A swov o: REMTDNSHIP OF came mnmmwmmnmLhuAfluusTO MATURWY OF wvs A5 momma av mauwm5<»+EMHT mammdmn mmmmmuvmfl GordonEmimomm 1957 Pages 44-108 are missing: For complete thesis see microfilm no. 1143 This is to certifg that the thesis entitled A Study of the Relationship of Certain Developmental Ifeasures to i-laturity of Boys as Indicated by I’Ieasures of Height presented bg Gordon 13. Holmgren has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for PhoDo degree in Education Major professor Date I’an 3: 195? 0-169 A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERTAIN DEVELOPMENTAL MEASURES TO MATURITY OF BOYS AS INDICATED BY MEASURES OF HEIGHT by Gordon Emil Holmgren AN ABSTRACT Submitted to the School for Advanced Graduate Studies of Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Teacher Education Year 1957 Approved LIBRARY Michigan State University n} GORDON EMIL HOLMGREN ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the vali- ditycu‘height measures in detecting early and late maturing tst in public schools. As some educators question the vahm of collecting physical growth data on public school dnldren this study has a practical justification. The data used were of a longitudinal nature and were takmifkpm the data of the Third Harvard Growth Study which arerxwion file at Michigan State University.1 The study involved 3o8 boys who met the following criteria: 1. eleven or more annual height measurements; 2. first measurement before the age of seven. Frmnthis group fifty early maturers and fifty-five late manners were selected to comprise two groups, an early manning and a late maturing one. These two groups were thmicompared according to height, weight: dental, skeletal, Henna” reading, and arithmetic growth. Steps in the classification of early and late matUPEPS vere as follows: x“— 1The third of four studies of physical and mental gmwmh Of children sponsored by the Research Center of mnward. Reported in Society for Research in Child Develop- 393%, Vol. III, No. 1 (Washington, D. c.: National Research Council, 1938). 3 GORDON EMIL HOLMGREN ABSTRACT 1. straight line growth was determined from the annual serial height measures by the use of the equation: Y = mx + b m: new ~2x2y nixg- 2x2 bztxgéy -£xéxy n £,x2 - 2.x 2. the actual height was then compared with the computed straight line growth; 3. the difference between the actual height and the computed height was termed a deviation; 4. an early maturer was so designated who experienced I a definite break in his height growth pattern at or before 150 months of age, while a late maturer was so designated who experienced this same break 2 at 170 months or more of age. M 1A definite break was defined as, whenever the de- Vhfiions, Of a minus nature, went consistently from year to yan‘to a lesser value, within the tolerance of a plus or andnus one-tenth (.1) of an inch, there would the break be Pevealed. 21f the actual measure was above the computed memflUQ, the deviation was considered positive; if it was beknithe straight line, it was considered negative° A GORDON EMIL HO LMGREN ABSTRACT As groups, the early and late maturers were not alike. filmy differed to a noticeable degree on every characteristic in.which they were compared. In a general way the early manning group was taller, heavier, had greater skeletal mahnetion, advanced dentition, higher mental age, and, gmxfier reading and arithmetic development. A definite cyclic pattern of growth was found in all cases. Ehrthe direction of the growth curves there was reaax1to believe that the differences between early and hue maturers was largely in terms of time. Late maturers had more difficulty with school work, especially in early grades, and they were the victims of rmne retentions. A comparison of the number of retentions mlthe first grade level between the early and late maturers re&nted in a degree of significance on the nine per cent level. Separate tables of height norms for early and late maturers were created. Operating on the hypothesis of the advantage of the “HWY maturer, the method of cataloging a child as an early CH‘late maturer is valid. A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERTAIN DEVELOPMENTAL MEASURES TO MATURITY OF BOYS AS INDICATED BY MEASURES OF HEIGHT by Gordon Emil Holmgren A THESIS Submitted to the School for Advanced Graduate Studies of Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Teacher Education 1957 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his thanks to the mem— berscfl‘tfls committee for the useful suggestions they gave tithe preparation of this study. This committee was Dr. !L R. DeLong, Dr. R. M. Junge, Dr. H. w. Sundwall, and Dr. C.\L Millard, chairman. He wishes to express special gmfiitude to his chairman for his helpful criticisms and interest. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables. List of Figures CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED The Problem. . . . . . . . . . Statement of the Problem. . . . . Importance of the Study Definitions of Terms Used II REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RELATED STUDIES. III DATA AND METHOD A. The Source of Data . . . . , . B. Selection of Cases . . . C. Secondary Problem and Data Used. D. Method . IV ANALYSIS OF THE DATA . . . . A. A Normative Comparison of Early and Late Maturers In Height . . . . . . . B. The Weight Growth Pattern of Early and Late Maturing Boys . . . . . . . C. The Dental Growth Pattern of Early and Late Maturing Groups . . Late Maturing Groups . . . . . The Mental Growth Pattern of Early and Late Maturing Groups . . . . 1. Group Testing Data. . . . . 2. Individual Testing Data . . . . F. The Academic (Reading and Arithmeti ) Growth Patterns of Early and Late Maturing Groups . . . WU V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS Summary . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions. . . . . - - ° ° Implications . . . . . The Skeletal Growth Pattern of Early and Page vii OO Jri—Ji—Ii—J 28 28 29 30 3A 44 AA 59 62 7O 7O 76 79 102 102 103 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY. APPENDICES A. Statistical Analysis of Data of Early Maturers . . . . . . . . B. Statistical Analysis of Data of Late Maturers . . . . . . . . C. Graphic Analysis of Early Maturers. D. Graphic Analysis of Late Maturers iv Page 107 11A 115 166 2222 28A LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. A Description of Each of the Early Maturers in Terms of Number of Measurements and Time of the Initial Measurement. . . . . . . 31 II. A Description of Each of the Late Maturers in Terms of Number of Measurements and Time of the Initial Measurement. . 32 III. Tbtal Number of Annual Measurements on the Early Maturers with Ten Different Test Instruments. . . . . . 35 IV. TOtal Number of Annual Measurements on the Late Maturers with Ten Different Test Instruments. . . . . . . . . . 36 V. Real and Computed Height Measures and Their Deviations, Case NO. 2668 . . . . . . . A0 VI. Real and Computed Height Measures and Their Deviations, Case No. 2528 . . . . . . . Al VII. Real and Computed Height Measures and Their Deviations, Case No. 2007 . . . . . . . A? VIII. A Comparison of Extremes of Early and Late Maturers as to Age at Cycle Break . . . . 45 IX. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Height of the Early Maturing Group. . . . . . . . 50 X. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Height of the Late Maturing Group . . . . . . . . 51 XI. Height Means of Early and Late Maturers. . . . 55 XII. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Weight of the Early Maturing Group. . . . . . . . 60 XIII. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Weight of the Late Maturing Group . . . . . . . , 61 XIV. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Dental Eruptions of the Early Maturing Group . . . . . , 6A TABLE XVI. XVII. flHII. XIX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Dental Eruptions of the Late Maturing Group. Statistical Analysis of the Mean Skeletal Ages of the Early Maturing Group , , Statistical Analysis of the Mean Skeletal Ages of the Late Maturing Group. . . . Statistical Analysis of the Mean Mental Ages of the Early Maturing Group as Measured by Group Tests. . . . . . . . . . Statistical Analysis of the Mean Mental Ages of the Late Maturing Group as Measured by Group Tests. . . . Statistical Analysis of the Mean Mental Ages of the Early Maturing Group as Measured by Stanford—Binet Individual Tests . Statistical Analysis of the Mean Mental Ages of the Late Maturing Group as Measured by Stanford-Binet Individual Tests Mean Raw Score Achievement and Number of Annual Measurements on Six Different Reading Tests of Early Maturers. . Mean Raw Score Achievement and Number of Annual Measurements on Six Different Reading Tests of Late Maturers A Comparison of Early and Late Maturers as to Average Achievement on Six Reading Tests Regardless of Time . . . . . . . Mean Raw Score Achievement and Number of Annual Measurements on Three Different Arithmetic Tests of Early Maturers. Mean Raw Score Achievement and Number of Annual Measurements on Three Different Arithmetic Te3ts of Late Maturers A Comparison of Early and Late Maturers as to Average Achievement on Three Arithmetic Tests Regardless of Time . . . . . Comparison of the Cycle Break of Six Growth Characteristics . . . . . . vi PAGE 65 68 69 73 77 78 83 8A 92 9b 95 99 100 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. A Graphic Comparison of Real and Straight Line Growth in Height of Case 2668. . . . . . 38 2. A Graphic Comparison of An Early and A Late 0 O J L17 Maturer in Height Growth 3. A Comparison of Two Early Maturers (Shortest and Tallest) and Two Late Maturers (Shortest and Tallest) . . . 48 1L Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Height . . . . . . 52 5. .Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Weight . . . . . 63 6. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Dental Eruptions. . . . 67 7. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Skeletal Age . . . . . 7l 8. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Mental Age (Group Tests) . 75 9. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Mental Age (Individual TeSts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 ML Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups in Terms of Retention . . . 81 11. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Haggerty Reading Examination. . . . . . . . . . . 86 12. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Ayres Reading Scale , 87 13. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Chapman-Cook Reading Tests . . . . . . . . . . . 88 viii FIGURE PAGE ML Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Iowa Reading Scales. . . 89 15. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Stanford Reading Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . , 90 16. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Shank Reading 01 Tests . O O I O O O I I O O 17. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Progress Arithmetic Tests . . . . . . 96 18. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Stanford Arithmetic Tests . , . . . . . . 97 19. Graphic Comparison of the Early and Late Maturing Groups on the Schorling Arithmetic Tests . . . . . . . . . . 