— ite Brethren in dirist Church for two years and moved to the Yale—Greenwood circuit in 1937. In 1940 Rev. Pannabecker was assigned to the Calvary Q‘urch in Detriot where he pastored for six years until 1946, when he aSSmed a pastorate at Wakarusa, Indiana. It was while serving as minis- ter at this church that he became associated with Bethel College. In 1947 he became the first Business Manager and part—time instructor along with his pastoral duties. In 1948 he resigned the pastorate and accepted the additional positions of Dean of Men and instructor at the college. , u f 1.3.901 95 'm 19 Liana R I ‘ \ 5 in? os'. 11! I r 109 Pannabecker, having served the college full—time for three years, accept- ed in 1951 the pastorate of the Brenneman Memorial Church in Goshen, Indiana, where he served for four years. In 1955 he was elected District Superintendent of the Indiana District of the United Missionary Church. This position he held at the time of his election to the Presidency of Bethel College. In addition to pastoring for seventeen years and being a church administrator for four years, Pannabecker also served the denomination as editor of The Gospel Banner for the eight years from 1944 to 1953. As the son of the former manager of the denominational publishing house, he literally grew up in printing and publishing work and was well acquainted With the requirements of a church paper. In 1953 he spent six weeks in Japan on a missionary tour; in 1965 he was elected to the Board of Dir— ethnrs of Bethel College; and was named the vice-chairman for the three Yea rs prior to his becoming president. President Pannabecker was granted an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree by Asbury Theological Seminary in Juhe of 1964 .2 II. PHYSICAL PLANT DEVELOPMENT In his very first report to the Board of Directors, President pa’hnabecker stressed the need for overall planning for the future development of the college. He was concerned that the board plan and construct buildings according to a long range scheme for expansion and \— 2Data for this biographical sketch was obtained from various Seurces: Personnel File, Office of the Dean of Bethel College; The W Herald, Vol. VII, No. 1, (November 1959), p. 3; Biographies-1 Resume of Ray P. Pannabecker, Office of the President of Bethel College; Personal Int-G-‘I‘View with Dorotha M. Pannabecker, December 30, 1969. 110 that related issues of finance be incorporated into such planning.3 The following year (1960) the board formed a committee of three board mem— bers, three faculty representatives and President Pannabecker to deve10p long-range planning for Bethel.4 Expansion of the Campus. In 1960 officials of the college were contacted by Mr. Russell H. Miller who owned twenty—six acres of undevel- 0ped prOperty adjacent to the college campus. He was interested in work- ing out an annuity plan with Bethel for this prOperty along with other rea1.estate that Mr. and Mrs. Miller owned in South Bend. The real estate inciluded five houses, several of which were apartment dwellings, and a SHELll mattress factory. On August 8, 1960, the Finance Committee of the Boaznd approved a proposed annuity plan which valued the property and real esteate at $150,000.5 In October President Pannabecker announced that negnotiations were completed and contracts signed to acquire properties Whixih increased the Bethel Campus from forty to sixty—six acres.6 Since there existed no immediate need for additional land, the bOard decided to enter into a lease agreement with the city of Mishawaka ‘to <3evelop and use a sizable portion of the new prOperty for a park. ERDtll President Pannabecker and Mayor Joseph M. Canfield termed the lease \ C: 3"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel c>11ege," September 22, 1959, p. 3. 2() 4"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," September 0 1960. 5Ibid. 6'me South Bend Tribune, October 13, 1960, pp. 33; The Bethel Ekeackbn, vbl. 14, No. 2, October 7, 1960, p. 1; The Bethel Herald, Vol. 9, ET‘*--— 0° 1. March, 1961, pp. 1-4. 