SPECEHC AND OVERALL OXYGEN CONSUMPTEGN RATES. EN ACTWATEB SLEDGE MEXEB LEQUOE ‘i"! ’l : mats: goo ‘Eiwe Degree. of M: S. MICSiEAN STATE UNEVERSZTY Ciareuce Jéoim Cole Jr. :97“? _—h‘ “.5! W i 1.? Sinai-{Y . Entigan State University 2*“ . "5‘53 ' ”J‘- . . r. _ -‘ La; I v‘M—b— comp, the tag a efflu to Cl ‘ixed Banal ABSTRACT SPECIFIC AND OVERALL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATES IN.ACTIVATED SLUDGE MIXED LIQUOR BY Clarence John Cole Jr. This thesis deals with the overall and specific oxygen consumption rates as determined from various batches of mixed liquor. The mixed liquor batches were made of return sludge and primary effluent in the ratios of 12h, 1:3, 1:2. and 1:1. Four different activated sludge wastewater treatment plants were tested for this data. Each plant was tested on five different days for the four mixed liquor batches as described above. The suspended solids concentration of the primary effluent and the return sludge was determined so as to be able to compute the initial suspended solids concentration of the various batches of mixed liquor. Also. the overall and specific oxygen consumption rates of the primary effluent and the return sludge were determined in order to calculate the initial oxygen consumption rates in the mixed'liquor. A dissolved oxygen meter with a temperature sensitive electrode placed in the stoppered 250 ml spec Clarence John Cole Jr. Erlenmeyer flask containing the sample was used to determine the overall oxygen consumption rates. The dissolved oxygen meter was then connected to an electric recorder which plotted dissolved oxygen concentration versus time. And the overall oxygen consumption rate was determined by finding the slope of this line. The specific oxygen consumption rate was found by the equation: rr 8 hr x SS rr - overall oxygen consumption rate (mg Oz/l/hr) hr 8 specific oxygen consumption rate (ng 02/3. SS/hr) SS - suspended solids concentration (gm/l) The data obtained from these tests resulted in high initial overall and specific oxygen consumption rates. An increase in suspended solids concentration resulted in an increase in the overall oxygen consumption rate but a decrease in the specific oxygen consumption rate. Theoretically. the rate of supply of oxygen in the aeration tank of an activated sludge treatment plant should be greater than or equal to the sum of the overall oxygen «consumption.rate and the endogenous respiration rate. From the literature, the value of 22. 5 mg 02/l/hr was the rate of oxygen.supply in a typical activated sludge treatment plant. This value fell far below the overall oxygen consumption rates which were found in the plants tested. And from the wastewator treatment plants tested, Clarence John Cole Jr. it appeared obvious that the typical aeration equipment used in such plants could not provide the necessary dissolved oxygen required by the microorganisms to main- tain their maximum respiration rates. Therefore, it seems reasonable to predict that in most typical activated sludge treatment plants. the process is oxygen dependent. Tilda ,. SPECIFIC AND OVERALL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATES IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE MIXED LIQUOR By Clarence John Cole Jr. A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Civil and Sanitary Engineering 1972 Dedicated to Marcia 11 gatha aPP?! lore Rrflti of th ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the personnel at the Grandville. East Lansing. Mason, and Lansing Wastowater Treatment Plants for their friendliness. helpfulness. and oourtoousness while working in their laboratories in gathering the data for this thesis. Without their fully appreciated cOOporation. this work would have been much more difficult. Also, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Schulze for his help in the preparation of this thesis. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Theory of Dissolved Oxygen Electrode Theoretical Considerations Mathematical Relationship Oxidation of Organic Matter METHODS AND PROCEDURES Suspended Solids Determination Calibration of Dissolved Oxygen Meter Oxygen Consumptiqn Rates Four Hour Aeration Time DATA AND RESULTS Data Obtained on January 19. 1972 Data Obtained for the Four Hour Aeration Time, June 6, 1972 DISCUSSION rr and kr As Affected by Recycle Ratio Effects of Aeration Equipment Basic "Rates” in an Activated Sludge Plant iv. GNUile-‘H 10 11 15 l7 l7 27 31 33 35 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDICES Appendix A, City of Grandville Appendix B, City of East Lansing Appendix C. City of mason Appendix D. City of Lansing #0 60 78 98 Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table LIST OF TABLES 1. Return sludge to primary effluent ratios of the various batches of mixed liquor. 2. Dissolved oxygen concentration compared to time for trial number one of RS sample. 3. rr and values of primary effluent and return sludge. h. Initial rr and kr values for various batches of mixed liquor. 5. k and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. 6. rr and k values of primary effluent and return sludge for the four hour aerated sample. ‘ 7. rr and kr values for the mixed liquor aerated for four hours. 8. Range of maximum rr and kr values in the various batches of mixed liquor. A-l-l. Initial kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. A.l—2. r, and kr values for PE and RS. A.l-3. kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. A-2- 1. Initial 1:1. and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. A.2-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS. A.2-3. kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. A-3-l. Initial kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. vi 13 19 21 22 22 27 28 32 no no #1 an an “5 #8 Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Tnblo LIST OF TABLES B-h-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS. B-h-3. k, and r, values for various batches of mixed liquor. 3-5-1. Initial hr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. ' 3-5-2. rr and tr values for PE and 38. 3-5-3. hr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. C-l-l. Initial hr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-1-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS. 0-1-3. and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. C-Z-l. Initial hr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-2-2. _rr and kr values for PE and BS. C-Z-B. hr and rr values for various batChes of mixed liquor. C-3-1. Initial hr and r1‘ values for various batches of mixed liquor. C-3-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS. 0-3-3. and rr values for various batches of mi ed liquor. C-h-l. Initial k, and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. C-h-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS. C-A-B. hr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-5-1. Initial hr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. viii 7O 71 7a 7a 75 78 78 79 82 82 83 86 86 87 90 9O 91 94 Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure A. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure A-l- Figure A-l- Figure A-2- Figure A-2- Figure A-3..1. LIST OF FIGURES Electrode Schematic. Apparatus to measure mixed liquor oxygen consumption rates. Dissolved oxygen concentration versus time for return sludge, trial number 1. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. Specific oxygen consumption rates (k ) versus time for various batches of m xed liquor. Maximum overall (rr ) and specific (kr ) oxygen consumptionr rates versus suspended solids concentration. Specific (kr ) and overall (rr ) oxygen consumptionr rates versus time for mixed liquor batch. lRS:3PE. 1. Overall oxygen consumption rates (Tr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 1. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 12 20 2h 25 26 30 #2 “3 #6 “7 50 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Fuenxre LIST OF FIGURES A-3-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. A-h-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. A-h-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. A-5-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. A-5-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. B-2-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (r ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 8-2-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. B-3-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. ‘ B-3-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates ) versus tine for various batches of mixed liquor. B-n-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. B-u-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. B-S-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. xi 51 5h 55 58 59 6h 65 68 69 72 73 76 ‘tl F1 F1 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure LIST OF FIGURES B-5-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-1-1. Overall oxygen consumption rates (Tr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-1-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-2-1. