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RELATION OF WATER TO TENSILE STRENGTH

1N SUPER CEMENT MORTARS

THESIS FOR DEGREE OF B. 8.

IN CIVIL ENGINEERiNG

EARL L. CLARK

 

3926

”3-«f’,lay» .
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.. AND

Relation at later to Tensile Strength in Super Cement Iortere
A.!heeie Submitted to the Faculty of
IIOHIGAI STAII OOLLIBI
of

Agriculture and Applied Science

By

lerl L. gar]:
Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor of Science
June 1926

 

 

 

THESfS

Super Cement was first made in England by an English investigator.
It was successfully used in Great Britain for a.number of years, prior
its introduction into Canada in 1920. How it is freely used in both
countries in every kind of work where cement is used.

After thorough investigation and determination of some of the merits
of Super Cement, the Peerless Portland Cement Company, has secured the
right to manufacture this product. At present the Peerless Portland
Cement Company has two factories, one at Detroit, and one at Onion City,
Michigan.

Super Cement is a more efficient form of Portland Cement, rendered
so by the incorporation of a substance known as catacoll during the
manufacturing process.

Catacoll. itself has no more cementing qualities than the raw
Gypsum. which is ordinarily used in the manufacture of Portland Cement,

a portion of which it replaces. Catacoll occupies no greater volume
and it is anything but a water repellent. ~

The strength and.impermeability developed in Super Cement concrete
are derived from the reactions which occur between the mixing water and
the constituents of the clinker. The function which catacoll accomplishes
is to facilitate these reactions. and thus ensure that they will be more
complete than is the case in Portland.Cement.

Super Cement hydrates more thoroughly'than Portland Cement, that is
to say a greater portion of it combines chemically with the mixing water
to form the cementing medium on which concrete depends for its qualities _
of cohesive and adhesive strength and stable density. Consequently
greater strength.in tension, compression and adhesion are obtained with

Super Cement.
Super Cement combines the forgoing features to produce concrete of

94649

great dsnseness. This tendency is further promoted by the action of the
catacohl in influencing the constituents of the cement to form a hydrate
of a more. collodial nature than that produced by the union of ordinary
Portland Cement and water. As a final result, Super Cement produces a
concrete which is impervious to liquids, that is water proof.

Super Cement is made in the same manner as Portland Cement. in fact
the same grinding processes and the same machinery is used for both
cements. Super Convent is not finer ground than ordinary Portland Cement.

and it is nothing acre or less than improved Portland Cement. The fore-
going has been quoted from pamphlets published by the Peerless Portland

Cement Company.

This experiment, the effect of water on the tensile strength of
Super Cement mortars was performed in the laboratory. All specimens
were made under like conditions, using the same quantities of taper
Cement and sand. the one to three was used, but with different per-
centage of water.

The sand used in the mix was somewhat graded in that what was used
passed a number twenty sieve. The sand was very dry and fairly clean.

All mixing was done according to the specifications of the herican
Society of Testing Materials.

The standard gang mold was used for all specimens.'thers being four
to a gang and each test for a certain day was made of four specimens,
also the mix for one complete test for each percentage of water used was
all mixed at the same time and ismediately placed in the moulds.

The specimens were placed one day in moist air and the remainder of
the time in water until tested.

Pour briquettes were tested at the end of the first day. four the
second day, four the third day, and four on the fifth, seventh. fourteenth,
twenty-first and twenty-eighth days. All specimens were tested in the
Rhsile tension testing machine. The four briquettes were tested for

each day and each test recorded. If for any reason a briquette tested
low or high according to the others of that same group, it was discarded.
However. the tests of each group ran very uniform and there were only a
very small percentage of the tests disregarded. The strength Cor each
period was taken as the average of that particular group.

The different percentages of water used in the mix were from ten,
and increasing by one per cent to, and including, nineteen per cent.

