127
187
THS

 

GROWTH OF PEAS IN WATER CULTURE
UNDER VARIOUS LIGHT EXPOSURES

THESIS FUR THE DEGREE UF PH. D.
Orman E. Street
1932

 

 

 
 

UM IDEA IIDII$ .

W
M; :=r/

 

 

GROWTH OF PEAS IN WATER CULTURE UNDER
VARIOUS LIGHT EIPOSURES

by

Oman E. street

A THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Doctor
of Philosophy at Michigan State College
of Agriculture and Applied Science.

1938

Department of Botany
East Lansing. Michigan

THLbla

 

 

 

\-

CROWTH 0T P"S I” ”3?”? CURTEPT U39 3
V.»'\I€I< 7’8 LIE??? 'DCPOE‘U' "CS
1. Carbohydrate-nitrogen Relationships

Urmnn E. Street(1)
Connecticut irricnlture Txneriment Station

. Introduction
A voluzinous literature has grown up on the
subject f the balance between the organic constituents
in plants. The greater part of the evidence has supported
the hypotheses advanced by Kraus and Kraybill (13), but
not all the results have substantiated their views. The
tendency has been to employ radical treatments, especially
as regards control of nitrogen supply, conclusions being
advanced on comparisons between a very low and a very much
higher level of nitrate nitroqen in the culture medium.
Such wide differences of treatment were perhtps necessary
in order to prove or eisprove the soundness of the primary
hypothesis. However, in the present work, it was considered
advisable t0 keep the nitrogen snnply within the same order
(1) The writer is inéebted to Fr. H. ?. Fibbnrd, iichiqnn
State College, for patient guidance flaring the course of the
experiments. He is further indebted to ?r. H. F. Clements,
tnshington State College, for suggestions in the planning of
the work, and to Dr. P. J. Anderson for permission to
complete the necessary analytical work in the laboratory of

the Tobacco Sub-station, Connecticut Agricultural fixperiment
Station.

1.0381,. 53

of magnitude in all cultures. The employment of
differential water cultures of the same total osmotic
concentration permitted this control, as well as that
of the other nutrient materials.

as use of several light exposures was a
necessary complement to this study, in View of the well-
eetabliehed effect of light duration on growth and

reproduction.

-3-

Historical

The literature on water cultures has been
thoroughly reviewed by a number of writers, among others
by Tottingham (26), Chive (22), Hoagland (10) and Hibbard
(C) and (9). In view of the divergence of theme under which
workers have published, it hardly seems necessary to I
enlarge on the renoral literature. A great variety of
salt combinations have been develOped, but the simplest
and the one most widely used at tie present tine is that
of Chive (23). It has been shown by rcfiargue (16), Sommor
and Lipman (24), Brenchley (3), haze (18) and »others
that plants require very small amounts of variOus elements.
The requirements for such elements as aluminum, zinc,
chlorine, manganese, silicon, iodine, boron and perhaps
others are so small that they are usually supnlied by im-
purities in the chemicals used, or by dissolution from
containers. This very interesting phase of plant nutrition
was touched upon only incidentally in the present work. '

The exhaustive studies of Garner and Allard (5),
(6), (7), on light effects in plants have been extended
by Nightingale (19), (20), taxinov (17), icClelland (l5),
Tincker (25), an} 'anser (27). i recent publication of
Arthur, Guthrie and flawell (1) summarizes the greater part
of this work. The last named authors also attempted to

control other climatic factors, such as moisture, temperature,

-4.

carbon dioxide concentration of the air, as well as the
intensity, quality and duration of light. The general-
ization that an increase of light period brings about an
increase in carbohydrate content and a decrease in
nitrogen content is so well established by different
workers with various plants that it barely needs

repetition.

Elan of 'Xperinent
The eXperimerts of Clements (4), reported in
1928, were perferned in the same laboratory as the present

a some of his

&)

work, and it was with a view toward testis
conclusions that the following experiments were initiated.
Fe used the triangular system of Tottingham (26) and Shiva
(23), growing single cultures or 40 plants in three gallon
creeks. his nest important conclusion was that the supply
of potassium has a very marked influence on nitrogen as-
similation, at least under longer light exposures. In
order to test this finding, it was decided to use the same
salt combination, KH2P04,Ca(N03)2, and “$804, and grow
duplicate cultures in selected culture solutions. The
following were chosen as being representative of different
portions of the trianfile, as well as giving different com-
binations of potassium and nitrogen, under the conditions

recommended by Livingston (14).

Table 1 0
Differential Culture Solutions, Type 1
Osmotic Concentration, 1 atm.

Solution molecular Prepcrtions Partial Volume molecular

Eunber P ortions
KH2904 Ca(§03)2 P3804, KH2P04 Cs s03)2 NgSO4
1-1-6 1 1 6 .0027 .0027 .0161
1-6-1 1 6 1 .0020 .0122 .0020
2-2-4 2 2 4 .0049 .0049 .0099
3-3—2 3 5 2 .0068 . ” .0045
5-1-2 5 1 2 .0123 .0024 .0049

-6-

In addition to the salts employed above, small
amounts of iron, manganese and boron were added to the
culture solutions. Preliminary tests showed that 2.2-4.0
p.p.m. iron in ferric tartrate, 0.66-2.0 p.p.m. boron in
boric'scid, and 0.55-2.0 p.p.m. manganese in manganous
chloride were the Optima, and the lower amounts were used
in subsequent experiments.

The culture solutions were cianged once a week.
Transpiration losses tore made up by the addition of
distilled water during the latter part of the growing
period. The cultures were aerated for a period of two
hears every day.

Light exoosures of ten, thirteen and seventeen
hours were chosen as representing the range of light
period under which normal growth might be expected. The
longer periods were in part artificial light, the ten
cultures of each group being arranged under a battery of
lights suspended five feet shows the greenhouse benches
and supplying 2000 watts at 110 volts. heasurcments of
light intensity were not made, as the duration of light
has been found by Garner ct a1 (7) to be tte most signi-
ficant factor, provided the intensity is not too law.
However, comparison of illumination per unit area, as
used in these'experinonts, with that encloyed by Arthur

et s1 (1) would indicate that the intensity was Quite high.

-7-

to water screens hots on the lights and the plants were
available, but the heating effect was not noticeable.
As the plnnts grow teller, the lights were raised.

The 10 hour plants received only solar light,
altered, of course, by the glass of the greenhouse.
These cultures were grown in large wooden boxes which
were fitted with light tight covers and ventiltted by a
shutter arrangement similar to that employed in photo-
graohio dark rooms. The period of illurinetion of these
cultures was 8 A. 3. to 6 P. H.

The 13 hour plents were protected from the
artificial lirht source of the 17 hour plants by curtains
of fine weave, block centric cloth. These curtains were
drawn around the bench at the end of the 13 hour period
and withdrawn early in tTe morning.

Knott's Excelsior field pens, obtained from the
richignn State Perm Bureau, Lansing, Richigen, were used
throughout tle experiments. They were found to be an
excellent type for this work, having a sturdy growth
habit and flo erin; freely. Before being placed in the
germinstor the seeds were sterilized in 1-250 formalin
for 20 minutes, washed in tap water and soaked for a few
hours. They'sere then placed between layers of moist
peper towelling in a large galvanized iron pen. After

about three days a uniform lot of tie more vigorous

-8-

seedlings with reefs .eusuring owe inch in length was
selected For the experiment. 5% so selectel sccfillngs
were fitted into perforated corFs eec“ o? :Hich hcl? five
plants. The three gallon culture jars were fitted with
perforated aluminum covers, each of which held.eight
corks, mckinf a total of 40 plonts cor culture.

In the first two series, the seedlings which
were damaged in handling were replaced during the first
few days of the exceriment. In the final series a number
of extra corks were precared and allowed to remain in con-
tact with tap water until the experiment had progressed
about two fieye when replace ent of corks not having a
corplete stand was rude. By the latter technique, a
sareuhet more uniform stand was obtcinod.

The chemical analyses refs in connection with
this work rere only on the torn and pods and were as follows:
filtrate nitrogen, total nitrogen not including nitrates,
single sugars, sucrose, starch and heal-cellulose. Physical
measure ents includefi top length in cent netera, green
weight of top: (anfl pods when found), dry weight of t0p8,

roots and pods.

Chemical 1'56 “10:13

In order to ottein coaperetlv results, the
Che icel rethofis for carbohydrates and total nitrofien not
including nitrates (organic n‘trcgen) were the same as
those reported 1y Clonencc (4). 111 samples for carbo-
hydrate finvlrres “crc yrcscrred in alcohol to Which a
smell qu"ntity of ammonium hydroxi e the adjed to
neutralize plant acids. A laboratory exferinent with
ripe tomato pulp stowed tret this base wee Koch preferable
to calcium cerbonnte cswecislly when the letter wee used
in excess of requirements to neutralize plant acids.

The fieverdn method for nitrate nitrogen was
tried rut gave such unreliable results that it was soon
discarded. The impossibility'of preventing the breakdown
of the simpler nitrogenous compounds such as amino-acids.and
anidea,end tre consequent high results, renders the method
eerthless for plant material. The rodificstion of the
Gilbert method by Foltz and Larson (11) gave very good

results. 311 figures resorted are on a drybweirht basis.

-10-

ino Hr Arontsl Iiesults
Series I wss started on Lurch 13, 1328 snfl ran
until ray 14, 1928, a period of’nine weeks. Blossom.
spoearefl unfier 17 hour light three weeks after trans-
planting of the seedlings. Both the louver light periods

;roduced pods sbunclsntly and at the tLie of harvest the

#73

*5

05s core beginning to ripew. The rt 11 Lt plants
blossorod t0wsrd the end of the yeriod, but developed only
a very few )ods. Control of the t qweratir; in tle greens
house was not difficult durinr tines months, eni ulture
conditions were goncrully sntisfectory. It was necessary
to use "Lemon Oil Spray” to control rod solders in the
greenhom1 e and to give the cyanide treatment for white
flies and aphids. The plants were not at any time
seriously affected by tiese inso cts.

Series II ran from Jrne 13,1928to Tulv 31,1928
a period of seven weeks. Due to tie h finer air temperature
in the greenhouse nt this time, tre plants matured more
rapidly, and the unifcrxity of plants in a single CL zltzlre
was not as sntisfnctor.. The light inton sit ;<: was 9150
hiyhor at this lotcr time, and tFis appcrcntly hqfl some
offocc on the are th in Lcirbt on? carbohyfirsto content
of the pls‘. ts
In Series III it was forfied to ligit the experi-

ment to 10 and 13 hour ligt‘ pcriods, to have trcotnsnts in

-11-

‘

mate tn? exteriment when the plants

j—h

triplicate anfl to term
were ve3etatlvelv develoy ad but had not set fruit. The
cultures were start ad “. 714, 1929 and ran until June 12,
199.9, a geriod of fox? weeks. *t this season of the year,
the days were long enoufh to qn1t the use 0’ artificial
light for any pfirt of the 15 hour period.

The average tap length v.an USHfl 313 3reztost in
the solutions supplying the highest preportion of nitrates,
indicating the greater tendency for vegetative growth with
a pore liberal S’pply 0f nitr'tes he dry vci3ht of
tops ».-9 Imi.hest with hi13h nitrntca in fin o:_un1 number
0” 5ronos but no t 1.n trJu Sfififl cultures in ovary case.

In order to establish the relative value of
the various treatments in dry weiwkt profinctinn, the
totnl dry weight per plant, exclusive of_pods, was re-
duced to a ratio, Malin3 the beat treatrent in each group
as unity. TPcse t1os are 31vnn in the last column of

tables 2, 3, uffl 4.

' -12-

Table 2

PHYSICAL E'LRASURTT?3'YZT~ITS OF PETS- GY‘EO"?! IN T‘.‘.’.’f‘T~‘."-..’ CULTURE.

Serial 1.

M't- P8P plant in 33:9. pr (2)

 

 

- :7
he atment ( 1) Ave . 1201) length ‘5 'e 131': t
in centimeters Top. Roots Pods Ratio
17 hours light
1-1-6 ' 52. 5 o o 1860 o 6390 O 90
1-6-1 52.5 1.0865 .2774 .7719 1.00
5-1-2 4700 .7649 .1904 .5500 .70
3-3-2 51.6 .0184 .2755 .6210 .87
2-2-4 45.5 .6216 .1559 .5206 .57
13 hours livht
1-1-6 50.8 .7886 .1555 .4051 .70
1-6-1 50.6 .8404 .1817 .3264 .76
5-1-2 49.9 .9025 .2549 .5704 .85
3.3.2 5309 .9300 .3826 :04515 .98
2-2-4- 50.8 1.0812 .2527 .5277 1.00
10 hours 11 ht
1-1-6 39.0 .45 .1058 .67
1-6-1 45.6 .7007 .1561 1.00
5-1-2 53.5 .4195 .1066 .62
5-5.2 40.8 .4984 .1429 .76
2-2-4 41.5 .4402 .1506 .71

(1) Culture solution, Shivo's 1.00 atmosohere. lat figure
KHz(PO4), 2nd figure Ca(N03)2, 3rd fi3ure $3834.

(2) Dry weight: of taps and roots, but not of pods, were
commuted to a ratio by giving the highest weight in the
group the value of 1.00, and refiucing others to decimal

arts of this value.

'7'

Table 5

PIPISIC-‘L 1'77157‘13777‘ 3378 O? P7335 GHQ"?! If} 17.17772 CUL’JiMT-f.

Series II

Ave. dr3;wt. per lent in 3mg Dry(2)

 

 

Treatment(1) Avo. top length Veight
in centimeters T0ps Roots Pods Ratio
17 hours light
1-1.6 30.5 o .0962 .1854 .71
1-6-1 38.8 .9160 .1456 .2703 1.00
5-1-2 36.3 .7541 .1328 .2105 .83
3-3-2 39.7 .8785 .1297 .1171 .94
2-2-4 34.4 .7158 .0979 .1248 .76
13 hours 11"ht
1-1-6 33.8 .5183 .0824 .0578 .75
1-6-1 42.0 .7092 .0806 .1000 1.00
3.3.2 3609 .6142 00:98 .1153 08
2-2-4 31.0 .4919 . 792 .0828 .77
10 hours light
1-1-6 21.8 . .0337 .81
1.6.1. 24 o 2 0 2296 o 0400 o 70
5-1-2 24.3 .2604 .0527 .79
3-3-2 25.3 .3313 .0624 1.00
2-2-4 23.5 .2233 .0467 .38

(1) Culture solution, Shivo's 1.00 atmosphere. lst f13*“e
KH2(PO4), 2nd figure Ca(fi03)2, 3rd figure 33304.