98 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED Most public schools have as a part of their pupil evahnnion programs the recording of such aspects of human growHIae height scores. The motivation or purpose in ac- cwmfleting such data is to get some evidence of the child's tflwsical growth and also to assess the health status of the fluid. However, accumulated height scores might possibly lave other values, specifically that of determining whether orrmn a child is an early or a late maturer. I. THE PROBLEM Statement of the problem. It was the purpose of this snudy to determine the relationship of certain developmental measures to maturity of boys as indicated by measures of height. Importance of the study. Teachers speak so often Oftiw “immature" or the "slow maturing" child. Almost ewnnrexplanation of poor achievement is followed with "this dflid is maturing slowly." This study attempts to show how longitudinal data on physical growth can be put to use in a nwre effective way. Further, this study attempts to show justification why Um educators should be concerned with the nature and charac— tercn‘a child‘s physical development. John E. Anderson, 2 cfltector of the Child Welfare Institute at the University of lhnnesota, describes this thought when he says: that as soon as one works with Children he becomes aware that behavior of the moment is an end product determined by many factors, some of which are clearly related to the physical make- up and physiological state of the child, Helen Thompson, writing in the Manual 9f Child Psy- chology, also emphasiaes the importance of knowledge of {Musical growth. She suggests some interesting thoughts when she says: It may even be a fair prophecy that, in the in- vestigation of individual physical and mental life histories, studies of social behavior and personality may find their fullest realization in the genetic analysis of physical individuality. The Encyclopedia 9f Educational Research in its sec- timl"Child Development V. Physical Growth," suggests three issues of physical growth studies: Studies in physical growth are concerned, in the first place, with determining the averages, and normal deviations from the average, Of various measurements of sine and body proportions in children at specific ages. Second, they are concerned with learning the relative influence of the various factors which operate in determining the course of growth. And third, they are Concerned with the evaluation and prediction of the trends of growth in individual children. “M 1J. E. Anderson, “The Contribution of Child DeveIOp- Rent to Psychology, " Journal Conslt. Psychology, Vol. C, P. 159. 2Leonard Carmichael, editor, Manual of Child Psycho- logy (New York: John Wiley and Sons, InC- 195“):13. 993- 3Walter 3, Monroe, editor, Encyclopedia 3: Educational Efifigggh (New York: The Macmillan Co., 19597? p- 153- ‘7‘ Courtis, for many years, a student of the child de— xmlopment movement, has pleaded for longitudinal records on dfildren and he punctuates his thoughts with the following comments: . Will the time ever Come when, out of her knowledge of child development and study of that in- dividual's growth curve, the teacher will not only wisely overlook discrepancies that discipline will only intensify, but also actually interpret the child to himself; and by her faith and wise stimula— tion launch the Child successfully into the new cycle and short circuit all the stress and strain of ado- lescence? Wisdom, plus records and faiths, spells inspiration and power; ignorance and inadequate equipment generates conflicts, disaster, tragedy. How great are the possibilities! Millard in his writing and lectures emphasizes the importance of adequate longitudinal physical, mental, and mflmational records on public school children. In his book fluid Growth and Development2 he describes the need for data michildren and then brings into focus the principles of gmnuh and the need for their proper interpretation. Quotations and statements give support to the idea of cdHection of physical data on children, and because of the hmmrtance that child deveIOpment investigators have put lawn the collection of longitudinal data, many public schools lmve developed quite adequate records. 18. A. Courtis, "Discipline Under the Growth Conflict," mnld Growth in an Era of Conflict, ed. C. V. Millard, RflIbenth YeaFBOOE, Depr'of Elementary School Principals Uxuwing, Michigan: Mich. Education Association, 1944), p, Ag. 2C. V. Millard, Child Growth and Development in LEE Ekflggtggy School (Boston: D. C. Heath and Co., 195T7, paSSim. A The problem of this study becomes one of application. Other than using height scores to determine a child's health condition, in a very general way, and to describe his rela— tive position when compared to height norms, this study eutempts to use height scores to determine whether or not a ddid is an early or a late maturer as determined by his afiflescent height growth. By a comparison Of two groups, aiearly maturing and a late maturing one, the question is raised: How do these two groups compare in six other de- xmlopmental Characteristics—-weight, dental, skeletal, mental, reading, and arithmetic. II. DEFINITION OF TERMS USED The following terms are used to describe this study. Adlosecence growth spurt. As this study deals with Imight, reference to the above phrase means that it is the time in an individual's growth pattern when height growth is marked by a decided and very noticeable increase from the previous pattern. Growth versus development. Millard's concept of Emwmh and development will be used: Development will be used to describe general organ- ization and organismic change, whereas growfh will be considered as a phase Of total development. Ibid., p. 10. \Il Growth analysis. The consolidation of growth data hla.sequence or bringing it into a longitudinal perspective so that it can be studied and analyzed. Growth curve. Describes a design formed by cumulative movements. Growth cycle. A curve Of growth which is character- ized by a phase Of acceleration followed by deceleration. Armw cycle begins where the deviations from straight line 1 Ipwtr de art from a decelerating to an acceleratin hase. 0 Cyclic nature of growth. Growth is not of a straight line description but rather is better described by a series cn‘undulating waves each having a phase of acceleration and deceleration. Maturation. The process by which an individual pro- gresses in his development. Stages of maturity. Periods or times in the matura- tional process which are quite definable, i.e.: prenatal, unanthood, childhood, adolescence, adulthood. Immaturity. A word that characterizes an individual wwihas not reached the stage of development that one would nonmdly expect at a given time. Skeletal growth. Description of carpal maturation, when of bone joints by calcification, as measured by x-ray {fictures. This growth is given in quantitative aspect by aiinterpretation of x-ray pictures in terms of skeletal age. Longitudinal study. This can best be described by cmmmrison to a status study. A status study involves sflngle testings on a large number of cases while a longitud- hmfl study requires many testings on fewer cases. Time is hmefundamental factor in longitudinal studies.1 Physical data. Quantitative measurements in height, weight, tooth eruption, and bone calcification. Harvard Growth Study. The third of four longitudinal gmnnh studies on children of school age carried on by lkflyard University.2 Developmental period. That time in an individual's life in which he is growing and full maturity has not been reached. 1C. V. Millard, Child Growth and Development (Boston: 0.0. Heath and Company, 1951), pp. 57-to. , dWalter F. Dearborn, John w. M. Rothney, Frank K? n &hnmieworth, "Data on the Growth of Public School Children, m for Research E Child Development Monographs (W?:?_ ingan D. C.: National Research Counc1l, 1938), V01“ ’ No. l, passim. Time. Time in this study has a very significant meaning and place. Time means explicitly that period in auxindividual's life development when a specific measure is taken. Time and the measure then become greatly dependent on each other. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RELATED STUDIES Child growth and development, child psychology child tmhavior, or just child develOpment have essentially many dfifierent meanings. The simple word growth is used to cover a.great variety of diverse phenomena of complex nature. Be~ cause of the great number of sciences which are interested hithis field, and because of growth's complexity, the liter- ahne on this subject is voluminous. Further, to make the Mmde matter more complex growth can be studied on many levels (prenatal, postnatal, adolescent, senility) and it euso can be studied by different methods (cross-sectional, longitudinal, group~and individual—wise). Kai Jensen, writing on the topic of physical growth hithe Review of Educational literature described well the ______._____a___a_____ topic of growth in this statement: It connotes all and any of these reproduction, changes in dimension, linear increase, gain in weight, gain in organic mass, cell multiplication,, mitosis, cell migration, protein synthesis, and more.1 For purposes of this study child growth and develop~ Umnt will have a definite and specific meaning; one that Ielates directly with the school and education. \\ P lKai Jensen, "Physical Growth," Review of Educational fiiEEEEfl, Vol. 22 (Washington, D.C.: AmEFTEaH'EduEEFfifiiEFT*“ BSGarch Association, 1952), p. 391. In other 9 rpnksa study of the literature will include only that which iscfirected to educators, is related to the school and its obfimtives, and is appropo and practical to modern day edu- As a field of study, child development in the schools isconcerned with mental and physical growth as it moves fnmlone level of maturity to a higher, more structural level of maturity. l . . . . Olson , who has tried to put principles of growth and dewflopment to practice, emphasizes the importance of being fleiar with the laws of growth and then using these prin— dples as guides in curriculum planning, as guide lines for pmwmams of evaluation, and for helps in creating the school environment. In a publication by Millardg, the principles of gmwuh and development are brought into focus so that they phfl’upon the educational scene pointing up many pOSsible amflications. He begins his book with the thought that mhmators, by borrowing knowledges and methods from the many related sciences, can now make education a more precise and €Xact science. He also describes the limitation of earlier Shkhes and then suggests as an answer the organismic view. R...— lWillard c. Olson, Child Development (Boston: D. c. thath and Co., 1949), passim. R) Millard, op. cit., passim. F4 (3 lb describes this view as one which interprets all aspects cfi‘development in respect to a life pattern. He then pro— phecies with: Teachers with this viewpoint recognize the child as a dynamic organism that furnishes as much data as the observer is ingenious enough to measure and record. They realise that such data are related, if different, aSpects of the total organismic pattern.1 Child development, as a field of research, is, then, concerned with physical and mental development. Educators the interested in the entire period from conception to maturity (adulthood) but due to the fact that they re dir- ectly involved with children in the childhood, adolescence, muiypung adulthood they are more interested in these periods, Research in the field of child development can be dated as beginning at the turn of the century. Prior to Hus the research was sketchy, unorganized, and isolated. “He first seriatim study of human growth was described by Scammond in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 'Dm author begins his article by describing the two methods by which the growth of the living body is studied; the m 8188 or cross—section method, or the individual, seriatim, or longi-section method. Of the first he says: The mass method has been used more extensively than the individual method. Its application ap— parently began with the work of Roederer (1753) 1 llbid., p. A. 2R, E. Scammon, "The First Seriatim Study of Human %§0Wth," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, X: 329- $, 1927. '“ ll Dietz (1757), and Joseph Clarke (1786) on the weight and physical proportions of the new born, although it was not extended to the detailed study of later development until the early part of the 19th century. Scammon then describes some of the early seriatim method research. He gives such names and dates as Wiener (‘90), Gottman ('15), Camerer ('82, '93, "Ol), Haehner ('80, '84), and also the more contemporary Baldwin (University of Iowa Studies) as examples of the first men who pursed such research along the longitudinal lines. However, Scammon spends considerable time describing a pioneer investigation by the individual method which took place in the eighteenth century. This is perhaps the first such kind of research. The following paragraph taken from this article describes it well: The observations in question were made by Gueneau de Montbillard and consist of measurements on the growth in height of his son (a first child), begun at birth (April 11, 1759) and continued for nearly eighteen years (until November 11, 1776, with a final check on January 30, 1777). The measurements were made at approximately semiannual intervals, there being but two observations in the series which are separated by an interval of over six months. In the latter part of the period, when growth in stature was less noticeable, the observations were made more frequently.2 The scientist Montbillard must have been a very keen and observant student for he also discovered some principles Of growth which have been thought of as quite recent dis- coveries. Apparently he had graphed his data, for the curve 1 2 Ibid., p. 329. Ibid., p. 330. ofgmowth which he describes has four phases: period of rand growth during infancy and early childhood; a middle mnuod of slower but constant growth from three to nearly Unrteen years; from about thirteen and one-half to fifteen anmrked period of prepuberal, and finally a period of slow gmnmh. Further, he commented on the effect which the daily Cflfle of rest and activitity has on height. He is credited wifiirecognition of the seasonal effect on height. 