UPPER CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY
OSTRACOD FAUNAS FROM KOHAT
DISTRICT OF WEST PAKISTAN

Thesis for the Degree of Ph. D.
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
GHOLAM SORRWAR
1970

{Ht-ISIS

This is to certifg that the
thesis entitled
Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Ostracod
Faunas from West Pakistan

presented by

Gholam Sorrwar

has been accepted towards fulfillment

of the requirements for

Ph. D. degree in Geology

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ABSTRACT

UPPER CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY OSTRACOD
FAUNAS FROM KOHAT DISTRICT OF WEST PAKISTAN

BY

Gholam Sorrwar

The Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Ostracod faunas
from Kohat District of West Pakistan were studied. In
this work 106 species and subspecies have been identified,
discussed, and illustrated. Among them nine species and
subspecies are new. Of the 106 species and subspecies 73
are Upper Cretaceous and 33 are Tertiary in age. The
Upper Cretaceous species have been found to range from
Cenomanian to Maestrichtian and the Tertiary forms range
from Paleocene to Miocene in age. The vertical range of
some Upper Cretaceous species has been extended. The

Tertiary beds of the area previously thought to be only

Paleocene are shown to be Paleocene to Miocene.

 

UPPER CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY OSTRACOD

FAUNAS FROM KOHAT DISTRICT OF WEST PAKISTAN

BY

Gholam Sorrwar

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Department of Geology

1970

 

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am deeply indebted to my guidance committee
member Dr. Robert Ehrlich of the Geology Department for
his patient guidance, valuable suggestions, unfailing
understanding, and for his constructive criticisms and
advice in the writing of this thesis. I am especially
grateful to Dr. Chilton E. Prouty for his wise and pa-
tient counsel throughout all phases of the study. His
ever present guidance and support have been a constant
inspiration throughout my graduate program in Geology.

I wish to express my most grateful appreciation to Dr.
Aureal T. Cross for suggesting the present project, for
acquiring the materials from Pakistan, and for his in-
valuable suggestions in preparing this thesis. I owe my
greatest debt to Dr. Jane E. Smith who has been instru—
mental in guiding the present study from its beginning

to the end. I wish to acknowledge the intellectual stim-
ulation and professional guidance that Dr. Smith has

Offered with great warmth throughout the period of my

ii

 

Studies

LICL'JEIS

T'evs‘qu
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4

studies in the Department of Geology, Michigan State
University. It is impossible for me to express my grati-
tude sufficiently to Dr. Frederick M. Swain of the Uni—
versity of Minnesota who most kindly checked all the
specimens of this work, gave me invaluable suggestions
concerning the identification of genera and species, and
loaned me his own reference collections and type Specimens
and those of several other workers for comparison with my
specimens. Dr. Swain most graciously loaned me the rare
literature of his personal library and gave me suggestions
regarding the technique of writing this thesis. Special
thanks are hereby acknowledged to the Pakistan Geological
Survey and to Mr. Ali Nasar Fatmi of the Geological Survey
of Pakistan for donating the materials and for supplying
the necessary available maps and information. Finally,

I wish to thank my wife Jane and two children Adina and
Naomi for the sacrifice they made in order to pursue this
research and I wish to thank my parents-in-law Mr. and
Mrs. John G. Fitch for their constant encouragement and
help in numerous ways and for taking care of my family

‘whenever I neglected them in the course of this study.

iii

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. . . . . . . . . . . .

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF THE COLLECTION AREA AND THE
SPECIMEN LOCALITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Descriptions of Localities. . . . . . . . . .
STRATIGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA. . . . . . .
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . .

CHART OF CORRELATION OF THE PAKISTANI OSTRACOD
SPECIES WITH THE SPECIES REPORTED FROM OTHER

PARTS OF THE WORLD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PLATES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXPLANATION OF PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iv

Page

ii

11
20
32

164

173
178

189

214

 

 

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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Page

1. Map of West Pakistan showing the location
of the study area. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2. Location map of Sections A and B showing the
localities A1, A2, A3, A4 and B1, BZ, B3,
B4 (After Geological Survey of India). . . 8

3. Location map of Section C showing the lo—
cality C (After Geological Survey of
India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4. Localtion map of Sections D, E, F, G, H, I,
J, K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q showing the
localities D1, D2, D3, D4, E, F, G1, G2,
G3, H1, H2, I, J, K1, K2, L, M, N, O, P,
and Q (After Geological Survey of India) . 10

5. Columnar Sections A, B, C, D, E, and F (Mod—
ified from Geological Survey of Pakistan). 22

6. Columnar Sections G, H, I, J, K, and L (Mod-
ified from Geological Survey of Pakistan). 28

7. Columnar Sections M, N, O, P, and Q (Modi-
fied from Geological Survey of Pakistan) . 30

Table

1. Taxonomy, and Stratigraphic and Geographic
Distribution of the Upper Cretaceous and
Tertiary Ostracod Faunas in Kohat Dis—
trict of West Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . 161

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INTRODUCT ION

The present work, to study the Upper Cretaceous
and Tertiary Ostracod faunas from Kohat District of West
Pakistan, was suggested by Dr. Aureal T. Cross of Mich-
igan State University. No previous studies have been
made of ostracod faunas of any age of this area.

The samples donated by the Geological Survey of
Pakistan for the present study were collected from out-
crops and represent rocks belonging to Upper Jurassic,
Lower and Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary ages. Many of
the samples did not reveal any microfossils and some
contained extensively weathered and distorted or broken
specimens. As a result, the study was directed princi-
pally to the taxonomic classification of the ostracod
faunas and to the determination of ages of the rocks
from which they were collected. No attempt was made to
establish the boundaries between the strata of different
ages.

The majority of the specimens studied are Upper

Cretaceous in age. The Tertiary forms are well-represented

l

 

but less so than the Upper Cretaceous ones. No ostracods
were found in the samples from rocks considered by some
to be of possible Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic ages.

It was not possible for the writer to visit the
area of collection, and therefore, he had to get infor-
mation and data by correspondence, which took considerable
time. Because limited field work in the area has been
completed the information in many cases was insufficient
and doubtful. '

Among the many difficulties faced by the writer
in writing this dissertation one was the lack of liter-
ature on the area. Personal communications were helpful,
but not adequate. The only published literature on the
geology of the eastern half of the study area (the Samana
Range) is by L. M. Davis (1930). There is no literature
on the geological studies of the western half of the area.
Therefore, the descriptions of the geologic formations
of the western half are presented here from personal com—
munications and by studying the samples.

Another difficulty encountered was that the writer

came across some mislabeled and wrongly numbered samples.

The numbering system was very inconsistent and

 

 

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unsystematic. Therefore, duplication of the same number
on samples collected from different levels and different
localities was the common error. Some of these errors
connected with the samples that did not reveal any ostra-
cod fossils did not affect the present work. But the
cases where the samples contained good specimens did
affect the work because those samples could not be used.

Other errors encountered were that the numbers on
slides and/or samples were not recorded on the map. Or
the lithology of the samples did not agree with that of
the rock formation from which the samples were supposedly
collected.

In this work 106 ostracod species and subspecies
have been identified. Nine of them are new. The already
known ones are discussed, the new ones are described, and
all are illustrated. Two species among these 106 have a
doubtful stratigraphic position at one locality; but the
other specimens of these two species from different lo-
calities have unquestioned stratigraphic position. It is

indicated with an asterisk in the table and discussed in

the “Remarks" of the descriptions of these two species.

 

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The samples for the present work were collected,
numbered, and labeled by the personnel of Pakistan Geo-
logical Survey under the guidance of a geologist. The
first shipment of the samples received by the writer were
all slides. The samples were washed, specimens were
picked, and the slides were prepared by the same persons.
The later shipments were all unpicked samples in small
containers. The writer studied and recorded the lithol—
ogies of these samples before washing them. More speci—
mens were picked and new slides were prepared with these
specimens. Because of the presence of mislabeled and
wrongly numbered samples and slides the writer carefully
avoided using any doubtful sample or specimens and used
as many specimens as possible from his own preparation

Which ultimately amounted to 55 species and subspecies

(a little over 50 per cent) of the total 106.

 

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF THE COLLECTION AREA

AND THE SPECIMEN LOCALITIES

The collection area of the present study is lo-
cated in the district of Kohat, Northwest Frontier Prov-
ince, West Pakistan. It extends from Thal on the west to
the Samana Range on the east, which is about halfway be-
tween Kohat and Thal cities and is bounded by longitudes
70°30' E. and 71°0' E., and the latitudes 33°20' N. and
33°35' N. and covers an area of about 150 square miles.
It is a patch 30 miles long and 5 miles wide (Fig. l).

The whole area can be divided into four isolated
outcrop areas from which the materials of the present
study were collected.

(1) Samana Range outcrop area-—The Samana Range
lies halfway between Thal and Kohat. It is situated a
few miles to the north of the central portion of the
Kohat—Thal road and its axis runs roughly parallel to that
road. It extends from longitude 70°48' E. to 71°0' E.,

and latitude 33°30' N. to 33°37' N. The actual collection

5

 

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area of the present study lies between longitudes
70°53' E. and 70°57'30" E., and latitudes 33°31'30" N.

and 33°33'30" N. Localities A A A A , and B , B

1' 2' 3' 4 l 2'

3, B4 are located in this outcrop area (Fig. 2).

B

(2) Shinawari outcrOp area-—This area lies about
one and a half mile northeast of Shinawari and about one
mile soutwest of Bandachi on the Shinawari road at the
longitude 70°49' E. and latitude 33°32' N. Locality C
is located in this outcrOp area (Fig. 3).

(3) Darsamand outcrop area--This area is located
about one mile west and northwest of Darsamand between
the longitudes 70°37'30" E. and 70‘39' E., and the lati-
tudes 33°26'30" N and 33°27'30" N. Localities D1' D2,

D3, D4, and L are located in this area (Fig. 4).

(4) Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area-—This area is
localted to the north, northwest, northeast, and east of
Thal and on the west, south, and east flanks of the
Khadimakh hills, between the longitudes 70°30' E. and
70°35' E., and the latitudes 33°21'30“ N. and 33°24'30" N.

Localities E, F, G , G , G , H , H

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WEST PAKISTAN

 

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NORTHWEST FRONTIER PROVINCE
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LOCATION MAP OF SECTIONS D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, A 0 Q
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Descriptions of Localities

Locality A --(Samana Range outcrop area, Lat.

1
33°33'20" N., Long. 70°55' E.) It is situated about 175
yards northwest of Fort Lockhart (Fig. 2). At this lo—
cality the Tertiary beds of Tarkhobi shale, Lockhart
limestone, and Hangu sandstone are exposed. The exposure
is well over half a mile long, extending northeast-
southwest.

Locality A2--(Samana Range outcrOp area, Lat.
33°33' N., Long. 70°53'48" E.) This locality is situated
about 1.3 miles west-southwest of Fort Lockhart (Fig. 2).
The Tsukail-Tsuk limestone, upper member of the Upper
Cretaceous Darsamand limestone is exposed here. The out-
crop is more than 250 yards long.

Locality A3-—(Samana Range outcrop area, Lat.
33°32'50" N., Long. 70°53'45" E.) This locality is 0.25
miles southwest of the locality A2 and 0.5 miles northeast
of Chalor Silli (Fig. 2) and has the outcrop of Chalor
Silli limestone, the lower member of the Upper Cretaceous

Darsamand limestone. The outcrop.is about 180 yards long.

Locality A4--(Samana Range outcrOp area, Lat.

33°33' N., Long. 70°53' E.) It is exactly 0.5 miles east

 

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of Ayazkhel and 0.2 miles northeast of Khoano Tabbi
(Fig. 2). The Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh formation and
Nawakilli sandstone and the Upper Jurassic Samana Suk
limestone are exposed at this locality. The eXposure is
about 0.25 miles long.

Locality B -—(Samana Range outcrOp area, Lat.

1
33°31'30" N., Long. 70°56' E.) It lies within 0.1 to 0.2
miles west of the road to Fort Lockhart and 0.8 miles
northwest of Banda Patdarband (Fig. 2). The same three
Tertiary formations exposed at localityA1 are also ex-
posed here. The outcrop extends for about 350 yards.
Locality B2--(Samana Range outcrop area, Lat.
33°31'35" N., Long. 70°56'20" E.) This locality is on

the east side of the road to Fort Lockhart, across from

Locality B and is within a few yards of the road (Fig. 2).

1
Both the upper and lower members of the Upper Cretaceous
Darsamand limestone are exposed at this locality. The
exposure is more than 175 yards long.

Locality B3--(Samana Range outcrOp area, Lat.

33°32' N., Long. 70°56'35" E.) It is 0.6 miles north of

the locality 32, on the road side and 0.4 miles south of

Dhar (Fig. 2). The Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh formation

 

 

 

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is well-exposed at this locality. The outcrop is about
350 yards long.

Locality B4--(Samana Range outcrop area, Lat.
33°32' N., Long. 70°56' E.) This locality is exactly 0.5
miles west of the locality B3 and 0.5 miles south of
Nawakilli. From Dhar, this locality is less than a mile
to the southwest (Fig. 2). The Upper Jurassic Samana Suk
limestone crOps out at this locality along a small river
for about half a mile.

Locality C--(Shinawari outcrop area, Lat. 33°32' N.
Long. 70°48'48" E. to 70°49'36" E.) It is located 1.5
miles northeast of Shinawari on the main road side (Fig.
3). The outcrOp.is about a mile long, extending almost
east-west across the road and several small streams cut
across the exposure. Samana Suk limestone of Jurassic
age is exposed here. The younger rocks are missing from
this locality.

Locality D —-(Darsamand outcrop area, Lat.

1
33°26'50" N., Long. 70°37'40" E.) This locality is sit-
uated two miles northwest of Darsamand at the source of

a tributary of the Inzar River (Fig. 4). The Tertiary

fornations of Tarkhobi shale, Lockhart limestone and

 

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posure extends for about 260 yards.

Locality D --(Darsamand outcrOp area, Lat.

2
33°26'30" N., Long. 70°38'30" E.) It is 1.2 miles north-
west of Darsamand on a narrow road side (Fig. 4). Both
the members of the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone
are exposed here and the outcrop is over 300 yards long.
Locality D3—-(Darsamand outcrop area, Lat.
33°26'55" N., Long. 70°38'30" E.) This locality is 0.4
miles north of the locality D2 and 0.6 miles east of the

locality D From Darsamand, this locality is 1.5 miles

1.
to the northwest (Fig. 4). The Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh
formation and Nawakilli sandstone are exposed here and the
outcrOp extends for about 300 yards.

Locality D4--(Darsamand outcrop area, Lat.
33°27' N., Long. 70°38'25" E.) This is situated about
200 yards north of the locality D3 and 1.7 miles north-
west of Darsamand (Fig. 4). The Jurassic rocks of Samana

Suk limestone and Shinawari limestone crop out at this

locality along a small river. Samples were collected

along a NNE-SSW line about 500 yards long.

 

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15

Locality E--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°24' N., Long. 70°34'35“ E.). It is located about 3
miles north-northeast of Thal and about a quarter mile
west of the Sangroba River (Fig. 4). The outcrop that
extends east-west for more than half a mile includes the
Tertiary Lockhart limestone and Hangu sandstone, the
Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone and the top of the
Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh formation.

Locality F--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.
33°23'48" N., Long. 70°34'35" E.). This locality.lies
0.3 miles south of locality E and about half a mile west
of the Sangroba River (Fig. 4). At this locality only
the Tertiary rocks are exposed. A limestone cap is pres-
ent above the Tarkhobi shale at this locality. The Lock-
hart limestone and the tOp of Hangu sandstone are also
exposed here. Samples were collected along a north-south
line about 350 yards long on this exposure.

Locality Gl--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°23'25" N., Long. 70°33'10" E.). It is lbcated two-
miles north of Thal (Fig. 4). The Tertiary Hangu sand-

stone and the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone are

exposed at this locality. Samples were collected from

this locality on a north—south line about 300 yards long.

 

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Locality G2-—(Thal—Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°24' N., Long. 70°33'42” E.). This locality is situated

half a mile northeast of the locality G (Fig. 4) and it

1

has the outcrops of the Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh forma-
tion and Nawakilli sandstone. Samples were collected on
a 0.3 mile—long NW-SE line.

Locality G3--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°23'30" N., Long. 70°33'42" E.). This is located just

0.25 miles directly north of the locality G (Fig. 4).

1

Only the top of the Jurassic Samana Suk limestone is ex-

posed here.

Locality H -—(Thal-Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.

1
33°23'45" N., Long. 70°33' E.). It lies about 175 yards

west of the locality G3 and about 0.4 miles to the north-

west of the locality G (Fig. 4). The Cretaceous forma-

l
tions of Darsamand limestone and Khadimakh formation are
exposed at this locality.

Locality H --(Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.

2
33°24'20" N., Long. 70°31'24" E.). This locality is sit—
uated 0.3 miles to the east of the Dhana River (Fig. 4).

Here the Tertiary formations of Lockhart limestone and

Hangu sandstone are well-exposed.

 

117

In

an.

m,
5.91

‘4;-

 

.a‘
rm

‘4‘

17

Locality I--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°23'15" N., Long. 70°32'36" E.). It is located 1.8
miles north—northwest of Thal (Fig. 4). The Upper Cre-
taceous Chuido sandstone and Kurram formation and the
Lower Cretaceous Dhana shale are eXposed here.

Locality J--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.
33°23'20" N., Long. 70°31“ E.). This locality is just
west of the Dhana River (Fig. 4) and displays the out-
crops of the same rock formations as the locality I.

Locality K1—-(Thal—Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.
33°23'35" N., Long. 70”3li48" E.). The locality lies
halfway between, and little north of, the localities I
and J, and 0.8 miles from each locality (Fig. 4). It
has the outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous Chuido sandstone
and Kurram formation.

Locality K2--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.
33°23'55" N., Long. 70°31‘30" E.). This locality is sit-
uated 0.3 miles northwest of the locality K1 and 0.5
miles east of the Dhana River (Fig. 4). The Lower Cre-

taceous Dhana shale is exposed at this locality.

Locality L——(Darsamand outcrop area, Lat.

33°26'30" N., Long. 70°38'15" E.). It is one of the

 

. a 2..
«(J

.G I 2 .3 2 v C II. .C t 1 «b w... . . m 11 . \
hid «G E . A .. a C» «.4 wfiu 5; AC ‘2 k » KC
A e - .. I .. .w. A: u... .. .3 fin. Va 1 .3 a» v. :
rd II/ n. $1.3 1?» .nu u‘ .14 Pv red Ck \(v o At. Q. .tu
V o In. ”In \‘J AH‘ o . t a a...» he I e ~ s «0' q 4 VI\ s A Ade

ob .
Adv

18

Darsamand outcrOp area localities and lies 1.3 miles west
of Darsamand. The locality is only 175 yards west of the

locality D and 0.5 miles south of the locality D3 (Fig.

2
4). Upper Cretaceous rocks (unnamed) and the Tertiary
Mulla Bata limestone are exposed here.

Locality M--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°22'30" N., Long. 70°33' E.). The locality is situated
about 0.7 miles north of Thal and also 0.7 miles east of
the locality Q (Fig. 4). Only the Tertiary Mulla Bata
limestone crOps out here.

Locality N~-(Thal-Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.
33°21'43" N., Long. 70°34° E.). It is located on Thal
roadside on the east side of the Sangroba River and about
150 yards east of Thal railway station (Fig. 4). The
Tertiary Shakalai shale is exposed at this locality.

Locality O—-(Thal~Khadimakh outcrop area, Lat.
33°23' N., Long. 70'33‘15" E.). The locality lies about
1.5 miles north—northeast of Thal and halfway between the
localities I and P (Fig. 4). The Sangroba sandstone of
Tertiary age is the only rock formation eXposed here.

Locality P--(Thal-Khadimakh outcrOp area, Lat.

33°23' N., Long. 70°34'25" E.). This locality is situated

 

V.

Add

-u

._‘

gnu

u:

19

two miles northeast of Thal on the west bank of the San-
groba River (Fig. 4). The Upper Cretaceous Tandora for—
mation is exposed at this locality.

Locality Q--(Thal—Khadimahk outcrop area, Lat.
33°22’42" N., Long. 70”32’20" E.). It is located one
mile north—northwest of Thal and 0.7 miles west of the
locality M (Fig. 4). Outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous

Tandora formation and a possible Danian bed are present

at this locality.

 

b

B
we
I

s l
t..-

STRATIGRAPHY OF THE STUDY AREA

The stratigraphy of the area consists of great
alternating masses of sandstones, limestones, and shales.
Fossils, however (as is usually the case with the Mesozoic
rocks of these regions), are relatively scarce, and often
too indefinite to be specifically, or even generically,
identifiable where they do exist. Lithologically, also,
the successive masses of limestone or sandstone are apt
to be surprisingly alike, even when very different in age
so that a degreesof caution is necessary in correlating
similar rock masses which are not directly connected with
each other laterally. Certain features do exist, however,
which afford very reliable "datum lines" for the geolog-
ical mapping of the area and some of these features can

be distinguished at considerable distances.

The Geological Sequence

Samana Suk limestone (Jurassic)—-The oldest strata

from which the samples were collected for the present

20

 

«\u

5.

an!
«\H

.:
a:

A.“

21

study are those of the Upper Jurassic Samana Suk lime-
stone (Fig. 5). Samana Suk limestone is a great mass of
dark gray (almost black) limestone, from 500 to 600 feet
thick. This limestone can nearly always be distinguished
from those of higher levels both by its darker color and
by its generally coarse, almost granular, texture. In
the central parts of the Samana Range this limestone is
generally seen forming escarpments in the lower parts

of the valleys cut by denudation into the southern flanks
of the range.

Nawakilli sandstone (Lower Cretaceous)--Above the
Samana Suk limestone is the Nawakilli sandstone, the low-
est member of the Lower Cretaceous rocks. Nawakilli is a
glauconitic sandstone and up to 50 feet thick (Fig. 5).
It often weathers to a browner tint than the underlying
Samana Suk limestone.

Khadimakh formation (Lower Cretaceous)--This for-
mation overlying Nawakilli sandstone is a white quartzitic
sandstone ranging up to more than 700 feet in thickness
(Fig. 5). These sandstones are coarse-grained and become

marked, when weathered, with hematite and limonite bands.

Fragments, when broken off the parent rock, show numerous

 

22

Figure 5

COLUMNAR SECTIONS A, 8, C, D, E, AND F

SECTION F SECTION E SECTION 0 SECTION C SECTION 8 SECTION A
INCORPORAT I '46 INCORPORAT l NG INCORPORAT I NC
OI,Oe,o3,DII BI,Ba,B3,alI AI,A2,A3,A1I

  
   

 
     

 
    
 
    
 

  
   
 
 

 

 
  
       
  
  

   

   

  
        
 
 
    
   
   

   
  
  
   

     

  
 

         
 
  
   

  
  

   
 

   
 

   

     
        

 

    

UPPER CRETACEOUS

)-
/:\
.— I/I‘V‘M) c:
__ 051' 5““c‘ LOCKHART ‘
TIT-{Lt
LIMESTONE -
LOCKHART LIMESTONE
LIMESTONE
.-
33.:- (I:
tumw 5E
- “a“ oumw :umsnmc m
SANDSTONE .33; -
.I.a I h
'.u“‘L TSUAAIL
Tau: TsuuAtL TOUR LIMESTONE t'"“
Lmurou Lmntou u
——-— ————— s
CHALOI CHALOI mm
sILLI canon SILL! LquTou SILL! an?
Lluutou menou 3:,
~0“~“-“
(I)
a
o
In]
F!!! IO'IADIMAKH FORMATION :9
._j.
‘9‘
a:
u
u
t _ -___ \Al
‘ )
1“ WAKILLI _|
“\ SANDSTON
thTICAL SCALE
2
I!)
32
SAMANA SUK LIMESTONE g
__,

 

(Modified from Geological Survey of Pakistan)

 

22

Figure 5

COLUMNAR SECTIONS A, s, C, D, E, AND F

SECTION F SECTION E SECTION 0 SECTION C SECTION 8 SECTION A
INCORPORATING INCORPORATING INCORPORATING
ou,oe,o3,oII BI,82,B3,BII AI,A2,A3,A1I

  
      

 
     
       
    
  

      
  
 
       

  

    

   
  
    
  
 
    
   
   

       
  

  
  

  
 
  
 

 
  
 
  

          
     
  
     
   
  

     
   
 

  

    
 

  
  

 
  

 

  
 

UPPER CRETACEOUS

).
’6
.. 3““0 a
___ 5”“ LOCKHART (
’I’T
.—— "' ’3‘ 5"“L
*““° LIMESTONE —-
LOCKHART LIMESTONE
LOCKHART LIMESTONE #-
a:
wde Rf
' ' 3:“ HANGU SANDSTONE u:
SANDSTONE.§§ -
.I'a o h
\
1.0“.L TSUIAIL
Tsux TsuxAIL Tsuu LIMESTONE "u‘
LquTou LIMESTONE U
I _-.._.. __ __..———-—— a- 95
o T’ i,_
cuALoa canon mm
:ILLI cuALoA SILLI LquTou SILLI or!
Lluutou “unto“: 3:,
“0“”--*
U)
3
c
U
KHADIMAKH FORMATION S’
I an 4.
h .
U
a:
u
IIF
e
t _ -_-_ U
U.“ ‘ 7 A)
1 «- -~ «~- ‘ . \ 0
“j ' «q NAMKuLI a
0 ‘~\ SANDSTONE
VERTICAL sCALE
3
ID
32
SAMANA SUK LIMESTONE %
_,

 

(Modified from Geological Survey of Pakistan)

 

 

Jui
:L

23

red, yellow, or purple bands, parallel to the joint faces
or surface cracks of the boulders. Blocks of this stone
are thus often very ornamental and many vividly banded
specimens are to be seen along the bridle path from Pat—
darband to Fort Lockhart, since this path is, for half
its total length, cut out of the sandstone layers of this
great series, up the strike of which it winds. About the
center, or a little above the center, of the series, the
sandstones for about 200 feet lie in massive flags with
thin clay partings. These flags are apt to break off in
rectangular masses after the manner of limestones, so that
a continuous scarp is formed which, from a distance,
closely resembles the limestone scarps above and below it.
It is, however, part of the sandstone mass. Near the top
of the Khadimakh formation a change becomes apparent and
the white sandstones merge upwards into about 30 feet of
greenish sandstone. Finally the latter in turn becomes
very gritty, the uppermost 5 or 6 feet of it being full

of large rounded grains of quartz, sometimes interspersed
with thin yellow calcareous bands and often crowded with

fossil casts of all sorts which are phosphatic and of a

very dark color. Glauconite is also found here. These

 

'.

