4 I'w—w—— —— A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PART METHOD VERSUS THE WHOLE METHOD IN THE LEARNING OF A FLY-AWAY FROM THE HORIZONTAL BAR Thais few fhc Dog!“ of M. A. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Marshall Robert Claus 1961 LIBRARY Michigan State University away»:— J iwiga ACMARATIVB STUDYOFMPAR! person VERSUS mmummmmnnmcora ru-awrnonmnommm 3! Max-than *Robart 01m ANABSRACTOIAIIISIS Sub-ltted to Collaga of Education of Michigan Stata Untvcratty of Agriculture and Appltad Scienca in partial. fulfill-ant ot tha raqntrananta for tho dasrea of MASTER (I ans Depart-ant of Baalth, Phyatcal Education, and lactation 1961 Approval 9 j S f“: 5/ 7/e/kl ABSTRACT ammrmsmwmrmummmmnmn nmummaanr-mxmmmanomm by Harohall Robot-t Clauo W Tho pnrpooo of th:l.oe otndy io to dotorlino tho offocto oi toaching tho "fly-away" tron tho horizontal bar by tho "part-oothod" ad by tho ”wholo-nathod". Men Right onbjocta woro ohooon tron tho waroity gy-Iaotic to- and iron bogioning gy-Iaotic claoooo at Michigan Stato Univoroity. A pro- roqnioito ot a giant circlo bockwardo woo nood to dotordno tho ability of tho porfornor and to: tho pnrpooo of pro-ranking. l‘ho oight anbjocto woro thon placod into two gronpo, baood on tho pro-ranking acoroo. A flip of tho coin dotorlinod which group woo to bo tho "wholo-Iothod" group ad which woo to bo tho "part-Iothod" group. rho oxpori-ont coooiotod of oight wooha of training, two ooaoiooa pot wooh, and o total of throo tooting aoooiooo plocod at fourth, oight'h. ood olovoath training ooaoiooa. loch onbjoct had an opportunity to attoqt tho otnot, or tho otnnta oi hio aooignod group, a total of forty- oight tin» and a total of oioo ti-oo for tho toating moiooa. Tho 'jndgoo and o atadard gy-aatic rating ocalo oi ooo hondrod poioto and bond thoir ocoroa on tho torn, oxocntioo, and goooral control of tho 11 wholo otnnt. All dato'woro otatiotically troatod’noing anolyoio of varianco. £95m within tho lindtationo of tho atndy, tho following conclooiono: l. tho tootingo indicatod that thoro woo no otatiotical oigniticant dittoroncoo botwoon tho two gronpo ottribntablo to tho nothod of inotrnc- tion oood. WWW rho author wiohoa to oxprooa hia oincoroot gratitndo to Dr. Hayno D. Van moo and Mr. Goorgo Saypnla for thoir nailing intoroot and kindnooo in aiding tho author in tho proparation of thio thooio. Acknowlodgononto aro aloo givon to all of tho onbjocto oi thio onporinont for thoir part in noting. tho colloction of thio dato poooiblo. mu 03m “luntoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Acknowlodgnonto oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo rél. 0‘ cam oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo “It 0‘ m1“ ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo mt 0‘ cm“ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0..OCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Chaptor 1. W10)! ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Stout of tho Problol .......................... Pnrpooo of tho Study .............................. Dofinition of for. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Linitotiono of tho Study oooooooooooooooooooooooooo 11. mm C! m mm ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo IIIo W oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo W ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 8.51”“ OI...