ABSTRACT PALYNOLOGY OF THE MONMOUTH GROUP (MAASTRICHTIAN) FROM MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, U.S.A. By Gerald L. Waanders The Monmouth Group as it occurs in Monmouth County, New Jersey is a marine deposit consisting of 4 formations: The Mount Laurel Sand, Navesink Formation, Red Bank Sand, and Tinton Sand. This group is known elsewhere across the state of New Jersey, and in Delaware and Maryland where it is less complete. The age of the Monmouth Group is considered to be Maas- trichtian by most workers, but some believe the lower part to be Campanian in age. In this study, the entire unit is considered Maastrichtian. Thirty-seven samples from S localities were examined for palynomorphs. A microfossil flora consisting of 99 Species is described, illustrated, and compared with previous studies. Thirteen of these taxa are new combi- nations, 1 is a new name, 4 are considered new species, and 3 are left only as informal designations. Several dinoflagellates are illustrated as well, but used only for environmental interpretations. Certain paleoenvironmental aspects of the sediments are determined from separate taxon counts, land-derived/microplankton ratios, and dinoflagellate associations. The separate taxon counts provide insights into the nature of the terrestrial plant communities represented by the microfossil flora, where swamp and two types of forest habitats are reflected at various localities. L-D/M ratios and dinoflagellate associa tion oc: conditi: Environ: Sank Sar cne loca continue Hard sit ing thes Iiaton S d€€p wag However, CM neCEE O“fianisms Tax: tables t} to these {he Atla: pal‘Jnof 1. EicrofoS time fra: parable 7 Gerald L. Waanders associations provide data indicating distance from shore at which deposi- tion occurred. The L-D/M data, however, are unreliable in near shore conditions, whereas dinoflagellate associations are always consistent. Environments of deposition are nearshore for the Mt. Laurel and Red Bank Sands, and offshore for the Navesink Fm. and the Tinton Sand. In one locality (Atlantic Highlands), the offshore flora of the Navesink continues into the basal Red Bank Sand, possibly indicating a more sea- ward site of deposition than that noted for the other localities contain- ing these units. The interpretation of offshore dinoflagellates in the Tinton Sand favors the Opinions of those who believe this unit represents deep water, and contrasts those who suggest shallow water deposition. However, distance from shore as determined here by dinoflagellates is not necessarily comparable to water depth as determined by benthonic organisms or lithology. Taxonomic data derived from literature studies are summarized into tables that compare the Monmouth Group microfossils both stratigraphically, to those described previously from the Cretaceous and early Tertiary of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, and geographically, to described palynofloras from the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary of Europe, and eastern and western North America. The stratigraphic data is a compari- son of the distribution of spores and pollen from this study with those microfossil floras found elsewhere in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast in a time framework. The geographic relationships are suggested by comparison of lists of taxa derived from this study to microfossil floras of com- parable age in western North America and Europe. Based on these compari- sons, the flora of the Monmouth Group was found to be more similar to those of western North America than to EurOpean floras. This is in CC‘HtfaS Gerald L. Waanders contrast to the work of Tschudy (1970) who believes that eastern North American pollen floras are more similar to those of EurOpe. PALYNOLOGY OF THE MONMOUTH GROUP (MAASTRICHTIAN) FROM MONMOUTH CO., NEW JERSEY, U.S.A. By Gerald L. Waanders A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Botany and Plant Pathology 1974 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful to Dr. Aureal T. Cross of the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, and the Department of Geology, Michigan State University for his guidance and advice throughout all phases of this study. Thanks are also due to Drs. J. Beaman, w. B. Drew, and S. N. Stephenson of the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Dr. C. E. Prouty of the Department of Geology who served on the advisory committee for this thesis. I am also indebted to several other individuals who provided assistance in this study: Drs. W. w. Brideaux and G. L. Williams (formerly of Amoco Production Company) provided initial field assis- tance. Dr. w. R. Evitt of Stanford University supplied samples for one of the localities. Drs. L. E. Eames, R. W. Hedlund, E. J. Kidson, D. R. Mishell, and C. F. Upshaw of Amoco Production Company assisted with numerous thoughts and comments throughout the writing phase, and Ms. Carol Eames typed the manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided by Michigan State University in the form of a teaching assistantship, and by Amoco Pro- duction Company in the form of field work support and technical assistance. Finally, my appreciation goes to my wife, Harriet, for her under- standing, support, and assistance throughout this study. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O O O O 1 Statement of Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Previous Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GEOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Regional and Structural Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Local Geology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Mount Laurel Sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Navesink Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Red Bank Sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Tinton Sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Age of the Monmouth Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 METHODS OF STUDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Collection of Samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Preparation of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Counting Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l8 SYSTEMATICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Classification and Listing of Taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Bryophyta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Pteridophyta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Embryophyta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Gymnospermae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Angiospermae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7g PALEOENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE MONMOUTH GROUP . . . . . . . . 110 Presentation of Paleoenvironmental Data. . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Paleoenvironmental Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Land-derived vs. Microplankton Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Dinoflagellate Associations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Marlboro Locality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Poricy Brook Locality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Highlands Locality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Atlantic Highlands Locality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Pine Brook Locality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . 128 iii Page MICROFLORISTIC ASPECTS OF THE MONMOUTH GROUP . . . . . . . . . . 134 Comparison of the Monmouth Group microfossils with others from the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. . . . . . . . . . 134 Comparison of the Monmouth Group microfossils with those from EurOpe and western North America. . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Microfloristic Analysis and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . 141 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 APPENDIX I. Location and descriptions of sections collected, and intervals for samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 APPENDIX II. Alphabetical listing by genus of the Monmouth Group taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 iv Table 3a 3b 3c LIST OF TABLES Page The limits of 2 standard deviations to either side of y and lOO-y for selected values of y in a 250 count (after Faegri and Ottestad, 1948) . . . . . . . . . 20 Taxonomic placement of taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 List of occurrences and percentages for the bryophytes and pteridophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 List of occurrences and percentages for the angio- sperms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 List of occurrences and percentages for the gymno- sperms and dinoflagellates, the percentages of the land-derived and micrOplankton groups, and percent- ages of the dinoflagellate associations . . . . . . . . . 114 Known occurrences of the Monmouth Gp. taxa from the Cretaceous and Paleocene of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Monmouth Gp. taxa found also to occur in Europe and western North America during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time 0 O O O O O O O O I O O O O I O O O O O O O 139 Monmouth Gp. taxa with previous occurrences only in eastern North America and Europe during Cretaceous and early Tertiary time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Monmouth Gp. taxa with previous occurrences only in eastern and western North America during Cretaceous and early Tertiary time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14o Monmouth Gp. taxa known only from eastern North Amer— ica during Cretaceous and early Tertiary time . . . . . . 140 Figure LIST OF FIGURES Stratigraphic relations of groups and formations occurring in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain . . . . Comparison of stage nomenclature as it has been applied to the Monmouth Gp. in New Jersey . . Index map showing locations of sections collected Columnar sections of localities showing approximate positions of samples collected. . . . . . . . . . Curves for taxa from the Monmouth Gp. found in excess of 5% in more than two samples. . . . . . . . . Land-derived/Micr0p1ankton curves, dinoflagellate associations, and the Deflandrea minus Areoligera plots for the Marlboro, Poricy Brook, Highlands, and Pine Brook sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land-derived/Micr0plankton curves and dinoflagellate associations for the Atlantic Highlands section, and a comparison of the Deflandrea minus Areoligera plots for both the Atlantic Highlands and the Poricy Brook sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Page 4 . 12 . 15 . . 16 . 115 116 . 117 INTRODUCTION Statement of Problem The following are the goals of this study: 1. Make an in-depth taxonomic study of the spores and pollen found in the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) strata represented in Monmouth County, New Jersey. 2. Determine the environments of deposition of the sediments in the sections studied through the analysis of dinoflagellate associations and other palynomorph groups. 3. Compare the Monmouth Group flora with others from eastern North .America of Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary age. 4w Compare more generally the Late Cretaceous floras of eastern North Ahmerica with some of those described from western North America and Europe. lirevious Work 1. Paleobotanical The earliest studies of fossil plants in this area were made in the late 1800's and early 1900's by such authors as W. M. Fontaine, A. Iiollick, J. S. Newberry, and E. W. Berry. For a review and synthesis <>f these works see Dorf (1952). The stratigraphic units from which I>1ant remains have been described are the Potomac Group and the Raritan Eind Magothy formations (see Figure 1). Plant remains other than palyno- Huorphs are not known from younger Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) tlor from the Early Tertiary formations of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. l 2. Palynological Potomac Group Of major importance is the work of Brenner (1963) who studied spores 21nd pollen extensively, and was able to subdivide the Potomac Group :into several zones. Other works pertaining to this unit are those of (3root and Penny (1960) and Stover (1962 and 1964). Raritan and Magothy Formations The original work in these units is that of Steeves (1959) who annalyzed Spores and pollen from Long Island. All taxa described in that study, however, are related only to modern plant families, and aare not treated in the framework of the more conventional palynologic :systematics. Other studies on these units include those by Groot, Penny aand Groot (1961), Stover (1964), Kimyai (1966 and 1970), and Wolf and ‘Pakiser (1971). Mattawan and Monmouth Groups Taxonomic works on spores and pollen from these units are those IDy'Gray and Groot (1966) who described 27 species from 8 localities éicross New Jersey and Delaware, and Evitt (1973) who recorded 3 speci- nnens representing 3 Species of Aquilapgllenites from the Monmouth Group <>f both Maryland and New Jersey. A few dinoflagellates have also been Ciescribed (Evitt, 1961, 1967a & b). Brightseat Formation The Brightseat Formation is Paleocene (possibly Danian) and is knuown only from the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. lit is equivalent in age to the Hornerstown Formation of New Jersey. A Study of the Spores and pollen of this formation is that of Groot and Groot (1962b) who described 25 species from this unit. study Rarita a trea sperm 3 are DC. (1958 Coasta Of 01$. 31. 19' early 5 Pretat< 1894. Work of those c 5°“ (Id Keller Upper c and Ofle 3 One additional palynologic study is that of Doyle (1969). This study is restricted to angiosperm pollen occurring in the Potomac Group, Raritan and Magothy Formations (Barremian-Santonian). It is primarily a treatment of various morphologic types and how they relate to angio- sperm evolution. 3. Other Paleontologic Work Megapaleontologic studies in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain are numerous. Most significant and recent are those of Richards et. a1. (1958 and 1962) and Sohl (in Owens et.a1. 1970). For a history of early foraminiferal studies in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, see Olsson (1960). More recent works on forams are those of Olsson (1960, 1963 and 1964), Jordan (1962) and Mello (in Owens et. a1. 1970). 4. Stratigraphic Work Stratigraphic studies on the New Jersey Coastal Plain began as early as the mid-eighteenth century. Studies pertinent to present inter- pretations, however, began with those of W. B. Clark and associates in 1894. The first stratigraphic subdivision for this area was from the work of Clark, Bagg and Shattuck (1897). Other sequences to follow were those of Kummel and Knapp (1904), Weller (1907), and Cooke and Stephen- son (1928). The presently accepted stratigraphic sequence is that of Weller as modified by Cooke and Stephenson, who showed that certain Upper Cretaceous units of Weller actually belong in the Tertiary. For a more complete review of these works, see Spangler and Peterson (1950) and Owens et a1. (1970). Time-Stratigraphic Units Rock Stratigraphic Units Series Stages Early Eocene Vincentown Fm. Tertiary Paleocene Hornerstown Sand Tinton Sand Monmouth Red Bank Sand Maastrichtian Gp. Navesink Fm. Mt. Laurel Sand Wenonah Fm. Late Marshalltown Fm. Mattawan Cretaceous Campanian Englishtown Fm. Gp. Woodbury Clay Merchantville Fm. Santonian Magothy Fm.* Cenomanian Raritan Fm.* .P—j- Albian Patapsco Fm. Early ----‘? Potomac Aptian- Arundel Clay Cretaceous Barremian Gp. Patuxent Fm. Figure 1. Stratigraphic relations of groups and formations occurring in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. * Age and interpretation for the Raritan and Magothy Formations follows Wolfe and Pakiser (1971). GEOLOGY Regional and Structural Setting The Atlantic Coastal Plain as described by Richards (1967) consists of two parts--the emerged and submerged units. The emerged unit con- sists primarily of unconsolidated Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, and is the area bordered to the east by the Atlantic shore, and to the west by the Fall Line (a north-south boundary marking the edge of the Appalachian Plateau). The submerged unit is the continental shelf. The widths of these units vary, but in general, they relate inversely to each other so that the total width of the coastal plain is generally uniform. The present study is concerned only with the emerged unit as it occurs in New Jersey. The New Jersey Coastal Plain is made up of mainly unconsolidated sediments ranging in age from early Late Cretaceous to Quaternary, and rests on a basement feature known as the Cape May Slope, a southeast- ward dipping structure. Based on only limited information from a few wells and geOphysical profiles, basement is believed to occur at depths ranging from about 2000 feet in the vicinity of Raritan Bay to about 6000 feet beneath Cape May in the south. Sedimentary facies generally thicken and dip to the southeast with the older Cretaceous units dipping at greater angles than the overlying Tertiary formations. According to Minard and Owens (1960), downwarping during deposition explains the thickening of the sediments basinward. In the same study, they suggest that the locus of 6 downwarping migrated westward since successively younger sediments dip more southward. Sediments also tend to thicken along strike from southwest to northeast. As they are known from outcrOps, the entire sequence of forma- tions is relatively thin. Total thickness of the Cretaceous deposits varies from 500 to 1000 feet. The Tertiary deposits range from 150 to 500 feet. Down-dip and offshore sequences, however, are shown to be much thicker, and perhaps total as much as 25,000 feet or more in the offshore areas (Gibson, 1970). Formations consist of marine, marginal marine, and non-marine units that have resulted from both major and minor sea-level fluctations. In general, the non-marine sequences typify the base and top of the Coastal Plain deposits (early Late Cretaceous and Quaternary). The marine and marginal marine units represent the middle, and were de- posited during two distinct sedimentation periods--from Santonian to middle Eocene, and from middle Miocene to probably Pliocene. Deposi- tion of these beds was cyclic in nature, and can be closely related to numerous transgressive and regressive cycles (Owens and Sohl, 1969). More insight into the cyclic nature of the sediments related to this study is provided in the Interpretation of Data section. The preceding few paragraphs provide only a brief summary of a subject on which much has been written. More complete references are: Spangler and Peterson (1950), Dorf (1952), Dorf and Fox (1957), Le Grande (1961), Murray (1961), Richards (1967), Owens and Sohl (1969), Owens et a1. (1970), and Brown et al. (1972). Local Geology The segment of the New Jersey Coastal Plain studied here is the “731 1‘ - v.5:- mmer state Hume conpl and M Hount \ 7 Monmouth Group as it occurs in five localities from the northern part of Monmouth County (see Figure 3). Elsewhere this unit is known from numerous localities occurring in a narrow belt of outcrOps across the state to the southwest. It is most complete and best developed in Monmouth County, and thins to the southwest. In Delaware, it is less complete, and is considered a formation in Maryland. The Monmouth Group formations are, from oldest to youngest: the Mount Laurel Sand, Navesink Formation, Red Bank Sand, and Tinton Sand. General lithologic and environmental descriptions for these units are here provided, and have been extracted from the following studies: Olsson (1963), Krinsley and Schneck (1964), Owens and Sohl (1969), and Minard (1969). Mount Laurel Sand The Mount Laurel Sand is not a single lithofacies as it occurs across New Jersey. In Monmouth County it varies from 20-30 feet, and consists in the lower part of fine to medium-glauconitic quartz sand. Near the top it becomes a thick-bedded medium to coarse glauconitic quartz sand. Where fresh, it varies in color from greenish gray to dark greenish gray. Colors are altered by weathering. Contact of the Mt. Laurel with the underlying Wenonah Formation, a finer textured unit, is conformable. Numerous fossils are present; especially important is Belemnitella americana in association with Exogyra cancellata, which forms a trace- able zone across New Jersey, and on into Maryland. Only a few Species of Foraminifera are known from the Mt. Laurel in Monmouth County. A species list is provided by Krinsley and Schneck (1964). As interpreted by Owens and Sohl (1969), this unit represents a tn NaVesi Occur i abOunci Of OSt~ CT) n. 8 nearshore gulf deposit. Based on the work of Krinsley and Schneck (1964) crab remains at the tOp of the Mt. Laurel could indicate water depths as shallow as 30 feet. Sand grain surface texture from this same horizon indicates beach action. Navesink Formation In unweathered state, the Navesink is a massive thick-bedded clayey glauconite sand. It is typically about 30% clay and silt and 70% glauconite grains. Thickness in Monmouth County may be as great as 50 feet but is typically about 30 feet. It thins to about 5 feet in the southwestern part of the state. Contact with the underlying Mt. Laurel Sand is unconformable. Shell beds containing abundant pelecypods are typical of the Navesink. Several Species of the genera gryphaea, Exogyra, and Ostrea occur here along with Belemnitella americana. Marine microfossils also abound; Nine (1954) reported 128 species of foraminifers and 36 species of ostracods. Based on lithology and glauconite abundance, the Navesink repre- sents a shelf sediment in the framework established by Owens and Sohl (1969). Foraminiferal interpretations suggest a neritic environment with water depths ranging from 120-300 feet. Other Significant inter- pretations provided by Krinsley and Schneck (1964) are the following: 1) The rate of sedimentation was slower than for the Mt. Laurel since absolute frequency of fossils is greater. 2) The nature of certain Sponge borings on pelecypods indicate periods of quiescence intermit- tently distributed between periods of greater turbulence during Nave— sink time. 3) Waters generally were clear, silt free and of full Ocean salinity. 9 Krinsley and Schneck in their analysis examined the Navesink from three localities in Monmouth County. Two of these, the Marlboro and the Poricy Brook, were also examined and sampled for this study. For this reason, the somewhat localized conditions they apply to this unit are pertinent to this Study as well. Red Bank Sand This unit occurs only in the northern and west-central parts of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. In Monmouth County it reaches 150 feet in thickness in the bluffs along Raritan Bay. It is composed of two members, the lower Sandy Hook and the upper Shrewsbury. The Red Bank in general is a return to coarse sandy deposition. The Sandy Hook Member is typically a compact dark-grayish and bluish—black, massive-bedded, feldSpathic quartz sand. The sand is clayey and silty and very micaceous. It varies in thickness from 15-30 feet in the study area, and is more restricted in distribution than the upper member. Contact with the Navesink below is conformable and in part gradational. Typical megafossils from the Sandy Hook member are species of Trigonia, Ostrea, Turritella and Eutrephoceras. An abundant foramini- feral assemblage has been described by Olsson (1960). Based on lithology, the Red Bank as a whole represents inner Shelf and nearshore gulf deposits, with the Sandy Hook Member more indicative of the deeper inner shelf facies (Owens and Sohl (1969). According to Olsson (1963), neritic depths of 150-300 feet are representative for deposition of the lower Red Bank sands. The Shrewsbury Member is composed of massive-bedded, silty, fine to medium feldSpathic quartz sand that ranges in color from yellowish- 10 gray and grayish-orange-pink to light moderate and moderate reddish- brown. Greatest thickness of about 100 feet is reached in the north along Raritan Bay. Contact with the lower member is gradational. Fossils from the Shrewsbury are sparse, and only a few poorly preserved pelecypods have been reported (Weller, 1907). According to Olsson (1963), this member is barren of Foraminifera. This absence of microfossils as suggested by Olsson could indicate a non-marine origin, or be the result of weathering. For this study, samples were collected from the Shrewsbury at 2 localities and all were barren. In the environmental scheme of Owens and Sohl (1969), the Shrewsbury Member is thought to represent a nearshore gulf deposit. Tinton Sand The Tinton consists of a gray to olive-drab, argillaceous, medium to coarse grained, glauconite quartz sand. In the type area at Tinton Falls (Pine Brook locality), it is indurated with a siderite cement. Glauconite may constitute from 60-80% of the sand fraction in the upper part of the formation, but decreases downward along with the grain size. Contact with the underlying Red Bank is gradational. The Tinton is limited geographically to the northern part of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Numerous fossils are known; some of the more characteristic are Species of Sphenodiscus, Cuclaea, Exogyra, Ggyphaea, Cardium, and Callianassa. According to Olsson (1963) useful Foraminifera are lacking in the Tinton. Based on glauconite abundance (Owens and Sohl, 1969) and the Cucullaea fauna (Weller, 1907), the Tinton is interpreted as a deeper water sediment (i.e. inner Shelf). Olsson, however, suggests water ll depths similar to or possibly shallower than those for Red Bank depo- sition. His evidence is based on coarser elastics higher in the sec- tion, and remains of the raninid crab, Callianassa. Because of these contrasting phenomena, the depositional environment of the Tinton is problematic. The nature of the contact of the Tinton with the overlying Horn- erstown (Cretaceous—Tertiary boundary) has been interpreted as both conformable and uncomformable, and has been a controversial issue among geologists since the early 1900's. For the most recent argu- ments in support of a conformable boundary, see Olsson (1963). Minard et a1. (1969) presents the most up to date account of evidence suggest- ing an uncomformable boundary. (Age of the Monmouth Grogp As can be seen in Figure 2, most previous workers have agreed on a Maastrichtian age for the Navesink, Red Bank, and Tinton formations. The age of the Mt. Laurel Sand, however, does not show consistent agreement. The basis for the Campanian age by Spangler and Peterson (1950) relates to an Opinion that the Mt. Laurel belonged to the Mattawan Formation (Group), and that the Mattawan in general related to the Taylor (Campanian) of the Gulf Coast. In the opinion of Johnson and Richards (1952), this was unfounded since the fossils of the Mt. Laurel could be better correlated to the Navarro (Maas- trichtian) of the Gulf Coast. Arguments of a Campanian age for the Mt. Laurel and Navesink by Sohl, in Owens et a1. (1970), are based on a few ammonite Speci- mens identified only to genus and compared to ammonites of the Pierre Shale of the Western Interior, and the presence of the S t ophc-nsnn I A K! F\' .\\113, f . _ _I F F3 (U . 0-! U (U A 0 “U \1’ 0 G A H \O 0-! E: C to: N OJ 0‘ (U 0 0 0A In o—d mm an 14030 0‘ MA V an {:05 SN GIL-am H '0“) ”0 UN (Bx? HQ’O‘ V Hm C‘. N 50‘ .CO" OOUI—O (00‘ O (00‘ Dov-l Ou-l saw '44 .CH 0) Cir-4 0V 01V cum 3.: ow to mv u u a. o «A .—c 5 m U) U) Q a: O -1 z z TINTON <: .. a ,_ .. H 0 H H o g E E. ‘3 E E E REDBANK o O U U H F" _§p.. 5 E E E E i NAVESINK 00 g g 3 § "‘ MT. LAUREL . .4?— -.?