U:

a)-

\A

(I)
In

L A)

‘1

u.‘

‘I

' .1
(I)

24

topmost and fossiliferous grits by the dark colors which
they display serve to afford another of the general "datum
lines" so useful in mapping this area. For, thin as the
fossiliferous layer actually is, the detritus from it,
discharged over the light colored sandstones below, forms
characteristic sooty smears which are distinguishable at
great distances, and indicate the continuations of this
series among the associated strata on distant lepes.

Darsamand limestone (Upper Cretaceous)--The next
unit in the ascending series consists of about 200 feet
of light colored flaggy limestones, called Chalor Silli
limestone (Fig. 5). These are very fine-grained and
homogeneous, often lithographic, in texture, and vary in
tint from pale gray to faintly yellow, greenish or almost
white aspect. Abrupt as the change is, from the grits
just below to this fine-grained limestone, there appears
to be no structural unconformity between the two. There
is no apparent change, that is, in the dip of the beds.
At the same time, the existence of a considerable dis-

conformity in age seems to be possible (L. M. Davies,

1930, p. 8).

 

’A

O;-

5*.

.
‘u-

5“

25

Above the Chalor Silli limestone lies another 200
feet of compact or homogeneous, almost lithographic lime-
stone and the two limestones together form the Darsamand
limestone (Fig. 5) which represents the Upper Cretaceous
rocks. The younger of the two, called Tsukail-Tsuk lime-
stone (Fig. 5), has a texture very similar to that of the
Chalor Silli limestone and therefore hand specimens of
the two often appear to be identical. The color, however,
is generally darker and the whole formation is massive,
rather than flaggy, forming much more abrupt scarps on
the hillsides.

Hangu sandstone (Tertiary)——The next higher bed
consists of 150 to 300 feet of white quartzitic sandstone,
indistinguishable from that of the Khadimakh formation.

It is known as Hangu sandstone (Fig. 5). Its texture is
the same, it weathers in the same way, as the Khadimakh
and it is sometimes covered with large rust—colored spots.
Whatever the conditions may have been which produced this
type of sandstones, they appear to have been recurrent

in this region throughout the Cretaceous and into the

basal Tertiary. In its uppermost layers this bed shows

 

~ ‘

F-

”in .

v

V

.Q

.;G.

9
I":
0‘-
..
.13.

I.
“.1"

.z
c.\

26

marked signs of merging conformably into the one above
it. It becomes strongly calcareous toward the top.

Lockhart limestone (Tertiary)--The next younger
bed is the Lockhart limestone which, in the Fort Lock—
hart region, consists of 200 feet of massive gray lime-
stone (Fig. 5). In some places the lower 20 or 30 feet
of this bed is less massive than the rest, being of a
blue-black, shaly type, readily splitting along laminae
when struck, and ocherous on weathered surfaces. Else—
where, however, and also above these softer lower por—
tions, the bed is much more compact, and lighter gray in
color. The upper portions of this bed in places resemble
Tsukail—Tsuk limestone, but can be distinguished from the
latter by their slightly coarser texture. Denudation has
almost everywhere removed the uppermost layers of this
limestone, which are now only to be seen behind Fort Lock-
hart. These uppermost layers there consists of dark gray
crystalline limestone interspersed with bands and lentils
of black impure chert.

Tarkhobi shale (Tertiary)--The youngest rock ex-

posed in the area is the Tarkhobi shale (Fig. 5), which

is on the crest of the Samana Range, close behind Fort

 

27

Lockhart, where a small outlier exists of still younger
beds. Everywhere else, denudation seems to have removed
the latter. These beds consist of about 150 feet of
clays, shales, and impure limestone bands.

Dhana shale (Lower Cretaceous)-—In the Thal-
Khadimakh area at localities I, J, K1’ and K2, the oldest
strata present is the Lower Cretaceous Dhana shale
(Fig. 6). Dhana shale is from 500 to 600 feet thick and
gray in color. At a few places in the formation thin
lighter gray colored clay lenses are present. Toward the
top Dhana shale gets calcaredus and brownish.

Kurram formation (Upper Cretaceous)--Above the
Dhana shale in the Thal-Khadimakh area at the same lo—
calities is the Upper Cretaceous Kurram formation which
is between 300 and 650 feet thick (Fig. 6). The lower
part is greenish brown and highly calcareous shale. Up-
wards the shale becomes less and less calcareous and the
color is lighter.

Chuido sandstone (Upper Cretaceous)——Kurram for-
mation is overlain by the Chuido sandstone in this area
(Fig. 6). The lower part of this sandstone is up to 500

feet thick, yellowish-white in color, fine-grained and

1
.VI
-‘
j

28

Figure 6

COLUMNAR SECTIONS e, H,

SECTION L SECTION K
INCORPORATING

KI,K2

SECTION J

..........

 

 

..o
........

.........

 

 

.......

 

 

éfiwwmnmc

........

 

o
aaaaaa

I
o
. .
O
. o.
‘ I
.
.l
.

 

'flddh

I
5|

AAAAA

I
E
I

n

I.
IIIHIHIHIHI"

IIIMI Th“ Ilfllr’n “In.
It:

 

.......

. l '
m

I

H

F

n

p
I
I

l
I
III:

I
Ittltl
III
II”?

h
)1
w,
2
2
I
III:
In-

SECTION I

I, J, K, AND L

SECTION H
INCDAPOAATING

an

SECTION G
INCORPORATING
GI,GZ,G3

-4

 

 

 

"III
t 1H

)
.dl

PALEO' '
CINE

E

“I“ I“

 

SASS
fAULTEO

VENTICAL SCALE

(Modified from

 

 

LOCKNART

 
  
 
   
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
  
   

LIMESTONE
‘~?

HAIOU

T E R T I A R Y

'3. SAIDSTOI

OAISAN

UPPER
CRETACEOUS

LIMESTONE

SNAOINAKN

 
    

FORMATION

C R E T A C E O U S

L O V E R

 
    

AVAKILLI
SANOSTOI

Geological Survey of Pakistan)

51-)

I—‘ _
(II
rr‘l

F?
, .
I):
(A).

29

calcareous; whereas the upper part is almost white,
quartzitic and coarse-grained sandstone.

Tandora formation (Upper Cretaceous)-—This for-
mation is present at localities P and Q in the Thal—
Khadimakh area and has at the base a fairly dark brown
shale about 100 feet thick (Fig. 7). Above this shale
member is a ZSO-foot-thick bed of calcareous sandstone.
This sandstone is almost white and contains brown—colored
shale lenses. The sandstone is succeeded by a layer of
soft. very light gray shale. This shale is exposed only
at locality Q.

Thal formation (Tertiary)--Thal formation consist-
ing of three members is about 1,000 feet thick (Fig. 7).
The lower member, Sangroba sandstone, is 200 feet thick,
is predominantly calcareous sandstone with shale at the
base and is exposed only at locality 0 (Fig. 7). The
middle member, Mulla Bata limestone, is a dark gray lime-
stone, about 250 feet thick and is exposed only at 10—
cality M (Fig. 7). The upper member, Shakalai shale, is
600 feet thick. most part is calcareous and is exposed

at locality N only. All three members of the Thal forma-

tion have not been reported from any single locality.

 

3O

COLUMNAR SECTIONS M, N, O, P, AND Q

Figure 7

SECTION P SECTION 0 SECTION N SECTION M

SECTION Q

 

 

r1
_

a a
. m

rTlnli-ll‘.
{-1—1 -

 

 

 

 

 

Azo_»<x¢ot 4<zh no
cunxux usoo_xv

A>m<_pmu»v
uzopuux_4 <p<m (4422

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7;
F.
Izm:_;_%:m_xn.__mmiq_n.n..*:_:.: .n I WII
.met 2“; z. .:¢ .1. : .i_:amt;mmw m. m. w o
xzbri;.m3_v.:_u;.zu_fi__fi¢~r.a.
Azo_»<z¢ot 4<xh no cuozuz cumiav
A>m<_hmupv
u4<Im _<4<x<rm
A20.» p“. .
«unzux euros v
A»m<_hmubv
uZOFmoz<m <momoz<m
it; _..
mmmwm ram: _=
. L w _
\ ~_ _

x i _ _

x \ _ _

L “mm... ..

«z<_ aaouu<uu¢o mutiny

 
 

20—h42m0h <mooz<h

VERTICAL SCALE

(Modified from Geological Survey of Pakistan)

 

31

The above descriptions of the geological forma-
tions of the study area were partly based on L. M. Davies
(1930) and partly on personal communications and sample
study. The formations described after L. M. Davies (1930)
are--Samana Suk limestone (Jurassic), Nawakilli sandstone
(Lower Cretaceous), Khadimakh formation (Lower Cretaceous),
Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone (Chalor Silli lime—
stone and Tsukail-Tsuk limestone), Hangu sandstone (Ter-
tiary), Lockhart limestone (Tertiary), and Tarkhobi shale
(Tertiary). The formations, descriptions of which were
based on personal communications and sample study are--
Dhana shale (Lower Cretaceous), Kurram formation (Upper
Cretaceous), Chuido sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Tandora
formation (Upper Cretaceous), and Tertiary Thal formation

(Sangroba sandstone, Mulla Bata limestone and Shakalai

shale).

 

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Phylum ARTHROPODA
Subphylum MANDIBULATA
Class CRUSTACEA
Subclass OSTRACODA Latreille, 1806
Order PODOCOPIDA Mfiller, 1894
Suborder PODOCOPINA Sars, 1866
Superfamily CYTHERACEA Baird, 1850
Family BRACHYCYTHERIDAE Puri, 1954
Subfamily BRACHYCYTHERINAE Puri, 1954
Genus Brachycythere Alexander, 1933
Type species: Cythere sphenoides Reuss, 1854, K. Akad.
Wiss. Wein. Math.-Naturw. Kl., Denkschr. p. 141, pl. 27,
fig. 2a-c.

Range: Cretaceous to Recent

Brachycythere ovata (Berry)

 

Plate 1, fig. 1a-b

Cythegeis ovatus Berry, 1925, Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 5,

vol. 9, pp. 484—485, text-fig. 15.

32

 

A b

m:

Rh.

‘lo.

11d

A,»

EH.

9:

hé

33

Cytheropton sp. A, Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol.
Surv., Bull. no. 2, pp. 7—8, pl. IA, fig. la-c.
Cyghereygygga (Berry)--A1exander, 1929, Univ. Texas
Bull. no. 2907, p. 87, pl. 7, figs. 10, 13.

Brachycythere ovata (Berry)--Jennings, 1936, Bull.

 

Amer. Paleo., vol. 23, no. 18, p. 50, pl. 6, fig.
16a-b.--van den Bold, 1946, Univ. Utrecht Thesis, p.
108, pl. 13, fig. 9a-d.-—Skinner, 1956, Gull Coast
Assoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., vol. 6, p. 190, pl. 2, fig.
3a-c.—-Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the
Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 89, text-fig. p. 89--
Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 210,
pl. 4, fig. la-b.

Dimensions g;_figured specimen: Adult--length 1.15 mm.,
height O.70mm.; instar—-length 0.57 mm., height 0.35
mm.

Occurrence ig_mpterial studied: Chalor Silli lime-

stone--abundant at locality A common at locality D

3' 2'
rare at localities 82, E, and H1; Tsukail-Tsuk lime-

stone-—rare at locality G

1.

 

 

RV

PE

34

Types: Homoeotype, one adult complete carapace, No. A3—l,

and one complete instar, No. A3-2, from locality A - one

3.
adult carapace, No. BZ-l, and one instar, No. 82-2, from
locality 32: one adult carapace, No. D2-l, and one instar,
No. D2—2, from locality D2: one adult carapace, No. E-l,
and one instar, No. E-2, from locality E: one adult cara-

- one instar, No. 61-2,

pace, No. 6141, from locality 61’

also from locality Gl: one adult carapace, No. Hl-l, and
one instar, No. Hl-2, from locality H1.
Remarks: Compared to the specimens of Dr. Swain's refer-
ence collections these specimens are less punctate, the
surface is almost smooth, the keel on ventral swelling
of the right valve is more distinct, and the ventral sur-
face is faintly striated.

In the present collection the instars are more
numerous than the adults. The species is restricted to
Upper Cretaceous and the American specimens are reported

mostly from Taylorian and Navarroan stages whereas most

of the Pakistani specimens come from the lower member of

the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone.

 

35

Brachycythere ovata vecarina Crane

Plate 7, figure 1

Brachycythepg ovata vecarina Crane, 1965, Micropaleon-
tology, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 210, pl. 4, fig. 3a-b.
Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.80 mm., height
0.55 mm.

Occurrence ip_ aterial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality A3, rare at localities 82 and D2.
Types: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-3, from

locality A3: one carapace, No. 82-3, from locality B3;

one carapace, No. D2-3, from locality D2.
Remarks: Some of the present specimens are weathered but
some are well-preserved and show the characteristics of
the subspecies. These have a total absence of any keel
development on either valve and thus differ from Brachy-
cyphere pyppg (Berry). These are smaller specimens in
size than the holotype of the subspecies.

Crane's specimens come from the Taylorian and

Navarroan rocks and the present specimens are all from

Chalor Silli limestone.

 

36

Brachycythere ledaforma (Israelsky)

Plate 1, figure 2a-b

Cytherppteron ledaforma Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol.
Survey, Bull. no. 2, p. 8, pl. IA, figs. 5—7.

Cyphere acutocapdata Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,

Bull. no. 2907, p. 87, pl. 7, figs. 5-6.

Brachycythere ledaforma (Israelsky)-—A1exander, 1933,

Jour. Paleontol., vol. 7, p. 206, pl. 25, fig. 9; pl. 27,
fig. 20.--Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleo., vol. 23,

no. 18, p. 49, pl. 6, fig. 15.—-Calahan, 1939, Shreveport
Geol. Soc., Guide-book, 14th Ann. Field Trip, p. 41, pl. 3,
fig. 2.--Skinner, 1956, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc.,
Trans., vol. 6, pp. 187—190, pl. 2, fig. 2a-d.-—Butler

and Jones, 1957, Louisiana Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 32,

pp. 26-27, pl. 3, fig. 3.--Brown, 1957, North Carolina
Dept. of Cons. and Devel., Bull. no. 70, p. 12, pl. 4,

fig. 6.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the
Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 87-88, text-figs. p. 88.
--Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 208-
209, pl. 3, fig. 9a-b.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: length 0.67 mm., height

0.27 mm.

 

 

 

37

Occurrence ip_ aterial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

r

rare at localities A3 and D2.
Types: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-4, from

locality A3: one carapace, No. D2-4, from locality D2.
Remarks: The posterior end of these specimens is less
pointed than the specimens of Dr. Swain's reference col-
lections: also these are slightly smaller in size than
all the reported specimens.

The species is restricted to Upper Cretaceous and
has been reported so far from the Taylorian and Navarroan

stages in America. The Pakistani specimens were collected

from Chalor Silli limestone.

Brachycythere ledaforma erugata Crane

Plate 7, figure 2

Brachycyphere ledaforma erugata Crane, 1965, Micropaleon-
tology, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 209, pl. 3, fig. lla-b.
Dimensions p§,figured specimen: length 0.86 mm., height
0.50 mm.

Occurgence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
common at localities A and E; Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--

3

rare at locality G

1°

 

38

Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-5, from locality
A3, one carapace, No. E—3, from locality E, one carapace,
No. 61-3, from locality 61'
Remarks: The present specimens closely resemble the sub-
species in external features. In size these are somewhat
larger than the holotype.
Crane's specimens come from Austin and Taylor

groups: the Pakistani specimens come from both the upper

and lower members of the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand lime-

stone.

Brachycythere ledaforma porosa Crane

Plate 7, figure 3a-b I

Brachycyphere ledaforma porosa Crane, 1965, Micropaleon—
tology, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 209, pl. 3, fig. 12a-b.
Dimensions 9; figured specimen: Length 0.72 mm., height
0.44 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
abundant at locality A3.
Typgg: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-6, from

locality A

3.

 

39

Remarks: The present specimens resemble the holotype in
having pitted and sculptured lateral surface and striated
ventral surface.

Crane's specimens come from all the three groups
of the Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Gulf Coast area; the
present specimens come only from Chalor Silli limestone
and have been collected only from locality A3.
Brachycythere ledafopmg leioventra n. subsp.

Plate 7, figure 4a—c

Etymolpgy: leioventra (L), smooth venter, referring to
the smooth ventral surface, lacking any striations.
Qigtingpighing characteristics: This subspecies is char-
acterized by having punctate lateral surface, smooth ven-
tral surface and sharp, ventrally pointed posterior.
Description: Carapace medium size, subtriangular, venter
strongly swollen; anterior margin rounded, denticulate;
dorsal margin straight on right valve, slightly arched;
ventral margin more or less straight, posterior sharply
angulated at junction with ventral margin; left valve
larger, with greatest overlap ventrally and dorsally:

hingement of right valve with anterior tooth, socket,

groove, and posterior crenulate; hingement of left valve

 

40

complements that of right valve, and possesses a prominent
accommodation groove above the hinge elements. Lateral
surface of the valves distinctly punctate and ventral sur-
face smooth without any striations. The males are elon—
gated and narrower posteriorly.

Comparison: The subspecies Brachycythere ledaform§_l§ipf
ventra differs from Brachycythere ledaforma Israelsky in
having the distinctly punctate and somewhat sculptured
lateral surface and smooth ventral surface; from the sub—
species Brachycythere ledaforma erugata Crane it differs
in having a punctate lateral surface and by lacking the
striations on ventral surface; from Brachycythere leda-
.§p£m§ porosa Crane it differs by having the unstriated,
smooth ventral surface.

Dimensions p§_holotype: Length 0.85 mm., height 0.62 mm.,
width 0.49 mm.

Occpprence‘ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
abudant at locality A3: Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--rare at
locality Gl'
gypg locality: Locality A3, Samana Range, Kohat District,

Northwest Frontier Province, West Pakistan.

Type level: Upper Cretaceous.

 

41

Types: Holotype, a complete male carapace, No. A3-9, from
locality A3; allotype, a complete female carapace, No. A3-8;
paratypes, a complete female carapace, No. A3—7, from 10-

cality A a female carapace, No. Gl-4, a male carapace,

3.
No. Gl-S, from locality G1.
Remarks: Some of the specimens of the subspecies Brachy-
gyphere ledaforma leioventra are weathered to some extent
but most of them are well—preserved. Dimorphism in the

genus gpachycythepp is not pronounced in most species: but
in this subspecies the dimorphism is clearly seen. The

females are thicker, higher, and have less sharp posterior

end whereas the males are elongated, narrower, and have

sharply pointed posterior end.

Brachycyphere pmevivalvula n. sp.

Plate 7, figure 5a-c

Etymolggy: brevivalvula (L),'short valve, referring to
the short length of the valves.

Distinguishing characteristicg: Brachypythere brevival-
.yplg is characterized by its small size, smooth lateral
surface and striated ventral surface.

Description: Carapace small to medium, ovate in lateral

view and subtriangular in cross section; greatest height

42

anterior to middle: dorsal margin arched and slightly an-
gulated at the greatest height: anterior margin broadly
rounded; ventral margin gently convex: posterior margin
narrowly rounded and oblique through the dorsal half: an-
terior and posterior ends compressed, anterior end more
compressed than posterior end: valves convex and convexity
of valves increases from ends toward center: ventral swell-
ing of valves projects below the contact of valves on ven-
tral margin. Left valve larger than right valve and over-
laps the latter on all sides except ventral margin: max—
imum overlap on the dorsal margin. Lateral surface smooth,
without punctae: ventral surface striated with two to
three striae on each valve: no denticulation on the an-
terior or posterior end. Hingement typical of the genus.
Comparison: Brachycythere brevivalvula differs from
Brachycyphgre pygpg (Berry) in being much smaller in size,
in lacking the keel on ventral swelling, in having striae
on ventral surfaces of the valves. Brachycyphere pppyi-
valvpla differs from the Miocene species Brachycythere
physigastera van den Bold in general shape and in having

the lateral surface impunctate and in having the ventral

surface striated.

 

43

Dimensions pf holotype: Length 0.63 mm., height 0.38 mm.,
width 0.38 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
common at localities A3 and D2; Tandora formation--rare at
locality Q.

gypp_logality: Locality A3, Samana Range, Kohat District,
Northwest Frontier Province, West Pakistan.

gypg level: Upper Cretaceous.

Typgg: Holotype, a complete carapace, No. A3-10, from

locality A : paratypes—-a carapace, No. A3—ll, from 10—

3

cality A , a carapace, No. D2-5, from locality D2, a cara-

3
pace No. Q—l, from locality Q.

Brachycyphere elongata n. sp.

Plate 7, figure 6a-b
Etymolpgy: elongata (L), elongated, referring to the

elongate shape of the carapace.

Distinguishing chapactepistics: Brachycythere elongata is

 

characterized by its elongate carapace, smooth and shiny
lateral and ventral surfaces and by having the denticulate
anterior and posterior ends.

Description: Shell rather large and thick—walled;

elongate—subovate in lateral view: greatest height about

 

44

two-fifths from anterior end along the eye spot. Dorsal
margin gently arched, obscurely angled at each end of
straight hinge line, ventral margin almost straight, an—
terior margin broadly rounded and denticulated with five
denticles: posterior margin narrowly rounded bearing three
denticles and extended ventrally; left valve larger and
overlaps the right valve on all sides, greatest overlap-
ping on dorsal and ventral borders: valves strongly con-
vex: greatest thickness in ventral one quarter in the
posterior half of carapace. Ventral swelling of the
valves posterior to middle: faint keel on ventral swell-
ings slightly overhang ventral border. Both ends com-
pressed, anterior being more compressed than posterior.
Lateral and ventral surfaces smooth and shiny. Hingement
typical of the genus. Internal features not observed.
mm: W elm resembles W
£22£§.lfl£EflQi22li£2£fll§. Van Veen, 1935, in general shape
but differs from it by being shorter and by having the
height and width same dimension. Also, figpgpxgxfihggg.ifl-
fundibuliformis has the greatest overlap on the ventral

W

margin whereas Brachycythere elongata shows similarly

Prominant overlap on both dorsal and ventral margins.

EEEEEXEXEQEEQ infundibuliformis does not have any

 

4S

denticulation on the anterior and posterior ends, but
gpachycythere elongata has 5 denticles on the anterior
end and 3 on the posterior end.

gpaghycythere elongata resembles Brachycythere
darensis Swain, 1952, to some extent in shape, but
Brachycythgpg elongata is more pointed posteriorly. Also,
Brachycyphere darensis does not have the angulation on
dorsal margin as Brachycythere elongata does.
Dimensions p§_holotype: Length 0.88 mm., height 0.60 mm.,
width 0.60 mm., L:H ratio 1.33.
Occurpence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone—-

3, common at localities E and 61'

abundant at locality A
Type locality: locality A3, Samana range, Kohat District,
Northwest Frontier Province, West Pakistan.

Type level: Upper Cretaceous.

 

Types: Holotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-12, from

locality A3; paratypes, one carapace, No. A3-l3, from

locality A one carapace, No. E-4, from locality E, one

3'
carapace, No. Gl-6, from locality G1.
Remarks: According to Howe and Laurencich (1958) Brachy—
cyphere darensis Swain, 1952 and grachycythere infundi-

buliformis Van Veen, 1935 are synonymous. Brachycythere

elongata differs from both of these species.

 

 

 

~§~

46

Brachycythere pakigtanensis n. sp.

 

Plate 7, figure 7a-b

Etymology: named after the country of Pakistan where the
species was found.

