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This thesis was contributed by
Mr. Li. W. Taber
under the date indicated by the department stamp, to re-

place the original which was destroyed in the fire of
March 5, 1916.

 

.. \~‘
|
111313090? TESTS
73V
/ 3—;-
'1‘
"1* v. Thain a J. P. ZEI-IICIZERBOCKZ‘IR,
—
AT
:11 03:: cm 5:321:CULTURAL 001112113;
1904.
\p-o

THESIS

The object of this thesis, is, to determine the effect
of the temperature of feed water upon the amount of water deliver—
ered, by an.injector on a three feet lift, per pound of steam.

The injector used was a Penberthy Auto-Position
Injector; catalog No. 117. It was connected up as shown in
sketch. The injector, all steam pipes and the calorimeter were
wound with hair felt to prevent condensation by radiation.

As feed and delivery tanks, we used two of the old
boilers in the boiler house; numbered respectively No. 1 and
No. 2 in.sketdh. They were calibrated to read to each cubic
feet at 5295F. In.calibrating tanks, a wooden frame supporting
two glass tubes was attached to setting of boilers. The tubes
were connected to boilers as shown in shetCh. 62.4#, or one
cu. ft. of water was then run into the boiler and the level of
the water, as registered in glass, was marked off on scale side of
the glass.

Beth gauges and thermometers were calibrated before
and after tests were run.

In mixing feed water so as to obtain the temperature
desired for same; hot water was drawn from hot water tank into
boiler No. 1, as shown in sketch. If necessary, enough cold
water was added to bring temperature of feed water to temperature
desired. The cold water connections were on the front of the
boiler No. l, and therefore not shown in sketch.

The method of running tests was as follows: The inject-
or was started and the flow of feed water was regulated by valve

A so that water in barrels maintained a constant level, giving a

three feet lift. The steam and delivery pressures were throttled
to 100# gauge by valves B and C reSpectively and the injector
allowed to run a few minutes, until it became thoroughly heated
up. At a given signal, valve A was closed and reading oftwo tanks
taken when valve A was immediately opened again and regulated as
before. The feed tmd delivery temperatures were also taken at
this instant. The tests were continued for 45 minutes, temper-
atures of feed and delivery being taken every two and one half
minutes. The steam and delivery pressures were kept constantly
at 100# gauge throughout the test. At the end of forty-five
minutes, readings of tanks were taken as at beginning. Thus it
will be seen that a flying start and finish were made. The tests
were all run with valve in suction pipe wide open.

The feed temperatures for tests were varied, as nearly
as possible, byblOOF.

The temperature inthe delivery tank was found to fall
below that registered by thermometer in the delivery pipe, and in
our computations has been used only to determine the actual number
of pounds of water delivered by injector.

Calorimeter tests were run at the same time injector
tests were run and the average quality of steam. as found was used
in computations.

All computations were made for one hour, as will be seen

by observing equations in log of results.

E”

III

‘II

I‘
i

 

 

 

 

1—.

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

STERN LOG. S-.‘.'.—-’ >

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

F H

 

 

BLOW OUT PIPE. No.2

l

  

 

    

   

. ) dIscHnnas PIPE,

0‘. u
-. SKETCH SHOWING METHOD OF“ CONNECTING INJECTOR

FIND THE RRRHNCEMENT OF’ STEHM AND WRTEF? PIPES.

ng of Results.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reading of Tank

0

C)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Temp. Temp.
Feed Delivery

Time so so.
8:25 52.6 29.0
8:27.5 52.6 129.0

8:50. 52.5 128.8 f

8332.5 52.5 128.5
8:55. 52.5 28.5
8:57.5 52.5 128.5
8:40 52.5 128.5
8242.5 .2.5 28.5
8:45 52.7 128.5
:47.5 2.7 128.0
8250' 52.8 28.7
8:52.5 53.0 128.2
8:55. 53.0 129.0