(2) Dry weights of taps and roots, but not of pods, were
computed to a ratio by giving the highest weight in the
group tho'valuo of 1.00, and reducing others to decimal
parts of this value.

Treatment(1) Ave.

hfwnIf‘l" 7

1-1-6
1-6-1
5-1-2
3-3-2
2-2-4

1-1-6
1-6-1
5-1-2
3-3-2
2-2-4

1-6-1 was

3-3-2 was oeconfi host
reuniting three trcntc
weighted average of these ratios

'89

98.9% as effio

From these rrtios it can

~ on

$13!),

dry'voig-t.

(1)

(2)

C1‘1‘npn solar?- 1hr,

KH3(?O4),

?'Y.19‘h11?-'1~’...‘...Trflo
I ‘ 1
- o.-.'~.

I --4 ‘.a

-14-

Series III

Ave. d5: wt. uer giant in 329
to; lenqth

in centimeters

24.6
32.4
000°
3 0.6

05.

24.3
25.7
20.5

2.8

24.?

test in :13

Both of these

13 the

Tape

‘13 hours linht

10 hours

‘73756

.5852
.0275
.3526
.3327

livbt

 

3n:: :0 Iii-“’1‘:

.2509
.2758
.2760
.2500

5:71-35:58 that

Shive' s 1.;0 Pt..swuoie.

.-1"01

solutwi

9.- ~~n av. -“

I
0.141.;

Root-

.0830
.1012
.0936
.0939
.0785

o 0504
.0722
.0624
.0657
.0614

lbt f1

2nd figure Ca(flOs)2, 3rd rib “e “3304.

n
:1 9.). CF".

'...

{317(2)
Weight -
Ratio

.89
1.00
.86
.92
.84

.92
1.00
.86
.98

.80

soon that solution

-113 solution
a . The

:onts were all iictinctlv inf orior. a

O

iont an solutionJ-Gnl in profiuction of

solutions are the highest in

f-II‘O

Irv woivhts of tor a and roots, but not of pods, wo*o

m~uut9d to a

ratio by giving the h

best height in the

3roup the value of 1.00, and re .ucin" others to deoinial
parts of “19 anf8

-1:i-

achum nitrate of those c¢,loye&. Solution 5-1-2, with

. .s .- ,.,'v-‘ ‘I' 1-.‘ ." fill " _§‘ 1. ' g
in 23233221”, Ioauucu 22.9% of L33 wry 232

1-6-1 CPeflt ant, afiile 1-1-8 and 2-2-4, bo*h Iigh in

o ._ . .' . .I
magnusmum, each yvondcod 83.2?. 2320? L~V

.1“
O
a

engloyod, a LIQL sunglg 0. calcium nItP2te has thn Most
favorable f0? vo3etativo growth.

V

Results of car ohydrato anal"ses

'f Series I,

taps, are shown in Table 5. The term "tepc", as us.d in

(I?
L...
5'-»
L.
to

paper, inclnTos t(25, petioles, and leaves, and

do

’3
CD
(7

not include pods. It uws not 3022EL10 to separate

‘

1:110 aerial paints and seems 3:1,-..12 .4359 met-3h f:~3‘ analy-
eis. £1.11 0.» ‘ool 3dr: fuss {.20 co 13:3in to (1% luccse 1.253.113
Funson and Talker's table (2).

' The f13u3;5 p:(:sontcd 13?, are tic average of

tie implicate culturcs, 21th duplisfte deter inltions of
each sample. TYus cash afitry represents the average
aralysis of a groan of 20 plants.

’9 an 216 to Interpret1tSr-n of the results, the
rrfio systefi was again 9 yloysd. fintios \cre cuznuted
upon the total sugars (sum of the eigwle sugars anfl
sucrose), total non-sugars (sum of starch and homicellulose)
and total carbohydrates.

I1 t3.29 302198, tie cu ture solutions supplying

8 ”135 pronort103 4” .93m1311" afiljflnto rare he most

efficient in 3r030t133 tVO elaborat‘on of sugars. This

was *r13 31 n11 1 j‘t cwwonuwcs, tbe ovly iiscropancy
It

I -. In (‘1 li" ~ ~~q ~x- -.. . -‘ ‘ l'“. r“
bet“: in ti. Q~u"{ axa,*.v-t n .7 1013 11h-t. 0L

5-1-2, 111:7} ‘I’ :“r‘fi"1;-?;‘s.:".-y-;",’z-.'-":._ mat 9‘18 ..{‘fin,1”1’.'~.’7 {1.6 the

rrrfiacluw rfiovn, “Lila fin saluticn rift 3n calcium nitrate

.0

263 917? 70 par 0*rt 9? ‘1fh in G?11 FHfVTQ an PFC 1-1-6
trrfi+ nfit.
Tn f”? fC?fi"t1?n r? refin sfrrlfi or"t

.<‘.~. I .0 ' ‘6‘“ ,.-, IR .& _- 7 ’ . F an o n - «‘I ‘ 1
car 1‘.3S, 4‘9 cat :“fic -,1L sn»v.1 n fins ;.*wr *7 be

$1? ‘ffh we???

Z.)

‘- q a - A a .' 0. ,‘ 1. . x
117*: vast eat. 1H.) 1". "1. mt (id-"“1553-

tcrély 1cufi 5% all 1111? a: figures ’ka nvhrcze 3f the

mnygcf f5» 91] 14:%t firtwarts 31r¢¢fi it in th? fo“e.

Pclnt’WW 1-fi-], war Pj‘in tF1 111$? efficient, tPilfi the

rrvrcslvw tract 221$ K??G cansistcntly road.
Tfi n 2???? 1? tbs totfi1 c1"bCF73rfit€S, *Fo rost
5*1?V?fi* 3.???r-10n 31 111 low 341“1 flan+nut 1n q<1nf101

-J

1-3-1, f3 “a? 31;? E! 1::wfl gP4"%€in‘3y 1“ 71f“rfi 1. {In

?“'* "“1““ 1* wnfi ”10991““V +0 select scrb are snlt and

o-' “5'-— - ...‘- il|m-- n.-_\.-.‘-_,...J a
I
Orr-“.119. H19 ‘Cf7-".7f‘.t:“.'~f1“t8 to as to chm? the fivefla‘clma with
re? act to t“nt salt. The finenht of Ca(fi021o in two
1. ' H
culfiuhe ?01“t10fi3 flecrc"scs Frnr loft +0 fiijht.) Pncqnso

of fVG snfiérficvfltv of 1k? T“”*‘P*TV fficnfrrnfs {W the
.. t

+

r“""ht1?n of evihrs ”“i tPC pofisw um r:1t.erts ifi the

trarsfnrfifi+icw a? Pvfdhs 1yto rfifiugw:npg’ fp~ twg Cg¢qrs

wow» n‘ow? cqnt137 n?” ciiv 1% “uflfifnihifig a Fifh total

‘f‘“(\ L: A- ‘_ _ 'r.’ (‘ $‘f‘fl~‘ ,«4. ..2 1‘. 3 .TO‘-.'f‘.“ . -... u.- .,.,, yr, -.'p 1 '0 V" Qrs“.\ ~
I w . 1 ' , , l-b . I . erl
‘ A I ‘ ~ . .‘ h. .— h n _ .. I - 1 . -. §’ '.~ .. .. ‘- .'. ‘. ‘J - ' L. ‘ - -.' -‘J

.1: N .L1., 1 ..l - 1n r11 -. n . 3 - t. a. 1,
'1.: $13-. 0 T1*?i! 1. } .0 , :’1STVI 17" . 5‘1- *K1‘”f131‘1‘

a. . ' .

6????“tr‘rzt’ffirz 1*: t‘ 1 ‘ (“Chm “W‘hfg'nnrtr‘! this urn...
‘-

-/ ‘4 L \- 1 -L4 , . ' s m ,, .L. ~-‘- .._

Pa‘qn‘ -. Al‘. ' ‘1‘ ~~". “ “1-1. 4 \ , ".‘ \ . Q’ ‘ '0“ any ~ 4 V‘.""". ‘- ’ I.
x- :.-A.'. 1 1M (3'7 '4 y - L' L. ' 1‘9: 9 1. ‘-'-' " van} 3‘
f1.” 1 v. Ant” r3‘sr11,')r.‘n ‘, :--1- ”Y‘I.. f. |:"\ n"“.‘.- 61‘ .f‘ s" n4-.\nr~ 'v‘cng
I. .. “'2'". ‘, ‘-._. q. ‘_ -lg) '.. ' ‘-.I .- .‘ .' -. .' I- «I! .o ‘-'.'L~. ..)~., .k-..’
Ctr, . I" H w ' (x . ~ '5‘ f‘ ’1 ~ \ f“ ~ ~ 0- -"_ '5‘- ‘9‘ "v -. ' +21 ‘ " 8 "r\ P ' o‘ q I“ '5"?
d. .4. ‘- 0 - ‘v _ , . q I. i !. .o— ~- ~ J u . ' \ . - . a, . a...‘ ; J. x a
S ’ y
- fl 0- . ‘ V I n .9
v‘ .- H “‘W] ., ‘5 ' t 1h H" 1 9"" "-- -\~"\°"-'|’-"- ' ‘°"- N -‘o‘ .‘ A
In .- 1 r: 1“ M. n.‘- C 14. J ‘ vi" Jo-“ * U ‘ \' n I '2 LI . ‘ ' ) .' - £ ’9, ‘. . . "v" ( ‘ C ‘~ ."1 -- v...

i ' O A x - ‘ Q. Q ‘ . A“ )2 ‘. Q
r1-1_--V\(.tcs in ‘Q’i': '9‘1..9 " ‘r‘?'I/\‘ ‘ Viaaiifi I; Of ? 4 ‘ gt: 3 {3‘0

'.~ . . . -' ' . ¢ .5. ‘3 1 - ,-V _ L2,

£‘f‘“ "“1"”. ‘5‘“ “5",?“ 05 \‘(a T '\1~‘~1v~ fl ‘31 t! {L ‘1 (3 J“\ n L (5.x Q-s1'\ “fi“‘~"-fil‘ *r‘ :V f.‘f"
k V' " V . . ,' "\I \ '. --v.. o In. ' I) .J I: ' - l‘.‘ ,_ kt“J J i. I -5 , ‘3 1y

I
n» x'.- I-.-

-,1... “A. , . . . . ‘4‘. .9 _, .. ~13 a a-
¢“fi‘ . ,0 ’1 *ct1'7111« d£110 f * -11*53. ‘ *Y*? 30

'-. \ ‘ u. a 1“- . ‘. . ~ ’- m. -\‘ u '3 wt ‘1 " -,' c ‘u a ‘ -. c .. g' - t
?. ‘."_ - f... l \ \‘\r~.£ ._A‘,,?Lr 3 1.30.: p1,“. 5". \_1 ’r f,“ 3"". ‘ (‘u‘t I f1‘ " ‘18,

5-"

. -. 9 ..A .1 , '9 l. .. a
I“ \- ""'3. (h ’5 “ M‘ "f ‘ f‘ NC, 1? ”M
‘An 1.1 [0.1 -', '-.- u .s. S x' 1'.) Cf s! D") L 3‘ 1 11.1.- 1

if 1? :vlfig‘f f““ *‘1 w’vk C‘f~€ *”q* r111 rnai?11 PfT~cts
VC?1§ L;fcrd.§fln,cu i3: 3 :brcthfl.

I; it "Vif 'pgarcr? frr~ “15v" 1 t?» ftp
Frfi'ffiznfi'19 333?t Lwrtff¢*‘"13t bfr“11”1crat f1u30fi“ 1“

r‘vc.+w=.--4~m~-- Mn » m1 1mm? m nr“-".,*»‘-'~v~*"‘-"‘r~ n+re~vw'*s m
. __ ‘L .p . g.‘, I .‘1 s l 4 . ‘,. ' .a .k. ‘ L ~.'~ ~ ’ ‘,_

a - . ~ - ' .-~: 3 .. . ..1 ,r “b ' ~Q|
the ylant. ”his is {a {5?60‘P1t . fin ..v . 21‘.” 0t a1

3 - .. ," J»? (‘3 (on \ (f’ i. \
(1}, Cnflnor ct n1 (7), DV‘ fi, ova 1”), ‘1 ,, .w,.
r“ ‘ r. ‘u ‘ -'~ . 1‘.’ u Q. W ‘- I. O. 7" ~‘I ‘ '. '
Jab1e u L130 fitcsnrts t,: rwrsw.3 0; 02.1110 and

found in 118 ”ark, Run rn+irolv to +19 differcxce in

-1293-

mom.
00¢.
man.
can.
mom.

ammo
mam.
who.
mfib.
Noe.

nod.
mum.
moa.
mmH.
00H.

ax

1 .
newoppac some
ouchuaz

mw.¢ QO.H 00.9
¢v.¢ om. mn.m
mo.¢ so. no.9
bw.¢ a . mm.m
ou.v ow. Hmom
Hm.n cm. Hooaa
mm.» mm. n¢.ad
moon co.H whomd
ow.n Mm. bn.oa
Hm.n mo. mo.m
hm.n OO.H aroma
mw.n om. m¢.nd
«now am. o¢.na
an.» on. ww.m
ba.n we. ab.ua
& oaumn, a
mug: mcuwzmpncnnao
oeHGMpo Hanan
an“ _ ”PLUG

 

 

00.” an.» mm.o
rm” ,mmnm ab”:
1.11 mm...“ ”a
.8 mu. m No.5
uxzfia apron 0H
ow. «n.m an.m
pm. wm.a ¢n.m
oo.H wa.m om.n
mp” monw bbua
mm a _ mm m
untaa mason ma
oo.H om.w mu.
be. mo.¢ wo.c
mm. bw.¢ 15.9
vb. mm.m ;
8.4: 030$. s.
uxcufl mhfios pa
oapmp m m
nn¢mnm omOHaH
ado IHoanoL noun a

H moupow

m

18

mm.
mm.
mm.
ab.

oo.d

OO.H
mm-
am.
an.

mo.