Distinguishing characteristics: Brachycythere pakista-
nensis is characterized by having a reticulated lateral
surface, striated ventral surface, a blunt posteriorly
and outwardly projected spine on the ala of each valve,
and a faint sulcus at the middle point on each valve.
Description: In side view the carapace elongate-ovate,
highest at the middle, dorsal margin arched, straight
along the hinge line, cardinal angles evident, ventral
margin slightly sinuate. Anterior end broadly rounded
and compressed, slightly produced ventrally, dorsal half
oblique, finely denticulate with five or six denticles;
posterior end compressed like anterior end, narrowly
rounded but not pointed: posterior end of some specimens
denticulate with three teeth. Lateral surface finely
reticulate; reticulation seems to be concentric. A
crescent-shaped sulcus (or depression) present at the

middle of each valve, depression convex anteriorly. Ven-

tral swelling of each valve bears a blunt, short spine

 

47

projecting outward and slightly posteriorly. Ventral
surface of the valves flat and striated. Eye tubercles
prominent on both valves. Left valve larger and insig-
nificantly overlaps the right valve on dorsal border.
Greatest thickness ventrad along the spines. Hingement
typical of the genus. Dimorphism not observed.
Comparison: The general shape of Brachycythere pakista-
nensis somewhat resembles the Tertiary species Brachy-
pythere plena Alexander, 1934 and Brachycythere nanafa-
lggpg Howe and Pyeatt (MS thesis) in Howe and Garrett,
1934, but Brachycythere pakistanensis differs from both
by having the medial sulcus, spine on ventral swelling
and in the type of overlap.

Dimgpgions p; holotype: Length 0.63 mm., height 0.38 mm.,
width 0.39 mm. (including spines).

Occurgence ;p_materia1 ptudied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality A rare at locality D

3' 2'
Typg locality: Locality A3, Samana range, Kohat District,
Northwest Frontier Province, West Pakistan.

Type level: Upper Cretaceous.

Typgg: Holotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-l4, from
locality A3: paratypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-15,

from locality A one carapace, No. D2—6, from locality D

3!

2.

 

48

Brachycythere pp. aff. p, pseudovata Jennings

Plate 1, figure 3a-b

Brachygythere pgeudovata Jennings., 1936, Bull. Amer.
Paleo., vol. 23, no. 78, p. 50, pl. 6, fig. 7a-b.--Howe
and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the study of Cre-
taceous Ostracoda, p. 90, text-fig., p. 90.

Dimensions pj_fiqured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.38 mm.

Occggrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

Common at locality A rare at locality D

3' 2'
Types: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-16, from

locality A one carapace, No. D2—7, from locality D

3' 2'
Remarks: The present Specimens are somewhat weathered,
but most of them show the external features that are
characteristics of Brachycythere pesudovata Jennings 1936.
These specimens are smaller than the holotype. Howe and
Laurencich (1958) remarked about Jennings' species that,

"length uncertain, in text = 1.10 mm., recalculated from

plate = 0.88 mm." The length of the present specimens

varies from 0.60 mm. to 0.75 mm.

 

 

 

49

Brachycythere driveri angulata n. subsp.

Plate 7, figure 8a-b

Etymology: angulata (L.), angled, referring to angulated
dorsal margin.

gigginguishing characteristics: The subspecies Brachy-
gythere driveri anqulata is characterized by possessing
an angulated dorsal margin sharply pointed and straight
posterior end, and by lacking denticles on anterior and
posterior ends.

Description: Carapace heavy, thick-walled widest near

 

middle just below median line, parabolic in side view,
triangular in end view with flat base and moderately con-
vexed sides: dorsal margin strongly arched with angula-
tions on both ends of the straight hinge line: left valve
larger; ventral surface broad, ventrolateral ridges well—
developed; anterior end obliquely rounded: posterior end
projecting, sharply angulate; surface ornamented with
deep pseudo—hexagonal pits of various sizes, arranged in

horizontal lines; low cardinal tubercle present below

dorsal edge.

 

50

Compgrison: Brachycythere driveri angulata differs from
Brachycyphere driveri LeRoy, 1943, in having angulations
on the dorsal margin on both ends of the straight hinge
line: by having the projecting sharply pointed posterior
end and in lacking any dentation on anterior and posterior
ends.

Dimensions pf holotype: Length 0.81 mm.. height 0.52 mm.,
width 0.49 mm.

Occurpepce ip_material ptudied: Limestone lens-of the
upper part of Hangu sandstone--rare at localities B1 and
F; Mulla Bata limestone--rare at localities L and M;
Shakalai shale--rare at locality N.

Typg locality: Locality B1, Samana range, Kohat District,
Northwest Frontier Province, West Pakistan.

Typg level: Tertiary (Hangu sandstone).

Typgp: Holotype, a complete carapace, No. 81-1, from
locality Bl: paratypes, one carapace, No. Bl—2, from

locality B one carapace, No. F-l, from locality F, one

ll

carapace, No. L-l, from locality L, one carapace, No. M—l,

from locality M, one carapace, No. N—l, from locality N.

 

51

gpachygythere sp.

Plate 7, figure 9a—b

Description: Shell rather large; in lateral view carapace
subtriangular to subovate—acuminate; greatest height an-
terior to middle; dorsal margin strongly arched, posterior
slope long and truncated: ventral margin almost straight;
anterior margin broadly rounded, lower half denticulate,
posterior end somewhat acuminate and extended medially.
Left valve larger than and strongly overlapping right
whole length of hinge line, less strongly along ventral
margin; median surface of valves strongly convex, right
valve bears three longitudinal ridges, ventral ridge
longest running parallel to ventral margin in middle
three-fourths of valve, dorsal ridge shorter than ventral
one and stops before eye tubercle, median ridge shortest;
ridges separated by shallow sulci. Left valve smooth.
Thickest posterior to middle. Internal features not ob-
served.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 1.00 mm., height
0.63 mm., width 0.56 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Base of Chalor Silli

limestone-~rare at locality A

3.

 

52

Specimens: Two carapaces, Nos. A3-l7 and A3-18 from 10-
cality A3. ’
Remarks: Only two well-preserved specimens were available
for study. External features of these specimens are same

as those of a Brachycythere. Therefore, the specimens

are classified as such.

Genus Alatacythere Murray and Hussey, 1942

 

'Typp species: Cythereis (Pterigocythereis?) alexanderi
Howe and Law, 1936, Louisiana Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 7,
p. 42, pl. 4, fig. 23; pl. 5, fig. 5 (not Morrow, 1934).
Alatacythere ivani Howe, 1951, p. 538, ppp, ppy,

Range: Cretaceous to Oligocene.

Alatacythere sp.

Plate 8, figure la-b

Description: Shell large: more or less elongate-ovate
in side view; dorsal margin almost straight, ventral
margin gently convex downward; anterior end broadly and
evenly rounded, posterior end narrowly rounded. A sharp

and marginal rim runs along the naterior margin from

antero—ventral corner upward and extends beyond the

 

 

 

53

anterior end of dorsal margin forming an ear; a prominent
outwardly and posteriorly projecting wing-like process
present on each valve at the ventral border in posterior
one—third; a ridge extends parallel to ventral margin
anteriorly from the base of the wings to the anterior
rim; anterior end denticulate with five to ten denticles.
Surface smooth.

Dimensions pf_fiqured spec1men: Length 1.00 mm., height

 

0.63 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Kurram formation--rare
at locality J.

Specimen: One complete carapace, No. J-l, from locality J.
Remarks: Only one specimen was available for investiga-
tion. The specimen is more closely identical to Alata-
gythere allinensis Grekoff and Deroo, 1956 than any other
species of the genus. It differs from Alatacythere alli-
nensis in having the denticulation on the anterior end.
Alatacythere allinensis is reported from Middle Cretaceous
(Cenomanian-Turonian) rocks of Spain. The Pakistani spe-

cimens came from the Upper Cretaceous Kurram formation.

54

Family CYTHERIDEIDAE Sars, 1925
Subfamily CUNEOCYTHERINAE Mandelstam, 1960
Genus Cuneocythere Lienenklaus, 1894

Typg Species: Cuneocythere truncata Lienenklaus, 1894,
Z. Deut. Geol. Ges., vol. 46, no. 1, p. 260, pl. 18,
fig. 6a—e (=Bairdia marginata Bosquet, 1852, Mém. Cour.
Mém. Sav. Entrang., vol. 24, p. 28, pl. 1, fig. 12.
ggpgg: Eocene to Miocene.

Subgenus Monsmirabilia Apostolescu, 1955
Type species: Monsmirabilia subovata Apostolescu, 1955b,
Cahier Géol. vol. 33, p. 327 (nom. nov. for Bairdia pg;-
forata Bosquet, 1850, non Cytherina perforata Roemer,
1838).

Range: Eocene.

Cuneocythepp_(Mongmirabilia) subovata Apostolescu

Plate 1, figure 4a-c

Bairdia perforata Bosquet (pars) (non Roemer), 1852, Mém.
Cour. Mém. Sav. Engrang., vol. 24, p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 8.
Monsmirabilia perforata (Bosquet)--Apostolescu, 1955a,

Cahiers Geol., nos. 28-29, p. 256, pl. 1, fig. 8.

55

Monsmirabilia subovata Apostolescu nom. nov., 1955b,
Cahiers Geol. vol. 33, p. 327.

Dimensions p£_figured ppecimen: Length 0.60 mm., height

 

 

0.35 mm.
Occurrence ip material studied: Tarkhobi shale—-rare at

locality A limestone lens of Hangu sandstone--common

1:
at locality B1.
Types: Hypotypes, one complete female carapace, No. Al-l,

from locality A one male carapace, No. Bl-3, from 10-

ll
cality Bl'
Remarks: The present specimens are smaller in size than
the holotype. The species has so far been reported from

European Eocene. The Pakistani specimens come from Hangu

sandstone.

‘Cuneocythere (Monsmirabilia) triebeli Keij

Plate 1, figure 5a-b

Cuneocythere (Monsmirabilia) triebeli Keij, 1957, Ins.
Roy. Soc. Nat. Belgique, Mém. no. 136, p. 79, pl. IX,
figs. 1-4.

Dimensipns g: figured specimen: Length 0.55 mm., height

0.36 mm., width 0.25 mm.

 

56

Occurrence ;p_m@terial studied: Tarkhobi shale--rare at
locality A1.
Typpg: Hypotype, one complete female carapace, No. Al—2a
and one male shell, No. A1-2b, from locality A1°
Remarks: Only two well-preserved specimens were available
for study. The external characteristics prescribed for
the species by Keij, 1957, are clearly observed in these
specimens. The holotype is reported from Eocene beds of

Europe (Belgium and Great Britain). The present specimens

were collected from Tarkhobi shale.

Subfamily KRITHINAE Mandelstam in Bubikan, 1958
Genus Krithe Brady, Crosskey, and Robertson, 1874
Typg species: Cythere (Cytherideis) bartonensis Jones,
1857, Palaentogr. Soc. London, Monogr., vol. 9 (1856),
p. 50, pl. 5, figs. 2-3.

Range: Upper Cretaceous to Recent.

Krithe pp, aff. 5. cushmani Alexander
Plate 1, figure 6a-b

Krithe cushmani Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas Bull. no.

2907, p. 67, pl. IV, figs. 9, 11.—-A1exander, 1939,

 

57

Shreveport Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 14th Ann. Field Trip,

p. 66.-—Bonnema, 1940, Natuurhist. Maandblad, vol. 27,

p. 118, pl. 2, figs. 48-54.--A1britton and others, 1941,

Field and Lab., Dallas, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 40, 59.-—van
den Bold, 1946, Univ. Utrecht Thesis, p. 77, p1. IV,

fig. 18.--Butler and Jones, 1957, Louisiana Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 32, p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 2.

Dimensions pj_figured specimen: Length 0.81 mm., height
0.44 mm.

Occurrence ip_p§terial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at 10-

common at locality A rare at locality D

3' 2'

cality E.
Types: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-l9,

from locality A one carapace, No. D2-8, from locality

3'

D one carapace, No. E-5, from locality E.

2.
Remarks: The general shape and surface features of the
present specimens resemble Krithe cushmani Alexander,

1929 more than any other species of the genus. The pos—
terior incision of these specimens is not very distinct

and the posterior end is thinner than the holotype. That

is why the classification is tentative. The specimens

were compared with Dr. Swain‘s reference collections.

 

 

 

58

Subfamily SCHULERIDEINAE Kollmann, 1960

Genus Schuleridea Swartz and Swain, 1946

 

Typg species: Schuleridea acuminata Swartz and Swain,
1946, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 20, no. 4, p. 366, pl. 52,
figs. l-lO, text-fig. la—c.

Rppgp; Middle Jurassic to Miocene.

Remarks: Most European species now included in the genus
were formerly considered to belong to Haplocytheridea; in
1954 Triebel referred some of his Mesozoic forms to Sphp-
1eridea and Oertli in 1956 for the first time assigned
some Tertiary species to this genus. One of those,
Cytherina perforata Roemer, 1838, was chosen previously
as the type species of his new genus Aeguacytheridea by
Mandelstam (1947). Recent authors, like Maltz (1958) and
Kollmann (1960), consider Aequacytheridea as a subgenus
of Schuleridea, to include the tertiary species which
differ from the Mesozoic Schuleridea representatives by

having considerably more marginal pore canals.

Schuleridea (Aeguacytheridea) perforata (Roemer)
Plate 1, figure 7
Cytherina perforata Roemer, 1838, Neues Jahrb. f. Min.,

etc., p. 516, pl. 6, fig. 11. Cythere hilseana Jones,

 

59

1849, Monogr. Entom. Creta. Eng., Palaentogr. Soc. London,
p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 1a-g.

Bairdia perforata Bosquet, 1852, Mém. Cour. Acad. Roy.
Sci. Belg., vol. 24, p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 8a—d.

Cytheridea incrassata Bosquet, 1852, Mém. Cour. Acad. Roy.
Sci. Belg., vol. 24, p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 11.

Cytheridea ionesiana Bosquet, 1854, Mém. Comm. carte.
Geol. Neerland., vol. 2, p. 64, pl. 8, fig. 5a-d.
Cytheridea pppforata Jones, 1857, Monogr. Tert. Entom.
Eng., Palaentogr. Soc. London, p. 44, pl. 4, fig. l4a-e.--
Jones and Hinde, 1889, Suppl. Monogr. Creta. Entom. Eng.
Ire1., Palaentogr. Soc. London, p. 29, pl. 1, figs. l-4.--
Lienenklaus, 1894, Zeitschr. Deut. Geol. Ges., vol. 46,

p. 255, pl. 15, fig. 5.—-Kuiper, 1918, Univ. Groningen
Dissert., p. 33, pl. 1, fig. ll.—-A1exander, 1929, Univ.
of Texas Bull. no. 2907, pp. 72—73, pl. V, figs. 1-2.
Haplocytheridea perforata Apostolescu, 1955, Cahiers Geol.
A. Chavan, no. 28, p. 248, pl. 2, figs. 21-24.--Keij,
1957, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mém., no. 136, p. 63,
pl. IV. fig. 20.

Schuleridea (Aquacytheridea) perforata (Roemer)--van
Morkhoven, 1963, Post Paleozoic Ostracoda, vol. II, p.

310, fig. 489.

 

 

60

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 1.25 mm., height
0.88 mm.

Occurrence ip_ppterial studied: Tarkhobi shale--rare at
locality A1; limestone lens in Hangu sandstone——rare at

locality Bl'
Typpp: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A1—2, from

locality A1: one carapace, No. Bl-4, from locality B1.
Remarks: The specimens available were not very well—

preserved: only three specimens were good enough to work
on. All the identifiable characteristic features of the

shells most closely resemble those of Schuleridea per-

forata (Roemer), 1838.

Subfamily CYTHERIDEINAE Sars, 1925
Genus Cytheridea Bosquet, 1852
Typpupppgipg: Cythere mfilleri Mfinppp, 1830, Jahrb. Min.
Geogn., Geol. Petref-Kunde, vol. 1, part 1, p. 62 (Desig-
nated by Brady and Norman, 1889). Neotype chosen by

Goerlich (1952).

Range: Eocene to Recent

 

A:

DA

«4

Add
. o

 

q
e‘.

‘V\

'v
‘s

 

 

61

Cythepidpg_falcoburqensis van Veen

Plate 1, figure 8

Cythepidea falcoburgensis van Veen, 1936, Natuurhist.

Maandbl., vol. 25, p. 43, pl. 9, figs. 47—51.-—van Veen,

1938, Natuurhist. Maandbl., vol. 27, no. 1, p. 11.—-Howe

and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cre-

taceous Ostracoda, pp. 276—277, text-fig. p. 277.

Dimensions pf_figured ppecimen: Length 0.50 mm., height

0.31 mm.

Occuppence ip_pgteria1 studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

rare at locality A3.

Typgp: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-20, from

locality A3.
Genus Ovocytheridea Grekoff, 1951

Type pppcies: Ovocypheridea nuda Grekoff, 1951, Inst.

Francais du Pétrol, Rev., vol. 6, p. 56, pl. 1, figs. 1-7.

Range: Upper Cretaceous.

Ovocytheridea nuda Grekoff

Plate 1, figure 9a-b: Plate 2, figure la—b
Ovocythepidea nuda Grekoff, 1951, Inst. Francais du Pétrol

Revue, vol. 6, pp. 53-59, pl. 1, figs. 1-7.

 

62

Dimensionp‘gf figured ppecimen: Male--1ength 0.88 mm.,
height 0.47 mm., width 0.43 mm.; Female--length 0.70 mm.,
height 0.46 mm., width 0.36 mm.

Occurrence ipoaterial studied: Chalor Silli limestone—-

 

3, common at localities D2 and E.

abundant at locality A
Types: Hypotypes, one complete male carapace, No. A3—21,

and one female carapace; No. A3—22, from locality A one

3:
male carapace, No. D2—9, and one female carapace, No.

D2-10, from locality D one male carapace, No. E—6, and

2:
one female carapace, No. E-7, from locality E.
Remarks: The Specific features of the present specimens
conform with those of the holotype except for the anterior
end which in these Specimens is thinner.

Holotype and some of the paratypes come from the
Upper Cretaceous, Senonian, Campanian, and Santonian

rocks. The Pakistani specimens were collected from the

lower member of the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone.

Family CYTERETTIDAE Triebel, 1952
Subfamily CYTHERETTINAE Triebel, 1952
Genus Cytheretta Mfiller, 1894

Cytheretta Mfiller, 1894, p. 382.

63

thgpettg,Mfiller, 1912, p. 366.

I?

theret a Mfiller--Edwards, 1944, p. 524.

Afl—i

I?

gytheretta Mfiller--van den Bold, 1946, p. 27.

Qytheretta Mfiller--Puri, 1952a, p. 202.

Cythggetta Mfiller-—Triebe1, 1952, pp. 16—18.
‘gpeudocytheretta Cushman, 1906, p. 382.

Cylindrus Neviani, 1928, pp. 106-107.

Prionocytheretta Méhes, 1941, p. 60.

Typp Species: Cytheretta rubra Mfiller, 1894, Zool. Sta-
tion Naple, Mon. 21, p. 382, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10, 13, 16:
pl. 39, figs. 8-22, 24.

Range: Eocene to Recent.

Cythppetta sp. aff. p, sahnii Puri

Plate 8, figure 3

Cytherettg_sahnii Puri, 1952, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 26,
pp. 206-207, pl. 39, figs. 7-8, text-figs. l—2.——Puri,
1953, Florida Geol. Surv., Bull. no. 36, pp. 284-285,
pl. 8, figs. 7-8.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height

0.28 mm.

 

6.4

Occurrence i aterial studied: Tarkhobi shale--rare at

“E.

locality Al'
Typgp: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. A1-3, from
locality A1.
Remarks: Only one good specimen was available to study.
This specimen exhibits some of the characteristic features
that are prescribed for Qytheretta sahnii Puri. Since
only one Specimen was available and it does not possess

all the required features of Cytheretta sahnii Puri, the

classification is tentative.

Family SCHIZOCYTHERIDAE Howe, 1961

Genus §ghizocythere Triebel, 1950
Typg Species: Schizogythere hollandica Triebel, 1950,
Senckenbergiana, vol. 31, p. 322, pl. 2, figs. 12-17;
pl. 3, figs. 18-19.

Range: Eocene to Pliocene.

Sphizocythere hollandica Triebel
Plate 8, figure 4

Cyphere acuticosta Eggar-—Brady, 1879, 2001. Soc. London,

Trans., vol. 10, pt. 9, p. 391, pl. 66, fig. 5a-d.

 

 

65

Not-~Cyphere acuticosta Eggar, 1858.

Qythepgis truncata (Reuss)—-Kuiper, 1918, Groningen,
Netherlands, Hottsema Bros., p. 72, pl. 3, fig. 3la-b.
Not-egypridina truncata Reuss, 1849.

Schizocythere hollandica Triebel, 1950, Senckenbergiana,
Frankfurt on Main, vol. 31, no. 5/6, p. 322, pl. 2, figs.
12-17: pl. 3, figs. 18—19.

Dimensions pf_fiqured‘ppecimen: Length 0.50 mm., height
0.37 mm.

Occuprence ip_material studied: Base of Tarkhobi shale-—
rare at localities Al and D1: limestone lens in Hangu
sandstone—-rare at locality Bl; Shakalai shale--rare at
locality N.

Typpp: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace No. A1-4, from

locality A one complete carapace, No. Bl—S, from 10-

ll
cality B1; a left valve, No. Dl—l, from locality D

complete carapace, No. Nl-2, from locality N.

1, one
Remarks: The present specimens were compared with Dr.
Swain's reference collections and it was found that these
Specimens are smaller in size. The species has so far

been reported from Eocene and Miocene beds.

66

Schizocythere appendiculata Triebel

Plate 8, figure 5

Qythggp tessellata Bosquet (Pars), 1852, Acad. Roy. Sci.
Belg., Mém. Sav., vol. 24, p. 84, pl. 4, fig. 6.
Schizocythere gppendiculata Triebel, 1950, Senckenberg-
iana, Frankfurt on Main, vol. 31, p. 324, pl. 3, figs.
23-27.--Apostolescu, 1955a, Cahiers Géol. A. Chavan Nos.
28-29, p. 257, pl. 4, figs. 58-59.--Keij, 1957, Inst.
Roy. Sci. Nat. Belg. Mém. no. 136, p. 154, p1. XX, fig.
19.

Dimensions pf figured Specimen: Length 0.50 mm., height
0.25 mm.

Occuppgnce ;p_material stggied: Base of Tarkhobi Shale—-
rare at localities A1 and D1: Base of Lockhart limestone—-
rare at locality A1: Limestone lens in Hangu sandstone—-

rare at locality B : Lower part of Shakalai shale—-rare

l
at locality N. Few weathered specimens were collected
from the outcrop of Lower Cretaceous Dhana Shale at 10-
cality I. These must be some of the washed-away specimens.
Typpp: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. Al-5, from

Tarkhobi shale at Locality A one carapace, No. Al-6,

ll

 

 

67

from Lockhart limestone at locality A ° one carapace,

ll

No. Bl-6, from locality B - one carapace, No. D1-2, from

1!
locality D1: one carapace, No. N-3, from locality N.
Remarks: The holotype was described from Eocene rocks

of France. Other specimens of the species are reported

from Miocene and Eocene beds.

Family LEGUMINOCYTHEREIDIDAE Howe, 1936
Genus Triqinglymus Blake, 1950
Typg species: Triginglymus hyperochus Blake, 1950, Jour.
Paleontol., vol. 24, pp. 174-184, pls. 29—30.

Range: Paleocene-Eocene.

Tgiginglypus cribratus Apostolescu

Plate 8, figure 2

Triginglymus cribratus Apostolescu, 1950, Inst. Franc.
Petrole, Rev., Paris, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 1343, pl. 3,
figs. 47-48.

Dimeppions pj_figured specigen: Length 0.94 mm., height
0.56 mm.

Occurrence i aterial studied: Lower part of Tarkhobi

shale-—rare at locality Al: Limestone lens in Hangu

 

53.

Mr"
nib p

0;“
.9,

.. E .1- I. NI AIL. I r
v. Vs ..\ e.- .~« .u. A.» A31 ‘4‘
A» Ti .PL CC C s s e II a \in

68

sandstone--rare at locality Bl; Upper part of Shakalai
shale--rare at locality N.

Types: Hypotypes, a complete carapace, No. Al-7, from

° an adult carapace, No. B1-7, from locality

locality A1.

B an instar, No. N-4, from locality N.

1'
Remarks: There were only three good specimens available
for study. The Specific characteristics of Triginglymus

cribratus are present on these specimens and thus they

are undoubtedly conspecific.

Family TRACHYLEBERIDIDAE Sylvaster—Bradley, 1948

Subfamily TRACHYLEBERIDINAE Sylvaster—
Bradley and Harding, 1954

Genus Cythereis Jones, 1849
Typg Species: Cytherina cilliata Reuss, 1846, Schweizer-
bart, pt. 2, p. 104, pl. 24, fig. 17.—-Cytherina ornatis-
pipg Reuss, 1846, Schweizerbart, pt. 2, p. 104, pl. 24,
figs. 12-13. (Designated by Sutton and Williams, 1939,
Jour. Paleontol., vol. 13, no. 6, p. 562; and by Triebel,
1940, Senckenbergiana, vol. 31, pp. 174-180.)