8.57.5 53.0 128.
2 9:00 53.8 128.8
I 9:02.5 55.5 129.0
9:05. 55.5 129.1
9:07.5 54.0 129.1
9:10 54.2 29.8
Lgvgrage :3.‘ 138.-

 

Tank Inital ' Final
Feed 76.8 cu.ft. 11.5 cu. ft.
Delive 9.6 cu. ft. 80.25 cu. ft.
Cu. ft. water supplied =es.s
Cu. ft. water delivered=70.65
Steam pressure=100#
belivery pressure=100#
n a- ngg,
Steam Steam Steam %
30. Pressure Separated Run Through Steaap
l 108 .075 5.08 97.1
2 111 .070 3.10 97.9}
sense «22.;

1. Duration of test = 45 minutes.

2. Steam pressure(p)=100#

5. Delivery pressure (P‘)=100#

4. Delivery head (H)=255.8 ft.

5. Suction.head (H')=5 ft.

6. Temp. of supply (T)=52.90F. ’

7. Temp. of delivery in tank (T')=ll7.6°F.
8. Lbs. of water supplied per hr.(W)=5455§ .

‘fi9.. Lbs. of water delivered per hr.(W.)=5818.7#

10. Cu. ft. of water delivered per hr. (C)=94.2 cu. ft.

11. Wet steam delivered.per hr.(W')=585.7#

12. Dry steam delivered per‘hr.(W")=575.8# j

15. Water delivered per lb. of wet steam=15.l§

14. Water delivered per 1b. of dry steam=15.5#

15. Velocity of discharge in ft. per sec. . .

v=(cu. ft. delivered! 144 =94.2 g 144 :76.9

‘ 5600 area of discharge in sq. in.) 5600 x .049

16. Energy delivered raising injector water B.T.U. per hr.

N.B.-— i = plus.

 

' 778 778
17. Energy delivered heating injector water B.T.U. per hr.

 

W(Q'-Q)=5455(97-21)=402908 B.T.U.
18. Energy delivered velocity of discharge B.T.U. per hr.

‘.v =5818.7 3 (76,013: 695 B. T. U.
g x 778 64.4 x 778

09 :3

19. Total energy delivered =(16) 1 (17) 1 (18) 1 W’qt =
1771 i 402808 % 695 l 585.7 K 27=442786.9 B.T.U.

20. Energy supplied=$'(xr 1 q)=585.7(.975 x 876.5 3 508.5)=448607.7
B”.U.

21. Efficiency=442786.9 = 00%
448607.?

Log of Regglts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Temp. Temp.
Feed Delivery
Time F? F? Reading of Tanks.
11:45. 161.5 157.8 Tank Inital Final
11:47.5 61.0 157.0 Feed 79.5 15.8
11:50. 60.7 156.6 Delivery 8 5 77.6
11:52.5 60.9 156.9 .
11:55_ 61.0 156.0 Cu. ft. of water supplied=65.5
11:57.5 61.0 156.8 Cu. ft. of water delivered=69.1
12:00. 61.0 156.9 Steam pressure=100#
12:02.5 61.0 156.9 Delivery pressure=100¥
12:05 61.1 157.0
' ' - ' Calorimeter Readings.
2:07.5 61.5 156.9 4
‘ ' ' Steam Water Steam 2
12:10 61.4 156.7 Ho. Pressure Sepgrated Run Through Steam
s:12.5 61.5 157.1 1 112 .370 3112 07.:
12:15 61.5 '157.2 2 110 .075 2.90 97.6
12:17.5 61.6 157.5 3 110 .060 2.98 97.5
12:20 61.7 157.8 Average,---- 97.6
12:22.5 61.9 157.7
12:25 62.0 157.8
12°27.5 62.2 158.0
_‘l2:50 2.4 158.1
Lgdverage 61.4 157.2

 

10.

16)

17.

19.

20.

Duration of test =45 minutes.
Steam.pressure(r)=100#

Delivery pressure =100$

Delivery he d (" = 254 feet.

Suction head (H')=5 feet.

Temp. of supply (T)=61.4OF.

Temp. in delivery tan;(T')=127°F.