111 a mutual blessing, since the city needed a park on the northwest side and the school would be able to use the facilities developed by the city. These included a baseball field, tennis courts, and picnic areas. The facility was named College Park which tended to further help the college in its relationships with the community.7 The Hall of Science. The first new construction completed during Pannabecker's tenure was the Hall of Science. Within three months after he took office as president the board authorized the drawing up of plans for a new science building3 which led to a decision to prepare a detailed campus plan prior to any additional construction.9 It took three years, however, for the board to develOp, concur on, and adopt such a plan.10 At the same time that the board adopted the campus plan, it also approved Plans for the Hall of Science, immediately authorizing a groundbreaking ceremony to be held in conjunction with the sixteenth annual commencement on ~3une 2, 1963.11 'Ihere was a drastic change in the attitude of the board about bottomed funds being an adequate source of financing for construction; for they authorized construction of the science building on the basis of a 1(Dan which covered the total cost of construction. Cost of construction B 71he South Bend Tribune, April 21, 1961, p. 30; "Minutes of the Ward of Directors of Bethel College," January 17, 1961. 81bid., September 22, 1959. 91bid., March 15, 1960. 1°Ibid., February 16, 1963. [A 111b1d., March 19, 1963; The Bethel Herald, Vol. 11, No. 2. pril. 1963, p. 1. 112 was kept at a minimum by employing a construction superintendent who represented the college as the general contractor.12 The building was completed except for landscaping by April, 1964. The building contains a large eight-sided lecture room, the Octorium, which seats 180 students. In addition, the Hall of Science contains four well-equipped laboratories for chemistry, physics, biology, and botany. The botany laboratory has an attached greenhouse. Four classrooms, four office areas, a dark room, and storage areas are also located in the building which cost approximately $210,000.13 The new structure was dedicated and officially named the Hall of Science on November 21, 1964. It was the featured event for the annual homecoming and included a lecture on Science, Scripture, and the Christian World.14 Oakwood Residence Hall. At the same 1963 meeting in which the board approved the plans for the Hall of Science they also authorized the development of preliminary plans for a dormitory for men.15 In June, 1964, when the final details were being completed on the newly construct- ed science building, President Pannabecker reported to the board that plans for the proposed residence hall would be completed by the summer. 12"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," June 1, 1963. 13The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 17, No. 9, March 20, 1964, p. 3 and Vol. 17, No. 10, April 17, 1964, p. 3. 14The Bethel Herald, vol. 13, No. 2, November, 1964, p. 1; The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 18, No. 4, November 20, 1964, p. l; The South Bend Tribune, November 20, 1964, p. 33 and November 22, 1964, p. 49. N‘— 15"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," Februa ry 16, 1963 . 113 He went on to say that, ”While no preparations are made for the breaking of ground and beginning of construction we still proceed knowing that we need the building and believing that it will come."16 When reporting on the status of the Hall of Science and plans for its dedication he again prodded the board regarding the dormitory. He said, "It is a rather wild dream, but it would be a wonderful thing to be able to break ground for the men's dorm the same day we dedicate this facility."17 Considerable time was given to a discussion of the construction of a residence hall during the next board meeting which ultimately led to the adoption of a motion to proceed with steps to approve the plans and proceed with construction.18 By February, 1965, the board was still unable to come to a con- clusion about financing the proposed dormitory except to authorize its chairman and secretary to continue negotiations for a loan. They ulti_ mately completed arrangements to borrow the total amount for the cost of the building and plans were implemented to get construction under way.19 Ground was broken and the building was started on April 6, 1965.20 Numerous delays were experienced, however, because the college was unable to engage contractors to meet the timetable of construction. Severe 16"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," June 1, 1964, p. 6. 17Ibid. 18"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," September 28' 1964. 19Ibid., February 9, 1965 and June 7, 1965. 2OT'he Bethel Beacon, Vol. 18, No. 12, April 30, 1965, p. 2; The Scat}: Bend Tribune, April 7, 1965, p. 51. 