Ofluwh
mfimmiw

and unoweowua mpqmnhmoum.

chow
Om.n
bmofi
moom
whom

Hmom
bmon

mm

3.100.
CC C

ovon

om.n
O¢.s
mm.¢
>>.H
o..w

A.»
1

.J.’ MAP...

whom
Nmufi
Hmom

a...
W.

omom

He.n
mm.n
no.»
mo.m
$5.»

awow
bbom
H&.fl
mHon

3.0
t. .u

Q.

“flezoo

..
I

VONQN
minim
«Iain
Humid
Olfitfl

«swim
mvnln
NOHIm
HtmvH
QDHIH

wimcm
«In!»
minim
Hum!“
thUH

mnawzm uncfiumoua
Hanna «moposm oanfiam

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

... firm", : \
—*“‘— 1
1;
l
9 TOPS
We‘-
3 _ L 6
a It)
69 \\
'1‘, .
k:
k
I: __ __ __ __ .—-—-1
i ///
I /
< IN 61/.
f -\T
4
<
1‘
E filial” "‘~’:‘/‘ g
3‘1" 2-5-4 I‘I~6 £12
a;-
|
_____ 5E9_&——-'\£!§H

 

 

ORGANIC NIT/(06 EN
v4“
n
T

 

,1. x "f“ if: 17-6 ' .5 r}.-
1"! CULTURE SOLUTIONS

 

uwfi "3 . 1. n -P‘ __ 3 .‘-‘:" ... C _. ‘,‘

nitrorun canL mt w? toys a; r ,135 L.

-93-

anlyticn' 3:, 3333. The 311: V1133 5? t1“ ufitfl on nitrate
nitréian 333 to 1w€fcxt3 +¥e reserve sgpyly £1 :53 glfint,
C'rQ onfi QECQQ *FQ anQQt it is SEIQ to elisQT“?c. It 18
erQrQllv inc“ 11313? WQ’QQ S"Q?+ 11“%t Q3fi91tiens
T”Q Cthtnt of erQnic nit?3 :n 113 catively
ihCQnsfls‘onf with 13a sufiply of nitrogen in tlQ unflium.
-?13* firfiro 1 it 313*1 13 aan Httcfl t . {n t‘Q longer light
flurfit'sns tkefic was 2313 fiimunttion cf orjanic nitragen
as tfic sunnly of nifritos became lirfited, but this is
u“rwly worb t“Qn tlo 11 its 3? r: lov111rtnl ex rev.
TZ‘Q 11:11.1: 7"“1PQN n so!» 8 to be t‘ 0 rent 1"“mortant
factor in ”rtQ“"'fifnj +3Q 11331 Cf Qifvngcn assimithion.

The? is n3 afiifinmca L? Q corralrfin.1 bc‘.:cn uotnsnium

- v .3 ,., -,. 1. $1-. , a
aggrlv an; ,rgqnic 1tP? on syngma,-n.

than? 17 haurs nnfi 13 qurs lifihf in tFis series. This
title is of firtcrcst hocnnne it she":s tYn high Invel of
o~~bn“"a”n+o ogn‘n t in t c pQrtl" “wtnre f“"’t tut it
fails to 613310¢0 nnv cchir Qrt relot ions‘flps rith treat-
ront. Lnr3 3 in solution 1-6-1 has tEQ 10 est total
CQrbohydrntes in 13 hour light, Thila Pflgh potassium leads
in longer lizht. It is evident trat tho con: ent of
organic n1tro~on is not affected by nutrient treatment

or 7177“!) OKf>~*-s:;‘.1?0.

A .-\Q*.—-2'Qf~r”‘.

-' J-.. tJ.~4

r1,

{‘1‘ "-51!

T 7'0 G
r W‘ ' V' 1' I’ur r» .—. ‘ r - ‘h
Xi." - .r, 4.. .:- 1 its
Series I

Percontara on Qrg wnifht basis

it 1' :nic

 

.. T'--£..
CLL- u‘Jl

Trentfiont Sugars Sucrose Starch collu- Carbohy- Hitrogen

1-1-6
1—3~1
5-1-2

'1' ‘9, O
\""L-Q

2-2—4

1-1—6
1-6-1
5-1-2
SoE-Q

2-0-4

6.13
P ($8

5.41

.1... 1

5.63

1

J (1'!
.‘J‘L.

my; :5

C34

0 o o o
O 7.4
(38 QC)?

")

Kl

. . J -

lose (hflEfCE

3'7 3 “His

.1 1 7"1‘.‘
Q—QQn! .
{20.5 3.06

\ “ 9n r". a F
.IJ‘.) I .(jz’ I. 4C3
( '7
18.2.?0

8.31 3.88 h ' '
110‘

35.60 3.01
1 5.95 8.?3 $3.43 .

0.18
11.88 3.51

 

11.04- 9.

10.?Q v "r

O)
0
<0
”’3
.d
(‘3
E")
P»)
"J
O

C
q (

‘
.9.
0
‘l
r, (.x . '
O 3
rv-j
“‘0
k“.
a...
{H
P
L
'a
4)

1"). ‘ 'to :5 .1...
5.95 3.26 9.78 24.32 2.95
7.64 7.11 ..HO £8.00 7.34

10.07 5.07 7.53 29.67 5.62

13.13 2.79 10.3 32.30 3.19

Vitrate
filtrogon

.010
.021
.006
.017
.005

.010
.088
.014
.070
.027

 

~235-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SE/z’ /f5 I
ml
nu
k P005 ./
Q 34‘— _.LLGIIT ./
it .________.l.—0-Mfi——-" - _ .
x .
Q 573" 0‘54? \.
§ “my \
0 1.3V \

30" ./ -
E’ / \‘\
*5 28 / 1
“ /

ZO- '

/

14—

; 5-: 3?: 2+4 I-ré
2
I.
'3
Q
t
S
2
z
<
p: |
\ ’1! )r‘ z‘f" '7-6

MOLg'cuLAR PROPORTION3 OFKfiqu’cq(yM..4 MISO+
IN CULTURE 50LUTION3

211,11- : {3. ”LIL .‘ :1".- fftff Q1 1‘.:,"‘f*r‘t-;,

nitr0“Qn contvnt of po‘s in kcrios I.

Peries II wss n repeQition of Series I, as far
as tko cvtliwe of the exveriant w“? concernefi. “0
analyses of 9033 were rude. Starch 2nd bani-celluloses
were analyzed separately, but are rowovted tQQetFOr Qs
acid-bv1”01yzab1e CQranyertes. The avnrnfe contnnt of
starch 33° very low, and did not justify sopQrate mention.
The results QPQ fivcn in tabla 7 nvd ftfvrc 3.

'The genervl level of chEQPVFQQfQ nccurnlnfjon
1n t313 series vns QFove that of $33103 T. ‘Q rentfoned
previovPly, this won nnrrnws a rcannne to t*c Pifbor nir
ternmrwfnwes in the freenhouse. In this series, tbnre
wry 31% Q clenr disfinction between the levcls of cnrbo-
hyérqte acnnwlefinn {Q Wong and intermedinte liffit, the
temfithtwre factnr QQQQrQQ*1v overnbndowfihé tfle Jfifht
efrfict.

Tkn effect 3? hirh thncstum on tfie arount of
auvnrs faund was stfiilnr to tht in Caries I, 91tho only
treatment 1-1-6 was able to vaintnfin a co“sistcnt1v h1~h
level, trnntwpnts 9—9-4 Qnfl 3-?-2, tfie qutcr {Q QQQtinular,
beinf so-QWFQ+ errrftn except in 8”Qrt 11-37. In +his
seriQe fhe bféh notQQr‘nm PU1*W?O “Q? Q1? Q3 efficient as
tke h*7h nn101UQ in wrofiucfton o“ fi”“"9. 0%3 3¥"“ level
of nun-sufiors in ffimg'unfngainm «HITIWVNQ *9 0? Qvifie“t

corrolnr? of tfie 10w snfnr OQntent, a. pgfiva trfifislocntion

must haVn occurred.

OCvo
b.¢.
Hmno
new.
Ham.

woo.
woo.
ego.
mwa.
woo.

nco.
arm.
mco.
.CH.
030.

.~\
_
u

Cwmowpac
cumkafiz

flwwo¢

oov
bmo.¢
Habcw
mwmow

Hum.»
mH>.w
obb.n
mmb.m
bwm.n

flowow
bmmo.
HVCoE
bmwon
HbOoh

J.
_.

Comowwdu
o «Smyrg

u an. m

\ a O
N.

om.
cooa
boo
0m.

0“
mm.
Haw.

um.

OO.~

L... no :1th

cm.m

omofia
Nm“.\r.fi

rm..H

Hm.oa

awobfi
cuo§m
DWOPH
39.nfi

roan

0“ Pfl
-; “on'

I
b1.

‘3‘”:1‘531‘
HV’V‘P’JH
o o o o o
Flfirfi

he

fry; .c

an. ma.a
wb. mm.n

oo.a oa.m
... m.wob
.3. w. WOOD-I
ufi. Hm uh~L£ OH

on. OHob
om. Huocd

Cm. .u.am
uo.a wr.mfi
wim. .bu.m

 

unmafl mp¢ca 6H

>w. Hnwto
..mw” Ohio
00 wrwob
arm. MK. 00

 

3.).fi IHMHMEI

“Ay. #H m9.» LI EH
n.«~c.. a
yrwuw . ....~.Hn. .w¢~onv.. Na”

.. :3 0.

HM mafihou

E..:H....,.U ”w. n...“

b cancfi

mm.
om.fi
mp.
mm.
am.

or.
hm.
av.
av.
Good

05.

mm.
mm.
mm.
oo.H

oauup

.3 -.
nrnfirum

flange

(~1r|\
.
3 O

m§§¢m
, ;._H.-
C);

.‘U
f.
‘ . ‘
0C a
r\..
JUOL 0ng
. 3 ... T
P.» .9... In...» .I..

an.»
0g.¢
mv.m
ov.w
mu.u

moon
muom
mmon

meow

ma.m
mu.o
nvow

mp.oa
¢a.oa

as

odrnfimu

thou

v'i
I
02
I

L ’-
I 9.
H H U? P. L“

"H
!

ucofiuaohh

-96

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I”
22.—
F
20-
.INI.
~1-
m
k
‘K
k
Q
x
t
ago/4
3:
‘C
Q ~‘-‘ ,’
““‘ ”
4 w ~~~- \
\ I
E \s,, ,”
E \\2@7~ /’
\ ’_
9r b-I 3,31 2 114 ,1, £41
c
x-
-_ 7..——"" .___\‘
~-§~““---._____§_QO_O_R_T ______ J-‘PJL ...... ~‘
z ‘
«u 45?-
Q:
° l
¥
“ «L
§ i “Mflgg._u§_¢r_. \.
2 "-~ M‘. \.fi.1£’. \_\.\
2 i
< 35,—”.
ED . W L
'2: . . ’
° \/
‘33-: {‘11 1"" r?‘ :41'

MULLKU‘AR

 

 

CQWQJ‘ cal 50‘
IV C ULTURC 50LUI'IONS ”

 

‘
h, H T v" ' - :"" . .\ r
u £Cg‘t11'r-I. .3. ,_,' r; U; 1""...ik . ". \_) .1.
n‘tvdfcfi nonthnf 0? this €n nwi’s TI.

-26..

fovnfl in {Fe fittest wé'tcs€nr t‘r‘f“crf

Y

of tha fibree 31?”? fr"°‘ant$ 've rvcrcgefl. [0 av"? it
is hurdly Pare to conclude that this is a fixnd rcl¢fion,
as f?" cvlfnrns varitfl Widely in tfiiu resinct.

*0 or? treot ant was "rantlv SUfi€r10T in total
cnrbofiyfirnfe acnuwnlntioh, fll.hn in
rent led in +“3s rnswcct in low: and 15tar:afiiuto lith. '
T‘o V"r7 htmh ‘9?00fi+'3?3 fmrvi'di+ all {Pfifllfi?it? f9h‘ed
to reek nfi? effbct" and f0 nu+r1h“fq.

The nitr~~nfi flfitq.é*d¢e€ nl~36t no fiffcvtncos

tfif”9““ hwtribvf fvn“f“fihfis a? “'* 13”“t ”"r*fion. 'ho

lirht effect. mar 34, was flmfllfi fi¥stlmctly 9V~:n.

In +1.9 9'} {yo-f7 scn‘VnS {f- ~-n.. "(‘01 ‘0.“ LO 57.0w, the

:1 “fr nhlv uhfll +‘“ ?‘v"* F13°:' C D‘fiv 1c‘, ’n Aria?

to fird 1f the diffmrrficne Gaul” ’” Cbavrv'd 13f””3 the

n
._

‘J

plnnfs were mature. T* was also dncfficd f0 11312 *‘e l’fht
dur°**on9 f0 30 find 17 haurs, fig fk~ frow‘rr Jfl?frve”uad
had Fann Thuvfl bafwhnn fbéce fiwr"finn9. Tfli.l’é"tn cultdres,
involvififi **“ fro tb PP 190 filfinfc uh’cv at" are arigfition.
were v"9”, ’“P*“°4 “V *'“ dvrlfrrfn 041+“Trc 7n 5““ fnr or
series.

Ffifilvticnl rcsul*s “w tha series are jrdSOhted

1n Tqbln 8, and a "wafhlc ”ehfioso*+h+16“ 9* *‘”U“? 4. Tn

tbia table, +70 cnlnmn "vcifi-“vfirolvz"“1” carbohvdrvtcs"

u¢7-

represents 'M‘fi" 05-0 ’1T“fllj“fl’f"l] s-tcgfi, 7'10 nt‘ewft bnin’: made

I ' . 'L ’ ‘5 ~‘~. ,- \ d!
to Si‘f’W 1".0 <3 -‘N'TL‘. .1“ "“9 l..."

to fiafuritv. '3th 10 Lavrs lizht, thfi final level was
rrro fi~wrlfi thét fauna in Series I.