—-——§ _ z ,2; E WENONAH g a; 94 n. a} a: u1n. MARSHALL- «g S S S S S 35 W" _.J Figure 2. Comparison of stage nomenclature as it has been applied to the Monmouth Gp. in New Jersey. Exogyra cancellata zone (considered by others to include early Maastrich- tian). They also hold to this evidence in their more recent publication (Owens and Sohl, 1973) which acknowledges foram evidence and provides Potassium-Argon dates both of which are contradictory to the age they have assigned. To better accommodate their concept, they suggest changing the absolute age of the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary from 72 m.y. to 63 m.y. Another idea relative to the age of the Mt. Laurel, was expressed by Mumby (1961), and later by Richards and Shapiro (1963) and Olsson (1964) who suggest that this unit is older to the south (Delaware and l3 southern New Jersey), and younger to the north (e.g. Monmouth Co.). In comparison, it is interesting that the ammonite Specimens on which Sohl bases his late Campanian age are all from collections made in Delaware. From this evidence, it is possible that the Mt. Laurel Sand is late Campanian in Delaware, but it is less possible that the unit represents this age progressively northward in New Jersey. As indicated earlier, K-Ar dates have been supplied for the Mon- mouth Gp. by Owens and Sohl (1973), who found reliable ages ranging from about 70 m.y. in the Mt. Laurel to 62—63 m.y. in the Navesink and Red Bank. Ages recorded for the Tinton were unreliable. In another study, Krinsley (1973) indicated K-Ar ages of 63 and 61 m.y. for the Mt. Laurel and Navesink respectively. These ages agree reasonably, but are somewhat younger than those of 72—73 m.y. for the Campanian-Maastrich- tian boundary, and 63-64 m.y. for the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sup- plied by Folinsbee et a1. (1970). In summary, a Campanian age for the Mt. Laurel Sand as provided by Spangler and Peterson (1950) is unfounded, and that given in Sohl and Mello (in Owens et al., 1970) is based upon weak ammonite evidence cor- related only to the Western Interior. Evidence of a Maastrichtian age is here considered more valid and includes the following: 1. The fossils of the Mt. Laurel Sand can best be cor- related to the Navarro Group of Texas, now consid- ered as Maastrichtian in age (see Passagno, 1967). 2. K-Ar age dates better support a Maastrichtian age than a Campanian. 3. The Mt. Laurel Sand as it was sampled for this study represents the youngest phase of this unit. METHODS OF STUDY Collection of Samples Five outcrOp localities, all from Monmouth Co., New Jersey, were sampled for this study. Their locations are indicated in Figure 3. The formations exposed and approximate position of samples collected are shown in Figure 4. More Specific information on interpretations and collections of the outcrOpS is supplied in Appendix I. The samples shown in Figure 4 and Appendix I Show only those from which usable palynomorphs could be obtained. All samples collected were productive except for those from the Shrewsbury Member of the Red Bank Formation; this unit was collected from two different localities, but found to be barren in each case. This member also is essentially devoid of other types of fossils. All collections are Spot samples (i.e. collected over an outcrop area of 3—5 inches in diameter) usually collected at two to five foot intervals. The Tinton Formation was indurated and was collected as chunks of rock chiseled off freshly exposed outcrop. Remaining collec- tions are of unconsolidated material, and were taken from 1-2 foot holes dug into the outcrOp banks. Samples were placed in cloth bags which were then placed in plastic bags to avoid contamination. Preparation of Materials Processing of samples followed routine procedure as described below with only a few exceptions: 14 15 wow: Hwooa meadow on.“ ‘ .ompomaaoo wnofipomm mo wcoprooH mcwzonm ads xmonH ”m mhswfim a . 99 mag/am a8»; OQI ..... 888‘ m I... 0 I00 .- o - Ola. I CI. . i D O o . C . X‘Q ‘kafi‘k \r‘K \‘K \3‘259“ ~ emu NEW JERSEY 5w: HORNERSTOWN FM W TINTON FM. w b suntwssusv 2 RED nausea 3 smut k I m. 3mm l-DOK E k amass a a a r g NAVESINK FM. "‘ o i ¥ MT. LAUREL FM. 2 WFNONAH FM. ,2, gt munuownl FM. § E“ 1‘: § U \\\ REDBANK smovuoox Pb nausea :3253 125".) -9455 ~9456 ~9457 ~94ss mvasmx _9459 ""55“" Pb (25 FT.) (ear-r.) ~9452 ~945| ~94so -.... 223%.. utuunct =32“ =94 Hurt.) r9445 9444 HARLaono Figure 4: l6 TINTON PINE snoox FED sum W am no am: W "° "J amen (40Ffl Pb Pb RED sum _93-, " 9‘“ ~93? SANDY ”9378 RED BANK .. 9455 ms '93" _ 5 ['IIDDII 9454 (20m #9300 ~9443 __ nausea was?" - 94oz “ (35 FT.) NAVESINK \‘ 9430 (25 Ft) 93” ‘ \ HIGHLANDS F9304 ATLANTK: monuuos Columnar sections of localities showing approximate positions of samples collected. Pb 9394 9393 9392 939! 9390 17 Most material was unconsolidated and required little or no crush- ing. Samples weighing 100 grams were prepared and tested with 10% hydrochloric acid for carbonates. If carbonates were present, as,was found in a few cases, samples were immersed in 10% hydrochloric acid for 12-18 hours, or until reaction was complete. Treated samples were then washed. Samples then were treated with hydrofluoric acid for removal of silicates: Beakers were prepared containing 70% hydrofluoric acid diluted to k concentration (c.a. 35%) with either cold water or crushed ice to which samples were carefully added at a rate slow enough to pro- hibit boiling. It was found early in this study that high temperatures and/or boiling in hydrofluoric acid was detrimental to sample quality. Reactions lasted for 12-18 hours. Samples were again washed, and then separated in heavy liquid. Separations during the earlier phases of this study were done in bromoform/acetone (specific gravity 2.0); later separations were done in zinc bromide (Specific gravity 2.2). The heavier fractions which settled out were all examined for palynomorphs, but found to be barren. Floating fractions containing palynomorphs were saved and washed. Both whole and sieved fractions of the residue were prepared for this analysis. Whole fractions were used for palynomorph counts, while the sieved fractions were examined for diversity. Sieved parts were made up of -20 micron, +20-120 micron, and +120 micron fractions. In all but a few cases, the +120 micron fractions were barren of palynomorphs. Slides prepared early in this study from the Atlantic Highlands and Pine Brook localities were mounted in glycerine jelly. Those from the the acid stud left scri Eicr K‘) () 1 /._- aha] 18 the remaining localities were made by mounting the residue first to the coverglass in Clearcol, and to the slide in Elvacite 2044 resin. Oxidizing reactions such as treating with Schulze solution, nitric acid, or potassium hydroxide were not used. They were observed in this study to selectively destroy certain palynomorphs. All microscope work was done on a Zeiss Photomicrosc0pe equipped with phase contrast and interference contrast (after Nomarski). Photographs were taken on Kodak 35mm Panatomic-X film. Most prints were enlarged to magnifications of 500x and IOOOX. Slides from this study are deposited with the paleobotany section of the Michigan State University Herbarium. Coordinates of the upper left corner of the coverslip centered in the field of view are in- scribed on each Slide label so that relocating specimens with other microsc0pes is possible. Counting Procedure Relative abundance counts of palynomorphs were made in this analysis. The purpose of these counts is to indicate the following: 1. The simple relationship of taxa as they occur in samples, i.e. to suggest to the reader how prolific a taxon, group of taxa, or association may be in certain samples, formations, or the whole Monmouth Group from the study area. 2. To graphically express relationships of taxa or groups of taxa that attain significant numbers in the samples (these were arbitrarily established by selecting only those occurring in abundances greater that 5% in more than one sample). Uhé VS, 1105 in 011 t6! Vi: l9 3. To Show relationships of land derived vs. marine palynomorphs. 4. To express relations among dinoflagellate associa- tions. A count of 250 specimens was attempted for all samples. To test whether this number was sufficient, a plot was made of specimen number vs. species encountered (after Wilson, 1959) for the sample deemed most diverse with the least amount of dominance of any one Species (Pb-9446). After 200 Specimens were counted, no new taxa occurred. A count of 250 is therefore believed adequate to represent the more common taxa. In nine of the samples studied, 250 specimens could not be found in the slides prepared for counting. In all but one of these, numbers ranging from 100 to 200 were counted and percentages were calculated. For the remaining sample only 21 specimens occurred, and no percentages were calculated. Determining the reliability of data derived from a 250 count can only be accomplished within certain limits. A pertinent statistical test is that of Faegri and Ottestad (1948) where a method is given for calculating confidence levels in palynomorph counts. By their reason- ing, the standard deviation of the percentage number (y) is 131%9212 where n=the number of specimens counted. By doubling this value, we have 2 standard deviations or the 95% confidence level. Calculated widths for 2 standard deviations to either side of y and lOO-y where n=250, are provided in Table 1 below. PEI Eli tel 11”,: to hu: 3’1: nag 20 Table l. The limits of 2 Standard Deviations either side of y and lOO-y for selected values of y in a 250 count (after Faegri and Ottestad, 1948). y (lOO-y) confidence intervals for y 1.0 (99.0) o 2.25 f 1.25 2.0 (98.0) 0.25 3.75 f 1.35 3.0 (97.0) 0.85 5.15 T 2.15 5.0 (95.0) 2.25 7.75 T 2.75 10.0 (90.0) 6.15 13.85 i 3.85 20.0 (80.0) 14.95 25.05 t 5.05 30.0 (70.0) 24.2 35.8 T 5.8 50.0 (50.0) 43.7 56.3 T 6.3 The figures above imply that one can be 95% certain that recorded percentage values would fall within the limits shown above if numerous aliquots of the same processed sample were repeatedly counted in a totally random manner. If all other factors could be considered random, the data from my study as well could be considered with 95% confidence to fall within these intervals. This is not the case, however, because human error and numerous biases cannot be overcome in this type of study. Additional problems of a selective nature are those involved with collecting and handling of samples, and those that can occur naturally such as differential deposition and weathering in sediments. In conclusion, counts on palynomorphs are used in this study for the purpose of producing various types of useful information. It is also shown here that numerous assumptions are made which may or may not be acceptable, and that caution must be used when interpreting these data. t?) SYSTEMATICS Ninety-nine spore and pollen taxa, all identified to Specific rank, are here described. They are placed in the "Englerian" system of classification for the following reasons: 1. The study done here is basically a floristic one, and works of this type are most commonly classified in the Englerian system. 2. All previous works of this type from the Cretaceous and Tertiary of the eastern United States are presented in a classification of this type. 3. Most of the taxa found at least to some extent, lend themselves to this type of classification. In addition, an alphabetical list by genus with page references is supplied in Appendix II. Other possible classifications are morphologic systems, and those that Simply list taxa alphabetically within higher morphologic or natural categories. The primary weakness of a morphologic classifica- tion is that characters used are not always consistent. For example, in previous studies, the presence or absence of a cingulum has been used as a major subdivision for trilete Spores, yet this feature is also shown to vary at the generic and interSpecific level, e.g. Camarozonosporites and Stereisporites. Pure morphologic systems also force together such high ranking natural categories as divisions (phyla) where bryophytes and pteridophytes are treated inseparably, 21 22 and classes where many angiosperms are lumped with gymnosperms. The arranging of taxa alphabetically within larger morphologic categories solves nothing, and the problems of the morphologic system still remain. When the higher categories are natural, the morphologic weaknesses may be solved, yet nomenclatural problems exist. For example, trilete Spores with almost certain affinity to the modern genus Lycopodium were found in this study to be published under the following valid generic names: Camarozonospprites, Camarozonotriletes, Camptotriletes, Cingulatigporites, Hamulatisporis, Inundatisporites, Lycopodiacidites, Lypopodium, Lyc0podiumsporites, Retitriletes, Rugu- triletes, and Triletes. Similar examples of chaotic nomenclature also exist for many other taxa, so that arranging taxa alphabetically in a group called pteridophytes for example is of little use to the reader since he may not be familiar with the name used. As it is used in this study, it is recognized that the "Englerian” system is also imperfect: l. The arrangement used contains a mixture of form, organ, and "half-natural" genera all placed into the "Englerian" framework. 2. The systematic levels to which taxa can be assigned are variable, i.e. some can be placed in families while others can only be placed in a class or subdivision. 3. Affinities to modern counterparts are often question- able, or suggested on very limited evidence. 4. "Englerian” classifications cannot be used for floras of all ages; they are more easily applied in the Late Tertiary and Quaternary, but become progressively more difficult with older floras. 23 The classification system followed is that of Engler and Diels (1936). The Engler system is considered outmoded by many, and sev- eral other classifications are thought to be superior. However, it was selected since it is complete, i.e. treating all vascular plants on a world-wide basis, and because it is still the most commonly used classification system among the larger American herbaria, and in most regional American floras (Lawrence, 1951). Taxa as they are reported in this study are shown in Table 2. Provided for each species in the text is a description or literature reference where it is adequately described, a size range, occurrences (summarized both from this study, and all others found in which it was reported), a suggested affinity, and a discussion section for certain ideas or important points not covered in previous headings. Illustra- tions for all taxa described are provided on plates 1-14; references to figured specimens are given with the plate descriptions. Illustrations of selected dinoflagellates are provided with iden- tifications only to genus. These forms are included Since they have been used to make environmental interpretations. They are not des- cribed because an adequate treatment of this group is beyond the scepe Of this study. 24 Table 2. Taxonomic placement of taxa. Page Division: Bryophyta Class: Anthocertae Order: Anthoceratales , Family: Notothylaceae Genus: Foraminisporis Krutzsch E. dailyi (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettman . . . . . . 29 Class: Musci Order: Sphagnales Family: Sphagnaceae Genus: Stereisporites Pflug S. australis (Cookson) Krutzsch . . . . . . . . . 30 §. congruens (Pierce) Krutzsch . . . . . . . . . . 31 §. cristalloides Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 S. dakotaensis (Stanley) comb. nov. . . . . . . . 32 S. regium (Drozhastich) Drugg. . . . . . . . . 33 ‘S. Stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Pflug . . . . . . 34 Division: Pteridophyta Class: Lycopodiinae Order: Lycopodiales Family: Lycopodiaceae Genus: Camarozonosporites Pant ex Potonie ‘9. anulatus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . 36 Q. canaliculatus (Singh) comb. nov. . . . . . . . 37 Q. caperatus (Singh) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . 38 g. cerniidites (Ross) Krutzsch . . . . . . . . . . 39 g. heskemensis (Pflanzl) Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . 40 g. vermiculaesporites (Rouse) Krutzsch . . . . . . 4O ?Genus: Foveasporis Krutzsch triangulus Stanley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 ?Genus: Foveosporites Balme F. labiosus Singh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Im E. subtriangplaris (Brenner) Kemp. . . . . 42 Genus: Ly_opodiumsporites Thiergart ex Del. & Spr. L. austroclavatidites (Cookson) Potonie. . . . . . 43 ?Genas: Sestrosporites Dettmann S. pseudoalveolatus (Couper) Dettmann. . . . . . . 44 Order: Selaginellales Family: Selaginellaceae Genus: Densoigporites Wayland & Krieger emend. Dett. 2. microrugulatus Brenner. . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Genus: Lusatisporis Krutzsch L. circumundulatus (Brenner) comb. nov. . . . . . 46 Class: Filicinae Subclass: Leptosporangiatae Order: Eufilicales Family: Osmundaceae Genus: Osmundacidites Couper Q. comaumensis (Cookson) Balme . . . . . . . . . . 48 25 (continued) Genus: g. Genus: ~|Hha Family: Genus: C. E. Genus: R. Family: ?Genus: £0 Genus: 9. Family: Genus: p. p. Genus: "131;: Family: Genus: £0 Genus: 5. Family: Genus: 1,. Genus: V. Goczanisporis Krutzsch baculatus Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . Todisporites Couper major Couper. . . . minor Couper. . . . . . . Schizaeaceae Cicatricosisporites Potonie & Gelletich dorogensis Potonie & Gelletich. . . . . hallei Delcourt & Sprumont. . . . . . . Radialisporis Krutzsch radiatus (Krutzsch) Krutzsch. . . . Gleicheniaceae Concavisporites Pflug emend. Del. & Spr. arugulatus Pflug. . . . . . . . . Gleicheniidites Ross emend. Skarby senonicus Ross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matoniaceae Dictyophyllidites Couper emend. Dettmann eguiexinus (Couper) Dettmann. . . . . . . harissii Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . Matonisporites Couper emend. Dettmann crassiangulatus (Balme) Dettmann. . . . . excavatus Brenner . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyatheaceae Cyathidites Couper minor Couper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuylisporites Potonie aduncus (Chlonova) comb. nov. . . . . . . Polypodiaceae Laevigatosporites Ibrahim haardti (Pot. & Ven.) Th. & Pf. . . . . . Verrucatosporites Thomson & Pflug saalensis Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . . . Filicihae-Incertae sedis Genus: A. Genus: g. Genus: Asbeckiasporites von der Brelie 8p. O O O O O O C O O O C O O O I O O O O Converrucosisporites Potonie & Kremp proxigranulatus Brenner . . . . . . . . Distaltriangulisporites Singh D. perplexus (Singh) Singh . . . . . . Genus: L. p. Genus: Leptolepidites Couper emend. Norris tenuis Stanley. . . . . . . . . . . . verrucatus Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . Toripunctisporis Krutzsch I. granuloides Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . Genus: 2. Trizonites Madler subrugulatus new name . . . . . . . . . Trilete T. T. T. 8p. 1 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O 8p. 2 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 8p. 3 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Page 49 49 50 51 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 58 59 6O 61 61 62 63 64 64 65 66 67 67 68 26 Table 2. (continued) Division: EmbryOphyta Subdivision: Gymnospermae Order: Coniferae Family: Cheirolepidaceae Genus: Classopollis Pflug emend. Pocock & Jansonius g. classoides Pflug emend. Pocock & Jansonius. . Family: Podocarpaceae Genus: Parvisaccites Couper P. radiatus Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Phyllocladidites Cookson ex Couper P. inchoatus (Pierce) Norris . . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Podocarpidites Cookson ex Couper 2. potomacensis Brenner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Rugubivesiculites Pierce 3. convolutus Pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. reductus Pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. rugosus Pierce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Family: Araucariaceae Genus: Araucariacites Cookson ex Couper A. australis Cookson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Family: Pinaceae Genus: Pinuspollenites Raatz P. spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Family: Taxodiaceae Genus: Taxodiaceaepollenites Kremp I. hiatus (Potonie) Kremp. . . . . . . . . . . . . ?Genus: Perinoppllenites Couper P. halonatus Phillips & Felix. . . . . . . . ?Order: Gnetales Family: Uncertain Genus: Eucommiidites Erdtman emend. Hughes E. troedssonii Erdtman . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subdivision: Angiospermae Class: Monocotyledonae Order: Pandales Family: Sparganiaceae Genus: Sparganiaceaepollenites Thiergart S. sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monocotyledonae-Incertae sedis Genus: Clavatipollenites Couper Q. hughesii Couper emend. Kremp. . . . . . . . . . Genus: Monoco1popollenites Pf. & Th. emend. Nichols, Ames & Traverse M. asymmetricus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . . . . . . Class: Dicotyledonae Order: Juglandales Family: Juglandaceae Genus: Momipites Wodehouse emend. Nichols M. inaegualis Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . M‘. microco_yphaeus (Potonie) Nichols . . . . . . . M. tenuipolus Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 69 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 75 76 77 78 79 79 80 81 82 83 27 Table 2. (continued) Order: Proteales Family: Proteaceae Genus: Proteacidites Cookson ex Couper . marginus Rouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . retusus Anderson. . . . . . . . . . . thalmannii Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. Sp. . . . . . . . . . . . Order: Sap ndales Family: Sapindaceae Genus: Cupanieidites Cookson & Pike emend. Chmura 9. sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Insulapollenite Leffingwel 1. rugulatus Leffingwell . . . . . . . . . . Order: Myrtiflorae Family: Nyssaceae Genus: Nyssapollenites Thiergart M. puercoensis (Anderson) Drugg. . . . . . . . . Family: Haloragaceae Genus: Gunnerites (Cookson) Cookson & Pike g. reticulatus (Cookson) Cookson & Pike. . . . . Dicotyledonae-Incertae sedis Genus: Extratriporppollenites Pflug emend. Skarby minimus (Krutzsch) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . nppperfectus Pflug. . . . . . . . . . . . . silicatus (Pflug) Skarby. . . . . . . . . . thornei (Drugg) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . Sp. . . . . . . . . . Genus: Holkopollenites Fairchild M. chemardensis Fairchild. . . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Retitricolpites van der Hammen ex Pierc M. georgensis Brenner. . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Tricolpites Cook. ex Couper emend. Pot. T. apguloluminosus Anderson. . . . . . . . I. parvus Stanley. . . . . . . . . . . . Genus: Tricolpppollenites Pflu & Thomson . micromunus Groot & Penny. . . . . . . . . . micropunctatus Groot, Penny & Groot . . . simplicissimus Groot, Penny & Groot . . . . . Tricolpor0pollenites Pflug cingulum (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug. . . . . cryptoporus (Srivastava) comb. nov. . distinctus Groot & Penny. . . . . . . . . gganulocuneus Phillips 8 Felix. . . . . . inductorius Chmura. . . . . . . . . . . . inusitatus Chmura . . . . . . . . . . labiatus Gray & Groot . . . . . . . . . . . . lihokus (Srivastava) comb. nov. . . . . . . . parvus (Groot & Groot) comb. nov. . . . . . . venustus Chmura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viriosus Chmura . . . . . . . . . . . . whuhuhu kuknknknkn C) (D :3 m o hahahahshahahahshshaha chahaha Page 84 84 85 86 87 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 94 95 96 96 98 98 99 99 100 101 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 28 Table 2. (continued) Page Genus: Trlporopollenites Pflug ,1. cf. 1. granifer (Potonie) comb. nov. . . . . . 107 I, cf. 1. robustus Pflug . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Division: Incertae sedis Genus: Schizogporis Cookson & Dettmann S. reticulatus Cookson & Dettmann. . . . . . . . . 108 29 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Division Bryophyta Class Anthocerotae Order Anthocerotales Family Notothylaceae Genus Foraminisporis Krutzsch, 1959b Type Species: Foraminisporis foraminis Krutzsch, 1959b Foraminisporis dailyi (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann Plate 1, Figure 1 1958 Granulatisporites dailyi Cookson & Dettmann, p. 99, pl. 14, figs. 2-4. 1963 Foraminisppris dailyi (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann, p. 72, pl. 14, figs. 15-18. Description: See Cookson & Dettmann (1958) and Dettmann (1963). ‘§lgg 53333: 38 microns; 2 specimens measured. In literature, size ranges from 36—70 microns. Occurrences: Cretaceous, 2 Specimens only, Mt. Laurel and Red Bank Fms. Previous records include the Early Cretaceous of Australia (Cookson & Dettmann, 1958 and Dettmann, 1963), Canada (Play- ford, 1971), Maryland (Brenner, 1963), northern Germany (Doring, 1966), and the middle Cretaceous of the Horizon Beta outcrOp in the Atlantic Ocean (Habib, 1970). Suggested affinity: According to Dettmann (1963), spores of E. dailyi closely resemble those of two modern hepatic Species, Notothylas breutelii and Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (see Appendix I of Dettmann for descriptions and illustrations). 30 Class Musci Order Sphagnales Family Sphagnaceae Genus Stereisporites Pflug, 1953 Type species: Stereisporites Stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Pflug, in Thompson & Pflug, 1953. Comments: The treatment of this genus follows Krutzsch (1959b and 1963b) who expanded it to include forms having either cingula or distal thickenings. Prior treatments only included simpler forms. Stereisporites australis (Cookson) Krutzsch Plate 1, Figures 2-4 1947 Trilites australis Cookson, p. 136, pl. 15, figs. 58-59. 1949 Trilites psilatus Ross, p. 32, pl. 1, fig. 12. 1953 Sphagnites australis (Cookson) Cookson, p. 463. 1956 Sphagnumsporites australis (Cookson) Potonie, p. 17. 1957 Sphagnites australis (Cookson) Cookson, in Balme, p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 1-30 1958 Sphagnumsporites psilatus (Ross) Couper, p. 131, pl. 15, figs. 1-20 1959b StereiSporites australis (Cookson) Krutzsch, p. 71. 1961 Sphagnum australis (Cookson) Drozhastchich, in Samoilovitch, et al, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 2-3. 1965 Sphagnum australe (Cookson) Stanley, p. 237, pl. 27, figs. lO-ll. 1968a Sphagnum bujargiensis (Bolkhovitina, 1956) Elsik, p. 299, pl. 10, fig. 10. Description: Shape, exine thickness and texture to some extent, nature of the equatorial region as seen in polar view, distal arcuate thickenings, and raised exine folds along the laesurae are all 31 variable features within this taxon. Otherwise description is as given by Cookson (1947) and Stanley (1965). Slgglggpgg: 26-40 microns; 14 Specimens measured. Occurrences: A common form known worldwide from the Mesozoic, Tertiary, and on to present time. Here it occurred in greatest abundance in the Mt. Laurel Sand (6.8% in one sample). Although not as common, the distribution pattern of this form is similar to S. Stereoides, and may be closely associated with it. Suggested affinity: Sphagnum. StereiSporites congruens (Pierce) Krutzsch Plate 1, Figures 5-6 1961 Cingutriletes congruens Pierce, p. 25, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1963b StereiSporites congruens (Pierce) Krutzsch, p. 17, Abb. 88 (p. 18). Description: Trilete, amb subcircular to rounded triangular. Exine surface smooth to scabrate. Laesurae extend 5 distance to the equator. Equatorial region surrounded by a cingulum that varies both in width (5-10 microns) and depth. Sigg,£gpgg: 38-46 microns (cingulum included); 10 specimens measured. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. Found in the 3 lowest samples of the Marlboro locality, all from the Mt. Laurel Sand (1.2% in one of the samples). Previously known from the Cenomanian of Minnesota (Pierce, 1961). Suggested affinity: Sphagnum. Discussion: S, congruens differs from Cingutriletes clavus (Balme) Dettmann (1963) by its lack of any thickening on the distal surface. 