114 weather conditions in the winter caused further delays and postponed the initial use of the dormitory to the summer of 1966.21 The complete $300,000 residence hall was dedicated on November 19, 1966,and was officially named, Oakwood Hall. The building has forty— three student rooms which will house 103 residents. The building has such features as two lounges, a television room, a laundry room, carpeted floors with draperies that are color coordinated to fit the three-color scheme that was used throughout the residence hall.22 Maintenance Building. On September 7, 1965, construction was started on a maintenance building. The mason contractor who was employed to construct Oakwood Hall transferred his men to the maintenance building when delays were encountered on the construction of the dormitory.23 The board authorized the construction of a 40' x 106' structure at a cost of $25,000. Included in the building is a drama laboratory used for practice sessions and construction of sets.24 Proposed Jasper A. Huffman Memorial Library. The Board of Dir- ectors authorized the beginning of plans for a library in 1961.25 In 1965 the Library Committee presented a “Library Building Program" to the board with a recommendation that authorization be given to employ a 21The Bethel Herald, Vol. 14, No. 1, February, 1966, p. 1, The Bethel Beacon, Vol. 20, No. 5, November 18, 1966, p. l. 22Ibid.; The South Bend Tribune, November 20, 1966, p. 53. 23"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," September 28, 1965, p. 19. 24'Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College,” September 28, 1965 and June 6, 1966. 251b1d., March 21, 1961. 115 library consultant. Upon the granting of this request, they pursued the development of a plan for the construction of a library, working carefully and closely with the library consultant and architect.26 In 1968 the board authorized the drawing of an artist's sketch of the proposed build- ing based on preliminary plans for the building.27 The proposed new library will be an air-conditioned three floor brick building of modular type construction for flexibility. The well planned facility will accom- modate 400 students and house 100,000 volumes.28 III. FISCAL POLICIES AND THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS President Pannabecker and the Board of Directors. The literature indicates that the board chose a public relations oriented president when they selected Ray P. Pannabecker. If they thought that this type of leader would bring them relief from constant reminders of the contin- ued physical and financial needs of Bethel College, they were to learn otherwise very rapidly. One of the strong attributes of President Pannabecker is his ability to lead men of differing viewpoints to a recognition of their common points and to ameliorate situations. He is indeed a public—relations minded leader. He also has the attribute of reflecting the thinking and views of the individuals who are part of his ‘Operating organization. Thus when Pannabecker met with the Board of Directors his position revealed what he considered to be the best of the thinking of his administrative officers and advisors. This was especial- 1Y true in the areas of academic development with Wilbur B. Sando, who 26Ibid., June 7, 1965. 27Ibid., February 13, 1968. 253 Survey Study of Bethel College, May, 1969, pp. 178—79. 116 was the academic dean for ten years, the last four during Pannabecker's tenure, and Wayne J. Gerber, who has been the academic dean since 1963. One of the early issues that Pannabecker presented to the board was low faculty and staff salary schedules and minimum fringe benefits. While pointing up areas that he felt deserved special attention he said: First of all, we will have many serious implications when we consider the needs of our faculty and staff salaries. While we know salaries have advanced a little, we further know that our own workers, by accepting these low salaries, have underwritten a significant portion of the financial develOpment that Bethel has shown. We must today face this problem, along with possible fringe benefits.29 He continued by expressing to the board the strong feeling of the faculty for a science building.30 Mr. Pannabecker's ability to influence individuals is best seen in his handling of the membership of the board. He led them to consider the advantages of adding to their membership by naming individuals to the board from outside the supporting church as long as the member was an evangelical Christian and the total additional members numbered no more than one-fourth the membership elected by the supporting church confer- ences or districts. These additional members were called members-at. large.31 By 1964 Pannabecker led the board to conclude that they should have three regular meetings a year instead of the usual bi—annual meet— ings.32 These recommendations of the President which ultimately influenced 29"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College,“ March 15, 1960, p. 3. 