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO...00.000.00.00... Wm Procodnro oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo stationed]. IBM ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Iv. RESULIB ................................................ v. suntan, ammo. m mums .............. Sn-ary ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Concluoiono........................................ loco-Indationo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo BDLIOGRAPH ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ”Pm“ OOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC. Pogo iii iv O‘D‘OU'Il-‘NNHH NNNNNNFHH MNHOOO§UO LIST OF mus rob lo Pogo Io Afl‘lyll. Of V‘31.Ic. BOCult‘ oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 14 II. Corrolntion 0: 1b.: BCCUIt. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 18 1.18! or emu ' Chart ’ Pogo I Coquotivo Anolyoio of foot Scoroo, Group I (wholo-nothod) 15 ll Coquatiu Analyoio of 'root Scoroo. Group II (part-nothod) 16 III Graph showing Progrooo of Gronpo by m1: Moan root Scoroo 17 A cumin-m sum or m rm maroon unsos ma non town III 113 mm or A I'm-AHA! non m mourn m 37 Horoholl Bobort Cluo AmSIS Sub-ittod to Collogo of ldnoatioo of Michigan Stoto Univoroity of Agricnltnro and Appliod Scionco in portial fulfill-ant of tho roqnirononto for tho dogroo oi MS‘BR 0P A318 Doportnont oi loolth, Phyoicol ldncotion, and Rocrootion 1961 cm 1 mm rho tooching of coqlox otnnto boo long boon, a controvoroiol point with coochoo ad gyaaoto. Many pooplo hovo oboorwod o gyaoot ooccooo- inlly oxocnto a ooqlo: otnnt on tho tirot triol. Othoro ay opond nontho working op to tho otnnt through oono ooloctod prograoion oi ohillo. rhoro io rolotiwoly littlo otndy or roooorch owoiloblo on tho boot nothodo oi loorning coqlox largo aoclo okillo. thio porticnlor otndy woo nndortohon to find ad to dotornino, it poooiblo, a naao o1 tooching a ooloctod coqlox otnnt tron tho horizontal bor in a foot, otticiont ond oato nonnor to individualo with oona gyn- nootic bockgronnd. Statonont of tho Problon ‘ro dotornino tho oftocto of tooching tho "tly-aay" iron tho hori- nontol bar by tho "part-nothod" ad by tho "wholo-nothod" of inotrnction. 'l'ho "part-nothod" of inotruction boiog coqoood of a opocific oorioo of progroooivo lood-np non-onto which bogino with wory oialo nowononto ad nowoo on to tho noro onion. wholo otat. l'ho "wholo-nothod" oi inotrnction io noroly allowing tho onbjoct to ottoqt tho wholo. coqlox otattronthovoryboginniu. PnrpooootthoStndy Inthopootthorohaoboonachthoorioingobootthobootnothodo for tho toochiog oi gyaootic otwnto. tho data and litoratnro coqilod in tho poot ooon to ialy that it io a nocoooity that a ooloctod pro- groooion at otnnto procodo tho loaning otiay ooalox atont. tho prooont otndy woo adortahon to onilo noro information on tho oobjoct. rho roonlta ohonld ha of intoroot to «ob gy-ootic coach ad to ovory gy-aot who hoo a dooiro to loan advancod ohillo in o tootor. onior, and a noro proticiat noaor. Iraditionol nothodo oqhooioo cu aotory or man‘. his nothod opondo a grant dool oi tina toochiu ad loaning oiqlo otnnto and than progroooivoly working toward tho loaning of tho complox otnnt. A coqaotivo otody at nathodologioo pointod oot that thoro appoaod to ho a dittoront loaning procooo whon now porto oi ooch otnnt woro oddod and me thoro woo o conoidoroblo waoto .2 u- “ ation in a. loan- ing procooo at oiqlo gy-aotic otnntoz. Dotinition of for. W: I d c ; Portornor owingo coqlotoly around tho ha in a hochwad diroction with tho or. ad body atondod. Innchor. Charloo A. ht rio o B a Mo 3:. m. Pb. Co Va “b, “o ’o 28. 