1 Boas , writing in Science in 1892, made a strong plea fln*more studies that are longitudinal in nature and more carefully done. He completes his article by stating that: In order to carry out such a plan, it would be necessary to organize a bureau with sufficient clerical help to carry on the work. The questions underlying physical and mental growth are of fun- damental importance for hygiene and education, and we hope the time may not be far distant when a work of this character can be under taken.5 A contemporary of Boas was Bowditch3. Reporting in We Eighth Annual Report of the State Board of Health of Massachusetts he compared children of the same percentile rank from year to year. This, too, is an existing practice, 1Frank Boaz, ”Growth of Children,‘ 351-352) 1.892. Science, XX:516: 2Ibid., p. 352. H 3H. P. Bowditch, "Growth of Children, Eighth Annual Eflfifij, Massachusetts Board of Health (Boston: 1875), Cluoted in Walter S. Monroe, ed., Encyclopedia of Ed. Research New York: The Macmillan Co., 1952), p. 139. 13 animany people believe as Bowditch did that the same child- zen on the average will remain in the same percentile rank. Behavioral records, children's logs or diaries, or anecdotal records had their beginnings in Germany. The mummlopedia of Educational Research lists Pruyerl as a [noneer in the type of work which Arnold Gesell made famous. Sullyg, working at the University of London at the turn of We twentieth century, promoted a style or method of child study which could easily have been the vanguard for further, later work in child observation. Some excerpts from his section on "Child-psychology: Conditions of the Study" will show the reader that his orientation was quite as it is today. . . If we can only decipher the mystic charac- ters of a child's external behavior, we may be able to approach at least the desired beginning and to supplement our introspection with a genetic psychology. Now this work of child—study is not an easy one which anybody can rashly take up. It requires, for one thing, special personal aptitudes and tastes,. But what needs to be emphasized here is that these personal gifts are not everything, that they need to be accompanied and guarded by the caution bred of scientific reflection. 1. 1W. Pruyer, Die Siele des Kindes, The Soul of the Child (Leipzig: GrETBeHT—TBBETT H25 pp., quoted in Walter S.Monroe, ed., Encyclopedia of Educational Research (New York: The Macmillan Co., 195?), p. 139. 2 ( James Sully, The Teacher's Handbook of Psychology New York: D. Appleton and Company, 191477 passim. 3lbid., p. 7. L 1a It was also with the turn of the century that the study of mental growth received impetus. Binetl was not angrinterested in mental measurement but he also became huerested in mental and physical relationships, their huegrations and correlations. He was concerned with head mwliéce measurements, and attempted to find in them an index of mentality. His failure to find a close relation- ship resulted in attempts by others, Porter (1892) and Gilbert (1895, 1897) to seek some knowledge of this phenome- rwn. From these investigators we received such concepts as: dull children tended to be smaller for their age; bright dnldren tended to be larger. Apparently unforgotten was some important research carried on by Cramptond in 1902. He was challenged by the inexplained variability of boys of high school age. There were undoubtedly reasons why one boy of fourteen years of age was small and another large; one tall and thin, another short; one weak, another strong; one brilliant, another dull. He then challenged the existing "age of Puberty” concept \wnch was the chronological age of thirteen and fourteen. l 1 Helen Thompson, 'Physical Growth," Manual of Child Riflflggggy (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., T954), pp. 292-334. E C. Ward Crampton, "Physiological Age--A Fundamental Principle," American Physical Education Review, XIII: 3: 111“].513 1908. 7— 3 Ibid., p. 141. 15 D12 redefinition of puberty he writes: ”Puberty“ from "pubertas-tatis" (age of manhood) refers to that point of time when the asexual life is changed to the sexual, and the ability to pro— create is established. It is not a stage or period of time, but a division Tine~bEPWe5n two p5?iods having go‘more duration than the division between one year and the next.1 Crampton sumarizes this study by emphasizing the twint that it is impossible to predicate from the mere fact tn‘age (those usual known ages of puberty twelve to seven— teen) that an individual is mature or immature. Another study2 of this pioneer following the one de- mndbed above was the study of scholarship and pubescence. Scholarship to Crampton was defined as: Success in school life means the ability to get marks', and satisfy the teacher in daily recitation and upon examinations that the subjects studies are relatively mastered. Crampton then summarizes by emphasizing that post- tnmescents are different from prepubescents mentally, that ‘Hm immature group is less fitted for the strain of high school work, and that educators must recognize and under- Sflufi the facts of puberal growth. During the following decade little was done regarding the correlations and relationships between mental and physi- Cal traits or relationships between other physical measure- ments. The systematic collection of physical data on “X“.— l \. £239., p. 142. [The underscoring was done by the lmlter of this thesis.] a1bid., pp. 214-227. 3ibid., p. 22a. (.4 C) ‘a children was noticeably for improving the child's health, improving physical conditions of schools, and getting cer- tain health facts. 1 . . . . . Terman published a book at this time that was speCl— ideally pointed toward the hygiene of the school child. However, his first six chapters brought the results of tre zesearch up-to-date and put it into practice. An itemization these chapters will give the reader an overview of the topics he was attempting to explore. They are: 1. Introduction: The Broader Relations of Educational Hygiene 2. The Physical Basis of Education 3. The General Laws of Growth 4. The Factors Influencing Growth 5. Some Physiological Differences Between Children and Adults b. The Educational Significance of "Physiological Age" 2 His later studies such as the Genetic tudies of Genius brought into focus some interesting physical-mental correlations.3 Following the First World War there was a definite :flward surge of interest in securing accurate information, 1Lewis M. Terman, The Hygiene of the School Child (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 191477 passim. dtbid., Table of Contents. 3L. M. Terman, et al, "Genetic Studies of Genius, WfiflgfiLand Physical Traits of a Thousand Gifted Children, V01. I (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press W5), passim. L..— 17 bofllphysical and mental, about children. Bird T. Baldwin,l dhector of the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station at the mnversity of Iowa, was one of the first to make systematic snudies of physical and mental growth of children and then to show the dependencies and interrelationships of them. Efldwin accumulated a number of anthropometric measurements. an1these measurements he drew individual growth curves. ’Hmse curves brought to him facts regarding the great vari— anlity in physical maturation of children. Baldwin's twight-weight norms for girls and boys are featured in much Ofthe literature. Baldwin also brought into use the method ofnmasuring maturity by noting ossification of carpal bones as seen in x-rays. The Harvard Growth Study came into prominence in the mmfly'l920's. This, however, was the third of a series of four such studies of a longitudinal nature. Dearborn and 2 lkmhney in their book Predicting the Child's Development Eflve the history of these studies. In a chronological order they were: First Study under the leadership of H. P. BOMfiich, Professor of Physiology in the Harvard Medical School in the year 1872; Second Study took place between the sears 1910—1920 with W. T. Porter another Harvard Medical 113. T. Baldwin, "Physical Growth of Children from lfixfih to Maturity," University 9f Iowa Studies in Child thlfare (Iowa City: Univ. Of Iowa, 1921), Vol. 1, No. 1 DaSsim. N 9 2Walter F. Dearborn and John W. M. Rothney, Predicting the Child's Development (Cambridge, Mass.: Sci-Art Publishers, Fifi), passim. l8 $flwol physiologist as the leader; Third Study was carried mlby the above authors in the Psycho—Educational Clinic of the Harvard Graduate School of Education; Fourth Study began hithe early thirties by the Public School of Health with lbrold C. Stuart as the director. The Third Study because of its extent, planned struc- Une, and accuracy and carefulness received international recognition. Many papers and further research has been done twing the original data. Shuttleworthl used these data for his studies. Studies regarding the collecting of physical data now tegan on an international level. Most of these were ab- stracted in the Child Development Abstracts Vol. 1 to 3.2’3’4 Most of these studies were carried on by anthropologists or 1F. K. Shuttleworth, “Sexual Maturation and Physical Growth of Girls Age Six to Nineteen," Monographs of the Society fl§:Research in Child Development (Washington, D.CT: 1937) 'Wflu 2, No. BT—and'“The Physical and Mental Growth of Girls Eflfl Boys Age Six—to Nineteen in Relation to Age at Maximwn Growth," (washington, D.C.: 1939), vol. A, No. 3. 5W. D. Newsdorf, "Physische Entwicklung der russischen Kinder Johre 1925 Nach den anthropometrischen Untersuchungen,“ (Physical Development of Russian Children in 1925), Zulsehr Konstitution-slehre, 13 (1) 60-82, 1927. (As abstracted in Child QEK- Abstracts and Bibliography, Washington, D.C.: Com- IMttee on Child Dev., 1928, Vol. IV, no. 2, p. 205.) 3Morris Steggerda, "Physical Development of Negro—White lhbrids in Jamaica, British Westhndies,' American Jour. Phys. 5232222., Vol. 12, No. 1, 121—138, 1929. itPaul Godin, "Remarque a propis de la mesure de la :taille assi' an cours de la corissance" (Measurement of the hitting Height During Growth), Revue Anthrop.,36 (1/3):68-89, l929(As abstracted in Child Dev. Abstracts and Bibliography lhshington,D.C.: Committee on Child Dev.,l9287—2;6;Ab8.) "7 19 people in public health. Their objectives were to collect data for purposes of racial and national comparison, assessing the health of children, and evaluating the effect of war or other crises upon children. One piece of research of inter- est that was done along longitudinal lines, with recognition of the organismic viewpoint, and of a cyclic orientation was are in Montevideo, South America, public schools. A quo- tation from an abstract of this article delineates a thought provoking fact regarding the growth cycle. The type of growth is peculiar in its uniformly ascending character, with a gradual yearly increase in the periods of greater growth, but never shows the sudden ascents that are noticed in children of other countries.1 The child development movement was now given an added impetus by the National Research Council which was able to get the Third White House Conference2 to deal with the topic Of growth and development. Section I--Committee A centered on this topic.3 Apparently the committee became greatly ‘ ° 0 1 1 o u motivated for its work is recorded in two volumes. These ‘* 1R. Schiaffino, "School Anthropometry," Bolivia Insti- tute internac. Am. de Protic. Inf., April, 1929, Vol. 2,No.A. (As abstracted in Child Dev. Abstracts and Bibliography, Washington, D. C., 1990, Vol.—H, NO. 3, p. 337-) ‘ 2White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, Addresses and Abstracts of Committee Reports (New York: The Century Company, 1930), passim. ' 3lbid., pp. 51-66. uWhite House Conference on Child Health and Protection, Growth and Development of the Child, Part I: General Consid- S:gtio§?