32 StereiSporites cristalloides Krutzsch Plate 1, Figures 7—9 1966 Stereisporites cristalloides Krutzsch, in D6ring, et al., p. 73-76, pl. 1, figs. 6-8. Description: AS given by Krutzsch, in Ddring, et a1. (1966). Size range: 25-30 microns; 8 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. A rare form with scattered occurrences in the Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank Fms. Previously known from the Maastrichtian of central Europe. Suggested affinity: Sphagnum. StereiSporites dakotaensis (Stanley) comb. nov. Plate 1, Figures 10-12 1965 Cingulatisporites dakotaensis Stanley, p. 243, pl. 30, figs. 1-8. Description: Cingulum thickness as seen in polar view, varies from 2—6 microns. Thickened folds along the tetrad mark may extend to the cingulum, but the laesurae length is only 1/2 to 2/3 the spore radius. Description otherwise as given in Stanley (1965). Slgg ggpgg: 26-40 microns (cingulum included), 20 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Paleocene. Found in 21 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank Fms. Occurrences reached 2.0% in one Mt. Laurel sample, elsewhere never over 0.8%. Previously this species has been reported from the Late Cretaceous of Montana (Norton & Hall, 1967 and 1969), Alberta (Snead, 1969), Wyoming (Stone, 1973), and the Paleocene of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965). Suggested affinity: Sphagnaceae? Discussion: A number of taxa described in Krutzsch (1963b) under Stereisporites (Distancoraesporis) are similar to 33 S. dakotaensis. All forms placed in this subgenus possess the Y-shaped thickened area on the distal surface as described by Stanley (1965), which is the basis for transferring this form to Stereisporites. StereiSporites regium (Drozhastchich) Drugg Plate 1, Figures 15-16 1961 Sphagnum regium Drozhastchich, in Samoilovitch, et al. p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 18 and b, 2-3, pl. LXIV, figs. 5-7. 1962 Verrucosisporites pulvinulatus Manum, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 7-10. 1967 Stereisporites regium (Drozhastchich) Drugg, p. 37, pl. 6, fig. 20. 1968a Sphagnum bimammatus (Naumova ex Bolkhovitina, 1953) Elsik (pars) p. 304, pl. 11, figs. 1-2. 1969 Converrucosisporites Sp. Norton & Hall, p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 9. Description: Trilete Spores, amb circular to subcircular. Laesurae extend to about 1/2 the Spore radius, although asso- ciated folds may extend to the equator. Surface ornamented with verrucae which always occur distally and sometimes proximally (proximal verrucae not found on specimens examined in this study). Slgg_gggggz 18-28 microns; 5 specimens measured. Occurrences: Albian to Paleocene. 3 Specimens from the Mt. Laurel and 2 from the Navesink Fms., all occurred as single specimens per sample. Previously reported from Albian-Senonian strata from the Vilyui and Lena River area of Yakutsk, U.S.S.R. (Fradkina, 1967), the Maastrichtian and Paleocene of western Siberia (Samoilovitch et al., 1961), the late Cretaceous of Montana (Norton & Hall, 1969). and Alberta (Snead, 1969), the Danian of California (Drugg, 1967), the Paleocene of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965) and Texas (Elsik, 19688), and probably Paleocene from Spitzbergen (Manum, 1962). Suggested affinity: Sphagnum. 34 Discussion: S, regium is possibly synonymous with two earlier taxa (Stenozonotriletes bimammatus Naumova ex Bolkhovitina, 1953 and Cheiropleuria congreggta Bolkhovitina, 1956). These older forms, however, are only briefly described, and poorly illustrated, making them difficult to use with certainty. S. regium is well des- cribed and illustrated in a number of publications. Several of the taxa described in Krutzsch (1963b) are also similar to the above. Stereisporites Stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Pflug Plate 1, Figures 13-14 1934 Sporites stereoides Potonie & Venitz, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 4-5. 1937 Sphagnum-Sporites stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) forma minor Raatz, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 5. 1953 Stereispprites stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Pflug, in Thomson & Pflug, p. 53, pl. 1, figs. 64-73. 1961 Sphagnumsporites psilatus auct. non (Ross) Couper, 1958: Groot, Penny & Groot, p. 127, pl. 24, fig. 1. 1963b Stereisporites minor microstereis Krutzsch & Sontag, in Krutzsch, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 1-8. 1963b StereiSporites stereoides gracilioides Krutzsch & Sontag, in Krutzsch, p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 34-36. 1963b Stereisporites Stereoides leipischensis Krutzsch, p. 44, pl. 4, figs. l-ll. 1963b StereiSporites Stereoides Stereis (Krutzsch) Krutzsch, p. 42, pl. 3, figs. 31-33. 1963b StereiSporiteS Stereoides Stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Thomson & Pflug subfsp. stereoides Krutzsch, p. 42, pl. 3, figs. 1-30. 1965 Sphagnum antiquaSporites auct. non Wilson & Webster, 1946; Stanley, p. 236, pl. 27, figs. 1-2 and 4-5. 1966 Sphagpum stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Martin & Rouse, p. 184, pl. 1, figs. 1-3. 1968a Sphagnum Stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Martin & Rouse, in Elsik, p. 299, pl. 10, fig. 8. 35 Description: Trilete Spores, amb round to rounded triangular. Exine smooth and uniform, but may thicken slightly at the equator. Laesurae extend to 1/2 the spore radius, but may appear longer due to Splitting or folding of the proximal exine along the ray. S153 ggpgg: 18-30 microns; 18 specimens measured. Occurrences: A common form occurring throughout the world in the Mesozoic, Tertiary, and on to present time. Here found in 23 samples over the entire section, but most common where few or no marine forms occurred. Highest recordings were from the Mt. Laurel Fm. (13.2% in one sample). Elsewhere, occurrences never exceeded 3%, and were Single and scattered in the more marine samples. Suggested affinity: Sphagnum. Discussion: The absence of any distal polar thickenings differentiates S. stereoides from S. anpiquaSporites (Wilson & Webster) Dettmann, 1963. Division Pteridophyta Class Lycopodiinae Order Lyc0podiales Family Lyc0piaceae Genus CamarozonoSporiteS Pant ex Potonie, 1956 Type species: Camarozonosporites cretaceous (Weyland & Krieger) Potonie, 1956 Comments: The treatment used for this genus follows Krutzsch (1963a). In his description, three subgenera are placed within the genus CamarozonOSporites: Subgenus Camarozonosporites comprises the genus CamarozonOSporites as emended by Klaus (1960), which includes 36 forms with a T smooth proximal exine, and a differentially thickened Spore margin as seen in equatorial view. Subgenus Hamulatisporis is Similar, but contains a uniform thickening of the Spore margin. Sub- genus Inundatispprites differs from the above in having a sculptured proximal exine. Other accounts for the taxonomy of this complex group are those of Klaus (1960) and Srivastava (1972a). Klaus emended Camarozono- sporites, and placed Hamulatisporis Krutzsch, 1959b into Lycopodi— acidites (Couper) R. Potonie, 1956. Srivastava simply elevated the rank of Krutzsch's subgenera to genera. Camarozonosporites anulatus (Pierce) comb. nov. Plate 1, Figure 17-18, Plate 2, Figure l 1961 Retitriletes anulatus Pierce, p. 29, pl. 1, fig. 17. Description: Trilete microspore, amb tr1angular to rounded triangular. Laesurae Simple, extending to 3/4 or more of the Spore radius. Proximal face smooth, distal Side with sparsely arranged sinu- ous ridges which may or may not form a loose reticulum (Pierce refers to this pattern as "coarsely reticulate"). The exine thickens equator- ially to form a flange, but is always reduced in the radial areas. Thickness of the flange can be as great as 10 microns. Sigg‘pgpgg: 36-68 microns; 38 Specimens measured. Pierce recorded the size as up to 52 microns. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. Found in 24 samples through- out the section. With the exception of two samples (1.6 and 2.0%), occurrences were always less than 1%. This species is pre- viously known from the Cenomanian of Minnesota (Pierce, 1961). Suggested affinity: ?Lycopodiaceae. 37 Discussion: Camarozonotriletes farcinarius Martynova (in Pokrovskaya & Stel'mak, 1960) closely resembles the above. However, the Size is too small (27-30 microns). A specimen referred to as "Spore Type B" in Stover (1964) is Similar, but has a larger Size than S. anulatus. This taxon is better placed in the genus Camarozono- sporites because it is zonate, and the distal surface is similarly sculptured. CamarozonOSporites canaliculatus (Singh) comb. nov. Plate 2, Figures 2-4 1971 Camarozonosporites ambigens auct. non Fradkina: Playford, p. 546, pl. 104, figs. 22-23. 1971 Lycopodiacidites canaliculatus Singh, p. 38, pl. 1, fig. 15. Description: Based on material from this Study, the rugulae on the proximal face are reduced in the contact area, which often gives the appearance of I bordered laesurae. Otherwise as des- cribed in Singh (1971). Sig£_ggpggz 34-64 microns, 28 Specimens measured (in literature the Size ranges from 36-55 microns). Occurrences: ?Cretaceous. Found in 30 samples throughout the sections, 0.4-2.0%. Based on the synonymy above, this taxon is known previously only from the Cretaceous of western Canada. However, forms closely resembling S. canaliculatus have been illustrated in a number of Cretaceous reports from around the world. Unfortunately, further synonymies cannot be made with certainty since these taxa have been placed in pre-existing Species and/or are inadequately described. Suggested affinity: Lyc0podium. Discussion: Two previously known taxa which are similar to this species 38 are S. amplus (Stanley) Dettmann & Playford, 1968, and S. rarus (Dok- torowicz-Hrebnicka) Krutzsch, 1963a. The laesurae for both of these taxa are longer than those of S. canaliculatus (3/4 or greater vs. 2/3 Spore radius). S. amplus differs further in having a larger size, however overall ranges do overlap. Singh's original assignment of the genus Lycopodiacidites to this taxon follows Klaus (1960). The new combination provided above is sensu Krutzsch (1963a) which was used for this Study. Camarozonosporites caperatus (Singh) comb. nov. Plate 2, Figures 5-8 1969 CamarozonOSporites heskemensis auct. non Krutzsch: Norton & Hall, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 15. 1971 Lyc0podiacidites caperatus Singh, p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 16-17. Description: Specimens found in the Monmouth Group differ from those of Singh's only in that the exine may appear thickened in the interradial areas on the equator. S153 £2233: 35-60 microns; 12 Specimens measured. Previously pub- lished size ranges from 48-63 microns. Occurrences: Late Albian to Maastrichtian. Found in 12 samples from the Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank Fms. A level of 1.2% was attained in one Red Bank sample, otherwise found only as rare single occurrences. Previously known from the late Albian of western Canada (Singh, 1971) and the Late Cretaceous of Montana (Norton & Hall, 1969). Suggested affinity: Lyc0podium. Discussion: Singh's original assignment of the genus LyCOpodiacidites 39 to this taxon follows Klaus (1960). The new combination provided above is sensu Krutzsch (1963a) which was used for this study. Camarozonosporites cerniidites (Ross) Krutzsch Plate 1, Figures 19-20, Plate 2, Figures 9-10 1949 Lycopodium cerniidites Ross, p. 30, pl. 1, figs. 1-2. 1955 LyCOpodiumSporites cerniidites (Ross) Delcourt & Sprumont, p. 32. 1958 Lycopodiumsporites cerniidites (Ross) Delcourt & Sprumont: in Couper (pars), p. 132, pl. 15, figs. 6-7 only. 1959b Camarozonosporites cerniidites (Ross) Krutzsch, p. 187. 1963 non Lycoppdiacidites cerniidites (Ross) Brenner, p. 43, pl. 5, fig. 2. Description: As given for S. cerniidites Ross with the following exceptions: The proximal face may be lightly sculptured, but never to the extent of the distal surface. Crassitudes may or may not be present. Size range: 22-27 microns; 5 Specimens measured (in literature size ranges from 24-29 microns). Occurrences: ?Jurassic to Maastrichtian. 5 specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel and Navesink Fms. Known previously from the Senonian of Sweden (Ross, 1949), and possibly the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of England (Couper, 1958). Suggested affinity: Lyc0podium. Discussion: S. cerniidites as treated by several authors in Early Cre- taceous studies (e.g. Couper (1958) pars, Pocock (1962), Brenner (1963), Singh (1964), von der Brelie (1964)) is not the same as Ross' original taxon. These forms are larger, and have a coarser rugulate sculpture. 40 Camarozonosporites heskemensis (Pflanzl) Krutzsch Plate 2, Figures ll-l4 1955 CingulatiSporites heskemensis Pflanzl in Murriger & Pflanzl, pp. 83-87, pl. 5, figs. 1-3, pl. 6, fig. 26a and b. 1959b Camarozonosporites heskemensis (Pflanzl) Krutzsch, p. 187, pl. 38, figs. 413-421. 1963a Camarozonosporites heskemensis (Pflanzl) Krutzsch, in Krutzsch, p. 122, pl. 42, figs. 1-14. 1969 CamarozonOSporites dakotensis Agasie, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 9-10. Description: The specimens here examined have more variable inter- radial thickenings than those illustrated by Krutzsch (1959b and 1963a). Otherwise as given in Krutzsch (1959b). Size range: 26-35 microns; 11 specimens measured. Size given by Krutzsch is 30-40 microns. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Oligocene. Present in 15 samples from the Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and the Red Bank Formations; never greater than 1%. Known also from the Eocene and Oligocene of EurOpe (Krutzsch, 1963a), and the Cenomanian of northeastern Arizona (Agasie, 1969). Suggested affinity: Lycgpodium. Camarozonosporites vermiculaesporites (Rouse) Krutzsch Plate 3, Figures 1-2 1957 Lycopodium vermiculaesporites Rouse, p. 361, pl. 3, figs. 73-74. 1963a Camarozonosporites vermiculaesporis (Rouse) Krutzsch, p. 23. Description: In the original description of this taxon, the laesurae extend to the periphery of the Spore body. In the illus- tration of Rouse's holotype, however, the laesurae do not appear to reach the equator, but rather extend only about 2/3 of the spore 41 radius. Specimens from the Monmouth group also have shorter laesurae than originally described. Size range: 38-66 microns; Six Specimens measured. The size range given by Rouse is 33-38 microns. Most Species of Camaro- zonosporites are more wide-ranging in size and, from the material examined in this study, 9, vermiculaesporites is here considered as no exception. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous. 6 Specimens from 5 samples scattered throughout the localities Studied. Previously known from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada (Rouse, 1957). Suggested affinity: Lycopodium. Genus FoveaSporis Krutzsch, 1959 Type species: FoveaSporis fovearis Krutzsch, 1959 FoveaSporiS triangulus Stanley Plate 3, Figures 5-6 1965 Foveasporis triangulus Stanley, p. 239, pl. 27, figs. 18-22. 1968 Dictyotriletes pseudoreticulatus auct. non (Couper) Pocock: in McLean, p. 1483, pl. 188, fig. 10. Description: See Stanley (1965). Size range: 40 microns; 1 Specimen measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Paleocene. One Specimen only from the Red Bank Fm. at the Poricy Brook locality. Previously reported from the Campanian of Wyoming (Stone, 1973), and the Paleocene of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965) and Alabama (McLean, 1968). Suggested affinipy: Stanley suggests a similarity to the Selaginella repanda group. 42 Discussion: A Specimen illustrated in McLean (1968) as Dicgyotriletes pseudoreticulatus (pl. 188, fig. 10) may be the same as S. triangulus. Genus FoveOSporiteS Balme, 1957 Type species: FoveOSporites canalis Balme, 1957 Foveosporites labiosus Singh Plate 3, Figures 8-9 1971 Foveoeporites labiosus, Singh, p. 121, pl. 17, figs. 1-3. Description: See Singh (1971). Size range: 36 microns; 2 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Middle Albian to Maastrichtian. 2 Specimens only from one sample in the Mt. Laurel Fm. Previously known from the middle and late Albian of Alberta (Singh, 1971). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. FoveoSperiteS subtriangplaris (Brenner) Kemp Plate 3, Figure 7 1963 Foveotriletes Subtriangplaris Brenner, p. 62, pl. 16, fig. 2. 1970 Foveosporites subtriapgularis (Brenner) Kemp, p. 88, pl. 11. 1971 Foveosporites Subtriangularis (Brenner) Phillips & Felix, p. 318, pl. 7, fig. 2. Description: See Brenner (1963). Size range: 42 microns; l Specimen measured. Occurrences: Neocomian to Maastrichtian. l specimen only from the Navesink Fm. Previous occurrences include the Early Cre- taceous of western Canada (Norris, 1967 and Singh, 1971) and Maryland (Brenner, 1963); the Neocomian of Holland (Burger, 1966); the Aptian- 43 Albian of southern England (Kemp, 1970); and the Cenomanian of Miss- issippi (Phillips & Felix, 1971a). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: ,S. canalis Balme differs from S. subtriangularis in having a more sparsely distributed ornamentation. Genus Lycoppdiumsporites Thiergard ex Delcourt & Sprumont, 1955 Type species: Lyc0podiumeporites agathoecus (Potonie, 1934) Thiergart, 1938. Remarks: The validity of this genus is questionable, and the genus Retitriletes Pierce emend. D8r., W. Kr., Mai, Sch., in Krutzsch, 1963a may be considered as an alternative. Arguments per- taining to these genera are found in Srivastava (1972a), Singh (1971), Potonie (1966), Dettmann (1963), Delcourt, Dettmann, & Hughes (1963), Krutzsch (1959b and 1963a), and Manum (1962). Out of personal pref- erence, Lyc0podiumsporites was selected for this Study. Lycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites (Cookson) Potonie, 1956 Plate 3, Figures 10-11 See Dettmann (1963, p. 44) for synonymy and description. Size range: 30-44 microns; 5 Specimens measured. Occurrences: 5 scattered Single occurrences throughout the sections. Previously known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous in various parts of the world. Suggested affinity: This taxon was closely compared by Cookson (1953), Couper (1958) and Brenner (1963) to the modern species Lycopodium clavatum. 44 Genus Sestrosporites Dettmann, 1963 Type species: Sestrosporites irregularis (Couper) Dettmann, 1963 SestrOSporites pseudoalveolatus (Couper) Dettmann Plate 3, Figures 3-4 1958 Cingulatisporites pseudoalveolatus Couper, p. 147, pl. 25, figs. 5-60 1963 SestrOSporiteS peeudoalveolatus (Couper) Dettmann, p. 66, pl. 13, figs. 11-16. 1964 Mymenozonotriletes pseudoalveolatus (Couper) Singh, p. 83, pl. 10, figs. 1-30 1965 Vallizonosporites pseudoalveolatus (Couper) Daring, p. 60. 1968 Foveosporites multifoveolatus auct. non Daring: in McLean, p. 1480, pl. 188, fig. 17. \ Description: See Couper (1958) and Dettmann (1963). Size range: 36-40 microns; 2 Specimens measured. Size indicated in literature ranges from 35-65 microns. Occurrences: 2 specimens only from the Navesink Fm. at the Poricy Brook locality. Previous records of this taxon range from Bajocian to Paleocene. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, it is wide ranging, and reported in numerous Studies. Late Cretaceous records include only those of GriggS (1970) from Wyoming (Aeguitri- radites ornatus), Kidson (1971) from Colorado and Utah, and Gies (1972) from Colorado. Specimens considered as reworked were found by McLean (1968) from the Paleocene of Alabama. Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: Foveospprites cyclicus Stanley (1965), Foveotriletes subtriangularis as shown in Burger (1966), and Vallizono- Sporites vallifoveatus D6ring (1965) all are similar to S. pseudo- alveolatus, but cannot be placed in synonymy with certainty. 45 Order Selaginellales Family Selaginellaceae Genus Densoisporites Weyland & Krieger emend. Dettmann, 1963 Type species: Densoisporites velatus Weyland & Krieger emend. Krasnova, in Samoilovitch et al., 1961. DensoiSporites microrugulatus Brenner Plate 3, Figure 12 1963 Densoisporites microrugulatus Brenner, p. 61, pl. 16, fig. 1. 1964 Lygodiidites laevigatus Pocock, p. 180, pl. 5, fig. 2. 1964 Lygodiidites balmei Pocock, p. 180, pl. 5, figs. 3-4. 1966 Aequitriradites insolitus Kimyai, p. 468, pl. 1, fig. 14. 1970 Densoisporites Sp. cf. S. velatus Weyland & Krieger emend. Krasnova sensu Dettmann (pars): in Kemp, p. 110, pl. 21, figs. 9-11. Descttption: See Brenner (1963). Size range: 53 microns; 1 Specimen measured. Occurrences: Late Jurassic to Maastrichtian. l Specimen only from the Red Bank Fm. at the Poricy Brook locality. Previous records include the Late Jurassic and early Neocomian of Holland (Burger, 1966), the Neocomian of France (Herngreen, 1971), the Aptian- Albian of southern England (Kemp, 1970), the Early Cretaceous of western Canada (Norris, 1967, Pocock, 1964, and Singh, 1971), the Early Cretaceous of Maryland (Brenner, 1963), and the Cenomanian of New Jersey (Kimyai, 1966). Suggested affinity: Potonie (1956) compared Spores of the type Species S. velatus to Selagjnellites hallei Lundblad and the recent species Selaginella scandens. Dettmann (1963) Suggested a closer relationship to Selaginellites polaris Lundblad. According to 46 Pocock (1964), spores of this type have a close affinity to Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Swartz. Discussion: Krasnova (in Samoilovitch et al., 1961) combined 2. per - natus Couper (1958) with the type Species S. velatus. This also was followed by Dettmann (1963) in her emendation of the genus. Kemp (1970) combined 2. microrugulatus with S. velatus, making all three of these taxa synonymous. In the case these new combinations hold, the taxon described above is widespread, and ranges through the Jurassic and Cretaceous. ‘2. microrpgulatus was retained in this study Since the morphology of the Specimen found best fits this taxon, and a range of variation could not be established. Genus Lusatisppris Krutzsch, 1963b Type Species: LusatiSporiS punctatus Krutzsch, 1963b LusatiSporis circumundulatus (Brenner) comb. nov. Plate 3, Figures 13-16 1963 Psilatriletes circumundulatus Brenner, p. 67, pl. 20, figs. 4-5. 1970 EndOSporites? Sp. A Habib, p. 355, pl. 3, fig. 13. 1972a Lusatisporis dettmannae (Drugg) Srivastava (pars), p. 23, pl. 20 figs. 6-8 only. Revised description: Trilete microspore; amb circular to subtriangular, perinate. Raised laesurae extending to the equa- tor, straight in low focus, and becoming sinuous in raised focal plane; often bordered by lips. Inner body smooth to scabrate, relatively thin; outer body smooth to granulate, about 1 micron thick. Inner and outer layers separated by as much as 6 microns at the equator. Radially arranged folds occur on both surfaces and extend to the equator result- ing in an undulating margin. 47 Size range: 28-40 microns (including perine); 9 Specimens measured. According to Brenner (1963) size ranges from 28-41 microns. Occurrences: Late Albian to Maastrichtian. Most common in the Mt. Laurel Fm. (1.5 and 1.6% in two samples), but also found as rare single occurrences throughout the sections. Previously this taxon has been reported from the late Albian of Maryland (Brenner, 1963), the Albian-Cenomanian of the Horizon Beta outcrop in the North Atlantic Ocean (Habib, 1970), and the Maastrichtian of Alberta (Srivastava, 1972a). Suggested affinity: Spores of this taxon are Similar to modern species of the genus Selaginella (see Srivastava, 1972a). Discussion: L, perinatus Krutzsch, 1963b is larger than S, circumundu- latus. S. dettmannae (Drugg) Srivastava, 1972a and Selaginella sinuites Martin & Rouse, 1966 have wider "flanges" and are more coarsely granulate. The genus Psilatriletes (Van der Hammen) ex Potonie, 1953 is in- tended for forms with simple exines. The taxon described above is a double layered form, and therefore a new combination of the species originally diagnosed by Brenner has been provided. Class Filicinae Subclass LeptOSporangiatae Order Eufilicales Family Osmundaceae Genus Osmundacidites Couper, 1953 {Hype Species: Osmundacidites wellmanii Couper, 1953 48 Osmundacidites comaumensis (Cookson) Balme Plate 4, Figures 1-2 1953 Triletes comaumensis Cookson, p. 470, pl. 2, figs. 27-28. 1956 Baculatisporites comaumensis (Cookson) Potonie, p. 33. 1957 Osmundacidites comaumensis (Cookson) Balme, p. 25, figs. 54-56. 1957 Osmunda-sporites elongatus Rouse, p. 362, pl. 3, figs. 59-60. 1962 Osmundacidites wellmanii auct. non Couper: Pocock, p. 35, pl. 1. 1963 BaculatiSporites comaumensis (Cookson) Potonie: Dettmann, p. 35, pl. 3, figs. 22-23, fig. 4k. 1965 Osmunda comaumensis (Cookson) Stanley, p. 250, pl. 31, figs. 6-9. Description: See Cookson (1953) and Dettmann (1963). Size range: 36-52 microns; 4 specimens measured. Occurrences: 5 Specimens from 5 samples, Mt. Laurel and Navesink fms. Q, comaumensis is widely known throughout the world from the Mesozoic and Tertiary. Suggested affinity: Cookson (1953) suggests affinity to two modern osmundaceous genera, 22222 and Leptopteris. In addition, Dettmann (1963) compares Q. comaumensis with certain species of Osmunda, e.g., S. cinnamomea. Discussion: The type Species of Osmundacidites as described by Couper has "granular-papillate sculpture", which also is a range of variation common at both the generic and Specific level in the extant Osmundaceae (see Erdtman, 1957). This makes the placement of S. comaumensis in the genus BaculatiSporites by Potonie (1956) and Dettmann (1963) both unacceptable and unnatural. Genus Goczanisporis Krutzsch, 1967 Type species: Goczanisperis baculatus Krutzsch, 1967 49 Goczanisporis baculatus Krutzsch Plate 4, Figures 3-6 1967b GoczaniSporis baculatus Krutzsdn,p. 936, pl. 2, figs. 1-19. Description: Trilete micrOSpore, amb triangular to round, apices well rounded, sides slightly concave to convex. Laesurae simple, extending about 1/2 distance to the equator and commonly Split Open. Distal surface and equator well ornamented with elements con- sisting Of granulae, baculae, and pilae ranging up to 2 microns in size. Proximal surface steeply SIOped, with ornamentation reduced to Sparsely scattered granules. Size range: 26-32 microns, 4 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. A total of 4 specimens, 1 from the Mt. Laurel Sand and 3 from the Navesink Formation, Marlboro and Poricy Brook localities. Previously known from the Maastrichtian of EurOpe(Krutzsch, 1967b). Suggested affinity: ?Osmundaceae. Genus Todisporites Couper, 1958 Type species: Todisporites major Couper, 1958 Todiepprites major Couper Plate 4, Figure 7 1958 Todisporites major Couper, p. 134, pl. 16, figs. 6-8. Description: See Couper (1958) Size range: 62-68 microns; 2 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Middle Jurassic to Paleocene. Single occurrences in 3 samples only, Mt. Laurel and Red Bank fms. Previously recorded from the Early and Middle Jurassic of England (Couper, 1958), 50 the Middle Jurassic of southern Sweden (Tralau, 1968), the Aptian of Portugal (Groot & Groot, 1962a), and the Paleocene Of Maryland (Groot & Groot, 19626). Suggested affinity: Couper (1958) relates 1. major to the fossil fern Species Todites williamsonii (Family-Osmundaceae). TodiSporiteS minor Couper Plate 4, Figure 8 1958 Todieporites minor Couper, p. 135, pl. 16, figs. 9-10. 1959b Leiotriletes microadriennis Krutzsch, p. 61, pl. 1, figs. 3-7. Description: See Couper (1958). Size range: 30-48 microns; 12 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Bajocian to Maastrichtian. Found in 14 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fmS. Youngest occurrences were from the Red Bank locality at Highlands, N. J. as was found for Cyath - dites minor. The sample with the most specimens (5.2% 1. minor) was also the same for the two taxa. 3, £132; has previously been reported from the Bajocian to Cenomanian of western Canada (Norris, 1967, Pocock, 1962, and Singh, 1964 and 1971), the Bajocian of England (Couper, 1958), the Middle Jurassic of southern Sweden (Tralau, 1968), the Cenomanian Of Oklahoma (Hedlund, 1966), and the Early and Late Cretaceous of the U.S. east coast (Brenner, 1963 and Gray & Groot, 1966). Suggested affinity: Couper suggests a strong similarity Of 3. 