1954o 2Wickotron, Ralph Loo. "A Coqarativo Stndy of Hothodologioo for 'i'ooching Gy-ootico ad Mlia Stnnta". Univoroity o£ Iowa, 1953. W no porfornor owingo half way aound tho ba in a backward dirootion caning to trout root abovo tho bar. on: W lnthonornolgraopthotingaoadthothuaooro .on oppooito oidoo of tho ba ad tho than oro odjocont. W: W“; In tho an-oupport pooition on tho horizontal bar, tho body in oupportod by. tho arna. W In tho had-balonco pooition tho body io invortodondiooupportodbythohado. rhoaanaybootraightor thoy nay bo bout, proiorobly otroight. y W In tho hanging pooition tho body io upright and io onopondod by tho hado. gm; Bonding tho body toward tho hnooo, tho\hnooo otoying atroight. W Bonding tho body towad tho hnooo. not our forty-tin dogrooo. tho hoooo otaying otraight. m; Pulling tho hooo clooo to choot. tho hnooo bat. m; Abochwardbadingot thorogionoi tho luaa opino. m; Body atondod with back achod. m: W Anodoratoowingioonoinwhich thobodyraiooo juot olightly abovo tho horizontal plao through tho point of oupport or tho point of ouoponoioo. W Ahighowingioonoinwhichthobodyraiooo approxi- notoly forty-fin dogrooo obowo tho horizontal plan through tho point of oupport or tho point of ouoponoion. W Avoryhighowingioonoinwhichthobodyriooa opproxinntoly ninoty dogrooo abovo tho horizontal plao through tho point of oupport or tho point of ouoponoion. W; Pronoupportonthoba, oztondthobodytoopooi- tionwhoro it io onohadrodadoighty dogrooo to tho tlooror io horizontal. W tron oupport on tho bar, oxtond tho body to a pooition whoro it io forty-tin dogrooo tron boing horizontal. W Pronoupportonthoba, oxtondthobodytoopoai- tion noro it io ninoty dogrooo to tho floor or vorticol. W: m A nonnt in a novonont tron tho floor onto tho apparatuo. m; A dionount io a novaont tron tho apparatuo to tho iloor. W Aoonoroaultdioaunttronthoborotthotront or tho both ond of o owing. Linitationo of tho Study 1. Confinod to non having a proroquioito of. at loaat, a giat circlo bachwado (rogula grip). 2. Subjoctivonooo of tho judgoo. 3. ho opociiic pato which woro uood in tho "pat-nothod" of in- otruction. CIDER II mm W 1'! W A roviow of rolatod litoraturo conoorning tho tooching of "pat“ vorouo "wholo-nothod" of inotruction will bo diocuoood in thio choptor. A “or of tualiu otato, ouch oo tho boch oonoroalt ao oinilar to tho nochanioo that would bo acountorod in tho "fly-away" tron tho hori- zontal bar. haPorto otatoa that oach atop within tho progroooion holpo to dovolop tho corroct fund-ontolo for tho onocution of tho noot in- portat ono, which would bo at tho and of tho ooriool. Cottoral pointo out that in tho loaning ot coalox otunto it io alwoyo nocoooay tor a ooloctod progroooion of otnnto to procodo tho loaning of ay coalox otat. mo would in turn provo to bo iaotor, «for, ad noro proticiatz. Rygnr otatoa, "Boo tho 'part-nothod' of tooching whonovor it in toaoiblo. Sona otunto ca bo brohon into pato ad ooch port taught in- dopondontly. 'l'hon all of tho pato ca bo put togothor ad tho otnnt taght oo o wholo. It io advioablo to ohow tho atiro otunt firat, how- ovor. on that tho pnpilo will havo a door picturo of tho otunt thoy ao working towad'a. anPorto, Willian R. and Al 6. nonnor. W. low York. bastion-Ball, mo ”a 3'5. 