‘?art 11, Anatomy and Physiology (New_York: The '7— Century Company: 1932 and 19337} PP- 377 and 629- volumes are concerned with the more technical aspects of fluid growth and development but Volume I} the parts on pre— maturity and hyman types, are definitely helpful for the educator, and Volume II2 has sections devoted to growth and development of the skelton, development of the face, and dentition, and eruption of the teeth. Somewhat prior to this work many Institutes of Child Welfare sprang up. Mention has been made of the work at thrvard and the University of Iowa. Similar institutes had also begun at the University of Minnesota, the University of California in Berkley, the University of Chicago, Columbia lkflversity, the Merrill—Palmer School in Detroit, and Yale. Some of these institutes like the institutes at Iowa and Minnesota received direct financial aid from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. The Yale Clinic of Child Development was able to carry on much of its studies of be- havior development in infants, the preschool child, and later the school child because of the generous support of funds from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, General Education Board, and the Rockefeller Foundation. Gesell's Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 53-120. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 26—155. f\ :1 work at this clinic and his writingsl’E’B’u’5 brought child growth and development to the layman. Gesell's work with infants and their developmental growth initiated other studies of a similar nature. McGraw6 carried on a study which attempted to evaluate neural matura- tion as exemplied in the changing reactions of the infant to a pin prick. Her study had both cross-sectional and long- itudinal data. She gather group data by getting 2,008 observations on infants from birth to four years and then she supported these findings by longitudinal studies of four individual infants during the first eighteen and twenty—four months of life. Under the leadership of John E. Anderson, Director, Institute of Child Welfare at the University of Minnesota, a lArnold Gesell, The Mental Growth of the Preschool Child (New York: The Macmillan Co., 19257: passim. 2Arnold Gesell, Helen Thompson, The Psychology of Early Growth (New York: The MacMillan (TM—1938), passim. 3Arnold Gesell, Catharine S. Amatrude, Burton M. CaStner and Helen Thompson, Biographies of Child Development New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 19395, passim. “Arnold Gesell, and others, The First Five Years of life (New York: Harper and Bros., 19405, passim. _“ 5Arnold Gesell, Infant Development (New York: Harper and Bros., 1952), passim. 6Myrtle B. McGraw, "Neural Maturation as Exemplified in the Changing Reactions Of the Infant to Pin PPiCk," Child Development, XII:31-42, March, 1941. K tM)year longitudinal study on twenty-five infants was ef- fimted. Mary Shirley,l reported on this study in three volumes. Ohio State University also attempted some work in the sway of infant behavior. Pratt, Nelson, and Sun describe Me experimental method,used in their work, as follows: This method stresses the control or accurate measurement of the stimulating conditions, and a careful recording of the actual movements that are made.d The study was longitudinal in that the same children xmre ”stimulated" and observed from time to time. At times fifty infants were involved. In the early "forties“ many growth studies began which emphasiaed the child of school age. There were also some definite "trends" among the child development researchers. Ifiwgman3 reported on these in a Child Development periodical. 'Mmse are significant enough to be listed as such: 1Mary M. Shirley, Postural and Locomotor Development, 22;. I; Intellectual Development, Vol. II; Personality Mast- festation, Vol. III (Minneapolis, Minnesota:“ The University (M‘Minnesota Press, 1931, 1932, 1935), pp. 227, 513, 22 2Karl Pratt, Amalie Kranshaar Nelson, and Kuo Hua Sun, The Behavior of the Newborn Infant (Columbus: The Ohio State tfiIversIty Press, 1930), p. 7. 3Wilton M. Krogman, "Trend in the Study of Physical figiwth in Children," Child Development, XI: III, 279-284, 0. The first trend is that of standardization. . . . The second trend is based upon the interpretation of anthropometry from a biological viewpoint. . . . The third trend is that of the study of hereditary transmission of physical characters. . . . A fourth trend in the study of physical growth is to depend somewhat less upon dimensions and a bit more upon maturation. . . . A fifth trend, . . . , is a closer tie-up between physical growth and mental progress. . . . I turn, finally, to a sixth trerd, namely, the utili; ation of growth data as the basis of the assess- ment of well— —being. . . .1 An example of an attempt at standardization was Todd‘s vmrk on skeletal maturation. After complet ng his work he published an atlas of skeletal maturation which contained seventy—five roentgenograms selected as I\ pical of the suc- cessive stages in ossification in the hand of boys and girls Item three months of age until the date in adolescence when all epiphyses are united. Todd was the director of the Brush Foundation Studies at Cleveland which later was placed under the leadership of Simmons.3 In the later years, emphasis appears to be on growth trends or curves. Further, there have been attempts to seek lIbid., pp. 279-28u. 2T. w. Todd, et al, An Atlas of Skeletal Maturation, Part I: The H and (S St—L Louis: C. V.7W)Sby Company, 1937); Passim. 3Katherine Simmons, "The Brush Foundation Study of Child Growth and Development: II Physical Growth and De- velopment, " Society for Research in Child Development MOnographs (Nashington, D.C.: National Research Council, t§EIY77W3l. IX, No. l, passim. Cl 2a relationships and common denominators that will describe and predict growth. 9 Courtisl’t’3 in his many writings holds that growth is cyclic in nature and takes the mathematical form of the Gompertz formula. Also, that all phases of growth are related, each having an incipiency, a rate, and a maximum and moving in a cyclic nature. Courtis, in an article published in Growth, describes the cyclic nature of growth when he writes: . . Therefore, it really is appropriate to couple growth and cycles to mean a succession of periods, or pulses, or waves of growth. In growth cycles, it should be noted, the phenomena that are "recurrent" are not phases of development in the organism, but the phases in the process of growth itself. Olson and Hughes5 have attempted to discover some of the principles of growth and relate them to the total 1Stuart A. Courtis, "Maturation Units for the Measure- ment of Growth," School and Society, 30: b83-o90, 1929, aStuart A. Courtis, "Maturation as a Factor in Dia- gnosis," The 3uth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (Bloomington: Public School Pub. Co., 19355,~Chap. X. 3Stuart A. Courtis, The Measurement of Growth (Ann Arbor: Brumfield and Brumfield, 19327, passim. uStuart A. Courtis, "What is a Growth Cycle?," 929m Vol. 1, No. 2, 1937, p. 156. SW. C. Olson and B. 0. Hughes, "Growth of the Child as a Whole," cited in R. G. Barker and J. S. Kounin, and H. H: Wright, Child Behavior and Development (New York: McGraw- Hill Book Co., 1953), passimf 25 organism, the growing child. Prescott1 pleads for discovery of normal behavior ranges in descriptive rather than in mathematical terms. Millard, a student of Courtis and a strong defender of the longitudinal method of collecting data, has carried on three studies2 that are unique in themselves for their completeness of data and quality and kind of data collected. These studies have collected data over three periods using the same measuring instruments from one testing period to another. Further, the subjects, are average public school children. Millard's recently published book School and Child3 has the Everett Study as its source. There have been relatively few attempts to relate longitudinal data on physical growth with longitudinal data on mental achievement. The work of Cramptona as was 1D. A. Prescott, Emotion and Educative Process (Wash- ington, D. C.: American Council on Education, 19387, passim. 2In the Child Development Laboratory of Michigan State University these studies are known by the titles——The Dear- born Study, the Everett Study, and the Holt Study. (1) Dear- born-—Data, longitudinal measures on approximately three hun- Ored children, covering academic, mental, and physical measurements over a ten year period. (2) Everett Studies--Com- plete individual case studies including anecdotal and observ- ation records on sixty children over a seven year span. (3) Current Studies [Holt Data] comprehensive objective and anecdotal records on three hundred children currently under Observation. 3c. V. Millard, School and Child, 5 Case History (East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State College Press, I9547jpassim. Crampton, op. cit., passim. 26 previously mentioned is the only study found in the litera— ture until the Harvard Growth Study of 1922.1 Millarda and his students have made a specific and definite attempt to relate physical and mental growth by 3 interpreting longitudinal data using the Courtis Technique. Studies in this area have been made by Millardu, Na11y5, Kowitzé, and Martin.7 l Dearborn and Rothney, op. cit., Chap. V, pp. 238-288. 2C. V. Millard, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. 3S. A. Courtis, "Maturation Units and How to Use Them," A Manual of Directions for Research Workers in Biological Scienses (Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, 1950), passim. 4C. V. Millard, "The Nature and Character of Pre- Adolescent Growth in Reading Achievement," Child Development, 11:2:7l-llu, lguo. 5T. P. F. Nally, ”The Relationship Between Achieved Growth in Height and the Beginning Growth in Reading" (un- published Ph. D. thesis, Michigan State University, 1953). 0o. T. Kowita, "An Exploration into the Relationship Of Physical Growth Pattern and Classroom Behavior in Ele- mentary School Children" (unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Michigan State University, 1954). 7 ‘R. E. Martin, ”The Educational Implications of an Individual Longitudinal Case Inventory" (unpublished Ph. D. thesiS, Michigan State University, 1956). 22 flgglescent Boys (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1951), 'U 27 Dearborn and Rothneyl studied the relationships between mental and physical growth. They used "maximum growth age" during a two year period as a criterion for selecting their early and late maturers. Their conclusions were: No consistently significant differences in achieve- ment were discovered in comparisons of groups of 100 cases each at the extremes of growth in height and weight during the two-year period. Another study that attempts to categorize early and late maturing boys is that of Stolz and Stolz.3 They used "rate of growth" as a basis for analysis. "Rate of growth" was calculated from the gain an individual made per tenth of a year. "Early" and ”late" growers were compared only in physical characteristics with no attempt at a mental or scholastic comparison. Dearborn and Rothney, op. cit., passim. 2Ibid., p. 253. 3H. R. Stolz and Lois Meek Stolz, Somatic Development 'SSim. M CHAPTER III DATA AND METHOD A. The source of data. The data used for this study were taken from the Third1 Harvard Growth Study. The orig- inal data are now in the custody of Michigan State University. These records have been used by many students for papers, master's thesis, and doctorate dissertations. Two extensive monographs by Shuttleworth2 were written from these data. At the time of his first publication, 1937, Dr. Shuttleworth had this to say about this material: It is the considered Judgment of the writer that the materials of the Harvard Growth Study represent easily the finest collection of longitudinal records available for the study of physical growth during the adolescent period. Better data, in the sense of more cases and longer records, will probably never l"Approximately 3500 children who were entering the first grade of three cities of the metrOpolitan area of Boston were examined. In addition to twelve annually re— peated physical measurements, a battery of mental and scho- lastic tests were administered annually to these same child- ren for as long a time as they remained in school. . . ." W. H. Dearborn and J. w. Rothney, Predicting the Child's De- .EEEEXEElE (Cambridge, Mass.: Aci-Art Publishers, 19A1):_p73u, . 2F. K. Shuttleworth, "Sexual Maturation and the Phys- lcal Growth of Girls Age Six to Nineteen,” Monographs of the £3: Research in Child Development (Washington, D.C.: Natidnal Resear'cT “do‘unE‘i'l, 1937)T Vol. II, No. 5, p. 2247; F. K. Shuttle- ‘ WOPth, "The Physical and Mental Growth of Girls and Boys Age L Six to Nineteen in Relation to Age at Maximum Growth," Mono- %3§gh§ of the Society for Research in Child Development Washington, D. C.: National Research Council, 1939)TTV01. V: NO. 3, p. 291. 