93225 to the spores of the fossil fern species Todites princeps (Osmundaceae). Family Schizaeaceae Genus CicatricosiSporites Potonie & Gelletich, 1933 51 Type species: CicatricosiSporites dorogensis Potonie & Gelletich, 1933. See Dettmann (1963) for synonymy and diagnosis of genus. Cicatricosisporites dorogensis Potonie & Gelletich Plate 4, Figure 18 1933 Cicatricosisporites dorogensis Potonie & Gelletich, p. 522, pl. 1, figs. 1-50 1951 Mohrioteporites dotpgensis (Potonie & Gelletich) Potonie, p. 135, pl. 20, fig. 14. 1961 Mohria dorogensis (Potonie & Gelletich) Markova, in Samoilovitch & Mtchedlishvili, p. 86, pl. 22, fig. 4. 1962 Cicatricosisporites intersectus Rouse, p. 197, pl. 3, figs. 30-31. Description: See Potonie & Gelletich (1933), Potonie (1956), and Srivastava (1972b). Size range: 34-52 microns; 14 specimens measured. Occurrences: Found throughout the sections, 1.2% and 2.0% in two samples, elsewhere only in scattered single occurrences. This species is a common Mesozoic and Tertiary form. Suggested affinity: Schizaeaceae. CicatricosiSporites hallei Delcourt & Sprumont Plate 4, Figures 16-17 1955 CicatricosiSporites hallei Delcourt & Sprumont, p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 1. Description: See Delcourt & Sprumont (1955), Delcourt, Dettmann & Hughes (1963) and Kemp (1970). Size range: 36-42 microns; 4 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Cretaceous. 5 specimens from 5 samples, Mt. Laurel and Navesink Fm. Previous records of this taxon range from 52 -Early Cretaceous to Cenomanian in EurOpe and North America (see Singh, 1971, p. 71 for more extensive account Of distribution). Suggested affinity: Schizaeaceae. Genus Radialisporis Krutzsch, 1967 Type species: Radialisporis radiatus (Krutzsch) Krutzsch, 1967. Radialisperis radiatus (Krutzsch) Krutzsch Plate 4, Figures 12-13 1957 Group 19 Krutzsch, p. 514, pl. 1, figs. 38-42. 1959a Cicatricosisporites radiatus Krutzsch, p. 126. 1962 Cicatricosisporites cf. cicatricosoides auct. non Krutzsch: Manum, p. 22, pl. 1, figs. 10-11. 1965 Anemia radiata (Krutzsch) Stanley, p. 258, pl. 33, figs. 6-7. 1967a Radialisporis radiatus (Krutzsch) Krutzsch, p. 88, pl. 26, figs. 6-18. Description: See Krutzsch (1967) and Srivastava (1972a). Size range: 32-48 microns; 6 specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Pliocene. A total of 9 Specimens from 7 samples; Navesink and Red Bank fms. Elsewhere this taxon has been reported from the Campanian Of Montana (Tschudy, 1973), the Maastrichtian of Alberta (Srivastava, 1972a), the Paleocene of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), the Early Tertiary of Spitsbergen (Manum, 1962), and the upper Eocene-Pliocene of central EurOpe (Krutzsch, 1959a). Suggested affinity: Stanley (1965) assigned Spores of this species to the extant genus Anemia; and according to Sriva- stava (1972), the cicatricose sculpture of this taxon has affinity with the Schizaeaceae. 53 Discussion: Cicatricosisporites coconinoensis Agasie, 1969 is Similar to M. radiatus, but has finer ridges. Family Gleicheniaceae Genus Concavisporites Pflug emend. Delcourt & Sprumont, 1955 Type species: ConcaviSporites rugulatus Pflug, in Thomson & Pflug, 1953. Concavisporites arugulatus Pflug Plate 4, Figures 9-11 1953 Concavisporites arugulatus Pflug, in Thomson & Pflug, p. 50, pl. 1, figs. 30-320 Description: Trilete microspores, amb triangular with straight to Slightly concave sides. Laesurae extend to the margin, and are paralleled by thick tori that bend inward interradially. Exine surface smooth. Small folds may occur across the radial extensions Of the tori. Slge_£§pge: 18-33 microns; 9 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous to Paleocene. A total of 12 specimens seen, 11 Red Bank and 1 from the Navesink Fm. 10 occur- rences are from the Highlands locality. Previously reported from the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene of Germany (Thomson & Pflug, 1953). Some forms attributed to this Species by Krutzsch (1959b) from the Tertiary of central EurOpe are of questionable identification. Suggested affinity: Gleicheniaceae? Discussion: A number Of forms that range throughout the Mesozoic and Tertiary are similar to this species. The following is a list of some of these forms which are comparable, but not necessarily the same as S. arugulatus: Auritulinasporites intrastriatus Nilsson 54 (1958), Cibotium gleichenioides and S, jenctiformis Argranovskaya, in Pokrovskaya & Stel'mak (1960), Concavieporites jurienensis Balme (1957), Concavisporites spp. Krutzsch (1959b), and Gleicheniidites epilobatus Brenner (1963). Genus Gleicheniidites Ross emend. Skarby, 1964 1949 Gleicheniidites Ross (nom. nud.) p. 31. 1955 Gleicheniidites Ross ex Delcourt & Sprumont, p. 64. 1963 Gleicheniidites Ross ex Delcourt & Sprumont emend. Dettmann, p. 64. 1964 Gleicheniidites Ross emend. Skarby, p. 62. Type Species: Gleicheniidites senonicus ROSS, 1949 Gleicheniidites senonicus Ross Plate 4, Figures 14-15, Plate 5, Figure l 1949 Gleicheniidites senonicus ROSS, p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 3. 1964 Gleicheniidites senonicus Ross, in Skarby, p. 65, 3 p1s., l text-fig. Description: See Skarby (1964). Slge,£ggge: 20-38 microns; 43 specimens measured. Occurrences: Found in all but one sample, ranging from a single occur- rence up to 8%. Elsewhere, it has been reported in numer- ous studies worldwide. Stratigraphically S. senonicus occurs from the Jurassic to Pliocene. Spggested affinity: According to Skarby (1964) spores of the genus Gleicheniidites probably belong to the Gleichen- eaceae, although she could not relate them to any of the extant genera of this family. Cookson (1953) attributed Spores Of her Species S. circinidites (put in synonymy with S. senonicus by Skarby) to Gleichenia circinata Schwartz. 55 Discussion: Kemp (1970), in her treatment of this group, retained S. circinidites for the most "robust forms" of the group with "steep-sided crassitudes". This treatment is not accepted in this study. Family Matoniaceae Genus Dictyophyllidites Couper emend. Dettmann, 1963 Type Species: Dictyophyllidites harrisii Couper, 1958 Dictyophyllidites equiexinus (Couper) Dettmann Plate 5, Figure 5 1958 Matonisporites equiexinus Couper, p. 140, pl. 20, figs. 13-14. 1963 Dictyophyllidites equiexinus (Couper) Dettmann, p. 27. 1965 Hymenophyllumsperites furcosus Stanley, p. 249, pl. 31, figs. 1-5. 1966 Matonieporites globosus Kimyai, p. 467, pl. 1, fig. 9. 1968a Divisiaporites enormis auct. non Pflug: Elsik, p. 294, pl. 9, figs. 1-3, pl. 10, figs. 1-5. 1970 Harrisispora eqpiexina (Couper) POcock, p. 38, pl. 6, fig. 10 only. 1972b Divisisporites enormis auct. non Pflug: Srivastava, p. 230, pl. 5, figs. 4-6. Description: Laesurae extend 2/3 distance or more to the equator as mentioned in Groot & Groot (1962a) and Gray & Groot (1966), and may bifurcate at the tips as described by Pocock (1970) in his generic diagnosis. Otherwise as given in Couper (1958). Size range: 30 to 84 microns; 7 specimens measured. Occurrences: Jurassic to Paleocene. 7 scattered single occurrences from the Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Pre- vious findings include the Jurassic Of western Canada (Pocock, 1970), the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of England (Couper, 1958 and Lantz, 56 1958), the Albian and Cenomanian of Oklahoma (Hedlund & Norris, 1968 and Hedlund, 1966), the Cenomanian Of Portugal (Groot & Groot, 1962a), the Late Cretaceous of Delaware and New Jersey (Gray & Groot, 1966 and Kimyai, 1966), the Cretaceous-Eocene of Malaysia (Muller, 1968), the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene Of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), and the Paleocene of Texas (Elsik, 1968a), and Alabama (Srivastava, 1972b). Suggested affinity: Couper (1958) relates Q. equiexinus to the spores of Phlebopteris angustiloba and Matodinium goep- .ESEEL» both fossil fern species Of the Matoniaceae. Hedlund (1966) suggests an affinity to the modern schizaeaceous genera £22212 and Lygodium. Discussion: Several species assigned to the genera Leiotriletes and ToroiSporis by Krutzsch (1959b and 1962a) are similar to ‘2. equiexinus. The genus Divisisporites Pflug, 1953 includes only Spores that have bifurcating laesura tips, and since this is a variable feature shown in the Specimens of Elsik (1968), and Srivastava (1972b), it is more appropriate to include these forms in S. equiexinus. Dictypptyllidites harissii Couper Plate 5, Figure 6 1958 Dictyophyllidites harissii Couper, p. 140, pl. 21, figs. 5-6. Description: See Couper (1958). .Sige_tggge: 32-45 microns; 8 specimens measured. Occurrences: Jurassic to Maastrichtian. 11 occurrences in 10 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Previously found in the Jurassic of England (Couper, 1958) and the Cretaceous of Mary- land (Groot & Penny, 1960). 57 Suggested affinity: Couper relates S. harissii to the Spores of the Jurassic fern genus Dictyophyllum. Discussion: Certain of the species of Toroisporis in Krutzsch (1959b and 1962a) are similar to‘S. harissii. DeltoidOSpora harissii (Couper) Pocock, 1970 is comparable to neither Couper's nor the specimens found in this study. Genus Matonisporites Couper emend. Dettmann, 1963 Type Species: Matonisporites phlebopteroides Couper, 1958 Matonieporites crassiangulatus (Balme) Dettmann Plate 5, Figure 17 1957 gyathidites crassiangulatus Balme, p. 22, pl. 3, figs. 39-41. 1960 LaevigatiSporites percrassus Anderson, p. 15, pl. 9, fig. 10. 1963 Matonisporites crassiangulatus (Balme) Dettmann, p. 58. 1971 Matonisporites crassiangulatus (Balme) Dettmann, in Singh, p. 103, pl. 14, fig. 12. Description: See Balme (1957) and Singh (1971). Ségg,gggge: 42-48 microns; 3 specimens measured. Occurrences: Oxfordian to Maastrichtian. 3 specimens only, from the Mt. Laurel and Navesink fms. Previously recorded from the Oxfordian-Aptian of western Australia (Balme, 1957), the Early Cretaceous of Maryland (Brenner, 1963), the Albian of Alberta (Singh, 1971), and the Maastrichtian of New Mexico (Anderson, 1960). Suggested affinity: Couper (1958) and Bolkhovitina (1953) relate Spores of the genus MatoniSporites to the fossil fern genus Phlebgpteris. Other writers (see Dettmann, 1963) have related Matonisporites to certain species of the modern fern genus Dicksonia. Discussion: Based on the original description (Balme, 1957), M. 58 crassiangulatus has concave sides. Singh (1971) expanded the descrip- tion to include forms with f straight to concave sides. Provided Singh's treatment is acceptable, a few of the specimens illustrated as M, phlebopteroides in Srivastava (1972a) should be included with ,M. crassiangulatus. Matonisporites excavatus Brenner Plate 5, Figures 15-16 1963 Matonisporites excavatus Brenner, p. 54, pl. 12, figs. 2-3. 1964 Matonieporites eqeiexinus auct. non Couper: in Stover, p. 144, pl. 1, fig. 23. Description: See Brenner (1963). Sége_£gpge: 44 microns; l specimen. Occurrences: Neocomian to Maastrichtian. 1 single occurrence from the Mt. Laurel Fm. Previously known from the Aptian and Albian Of Maryland (Brenner, 1963 and Stover, 1964), the Neocomian of England (personal work), and the Cenomanian of New York (Kimyai, 1970). Suggested affinity: As given for M. crassiangulatus. Family Cyatheaceae Genus anthidites Couper, 1953 Type species: gyathidites australis Couper, 1953 gyathidites piggy Couper Plate 5, Figure 9 A 1953 Cyathidites‘pigpt Couper, p. 28, pl. 2, fig. 13. Description: See Couper (1953 and 1958). S153,£ggge: 23-60 microns; 27 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Found in 31 samples throughout the section. Greatest 59 abundance from the Red Bank locality at Highlands, N. J. (4.4% in one sample). ‘§.,Migg£ is a widespread taxon reported from several parts of the world in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Suggested affinity: Couper (1958) suggests affinity to the Mesozoic fern species Coniopteris hymenOphylloides, and to other fossil cyatheaceous or dicksoniaceous ferns such as Eboracia lobifolia and Dicksonia mariopteris. Hedlund (1966) relates S. pipe; to the schizaeaceous genus Lygodium. Genus KuyliSporites Potonie, 1956 Type Species: Kuylisporites waterbolki Potonie, 1956 (from Hemitelia- type in Kuyl, Muller & Waterbolk, 1955, pl. 1, fig. 7). KuyliSporites aduncus (Chlonova) comb. nov. Plate 5, Figure 2 1961 Camursporis aduncus Chlonova, p. 42, pl. 2, fig. 14. 1964 Spore Type D, Stover, p. 146, pl. 2, figs. 13-14. 1965 Kuylisporites scutatus Newman, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1966 RotaSpora rugulatus Gray & Groot (pars), p. 124, pl. 42, fig. 11 only. Description: Trilete micrOSpore, amb subcircular to subtriangular, laesurae simple, extending 3/4 distance to the equator. Proximal surface smooth, distal surface smooth to rugulate. Based on the Specimens examined in this study, the scutula occur as either of the following two possibilities: In some specimens they are thickened interradial crassitudes with round inner margins that may or may not contain circular depressed areas. They also occur as areas to the outside of an in-curved ridge which delineates the contact area on the proximal face. 60 §$gg_£gggg: 25-30 microns; 5 specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous. 4 specimens from the Mt. Laurel and 1 from the Navesink Fm. Previous records of this taxon include the Late Cretaceous of western Siberia (Chlonova, 1961), Colorado (Newman, 1964 and 1965), Delaware (Gray & Groot, 1966), and Maryland (Stover, 1964). Suggested affinity: According to both Potonie (1956) and Chlonova (1961) spores of this type compare most closely with the modern fern genus Hemitelia. Discussion: '5. waterbolki Potonie, 1956 and Hemitelia mirabilis Bolkhovitina, 1953 are both too large to be included with .E- aduncus. Hemitelites laevis Romanovskaya (in Pokrovskaya & Stel'mak, 1960) is too poorly illustrated for comparison. The new combination is made here because Kuylisporites is appropriate for this taxon, and has priority over Camursporis. Family Polypodiaceae Genus Laevigatosporites Ibrahim, 1933 Type species: Laeyigatosporites vulgaris (Ibrahim) Ibrahim, 1933 Laevigatosporites haardti (Potonie & Venitz) Thomson & Pflug Plate 7, Figures 3-4 1934 Sporites haardti Potonie & Venitz, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 13. 1953 Laevigatosporites haardti (Potonie & Venitz) Thomson & Pflug, p. 59, pl. 3, figs. 27-38. For additional synonymy see Krutzsch (1967). Descrippion: See Potonie & Venitz (1934), Thomson & Pflug (1953), and Krutzsch (1967). Size range: 30-56 microns; 19 specimens measured. 61 Occurrences: Found in 26 samples throughout the sections, ranging from single occurrences up to 6.0% in relative abundance. Previous records of this taxon are numerous and, although not restricted, mainly from the Cretaceous and Tertiary (see Krutzsch, 1967). Suggested affinity: Polypodiaceae. Genus Verrucatosporites Thomson & Pflug, 1953 Type ppecies: Verrucatosporites alienus (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug, 1953 Verrucatosporites saalensis Krutzsch Plate 7, Figures 1-2 1959b Verrucatosporites saalensis Krutzsch, p. 209, pl. 41, figs. 457- 459. Description: See Krutzsch (1959b). Size range: 38-41 microns; S specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous. 5 specimens from 3 samples, all from the Red Bank Fm. at the Highlands, N. J. locality. Pre- viously reported from the Late Cretaceous of central Europe (Krutzsch, 1959b). [Sgggested affinipy: Polypodiaceae. Discussion: This species differs from others of the genus Verrucato- sporites in that the sculpture elements are in the shape of flattened cones when seen in optical section. Filicinae Incertae sedis Genus Asbeckiasporites von der Brelie, 1964 Type species: Asbeckiasporites wirthi von der Brelie, 1964 Asbeckiasporites sp. Plate 5, Figures 12-14 62 Description: Trilete microspores, amb subtriangular with concave sides. Laesurae distinct, straight, raised, and extending to the spore margin. Equatorial margin surrounded by a cingulum which may vary from 1.5-4.0 microns interradially, and become as thick as 7.0 microns toward the apices. Cingulum is invaginated or truncated directly at the apices. Exine surface smooth both proximally and distally. Size range: 30-40 microns; 11 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. 12 specimens in 9 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: Similar forms, although not the same have been reported in various Early Cretaceous studies: Asbeckiasporites wirthi von der Brelie, 1964, also in Playford, 1971 and Singh, 1971; Murospora florida (Balme) Pocock, 1961; Gleicheniidites bulbosus Kemp, 1970. Genus Converrucosisporites Potonie and Kremp, 1954 Type species: Converrucosisporites triquetrus (Ibrahim) Potonie & Kremp, 1955 Converrucosisporites proxigranulatus Brenner Plate 5, Figure 8 1963 ConverrucosiSporites proxigranulatus Brenner, p. 60, pl. 15, figs. 1'30 Description: See Brenner (1963). Size range: 35-40 microns; 2 specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Jurassic to Maastrichtian. 2 specimens only from the Mt. Laurel Fm. Previous records of this taxon include the latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous of the Netherlands (Burger, 63 1966), the Early Cretaceous of Maryland (Brenner, 1963), the Albian- Aptian of Spain (Boulouard & Canerot, 1970), and the Albian of Oklahoma (Hedlund & Norris, 1968). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus DistaltrianguliSporites Singh, 1971 Type species: DistaltrianguliSporites perplexus (Singh) Singh, 1971 Distaltriangulisporites perplexus (Singh) Singh Plate 5, Figures 10-11 1964 Appendicisporites perplexus Singh, p. 55, pl. 5, figs. 6-9. 1964 Appendicigporites degeneratus auct. non Thiergart, 1953: in Pocock, p. 172, pl. 4, figs. 16-18. 1967 Contignisporites perplexus (Singh) Norris, p. 98, pl. 14, figs. 1‘40 1971 Distaltriangulisporites perplexus (Singh) Singh, p. 89, pl. 12, figs. 1-6. Description: See Singh (1964 and 1971). §iggh£ggggz 36-44 microns, 5 specimens measured. In literature, range extends from 35-63 microns. Occurrences: Albian to Danian. 7 specimens from 4 samples in the Mt. Laurel Fm., and 1 specimen from the Red Bank Fm. Pre- viously known from the Albian of western Canada (Norris, 1967, Pocock, 1964, and Singh 1964 and 1971), the Maastrichtian-Danian of California (Drugg, 1967), and tentatively reworked from the Paleocene of Alabama (McLean, 1968). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus Leptolepidites Couper emend. Norris, 1968 Type species: Lgptolepidites verrucatus Couper, 1953 64 Leppolepidites tenuis Stanley Plate 5, Figure 7 1965 Leptolepidites tenuis Stanley, p. 255, pl. 32, figs. 7-11. {Description: See Stanley (1965). Size range: 33-38 microns; 5 specimens measured. Overall size as recorded in the literature is 24-50 microns. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Danian. 1 Specimen from the Navesink Fm. and 7 specimens from the Red Bank Fm. at the High- lands, N. J. locality; never greater than 0.8%. Previous records are from the Maastrichtian of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965) and Alberta (Snead, 1969 and Srivastava, 19723), and the Maastrichtian and Danian of California (Drugg, 1967). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: The genus Leptolgpidites as mentioned in Dettmann (1963) and emended by Norris (1968) has a smooth proximal face. Stanley (1965) does not make this clear in his description but, accord- ing to both Snead (1969) and Srivastava (19723)».L- tenuis has a smooth proximal face. Specimens examined in this study showed the surface of the proximal side to be either smooth or of reduced ornamentation. Leptolgpidites verrucatus Couper Plate 5, Figures 3-4 1953 Leptolepidites verrucatus Couper, p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 14-15. 1963 Leptolepidites verrucatus Couper, in Dettmann, p. 29, pl. 3, £188. 6-90 1964 Trilites pulcher Kedves & Simoncsics, p. 29, pl. 8, figs. 5-6. 1968 Leptolepidites verrucatus Couper, in Norris, p. 316, figs. 12-15. 1972a Leptolepidites bullatus (van Hoeken-Klinkenberg) Srivastava, p. 21, pl. 16, figs. 9-10. 65 Description: See Dettmann (1963) and Norris (1968). §1gg gangs: 30 microns; l specimen measured; in literature, range extends up to 48 microns. Occurrences: Early Jurassic to Maastrichtian. One specimen only from the Red Bank Fm. Previous records are from the Early Jurassic of Queensland (de Jersey, 1960), the Late Jurassic of England (Lantz, 1958) and New Zealand (Couper, 1953 and Norris, 1968), the Jurassic of Hungary (Kedves & Simoncsics, 1964), the Cretaceous of Australia (Cookson & Dettmann, 1958 and Dettmann, 1963) and the Creta- ceous of Alberta (Singh, 1971 and Srivastava, 1972a). Suggested affinipy: Uncertain. Discussion: Converrucosisporites proxigranulatus Brenner, 1963 is similar, but has a granulate proximal face. Genus Toripunctisporis Krutzsch, 1959b Type species: Toripunctisporis granuloides Krutzsch, 1959b Toripunctisporis granuloides Krutzsch Plate 6, Figures 1-4 1959b Toripunctisporis granuloides Krutzsch, p. 88, pl. 9, figs. 59-62. Description: Exine sculpture as found in this study ranges from smooth to granular-punctate. Description otherwise as given in Krutzsch (1959b). §igg_£§ggg: 26-32 microns; 15 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Eocene. Found in 11 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Most abundant in the Red Bank Sand at the Highlands, N. J. locality (2.8% in one sample). Elsewhere found only as scattered single occurrences. Previously known from the 66 Eocene of central Europe (Krutzsch, 1959b). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus Trizonites Madler, 1964 Type species: Trizonites cerebralis Madler, 1964 Trizonites subrugulatus nom. nov. Plate 6, Figures 5-7 1966 Rotaspora rugulatus Gray & Groot (pars), p. 124, pl. 42, fig. 12 only. Description: Trilete microspore, amb circular to sub-triangular. In polar view the central body is strongly triangular; apices of central body narrowly coincident with the equator. Equatorial flange (cingulum) coincident with the equatorial plane, thin, and reduced or missing at the radial extensions of the central body, no distinct margo. Distal surface of central body distinctly or indistinctly rugulate with rugae about 2 microns wide and 1 micron apart. Proximal face psilate to sub-granulate. The above description follows Gray & Groot (1966), but dif- fers where necessary to exclude forms belonging to Egyl_- pporites aduncus as discussed elsewhere in this work (p. 59). Size range: 30-36 microns; 12 specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous. A total of 15 specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Tinton fms., from the localities at Marlboro, Poricy Brook, and Pine Brook. Previous records of this taxon include the Late Cretaceous of Delaware (Gray & Groot, 1966) and Oklahoma (Morgan, 1967). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: This taxon is here removed from RotaSpora because the nature of the zone is not the same as originally described 67 for the genus by Schemel (1950) and emended by Potonie & Kremp (1956) or Smith & Butterworth (1967). The genus Trizonites Madler accomodates this species since the zone is simple and the distal surface 1 rugulate. A new combination of this taxon is here intended, however, the name 1. rugulatus is preoccupied (see Madler, 1964). The new specific epithet QT. subrpgulatus) alludes to the less rugulate distal surface than that found in I. rugulatus. Trilete sp. 1 Plate 6, Figures 11-13 Description: Trilete microspores, amb circular to rounded triangular. Laesurae raised, bordered by thin lips, and extending near or to the spore margin. Spore body surrounded equatorially by a zone 4-9 microns wide. Proximal surface smooth, distal surface covered with a loose reticulum (often broken), with muri extending just on to the edge of the zone. Width of lumina (if enclosed) about 10 microns, height of muri undetermined. Size range: 35-45 microns; 8 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. A total of 10 specimens seen in 7 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Trilete sp. 2 Plate 6, Figures 8-10 Description: Trilete microspores, amb rounded triangular. Laesurae distinct, raised, thin, extending to the spore margin, .and appearing sinuous in raised focal plane. Spore body two-layered; inner layer thicker, with smooth to scabrate sculpture; outer layer 68 membranous, attached to central body over the contact area, and separ- ating toward the equator to form a membranous zone. Outer layer smooth proximally, and varying distally from an incomplete to a complete reticulum with muri not extending on to the zonal area. Width of en- closed luminae vary from 4-9 microns. ,§igg,ggggg: 35-54 microns; 6 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. 6 specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel Sand only. Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Trilete sp. 3 Plate 6, Figures 14-18 Description: Trilete microspores, amb triangular with straight to slightly convex sides. Laesurae distinct, raised, ex- tending to the spore margin and appearing membranous in raised focal plane. Spore body surrounded equatorially by a zone 7-12 microns wide, that reaches maximum width interradially, and is abruptly reduced or missing at the apices. Proximal surface smooth; distal surface reticulate, with strongly developed muri, and rounded lumina (t 8 microns diameter). Distal reticulum clearly a separate feature from the well developed zone. Size range: 36-48 microns (zone included); 12 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. A total of 19 occurrences in 11 samples, throughout the sections. Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Division EmbryOphyta Subdivision Gymnospermae 69 Order Coniferae Family Cheirolepidaceae Genus Classopollis Pflug, 1953 emend. Pocock & Jansonius, 1961 Type species: Classopollis classoides Pflug, 1953 emend. Pocock & Jansonius, 1961 ClaSSOpollis classoides Pflug emend. Pocock & Jansonius Plate 7, Figures 7-8 1950 "Conifer pollen" Reissinger, p. 114, pl. 14, figs. 15-16. 1953 Classopollis classoides Pflug, p. 91, pl. 16, figs. 29-31. 1961 Classopollis classoides Pflug, 1953 emend. Pocock & Jansonius, p. 443, pl. 1, figs. 1-9. Description: See Pocock & Jansonius (1961). Size range: 20-23 microns diameter. Occurrences: Rhaetic to Eocene. 6 specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Elsewhere this taxon is well known from numerous studies, and is particularly abun- dant in Jurassic rocks. Suggested affinity: Classopollis-type pollen as summarized in Pocock & Jansonius (1961, p. 448) may have been produced by any one or combination of 3 extinct gymnospermous genera: Cheiro- lepis, Brachyphyllum, or Pagiophyllum. They believe the genus Cheiro- lepis is most likely. Family Podocarpaceae Genus Parvisaccites Couper, 1958 Type species: Parvisaccites radiatus Couper, 1958 Parvisaccites radiatus Couper Plate 8, Figure 1 70 1958 Parvisaccites radiatus Couper, p. 154, pl. 29, figs. 5-8. 1961 Retibivesiculites parvus Pierce, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 51-52. Description: See Couper (1958) and Kemp (1970). §$gg,£sggg: 35-60 microns total grain diameter. Occurrences: Late Jurassic to Maastrichtian. Found in 19 samples throughout the sections and varying from single occur- rences up to 3%. Elsewhere this taxon has been reported from the uppermost Jurassic to Albian of Holland (Burger, 1966 and Couper & Hughes, 1963), the "Wealden" of France (Levet-Carette, 1966), the Late Jurassic to Albian of England (Couper, 1958; Norris, 1969 and Kemp, 1970), the Early Cretaceous to Cenomanian of western Canada (Pocock, 1962; Singh, 1964 and 1971; and Norris, 1967), the Barremian to Albian of Maryland (Brenner, 1963), the middle Albian to early Cenomanian of Colorado and Nebraska (Pannella, 1966), the Cenomanian of Minnesota (Pierce, 1961) and the middle Cretaceous of the Atlantic Ocean (Habib, 1969 and 1970). Suggested affinity: Couper (1958) relates this taxon to certain species of the modern genus Dacrydium (e.g. 2. elatum). Genus Phyllocladidites Cookson, 1947 ex Couper, 1953 Type species: Phyllocladidites mawsonii Cookson, 1947 Phyllocladidites inchoatus (Pierce) Norris Plate 8, Figures 2-4 1961 Bacubivesiculites inchoatus Pierce, p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 34. 