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-2-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (kr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. C-3-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. C-3-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (hr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. C-h-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. C-h-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 0-5-1. Overall oxygen.oonsumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. C-5-2. Specific oxygen consumption rates (k ) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. D-l-l. Overall oxygen consumption rates (Tr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. xii 77 80 81 8h 85 88 89 92 93 96 97 100 LIST OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT USED. SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE Laboratory_Equipnent Dissolved Oxygen Meter with temperature sensitive electrode-Yellow Springs Instrument Ce.. Inc.. Model 54 Electric Recorder-Bausch and Lamb Wide Mouth 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask Filter Paper and Filtering Apparatus Hot Plate Magnetic Stirrer Thermometers, C DryingVOven Metric Balance Air Diffusers Assorted Glassware §ynbols and Nomenclature ‘ Overall oxygen consumption rate (mg Oz/l/hr) rr kr Specific oxygen consumption rate (mg Oz/gm SS/hr) SS Suspended solids MLSS Mixed liquer suspended solids ‘ t Time D0 Dissolved oxygen PE Primary effluent RS Return sludge ML Mixed liquor xiv INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research is to determine the overall oxygen consumption rate (rr) and the specific oxygen consumption rate (hr) of various concentrations of mixed liquor in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. The data were obtained at four such treatment plants. Specifically. the plants were located at Grandville. East Lansing. Mason. and Lansing. Each plant was tested on five different days to get a representative sampling for the determination of rr and kr values. Four different ratios of return sludge to primary effluent were used in preparing the mixed liquor batches. They were: lzh, 1:3. 1:2. 1:1. This represented recycle ratios of 25%. 33%. 50%. and 100%. Theory of Dissolved Oxygen Electrode A brief discussion of the theory of the dissolved oxygen electrode used for this research is appropriate. The dissolved oxygen motor works on the basis of the measure- ment of the current induced by the reactions at the electrode. This current is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the oxygen. see Figure l. The electrodes are separated from the surrounding solution by Oxygen Teflon Membrane "A?“ lr//1>//// Gold Cathode KCl Electrolyte Electrode Dissolved Oxygen Meter Figure 1. Electrode Schematic And A fl main< salt the 0138 plot Theo: Plant the p the h they 3 a semipermeable teflon membrane and are immersed in a 5N KCl solution. The membrane is permeable for dissolved oxygen and the KCl solution serves as an electrolyte. The reaction produced at-ths anode is: uAg + bCl‘ = hAgCl + be- And the reaction produced at the cathode is: 02 + 2H20 + ue- - 4(OH-) .A flow of water must be provided past the membrane to maintain the concentration gradient between the outside solution and the electrolyte. For the measurement of the oxygen consumption rates rr and hr. the dissolved oxygen meter was connected to an electric recorder which plotted dissolved oxygen concentration versus time. Theoretical Considerations The operation of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant hinges on the operation of its aeration tank. And the primary purpose of the aeration tank is to provide the necessary oxygen for the microorganisms in order-that they may oxidize the organic matter contained in the waste- water. Theoretically. the supply of oxygen provided should be equal to the demand of oxygen by the microorganisms. The oxygen required by the microorganisms is measured by the overall oxygen consumption rate. rr. As early as 1939, Sawyer and Nichols (1) showed that the overall 7‘ 3‘: v X5. 10°C ture. of re denat the “Hit Q Q} u oxygen consumption rate is temperature dependent. and that at any given temperature. the rate of oxygen consumption is dependent on two factors: the sewage concentration or strength measured as BOD or COD and the amount of activated sludge or suspended solids in the mixed liquor. McKinney (6) has stated that general- ly the rate of microorganism growth doubles with every 10°C increase in temperature. up to a limiting tempera- ture. The two processes occurring are the increased rate of reaction due to an increase in temperature and the denaturation of specific proteins at a definite tempera- ture. ‘The denaturation reaction is not significant at low temperatures and the increased rate of reaction dominates. However. as the temperature approaches 35°C. denaturation becomes significant resulting in a zero growth rate of the microorganisms. In the activated sludge process. the return sludge is the source of the microorganisms which oxidize the organic matter. The most significant source of the organic matter is the primary effluent. Since the rate of oxygen consumption is temperature dependent. the samples of return sludge and primary effluent which were used to make up the mixed liquor batches were heated to 23°C and were then maintained at 23 t 1°C. The initial rate of oxygen consumption is primarily due to the oxidation of the carbonaceous material. The magnitude of the oxygen 5 consumption rate is expected to vary from plant to plant and from day to day within a single plant. This is because of the very complex and continuously chang- ing characteristics of the sewage and return sludge at an operating plant. Mathematical Relationship Schulze and Kooistra (5) have stated that the specific oxygen consumption rate (kr) of the bacteria is related to substrate concentration and that this relation can be expressed mathematically. Bacteria are the active ingredient of the sludge floc and therefore the specific oxygen consumption rate (kr) can be used as a parameter to determine the physiological activity of the floc. The overall oxygen consumption rate of the mixed liquor is then dependent on the suspended solids concentration and the specific oxygen consumption rate. rr I hr x SS r - overall oxygen consumption rate (mg Oz/l/hr) hr 3 specific oxygen consumption rate (mg Oz/gm SS/hr) SS - suspended solids concentration (gm/l) This mathematical relationship shows that rr is affected ‘by’both the suspended solids concentration and the Specific oxygen consumption rate. U311 cry: cent e at of t From per \ CORD! CORN equa4 011d: The: 183 Init; Using this formula. kr can be calculated. The dissolved oxygen meter measures the dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) at a given time. As the dissolved oxygen con- centration is recorded by means of an electric recorder. a straight line relationship will result for the length of time for each trial run (usually two to six minutes). From this curve. the slope will represent rr in mg/l per unit time. And knowing the suspended solids concentration of the mixed liquor. the specific oxygen consumption rate (kr) can then be calculated from the, equation. Oxidation of Organic Matter The removal of organic matter by biological oxidation is a three phase process. as described by Eckenfelder (h). Initial removal of substrate as represented in particulate form is by means of adsorption and coagulation. Also. a portion of the soluble organic matter is intially removed by absorption and stored in the cell as a reserve food source. Secondary removal is described as the removal of dissolved organic matter during the aeration process. This results in the synthesis of sludge and the production of carbon dioxide and water. And final removal of organic matter is the oxidation of biological cellular material through endogenous respiration. LiJklema (8) describes endogenous respiration as that 1'65 abSe the Gene 1‘: 8U... From ”lee °r8an BlUdg 01‘ th The E page “tet1 there ‘hd (D to 02 “akin respiration of microorganisms which occurs in the absence of extracellular substrate. During this period. the microorganisms metabolize their own reserves. Generalized equations representing oxidation of the substrate are as follows: Organic matter oxidation 013,015 + 02 - (:02 + 1120 - AH Cell material synthesis (CxHyog) + N33 + 02 8 cells + CO2 + H20 - ASH Cell material oxidation (cells) + 02 - 002 + Hzo + NH3 - £58 A H represents the heat of reaction. From these equations. the important role played by oxygen is evident in the biological oxidation of the organic matter. For the best efficiency in an activated sludge treatment plant. the rate of oxygen supply should be equal to or greater than the rate of oxygen consumption or the process may become oxygen dependent. The microbial growth curve is usually divided into three phases: logarithmic growth. declining growth. and stationary phase. During logarithmic growth. assuming there is an excess of substrate. the rate of metabolism and growth is only limited by the microorganisms ability to oxidize the organic matter. This represents their :maxinun growth rate and the maximum rate at which organic IBt‘. slut not cent matter is being oxidized. However. often in activated sludge treatment plants. this maximum growth rate can not be attained due to limitations in substrate con- centration and in the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The declining growth phase occurs due to the continual removal of organic matter. As this procedes. the process becomes substrate dependent and therefore the rate of bacterial growth declines. No growth occurs when the substrate concentration becomes a minimum and the micro- organisms begin to metabolize their own reserves. This is referred to as endogenous respiration as stated previously. Each list days prime the v tempo aludg 23'c. nixed etch I there IAke 1 retur] findl METHODS AND PROCEDURE Each of the four activated sludge treatment plants. as listed in the introduction. were tested on five different days. On each day. grab samples were taken of both the primary effluent and the return sludge. And from these. the various batches of mixed liquor were made. The temperature of both the primary effluent and return sludge was determined. and both samples were heated to 23°C. so as to maintain a constant temperature of the mixed liquor during the laboratory work. The size of each sample was approximately four liters to insure that there was enough primary effluent and return sludge to make up four batches of mixed liquor using ratios of return sludge to primary effluent of lxh. 1:3. 