ROOM USE ONLY ABSTRACT CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DESMIDS OF THE STATE OF SAD PAULO, BRAZIL (INCLUDING A FEW FROM THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS) BY CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS BICUDO THE PRESENT THESIS IS A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNONLEDGE OF THE DESMIDS (CHLOROPHYCEAE) OF THE STATE OF 330 PAULO, BRA- zIL, INCLUDING A FEN‘FROM 2 LOCALITIES IN THE NEIGHSOURING STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. THE STUDY OF THESE FRESH-WATER ALGAE HAS BEEN NEGLECTEO BY THE BRAZILIAN BOTANISTS. BORCE, IN I9IS, MADE THE ONLY MORE ExTENSIVE STUDY ON THE DESMIDS OF THE STATE OF $30 PAULO, wHILE SEVERAL OTHER PERSONS HAVE REPORTED SPECIES FROM THIS AREA. NO OTHER FORMAL STUDY, HOWEVER, HAS EVER SEEN MADE ON THE TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THIS GROUP OF ALGAE OF THE AREA COVERED BY THIS INVESTIGATION. THE CHIEF OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY HAVE SEEN, THEN, THE COLLECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE DESMIDS OF THE STATE OF SXO PAULO. IN ORDER To CARRY OUT THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THIS STU- DY, REPRESENTATIVE ALGAL SAMPLES wERE PERSONALLY COLLECTED FROM ~ VARIOUS CITES IN THE STATE OF SAD PAULO, AND INCLUDED SOME THAT CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS BICUDO MR. IVANY FERRAz MARQUES VALID HAS COLLECTED DURING HIS EXCUR- SIONS TO THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. THE SAMPLES wERE CAREFULLY SCRUTINIzED IN THE LABORATO- RY AND EACH SPECIES, VARIETY OR FORMA OF DESMIO OBSERVED wAS RE- CORDED. FROM THE 50 COLLECTIONS AT MY DISPOSAL I HAVE BEEN ABLE To RECORD 95 SPECIES, 66 VARIETIES, AND I6 NAMED FORMAE, A TOTAL OF I77 TAxA OF WHICH 20, OR APPRoxIMATELY II.5 PER CENT, I HAVE CONSIDERED AS NEw TO SCIENCE. FOR EACH MATERIAL A DESCRIPTION, THE MOST COMPLETE POS- SIBLE, THE NECESSARY MEASUREMENTS FOR IDENTIFICATIONAL PURPOSES, AND THE RESPECTIVE BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IS GIVEN. I8 PLATES OF SELECTED DRAWINGS MADE BY USE OF THE CAMERA LUCIDA AND 2 MAPS SUPPLEMENT THE wRITTEN TExT. AFTER PRESENTING A LIST OF THE PLANTS I HAVE RECORDED FROM THE AREA, SOME INTERESTING BIOGEOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS CAN BE MADE: I) A PREVALENCE OF SPECIES OF COSMARIUM AND CLOSTERIUM OVER THE OTHER GENERA; 2) AN EXTREMELY HIGH NUMBER OF THE MOST COMMON COSMOPOLITAN FORMS; 5) THE PRESENCE OF A TROPICAL AMERI- CAN ENDEMIC GROUP RELATIVELY DISCRETE; 4) THE RELATIVE ABSENCE OF THE GREATER FORMS OF MICRASTERIAS AND EUASTRUM, AND OF THE FILAMENTOUS FORMS; 5) THE ExISTENCE OF A PANTROPICAL RESIDUAL GROUP wHICH IS SOMENHAT MUCH REDUCED. THE DESMID FLORA OF THE REGION I HAVE STUDIED HAS MANY CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS BICUDO INTERESTING SIMILARITIES WITH THE DESMID FLORA OF THE REGION KRIEGER CALLED lNDO-MALAYAN-NORTH AUSTRALIAN. ABOUT 27 PER CENT OF THE TOTAL TAXA PRESENTLY LISTED FOR