1938o zcottorol, Bonio ad Donnio. 1:. York. A. 8. Ianoo and Co. 1936. anyoor, Otto. z. A ‘Ioochoro Banal for Ito-bl? ad Appaatuo Stnnto. Dubuquo, Iowa. "n. C. Brown Co. p. , . Crooo in hio touching of oialor unitary okillo in boakotball found tho touching by "wholo-nothod" noro productivo ad tho loaning of noro coqloz okillo woro boot taught to ninth-grado boyo by tho on of tho "pat-nothod" oi inotruotion”. Ilionayor uood lago aoclo activitioo to coaaro tho "port” ad tho "wholo-nothod" of loaning. Swi-ing woo to roprooont individual acti- vity. badninton to roprooont dual activity, and volloyball a toa-typo activity. In hio £indingo ho found individual activitioo appoaod to bo loanod boot whon taght by tho "wholo-nothod". Babinton, claooitiod no a dual-typo activity, woo boot loanod whon taught by tho "part-nothod" of instructions. Shay uoing oiztoon inoaporionood collogo non for oubjocto taught ouo group tho kip on tho horizontal bar by tho "wholo-nothod" ad tho othor group by tho 'pat-nothod". rho "pat-athod'o" otopo woro tho owing, ach, flozia of tho thigh, bringing tho foot to tho ba, ad oztonoion of tho thigh. llo found it took 38.5 trialo avorago uaing tho "wholo-nathod" ao coaaod with 68.8 trialo uoing tho "part-nathod". Knapp ad Dizon did a otudy of loaniu to jugglo throo hallo uoing tho "wholo, pat, ad tho codination nothod” of loaning. rho "wholo- nothod" group jugglod throo ballo all tho tina, tho "part-nothod" group 4cm». I. J. "A eon-potion of tho wboio Hothod, tho moot Gao iotbod. ad tho Uholo-Pat hthod of Iooching Baokotball to linth-Qodo loyo". W 8: 49-54. Dec... 1937. - sIliolaoyor, Boy. "Part Varano wolo Ihthodo ad llaoood Vorouo Diotributod Proctico in tho loaning of Soloctod Largo hoclo Activitioo”. (Un- publiohod Doctoral Diooortation, Univoraity oi Southoru California, 1958.) 68hay, Clayton r. "foo progroooivo-Pat Verona tho Hholo Iothod of loaning Motor Skills". W 4: 62-67, Doc., 1934. uaod ono, than two, ad than throo ballo and tho "coaination" group uoodaynothodoi loaningthoy thought thookill couldboobtainodby. Ihaoo athoro toad that thoro woo littlo tranator of tho initial acou- raoy by aubjocto naing tho "pat-nothod" and that tho oubjocta uaing tho "tun-um" or loaning attoinod tho akill not rapidly, . Wickatron otatod, "Anothor oboorvation woo nodo which applioa opaci- tically to tho 'wholo-diroct ropotitivo nothod'. ad oubotatiatoa tho rooulto of otudioa in paychology of tho 'part-Inothod' of loaning. rhoro oppoorodtoboadifioront loaningprocoaowiththoadditionofoachnow pat or a chat. Sana intorforonco woo involvod oo tho oubjocto daouatratod a toaoray looo of loaning of tho port or pato proviouoly loanod wha a now part had boon oddod, until that now part had bocono intogratod with than. tho aount oi intortoronco variod with difficulty of tho otunt and, no a wholo, bocana a turthor probla. Hhoro incrooaod apood woo nocoaoay in ozocuting tho wholo otunt. thio froquontly caood orrora in amounting tho pat proviouoly loanod at a olowor toao. thou, thoro appoorod to bo waatod tina ad notion in tho pat loaning of aono gyaoatic atunto"§ ‘l'ho roviow of tho litoraturo by Croat. liaoyor. Shay, Knapp and oixoo, Hinton-on, ad m9 ». to concludo that bronking down a thin and practicing ita pato in davoloping a wholo akill aoon too wootoful. 