Range: Cretaceous to Recent.

 

69

Cythereis verricula Butler and Jones

Plate 8, figure 6

Cythereis verricula Butler and Jones, 1957, Louisiana
Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 32, pp. 40-41, pl. 5, fig. 6a—c.
--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study
of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 242, text-fig. p. 242.--
Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 220,
pl. 7, fig. 1.

Dimensions pf figured ppecimen: Length 0.76 mm., height
0.43 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone-—

common at locality A rare at locality D

3' 2'

Types: Hypotypes, a complete adult carapace, No. A3-22,

from locality A one carapace, No. D2—ll, from locality

3.
D2.
Remarks: The specimens studied are not very well-
preserved, but good enough to identify correctly. These
specimens do not have the anterior and posterior den—

ticles, but they Show evidence that the denticles are

broken due to weathering. The present specimens are

larger than the holotype.

 

 

7O

Cyphereis subgracilis Morrow

 

Plate 8, figure 7
Cythereis subgracilis Morrow, 1934, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 8, no. 2, p. 204, pl. 31, fig. 9.

? Qythereis cf. subgracilis van den Bold, 1946, Univ.

 

Utrecht Thesis, p. 99, pl. 10, fig. 20a-b.

Cythereis subgracilis Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Intro-
duction to the study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 237,
text-fig. p. 237.

Dimensions pf figured_§pecimen: Length 0.82 mm., height
0.40 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
abundant at locality A3.
Typpp: Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-23,
from locality A3.
Remarks: The Specimens available for study are poorly
preserved; but the following specific characteristics of
Cythereis supgracilis Morrow were observed in them by
comparing with Dr. Swain's reference collections--elongate
subovate shape, ventral margin straight, dorsal margin

almost straight and curving upward in front, ventral, and

dorsal margins converging slightly behind, anterior margin

71

evenly curved, making a subangular junction with the
dorsal margin, posterior end abruptly and strongly com-
pressed; median horizontal ridge indistinct; a broad
rounded knob is present anterior to the center; anterior
end thickened into a faint, broad rim; posterior margin
thickened, but denticulation missing; greatest thickness
is about midway between the posterior end and the middle;
in edge view, ventral edge is very broad, almost flat,
joining the lateral sides rather abruptly: surface retic—
ulation is either covered with matrix or weathered away.
The present specimens are larger than holotype

and other reported specimens.

Cythereis lixula Crane

Plate 8, figure 8

Cythereip ivii Israelsky--Skinner, 1956, Gulf Coast Assoc.
Geol. Soc., Trans., vol. 6, pp. 195-196, pl. 3, fig. 6a-f.
Cythereis lixula Crane, 1965, MicrOpaleontology, vol. 11,
no. 2, p. 223, pl. 7, fig. 3a-b.

IDimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.69 mm., height

0.31 mm.

 

 

 

72

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone—~

 

common at locality A3; a few washed-away and weathered
Specimens were collected from the outcrop of Lower Creta-
ceous Dhana Shale at locality I.

Types: Hypotypes, one female carapace, No. A3-24, and

one male carapace, No. A3-25, from locality A3; one fe-
male weathered (washed-away) carapace, No. I-2, from
locality I.

Remarks: Crane's specimens came from the Upper Cretaceous
Navarro group of Gulf coast region. Most of the Pakistani
specimens were collected from the Upper Cretaceous Chalor
Silli limestone, but a few weathered specimens were found
in the Lower Cretaceous Dhana Shale at locality I. It is
possible that these weathered specimens were carried away
from some other place and rock formation by streams and
deposited on the outcrop of Dhana shale at locality I

like the Tertiary Schizocythere appendiculata Triebel

(p. 66) collected from the same locality and the same bed.

Cythereis dallappnsis Alexander

Plate 8, figure 9

Cythereis dallasensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas

Bull. no. 2907, pp. 99-100, pl. 8, figs. 8-9.--Howe and

 

 

73

Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, pp. 192-193, text-fig. p. l93.—-Crane, 1965,
Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 219-220, pl. 6,
fig. 5.

Cytherei§_ornatissima (Reuss)--A1exander, 1933, Jour.
Paleontol., vol. 7, pp. 210—211, pl. 25, fig. 18: pl. 26,
fig. lla-b; pl. 27, fig. l6a-b.—-Calahan, 1939, Shreve-
port Geol. Soc., Guidebook, 14th Ann. Field Trip, p. 41,
pl. 3, figs. 9—10.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.69 mm., height
0.31 mm.

Occurrence gp_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone—-
rare at

abundant at locality A common at locality B

3' 2'

locality D2; Tsukail—Tsuk limestone-~common at locality
G1.
Types: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3—26,

from locality A3, one carapace, No. B2—4, from locality

B one carapace, No. D2—12, from locality D - a carapace,

2' 2'

No. 61—7, from locality G1.
Remarks: The present specimens are not very well-

preserved, but comparing with the specimens of Dr.

Swain's reference collections the following character-

isticzfeatures were observed in the present specimens--

 

74

reticulate surface ornamentation, a prominent median node,
rcnws of nodes or spines in place of the ventral and dorsal
longitudinal ridges, tuberculate elevations marking the
posterior terminations of the ventral and dorsal nodose

lineations.

Cfihereis bicornis Israelsky

Plate 8, figure 10

Cythereis bicornis Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 2, pp. 10-20, p1. IVA, fig. lOa-c.-—-A1exander,
1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull. no. 2907, p. 100, pl. 8, figs.
4r~5.--Swain, 1948, U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper no.
234-B, p. 83, pl. 9, fig. 31.—-Howe and Laurencich, 1958,
Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp.
183-184, text-fig. p. 184.——Crane, 1965, MicrOpaleontology,
v01. 11, no. 2, p. 218, pl. 6, fig. la-b.

? Cythereis niobrarensis Morrow, 1934, Jour. Paleontol.,
V01. 8, pp. 203-204, pl. 31, figs. 6, lOa-c.—-Loetterle,
1937, Nebraska Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 12, ser. 2, p. 54,
pl. 8, fig. 2a—b.

\XQ thereis Sp. cf. 9. bicornis (Israelsky)--Swain, 1948,

I"laryland Dept. Geol., Mines, and Water Resources, Bull.

“0. 20 PP. 200—201, pl. 13, figs. 15-16.

 

 

75

Dimensions pf_figured specimen: Length 0.56 mm., height

 

0.31 mm.
Occurrence ;p_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

abundant at locality A common at locality B rare at

3' 2'

localities D2, E, and H1; Tsukail-Tsuk limestone-—common
at locality G1.
Types: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-27, from

locality A one carapace, No. B2—5, from locality B one

3' 2'

carapace No. D2—l3, from locality D one carapace, No.

2!
E-8, from locality E, one carapace, No. G1-8, from 10—

cality G one carapace, No. Hl—3, from locality H

1' 1'
Remarks: Compared to holotype and other specimens re-
ported so far, the present specimens are smaller in size,

but they possess all the specific characteristics.

Cythereis costatana Israelsky

Plate 8, figure 11

Cythereis costatana Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol Survey,
Bull. no. 2, p. 16, pl. IIIA, fig. l6a—c.-—Butler and.
JOnes, 1957, Louisiana Geol. Survey Bull., no. 32, pp.

36—37, pl. 3, fig. 5.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Intro-

duction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 191,

 

 

 

76

text-fig. p. 191.--Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology, vol.
11, no. 2, p. 220, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Cythereig costatana angula Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontol.
vol. 22, pp. 420-421, pl. 61, figs. l7-18.——Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, pp. 191-192, text-fig. p. 192.

Platygythereis costatana angulata (Schmidt)--Brown, 1957,
North Carolina, Div. Mineral Res., Bull., no. 70, pp.
15-16, pl. 6, figs. 22-25.——Brown, 1958, North Carolina,
Div. Mineral Res., Bull. no. 72, p. 64, pl. 4, fig. 9.
Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.44 mm.

Occurrence ip_materigl studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at localities A3, D2, and H1.

Typpp: Homoeotypes, one carapace, No. A3-28, from 10-

cality A one carapace, No. D2-l4, from locality D

3’ 2'

one carapace, No. H1—4, from locality H1.
Remarks: The topotype of the species in Dr. Swain's
reference collections has Slightly more height than the

present specimens: also these specimens have pitted sur-

face and the topotype has punctate surface. The other

features are the same in both types.

 

77

Cythereis wintoni Alexander

Plate 8, figure 12

Cythereis wintoni Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas Bull.
no. 2907, p. 93, pl. 8, figs. 3, 7.--Howe and Laurencich,
1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,
pp. 242—243, text-figs. p. 243.

Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.50 mm., height
0.28 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3.
Types: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-29, from
locality A3.
Remarks: The present specimens are much smaller in Size.
The species has been reported so far only from the Lower
Cretaceous Fort Worth formation of Texas. The present
specimens were collected from the lower member of the
Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone. It is suggested
that the species did continue into Upper Cretaceous in
that part of the world, but for some reason, they were

dwarfed. Though the number of specimens is few and their

size is much smaller, they all are mature and well-

preserved.

 

78

Cyphereis hawleyi Alexander

Plate 8, figure 13

Cythereip hawleyi Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull.
no. 2907, pp. 95-96, pl. 9, figs. 3-4.-—Howe and Lauren-
cich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Os-
tracoda, p. 201, text—fig. p. 201.

Dimensions p§_figpred ppecimen: Length 0.57 mm., height
0.31 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality A rare at locality E; Tsukail-Tsuk

3!
limestone—~rare at locality G1.
Types: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-30,

from locality A one carapace, No. E-9, from locality E,

3.
one carapace, No. G1-9, from locality G1.
Remarks: The specimens studied are not very well-
preserved, but the following features which are charac-
teristics of the species Cythereis hawlgyi Alexander were
observed in most of the present specimens--Shape oblong,
highest in front, ventral outline straight, dorsal irreg-
ularly bumpy; anterior rounded, rimmed, denticulate; pos-

terior compressed, angled at middle, denticulate below.

Muscle swelling has a smooth ovate swelling behind it

79

rather than a ridge as noticed in Dr. Swain's reference

collections. Surface finely pitted.

Cythereis eQSIeESFdéhglg Alexander
Plate 8, figure 14

Cythgppis eaglefordensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 98, pl. 9, figs. 9, 12.--Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, p. 194, text-fig. p. l94.—-Swain and Brown,
1964, North Carolina, Dept. Cons. Devel., Div. Mineral
Res., Bull. no. 78, pl. 31, fig. 6a-b, text—fig. 9a-b.
Dimensions 9; gigured specimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.44 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
common at locality B2: Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--common at
locality Gl'
Typpp; Homoeotypes, one carapace, No. B2—6, from locality
B , one carapace, No. Gl-lO, from locality G

2

Remarks: The present specimens were compared with the

1'

types of Swain and Brown (1964) and found to be conspe-

cific.

presen

and Br

80

The reticulation on the lateral surface of the
present specimens is not as distinct as on those of Swain

and Brown (1964).

Cythereis pp, aff. Q, £p§p3_Lfibimova

Plate 8, figure 15

.Cythepeis fessa Lfibimova, 1965, Trans. Inst. All-Union
Petrol. Res., Geol. Explor., Issue No. 244, pp. 73-74,
pl. VIII, figs. 10a-b, lla-b, lZa-b.

Dimensions p§;jigured spepimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.41 mm.

Occurrence ipflmgperial studied: Kurram formation--rare
at locality J.

Typpp; Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. J-2, from
locality J.

Remarks: There were only two good specimens available
for study. The present specimens differ from the holotype
in being a little bigger and in having the ridges less
prominent. The ridges and nodes of the Pakistani speci-
mens are not reticulated like the Russian specimens,

probably due to weathering.

81

The holotype is described from the Cenomanian
beds of the Caspian Basin. The present Specimens were
collected from the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous

Kurram formation.

Cythereis pp. aff. Q, divisa Damotte

Plate 8, figure 15

Cyphereis divisa Damotte, 1962, Rev. Micropal., Paris,
vol. 5, no. 3, p. 194, pl. 2, fig. 2a-e; pl. 3, fig. 4a-c.
Dimensions pf figpred ppecimen: Length 0.74 mm., height
0.38 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3.
Typpp: Hypotype, one carapace, No. A3-31, from locality
A3.
Remarks: The present specimens are not very well-
preserved to recognize all the external characteristic
features, but the recognizable features conform most

closely to Cythereis divisa Damotte, reported from Turon-

ian of France.

 

82

Cythereis dentonensis Alexander

Plate 8, figure 17

Qythereis dentonensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 94, pl. 8, figs. 10-11.--Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, p. 194, text-fig. p. 194.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.31 mm.
Occupppnce pp ppperial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality E.

Typpp: Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. E—lO, from
locality E.

Remarks: Only two good specimens were available in the
material studied. These were compared with Dr. Swain's
type in his reference collections and found to be conspe-

cific. The present specimens are a little elongated and

narrower than the figured holotype.

Cythereis pp, aff. Q, fredericksburgensis Alexander

 

Plate 8, figure 18
ggythereis fredericksburgensip Alexander, 1929, Univ. of

fPexas, Bull. no. 2907, p. 89, pl. 8, figs. 12—13.—-

 

Calahan, 1939, Shreveport Geol. Soc., Guidebook, 14th
Ann. Field Trip, p. 49, pl. 7, figs. 5-6.--Lozo, 1944,
Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 31, no. 3, p. 530, map of
location.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to

the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 198-199, text-
figs. p. 199.

? Cythereis pp. aff. p, fredericksburgensip_Swain, 1952,
U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 82, pl. 9,

fig. 6.

Dimensions pf_figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.30 mm.

Oggprrepgp_;p material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality E.

Typpp; Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. E-ll, from
locality E.

Remarks: Out of three available specimens, only one is
good enough to work on. General shape, external features
and ornamentation of the specimen conform fairly close

to Cythereis fredericksburgensis Alexander. Comparing
with Dr. Swain's type (1952), it was found that the pres-

ent specimen is much closer to the holotype than Swain's

specimen.

 

84

Cythereis.pp. aff. p, hannai Israelsky

Plate 9, figure 1

Cythpppis hannai Israelsky, 1929, Arkansas Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 2, pp. 16-17, pl. IV A, fig. la-c.—-Alexander,
1939, Shreveport Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 14th Ann. Field
Trip, p. 66.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to
the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 200, text-fig. p.
200.--Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2,

p. 221, pl. 6, fig. 8a-b.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.94 mm., height
0.50 mm.

Occurrence ;p_matepial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at localities E and H1; Tsukail-Tsuk limestone-~rare
at locality Gl'
Typpp; Hypotypes, one carapace, No. E-12, from locality E,

one carapace, No. Hl-S, from locality H one carapace,

1'
No. Gl-ll, from locality G1.
Remarks: The present specimens are somewhat weathered,
but exhibit more characteristic features of Cyphereis

hannai Israelsky than any other Species of the genus.

These specimens are much larger than any specimens so far

reported. Therefore, the classification is tentative.

 

85

Cytherepp alexanderi abbreviata Morrow

Plate 9, figure 2

Cythereis alexanderi abbreviata Morrow, 1934, Jour. Pal-
eontol., vol. 8, no. 2, p. 203, pl. 31, fig. 8a-c.--Howe
and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cre-
taceous Ostracoda, p. 180, text-fig. p. 180.

Dimensions pj_figured Specimen: Length 0.72 mm., height
0.35 mm.

Occpprence pp mategial ptudieg, Challor Silli limestone--

rare at localities A , D H

3 2' 1'

Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-32, from locality

A a carapace, No. D2-15, from locality D a carapace,

30 20

No. H1-6, from locality H1.
Remarks: The present specimens are larger in size than
the holotype. Except for the size, all the characteristic
features of the subspecies are possessed by these speci-

ments. Some of the features, like spines, are not as

sharp as in holotype.

86

Cythereis pp, a,

Plate 9, figure 4a-b

Description: Carapace medium size; anterior and posterior
ends compressed: eye tubercle prominent, highest anter-
iorly, anterior margin obliquely rounded, posterior margin
narrowly rounded or slightly angulated in some specimens
with concave dorsum. Dorsal and ventral margins almost
straight and converging posteriorly. Surface coarsely
pitted, median node high and round. Three pairs of spines
on the posterior half of dorsal border, middle pair being
the longest; posterior end denticulate with three to four
denticles on each valve, no denticles on anterior end. A
long, sharp postero-ventral spine on each valve projecting
out and slightly posteriorly located at the posterior end
of pitted ventral ridge; ventral ridge dies out anteriorly.
Dorsal edge narrow, ventral edge broad and flat.
Dimensions pj_figured specimen: Length 0.88 mm., height
0.44 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Uppermost shale member

 

of the Upper Cretaceous Tandora formation—-rare at 10-

cality Q.

87

Specimen: One beautifully preserved complete carapace,
No. Q-2, from locality Q.

Remarks: The external features of the only Specimen con-
form to those of the genus Qythereis, but no described
species of the genus was found to possess all the distinct

features that this specimen has.

Cythereis pp, a.

Plate 9, figure 5a-b

Description: Shell rather small. Dorsal margin very
slightly concave upward, ventral margin straight; anter-
ior broadly rounded, posterior narrowly rounded; posterior
end denticulate; central muscle spot round and smooth,
eye tubercle distinct. A postero-ventral ala on each
valve forms a spine projecting out and posteriorly: ex-
cept the coarsely reticulated anterior and posterior ends
of the surface the lateral surface coarsely pitted. In
edge view, shell triangular; ventral surface flat and
pitted.

Dimensions 9; figured specimen: length 0.69 mm., height

0.41 mm.

 

 

88

Occurrence ;p_material studied: Lowermost Lockhart lime-
stone--rare at locality F.

Specimen: One complete carapace, No. F-2, from locality F.
Remarks: Cythereistp..§. is similar to Cythereis pp, p,,
but it differs from the latter in being much smaller in
size, in lacking the postero-dorsal Spines and ventral

ridge, and in having the triangular shape in edge view.

Genus Hermanites Puri, 1955
Synonyps: Hermania Puri, 1954 (preoccupied by Hermania
Monterosato l844--Mollusca); ? gpgagythereip Jennings,
1936 (preoccupied by Paracythereis Delachaux, 1928; prob-
ably young molts of a Hermanitpp sp.).
Typp species: Hermania peticulata Puri, 1954, Florida
Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 36, p. 267, pl. 11, figs. 8-9;
text-figs. g-h.

Range: Paleocene to Recent.

Hermanites tschopp; (van den Bold)

Plate 9, figure 3

Cythereis tschOppi van den Bold, 1946, Univ. of Utrecht
thesis, p. 93, pl. 10, fig. l4a-b.--van den Bold, 1950,

JOur. Paleontol., vol. 24, no. 1, p. 83.

89

gppmpnia reticulata Puri, 1954, Florida Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 36, p. 267, pl. 11, figs. 8-9; text-figs. g-h.
Hermanites haidingeri (Reuss).--van den Bold, 1957, Micro-
paleontology, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 239, pl. 2, fig. la-b.
(not Cypridina haidingeri, Reuss, 1850).

? Hermanites fungosa Butler, 1963, Louisiana Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 39, p. 63, pl. 4, figs. 4-6.

Hermanites Tschoppi (van den Bold).--van den Bold, 1960,
Micropaleontology, vol. 6, no. 2, p. l70.--van den Bold,
1965, Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 398, pl. 6,
fig. 2a-b.

Dimensions pf_fiqured specimen: Length 0.69 mm., height
0.38 mm.

Occurrence pp material studied: Limestone lens in Hangu
sandstone common at locality Bl' Mulla Bata limestone--
common at locality L.

Typpp: Hypotypes, a well-preserved complete carapace,

No. Bl-8, from locality B a somewhat weathered carapace,

1'
No. L-2, from locality L.
Remarks: The present specimens slightly differ from the

holotype in having the median ridge less prominent and

in having fewer spines on the surface. The Species has

so far been reported from Eocene and Miocene beds.

 

9O

Hermanites plppp n. sp.

Plate 9, figure 6a-b

Etymolpgy: alata (L) Winged, referring to the prominent
ventral ala.

Distipguishipg_characteristics: Hermanippp_alata is char-
acterized by having a strong ventral ala on each valve,
reticulated surface, and a ventral ridge.

Description: Carapace comparatively small, elongate,
subquadrate; highest at the anterior cardinal angle.
Anterior end broadly rounded, rimmed middle part. Pos-
terior end angular below middle, concave doraslly, con-
vex ventrally, slightly compressed. Dorsal margin
straight up to the cardinal angle where ear sticks out.
Ventral margin straight, partly obscured by ventral ala.
Ventral surface flat and triangular due to the outward
projecting ala. Valves nearly equal with the slightly
larger left valve overlapping the right insignificantly
at the anterior cardinal angle and forms the ear. The
ventral ridge lepes sharply up from the antero-ventral
region and ends in a sharp projection at the beginning

of the posterior Slope, forming a prominent ala. Shell

thickest at the point of alar projection. Surface

 

91

ornamented by a network of large reticulations giving a
spongy appearance to the carapace. A smooth, large muscle
spot located subcentrally.

Internally valves moderately deep, marginal areas
relatively narrow, line of concrescence coincides with
inner margin; radial pore canals numerous, long, straight
to slightly sinuous; muscle scar pattern consists of an
inclined row of four scars, the bottom two being elongate,
two ovate, slightly elongate scars in front, all scars
lie within the muscle pit. Hingement holamphidont; right
valve bears high, smooth pyramidal anterior tooth, a large,
deep postjacent socket, a finely crenulate median groove
and a smooth ovate posterior tooth; the left valve bears
the complements.

Compprison: Hermanites alata n. sp. strongly resembles
Hermpnitep tschoppi van den Bold, 1946, but differs in
being shorter, yet higher, in having no spines on the
posterior end. It differs from Hermanites fungosa Butler,
1963, by lacking the median ridge. From all the described
Species, the new species differs in possessing the prom-
inent, outwardly, and posterly projecting Sharply pointed

ventral ala.

92

Dimensions p£_holotype: Length 0.69 mm., height 0.38 mm.,

width 0.38 mm.
Occurrence 1p aterial studied: Limestone lens in Hangu

—:_

sandstone--common at locality B1.

Typp locality: Locality Bl' limestone lens in Hangu sand-

stone, Samana range, Kohat District, Northwest Frontier

Province, West Pakistan.

Type level: Tertiary.

Typpp: Holotype, one complete carapace, No. Bl-9, from

locality Bl' paratype, one complete carapace, No. Bl-lO,

from locality Bl'
Genus Isocyphereis Triebel, 1940

Typp species: .ngcythereis fissicostis Triebel, 1940,

Senckenbergiana Lethaea, vol. 22, nos. 1-6, p. 209, pl. 7,

figs. 71-74: pl. 10. fig. 108.

Range: Albian (Lower Cretaceous).

Isogythereis pp, aff. I, pp, Swain and Brown (unpublished)
Plate 9, figure 7
Description: Carapace wedge-shaped in profile; dorsal

margin straight in left valve and Slightly convex in right

93

valve, ventral margin concave. Surface ornamented with

a longitudinal ridge, diagonally located. Anterior margin
heavily rimmed, and finely denticulate. Several poster-
iorly projecting Spines present on posterior end. Highest
in the anterior third, thickest in the middle. Anterior
end broadly rounded, posterior end narrow and angulated.
Dimensions pf figured ppecimen: Length 0.48 mm., height
0.25 mm., width 0.16 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Base of Chalor Silli

 

limestone--rare at locality A3.

Specimens: One complete carapace, No. A3-33, from 10-

 

cality A3.
Remarks: The present specimens were found to be exactly
the same as Swain and Brown's unpublished collections.

There were only two good specimens available for study

in the present collection.

Family XESTOLEBERIDIDAE Sars, 1928
Subfamily XESTOLEBERIDINAE Mertens, 1958

Genus Xestoleberis Sars, 1866

 

IEpr_species: Cythere aurantia Baird, 1838, Mag. Zool.
.Bot;,, vol. 2, pp. 16, 132-144, 400—412.

.Range: Cretaceous to Recent.

94

Xestoleberis peminulata Crane

Plate 9, figure 8

Xestoleberip_seminu1ata Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology,
vol. 11, no. 2, p. 234, pl. 9, fig. 5.

Dimensions p§_figured Specimen: Length 0.56 mm., height
0.31 mm., width 0.31 mm.

Occurrence pp_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality A3, rare at localities B2 and G1.
Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-34, from locality
A

a carapace, No. BZ-7, from locality B a carapace,

3! 2!

No. Gl-12, from locality G1.
Remarks: The present specimens are somewhat weathered,
they are not exactly like the holotype, but the main

Specific characteristic features, prescribed to Xesto-

leberis seminulata, were recognized in different Speci-

mens .

zgstoleberis ovata Bonnema
Plate 2, figure 2a-b

.Xestoleberis ovata Bonnema, 1941, Natuurhist. Maanblad,

 

v01, 28, p. 43, pl. 7, figs. 39—45.--Howe and Laurencich,

15953, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,

95

p. 517, text-fig. p. 517.--Crane, 1965, Micropaleontology,
vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 233-234, pl. 9, fig. 2a-b.