THE STATE OF 3Z0 PAULO AND THE 2 LOCALITIES IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, ARE ALSO KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE INDO-MALAYAN—NORTH AUSTRALIAN AREA. STAURABTRUM TOHOPEKALIGENSE WOLLE F. MINUS (TURN.) SCOTT & PRESC. IS AN ORIENTAL AND BRAzILIAN FORM; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PLEUROTAE- NIUM OVATUM NORDST.. —* CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DESMIDS OF THE STATE OF SAC PAULO, BRAZIL (INCLUDING A FEW FROM THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS) CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS BICUDO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF’ MASTER IN SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY | 9 6 5 To MY FATHER AND MOTHER TO MY WIFE TO MY DAUGHTER A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S I WISH To EXPRESS MY MOST SINCERE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THOSE WHO HELPED IN THE MATERIALIzATION OF THE PRESENT WORK: DR. GERALD W. PRESCOTT, UNDER WHOSE GUIDANCE THIS STUDY WAS DONE. FOR HIS PATIENCE, KINDNESS, UNTIRING ASSISTANCE, AND WISE AOVICES DURING THIS RESEARCH. DRS. WILBERT E. WADE, EVERETT S. BENEKE, GORDON E. GUYER AND IRVING W. KNOBLOCH, MEMBERS OF THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE WHO HAVE TAKEN THE TIME AND TROUBLE TO CONCERN THEMSELVES WITH THE PRESENT PROBLEM. MR. DENNIS C. JACKSON AND RUSSELL G. KULLBERG FOR THEIR SUGGESTIONS DURING THE WRITTING OF THIS THESIS. MRS. CORINNE M. SIMONS, LIBRARIAN AT THE LLOYD LIBRARY, CINCINNATI, OHIO, MRS. PHYLLIS PIVER AND MRS. LILLIAN JONES,LJ- SRARIANS AT THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, MRS. FLORENCE LOVEJOY, LIBRARIAN AT THE FARLOW HERSARIUM AND LIBRARY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSSETTS, AND MRS. MAR- JORIE D. AINSWORTH, LIBRARIAN AT THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZO- OLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSSETTS, FOR THEIR VERY PRECIOUS ASSIS- TANCE AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE IN LOCATING MOST OF THE BRAZILIAN SPECIALIZED LITERATURE ON THE BRAZILIAN FRESH-WATER ALGAE IN- SERTED IN THIS THESIS. FINALLY, FOR HER UNTIRING HELP AND ENCOURAGEMENT, THE ExTENT OF WHICH IS VERY DIFFICULT IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE TO PUT INTO WORDS, I THANK MY WIFE - ROSA MARIA. THIS STUDY WAS SUPPORTED BY GRANTS FROM THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, THE JESSUP FUND OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, AND THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STA- TES, TO NHOM I WISH TO EXPRESS MY WHOLEHEARTEO APPRECIATION. T A B L E O F C O N T E N T 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............ ..... . ..... .... ..... .......... II. TABLE OF CONTENTS .................... ........... .......... IV. INTRODUCTION .... ...... ..... ........ ....................... I. MATERIAL AND METHODS .......... ....... . .............. ...... 