30Ibid. 31"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," March 20' .1962 . 321bid., September 24, 1963. 117 the fiscal and other policy decisions of the board did not cause negative feelings on the part of the board members toward the president. The lit- erature indicates that they spoke in glowing terms about his leadership. An example is the report of a committee in 1962 which stated: We are delighted to report that our President, Reverend Ray P. Pannabecker, has effectively and with dedication performed the duties of his office. Under his leadership Bethel College con- tinues to develop as an important arm of the United Missionary church: extending its ministry and influence to other denominations represented in the student body and to the cause of Christ in gen- eral.33 Dr. Pannabecker has yet to hear the words, ”borrowed capital is not available financing.” The absence of this comment did not, however, cause him to relax. Instead be challenged the membership to greater par- ticipation. The type of response he received is illustrated by a resolu- tion passed by the board in 1964: Whereas, our President, Dr. Ray P. Pannabecker, has chal- lenged the members of the Board of Directors to more activity in public relations, and Whereas, the Office of Development has brought to our attention the responsibility of the Church to preserve our youth to the per- iod of responsible adulthood through the channels of Christ- centered higher education, and Whereas, there is a need for a more intense loyalty to Bethel Col- lege from our constituency, Be it Resolved, That we request the members of the Board of Dir- ectors from each district to consider themselves as not only district representatives to Bethel College, but also as Bethel College representatives to their respective districts. Be it Further Resolved, That we, as members of the board, pledge ourselves to assist the Development Office in securing church commitments to the support of the college, to direct our young people to Bethel College and do our utmost to stimulate good pub- lic relations between the college and our constituency.3 33Ibid., September 25, 1962. 34Ibid., September 28, 1964. 118 Responsiveness on the part of the board did not go unnoticed by the president. He concluded one of his reports to the board by referring to what he believed to be: . . . one of the most hopeful signs in the nine years I have been president. The activity of board members on committees, in representing the college and in giving has reached an all time high. This omen predicts continued advancement for the college. Without doubt the directors must establish the character of the college and assure its continuity. This involvement of the Board of Directors is a most wholesome attribute. Thank you one and all.35 The Financial Situation From 1959-1969. The fiscal problems fac- ing church related colleges in the 1960's can be easily seen by analyzing Table XI. In the period from 1959 to 1969 tuition was increased 300 per cent, room charges rose 287 per cent, and board was raised 166 per cent. At the same time the operating expenses of Bethel College experienced a 382 per cent increase. The Board of Directors authorized tuition increases seven of the ten years Dr. Pannabecker has been president: still, Operat- ing deficits were experienced in six of these years. Except for increasing tuition and room and board charges in an attempt to keep up with the increased operating expenses, the board con- tinued on a financial status quo during the first four years of Pannabecker's tenure. Gift income toward the operating budget of the college hardly kept up with inflationary increases and efforts did not succeed to raise funds either for debt liquidation or for the projected science building. In the spring of 1961, the college was without the services of a Director of Public Relations. It was almost a year later that a consulting agency was employed to assist the college in organizing 3S'President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College," June 3, 1968, p. 4. 119 mem.ommu mace umz -m.mm- -o.b- -m.~o- m mom Hes ome Hem.a mam.mms mas.am Hmo.mom mam.sms e e e meumema -m mo- -o.ea- -o.Ho- 00.0mm- n m ”Mmewwm mes Ham H ”mn.mwfl Hmm.n mam.mmn mme.ome mam om.ms- owe bounces m.v- -s.vm- -om.s~w- omm.oom mes.amm.a bmfi.mm bsm.om u svm.mmb mbv.moo e e oev u - -m.mm- -m.mH- -H.mm- no mood s “mm see mom.msm.