Lbs. of water supplied per'hr.(5)=5274.2.
Lbs. of water delivered per hr.(8')=5668.1
Cu. ft. delivered per 1r.(C )=C2.

Wet steam delivered per hr.(.')~o95.91
Drys can delivered per h1W.( 7”)- 584.4
Water celivered per lb. wet stean=1..5u

Water delivered per 1b. dry steam 214.9%
Velocity of discharge in feet per sec. ,
v =19u.- =92 x 144 _=75.1

5600 x area discharge II”) 5600 x .049
Energy delivered raising injector water B.T.U. per hr.

5(2 iuB') éwfl'fi‘ = 5274.2 (254 i 5) 1 595,9 g 254 =1725.1
778
Energy delivered heating injector water B.T.U per‘hr.

(0-0')-52"4. (105. 2-29. 4)=420991. 1

 

 

Energy delivered velocity of discharge B.T.U. per hr.
0 . O

T.V:* _“EGGQ§1 x $7531)“ =658.

29 x 778 64. 4 x 778

Total energy delivered =(16) 1 (17) 1 (18) 1 U'qtz

 

172501-4209n1o1 ; 63L ; 50309 X 10502 = 4.6468105 DOTOU.

Energy supplied per hr. = 5'(xr i q) =

5‘

595.9 (.9 76 x 876.5 1505.5)z469499.6 2.9.

Efficiency = 464681,§ =99.l%
468499.6

Leg 0: Results.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Feed Delivery
Temp. Temp.
Time 0 Readigg of Tanks.
9:55 72.5 149.9 Tank Inital 1 Final
9:57.5 72.5 149.7 Feed 70.5 9.9
10:00 72.6 150.0 Delivery 8.4 74.7
10:02.5 72.8 150.0
10:05 75.0 150.2 Cu. ft. of water supplied =60.6
10:07.5 75.1 150.2 Cu. ft. of water delivered=66.5
10:10_ 75.5 149.9 Steam pressure =100#
10:12.5 75.5 150.2 Delivery pressure =lOO#
10:15 75.6 150.1
1
10:17.5 74.0 151.0 Galorimiter Readings.
10:20 74.0 150.8 1
- ' Water 1 .1
10 :22.5 74.1 151.0 Steam Separated 1 Steam lo
50. Pressure # I Run Through Steam
10:25 74.2 151.8 '
1 114 .00 I 3.16 97.8
10:27.5 74.4 151.8 ’ ' '
' ‘ 2 114 .07 5.16 97.6
10:50 74.5 151.0 ‘- '
‘ ‘ ’ 5 115 .07 5.14 97.5
10:52.5 74.7 151.9 ‘
' Average,-— 97.65 1
10:55, 75.0 151.9
10:57.5 75.1 152.1
10:40 75.5 152.0
Aygrasgltzb; 1511.21

 

17.

18.

Duration 0: test =45 minutes.

Steam pressure (P)=100#

Delivery pressure (P‘);1oo#

Delivery head (H) =255.8 ft.
Suction‘head (H')=5 ft.

Temp. on supply (T)=75.9°F.

Temp. of delivery in tank (T')=l42.l°F.

Lbs. of water supplied per hr.(W)=5042#

Lbs. of water delivered per hr.(5.)=5422.4f

Cu. ft. of water delivered per‘hr.(0)=88.4
Wet steam delivered per hr. (2')=580.4#
Dry steam delivered per'hr. (W")=57l.9f ,
Water delivered per 1b. of wet steam 214.59
Water delivered per lb. of dry steam =14.7#
Velocity of discharge in ft. per sec.=

V: (cu. ft. delivered per
5600(Erea of discharre

 

Energy delivered heating injector water B.T.U. per hr.

 
  

 
 

v (2"?

U(H}H');1 W'H'=5042 a u
778 _ 778

  

Energy delivered heating injector water B.T.U. per hr.
U(Q'-Q)=5042(119-4O.92)=595679.4 , ;
Energy delivered velocity of discharge B.T.U. per hr.