Dimensions pf figured ppecimen: Length 0.50 mm., height
0.32 mm., width 0.32 mm.

Occurrence pp material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

 

abundant at locality A common at locality B

3' 2'
Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-35, from locality

A one carapace, No. B2-8, from locality B2.

3!
Remarks: The present specimens are in general, slightly
smaller than the holotype. The ventral margin of these

specimens is less convex than most of the reported spe-

cimens. Dimorphism was not observed.

zpppolpppris pergpnsi Veen

Plate 2, figure 3a-b

Bairdia ppbglobosa Bosquet, l854p_(not Bosquet, 1852),
Commission pour la desc. et la carte géol. de la Neer-
lande, Mém., vol. 2, p. 55(65), pl. 8, fig. 3a-d.
.zpstoleberis pprqensi Veen, 1936, Natuurhist. Maandblad,
vol. 25, nos. 2-9, p. 17 (69, 70), pl. 3, figs. 12-29.--
Veen, 1938, Natuurhist. Maandblad, vol. 27, nos. 1-2,

p. .4 (15, l6).--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction

96

to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 517-518, text-
fig. p. 518.

Dimgppionp_p§ figured ppecimen: Length 0.38 mm., height
0.25 mm.

Occurrence }p_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

abundant at locality A common at locality B

3' 2'
Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-36, from locality

A a carapace, No. B2-9, from locality B

3' 2'
Remarks: The present specimens are much smaller than the
holotype, but they do show the characteristic external
features of the species. These shells are less plump

than Veen's specimen.

gpppoleberis opina Schmidt

Plate 2, figure 4a-b

Xestoleberis ppppp Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontol., vol.
22, no. 4, p. 410, pl. 61, figs. 15-16, text-fig. 26.--
Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of
Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 51, text-figs. p. 51.

.Xestoleberis cf. 5. opina Butler and Jones, 1957, Louis-

 

iana, Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 32, p. 47, pl. 6, fig. 3a-b.

97

Dimensions pf_figured ppecimen: Length 0.34 mm., height
0.21 mm.

Occurrence ip_pptg£ial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
abundant at localities A3 and B2.

Typpp: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-37, from

locality A one carapace, No. B2-10, from locality B

3' 2'
Remarks: In general, the size of the present specimens
is smaller than the holotype, but the Specific character-
istics prescribed for the species are clearly recogniz-

able in most of the specimens.

Xestolpbppip pp, aff. z, gpppppp Howe

Plate 2, figure 5a-c

Xestoleberis gunteri Howe, 1951p, Florida, Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 34, pp. 30-31, pl. 2, figs. l7-l9.--Puri, 1957,
Florida, Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 38, p. 195.

Dimensions pf figured specimens: Length 0.57 mm., height
0.40 mm.

churrence ip_material studied: Base of Lockhart lime-
stone--rare at locality Al: Mulla Bata limestone--rare
at locality L.

98

Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. Al-8, from locality

A a carapace, No. L-3, from locality L.

1'
Remarks: There were only two good specimens available
for study. The shells are rather small, about half the
size of the holotype, but exhibit characteristics of

Xestoleberis gunteri Howe. They may very well be instars

of the species.

Xestoleberis zuberensis Puri

Plate 2, figure 6a-d

Xestoleberis zuberensis Puri, 1957, Florida, Geol. Survey,
Bull. no. 38, p. 194, pl. 6, figs. 13-16.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.56 mm., height

0.38 mm.

Occurrence in material studied: Lockhart limestone--rare

 

at localities A1 and H2: Mulla Bata 1imestone--rare at

locality L.

Typpp: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A1-9, from locality
A1, one carapace, No. H2-l, from locality H2, one carapace,
No. L-4, from locality L.

Remarks: The present Specimens have a little more height

arud are thicker than the holotype. Length-height ratio

C.)

fix:

(.1 ‘

[U

(3

IS?

(I)

SI

99

of the holotype is 1.56, whereas that of these specimens

is 1.52.

Xestoleberis marssoni Bonnema

Plate 2, figure 7a-c

‘gpppolpppris marssoni Bonnema, 1941, Natuurhist. Maand-
blad, Maastricht, vol. 30, no. 4, p. 43, pl. 7, figs.
46-50.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the
Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 516-517, text-figs.
p. 517.

Dimensions pf_figured ppecimen: Length 0.52 mm., height

0.36 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material studied: Upper part of Chalor

———

Silli limestone--rare at locality B2: Lower part of Dhana

shale--rare at locality I.

Types: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. B2-1l, from

locality B one weathered, washed-away carapace, No. I-3,

20
from locality I.

Remarks: Only two good specimens from locality B2 and
one weathered carapace from locality I were available for

study. The holotype, described by Bonnema (1941), comes

from Upper Cretaceous of Holland.

100

Xestglpberip minuta Holden

Plate 2, figure 8a-b

Xestgipberis minuta Holden, 1964, Paleontology, vol. 7,
pt. 3, pp. 425-426, text-fig. 27a-e.

Dimensions pp figured ppecimen: Length 0.37 mm., height
0.25 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material ptudied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3; Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--rare at 10-
cality G1.
Typpp; Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-38,

from locality A one carapace, No. Gl-13, from locality

3.
GI.
Remarks: Though the present specimens are small, they
are very well-preserved. High magnification revealed

the following characteristics of the species described
by Holden (l964)--anterior margin sharply pointed and

projected a little ventrally; antero-dorsal margin long
and oblique, ventral margin long and straight; surface

smooth. Holotype was reported from Upper Cretaceous of

California.

lOl

Xestoleberis sp.

Plate 9, figure 9a-b

Description: Shell subovoid or broadly ovate and plump

in side view; greatest height about median; greatest
thickness median and a little ventrad; dorsal margin
broadly convex and uniformly rounded; hinge line about
half of shell length and very slightly convex with broadly
obtuse cardinal angles: ventral margin gently convex and
partially hidden by the ventral swelling of the valves;
anterior margin broadly and uniformly rounded; posterior
end somewhat narrowly rounded; anterior end projected

out a little; surface'smooth.

Dimensions pp figured specimen: Length 0.50 mm., height
0.44 mm., width 0.50 mm.

churrence pp mpterial studied: Shale cap (Shakalai shale?)
of Mulla Bata limestone--rare at locality L; Base of
Shakalai shale--rare at locality N.

Specimens: One carapace, No. L-5, from locality L, one

 

carapace, No. N-5, from locality N.
Remarks: The present Specimens to some extent resemble
the Cretaceous Xestoleberis_pgrgensi Veen, 1936, in shape,

but differ from it in having more broadly rounded ;

102

posterior end and in having a little projection of the
anterior end. Also, these specimens measure length and
width the same, and the height is about 7/8 of the length.

There were only two good specimens available for study.

Xestoleberip supplanta Veen

Plate 3, figure la-d

Xestoleberis supplanta Veen, 1936, Natuurhist. Maandblad,
vol. 25, nos. 2-9, p. 17 (69-70). pl. 3, figs. 30-43.--
Veen, 1938, Natuurhist. Maandblad, vol. 27, nos. 1-2,

p. 4 (15, 16).--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction
to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 518, text-figs.
p. 518.

Dimeppions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.50 mm., height

 

 

0.31 mm.

Occurrence pp_material studied: Limestone member of Tan-
dora formation--rare at locality Q.

Types: Hypotype, one carapace, No. Q—3, from locality Q.
Remarks: The present specimens differ somewhat from the
holotype in having a faint incision on the ventral contact

Of the valves and the striations on the ventral surface

103

are not very distinct: the anterior end is a little more

rounded than the holotype.

Superfamily BAIRDIACEA Sars, 1888
Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1888
Genus Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample and Jennings, 1935
Type Species: Bairdoppilata martyni Coryell, Sample and
Jennings, 1935, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Novitates, no. 777,
pp. 1-5, 4 text-figs.

Range: Cretaceous to Recent.

Bairdgppilata pseudoseptentrionalis Mertens

Plate 3, figure 2a-b

Bairdoppilata pseudoseptentrionalis Mertens, 1956, Geol.
Jahrb., Hanover, Germany, vol. 72, p. 182, pl. 8, figs.
7-10; pl. 13, figs. 89-90.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958,
Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 82,
text-figs. p. 82.

Qimensions pf figured ppecimen: Length 1.00 mm., height
0.63 mm.

.Qgcurrence pp material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

(rare at locality A3.

104

Types: Hypotype, one carapace, No. A3-39, from locality
A3.
Remarks: Two beautifully preserved specimens were avail-

able for study. Compared to holotype these specimens are

Slightly shorter, yet have a greater height.

Bairdoppilata? magna Alexander

Plate 3, figure 3

Bairdia maqna Alexander, 1927, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 1,
p. 32, pl. 6, figs. 7-8.--Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 63, pl. 3, fig. 8.--A1exander, 1934p,
Jour. Paleontol., vol. 8, no. 2, p. 215.--K1ine, 1943,
Miss. Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 53, p. 65, pl. 8, fig. 4.
Bairdoppilata viticula Coryell, Sample and Jennings, 1935,
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Novitates, no. 777, p. 4, figs. 3—4.
--Jennings, 1936, Bull. Amer. Paleontol., vol. 23, no. 78,
p. 44.

Bairdoppilata maqna Skinner, 1956, Meeting of Gulf Coast
Assoc., Geol. Soc., p. 183, pl. 1, fig. 3a-b.--Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous

Ostracoda, pp. 80-81, text-figs. p. 81.

105

Dimpppions pf figured specimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.50 mm.

Occugrence pp material studied: Chalor Silli limestone-—
rare at locality A3.
Types: Hypotype, one carapace, No. A3-40, from locality
A3.
Remarks: Only two well-preserved, complete carapaces and
no single valves were available for study. In general
shape, overlap, dorsal and ventral margins, anterior and
posterior ends, these two specimens conform to the genus
Bairdoppilata, but lack of knowledge as to their internal

characteristics, especially the denticulation on the dor-

sal lepes, prevents the definite classification.

Subfamily BAIRDIINAE Sars, 1923
Genus Bairdia McCoy, 1844

Genolectotype: Bairdia curtus McCoy, 1844, SynOpsiS of
the Characters of the Carboniferous Fossils of Ireland
(Crustacea), Dublin Univ. Press, p. 164, pl. 23, fig. 6.
Bairdia Jones and Kirkby, 1879 (cleaned and refigured type
Specimen), Quart. Jour., Geol. Soc. London, vol. 35,
P- 567, pl. 28, fig. 1.

Range: Ordovician to Recent.

106

Bairdip harrisiana Jones

Plate 3, figure 4a-b

Bairdia harrisiana Jones, 1849, Palaentogr. Soc. London,

p. 25, pl. 6, fig. l7a-f.--Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, pp. 60-61, pl. 2, figs. 18-19.-—Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, p. 70, text-fig. p. 70.

Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.62 mm., height
0.25 mm., width 0.19 mm.

Occurpppce ;p_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality H1.
Typpp: Hypotype, one carapace, No. H1-7, from locality H1.
Remarks: Of three available specimens, only one was well-
preserved. External features of the specimen resemble
those of the figured and described specimen of Alexander

(1929). The ventral margin of the present specimen is

less sinuate than Alexander's specimen.

Bairdia pp, aff. p, alexandrina Blake
Plate 3, figure 5
? Bairdia subdeltoidea Alexander (not Mfinster), 1927,

Jour. Paleontol., vol. 1, p. 31, pl. 6, figs. 2, 4.

107

Bairdia subdeltoidea Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 61, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Baipdia alexandrina Blake (new name), 1931, Jour. Paleonol.
vol. 5, p. l63.--Moreman, 1942, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 16,
p. 195.

Bairdia cf. p. alexandrina Swain, 1952, U.S. Geol. Survey,
Prof. Paper 234-B, p. 71, pl. 8, fig. 13.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.37 mm.

Occurrence pp ggterial ptudied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3: Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--rare at lo-
cality G1.
Typpp: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-4l, from locality

A3; one carapace, No. G1-l4. from locality G

1'
Remarks: The assignment of the present forms to Bairdia
alexandrina is tentative because of the smaller size.

Moreover, the weathered conditions of the specimens pre-

vents from recognizing specific features.

Bairdia pp, aff. p, gracilis Alexander
Plate 3, figure 6a-b
Bairdia gracilis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull.

no, 2907, p. 60, pl. 2, figs. l6-17.--Howe and Laurencich,

108

1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,
p. 70, text-fig. p. 70.

Dimensions pp figured Specimen: Length 0.69 mm., height
0.38 mm.

Occurrence in aterial studied: Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--

rare at locality G1; Chalor Silli limestone--rare at 10-

cality H1.
Typpp: Hypotypes, one complete shell No. Gl-15, from
locality 61' one complete carapace, No. Hl-8, from 10-
cality H1.
Remarks: The present specimens are a little thicker and
the posterior end is less pointed than the holotype. The
specimen No. Gl-15 has doubtful stratigraphic position.
The samples containing the specimens had the number that
belongs to the Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh formation (sand-
stone) but the lithology of the samples is limestone sim-
ilar to Tsukail-Tsuk limestone. Other specimens of the
species came from the outcrops of Chalor Silli limestone

at locality H The species has so far been reported from

1'
upper Kiamichi, lower Duck Creek, Washita, and Fredericks-

burg formations of the United States. If it can be estab-

lished, without doubt, that the specimen Gl-15 and its

109

duplicates were collected from some limestone lenses of
the Lower Cretaceous Khadimakh formation then the species
will Show its continued existence from the Lower Creta-
ceous to Upper Cretaceous time since the species was found
also in Chalor Silli limestone, the lower member of the
Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone. The same ill-fate
was shared by Paragypris acuta (Cornuel), discussed later,

which was found in the same samples.

Bairdia qgacilis truncata n. subsp.

Etymology: Truncata (L), truncated, referring to the
truncated anterior end.

Emppingnipping characteristics: This new subspecies is
characterized by having the ventral two-thirds of the
anterior end obliquely truncated posteriorly, and by
having a broadly convexed dorsal margin and almost
straight ventral margin.

Qgscription: Shell rather small, oblong-subquadrate in

 

lateral View. Dorsal margin broadly arched, gently slop-
ing to anterior and sharply sleping to the posterior from
the middle point. Ventral margin almost straight with

slight tendency to concavity at the middle. The dorsal

CR8-

two-

terl

dorsa

over;

 

110

one-third of the anterior end narrowly rounded, the lower
two-thirds obliquely truncated posteroventrally. Pos-
terior end nearly pointed due to sharp convergence of
dorsal margin to ventral edge. Left valve larger and it
overlaps the right valve the greatest overlap being on

the ventral margin. In dorsal view, carapace lanceolate,
widest just behind the middle, highest medially. Anterior
end thinner than posterior end in edge view.

Comparison: This new subspecies closely resembles the
species pairdia gracilis Alexander, 1929, but differs from
it in general shape and in having the anterior end ob-
liquely truncated, in having the widest point just behind
the middle.

Dimensions pp holotype: Length 0.68 mm., height 0.37 mm.
Occurrence ;p_material ppudied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality A rare at locality H

3' 1'
Types: Holotype, a complete carapace, No. A3-42, from

locality A3; paratypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-43,
and one carapace, No. Hl-9, from 10-

from locality A3,

cality H1.

111

Type locality: Lower member of Darsamand limestone, lo-

cality A Samana Range, Kohat District, Northwest Fron-

3'
tier Province, West Pakistan.

Type level: Upper Cretaceous.

Bairdia pp, aff. p, exoura van den Bold

Plate 3, figure 7

Bairdia pxoura van den Bold, 1957a, MicrOpaleontology,
vol. 3, no. 1, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 6.-—van den Bold, 1957b,
Micropaleontology, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 236.

Dimensions pj_figured ppecimen: Length 0.82 mm., height
0.50 mm.

Occprrence ip_material studied: Upper Shakalai shale--
rare at locality N.

Typpp: Hypotype, one carapace, No. N—6, from locality N.
Remarks: Only two good specimens were available for
study. The present forms are somewhat smaller than the

holotype, and the posterior is less produced.

Bairdia pp, aff. p, jonesi van den Bold
Plate 3, figure 8a-b
Bairdia subdeltoides Jones and Sherborn, 1887, Geol. Mag.

New series, Decade III, vol. 4, p. 387.--Jones and Sherborn,

112

1889, Palaentogr. Soc. London, Monogr., vol. 42, p. 16,
pl. I, fig. 5.--Latham, 1938, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh,
vol. 59, p. 39, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Bairdia jonesi van den Bold, 1946, Univ. of Utrecht
Thesis, p. 72, pl. 4, fig. 7.

Dimensions pp figured specimen: Length 0.91 mm., height
0.52 mm., width 0.49 mm.

Occuprence pp material ptudied: Upper Shakalai shale--
rare at locality N.

gyppp; Hypotype, one carapace, No. N-7, from locality N.
Remarks: Only one good complete specimen was available
for study. It exhibits most of the specific features of

Bairdia jonesi van den Bold, 1946.

Bairdia mpchagpillaensis van den Bold

Plate 3, figure 9

Bairdia maghaguillaensis van den Bold, 1946, Univ. of
Utrecht Thesis, p. 72, pl. 4, fig. 3a-b.--van den Bold,
1960, MicrOpaleontology, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 153, pl. 2,
fig. 8.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height

0.43 mm., width 0.34 mm.

113

chpppphce pp.material studied: Lower part of Lockhart
limestone--common at locality A1.
Types: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. Al-10, from
locality Al.

Remarks: In general, the present specimens are slightly

smaller than the holotype.

Bairdia giganneensis Howe and Lea

Plate 3, figure 10a-b

Bairdia giganneensis Howe and Lea, 1936, in Howe and Law,
1936, Louisiana Dept. Cons., Geol. Bull. no. 7, p. 27,
pl. II, fig. 9.--van den Bold, 1957p, Micropaleontology,
vol. 3, no. 3, p. 236.

Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 1.0 mm., height
0.63 mm., width 0.53 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material ptudied: Limestone lens in Hangu
sandstone--rare at locality Bl' Mulla Bata limestone--rare
at locality L.

Typpp: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. Bl-ll, from locality

B one complete shell, No. L-6, from locality L.

1'

Remarks: The present specimens are bigger than the holo-

type, and the posterior end is narrower.

114

Bairdia oviformis Speyer

Plate 3, figure 11

Bairdia oviformis Speyer, 1863, Ver. Naturk. Cassel. Ber.,
Cassel, Germany, no. 13, p. 44, pl. 1, fig. 6a-c.
Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.38 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material pppdied: Mulla Bata limestone--
common at locality L.

gyppp: Hypotype, one carapace, No. L-8, from locality L.
Remarks: The present forms are in general smaller in size
than the holotype, and their anterior and posterior ends
are more sharply pointed; overlap in these shells is less

clear than the holotype.

Bairdia amygdaloides Brady var. oblongata van den Bold
Plate 4, figure 1a-b

Bairdia amygdaloides oblongata van den Bold, 1946, Univ.
of Utrecht Thesis, p. 70, pl. 1, fig. 5a-b.

Dimensions pp figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.38 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studigd: Mulla Bata limestone--

 

 

common at locality L.

115

gyppp: Hypotype, one carapace, No. L-7, from locality L.
Remarks: A few of the present specimens are somewhat
weathered; the well-preserved ones possess the Shape,
overlap, angulation on dorsal margin and the sharply angu-
lated posterior end which are the diagnostic features pre-

scribed by van den Bold (1946) for the subspecies.

Bairdia dimorpha van den Bold

Plate 4, figure 2a-b

Bairdia dimorpha van den Bold, 1963, Micropaleontology,
vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 373-374, pl. 1, fig. 6a-d.

Dimensions pf_figuredgppecimens: Female--length 1.02 mm.,
height 0.69 mm. Male--length 1.08 mm., height 0.68 mm.

aterial ppudied: Mulla Bata limestone--

—_—

Occurrence‘3p
rare at locality L.

iyppp: Hypotype, one female carapace, No. L-9a, and one
male carapace, No. L-9b, from locality L.

Remarks: The present specimens are about 1/3 times bigger

than the holotype.

116

Bairdia ppmanchensis Alexander

Plate 4, figure 3

Baipdia comanchensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 63, pl. 2, fig. 15: pl. 3, fig. 4--Howe
and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Creta-
ceous Ostracoda, p. 66, text-fig. p. 66.--Swain and Brown,
1964, North Carolina Dept. Cons. and Dev. Miner. Res.,
Bull. no. 78, pp. 12-13, pl. 1, fig. 5a-c.
Dimpppionp_pj_figured specimen: Length 0.82 mm., height
0.50 mm., width 0.45 mm.

Occuprence 3p.mpterial ptudied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3.
{Typpp: Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-43,
from locality A3.
Remarks: The present forms are somewhat weathered. By
comparing with the types of Swain and Brown (1964), it
was observed that the present forms possess the distinc-

tive Specific characteristics listed by Alexander (1929)

for the species Bairdia comanchensis Alexander.

117

Bairdia megista n. sp.

Plate 10, figure 1

Etymolpgy: megista (L), very large, referring to the un-
usually large size of the carapace.

Qpppipgpiphipg characteristics: This new Species is char-
acterized by having the highest point behind the middle,
the height a little more than the Shell length, compressed
anterior end, the anterior end projected out ventro-
medially, and by having an unusually large size.
Description: Carapace triangular-ovate: greatest height
just behind the middle: height a little more than half the
shell length. Dorsal margin evenly arched with fairly
strong convexity. Ventral margin straight in the middle
half, curved upward at the anterior and posterior quarters.
Anterior end narrowly rounded, compressed, and extended
medially, curved ventrally, truncated dorsally. Posterior
end more narrowly rounded than the anterior end and pro-
jected out ventro-medially to a blunt point, ventral por-
tion of the posterior end being curved up and dorsal por-
tion curved down. Left valve larger than the right, over-
lapping the latter on all sides with strongest overlap on
dorsal margin, less so on ventral margin and the least on

the anterior and posterior ends. Lateral surface smooth.

118

Hingement consists of groove in hinge face of the left
valve into which fits edge of right valve. Along dorsal
lepes, crenulations that are the characteristics of
Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample and Jennings (1935) are
lacking.

Comparison: The new species Bairdia mggista to some ex-
tent resembles Bairdia comanchensis Alexander, 1929, but
differs from it in being much larger, more than twice in
size, in having the highest point posterior to middle,
height more than half the shell length, ventral margin
straight in the middle half, anterior end compressed, pos-
terior end bluntly pointed, the strongest overlap on dor-
sal margin rather than ventral margin.

Dimensions pf’holotype: Left valve--1ength 1.69 mm.,
height 1.06 mm.; Right valve--length 1.62 mm., height
0.98 mm.; width of the carapace 0.75 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material studied: Lower part of Lockhart
limestone--abundant at locality A1: Mulla Bata limestone--
common at locality L.

myppp, Holotype, a complete carapace, No. Al-ll, from
locality A1; Paratypes, one complete carapace, No. Al-l2,
from locality A1: one complete carapace, No. L-lO, from
locality L.

119

Type locality: Lockhart limestone, locality A Samana

ll
Range, Kohat District, Northwest Frontier Province, West
Pakistan.

Type level: Tertiary

Bairdia wauchulensis Swain

Plate 4, figure 4

pairdia wauchulensis Swain, 1946, Jour. Paleontol., vol.
20, pp. 375-376, pl. 54, fig. 1a-d. 3
Dimensions pf_figured specimen: Length 1.25 mm., height
0.81 mm.

Ogcurrence ;p_material studied: Base of Lockhart lime-
stone--common at locality A1.
Iyppp: Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. A1-13, from
locality A1.
Remarks: Compared to paratypes in Dr. Swain's reference

collections, the present forms exhibit more distinct over-

laps and less pointed posterior end.

Genus Bythocypris Brady, 1880

Type species: Bairdia bosguetiana Brady, 1866, Trans.,

2001. Soc. London, vol. 5. p. 364, pl. 57,--the young of

120

Bythocypris reniformis Brady, 1880, Zoology, vol. 1, p. 46,
pl. 5. fig. la-l.

Range: ? Lower Ordovician to Recent.

pythocyprip goodlandensis Alexander

Plate 4, figure 5a-b

Bythocypris ggodlandensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 64, pl. 3, figs. 11, l3.--Lozo, 1944,
Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 31, no. 3, p. 530, map of local-
ity.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study
of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 97, text-figs. p. 97.
Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.25 mm.

Occurrence ;p_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3.
gyppp: Hypotype, one complete Shell, No. A3-44, from 10-
cality A3.
Remarks: The greatest height of the present speciments

is a little posterior to the middle, rather than at the

middle, as in holotype.

121

Family MACROCYPRIDIDAE Muller, 1912
Subfamily MACROCYPRINAE Mfiller, 1912
Genus MACROCYPRIS Brady, 1868
Typp species: Qythere minuta Baird, 1850, Roy. Soc.
London, vol. 1, p. 171, pl. 20, fig. 4a-d.

Range: ? Ordovician--? Miocene: Pliocene to Recent.