4. A GEOLOGICAL NOTE ON THE REGION STUDIED ................... 8 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT ............ .. . ........ .. . .. . . IO. MESOTAENIACEAE: MESOTAENIUM NAGELI, I849 .... ..... . ..... ......... IO. SPIROTAENIA DE BREBISSON, I848 .. ..... ........... I5. CYLINOROCYSTIS MENEGHINI, I858 ............ ..... . I4. ‘32:: WEST & WEST, I896 .......................... I7. NETRIUM (NIGELI, I849) ITzIGSOHN & ROTHE IN RA- BENHORST, I856 ..... ..... ................ I8. GONATOZYGACEAE: GONATOZYGON DE BARY, I856 ....................... 20. DESMIOIACEAE: Eggigg DE BREBISSON, I844 ....................... 25. CLOSTERIUM NITZSCH, l8l7 ........................ 27. PLEUROTAENIUM NAGELI, I849 ...................... 60. TETMEMORUS RALFS, I844 .......................... 68. EUASTRUM EHRENBERG, I852 ........................ 7|. MICRASTERIAS C. A. AGARDH, I827 ................. 97. ACTINOTAENIUM (NIGELI, I849) TELING, I954 ....... III. COSMARIUM COROA, I854 ............................ I20. ARTHRODESMUS EHRENBERG, I858 . ................... . I72. STAURODESMUS TEILING, I948 ....................... I74. XANTHIDIUM EHRENBER, I857 ..... .......... ......... I80. STAURASTRUM MEYEN, I829; EMEND. RALFS, I845 ..... I85. COSMOCLADIUM 0E BREBISSON, I856 ........ .......... 205. SPONDYLOSIUM DE BREBISSON, I844 . ............ ..... 206. HYALOTHECA EHRENBERG, I840 ....................... 207. DESMIDIUM C. A. AGARDH, I824 ........ . ....... ..... 209. BAMBUSINA KDTZING, I845 ...... ...... ....... ..... .. 2I5. SUMMARY ......... ...... .. ............. ....... ......... ..... 2I8. RESUMO ............... ......... ...... ........ .............. 22I. LITERATURE CITED .. ..... . ............ ... ......... .......... 225. INTRODUCTION SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ITS FIRST GENUS (CLOSTERIUM NITZSCH) IN I8I7, THE DESMIDIACEAE, A FAMILY OF GREEN ALGAE, HA- VE ATTRACTED THE ATTENTION OF MANY INVESTIGATORS IN THE WORLD . THE VARIETY OF GEOMETRIC FORMS AND THE NUMEROUS PATTERNS IN WALL DECORATION OF THE THOUSANDS OF SPECIES, IN ADDITION TO THE VARI- ED SHAPES OF CHLOROPLASTS, WOULD EXPLAIN THE AESTHETIC INTEREST IN THE DESMIDS (PRESCOTT, I948). FURTHERMORE, THE UNIQUE FEATURES FOUND IN THE MODE OF CELL DIVISION, METHODS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, AND THEIR WALL STRUCTURES ARE EXAMPLES OF PHENOMENA WHICH COME UP FOR REPEATED INVESTIGATION. THE RECOGNIZED IMPORTANCE OF THIS FAMILY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WATER SUPPLIES WAS VERY WELL SUMMARIZEO BY PALMER (I959), AS FOLLOW5: I) MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY ARE KNOWN TO GIVE TASTE AND ODOR To WATER SUPPLIES; 2) SOME SPECIES WERE FOUND TO GIVE A GREEN COLORATION TO WATER SUPPLIES; 5) OTHER SPECIES U- SUALLY CLOGG SAND FILTERS; 4) STILL OTHER SPECIES ARE WIDELY USED AS WATER SOURCE INDICATOR ORGANISMS FOR CLEAN WATER, SOFT WATER LAKES WITH OUTLET, ACID BOG LAKES, ETC.. LEFEVRE (I95!) AND SAMPAIO (I946) HAVE SOME EVIDENCES , FROM THEIR CULTURAL STUDIES, THAT A