1:2. and 1:1. Suspended Solids Determination Suspended solids of both the return sludge and primary effluent were determined by means of filtration of a known volume of sample as described in Standard Methods (7). This resulted in the weight of suspended solids per unit volume of sample filtered. Knowing the suspended solids Of both the return sludge and the primary effluent. and the it i in t Cali The air of t: 10 the ratios of each in the various mixed liquor batches. it was possible to calculate the initial suspended solids in the mixed liquor. Calibration of Dissolved Oxygen Meter The dissolved oxygen meter was calibrated each day in air since the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration of the liquid is dependent on temperature and barometric pressure. From Fair. Geyer and Okun (1h). cat the saturation values of dissolved oxygen in fresh water exposed to an atmosphere containing 20.9% oxygen under a pressure of 760 mm of mercury. were obtained for a given temperature. This value was then corrected for barometric pressure. The solubility of dissolved oxygen varies approximately as the ratio of the actual pressure to the standard pressure. As a control. the dissolved oxygen meter was also checked for residual current. This was accomplished by using a water solution saturated with Na2803. which resulted in.a zero dissolved oxygen concentration. The electrode was then placed in this solution which was being stirred by means of a magnetic stirrer. The reading obtained on the dissolved oxygen meter was then the result of residual current. The read- ings ranged from approximately 0.15 to 0.25 mg/l. If llarger readings occurred. this was an indication to re- charge the electrode . Galen: 'ould BerOI‘t 11 Oxygen Consumption Rates After having taken the samples and heating them to 23°C and after calibrating and checking the dissolved oxygen meter for residual current. the primary effluent and the return sludge were checked separately for their overall oxygen consumption rates. rr. The method used to determine overall oxygen consumption rate of the return sludge. primary effluent and the mixed liquor was the same. A 250 ml wide mouth Erlenmeyer flask was filled with the sample. The electrode was then placed in the flask through a rubber stopper to prevent contact with the atmospheric oxygen. and the sample was stirred ‘ by means of a magnetic stirrer to insure a flow of water past the electrode. An electric recorder was then connect- ed to the dissolved oxygen motor which plotted dissolved oxygen concentration versus time. And rr could then be calculated by finding the slepe of that line: the units ‘would be mg/l per unit time. See Figure 2 for diagram. Before placing the electrode in the samples. the samples were aerated for a short period of time to insure a sufficient dissolved oxygen concentration in the sample. Two trials were made on both the return sludge and primary effluent. The various batches of the mixed liquor were tested for overall oxygen consumption rates in the same manner as the primary effluent and. the return sludge. utilizing a 12 Lead To OxygenL/IL’///4r Meter W Thermometer II II II --4—— f‘”2————'Rubber Stopper 250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask \ Electrode Plus Magnetic Temperature Sensor Stirrer fl Figure 2. Apparatus to measure mixed liquor oxygen consumption rates. 1......- ______. - eff] Mme Regs Bea: \ 13 stoppered 250 m1 Erlenmeyer flask. Eckenfelder (h) points out that the bacterial respiration is independent of oxygen concentration when the dissolved oxygen con- centration in the mixed liquor is maintained at a minimum of 0.2 to 0.5 mg/l. Therefore. during the trial rung. of dissolved oxygen depletion as to time for the various mixed liquor batches. the sample drawn off for a particular trial run was not allowed to go beyond this minimum dissolved oxygen concentration. Each mixed liquor batch consisted of a one liter volume. The various volumes of primary effluent and return sludge used to make up these batches were as described in Table 1. Table 1. Return sludge to primary effluent ratios of the various batches of mixed liquor. Mixed Liquor Vol RS vol PE Vol ML ratio RS:PE (211__ i2£1_- .QELL_- 1:“ 200 800 1000 1:3 250 750 1000 1:2 333 667 1000 1:1 500 500 1000 For each batch of mixed liquor. first the primary effluent was added. and then the return sludge. The time of mixing was designated as time zero. All time measurements for that particular mixed liquor batch were measured from that time zero. The mixed liquor batch w 1h was aerated continuously. and at a rate to insure a sufficient dissolved oxygen concentration so that the process was not oxygen dependent. At various time intervals (usually nine trials during thirty minutes). a sample of mixed liquor was drawn off the continuously aerated batch and placed in the 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and checked for overall oxygen consumption rate. Between each trial run. the electrode was placed in a sample of primary effluent which.was not aerated. resulting in a very low dissolved oxygen concentration. When the electrode was then placed in the sample of mixed liquor. a definite breaking point existed where the instrument showed a beginning decrease in dissolved oxygen con- centration. The recorded curve of dissolved oxygen '-concentration~versus time showed this very clearly. For each mixed liquor batch. approximately nine rr values were determined within a thirty minute time interval. This resulted in a fairly well represented curve when plotting overall oxygen consumption rates versus time. For each of the nine trials. the time the sample was drawn off the continuously aerated mixed liquor batch and the length of the time for the trial run were noted. From these times. the average time was used in plotting the overall oxygen consumption rate versus time. The average time being defined as: t (ave) - t1 + (tr/2) 15 t (ave) - average time t1 - initial time. the time the sample was drawn from the mixed liquor tr - length of time for trial run All mixed liquor batches from the four wastewater treat- ment plants were aerated for about thirty minutes which was the elapsed time for the overall oxygen consumption rate determinations. Thirty minutes appeared to be an appropriate time period for the test since after that time the rr values began to approach a stable value. Four Hour Aeration Time A separate mixed liquor batch made up of return sludge and primary effluent from the East Lansing plant was allowed to run for four hours. And from this mixed liquor. oxygen consumption rates were determined. The ratio of return sludge to primary effluent was 1:3. The four hour aeration time made it possible to demonstrate the shape of the rr and k, curves over a four hour aeration time as compared to the normal thirty minutes. Again. suspended solids concentration and r1. ‘values were determined separately on the return sludge and the primary effluent in order to calculate the suspended solids concentration and the initial rr value of the mixed liquor at the time of mixing. The overall oxygen consumption rates for the return sludge. primary effluent and the mixed liquor were determined as before 16 by finding the slope of the line produced by plotting dissolved oxygen concentration versus time. For this experiment. the return sludge. primary effluent and mixed liquor were again maintained at approximately 23°C so as to be able to compare the rr values with those of the previous tests. Approximately eighteen samples were taken for the overall oxygen consumption rate determinations during the four hour aeration time. This resulted in a fairly well represented curve when plotting oxygen consumption rates versus time. DATA AND RESULTS Since all the data collected from the various plants proved to be similar. although varying in magnitude. one typical example is given to represent the calculations and the curves necessary to illustrate the results. The remaining data are presented as tables and curves in the appendix. Data obtained at the East Lansing Wastewater Treatment Plant on January 19. 