29 be available. Better data, in the sense of half as many cases followed over as long a period together with either more measurements or more accurate measurements or more supplementary data, will not be available for analysis within a period of at least l5 years. The original Harvard Growth Study had approximately 3500 cases. However, there were many casualities because of family movements, illnesses, nd even deaths. As a result the number of cases was reduced in the Dearborn, Rothney, Shuttleworth report to 1553 school children of which 747 were boys and 806 girls. For the purposes of this study data on height for 368 boys of the TA? were examined. The cases were selected for examination on the basis of maximt Inmmer of measurements. B. Selection of cases. A complete perusal of the data of the 7&7 boys in the Harvard Report revealed that a considerable number had been measured annually for eleven Or twelve years. It was discovered that 70 boys had been measured annually for twelve years with the initial measure- ment between the ages of 5.0 to 5.99 years. From this group fourteen early maturers and ten late maturers were discovered by the criterion used. 1 , Shuttleworth, op. cit., Vol. II, No. 5, p. o. ._.—.—_ 2 See page 39 for description of criterion. LO Q In order to obtain a larger number of cases, the remaining cases of the original 747 were catalogued on the basis of eleven annual measurements with the initial measure- ment taken between the ages of 6.0 to 6.99 years. The re- sulting selection was 298 cases from which thirty—six early maturers and forty—five late maturers were found. The two groups totalled fifty early maturers and fifty-five late maturers. The cases chosen are shown in Table I and Table II. C. Secondary problem and data used. Considerable evidence is available which points out the superiority of the early maturing child over the late maturing one.1 The question of the validity of the method used for cataloging children on the basis of maturity will be determined by the significance of differences of means of the two groups so designated on the basis of certain other growths and achieve- ments. Growths and achievements so selected were: 1. Weight 2. Dental Age 3. Skeletal Age . Mental Age2 1Douglas M. Moore, "Developmental Concordance and Discordance During Puberty and Early Adolescence," Society E33 Research In Child Development, Vol. XVIII, No. 55, 1953, passim. 'fl— 2Mental ages were averaged when two or more were PBCOrded for a single year. // 31 TABLE I ; I-A‘DESCRIPTION OF EACH OF THE EARLY MATURERS TERMS OF NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS AND TIME OF THE INITIAL MEASUREMENT]- are numbered as follows: case number number of annual measurements age in months at initial measurement WNW II II II // TABLE II A DESCRIPTION OF EACH or THE LATE MATURERS IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS AND TIME OF THE INITIAL MEASUREMENTl are numbered as follows: case number number of annual measurements age in months of initial measurement I'D II I! ll 33 5. Reading Achievement1 6. Arithmetic Achievement2 The mental ages were measured by many different in- telligent tests. All the children received at least one individual Stanford Binet and some received as many as seven. The following group tests were given to all, and every child had a mental age measurement every year: Dearborn, Form A. and C.; Otis Primary, Form A; Otis Self—Administering Test of Mental Ability, Form A and B; Haggerty Intelligence Tests; Terman Group Test, Form A and B; Detroit Advanced Intelli- gence Test, Form V and W; Kuhlman—Anderson Intelligence Test; Revised Army Alpha Examination, Form V and VII. Reading achievement was measured in the early grades by use of the Haggerty Reading Examination, Sigma 1; Ayers Measurement of Silent Reading—Scale l, 2, 3; Chapman-Cook Speed of Reading Tests; Chapman Unspeeded Reading-Comprehen— sion Test. To measure reading achievement in junior and senior high the Stanford Achievement Tests-—Forms A, V, W; Iowa Silent Reading Test—-Forms A and B; and the Shank Tests Of Reading Comprehension were given. The Progress Tests in Arithmetic-~Primary, Intermedi- ate, and for Grades Six, Seven, and Eight were given to measure longitudinal growth in arithmetic. In later years 1Reading and arithmetic scores were not included in ghe Dearborn Volume III so were taken from the original case iles. Ibid. 3A the New Stanford Arithmetic Test—~Form A and Y; New Stanford Achievement Test—~Form V and W; and the Schorling-Clark- Potter Arithmetic Test was given to measure growth. The data regarding mental development is not as com- plete as one would desire of longitudinal data. As was pre- viously mentioned, group mental tests were given every year but different instruments were used. No attempt was made to standardize the scores on these tests but instead they were averaged per year with the thought that the quantity of scores used would smooth out curves and give a quite accurate measurement of mental growth. As scores for the Stanford—Binet Individual Test, reading tests, and arithmetic tests were not collected every year, Tables III and IV summarize the number of scores which were available on these children, per every year of a thirteen year period. D. Method. Growth in height appears to follow closely to a straight slant but deviating abruptly on a new rate at approximately the age of adolescence.1 Because of this phenomenon it was decided to compute a line of best fit for the pre-adolescent years in order to determine the age at which the data eventually departed and thereby to differentiate the cases into early and late growers. lStolz and Stola, op. cit., p. 7. .w 5 H.— 5 . 3 k... 9. ,..__..... H a Q. H w m m 3 mm mm m ., m w m AM OH w m S on mm H mm a: w . m: m: MH .. om 0H m: 3H mm i H mm H 3 am 3 : we mm mm H ma . ma H mm ma A. ,_. we H mm m W as mm ma a Wm H i, wcaanozom enoucmpm mmmnwonm xcmnm won Bomcmum xooo a??? munmmwmm 35m a. I GMEQMSU €09“ng Hana—0.x. ..c Udpmfinufihd wCvamm :._ . mezmgfimzH SE. SEES 28. ES Egg: + a...“ HAMRN Mm? zo m8§m9 it. .‘C-‘k 4. I. I‘ll, ‘ 1o 1"" human dev related i 3. maturing predictio 4. their onl 5. are they II Il.‘(“\l.|‘(("‘(( {(1 {(1‘1$(((.l‘(ffllr\tttl \ I... Y: _ Alf/ii . v\\ //‘.. BIBLIOGRAPHY i‘...‘ ‘. ‘IIII‘I‘. a, ‘ .‘Iih' {.1 k[ I I \ \ .. l l. .t (n. l l x I {v f l I [5 fl. .Ill'. (\\ .. .I 1.111 BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Barker, R. G., J. S. Kounin, and H. H. Wright. Child Behavior and Development. New York: McGraw—Hill Book—Co., 1943. Brink, Raymond W. A First Year of College Mathematics. New York: D. Appleton Century Co., Inc., 1937. Burlington, R. S. Handbook of Mathematical Tables and Formulas. Sandusky, Ohio: Handbook Pub., Inc., 1940. Carmichael, Leonard, editor. Manual of Child Psychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1953. Cattell, Psyche. Dentition as a Measure of Maturation. Cambridge: Howard University Press, 1928. Courtis, S. A. Maturation Units and How to Use Them-~A Manual of Directions for Research Workers in the Biological Sciences. Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, 1950, —T The Measurement of Growth. Ann Arbor: Brumfield and Brumfield, 1932. Towards a Science of Education. Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers, 1951. Dearborn, Walter F. and J. W. M. Rothney. Predicting the Child's Development. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sci- Art Publishers, 1941. Garrison, Karl C. Growth and Development. New York: Long— mans, Green, Co., 1952. Gesell, Arnold. Infant Development. New York: Harper and Bros., 1952. . The Mental Growth of the Preschool_Chi1d. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1925. , Catharine S. Amatrude, Burton M. Castner, Helen Thompson. Biographies of Child Development. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1939. 109 Gesell, Arnold, and Others. The First Five Years of Life. New York: Harper and Bros., 1940. ‘— , and Helen Thompson. The Psychology of Early Growth. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1938. Hurlock, Elizabeth B. 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'"Physical Growth," Review 92 Educational Research, Vol. 22. Washington, D. C.: American Edu— cational Research Association, 1952. More, Douglas M. "Developmental Concordance and Discordance During Puberty and Early Adolescence," Monographs of the Society For Research In Child Development, IncTT Vol. XVIII, Serial No. 567‘No. l, 1953. Shirley; Mary M. Postural and Locomotor Development, Vol. 1; Intellectual Development, Vol, 2; Personality Mani- festations, Vol. 3. Minneapolis, Minnesota: The University of Minnesota Press, 1931, 1932, 1933. Shuttleworth, F. K. '"Sexual Maturation and Physical Growth of Girls Age Six to Nineteen," Monographs of the Society For Research inChild Development, V817_2, No. 5. Washington, D.C.: 1937. . "Sexual Maturation and the Skeletal Growth of Girls Age Six to Nineteen," Monographs of the Society For Research in Child Development, Vol.“3, No. 5. Washington, D.C.: 1938. __ , gt al, "Harvard Growth Study Data," Monographs 9; Society For Research in Child Development, Vol. 3, No. 1. Washington, D.C.: 1938. 112 Shuttleworth, F. K. "The Physical and Mental Growth of Girls and Boys Age Six to Nineteen in Relation to Age at Maximum Growth," Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 4, No. 3. Washington, D. C,, T939. . "The Cumulative Influences on Intelligence of Socio-Economic Differentials Operating on the Same Children over a Period of Ten Years,” Thirty-Ninth Yearbook, National Society for the Study of Education, Part II. Bloomington, Illinois: Public 88hool Pub. Co., 19AO. ‘"The Adolescent Period: A Pictorial Atlas," Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol. 13, No. 2. Washington: D.C., 19A9. Simmons, Katharine. ”The Brush Foundation Study of Child Growth and Development: II Physical Growth and De— velopment," Society for Research in Child Development, Monographs, Vol. II, No. 1. Washington, D.C.: Nat— ional Research Council, 19AM. Stuart, Harold C. and Robert Reed. "Certain Technical Aspects of Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development," American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health, Vol. 41, Part 2. New York: American Public Association, Inc., 1951. Terman, L. M., et.al. ‘"Genetic Studies of Genius,"Mental and PhysiEaT—Traits of a Thousand Gifted Chifdren; Vol. I. Stanford, CaTifornia: Stanford University Press, 1925. White House Conference on Child Health and Protection. Addresses and Abstracts of Committee Reports. New York: The Century Company, 1930. White House Conference on Child Health and Protection. Part I: General Consideration; Part II, Anatomy and Physiology. New York: The Century Company, 1932- 1933. ggpublished Materials Kowitz, O. T. '"An Exploration into the Relationship of Physical Growth Pattern and Classroom Behavior in Elementary School Children " Unpublished Ph.D. thesis Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 195M. Martin, Nally, Rusch, 113 R. E. "The Educational Implications of an Individual Longitudinal Case Inventory." Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1956. T. P. F. "The Relationship Between Achieved Growth in Height and the Beginning Growth in Reading." Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1956. R. R. '"The Cyclic Pattern of Height Growth from Birth to Maturity." Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1956. "The Relationship Between Growth in Height and Growth in Weight." Unpublished Master's thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 195A. Udoh, Ekanem (Benson) Akpan. "Relationship of Menarche to Achieved Growth in Height." Unpublished Ph. D thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 1955- APPENDICES APPENDIX A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA OF EARLY MATURERS Index: The following symbols explain the tests that were used in the study: Haggerty Intelligence Tests . . Ayers Measurement of Silent Reading 1, 2, 3. Chapman Cook Speed of Reading Tests Chapman Unspeeded Reading- Comprehension Test Stanford Achievement Tests Forms A, V, W. Iowa Silent Reading Tests--Forms A and B. Shank Tests of Reading Comprehension Schorling-Clark-Potter Arithmetic Test Progress . . . . . . . A Ch-C Ch Iowa Shank : Sch mm.mm + pmvmwa. u % unsoflpwzvo Coammopwo .m Mm ama - om.aa Mama . mm.oH utoooam owowcwom .H 1 . 