- oom.eHH mmN.H- u mma.bmm mmv.smm mes oo.OmH = obumemfl m mv- . . -o may -m.ooa- -oo.mmm- wmmsmwm owe m-o H woo we m-b.e mm-.oom osm.-om e g mam meuebms s.m -.em- . e-m.mee emo.mmm mv~.v~ ems.e~ u v~e.e~v www.mme . -oo mm»- -m.mm- -m.m- -s.mm- : oo ems oom «ounces . “Mmsmwm «mm.oss wem.wm -s-.H u oem.poe s-s.eov s e = moumems m.v -o.soH- - . . oo ome- ems omm hoe.svs san.pa mm~.v~ o-o.eem ~ms.aem omH oo.mm omm : -m.sm- -m.e- -o.mm- -om.mam- me Head s mew awn omo.ees www.ma mam.m n -v.mmm omm.mom e e a -m mm- -e.e- -m.mm- mam He coma www.mmm» mmm.mms msm.e- owe a. -e.b- . . .00 «He- m Hem mam» mo-» 00 om m «as» oeummma .muwmmc umoo am 2330 58 796 cu mun-098 momma-.0 momumfi T..- we no 0- mummmm Eon . . 2 my . w o c . w ocH no 0-3 5 .usuwmo oumom 800m muse- o pom-m H Snood wmo av mmoq osoocH Hen-08 pounce-0m a am 06005" >723» .umummo -muoe be new beau Hence cowuese momalmmmH mom made“ AdHUZ-«ZHE Hx amt-B 120 a fund raising organization and a development program.36 About a year later, February, 1963, the contract with the consulting agency was can- celled because of personnel problems. The board began immediately, how- ever, to implement a number of the proposals made by the consulting agency.37 D. Paul Huffman, the secretary of the Board of Directors from the founding of Bethel, was named Director of Development and Christie A. McDonald, a former employee of fund raising agencies, Executive Secretary in the office of developmenc,38 The board instructed these men to institute a crash program to raise $100,000 toward the cost of construc- tion of the science building. The campaign failed.39 It is possible that this failure was a blessing in disguise, for Paul Huffman caused his fellow-board members and the President tetnmexamine their attitudes and approaches toward the financial support of the college. President Pannabecker included in his reports lengthy but well written and pointed statements by Mr. Huffman about the fiscal policies of the Board and the Support of the church.40 It cannot be questioned that Mr. Huffman was very influential in the board's decision to formulate the resolution about board member involvement which was quoted in the prior section. It is also 36"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel (:011ege,' March 20, 1962, p. 9. 37"Minutes of the Board of Directors of Bethel College," February, 16, 1963. 331bid., March 19, 1963. 391bid., February 16, 1963; "President's Report to the Board of DlreCtors of Bethel College,” September 24, 1963, p. 14. 40"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel College,” January 14, 1964, pp. 12-15 and June 1, 1964, pp. 17-22. 121 significant that in 1964-65 the gift income toward operating expenses increased from $24,249 to $79,088 and the following year to $114,100. Respectively, these amounts represented fifteen and nineteen per cent of the total Operating budget. Prior to 1964-65 the gift income to the operating budget averaged around five per cent.41 This improved financial support by the supporting conferences was not extended, however, to additional giving to capital development. The board authorized negotiations for loans to cover the entire cost of construction for the Hall of Science, Oakwood Hall, and the maintenance building. These buildings raised the total assets accumulated at cost from $770,524 to $1,291,745 but at the same time the total real indebted- ness was increased to $804,152 from $284,321.42 It is thus not surprising that President Pannabecker began to Write about money in his reports to the board. In 1966 he confessed the following: "I find myself concerned more and more about money. I am conCerned because this has driven me into loss of sleep which is rela- tively new in my experience.”3 In 1967 he reflected on the dismal clouds of iI‘Iflation and the competition for students and gift income and the following year Pannabecker drew some comparisons from the year of his election to the presidency.44 He suggested that: In March of 1959 when I was elected president there were 319 students at Bethel. The budget you approved that year totaled $§139,ooo with expected gift income of $29,020. . . . The budget We present herewith hovers between $750,000 and $800,000 and that for only two hundred more students. Think of the stunned students \ 415ee Table x1, p. 119. 421bid. (:01 43"President's Report to the Board of Directors of Bethel 199e,” February 15, 1966, p. 15. 