1972 are used as the example . Also illustrated will be that sample of the East Lansing plant for which a four hour aeration period was used. The date of this test was June 6. 1972. Data Obtained on January 19. 1972 Samples taken: 2:15 p.m. Temperature of samples: 16°C Samples heated to 23°C Calibration of Dissolved Oxygen Meter Temperature = Zh'C Cs 8 8.3 mg/l at 760 mm Mercury Cs 8 8.3 x 7&0/760 s 8.07 mg/l 17 ‘11 (I) 18 Residual Current Using NaZSOB. residual current = 0.2 mg/l Suspended Solids Determinations Return Sludge Trial No. 1 Filter + SS 22h.3 mg Filter 102.3 mg Volume 20 ml Trial No. 2 22h.8 mg 101.8 mg 20 ml 122.0 mg/20 m1 123.0 mg/20 ml Trial No. 1: SS 3 122.0 mg/ZO ml x 1000 ml/l x gm/lOOO mg a 6.10 gm/l Trial No. 2: SS 8 123.0 mg/ZO m1 1 1000 ml/l x gm/lOOO mg 8 6.15 gm/l SS ave. a 6.12 gm/l Primary Effluent Trial No. 1 Filter + SS 10h.8 mg Filter 103.5 ms Volume 20 ml 1.3 ms/zo ml Trial No. 2 105.5 mg 10h.7 mg 20 ml 0.8 mg/20 ml Trial No. 1: es s 1.3 ns/zo .1 x 1ooog-1/1 x gm/lOOO mg = .065 sm/l Trial N0. 2: SS 8 0.8 mg/ZO II x 1000 ml/l x gm/lOOO mg a .Oho gm/l SS ave. I .053 gm/l 19 Suspended Solids of Mixed Liquor Sample Calculation of lzh Mixture RS .2 x 6.12 gm/l a 1.22b gm PE .8 x .035 gm/l a 0.0h2 gm 1.0 1.266 gm MLSS a 1.266 gm/l Calculation of rr and kr Note: A sample calculation of rr and kr for trial No. l of the return sludge will be illustrated in detail. All other rr and kr values will be tabulated since they were found in the same manner. Table 2. Dissolved oxygen.concentration comparédfté; time for-trial number one of RS sample. Time (min) a no Conc. (mall) 0 u.u 1 3.5 2 2.6 3 1.7 From Figure No. 3. r1. = x/ y :-r - (3.9 - 1.9)/(0.5 - 2.75) = .89 ms/l/hin rr - .89 mg/l/min x 60 min/hr = 53.u mg/l/hr rr - hr x 88 hr = rr/SS kr - (53.“ ms/I/hr)/(6.12 sn/l) kr - 8.7 ns/sm SS/hr 20 Dissolved Oxygen Conc. (Is 02/1) l l l l 1 2 3 # Time (min) Figure 3. Dissolved oxygen concentration versus time for return sludge. trial number 1. 21 Table 3. rr and kl values of primary effluent and return 3 udge. Trial No. rrimg Og[1/hr) kr(mg Op/gm SS/hr) PE 1 “.2 79.2 2 h.8 90.6 RS 1 53.“ 8.7 2 “3.0 7.0 Primary effluent: rr ave. = #.5 mg 02/l/hr kr ave. 8 8b.9 mg 02/gm SS/hr Return sludge: rr ave. a “8.2 mg 02/1/hr kr ave. = 7.9 mg Oz/gm SS/hr Calculation of initial rr and kr values at time zero. Note: A sample calculation for initial rr and k1. values will be illustrated for the l:h mixture. §§ k ave) 3; Return sludge: .2 x 6.12 a 1.22h x 7.9 I 9.6? Primary Effluent: .8 x .093 = éggg_ x 84.9 = 12.56 1.266 13.23 Initial r1. . 13.23 mg 02/1/11:- Initial k1. = 13,23 8 10.#5 mg Oz/gm SS/hr 1.266 22 Table h. Initial ri and kr values for various batches i of mixed quor. Mixture SS(gm(l) {3;t8:}g:’ SS/hr) {3;t0:}1zfir) lzh 1.266 10.h5 13.23 1:3 1.569 9.83 15.h3 1:2 2.05“ 9.23 18.96 1:1 3.086 8.57 26.00 Table 5. k and r1. values for various batches of m xed liquor. Mixture Trial No. (mg 02/1Zhr) ?;1n$::8)k(mg Oz/gm SS/hr) 1:“ 1 81.0 1315 64.0 2 69.0 3:08 5#.5 3 60.0 hzhs 07.u M 63.0 6:52 “9.8 5 50.0 9:30 02.6 6 “5.0 12:00 35.5 7 33.0 16:15 26.1 8 30.0 21:15 23.7 9 20.0 26:22 19.0 1:3 1 96.0 1:15 61.2 2 8h.0 3:22 53.5 3 66.0 5:15 ”2.1 h 60.0 7830 38.2 5 39.0 9:52 2b.9 6 39.0 11:30 2h.9 23 Table 5 (con'd.) Mixture Trial No. {Egop/l/hr) 1325?:23) ¥gg02/gm SS[hr) 1:3 7 36.0 16:55 23.0 8 30.0 21:“5 19.1 9 27.0 26:52 17.2 1:2 1 111.0 1:15 50.0 2 81.0 3:22 39.“ 3 60.0 5:30 29.2 b 08.0 8:00 23.h 5 36.0 10:30 17.5 6 33.0 13:15 16.1 7 30.0 16:15 10.6 8 20.0 21:22 11.7 9 24.0 26:22 11.7 1:1 1 123.0 1:15 39.9 2 72.0 3:00 23.3 3 63.0 5:00 20.0 h 54.0 7:30 17.5 5 36.0 10:00 11.7 6 36.0 12:37 11.7 7 33.0 16:07 10.7 8 33.0 21:07 10.7 9 30.0 26:15 9.7 24 100 — East Lansing. January 19. 1972 130 — Legend: oo<> 1RS:1PE, SS 3 3.086 gn/l Mg lRS:2PE. ss = 2.054 gm/l Ugo 1RS:3PE, 33 = 1.569 gm/l ° iBS:bPE. 33 a 1.266 gm/l 120 —/: 1RS:1PE 110 1RS:2PE 100 1RS:3PE 1RS:hPE I l l I I . 5 1o 15 20 25 Time (min) Figure 0. Overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 25 East Lansing. January 19. 1972 3.086 gm/l 2.05“ gm/l 70 P Legend: 000 IRS:1PE. SS AAA IRS:2PE. 33 non 138:3PE. SS I 1.569 gm/l a: 1.266 gm/l 65 - ooo 1Rs:uPE. ss r (us 02 gm hr) 13$:1PE l 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min) Figure 5. Specific oxygen consumption rates (hr) versus time for various batches of mixed liquor. 26 East Lansing. January 19. 1972 160 - a 120 150 - :- 110 100 - ‘ 100 130 a 90 rr120 a kio (I8 02/ (ms 02/sm SS/hr) 110 - 70 100 ‘— 60 90 :- 50 80 .— no 70 - 30 6o - a 20 50 r _ 10 J l l I 1 2 . 3 h Suspended Solids Concentration (gm/1) Figure 6. Maximum overall (rr) and specific (kr) oxygen consumption rates versus suspended solids concentration. 27 As mentioned previously. the data given are for one day's test at the East Lansing plant. The data for the other day's tests and for the other plants are presented in the appendix. Data Obtained for the Four Hour Aeration Time. June 6. 1972 The following data are for the mixed liquor sample from the East Lansing Wastewater Treatment Plant which was aerated for four hours. The methods used to evaluate) rr. hr and suspended solids are as previously illustrated. so the details will be omitted. Samples taken #:00 p.m. Temperature of samples: 22°C Samples heated to 23°C Calibrate D0 Meter: C8 = 7.h9 mg/l Residual Current 3 0.2 mg/l Return Sludge: SS Ave. B 8.00 gm/l ~Primary Effluent: SS Ave. = 0.028 gm/l Table 6. rr and k1 values of primary effluent and return 3 udge fer the four hour aerated sample. Trial No. r..(mg 02/1/1119 was 01/51: SS/hr) PE 1 0.6 21.h 2 0.6 21.“ RS 1 27.0 3.2 2 27.0 3.2 of ‘1 ( ”n+1” 28 Primary Effluent: rr ave. = 0.6 mg 02/1/hr kr ave. = 21.0 mg 02/gm SS/hr Return Sludge: rr ave. I 27.0 mg Oz/l/hr , kr ave. = 3.2 mg Oz/gm SS/hr The mixed liquor batch was made of a ratio of return sludge to primary effluent of 1:3. MLSS I 2.03 gm/l Initial rr I 6.86 mg 02/l/hr Initial kr I 3.38 mg 02/gm SS/hr Table 7. rr and kr values for the mixed liquor aerated for four hours. rr Ave.Time kr Trial No. (mg Og/l/hr) (minzsec) (mg Og/gm SS/hr) 1 99.0 1:22 “8.8 2 87.0 3:“5 "2.9 3 63.0 6:30 31.0 h 45.0 9:30 22.2 5 36.0 13:15 17.7 6 36.0 16:95 17.7 7 33.0 20:h5 16.3 8 27.0 26:00 13.3 9 27.0 06:00 13.3 10 18.0 6bz00 8.9 11 15.0 82:30 7.” 12 15.0 96:30 7.4 13 15.0 109:00 7.0 29 Table 7 (con'd.) rr Ave.Time kr Trial N0. (mg 02/1/hr) (min:sec) (mg Og/gm SSZhr) lb 15.0 126:00 7.“ 15 15.0 153:30 7.“ 16 12.0 187:00 5.9 17 9.0 215:15 h.“ 18 9.0 2h5z30 “.0 The above data for the rr and kr values as listed in Table 7 are presented graphically in Figure 7. (Quartz/I03» II: “TCQBQA a- .mamummH .copwn aoscwa means new mass namaop mouse cowpaesmcoo :cmon “an. HHeao>o was Aaxv oahwooam .5 oaauwm Amazon. eBay a «\H m m ~\H N N ~\H a a «\H q _ _ a _ _ _ _ < o is w o “e e .6 a mwaase HaapacH In» 0 : c o 10! D o o X...“ a)”: sewn 00 27v // 90.... m/ U. 31. 0 Sl.‘ 3 w u. H\ee mo.~ «chasm eueeeamsm eoeeaa eoxnz nosam> x 000 sodas» an 000 spasms IUHH Ll rate lqul of t one‘ larg the numt 07¢} COP 1T5 SIJ Ma. Ce DISCUSSION The graphs of specific and overall oxygen consumption rates versus time indicate the situation in the mixed liquor. From the data it is evident that the rr value of the primary effluent increased from trial number one to trial number two. This is due to the relatively large amount of substrate in the primary effluent and the small number of bacteria. As time passed. the number of bacteria increased and therefore also. the overall oxygen consumption rate. rr. The opposite is true for the return sludge where rr decreases from trial number one to trial number two. This is because of the low concentration of substrate and the large concentration of bacteria. Food soom becomes a limit- ing factor and therefore causes a decrease in rr. Sludge growth and substrate removal are based on the mass transfer of essential foods into the microbial cell and the utilization of these foods for energy. The graphs of rr and kr show that the initial respiration rates are high. The rr curve represents the overall oxygen consumption rate and the kr curve represents the physiological activity of the sludge floc which 31 3 0011‘ the ran batJ Tab: Elie cc.r 1:0 1:3 1:2 1:1 1 Hire 6:: . lzb 1=3 1:2 1:1 Tab: the the :11_ 303 P15 32 contains the bacteria utilized in the oxidation of the organic matter. From all the various tests. the range of the rr and kr values for each mixed liquor batch from the four treatment plants are as follows: Table 8. Range of maximum rr and k values in the various batches of 1‘mixed liquor. Mixed Liquor SS (gm/l) Max. rr Range Max. kr Range RS:PE Ratio Range (mg Opll/hr) (mg Oz/gm SS/h_) 1:9 1.01-2.9h 39-120 18.0-80.0 1:3 1.20-3.66 51-138 20.0-80.2 1:2 1.63-0.80 08-162 15.8-66.h 1:1 2.00-7.22 57-189 12.3-57.8 Mixed Liquor 83 (gm/l) Max. Aver Max. Ave. kr RS:PE Ratio Range (mg 09/1/gr) (mg 02/gm rS_/hr) 1:0 1.01-2.90 89.7 51.0 1:3 1.29-3.66 100.2 46.6 1:2. 