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H? om m.H\m m mom I o I H N.Hg N. + o.og m.Hg mN .gngg ommg mwg mmg goome ogmHmz gOHomHNoo ogmHmm ogmHmm om< Housmz conmem umpqum pzmfimm UmpSQEoo DpCmEm>®H£o< .Emhm oo .02 Hm HoH HmH\qm\oH Hz OQNm .oz mmmo 154 XmUcH Op pmmmmn xmmpn maohom mm.0m + enmqu. IIcoHpmsvm coammmpmmm H3HI©©.mH m bImm.mIIumGHm Uhogcmpm "muwc HmCOHpficvd mImH mm gme m xcmzm amma H.Nma N.m I m.©© mom mm HmoH mon mHmH o I om H.NmH w. I m.No m.mm NmH m: gmmH mon meH o I om m.mgH m. + H.mm N.mo mmH m I :H H I mH gomH m m ommH o I mm m.:mH m.m + N.m© m.mw mNH m I MH H I mH mgmH m m omoH o I mm m.mHH m.m + m.ow N.mo ooH HH I HH m I HH mmmH m m oqu o I mm m.mm m. + q.mm m.wm qu mI < ommH mm\¢H g m\@ go o omH o I mm m.:@ g. I o.om o.mm omH oHoH m mH\m m oooH m I oH g.mN o. I 0.3m g.mm mmH m- g goHH m.m\m m owm o I mH N.No o. I m.Hm N.Hm mHH gmoH m.N\m m N\oH g mmoH I m I m m.mm o. g.mg g.mg ooH :\m m mHm I o I o m.qm m. I m.N: o.N: mm gxm g mHN I o I g o.m: o. I g.mg o.gg mN .ngp< comm mm< mm< npmme pstmz COHpmH>mQ usmfimm pcmem mw< HmoCcE cepmmem cmomdpm pzwfimm UmHSQEoo DPC®E®>®H£O< .Emcfim oo .02 HH Hz MPH Hofl\fl\N Hz mmNm .oz mmmo 3N.Hm + EmzamH. IICOHpmsvm coammmpwmm meCH 0p pmwmmn Wm wma I mm.HHIImeHm whomcmpm "wumv HmCOHpH©©< xmmhn machom I mmm I m.O3H H.m I m.HN m.mo mHm wImH gmmH m HomH 3mm I m.omH N. I m.wo m.wo mom mm HomH mon m3NH mHm o I mm m.mmH m.H I m.oo m.mo mmH o I NH oH I HH gon m m mng How 0 I mm o.mmH 3.m + 0.3o o.No HmH oH I mH oH I HH gooH m m oN3H me o I mm m.mmH o.m + 3.mo 3.mo moH m I mH w I OH mm3H m m om3H mNH o I mm H.moH m.H + m.oo N.Ho NmH HH I 3H m I oH oH3H m m oo3H moH o I om m.3m 0.H + o.wm 0.0m m3H mI < UHOH w m\m go om3H mmH o I mH o.mN w. I m.mm H.mm mmH ooHH m.oH\oH m m\o go ommH NmH o I mH 3.oo o. I N.mm H.mm HmH o I 3 g3HH m.m\HH m oom mmH H I HH o.oo 3. I m.Hm H.Hm moH gHoH m.o\N m o\m g 3mm 3HH o I oH w.mm 3. I m.m3 m.m3 Nm m.H\3 m o\m g «mm HoH m I 3 o.m3 N. I m.N3 m.m3 mm mwm m m3N mm o I o m.m3 m. I m.m3 3.33 3N .gngg omog mwg mwg gomoe ogmHmz gOHomH>mo ongom ogmHom mmg gggm5m>mHgo3 Hmogmz geomngm owwwmmm ogmHom oooso50o oo .02 > ”g 3.H MNH\om\m mg mon .02 $8 156 ©©.mm + HmmmHm. II coapmswm :onmmpmmm mecH ow pmNme mmH I NH.mH IIomgHm ogoogmom “mono ngoHoHoog gmmgg mHoNom m3 mm HmNH com mon mqwa O I mm N.mwa w. I m.mb 3.HN Ema N I mH HH I mH gHwH m m wmoH o I mm m.HmH H.H + o.mw N.ON me H I 3H HH I mH gHmH m m mmmH o I mm m.03H 3.H + o.N© 3.m© mNH m I mH H I mH ommH m m m ommH o I mm m.mHH 3. + 3.30 m.3o HoH 3 I HH HH I HH om3H m m om3H o I mm m.3oH H.H I m.Ho m.oo m3H m 3 oNHH N\HH go o3mH o I mm 3.mm o.H I m.mm m.mm NmH oHHH m.oH\oHI m N\m go oomH H I om m.ow N I N.om o.om mmH oI 3 g3HH w.N\N m 03m m I 3H 3.HN N. I H.3m 3.mm mHH gmoH m.o\3 m oH\m g mmoH o I mH m.oo m. + m.Hm N.Hm HoH o.o\o g m\@ g mom I m I oH m.oo o. + m.o3 m.m3 mo m.m\m m gmN I o I oH m.Hm o. + m.o3 m.o3 NN .gngg ommm mmg mwg gummy ongoz goHomH>ma ogmHmm ongom mmg Housmz CONmmem GmPQSLM pszmm UmpSQEoo QpCmEm>mH£o< .Emhm oo .02 HHH Hm Hmz HwH\m\mH H2 NmNm .oz mmmo 7 5 1 00.0m + H wmmma. II coprzvm Qonmmpwmm vacH ow pmmmmn m3H I om.mH IIomgHm ogoocmom "momo ngoHoHoo3 gmmgg mHoNom N I mH HH I mH gomH m m mmmH mmH o I mm m.mmH o. m.mo w.mo 33H mI 3H 3I mH gmNH m m ommH mmH o I wm m.mmH m.H + o.oo m.Ho mNH oImH 3ImH m3mH m m ogmH «NH 0 I mm o.NoH H.H + 3.3m m.mm HoH oHImH mIHH mmmH m m o3oH 03H 0 I mm 0.33 N.H I o.mm 3.3m 33H m I 3 ooHH m.Hm\om m oH\m go oO3H HMH o I om N.oN 3.H I 3.mm 0.3m NmH o3oH m\mHI m o\3 go o33H mHH 3 I mH m.m@ m.H I 0.Hm w.m3 mmH H I 3 gme m.N\o o oooH NoH m I m N.om 3. I 3.33 3.33 mHH gHoH m.o\m o 3\HH g mooH Ho 0 I o 0.3m m. + 3.33 m.o3 HoH m.3\o g m\m g moo 3N o I 3 N.o3 o. + o.m3 3.33 mo w.m\3 m 3NN oo o I o m.H3 N. + 3.H3 H.m3 NN .gng3 omom 333 333 gomoe ongmz gOHomH>mo ogmHmm ogmHmm 333 Hmpsz COomHoxm Umpmdpm ozmHmm om~3quo QoCmEm>mH£o< .Empm oo .02 HHHHmHoHH©H\mH\mH H2 mowm .oz mmmo 158 Hm.Hm + u HmmmH. IIcoHpmsum Cofimmmpwmm XmUcH 0p ummmmn HNHImo.mH HHmHIHm.m IIomgHm ogoogmom “momo ngoHoHoo3 33mgg oHoNom HH I NH mm gmmm m 3g3gm Hmmm mmm I m.mmH m.H I 3.0N m.mo mHm mm HmmH oon womH mom 0 I mm o.o3H o. H.mo H.wo mmH mm gmmH oon HmH o I mm N.N3H 3.H + m.mm m.No NmH 3 I mH HH I mH gmom m m ome 3NH o I mm o.o3H m.H + N.mo m.mo mNH oH I mH 3 I 3H m3NH m m onH H0H o I om m.me m. + m.Hw N.Ho moH N I 3 o3mH wm\om m mH\3H go oomH m3H o I mm m.mm 3. I H.Nm N.om mmH oH H IIII m.mH\mHI g mH\HH go 033H mMH 3 I 3H H.No.N o. I H.mm n.3m 33H I 3 gNHH m.oH\mH m 033H omH o I oH o.NN m. I m.mm m.mm mHH gNm m.m\m m HH\o g mom mHH o I mH H.0N m. + o.om m.om moH m.@\@ m o\o 3 3mm moH H I oH m.mo H. + 3.33 m.w3 Hm m.3\m 3 wow mm o I N m.Nm m. I 3.33 H.o3 ow .EpHp3 vmmm mw< mm< summe pgwfimz coHpmH>mQ psmfimm uswfimm mw< Hmosz Geomamxm UmuQSpm pngmm UmpSQEoo QPCmEm>mHLo< .Empm oo .02 HH Hm Ho HoH\mm\m Hz Hmmm .oz mmmo 0, mm. :m + 800 qua. Hcofipmsvm Cofimmmpwmm meCH 0p memmn a, NomI mo. 3H HNmHI IoN .mH HomH 1 IHH. mH HmoHI Hm. m HomIH3.N II ngHm ogoogmom Hmomo ngoHoHoo3 33mpg mHoNom mIoH mN gNmm m 3g3gm Hon Now I «.33H m.m m.mm 3.oo HHm on H303 mon mmHm 3mm 0 I mm m.mmH m.H 3.No m.mo mmH moH gHom mon wmmH HHm I o.33H m. 3.m© N.m© NwH o I oH o I oH gmmH m Now m ommH mom 0 I mm m.NmH o.m m.mo m.mo 3NH m I mH o I wH o3mH m m ooNH mmH o I Nm m.mmH m.m 3.Ho m.m© me N I 3H m I 3H mNNH m m o3mH moH o I 3m H.HmH m.m m.mm w.Ho HmH mH I 3 ommH m mm\©m m mH\NH go ommH 3mH _o I 0H 3.NoH H. m.Nm m.Nm mmH o H mH\HH I m mH\oH go oo3H me H I mH m.mmm H. 3.mm 3.mm NmH HH 3 gmmH m.m\oH m oomH 33H 0 I mH m.mN m. m.mm m.mm mHH gNmH m.m\oH m mH\3H m mmHH oHH H I oH o.Nm o. N.Hm H.Hm 3oH m.m\o m mHoH mm 3 I o H.mm m. 0.03 . m.m3 Hm Q\o g mom mN H I m m.mm 0.H m.N3 m.o3 Hm .gng3 ommm 333 om3 gomoe HgmHoz gOHHmH>mo ongmm ngHom mw3 Hmosmz COHmmem Umugdpm pgwflmm Umpsgsoo QpcmEm>mH£o< .Empm Ho .02 HHH Hz Hmz HoH\mm\3 Hz 03mm .02 mmmo 160 mm.Hm + bzmeH. IICOHHmSUm scammmhwmm xmocH 0p pmmmmn mNHIm3.mH HomgHm ogoogmpm Hmomo ngoHHHoo3 xmmHg mHoNom N I mH om gme m ggmgm H3om Nmm I m.03H m.m I N.N© m.mo on Hm meH mon mmmH mHm o I mm m.mmH m. I o.mm 3.mo mmH om oon gmNH mmH o I mm 3.3mH m.H + m.m© m.3o omH m I mH HH I mH gHNH m m o3mH me o I mm m.©mH H.m + m.Ho ©.mo 3NH mImH mImH mmmH m m ogoH on o I 33 m.3oH o.H + 3.mm 3.00 moH m I 3H HH I 3H moNH m m oomH NmH o I mH m.Hm o. I m.Nm N.@m omH m- 3 o33H 3 m.om\wm m HH\mH go oomH 33H 0 I oH o.mN m. I m.mm N.3m mMH oNHH m.m\mHI m m\mH go oomH omH H I mH 3.oo m. I H.mm m.mm omH NI 3 gmmH m.w\N 3 o3HH 33H 3 I m m.mo m. I o.Hm m.om 3HH goHH m.m\N m m\mH g mam HHH o I o m.mm m. I o.m3 N.m3 moH o\m m o\oH 3 33m mm m I m o.mm m. I m.o3 N.o3 om m.m\3 3 wow No H I H No3 H. + 3.33 3.33 3N .gng3 3333 333 333 .gommN HgmHmz goHHmH>mo ongmm Hgmng mm3 Housmz COHmmem Umpazgm pgmamm UmHSQEoo QHCmEm>mH£o< .Emgm Ho .02 HHH Hm HH HoH\H\HH Hz Homm .oz mmmo 6 ®H.Om + Ewomom. .onIN0.mH HNmHIwm.HH HmmH Imm.m HmmH I mN.0 me I 30.N IIomgHm ogoogmom IIcoHomsvaOHmmmhwmm Hmpmv HmcoHHH©©< mecH Op pmmmm p xmmpp maozom 0m H033 xgmgm mm0m Now 0 I 0m o.HmH o.m I 3.0N 3.N0 mmH 00H gmmH mgoH mHmH mmm o I mm N.mmH m.H I 3.00 0.00 00H NmH g0Hm mgoH ommm on o I mm H.mHH m. + 0.00 3.00 mNH N I 0H OH I 0H 00mm 0 o3Hm 30H 0 I mm 0.moH 0.3 + H.m0 0.00 m0H HI3H 3I0H oHom m m o3Hm 00H 0 I No m.ooH N.m + 0.00 0.m0 30H oH I 3 0H0H mm\mm m 0H\3H go omom HOH o I 03 m.mm 0.H + m.00 0.00 mmH o33H 0H\0HI.3 3H\3H go ommH m3H 0 I 3H m.mm 3. I 0.00 0.00 03H HH I 3 gm3H III! mH\mH m ommH mmH H I mH 3.mN m. I 3.mm 0.m0 0HH 0H H oH\mH m om\0H m 33mH 00H H I mH 0.30 0. I 3.H0 3.00 3oH 3ooH 0\0 3 0m N0 3 I 0 o.mm m. I 0.03 m.03 Hm 0.3\N 3 00 H I 0 0.N3 0. I N03 3.03 30 .gng3 0303 003 003 gommN ogmHoz gOHHmH>oo ngHmm ngHmm 003 Hmucmz :onmem UmeSLm HQmem UmHSQEoo QquEm>mH£o< .Emer oo .02 H H: Hmz H0H\oH\3 Hz 000m .02 mmmo 162 ’- NN.mm + Hqumfl. IICOapmSUm coammmpwmm xmvcH 03 303039 .3NHI00.HH HmmHImN.oH HmHHImN.NII00gHm 0303g000 H0000 H0goHHHoo3 30030 0H03o0 Hm m3H HoH3 goo mon 0Hm3 o I 03 o.HmH 0.H I m.N0 m.00 03H 03H g0H3 030H 0033 o I 03 3.03H 0. + 3.30 0.00 30H gmH3 303H 0 I 03 H.0HH 0.H + 0.30 3.30 3NH m I mH 0 I 3H 0303 3m0H o I 3H N.03 0. + 3.00 N.o0 00H N I 3H m I 3H 03H3 m m 033H 0 I mH 0.3N H.H I 0.N0 N.0m 03H mH I 3 03mH 0.m3\0m 3 mH\mH go 030H o I 3H o.HN 0. I 0.00 N.30 0mH oH I 3 oNHH 3.mH\mHI 3 3\HH mo 0o0H o I 3H 3.00 3. I H.mm N.3m 33H 0 I 3 gmmH 0.0H\3H 3 o0mH 3 I oH 0.30 H. I 0.00 N.om 3HH go_H m.N\oH 3 mH\NH m 0NmH I 3 I 0 3.30 o. 3.03 3.03 ooH gmoH H30 3 3\3 3 N2 I m I m 3.33 m. + H03 3.03 00 0.H\3 3 00N I o I o 0.33 m. + N.m3 0.33 0N .ng33 0003 033 033 g000e HgmH03 goH00H>0a ngH03 ngH03 003 H0320: Cepmmem Umpazgm pngmm ©033QEOQ pCmEm>mHLo< .8303 g 30 .oz HHH Hm Hmz HNH\mH\0 Hz 3QO .02 000o 163 mm.mm + Hmhdam. IIcoprsdm COHmmmpwmm m3H IHm.mH IIpmch Upomcmpm H0330 HmcoHuH©U< vacH Op pmmmmn x0039 030300 33 33 H33H gom 0203 333H 33H o I 03 H.omH 3. I H.HN 3.0N 33H 3 I 3H 3 I 3H g0NH m m 333H 03H 0 I 33 m.mHH 0 + 0.00 3.30 me 0 I 3H HH I 3H gmNH 3mNH HNH o I 33 m.mHH 3.H + 0.00 m.N0 HNH 3- 3H 3 I 3H 000H 3N3H NmH o I 33 N.N3 3 + 3.30 3.30 30H 0 I HH 3 I HH 000H 0 m m 003H 33H 0 I 33 m.3N 0.H I 3.00 0.30 N3H 0 I 3 033H m.33\33 3 0\N go o0mH HmH o I 03 H.3N 0. I 3.30 3.Nm 03H 00HH 3.HH\3 I 3 0\0 mo oomH 0HH m I 03 0.N0 3. I 0.00 3.33 33H oH I 3 gmmH 0.N\HH 3 omHH 00H 3 I 3H 3.30 3. I H.33 3.30 HHH 0 0H m.0\0 3 0\N 3 00HH m3 3 I oH H.30 H. I 0.00 3.03 33 0.0\3 3 3\HH 3 0N3 3N 3 I 0 H.om 0. + 3.N3 3.03 N0 3\0 3 033 30 H I 0 3.m3 m. + 0.33 3.33 0N .gHH33 0003 033 033 go00e ngH03 coHp0H>03 HgmH0m 0ng0m 003 H3320: COpmamxm UmeSpm unwamm Umysqeoo pCmEm>wH£o< .Empm 0 30 .oz HHH H3 Hmz HNH\0\3 Hz o0Hm .02 000o mm.om + BHOQNH. IICOHP0SU0 :030003w0m .wHHIwm.HH HmHHIw3.oH “0QHm Upomc0uw 164 X0UQH Op p0m0mn H0000 H0COH3HUU< 30039 030300 03 3g0g0 H333 H 30H 0.H I N.N0 3.00 303 o I 03 0.00H H. + 0.00 N.00 N3H m0 g3H3 0on 003H 0 I 03 3.03H 3.H + 3.00 0.30 00H 3 I 0H N I mH gHmH . 0 0 330H 0 I 03 H.03H 0.H + 0.H0 0.30 mNH 0 I 3H 0 I mH 0NNH m 0 3N0H o I N3 3.moH N. + H.30 0.30 H0H H I 0H N I 3H 0NNH 0 003H 0 I 33 H.03 0. I o.N0 0.00 33H NI 3 0HmH IIIII 0.H3\03 3 3H\oH go 00HH o I 3H 3.00 N. I 0.30 H.30 NmH 0 I 3 03oH m.HH\3HI 3 0\m go ooHH o I 3H 3.NN m. I N.30 3.30 03H 0 I 3 3 I 0 0.30 3. I 0.00 0.00 0HH 3\0 3 0mmm 3 I 3 3.30 o. 3.03 3.03 HoH o.3\0 3 H\N 3 030 o I 3 3.00 o. 0.03 0.03 30 0u\m 3 0H0 0 I o 0.03 H. + 3.03 0.33 0N .gHH33 0003 003 003 g000e 0g0H03 g0H00H>0o 0g0H00 0g0H0m 003 H0pc0z :000H0xm 003Q53m pzmfi0m U035QEOQ QowEm>mH£o< .80L& 30 .oz Hm H02 HNH\03\0 Hz N030 .02 000o 165 X0©CH Op 3030m mo.Hm + BaqomH. IICOHP0SU0 :ofimm0pw0m n H33HIo3.mH HN3HI03.HH H3HHI33.HHI00gH0 0303g000 H0000 H0g0H0H003 30030 0H03o0 00 N3 gN3H gom 3:0g0 HHo3 I 0.03H 0.3 I N.30 3.N0 3H3 o I 0H H30H 0 033H 0 I 03 0.03H 3. I 0.N0 H.N0 303 N I 3H 0 I 3H g30H m 0 0NNH o I 03 0.NmH 3. + 3.00 0.00 03H 3 I HH 0 I 3H gHOH 0 0 300H 0 I N3 0.03H 0.3 + 3.00 N.00 0NH 0 I HH H I HH 030H 0 0 333H 0 I 03 m.0HH o.3 + H.H0 H.00 00H 3 I HH 0 I OH 00HH 0 m 030H 0 I 03 3.03 o. 3.00 3.00 30H 3 I 3 0HHH 0IIII 3\0 3 0\0 go 030H 0 I 03 N.30 3. I N.00 0.00 33H 3 I 3 003 m.3\oHI 3 0\3 go 003H 0 I 0H 0.0N 3. I 0.30 N.00 omH 00HH >\3 3 030H 3.N0 0. I 3.30 0.H0 0HH 0H3H 0.3\m 3 003H 0 I 0 3.30 H. I 3.00 H.o0 0oH . 030H m.3\0 3 H\3 3 003 3 I 0 3.00 H. I H.03 0.03 33 0.H\m 3 000 3 I o N.o0 H. + N.03 0.03 H0 .g0H33 0003 003 003 g0003 Hg0H03 goHH0H>03 0g0H00 0g0H00 003 H0pC0z :030H0xm 00PQ33m pcwfi0m 0003QE00 DwC®E®>mH£o< .Emhm 30 .oz HHH Hm Hmz H0H\o3\3H Hz NHmm .02 000o APPENDIX B STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DnTA OF LATE MATURERS mm Nm.om + HN3NH. II 20300300 coamm0uw0m x00cH 00 p0m0mn 1 00HI0m.3H 00gHm 03030000 H0000 H000H0H003 30030 0Ho3o0 0I 0H 33 g0H3 m 300g0 HHm3 03H I 3.03H N. + 0.N0 0.00 HH3 N3 30H H303 000 030H 0NH3 30H 0 I 03 3.33H H.H + N.00 0.00 33H 03 00H gm3H 000 0303 000H 30H 0 I 03 H H3H H. I 0.00 0.00 NOH m I 0H m I 3H g0NH 0IIII 0 0 300H 00H 0 I 03 3.00H 0.H I 0.H0 0.00 0NH H I 3H 0 I 0H m 0 3HNH 33H 0 I 03 N.03 0. I 3.30 0.00 00H 0H I HH 0 I 3H 030H 0 m 030H 33H 0 I 03 0.00 0. I 3.N0 3.00 HOH 3 I 3 030H m.33\03 3 3H\NH go om3H 0HH 0 I NH N.3N m. I 0.00 0.00 30H 0 HH m.0\0 I 3 0\NH 0o 033H N0H 0 I 0H H.00 H. I 3.00 H.00 N3H HHI 3 03HH 0\N 3 000H I 0 I HH 0.30 H. + H.H0 3.H0 0HH 0N0H 0\3 3 3\NH m 000H 30 H I 0 N.30 3. + 0.33 3.33 00H m.0\0 3 0\3H 3 000H 3N 3 I 3 0.00 m. + 3.03 3.N3 H3 00 3 I 0 3.03 H. + 0.33 3.33 3N .g0H33 0003 003 003 g000e 000H03 goH00H>00 0g0H00 0g0H00 003 H0020: :000H0xm 000dem uan0m 00033800 QuC0§0>0H£o< .8003 30 .oz >H H3 H32 H0H\3\0H Hz 00H .02 0000 I\ 168 .mm.3m + quwm3. II30330500 3030003m03 .00HIN0.3 H33Im3.0 II00ch 03030000 H0300 3030303003 30033 03 303033 x0039 030300 HHIHH 00 g3NH 0 3:0g0 HmmH 0.33 3. + 0.00 0.30 003 H00H 033H 0 I N3 H.30 m. I 3.00 0.00 03H 3 I HH 3 I 3H gHNH 0IIII 0 0 000H I 3.30 0. I 3.00 3.30 00H 0I 0H 3 I 3H 0 0 H33H I 0.3N 3. I 0.00 3.00 HNH 3 I HH 3 I HH 000H 0 0 303H 0 I 03 0.00 0. 