Pith the ten and eleven percentages of water ﬁxes the strength in-
creased rapidly for the} first week. then more gradually thereafter. Of
all the specimens tested the ten and eleven percentage of water mixes
give the least strength at twenty-eight days. There was another element
very noticeable in these ﬁxtures that were low in water. The quantities

with exception of water, that were used for all mixes were the same and
the same number of moulds were filled with each. but with these two per-
centages of water ﬁnes there was more mortar left over that was not

I

needed than with the other ﬁxes. This was due to the sand bulking,

consequently more volume and less material per given volume, and so less

strength could be expected.

With the twelve and thirteen per cent ﬁxes, the strength the first
week ,was very much the same as for the dryer ﬁxes. hat the second and
third weeks there was a decided change, even a decrease in strength with
the twelve per cent water mix. Perhaps the chemical action had ceased
for a time. Then again the fourth week the tensile strength increased
very rapidly, as shown by the curve.

The fourteen and fifteen percentages of water ﬁxes are about

normal ctnsistency and they seem to give the best results. However.
with the fifteen percent of water mix there is a period in which the

strength does not increase. This period is during the third week, and

is, without doubt, due to an excess of water, because this same period

 

 

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occurs in the sixteen.percent of water mix but is much more noticeable
by comparison of the curves. Then too, with the fourteen percent of
water*mix. this period does not occur at all.

The wetter mixes of seventeen. eighteen and nineteen, percentages
of water had the higher strengths at twentyueight days. lith the nine-
teen percent of water ﬁx, the strength was highest of all specimens at
twenty-eight days. This mix also increased in strength uniformily
throughout the test. However with all of these apparently good results
these higher percentages of water mixes should not be considered because
when the mortar was placed in the moulds the mix was so wet that some of
the water ran out of the mortar on the curing pan. This water escaping
from the griquette would lower the percentage of water in the mix con-
siderably.

The results obtained indicate that fourteen percent of water gives
the highest and most nearly uniform strength as far as tensile strength

is concerned.‘

 

 

1

Results of Specimens Tested

Percentage 1 day 2 days 3 days 5 days 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days
0 water '

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

so 100 70 140 160 150 160 165
10 so 100 120 no 150 160 170 130
so 100 120 120 100 150 180 160
so 199 139 139 159 1,59 399 .
50 65 90 120 120 170 ' 200 200
n 50 70 90 so 130 150 160 ass-
65 so 100 140 no 140 150 170
55 7 9 11 -
v r 5 , 6 4 7
50 55 65 145 155 170 165 130
12 50 so so 120 170 140 135 210 g
, ~ 45 so 90 105 200 175 130 200
Azgggge 17 §9 11 139 1§§ 1gp 1gp 390
50 90 120 no 130 190 235 -130-
13 50 85 120 135 145 190 210 240
70 no no 120 155 230 220 250
WEL—
50 no 120 185 180 250 310 290
14 so no 125 155 135 250 270 300
so 100 125 170 185 270 320 300
. . o 'I 7
w 7 5 92
so 115 150 165 250 235 230
100 105 175 200 235 255 270
15 so 105 170 205 250 245 275
m 03 15 4 7
so so 125 no 190 315 245 300
70 70 125 140 150 240 240 210
‘4 so 55 100 170 135 255 255 300

 

2 75 WW '
Average 55 so 117 140 9 5

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Percentage 1 day
of water

 

Results of Specimens Tested

2 days 3 days 5 days 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days

 

 

 

 

50 55 115 160 180 285 250 330
60 60 115 120 155 220 260 300
17 so so 140 130 150 255 300 300
5 1 5 - 7 75
‘gg;ggg_, 55 6 7 5' 2
55 70 130 180 245 225 290
13 90 100 150 190 250 210 300
55 95 120 170 255 235 330
79 §Q lﬁﬁ. 11g 219 gap 359
lliillﬂr 53 e:JﬂL_____léi_____JL11__._._JEEL__._.JEEL._.__JHHL_..
BO 60 140 175 255 270 310
19 80 110 140 140 300 300 260
60 100 135 155 290 305 280
70 79 139 1§§ §1§ 229 §§9
‘gegggglfww 7 9 59 9 9

 

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