1.63-0.80 112.3 39.9 1:1 2.94-7.22 133.1 31.5 Table 8 lists the range of maximum rr and kr values and the averages for the four treatment plants tested on the various days. The average values are a result of all the maximum values obtained during the tests. not Just an average of the range. The wide range of maximum rr and kr values indicates the many differences found from plant to plant and the differences within each plant on a day to day basis. The most significant 33 reasons for this wide range are the suspended solids concentration on each particular day and the amount of substrate available for oxidation. Figure 6 indicates the effect of suspended solids concentration on the maximum rr and tr values. A higher mixed liquor suspended solids concentration indicates a higher recycle ratio which means more dilution of the primary effluent with the return sludge. And an increase in mixed liquor suspended solids results in an increase in the overall oxygen consumption rates (rr) with a corresponding decrease in the specific oxygen consumption rate (kr). The equation rr I kr x SS holds. Since temperature was kept constant (1 l C). it did not great- ly affect the results. rr And kr As Affected by Recycle Ratio Since the inflow of sewage is variable in terms of hydraulics and materials concentration. wide differences in rr values for a given mixed liquor ratio can be expect- ed from grab samples of return sludge and primary effluent. The sample graphs of rr and kr versus time (as shown in Figures No. 0 and 5) indicate the relationship between rr and tr as affected by the suspended solids concentration or recycle ratio. The specific and overall oxygen consumption rates will vary with the time of aeration. The magnitude of these values depends on.the concentration of t con: conc at f The _ tho: con: the :01 in the| 8011 of 1 Mix: of: 30 of the suspended solids in the mixed liquor and on the concentration of the substrate. Initially the substrate concentration is at its maximum and correspondingly at this point. the maximum rr or kr value is reached. The magnitude of this maximum rr value is clearly ‘shown to be dependent on the suspended solids concentration. The reason for this is the fact that the mass of bacteria are contained in the suspended solids and an increase in suspended solids results in an.increase in bacteria. As stated previously. the most significant factor determining the suspended solids concentration of the mixed liquor is the amount of return sludge employed in making up the batch of mixed liquor. Therefore. for high concentrations of suspended solids.the overall oxygen consumption rate is high due to the oxidation of the organic matter. As the sludge concentration decreases (1:0 mixture). the overall oxygen consumption rate decreases due to a smaller number of bacteria available to oxidize the organic matter. However. the opposite is true of the specific oxygen consumption rate. kr. As the suspended solids concentration is increased up to the 1:1 mixture. the maximum k, values decrease. The reason for this decrease is the fact that kr measures the physiological activity of the bacteria. And as the concentration of the suspended solids increases. the initial substrate v. v.7 yam—In w ”4 com in: bad eff: max- equ TM 89 . rat rat min rec in rat ”l mu 91‘ 35 concentration of the mixed liquor decreases. resulting in a decrease of the physiological activity of the bacteria. Effects of Aeration Equipment From Table 8 showing the average maximum rr and k1. values for the various batches of mixed liquor. it is obvious that the aeration equipment in.most of the existing treatment plants can.not meet the overall oxygen consumption rates as required for maximum efficiency. Schulze and Kooistra (5) indicate the maximum rate of oxygen supply for diffused aeration equipment at the East Lansing Plant was 22.5 mg 02/1/hr. This value falls far short of the average value of 89.7 mg Oz/l/hr for the overall oxygen consumption rate found for the various plants using a lRS:nPE ratio for the mixed liquor. It even falls short of the minimum value obtained for this same mixed liquor batch. And the mixed liquor batch of 1383hPE represents a recycle ratio of 25% which is certainly not excessive in.most treatment plant operations. As the recycle ratio is increased. a rate of oxygen supply of 22.5 mg 02/l/hr becomes farther removed from the overall oxygen consumption rate which theoretically should be met. Therefore. it is evident that many if not most of the existing activated sludge treatment plants are If t beco on: the Besi 3T0w1 ‘0 t1 36 are operating under insufficient rates of oxygen supply. If this is the case. dissolved oxygen concentration becomes the limiting factor and vastly reduces the oxygen.consumption rates and therefore also decreases the rate of removal of the substrate. Basic "Rates" in an Activated Sludge Plant LiJklema (8) states that the oxygen necessary for waste- water purification is the sum of the overall oxygen consumption.rate or substrate respiration rate and the endogenous respiration rate. From Figures 0 and 5 show- ing rr and tr values versus time. it is seen that within thirty minutes the process becomes fairly stable as the microorganisms approach the endogenous respiration level. This is more clearly shown in Figure 7*where curves for a four hour aeration time are shown. This curve demonstrates that after four hours. the rr and k, values are below 10. In general. the activated sludge process is primarily concerned with the respiration and metabolism of aerobic bacteria as they decompose the organic matter in solution. The process consists of the transfer of nutrients. both carbonaceous and inorganic compounds required for cell growth found in thesubstrate and of dissolved oxygen to the bacterial cell for removal of waste products. 37 Oxygen is dissolved in the waste liquid from the atmosphere or from other sources such as diffusers. The microorganisms tend to floc into masses many times the size of individual bacterial cells thus causing the separation of the cells from the treated waste liquid as required in the final settling tank. The bacteria respiration. the transfer of nutrients. and the dissolution of oxygen into the waste liquid should all be considered as rates. In an activated sludge plant. man has no control over the natural maximum attainable respiration rates of bacteria and therefore this should be designed as the limiting-factor in a treatment plant. If the transfer of nutrients and the dissolution of oxygen.can be maintained at rates sufficient to meet the high respiration rates of bacteria as indicated from the graphs. the activated sludge process would be more efficient in substrate removal and require less time for treatment. Kalinske (10) states that often the transfer of nutrients through bacterial matrices of floc is by molecular diffusion and can be quite slow. thus becoming the controlling rate in the process. But he states that the disintegration of these matrices can be attained by agitation. This controlled agitation produces micro-turbulence which is essential for obtain- ing maximum transfer rates of oxygen and nutrients to the cell surface. BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Sawyer. C. N.. and Nichols. M. 3.. "Activated Sludge Oxidations 1. Oxygen Utilization Factors.” Sewage Works Journal. 11. 51 (January. 1939). Sawyer. C. N.. and Nichols. M. 8.. "Activated Sludge Oxidations II. A Comparison of Oxygen Utilization by Activated Sludges from Four Wisconsin Munici alities." Sewage Works Journal. 11. #62 (January. 1939 . Sawyer. C. N.. "Activated Sludge Oxidations III. Factors Involved in Prolonging the Initial High Rate of Oxygen Utilization by Activated Sludge- Sewage Mixtures." Sewage Works Journal. 11. 595 (January 1939 ) . Eckenfelder. W. W. Jr.. and O'Connor. D. J.. "Biological Waste Treatment." Pergamon Press. New York. N. I. (1961). Schulze. K. L.. and Kooistra. R. D.. “Oxygen Demand and Supply in an.Activated Sludge Plant.” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation (October. 1969). McKinney. R. E.. "Microbiology for Sanitary Engineers." McGraw Hill Book Company. Inc. (1962). “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and. Wastewater.” 12th Edition; American Public Health Association. New York. N. Y. (1965). LiJklema. L.. "Factors Affecting pH Change in .Alkaline Waste Water Treatment. 11 Carbon Dioxide Production.” Water Research. New York. 5: 123-lh2. April. 1971. Ahrens. W. G. et al.. "Field Studies of Oxygen Utilization in High Rate Activated Sludge." Transactions of the Eighteenth Annual Conference on Sanitary Engineering. University of Kansas. figllitgg of Engineering and Architecture. No. 58. 0 9 o 38 10. 11. 12, 13. lb. 10. 11. 12. 13. lb. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kalinske. A. A.. ”Effect of Dissolved Oxygen and Substrate Concentration on the Uptake Rate of Microbial Suspensions.” Water Pollution Control Federation Journal. 14. 73-80 (January. 1971) Anderson. D. R.. and Hurd. M.. "Study of Complete Mixing Activated Sludge System." Water Pollution Control Federation Journal. In. h22-h32 (March. 1971). Smith. D. B.. "Measurements of the Respiratory Activity of Activated Sludge.“ Sewage and Industrial Water. 25. 767: 1953. Langmuir. I. S.. "Respiration Rate of Bacteria as a Function of Oxygen Consumption." Biochem. Journal (British). 