“*0 Eirkfirt level 9? sv*“” 939“W"l‘*ifin $¢3 found
rfit? treaf’ert 2-2-4, 9: an vverafe 0? Moth 11v“? dvr'*tans.
¢fifié+mnn+ 1-1_5 was “rficnfiuquer low in fhefla fr"c‘30ns.
vkllc *Vn Vifh pfifir**Wfl +rnnfwnvt wnv var? ?nod in fife
:?cwt 11~E+. VFC 3’2? trontfinht “or nroin cmiducivo to
nor-sugar fnvmntlon *n t’fls corinn, Pltho rfit runnr1or to

traa'w-rsnt 2-63-4. ._'I"~‘;~:.~f_§ tfiwafi tylfs‘t “"f'F “Ivory: W153i“) 1509f 1n

tot/‘1 73“.?!»er '17-?”2‘ ‘ 4'05; .

'T‘m cm”: 33+. 0*“ nft’ff'wr‘fic 2'".'.".T"f‘.""f '- ' .16 ""0 72'1”}‘08t
in finch cdve 1% tFe Pf~h rfi"finvinu tv‘atrn“t. ”‘“ d’f9or-

, ‘ . - - Q . ‘ 1 -‘ a .1 IF.
nvncs .nrq a“)? Q ?Qr ‘ufirrefifhs 0- n «aficzfit 9:4 0??

Fir-(77" 11"??er 6"“ 0' find. T50 17-4411; bfpec’i “T". “7:? 'J'ivel

of ”Y‘OfC’Y" 91.".b0'!’“1t*"h‘fl09 firfl‘icog‘filg n? “VIC“. #539 gf-wme
of 7%? f“.

9 I.

'nh nf tho rovvlts o; t“¢ce

stuflies and n anveiflprqtion of nvornwe rotics, shows that

9

tho vulturn nolvt‘flns wi"“t fie rvvvnd fiw fella s with

‘-

reswect to nwnnwnflnn OP 9“""”fi3 1-1-5, 9‘2‘4: 3’3‘29

 

Hum. mo;.v mm. aw.» no. an.m oo.H bu._ um.w «I.nm
mam. He;.¢ ab. vm.u Mb. ¢v.v ow. 70.0 65.9 ms nu
:mfl. mwh.w oo.a rm.w 30.. 3;.0 we. 4%.. no.2 mcaaw
bmv. wn;.m om. bH.a la. b:.@ wk. ~m.. Mm.m asuod
.mu. 30L.m or. am.b nth. .Lmrhw by. ro.0 a .w moaua

43
:54?
m
f
.f’
C)
H

cn.. mnw.¢ me. am.“ an. m..w ab. ,fi.o 33.x var.m
QWH. m¢n.¢ OCoH w3.uH O on O-.W OC.H 5N.O Hmox Nlilm
Jud. #Hucfl N9. 90.; 3m. 0.0w b5. buoo Guam Nifllm
.....Cm.um.vu mm" Mow bk... ma”. .w h« 0 M. .09 ON 0 7.9.08 ”Nam. H--."
3&0. Hana-V .5. HOTU v.0. h... 2.3. Q. .. 3.....00 .03.... 0!.ld

R M Odwdh T ovumh x 0wwwh ; R
r.nuwu demo ma; anvamwhgop mmwfi wmznnamu mn~95w om god“ m than pgofi comb
.9..m cw: up. am.u Hausa nan. p. pm»ngw.u< Hywow ¢_cewu

w: {a “w. h. C3. NH H m.........H,..o..é - .1 arm? “5...... a . BM.....W.._ZCO

m edpma

-5”!—

 

 

 

 

 

5:
C I, . .5: r I
L 12*-
..— c-
4 T , OPC/
< t .«l‘m
Q X '/ '\’4‘7‘£ ,4
L x ./ >::\ t.: I". / /’
O / /?:1 ;\\ ‘ ‘ _.. //- I
I m . x/Vio IGIW‘,‘ "
m 8%.“ / ' I, \3
i < \“\‘ ’l’
}, U ““N”
[4% 3.5L; Zli‘ i —’—'-(. 7, 47 ~'/ 2
o
{J-a" ‘~“‘~~-,_ .y 1 / “\‘\3\
2 H “-“~~ s 2/ N
2 sh “‘4’- R x"
'< 0 ‘-~-.’
2%“.
.\ »\. '1".—"" H -
oi ‘~h‘—“Ammflfl€4mrgJ¥9i'
4H 313-1. l-f’4- _® - .H
MOLECULAR PROPORTIONS 0F Kit/36., C.L‘.'I”..,. :
IN CULTURE SOLUT ; 'r'f.
:“1v-nrm 1". inundw 97".“‘1'i‘f1 car‘?"3‘"“°“~t‘3 and

nitrogen con..nt o

f

twpa .n Caries 111.

‘Z'f‘.

3—4

A

5-1-?. 1-8-1. Tfiie 1rflicf‘c: *h't.fVe hr0*0rt1¢n 0* r3”-

re??"~ Pul&?rfe in f”o n"1ture sclwficv, EV‘Icvfied P? +Fe
thififl fir??? 1n aflch :rfiuw, Fe'rs rarfiiflefqfile Telnf101
t? snjnr cawfpnt. The treatment F175 in calcivn 2*trnte
v33 P’+”9? cor319t¢*flr low in fhnac frccf‘énn, firila
b1"h vnfassfinm occuyficd 3n 1ntnv~edl~fa wrritfcfi.

"1+h refficnt to finlysrchqrifies. EV“ f0110*137

I

rQ“‘1fig seéws ‘19t1L19fi: 5-1-2. I-'—l, 9~”—€, 7—3-9,
1-1-3. Frl? 1W ffid uffifi o? +‘c Ff‘H ficfhnciux tvnq*rpht
To” +‘nwn n shnfifi ”1v+*%a*?c“, ’” “ '“° five“*lv nu*@rior

1n “C“VTT all cwrar.

- '\“ - '0 g -. L ': -‘ \v 3 ' 4 w,-
Totvl nnr:‘lwrr*tas, 0? @‘=1fi“’. ’wfac771 ,

tevaed to he of nbowf *“¢ rnme IQVfil “’rt"*“ +”¢ Emlv*inn

“'"Tr‘. v ‘, CTO?‘ 75‘ V

“'3!" ‘3‘f'7-h if! Y‘f‘fu‘|sg~:fi~.4 ‘8‘) ~. nary-00“] . t.

. r“ ’n *‘Yn ‘~ "' 1 In (‘4‘.1‘” . .‘1‘n.’\1“‘ rs" ~‘J’3‘*"' 9‘5
lo 1 ... .1 L r.l,. . trnPL.-.-, “dc: .M H l

L _-Ll

Series II, Thurs an o“9essivel? F11? Java} *PCV“{19d

.

nwflafi all 90095*10fi9.

*1~j+€-’n ~-'. .1.~3mw 1"".-.'?' 3 - ‘ . '~- H 3-H
.2: ’-- t.‘ . ,-. cl. I ... l I ‘ -'
ch? 5‘ a ’. .. ”‘1 “r g 0'1 "‘~.‘ ‘os\;3.s H 0“; fi’(‘ ' n -f ..‘ ’u \(‘13 .V '. ‘ ’4‘ .‘~ -C,‘ " 1
Q."-- R.) ' ~ ~ . - ‘4 - — . ‘ "u. ~ ...~.. I! .I u‘ I '*.'- '-.L ~ I' ‘5.
1' o -
“wsP‘QV'Vfil-v ‘3 “ 5“ 1 ‘ "n 1‘ ‘4 '3 ‘ " P ‘ '
. ' t ‘ "' A“ r-‘I‘D "\ ‘=' * . ‘ ‘ ~ “‘\
. '-..'i-l‘*«" O. ‘43:)L7 ”Ah t fi3\.3 i \-.. C\k_ . 3 l ‘4'".-' .L' '1 J~J~"'C" .4.:r:.

(‘39 ‘-
'1

’\.-.,.. AQLI,-\~p..~,a r. 3' I.."x5..‘!~;-. -'~~,17)'.v--7‘ .‘-\_. .1m~\'\-,~t“.-\u‘ "he
_ . " ‘ . _ .. ‘ __ , ~_ ‘ ~, ‘ . " . . . __II

t m“. t‘a r’nlf‘.’ ”$2.3 rmn-cfiifs of cat-“bo-

u I.
. l-c \ ' s) ‘g\l
I
‘ Q ‘_ _ ‘1 1 ‘ _ 1 . 3 o 1 "o
A Invf“ ‘0' "\ ~‘ 0 P . ' 'n \ ‘9 -. --,~‘. I. "\ I“ r‘ . a A n _‘- a ‘ < f‘ ‘. ~ -- ‘f ‘ 3 - ‘,“° (9 Q'.
3.”, 4. . ' '5: ' ‘O;' I ‘I‘ '~.‘ rs .' I-" A ’u . .u .. .LL 1 “) L11,‘ 0.
(‘ 1;“‘0 O‘Z'V.‘ "? 7'“..* :‘W! '11 ‘0 (‘0 .--.‘|f'
. » '.- ) - .. ' ‘40 J.-; v' . ..'- .,. 0 ., 'I’.
0% ‘ '5 Q ' Q s ' . y a g t 3 Q
f'" 1 r. ' 'fi | "V " r‘} g ‘ ‘ A r‘” I“ I N“ . \ f ‘
L ...'1_‘..‘3 I. ...>v“.7'1..|. . ‘ . . -. ‘ 5‘1 _,

(I“~!.{
‘.’., 4.

$.51

J

' a, * A(‘ f‘. + "7- . "I1 f ‘,"~ +‘0 I‘ tip] f1“!"'g 'H“ prf‘ 1L: Ilr'.'l".fi fl._‘.‘,. ‘ 'G“th

H -. - ‘- ‘... - . t.) \ 1'

\‘g-J ";‘-:.¢-. ‘~.‘ .‘,. ,V‘ p.'\1-I~'.‘ v. ‘y‘QA'I‘: *lw O""’" ”‘2‘“ o'.‘r~t 1"!) "‘~'i’\

-.—_. -. ‘. . - . . 0.... ' . ' ' - .a

. T F "? (v.1 .r {- ‘. ,4. -‘p J~ .'.‘ I ’ . ,-nv' ’ r 9 .-.w' .. hf} g~\o- a,
a . . ~'.‘ ‘- . t \ . , ~. , ‘ . A
!- ‘ v. .- J.’ .1 .. . . .. 5 3. y .1 A_ ‘ '_ ~ . ' .
9‘"?! u ' I --. ‘- ‘ ' Q' \ ‘ fy' h n - ‘ , . N. f. Q.
S; .\;3 (Se) « '- ~. .'.’1!.«. ~ .C .- 4 ‘- s. _. , .,‘: .. 1‘...
~veam+msgm~~ (.4......,.x. W: vn\-A4(..-11n1,-u-.-.\ _ .- . HA1...
. 5’ - .- I“! -L‘. _. v ‘ _. 3, ~_' . L. 1 . L.-. . .. .. .' -‘-"~.-“’ / ' “ -- i
' s
’ , ~ - a ‘- . a \ ..‘ ‘ L
‘ ,q, 1‘ pr." t“ F. a‘ 5". f: r “’V‘4| g \ .‘D. rq I \‘I1-_-. ,«1 y ‘ {\1.‘ r n ‘ I: ‘.
. , . ., _
""n‘!' 1 ("""1u‘": " °'”'.b:-.4-n"' '. r 15;» w "“"f’ 3'?" “x" '3 "A. " ‘flf'4‘17
b ‘. .I . ‘ n —_ -. ‘. - :. ‘. . t .. ~ I »‘ .a ~ ~ - ' . L . »' ' '. ' .- ”... 4-.

"ff“h lr'-*7r'-". I." "7.2 f'P-W-‘fiwfw'tn ($11113? “" r‘. “1'19 3.5" "‘ ' “:96qu1.

n \ \

7""!"1’" *4 «- <3“ 3’- +1.01%: i‘n‘rre 1"!“ :‘*‘f1”a“‘r<’."‘. “7’71:

C.)

‘.l —‘

.‘;*rm (:7‘ *7’."’;*‘: "('r?".‘~'.'""*ff.‘."(‘.’° {7.39. {"‘fiz‘rrnl 7'???” ft? earl-(‘2-

‘. ¢ .. . A ‘1
.l \J

. - I )

f"”wr*m tn” r’frz":fi '°nf“*?"+ffin. “VT“?{F fi"-°"€u was

91 1.! at"?! ?'q T‘.':A‘. n fifi 1‘: ‘. +' ‘Q If! h‘fit .1". .'?l‘ N " I‘.'-':f.: V}? rs ‘17” r“ 1 .'.q~'g “ .1 fig-fiLal‘

v; 1 t

h inter cfliétd l‘“’? théfi ”’fF lovi 31f”?. Total

c s. r‘a 3711::

"A 1 '. 'v-fl "' "l ‘

A. »‘
O
1"” n- -- ’
- Iv ‘ ..o

" fi4'hv-N
. ‘. . ‘I":
l V - f. O n

+{xJ-_~1

"fin " -‘\ n

Orv-k }r
-J C‘lk'u 0-.1‘)

01" \Q

'.-'_1' "'fi‘

-I

..‘ s. 5.... M a; n 4,,

r1) +r~r+ew+m ~6-

4.

'l

A!" 4HJ-rss‘»~~.(~.r’ {I1 “
S -‘ ‘ - " . ' I'. '

. n nw‘!‘ “" "PM” Pr 9‘,
g. ‘g M 1 ~ . “‘J . ~.’..J

1

‘0

Oant

Mm, 1

a S'- f3f‘.“}.“'fi‘ n
I- -. .ol‘

",va

\ r‘. lo"fi\l

" :‘ar‘v

‘ . .. .. 1 ‘n- 3- C“ a.
0.1 11.} t, L- If; 3 ‘, ? axyfv‘p1nn

9"?“"153

:3 {'f‘x 2‘“th 1 4 rv'hff «:n‘ qy~ {-‘fio

~13 1 fifil‘ (if-f ~5§~~39 ”13.1rxfi].y

v,n plfi~11-,
>51 ‘ $3

'l
. "\ '
a "o-- 5‘.