1961 Clavabivesiculites inchoatus Pierce, p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 36. 1961 Granabivesiculites inchoatus Pierce, p. 35, pl. 2, fig. 38. Description: See Norris (1967). 71 Size range: Corpus length ranges from 29-48 microns. Occurrences: Middle Albian to Maastrichtian. 13 specimens from 9 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Pre— vious occurrences include the Albian of Alberta (Norris, 1967 and Singh, 1971) and the Cenomanian of Minnesota (Pierce, 1961), and the Campanian of Montana (Tschudy, 1973). Suggested affinity: Brenner (1963) relates a similar Species (2. EEEng reticulatus) to the modern genus Phyllocladus, in particular‘g. hypophyllus as figured in Erdtman (1943). Discussion: With the exception of the rudimentary bladders, the above taxon closely resembles Monocolpopollenites asymmetricus (p. 80). Genus Podocarpidites (Cookson, 1947) ex Couper, 1953 non Podocaspidites (Cookson) emend. Potonie, 1958 Type species: Podocaspidites ellipticus Cookson, 1947 Podocarpidites potomacensis Brenner Plate 7, Figures 5-6 1963 Podocarpidites potomacensis Brenner, p. 82, pl. 32, figs. 1-2. Description: See Brenner (1963). ,§lggflggggg: 28-36 microns (corpus diameter only). Specimens found in this study were somewhat smaller than those reported by Brenner. Occurrences: Late Jurassic to Maastrichtian. 4 specimens from 4 samples, Navesink and Red Bank fms. Previous records include the Late Jurassic and early Neocomian of the Netherlands (Burger, 1966) and the Early Cretaceous of Maryland (Brenner, 1963). Suggested affinity: Podocarpaceae . 72 Genus Rugubivesiculites Pierce, 1961 Type species: Rugubivesiculites convolutus Pierce, 1961 See Potonie (1966, p. 126) for generic diagnosis Remarks: Specimens relating to this genus, as found in this study, are placed in three of the species originally described by Pierce (1961). However, due to extensive ranges of morphologic variation, it is difficult to circumscribe these taxa, and perhaps more or less species of this genus may actually be present. A natural taxonomic treatment for this genus could only be attempted through a detailed numeric analysis, which was not done for this study. Previous records of this genus include the Early Cretaceous of western Europe (Burger, 1966 and Herngreen, 1971), the late Albian- Maastrichtian of North America, the Senonian of Malaysia (Muller, 1968), and possibly the Cretaceous of Russia (Pinus aralica in Bolkhovitina, 1953 and Chlonova, 1961 and 1971). Rugubivesiculites convolutus Pierce Plate 8, Figures 7-8 1961 Rugubivesiculites convolutus Pierce, p. 39, pl. 2, fig. 57. Description: See Pierce (1961) Size range: 28-40 microns for central body, full length including bladders up to 67 microns. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. Found in 15 samples rang- ing from single occurrences up to 1.2%, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Previously recorded only by Pierce (1961) from the Cenomanian of Minnesota. Suggested affinity: Podocarpaceae according to Pierce (1961) and 73 Brenner (1963). A close relationship of this genus to the Pinaceae as well was suggested by Muller (1968), e.g. Pinus khasya and 2.,hsgggg- phylla (both extant species). In my opinion, pollen of the genus Rugubivesiculites most closely resembles that of Podocarpss nubigenus as illustrated in Erdtman (1957, p. 38 and 1965, p. 64). Rugubivesiculites reductus Pierce Plate 8, Figures 9-10 1961 Rugubivesiculites reductus Pierce, p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 64-65. 1961 ?Phyllocladidites? sp. Groot, Penny & Groot, p. 130, pl. 24, fig. 14. 1964 Podocarpidites cf. 3. major Couper, in Leopold & Pakiser, p. 81, p10 7, £188. 4'6. 1966 non Rugubivesiculites reductus Pierce, in Burger, p. 257, pl. 31, fig. 2, pl. 32, fig. 1. 1969 Podocarpidites n. sp. A Lohrengel, p. 134, pl. 8, fig. 3. 1970 non Rugubivesiculites reductus Pierce, in Habib, p. 356, pl. 4, fig. 7. 1971 ?Pinus aralica Bolkhovitina, in Chlonova, pl. 4, fig. 4. Description: See Pierce (1961). Size range: Length of central body 28-44 microns; total length up to 63 microns. Occurrences: Found in 23 samples throughout the sections ranging in abundance from single occurrences up to 15%. Not found, however, at the Highlands, N. J. locality. Previously reported from the middle Albian-Senonian of North America (Pierce, 1961, Groot, Penny & Groot, 1961, Brenner, 1963, Leopold & Pakiser, 1964, Williams & Brideaux, 1974, Pannella, 1966, Norris, 1967, Lohrengel, 1969, Griggs, 1970, Phillips & Felix, 1971b, and Gies, 1972), the Senonian 74 of Malaysia (Muller, 1968), and possibly the Cretaceous of Siberia (Chlonova, 1971). Suggested affinity: As given for R. convolutus. Rugsbivesiculites rugosus Pierce Plate 8, Figures 5-6 1961 Rugubivesiculites rugosus Pierce, p. 40, pl. 2, figs. 59-60. 1961 ?Pinus aralica Bolkhovitina, in Chlonova, p. 61, pl. 10, figs. 1-2. 1964 Podocarpidites cf. P. biformis Rouse, in Le0pold & Pakiser, p. 81, pl. 7, figs. 8-13. 1966 ?Rugubivesiculites app. Gray & Groot, p. 125, fig. 17 only. 1970 Rugubivesiculites reductus auct. non Pierce: Habib, p. 356, pl. 4, fig. 7. Description: See Pierce (1961). Size range: Length of central body 30-50 microns; total length up to 65 microns. Occurrences: Present in all but 3 samples throughout the sections, ranging from single occurrences up to 22%. Previous records include the late Albian-Maastrichtian of North America (Pierce, 1961, Davis, 1963, Leopold & Pakiser, 1964, Gray & Groot, 1966, Williams & Brideaux, 1974, Norris, 1967, Habib, 1970, Phillips & Felix, 1971b, Singh, 1971, and Gies, 1972) and possibly the Late Cretaceous of Siberia (Chlonova, 1961). Suggested affinity: As given for R. convolutus. Family Araucariaceae Genus Araucariacites Cookson, 1947 ex Couper, 1953 'Type species: Araucariacites australis Cookson, 1947 75 Araucariacites australis Cookson Plate 7, Figure 9 1947 Araucariacites australis Cookson, p. 130, pl. 13, figs. 1-4. Description: This species is used broadly to incorporate inaperturate grains that are circular in shape and have a smooth to granular exine surface. Size range: 30-70 microns. Occurrences: Jurassic to Cretaceous. Found in 22 samples throughout the sections studied, ranging from single occurrences up to 3.6%. A common form known world-wide from the upper Mesozoic. Suggested affinity: Couper (1958) relates this species to the Jurassic araucarian Brachyphyllum mamillare and to recent species of the Araucariaceae as well. Family Pinaceae Genus Pinuspollenites Raatz, 1937 Type species: PinuSpollenites labdacus (Potonie, 1931) Raatz, 1937 Pinuspollenites spp. Plate 7, Figures 11-15 1966 Abietineaepollenites spp. Gray & Groot, p. 126, pl. 42, fig. 18. Description: Bisaccate pollen grains, corpus scabrate to microreticu- late, bladders reticulate. Size range: 38-80 microns total length of grain. Occurrences: Present in all samples ranging in abundance from single occurrences up to 31%. Highest relative percentages generally occurred in the more marine samples. Suggested affinity: This taxon is intended only as a loose circ stem 3 L N J m n \i 76 circumscription for pollen forms that resemble the modern genus Pinus. Family Taxodiaceae Genus Taxodiaceaepollenites Kremp, 1949 Type species: Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus (Potonie) Kremp, 1949 Taxodiacesspollenites hiatus (Potonie) Kremp Plate 8, Figure 11 1931 Pollenites hiatus Potonie, p. 5, fig. 27. 1949 Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus (Potonie) Kremp, p. 59. 1965 232122 hispps (Potonie) Stanley, p. 273, pl. 38, figs. 1-3. Description: See Stanley (1965) for description and additional synonymy. Size range: 22-31 microns diameter. Occurrences: Tertiary, Cretaceous, and probably Jurassic. Found in 22 samples ranging up to 12% in one sample, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Highest percentages occurred in the Mt. Laurel Fm. which also represents the least marine segment of the section studied. Restriction of the stratigraphic range to Albian and younger sedi- ments as is done by some authors (e.g. Stanley, 1965 and Singh, 1971) is by name only. Similar taxa, if not identical, do exist from older sediments and are here considered a part of this taxon although not formally treated (e.g. Inaperturopollenites dubius as shown from the Late Jurassic and early Neocomian in Norris, 1969, p. 600). Suggested affinity: ?Cupressaceae, ?Taxodiaceae; see Stanley (1965). Genus Perinopollenites Couper, 1958 Type species: Perinopollenites elatoides Couper, 1958 77 Perinopollenites halonatus Phillips & Felix Plate 7, Figure 10 1971b PerinOpollenites halonatus Phillips & Felix, p. 459, pl. 14, figs. 15-16. 1972 Pterospermqpsis sp. Bond, p. 182, pl. 3, fig. 4 Description: Grains inaperturate, consisting of a central body and outer perine; f sperical in shape, but typically with 1-3 folds in the perine. Central body is smooth, uniform in thickness, and may or may not contain a central depressed area (5-8 microns) where the wall layer is reduced. Perine is smooth to finely scabrate or punctate. §igg,£§ggg: 22-26 microns diameter for central body; 30-36 microns for outer perine. Occurrences: Aptian to Maastrichtian. 8 specimens from 6 samples scattered throughout the sections. Elsewhere this taxon is known from the Aptian-Albian of Arkansas (Bond, 1972) and the Albian of Louisiana (Phillips & Felix, 1971b). Suggested affinity: ?Taxodiaceae. Discussion: The perine of this form has no pore, and is thus considered distinct from P. elatoides Couper (1958) and as described by Habib (1970, p. 360). Aside from this, 2. halonatus compares favor- ably with Habib's Specimens and also to his treatment of Exesippllenites tumulus Balme (1957). Order Gnetales Family Uncertain Genus Eucommiidites Erdtman emend. Hughes, 1961 Type species: Eucommiidites troedssonii Erdtman, 1948 78 Eucommiidites troedssonii Erdtman Plate 8, Figures 12-14 1948 Tricolpites (Eucommiidites) troedssonii Erdtman, p. 267, figs. 5-10, 13-15. 1958 Eucommiidites troedssonii Erdtman, in Couper, p. 160, pl. 31, figs. 23-27. Description: See Erdtman (1948), Couper (1958) and Hughes (1961). §igglrgggg: 24-28 microns diameter. Occurrences: Jurassic and Cretaceous. 2 specimens from 1 sample, Mt. Laurel Fm. Other accounts of this taxon are wide- Spread in various parts of the world from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Suggested affinity: ?Gnetales (Chlamydospermales) as given in Hughes (1961). Erdtman (1948) originally proposed a possible angiospermous affinity for Eucommiidites. However, Couper (1958) and Hughes (1961) suggested a gymnospermous relationship for this genus, which was confirmed by Brenner (1967a) who found E2229- miidites pollen in the micropylar canals and pollen chambers of numerous specimens of a gymnospermous seed species from the Early Cretaceous of Virginia. Subdivision Angiospermae Class Monocotyledonae Order Pandales Family Sparganiaceae Genus Sparganiaceaepollenites Thiergart, 1938 Type species: Spargsniaceaepollenites polygonalis Thiergart, 1938 See Krutzsch (1970) also for description of genus. 79 Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. Plate 9, Figures 1-4 Description: Ulcerate pollen grains with a I Spheroidal shape. Dia- meter of aperture ranges from 4 to 8 microns. Endexine thin, ektexine up to 2 microns thick. Ornamentation consists of dupli- baculate muri that fuse peripherally into a reticulum. Lumina vary in shape among specimens from polygonal to rounded. Ornamentation is best developed on the proximal face, and‘is reduced distally toward the ulcus. Grains most often found with folds. Size range: 28-33 microns diameter; 8 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. Present in 7 samples, Navesink and Red Bank fms. Found in 5 samples from the Highlands, N. J. locality where abundances varied from 0.8-2.0%. The remaining two sample occurrences were single from the Antlantic Highlands, N. J. section. Suggested affinity: Sparganium. Discussion: S, magnoides Krutzsch (1970) is similar to the taxon described above, but cannot be considered conSpecific with certainty. Monocotyledonae-Incertae sedis Genus Clavatipollenites Couper, 1958 Type Species: Clavatipollenites hughesii Couper, 1958 Clavatipollenites hughesii Couper emend. Kemp Plate 10, Figures 1-2 1958 Clavatipollenites hughesii Couper, p. 159, pl. 31, figs. 19-22. 1968 Clavatipollenites hughesii Couper emend. Kemp, p. 426, pl. 80, figs. 9-19. 80 1971b Clavatipollenites tenellis Phillips & Felix, p. 466, pl. 15, figs. 19-21. Description: See Kemp (1968). Size range: 16-22 microns; 4 specimens measured. Occurrences: Barremian to Maastrichtian. 4 specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Found at Marl- boro, Poricy Brook, and Highlands localities. Clavatipollenites hughesii is reported in numerous studies throughout the world from Barremian to Albian strata. In the Upper Cretaceous it is only rarely found, e.g., the ”Cenomanian of the North Atlantic Ocean (Habib, 1969 and 1970) and the present study. Suggested affinity: Probably angiosperm or gymnosperm; see Kemp (1968, p. 429). Genus MonocolpOpollenites Pflug & Thomson, 1953 emend. Nichols, Ames, & Traverse, 1973 [Type species: Monocolpspollenites tranqsillus (Potonie, 1934) Thom- son & Pflug, 1953 MonocolpOpollenites asymmetricus (Pierce) comb. nov. Plate 10, Figures 21-23 1961 Granamonocolpites asymmetricus Pierce, p. 46, pl. 3, fig. 85. 1963 Monosulcites scabrus Brenner, p. 95, pl. 42, fig. 1. 1966 Sabsipollenites dividuus Kimyai, p. 470, pl. 2, fig. 13; see also: Phillips & Felix (1971b), p. 465, pl. 15, fig. 18. 1970 Palmaepollenites asymmetricus (Pierce) Habib, p. 358, pl. 6, fig. 15. Description: See Pierce (1961), Brenner (1963), and Habib (1970). Size range: 26-51 microns diameter. Occurrences: Albian to Maastrichtian. 13 specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank (1 specimen) fms. 81 Previous occurrences include the Albian of Maryland (Brenner, 1963); Albian-Cenomanian of Delaware (Brenner, 1967) and the Horizon Beta Out- crOp of the Atlantic Ocean (Habib, 1970); Cenomanian of Minnesota (Pierce, 1961), New Jersey (Kimyai, 1966), and Louisiana and Mississippi (Phillips & Felix, 1971b). Suggested affinity: Pierce (1961) relates this species to the Magnoli- aceae (e.g. Msgnolia virginiana). Kimyai (1966) suggests this has a similar morphology to the modern palm genus §spsi. Discussion: Except for the lack of rudimentary bladders M, asymmetricus closely resembles Phyllocladidites inchoatus (p. 70). Monosulcites msjor Kemp (1970) is similar to the above taxon, but is larger. Class Dicotyledonae Order Juglandales Family Juglandaceae Genus Momipites Wodehouse, 1933 emend. Nichols, 1973 Type species: Momipites coryloides Wodehouse, 1933 Momipites inaequalis Anderson Plate 9, Figures 7-9 1960 Momipites inaequalis Anderson, p. 25, pl. 6, figs. 7-10, pl. 7, fig. 13. 1967 Myricipites cavilloratus Drugg, p. 56, pl. 8, figs. 20-21, 50. 1968b Engelhardtia inaegualis (Anderson) Elsik, p. 602, pl. 16, fig. 17, 19-200 1969 deatriopollenites granilabratus (auct. non Stanley) Norton: Norton & Hall, p. 40, pl. 5, fig. 18. 1973 Mjiicipites cavilloratus Drugg emend. Chmura, p. 141, pl. 32, fig. 1. 82 Description: Pores of this taxon are variable in position, as is men- tioned in Drugg (1967) and Chmura (1973). Otherwise as given in Anderson (1960). gung‘ggggg: 18-28 microns; 35 specimens measured. (Mscurrences: Campanian to Paleocene. Present in 19 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. from the localities at Marl- laorxa, Poricy Brook, and Highlands. Abundances ranged from single occur- rences up to 5.3%. Elsewhere this taxon is known from the Campanian to Ikanian of California (Drugg, 1967 and Chmura, 1973), the Maastrichtian of Phantana (Norton & Hall, 1969), and the Paleocene of New Mexico (Anderson, 1960) and Texas (Elsik, 1968b). Suggested affinity: Juglandaceae according to Chmura (1973) and Nichols (1973). Pollen of M. inaequalis is also similar to cerrtain Species of Casuarina (see illustrations of‘g. luckmanii and s. distyla in Srivastava, 1972b, p. 238, pl. 8, figs. 7-9). Momipites microcoryphaeus (Potonie) Nichols Plate 9, Figures 5-6 193]. Pollenites microcoryphaeus Potonie, p. 332, tab. 2, fig. 13. 195() Engelhardtioidites microcoryphaeus (Potonie) Potonie, Thomson & Thiergart, p. 51, p1. B, fig. 8, p1. C, fig. 16. 195W3 Triatriqpollenites coryphaeus subsp. microcoryphaeus (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug, p. 81, pl. 8, figs. 38-63. 1973 Mpmipites microcoryphaeus (Potonie) Nichols, p. 107. 2§§cription: See Thomson & Pflug (1953). §l§£.£éggg: 13-17 microns; 13 specimens measured. QEEEEEEQEEs: Maastrichtian to Miocene. Present in 18 samples ranging up to 5.2%, Mt. Laurel, Navesink and Red Bank fms. from the Localities at Marlboro, Poricy Brook, and Highlands. Previously 83 known from the Tertiary of Europe (Potonie, 1931 and Thomson & Pflug, 1953). Suggested affinity: Juglandaceae according to Nichols (1973). Momipites tenuipolus Anderson Plate 9, Figures 10-15 1960 Momipites tenuipolus Anderson, p. 25, pl. 7, fig. 14, pl. 8, figs. 14-15. 1962b Triatriopollenites marylandicus Groot & Groot, p. 165, pl. 30, figs. 4-50 1964 Engelhardtioidites cf. E. microcoryphaeus auct. non (Potonie) Thiergart: Engelhardt, p. 77, pl. 4, fig. 44. 1965 Engelhardtia microfoveolata Stanley, p. 300, pl. 45, figs. 8-13. 1968b Engelhardtia tenuipolus (Anderson) Elsik, p. 600, pl. 16, figs. 3-6, 8. 1970 MaceOpolipollenites tenuipolus (Anderson) Leffingwell, p. 31, pl. 6, fig. 4. 1972b Engelhardtioidites tenuipolus (Anderson) Srivastava, p. 248, pl. 11, figs. 7-8. Description: See Anderson (1960) and comments in Elsik (1968b). Size range: 10-16 microns; 8 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Eocene. Present in 16 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. from the localities at Marlboro, Poricy Brook, and Highlands. Relative abundances ranged up to 2.4%. Previously known from the Maastrichtian to Danian of California (Drugg, 1967), the Paleocene of New Mexico (Anderson, 1960), ‘Texas (Elsik, 1968b), Alabama (Srivastava, 1972b), Maryland (Groot & (Erect, 1962b), South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), and Wyoming (Leffingwell, 1970), the Paleocene to Eocene of Mississippi (Nichols 6: Stewart, 1971 arui Engelhardt, 1964), and the Eocene of Alberta and British Columbia (H0pkins, 1969 and Rouse, HOpkins, & Piel, 1970). 84 Suggested affinity: ‘M. tenuipolus closely resembles the modern genus Engelhardtia (Juglandaceae). Order Proteales Family Proteaceae Genus Proteacidites Cookson, 1950 ex Couper, 1953 Type species: Proteacidites adenanthoides Cookson, 1950 Proteacidites marginus Rouse Plate 9, Figures 19-20 1962 Proteacidites marginus Rouse, p. 205, pl. 2, fig. 26. Description: See Rouse (1962). Size range: 20-34 microns; 6 specimens measured. Occurrences: Santonian to Paleocene. 12 specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, Red Bank, and Tinton fms. from the localities at Marlboro, Poricy Brook, and Pine Brook. Previously known from the Santonian to Campanian of British Columbia and Alberta (Rouse, 1962 and Rouse, Hopkins, & Piel, 1970), the Late Cretaceous to Eocene of Washington (Griggs, 1970), and the Maastrichtian to Paleocene of Idontana (Norton & Hall, 1969 and Oltz, 1969). Suggested affinity: Proteaceae. Discussion: Finer ornamentation and more "notch-like" apertures are features which distinguish P. marginus from 2. retusus. Proteacidites retusus Anderson Plate 9, Figures 16-18 1960 Proteacidites retusus Anderson, p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 5-7. 1967 Proteacidites mollis auct. non Samoilovitch: Drugg, p. 57, pl. 8, fig. 37. 85 Description: Pores may vary from round to elongated slits, and the size range is here extended up to 30 microns. Otherwise as given in Anderson (1960). Size range: 22-30 microns; 5 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Paleocene. 10 specimens from six sam- ples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. from the localities at Marlboro and Poricy Brook. Previously known from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming (Stone, 1973), the Maastrichtian of Montana (Norton & Hall, 1969 and Tschudy, 1970), New Mexico (Anderson, 1960), South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), and Utah (Lohrengel, 1969), and the Maastrichtian to Danian of California (Drugg, 1967). Suggested affinity: Proteaceae. Discussion: Coarser ornamentation and more rounded apertures are fea- tures which distinguish P. retusus from P. marginus. Proteacidites thalmannii Anderson Plate 9, Figures 21-23 1960 Proteacidites thalmannii Anderson, p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 1~4, pl. 10, figs. 9-13. 1965 Proteacidites retusus auct. non Anderson: Stanley (pars), p. 307, pl. 46, figs. 4-5 only. 1967 Proteacidites thalmannii Anderson: In Drugg, p. 58, pl. 8, fig. 38. 1969c Proteacidites thalmannii Anderson: In Srivastava, p. 1575, fig. 13. Description: See Anderson (1960), Drugg (1967), and Srivastava (1969c). Sizerrange: 22-28 microns; 5 specimens measured. Overall literature size ranges from 17-41 microns. Occurrences: Santonian to Eocene. 5 specimens from 5 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Previously known 86 from the Santonian to Campanian of British Columbia and Alberta (Rouse, Hapkins & Piel, 1970), the Santonian to Maastrichtian of Delaware and New Jersey (Gray & Groot, 1966), the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming (Stone, 1973), the Maastrichtian of Alberta (Srivastava, 1966 and 1969c), New Mexico (Anderson, 1960), South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), Utah (Lohrengel, 1969), and the U.S.S.R. (Bratzeva, 1965), the Maastrichtian to Danian of California (Drugg, 1967), the Maastrichtian to Paleocene of Montana (Oltz, 1969 and Norton & Hall, 1969), and the Eocene of British Colum- bia (HOpkins, 1969). Suggested affinity: Proteaceae. Proteacidites sp. Plate 9, Figure 24 Description: Triaperturate, apertures large, circular, equatorial, with anulus about 4-5 microns wide, diameter of aper- tures 8 microns. Amb triangular, sides I straight, poles flattened, polar axis compressed. Surface ornamentation reticulate, fine at the poles, but becoming abruptly coarse in the inter-apertures toward the equator. Lumina up to 4 microns, height of baculae up to 2.5 microns. Size range: 30-32 microns; 2 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian. 2 specimens from 2 samples, Red Bank and Tinton fms. from the localities at Highlands and Pine Brook. Suggested affinity: Proteaceae. Discussion: The variation of reticulate ornamentation in the above taxon is more pronounced than in P. thalmannii. Protea- cidites sp. Hopkins (1969, p. 1124), a possible Cretaceous reworked 87 specimen in the Eocene of British Columbia may be conspecific with the grains found in this study. Order Sapindales Family Sapindaceae Genus Cupanieidites Cookson & Pike, 1954 emend. Chmura , 1973 Type species: Cupanieidites orthoteichus Cookson & Pike, 1954 Cupanieidites sp. Chmura Plate 9, Figures 25-26 1973 Cupanieidites sp. Chmura, p. 138, pl. 29, figs. 13-17, pl. 30, figs. 1-3. Description: See Chmura (1973). Size range: 26-36 microns; 4 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Maastrichtian. 4 specimens from 3 samples, Mt. Laurel and Navesink fms. from the Marlboro locality only. Previously reported from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Cali- fornia (Chmura, 1973) and the Eocene of Australia (Cookson & Pike, 1954). Suggested affinity: Cookson & Pike (1954) compare a similar Species (C. major) with Cupaniopsis wadsworthii, a present day rainforest tree of Queensland and New South Wales. According to Chmura, the above taxon may represent pollen from several cupanieaceous species. Genus Insulapollenites Leffingwell, 1970 Type Species: Insulapollenites rugulatus Leffingwell, 1970 Insulspollenites rugulatus Leffingwell Plate 9, Figures 27-28 88 1962b Unclassified pollen sp. 1 Groot & Groot, p. 170, pl. 31, figs. 10-11. 1970 Insulapollenites rugulatus Leffingwell, p. 48, pl. 9, figs. 11-12. Description: See Leffingwell (1970). Size range: 24-44 microns; 4 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian-Paleocene. 4 specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Elsewhere this Species has been reported from the Paleocene of Wyoming (Leffingwell, 1970) and Maryland (Groot & Groot, 1962b). Suggested affinity: Groot & Groot (1962b) suggest the Sapindaceae or Myrtaceae. Order Myrtiflorae Family Nyssaceae Genus Nyssspollenites Thiergart, 1937 Type species: Nyssapollenites pseudocruciatus (Potonie, 1931) Thier- gart, 1937 Nyssapollenites_psercoensis (Anderson) Drugg, 1967 Plate 9, Figures 30-32 1960 Nyssa_puercoensis Anderson, p. 23, pl. 7, fig. 12. 1967_Nyssspollenites_psercoensis (Anderson) Drugg, p. 52, pl. 8, fig. 4. Description: See Anderson (1960) and Drugg (1967). Size range: 26-38 microns; 11 specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Danian. 11 specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Found at Highlands, Marlboro, and Poricy Brook localities. Elsewhere this taxon has been reported from Campanian to Danian in California (Drugg, 1967 and Chmura, 1973) and lowermost Paleocene in New Mexico (Anderson, 1960). 89 Suggested affinity: Nyssa. Discussion: Taxa which are similar, but not synonymous are: Pollen— ites kruschi forma accessorius Potonie (1934, p. 65), Fagus gtanulatus Martin & Rouse (1966, p. 199, also in Hopkins, 1969, p. 1119), cf. Symplocgipollenites sp. Elsik (1968b, p. 636), Symplo- coipollenites morrinensis Srivastava (1969b, p. 54), and Tricolpor0- _psllenites intergranulatus Norton (1969, p. 51). Family Haloragaceae Genus Gunnerites Cookson & Pike, 1954 Type species: Gunnerites reticulatus (Cookson, 1947) Cookson & Pike, 1954 Gunnerites reticulatus (Cookson) Cookson & Pike Plate 9, Figure 29 1947 Tricolpites reticulata Cookson, p. 134, pl. 15, fig. 45. 1954 Gunnerites reticulatus (Cookson) Cookson & Pike, p. 201, pl. 1, figs. 18-19. 1965 Tricolpites interangulus Newman, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 3. Description: See Cookson (1947) and Newman (1965). Size range: 28-36 microns; 4 specimens measured. Occurrences: Senonian to Pliocene. 4 specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel and Red Bank fms. Elsewhere this taxon is known from the Late Cretaceous of Colorado (Newman, 1965) and Wyoming (Stone, 1973), Campanian of Montana (Tschudy, 1973), Maastrichtian of Alberta (Srivastava, 1966), Late Cretaceous to Eocene of Washington (Griggs, 1970b, Lower Tertiary of the Kerguelen Archipelago (Cookson, 1947), and the Pliocene of New Guinea (Cookson & Pike, 1954). Suggested affinity: Cookson & Pike (1954) relate s. reticulatus to the 9O extant genus Gunnera (Haloragaceae). Discussion: Gunnera microreticulata (Belsky, Boltenhagen, Potonie, 1965) Leffingwell, 1970 is more finely reticulate than s. reticulatus. Dicotyledonae-Incertae sedis Genus Extratripprqpollenites Pflug emend. Skarby, 1968 Type species: Extratriporopollenites fractus Pflug, in Thomson & Pflug, 1953 Extratriporqpollenites minimus (Krutzsch) comb. nov. Plate 10, Figures 3-4 1959a Minorpollis minimus Krutzsch, p. 141, pl. 32, fig. 10-14. 1967 Minorpollis minimus Krutzsch, in Goczan et al., p. 478, pl. 11, figs. l-ll. 1970 TriatriOpollenites sp. Tschudy, p. 99, pl. 6, fig. 7. 1971 New Genus K, Wolfe & Pakiser, p. 45, fig. 5f. Description: Specimens from this study are Slightly larger; otherwise the same as in Krutzsch (1959a) and Goczan et a1. (1967). Size range: 10-16 microns; 24 specimens measured. Size given in Krutzsch (1959a) is 8-11 microns. Occurrences: Middle Turonian to Eocene. Present in 13 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. from the localities at Marlboro, Poricy Brook and Highlands. Highest relative abundances occurred in the Mt. Laurel Fm. at Marlboro (up to 7%). Previous occur- rences include the middle Turonian to Eocene of central Europe (Krutzsch, 1959a and Goczan et al., 1967), the Santonian of New Jersey (Wolfe & Pakiser, 1971) and the Paleocene of the Mississippi Embayment region (Tschudy, 1970). 