0.30 0.30 30H N I 0H 3 I 0H 000H 0 0 000H 0 I H3 0.00 m. + 0.00 H.H0 N3H 0 I 3 003H 0.3H\03 3 N\mH go 003H 0 I 0H 0.00 m. + 3.33 0.33 00H 030H m.0\m 3 0\3 0o 000H 3 I 3H 3.00 m. + N.N3 0.03 03H 3 I 3 00H 003 0 I 0H H.00 3. + H.03 0.03 HHH 0NHH 0.0\0 3 HH\0 3 000 3 I 0 0.N3 H. + N.33 0.33 00H 0.3\3 3 0N0 0 I 0 0.03 0. I 0.H3 3.H3 NN .g0H33 0003 003 003 g000e 0g0H03 00H00H>00 000H00 0g0H0m 003 303:0: 303030xm 000353m 030303 00353800 puC080>03£o< .8033 30 .oz HHH Hz Hmz H0H\0H\0 Hz NN3 .02 000o H .s. rub-mIoFJI. F. . r 169 $0.0m + HN3333. 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Height in Inches —t kfl U1 81 81 U1 01 on C) m t‘ O\ 03 Q I T I Case — A; y = .18846 t + 32.52 Straight line Growth ‘ Actual Measures ' 160 l 150 I I '1 65—“—“"86’*' 100 120 Age in Months 223 180 7a _. 72- I I 70‘ 68.8 66-. 6AI_ I 621 6b L Height in Inches U1 (1) I 50 ._ 48‘ 8 A6 + AA T he -. 38 8 36'“ Case - 150 Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures ab 1 120 Age in Months I 1A0 y = .18783 T + 29.A6 l 165_"' 224 I 180 l 200 | I 7A‘r 72L 70.— o\ o\ 01 a) i i 0\ cm 8 —t I I O\ C) i Height in Inches 81 U1 81 81 81 o Io I: ox a) ‘ I I i 4: OD AA A2. A0‘ 1 38 225 Case - 380 y = .169OA t + 32.62 Straight line Growth --- Actual Measures 86' 160 150* 1A0 1'60 180 2630 Age in Months lb Height in Inches 7n — 72 — 70.4 68 _. 66 -. 6A _. 62 4, 6o _. 58 A» 56 -6 SA'+ 50 -- 1+8 -. A6 1» 42+ _. u2 4- uo —. Case - 53A y = .1891A t Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures + 29.68 226 1 200 Li__, 180 60 80 ioo . l 120 1A0 Age in Months 160“— mm P“ 1 U1 4:— 4, He ight in Inchecgt1 t— .t \fl on ox a) C) m l_ ! l l 4:— 4;- l L‘ O AiL LA) CD I 4:- R) i Case — 606 y = .18953 5 + 32.96 227 Straight line Growth Actual Measures l I '1 ! 320 1E0 £60 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 74 Case - 6A5 y = .18969 t + 29.61 Straight line Growth ——————— Actual Measures - I l ! 6o 80 100 1 L i2o lAO 160 Age in Months 180 228 200 Height in Inches 7244 Case — 762 y = .18364 I + 28.69 229 Straight line Growth —————— Actual Measures 80 100 120 1A0 160 180 Age in Months I l l l 8f— 200 Height in Inches 71: —» 66 l 6A -t 58 ~- 56 ~~ SA ‘1 52 ~- 50 A 48 A 46 .6 Al A2 J ”y no— 384 Case - 763 60 80 100 y = .17679 t + 3A.02 Straight line Growth Actual Measures 12o 1A0 Age in Months I 160 180 230 200 Height in Inches 231 Case — 89A y = .18089 t + 31.7 A Straight line Growth 7 7 ------ Actual Measures 664 6A- 54-4» 7’ 52‘ 50‘ A6— MAT A2— 40— 38A ‘ ‘ ‘ t i i i : 6b 8b ioo ieo 140 160 180 200 Age in Months ”(A—I 72-. U7 SE Height in Inches t— \n on U1 03 0 I6 .5 4~ 4 . 4- J: 3" AA» u2—_ uo—I Case - 968 y = .18938 t + 31.20 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures ! lOO ! ! 120 lAO Age in Months I 160 I 180 232 200 Height in Inches 68l 14A_. Case - 1093 y = .1683? t + 30.11 Straight line Growth III! ‘ 6o 80 Actual Measures 20 1A0 160 180 Age in Months I—‘- 233 200 68-6 66- 6a.. 62-_ OW (.3 l Height in Inches \n U1 01 01 \n .0 “3 F .0 90 l I l l l J: 90 I AAA 42“ A0... 0) CD I Case "" 1127 y : Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures 146/. .20788 t + 3A.39 23A 6o 80 100 120 lA0 160 180 Age in Months 200 ‘In [III I 1 .I’fillt , . I Height in Inches 78— 72m 525r 235 Case - 1159 y = .20127 t + 31.A6 Straight line Growth Actual Measures _ / I I . I 1h- 60 I E l I 80 100 120 1A0 160 ‘Age in Months I 180 200 Height in Inches Case 74+ 721 I 70. r 666 6A4. 62I 60.- 5&- 56- 511-4- 48? r’ I, A 5’ 6.- h- / ..-/ Straight line Growth Actual Measures I l ' l 80 100 120 1A0 Age in Months - 1197 y = .17036 + 35.95 160 236 180 200 Height in Inches 724-- 72-. 70-. AA— A2— AO—/' 38— Case 60 ~ 1215 Straight line Growth Actual Measures I I ' 80 100 120 y = .20066 t + 31.30 1A0 16o \ Age in Months 237 Height in Inches "744» 72.. 62* WWO 880$ Aa. no“ ~ 38/ Case — ----- Actual Measures 60 - 1239 y + .19022 t + 29.45 Straight line Growth I 80 l 100 120 1A0 Age in Months I 160 I 180 238 200 Height in Inches 744 72g 70— 68- 66— 64A t8??? U1 m l 42- 4o— 38— Case - l2A8 y = .18915 t + 32.A8 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 239 6o 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months 180 200 Height in Inches 72+ U1 Q l I AA-. 42-~ A04. 384 Case -l27O 2A0 y : .185u8 t + 33.45 Straight line Growth Actual Measures f/ 1 l l I 160 180 “I" £20 iuo 200 Age in Months 100 Height in Inches Case - 1315 y = .17828 t + 33.73 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 7A4 ‘— 72+ 70+ 66“ / 6AI ' / l / / 62-- V 1 664. ' / _ / 58 I / / 56“ ///:’ / 54+ "/ 52'” /7 50-. // 48_. / A6~I /; 44—» A2-I 40* 384 l I I l 60 80 100 120 1A0 160 Age in Months I!— - 68‘? / ///x 180 2A1 200 Height in Inches 2A2 Case - 1382 y = .20181 t + 32.86 Straight line Growth ,’ 74- ----- Actual Measures 72% 704 /'/ / 684- / / /./ 668 / I \\\ \ \ 58v //9 56“ 4{’ A8- / A6“ 44-. 404 I I l 1 I I I l 60 80 100 120 1A0 160 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 74.. 72-- 70-4 667 6A” 52—- 484. 46-- 44— 42— 40.— 6O 80 100 Case - 1616 y = Straight line Growth ————— Actual Measures 1 I 120 1A0 Age in Months I I l 160 .1A9A1 t + 38.82 180 2A3 2OO Height in Inches 7A~ 72. 708 68a 667 62m 60—. 58+ 56+ BA—I 524 50-» 48.. 46- 42... 40... 38-. AA—t/// Case — 19A8 y = 2AA -l9373 t + 33.67 Straight line Growth I,/' Actual Measures ' x I /, _ x I I I I I I I 100 120 1A0 160 I80 200 Age in Months_ ......H .~— .‘.H_I\—._._— Height in Inches 74.- "(OIL 68.. 66. 6A2 60“ 58+ .2' O l I 2A5 Case - 2007 y = .18726 t + 26.23 Straight line Growth ——————— Actual Measures l 60 80 I00 I20 1A0 160 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 74. 72+ 705 68.. 66+ 6A—~ 607 58-. 56- 544 52-. 504 A2? 38L Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 120 1A0 Age in Months -I d— -lOO .20036 t + 30.38 I I 160 180 2A6 1- 200 Height in Inches T— 721 70-. 66.- 6A..- 62-- 60.r 58» 56. 54» 52» 504 48-. A6—I 44... 424 40* Case - 2098 y = .17023 t + 32.71 Straight line Growth ——————— Actual Measures I l 2A7 r ‘- 60 80 1+- 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 160 180 200 Height in Inches 7A” 72A 70” 50+ 48T A6“ 14A4- A2- A04 388 Case - 2202 .19551 t + 27.58 y: Straight line Growth Actual Measures afi— l I 80 100 120 140 160 180 Age in Months 84- 200 Height in Inches 74 72‘ 70. 68. 64 62 60 58 56 5A 52 48. 46 44 42. A0 38. I I Case - 2301 y = .15643 t + 38.02 Straight line Growth ————— Actual Measures 60 80 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 160 180 200 Height in Inches Case - 2376 1 y = .20861 t + 29.61 Straight line Growth 7A7 ------ Acutal Measures 725 70“ 68? 66- 6A- 62+ 60.- 58? 56~ 544 52- 50 48- 2’ l I 250 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 160 £80 200 Height in Inches 52-7- 50-- 48-. Case - 2396 y = .173A7 t + 3A.27 Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures I - 100 120 1A0 Age in Months — ._ I 160 V 180 251 200 Height in Inches 74-. 72-7 70+ 684 664 6A—- 62-. 601 58-. 5 6—- 5111* 50—, 48—. A6~ 44—. 42- A0- 38— Case 60 - 2A00 y = .2073A t + 3A.27 Straight line Growth 80 ----- Actual Measures 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 160 180 200 Height in Inches 74.. 7 2—1. 70- 66m 6A1 60-. 58. 56. 54... 52- 50-. 48-. 46- AA" 424 Case - 2A06 60 y: Straight line Growth Actual Measures I2______1.__._.J———-———i—f————«Lf 80 100 120 .17555 t + 32.77 1A0 160 Age in Months 180 253 200 Height in Inches 741. 721» 46—1 44- 42— 404 38- Case - 2A56 y = .1985A t + 30.97 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures ' £00 £20 1A0 Age in Months 8-.. CI) 0 160 180 25A 200 Height in Inches 74. 72m 52- 501 A8-~ A6- AA- 42— A0w 38- - 2539 y = Straight line Growth Case ----- Actual Measures 100 120 .21062 t + 31.55 m- I 140 160 £80 Age in Months 200 Height in Inches 74—» 72” 621 604- 58* 56.. 5A” 522- 501 48 46.. 44.. 424- 40— 38s Case - 25A7 y = Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures l l I I I . . 60 80 100 120 140 Age in Months .19717 t + 36.71 I l ‘ I 160 180 256 200 Height in Inches 741 72-. 70-- 681 66.. 6A” 602 SA” 5 2'”- 50* 14A«- 42-5 404 Case - 2569 257 y = .17531 t + 30.36 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 1 I 100 1 I I I 120 1A0 Age in Months 41- 160 dp 180 “‘1' 200 Height in Inches 74- 70- 68- 661 64- 62 604 58 56 54- 52‘ 5o“ 48- 46 AA~ 40 387 I I I Case - 2611 y = Straight line Growth Actual Measures I 60 80 l I 120 140 Age in Months . i I 100 160 .18069 T + 30.50 7 180 i 200 Heightin Inches 72.- 70- 66.- 64.- 62- 60.- 58.- 56.. 5A— 52-- 50-- 48-- 46-~ 4441 A25 I 40-- 38-- Case - 2668 y = .19257 t + 32.22 Straight line Growth - Actual Measures 259 ‘— 60 80 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 160 180 200 Height in Inches 741 52" 50‘- 484 46- AA—r A0-- 38- Case — 2700 y = .17440 t + 26.83 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures . I ' 260 J— 1 I 60 80 100 120 . 1A0 160 180 Age in Months 200 Height in Inches U1 ‘7 4:" 7’ 46- 42— 40— 38—1 U1 \3 f 51‘ U1 3) Case - 2723 Y Straight line Growth Actual Measures I I I I 120 .17824 t + 29.23 I l 140 160 Age in Months 180 261 200 7AA 72- 70- 68- 66- 6A- 01 '13 “C? U1 U7 1: Height in Inches U1 n) I 484’ 42- 40—- 38.1.. W 9“? U1 0 I Case - 2728 *— ----- Actual Measures di- 80 i 100 y Straight line Growth I 120 i 140 Age in Months .15891 t'+ 33.5A i 180 262 200 Height in Inches I 7A1 52“ 50« A8-. AA“ 42—- 381 LLO-I/ Case - 2738 y = Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures ./9 263 .18A2A T + 30.98 ‘ ‘— .F L I 120 1A0 Age in Months 60 80 100 160 180 200 7AA 721 O\\1 7’ ? 01 cm f’ ‘7 U1 U1 01 O\ 9‘ q) ‘? P 1 fl I T Height in Inches U1 U1 P 1F I 50J A8“ 46- Case - 27A1 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 26A .13822 t + 30.45 -II- 53 Eb 100 120 , i 140 160 180 Age in Months Height in Inches 74— 72— 702 8; 83 59 ‘fi 1 I ! 3’ J:— 7’ A6“ AAm 42—' 40—. 38—- Case - 2762 y : Strai Actua ght line Growth Measures .181A3 t + 31.74 265 Age in Months /' I I, I 4'/- / ,3, ,/ . / "'/ / / / /' 7” . / /'// / I/ 1/ 1/1/ ,/// x ,6? /,, / /7' /9 ///> , / /// .// // //// ' . I I I I I 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Height in Inches 71 72T 70- 664 6A- 503 485 I b 2 6 Case - 2787 y = .21589 t + 29.69 6 Straight line Growth ————— Actual Measures 1 I l 160 180 80 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 200 Height in Inches U1 .1: l I U1 m t 1: CD 1% J‘: 9‘ T W (II) I Case — 2805 y = .19928 t + 26.09 Straight line Growth _ ..... Actual Measures 1 l l .l 267 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Age in Months 200 Height in Inches 744 664 6A- 62... 601 58-. 564 541 52—1 50—- 484- 46—- 44-; 42A 38” Case 60 - 2811 y = .1598A t + 32.1A Straight line Growth Actual Measures 80 100 ! ! 120 1A0 Age in Months I 160 180 268 200 741 72+ 681 664 Height in Inches 269 Case - 2831 y :.18221 t + 31.81 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 1 v 1 v v 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Age in Months 7A4 72“ 70" r 668 6A-- 62* Height in Inches 50-- 487 A61 T A2"/' I A0... 38- Case - 28A0 y Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures I I l l ' .16A66 t + 3A.59 270 60 80 100 120 1A0 Age in Months 160 180 200 74— 72— 70- O\ (1)0 \fi 4;: Height in Inches U1 \fi Q\ U1 83 I 1 I Case - 2868 y = .17796 t + 32.6A Straight line Growth Actual Measures - I g ’l '4 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months '1 180 271 200 Height in Inches 2 Case - 2961 y = .1736A t + 31.25 72 741 _____ Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 70-5 68-1» 664 641 / ,, , 6244 [I ./ 6017 / ./"' 58-1- ' ,7 56—- 52-- 2 50-- '/' 484 7 AA“ 42‘- ”015/ 38_ ’ 80 100 120 1I 40 160 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches Case - 3039 y = .19641 t + 28.77 273 Straight line Growth 7A- ' ------ Actual Measures 58.... /// 56* //// ’ / \\ 52” 50-- / 48-~ / L1 6'" 43.” / 40-. 385» . 1 {no 160 180 200 Height in Inches 7A4 724 701 684 66- U1 U1 U1 U1 ID J: (P (I) l i - I U1 (1’ 487* 464 44— 42— 40— Case - 3060 60 y: Straight line Growth Actual Measures I l ' I 160 80 100 120 1A0 Age in Months .20206 t + 30.18 180 27A 200 Height in Inches U1 $> l l 711- 7a 7o._ 681L 66_ 64+ 0\ ml 1 0\ 9 I U1 ED r U1 U1 f‘ C? 1 l K}-1 m 4 I 42‘ q) 1 Case - 3091 60 80 Actual Measures 100 y Straight line Growth 1 120 I 140 Age in Months .15225 t + 33.29 1 160 1 180 275 200 Height in Inches U1 Q‘ 216- 2w 42- AO*//// 38» 276 Case - 3160 y = .2lu76 t + 29.23 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures ,; 1,, I / I, " / .1" I l / ,v / ,/ / ,«" /," r ,/ r‘", ,I' 4 / I will / o" / /'/ it / I I, / // x} // .