7Knapp, Clydo G. ad V. Bobort Dixon. ”loaning to Jugglo: II, A Study of Uholo ad Pat-Inthoda". W 23: 398-1501, Doc., 1952. Ohiokotron. Mo ’Ib-roo. "alto: 8. MW- lwm'ko n- M11“ “o p. 822. 1950a ' 'i'ho Jopaooo uao a oxtronoly baaic progroaaioo of otunto ad in thoboginninghoo thoportornordonoowinging, butnorolyturnovorand drop off. Upon tho actual ”lot-go" of tho atat, thoy roco-ond tho por- tot-ot tucking uplo. tho Swiaa, on tho othor had, taco-ad uaing a alight anount oi progrooaion, but it in vary rapid. At no tina do thoy havo tho poriornor oaauno tho tuckod poaitionu. In coaaioon of thooo ioroign nothoda of inatruotion to oono of tho roaoarch proaontod in favor of tho "wholo-nothod" of inatruction, it would aoon that tho coochoa, tho world ovor, follow tho old traditional tooching nathod of having tho patornor do a ooloctod progroaaion of atunto ad lootly tho ton-pitta wholo aunt mOpinion ozproaood by moo rm... pato-t1 intorviow (with inta- protor) at Chicago Gyaaatica Clinic, l9dl. “halo. c. c. WW- 1...... Jana barrio look Linitod, 1957 . 0mm moored! thio otudy woo undortaon to dotornino tho ottocto of touching ot tho "tly-away" tron tho horizontal ba by tho "pat-athod" ad by tho "wholo-athod". In analyzing tho ottootivonoao of tho two touching nathoda throojudgoa, whowaro oithor occoaliahodgyaootaorhoda high dogroo ot knowlodgo ot tho apart, woro wood. ' Equip-Int A rogulation oight-toot horizontal ha wao uaod tor thio onporinant. An ovorhood oatoty nochaic and oatoty bolt, ad a had opotting bolt warouaodoo touchingaidaadooaprocoutionayprocochrotor tho loan- ing at thio coalox otnnt. Subjooto Bight aubjocto woro choaa tron tho vanity gyaootic toa ad tron boginning gyaaatic clooaoo at Michiga Stato Univoroity. A proroquioito ot a giat circlo bockwardo woo roquirod botoro a aubjoct woo allowod to boconoanoaorotthiaotudy. ‘Ihiaproroquioitowaouaodtodotadnoo pointotroadinoaatortholoaningotthiaatuntadalaotodotordno oono dogroo of ability ot tho oubjoct tor tho purpoao ot raking. rho oight oubjocta woro inoxporiacod in tho portoniu ot thio pati- culaotunt; howovor, allhadhadaonooxporiacointurningovororaonor- aalting tron or on othor piocaa ot 'oppaatua. 10 Exporinnntal Procoduro no oight oubjocto woro ratod by Goorgo Szypula, hood manic coach. and tho author, oaoiatat gyaaotio coach. ‘lho rottinga woro trononotooight, maonohaving thonaot ability. judging trontho patornaco ot tho proroquioito giat owing. rho oight woro than dividod intotwogroupowithaaoroono. tour. tivo, adoightinonogroupad adorn two, throo, air, adaovoninthooocondgroup. 'Ihotlipoto coin dotorninodwhiohgroupwaa tobo tho "pat-nathod" group adwhioh grog wan to bo taught by tho "wholo-nothod" ot inatruction. rho oight oubjocta, baring boon dividod into tho two dittoront inotruction groupo, attadod two training ooaaiono por wook. tor a poriod ot oight wooko. 