91 Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: Other Similar taxa are Pollenites bituitus (Potonie) Potonie (1934), Triatriopollenites concavus Pflug (in Thomson & Pflug, 1953), Triatriopollenites excelsus subsp. microtur- gidus Pflug (in Thomson & Pflug, 1953), and Triatrioppllenites excel- sus subsp. minor Pflug (in Thomson & Pflug, 1953). Extratriporopsllenites nonperfectus Pflug Plate 10, Figures 6-9 1953 Extratriporopollenites nonperfectus Pflug, in Thomson & Pflug, p. 75, pl. 6, figs. 109-110. 1953 Trudopollis nonperfectus (Pflug) Pflug, p. 101, pl. 23, figs. 9-12. 1965 Betula infrequens Stanley, p. 290, pl. 43, figs. 7-11. 1966 TrudOpolliS acinosus (auct. non Agranovskaya) Gray & Groot, p. 130, pl. 43, fig. 14. 1968 Extratriporopollenites nonperfectus Pflug, in Skarby, p. 37, pl. 15, figs. 1-13, fig. 7: 2. 1971 Trudopollis spp. Wolfe & Pakiser, p. 43, fig. 4f-i. 1972b Extratriporopollenites nonperfectus Pflug, in Srivastava, p. 252, pl. 13, figs. 5-11, pl. 14, figs. 1-4. Description: See Skarby (1968) and remarks in Srivastava (1972b). Size range: 17-27 microns; 15 specimens measured. Occurrences: Santonian to Paleocene. Present in 11 samples, Navesink, Red Bank and Tinton fms. from the Marlboro, Poricy Brook, Highlands, and Pine Brook localities. Relative abundances were greatest at the Highlands locality (occurrences in 7 samples, up to 2.0%). Pre- viously known from the Campanian of Germany (Pflug, 1953, Weyland & Krieger, 1953 and Skarby, 1968) and Sweden (Skarby, 1968), the Paleocene of Russia (Zaklinskaya, 1963), the Santonian of New Jersey (Wolfe & Pakiser, 1971), the Campanian of New Jersey (Gray & Groot, 1966), and 92 the Paleocene of Alabama (Srivastava, 1972b) and South Dakota (Stan- ley, 1965). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: .E- firmus Skarby (1968) may be the same as E. nonperfectus (see remarks by Srivastava, 1972b, p. 252). Extratriporopollenites silicatus (Pflug) Skarby Plate 10, Figures 10-13 1953 Plicapollis silicatus Pflug, p. 98, pl. 19, figs. 11-17, 21-22. 1965 Sporgpollis laqueaeformis auct. non Weyland & Greifeld, 1953: Newman, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1966 TriatriOpollenites perplexus auct. non Pflug: Gray & Groot, p. 130, pl. 43, fig. 4. 1968 ExtratriporOpollenites silicatus (Pflug) Skarby, p. 54, pl. 24, figs. 12-16. 1970 Plicapollis Sp. Tschudy, p. 99, pl. 6, fig. 27. 1971 Plicapollis sp. Wolfe & Pakiser, p. 45, fig. 5h. Description:, Aperture regions somewhat variable among grains, the annuli may remain thick around a narrow pore canal, or they may be distended forming a vestibulum. For remainder of descrip- tion, see Skarby (1968). Size range: 14-20 microns; 9 specimens measured. Occurrences: Santonian to Paleocene. 9 Specimens from 5 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink and Red Bank fms. from the localities at Highlands and Marlboro. Previous occurrences include the Campanian of Germany (Weyland & Krieger, 1953, Pflug, 1953 and Skarby, 1968) and Sweden (Skarby, 1968), the Santonian to Maastrichtian of Delaware and New Jersey (Gray & Groot, 1966 and Wolfe & Pakiser, 1971), the Cam- panian of Maastrichtian of Colorado (Newman, 1965), the Upper Cretaceous 93 and Paleocene of the Mississippi Embayment region (Tschudy, 1970), and the Paleocene of Maryland (Groot & Groot, 1962b). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: Certain taxa other than E. silicatus that may be in part synonymous are: E. serta (Pflug) Skarby (1968), E. pen — serta (Pflug) Skarby (1968), and E. emaciatus Skarby (1968). ExtratriporOpollenites thornei (Drugg) comb. nov. Plate 10, Figures 14-15 1967 Gothanipollis thornei Drugg, p. 55, pl. 8, figs. 29-30. 1967 Gothanipsllis sp. Drugg, p. 55, pl. 8, 32. 1968 Extratriporspollenites tenellus Skarby, p. 48, pl. 22, figs. 1-8, fig. 10: 3-4. 1971 New Genus D Wolfe & Pakiser, p. 43, fig. 4m. 1973 Plicapollis thornei (Drugg) Chmura emend., p. 143, pl. 32, figs. 5.9. Description: See Skarby (1968) and Chmura (1973). Size range: 26-28 microns; 5 specimens measured. Occurrences: Santonian to Danian. 6 Specimens from 6 samples, Mt. Laurel and Red Bank fms. from the localities at Marlboro and Poricy Brook. Previously known from the Campanian of Germany and Sweden (Skarby, 1968), the Santonian of New Jersey (Wolfe & Pakiser, 1971), and the Campanian to Danian of California (Drugg, 1967 and Chmura, 1973). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Discussion: Other taxa which are similar, but not the same are: Plicapsllis msgnus Groot, Penny & Groot (1961), Vacu- pollis sp. 2 Groot, Penny & Groot (1961), Conclavipollis densilatus Kimyai (1966), and Complexiepollis sp. Doyle (1969). 94 The treatment of taxa representing the Normapolles group in this Study has followed Skarby (1968), and to remain consistent, it was necessary to provide a new combination for the above taxon. Extratriporspollenites sp. Plate 10, Figure 5 1961 VacquolliS Sp. 1 Groot, Penny & Groot, p. 138, pl. 26, fig. 50. Description: See Groot, Penny & Groot (1961). Size range: 14-16 microns; 2 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Santonian to Maastrichtian. 2 Specimens from 2 samples, Mt. Laurel and Navesink fms. from the localities at Marlboro and Poricy Brook. Previously known from the Santonian of New Jersey (Groot, Penny & Groot, 1961). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus Holkopollenites Fairchild, 1966 Type Species: HolkOpolleniteS chemardensis Fairchild, in Stover, Elsik & Fairchild (1966) Holkopollenites chemardensis Fairchild Plate 10, Figures 16-20 1966 Holkgpollenites chemardensis Fairchild, in Stover, Elsik, & Fair- child, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 2, figs. 8-9. .Qescription: See Stover et a1. (1966) and Srivastava (1972b) §lge,£g§ge: 23-34 microns; 17 specimens measured. Total size range reported in literature is 17-40 microns. Qggurrences: Maastrichtian to Paleocene. 17 specimens from 14 samples scattered throughout the sections. Previous occurrences include the Paleocene of the Gulf Coast (Fairchild & Elsik, 1969), 95 Louisiana (Stover et al., 1966), Texas (Elsik, 1968b), Alabama (Sriva- .stava, 1972b), and reworked in the Neogene from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Elsik, 1969). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus Retitricolpites van der Hammen, 1956, ex Pierce, 1961 Type species: Retitricgipites ornatus van der Hammen, 1956 Remarks: See Singh (1971, p. 199) for remarks pertaining to validity of this genus. Retitricoipites_georgensis Brenner Plate 10, Figures 36-37 1963 Retitricolpites geotgensis Brenner, p. 91, pl. 38, figs. 6-7. 1966 Tricolpites cf. T. reticulatus auct. non Cookson, 1947: Hedlund, p. 29, pl. 9, fig. 3. Description: See Brenner (1963). Size range: 24-32 microns; 6 specimens measured. Qecurrences: Albian to Maastrichtian. 11 specimens from 10 samples scattered throughout the sections. Previously this taxon has been reported from the Albian of Maryland (Brenner, 1963), and Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Playford, 1971); the Albian-Cenomanian of Alberta (Norris, 1967 and Singh, 1971) and Oklahoma (Hedlund, 1966 EHIO Hedlund & Norris, 1968); and the Cenomanian of Louisiana (Phillips & Felix, 1971b). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus Tricolpites Cookson, 1947 ex Couper, 1953 emend. Potonie, 1960 Type species: Tricolpites reticulatus Cookson, 1947 96 Tricolpites anguloluminosus Anderson Plate 10, Figures 28-29 1960 Tricolpites anguloluminosus Anderson, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 15-17. 1965 Tricolpites bathyteticulatus Stanley, p. 320, pl. 47, figs. 18-23. 1968b Tricolpopollenites anguloluminosus (Anderson) Elsik, p. 624, pl. 24, figs. 15-16, pl. 25, fig. 1. 1973 Tricolpites anguloluminosus Anderson: In Chmura, p. 108, pl. 22, figs. 13-14. Description: See Anderson (1960) and Chmura (1973). Size range: 24-28 microns; 2 specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Paleocene. 2 Specimens from 2 samples, Red Bank Fm. Elsewhere this taxon is known from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming (Stone, 1973), the Late Campanian of Colorado (Dickinson, Leopold, & Marvin, 1968), the Campanian to Danian of Cali- fornia (Drugg, 1967 and Chmura, 1973), the Paleocene of Texas (Elsik, 1968b), New Mexico (Anderson, 1960), South Dakota (Stanley, 1965) Wyoming (Leffingwell, 1970), and Montana (Oltz, 1969 and Norton & Hall, 1967 and 1969). Suggested affinity: According to Drugg (1967) T, anguloluminosus is similar to pollen of the extant Species Bucklandia pOpu lnea (Hamame 1 idaceae) . .Qiscussion: TricolpOpplleniteS platyreticulatus Groot, Penny & Groot (1961) is Similar but smaller. Tricolpites_parvus Stanley Plate 10, Figures 24-27 1965 Tricolpites parvus Stanley, p. 322, pl. 47, figs. 28-31. 1966 Tricoipopollenites retiformis auct. non Pflug & Thomson: Gray & Groot, p. 127, pl. 43, fig. 5. 97 1968b TricolpOpollenites hians (Stanley) Elsik (pars), p. 622, pl. 23, figs. 17, 19, pl. 24, figs. 1-7. 1973 Tricolpopollenites turonicus (auct. non Mtchedlishvili) Chmura, p. 119, pl. 25, figs. 1-3. Description: Shape for specimens seen in this study varies from oblate to subprolate, otherwise as given in Stanley (1965) and Srivastava (1972b). Size range: 16-28 microns; 21 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Paleocene. Found in 20 samples varying from Single occurrences up to 10%, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. With only one exception, it was found only at the Marl- boro, Poricy Brook, and Highlands localities. Elsewhere this taxon is known from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of Delaware and New Jersey (Gray & Groot, 1966) and California (Chmura, 1973), the Maastrich- tian to Paleocene of Wyoming (Leffingwell, 1970), and the Paleocene of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), Texas, (Elsik, 1968b), and Alabama (Sriva- stava, 1972b). Suggested affinity: Elsik (1968b) suggests §£ll§ as a probably affinity. Discussion: Similar taxa are T.‘Eisps Stanley (1965) which has a thinner exine and T, ssgsg Norris (1967) which has finer ornamentation. All authors who illustrate this taxon, with the exception of Elsik (1968) Show the grains in polar view only, and with colpi widely separ- ated. This repeated Splitting of the colpi is suggestive of a Spher- oidal to prolate Shape, not oblate as the taxon is usually described. Genus Tricolpopollenites Pflug & Thomson, 1953 Type species: Tricolpopollenites parmularius (Potonie) Pflug & Thomson in Thomson & Pflug, 1953 98 Tricolpopollenites micromunus Groot & Penny Plate 10, Figures 32-35 1960 Tricolpopollenites micromunus Groot & Penny, p. 232, pl. 2, figs. 6-7. 1961 Retitricolpites minutus Pierce, p. 52, pl. 3, figs. 109-110. 1963 Tricolpopollenites micromunus Groot & Penny, in Brenner, p. 93, pl. 39, fig. 7, pl. 40, fig. 1. 1973 Tricolpppollenites_sparsus forma vescus (auct. non Samoilovitch) Chmura, p. 119, pl. 24, figs. 21-23. Pi Description: See Brenner (1963) for best description. Size range: 14-18 microns; 5 specimens measured. L-. Occurrences: Albian to Danian. ll Specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. from the localities at High- lands, Marlboro, and Poricy Brook. Previously known from the Albian of Maryland (Brenner, 1963, Doyle, 1969 and Groot & Penny, 1960) and Okla- homa (Hedlund S Norris, 1968), the Cenomanian of Delaware (Brenner, 1967) and Minnesota (Pierce, 1961), the Turonian of Peru (Brenner, 1968), the probable late Cenomanian-Santonian (South Amboy Fire Clay-Raritan Fm.) of New Jersey (Groot, Penny & Groot, 1961), and the Campanian to Danian of California (Drugg, 1967 and Chmura, 1973). Epggested affinity: Brenner (1963) compares T, micromunus to pollen of Tetracentron sinense, the only living Species of the Tetracentraceae, a primitive dicot family, which is presently distributed only in south-central China and adjacent Burma. Tricolpopollenites micropunctatus Groot, Penny, & Groot Plate 10, Figures 30-31 1961 Tricolpopollenites micropunctatus Groot, Penny & Groot, p. 133, pl. 26, fig. 9. 99 Description: See Groot, Penny & Groot (1961). §ige_£§pge: 11-18 microns; 10 specimens measured. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. 19 specimens from 7 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Found only at the Marlboro and Poricy Brook localities. Previously known from the Cenomanian of Alabama (Groot, Penny & Groot, 1961). Suggested affinity: ?Quercus according to Groot, Penny & Groot (1961). Tricolpepollenites Simpiicissimus Groot, Penny & Groot Plate 10, Figures 38-42 1961 Tricolpqpollenites simpiicissimus Groot, Penny & Groot, p. 132, pl. 26, fig. 6. 1969 Tricolpopollenites parvulus auct. non Groot & Penny, 1960: Loh- rengel, p. 158, pl. 12, fig. 2. Description: See Groot, Penny & Groot (1961). §ige'tsgge: 15-20 microns; 6 specimens measured. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. Found in 17 samples up to 4%, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Present only at the Highlands, Marlboro and Poricy Brook localities. Previous reports of this taxon include the Cenomanian of Alabama (Groot, Penny & Groot, 1961) and the Maastrichtian of Utah (Lohrengel, 1969). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Genus Tricolpor0pollenites Pflug, 1953 Type species: Tricolporppollenites dolium (Potonie, 1931) Thomson & Pflug, 1953 Tricolpor0pollenites cingulum (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug Plate 11, Figures 1-5 1931 Pollenites cingulum Potonie, p. 26, pl. 1, figs. 45-56, 48, 60-62. 100 1953 Tricolporopollenites cingulum (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug, p. 100, pl. 12, figs. 15-27. 1972b Rhoipites cingulus (Potonie) Srivastava, p. 268, pl. 20, figs. 7-8. Description: Total exine thickness up to 1.5 microns; otherwise as described in Srivastava (1972b). Size range: 12-19 microns; 23 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Tertiary. 23 Specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. from the local- fr: ities at Marlboro and Poricy Brook. Previous occurrences include the L_.- Paleocene of Alabama (Srivastava, 1972b), and Texas (Elsik, 1968b), ‘ and the Tertiary of Europe (Potonie, 1931 and Thomson & Pflug, 1953). Epggested affinity: According to Potonie (1934) this taxon is Similar to modern pollen of Punica gianatum and Aesculus glabra. Potonie & Venitz (1934) compare this form to the Puniaceae and Ononis ramosissimus (Leguminosae). Discussion: ‘T. cingulum differs from T. distinctus in this study by having larger pores and a thicker exine. These characters however, may overlap among these two species. Similar taxa that cannot here be placed into definite synonymy are: Tricolporites prolata Cookson (1947), and also in Lohrengel (1969), Tricolperites sp. Anderson (1960), and Tricolporopollenites triangulus Groot, Penny & Groot (1961). Tricoiporopollenites crypteporus (Srivastava) comb. nov. Plate 11, Figures 6-11 1953 Tricolporopollenites kruschi subsp. pseudolaesus (Potonie) Thom- son & Pflug (pars), p. 104, pl. 13, figs. 50, 59-60. 1960 Quercus explanata Anderson (pars), p. 19, pl. 5, fig. 20 only. 101 1965 Caprifoliipites longus Stanley, p. 295, pl. 44, figs. 10-14. 1966 Tricolpites wilsonii Kimyai, p. 471, pl. 2, fig. 18. 1968b Tricolporopollenites kruschii (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug, in Elsik (pars), p. 628, pl. 31, figs. 2-4, 9, 11-16, pl. 32, figs. 1-3, 6—7, pl. 33, figs. 1-3. 1972b Margocolporites cribellatus Srivastava, p. 260, pl. 19, figs. 1-8, pl. 20, figs. 1-2. 1972b Rhoipites etyptoporus Srivastava, p. 270, pl. 21, figs. 1-11. Description: The shape of this form varies from Sphaeroidal to prolate. Those authors who describe this taxon as oblate only illustrate specimens oriented in polar view with gaping colpi. The state of these forms is here considered the result of mechanical polar compression rather than a natural phenomenon. For remainer of descrip- tion see Srivastava (1972b) for E. cribellatus and E. cryptoporus. Eise,tspge: 28-42 microns; 16 specimens measured. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Tertiary. 25 specimens from 15 samples scattered throughout the sections. Previous occurrences include the Cenomanian of New Jersey (Kimyai, 1966), the Paleocene of South Dakota (Stanley, 1965), New Mexico (Anderson, 1960), Texas (Elsik, 1968b), and Alabama (Srivastava, 1972b), and the Tertiary of central EurOpe (Thomson & Pflug, 1953). Egggested affinity: Caprifoliaceae according to Stanley (1965). Discussion: The new combination given above results only from personal preference of the genus Tricoiporopollenites over Rhoipites. Tricolpor0pollenites distinctus Groot & Penny Plate 11, Figures 13-16 1960 Tricolporopollenites distinctus Groot & Penny, p. 234, pl. 2, fig. 10. 102 1961 Tricolpor0pollenites subtilis Groot, Penny & Groot, p. 134, pl. 26, figs. 22-23. 1966 non Tricolporopollenites distinctus Groot & Penny: In Burger, p. 268, pl. 37, fig. 2. Description: Groot, Penny & Groot (1961) separated this taxon into two species based on the nature of the pore. This separation is not apparent in the material examined for this study; the pores Simply range from indistinct up to 2 microns in diameter, and the pore Shape depends on the state of inflation of the grains and focal plane in the exine at which they are viewed. The exine is two-layered with the tectum in some Specimens appearing perforate. .§£££.£22££3 8-16 microns; 65 specimens measured. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. Present in samples from 3 of the localities studied; Highlands (up to 11%), Marl- boro section (5-38%), and the Poricy Brook section (20-64%); Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Absent from the remaining two, more marine localities. Elsewhere this species is known from the Cenomanian to Campanian of the eastern United States (Groot & Penny, 1960 and Groot, Penny & Groot, 1961). Suggested affinity: ?Castanea. Discussion: Several other taxa closely resemble the above taxon; e.g., Castanea insleyana Traverse (1955), Castanea crenatae- formis Samigulena (in Pokrovskaya & Stel'mak, 1960), Pollenites exactus Potonie (1931), Cupuliferoipollenites pusillus Potonie (1951), and Psilatricolporites ptelatus Pierce (1961). These taxa, however, are not placed in synonymy here with T, distinctus Since they are widely separated both Stratigraphically and geographically, and because the small size of the grains limit the precision of the resolution of F his 103 morphologic features. The tricolporate form refered to this species by Burger (1966) from the Early Cretaceous of the Netherlands is larger than the known size range for this species, and is possibly a contami- nant . Tricolporopollenites granulocuneus Phillips & Felix Plate 11, Figure 12 1971b Tricolporopollenites gtanulocuneus Phillips & Felix, p. 468, pl. 16, figs. 1-3. Description: See Phillips & Felix (1971b). §ige_tspge: 31 microns; 1 Specimen measured. Size given in Phillips 1 & Felix is 21-31 microns. Occurrences: Cenomanian to Maastrichtian. 1 specimen only from the Red Bank Fm. at the Atlantic Highlands locality. Pre- viously reported from the Cenomanian of Louisiana (Phillips & Felix, 1971b). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. Tricolpsropollenites inductorius Chmura Plate 11, Figures 24-27 1973 Tricolporopollenites inductorius Chmura, p. 124, pl. 26, figs. 1-4. Description: See Chmura (1973). Size range: 17-22 microns; 6 specimens measured. _Qecurrences: Campanian to Maastrichtian. 12 specimens from 8 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink and Red Bank fms. from the locali- ties at Highlands, Marlboro, and Poricy Brook. Previously known from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of California (Chmura, 1973). 104 Suggested affinity: Chmura (1973) compares T. inductorius to pollen of the extant Species Ximenia americana (Olacaceae). TricoiporOpollenites inusitatus Chmura Plate 11, Figures 17-18 1973 Tricolporopollenites inusitatus Chmura, p. 125, pl. 26, figs. 8-11. Description: Specimens found in this study are confined to the small end of the size range, and are more spheroidal in shape; otherwise as given in Chmura (1973). Size range: 18-22 microns; 4 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Maastrichtian. 4 Specimens from 3 samples, Red Bank fm. from the Highlands locality. Previously known from the Campanian to Maastrichtian of California. Suggested affinity: Chmura (1973) compares this taxon with pollen of modern Species of Gyrostemon and Tersonia (Gyrostemonaceae). Tricolporopollenites labiatus Gray & Groot Plate 11, Figures 19-23 1966 Tricgiporopollenites labiatus Gray & Groot, p. 128, pl. 43, figs. 7-9. .Qescription: See Gray & Groot (1966). Size range: 18-36 microns; 18 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Santonian to Maastrichtian. Present in all but two sam- ples from the Highlands, Marlboro, and Poricy Brook localities, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Previously known from the Santonian to Maastrichtian of Delaware and New Jersey (Gray & Groot, 1966). fiuggested affinity: 7Nyssaceae according to Gray & Groot (1966). 105 Tricolporopollenites lihokus (Srivastava) comb. nov. Plate 11, Figures 34-36 1967 Tricolporopollenites kruschii scutellatus (Potonie) Krutzsch, in Drugg, p. 50, pl. 7, fig. 43. 1968b Tricolporopollenites kruschii (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug, in Elsik (pars), p. 628, pl. 32, figs. 4-5 only. 1972b Margocoiporites lihokus Srivastava, p. 264, pl. 20, figs. 3-5. 1973 Tricoiporopollenites kruschii scutellatus (Potonie) Krutzsch, in Chmura, p. 126, pl. 26, figs. 12-16. Description: The shape varies from spheroidal to prolate; otherwise as given in Srivastava (1972b). Size range: 42-54 microns; 3 specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Paleocene. 6 Specimens from 6 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink and Red Bank fms. Elsewhere this taxon has been reported from the Campanian to Danian of California (Drugg, 1967 and Chmura, 1973) and the Paleocene of Alabama (Srivastava, 1972b) and Texas (Elsik, 1968b). Suggested affinity: Staphyleaceae according to Chmura (1973). Tricolporepollenites parvus (Groot & Groot) comb. nov. Plate 11, Figures 28-33 1962b Ilexpollenites psrvus Groot & Groot, p. 168, pl. 30, figs. 26-30. Description: See Groot & Groot (1962). Size range: 10-21 microns; 12 specimens measured. Occurrences: Maastrichtian to Paleocene. Found in 13 samples up to 2%, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fmS. from the localities at Highlands, Marlboro, and Poricy Brook. Previously re- POrted from the Paleocene of Maryland (Groot & Groot, 1962b). 106 Suggested affinity: Dicotyledonae. Groot & Groot (1962b) suggest Ties for an affinity, however, the pollen of that genus does not have reticulate ornamentation. For the same reason the form genus Ilexpollenites is not suitable for this taxon. Tricolporopollenites venustus Chmura Plate 11, Figures 37-39 1973 Tricolporopollenites venustus Chmura, p. 127, pl. 26, figs. 17-18. Description: See Chmura (1973). §i§g‘£§gge: 13-18 microns; 9 specimens measured. Occurrences: Campanian to Maastrichtian. 12 Specimens from 6 samples, Navesink and Red Bank fms., from the Highlands and Poricy Brook localities. Previously reported from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of California (Chmura, 1973). Suggested affinity: According to Chmura, T, venustus resembles pollen of Athyana weinmannifolia and Sapindus sapinaria both extant Species of the Sapindaceae. Tricolporopollenites viriosus Chmura Plate 12, Figures 1-3 1969 Tricolporate type 6 Doyle, p. 19, fig. 5j and k. 1973 Tricolporopellenites viriosus Chmura, p. 128, pl. 27, fig. 4-8. Description: See Chmura (1973). .§$§g,tggge: 22-28 microns; 5 Specimens measured. _Qecurrences: Santonian to Maastrichtian. 5 Specimens from 4 samples, Mt. Laurel and Navesink fms. Elsewhere this taxon has been reported from the Santonian of New Jersey (Doyle, 1969) and the Campanian to Maastrichtian of California (Chmura, 1973). 107 Suggested affinity: Nyssaceae or Cornaceae according to Doyle (1969, p. 20). Genus Triporspollenites Pflug in Thomson & Pflug, 1953 Type Species: Triporopollenites coryloides Pflug, in Thomson & Pflug, 1953 Triporepollenites cf. T. granifer (Potonie) comb. nov. Plate 12, Figures 8-10 1931 Pollenites gtanifer Potonie, p. 332, tab. 1, fig. 18. Description: Specimens placed in this taxon resemble Potonie's species in all features except for their smaller size. Best descriptions are found in Potonie (1934) and Potonie & Venitz (1934). fiige.tgggez 12-22 microns; lO Specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Found in 13 samples, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Present in all samples from the Highlands locality (0.7—2.4%), 4 samples from the Marlboro locality, and 2 samples from the Poricy Brook locality. Al- though not well known from the literature, T. granifer and numerous Similar taxa are found worldwide in late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedi- ments. Suggested affinity: Potonie (1934) compares T, granifer to extant species of Carpigus, Myrica, and Coriaria. Discussion: The pore anuli are less developed in cf. T, granifer than in cf. T. robustus for specimens from this study. Triporopollenites cf. T, robustus Pflug in Thomson & Pflug Plate 12, Figures 4-7 1953 Triporopollenites robustus Pflug in Thomson & Pflug, p. 82, pl. 8, figs. 109-149. 108 Description: Specimens examined in this Study resemble Pflug's in all features except for their smaller size. Size range: 14-22 microns; 33 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Found in three of the localities studied, Mt. Laurel, Navesink, and Red Bank fms. Samples from the Poricy Brook locality varied from 1.5-6.0%, Highlands locality, 0.8-28.4%, and the Marlboro locality, up to 3.0% (not present in lowest 2 samples). Elsewhere this taxon is known from numerous studies worldwide. Suggested affinity: ?Betula, ?Corylus. Discussion: Elsik (1968, p. 610) placed T, robustus into T. bituitus (Potonie) Elsik along with numerous other simple triporate forms. This synonymy is here considered too broad a category. Division-Incertae sedis Genus SchiZOSporis Cookson & Dettmann, 1959 Type Species: Schizosporis reticulatus Cookson & Dettmann, 1959 SchiZOSporis reticulatus Cookson & Dettmann Plate 12, Figure 11 1959 Schizosporis reticulatus Cookson & Dettmann, p. 213, pl. 1, figs. 1‘-4 0 Description: See Cookson & Dettmann (1959). §l§£.£22£23 90-136 microns; 3 Specimens measured. Occurrences: Cretaceous. 