57: 81-87 (1950). Fair. G. M.. Geyer. J. C.. Okun. D. A.. "Water and Wastewater Engineering Volume 2." Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment and Disposal. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.. New York. London. Sydney (1950). 39 APPENDICES APPENDIX A City of Grandville Tested on five different days between the dates of December 10. 1971 and December 30. 1971. 40 Appendix A-l City of Grandville December 10. 1971 Time Samples Taken: 12:30 p.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C, I 8.07 ns/1 Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. I 9.52 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. I 0.36 gm/l Table A-l-l. Initial kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial r - Mixture 83152412 (ma 02/31: SS/hr) (ms cal/fir) 1:h 2.19 12.2 26.8 1:3 2.65 11.7 31.1 1:2 3.38 11.1 37.7 1:1 “.9“ 10.0 “9.0 Table A-l-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. r=(gg Og/llhr) kr(mg.02/gm SS/hr) PE 1 9.6 26.6 2 10.0 28.9 RS 1 102.0 10.7 2 87.0 9.1 91 Appendix A-l Table A-1-3. kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time Mixture Trial No. (mg Oz/l/hr) (minzsec) (mg Oz/gm SS/hr) 1:9 1 63.0 1:37 28.? 2 7.0 3:07 26.5 3 8.0 5:56 21.9 9 51.0 7852 23.3 5 36.0 10:17 16.9 6 36.0 12:35 16.9 7 30.0 16:15 13.7 8 30.0 21:30 13.7 1:3 1 66.0 1:30 28.? 2 66.0 3:55 28.? z 9.0 6:22 20.9 5.0 9:07 17.0 5 39.0 11:37 19.7 6 30.0 16:07 11.9 7 30.0 21:17 11.9 8 30.0 26:22 11.9 1:2 1 75.0 1:95 22.2 2 72.0 3:95 21.3 R 1.0 5:50 1 .08 8.0 8:20 1 .2 5 39.0 10:95 11.5 6 36.0 13:90 10.6 7 92.0 17:07 12.9 8 33.0 23395 9.8 1:1 1 93.0 1:15 18.8 2 69.0 3:25 19.0 2 72.0 5:22 19.6 51.0 7:50 10.3 5 57.0 10:15 11.5 6 7.0 12:52 11.5 7 8.0 15:30 9.7 8 95.0 19:22 9.1 9 30.0 26:25 6.1 99 Appendix A-2 City of Grandville December 13. 1971 Time Samples Taken: 11:30 a.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C 08 . 8.17 ms/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. I 10.92 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. I 0.21 gm/l Table A-Z-l. Initial kit and rr values for various batches 0 mixed liquor. Mixture SS(SM/1) 1::t927sirSS/hr) {32t02217§r) 1:9 2.29 10.8 29.9 1:3 2.75 10.9 28.6 1:2 3.57 10.1 35.9 1:1 5.31 9.6 51.0 Table A-2-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. r3125 Ozllghr) kajmg OZng SS/hr) PE 1 6.6 31.92 2 7.8 31.19 RS 1 99.0 9.5 2 93.0 8.9 95 Appendix.A-2 Table A-2-3. k and rr values for various batches 0; mixed liquor. Ave. Time Mixture Trial No. (mg Op/l/hr) (minxsec) (mg Og/gm SS/hr) 1:9 1 66.0 1:37 29.5 2 75.0 3:15 33.5 g 72.0 5:00 32.1 31.0 7:07 22.8 5 2.0 9:22 18.7 6 39.0 13:52 17.9 7 33.0 21:22 19.7 1:3 1 66.0 1:07 29.0 2 81.0 2:95 29.9 B 66.0 9. 95 29.0 31.0 6:52 18.3 5 8.0 9:17 17. 6 92.0 13:00 15.3 7 33.0 15:52 12.0 8 30.0 23:07 10.9 1:2 1 90.0 1:07 25.2 2 75.0 2:52 21.0 3 60.0 9: 52 16.8 9 66.0 6:52 18.5 5 98.0 8: 237 13.9 6 1.0 2:32 19.3 7 5.0 19:512.6 8 36.0 23:00 10.1 1:1 1 108.0 1:07 20.3 2 96.0 $32 18.1 ‘3 66.0 12.9 9 72.0 fig 13.5 6 63.0 10: 5 11.9 7 69.0 12:38 13.0 8 98.0 16:00 9.0 9 1.0 21:00 9.6 10 8.0 26:00 9.0 City of Grandville December 22. 1971 Time Samples Taken: 98 Appendix A-3 11:30 a.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C, I 8. Suspended Solids: 0? ms/l Return Sludge. SS Ave. I 10.15 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. I 0.12 gm/l .--.. 2222:: 2- :“ __:__._ 22:21.; 23:82:22..) 2:22:22.) 1:9 2.12 11.0 23.3 1:3 2.65 10.6 28.0 1:2 3.92 10.1 39.5 1:1 5.13 9.5 98.9 Table A-3-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. r.(mg 02/11hr) :r(ms.92/sm SS/hr) PE 1 6.6 55.0 2 6.6 55.0 RS 1 99.0 9.75 2 89.0 8.27 99 Appendix A-3 Table A-3-3. kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. rr Ave.Time kr Mixture Trial No. (mg 02/1/hr) (min:sec) (mg Oglgm SS/hr) 1:9 1 39.0 1:15 18.9 2 39.0 3:22 18.9 3 35.0 5:22 17.0 4 33.0 7355 15.6 5 33.0 10:07 15.6 6 30.0 13:15 19.1 7 30.0 16:07 19.1 8 27.0 21:30 12.7 9 29.0 26:15 11.3 1:3 1 59.0 1:25 20.9 2 98.0 3:52 18.1 3 36.0 5:52 13.6 9 36.0 8:00 13.6 5 36.0 10:95 13.6 6 30.0 13:30 11.3 7 30.0 16:15 11.3 8 29.0 21:52 9.1 9 29.0 26:30 9.1 1:2 1 59.0 1:25 1 .8 2 1.0 3:30 1 .9 3 8.0 6:00 19.0 9 95.0 8:25 13.1 5 95.0 11:07 13.1 6 36.0 13:30 10.5 7 36.0 16:07 10.5 8 29.0 21:22 7.0 9 27.0 26:95 7.9 1:1 1 63.0 1:30 12.3 2 63.0 3:15 12.3 3 59.0 5:30 10.5 9 1.0 7:52 9.9 5 2.0 10:00 8.2 6 95.0 12:30 8.7 7 36.0 16:22 7.0 8 36.0 21:15 7.0 9 36.0 26:37 7.0 52 Appendix A-9 City of Grandville December 29. 1971 Time Samples Taken: 11:15 a.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 I 8.07 ms/1 Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. = 8.39 Sm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.07 gm/l Table A-9-1. Initial kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Mixture SS(gm/1) fggt027gfirSS/hr) {2:t02717fir) 1:9 1.72 6.9 11.0 1:3 2.19 6.0 12.8 1:2 2.80 5.9 15.0 1:1 9.22 9.8 20.3 Table A-9-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. rr(mg 09/1/hr) kr(mg Oz/gm SS/hr) PE 1 5.9 77.1 2 5.9 77.1 RS 1 39.0 9.69 2 33.0 3.93 53 Appendix A-9 Table A-9-3. k and r, values for various batches 0; mixed liquor. Ave. Time Mixture Trial No. (mg Gall/hr) (min: sec) (mg OZ/gm SS/hrl 1:9 1 95.0 1:22 26.2 2 39.0 3:15 22.7 3 29.0 5:22 13.9 9 30.0 7:30 17.9 5 29.0 10:15 13.9 6 21.0 13:15 12.2 7 21.0 16:22 12.2 8 21.0 21:30 12.2 9 18.0 26:37 10.5 1:3 1 51.0 1:22 23.8 2 33.0 3: 22 15.9 a 29.0 6:15 11.2 21.0 8:37 9.8 5 18.0 11:15 8.9 6 21.0 13:37 9.8 7 21.0 16: 15 9.8 8 18.0 21:52 8.9 .9 15.0 26: 95 7.0 1:2 1 98.0 1:22 17.1 2 36.0 3:37 12.8 3 27.0 6:07 9.6 9 21.0 8:37 7.3 5 18.0 11:07 6. 6 15.0 13:37 5.9 7 18.0 16:15 6.9 8 18.0 21:30 6.9 9 18.0 27:00 6.9 1:1 1 57.0 1:15 13.5 2 39.0 3:37 9.2 3 36.0 5:37 8.5 9 27.0 8:15 6.9 5 29.0 10: 37 5.7 6 27.0 13: 15 6.9 7 29.0 16:52 5.7 8 15.0 22:07 3.6 9 15.0 27:13 3.6 —.-. B. 56 Appendix A-5 City of Grandville December 30. 1971 Time Samples Taken: 12:00 Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 8.07 ns/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. I 9.71 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. I 0.29 gm/l Table A-5-l. Initial kF and r1. values for various batches 0 mixed rliquor. Mixture SS(gm/l) fgétggig:r SS/hr) 7::t0271/fir: 1:9 2.13 11.1 23.6 1:3 2.60 10.5 27.3 1:2 3.36 9.9 33.3 1:1 9.97 9.3 96.0 Table A-5-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. !r(m8 09/1/hr) krims 02/8! SSZhr) PE 1 8.9 35.0 2 9.0 37.5 RS 1 87.0 8.9 2 81.0 8.3 57 Appendix A-5 Table A-5-3. kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. rr Ave.Time kr Mixture Trial No. (mg Oz/l/hr) (minzsec) (mg Og/gm SS/hr) 1:9 1 66.0 1:22 31.0 2 98.0 3:22 22.5 3 92.0 5:22 19.7 9 39.0 7:37 18.3 5 33.0 10:07 13.5 6 30.0 12:37 1 .1 7 30.0 16:30 19.1 8 29.0 21:37 11.3 9 29.0 26:30 11.3 1:3 1 63.0 1:15 29.2 2 59.0 3:22 20.8 3 36.0 5:37 13.8 9 30.0 8:00 11.5 5 27.0 10:37 10.9 6 30.0 13:07 11.5 7 27.0 16:22 10.9 8 27.0 21:37 10.9 9 29.0 26:37 9.2 1:2 1 63.0 1:15 18.7 2 59.0 3:30 16.1 3 92.0 5:37 12.5 9 33.0 8:07 9.8 5 27.0 10:37 8.0 6 30.0 13:07 8.9 7 30.0 16:22 8.9 8 29.0 21:37 7.1 9 29.0 26: 5 7.1 1:1 1 69.0 1:22 13.9 2 98.0 3:30 9.6 3 95.0 5352 9.1 9 39.0 8:30 7.8 5 33.0 11:37 6.6 6 33.0 19:15 6.6 7 33.0 16:52 6.6 8 36.0 21:30 7.2 9 27.0 26:95 5.9 APPENDIX B City of East Lansing Tested on five different days between the dates of January 19, 1972 and February 2. 1972. 60 Appendix B-l City of East Lansing January 19. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 2:15 p.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 8.0? m8/1 Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. = 6.12 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.053 gm/l Table B-l-l. Initial kr and r, values for various batches of mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial r Mixture 83(52112 (m5 Qp/gm SS/hr) (mg Op/l/fir) 1:h 1.266 10.07 13.3 1:3 1.569 9.83 15.“ 1:2 2.05“ 9.23 19.0 1:1 3.086 8.57 26.0 Table 3.1.2. rr and k, values for PE and RS Trial No. r,(mg 02/1/hr) kr(mg Og/gm ssjhr) PE 1 h.2 79.28 2 h.8 ‘ 90.57 BS 1 50.0 8.82 2 h3.0 7.03 61 Appendix B-1 Table B-1-3. kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. rr Ave. Time k1. Mixture Trial No. (m3 09[l[hr) (min: sec) (mg_02[gm SSZhr) 1:0 1 81.0 1:15 60.0 2 69.0 3:08 50.5 3 60.0 0:05 07.4 0 63.0 6:52 09.8 5 50.0 9:30 02.6 6 05.0 12:00 35.5 7 33.0 16:15 26.1 8 30.0 21:15 23.7 9 20.0 26:22 19.0 1:3 1 96.01:15 61.2 2 80.0 3:22 53.5 3 66.0 5:15 02.1 0 60.0 7:30 38.2 ' 5 39.0 9’52 2h-9 6 39.0 11: 30 20.9 7 36.0 16:15 23.0 8 30.0 21:05 19.1 9 27.0 26: '52 17.2 1:2 1 111 0 1: 15 50.0 2 81.0 3:22 39.0 3 60.0 5:30 29.2 0 08.0 8:00 23.0 5 36.0 10:30 17.5 6 33.0 13:15 16.1 7 30.0 16:15 10.6 8 20.0 21:22 11.7 9 20.0 26:22 11.7 1:1 1 123.0 1: 15 39.9 2 72.0 33 00 23.3 3 63.0 5:00 20.0 0 50.0 7:30 17.5 5 36.0 10:00 11.7 .6 36.0 12:37 11.7 7 33.0 16:07 10.7 8 33.0 21:07 10.7 9 30.0 26:15 9.7 62 Appendix B-2 City of East Lansing January 25, 1972 Time Samples Taken: 3:00 p.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 8 8.07 ms/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. = 6.00 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.090 gm/l Table B-2-l. Initial kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial rr 5122223 §§152111 (m8.02/8m SS/hr) (ms Oz/l/hr). 