(Pnfi‘fis T P43 77}

 '~_1,~;. tn faith“ a." 1“”?317?!‘

v
‘1

r-P

\

.91 t‘-\f‘.+

.

a
5?.”“”+ “0%

\I 1.. 'A.

l‘.

«I. .‘-

“’Ufi? If- anv A '7"?
Ifi‘.‘_‘ -_. u. r‘.1o.0 7..., . Y “ _. a ‘7 . .,-. I. T g. H .~
V I. ’ T. . Q . n -( .’ U. . n ‘ - ": ‘1‘}. L, ( . . - 01:6
.‘ hJ'. ..‘J.fl ..‘t‘l . :1.‘ 1“.” ' a? w.’ ‘ _. a 3"" (\~-’ 1-‘ .. ,\.,: 'x“":" 1 “‘4
.1, ._ _- ‘ '. _ _ _~ _ . l .‘ - . ..;\_
(1"‘0” firf',‘ (W‘ ‘ ""r" ’ * 6‘1 "1“ “‘"I “in“? :1 . "-- mm. ,‘Tn- 3"". '1‘“
I
1‘3 + F}. Ifi f: qrflf‘ (forf‘
:0.., 1 .. A-.' o 3. . -..‘o
“‘o
A -'-‘.‘ la, n f‘ ‘fit. 4' '\ Ar- , w‘ L~ Pl « M.’ ‘o ("1"
crcci -i'fi n, f‘.nm 1 grjc:1.1rr1 ”T.H?.S. m;i131&l
. A :-.- up. ‘ :n w . . .‘ .2 an. a . ~ ..t-
gfw ~¥93v¢t‘ ‘10“? 7'), OR: (‘1 "z‘!’ , T139. 1' > (‘f . {It}: inr’bon’
1‘, 1'! 1pm.:
. "Q .’.- ..
Y" ‘3 - "' V‘ T-.. ... .- .2 -- .- ._ 1 . . I“.
"mnch-w', . . ‘ n w? )1" t 0:90:19. 5 1r.“ 9‘.. ”giants.

an." ?\“1 ’-‘ «l.\' Y??\ .. V(\:‘!‘ anLy T‘-—" r W . :‘(‘. “"?‘,‘“n'~e . '1 914.

a J' ‘ V 1‘ "“ --‘- ~ 1 L9. y. .4... 1 :. w_ 5.
ulowonus, .. .. L-VL nz-Pfhanz c .4.03 n r. ' {on to

+¥p *‘V‘I’fifi"“‘.11~‘ “ O‘f’“"~-“ a” "I f m~"?" ‘ . n 1 ”‘4‘

E‘ ‘ .l ‘. .-_ ' ‘ 3‘“ .‘. I .. I ‘1 b . IJ. II fl . Q . u

1")? ’1. 'V r'" Crfifl

~wrvtifi'1. . : 441—4”... 1 .

‘. ! ~
7'" - ' 'n v ‘- “1 r‘ 11 .' ”4"" -. .2" ‘. "

”'3‘. 7(1’, 0 -- O , fl ‘5' '1. I'd, ’.. Q ..... Ct "4. + ‘e I,“ .Lr1.t1ve

lefi'** 0° ”=w ~na n1~Vt r“” at ca f<¢fh"2 c? +nn en-

"!T'QVW'EVQ'. 71?". "“31 L‘ ”TM” 7‘F-‘fif‘fir7jjn‘j'ofi {vs filq-~¥js. ‘Tour.
a .. 3‘ .r‘ or «r-n
7.. Iraq.’ 7”,: .f'... 07, 1...».
' v" a g 1 . 71.1,. f g . ,.-
cf‘t‘fini”, o o , F V? 41,..-"7'd3 no 3-. ¢ 7‘1“? f t ‘ '13“: in

'3

pfiofoéewio’té , +fi¢ ran an a “9 t‘c #1n3* '0 reautive
lené+h n” va rh’ ”ivhh. Fowr. nfiv. ¢~9. 9“: QVI-QBI.
"' ' ' ’ m .
1““?
L.‘ .., . .
“Gr“a? “. w anmn, C. ”., afii illvr”, Y. fl. 9hoto—

nrpfn3’c‘ 1n #:Ipinfl tn fivflr¢¢en-1ofi ccncertration

C? +‘" 6°11 rfifi Pm“ +V° 0””‘3‘T”T“te "G“teht G? the

'4

fi‘f:"‘,". .Tfi‘)”. 'r“-,. .ng. , 5‘7: 1.19-157. . 923-.
. “.-

,.
1

10.

13.

’5
H.

H
4'"
\J

"5’11“?” ‘r‘ 9's "-r
' 1. t _ 1;, Lu. .
.4
ca: (‘9. Q .‘ _ Q'\_.
.1 x . . O .
vv3~‘- ‘1). T‘ v ~r
.‘ -‘_’ ‘ a, . .

a. .
nfirTW"C‘T 7'?“ cc ’T {‘0
“4., T”w“ Tm”, fl"! urn-v
. K a. . 4 . . -. .L- .

soil solution.

‘_"'.'f..""‘1.’.‘-"-“. 3.6.3.. balance

IQPV.

v?
‘v -‘- ‘ “("€‘. . ’ n: ]_—9 P,
-
11 -,1 " " VI 15' 1. .fi 4.’ - A. ‘ on
“Q“"T" , . . P n! n r a n ~1 J an ‘ufi reaction
“a 1 a” ‘ ' ‘ ..I' . ‘ :q‘ 5
b ‘ *f“ 2" e r'f"‘F~1 "*?. h" w"?. h c5- izrvor
‘ 3"» 5"".
x . 1,4 .
"1L -. .-.1. - n ' 4 r t. , '
:L_z, .. A. : ffis a, u. 9. ,3? L 01 fr? “itrate
Tit?0“t G“: *“v *'"n 3? .‘~r* ”infiti. "13*? ”EVSiOIOO
Q,
,2 . nor am “vs-~41
.- :- -1 . _:_. '.' . .
-
‘, 3 “. w, , . r: .. rm, amp . .
JS‘I‘qgefi’ Go, 2'. ~ ..‘fi-H‘01': infir, Ho 7. '.’ h L .1 "‘.",c-Q Of. tlle

a} l‘“a ‘ m“
. .
- . L. .

4‘

' . . ’. . 9 . . 9.. '. .
A 1.1": ‘1 ’3"- (E P c.~r:\:)/\‘w7.?yu, 10'“ .r‘ ‘91-

Iw A
42: T4‘-T I. I
-~.
{'05 I.. T Q .1. v"
. . a {1‘18 ' O U 0 ,
«3.2P3L’l A.‘ Q '1 9., ('2‘ 3.--
. r“, .‘r c“"’\ 1 “ 'L n
. . , .
*«wanmaraa “. ”.,

few 03—3" W“ ' "ID
fihfi‘fir' on " fl " ‘°' 'r‘ :‘
"éC1rE11"f»7 r“ ”

6'6‘.-u'\ .fi y“\1\'v“ -."‘
I ‘ l I I .' ‘ r

~nnrvvnfl‘h‘ '7 a (71‘.
. k4 . _ K.. ‘ Q '.I &

As-- ’4-
0"1.‘ e ‘.

:09“. 'T“,11, V. ”.-

TIMI.

0 r010

.+
0

C, Lfififiofi
_’- ..I

-L.

“1.

.gb _ . ‘.... ..-u..‘.

.Tnnr.

.l

’3‘"
v ’.
Vnfin+fi*'1fi
‘”“PP“””@Q f6 +ka
n
14’). 101‘).

fnwins-aw. Y. W

O 1. x
. O, C‘110H.1.fl,

‘fib-‘qf

J").

‘ofiifm ”fi 559 pro—

). '2.
>13“. 1"-080,

nr4 ronro-

Ore.

. A plan

"2"19'i“”~“"" r‘r“ ’3’”. rm}? “wintrrwehts of

~ .0 ‘ D... . . . .3. T fa . I.
w o ~u‘*a1 -1¢*Ls. '“7..
I“ ‘ 1 1 7 z -a .
as. -!“%Uc.~. ‘flxt'- ‘5.

Ftndies 0f an

v
o.’u‘f".‘1. '.'-r "I

. .en.,

n? "?fi“fl“090

. c .--

44! ISQR—ISQR. 1h¢0

“Innfs.

Gav. “1v.

6 02?}

r’? 0') 1"an
-' l-av.‘ O \ (ukd.

Jour.

1°.

1“
‘. .

N
K...
o

2?.

24.

«_--:m-, 1.. . , r ’ .~ «-r-«x-ss- a: cvlturo

-" .. ’- s "‘41 r. ‘fl 1 'fi Vfic*" ‘ ‘ - ~‘ ‘ *. - -‘ a. nr ' Av. -' “' d 1 no

.. )u Ix, . ~ ‘\C|-~ . O - ' . . , ._;.--‘. 1.9 . Gut).
§ ‘

., , / «A ’9. - ~ : ' - n /-, ” I ~ /. .
t 0 ’ u “ | 'II h I ‘.. v" “a"
1, . .‘ \ b - _ . o . >4. (L.
.9 1 / ' Q Q. "

N " 1‘ ‘ ‘ ~fl -- I" } avv ‘ \ ' - -w In - n . -' 1

. fl ..I. - .1 u + « .L. ( .. -Cncu
‘ S r- ’ ’ < y ‘ '1 r r. ‘ - ‘ ‘ '1 ‘-

‘ w 'l ‘ "‘ B E - I ’1 A #-.~~
n .o L. o , 4. “ “.0 .. o
0—.“
.-’ --‘ d. a, p q r. '3 - . .NL . a ‘ p ‘ 1 ' Q \~« {0. ) f'. 0‘ V."§;“'.‘"“\| "..ld
, C O . L" , ._~‘

\ ~ A .. C 4-. __ - . ‘. u q a t

A \ r \ ~ ‘ ~ v q s .
l 0 r .1. ‘s.
--\ a a A. ' \r‘ - " "a'§‘ " A: 1 - o 1 " (‘f 1 ’2"n
.. O k I ’ . O - - ~ 3-. ’ .. n -- '— ~ 0 - " O
-

'L ~- - '3." w "'4 1 ‘rxry
'-r~~I O - -- o l o .5...— 1 .
CI.
“’3 ‘. l 1 v v - ‘ -. ‘I‘ -. . p q‘, 1 -. 1.1 ~ , 3,1- 5 {r . . . ~ I) , 1 ‘ f . " '
’ . . ,« ~ 1 ( . - f. - )V . w t} . h
. - ¢ , o a, . '7 I. ‘ Q . ’ O i‘.

"‘ \. ‘-f'n~‘r~"t: n." ‘.~.7-*'"'3""*-" :"P‘?" f‘,“ I-‘P" ("71 ‘5’ f‘ " "t 01‘010-
v - --‘ -.. . .. . . U .- s
Q
“is”? ““‘W‘ “1" -’ '7‘ ‘7"? C""‘.O""”“L"“.‘.‘i‘ con-
- . I. 4, A " T F., *., ’ "-'~~ n3
tf* ‘ ‘. s 7 r. .. -. t. 39. ~ . -'- . 4-3.
_
afifin
..L .' _

("11 "A. (1" ~-« 1 mien-5-4- m." .-\!1.y¢3! Gimmicrfll {"171‘7‘2-53” 1f} fultrient

, O O .
.-,.,-..?--. ,._ '1. m. - ,‘1 r“ ,. 1 . atr'm__"~r; 101 .'.3
- ’ . _. ' -_o_, .- . 'u'., -.n ‘ 9'\ 0 .-,v _..-_.
-
n’ :‘0 ~ .' I. . ' s3“ ‘ h. -é- ‘ \fi"‘y.-.. ‘I‘ .n1.-J .9 9“ “r.“ \ ‘r"- t
, .43: ..o o ‘ ‘ - 'és ' '\ ( .. “:3“ . .)..»z'. s.
‘ -~ ‘0 A Nr-‘N fl ~‘ (‘1 r-
.j T\. quay . ' . ~
. (fl‘ . ' ‘1 ’- 'I . , ‘1‘ ' --- l4. 1.. -_ .

l I U
.. 1.. , C n , . .
~ ". _ - ‘V . 0 ‘- " .‘. - i". . .‘ - .. ,,_ ._

”\f‘ "T"? 1‘ ‘ F,” ' 'f“ ’f P1Y‘C 5"’.’ :' [’(T? 2 " 3 Q -’\'1 T\ 41":
‘_ . . . . . o -.J . ~ - * . .. - 'L
n1 1‘ '""C 1 '.' ‘3 .“(VI‘ A1 1 I \”1_nflfi 15‘3.‘

I - t - w . ¢. - ‘1 .1 a’- . ~ 3 .— . . . n-o ~.¢« ‘-'
‘ _

T?<c“** ‘ ' T 5“? Cff‘cf ?“ 1‘???” d? ‘b? Vi?“ the

”hmtfk nv‘ n’nwfinnl ¢~Mfl0¢1fflnfl 0P f‘n t1831;s of

‘ -- 4 .. . .p - . n M! I

(‘(“c

certain geomagi. plants. Ann. Tot., 4“: 101-140. 19¢“.

R m '
2“. ‘otfi:‘1"1“fiw‘ ' ‘ vs
v. -a..’ . ‘. ,7 W.
._ “a ‘
0.7?”“0'51 n-
,_ M u~fl whvviOIO'i
- - :2 cal

a: gfl1-\"‘.‘ l‘~ p
. n
1 1A” .“1 ' \
- ,‘ U,“ l- (5171 Pfij'ja ‘
‘ ?' ihysiol.

I

L.
.' ‘4‘? A”
. “wt“: ,
1' i

'3
q‘
.1. 1 0 117.,
, — § _-~ a, ‘:
P” 19 I: ’. lfi‘lfl
6 “flelh ‘.
v_ .4? T? v‘
» , . .. “an.
ltr’, 15‘31’"(V‘m ‘n ‘
4.5-.1 “I °'.' ‘fififi
I “a” . . . . a. n J ’-
I ‘v‘ “A - r. '3.‘ (‘W
‘ a. a ‘ x 4’ ng
’2’ nt-‘Qzfil_ir"?‘ I 0 {n1 ’
. ‘
. O. ‘ “*E‘rv‘
II "(‘I‘.‘ U‘ "
9 .,. S. 9‘35. (:1
60-... ‘) $315
.