'lho two groupo trainod at dittoront tinoa ad woro not allowadtooooorknowwhatthoothorgroupwaadoing. Atovorytraining ooaaion oaoh aubjoct attoatod oiz ozocntiono at tho atunt aoaiaod tor hia group tor that poriod. A total of throo tooto woro giva at pro- dotorninod intorvalo ad oath aubjoct rat allowod to attupt tho wholo otuntthrootinoo. Duringthoaotoata thoaao throoozporioncodgyaaato woro uaod oach tina on tho judgoo. Bocaao at tho aubjootivaooa at tho judgoa, thohighadtho lowacoroaworothrownoutadthoboatottho throo attoato woo toka ao tho acoro tor that paticula oubjoct during that toating poriod. Ivory aubjoct had tho opportunity to act-pt tho atunt which woo oaoignod to hia paticula group a total at forty-oight tinoo ad a total ot nino tinoo during tho throo tooting ooaaiono. ll l'ho procoduro tor training ad tooting in on tollowa: m1 (whola nothod) mm Inatructioua giwon on nochaica at tho otunt ad aoquontial picturoa 'ot a corroct ”fly-away" ohowa to ooch oubjoct. Portorning tho tull 'iayod-out tly-away" tron a tull "coat-out" pooition. Six attoata. W Portaning tho tull'loyod-out tly-aay" tron a toll "coat-out" pooition. Six attaqita. mm rooting ooaaion. Patorning tull‘ "coat-out" to a toll ”layod-out fly-away". throo attoato. Wm Portorning tho tall "layod-out fly-away" tron a toll "coat-out" pooition. Six attoqta. mum rooting ooaaion. Portorning tull "coat-out" to a tall "layod-out tly-aay". throo attoata. W Patorning tho tall "layod-out tly-away" tron a toll "coat-out" pooition. Sin attoato. W Pinal tooting ooaaion. Pull "coat-out" to a toll "layod-out tly- any". Ihroo attoato. m (pat-nothod) mm Inatructiono givon on nochaica ot otunt ad aoquatial picturoo at a corroct "fly-any" ohoa to ooch aubjoct. Portaning a joy to abort "undor-owing" on low bar to a "tuck tly-aay". Six attaato. W Patordng a halt "undor-owing" tron tho high horizontal ba to a ”hack tly-aay". Six attoata. m Portordng a halt "coat-out" tron aupport, tron tho high horizontal ba to a "tuck fly-any". Six ottoata. a- Tooting ooaaion. Full "coat-out” to a tull "layod-out tly-away". Throo attoato. mm Portorning a throo-quator "coat-out" tron aupport, tron tho high horizontal ba to a "tuck tly-oway". Six ottoato. m Portorning a toll "coat-out" tron oupport, tron tho high horizontal ha to a "tuck tly-away”. Six ottoqta. W Portorning a full "coat-out" tron aupport, tron tho high horizontal ba to a toll "layod-out fly-away". Six attoata. W Tooting ooaaion. Pull "coat-out" to a tull ”layod-out fly-any". Throo attoapto. M Portorning a toll "coat-out" tron oupport. tron tho high horizontal ba to a full "layod-out fly-away”. Six attoato. mm Portorning a full "coat-out" tron oupport, tron tho high horiaontal ba to a tull "layad-out fly-away". Six attoato. W Final toating ooaaion. Pull "coat-out" to o tull "layod-out fly-away". Throo attoata. It night ba notod hora that tho apotting tochniquoa uaod in tho tirat twoaoaaionaantho "pat-nothod"groupwaadonobythouaootahad apotting bolt. Tho root at tho ooaaiono at tho "pat-nothod" group, no wall on all tho ooaaiono of tho "wholo-nothod" group, woro apottod by tho uao at a ovarhoad apotting bolt. Aaaiataco woo only givon whoa it aoonod nocooaay. Statiatical Hothoda Tho rooulto at tho two groupa woro atatiatically coaaod uoing aalyoio ot vaiacol. Toot rooulto tor auccooding triala woro corrolotod by tho rak ordar nothod2.. lawman. 6. n. Wo In York- John may and Sana. pp. 63-98, 1952. 2O'Dcn. 0- w. W- '0' York- mun-3.11, m. "0 162-1“. 19“. CW IV RESULTS Tho ottoctiwonooa at tho two athoda at inatruction, "pat-nothod" voraua "wholo-nathod", woro doth by tho ratinga at tho throo judgoa. Thoro woro no aigniticat dittoroncoa bot-non tin groupa which could bo attributod to tho nothod ot inatructian uaod. Tabla I Analyaia ot Variaca Roaulta Sourco at m EL ii 35; J..