-'/ r/ .V ./ )7 I I l.’ K, /,r" 4 4. A 1 . i f ' ' i i ' ' o 180 200 50 $0 100 120 140 16 Age in Months Case - 3189 y = .l67u7 t + 31.67 277 Straight line Growth 74F ------ Actual Measures 72- 70- l ‘I 3' 1 .r I \ / x 61*0— if, \n g) r \ \ I! ’/ in Inches U1 \n g- cm I 1 \ \ \ Height U1 A) l ‘\ § 50“ / 44“ //// 38" l 1 l 1 . I 1 60 80 1'00 1'20 1'40 160 180 zoo Age in Months Height in Inches 74» 72. 7e 68— 66 U1 \n Q‘ 46 44. 424 404 38- Case - 3237 y = .17901 t + 30.32 Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures L l ' 80 100 120 1 140 160 180 Age in Months 278 7A- ~-_ 724 Height in Inches :: U1 U1 U1 \n U1 31_ 9’ M t’ Q‘ (F 4:- 01 444 Case - 3272 y = .16568 t + 32.09 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures O\— 1-—- O 0" £00 120 140 Age in Months / '/ (,” .f? /'/ I 1;. . . I £60 180 260 Height in Inche Case - 3279 y .16092 t + 32.67 ‘1' 7A 1 Straight line Growth 72 + ----- Actual Measures 70 4 68.4 66 + 5" 64 1 S U‘l \J‘l U1 8 o\ J: O\ (I) R) 4# 1 14 1 +4 \\ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ U1 R) L \ \ \5'1 O u, § \ \ J:- (I) 4 \. 44 T ///// 42 ” 40 w ! 38 I 1 1 1 1 1 . 6o 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 'Age in Months Ul (D U1 C\ \J'l 4;— U1 h.) Height in Inches 3‘ \fi 6i 3) o 4:- J-‘.—‘ 281 Case- 3291 y = .18139 t + 31.01 Straight line Growth # ----- Actual Measures / / .' /, / ’- / ft, 1.,- W J ‘r' / / f/O / " / ."l / If, / "v.3 / / / 1' / , / '13, - / -‘/ . '/ 7 ,7 ,V ,/ /,' x" /, 4 4'. 4 s I /." / / / " ,. 4/ o” I I 3/ r- "/ .’/ /..‘ fl/ . . i l I I ' ‘ ‘ 200 ‘ ' ' ‘ 40 160 180 ‘ o 120 1 6o .00 10 Age in Months Height in Inches WWWWW tat??? J‘: ‘E’ 116% 44—- 42- 4o— 38—- Case - 3317 y = .18049 t + 31.09 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 1 l l ' 6o 80 100 120 140 Age in Months 160 l 180 282 I 200 74— I 72 70 68_ I 66— Height in Inches U1 \n U1 U1 U1 0\ ox Q 71> t O\ QC O R) I I I l I I l J: Q) I 46 42' 46/ 38' Case - 3332 y = .13883 t + 32.30 Straight line Growth # ----- Actual Measures 1_ l ‘ l I ' l 60 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months 180 200 APPENDIX D GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE MATUPERS 285 Case - 166 y = .1747t + 30.97 7u+ Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 72w . 70-4 6141. a / 6241- i8 WW 2? W W) \ Height in Inches U1 .{2‘ \ U1 0 + \ J:— (E) \ J:— ‘1‘ \\ 11117 f/ L1 2"“ /// 40—1/ 38w 1 1 l l l l l 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 286 Case - 277 y = .128011 t + 31.93 7&7 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 60“ 584- ’I 514.. / 52“ . / / 50-. / ALL-n- 42.. 110-- 3&/ .- 1 J I I l l 60 80 100 120 140 1 60 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 287 Case - 328 y = .17917 t + 35.08 74‘ Straight line Growth # ----- Actual Measures - / 72— ” 70a / 68—, ,/ '7 664, / O\ J:— l \ \ 0\ n) 1 \ 1 1 '3 f- ‘P 9) 1 \ \ \ 1:- O\ i \. 144-1/ ' ' ‘ ' i i I 60 85 100 120 140 160 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 74 L 72.1 704 112‘ 110w 38. Case - 393 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures I 1 I ' ' 6o 80 100 120 1&0 Age in Months y = .17121 t + 29.21 160 288 180 200 289 Case - A28 y = .16142 t + 34.43 74* Straight line Growth ---- Actual Measures U1 (I) 1 \ \ g U1 1 ‘1 \ \ \ \\ \ Height in Inches £3 *: 2; :8 U“ 111.11? \ \ \ \ A 42—//// 4o— 38— I l I | I 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Age in Months 200 7wr 722 I 70. &3_ 6041. Height in Inches J—‘UWU'! 390?“? x— .t I: ‘1‘ P 424 40— 38—1 Case - 479 y = .16075 t + 31.57 Straight line Growth Actual Measures 1 l ! 120 Age in Months .1 *1 I T 100 180 290 200 291 Case - 488 y 2 ,13738 t + 34.4 744 ._____ Straight line Growth 729 ----- Actual Measures 70— 661 642 62 I/ — / ['- 58. . c / 56a ,/’ 544 [5: 521 {/{x‘ 501 3 Height in Inches 48— 2,/ 464 ////’ 44~ I/;/" 42_ .//// / 40_//// 38- . . . . . I. 80 100 120 1'40 I60 180 200 Age in Months 81- Height in Inches 741 724 70- 68— 664 J: thkfikfiwm U1 {:6 1% jE_ E3 'P -? <1 58 42' [U #1_ 40- 381 1 Case - 508 Straight line Growth Actual Measures 1 l L 80 100 120 y = .17428 t + 29.81 I 140 Age in Months 160 180 292 200 Height in Inches 74 72.. 70-, 6ELI 64+ 624 60-1 584 56* 54-1 524 50-1. 48» 44» 4 2—11 38w Case - 616 y = .16029 t + 32.16 Straight line Growth ---- Actual Measures 404/ I I I ' ' ' 60 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months ‘ 180 200 Height in Inches 74 72- 701—. 661- 6%e 62'1- 584 56* 52“ 38+- Case - 635 y = .17269 t + 32.33 Straight line Growth Actual Measures I l l 100 120 140 Age in Months 1 160 180 294 200 742 701- Height in Inches U1 U1 \n U1 8; 0 F’ CD LP - I 1 I I I W Q l b $90 4 6t 444 42* 40+ 381. Case - 648 y = .14960 t + 34.15 Straight line Growth ---- Actual Measures .\\ 4 l l 60 80 100 120 140 Age in Months -II- 41- 4 160 180 295 200 Height in Inches 74. 72*" 68+ 664 64- I. 62¢ 601 1 58+ 561 52-1 50" 484 46» 444» “Eff // u04r 381 Case xi 80 - 661 Straight line Growth Actual Measures l l 100 120 y .16092 t + 33.88 4/ \ l I 140 160 Age in Months 180 296 200 741 _ 72-- I 70- 66. . 64._ 62F 60% U1 U1 \fl F’ O\ Q) r I I U1 M, Height in Inches U1 <2 I .1:- Q3 j 46~ 44r Case - 664 42:////// 40 y: Straight line Growth Actual Measures \\\| I l l 120 140 160 Age in Months .17812 t + 32.46 180 297 200 747 724 704 68+ 664 64—+ 62‘" in Inches 564 54-1 Height 504 48- 461 444 425 40.. 38— 58—» Case - W32 y :.15054 t + 31.05 Straight line Growth Actual Measures . 1 I 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months I T 180 298 200 :y-zwnatf‘u ' {I- 1177. we“! ' HGight in Inches case ‘ 708 y = .16718 t + 29.78 299 74- Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 724 701 68— 66. 64._ 62.. 60.7 58— 564 .V / 54— , 50— 48— / 46— 44— /" 42— 40— 381///// l l l : 60 80 100 I20 140 160 180 200 Age in Months 74._ 72* 707- 681— 66“" 01 cm 8 “13 U1 93" W \D 4.: O? I 1 Height in Inches \N W 0 ID I i 481 I 38t///, Case -739 Y= Straight line Growth Actual Measures l l I 60 80 100 120 Age in Months .15054 t + 31.05 I I I 140 160 l I 180 300 qr— 200 74—7 72_ 70- 68.4 66. 64- W U1 U1 O\ O\ J: (I) 0 ID I 8‘ I I I Height in Inches U1 \fi OR) 1 _L J: (I) L 46— 442 42- 402 38-1 Case - 755 y = Straight line Growth Actual Measures .17738 t + 29.50 301 67> 80 100 120 Age in Months 140 Height in Inches I: U1 U1 92 9 I l 722 70 68— 66_ 64_ 62_ U1 \fi U1 ox P’ (b 93 (P I I I I W I Case - 804 y = 15973 t + 27.63 ._____ Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures ‘- - 120 140 160 Age in Months I80 302 200 Height in Inches 303 Case - 865 y = .15628 t + 29.78 74_. Straight line Growth P— 724 ----- Actual Measures 66.. 6441 6017 ,/> .// 58.1 // 56‘" ' I; / 52-41- /// 48-- / 4 6.- 2 42* ///3/ 40._ I 38- nib-I l 60 80 100 120 I40 150 Age in Months 200 H-— (I) O .— «u- d Height in Inches 74- 72- 704 68. 66 641 62 5'8“ 56 54 52 50- 48 46 44 42 40 $3 I I T I Case - 893 y .15167 t + 29.95 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 304 I I I 60 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months 180 200 ox '9 Height in Inches U1 \fi \fl U1 U1 01 919. 1:90:10. .5: CI) 1 I J: 91 42“ 40‘-/ 38—— Case - 897 y = .18265 t + 31.15 Straight line Growth # ----- Actual Measures 80 100 120 140 Age in Months 160 180 305 200 \. \\ Heightin Inches I 74 72- O\ Q\ I U1 93 r U1 7‘ 1:— I 42— 40+ Case - 1030 Straight line Growth ActualMeasures 80 100 y :.17103 t + 27.36 140 Age in months 160 180 200 Height in Inches 74‘ 72- 68‘ 66— 64- 62- 58- 56- 54- 52-1 50—1 48—- 46-- 44- 42— 40-. 38—- Case - 1045 y = .16631 t + 34.19 Straight line Growth I 100 _____ Actual Measures 120 140 Age in Months 160 180 307 200 Height in Inches Case — 1091 y = .15854 t + 31.10 308 4 Straight line Growth 7 -- w ----- Actual Measures \flU‘IU‘IU'I 94212-6 III] \ \ \ \ \ .I:‘ q) I \\ \\ 42“ .2 40- // 38/ ‘ ' 160 1 0 200 '60 80 100 120 140 Age in Months Height in Inches 71L. 72-- 70.1. 66“ 62" 60-. 58— r 56‘ I 5M: 50- 1 as. 146-— an” 381 £10-- / Case # - 1180 y = .14048 t + 32.55 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 309 100 g . 120 1&0 Age in Months 160 180 é00 ..._r Height in Inches N Q_, l Case - 1186 y = .18197 t + 28.79 Straight line Growth Actual Measures 1 1 ' l 80 100 120 140 Age in Months 310 Height in Inches 74» r72ir 70-4; 64“ WWO\0\ 0??? \N F l U7 I'91— as All? #2.. 110-- 38.- Case - 1216 y = .164u7 t + 33.38 Straight line Growth —— 60 ----- Actual Measures 80 100 120 luO Age in Months I l 160 180 311 "f‘ 200 741 70-.. 66+ 64.- Height in Inches 5' \fl U1 U1 U1 U1 ox 0.0 <1 112 s 9 <90 <2 I l I T 1 I I J: c; 1.121 38». Case 1K%7/// - 1224 Straight line Growth Actual Measures I I ' 100 120 y .17715 t + 31.90 | | 140 160 Age in Months 180 312 200 711- 72fl 684 661 6A1 62-1 Height in Inches 50+ 118-1 2101 11111 112- 110.. 38+ Case - 12AM y = .17815 t + 33.03 Straight line Growth ,//" Actual Measures l L 313 g 100 120 1u0 Age in Months Height in Inches 741— 7Q_ 66 64‘1- I 62w 601’- I 56 52* 50‘ 1 4&- 46¢ 44* 40a- 38” L12../ Case l303 y ‘ Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures 1 l I I 41- Age in Months 60 80 100 120 140 160 — .16797 t + 33.74 180 200 Height in Inches 7L1-L 70-- 68.- 661 611% 62T 601—- 1 Case — l650 y = .1590? t + 3l.66 3 5 Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures I I 1 1 1 I I 80 100 120 1A0 160 180 200 Age in Months Height in Inches 70* 68a 664 614—- 42. MO- 38- - 1686 Case Straight I I x.\ l 5 80 y: line Growth Actual Measures 1 i l . 120 140 Age in Months 100 .16042 t + 30.09 d— 160 316 180 200 Height in Inches U1 0\ O\ ox O\ Ox -4 «a -4 Q” Q) w £7 01 Q) S3 N A: I l I T r r I I I U1 ‘9‘ 11114- 42w- Case lKr;////// - 1777 y = .13257 t + 32.51 Straight line Growth -- Actual Measures 1' ' ..// / / / I l ' ' 80 100 120 140 Age in Months 160 180 317 200 Height in Inches Case - 1874 y =.16377 f + 30.u1 318 74+ Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures 116*- // 42‘ 40.. . /// I \. -u- «r- ‘ 1 I 60 80 .100 d .J- - I 150 1A0 160 180 200 Age in Months in Months U1 ‘1‘ Height 62% 70-. 681 661 611+ ON '32 O\ F) U1 q) UTU'IU" $1.31.: :- CD I 1161 AQt/x 110-- Case 60 - 2062 y: Straight line GrOWth Actual Measures 80 100 ! L 120 140 Age in Months ! 160 .17026 t + 33. 53 I 180 319 200 I 711- 72.. 70 -- 684» I 611 ~ 62 -1 O\ O l I \N 03 Ir 8 U1 \fl L‘O‘x i % U1 U1 R) 1 r Height in Inche ? £— 90 Jr: 0\ 4 1111-. 112-. 140- 38w Case - 2102 y = .16879 t + 32.62 Straight line Growth Actual Measures ! 80 l 100 ! ! 120 140 Age in Months 160 I 180 320 200 Height in Inches 71A. 72— 70_ 68- 66.. 611_ 62 I- 60 ._ 58.. 56 _ sin— 52.— 50._ u8.— 46L MAL 424L— 401 38/ 1 Case - 2lu9 y = .16846 t + 30.71 Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures 1 1 l I I I 60 80 100 120 140 160 Age in Months 180 321 JI— 200 Height in Inches 71-- 72 - 70- 68 4 661 6111 62 1 U1 U1 U7 \7‘ W 8 O R) J: O\ (I) L 1 I J 1_ 1 J: (I) l 46 ‘ 242% 110- 38 - Case - 2234 y = .16584 t +3l.91 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 60 80 100 I I ' 120 1M0 160 Age in Months 180 200 Height in Inches Case - 2282 y = .17294 t + 35.35 323 Straight line Growth ------ Actual Measures //, 81838 W J: 50‘ A8. 46‘ 2111- 110 -— .4!- - l I i I ' I l I 60 80 100 1 20 1110 1 60 180 200 Age in Months I“— Height in Inches 66 624. 621 O\ 9) U1 q) 56‘ t‘ 4: th U1 U1 9‘ q) Q) “E ‘F 44‘ 42- 110-- 381 i I Case - 2465 Y Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures I l l 1 60 80 100 120 .16401 t + 34.75 I l 140 160 Age in Months 180 324 200 Height in Inches 74— 72-J 70— 68— 66— 611— 62- 60- 58- 56. 52— 50— 118— 46— 1111— 112— 40— 38; Case - 2472 y = .14803 t + 31.96 Straight line Growth ---- Actual Measures Age in Months / A ./‘ ’ //'/ . / I I I / ’ / / ./’ g3 ’2 4” , , / I ,1 . /‘, /// 4r” .4/ ,fl 4 _ // // // I // l I l ‘60 I30 100 1 éo 1110 1'60 180 200 Height in Inches 326 Case - 2525 y = .17724 + 28.33 \1 E I Straight line Growth 72“ ----- Actual Measures 70* I 681, G\ 01 F 9“ I O\ W \\\ ox C.D r U1 g) T \\. \ U7 L? fl \ \ \ U7 3' J I \\ \ U1 \fl 9'}? Q\ 4:" <10 11 46" 43 . / . 44* 4// 42* / I \\ 404 38+ 60 so 100 120 1&0 160 180 Age in Months - .- ‘F Height in Inches 327 Case - 2528 y = .17366 t + 30.61 LI- 7 4 Straight line Growth ----- Actual Measures 72~ I 70~ 66~~ ’ 64+ I 62+ / . 111161 ,/ 40—- // 391/ 1 I 60 80 100 120 1A0 160 180 200 Age in Months .J— Height in Inches W W U1 R.) L \ 328 74 Case - 269l y = .15583 t + 31.71 Straight line Growth 72- r ----- Actual Measures I 701 66+ 6u—H- / ’ 621 / U1 01‘ \ \ I: i \ Cf \ <10 42' ON 1 44‘ 42‘ 38s I I L I I I I I 60 80 100 120 140 1 60 180 200 Age in Months ukulflfl.....5 1....” “E e at»; Eu! Demco-293 Date Due «I Y I III 3 x .‘ZHIISAN STATE UNIVERSITY ' "II (““1551 1295 031 LIBRAR‘ES 'TLHSI‘U'ZIISI l 3