0

2112. = 5”“°” x_172.2 9:564 B.T.U.
29 x 770 64. 4 x 770

Total energy delivered =(16)11(17) 1 (18)1_ wag Qt

=1663 1 595679 1 564 1 580.4 x 119 =440674 B.T .U.

Energy supplied =W'(xr1q)=580.4(.976 x 276.5 1 508.5)=442785.62.T.

 

Efficiency: 440674' =99.7fi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Temp. Temp.
Feed Delivery
Time P? ' :0. 1 “Reading of Tunis.
1825‘ 80.5 156.0 Tank Initsl Final
:27.5 80.0 157.0 Feed 76.9 16.9

1:30. 79.6 157.5 Deliveryé 7.6 72.
1:52.5 79.5 157.0 .
1:55_ 79.6 157.5 Cu. ft. of water supplied =60.0
1:57.5 80.0 157.5 Cu. ft. of water delivered =64.9
1:40, 80.0 158.0 Steam pressure=100#
1:42. 80.5 158.4 Delivery pressure =100#
1:45. 80.5 153.0
1347.5 80.7 158.0 F. Calorimeter Readings.
1:50 81.0 158.8

' ' Steam Water Steam %
1.52.5 81.1 158.9 No. Pressure Sepefieted Run Errough Steam
1:55 81.5 158.9 1 111 .070 ' 5.10 97.8
1257.5 81.5 158.8 2 110 .070 2.98 97.7
2:00. 81.6 159.0 5 109 .065 2.96 97.9
2202.5 82.0 159.4 [Average,------TO7.75
2:05’ 82.0 159.2
2307.5 82.2 159.0
2:10 00.4 150.0
Average 80.7 159.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

= 45 s
3. Steam pressure (P)=100¥
5 1"‘1‘1‘761‘1 fireoqu-ae (’_3'):-:"Ofl:.":
. 119...... J ‘2. Us. 4. .. J. u”
4. Delivery heed (H)=2:5.5 ft.

5. Suction he ed (:I')fl ft.

*4

6. Temp. 0 supily (T): 3007?.

7. Temp. of delivery in tank (T')3150°F.

0. Lbs. of water supplied per hr.(T)=4977.6§

9., Lbs. of We er delivered per hr.(§.)=5557.4§

19. Cu. ft. of water delivered per hr.(0)=86.4 cu. ft.

11. Wet steam delivered per hr.(0')=579.8#

2. Dry steed delivered per hr.(f")=570.7# ‘

13. Water delivered per 1". of wet stedn=l4.1#

l4. Uster delivered per lb. of dry steam =14.5#

15. Velocity of disehsrg e in ft. per dec.= _
V=’cu. ft. delivered) 144 ' = 88-48144 ~10-5

5505T555373T discharge in sq. in.) 5600 x .049
15.:nergy delivered raising injector water B.T.U. per hr.

 

0 E_§_E{)_1 T'Kr-977.6 x 25«.5 1 579.02 . 255.5 “1539 B.T.U.
770 778
17. Energy in heating injector water B.T.U. per hr.
W(Q'-Q)==4977o6(126.4-49.7)=5 8170'10 9 D010 0
10. Energy delivered velocity of diseherge B.T.U. per hr.

w .v3 =see7.4 z (7045).: 55 4 3- T-Uo
2g x 773 64.4 x 778

19. Total energy delivered =(16) 1 (17) 1 (18) 1 W'qt =
1639 k 38173109 ; 53104 i 579.8X126F.4 :43? “9 d9o2 BoToUo

20. Energy supplied =J'(: :r 1 q)=579.0 x 076.5 1 508.5)=448037.2 3.5.0.
21. Efficiency = 4319§9.2 3 ioo:s7.7%

442087.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1102?? o T0131) 0 ___}
Feed Delivery Reading of Tanks.
Tine F F?
' Tank Inital Final
5:55 8 .0 169.0
' I Feed 206 31.1
5:57.5 99.0 169.0 ' '
Delivery 6.0 72.5
4:00 99.2 169.0
4:02.5 89.5 168.9
Cu. ft. of water supplied=61.5
4:05 89.5 169.1
Cu. ft. of water delivered=66.3
4°07.5 89.7 169.0