MEMBER OF THE FAMILY, EEEE' TERIUM ACEROSUM (SCHR.) EHR., WHICH WAS ALSO COLLECTED IN THE CITY OF SAD PAULO FROM SOME ARTIFICIAL POOLS NEAR THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, CAN PRODUCE BACTERICIDAL ACTION COMPARABLE TO THAT OF PENICILLIN. FROHNE (I959, I942) USED DESMIDS AS A PARTICULAR REFER- ENCE FOR HIS PRELIMINARY NATURAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE SMALL BODIES OF QUIET FRESH-WATER, NATURALLY OR ARTIFICIALLY IM- POUNDED, AND OCCUPIED BY LARGER PLANTS. HOWEVER, DESPITE ITS ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, VERY LITTLE HAS BEEN DONE ON THE DESMIDIACEAE OF THE STATE OF SAD PAULO. UP TO DATE ONLY I7 PAPERS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED FROM STUDIES ON SUCH FASCINATING MATERIAL. WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT (I880) WAS THE FIRST REPORT OF THE OCCURRENCE OF THE FAMILY IN THE STATE OF SAD PAULO, FROM MATER- IAL COLLECTED FROM THE PROXIMITY OF THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA . BORGESEN (I890), BORGE (I9I8), BICUDO & BICUDO (I962, I965) , LEMMERMANN (I9I5), NORDSTEDT (I889), WILLE (I884), WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT (I882, I885A, I885B, I886, I889), WITTROCK, NORDSTEDT & LAGERHEIM (I896, I905) ARE THE OTHER PAPERS DEALING WITH THE TAXONOMY OF THE 'PAULISTAS' DESMIDS. KLEEREKOPER (I959, I944) MENTIONS SEVERAL SPECIES OF DESMIDS FOR THE STATE OF SAD PAULO IN HIS LIMNOLOGICAL STUDIES . BRANCO (I960) AND KOLKWITZ (I955) REPORT SOME DESMIDS IN THEIR PAPERS DEALING WITH ECOLOGY, WHILE PALMER (I96I) MENTIONS A FEW DESMID GENERA IN A PAPER DEALING WITH SANITATION. LEOPOLDO E SILVA (I958) MENTIONS TRIPLOCERAS GRACILE BAIL. AND TRIPLOCERAS VERTICELLATUM BAIL. FOR THE ISLAND OF SAD VICENTE, IN A PAPER ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS. BESIDES ALL THE ABOVE MENTIONED LITERATURE, JOLY (I965) - WITH DIDACTICAL PURPOSE - LISTS SEVERAL DESMID GENERA FOR THE CITY OF SAD PAULO AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. M A T E R I A L A N D M E T H O D 8 THE PRESENT THESIS IS BASED ON A NUMBER OF SAMPLES COL- LECTED IN VARIOUS PLACES IN THE STATE OF SAD PAULO AND 2 LOCALI- TIES OF THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, AS ASSIGNED ON PLATE I. FROM THE 50 COLLECTIONS AT MY DISPOSAL I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO RECORD 95 SPECIES, 66 VARIETIES, AND l6 NAMED FORMAE OF DES- MIDS, FOR A TOTAL OF I77 TAXA OF WHICH 20, OR APPROXIMATELY II.5 PER CENT, I HAVE CONSIDERED AS NEW TO SCIENCE. SOME OF THESE COLLECTIONS CAN BE CONSIDERED AS 'DESMID RICH', WHEREAS SOME CONTAIN ONLY A FEW DESMIDS. THIS COULD BE EXPLAINED BY CONSIDERING THE FACT THAT THE LATTER SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED BY PERSONS WHO WERE NOT PRIMARILY INTERESTED IN DES- MIDS; THUS, THE HABITATS FROM WHICH THEY COLLECTED PROBABLY IN- CLUDED MANY THAT WERE POORLY OR NOT AT ALL SUITABLE FOR DESMIDS, WHICH PREFER SOFT OR SLIGHTLY ACID WATERS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE COMPARATIVELY 'DESMID RICH' COLLECTIONS WERE THE ONES I HAVE PERSONALLY COLLECTED FROM SEVERAL LOCALITIES WITHIN THE SAD PAU- LO BOTANICAL GARDEN, OR THOSE I GATHERED DURING SOME EXCURSIONS TO THE 'CERRADO' REGION OF RIO CLARO, BROTAS, PIRASSUNUNGA, ETC. ’DESMID RICH' SAMPLES ALSO CAN BE CONSIDERED SOME OF THE ONES MR. IVANY FERRAZ MARQUES VALID HAS COLLECTED IN CAETE AND PARA- CATU, IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. ALTHOUGH HE WAS NOT AN EX- PERT ON ALGAE, HE TRIED To FIND FAVOURABLE HABITATS FOR HIS GATH- ERINGS; IN THIS HE HAS EVIDENTLY BEEN QUITE SUCCESSFUL. MOST OF THE SAMPLES I HAVE COLLECTED IN THE CITY OF SAD PAULO AND ADJACENT PLACES WERE COLLECTED FROM SHALLOW PERMANENT PONDS, USUALLY RICH IN DECCAYING PLANT MATERIAL, AND WITH A PH RANGE OF 4.0 T0 5.5. THE SAMPLES GATHERED FROM THE 'CERRADO' REGION OF RIO CLARO, BROTAS, PIRASSUNUNGA, ETC., WERE COLLECTED FROM CREEKS AND STREAMS WITH THE PH VARYING FROM 5.5 TD 6.0. THE REGION FROM WHICH I HAVE COLLECTED BELONGS PHYTO- GEOGRAPHICALLY TO THE AREA KRIEGER (I957) CALLED TROPICAL AMER- ICA. AS IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED, THE DESMID FLORAS REPRESEN- TATIVE OF SUCH REGION ARE COMPOSED OF A COMPLEX IN WHICH ENDEM- ICS ARE CONSPICUOUS, AND EVEN DOMINANT IN SOME COLLECTIONS. FROM THE STUDY OF THE DESMIDS OF THE STATE OF SAD PAULO AND THE 2 LOCALITIES IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, THE FOLLOWING REMARKS CAN BE MADE: I) A PREVALENCE OF SPECIES OF COSMARIUM AND CLOSTERIUM OVER THE OTHER GENERA; 2) AN EXTREMELY HIGH NUM- BER OF THE MOST COMMON COSMOPOLITAM FORMS; 5) THE PRESENCE OF A TROPICAL AMERICAN ENDEMIC GROUP RELATIVELY DISCRETE; 4) THE RE- LATIVE ABSENCE OF THE GREATER FORMS OF MICRASTERIAS AND EUASTRUfi AND OF THE FILAMENTOUS FORMS, AND 5) THE EXISTENCE OF A PANTRO- PICAL RESIDUAL GROUP WHICH IS SOMEWHAT VERY REDUCED. THE DESMID FLORA OF THE REGION I HAVE STUDIED ALSO HAS MANY INTERESTING SIMILARITIES WITH THE DESMID FLORA OF THE RE- GION KRIEGER CALLED INDo-MALAYAN-NORTH AUSTRALIAN. ABOUT 27 PER CENT OF THE TOTAL ENTITIES PRESENTLY LISTED FOR THE STATE OF SAD PAULO AND THE 2 LOCALITIES IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, ARE AL- SO KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE INDO-MALAYAN-NORTH AUSTRALIAN AREA. STAURASTRUM TOHOPEKALIGENSE WOLLE F. MINUS (TURN.) SCOTT & PRESG. IS AN ORIENTAL AND BRAZILIAN FORMA; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR BEES- ROTAENIUM OVATUM NORDST.. THE EXAMINATION OF THE PLANTS WAS MADE WITH A SPEN- CER BREWMASTER'S MICROSCOPE, MODEL NO. 55M0. ALL DRAWINGS WERE MADE WITH THE HELP OF A SPENCER CAMERA LUCIDA, MODEL No. 500. ABREVIATIONS OF PERIODICALS, WHEN POSSIBLE, FOLLOW THE P. BROWN & G. B. STRATTON, EDIT.. I965-I965. WORLD LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS, PUBLISHED IN THE YEARS I900-I960. BUT- TERWORTHS SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. WASHINGTON. 