— Total 24 4894 Groupa l 33 33 .65 Toata 2 1697 848.5 16.84W Indivichaala 6 2488 414.7 8.22“ Groupa 6- Toot . 2 21 10.5 .21 Error 13 655 50.4 ** P I looo than .01 Tho aubjocta woro aigniticatly dittaont on would bo anpoctod. Both groupa iarovod oigniticatly ovor tho aporinontal poriod, indicating tho training ottocta (Chat III). Sinco noithor tho groupa nor tho groupa n toot intoraction woro atatiatically. aigniticat. nono ot tho dittoracoo obtainod can bo attributad to ay dittarancoa in tho training attboao. 15 orig m N / mum on Uriah mm Aborthi m. ELEV H Data :15 N mmmoom mec. N) ‘ ”ZZ/J/z i/ ajoao SE20 m nm N Wk l0 /7 t,' ’7 v, ,lf/f I I, A oL/{fl/7/////3//Q§f ++mmm®m m N ”J idlll is .2/4 :JQW: .. / low! M a er HHM ov xvi om flu I8! / :3! .1 ,/ A... 8.3.30 1%.... mczamidofi m_m§F<¢2! mm ~./_ 2&328 EH tz<1o ON on 0% on 00. 1.0.4.1.: or om Idfll 17 CHART HI Graph Showing Progrectco of Groups by Their Mean Test Scores i A - GroupI,(whole-me’rhod) 001— l 3 ® - Groupfl, (pdr’r- me’rhod) 95L 85 ~ 80 75:- .7O ‘- '65 _ 60 i 80 75- 3 79. 3 Poim‘s of 60 58-8 Number 55» 50,- o L 1 J— TQST Number 18 It woo thought by tho author that tho "wholo-nothod" group would ohow a narkad dittoronca in tho rooulto at tho tirat two toating ooaaiono, ainco thoy had boon practicing tho wholo atnnt tron tho bogiaing. Thio. hooovor. did not tan placo. Chart III ot tho group'a noon acoroa ohowa that thoro waa no noro vaiaco tha tivo pointa, out ot a poaaiblo hadrod. Thotinaltoatacaroaahowadthatatthoadottrainingthotwo aopaato groupa obtainod opproxinotoly tho aao lovol ot achiovonant. Tho corralationo at tho notching vaiablo with tho throo toot rooulto a wall a initial toot with tinal toot rooulto ao proaontad in Tabla II. Tabla II Gorrolatian at Toot loaulta m 1L :1 . 33... Initial "’" .55 o3]. o51 Tho corrolation at T1 with tho tinal toot T3 in high indicating a cloao rolation with tho final toot rooulto. Tho corrolationo at tho aubjoct'a ranking on tho proroquioito, giat circlo backwado, ao not high. In all caaoa oncopt ono. howovor. thoao who woro rankod high on tho proroquiaito woro alao tho onoo who racaivod tho highoat acoroa in tho tinal toot. Tho ono cooo woo norkodly dittorat, and ainco tho nuaor ot coaoa waa anoll it loworod tho corrolationo can- oidorably. 19 Duo to tho agnitudo at tho corrolotion botwoon T1 ad T3. aalyoio at cavaiaco woo canaidorod ad poaaibly ohould havo boon calculatod. It woo docidod not to calculato tho aalyoio ot covaiaco bocauao at tho oztronaly anoll dittorancoa botwaa groupa in tho aalyoio ot vaiaco rooulto. It woo tho athor'a opinion that thio aalyoio would contributo littlo to tho ovorall rooulto ot tho otudy. 20 ' OMB V sauna, WIN, All) W s-ay Thin otudy wno undatalian to datanina tho attoctivonoaa at toaching tho "tly-away" tron tho horizontal ba by tho "aholo" ad “pat-nothoda" ot inatruction. Bight oubjocta with oono gyaaatic background woro ooloctod, notchad, radonly placod into groupa, and woro than trainod ad toatad. Tho "pat-nathod” ot inatructiau woo coaooad at a aorioo ot progroaaivo otunto with tho progroaaion boing o aaor ot load-up nova- nonta atating tron aialo ad noving to tho wholo. aro coalaz atunt. Tho "wholo-nothod" ot inatruction conoiatod ot allowing tho aubjacta to attoat tho wholo, coalox atunt tron tho vay bogiaing ad to uao no progrooaion what-ao-ovor. Tho training ad touting lootad tor a poriod at aightwooko. At thoandot thio oight-wookporiod, thodatawaro atatiatically troatod uoing aalyoio ot vaiaco. Tho judgnanta woro haaad on torn ad oaalotonoaa ot aocutian. Spocitically, tho critoria tor thocoalatonooa at ozocutionwoa judgodonthorolooao tronthoba, hoight at turn-ova, tho lading, ad gonaral control throughout tho wholo that. Concluaioa No dittaracoa woro tound hotwoan tho "pat" ad "wholo" nathod groupa which could ho attributod to tho nathod at inatruction. P... Wn‘ nay—a ‘fl ”I :an.