1:0 1.28 9.62 1 12.3 123 1.53 9.39 10.8 1:2 2.05 9.07 18.6 1:1 3.06 8.72 25,7 Table B-2-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. rr(mg 02/11h31 kr(mg 09/59 sg/hr) PE 1 2.0 26.67 2 3.0 33.33 RS 1 50.0 8.90 2 08.0 7.95 63 Appendix B-2 Table B-2-3. k and r1. values for various batches 0? mixed liquor. rr Ave . Time kr Mixture Trial No. (mg 09/1/hr) (min:sec) (mg Og/gm SSZhr) 1:0 1 96.0 1:22 75.0 2 90.0 3:15 70.3 3 78.0 5:52 60.9 0 66.0 8:00 51.6 5 63.0 10:30 09.2 6 08.0 13:00 37.5 7 05.0 16:15 35.2 8 02.0 21:15 32.8 9 36.0 26:22 28.1 1:3 1 99.0 1:22 62.7 2 96.0 3:15 60.8 2 80.0 5:30 3.2 66.0 8:07 1.8 5 05.0 10:37 28.5 6 02.0 13:15 26.6 7 39.0 16:15 20.7 8 36.0 21:05 22.8 9 30.0 26:30 19.0 1:2 1 117.0 1:22 57.1 2 108.0 3:15 52.? 3 80.0 5:15 01.0 0 57.0 7:30 27.8 5 50.0 10:07 26.3 6 02.0 12:37 20.5 7 33.0 16:05 16.1 8 30.0 21:30 10.6 9 30.0 26:22 10.6 1:1 1 1 0.0 1:22 09.0 2 8 .0 3:07 27.0 3 69.0 5:30 22.5 0 63.0 7:30 20.6 5 50.0 10:07 17.6 6 50.0 12:30 17.6 7 05.0 16:22 10.7 8 39.0 21:15 12.7 9 39.0 26:30 12.7 66 Appendix 8-3 City of East Lansing January 26. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 2:15 p.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 7.8 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. = 6.80 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.02 gm/l Table 8.3.1. Initial k; and rr values for various batches 0 mixed rliquor. Mixture ss(gm/1) 1::t02755r ssghr) 1:;t027lzfir) 1:0 1.38 10.01 13.8 1:3 1.72 9.76 16.8 1:2 2.27 9.52 21.6 1:1 3.03 9.27 31.8 Table B-3—2. rr and k1. values for PE and RS Trial No. Engmg 09[l/hr) kgflmgoz/gm SS/hr) PE 1 3.0 150.0 2 0.2 210.0 RS 1 63.0 9.21 2 57.0 8.33 67 Appendix B-3 Table B-3—3. kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time Mixture Trial No. 1:0 1 111.0 1:15 80.0 2 102.0 3:07 73.9 3 81.0 5:22 58.7 0 81.0 7:22 58.7 5 63.0 9:30 05.6 6 08.0 12:00 30.8 7 02.0 16: 07 30.0 8 39.0 21:15 28.3 9 36.0 26:15 26.1 1:3 1 138.0 1:15 80.2 2 99.0 3:22 57.5 3 87.0 5:07 50.6 0 63.0 7:15 36.6 5 50.0 9:37 31.0 6 05.0 12:07 26.2 7 02.0 16:15 20.0 8 36.0 21:22 20.9 9 33.0 26:22 19.2 1:2 1 100.0 1:15 63.0 2 120.0 3:07 52.9 3 66.0 5:15 29.1 0 66.0 7:37 29.1 5 50.0 10:07 23.8 6 05.0 12:05 19.8 7 39.0 16:15 17.2 8 36.0 21:30 15.9 9 30.0 26:22 13.2 1:1 1 168.0 1:15 09.0 2 90.0 3:15 26.2 3 69.0 5:30 20.1 0 60.0 7:30 17.5 5 66.0 10:30 19.2 6 63.0 13:07 18.0 7 1.0 16:15 10.9 8 5.0 21:15 13.1 9 05.0 27:00 13.1 rr (mg Og/l/hr) (min:sec) (£5 Op/gm SS/hr) 70 Appendix B-0 City of East Lansing February 1. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 3:00 p.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 8.07 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. = 6.62 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.038 gm/l Table B-0-l. Initial k and rr values for various batches 0? mixed liquor. Mixture SSng/l) 1::t027ggrSS/hr) 1:;t027128r) 1:0 1.350 10.55 10.3 1:3 1.683 9.90 16.7 1:2 2.209 9.27 20.5 1:1 3.329 8.60 28.6 Table B-0-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. r3(mg Oz/llhr) k,(mg 02/gm SS/hr) PE 1 0.2 110.53 2 5.0 102.10 RS 1 57.0 8.61 2 08.0 7.25 71 Appendix B-0 Table 8.0-3. k and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time Mixture Trial No. (mg 09/1/hr) (min: sec) (mg Oglgm SS/hr) 1:0 1 108.0 - 1:22 79.8 2 90.0 3:15 66.5 3 90.0 5:07 66.5 0 75.0 7:30 55.0 5 75.0 10:00 55.0 6 02.0 12:30 31.0 7 39.0 16:22 28.8 8 33.0 21:22 20.0 9 27.0 26:22 19.9 1:3 1 132.0 1:22 78.0 2 102.0 3:15 60.6 3 96.0 5:30 57.0 0 78.0 7:30 06.3 5 60.0 10:00 35.6 6 08.0 12:05 28.5 7 02.0 16. 22 20.9 8 36.0 21: 15 21.0 9 33.0 26:37 19.6 1:2 1 100.0 1:15 63.2 2 120.0 3:07 3 .3 3 102.0 5:15 6.2 0 57.0 7:52 25.8 5 05.0 10:37 20.0 6 02. 0 13:00 19.0 7 02. 0 16:15 19.0 8 39. 0 21:30 17.7 9 36.0 26:22 16.3 1:1 1 171.0 1:22 51.0 2 111.0 3:00 33.3 3 72.0 5:00 21.6 0 63.0 7:05 18.9 5 57.0 10: 30 17.1 6 0.0 11: 15 16.2 7 8.0 16: 22 10.0 8 02.0 21: 15 12.6 9 05.0 26:05 13.5 70 Appendix B-5 City of East Lansing February 2. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 2:00 p.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C Cs - 8.07 ms/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. = 6.39 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.037 gm/l Table B-5-1. Initial k and r values for various batches of mixedrliquor. Initial kr Initial r Mixture 88(52712 (mg Op/gm SS/hr) (mg Og/l/fir) 1:0 1.307 8.12 10.63 1:3 1.620 7.67 12.5 1:2 2.132 7.20 15.0 1:1 3.213 6.78 21.8 Table 3-5-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. grfipg Oz/llhr) g5(mg 02/gm SS/hr) PE 1 3.0 81.08 2 3.6 93.30 RS 1 02.0 6.57 2 39.0 6.10 75 Appendix B-5 Table 8-5-3. k and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time kr Mixture Trial No. (5g 02/1/hr) (min: sec) (mg Op/gm S_[hr) 1:0 1 80.0 1: .20 60.fi 2 75.0 33 5 7. a 63.0 6: 07 28.2 63.0 8. 05 .2 5 05.0 11:15 30.0 6 30.0 13:05 22.9 7 30.0 18:00 22.9 8 27.0 22:37 20.7 9 20.0 26:37 18.0 133 1 93.0 1:37 57.3 2 81.0 0:00 09.9 3 75.0 6:05 06.2 0 02.0 9:30 25.9 5 36.0 12:05 22.2 6 30.0 16:00 18.5 7 27.0 18:05 16.6 8 27.0 21:30 16.6 9 27.0 20:05 16.6 1:2 1 120.0 1:30 56.3 2 108.0 3:30 50.7 3 08.0 6:07 22.5 0 08.0 8:52 22.5 5 33.0 11:22 15.5 6 33.0 13305 15.5 7 33.0 17:07 15.5 8 27.0 21:37 12.7 9 27.0 26:52 12.7 1:1 1 150.0 1: 22 06.7 2 63.0 3:05 19.6 3 57.0 6. 00 17.7 0 51.0 8:05 15.9 5 02.0 11: 37 13.1 6 39.0 10: 05 12.1 7 39.0 18: '07 12.1 8 36.0 21: 30 11.2 9 30.0 27:00 9.3 APPENDIX C City of Mason Tested on five different days between the dates of February 16. 1972 and March 1. 1972. 78 Appendix C-l City of Mason February 16, 1972 Time Samples Taken: 2:00 Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 8.27 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, 88 Ave. = 8.37 Sm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.030 gm/l Table 0.1.1. Initial k and rr values for various batches 0? mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial r Mixture 33(59/1) (mg Oz/gm SS/hr) (mg 92/1/fir) 1:0 1.698 15.11 25.66 ' 1:3 2.110 10.70 31.07 1:2 2.782 10.16 39.00 1:1 0.200 13.55 56.9u Table C-l-Z. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. £¥(mg Oz/l/hr) krjmg Og/gm SS/hr) PE 1 5.0 180.0 2 5.0 180.0 RS 1 110.0 13.62 2 103.0 12.30 79 Appendix C-l Table 0-1-3. 1:1. and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. rr Ave.Time kr Mixture Trial No. (mg OZZl/hr) (min:sec) (mgkOZ/gm SS/hr) 1:0 1 117.0 1:22 68.9 2 99.0 3:22 58.3 3 96.0 5315 56.5 0 93.0 7:15 50.8 5 75.0 8:30 00.2 6 63.0 12:15 37.1 7 60.0 16:22 35.3 8 08.0 21:30 28.3 9 08.0 26:22 28.3 1:3 1 110.0 1:30 53.9 2 120.0 3:22 56.8 3 99.0 5:15 06.8 0 66.0 7:30 31.2 5 63.0 8:05 29.8 6 63.0 12:37 29.8 7 50.0 16:15 25.5 8 50.0 21:37 25.5 9 51.0 26:30 20.1 1:2 1 126.0 1:22 05.3 2 101.0 3:15 50.7 3 87.0 5:30 31.3 0 80.0 8:07 30.2 5 78.0 10:30 28.0 6 69.0 13:07 20.8 7 69.0 16:30 20.8 8 72.0 21:22 25.9 9 66.0 26:30 23.? 1:1 1 177.0 1:15 02.1 2 108.0 3:15 25.? 3 108.0 5:07 25.7 a 99.0 7:37 23.6 5 99.0 10:37 23.6 6 93.0 13:07 22.1 7 66.0 16:15 15.7 8 57.0 21:05 13.6 9 02.0 26:05 10.0 82 Appendix C-2 City of Mason February 22, 1972 Time Samples Taken: 3:00 Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 8.06 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. = 0.83 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. 2 0.050 gm/l Table C-2-1. Initial kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. Initial k Initial r Mixture SS(gm/l) (mg og/gmrsszhrz (mg 02/1/fir) 1:0 1.006 18.30 18.01 1:3 1.200 17.37 21.61 1:2 ' 1.627 16.08 26.82 1:1 2.000 15.50 37-93 Table 0-2-2. rr and kr values for PE and BS Trial No. rr(mg Op/l/hr) k!(mg OZ/Em SS/hr) PE 1 0.8 96.0 2 6.0 120.0 RS 1 72.0 10.90 2 69.0 10.28 83 Appendix 0-2 Table C-2-3. k and rr values for various batches 0 mixed liquor. rr Ave.Time kr Mixture Trial No. (mg 09ll/hr) (min:sec) (mg OQZEm SS/hrl 1:0 1 78.0 1:30 77.5 2 75.0 0:00 70.5 3 72.0 6:30 71.6 0 66.0 9:07 65.6 5 02.0 11:05 01.7 6 02.0 10:30 01.7 7 39.0 17:05 38.8 8 33.0 21:30 32.8 9 33.0 26:52 32.8 1:3 1 96.0 1:30 77.2 2 81.0 0:00 65.1 3 78.0 6:15 62.7 0 08.0 8:52 38.6 5 05.0 11:30 36.2 6 02.0 10:30 33.8 7 39.0 17330 31.3 8 02.0 21:30 33.7 9 39.0 27830 31.3 1:2 1 108.0 1:30 66.0 2 90.0 3205 55.3 3 60.0 6:15 36.9 0 02.0 8:30 25.8 5 08.0 11:07 29.5 6 05.0 13 37 27.7 7 05.0 16:07 27.7 8 36.0 21:30 22.1 9 27.0 26:15 16.6 1:1 1 101.0 1:30 57.8 2 72.0 3:30 29.5 3 66.0 6:15 27.0 h 50.0 8:37 22.1 5 08.0 11:15 19.7 6 02.0 13:05 17.2 7 39.0 17:00 16.0 8 36.0 21:30 22.1 9 30.0 26:05 16.6 86 Appendix C-3 City of Mason February 23. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 12:00 Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 8.76 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. 