44Ibid., February 14, 1967, p. 6 and February 13, 1968, p. l. 122 who learned in 1959 that tuition was rising from $10 to $12 per hour and that a year of full time education with room and board Today's student at Bethel is paying $30 per hour might top $900! The gift income we will need and averaging $1800 for the year. to balance next year will be about the same amount of money that comprised the entire budget nine years ago. While the financial situation tended to present a gloomy picture, several redeeming factors were also noted. First, the net loss in the operating budget for the ten year period from 1959 to 1969 was only This was a rather good condition in view of the inflationary $20,873. It was also a con- tendencies of the general economy during this period. siderable improvement over the $60,777 net loss experienced during the Secondly, the sixty—six acres of land first twelve years of Operation. Comparing the anci buildings appreciated in value during this period. 196%; financial figures of approximately $800,000 indebtedness to $~1:300,000 in assets accumulated at cost does not reflect a true picture. An estimate of the total evaluation of the buildings and land would pro- bably have ranged from $2,500,000 to $3,000,000. Nearly $2,000,000 JJ‘s‘tlrance carried on the buildings and contents at minimum represented a more realistic figure for the assets of the college. Table XII The Board 25 Directors During the Second Presidency. lists the members of the Board of Directors by church district or other ca tegory, vocational area, school years and total years served for the Exazer<3<3 1959 to 1969, and the total years served from 1947 to 1969. An all a‘I-ilzi'asis of this table reveals that fifty—seven different individuals on the board for a period of one to ten years during the presi- cl’ of Ray P. 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I «cwscHucoov HHx mHmce 128 As was the case during the Goodman administration, there was considerable stability in the leadership of the board in the decade from 1959 to 1969. There were eight different individuals involved in the four major offices. The treasurer, Seth A. Rohrer, served the entire ten year period in addition to the twelve years as treasurer during the Goodman administration. The secretary, D. Paul Huffman, served the entire twenty-two years in that position also. Only two other individuals were on the board for the twenty—two years of Bethel's history: Reverend Quinton J. Everest, the first chairman and Reverend John E. Tuckey, the first vice-chairman. It is noteworthy that a minister had always been elected chairman luxtil 1967, when William E. White, an executive in a large manufacturing Ccuacern, was elected to that position. A layman was also elected vice— Chairman, and in fact, since 1967 all of the elected officers of the board haVe been laymen. A factor which influenced a change in the leadership was the reVision of the by-laws. In 1965, the board revised the by-laws relative t“) lfeepresentation on the board. Each church district was permitted a dit"iscztor on the board for each 400 members instead of the former 300 ""3"“13ters, until they reached a maximum of seven. The District Superin- t‘at‘cicent of the district was to be the first director.46 In 1966 the b<>al=‘<3 approved a proposal to increase the ratio of laity to ministers, Ia rléi Inequired that all nominees be contacted regarding their willingness ‘:<> . . . . 47 '53mo mo moeommHo m IHomH uoHNoe .2 Nchmum oneeooom morocme mo moeommHo m IgomH mono» cunx m vouommH oHuuum .: censor N HoummoH Nesta crow mmodzm2 mmmszom monedem oHHmoe mo moeommHo m noomH memoHum .> cosuoz v monmmmH mummm .3 oHocoo o oouoomH uwHusom .o uuebHa moneeHmm :omozo so moeommHo mezmooem mo z39 o ImomH umbwoo .o scams H ooINemH adorn .H neurone g monmmmH cocoa .m uana: zm2os mo zemo meme HemmmHH so momHHoo .zemo moH>mmm moummmH moH>mmm moammmH mo 2mme made» mo reps warms HHBX 59-3. 137 men and dean of women were merged and placed under the supervision of the office of dean of students which was initiated in 1960. The services per- formed by the director of public relations and the director of church relations were merged in 1963 under the office of director of develop- ment. The admissions function was established in a separate office and a director was named in 1965. In 1961 the teacher education program was placed under the respon— sibility of a person separate from the academic dean's office with the naming of a director of teacher education. Table XVII reviews the names of the administration and faculty who were employed full time from 1951 through 1969, by year of employment and highest degree obtained in any particular year of employment. The total years served in the twenty-two year history of the college is also given. Raymond