‘ 21 ikooo-andationa l. Aatudyotthionatao ahouldbacariodoutanthia aao atunt only uoing a dittoront progrooaion ot atunto in tho “pat-nathod" ot inatruction. 2. Aatudyatthia typonhouldhocariodout toralongorpariod attinotodotornino. ottathotwonothodootinatructionhavobaon oaloyod ad tho oubjocto portorn tho "fly-any" without any achaical nanna ot aaoiataca, whathor tho paychological toctor ia oporotivo airing tho patornnnco. 3. A otudy at tho attacta ot "wholo-nathod" voraua "pat-nothod" at inatruction ba attaatod in toaching ot othor coalox atunto on or tron othor apporatua. 4. A otudy that would attoat to tind tho aigniticaco at tho "cary-ovor" voluo that would cono tron ainila atunto on othor appaotua. BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 Buchor, Charla A. to 3 a W. St. Iouia. Tho C. V. Hooby Co. p. 28, 1954. lam. rod. WW- ”York. The Ronald Praaa Co. p. 90, 1957. Comm. homo and Donut-- W- lav York. A. 8. lanoa ad Co. p. 46, 1936. aeolian. c. a. W. luv York. John "11-1 Ind SOBCa Pp. 63-98, 1952. Inch. 6. c. We undon- Jonaa Barrio hooko Linitod. pp. 15-16, 1957. LaPorto, Hillia 9.. ad AlG. nonnor. W. low York. Pratico-llall, Inc. pp. 3-5, 1938. Lokan, Nawton C. ad lobort J. Willoughby. WW. Bnglowood Clitta, low Jaraoy. Prontico-floll, Inc. p. 97. 1959. (Won. c. w. “W. In York. Pt..ti¢.'n‘11. 1.0a P'o 162.16‘. 1946a Lf-J :; -ng . Pa 17. 19“. 38mm. Goats» W- W. Ion. tin. 0. Brown Co. p. 6. 1957. Root. Hilbur D. W. low York. Prontico-llall, Inc. 1 O Dubuquo, Iowa. in: c. Brown Co. PERIODICALS Croaa, T. J. "A Coaoriaon at tho Hholo llathod, tho Minor Ca Hothod, ad tho "halo-Port Hathod ot Toaching Baakatboll to linth-Grodo 301-". W1. 8: 49-54. Duct-bar. 1937. Knapp, C. C. ad U. I. Dixon. "loaning to Juggla: II. A Study at "halo ad Pat Hothodo". W 23: 398-401, Docoaor, 1952. 24 McCloy, C. 1!. 'ho Orgaization ad Taoching at Appaatua Hork ad III-Mina". W 35: 2-6. January. "bro-r1. March, April, 1937. Dbl-roe. We 8. WW. ”Yorke Th- Hacmlla co. p. 822, 1950. . Shay, C. T. "Tho Prograaaiva - Pat Vanna tho Uholo Hathod ot loaning Motor Skilla". W 4: 62-67, Dacoaor, 1934. Hickatron. l. 1.. "A Coaorativo Study at Hothodologioa tor Tooching Gyaaatica ad Mling Stunto". Univoraity at Iowa. 1953. “PUBLISHED “m lionayor, R. "Pat Vanna Hholo uothodo ad lhaaod Voraua Diztributod Proctico in tho loaning ot Solactod Iago lbaclo Activitioa". (Unpubliohod Doctoral Dioaartation, Univoraity ot Southorn Calitornia, 1958.) PRISM “8mm Tokanoto, Hanan. “or at Japaoao Olyaic Toon, 1956 ad 1960. Intar- viowod at Chicago Cyaaatic Clinic, 1961. APPIIDIXMA 26 Row Scoraa ot Group I ad 11 During All Tooting Soaaiouo Group I Praroquiaito tirat Toot Socond Toot Pinol Toot . (pat-nothod) Scoraa Scoroa Scoraa Scoroa Baaaott 85 i 90 93 93 Skinnar 70 65 73 75 Tabb 67.5 35 60 70 Dyko 45 50 75 82 Group II (wholo-nothod) Soao 80 70 75 85 Parod 72 .5 40 65 79 Saaon 65 65 73 79 Snith 50 60 68 74 R0055 USE 0PM 046 5235 31230