Macrocypris Simplex Chapman

Plate 4, figure 6a-b

Macrocypris simplex Chapman, 1898, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 7, vol. 2, p. 333, fig. 1a-c.--Chapman, 1904, South
African Mus., Ann. ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 233, pl. 29, figs.
22, 22a-b.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Intoduction to the
Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 394, text-figs. p. 394.
Dimensions pf figured pppcimen: Length 0.98 mm., height
0.38 mm.

chpppppce ip_material ppudied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3.
myppp: Hypotype, one complete shell, No. A3-45, from 10-
cality'A3.
Remarks: The present specimens are shorter and lower than

the holotype.

122

Macrocypris sp. aff. fl. limburqensis Veen

Plate 4, figure 7a-b

Macrocypris siligua Veen, 1934, Natuurhist. Maandblad,
vol. 23, nos. 7-10, p. 39 (89), pl. 1, figs. 1-9.
Dimensions pg figured specimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.31 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality E.

gypgp: Hypotype, an instar, No. E-13, from locality E.
Remarks: Only three good specimens were available for
study and all three of them are instars. Classification

is indefinite because no adult carapaces were encountered.

Macrocypris gppig_Bonnema

Plate 4, figure 8a-b

Macrocypris gppig Bonnema, 1940-1941, Naturrhist. Maand-
blad, vol. 27, p. 107, pl. 2, figs. 28-30.--Howe and Lau-
rencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, p. 391, text—figs. p. 391.

Dimensions p£_figured specimen: Length 0.55 mm., height
0.25 mm.

Occpgrence 1 material gtudied: Chalor Silli limestone—-

 

rare at locality A3.

123

Types: Hypotype, a complete carapace, No. A3-46, from
locality A3.
Remarks: One of the characteristic features of Macrocy-
p£i§_gppig Bonnema, a notch on the dorsal margin near the

anterior end, is not quite distinct in the present spe-

cimens.

Macrocypris graysonensis Alexander

Plate 4, figure 9a-b

Macrocypris qraysonensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 59, pl. 2, figs. 13-14.--Bonnema, 1940,
Natuurhist. Maandblad, vol. 27, p. 107, pl. 2, fig. 27.--
Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of
Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 391-392, text—fig. p. 392.
Dimensions p§_figured gpecimens: Length 0.83 mm., height
0.39 mm.

Occurrence l aterial studied: Chalor Silli limestone-—

—_,—

rare at locality A3.

Types: Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. A3-47,
from locality A3.
Remarks: The present specimens were compared with some

tOpotypes in Dr. Swain's reference collections. It was

found that the present forms show marked overlap on the

124

ventral margin which neither the illustrations nor the

topotypes exhibit clearly.

Macrocypris modesta (Reuss)

Plate 4, figure 10

Cytherina modesta Reuss, 1851, Natuurwiss. Abh. (Haid—
inger's), Vienna, vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 49, pl. 6, fig. 9a-c.
Not-~Bairdia modesta Reuss, 1874, Palaentographica, vol.
20, pt. 2, p. 142, pl. 26, figs. 10-11.

Not-—Bairdia modesta Fritsch and Kafka, 1887, p. 13,

fig. 21.

Not--Bairdia modesta Schacko, 1889, Deutsch. Geol. Gesell,
Zeitschr., vol. 41, p. 617.

Not--Bairdia modesta Egger, 1900, Bayerischen Akad., Wis.,
Abh. math-phys. Classe, vol. 21, p. 179, pl. 27, figs. 4-6.
Not--Bairdia modesta Egger, 1908, Natuurwiss. Verein zu
Passau (e.V.) Bericht, vol. 20, p. 57, pl. 10, figs. 1-2.
? Bairdia modesta Marsson, 1880, Naturwiss. verein von
Neu. Rugen, Greifswald. Mitteilungen, 1880, p. 37.
Macrocypris ? modesta Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduc-
tion to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 392-393,

text—figs. p. 393.

125

Dimensions 9; figured specimen: Length 0.58 mm., height
0.30 mm.
Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone-—
rare at localities D2 and E.

Typgg: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. D2-l6, from locality

D one shell, No. E—l4, from locality E.

2.
Remarks: The present forms are smaller in size than the
specimen illustrated by Howe and Laurencich (1958) after
Reuss (1874). It seems that in 1874 Reuss decided to in-
clude all elongated Cretaceous forms with the shape of
either Macrocypris or Paragypris under the name "Bairdia
modesta." Later workers, mentioned above, followed him
with additional forms. According to Howe and Laurencich
(1958) in actuality the original figures and description
by Reuss show a very sharp-pointed posterior which is
quite unlike all the later figures. Reuss figured the
right valve the larger and that is why Howe and Laurencich
(1958) tentatively placed the species in Macrocyp£;§
rather than Paracypris with a suggestion that "it needs
restudy of the original material."

The specimens from Pakistan are.definitely Macrocy-

pris because their right valves are larger. Following the

126

description and illustrations of Reuss (1874), and Howe

and Laurencich (1958) coupled with Dr. Swain's suggestions

 

the Pakistani specimens are assigned to Macrocypris mo-

desta.

Macrocypris concinna Jones and Hinde

Plate 4, figure 11

Macrocypris concinna Jones and Hinde, 1890, Palaentogr.
Soc., London, vol. 43, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 66—67.
Macrocypris ? concinna Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Intro-
duction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracdda, p. 391,
text-fig. p. 391.

Dimensipn§.p§_fiqured ppecimen: Length 0.51 mm., height
0.19tmm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

 

rare at locality E.

Typgg: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. E-lS, from
locality E.

Remarks: Jones and Hinde (1890) described and illustrated
a single left V31V€”With0ut any internal details to indi-
cate which valve was larger in their specimen and that is
why Howe and Laurencich (1958) questioned the generic

assignment. The present specimens have the right valves

127

larger than the left and therefore they are assigned to
Macrocypris. Regarding the specific assignment these
forms possess the characteristic features that conform to
those prescribed to Macrocypris concinna by Jones and

Hinde (1890) except that these are smaller in size.

Superfamily CYPRIDACEA Baird, 1845
Family PARACYPRIDIDAE Sars, 1923
Subfamily PONTOCYPRIDINAE Muller, 1894

Genus Pontocyprella Mandelstam, 1955 in Lfibimova
Typg species: Bairdia harrisiana Jones, 1849, Paleonto.
Soc. London, pp. 25-26, pl. 16, fig. 17a-f.
Remarks: This genus has been variously attributed to
Lfibimova, 1955 (Malz, 1959), to Mandelstam, 1955 (Oertli,
1959), to Mandelstam, 1956 (Howe and Laurencich, 1958);
Mandelstam and Schneider in Chernysheva, 1960, and to
Mandelstam, 1955, in Lyubimova (Neale, 1962). Malz (1959)
discussed the situation and noted that the question hinges
on the responsibility for publication. This genus has
been placed in either the Pontocypridinae (Lfibimova, 1955:
Mandelstam and Schneider in Chernysheva, 1960) or the
Bairdiinae (Oertli, 1959). The left valve of Jones' mate—

rial, according to Neale (1962), p. 432, pl. 6, fig. 13a,

128

reveals that the musclescar pattern conSists principally
of three horizontally elongate scars, each of which shows
subdivisions. This suggests that they belong more with
the Cyprididae than with the Bairdiidae, and although
their assignment to the Pontocypridinae is debatable, they
are retained in this subfamily, following Neale (1962).

Range: Jurassic to Paleocene.

Pontocyprella rara Kaye

Plate 4, figure 12a-c

Pontocyprella rara Kaye, 1965a in Kaye, P. and Barker, D.,
1965, Palaentology, vol. 8, pt. 3, pp. 376-377, pl. 49,
figs. 6-12.

Dimension§_pj_figured specimens: Female--length 0.83 mm.,
height 0.44 mm.; Male-—length 0.82 mm., height 0.40 mm.
Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone-—

abundant at locality A3: common at localities 82, D2, E;

rare at locality H1; Tsukail-Tsuk limestone-—rare at 10-

cality G1.
Types: Hypotypes, one female carapace, No. A3-48, from

locality A one male carapace, No. B2-12, from locality

3'

B , a female carapace, No. D2-l7, from locality D

one
2

2'

male shell, No. E-l6, from locality B, one female carapace,

129

No. Gl-l6, from locality G one male carapace, No. Hl-lO,

1!
from locality Hl.
Remarks: The males appear to be narrower than the females

and the instars have more strongly convexed dorsal margin

and are proportionately higher.

Pontocyprella harrisiana (Jones)

Plate 5, figure la-b

Cythere (Bairdia) harrisiana Jones, 1849, Paleontogr. Soc.
London, p. 25, pl. 6, fig. 17a-f.

Not--Cytheridea harrisiana Bosquet, 1854, Comm. Pour la
desc. et la carte geol. de la Neerlande, Mém , vol. 2, p.
63 (73), pl. 5, fig. Sa-d.

Bairdia harrisiana Jones, 1870, Geol. Mag., vol. 7, pp.
75, 77, pl. 2, figs. 52-55.

Not—-Bairdia harrisiana Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 60, pl. 2, figs. 18-19.
Not--Bythocypris harrisiana Veen, 1934, Natuurhist. Maand-
blad, vol. 23, nos. 7~10, p. 26 (128), pl. 8, figs. 30-38.
Pontocypgella harrisiana (Jones)—-Howe and Laurencich,
1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,

pp. 462—463, text-fig. p. 463.

130

Dimensions p£_figured specimen: Length 0.75 mm.. height

 

0.31 mm.

Occurrence ip_materia1 studied: Lowermost member of
Chalor Silli limestone—-rare at locality A3.
Types: Hypotype, one carapace, No. A3—49, from locality A?
Remarks: The holotype, which is also the type species of
the genus (Bairdia harrisiana Jones. 1849) was described
from Aptian beds of Lower Cretaceous. The Pakistani Spe-

cimens were collected from a bed which seems to be Ceno—

manian in age.

Subfamily PARACYPRIDINAE Sars, 1923
Genus Paracypris Sars, 1866
Type species: Paracypris_p91ita Sars, 1866, Forhandl.
Vidensk. Seleskab Christiana, vol. 7, p. 12.

Range: Jurassic to Recent.

Paracypgis dentonensis Alexander

Plate 5, figure 2a-b

Paracypris dentonensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 65, pl. 4, figs. 1, 4.--Howe and Lau-
rencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous

Ostracoda, p. 447, text—fig. p. 447.

131

Dimensions g; figured specimen: Length 0.90 mm., height
0.43 mm., width 0.28 mm.
Occurrence ipoaterial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

abundant at locality A3, rare at locality 82; Tsukail—Tsuk

1imestone--rare at locality Gl'
Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3-50, from locality

A one carapace, No. 82-13, from locality B one com-

3'
plete shell, No. G1-l7, from locality G

2!
1'
Remarks: The present specimens are a little higher than

the holotype and thus the height of these forms is about

half the shell length.

Paracypris tenuicula Alexander
Plate 5, figure 3a~b
Paracypris pplchella Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull.
no. 2907, pp. 66-67, pl. 4, fig. 2, 8.--Albritton, 1941,
Field and Lab., Dallas, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 49.
Paracypris tenuicula Alexander, new name in Loetterle,
1937, p. 52, pl. 8, fig. 7a-b.

Dimensions 9; figured specimen: Length 0.94 mm., height
0.39 mm., width 0.25 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

 

rare at localities A3 and E.

132

Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. A3~51, from locality

A one carapace, No. E-l7, from locality E.

3'
Remarks: The present forms are thinner or more compressed

than the holotype.

Paracypgis gpodlandensis Howe and Laurencich

Plate 5, figure 4a-b

Paracypris siligua Jones and Hinde.--Alexander, 1929,

Univ. of Texas, Bull. no. 2907, p. 64, pl. 3, figs. ll, 13.
Paracypris goodlandensis Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Intro-
duction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 448, text-
fig. p. 448.--Swain and Brown, 1964, North Carolina Dept.
Cons. Dev., Div. Mineral Res., Bull. no. 78, pp. 13-14,

pl. 1, fig. 7a-c.

Dimensions pj_figured specimen: Length 1.10 mm., height
0.37 mm., width 0.18 mm.

Occuprence ip_materia1 gpudied: Chalor Silli limestone—-

rare at localities B and E.

common at locality A3, 2

Types: Homoetypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-52, from

locality A one carapace, No. 82—14, from locality B

3' 2'

one shell, No. E-l8, from locality E.

Remarks: The present specimens were compared with the

types of Swain and Brown , 1964, and it was found that

133

these forms are somewhat larger than those and the holo-
type of Howe and Laurencich (1958): also these specimens

have the anterior end slightly narrowly rounded.

Paracypris sp. aff. g, angusta Alexander

Plate 5, figure 5a-b

Eggacypris angusta Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull.
no. 2907, p. 67, pl. 4, figs. 3, 7.——Howe and Laurencich,
1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,
p. 446, text-fig. p. 446.

? Paracypris aff. g, angusta Alexander.--Swain, 1948,
Maryland Dept. Geol., Mines and Water Res., Bull. no. 2,
p. 192, pl. 12, fig. 6.

Paracypris cf. 3. angusta Alexander.--Swain and Brown,
1964, North Carolina Dept. Cons., Dev. Div. Min. Res.,
Bull. no. 78, p. 15, pl. 4, fig. 2a-b.

Dimensions pj_fiqured specimen: Length 0.87 mm., height
0.38 mm., width 0.21 mm.

Occurrence gp_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at localities A3 and B2.

Typgg: Homoeotypes, one carapace, No. A3-53, from lo-

cality A3, one carapace, No. B2-15, from locality B2.

134

Remarks: The present forms are a little larger than the
holotype. These are also somewhat weathered and dis-
torted. Moreover, there were only three specimens avail-

able for study. Therefore the classification is tentative.

Paracypris weatherfordensis Vanderpool

Plate 5, figure 6

Paracypris weatherfordensi§_Vanderpool, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 2, p. 104, pl. 14, figs. 11-12.—-Howe and Laurencich,
1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,
p. 451, text-fig. p. 451.--Swain and Brown, 1964, North
Carolina Dept. Cons. Dev., Div. Min. Res., Bull. no. 78,
pp. 14-15, pl. 4, fig. la-b.

Dimensions 9; figured specimen: Length 0.83 mm., height
0.36 mm., width 0.26 mm.

Occurrence ip_materia1 studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality A rare at locality B

3' 2'

Types: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace, No. A3-54,

from locality A3; one carapace, No. 82-16, from 10-

cality B2.
Remarks: The ventral margin of the present specimens is

slightly more concave than the type of Swain and Brown,

1964, with which these forms were compared.

135

Paracypris acuta (Cornuel)

Plate 5, figure 7a—b

Cythere acuta Cornuel, 1848, Soc. Géol. de France, Mém.,
ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 242, p1.1, figs. 7—8.

Not-egythere acuta Baird, 1850, Roy. Soc. London, p. 173,
pl. 21, fig. 5.

Not--Qythere (Bairdia?) ggppg Jones, 1850, Ann. Mag., Nat.
Hist., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 63, pl. 18, fig. 10 (Permian).
Not—-Paracypri§ acuta Sharapova, 1939, Leningrad: Vses.
neft. nauch. geologo. inst., Trudy, ser. A, Fascicle 126,
p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Paracypris gppEg Stchepinsky, 1954, Bull. Soc. Geol.
France, ser. 6, vol. 4, p. 488, pl. 22, fig. 7, text—pl. 1,
fig. 7.——Deroo, 1956, Revue d. 1‘Inst..Francais du Petr.
et Ann. d. Combus. Liquides, vol. 11, no. 12, p. 1509, pl.
4, figs. 49-50.--Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction
to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda, pp. 445-446, text—
figs. p. 446.

Dimension§_g£_figured ppecimen: Length 0.67 mm., height
0L23 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

 

rare at locality E, Tsukail-Tsuk limestone——rare at lo—

cality Gl'

 

 

136

Types: Hypotypes, one carapace, No. E-19, from locality
E: one carapace, No. G1-18, from locality 61'
Remarks: The posterior end of the present specimens is
narrower and more pointed than the holotype, and the ven-
tral margin is slightly more concave. The specimen No.
Gil—18 has doubtful stratigraphic position like Bairdia sp.
aff. B. gracilis Alexander (p. 107). The samples contain-
ing these specimens had a number that belongs to the Lower
Cretaceous Khadimakh formation (sandstone) but the lith-
ology of the samples is limestone, similar to the Tsukail-
Tsuk limestone, the upper member of the Upper Cretaceous
Darsamand limestone. Other specimens were collected at
locality E from the outcrops of the Chalor Silli limestone,
the lower member of the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand 1ime-
Stone. This species has so far been reported from the
LOWer Cretaceous (Hauteriviam-Aptian) rocks of France.
The comments made for Bairdia sp. aff. B. gracilis Alex-
ander (p. 107) is applicable to this species also since
bOth the species were found in the same samples that were
wrongly numbered and also in rightly numbered samples

Con-ected from the Upper Cretaceous rocks exposed at

300ther locality (locality E) .

137

Paracypris depressa Bonnema

Plate 5, figure 8

Paracyprig depressa Bonnema, 1940—1941, Natuurhist.
Maandblad, vol. 27, p. 115, pl. 3, figs. 30-31.--Howe

and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cre-
taceous Ostracoda, pp. 447-448, text-fig. p. 448.
Dimensions pf figured specimen: Length 0.92 mm., height
0.36 mm.

Occurgence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality A3.
Typgg: Hypotype, one carapace, No. A3-55, from locality A3.
Remarks: The present forms are slightly smaller than the

holotype, and the posterior end is somewhat more pointed

and the anterior end is a little higher than the holotype.

Paracypris siligua Jones and Hinde

Plate 5, figure 9

Paracypris siligua Jones and Hinde, 1890, Palaentogr. Soc.
London, vol. 43, p. 2, pl. 2, figs. 48-49, 51: pl. 3,
figs. 33-34.

? Paracypris siligua Chapman and Sherborn, 1893, Geol.

Mag., Decade III, vol. X, p. 346.

 

A—dfilill II

’-
I

138

? Eggacypris siligua Chapman, 1898, Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, vol. 2, p. 332.

Not-—Paracypris siligpa Egger, 1900, Bayerischen Akad.,
Wiss., Abh. math-phys. Classe, vol. 21, p. 179, pl. 27,
figs. l6—l7.--Chapman, 1917, Western Australia Geol. Sur-
vey, Bull. no. 72, p. 52, pl. 13, fig. l.--A1exander,
1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull. no. 2907, p. 65, pl. 3, figs.
7, 10; pl. 4, fig. 5.--Weber, 1935, Nieder. Geol. Verein,
Hanover, 26, Jahr. 1934/1935, p. 140, pl. 8, fig. 6.
Paracypris siligua Dupper, 1952, Palaont. Zeitschr.,
Stuffgart, vol. 26, p. 106, pl. 4, fig. 27.--Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, p. 450, text—fig. p. 450.

Dimensions 9; figured specimen: Length 0.93 mm., height

 

0.35 mm.

chpgrence ;p_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality E.

Typgg: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. E-20, from
locality E.

Remarks: Angulations on both the ends of the straight
hinge line of the present forms are much more distinct

than the holotype and the posterior end is slightly

thicker.

139

Paracypris sp. aff. 2, limburggp§i§_Veen

Plate 5, figure 10

Bairdia arcuata Bosquet, 1854§J Comm. pour la desc. et

la carte géol. de la Neerlande, Mém. vol. 2, p. 59 (69),
pl. 5, fig. 3a-d.--Bosquet in Staring, 1860, De Bodem Van
Nederland, p. 364.--Bosquet in Ubaghs, 1879, Description
Géologique et Paleontologique du sol du Lindbourg, p. 200.
Paracyprig limbuggensis Veen, 1934, Natuurhist. Maandblad,
vol. 23, p. 89, pl. 1, figs. 8-10.-—Howe and Laurencich,
1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Ostracoda,

p. 449, text-fig. p. 449.

Paracypris aff. limburqensis Veen.--van den Bold, 1946,
Univ. of Utrecht, Thesis, p. 65, pl. 4, fig. 1.--van den
Bold, 19573, Micropaleontology, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 5, pl. 2,
fig. 11.

Dimensions pf figured ppecimen: Length 1.00 mm., height
0.37 mm.

Occpggence i___aterial studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
common at locality E: Tsukail-Tsuk limestone--common at
locality Gl'
Typgp; Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. E-21, from

locality E; one carapace, No. Gl-19, from locality Gl'

140

Remarks: The present specimens, though possess the spe-
cific characteristics prescribed by Veen (1934) for gagg-
cypris limburqensis, are too narrow. The length-height
ratio of the holotype is 2.27 whereas that of the present
forms is 2.70. Therefore the classification of these

forms is tentative.

Paracypris frapgpesi Howe and Chambers

Plate 5, figure lla-b

Paracypris franquesi Howe and Chambers, 1935, Dept. Cons.,
Louisiana Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 5, pp. 10—11, pl. III,
fig. 13; p1. IV, figs. 15—19.--Garrett, 1936, Jour. Pal-
eontol., vol. 10, no. 8, p. 786.--Monsour, 1937, Amer.
Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Bull. no. 21, no. 1, p. 89.--van
den Bold, 1946, Univ. of Utrecht, Thesis, p. 66, pl. 1,
fig. 16.--Stephenson, 1946, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 13,
no. 6, p. 309, pl. 42, fig. 4: pl. 44, fig. 11.--van den
Bold, 1950, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 24, no. 1, p. 108.--
Krutak, 1961, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 35, no. 4, p. 774,
pl. 92, fig. 1.

Pargypris sprecca Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontol., vol.

22, no. 4, p. 408, pl. 63, figs. 21-22.

141

Paracypris cf. 3. frangpesi Swain, 1951, U.S. Geol. Sur-
vey, Prof. Paper 234—A, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.82 mm., height
0.34 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Mulla Bata limestone--
rare at locality L.

Typgg: Hypotype, one carapace, No. L-ll, from locality L.
Remarks: All the characteristic features assigned to the
species Paracypris frapguesi Howe and Chambers were ob-
served in the present forms except the ventral margin

which in these specimens is slightly more curved.

Paragypgis communis van den Bold

Plate 5, figure lZa-b

Paracypgis communis van den Bold, 1946, Univ. of Utrecht,
Thesis, p. 66, pl. 2, fig. ll.--van den Bold, 19573, Mi—
cropaleontology, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 5, pl. 2, fig. lZa—b.
Dimensigpg pf figured ppecimen: Length 0.76 mm., height
0.37 mm., width 0.31 mm.

chpprence ip_gpterial studied: Mulla Bata limestone--
rare at locality L.

Type: Hypotype, one carapace, No. L—12, from locality L.

142

Remarks: The present forms are slightly different from
the holotype in being a bit larger and thicker. The holo-
type is much more compressed compared to the present spe-
cimens. Other specific characteristic features conform

with those of Paracypris communis van den Bold. 1946.

 

Paracypris stolki van den Bold

Plate 5, figure l3a-b

Paracypris stolki van den Bold, 1958, Micropaleontology,
vol. 4, no. 4, p. 397, pl. 2, fig. la-b.

Dimensions 92 figured specimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.41 mm., width 0.26 mm.

Occppgence ip_material studied: Base of Lockhart 1ime-
stone-—common at locality Al: Mulla Bata limestone--
common at locality L.

Typgg: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A1414, from

locality A one carapace, No. L-13, from locality L.

1'
Remarks: The present forms are slightly larger and higher

than the holotype but have the same width; other diagnos-

tic characteristics are identical.

143

Family PONTOCYPRIDIDAE Miiller, 1894
Genus Propontocyprig Sylvaster-Bradley, 1947

Typ :species: Pontocypris trigonella Sars, 1866, For-
handl. Vidensk. Selskab Christiania, vol. 7, p. 16.

Range: Miocene to Recent.

Propontogypris sp. aff. g. spligg Ruggieri

Plate 5, figure l4a-c

Propontocypris solida Ruggieri, 1952, Giron Geol.,
Bologna, ser. 2, vol. 22 (1950), p. 91, pl. 8, figs. 1-5.
Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.72 mm., height
0.38 mm., width 0.34 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Limestone cap of Tarkhobi

shale—~rare at locality Al; Lockhart limestone--rare at

localities A1. D1, F, H2; Shakalai shaleu-rare at 10-

cality N.
Types: Hypotypes, one weathered carapace, No. A1-15, from

the Tarkhobi shale at locality A a good carapace, No.

17

A1-16, from the Lockhart limestone at locality A - one

1!
complete shell, No. Dl-3, from locality D1; a carapace,
No. F-3, from locality F; one complete shell, No. H2-2,

from locality H : one carapace, No. N-8, from locality N.

2

144

Remarks: The external diagnostic features of PrOponto-
cypris solida Ruggieri are clearly observed in most of
the present specimens. But since there was no single
valve available to examine the internal features these
forms are tentatively assigned to Prppontocypris solida

Ruggieri, 1952.