630 TH U? ”358 TU fiffififl 3T3?”23 Hi? 3
VAVIGUS LIST? EiParfifitS
II Ease element relationships

01".”an E. Fitreet(1)
Connecticut Atricultural Experiment Station

Introduction
The resoonse of’plnnts to the supply of various

nutrient elements and the positive correlation between
the amount sup lied and the percentage found in the plant
have been the subjects of numerous investigations. The
dorroe of response is largely governed by environmental
factors, vhich may even nullify the effect of v: gins treat-
ments. 8011 as a medium of growth is apt to be much more'
inflexible than a less dynamic material such as quartz sand,
which in turn is a less flexible podium than water cultures.
It is possible to obtain siinificant differences in growth
and consosition of plants in water cultures wtere the
diff,rcnccs in nutrient supply are rather small. Altho
the intake of any one element may be a function of the
relative supfily of other elements as well as the one in
question, ar intake proportionate to the supply will obtain

(1) The writer wishes to express his appreciation to
Dr. ?. J. finfierson for permission to perform the analyses

herein reported in the laboratory of the tobacco Substation,
Connecticut irricultnrnl taperiment Station.

under Optimum conditions.

In connection with cooperative research studies
on salt requirements, attempts have been made to control
many of the governing factors, especially with pleats
growing in water cultures. Factors such as the degree of
acidity of the culture solution and its effect on the comp
position of the plant have been quite thoroughly evaluated.

As a continuation of the study of the growth of
peas in water cultures, it was decided to investigate the
effect of light duration on tic intake of base elements by
the plant. Such problems as the effect of the season on
the composition of the plant are portage rel ted to 1152

duratiOn.

Historical

Gilbert and Eardin (8) working with a variety
of creps under field conditions conclude as follows "In
general tte current concantrations of ninoral elements
in the solutions of crop plants were found to correlate
directly with the applications of cbemical fertilisers."
Parlier work by rcCool (15) shows the same relation in
tin exvressed sap of corn, beets and onions.

Arena the fertilizer elements applied to the
soil that cause a marked response in the plant, potassium
is usually foremost. Otryganjew (18) raised the potassium
content of tobacco from 0.45 to 7.22 per cent K20 on a
poor sandy soil. Anderson, Swanback and Street (2) re-
ported a range of 4.07 to 6.69 per cent K20 on field
tobacco, sVile greenhouse tobacco ranged from 1.48 to
6.78 per cent £20 in soil cultures and 1.16 to 5.35 per
cent in sand cultures, with fertilization varying frmn
O to 300 pounds per acre of V20. On the 013er rand
Laley, Lennonccber and Vlson (10) FPO it; tobacco on a
calcareous soil were able to increase the percentage of
potash to enly 3.27 per cent by the addition of 450 pounds
K20 per acre, as censured with 1.74 per cent with no potash.
Siniler results are reported by Eartholomew and Janssen (4)
for several legumes and grasses. Fender (7) has noted

consistent differences in potash content of alfalfa frown

on several soil types.

In water cultures an extremely wide range of
potash content has been reported by Sayre (19), working
with canning noes. filth Coo/K20 ratios varying from
0.029 to 18.3, he obtained potash percentages ranging
from 0.87 to 8.70 per cent in leaves and from 0.68 to
7.60 nor cent in stems.

Responses to calcium and magnesium apolications
in soil are usually related to the relative abundance of
these elements as compared with the potash supply. A
relative abundance of :otesh deeresses the intake of either
or both, as shown by Eorgan (16 3,905) and Haas (9).

The use of hydrsted magnesium line containing
57 nor cont Cao and 29 per cent :30 niyht be expected to
increase both the calcium anfl magnesium, but such was
not the case, as is shenn in the following table from the

work of Anderson, Ewanback and Street (2).

Table 1
EFFECT 01' 113.3312331333 LIX: CT: :’f§.'I(J".:Z':.".'37L C? C.-“-..JCIUI£,
3-". «'13::318 U77 9.13;“ POTifitlU; 71"; TUL7CCO.
(Air dry basis on unfernented leaves)

Pounds magnesia aeolied Percentage founfi in our d loaves

per acre K20 030 L30
150119 4.85 6.75 1.52
100 3.98 6.22 2.47
200 3.12 5.65 3.13
400 3.09 5.26 3.83
600 2.40 4.95 4.59

It may be seen that the potash was notably
depressed and the calcium quite strongly reduced. The
reciprocal repression affects all three bases, as has been
noted by Ponder (5), (7), for alfalfa.

It is only where both potash and magnesia are
available in relatively swell amounts that the slant is
able to take up calcium freely, as has been shown by
Uorgan (16, p 905) and Kaley, Longenecker and Olson (10)
working on tObacco in soils and Sayre (19) with peas in
water cultures. Ponder (6) did not find as great differences
on peas grown in several soils in the greenhouse, but the
differences in calcium content of the various soils was not
great and no fertilizer was added. Nightingale, fiddoms,
Robbins and Scheruerhorn (17) in a study of calcium
deficiency in tomato plants obtained results that clearly

indicate mutual calcium and potassium reeression. The

absence of calcium permitted an intake of as high as
10.62 per cent potassium, as compared with as low as
2.23 per cent in its presence. Calcium varied from a
trace to 3.84 per cent. .

.Heferences to the effect of light on the intake

7
t
A

of bases are not numerous in tie literature. Bartholomew
and Jannscn (4) by means of analyses at different times

of the day, conclude that potassium is taken up as freely
at night as during the day. Tyson (20) grew sugar beets
in shaded compartments having from one to four layers of
cheesecloth, and one group under too layers of cheesecloth
and one of black calico. He found that the ash content of
the leaves increased with a decrease of lifiht. Calcium
and nagnesium content of leaves was inversely preportional
to the intensity of light while potassium content was
decreased with one and two layers of cloth, but increased
with greater shading until it was about the some as in
leaves grown in full sunlight. This would indicate a
greater base absorption in weak light. Nightingale et al
(17) in the studies previously noted, found that plants
grown in a calcium deficient radium, when placed in dark-
ness showed the presence of "uncouhined" calcium, 1.6.,
calcium that could be detected microchemically by the
usual treatgent with oxalic acid, and that the presence of
calcium in this fora permitted growth and norhaps protein

elaboration.

-7-

Plan of Experiment

The material for this work was the oven dried
samples of the pens used in Part 1 for determination of
nitrate and total nitrogen. Analyses were made for
crude fish, potassium, calcium, and magnesium on the tape
of all three series. Yo analyses of pods were made, as
previous results had shown no consisten? trend. The
reader is referred to Part 1 for details of treatment

and physical reasuremcnte of the plants.

CLemical Eethods

Crude ash on: calcium w re determined by the
official methods 0? the f. O. A. C. (3). Tegnesium was
determined by tre velurctric not Ci of Randy (11).
Potassium dCtCPTlHRtIOHS of the first series were made
by the sodium cobalti-nitrite metLOd of idle and Lood
(1). A comparison of this method with the official
chlorOplatinete procedure showed that the foruer method
did not give consistent results, most of the percentages
being too high. Series I was therefore repeated and

all potassium figures reported are by the official rethod.

Table

.5330: i.-;;(-3ntn1 3:0 Stilts

‘. r": ' " ' I ' W ‘. \ ~
Lats on crude ssh tor all series are “iVon in

n

 

 

 

Table 2
“"‘P’V’ CI 1511 It! firrrs
Trestment* Percentage crude ash
Series I Series II Series III

1-1-6
1-6-1
5-1-2
3-3-2
2-2-4

15 hours light
1-1-6 3.41 12.80 11.80
1-6-1 15.é8 15.00 16.43
2-2-4 16.55 14.71 13.20

10 hours light
1-1-6 14.95 “714.96 15.31
1-6-1 16.32 16.71 16.09
5-3-2 15.05 15.77 15.12
2-2-4 15.97 14.97 15.25

The average amount of crude ash was greater under short
light than intermediate light in every case. Lon; light
was not consistent being the 10 est in Series I and tho
higfiest in Series II. 30 plants were errn under long
light in Series III.

z"Culture solution, Shive's 1.00 atmosphere, let figure
'K22704, 2nd figure Ce(305)2, 3rd figure F5804.

The ef ect of nutrient materials on the crude

(J

ash was quite clearly shown. In every case except on-,
the lowest figure was found with the high magnesium treat-
ment 1-1-6. Ike hijtest percentage of crude ash was noted
with the high potassium treatment in five out of eight
groups, and with high calcium treatment, or a centination
of the two, in the other croups. This is in accordance
with the relative percentages of the three elements
cosmonly found in plents.‘

Table 8 presents the analyses of the three
dowinnnt bases in tFo tops for all series. Teps include
all serial psrts of the plents with the exception of pods.

The data for Series I ere else oresented in
graohic form in fifure 1. In this graph the increments
of potsssium, represented by the first of the trree figures,
increase from left to right. The increfients of calcium,
represented by the second figure, and of :sgncsium, by the
third figure decrease from left to right. To more clearly
illustrate the regressive effect of potassium on the other
two bases, the trestfleet 5-1-2 was placed at tfie right of
all sections of the graph.

Considerin: first the correlation between the
surely of any one base in the cnlture solution and the
percentage in the plents erodnced in that solution, it

can be seen that a vet? mooi rfreo on existed. In all

 

 

 

 

ow. mm. bu.m mm. mm. an.o on.
.m. wm. Hw.m mm. a. oc.o a.
m. on. Hm.w mm. ma. oa.w mm.
.3. HO.H mm.o n. on. mv.m 3.
mm. mm. ¢c.o om. mm. m.n pp.a
www.mmd rearror» OH
«0. mm. mm.¢ ow. no. w¢.a mH.H
. my. mm. 3.m om. mo.H um.o mm.
a; 0:. .0. ms.o ma. ma. no.5 pm
a. mu. om.a ¢H.m an. ma.m mp.v an.
no we. Ho.m mm. mm. ‘moum op.
. azufia mpsos ad
bn.a 0¢.H oH.m ow.
om. hr. >¢1m aw.
pm. ¢m. om.w ma.
0*. Hwom Hoow hm.
0;.H on. .1mm.v ‘MH.a
uxuafl mane; pa
mg 60 a ma so u m;
HHH mofihow Hl,mowaoa

 

mammp 5:ku PMH Mu

main.“ BC mmOH UP .ABHLWLXOQ e

_. .u....
(the.

n aflflwa

Mm.L_.HO.».<.O . .35.ku

mm.
um.

31.
CC

H9.m

«a.
mw.fl

be.

my.)

1.0
L

60

H weaken

bo.m
bm.m
Odor
omow
ob.¢

mo.w
pn.¢

n.®
po.n

1V.“
C t

meow
Hmov
wo.m
whom

$6.3

M

.95 to BK.

wlmum
manta
mtacm
Haoofl
ovata

wows“
mums...“
«naum
Hconfl
o-H-H

“(v-0 I‘m
«gram
NIHIw
HIQIH

fivfim‘uhnwc @vHH.

-14..

 

\

" ’ ' SEQ/ES I ,

{ TOPS

65

   

k:

 

Pa 7.45st

 

 

 

—---- .--~~-~
~

 

 

E
a
n
m .
z ‘ .
3 __‘_‘_:_~_~.§£L‘L
‘ _. Mar: ------- I
E ”3‘?"'fifi+'1' R‘
I 6 2'3” "1’1 . I-cl-I 54‘;

 

 

MOLECULAR PROPORTION5 0FKH¢PO.,CaflV0_,/,,MDM¢SO4 '
IN CULTURE SOLUTIONS

 

r 1'
C
I
a
J
.4
\
a
,
i
1.
'
‘ 9
J
r"
C
J.
.2
I,
‘
J
I

. . . 1
und P sevcrql light exoosares in Series I.

\

«13-

but 0? .9 of tb 9 ther 9 1i9L9 lL;ht treat 03ts a regular

increase in percentnju of patssh was 1L he found. ”hile
calciun did not vnvy 3 $13017, yet it also showed a
higher content
in the culture solution. The cor9019 tion in tLe case of
ray esium was r95: 9 p0 or in t.v:9h1:19r treat nonta groxn

U‘

with 13 h urs llth, but as‘de frozn this 9r0up, t dis-

?viffixcc 99 the mutually repressive effect of

the bases was 2 lie apgnrcnt. ' lfirgc a aunt of potash
in t‘c alt” 9 solution (treatgent 5-1-2) resultefi in a
lower calciu: 19tu19 unr‘le“ 911 conrltions t}.9n 9 L13
990909t10n of magnesium (treatnont l-l-G). Furthermore
so1uticn 1-1-6 permitted graater calcium intake than
solution 2-2~4 in two light durations, faillfix only in
inter 9-31 to lljit. This was perhaps due to Lbs fact that
.};119-solut19n 9-2-4 furnished twice as [1193 9919 um 93
solution l—l-G, it also supplied twice as much potassium.
Tie offgct of potassium on rGSnosinm intake was
quite 91711 9. In every ca 99 solution l-L-l permitted
grc9tor ruyJesium 19*3 W than solution 5-1-2. Dotwcen
solutiam 5-1-2 and Hs—--2, both of 91101 supplied equal
trrovnts 3? rvfrns’u; but varied in rotassiur, tic intako

, v ’9' ' .3 . “ ‘< l' G ' ..'u
of mnfhesLun L29 Increaae- as {”9 _9LLsslu3 supply

decreased, 99 pt unlcp short 11 Lt.

-14..

Calcium ShOng a gecnter_repressive effect than
magnesium on the intake of potc9sium. In all cases solu-
tion 1-6-1, Fish in calcium, produced :1 fits lever in
potfissium content than did solution l-l-G.

TLe fiOSt necked effect of the dusation of light
on the absoretion of bases was upon the intake of potas-
siue. 71th 10 hours lifbt t?e level of potassitn intake
was significantly Lifher t roughout ire rsn3c of cultural
treatment. Intermediate lifiht gave 113 or gerccntcgcs of
this element tLan len: 11 fit, with the oxccction of one
treatment. Between long and short light cl av r933 differ-
ence of over one per cent in potassium content was found
for all treatecnts.