3 specimens from 3 samples, Mt. Laurel and Red Bank fms. Elsewhere this taxon is well known from numerous Cretaceous Studies (see Singh, 1971, p. 151, for distribution). Suggested affinity: Uncertain. According to Cookson & Dettmann (1959), Spores of the genus Schizosporis have an equatorial 109 line or furrow along which a separation into two approximately equal parts may take place. This same phenomenon occurs in certain angio- spermous species, and could suggest a possible affinity. Brenner (1963) pr0poses an algal affinity for _S_. reticulatus (e.g. Chloro- phyceae) . PALEOENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE MONMOUTH GROUP Presentation 9T Paleoenvironmental Data A11 paleoenvironmental aspects determined from this study have been derived from palynomorph counts. All data obtained from palynomorph T’ counts are presented in Table 3 where relative percents of taxa and taxonomic groups are given for samples organized by localities. Also indicated are those taxa previously known only from older or younger strata (i.e., stratigraphic range extensions), and those considered as possibly reworked. Taxa not counted, but known to occur in samples are indicated by black dots. Occurrences and percentages of spores and pollen are given in Tables 3a and 3b reSpectively. Data for the gymnosperms and dinoflagellates are provided in Table 3c along with other summary information, including percentages of land derived taxa and microplankton, land derived/micrOplankton ratios, and the data from separate 100 counts of certain dinoflagellate associations. Those taxa occurring in relative abundances of 5% or greater in more than two samples were arbitrarily selected from Table 3, and are considered to represent the most dominant forms. Percentages for these taxa are graphically displayed in Figure 5. While certain of these categories represent Single Species such as Gleicheniidites senonicus, .Itiporopollenites cf. T. robustus, Canningia sp., and Palaeoperidinium 8p., others consist of multiple species which were combined in order to facilitate identifications or interpretations: Stereisporites spp., 110 111 Rugubivesiculites spp., Pinuspollenites app. and the Deflandrea assoc. represent all species of the respective genera. Tricolporopollenites distinctus may to a minor extent be represented by Tricolporopollenites cingulum since these Species have overlapping features. The Areoligera association comprises Species from the genera Areoligera, Cyclonephelium, and Systematophora, and the Spiniferites association is composed of species of Hystrichosphaeridium, Operculodinioid forms, and_§piniferites (HystrichOSphaera). Illustrated examples of the dinoflagellate genera represented are Shown in Plates 12-14. Figure 6 contains diagrams for the Marlboro, Poricy Brook, High- lands and Pine Brook sections. While relations are not definite, and some duplicate or missing section possibly exists,the three lower out- crops are shown here in a stacked relationship which is only intended as a general fit. Indicated on this figure are plots of percent land derived vs. percent microplankton, land derived/microplankton ratios (after Upshaw, 1964), the dinoflagellate associations related to each other based on the separate 100 counts, and plots derived from values consisting of the percent of the Areoligera association subtracted from the Deflandrea association. The Deflandrea minus Areoligera plots are intended to better show transgressive-regressive trends for comparison with the modified examples from Owens and Sohl (1969). Along with a change in vertical scale, their curve is here shown in reversed order t0 present the trends in their more usual form. Figure 7 presents the same diagrams given in Figure 6, but for the: Atlantic Highlands locality. In addition, the Deflandrea minus Arec>ligera plot is compared to that of the Poricy Brook section. These two plots are placed along Side the transgressive-regressive trends of Owens and Sohl (1969). 002320 8. n03; 2°... 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Y’ u IIIIIJ I L---— I I I I I I L IIIJ lgeJ I 292: 43.x am... 8%. .mcofluoom xoonm beam can .mcccazwaz .xoonm zoflzom .ouonapsz am 89. an.“ 8: am LI £1 8% 42.. :«mwgmz WII IIIIIIIIIII fiIIIIIIIIIIL . . . w . g! :1' III}: L 'Illv' 'IIAI] 'ullllllll'-|ll|ll. $98 80 a 88. no opswwm i ‘10:! g '3 I7 1132?} A - 8 X a- ---- ---- a: FIIII IIIIIIIIII 1"II "|'I'-" .mcozoom xoowm zofipom 9: was mongcmwz 03:35.. one 509 no.“ 303 whomfiaownaa wage monocmaoo 25 mo 903.5950 m and 20303 mucazmw: 0353:, one so.“ mcowaUOmmd opwjowmdocwc use mozzo :Ouxcwaosgz\co>wzo?was >xu~>\14k'\ LI 95m; On... m .l 00.1 Mu OCT. “ , 9.9950251: I} I come I on; I _ 1&aner U :3 . xzam>< ><><><><><><>< Camarozonospsrites anulatus Camarozonosporites canaliculatus Camarozonosporites Camarozonosporites Camarozonosporites Camarozonosporites caperatus cerniidites heskemensis vermiculaesporites Foveasporis triangulus Foveosporites labiosus Foveosporites subtriangglaris iycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites Sestrosporites pseudoalveolatus Densoisporites microrugulatus Lusatisporis circumundulatus Osmundacidites comaumensis Goczanisporis baculatus Todisporites major Todisporites minor Cicatricosisporites dorogensis Cicatricosisporites hallei Radialisporis radiatus Concavisporites arugulatus Gleicheniidites senonicus DictyOphylliditeS equiexinus Dictyophyllidites harissii Matonisporites crassiangulatus Matonisporites excavatus anthidites minor Kuylisporites aduncus Laevigetosporites haardti Verrucatosporites saalensis ><><><><><><><><><><>¢><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>< ><><>< ><><>< ><><>< ><><><>< >< ><><>< >< 136 Table 4. (Continued) TAXON Paleocene Campanian Santonian Cenomanian Early Cretaceous Asbeckiasporites Sp. Converrucosisporites,proxigranulatus Distaltriangulisporites perplexus Leptolepidites tenuis Leptolepidites verrucatus Toripunctisporis gianuloides Trizonites subrugulatus Trilete sp. 1 Trilete sp. 2 Trilete Sp. 3 Classopollis classoides Parvisaccites radiatus Phyllocladidites inchoatus Podocarpidites potomacensis Epgubivesiculites convolutus Rugubivesiculites reductus Rugubivesiculites rugosus Araucariacites australis Pinuspollenites spp. Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus Perinopollenites halonatus Eucommiidites troedssonii §parganiacesepollenites sp. Clavatipollenites hughesii Monocolpopollenites asymmetricus Momipites inaequalis Momipites microcoryphaeus Momipites tenuipolus Proteacidites marginus Proteacidites retusus Proteacidites thalmannii Proteacidites sp. Cupanieidites sp. Insulapollenites rugslatus Nyssapollenites puercoensis Gunnerites reticulatus Extratriporopollenites minimus >< x x x x >< x x x x Maastrichtian ><><><><><><><><><><><>< ><><><><><>< ><><><><><>< xxxxxxx X XX Table 4. TAXON (Continued) 137 Cenomanian Early Cretaceous Extratriporopollenites ExtratriporOpollenites Extratriporppollenites Extratriporopollenites nonperfectus silicatus thornei Sp. Holkgpollenites chemardensis E_titricoipites georgensis Tricolpites anguloluminosus Tricolpites parvus Tricolpopollenites micromunus TricolpOpolleniteS micrepunctatus Tricolpopollenites simplicissimus Tricolporspollenites Tricolporopollenites Tricolperppollenites Tricolporopollenites Tricolporopollenites Tricoiporopollenites Tricolporppollenites Tricolporopollenites Tricolpotppollenites Tricolporopollenites Tricoiporopollenites Triporopollenites cf. Triporspollenites cf. cingulum cryptoporus distinctus granulocuneus inductorius inusitatus labiatus lihokus parvus venus tus viriosus T, granifer T. robustus Schizosporis reticulatus >< >< Paleocene xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Maastrichtian >< >< >< Campanian >< x X X Santonian xxx xxx 138 Comparison 2T the Monmouth Ep. microfossils with those .2: Eurqpe and western North America In order to compare the flora of this study with those previously described from eastern and western North America and EurOpe, several tables based on literature dealing with fossils ranging from Cretaceous to Early Tertiary in age, have been prepared. Table 5 is a list of the taxa with known occurrences from both eastern and western North America and Europe. Most of the taxa in this list are well known from various other parts of the world. Table 6 lists those species found with occurrences in eastern North America and EurOpe, but not western North America. Table 7 contains those forms known from eastern and western North America, but not Europe. Certain of these taxa have been described from east Asian floras as well which are known to share certain simi- larities to western North American floras. Table 8 includes those taxa restricted to eastern North America. Note that the Mississippi Embayment flora Shown by Tschudy (1970) and the Cenomanian flora from Minnesota described by Pierce (1961) belong to eastern North America and are distinct from the western floras. The disposition of those described from the Albian (Hedlund and Norris, 1968) and Cenomanian (Hedlund, 1966) of Oklahoma is unclear, i.e., as to whether they should be placed with eastern or western North America or elsewhere. The purpose of this part of the analysis is only to compare the floras of the eastern United States to those with which they are most closely related. Thus comparisons with Arctic, Asian and southern hemisphere floras is beyond the sc0pe of this study. 139 Table 5. Monmouth Gp. taxa found also to occur in EurOpe and western North America during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time. ForaminiSporis dailyi Stereisporites australis Stereisporites regium Stereisporites stereoides Camarozonosporites canaliculatus Camarozonosporites csperatus Foveosporites subtriangularis Lycopodiumsporites austroclavatidites Cyathidites minor Laevigatosporites haardti VerrucatOSporites saalensis Converrucosi8porites ptoxigranulatus Leptolepidites verrucatus Classopollis classoides Parvisaccites radiatus Podocarpidites pptomacansis Araucariacites australis Sestrosporites pseudoalveolatus Densoisporites microrugulatus Osmundacidites comaumensis Todisporites major TodiSporites minor Cicatricosisporites dorogensis Cicatricosispsrites hallei Radialisporis radiatus ConcaviSporites arugulatus Gleicheniidites senonicus Dictyophyllidites,eguiexinus Dictyophyllidites harissii Matonisporites crassiangulatus MatoniSporites excavatus Pinuspollenites spp. Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus Perin0pollenites halonatus Eucommiidites troedssonii Clavatipollenites hughesii Extratriporopollenites nonperfectus Extratriporopollenites silicatus Extratripor0pollenites thornei Tricoiporopollenites etyptOporus TriporOpollenites cf. T. granifer Triporspollenites cf. T. robustus Schizosporis reticulatus Table 6. Monmouth Gp. taxa with previous occurrences only in eastern North America and EurOpe during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time. Stereisporites cristalloides Camarozonosporites cerniidites Camarozonosporites heskemensis Goczanisppris baculatus Toripunctisporis gtanuloides Momipites microcoryphaeus Extratriporopollenites minimus Tricolporopollenites cingulum 140 Table 7. Monmouth Gp. taxa with previous occurrences only in eastern and western North America during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time. StereiSporiteS dakotaensis Proteacidites marginus Proteacidites retusus Camarozonosporites Proteacidites thalmannii vermiculae5porites ?Proteacidites sp. FoveaSporis triangulus Cupanieidites Sp. Foveosporites labiosus Insulapollenites rugslatus LusatiSporis circumundulatus Nyssappllenites puercoensis KuyliSporites aduncus Gunnerites reticulatus Distaltriangulisporites Retitricolpites geotgensis perplexus Tricoipites anguloluminosus Leptolepidites tenuis Tricolpites parvus Trizonites subrugulatus Tricolpopollenites micromunus Tricolpppollenites simplicissimus Phyllocladidites inchoatus Tricoiporopollenites inductorius Rugubivesiculites reductus Tricolporopollenites inusitatus Rugubivesiculites rugosus Tricolpor0pollenites lihokus Tricolporspollenites venustus Momipites inaeqeslis Tricolporqpollenites viriosus Momipites tenuipolus Table 8. Monmouth Gp. taxa known only from eastern North America during Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time. Stere13porites congruens Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. Monocolpopollenites asymmetricus Camarozonosporites anulatus Extratriporopollenites Sp. Asbeckiasporites sp. Holkopollenites chemardensis Trilete Sp. 1 TricolpOpollenites micr0punctatus Trilete Sp. 2 Tricolporgpollenites distinctus Trilete sp. 3 Tricolporopollenites gtanulocuneus Tricolporopollenites labiatus Rugubivesiculites convolutus TricoTporspollenites parvus 141 Microfloristic Analysis and Conclusions The spores and pollen of this Study are interpreted to represent 99 Species from 55 genera, and are described from samples collected at 5 localities of the Monmouth Gp. in Monmouth CO., New Jersey. Further subdivisions of these taxa indicate 2 genera and 7 species of bryo- phytes, 26 genera and 40 Species of pteridOphytes, 10 genera and 12 species of gymnosperms, l6 genera and 39 Species of angiosperms, and l unassignable genus and species. Only 5 of these species are considered as new, and they consist of 4 pteridophytes and 1 angiosperm: Asbeckiasporites Sp. Trilete sp. 1 Trilete sp. 2 Trilete sp. 3 Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. A more complete classification for the taxa of this study is provided in Table 2. Some additional data were assembled from the "Systematics" section and presented in a stratigraphic and geographic framework. Stratigraphi- cally the taxa are compared with those given in several publications on spores and pollen from the Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary of the East and Gulf Coast of the United States (Table 4). Geographic comparisons are made to indicate the relationship of the Monmouth Gp. flora to other floras of Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary age in EurOpe and western North AUnerica (Tables 5-8). (hxpparison‘gfi the Monmouth Ep. Microflora ts Others from the Atlantic .and Gulf Coastal Plains The data used in this comparison (Table 4) is derived from 17 142 studies of Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary sediments ranging from Nova Scotia to Louisiana. Mention of these papers is provided on page 134 of this work. Table 4 is not a range chart, but rather an up-to-date list of occurrences for certain taxa as they are interpreted in this Study. Range charts are of little value until more thorough Studies have been made. Most of those presently existing are preliminary sur- veys that describe only fractions of the floras they represent. To briefly summarize Table 4, the following relations are made for the 99 taxa listed: 13 have previous occurrences both in older Cretaceous and the Lower Tertiary; 37 are known only from older sedi- ments (note that several of these are possibly reworked as is indicated in Table 3); 10 are previously recorded only from younger strata; and 39 are unique to the Monmouth Gp. Only 6 of these unique taxa are new Species. The remaining 33 taxa known from studies elsewhere are found only in the Monmouth Gp. in the eastern United States. Additional studies most certainly will reduce this number. Comparison 2T the Monmouth Microfossilflora with those from Europe and western North America Table 5 indicates those taxa recorded in this study that are also known from the Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary rocks of EurOpe and western North America. Many of these forms are known throughout the world from sediments of equivalent age. In general, these taxa are considered here as cosmopolitan in distribution, and of little value toward establishing a geographic framework. The taxa shown (Table 5) include species of 4 bryophytes, 23 pteridophytes, 8 gymnOSperms, 7 angiosperms, and 1 unassigned Species. As compared with the total number of taxa from this Study, those given 143 here represent a majority of the bryOphytes, pteridophytes, and gymno- Sperms, but only a few of the angiosperms. These numbers may be due in part to the nature of available literature and communication among palynologists, but they may also be some indication of the state of terrestrial plant evolution. It is well known that the bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnOSperms had been established for a considerable period of geological time. The angiosperms, however, do not have an indiSputable fossil record prior to Early Cretaceous. They become quite diverse and prolific in the Late Cretaceous, but because of the separating continents, and Short time of establishment they were not as well represented by Species with worldwide distribution. Table 6 Shows the taxa from this study that have known occur- rences only in eastern North America and EurOpe. These taxa are not known from western North America. The number of Specimens listed are few, and consist only of l bryOphyte, 4 pteridophytes and 3 angio- sperms. Four of the taxa from this list, (Stereisporites cristalloides, Goczanisporis baculatus, Toripunctisporis granuloides, and Extratri- porOpollenites minimus) possess unique features by which they are easily distinguished. The remaining taxa are not as clearly defined, and may, in part, be synonymous with forms from western North America. For example, Hamulatisporis hamulatus as it is shown from South Dakota in Stanley (1965) is similar to and possibly synonymous with Camaro- zonosporites cerniidites or E, heskemensis. Momipites microcoryphaeus and Tricoipor0pollenites cingulum as well have not been clearly dis- tinguished from certain taxa recorded in western North American deposits. In addition to the Similar forms, there are those that distinguish European from eastern North American floras. For example, the Late 144 Cretaceous and Early Tertiary rocks of EurOpe are represented by a much higher diversity of the Normapolles group than is known anywhere in North America (Tschudy, 1970). The Normapolles type of pollen are a group of angiOSperm genera established by Pflug (1953) that possess unusual structural elements. They had their origin in the Late Creta- ceous and became extinct in mid-Tertiary time. From present informa- tion, this group is very significant in Europe, and much less important in western North America. In this Study, this group is represented by 5 species. Table 7 shows the taxa found in this study that have known occur— rences in North America, but not in Europe. These taxa include 1 bryophyte, 8 pteridophytes, 3 gymnosperms and 20 angiosperms. As stated previously, several of the species represented here are lacking in good diagnostic features, and must be regarded as having ranges of questionable distribution of uncertain extent. Those considered as most important are species of Cupanieidites, Proteacidites, and Eggp- bivesiculites. Cupanieidites, and Proteacidites are apparently re- stricted to North America, Siberia and Australia in the Late Cretaceous. However, forms resembling these genera are known from the Tertiary of EurOpe (see Cupsnieidites eucalyptoides Krutzsch, 1962b, and Symplocoi- pollenites vestibulum Potonie, 1951). Rugubivesiculites is especially abundant in the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America, but in Europe is only known from the Early Cretaceous (see Burger, 1966 and Hern- green, 1971). Other taxa from Table 7 considered as distinctive are the following: Kuylisperites aduncus, Trizonites subrugulatus, Momi- ,pites tenuipolus, and Insulspollenites rugulatus. These forms, however, are known as rare occurrences from only a few studies. 145 Some other taxa known primarily from western North America and Siberia that are distinctive to these floral provinces are: Aguila- pollenites, Erdtmanipollis, Mancicotpus, Pepphixipollenites, and Wodehouseia. One peculiar taxon in this group is Aquilappllenites which is commonly known from the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of western North America and Siberia, but it has been reported else- where in a few scattered occurrences. Simpson (1961) and Martin (1968) reported some specimens of squilspollenites from the Tertiary of Scot- land, and Evitt (1973) found 3 Specimens in the Maastrichtian of Maryland and New Jersey. Table 8 includes the species found in this study for which only eastern North American occurrences could be found. The list given comprises 1 bryophyte, 5 pteridophytes, l gymnSperm, and 9 angiosperms. Those taxa considered significant include the following: Stereisperites congruens, Camarozonosporites anulatus, Asbeckfisperites sp., Trilete sp. 1, Trilete sp. 3, and Holkopollenites chemardensis. The forms listed here are distinct and can be easily identified. The remaining taxa were found rarely and/or are difficult to distinguish from Similar taxa known elsewhere. Of those taxa listed above, Asbeckiasporites sp., Trilete sp. 1, and Trilete sp. 3 are new species. StereISporites congruens, and Camarozonosporites anulatus are known previously only from the Ceno- manian of Minnesota (Pierce, 1961), and HolkOpollenites chemardensis is known only from the Gulf Coast Paleocene and New Jersey Maastrichtian. Only one species of Regubivesiculites is given in Table 8 that is restricted to eastern North America. However, I believe this group is more prolific in the Cretaceous of eastern North America than 146 elsewhere as is shown in part by the diversity of forms presented in Pierce (1961), Leopold and Pakiser (1964), Brenner (1963), Gray and Groot (1966), and the present study. Rugubivesiculites is also an abundant floral element in the Monmouth Group (Figure 5) and in other samples that I have examined from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, Mary- land, and in sediments from offshore Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. While this taxon is known from western North America, Asia, and EurOpe, it is never as abundant in those floras. It is peculiar that there are no known occurrences for Rugub - vesiculites in the Tertiary of North America since it was represented by relative abundances in excess of 7% in the Tinton Sand of this Study. This unit, one of several, represents the youngest Cretaceous occurring in North America (Late Maastrichtian), and while unconformi- ties are usually apparent, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundaries do occur where the breaks in time are minimal. In most other cases of which I am aware, an extinction usually occurs long after the period in which a taxon reaches its peak in both diversity and abundance. The well established nature at the top of the Cretaceous, and total absence in the earliest Tertiary suggests some sort of catastrophic event which resulted in the extinction of the plant which produced Rugubivesiculites. To summarize the data presented in Tables 5-8 for the purpose of floral comparisons, only 8 Species from the Monmouth Group were found to have distributions restricted to eastern North America and Europe, whereas 43 have distributions restricted to eastern and western North America. From this it is concluded that the microflora of the Monmouth Group is more Similar to other floras from both eastern and western North America, than to EurOpe. These findings differ from those of 147 Tschudy (1970), who based on the presence of the Normapolles Group compared his microflora from eastern North America more closely with EurOpe. REFERENCES REFERENCES Agasie, J. M., 1969, Late Cretaceous palynomorphs from northeastern Arizona: Micropaleontology, v. 15, no. 1, pp. 13-30, pl. 1-4. Anderson, R. Y., 1960, Cretaceous-Tertiary palynology, eastern side of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Mem. 6, pp. 1-59. Balme, B. 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APPENDICES Appendix I The localities studied were collected during two field trips to the area. The first was in October of 1969, when I had the opporutnity to join Drs. W. W. Brideaux and G. L. Williams (then from Amoco Pro- duction Company). During this trip, collections were made from the Highlands, Atlantic Highlands, and the Pine Brook sections which in- cluded samples from the Navesink Formation, Sandy Hook Member of the Red Bank Sand, and the Tinton Sand. The second trip was made alone in October, 1971. At that time the Marlboro and Poricy Brook localities were collected and included additional samples from the Navesink and Sandy Hook Member of the Red Bank Sand, and also the Mt. Laurel Sand. Collections from the Shrewsbury Member of the Red Bank Formation were made during the first trip at Highlands, New Jersey and from some large pits between Atlantic Highlands, N. J., and Highlands. Samples from both localities were barren. Marlboro Locality 1.2 miles east of Marlboro, New Jersey on south bank of Big Brook just west of secondary road, Lat. 40°19'18”N., Long. 74°13'28"W. This locality, with the exception of being collected to the west rather than east of the secondary road, is the same as Locality 651 (p. 43) of Spangler and Peterson (1950), Stop 6 (p. 20) of Dorf and Fox (1957), NJK 106 (p. 660) of Olsson (1963 and 1964), and the 166 167 Marlboro section described by Krinsley and Schneck (1964). There is a difference of opinion among these workers as to how much of the Mt. Laurel Formation is exposed. For this study, the interpretation by Olsson is accepted. All other interpretations are really one, that of Spangler and Peterson (1950), who, according to Johnson and Richards (1952, p. 2157), misinterpreted the lower part of the Mt. Laurel For- mation as the Wenonah. The section collected here is about 150 yards upstream from that of Olsson's, and was interpreted to contain about 8% feet of the Mt. Laurel Fm. overlain by 25 feet of Navesink. Lithologies of the two sections are the same. Spot samples (i.e. from an area of outcrop ranging from 3-5" in diameter) were collected as follows. Pb-9452-l6' above base Pb-9451-l4 " " r- Navesink Fm. Pb-9450-10 ” " J L Pb-9449-8% " ” Pb-9448-6 " " Pb-9447-5 " ” h— Mt. Laurel Fm. Pb-9446-3 " " Pb-9445-1% " " Pb-9444-Base of section, at stream level. Poricy Brook Locality & mile south of Oak Hill and about 11 miles south of lMiddletown, 500 feet east of road in south bluff of Poricy Brook, Lat. 40°21'55"N., Long. 74°7'o"w. 168 The above is Locality 654 (p. 42) of Spangler and Peterson (1950), Stop 6 (p. 47) of Owens, Minard and Sohl (1968), St0p 6 (p. 274) of Owens and Sohl (1969), and the Poricy Brook section of Krinsley and Schneck (1964). The section exposed consists of about 25 feet of Nave- sink overlain by 25 feet of the lower Red Bank (Sandy Hook Member) as interpreted by Owens, Minard and Sohl (1968). The section suitable for collection was limited to the portion 10' to 32' above the base due to some slumping at the base, and weathering toward the top. Seven Spot samples were collected as follows: Pb-9453-32 feet above base Pb-9454-3O " " " Ir—- Red Bank Formation Pb-9455-27 " " " Pb-9456-25 " " " J l Pb-9457-24 " " " Pb-9458-16 " " " -- Navesink Formation Pb-9459-10 " " " Base=stream level Atlantic Highlands Locality East of Atlantic Highlands Yacht Harbor in bluffs along Raritan Bay, Lat. 40°24'45"N., Long. 74°1'35"W. The bluffs along Raritan Bay extend for several miles so that exact correlation with localities reported in other studies is diffi- cult. However, the section collected here is approximately the same .as Locality 652 (p. 41) of Spangler and Peterson (1950) and NJK-107 (p. 660) of Olsson (1963). The section as recognized by Olsson contains about 25 feet of the Navesink Formation, overlain by 20 feet of the 169 Sandy Hook and 40 feet of the Shrewsbury Member of the Red Bank For- mation. About 70 feet of this section was exposed for study at the time collections at this site were made. However, only the interval from 7' to 46' above the base was suitable for collecting. Lithologic inter- pretations follow Olsson (1963). Spot samples were collected as follows: __1. Pb-9376-46 feet from base of bluff Pb-9377-44 " " " H n F-Red Bank Formation Pb-9378-43 " " " " H (Sandy Hook Member) Pb-9379-38 " " H n " Pb-9380-33 " " " " H__J J Pb_9381_28 H H H H H Pb-9382-22 u n n n n —-Navesink Formation Pb-9383-14 n n n n n Pb-9384-7 n n n n n Highlands Locality One mile west of Highlands Railroad Station at base of Atlantic Highlands Bluff; cut on south side of road para- llel with Bay Avenue, Lat. 40°24'23"N., Long. 73°59'56"W. The above locality is the same as NJK-103 (p. 660) of Olsson (1963, and also 1960 and 1964), and Stop No. 4 (p. 17) of Dorf and Fin: (1957). The section as described by Olsson consists of 35 feet (If the lower Sandy Hook and 80 feet of the upper Shrewsbury Member of the Red Bank Formation. 170 On the original trip to this locality, only fresh exposures of the upper member could be collected. These were later found to be barren. The lower part was found only in slumped condition and covered with undergrowth. However, samples from the lower member were supplied to me by Dr. W. R. Evitt, Stanford University, who had made collections from this locality during the G. S. A. Field Trip led by Dorf and Fox (1957). Seven Spot samples were collected at successively higher inter- vals from base to top (35 ft.). Respective sample numbers assigned are Pb-9460-9466. Exact footage intervals are not known but assumed to be spaced about 5 feet apart. Pine Brook Locality At Tinton Falls, at falls of Pine Brook north of bridge at the old mill (art museum). Lat. 40°18'21"N., Long. 74°5'56"W. The above locality is the type section for the Tinton Formation. It is described in Spangler and Peterson (1950) as Locality 672 (p. 51), and as NJK-168 (p. 661) by Olsson (1963). As interpreted by Olsson, this unit is about 22 feet thick. Spot samples were collected over about 15 feet of section in this s tudy as follows: Pb-9394-12 feet above base of falls __- Pb-9393-8 " " " " " in water -- Tinton Pb-9392-5 " " " " " in water Formation Pb-9391-5 n n n n n Pb’9390-2 H II II II II Appendix II Alphabetical listing by genus of the Monmouth Group taxa Page Araucariacites Cookson ex Couper E, australis Cookson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Asbeckiasporites von der Brelie E, Sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Camarozonosporites Pant ex Potonie ‘E. anulatus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 E, canaliculatus (Singh) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 E, caperatus (Singh) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 E, cerniidites (Ross) Krutzsch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 .9: heskemensis (Pflanzl) Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 E. vermiculaesporites (Rouse) Krutzsch . . . . . . . . . . . . 