Suborder PLATYCOPINA Sars, 1866

Family CYTHERELLIDAE Sars, 1866

Genus Cytherella Jones, 1849
Type species: Cytherina ovata Roemer, 1840, Die Verst.
des nord deutsch. Kreide, Hanover, Germany, p. 104, pl.
16, fig. 21; designated by Ulrich, 1894, Minnesota Geol.
Nat. Hist. Surv. Rept., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 684.

Range: Jurassic to Recent.

Cytherella beyrichi (Reuss)

Plate 6, figure la-b

Cythepina beyrichi Reuss, 1851, Zeitsch. deut. geol. Ges.,
vol. 3, p. 89, pl. 7, fig. 65.

Cytherella beyrichi (Reuss)—-Bornemann, 1855, Zeitschr.

deut. geol. Ges., vol. 7, p. 354, pl. 20, fig. l.--Kuiper,

145

1918, Thesis, Univ. of Groningen, p. 81, pl. 3, fig. 34.--
Keij, 1957, Inst. Roy. des Sci. Nat. de Belg., Mem. no.
136, p. 45, pl. 1, figs. 8-9.

Not--Cythere11a beyrichi (Reuss)-—Schmidt, 1948, Jour.
Paleontol., vol. 22, p. 406, pl. 61, fig. 2.

Dimensions p§_fiqured specimens: Female--length 0.75 mm.,
height 0.41 mm., Male--1ength 0.75 mm., height 0.39 mm.
Occpggence ip material studied: Upper part of Shakalai
shale—-rare at locality N.

Typgs: Hypotypes, one complete carapace of a male, No.
N-9, from locality N; one single right valve of a female,
No. N-lO, from locality N.

Remarks: The present forms of this Species are somewhat
variable in outline and punctation. The males are lower
and more elongated than the females. The dorsal margin
of the males often slopes gradually toward the posterior

end which is less broadly rounded in the female.

Cytherella beyrichoides Swain and Brown
Plate 6, figure 2
Cytherella beyrichi (Reuss).-—Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Pal-

eontol., vol. 22, p. 406, pl. 61, fig. 2.

146

Cytherella beyrichoides Swain and Brown, 1964, North
Carolina Dept. Cons. Dev. Div., Miner. Res., Bull. no.
78, pp. 8-9, pl. 1, fig. 1, text-fig. 3a.

Dimensions prfigpred specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.38 mm., width 0.23 mm.

Occpprence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

rare at localities A , D E, H

3 2' 1'
Types: Homoeotypes, one carapace, No. A3-56, from 10-
cality A

one carapace, No. D2-18, from locality D one

3' 2'
complete shell, No. E-22, from locality B, one shell, No.
Hl—ll, from locality H1.
Remarks: Compared to the paratypes of Swain and Brown

(1964) the present forms are slightly smaller.

Cytherella sp. aff. Q, polita Brady

Plate 6, figure 3a-b

Cytherella polita Brady, 1869, Les fonds de la mer, vol.

1, p. 161, pl. 19, figs. 5-7.—-Mflller, 1912, Das Tierreich,
p. 396.-—van den Bold, 1957p, Micropaleontology, vol. 3,
no. 3, p. 235, pl. 1, fig. 2a—b.

? Cytherella polita Brady.—-Guppy, 1893, Trinidad Field

Nat. C1Ub, Jour., vol. 1, p. 28.--Guppy. 1903, Victoria

147

Inst. Trinidad, Proc., vol. 2, p. 2.--Chapman, 1926, New
Zealand, Geol. Survey, Pal. Bull. no. 11, p. 105, pl. 22,
fig. 12.

Not--Qyths£ella pplita Brady.--Brady, 1880, Rept. Voy.
Challenger, 2001., vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 172, pl. 43, fig.
Sa-c: pl. 44, fig. la-g.—-Chapman, 1916, Victoria, Geol.
Survey, Rec., vol. 3, p. 379, pl. 75, fig. 45.-—van den
Bold, 1946, Univ. of Utrecht, Thesis, p. 60, pl. 3, fig.
2a-e.

Qythsgglla sp. van den Bold, 1950, Jour. Paleontol., vol.
24, p. 80, pl. 18, fig. la-e.

? Cytherella lata Brady.--Keij, 1954, K. Nederl. Akad.
Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Verh., ser. 1, vol. 20, p. 218,
pl. 3, fig. 6a-b.

gytherella polita Brady, var.--van den Bold, 1966, Migpp-
paleontology, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 361, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.53 mm., height
0.35 mm., with 0.24 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Shakalai shale--rare at
locality N.

‘Typgs: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. N—ll, from

locality N.

148

Remarks: Only four specimens were available for study
and they are partially weathered. The observed external

features are suggestive of Cytherella polita Brady.

Cytherella symmetrica Alexander

Plate 6, figure 4a-b

Cytherella syppetrica Alexander, 1934p, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 8, no. 2, p. 212, pl. 32, figs. 9, 13.

Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.80 mm., height
0.47 mm., width 0.37 mm.

Occurrence g__psteria1 studied: Base of Lockhart lime-
stone--rare at locality F.

gypss: Hypotype, one carapace, No. F-4, from locality F.
Remarks: The flange on the anterior border of the left

valve of the present forms is more or less like a blunt

spine rather than a rim, probably due to weathering.

Cypherella pustulosa Keij

Plate 6, figure Sa-c
Cypherella pustulosa Keij, 1957, Inst. Roy. des Sci. Nat.

de Belg., Mém. no. 136, p. 46, pl. 1, figs. 5-6.

149

Dimensions p§_figured specimens: Female--1ength 0.86 mm.,
height 0.43 mm., width 0.21 mm.; Male--1ength 0.81 mm.,
height 0.41 mm., width 0.20 mm.

Occurrence ipflpaterial studied: Shakalai shale-—rare at
locality N.

‘Eypggz Hypotypes, one female carapace, No. N-12a, and
one male carapace, No. N-12b, from locality N.

Remarks: The following diagnostic features were observed
in the present specimens--elongate shape of the carapace,
subtruncate posterior, marked muscle-scar pit, faintly

reticulated surface.

Cytherella austinensis_A1exander

Plate 6, figure 6a-b

Qytherella obesa Alexander (not--Jones and Kirkby, 1884),
1929, Univ. of Texas, Bull. no. 2907, p. 51, pl. 1, figs.
3, 6 (female, £1g§_Howe and Laurencich, 1958, p. 244).
Cypherella austinensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 51, pl. 2, figs. 4, 6 (male, gigs
Howe and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of
Cretaceous Ostracoda, p. 244, text-fig. p. 244).--Swain

and Brown, 1964, North Carolina Dept. Cons. Dev., Div.

Sine:

150

Miner. Res., Bull. no. 78, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 2a-d.--Howe
and Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Creta-
ceous Ostracoda, pp. 244-245, text-figs. p. 245.
Cytherella bullata Alexander, 1932, Amer. Midland Nat.,
vol. 13, p. 305, pl. 28, figs. 3, 4 (new name for Q. gpgsg
Alexander, not Jones and Hinde).--Loetter1e, 1937, Nebr.
Geol. Surv., 2nd. Sec., Bull. no. 12, p. 50, pl. 8, fig.
4a—b.--Shaver, 1953, Jour. Paleontol., vol. 27, pp. 471-
480, 3 figs.—-Albritton, 1941, Field and Lab., Dallas,
vol. 10, no. 1, p. 49.

? Cythegslla sp. Schmidt, 1948, Jour. Paleontol. vol. 22,
p. 406, pl. 61, figs. 4-6.

Cypherella cf. 9, ppsss_A1exander, ——Swain, 1952, U.S.
Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 234-B, p. 68, pl. 8, fig. 2.
Dimensions p§_fiqured specimen: Length 0.94 mm., height
0.50 mm., width 0.38 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality E.

Typgs: Homoeotype, one complete carapace, No. E-23, from
locality E.

Remarks: The present forms were compared with the types
of Swain and Brown (1964). The Pakistani specimens are

larger in size than all the specimens reported so far.

151

Cypherella sylveginica Howe and Law

Plate 6, figure 7a-b

Cypherella sylverinica Howe and Law, 1936, Louisiana Dept.
Cons., Geol. Bull. no. 7, p. 18, pl. 1, figs. 12-13.--van
den Bold, 1958, MicrOpaleontology, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 394,
pl. 1, fig. la-b.

Dimensions p£_figured specimen: Length 1.0 mm., height
0.53 mm., width 0.40 mm.

Occurrence ip_paterial studied: Lowermost Lockhart 1ime-

stone--rare at localities A , F, H

1 2'

Types: Hypotypes, one complete carapace, No. A1-17, from

locality A : one shell, No. F-S, from locality F: one

1
carapace, No. H2-3, from locality H2.
Remarks: In edge view the anterior of the present forms
is more compressed than the holotype and the specimens

described and figured by van den Bold (1958, p. 394, pl.

1, fig. lb).

Cytherella ovata n. sp.

Plate 10, figure 2a—b
Etypology: ovata (L) egg-shaped, referring to the general

shape of the carapace.

caster

height

3.
193; c
(7:? .'

152

Distinguishing characteristics: Qytherella ovata n. sp.
is characterized by having the compressed anterior half
of the carapace: by possessing an ala-type ridge on the
posteroventral one—third of each valve; and by having the
height and thickness of the carapace same, each being
exactly half of the shell length.

Description: In side view the carapace almost perfect
oval: highest in middle; dorsal margin moderately and
evenly convex downward; both anterior and posterior ends
broadly rounded, posterior end being slightly narrow.
Right valve larger than the left valve and overlaps the
left on all sides with the greatest overlap along dorsal
margin, less so along the ventral margin and the least
overlaps on the anterior and posterior ends. In dorsal
view the carapace oblong-ovate, widest in the posteroven-
tral one-third: anterior end fairly compressed, posterior
end inflated. Surface smooth. Hingement typical of the
genus. Sexual dimorphism not apparent.

Comparison: Qytherella ovata n. sp. resembles Cytherella
ovoidea Alexander, 1929, in general shape and size but
differs from it in having a low ridge or ala on the swell-

ing of each valve in the posteroventral one-third due to

I

“'7‘:
it-

F:\ .‘Id
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r1 .. .n :1. «J .1 ‘fiu ac mg no :4
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5 . L." 11 ml. .9. Du h.“ r1» as I .75

~IOV1
Lical

D

153

which the posterior one-third of the ventral surface of
the carapace is wide and flat. A faint depression is
present just over the low ridge. Cytherella ovata dif-
fers from all other species of the genus in having the
height and width exactly same each being half the shell
length. This measurement is consistent in all the 23
well—preserved specimens studied in the present collec-
tion.

Dimensipps_pj holotype: Length 0.76 mm., height 0.38 mm.,
width 0.38 mm.

Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--

common at locality H rare at locality E.

1'

Typs locality: Chalor Silli limestone, Locality H Thal-

1.
Khadimakh outcrop area, Kohat District, Northwest Frontier
Province, West Pakistan.

Type level: Upper Cretaceous.

Types: Holotype, one complete carapace, No. Hl—12, from
locality H1: paratypes, one carapace, No. Hl-13, from
locality H1, a complete carapace, No. E-24, from 10-
cality E.

154

Cytherella comanchensis Alexander

Plate 6, figure 8a-b

Cytherella comanchensis Alexander, 1929, Univ. of Texas,
Bull. no. 2907, p. 49, pl. 1, figs. 7—8 (female).
Cytherella obovata Alexander (not--Jones and Hinde), 1929,
Univ. of Texas, Bull. no. 2907, p. 49, pl. 2, figs. 5, 9
(male).

Cypherella pppanchensis Alexander, 1932, Amer. Midland
Nat., vol. 13, no. 5, p. 307, pl. 28, figs. 5—6.-—Lozo,
1951, Fondern Sci. ser. no. 4, p. 81.--Howe and Lauren-
cich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Os-
tracoda, pp. 245—246, text-figs. p. 246.

Dimensions‘gf figured specimen: Length 0.75 mm., height
0.44 mm., width 0.32 mm.

Occurrence ip_materia1 studied: Chalor Silli limestone——
rare at locality Gl'
Typgs: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. Gl-20, from
locality 61'
Remarks: The present specimens are somewhat larger than
the reported specimens. Other characteristics are same

as described by Alexander (1929) and Howe and Laurencich

(1958).

--'.
51-29:

\
Ivar n

;V
..cm 1

":
939 a

155

Genus_§ytherelloidea Alexander
Type species: Cythere (Cytherella) williamsoniana Jones,
1849, Palaentogr. Soc. London, p. 31, pl. 7, fig. 26a-i.

Range: Lower Jurassic to Recent.

Cytherellpides ozanana Sexton

Plate 10, figure 3

Cypherelloides ozanana Sexton, 1951, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 25, p. 812, pl. 117, figs. 3, 6.--Howe and Lauren-
cich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous Os—
tracoda, pp. 267-268, text—fig. p. 268.-—Crane, 1965,
Micropaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 240, pl. 9, fig.
8a-c.

Dimensions 2; figured specimen: Length 0.59 mm., height
0.34 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at locality E.

IXE§§= Hypotype, one complete female carapace, No. E-25,
from locality E.

Remarks: There was one beautifully preserved female cara—
pace and one single valve available for study. The spe-
cimens displayed the diagnostic characteristics of the

Species without doubt.

C

a

vol .

0.26

T
J
a.

n
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J

10

q
Q

S+‘

ft}

A
V

156

Cytherelloidea sp. aff. g, triebeli Munsey

Plate 10, figure 4

Cytherelloidea triebeli Munsey, 1953, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 27, no. 1, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.41 mm., height
0.26 mm.

Occupreggs.ip material studied: Tarkhobi shale--rare at
locality A1.
Typgs: Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. Al-18, from
locality Al.
Remarks: Only two good specimesn were available for

study. The classification is tentative because the size

of these specimens is quite small.

Qytherslloidea crafti Sexton

Plate 10, figure 5

Cypherelloidea crafti Sexton, 1951, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 25, no. 6, p. 813, pl. 117, figs. 7—10.--Howe and
Laurencich, 1958, Introduction to the Study of Cretaceous
Ostracoda, pp. 262-263, text—fig. p. 263.—-Crane, 1965,
MicrOpaleontology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 242-244, pl. 9,

fig. 4a-b.

-cun:

Rh“?
p
:rom

\u

A
‘wV“

 

CCUIE

‘

q .

SIC;

and 1

157

Cytherelloidea greenensis Brown, 1957, North Carolina,
Div. Miner. Res., Bull. no. 70, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 22-23.
Dimensions g; figured_specimen: Length 0.68 mm., height
0.43 mm.

Occuprence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone--
rare at localities E and H1.

Typgs: Homoeotypes, one complete carapace, No. E-26,
from locality E: one carapace, No. Hl-20, from locality H1.
Remarks: Although there were only two good specimens
available for study, by comparing with the types of Brown
(1957) in the reference collections of Dr. Swain it was
found that these specimens are conspecific. Brown, of
course, called his specimens Cytherslloidea greenensis

which Crane (1965) thought to be identical to Q, crafti

and the present writer agrees with Crane.

Cypherelloidea sp. aff. Q, umbonata Edwards

Plate 10, figure 6

Cythersllpidea umbonata Edwards, 1944, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 18, no. 6, p. 506, pl. 85, figs. 1-2.--van den Bold,
1946, Univ. of Utrecht, Thesis, p. 61, pl. 5, fig. 2a-b.--
Puri, 1953, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. no. 36, p. 303,

pl. 17. fig. 7.

locali

33's: v1:
~‘e...‘u - .. ‘

\

cimens
were c

158

Cytherelloidea anderseni Sexton, 1951, Jour. Paleontol.,
vol. 25, no. 6, p. 815, pl. 117, fig. 17.

ElEEE‘ Hypotype, one complete carapace, No. A1-19, from
locality A1.
Remarks: The surface reticulations of the present spe-
cimens are faint probably because of weathering. There
were only two specimens available for investigation and

the recognizable features are those that are prescribed

for Cypherelloidea pmbonata Edwards, 1944.

Cypherelloidea sp. A

Plate 10, figure 7

Description: Shell elongate-ovate, medium size; marginal
rim sharp, most prominent on anterior and posterior mar-
gins: on dorsal and ventral borders the rim fades but

does not disappear: dorsal margin straight, ventral margin
slightly concave behind middle: both anterior and posterior
ends broadly rounded, posterior end being slightly nar-
rower than anterior. A crescent-shaped ridge present at
the middle half of each valve. The ridge concave upward;

a shallow depression just above the ridge in the con-

cavity.

Dimen
0.25

fl
NW

Unbu-

.V) '

159

 

Dimensions pi figured specimen: Length 0.63 mm., height
0.25 mm.

Occurrence ip_material studied: Chalor Silli limestone~~

 

rare at locality A3.
Specimens: One complete carapace, No. A3-57, from lo-
cality A3.
Remarks: Only one well-preserved complete carapace was
obtained from the present collections. No described

species of the genus seem to have the shape and ornamen-

tation of the present form.

Cytherelloidea sp. B

Plate 10, figure 8

Description: Carapace subquadrate to ovate; anterior end
broadly rounded with a very slight truncation; posterior
end obliquely truncated and narrowly rounded. Marginal
rim with sharp crest extends all around the valves. A
crescent-shaped ridge on each valve, concave upward, in
the middle half of the valves. A subcentral shallow
depression above the ridge. Anterodorsal and postero-

ventral corners little projected out. Surface smooth.

160

Dimensions p§_figured specimen: Length 0.50 mm., height
0.31 mm.
Occurrence ip material studied: Chalor Silli limestone-—
rare at localities A3 and E.
Specimens: One complete carapace, No. A3-58, from 10-
cality A3; one carapace, No. E~27, from locality E.
Remarks: Only two well—preserved carapaces were avail-
able for study. External features are identical to those
of the genus Qytherelloidea but the specific character~
istics of the present specimens do not match with any
described species.

The difference between gytherelloidea sp. A and
Cythersilpidea sp. B is that the former is elongated and

narrow whereas the latter is short and high, and is more

quadrate than ovate.

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The samples of the present study were collected
from 30 outcrOp localities where rocks of Jurassic, Cre-
taceous and Tertiary ages are eXposed. Samples from
several localities did not reveal any microfossils what-
soever. Some samples contained badly weathered and dis-
torted ostracods which could not be identified even as
to genus. On the other hand, samples from other 10-

calities revealed well-preserved ostracods in good

numbers.
Samples that contained ostracods were collected

from localities Al' A3, B1' B2, D1, D

H J, L, M, N, and Q. Locality A where the Tertiary

2' 1'

formations of Hangu sandstone, Lockhart limestone, and
Tarkhobi shale are exposed, revealed Tertiary ostrcods
from Lockhart limestone and Takhobi shale. The lower
member of the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone,

Chalor Silli limestone, at locality A is by far the

3!
best locality for Upper Cretaceous ostracod faunas

164

studie
fossil
cality
mentio

limes:

165

studied. The major part of the Upper Cretaceous ostracod

fossils of the present study came from locality A3. Lo-

cality B has the exposures of all the three Tertiary beds

I
mentioned above but samples were collected only from the
limestone lens of Hangu sandstone and Lockhart limestone,
and no sample was collected from the topmost bed. Then

only the samples from Hangu sandstone contained some os-

tracods. At locality B both the members of the Upper

2
Cretaceous Darsamand limestone are exposed but samples
from the lower member (Chalor Silli limestone) only con-

tained ostracods. Locality D , with exposures of the

1
same Tertiary formations as the localities Al and B1 re-
vealed a few ostracods from Lockhart limestone and Tark-
hobi shale but none from Hangu sandstone. Samples col-

lected from locality D represent both the members of

2
the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone but only the
samples from Chalor Silli limestone revealed ostracods.
Locality E is another good place for Upper Cretaceous
ostracods. Though samples were collected from both the
upper and lower members of Darsamand limestone samples

from the lower member only contained ostracods. Samples

from locality F, where all the above-mentioned Tertiary

Crete
fess:

lccaj

166

beds are exposed, revealed very few specimens from Hangu
sandstone and Lockhart limestone. At locality 61 both
the members of Darsamand limestone and the Tertiary Hangu
sandstone are well-exposed. Samples from both the Upper
Cretaceous members contained well-preserved ostracod
fossils. Samples from Hangu sandstone collected at this
locality contained very badly weathered.specimens of
ostracods which are not identifiable. Locality Hl has
outcrops of both Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks. The
samples from the Lower Cretaceous rocks contained very
few badly distorted and broken ostracod shells. A few
ostracods were found in the samples collected from the
lower member of Darsamand limestone, but no specimens
were obtained from the upper member. At locality H2,
the Tertiary Hangu sandstone and Lockhart limestone are
exposed, and the samples from Lockhart limestone only
contained a few ostracods. At locality J, though both
Lower and Upper Cretaceous rocks are exposed, the samples
from Kurram formation only revealed some ostracods. Lo-
cality L has the outcrops of the Upper Cretaceous and

Tertiary rocks, but samples from the Tertiary beds only

contained ostracod fossils. Localities M and N have

167

outcrops of the Tertiary Mulla Bata limestone and Shak-
alai shale, respectively, and samples from both the for-
mations revealed well-preserved ostracods. Locality Q
has the Upper Cretaceous Tandora formation exposed.
Quite a few well—preserved ostracod carapaces were ob—
tained from samples collected from here. Some of the
ostracod carapaces found in the samples collected at
locality I are badly weathered and they all are reworked
specimens. Samples collected from other localities did
not reveal any ostracods.

The richest ostracod faunas of all the formations
are in the Chalor Silli limestone, the lower member of
the Upper Cretaceous Darsamand limestone, exposed at

localities A , B D E, 61' and H1. Tsukail-Tsuk lime—

3 2' 2'

stone, the upper member of Darsamand limestone, contains

well—preserved Upper Cretaceous ostracod faunas in good

numbers, but though it is exposed at localities A2, Bz,

D2, E, 61' and H1 and samples were collected from each

of these localities, samples from locality G only re—

1

vealed the fossils. The Upper Cretaceous Kurram forma-

tion exposed at localities I, J, K1' and K2 revealed a

few Upper Cretaceous ostracods only in the samples

168

collected at locality J. Samples of the formation from
other localities did not have any fossil content. The
Upper Cretaceous Tandora formation, exposed at localities
P and Q, revealed beautifully preserved ostracods, though
few in number, in the samples collected at locality Q
only.

Most of the Tertiary beds of the present study
area revealed good numbers of well-preserved ostracod
faunas. A few beds, of course, have a poor content of
ostracods. The only Tertiary bed that did not reveal
any ostracod is the Sangroba sandstone exposed at 10-

cality O. Hangu sandstone, exposed at localities A1,

Bl' D1, E, F, G1, and H2 revealed well-preserved ostracod

fossils in good numbers only from the limestone lens of

the formation exposed at locality B1 and the shale lens

exposed at locality F. Lockhart limestone, another Ter-
tiary formation, overlying Hangu sandstone crOps out at

D E, F, and H . It revealed well-

localities A , B 2

l 1' 1'

preserved ostracod faunas, not in great numbers, from

all localities except B1 and E. Tarkhobi shale, overly-

ing Lockhart limestone, is exposed at localities A1, 31'

D and F. It yeilded most of its ostracods in the

1'

169

samples collected at locality A very few from locality

10

D and none from the other two localities. The Tertiary

1.
Mulla Bata limestone, exposed at localities L and M, con—
tained a fair number of well-preserved Tertiary ostracods.
Another Tertiary bed that revealed good numbers of well-
preserved ostracods is Shakalai shale, exposed at 10-
cality N only.

The formations from which samples were collected,
which either did not contain any ostracod faunas or re-
vealed badly weathered, broken, or distorted unidentifi-
able shells, are those of the Jurassic and the Lower Cre-
taceous age.

In the present study 106 ostracod species and
subspecies have been identified, described, and illus-
trated. They all belong to the Order Podoc0pida and two
Suborders Podoc0pina and PlatyCOpina. They are distri-
buted among three superfamilies and 12 families repre-
senting 23 genera. Two-thirds of the species are Upper
Cretaceous and one-third are Tertiary in age. Out of

106 species and subspecies nine are new; of which six

are Upper Cretaceous and three are Tertiary.

170

The study of the ostracod faunas from Kohat Dis—
trict of West Paksitan revealed that the Upper Cretaceous
forms range from the lowermost Eaglefordian (Cenomanian)
to the uppermost Navarroan (Maestrichtian stage). Many
species were found to have a longer vertical range than
was known before. Few species that so far have been re-
ported elsewhere only from the upper stages of Lower
Cretaceous (Aptian—Albian) rocks have been found in the
lower part of the Chalor Silli limestone together with
Upper Cretaceous Species.

Darsamand limestone is unquestionably Upper Cre-
taceous in age. But it could not be subdivided into
stages because there is not any sharp faunal break within
the formation. Lithologically the formation is divided
into Chalor Silli limestone and Tsukail-Tsuk limestone,
but paleontologically both belong to the same age since
both contain the same ostracod species.

There are six Tertiary formations exposed in the
study area. According to the Geological Survey of Pak-
istan all six formations belong to the Paleocene epoch.
But in the present study the ostracod faunas collected

from these formations were found to range from Paleocene

171

to Miocene. Actually, there were fewer Paleocene species
found in these formations than the Eocene, Oligocene, or
Miocene species.