Calcium content in reference to aeration of light
sFOVCd the 13 hour any length able to reintcin the highest
level. Short light was featured by the lowest relative
level of calcium absorption, and except in the highest
concentration by s r9ther low absolute content.

Lith resecct to ragnesium, the intake was not
consistent. Intertcdicte litht Gurstion eermftted a
greeter intnbe tb9n-lonf 11 fit in all but one treatment.

7

Unfier 10 hour day length the

"3

9n,c of ragwesium content

:‘-. L

Q

was nerrower, tne low angnet

‘1
J
J

R

a CVILPVCS havinf 3 slightly
hither intake, 99a tLe li"h concc9trstions somewhat 1088

J

.Lcn under greater light finnetions.

-15...

a”: 3 3

1‘0 flata :03 333103 I: are also rrcrcnted in

o
I

Table 3, 03d $.33n gvnyEicnlly 13 71jur3 2. 4‘3 correla-

‘ 37p .- ., -\. - . g.§ ‘ ~ —.,1 ‘I‘ _- ‘.p-‘ f" w.-.'. n \.
tiimu‘betamun1 1‘0 :‘33 1, guw3331t Eva. .3; L1; Argtififil\;08

ceasifiernE13 Eettor 13 “3v? r3r303t3. “etasstum ntako
. Q I {2" ' \ x - ~ ' c - 0
1hCPCfiCGQ In‘ulwl7 » increASQ In 110 sipply aid the

trrfiestwm.yas F12 o cowslst33t. TEG 0310511 '33*03t of
tEe 132: lféEt 31 2,8 $r3vn En s3lut103 3-3-2 was lower
tEan in solution 2-2- -1, Eat 1313 #53 £73 333? 13003313-
tency in this respect in tEe serlcs.

The var13fs Ee3ressive eff at: 20133 1: "cries I
wera again ev113nt 1n tfiis series. 219 Eigh ;%0 83113
cultur3, S-l-E, was p3rticulnrly Pegrcsg L‘e to calcinam
are *3‘303 12 absowwifimw in all cases.

Very flcfinite differences in pothssiun sEsorp-

tion wifE r32300t t3 light exyoswre wore fauna. CEort
lfifEt plants were ngafin the higant En patsssium content,
wh1le 1ntnwwnllwte IETEt was clenrly more conducive to

otassium 1nt9“e t‘an long light. 53 mifiht be exgccted

‘6

13 View of EEO ant33331 n of nntnssium and c31c1um, the
ab ort liflht plants E3G the lowest level of cal cium intake.
7E0 fitfferences hetrean 1033 313 12f3r33d13t3 light were
not as conclusive, E33 favorefl tVP £33 or in 3111 but one
treatrento
Eng-1.3394311 1.33.0. cawsir’cru‘olv 3.1;;va “raster long

* u

113Et than in Series I and fie fin1+ ely greater tEQn 1n the

 

 

”4‘4"

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

7' x
u 5 ER IESI
TOPS ‘ '
104 "I x /‘
Llfi'fl """"" ./
oRIn‘"-' /'/ ‘
at ’5)?" 1' /'/
3 ___________________ ‘ LAG}. ‘
U) TE,/'
«3 TERMEQ—l’?" LcGflT '
f :93...»— -
k 56 .._ v—-'#.—m/"°V
Q P
K
’/
4 ms 2-2-4 ' 332 5",
1o
30-
Slog.
:
§ 6 .
31.0 \Oififi‘m/ (’00
< . ' "9'4?
' u \.\E'sL-.’6Hr
‘\ ______ I125! LIBW\'\'~=N
5r\ ' 5?”? """""""""" fit }._-....._ Z
. 4 ~ .
g1
‘ \'\
“.2 __ "\. - .
17v“\ “~51... '
1: TEAM?) \.~.~L‘_T:.=-.-.-—...—-~.\
? M s LIGHT “““‘~--=ai
21-4 aft I— 1 .542

 

MOLECULAR Pnbponnous 0r K-H1P04, CAINOfl‘ ..o M60.
m CULTURE sauna/vs ’

 

Figure 2. Graph showing intake of base elements
p‘?§”§1 3*“”t neworvres in Furies II.

11v. "(3%
‘~ ‘. Q’J

shorter ligrt ergoenhes 0? this series. TFn Cfffcrnnces
bnt.,,een 1n+5r71?3{ n to on" P‘fi‘r‘t 14 ”fit "Mayan. ‘Ifljsu? (,1 ira‘wt, p o

.- .lU

both hnfi a low level C“ rheorrttcn. Tne nvcre”e ’6“ n11

O

trenffenfs of Vat“ flurr+infir we? wovrly the srfic.
Vennnee n” er ”Get fPfit +3fi “Inwfs ‘n tfin tFird
series refie Twnwn “vi? to tin tfive of f1naer’dé, a povfin

I ‘v ‘- 0 I‘ 4 r-T ‘ v. ‘ 1‘91
of fame won 3 tr? reerlta as sk-"n *n :fif7“ 5 '“5 Eider:

9

3, pro not entifioly COfihfirnhle to these 0? t”n pvcnniinj
eeriee. T”e rerponse tn rijh 6? In“ rwrelf o? 7P0 fliffer—
ent elerefits was not as fireat, cansefifiertly the rrrfe of
F@?““n*“?°fi was ~nch refinned. ' feirl? bifh level of
hntnesivm nonfefit wee reached bu? oe)c*Hn dh’ wagnesium
were very law. The ercoe’inz lew Kfi§“fifliufl catftrf of
tFe yfi"né leeveg wag 4n afrea~on+ witb reenlfis a? lutwnh
snfi “nihrflflje {14) an intntoes “nrlvzefl at reverel stares
of rrnwth. Potessivv we: nn-awha+ enfvfoniskic to t¥e
oanr bases, but tr“ relatively cheater rejwnssive effect
of calcinr toward rotaeeiuu F~d vet bn~un to he eviéofit.
The effect “.1“ liffi’W rnfinwffi-fin $2769 ' (we olev‘rly
shown in t*e nevtant of nfilcinw fi““ '*"Mheiwv thnfi of
pofngeium. “0th hnneg warn absorbed 1% 31rnc? relation
to f“e 11 Mt period. fiewfivev*1v the ebvovafifin of thoee
elemnhfs was finite refinlfi? dwwirr tVe novlv Pt9¢¢fi of

prowth, pna “a frent Peonnulottcn ten? elece in any

culture .

 

 

 

70
1'0 P5 ,
I
5 "u-~ \ ’,
--“'--— \\ /
D \\ ‘r_ :’/.
\ ' ~\/\'0(r /
“. (L1_ \\\7~ /'/’
‘ “‘17.{(.fi’jr /. ’I’
< H‘./ “““ ’
P ,a_ x \ x 1_ Tmmr n11 /
\
16/ [/6 T4 ,ala/ 5/2
a.
[Sr-

F
O
T

 

 

 

 

 

\\ ‘

x \3\

3 \§\

uaS— ‘x\\

4 \\ INTLRLEPL—ATE— Li6H_T_ __.\.

3 “““ “aaaifirmlnap7=““‘*-“*~~:?===z=a~
art .311 2-4-4- l-ll'6 5-1:;

y. o

I
\‘

§ \—\

\ \"\”_qu

tn \.M€

N b _____ \.’4r

z ““““““““ \-6 LIGHT

. -‘”‘~‘_\o———.—_.~—. ~._.
i 2 SHOR} ——————————————— fi—“—‘—:.r:..—:_:

S “our

‘6' 2-6 3-,?2 I16" 5/ r2.
MOLECULAR PROPORTIONS 0F KHzPO,,C/50V03&A~0MGSO4 '
IN CULTURE SOLUTIONS
vi fur; I". “wr- ’: 9‘, ""‘ ' 1"" z" 4*" 1:11:63 6le :onts

under s‘v r9 1 11~‘t x? wres in o*’os III.

-13..

r; .2 '
' l
..

:0 potns- 1:231,

’r ‘K -I 3 .. ‘- -‘.‘ |
tnuee up in accexuanee high the 34;:

lower increments.

‘P'r rev-:1" !!1' w 3-"-
H I x " " ‘ -"
‘ s - L“ . - e, L

§

0
1a- ‘7’!“0 r3 t 5‘1"" A17») 3 fl‘

1 cht0 tknt n lever concantret ion
1‘

or ycung plants.

on t' o 07:31:?

.‘\‘§v‘1 '4' * 11 Q?<‘ ‘I: 2.31 "t’: ‘A'._\
nm‘: 4...: --- ‘ I ‘~". ' .- \cu-u

. .5 .. a.
;nu, yes no»

If)

1. , 3.3
-.-.L. 16118., L". but}

"

c02tai:1n* th

‘J

‘ q . ’
00'“ n n'. ‘*‘. < (15‘ w i... t ,
V~«‘ L ‘J ‘.‘--‘.(A1_‘_j L "_ “.r_ m‘e.

-. ‘ - L

three. T1‘.1.s ‘m011d

~A v,” ‘ ,:~ “ ‘l'
youaeh is auoqaaue

General niscussion

Consifierin: the evidonse o? the first two series,
it seems conclusive that notsssiuw was most abnnflsnt in
nlsnts grown to firtvrity under short lirht. is the light
period was lenstkoned, the level of sotnssiun intake
dressed. In yovng plurts t?ose rtenorons ears not as
well definei.

0n tfie other bend, calcium wcs_:nst sbunfinnt
unfler longer lifiht periods, with 13 or 17 hours about
equally efficient in promoting absorstion of this element.
refinesium was similsrly effected by the rhetOporiod.

In attempting to explain the results of these
exocriments, it is well to remember that on those same
plants, determinations of organic and total nitrogen
showed that the shorter the light varied, the higher the
percontape of nitrogen. This was in accordance with the
rinsinzs of nsny other investigators. Foreovcr the length
of day was practically tle only controlling factor, as the
plants were sole to get an adequate suowly of nitrogen
from the lowest increments, and therefore failed to
resnond to inoressod.smounts.

Thus it may be assumed that in a series of
culture solutions having the same OSfiOtic concentration,
but varying pronortions of the ttroo sslts, all the plants

in the series would Pave an equal supgly of base elements.

. " v" , ”fl 0 ~ .q- . .-\ ‘ -. s
It, is 1 its :6 1:.- .1-.__;.r .1.,r*-:e..l that 51.1 soil-base
a - ~v . ’ 9 .-\ . ,H L 2 ,--‘u ,r -. . - - _.
OQ“111bP1J; s i‘pc u; wl~-rs. If 11 " cgflliiions xaro
910“. 9'3 to 1V“? "7“ A “vs-J" ivz'r‘m e“ -“n~:““° “1 9.371in-

b . -' \ .. .~- t.. I -- .... .~.. I. ’ 1--

lort nzount of oxo e“ for: tone. WW“? 9130 fitter ‘0

. LA... , -. . . .-l L. V. ,‘ _.._ - L ..

F1°3to Tn L a?“ UT-v I ¢r~s. gresssx‘; W?” o.pir~_kl'

“, J.‘ . ..e- ,.. - .. . Q- . l A" 2 A , . , a .3 ‘.. ~ ,
P‘Jfitl-‘H‘lo {1‘ :‘J 3 v:1 t ‘ f3 5 ‘I' Jilin-4.1!" fl. *‘73‘! ' r1." . 4.33309.) 1.133

hith level in tfic short 11 F? el"n‘s 4’ a? “see all sitally

bi"% in orragio filtre“nn. Th-

‘J' ‘...' ' " \_.

is ylzo 9:“xlficnnt thvt it
was only win» sfiovt li;bt tlnq s? rite *‘fr0"un use present
to soy afiownt in fTrso ollrts. In orxgri tits on L
‘fonnrsl.+*uyto
vitrojofi In the plants grown in sVort 13;?f, preportionsl
to tte Rffififlt of on aim . In this arse, calcium was
apparently *fie rest ubwndant cation, alt’o no rnnlysos of

t ‘3 . a ..-, ..- I, -, .\ l ‘5 _. \ $ .
:19H:8 fies 2°09a'101 LJ 310! w-s

filer tTo )1 =ts tn: uh-
sorboi wore calcium.

The afisorjtion of csloiun, tfid to s l rgs extent
3'79_"“-‘Sl'2)71, sons": to be???" r. I‘OClPPOC-fll volition to Uni: of

8.- -._ . ., 1. \ -2 ._ ,. . . .u. , -.,, . ,
PO.FSSllJ. P"o« the cvi.01ce wt {and L Ffl.3 us? 0so:

.\r .. t

I

.1
{.30
5.1
}..J
1.4

“““sto nwaor

, )- I;'r.n

.. . . . . .1 .l. \ .
safe to o?'*l_'i‘:7-.'t,"':."f3' 13"“ .0. ~* f- cult)

«new 721th 1" t 9 n1 axis ‘v c ‘;f'gf"::1*{;‘»r'-.E f'rsgm

\
(u
2‘
Q.

0- .. . a . .L. y 3-x,
xfose unaor w ice t ed *

‘ _- .- .-. I-.. .._.) ., -... ,.
salts 1116331? 2-?3'.',-‘. :2 cl 1.: r M: e. . iriois 9.1» <-- 3. 1

i“ 3“““Gctinn wit? fFCSB studios. busy fanni tfiqt solutions

O

- ~. , . . an . 1..., 2. ..1’: 3 .-,-.-;
wLicn StifiulltSd ¢:ou.; : mug c.:;311 CflnmiziOQB HIQLL
9 a" n .3 ' “ r" 1 ~- 3" -'-. -'- ‘.~ iv.‘ (V 3“ ‘-\'.r\' ‘ ‘ 5‘: ’ a} z‘ ’ Pagfi'h'vvv!‘ ""1'11
QI‘OHJCO 1'3-” .3\4 ,...A H. ._ .. ‘-v-v-1 v. a”... .. \ 3. ‘.'., -.. at 2.3- J. .9 ‘ ,J L .
0‘ "Cir.

O
C
*
C

fl
-w"

Conclusions

Crufle 09h wag bifihe" 13 wens TPGWfi 11 10 hours
liyht fhnn in 13 hours, but not consistan¥lf Fianr fbrn
1“ plants Prawn in 17 hnnvs 1!*%%. A cv1+uvn solntion
kirk in warhesinm rennlfnd in tha lovafif crude 98% in 811
bufi one case. Vifh normssiWfi or “if% onlfiinfi Solutions
grow plwntn which were the Pifhest 5n crude 99%.