4O Cicatricosi3porites Potonie & Gelletich E, dorogensis Potonie & Gelletich. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 E. hallei Delcourt & Sprumont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Classopollis Pflug emend. Pocock & Jansonius E, classoides Pflug emend. Pocock & Jansonius. . . . . . . . . 69 Clavatippllenites Couper C. hughesii Couper emend. Kemp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Concavisporites Pflug emend. Delcourt & Sprumont E, arugelatus Pflug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Converrucosisporites Potonie & Kremp E. ptoxigranulatus Brenner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Eppanieidites Cookson & Pike emend. Chmura E, sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Eyathidites Couper E. minor Couper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Densoisporites Weyland & Krieger emend. Dettmann D. microrugulatus Brenner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 DictyOphyllidites Couper emend. Dettmann D. equiexinous (Couper) Dettmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 E. harissii Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Distaltriangulisporites Singh E_ perplexus (Singh) Singh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Eucommiidites Erdtman emend. Hughes ,E. troedssonii Erdtman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Extratriporopollenites Pflug emend. Skarby minimus (Krutzsch) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9O nonperfectus Pflug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 silicatus (Pflug) Skarby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 . thornei (Drugg) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 tauaknknna 171 172 Page Foraminisporis Krutzsch ,E. dailyi (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettman . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Foveasporis Krutzsch .E. triangulus Stanley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Foveosporites Balme ‘E. labiosus Singh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 ,E. subtriangularis (Brenner) Kemp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Gleicheniidites Ross emend. Skarby E, senonicus Ross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Goczan13poris Krutzsch E, baculatus Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Gunnerites (Cookson) Cookson & Pike E, reticulatus (Cookson) Cookson & Pike. . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Holkopollenites Fairchild E. chemardensis Fairchild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Insulspollenites Leffingwell T, rugulatus Leffingwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 KuyliSporites Potonie 'E. aduncus (Chlonova) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Laevigatosporites Ibrahim .E. haardti (Potonie & Venitz) Thomson & Pflug. . . . . . . . . 60 Leptolepidites Couper emend. Norris ‘E. tenuis Stanley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 ‘E. verrucatus Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 . LusatISporis Krutzsch L. circumundulatus (Brenner) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . 46 Lycopodiumsporites Thiergart ex Delcourt & Sprumont ‘E. austroclavatidites (Cookson) Potonie. . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Matonisporites Couper emend. Dettmann M. crassiangulatus (Balme) Dettmann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 M. excavatus Brenner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Momipites Wodehouse emend. Nichols E. inaequalis Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 E. microcotyphaeus (Potonie) Nichols . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 E, tenuipolus Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 MonocolpOpollenites Pflug & Thomson emend. Nichols, Ames and Traverse E, asymmetricus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Nyssspollenites Thiergart “E. puercoensis (Anderson) Drugg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Osmundacidites Couper .9- comaumensis (Cookson) Balme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Parvisaccites Couper 'T. radiatus Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Perin0pollenites Couper P. halonatus Phillips & Felix. . . . . .,. . . . . . . . . . . 77 _tyllocladidites Cookson ex Couper .E. inchoatus (Pierce) Norris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Pinuspollenites Raatz T, spp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Podocarpidites Cookson ex Couper .E. potomacensis Brenner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 173 Proteacidites Cookson ex Couper '2. marginus Rouse. . . . . . . . . . ‘2. retusus Anderson. . . . . . . . . . . P. thalmanni Anderson. . . . . . . . . P. sp. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . Radialisporis Krutzsch .B- radiatus (Krutzsch) Krutzsch. . . . Retitricolpites van der Hammen ex Pierce ‘3. georgensis Brenner. . . . . . . . . Rugubivesiculites Pierce ‘5. convolutus Pierce . . . . . . . . . ‘E. reductus Pierce . . . . . . . . . . . . R. rugosus _Pierce. . . . . . . . . . . . Schizosporis Cookson & Dettman E, reticulatus Cookson & Dettmann. . . . . Sestrosporites Dettmann .§- pseudoalveolatus (Couper) Dettmann. . IEBarganiaceaepollenites Thiergart g. 8p. O O O O O O I O O O O 0 O O O O O O Stereisporites Pflug australis (Cookson) Krutzsch. . . . . . . congruens (Pierce) Krutzsch . . . . . . cristalloides Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . dakotaensis (Stanley) comb. nov. . . . regium (Drozhastich) Drugg. . . . . . stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Pflug . . Taxodiaceaepollenites Kremp I, hiatus (Potonie) Kremp. . . . . . . Tod13porites Couper E, major Couper. . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘1. minor Couper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toripunctisporis Krutzsch '1. granuloides Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . Tricolpites Cookson ex Couper emend. Potonie T. anguloluminosus Anderson. . . . . . . . parvus Stanley. . . . . . . . . TricolQOpollenites Pflug & Thomson ‘2. micromunus Groot & Penny. . . . . . . '1. micropunctatus Groot, Penny & Groot . . E, simplicissimus Groot, Penny & Groot . . Tricolporopollenites Pflug cingulum (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug. . . cryptoporus (Srivastava) comb. nov. . . distinctus Groot & Penny. . . . . . . . granulocuneus Phillips & Felix. . . . . inductorius Chmura. . . . . . . . . inusitatus Chmura . . . . . . . labiatus Gray & Groot . . . . . . . . lihokus (Srivastava) comb. nov. . . . . parvus (Groot & Groot) comb. nov. . . venustus Chmura . . . . . . . . . . . . viriosus thura . . . . . . . . . . . . lcnknunununkn hibihdhihihihfihihfihihi Page 84 84 85 86 52 95 72 73 74 108 44 79 3O 31 32 32 33 34 76 49 SO 65 96 96 98 98 99 99 100 101 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 174 Trilete T. sp. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. sp. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. sp. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triporopollenites Pflug 2, cf. 1. granifer (Potonie) comb. nov. ‘1. Cf-.i- robustus Pflug . . . . . . Trizonites Madler .I- subrugulatus new name . . . . . . . Verrucatosporites Thomson & Pflug V. saalensis Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . Page 67 67 68 107 107 66 61 PLAT ES Figure 2-4. 5-6. 7-9. 10-12. 13-140 15-16. 17-18. 19-20 a 175 PUflEl A11 Figures X1000 Foraminisporis dailyi (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettman, . _1963, Pb-9462-l, 119.1 x 15.6, 38u. Stereisporites australis (Cookson) Krutzsch, 1959b, . . 2. Pb-9444-3, 110.6 x 3.5, 34u, distal arcuate thickening reduced; 3-4. Pb-9446-8, 103.7x 10.9, 30u, proximal and distal views, distal arcuate thickening well developed. Stereisporites congruens (Pierce) Krutzsch, 1963b,. . . 5. Pb-9446-7, 106.6 x 16.1, 40u, thick zona; 6. Pb-9445-8, 90.2 x 22.6, 44u, thin zona. Stereisporites cristalloides Krutzsch . . . . . . . . . 7. Pb-9458-3, 107.5 x 19.8, 32u, round shape; 8-9. Pb-9448-5, 102.7 x 22.3, 30u, subtriangular shape, proximal and distal views. Stereisporites dakotaensis (Stanley) comb. nov. . . . . 10. Pb-9446.8, 92.3 x 17.1, 26u, reduced zona; 11-12. Pb-9452—8, 96.4 x 17.7, 36u, proximal and distal views. Stereisporites stereoides (Potonie & Venitz) Pflug, . . 1953, 13. Pb-9451-7, 90.0 x 21.0, 30u, 14. Pb-9452-3, 74.1 x 11.4 18u. ' StereiSporites regium (Drozhastchich) Drugg . . . . . . Pb-9451-9, 83.1 x 16.2, 20u, proximal and distal views. Camarozonosporites anulatus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . . . Pb-9382-2, 92.3 x 4.8, 60u, proximal and distal views. Camarozongsporites cerniidites (Ross) Krutzsch, 1959b, Pb-9446-4, 102.1.x 23.3, 26u, proximal and distal views, note that proximal surface is lightly sculptured, and that interradial crassitudes are missing. Page 29 30 31 32 32 34 33 36 39 l PLATE Figure 2-4. 5-8. 9-10. 11-14. 177 PLATE 2 All Figures X1000 Camarozonosporites anulatus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . . . Pb-9450-1, 105.7 x 21.7, SOu. Camarozonosporites canaliculatus (Singh) comb. nov. . . . 2. Pb-9450-8, 105.7 x 16.0, 58u, note contact area. 3-4. Pb-9463-l, 105.3 x 12.0, 62u, proximal and distal views. Camarozonosporites caperatus (Singh) comb. nov. . . . . . 5-6. Pb-9452-8, 102.4 x 16.1, 38u, proximal and distal views, exine thickened interradially; 7-8. Pb-9463-3, 118.0 x 5.8, 52u, proximal and distal views, exine uniform in thickness. Camarozonosporites cerniidites (Ross) Krutzsch, 1959b, Pb-9384-4, 107.8 x 2.7, 24u, proximal and distal views, interradial crassitudes present. Camarozonosporites heskemensis (Pflanzl)Krutzsch, . . . . 1959b, 11-12. Pb-9444-8, 106.8 x 7.2, 26u, proximal and distal views. 13-14. Pb-9447-5, 93.2 x 7.5, 26u, proximal and distal views. Note variation of inter- radial crassitudes for these two specimens. Page 36 37 38 39 2 PLATE 8'90 10-11. 12. 13-16. 179 PLATE 3 A11 Figures X1000 Camarozon03porites vermiculaesporites (Rouse) Krutzsch, 1963a, Pb-9457-1, 111.8 x 14.3, 43u, proximal and distal views. Sesubsporites_pseudoa1veolatus (Couper) Dettmann, 1963. Pb-9457-1, 105-0 x 16.4, 40u, proximal and distal views. Foveasporis triangulus (Stanley) 1965 . . . . . . . Pb- 9455- 3, 104. 0 x 12.1, 40u, proximal and distal views. Foveosporites subtriangularis (Brenner) Kemp, 1970. . . Pb-9459-3, 118.8 x 12.9, 42u. Foveosporites labiosus Singh, 1971. . . . . . . . . . . Pb-9446-7, 93.4 x 16.8, 36u, proximal and distal views. Lyc0podium3porites austroclavatidites (Cookson) Potonie . 1956, Pb-9445-7, 108.3 x 13.8, 36u, proximal and distal views. Densoisporites microrugulatus Brenner, 1963 . . . . . Pb-9453-3, 113.2 x 15.0, 53u. Lusatisporis circumundulatus (Brenner) comb. nov. . . . 13-14. Pb-9459-1, 108.7 x 2.6, 30u, proximal and midfocus views, note radially arranged folds on proximal face. 15-16. Pb-9447-6, 103.4 x 17.8, 38u, proximal and distal views, note the raised and sinuous laesurae. Page 40 41 42 42 43 45 46 RA .._,_ .__h_._ W44— 1 _*WW1HV-A- _ PLATE 3 181 PLATE 4 Figure A11 Figures X1000 Page 1-2. Osmundacidites comaumensis (Cookson) Balme, 1957. . . . . 48 1. Pb-9444-3, 105.1 x 11.2, 46u, note sculpture elements on equator; 2. Pb-9451-7, 101.4 x 7.6, 36u, proximal view. 3-6. Goczanisporis baculatus Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . 49 3- 4. Pb- 9447- 5, 94. 0 x 4. 8, 26u, proximal and distal views; 4-5. Pb-9452-4, 117.8 x 16. 2, 32u, proximal and distal views. 7. Todisporites major Couper, 1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Pb-9465-l, 115.8 x 10.3, 62u. 8. Tod15porites minor Couper, 1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Pb-9457-1, 119.4 x 13.7, 40u. 9-11. Concavisporites argulatus Pflug, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . 53 9. Pb-9466-3, 88.0 x 10.8, l9u; 10-11. Pb-9461-1, 76.9 x 22.2, 23u, proximal and distal views. 12-13. Radialisporis radiatus (Krutzsch) Krutzsch, 1967. . . . . 52 Pb-9451-7, 96.2 x 22.2, 40u, proximal and distal views. 14-15. Gleicheniidites senonicus Ross, 1949. . . . . . . . . . . S4 14. Pb-9462-1, 104.3 x 8.4, 34u; 15. Pb-9465-1, 75.9 x 9.2, 24u. 16-17. Cicatricosisporites hallei Delcourt and Sprumont, 1955. . 51 Pb-9452-3, 106.2 x 6.1, 42u, proximal and distal views. 18. Cicatric0818porites dorogensis Potonie & Gelletich, . . . 51 1933, Pb-9451-4, 109.3 x 7.5, 52u. PLATE 4 Figure 3-4. 10-11. 12-14. 15-160 17. 183 PLATE 5 A11 Figures X1000 Gleicheniidites senonicus Ross, 1949. . . . . . . . . . Pb-9448-5, 98.4 x 6.8, 30u. Kgylisporites aduncus (Chlonova) comb. nov. . . . . . . Pb-9445-8, 87.9 x 17.5, 28u. Leptolepidites verrucatus Couper, 1953. . . . . . . . . Pb-9453-4, 115.6 x 5.5, 30u. Dictyophyllidites eguiexinous (Couper) Dettmann, 1963, Pb-9460-1, 109.7 x 12.2, 38u. Dictyophyllidites harissii Couper, 1958 . . . . . . . . Pb-9453-4, 116.4 x 17.3, 34u. Leptolepidites tenuis Stanley, 1965 . . . . . . . . . . Pb-9463-5, 90.0 x 20.1, 36u. Converrucosigporites proxigranulatus Brenner, 1963. . . Pb-9444-7, 100.5 x 5.9, 40u. Eyathidites minor Couper, 1953. . . . . . . . . . . . Pb-9446-4, 112.1 x 17.1, 46u. Distaltriangulisporites perplexus (Singh) Singh, 1971 . Pb-9461-3, 116.8 x 9.1, 44u, proximal and distal views. Asbeckiasporites sp. . . . . . 12. Pb- 9461- 1, 109. 7 x 23. 3, 38u; 13- 14. Pb- 9448- 3, 98.5 x 22.4, 38u, proximal and distal views. Matonisporites excavatus Brenner, 1963. . . . . . . Pb- 9446- 7, 107. 3 x 19.4, 44u, proximal and distal views. Matonisporites crassiangulatus (Balme) Dettmann, 1963, Pb-9450-7, 94.9 x 22.2, 42u. Page 54 59 64 55 56 64 62 S8 63 61 58 57 PLATE 5 185 PLATE 6 Figure A11 Figures X1000 Page 1-4. Toripunctisporis gganuloides Krutzsch, 1959b. . . . . . . 65 1-2. Pb—9462-1, 73.3 x 6.2, proximal and distal views, punctate sculpture; 3. Pb-9461-1, 99.5 x 16.8, 27u smooth sculpture; 4. Pb-9466-5, 84.2 x 12.1, 30u, granulate sculpture. 5-7. Trizonites subrugulatus nom. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5-6. Pb-9445-2, 102.1 x 23.9, 30u, proximal and distal views, zona reduced radially; 7. Pb-9457-1, 117.9 x 13.9, 32u, zona confined to interradial areas. 8'10. Trilete Sp. 2 o o o o o o o o o o o o o 67 Pb-9446-9, 118.4 x 5.2, 40u, proximal, midfocus, and distal views. 11-13. Trilete sp. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11. Pb-9446-4, 117.2 x 11.8, 42u, proximal view. 12- 13. Pb- 9454- 1, 119. 4 x 10. 8, 38u, proximal and distal views. 14-18. Trilete sp. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 14- 15. Pb- 9451- 7, 92. 4 x 6.5, 44u, proximal and distal views; 16-18. Pb-9378-1, 112.8 x 22. 3, 48u, proximal, midfocus, and distal views. PLATE 6 187 PLATE 7 Figure A11 Figures X1000 unless specified Page 1-2. Verrucat08porites saalensis Krutzsch. . . . . . . . . . . 61 1. Pb-9463-1, 102.4 x 16.3, 38u, proximal view; 2. Pb-9463-3, 90.4 x 11.4, 38u, equatorial view. 3-4. Laevigatosporites haardti (Potonie & Venitz). . . . . . . 60 Thomson & Pflug. 3. Pb-9446-8, 92.1 x 13.2, 44u, equa- torial view; 4. Pb-9462-3, 82.6 x 18.9, 39u, proximal view. 5-6. Podocagpidites potomacensis Brenner . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Pb-9463-1, 110.8 x 19.7, 36u; 5. note proximal cap; 6. note bladder attachments. 7-8. Cla330pollis classoides Pflug emend. Pocock & Jansonius . 69 7. Pb-9454-7, 87.1 x 7.9, 22u; 8. Pb-9447-2, 83.9 x 21.8, 23u. 9. Araucariacites australis Cookson. . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Pb-9456-1, 113.6 x 9.6, 68u, X500. 10. Perinopollenites halonatus Phillips&Felix. . . . . . . . 77 Pb-9447-4, 116.9 x 22.0, 34u. 11-15. Pinuspollenites spp. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 75 11. Pb-9376-2, 83.5 x 21.4, 3 bladdered form; 12. Pb9455-3, 99.4 x 21.6; 13. Pb-9452-8, 102.8 x 21.4; 14. Pb-9463-l, 116.0 x 11.2; 15. Pb-9453-3, 100.0 x 8.4. PLATE 7 189 PLATE 8 Figure A11 Figures X1000 Page 1. Parvisaccites radiatus Couper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Pb-9450-8, 102.3 x 12.8, 30u x 59u. 2-4. _hyllocladidites inchoatus (Pierce) Norris. . . . . . . 70 2-3. Pb-9452-4, 101.2 x 6. 4, 40u, proximal and distal views; 4. Pb-9453-4, 108.9 x 14.2, 30u x 39u, equatorial view. 5-6. Ruggbivesiculites rugosus Pierce. . . . . . . 74 5. Pb- 9384- 4, 97. 2 x 22. 6, 26u x 43u; 6. Pb- 9382- 2, 90. 8 x 21. 4, 37u x 66u. 7-8. Rugubivesiculites convolutus Pierce . . . . . . . . 72 7. Pb- 9381- 1, 80. 3 x 5.4, 40u x 48u; 8. Pb- 9466- 1, 113. 5 x 23.5, 31u x 57u. 9-10. Ruggbivesiculites reductus Pierce . . . . . . . 73 9. Pb-9450-l, 103.6 x 23. 3, 24u x 52u; 10. Pb- 9451- 7, 97.8 x 4.8, 35u x 60u. 11. Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus (Potonie) Kremp. . . . . . . 76 Pb-9446-4, 116.0 x 5.9, 22u. 12-14. Eucommiidites troedssonii Erdtman . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Pb-9446-8, 91.4 x 15.9, 28u, distal, Optical section, and proximal views. PLATE 8 5-6. 7-9. 10-15. 16-18. 19-20. 21-23. 24. 25-260 27-28. 29. 30-32 0 191 PLATE 9 A11 Figures X1000 Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. . . . . . . . . . . . 1- 2. Pb- 9464- 6, 83. 3 x 4. 9, 32u, proximal and distal views. 3- 4. Pb- 9462- 1, 72. 2 x 18.4, 30u, oblique view, bright field and phase contrast, note duplibaculate muri in Figure 4. Momipites microcorvphaeus (Potonie) Nichols . . . . 5. Pb- 9466- 1, 84. 0 x 4. 8, 13u; 6. Pb- 9465- 1, 86. 6 x 17. 3, 14u. Momipites inaequalis Anderson . . . . . 7. Pb-9460-6, 91.0 x 20. 0, 22u; 8. Pb- 9463- 8, 83. 9 x 20. 3, 20u; 9. Pb9466- 1, 89. 0 x 7. 0, 19u. Momipites tenuipolus Anderson . . . . . . . 10-1L Pb- 9458- 3, 92. 1 x 14.1,16u; 12-1L Pb9461- 3, 99.2 x 18.5,16u; 14- 15. Pb- 9466- 3, 8L 0 x 9. 3, 10u. Figs. 11, 13, and 15--phase contrast. Proteacidites retusus Anderson. . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Pb- 9447- 6, 90. 0 x 14.2, 30u; 17-18. Pb-9459- l, 82. 8 x 1L 1,22u, surface and optical section views, note uniformity of reticulation. Proteacidites marginus Rouse. . . . . . . . . . 19. Pb- 9456- 3, 107. 9 x 23.5, 28u; 20. Pb- 9459- 1, 85.8 x 22.5, 22u. Proteacidites thalmannii Anderson . . . . . . . . . 21. Pb- 9384- 4, 7L 5 x 13.5, 24u; 22-23. Pb-9466-1, 81. 8 x 6. 3, 22u, surface and Optical section views, note that reticulation ranges from uniform to variable. Proteacidites sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pb-9465-l, 88.8 x 16.4, 30u. Cupanieidites sp. Chmura. . . . . . . . . . . . . Pb-9444-8, 88.1 x 1L 8, 30u, surface and optical section views. Insulapollenites rugulatus Leffingwell. . . . . . . . . . 27. Pb-9382-2, 90.0 x 19.0, 23u; 28. Pb-9378-1, 110.0 x 14.8, 42u. Gunnerites reticulatus (Cookson) Cookson & Pike . . . . . Pb-9446-10, 84.5 x 4.9, 36u. flyssapollenites puercoensis (Anderson) Drugg. . . . . . . 30. Pb-9453-4, 109.2 x 6.3, 36u, equatorial view; 31-32. Pb-9452-3, 100.3 x 7.8, 30u, polar views, surface and optical section. Page 79 82 81 83 84 84 85 86 87 87 89 88 PLATE 9 1.... .M.......:. 1! luv Ll: . on. .mkwfi‘hwu . ‘\ \- 4. 193 PLATE 10 Figure All Figures X1000 Page 1-2. Clavatipollenites hughesii Couper emend. Kemp . . . . . . 79 Pb—9462-3, 85.9 x 19.0, 20u, surface and Optical section views. 3-4. Extratriporopollenites minimus (Krutzsch) comb. nov. . . 90 3. Pb-9444-10, 94.9 x 7.2, 13u; 4. Pb-9459-7, 90.0 x 11.0, 12u. 5. Extratriporopollenites sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Pb-9458-1, 114.1 x 12.1, l4u. 6-9. ExtratriporOpollenites no_perfectus Pflug . . . . . . 91 6-7. Pb-9460-1, 85.1 x 22.1, 17u, surface and optical section; 8. Pb-9465-3, 85.9 x 17.4, 20u, 4-pored Specimen; 9. Pb-9451-7, 88.8 x 19.9, 27u. 10-13. Extratripggopollenites silicatus (Pflug) Skarby . . . . . 92 10-11. Pb-9446-9, 81.4 x 17.6, 20u, note the thickened pore annuli; 12. Pb-9446-4, 88.7 x 18.0, 17u, note distended annuli and vestibulum; 13. Pb-9446-4, 87.8 x 19.5, 15u. 14-15. Extratriporopollenites thornei (Drugg) comb. nov. . . . . 93 14. Pb-9444-10, 95.1 x 21.1, 28u; 15. Pb-9446-4, 104.7 x 9.6, 26u. 16-20. Holk0pollenites chemardensis Fairchild. . . . . . . . 94 16. Pb-9454-l, 101.7 x 8. 4, 26u, oblique view showing colpus margins; 17- 18. Pb- 9453- 3, 106. 4 x 5.7, 32u, polar view, surface and Optical section. 19-20. Pb-9444-3, 106.0 x 5.5, 23u, equatorial views showing colpi and pores. 21-23. Monocolpopollenites asymmetricus (Pierce) comb. nov. . . 80 21-22. Pb-9457-l, 102.6 x 7.3, 44u, distal and proximal views; 23. Pb-9444-8, 106.2 x 6.8, 30u. 24-27. Tricolpites parvus Stanley. . . . . . . . . . . 96 24- 25. Pb- 9463- 1, 74. 8 x 15.3, 20u, equatorial view, surface and optical section; 26- 27. Pb- -9466-3, 85.0 x 10.6, 18u, polar view, surface and optical ‘ section. 28-29. Tricolpites anguloluminosus Anderson. . . . . J . . . . . 96 Pb-9460-6, 92.7 x 15.1, 24u, polar view, surface and optical section. 30-31. Tricolpopollenites micropunctatus Groot, Penny & Groot. . 98 30. Pb-9455-3, 74.2 x 7.2, l8u, equatorial view; 31. Pb-9446-1, 88.8 x 23.7, l6u, polar view. 32-35. 36-37. 38-42. 194 Tricolpopollenites micromunus Groot & Penny . . . . . . . 98 32-33. Pb-946l-5, 95.9 x 9.4, 15u, polar view, surface and optical section; 34-35. Pb-9463-3, 88.2 x 10.0, 15u, equatorial view, surface and optical section. Retitricolpites georgensis Brenner. . . . . . . . . . . . 95 36. Pb-9379-1, 113.0 x 15.7, 25u, polar view; 37. Pb-9453-3, 77.1 x 18.6, 24u, equatorial view. Tricolpopollenites simplicissimus Groot, Penny & Groot. . 99 38. Pb-9449-10, 88.7 x 19.0, l6u, oblique view; 39. Pb-9458-3, 85.9 x 8.6, 18u, polar view; 40. Pb-9450-1, 89.1 x 10.4, 15u, equatorial view; 41-42. Pb-9452-9, 94.1 x 13.0, 20u (total), two focal planes through pollen tetrad. PLATE IO ) 12 ' 13 Figure 1-5. 6-11. 12. 13-16. 17-180 19-23. 24-27. 28-33. 196 PLATE 11 A11 Figures X1000 Tricolporopollenites cingulum (Potonie) Thomson & Pflug . 1-2. Pb-9450—8, 99.0 x 7.5, 12u, polar view, surface and Optical section; 3. Pb—9445-l, 88.0 x 17.4, 12u, polar view; 4. Pb-9446-1, 83.8 x 14.7, 13u, equatorial view; 5. Pb-9447-2, 91.3 x 13.4, l6u, equatorial view. Tricolporopollenites cryptOporus (Srivastava) comb. nov. 6-7. Pb—9454-1, 112.3 x 19.0, 42u, equatorial view, surface and Optical section; 8-9. Pb-9454-2, 114.9 x 9.2, 40u, polar view, surface and Optical section; 10. Pb-9384-4, 103.6 x 22.3, 40u, polar view, note coarser reticulation; 11. Pb-9447-5, 95.0 x 19.4, 38u, equatorial view. Tricolporopollenites granulocuneus Phillips & Felix . . . Pb-9378-1, 116.6 x 7.1, 31u. Tricolpor0pollenites distinctus Groot & Penny . . . . 13. Pb—9446-4, 85.9 16.4, 9u, equatorial view; 14. Pb-9453—3, 93.1 22.5, 10u, equatorial View; 15. Pb-9452-3, 78.4 23.7, 13u, equatorial view; 16. Pb-9462-1, 72.9 12.4, lOu, Oblique view. X X X X Tricolpor0pollenites inusitatus Chmura. . . . . . . . . 17. Pb-9462—1, 72.7 x 16.3, 20u, polar view; 18. Pb-9464-3, 88.7 x 15.2, 22u, equatorial view. Tricolporopollenites labiatus Gray & Groot. . . . . . . . 19-20. Pb-9444-3, 108.7 x 7.8, 26u, polar view, surface and Optical section; 21-22. Pb-9461-3, 87.8 x 22.6, l8u, oblique view, surface and Optical section, note colpus margin; 23. Pb-9451-7, 91.1 x 15.2, 26u, equatorial view. Tricolporopollenites inductorius Chmura . . . . . . . 24-25. Pb-9446—4, 84.0 x 15.5, 20u, equatorial view, surface and Optical section, note very faint reticulation. 26-27. Pb-946l-1, 79.1 x 12.9, l8u, equatorial view showing pores. Tricolpor0pollenites parvus (Groot & Groot) comb. nov. . 28—29. Pb-9458-3, 83.0 x 19.9, 21u, equatorial view, surface and optical section, prolate shape; 30-31. Pb-9465-3, 75.2 x 9.6, 14u,‘equatoria1 view, surface and Optical section; 32-33. Pb-9466-1, 87.0 x 13.8, 20u, equatorial view, surface and optical section, spheroidal shape. Page 99 100 103 101 104 104 103 105 34-36. 37-390 197 Tricolporopollenites lihokus (Srivastava) comb. nov. 34-35. Pb-9454-2, 114.8 x 10.3, 42u, polar view, surface and Optical section; 36. Pb-9452-3, 102.0 x 13.5, 52u, equatorial view. Tricolpor0pollenites venustus Chmura. . . 37- 38. Pb- 9461- 3, 91. 1 x 4. 4, 15u, polar- Oblique view, surface and Optical section, 39. Pb- 9462- 1, 87.8 x 16.3, 17u, equatorial view. 105 106 Figure 1-3. 4-7. 8-10. 11. 12. 13-17 0 18'2 1.0 199 PLATE 12 Tricolporopollenites viriosus Chmura. . . . . . . 1- 2 Pb- 9446- 4, 99. 7 x 6. 4, 28u, polar view, surface and Optical section; 3. Pb-9445-10, 110.1 x 21. 4, 28u, oblique view, note reticulation; X1000 Triporopollenites cf. T. robustus Pflug . . . . 4. Pb-9465-1, 85.3 x 16.1,16u; 5. Pb- 9460-1, 90. 0 x 13. 2, 20u; 6. Pb- -9466-3, 76.3 x 13.3, 20u; 7. Pb-9466-3, 82.7 x 10.3, 22u, 4 pored specimen; X1000 TriporOpollenites cf. 3. granifer (Potonie) comb. nov. 8. Pb-9446-1, 72.8 x 14.7, 16u; 9. Pb-9463-1, 90.8 x 7.0, 20u; 10. Pb-9446-7, 91.1 x 3.8, 22u; X1000 Schizosporis reticulatus Cookson & Dettmann . . . . . . Pb-9446-6, 92.1 x 7.7, 136u; X400 Canningia sp. Pb-9452-9, 87.0 x 2.8, 28u, X500 Areoligera-chlonephelium spp. (All Figures X500) 13-14. Pb-9393-4, 97.5 x 14.5, 62u; 15. chlonephelium sp., Pb- 9383- 3, 98. 6 x 7. 7, 66u; 16-17. Areoligera cf. A. senonensis Lejeune-Carpentier, Pb- 9452- 8, 98. 5 x 22. 3, 66u, dorsal and ventral views. All specimens shown in interference contrast. Deflandrea spp. (All Figures X500) 18. Deflandrea acutula Wilson, Pb-9450-7, 94.8 x 3.7, 70u; 19. Deflandrea sp., Pb9452-8, 101.9 x 23.7, 76u; 20. Deflandrea sp., Pb-9378-2, 86.1 x 3.8, 121u; 21. Deflandrea magnifica Stanley Pb-9451-7, 102.0 x 16.0, 120u. Figures 18-20 shown in interference contrast. Page 106 107 107 108 Figure 1-7. 8'13. 14-17. 201 PLATE 13 A11 Figures X500 Deflandrea spp. 1-6. Deflandrea cf. 2. cooksoni Alberti 1. Pb-9462-3, 103.1 x 6.9, 104u; 2. Pb-9465-3, 105.4 x 11.7, 103u; 3. Pb-9383-3, 92.9 x 24.1, 76u; 4. Pb-9454-1, 105.2 x 3.3, 112u; 5. Pb-9454-1, 99.6 x 19.8, 100u; 6. Pb-9463-3, 111.9 x 9.1, 90u; 7. Deflandrea sp., Pb-9447-2, 119.0 x 4.0, 168u. All figures shown in interference contrast. Spiniferites spp. 8. Pb-9384-4, 74.1 x 18.4, 64u; 9-10. Pb-9390-4, 94.9 x 20.0, 62u; 11. Pb-9384-4, 99.5 x 9.2, 80u; 12-13. Pb-9384-4, 86.7 x 3.4, 88u. Figures 9-13 shown in interference contrast. fiystrichosphaeridium spp. 14. Polysphaeridium sp., Pb-9384-4, 77.0 x 16.2, 64u; 15. Oligosphaeridium sp., Pb-9390-1, 82.0 x 13.7, 90u; 16. HystrichOSphaeridium tubiferum (Ehrenberg), Pb-9394-1, 94.1 x 14.8, 84u. All figures in inter- ference contrast. Figure 1-2. 4-6. 8-10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17-18. 19. 203 PLATE 14 A11 Figures X500 unless specified Operculodinioid taxa 1. Cordosphaeridium sp., Pb-9452-5, 106.4 x 18.6, 108u, X400; 2. Operculodinium sp., Pb-9452-4, 106.0 x 24.1, 66u. All figures shown in interfer- ence contrast. Palaeoperidinium sp. Palanperidinium cf. 2. basilium (Drugg), Pb-9393-4, 77.0 x 16.0, 108u, interference contrast. §ystemat9phora sp. 4. Pb-9393-4, 76.4 x 24.0, 98u; 5-6. Pb-9452-3, 108.7 x 6.8, 88u. All figures shown in interference contrast. Coronifera oceanica Cookson & Eisenack, Pb-9382-2, 109.9 x 8.0, 94u, interference contrast. Dinogymnium spp. 8. Pb-9447-2, 90.7 x 17.7, 34u; 9. Pb-9378-1, 95.2 x 7.7, 47u; 10. Pb-9450-8, 93.1 x 6.0, 80u. All figures shown in interference contrast. ?Xenikoon sp. Pb-9452-8, 106.8 x 16.9, 86u. Prolixosphaeridium sp. Pb-9390-1, 84.1 x 23.5, 34u, interference contrast. Tanyosphaeridium sp. ‘ Pb-9379-1, 95.0 x 23.8, 47u, interference contrast. ?Fromea sp. Pb-9459-1, 115.8 x 11.9, 84u. Forma A Pb-9452-8, 101.3 x 6.6, 26u, X1000 Spinidinium sp. Pb-9384-4, 74.9 x 18.6, 62u, interference contrast. Microdinium sp. Pb-9384-4, 74.1 x 12.8, 30u, dorsal and ventral views. Svalbardella sp. Pb-9451-6, 95.3 x 9.4, 195u. 14