Each formation of the Tertiary rocks in this area
revealed an entirely different group of ostracod species.
In other words, Hangu sandstone contains a group of os-
tracod species which is different from the group found in
the overlying Lockhart limestone. Similarly, the group
in Tarkhobi shale is made up of species which were not
found either in Hangu sandstone or Lockhart limestone.
But each formation has at least one species which repre-
sents each of the four Tertiary epochs mentioned above.

From this observation, it appears that as the
lithology changed due to the change of depositional en-
vironment, a new group of ostracod species replaced the
former group and the second group in its turn was re-
placed by the third group as the environment changed
further. The time factor does not seem to be important
in this case because the new species belong to the same
age as the former group.

Many species of Shakalai shale are common to

Tarkhobi shale which may indicate that these two

172

formations were deposited under similar environmental
conditions and probably are correlatable. Similarly,
several species of ostracods are common to the Lockhart
and Mulla Bata limestones. So these two formations may
be correlatable.

Based on the vertical ranges of the Tertiary
ostracods described in this paper the Hangu sandstone
may be assigned to approximate lower Paleogene, Lockhart

limestone to upper Paleogene and Tarkhobi shale to lower

Neogene.

CHART OF CORRELATION OF THE PAKISTANI
OSTRACOD SPECIES WITH THE SPECIES REPORTED

FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD

In the present study there have been found 90
species and subspecies out of 106 already described from
different parts of the world. These 90 species and sub-

species have been correlated as follows:

U.S.A.--4l (Upper Cretaceous 35, Tertiary 6)

Germany--7 (Upper Cretaceous 6, Tertiary l)

Caribbean—-6 (all Tertiary)

France--4 (Upper Cretaceous 3, Tertiary l)

England-—3 (all Upper Cretaceous)

Netherland--3 (all Upper Cretaceous)

Belgium—-2 (both Tertiary)

Italy-~l (Tertiary)

South Africa--l (Upper Cretaceous)

Caspian Basin--l (Upper Cretaceous)

.A. and Caribbean--5 (Upper Cretaceous 2, Tertiary 3)

A. and England--2 (both Upper Cretaceous)

A. and Netherland—-2 (both Upper Cretaceous)

A., Caribbean, and Venezuela-—2 (both Tertiary)

A. and Germany--l (Upper Cretaceous)

A., England, Germany, France, Netherland, and Belgium
—-1 (Tertiary)

U.S.A., England, Germany, The Alps, and West Africa--l
(Upper Cretaceous)

Q

G<=C3C2C:d

.S
.S
.S
.S
.S
.S

173

174

France and Belgium-—l (Tertiary)

Netherland, Germany, and The Alps--l (Tertiary)

France, Germany, and Belgium—-l (Tertiary)

France, Germany, and Caribbean--l (Upper Cretaceous)

Germany, Netherland, and Belgium--l (Tertiary)

England, Caribbean, and India--l (Tertiary)

Caribbean, Venezuela, Columbia, Netherland, New Zealand,
and South Africa—-l (Upper Cretaceous)

The above chart shows that except for a very few
species all the Pakistani ostracod faunas are correlated
with American and EurOpean species. Forty—one of the
Pakistani species are correlated with the species re-
ported from the United States only; 24 species were re-
ported from the Tethys Sea provinces of southern and
southwestern Europe; 7 species have been reported commonly
from the United States and Europe, 6 species from the
Caribbean alone, 7 others from the United States and Car-
ibbean region, only one from South Africa, and one from
the Caspian Basin. One of the remaining four Species has
been reported from the United States, Europe, and West
Africa; the second one from the Caribbean and Europe;
the third one from the Caribbean, England, and South
India; and the fourth one from the Caribbean, northern

South America, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and South

Africa.

175

Considering the paleogeography of the present
study area and its geographic position during the Upper
Cretaceous and Tertiary times, most ostracod species from
West Pakistan should correlate with those that would come
from the land masses which emerged from the Tethyan Geo-
syncline, especially the areas adjacent to the present
study area (Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Cas-
pian Basin to the west and north, and Tibet and the Hima—
layan region to the east). The number of correlatable
species should decrease both east- and westward as we
move away from West Pakistan. To the east, the land
masses emerged from the Tethys Sea are Assam, Burma,
Thailand, Malaysia Indonesia, to Australia; to the west
the land masses are Iraq, Turkey, and all the present—day
Mediterranean countries to the British Isles. An arm of
the Tethys Sea stretched southward to connect it with
the Indian Ocean through the Arabian Sea. This arm must
have been an ideal means of distribution of the Tethyan
faunas of that time along the west coast of India, the
east coast of Africa--and particularly in Madagascar-~to
South Africa. The least correlation of the Pakistani

ostracod faunas of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary ages

176

should be expected with the new world species. But the
reverse has been found true in the present work. Among
the areas that should be expected to reveal the most
similar ostracod faunas to the study area, the Caspian
Basin and South India revealed one species each and South
Africa revealed two.

So, from the above discussion it can be stated
that the correlations of the ostracod faunas of the pres-
ent work is probably more literary than actual. Because
more studies have been done of ostracod faunas in America
and Europe and therefore, more literature is available
there. In most of the other areas no studies have been
made. From those few countries where studies have been
made, like USSR, South Africa and recently Madagascar,
adequate helpful literature is not available.

It will be a valuable study for future workers
of the present study area or of the neighboring areas
to try to find out the extent to which the Upper Creta-
ceous and Tertiary ostracod faunas of West Pakistan can
actually be correlated with those of East Africa in gen-

eral and Madagascar in particular.

177

It may be suggested for future workers of the
area that samples be collected from each lithologic unit
at regular intervals and special attention be paid in
collection when lithologic change is observed. Special
and extra collections should be made from the top and

the bottom of a bed.

Depository

All the Specimens of the present work are depos-
ited in the Paleontological Museum of the Geological

Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, West Pakistan.

PLATES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

184

PLATE 3

 

185
PLATE 7

 

 

187

PLATE 9

 

188

PLATE 10

 

EXPLANATIONS OF PLATES

Figure

1.

3.

4.

PLATE 1

Brachycythere ovata (Berry), Chalor Silli lime-
stone, locality A3, No. A3—l, X45.

a. Right vale view of the shell

b. Dorsal view of the shell
Braghygythere ledaforma (Israelsky), Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A , No. A3-4, X55.

3
a. Right valve view of the shell

b. Dorsal view of the shell

Braghycythere sp. aff. B, pseudovata Jennings,

Chalor Silli limestone, locality A No. A3-16,

3.
X57.
a. Right valve view of the shell
b. Dorsal view of the shell
Cuneocythere (Monsmirabilia) subovata Apostolescu
a. Right valve view of female carapace, Tark-

hobi shale, locality A No. Al-l, X73

1'

b. Dorsal view of the female carapace

190

191
Plate 1 (Cont.)

Figure
c. Right valve view of male carapace, lime-

stone lens of Hangu sandstone, locality B1,

NO. 81-30 X73 0

5. Cuneogythere (Monsmirabilia) triebeli Keij, Tark—

hobi shale, locality A , x75.

1
a. Left valve view of female carapace, No.
Al-Za.
b. Right valve view of male carapace, No.
Al-Zb.
6. Krithe sp. aff. 5, cushmani Alexander, Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A No. A3-l9, X37.

3'
a. Right valve view of shell

b. Dorsal view of shell

7. Schuleridea (Aeguacytheridea) perforata (Roemer).

Tarkhobi shale, locality 31' No. Bl—2, X37.

Left valve view of shell.

8. Cytheridea galgoburgensis Veen, Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A , No. A3-20, XAG.

3

Left valve view of shell

192
Plate 1 (Cont.)

Figure
9. Ovocytheridea gggg_Grekoff, Chalor Silli limestone,
locality A3, x79.
a. Right valve view of female carapace, No.
A3-22.

b. Dorsal view of the female carapace.

PLATE 2

l. Qvocythggideg gag; Grekoff, Chalor Silli limestone,
locality E, X70.
a. Right valve view of male carapace, No. E—6.
b. Dorsal view of the male carapace.

2. Xestgleberis ovata Bonnema, Chalor Silli limestone,

 

a. Right valve view of shell No. A3-3S, lo-

cality A , X48.

3
b. Left valve view of shell No. B2—8, local-

ity B2, X48.
3. Xestoleberis pergensi Veen, Chalor Silli limestone,

locality A X84.

3'

193
Plate 2 (Cont.)

Figure
a. Left valve view of shell, No. A3-36.
b. Dorsal view of the Shell
4. Xestoleberis 99in; Schmidt, Chalor Silli limestone,

locality B X91.

2.
a. Right valve view of shell, No. B2—10.
b. Dorsal view of the shell
5. Xestoleberis sp. aff. X. ant—er; Howe
a. Right valve view of shell, No. Al-B, base
of Lockhart limestone, locality A1, X61.
b. Left valve view of shell, No. L-3, Mulla
Bata limestone, locality L, X61.
c. Dorsal view of the shell.
6. Xestolebris ggbgggggig Puri
a. Right valve view of shell, No. Al-9, Lock-

hart limestone, locality A X48.

1!

b. Ventral view of the shell.

c. Left valve view of shell, No. L-4, Mulla
Bata limestone, locality L, X48.

d. Dorsal view of the shell.

194

Plate 2 (Cont.)

Figure

7.

1.

Xestoleberi§_marssoni Bonnema, Chalor Silli 1ime—
stone, locality B2, X52.

a. Right valve view of shell, No. BZ-ll.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

c. Posterior view of the shell.
Xestoleberis minuta Holden, Chalor Silli limestone,

locality G X92.

ll
a. Left valve view of shell, No. Gl-13.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

PLATE 3

Xestoleberis supplanta Veen, limestone member of
Tandora formation, locality Q, X70.

a. Right valve view of shell, No. Q-3.

b. Ventral view of the shell.

c. Dorsal view of the shell.

d. Posterior view of the shell.

195

Plate 3 (Cont.)

Figure

2.

BairdOppilata pseudoseptentrionalis Mertens,

Chalor Silli limestone, locality A X42.

3!
a. Left valve view of shell, No. A3—39.

b. Dorsal view of the Shell.
Bairdoppilata ? magna Alexander, Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A X77.

3'
Right valve view of shell, No. A3-40.

Bairdia harrisiana Jones, Chalor Silli limestone,

locality H X53.

1'
a. Right valve view of shell, No. H1-7.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.

Bairdia sp. aff. B. alexandrina Blake, Tsukail-

Tsuk limestone, locality G , X68.

1
Right valve view of shell, No. G1—l4.
Bairdia sp. aff. B. gracilis Alexander, Tsukail-

Tsuk limestone, locality G , X40.

1
a. Right valve View of shell, No. Gl-lS
b. Dorsal view of shell, No. Hl-B.

Bairdia sp. aff. B. 2§92£§,van den Bold, Upper

Shakalai shale, locality N, X77.

Right valve view of shell, No. N-6.

10.

11.

l.

196

Bairdia sp. aff. B, jonesi van den Bold, Upper
Shakalai shale, locality N, X36.

a. Right valve view of shell, No. N-7.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.
Bairdia machaquillaensis van den Bold, Lower

Lockhart limestone, locality A X74.

1'
Right valve view of shell, No. Al-lO.
Bairdia hiwanneensis Howe and Lea, Limestone lens

of Hangu sandstone, locality B X28.

ll
a. Right valve view of shell, No. Bl-ll.
b. Dorsal view of the Shell.

Bairdia oviformis Speyer, Mulla Bata limestone,

locality L, X52.

Left valve view of shell, No. L-8.

PLATE 4

Bairdia amygdaloides Brady var. oblongata van den

Bold, Mulla Bata limestone, locality L, X63.
a. Right valve view of shell, No. L-7.

b. Dorsal view of the Shell.

197

Plate 4 (Cont.)

Figure

2. Bairdia dimorpha van den Bold, Mulla Bata lime—

stone, locality L.
a. Left valve View of female carapace, No.

L-9a, X60.
b. Left valve view of male carapace, No. L—9b,

X60.

3. Bairdia comanchen§i§.Alexander, Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A X43.

3'
Right valve view of shell, No. A3—43.

4. Bairdia wauchulensi§_Swain, Base of Lockhart 1ime-

 

stone, locality A X24.

1'
Right valve view of shell, No. Al-l3.

5. .Bythocypri§_goodlandensi§,Alexander, Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A X55.

3!
a. Right valve view of shell, No. A3-44.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.

6. Macrocypris simplex Chapman, Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A , X38.

3
a. Left valve view of Shell, No. A3-45.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

198

Plate 4 (Cont.)

Figure

7.

10.

11.

Macrocypris sp. aff. M. limburqensis Veen, Chalor
Silli limestone, locality E, X37.

a. Right valve view of shell, No. E-l3.

b. End view of the shell.
Macrocypris dubia Bonnema, Chalor Silli limestone,

locality A X58.

3'
a. Right valve view of shell, No. A3-46.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.

Macrocypris qraysonensis Alexander, Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A X42.

3'
a. Left valve view of shell, A3-47.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.

Macrocypris modesta (Reuss), Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality D X52.

2'

Right valve view of shell, No. D2-l6
Macrocypris concinna Jones and Hinde, Chalor Silli
limestone, locality E, X60.

Right valve view of shell, No. E-lS.

199

Plate 4 (Cont.)

Figure
12. Pontocyprella rara Kaye, Chalor Silli limestone.
a. Left valve view of female carapace, No.

A3-48, locality A X56.

3!
b. Left valve view of male carapace, No.

82-12, locality B , X56.

2

c. Dorsal view of the female carapace, X57.

PLATE 5

l. Pontocyprella harrisiana (Jones), lower part of

Chalor Silli limestone, locality A X40.

3'
a. Left valve view of shell, No. A3—49.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.

2. Paracypris dentonensis Alexander, Tsukail-Tsuk

limestone, locality G X41.

1!
a. Right valve view of shell, No. Gl—l7.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.

3. Paracypris tenuicula Alexander, Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality E, X43.

200

Plate 5 (Cont.)

Figure
a. Right valve view of shell, No. E—l7.
b. Dorsal View of the shell.
4. Paracypri§_goodlandensi§_Howe and Laurencich.

Chalor Silli limestone, locality B X40.

2'
a. Right valve view of shell, No. B2-14.

b. Ventral view of the shell.

5. Paracypris sp. aff. g. angusta Alexander, Chalor

Silli limestone, locality B X36.

2!
a. Right valve view of shell, No. B2—15
b. Dorsal view of the Shell.

6. Paracypris weatherfordensis Vanderpool, Chalor

Silli limestone, locality A X52.

3'
Left valve view of Shell, No. A3-54.

7. Paracypris acuta (Cornuel), Tsukail-Tsuk limestone,

locality G X50.

1'
a. Left valve view of shell, No. Gl—18.
b. Dorsal view of shell, No. E-l9.

8. Paracypris depressa Bonnema, Chalor Silli 1ime-

stone, locality A X33.

3!
Left valve view of shell, No. A3—55.

201

Plate 5 (Cont.)

Figure

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Paracypris siligua Jones and Hinde, Chalor Silli
limestone, locality E, X39.
Left valve view of shell, No. E-ZO.

Paracypris sp. aff. g. limburqensis Veen, Tsukail-

 

Tsuk limestone, locality G X43.

1'
Left valve view of shell, No. Gl-l9.
Paracypris franquesi Howe and Chambers, Mulla Bata
limestone, locality L, X56.
a. Right valve View of shell, No. L-ll

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

Paracypris communis van den Bold, Mulla Bata lime-

 

stone, locality L, X47.

a. Right valve view of shell, No. L-12.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.
Paracypris stolki van den Bold, Base of Lockhart
limestone, locality A1.
a. Right valve view of shell, No. Al—l4, X86.

b. Dorsal view of the shell, X85.

202
Plate 5 (Cont.)

Figure

14. Propontocypris sp. aff. g, solida Ruggieri, Tark—

hobi shale, locality A X83.

1'
a. Left valve View of shell, No. Al—lS.
b. Dorsal View of the shell.

c. Posterior View of the shell.

PLATE 6

l. Cytherella beyrichi (Reuss), upper part of Shakalai

shale, locality N.
a. Exterior of a female valve, No. N-lO, X67.
b. Right valve view of male carapace, No. N-9,
X67.
2. Cytherella beyrichoide§_Swain and Brown, Chalor

Silli limestone, locality A X49.

3!
Left valve view of shell, No. A3—56.
3. (Cytherella sp. aff. Q, polita Brady, Shakalai
shale, locality N, X53.

a. Left valve view of shell, No. N—ll.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

203

Plate 6 (Cont.)

Figure

4.

6.

7.

Cytherella_§ymmetrica Alexander, base of Lockhart
limestone, locality F, X38.

a. Left valve view of shell, No. F—4.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

Cytherella Epstulosa Keij, Shakalai shale, lo-
cality N, X65.

a. Right valve view of female carapace, No.

N—lZa.
b. Right valve view of male carapace, No.
N-12b.

c. Dorsal view of male right valve.
Cytherella austinensis Alexander, Chalor Silli
limestone, locality E, X38.

a. Left valve view of shell, No. E-23.

b. Ventral view of the shell.

Cytherella sylverinica Howe and Law, lowermost

Lockhart limestone, locality A X43.

1'
a. Left valve view of shell, No. Al-l7.

b. Dorsal view of the shell.

204

Plate 6 (Cont.)

Figure
8. Cytherella comanchensis Alexander, Chalor Silli

limestone, locality G X37.

1!
a. Left valve view of shell, No. Gl-20.

b. Dorsal View of the shell.

PLATE 7

All figures X50

1. Brachycythere ovata vecarina Crane; Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A No. A3-3.

3!

Left valve view of shell.
2. Brachycythere ledaforma erugata Crane; Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A No. A3-5.

3!

Left valve view of shell.
3. Brachycythere ledaforma porosa Crane; Charlor Silli

limestone, locality A No. A3-6.

3!
a. Right valve view of shell.

b. Ventral view of the Shell.

205

Plate 7 (Cont.)

Figure
4. Brachycythere ledaforma leioventra n. subSp.;
Chalor Silli limestone, locality A3.
a. Right valve view of the holotype, female
carapace, No. A3-7.
b. Left valve view of a paratype, male cara-
pace, No. A3—9.
c. Ventral view of the holotype.
5. Brachycythere brevivalvula n. sp.; Chalor Silli
limestone, locality A3, holotype, No. A3-10.
a. Right valve View of holotype.
b. Left valve view of holotype.
c. Ventral view of holotype.
6. Brachycythere elongata n. sp.; Chalor Silli 1ime-
stone, locality A3, holotype, No. A3—12.
a. Right valve view of holotype.
b. Ventral view of holotype.
7. Brachycythere pakistanensis n. sp.; Chalor Silli
limestone, locality A3, holotype, No. A3—l4.

a. Left valve View of holotype.

b. Ventral view of holotype.

206

Plate 7 (Cont.)

Figure
8. Brachycythere driveri angulata n. subsp.: lime-

stone lens of Hangu sandstone, locality B holo—

1.
type, No. Bl-l.
a. Right valve view of holotype.
b. Ventral View of holotype.
9. Brachycythere sp., Chalor Silli limestone, lo-

cality A , No. A3-l7.

3
a. Right valve view of shell.

b. Left valve view of the shell.

PLATE 8

All figures X50

1. Alatacythere sp.: Kurram formation, locality J,
No. J—l.
a. Left valve view of shell.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.
2. Triginqumus cribratus Apostolescu; Tarkhobi

shale, locality A No. Al—7.

1!

Right valve view of shell.

207

Plate 8 (Cont.)

Figure

3.

6.

7.

8.

Cytheretta sp. aff. Q, sahnii Puri; Tarkhobi shale,

locality A , No. Al-3

1

Left valve view of shell.
Schizocythere hollandica Triebel; Tarkhobi shale,

locality A , No. Al-4.

1

Left valve view of shell.

Schizocythere appendiculata Triebel: Tarkhobi shale,

locality A No. Al-S.

10

Left valve view of Shell.
Cythereis verricula Butler and Jones: Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A No. A3-22.

30

Right valve view of shell.

Cythereis subgragilis Morrow; Chalor Silli 1ime-

stone, locality A , No. A3-23.

3

Right valve view of shell.

Cythereis lixula Crane; Chalor Silli limestone,

locality A , No. A3—24.

3

Right valve view of shell.

208

Plate 8 (Cont.)

Figure
9. Cythereis dallasensis Alexander; Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A No. A3-26.

30
Right valve view of shell.

10. Cythereis bicornis Israelsky; Chalor Silli 1ime-

stone, locality A No. A3-27.

30

Right valve view of Shell.
11. Cythereis costatana Israelsky: Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A No. A3-28.

3'
Right valve view of shell.

12. Cythereis wintoni Alexander: Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A No. A3-29.

30

Right valve view of shell.
13. Cythereis hawleyi Alexander: Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A , No. A3-30.

3

Right valve view of shell.

14. Cythereis eaglefordensis Alexander: Chalor Silli

limestone, locality B No. B2-6.

2'

Right valve view of shell.

209

Plate 8 (Cont.)

Figure

15.

16.

17.

18.

1.

Cythereis sp. aff. g, fessa,Lfibimova: Kurram for-
mation, locality J, No. J-2.

Right valve view of shell.
Cythereis sp. aff. g, divisa Damotte; Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A , No. A3-31.

3
Right valve view of Shell.
Cythereis dentonensis Alexander: Chalor Silli
limestone, locality E, No. E-lO.
Right valve view of shell.
Cythereis sp. aff. Q, fredericksburgensis Alexander;

Chalor Silli limestone, locality E, No. E-ll.

Left valve view of shell.

PLATE 9

All figures X50

Cythereis sp. aff. Q, hannai Israelsky; Chalor
Silli limestone, locality E, No. E-12.

Right valve view of shell.

'!I Ii

210

Plate 9 (Cont.)

Figure
2. Cythereis alexanderi abbreviata Morrow: Chalor

Silli limestone, locality A No. A3-32.

30
Right valve view of shell.
3. Hermanites tschoppi (van den Bold); limestone lens

of Hangu sandstone, locality B , No. Bl-B.

1
Left valve view of shell.
4. Cythereis sp. A: Tandora formation, locality 0,
No. Q-2.
a. Left valve view of shell.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.
5. Cythereis sp. B; Lockhart limestone, locality F,
No. F—2.
a. Left valve view of shell.
b. Dorsal view of the shell.
6. Hermanites algtg_n. sp.; limestone lens of Hangu

sandstone, locality B holotype, No. Bl-9.

10
a. Right valve view of holotype.

b. Ventral view of holotype.

 

211

Plate 9 (Cont.)

Figure
7. Isocythereis sp. aff. I, sp. Swain and Brown;

Chalor Silli limestone, locality A No. A3-33.

3'
Right valve view of shell.
8. Xestoleberis seminulata Crane: Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality A No. A3-34.

3.
Left valve view of shell.
9. Xestoleberis sp.
a. Right valve view of shell, No. L-S from
Mulla Bata limestone, locality L.
b. Ventral view of shell, No. N-S from Shak-
alai shale, locality N.
10. Bairdia gracilis truncata n. subsp.: Chalor Silli

limestone, locality A holotype, No. A3-42.

30
Right valve view of holotype.

Figure

3.

4.

5.

6.

212

PLATE 10

All figures X50

Bairdia megista n. sp.; Lockhart limestone, lo-

cality A holotype, No. Al-ll.

1'
Right valve view of holotype.
Cytherella ovata n. sp.; Chalor Silli

locality H holotype, No. Hl-12.

1!
a. Right valve view of holotype.
b. Dorsal view of holotype.

Cytherelloidea ozanana Sexton: Chalor

stone, locality E, No. E-25.

limestone,

Silli lime-

Right valve view of female carapace.

Cytherelloidea sp. aff. Q, triebeli Munsey; Tark-

hobi shale, locality A , No. A1-18.

1

Left valve view of shell.

Cytherelloidea crafti Sexton: Chalor Silli lime-

stone, locality E, No. E-26.

Left valve view of shell.

Cytherelloidea sp. aff. Q, umbonata Edwards:

Tarkhobi shale, locality A1,

Right valve view of Shell.

No. Al-l9.

213

Plate 10 (Cont.)

Figure

7. Cytherelloidea Sp. A: Chalor Silli limestone,

locality A No. A3-57.

3!
Right valve view of shell.
8. Cytherelloidea sp. B; Chalor Silli limestone,

locality A , No. A3-58.

3

Left valve view of shell.

 

B IBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Albritton, C. C., and others. 1941. Geology of Dallas
County, Texas. Field and Lab., Dallas, vol. 10,
no. 1, 1134 pp.

Alexander, C. I. 1927. The stratigraphic range of the
Cretaceous ostracod Bairdia subdeltoidea and its
allies. Jour. Paleontol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp.
29-33.

. 1929. Ostracoda of the Cretaceous of north
Texas. Univ. of Texas, Bull. no. 2907, 137 pp.,
pls. 1-10, text—figs. 1-2, 1 chart.

. 1932. Sexual dimorphism in fossil Ostracode.
Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 302-310,
pl. 28.

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..__-.|

 

 

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