The correlation between ffin relative Sfif‘lf of
nvy one elewnnt in a group of chtvvcs, anfi +59 rclnfive
intake of thnt element by the plants grown in tiese cultures,
was very clearly parked.

Pokassiufi displnfied a stront repressive effect
on the intnko of cnlnfnfi and magnesfivm, often ovornhnfiowlng
ofVer factnrs where the supply of nntnssinw was high and
the gvfiélv of the othnr banes rntVQr 10W.

Calcium End a sorewhfit firnnfier infinsnive effect
on nofnssififi ran hnd “njnesflun, in cvitnres where these
bases were nbundnnt.

Riéht evboenros n? 10 Pours flvily ffioflucefl qunts
bfqh in nofnseinr av? 10? in cn701nw v”? "W”PCPXUfi.

L1“%t erfidruree of 13 rnwrs ”fioflvccd plants lower
in poqu“ ova hifihe“ 4% “21c1Vfl ovfi ~nf“9u’ufl than 10 hour
plants. TFflfi cwfinvuro in Sarina T Enfl +Pe h1QVest level

of onlofium infnve.

9
:31d ‘f‘fir‘FVO :3 mm.

J
t
(J:
I

BIPIIOUW‘”KY
1. .5619 T7. YT. our! "nnfl, '77. I}. A rm"! 7*.0f3?*r?’1 7“" 0951‘ffiting

morass ur. Jnvv. Chew. 900-: 21: lOVS‘ICQO‘ 1900'

9. findnrnnn, P. 3., Swnnlnck, T. F. and Sfroef, 0. E.
Potsnh POTU1?O”GWfS o? tbn tohanno Oran. Conn. Ear.
Em. :"tn. F1111. 3.74.. 1W1".

3. fissocirt?on of "ff1cin1 ThricWItHral ChnW1sts. tfficial

and tenfntive mehtofis of analysis. fififi OR. "no ington

ah
.
9“,

Partbolonew, R. ’. and Jannsen, G. The rate or obsorption

of pOrnsnfun by plants add its posnikle effect upon h

‘9‘ f"

of pot'ssiun fertilizers. Ar”. ”fir. 1x3. ta. Bu11.2oo.

1071.

5. Fonfier, J. F. A critical study of fho influence of soil
type on the cnlcium nnfl rnfifinsfum COfitnnt and other
physiolnficn] characters of nlfalfs. Soil Fc1., g1;
205-232, 1939.

6. Variations in fho calcium and magnesium

. 0---“w

 

contnnt of non vlnnfs 0w fit”?wrent :rilu tfines. $011

Sci., 9“: 15—95, 1929,

DJ.’

.. . " ... 7.. . .. . . J- . -
'7. Y;L.".:.:;’-. 04-3 . .‘u’mazsiil; €;0!.»..0.-1{.- 01' zzlfalf‘a

.._ ..._: . .. - 73.3... ‘ x- b. r..- .. n

' l I t ' , .’ ,n -

N: .JA.L S'.,._ .‘o u 3 53. k ‘ -.... . . ;(“-~ . h“)v. - L)I)Qfl.' “1:
~

7 rvr-n r‘vr 4“ 1"}"3‘f
. o': .4J-~' l.'.'. Us) 0

a 0* ~ "' 1 1 o ,
’1 ~. 7“ »""7 ._ Iv V (3 l-‘( ‘.‘ T T r.1\‘.'\ ..Qv \‘u‘r‘w - a {0114
U. ~J....U- ', «I. .1. ,1 L --.-.'. . -.., -1. LI ..-.---I .- s. a .-4 kL
' _‘ ‘ v ‘5 9 ‘ ‘ _'_ _ j. , . _ _ I: !
\‘9“:‘l ‘. "g‘ \,"\Y“ .‘ ‘7'".‘ r. 4 -‘ r V" ' ‘ 1.' 2f ' .‘ ' ‘ ' .|(" l \ it!¢'l l
1-... v 1 -,o' . Q d C .o'm- 5 0..- w - .. ‘v .u‘" h- l- -- g '- Lo- L31 v- - CL -' . ‘u '- ms“ (n!- ~ a. ‘ 5-1 .5 U 6
q q o a . ‘ q o o n 0 fi 0 o g
- -.-‘ \ a: s" P. s; ‘f' . ' -"I x ' '1 (w. 2' ‘v'g " - ‘ x. ‘ ~- .- 9 . r~ '34, - .1 . . .
«HA-.- I... . 0...: ‘l—. C!» . o' A I-‘v ul- ‘\. -- A ..1'. :21 \b'u'n O ..I L 1.5 L" 4. L‘J) u, i;— ‘ 4 I. .Ltb)r1.
' 9'- fi fr. - —\
.r)‘\y~. ’ .7... r?"(' F'"\. 1 -‘\‘r‘\.‘\ .1"! 7,
‘4 \ vcvb . vb . v «r w . , K 'u- b u. ‘ ~l«‘$ ‘ . -.- /’I ‘ .
»’ q-
.‘ O. ‘ O h e
(1 :Vqr‘h I V" ‘ . fl ‘6‘ 4- \ '3‘ “ L") - (”“1 ~—r‘ A , .1. ) t‘ {..‘er
w. .2.» (~54, . ... v. -. g. .1“ ‘biv- 5 ~.- - . 0.." --\—'~ ~---— L; - tb-
V . .- - n .v .. 1 3. .. . -- . .u ~=~. . rv- {j ‘ 100
n c ~. -\7 0‘ .. - ' ' Is 1" _ ' ‘.< .‘ \ .. . . \ [u i ‘ . 4 ._.. 0
‘J j- |' 'v ‘00...- v .3. V"- ~ -- , 4- 3‘ ' ‘ ‘ (v’ v' 1’ .... - - - ht 5" C o n) v . ' ' “ ‘k . , "” 2 o ‘ / M)- Li.
“ .-

10. Eff-.19": "‘. 75., T021353 .9 27:23.“, J. 33.. and Olsen, 1). (30.113081-

. _1 _,' 5‘ "z _ ‘ Q ‘ _ _ O _' 4 . ... Q n ,0 ‘
r'x c tfi. “' ’\ "'9' -‘~ 1‘-r‘-' 'W ' '- 3 "h ’ .0 '\ ‘ I"
t 10 o' 51‘ "'1. 1’ ;'.Y|‘ ..L.1. 1.. ~‘ 03 («1-45k'3v L 1' \1. .1 ‘ a (m' -.\-_ '. .. --‘-'-‘J .‘ v.0 - - ~v~. ‘U‘CO

' . ”'1 a 1 .‘\ '- ’ ‘. w. - J ? 1“ .- .2 '-. g" t v ‘~ 3‘ 7-. ' ‘ 3“ .‘~ .‘ '1‘ .
:1 v3 «1‘ —-'~ L " I. 1‘. - .,.‘~-‘15 5."..L—1-9- 03‘ ‘9-.- ‘-:‘”ON ‘-'Q -(.:---—U. 3. z} a -— #Du", f“ .101. , G:
” -
17/” .‘o\"'d. l 1 u...
7’ __ "‘ "(1' .- Q“ g- , ‘.._3. _- 3". l.‘,-, , ‘7‘ . -.‘
11. . 1- , J. U. '-.-;.v._: volun .21: z ., 2:: L21"? 31:31.: . 27.1,-0311m.
T n._ ,._ .. "‘ . . . 1" fr!» '1’ ""
U\ C .11). .R'L'. 351. -'....‘._E. '.Q ~- ()0. ’ I—liJ: \.' -- 3 . u. - #0:
a“

’v x.‘ .‘ 75 f." I 0“ :‘1 .. (a ‘ O u- ' . T Vt. .
112. on U‘u‘n: .1(‘., -t . . . -"~ ‘1 .Lon. 4 *fijrw . 1‘1:J v‘.. Ctr C.: -l~v- ~‘- 0* 13b :2 *u,m

a - no . .» .... 1.3.. .. . #1 n, . J- ' ..- .._- . 1.131“. .21 f
_‘ a, h. . '. ,.l _ ‘ v . " . )g;‘}1'_$ I ,' no I‘ l .o. I' n
\' ;.. .L J L 2‘. _C-~‘.’ 3 (.11‘.. 2.. {5" ‘54 ‘~id.‘>'-- “..r‘i- ~‘ g »- ~’-. ~" h-u ‘ ctr - 0:1 0
a ‘ . ' ‘ 9
on”: .--; '3”-""‘a'~0 -‘r‘m "."bfif‘n ""8 ‘ . '1 I": ", 1 1:1“- . "T"
g , .. ~ .. . . . _ Jy‘ f .- Jau’ ‘. . .- .. ~r.s on .

,- «r- -~ .. ._..‘ w W -. ms t .. 3-.. , ~1- H "~'~ :. n 3.1.
1;... O ". , .. . -.. .3..T“LL‘I‘, x. a. 3. (cm. n- 8271138 on

ru-
1
I
I.
A
“
v
i
g.
V
n
J
. J
C
u...

_‘._ . ‘o.A _ ' '3': ' ~A ‘. '.‘ ' - .1 9.. ' H ‘4 t 3..
3 t“ .".P ‘._ ’..,“~"17' .I‘A f . .‘Lf 1: r a.

I J. A gr". I.‘ 3 ‘5 .._‘-§ - - ' _, a... J . — La‘ . t no . ‘-¥ . “~"
._ _

Tech. ?aper 8. 1923. '

T‘vsnn'mqf n‘a ("1}
a 7- I .. . - \ ‘ ,.

nil.-.
-5-l ‘ ~

‘ fi.‘ n fl u—, -: - I“ ’3 ‘ ~t 1“ ~"~ -‘ ‘- NH, .;“A1 ’1 I .
ijjt 23‘1"}, L). on o "r, i .J. ..I .z.‘ -: .Q’ ..Q .l‘. «~33 L clAJ O). . “‘881’17'1
~- ‘1
,‘,.' ._. . (f5 vs" “.1-" '9'.!. --_, u”... .' f.,. "5"} '1 J)’\/‘
“0;. ~-‘ 4., _;'-'~ --4.vg. ‘ v. . - 0 «db 'C ‘ w .~b 4 £11.. .. “v k).
\
u ' r“ '\ ‘ ' | 'O . J‘ t. l . J.. n\
V}. ‘ .. ‘0 a. f 45
. a . Al_.‘ul A. -. .L‘Q L J- C-' 0‘ O £OO%, 1A. I'p‘10 qr‘i 0‘
fl'~ "‘9! "“5 3‘01 w ‘1‘ ." 7‘ ‘11 f‘ "
g g -0 _ ; . -.m ,. t L; . us--- - o A... s a u... a,
O! 'I?:P" o
. 4 II- ‘c' .
“ rim... on a 78 -, 1 W0 azu- a ,4 ""0 ‘ -. .-.
O ‘ O —-~‘—r -2.-J.. ‘- 1‘ -—.-‘-‘~.4 -- Lo .3. O 9' ALT}. ' 5.11 O

{V 'fi ~..'_'.‘ 73 '- 'a if.

\1- r: .r‘t 1',"‘. 4- .9 r.'\~ rfiqs ~‘ -;--. y . {- ,y‘N .\ «I V- . .1 g‘ '. . h I. [x j d ‘
5 {a . «5,. 54'.) -_ . J. V ; ~w~ 4L 0*). A C Lp-‘Iv'nJi-w .“L. 52.1. J .- 1v 3 ~'.. 3 O . *Klfi’lt
an .'\ fl" r:
. ~fi“ Aw 14-1
3.. ’ L g L} .,"£ "LL‘ 1 . .4 § .
-
.- '2. "fl ‘
v" . ' 7 "‘ »' e'.>-~-"-‘~ ‘9“ ‘9“ "- 7" npx‘nr v‘ *' fin-n‘" d
it ’ ‘ o. . J .f'a ‘_‘I ‘.-. ~‘Jbfib — S -- '1. .s . L.‘ ‘ ‘AI‘L ~= - V J M); i ‘8 nn
‘4‘ Hr? up 5‘34'hr‘” ”H "I‘fifl '~’\."\i"finc~".1“-~ :‘x'u‘f-H'! ‘Y'fr" ".
-J.-. sf\- ‘ -5 a-.~ yo. \J‘ _ an ~~ . - J: ‘u‘- “mg... 1.-.... .~_ . .4.-. ,_._.:.|,‘, .v.
0
w 'l‘ " ‘ht- ‘ ‘- - '1 ‘1 F)‘fi .I‘ {- f“ "
('- " - r w .‘\‘\ r‘. T‘. .. 3
. =.'$.;.~.') ..w J. . __.o , L a “11-44.. 5.“). .L- 4;).

3., “lllfi‘fiw, J. J. and

'. -‘- I ‘l‘r
Léryesz, Z. I. factors

. .._..9 .‘ . . . v . a 1" 1-
117' t C: 911.114.?3" O." ’30 :tcr’cif’zl 0‘." 31¢; "cl-Jr's. M. ‘1.

T~s‘""¢~9~ n a" gym-91 "o\$“‘. :...,‘ o ‘PNV'F’.’ “r“
.h u . .5 '41 w kl ' - ~ n: .J ‘0. V .J l u.‘ ..L1 , J l J V J. 4-. --b ’¢'~ ..
»-._'\-.-'§~c~ ‘ ‘ 1 3 " 3" g“ *.1"-r11*? ~t !‘ « ”~9.fi“"‘"\ ’3‘ '1‘. ‘7 fl
c-NJ’ < - u..- ..A. s- l- .‘ v \0- L’a'o’ I “l ‘ I
.’ t \w .' \;- g. -.f'.'1~v‘-" fl Ififi‘!‘ '9‘ ‘,’;t?? (5.?” 9"“""‘n” ."‘.'JtQ
. 1., s I, u \: .LJ ~. . , _l ., _ _,- . -. °.' ~' ‘fi _‘ l, .‘P L IJ I 2. .
x. ,n ' . 0‘ ,‘ p‘__ ~ -— .1 . 1 .r‘r‘y 1 AIV(\
Q . o \ L o - 24 o A 0 at. .. --

LII, ii 04‘:& 5-51.»; i.

 

 

;