Steam pressure=100§
169.4

t3

elivery pressure =100§

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

43:3. 9000 16908
1
4:15 00.2 169.8 F
' ' Calorimeter Readings. ~
4:17.5 90.5 170.0 _;
a:20 90.8 169.9 Steam Water Steam f I
' ‘ fie. Pressure Separated Run Through Steam
4:29. 90.6 170.0 ___ U_#_ # :
' 1' 110 "' .07 3.09 07.61
4:25 90.6 170.0 '
' S 110 .07 5.09 97.6
_ 5 115 .07 3.10 97.6
4:80 91.0 169.8
' ' Average, ------ 97.6
4:92.5 91.1 169.4 I

 

 

 

 

A
'1

170.6
169.5
160.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average 90.5 169.

 

17.

123 .

19.

<16>_% (17) a (13) ; w'q =

Dueretion of test=4fi unutee.
Steam pressure (9)2100;
'r

Tel ivery pre “mire (P‘)=100f

Delivery Heed(£)=257 feet.

1

Suct Len hen ed =0 feet.

Temp. 0? supply {T)=0095 P.

Temp. of delivery in tank 132.90P.

Lbs. of eater sueelied per hr. (P)35096.1
Lbs. of water delivered per hr. CI')=54 Wnl.
Cu. ft. of Iveter O.el :Lvered eer Lr. (C):TC.7
Wet steam delivered per hr. (P‘}=395.1#
Dry steam deli ered per hr .(P"" 2335.3?
Peter delivered per lb. wet “t"er»le.7§
Peter delivered per lb. dry at am=14.1
Velocity of discharge in ft. rer sec.

V=(Qu. ft. Ctlfvered) :{ 144:98.7 x_144=72.1
n.‘ A T - hhrx ."
Seuuiere 3 dir cher’e f1”? oqu x .94;

Energy delivered raising injector water E.T.U. per hr.

r(3 ; 2');;:v'r'= 5306.1 x :40 4 3.5.1 x 257 =1ees.2
vee 773

Energy delivered heetin3 injector water B. T. U. per hr.
r(e-e')=ecoe.1 (138.4 - 58.8) seeeees .5
Energy delivered velocity 08 disclerge D.T.U. per hr.

0
.‘Y 17‘! --.. n ('1 F0 .. r", r:
n,” ~"4:1 a X (I: 1 Seé.u

‘- g. v .70.

89 X 778 64.4 X 778

Total energy delivered =

t
1693.2 l 398 485. 5 1 584.5 % 595.1 x 138.4 = 458394.8

20. Energy supplied 2 P'(Xr ; q):
395.1(.976 x 876.5 1 508.5)=459896.4
21. Efficiency=458594.§ = 99.7%

 

 

 

 

459896.4
W-l

No. of Feed Delivery Water to
Test. Temp. T628. Steam

1 52. 128.9 15.1

2 61.4 137.2 14.5

C 75.9 150.9 14.5

4 80.7 158.2 14.1

5 90.3 169.5 1.3.?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion.

 

The log of results show that an increase of feed
temperatures causes a falling off of capacity of injector.

This is ca sed.by the reduced vacum Within the combining tube.

0.:

Tests Po. 3, 5 an. 4, seem to have about the right
variation in capacity, While tests Po. 1 and 5 show too great a
variation in capacity.

The rather unproporti nal fall in catacity in

)

tc—ts He. 1 and 5, is due to the fact that the tanks could not

C

be read with enough certainty as the readings were effected no
small amount by the tenoerature.

Our advice in running injector tos.s is, never
use tanks calibrated to read volume but tanks set on scales so

that the enact weight of water supplied and delivered can be

weighed.

Pbotomount
Multibinden
Gaylord Bros., Inc.
Makers

Syracuse. NY.

 

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