8 5.61 gm/l Primary Effluent, SS Ave. 2 0.21 gm/l Table C-3-l. Initial k and r values for various batches 07 mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial r Mixture ss(gm/1) (m5409/gm ss/hr) (mg 02/1/fir) 1:0 1.290 18.00 23.28 1:3 1.559 16.30 25.118 1:2 1.99 15.68 31.21 1:1 2.910 10.93 03.00 inable C-3-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. rr(mg Op/lfhr) PE 1 6.6 2 8.0 'RS 1 80.0 2 75.0 k,(mgO9/gm SS/hr) 31.02 00.0 10.97 13.37 87 Appendix C-3 Table C-3-3. kr and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. rr Ave.Time kr Mixture Trial No. (mg 02/1/hr) (min:sec) (mEOQ/gm SS/hr) 1:0 1 99.0 1:30 76.7 2 81.0 0:00 62.8 3 60.0 6:00 06.5 0 51.0 8:05 39.5 5 08.0 11:30 37.2 6 05.0 10:15 30.9 7 02.0 17:15 32.6 8 02.0 21:22 32.6 9 39.0 26:30 30.2 1:3 1 102.0 1:30 65.0 2 78.0 3:30 50.0 3 72.0 6:15 05.0 0 57.0 8:05 35.6 5 50.0 11:30 30.6 6 51.0 10:05 32.7 7 31.0 18:00 32.7 8 8.0 22:30 30.8 9 36.0 26:30 23.1 1:2 1 10.5 1:30 52.7 2 63.0 3:52 31.6 3 66.0 6:15 33.2 0 63.0 9:15 31.6 5 63.0 12:00 31.6 6 63.0 10:05 31.6 7 05.0 17:15 22.6 8 39.0 21:15 19.6 9 33.0 26:30 15.6 1:1 1 111.0 1:05 38.9 2 111.0 3:52 38.9 3 99.0 5352 30.0 0 75.0 8:00 25.8 5 51.0 10:52 17.5 6 08.0 13:30 16.5 7 08.0 16:30 16.5 8 39.0 22:30 13.0 9 33.0 26:05 11.3 90 Appendix C-0 City of Mason February 29. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 2:30 p.m. ('3 Temperature of Samples: 23 C8 = 8.56 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. 10.63 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. = 0.0575 gm/l Table 0-0-1. Initial k and rr values for various batches o7 mixed liquor. Mixture 33(5m112 7:;t0:}g:rSS/hr) 1:0 2.172 10.03 1:3 2.710 13.65 132 3.509 13.26 1:1 5.300 12.83 Table 0.0.2. Trial No. rrjmg 92/1/hr) PE 1 0.8 2 5.0 RS 1 100.0 2 120.0 83.07 93.91 13.55 11.29 Initial r (mg egg/fir) 30.08 37.06 07.05 68. 58 rr and kr values for PE and RS kr(ms02/sm SS/hr) . ”dun... I 91 Appendix C-0 Table C-0-3. kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time kr Mixture Trial No. 5m5502[1[hr) (min: sec) (mg Op/gm SS/hr) 1:0 1 108.0 1:30 09.7 2 99.0 3330 05.5 3 96.0 5:05 00.2 0 90.0 8:00 01.0 5 81.0 10:15 37.3 6 60.0 13:15 27.6 7 60.0 17:00 27.6 8 50.0 21:30 20.9 9 51.0 26:30 23.5 1:3 1 123.0 1:30 05.3 2 120.0 3:15 00.2 3 117.0 5:00 03.1 0 78.0 7:00 28.7 5 72.0 9:30 26.5 6 63. 0 12:30 23.2 7 60. 0 16:30 22.1 8 05. 0 21:30 16.6 9 39 0 26:30 10.0 1:2 1 156.0 1:15 00.0 2 132. 0 3:15 37.2 3 105 0 5337 29.6 0 90.0 8:15 2 .0 5 87.0 10:30 2 .5 6 69.0 13:30 19.0 7 57.0 16:05 16.7 8 50.0 21:05 15.2 9 08.0 26:05 13.5 1:1 1 189.0 1:07 35.0 2 153.0 2:15 28.6 3 135.0 3:22 25.3 0 102.0 5:07 19.1 5 99.0 7:00 18.5 6 75.0 9:05 10.0 7 69.0 12:05 12.9 8 63.0 21:30 11.8 9 50.0 27:00 10.1 rtluru“ ' run‘ 4-. . u 90 Appendix C_5 City of Mason March 1. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 2:00 p.m. 0 Temperature of Samples: 23 Cs 2 8.06 mg/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, SS Ave. = 8.85 gm/l = 0.277 sm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. guru-9‘ M1 Table C-5-1. Initial kr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial r Mixture SS(gm(l) Lm§_QZ/gm SS/hr) (mg Og/l/Er) 1:0 1.99 15.02 29.90 1:3 2.020 10.96 36.20 1:2 3.105 10.89 06.20 1:1 0.563 10.82 67.61 Table C-5-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. r3(mg 02/1/hr) kr(m8 Og/sm SS/hr) PE 1 0.8 17.32 2 0.8 17.32 RS 1 132.0 10.91 2 129.0 10.58 95 Appendix C-5 Table C-5-3. k and r1. values for various batches o7 mixed liquor. r1. Ave. Time kr Mixture Trial No. (m5 03/1/hr) (min: sec) (mg Oplgm SS/hr) 1:0 1 108.0 1:30 50.2 2 78.0 3330 39.2 3 63.0 5:05 31.7 0 63.0 8:15 31.7 5 57.0 11:15 28.6 6 57.0 10:00 28.6 7 57.0 17:30 28.6 8 02.0 21:30 21.1 9 33.0 26:05 16.6 1:3 1 117.0 1:15 08.3 2 75.0 3:22 31.0 3 75.0 5:30 31.0 0 66.0 8:22 27.3 5 63.0 11:00 26.0 6 66.0 13:30 27.3 7 51.0 16:30 21.1 8 02.0 21:05 17.3 9 36.0 27:30 10.9 1:2 1 120.0 1:30 38.6 2 90.0 3:05 29.0 3 90.0 6:00 29.0 0 87.0 8:15 28.2 5 69.0 10:05 22.2 6 08.0 13:05 15.5 7 08.0 16: 05 15.5 8 02.0 22:00 13.5 9 02.0 27:00 13.5 1:1 1 99. 0 1: 22 21.7 2 110.0 3:30 25.0 3 81.0 5:52 17.7 0 69.0 8:30 15.1 5 08.0 11: 15 10.5 6 08.0 10:30 10.5 7 08.0 18:15 10.5 8 05.0 21:30 9 9 9 39.0 26:05 8 5 .1 J a.. finding) 1773-6 \_..v 0‘ Ifiihiia 39.? a If; \ .‘ .‘,' APPENDIX D City of Lansing Tested on five different days between the dates of April 0. 1972 and April 17. 1972. .cLu 98 Appendix D-l City of Lansing April 0. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 11:05 a.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C 08 - 8.27 ms/1 Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. 8 10.35 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. 8 0.0925 gm/l Table D-l-l. Initial k and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Mixture SS 1 fgét0325gr881hrz igét022125r2 1:0 2.90 6.09 17.90 1:3 3.66 6.05 22.13 1:2 0.80 6.02 28.89 1:1 7.22 5.99 03.30 Table D-l-Z. rr and tr values for PE and RS Trial No. r,g!5 oagiggrz 5,15309/gn SS/hr) PE 1 0.9 9.72 2 1.1 11.89 RS 1 93.0 6.08 2 78.0 5.03 ' "7 rm: “Wan: n1. City of Lansing April 6. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 102 Appendix D—2 10:30 a.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C C8 = 7.97 ms/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. 88 Ave. - 10.88 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. - 0.117 gm/l Table D—2-1. Initial and r values for various batches o nixed liquor. Initial k, Initial r Mixture as (me 0913-: SS/hrz (n2 og/izfir) 1:0 2.27 8.27 18.78 1:3 2.81 8.16 22.95 1:2 3.67 8.07 29.63 1:1 5.50 7.96 .03.81 Table D-2-2. PE RS Trial No. 1 2 . 1 2 1.8 2.0 87.0 80.0 rr and k, values for PE and BS r,g!5 026162?! W 15.33 20.5 8.00 7.72 106 Appendix D—3 City of Lansing April 11. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 12:00 Temperature of Samples: 23 C 08 a 7.97 me/i g“- Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. 8 13.26 gm/l a Primary Effluent. 33 Ave. - 0.062 gm/l Table D—3-1. Initial k, and rr values for various batches of mixed liquor. Mixture ss 1 In1t0aiggr38/hr) 1::t02717ir) 1:0 2.70 8.31 ' 22.00 1:3 3.36 8.21 27.60 1:2 0.02 8.11 ‘ 35.86 1:1 6.66 8.01 53.38 Table D-3-2. rr and k1. values for PE and RS Trial No. r=(!5 02(11hr2 §=(mg Og/gm SS/hr) PE 1 1.8 29.0 2 1.8 29.0 RS 1 111.0 8.37 2 99.0 7.07 107 Appendix D—3 Table D-3-3. k and r1. values for various batches o7 mixed liquor. rr Ave.Time kfig Mixture Trial No. Sag Gallzgrz (min:secl ( Oz/gm SS/hr) 1:0 1 120.0 1:30 00.0 2 72.0 3:30 26.7 2 7.0 6:00 21.1 5.0 9:00 16.7 5 05.0 12:00 16.7 6 39.0 15:15 10.0 7 36.0 18:30 13.3 8 30.0 21:30 11.1 9 30.0 27:00 11.1 1:3 1 132.0 1:20 39.3 2 66.0 3: 5 19.6 0 66.0 6:00 19.6 08.0 8:30 10.3 5 05.0 11:15 13.0 6 39.0 10:00 11.6 7 36.0 17:15 10.7 8 36.0 22:00 10.7 9 33.0 27:00 9.82 1:2 1 1 3 0 1:15 30.6 2 8 0 :15 19.0 0 0 0 5:05 12.2 1 0 8:15 11.5 5 8 0 11:00 10.9 6 39 0 10:00 8.8 7 39 0 17:15 8.8 8 36.0 22 00 8.1 9 36.0 27:00 8.1 1:1 1 162.0 1:07 20.3 2 96.0 2:30 10. 0 63.0 0:05 9.5 63.0 7805 9.5 5 57.0 11:00 8.6 6 1.0 10:05 7.7 7 5.0 18:05 6.8 8 05.0 23:00 6.8 9 02.0 27:00 6.3 110 Appendix D-0 City of Lansing April 13. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 10:15 a.m. Temperature of Samples: 23 C 08 = 8.07 ns/l Suspended Solids: Return Sludge, 83 Ave. 8 13.96 gm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. 3 0.15 gm/l Table D-0-1. Initial k and r1. values for various batches o mixed liquor. Initial kr Initial r Mixture 83(52712 S55 02682 ssggrz $25 Oazlgfir) 1:: 2.91 7.98 ‘ 23.21 1:3 3.60 7.89 28.39 1:2 0.71 7.81 36.77 1:1 7.05 7.71 50.38 Table D-0-2. rr and kr values for PE and RS Trial No. r3555 ozgiggrz k 0 88 r PE 1 . 2.0 16.0 2 2.0 16.0 RS 1 111.0 7.95 2 102.0 7.31 [1:1-bible. “(511314!- .‘.;GFV:¥.“I ‘3‘; mix" '1‘“! 111 Appendix D-0 Table D-0-3. hr and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time Mixture Trial No. $55 Ozglghr) )(min.:sec) (fig O,/gm SS/hr) 1:0 1 120.0 1:30 01.2 2 102.0 3: 05 35.0 0 60.0 6:00 20.6 02.0 8:05 10.0 5 39.0 11:30 13.0 6 33.0 15:15 11.3 7 33.0 18:05 11.3 8 27.0 22:00 9.3 9 27.0 27:00 9.3 133 1 135.0 413 30 37.5 2 93.0 3:15 25.8 3 57.0 6:00 15.8 0 39.0 8:05 10.8 5 39.0 11: 30 10.8 6 36.0 10:30 10.0 7 33.0 18:00 9.2 8 30.0 22:00 8.3 9 27.0 27:00 7.5 1:2 1 162.0 1:15 30.0 2 117.0 3:00 20.8 a 50.0 5:00 11.5 1.0 7:30 10.8 5 8.0 10:15 10.2 6 36.0 13:30 7.6 7 39.0 16:30 8.3 8 39.0 22:00 8.3 9 36.0 27:00 7.6 1:1 1 180.0 1:00 25.5 2 117.0 2:30 16.6 0 72.0 0:30 10.2 57.0 7:15 8.1 5 57.0 10: 00 8.1 6 1.0 10:15 7.2 7 8.0 18:00 6.8 8 08.0 21:05 6.8 9 08.0 27:00 6.8 110 Appendix D-5 City of Lansing April 17. 1972 Time Samples Taken: 12:00 Temperature of Samples: 23 C 08 - 7.78 ms/i Suspended Solids: Return Sludge. SS Ave. = 12.77 sm/l Primary Effluent. SS Ave. - 0.055 gm/l Table D-5-1. Initial k and r1. values for various batches 07 mixed liquor. Mixture SS(gm/1) fgét027gir SS/hr) 7;:t022125r2 1:0 2.59 5.02 12.99 1:3 3.23 0.93 15.92 1:2 0.25 0.85 20.60 1:1 6.01 0.71 30.20 Table D-5-2. rr and tr values for PE and RS Trial No. Ir(m8 Ogll/hrl k,(ng Oplgm SS/hr) PE 1 1.8 32.7 2 1.8 32.7 RS 1 60.0 0.70 2 57.0 0.06 115 Appendix D-5 Table D-5-3. and r1. values for various batches of mixed liquor. Ave. Time kr Mixture Trial No. SEE Gallzgrz (min:sec) (mg Qg[gm SSZhr) 1:0 1 90.0 1:30 30.7 2 69.0 3:30 26.6 3 50.0 6:00 20.8 0 1.0 8:30 19.7 5 2.0 11:00 16.2 6 39.0 10:00 15.1 7 33.0 17:00 12.7 8 30.0 20:30 11.6 9 27.0 27:00 10.0 1:3 1 96.0 1:30 29.7 2 75.0 5 23.2 2 63.0 6:00 1 .5 08.0 8:30 1 .9 5 02.0 10:05 13.0 6 36.0 13:30 11.1 7 27.0 17:00 8.0 8 27.0 22:00 8.0 9 27.0 27:00 8.0 1:2 1 117.0 1:30 27.5 2 75.0 3:30 17.6 0 63.0 6:00 10.8 05.0 8:15 10.6 5 05.0 10:05 10.6 6 36 0 13:30 8.5 7 36.0 17:00 8.5 8, 33.0 22:00 7.8 9 30.0 27:00 7.1 1:1 1 126.0 1: 30 19.7 2 75.0 3:05 11.7 0 63.0 6:00 9.8 1.0 9:00 8.0 5 8.0 12:15 7.5 6 02.0 15:30 6.5 7 36.0 18:05 5.6 8 36.0 22:30 5.6 9 36.0 27:00 5.6 t 0.3 3 I312 il. "mmjmjmumMimmflnygnjmn‘s