M. Weaver, Associate professor of Piano and Organ, has been on the faculty since the founding of Bethel College, and Kenneth L. Robinson, Professor of English, has served the school since 1948 or twenty-one years. Table XVIII lists the number of faculty at each of five educational levels during the tenure of Dr. Pannabecker. These charts reveal that the number of faculty ranged from twenty in 1959-60 to thirty-six in 1968-69. The average number of faculty for the period was twenty-eight. Sixty different individuals were employed with the average term of service being 4.6 years. This is comparable to the 4.5 year average during the Goodman administration. Five of the sixty were initially appointed in 1968 and another three were first employed in 1967 which tends to decrease the average years of service. An analysis of Table XVIII, page 143, shows that for the period 1959-69 there were no teaching faculty members with less than a Bachelor's 138 m e H H H H H mud-Hm .3 oncooe .m N N m m moo-muse .3 Honor .N m m m m m m m 0-3283 .m sum: .o v v m m m m csowm .U oooum .m m m v v v momonm .> cmswoz .v H H H cmEoccoum pwosomt .m mH N v v m m m m m m moHusom .o unoch .N N N N N opossum .o oHocom .H moINgmH molmmmH mm W m w W m.- mw w m. % mmINva mid-z muse» ooH>wwm 9 9 9 T T T T T w. T ooH>uom HMHOB NO omhfi 6 8 L 9 S .V C.- 7- T. O NO emu». msumum NuHsomm cqu mwoum m>HummuchHEo¢ I a ouowouooo oocwom I m common m.uouooo HON pouoneou mucosowHocom oocochom I v .Q.m no common m.woummz I m common m.onocoom I N common m-uoHocomm unocuH3 mchHsHB Hoocom cmHm whom I H "commoH momHlbva NUH>mmm b0 m¢ HMMm ho EEMB HH>X ”Haze 139 N N m m omeuorumoH .o more .NN N N H H H NusoH tron. .NN m m m m m m m m m m m couneroo .o anse .HN v v m m m m resumes Home .o. .ON N N m m 3.60: .m min- .3 m m m m m m m e ensues .2 oHHwo .mH N N m m nuHcouo oHocoo .NH N N m m undo .2 ocHHsom .oH 0H 0H e v e g e g m m m m umbuuo .o oases .mH N N m N xHHum .m ouoruHm .eH H H m nHHHm .2 room .NH o o m m m m m m uoHHm buses .0 .NH H H m mHso .m crop .HH e H N m oxooo .2 nHHue .oH N N m m m m m m m oouooo .H oHocoo .m .HN”. ”mm” o o m N. w o e m... e e Mme.“ 9.: H309 no .93. w m w W 9 W m..- w W Mu, uo .mw» HooscHucoo- HH>x names LI 140 m m g e g g m m N N noeHum .2 Home .em OH 0H m m m m m N m m m m mdeHre .3 remotes .NH m m m m m m m HHmrumme :Nurumx. .om «H OH N N N N N N N N N N g noxuobmccoe .e Nos .mm N N m m m N m m m comHo .o onnom .gm HH oH m m m m m m m m m m H rouoouoz .e uuoHHHm .NN m m m m m muoocoHHoz mom rouorm .NN N N m N c0umHu2 mHHHrm .o .HN g g H H H H oHtroouz .e .o. .ON g g N N N N commune: .o .oH5mo. .NN m m N N N HHoncmz euHHd .NN o N N m g xnou .H eHchone .NN o o m m H m m m N N N ocHnosu nHoH. .oN m m m m m m m HHo>0H .o ouo .mN o o m m m m m m 3:0H uuwbom .gN SIN-.NH mono... S w w w m w w a m m. mo. mmINeoH mrdz muse» eoH>uom - - - - - - - - - - ooH>mom H309 NO emu» @ w m)- % @3- W m- m We; M MO . mu» Acoscwucoov HH>X mHm¢B 141 o o N N N N N N uoHNes .2 oHoooo .NN NH 0H m m N N m m N N m N N uoHNms .3 noHuoro .NN N N g e e g g N N nommsoum .m :oHH< .HN m m N N N N N N oHooum .: oumzom .om H H N NoHcoum .e umummuoze .mg H H N mucus-em...- 0E-63 .N- .3 N e N N N N N nooNon .s HHouH> .Ng m N e e N N N N N N nooNcm .m o-ouo: .ov m m N N N N N ruHEN .2 Non .mg N N N N N noon .3 econ .ev NH H H NH wascm .H moocmmma .mg 0 o N N N N N N nuHsrom ouHeumm .Nv HH e e e v e N optom .m nobHH3 .Hv N N N N N mom .m meson .oe HN 0H v v e e e v v e e e HH eonchom .H raucous .NN mwuNemH mouse-NH % w m m“ w w w m... m. mo. SIN-.NH mzez H00? TOM-(HUM _ . _ . . . . - . OOMEOm :38 no .8; w w w w w w m m m w co .2... HomscHucoo- HH>x MHmee 142 N N N N H rooN Nruouoo .oo N N N N uuNHuN .o eooHHm .NN N N H H H H H Home» 53...... .NN H H N .uo .NHHH3 .2 meson .NN NN oH N N N N N N N N N N NH uo>oo3 .2 ocoSNnm .NN o o e e e g g e noose .H can»: .NN NH N N N N N N N N N 0H uoHNee .2 NoHcouN .NN NNINVNH NNINNNH m m.- m m w w w m m. a NNINVNH N222 muse» ooHWuom 9 T 9 T T T T T T W 03500. H309 mo mu» 6 8 L 9 S .V E Z I no .ou» HooscHuaoo- HH>x mumee 1 1 143 meadow NuHsoom 29H: mmoum eeHuouunHeHeoea omN 0N Nv moH Nm NH Hmeoe on N o HN N Na moImooH on N h mH 0 Ha mwlhon on N N 0N N Na Nolooon mm m w mH Na Na wwlmomH on m m 0H Ha Na mwlvon mN N m mH m Ht molmooH vN N N NH v H. moINooH HN N N NH v H« NoIHooH HN H N VH N Na HoloooH ON H N NH N ma owloqu Hmeoe common ouooHccoU common .o.m common common m-onoroom m.w0uooo Hemouooo mo m.woumoz m.moHocosm o uoocuH3 mchHowe peruse Hoorum 26H: unoe mmlmmmH ZOmh m¢m> rocw mom ZOHfiflmdmwdfi UHZMDflUfl m0 mmHmOOmF¢U N>Hh m0 rUdm 2H VFHDUdh ho mMmZDZ WIF HHH>X NHm