4TH. ED.. SINCE THE AREA FROM WHICH I HAVE COLLECTED IS SOMEWHAT RESTRICTED COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE STATE OF SAD PAULO, THE PRESENT THESIS IS FAR FROM REPRESENTING THE DESMID FLORA OF THE ENTIRE STATE. IT IS ONLY A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OFSUCH A PROFUSE FLORA, AN INCENTIVE AND PROBABLE HELP TO THE FUTURE STUDENTS WHO WOULD BE INTERESTED IN THE BRAZILIAN DESMIDS. ALL THE MATERIAL I CITE IN THE PRESENT THESIS IS AVAIL- ABLE AT THE CRYPTOGAMIC SECTION OF THE 'INSTITUTO DE BOTANICA DE SAD PAULO', CAIXA POSTAL 4005, SAD PAULO, BRAZIL. THE MAIN PART OF THIS MATERIAL IS PRESERVED IN 4 PER CENT FORMALIN AND SOME HAVE BEEN KEPT AS EXSICCATAE. A G E O L O G I C A L N O T E O N T H E R E G l O N S T U D | E D THE BRAZILIAN RELIEF IS CHARACTERISTIC, IN ITS OUTLINE, BY THE GREAT PREVALENCE OF PENEPLANES. A GLANCE AT THE TOPO- GRAPHICAL MAP OF THE STATE OF SAD PAULO SHOWS ITS RELATIVELY SIMPLICITY OF FORMS, ASSOCIATED WITH AN EQUALLY SIMPLE STRUCTURE PARALLEL TO THE COASTAL LINE THERE IS THE SO CALLED 'SERRA DO MAR' (SEA MOUNTAINS) THAT, ACCORDING TO THE GEOMORPHOLOGISTS , SHOULD BE BETTER DEFINED AS THE SCARP OR SLOPE OF THE AMAZONIAN SHIELD, SINCE THE OPPOSITE SLOPE REALLY DOS NOT EXIST. HERE WE HAVE EXPOSURE OF THE CRYSTALLINE BED, THE MORE STRESSED FORMS DEMONSTRATING THE MORE JAGGED TOPOGRAPHY OF CERTAIN AREAS. HOW- EVER, EVEN IN THESE AREAS IN WHICH THE UNDERLYING STRATA ARE SLOPING, BECAUSE OF ANCIENT FOLDINGS, THERE ARE COMMONLY OBSERV- ED ENOURMOUS FLATTENED SURFACES DUE TO INTENSIVE EROSION. WHEN ONE CLIMBS THE 'SERRA DO MAR' THE CRYSTALLINE BED MAY BE SEEN SLOPING TO THE WEST, EVENTUALLY REPLACED AT THE SUR- FACE BY SEDIMENTARY STRATA (USUALLY ARENITE) AND LAYERS OF ERUP— TIVE BASIC ROCKS. IN THE PARANA VALLEY, THE ENORMOUS INTRUSION OF BASIC LAVA IN THE BEGINING OF THE MESOZOIC — THE PARANA TRAP - GAVE ORIGIN TO A GIGANTIC STAIRWAY DIRECTED TO THE WEST AND NORTHWESL ARENITES AND BASALTS WILL, HOWEVER, SHOW THEIR STRATA GENTLY SLOPING AND, TOPOGRAPHICALLY, FORMING THE WIDE UNDULATIONS OF A TYPICAL PENEPLANE. THE SOUTH PART OF THE STATE IS VERY DISTINCT BY THE OCCURRENCE OF LIMESTONE FROM THE 0RDOVICIAN, DIRECTLY OVERLYING PRE-CAMBRIAN STRATA FROM THE ALGONKIAN. THIS IS A PARTICULARLY BEAUTIFUL REGION, FAMOUS FOR ITS CALCAREOUS CAVES IN WHICH A FAN- TASTIC WONDERFUL WORLD OF SCULPTURES DUE TO THE HANDIWORK OF THE UNDERGROUND WATER IS CONSTANTLY DISPLAYED. As A RULE FOR ALL THE BRAZILIAN TERRITORY, THE STATE OF SAD PAULO IS VERY RICH IN RIVERS AND STREAMS AND, CONVERSELY , POOR IN LAKES AND PONDS. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND AN AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL OF ABOUT I,500 MILIMETERS (OR ABOUT 60 INCHES), INNUMERABLE TEMPORARY POOLS CAN BE FORMED, IN WHICH ALGAE CAN GROW PROFUSELY FOR THE MOST PART OF THE YEAR. THE WATER IS TYPICALLY SOFT AND SLIGHTLY ACID (PH 4.5- 6.0); HARD WATER CAN ONLY BE FOUND IN THE SOUTH CALCAREOUS RE- GION OF APIAHY. S Y S T E M A T I C A C C O U N T M E S O T A E N I A C E A E MESOTAENIUM NAGELI, I849 MESOTAENIUM 25 GREYI TURN. VAR. BREVE W. WEST d. LINN. SOC. (BOT.) [TLONDON;7.Ig2: I5l, PL. 20, FIG. 6. I892. (PL. III, FIG. 5) CELLS CYLINDRICAL, STRAIGHT OR CURVED AND WITH ROUNDED POLES; CHLOROPLAST AN AXILE PLATE. LENGTH OF CELL 5|.0U; BREADTH 22.IU. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - 0N DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I7). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW To BRAZIL. THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGEST AND MOST CHARACTERISTIC SPE- CIES OF THE GENUS. IT CAN BE CONFUSED WITH MESOTAENIUM MACROCOC— CUM (K6Tz.) ROY & BISS. AND MESOTAENIUM CHLAMYDOSPORUM DE BARY , FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS, HOWEVER, BY BEING MUCH WIDER AND HAVE DIFFERENT CELL PROPORTIONS. MESOTAENIUM ENDLICHERIANUM NAG. EINz. ALG. [TEURICH;7. I08, T. 6, FIGS. B A-F. I849. (PL. III, FIG. 6) CELLS CYLINDRICAL, STRAIGHT AND WITH BROADLY ROUNDED A- PICES; CHLOROPLAST AN AXILE PLATE WITH I PYRENOID IN EACH SEMI- CELL. LENGTH OF CELL 40.83; BREADTH I0.2U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. MESOTAENIUM MACROCOCCUM (KDTz.) ROY & BISS. ANN. SCOT. NAT. HIST. [TEDINBURGH;7. I825 (I2): 254. I894. (PL. III, FIG. 8) CELLS CYLINDRICAL, STRAIGHT, WITH ROUNDED APICES; CHLO- ROPLAST AN STOUT AXILE PLATE OFTEN WITH TOOTHED MARGINS. LENGTH OF CELL 27.23; BREADTH l0.22, ZYGOSPORE SUBQUADRATE WITH ROUNDED ANGLES. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAzENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. IF THE CHLOROPLAST IS NOT WELL PRESERVED, THIS MATERIAL CAN BE CONFUSED WITH MESOTAENIUM ENDLICHERIANUM NAG.. FORTUNA- TELY, THE PRESENCE OF CHLOROPLAST WITH DEFINITELY TOOTHED MARGIN IN THE BRAZILIAN PLANTS ALLOWED THE AUTHOR TO CONSIDER IT A8.MEF SOTAENIUM MACROCOCCUM (K6Tz.) ROY & BISS.. MESOTAENIUM MACROCOCCUM (K6Tz.) ROY & BISS. VAR. MICROCOCCUM (KDT2.) WEST & WEST TRANS. YORKS. NAT. UN. Z7LEEDS47. Ea: 4|. I900. (PL. III, FIG. 9) CELLS MUCH SHORTER THAN IN THE TYPICAL FORM. LENGTH OF CELL I8.7U; BREADTH I0.2U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A WATER FALL IN PARACATU , MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 94). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS VARIETY AND THE TYPICAL ONE IS THE LENGTH OF THE CELL. THE CELLS OF THE PRESENT VARIETY ARE MUCH SHORTER THAN THOSE OF THE TYPE, BUT IN THEIR BREADTHAND OTHER RESPECTS THEY ARE PRECISELY SIMILAR. MESOTAENIUM MIRIFICUM ARCH. PROC. DUBL. NAT. HIST. SOC. [TDUBLINJ7. E (I): 50, PL. I, FIGS. 20-5I. I864. (PL. III, FIG. 7) CELLS ELLIPTICAL, STRAIGHT OR RARELY SLIGHTLY CURVED ; CHLOROPLAST A VERY NARROW AXILE PLATE WHICH IS OFTEN CURVED. LENGTH OF CELL 25.5-50.6U; BREADTH I5.6U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I9, 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. SPIROTAENIA DE BREBISSON, I848 SPIROTAENIA OBSCURA RALFS RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDONJ7. l79. T. 54, FIG. 2. I848. (PL. Ill, FIG. 4) CELLS CYLINDRICAL OR FUSIFORM, ATTENUATED TOWARD THE A- PICES, WHICH ARE ROUNDED; CHLOROPLAST AXILE, NOT QUITE REACHING THE POLES OF THE CELL, CRISTATE, WITH 5-8 PLATES SPIRALLY TWIST- ED TO THE LEFT, RARELY ALMOST STRAIGHT; PLATES THICKENED AT THE FREE MARGINS; PYRENOIDS SEVERAL. LENGTH OF CELL 96.93; BREADTH I7.IU. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, AREOLATE. HAB. - IN A DRAINAGE DITCH BEHIND THE MUSEUM BUILDING, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 90). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULo: PIRAS- SUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8; WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880). CYLINDROCYSTIS MENEGHINI, I858 CYLINDROCYSTIS BREBISSONII MENEGH. R. ACCAD. SCI. LET. ARTI PADOVA [TPADOVA;7.'4: 550. I858. (PL. III, FIGS. I-2) CELLS CYLINDRICAL, UNCONSTRICTED, WITH ROUNDED APICES; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS WITH A FEW RADIAT- ING PLATES. LENGTH OF CELL 57.4-68.03; BREADTH I5.5-28.9U. ZYGOSPORE INITIALLY QUADRATE AND THEN SPHERICAL OR SUB- SPHERI CAL TO SUBQUADRATE. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE MARGINS OFA CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 66); FORMING GREENISH SLIPERY MATS ON A CEMENT WALL AT 'ALTO DA SERRA' BIOLOGICAL STA- TION, PARANAPIACABA, SAD PAULO (SP 28877). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: ALTO DA SERRA, BELEM DO DESCALVADO (BORGE I9I8), PIRASSUNUNGA (WIT- TROCK & NORDSTEDT I882), SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAls: CALDAS (WILLE I884). CYLINDROCYSTIS BREBISSONII MENEGH. VAR. MINOR WEST & WEST TRANS. R. IR. ACAD.J[-DUSLIN;7.‘22 B: 20, PL. 2, FIG. 7. I902. (PL. III, FIG. 5) CELLS NARROWER AND SHORTER THAN IN THE TYPICAL FORM. LENGTH OF CELL 25.2-50.6U; BREADTH 8.5-II.9U. ZYGOSPORE SUBQUADRATE. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2!? ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45); IN GE- LATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE MARGINS OF A CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 65). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. CYLINDROCYSTIS CRASSA DE BARY VAR. NOV. (PL. IV, FIGS. I-4) CELLS ELLIPTICAL, UNCONSTRICTED AND UNISERIATELY ARRAN- GED WITHIN A GELATINOUS, BRANCHED, FILAMENTOUS MASS; APICAL VIEW CIRCULAR; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH 6 LONGITUDINAL RADIATINGPLA- TES; FREE MARGINS OF PLATES ENTIRE; A SINGLE PYRENOID IN EACH SEMICELL; CELL WALL HYALINE AND SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL (54.8-) 56.2-42.03; BREADTH l7.4-I9.0U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE MARGINS OF A CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE BAD PAULO-BRO- TAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 68). THIS VARIETY IS SUFFICIENTLY DISTINCT BY REASON OF THE FORM OF THE CELLS AND THE STRUCTURE OF ITS CHLOROPLASTS. THE UNISERIATE ARRANGMENT OF THE CELLS WITHIN GELATINOUS BRANCHED STRANDS CAN BE ALSO CONSIDERED AS A GOOD CHARACTERISTIC TO DE- LIMIT THIS VARIETY. THIS KIND OF HABIT WAS ALREADY MENTIONED BY GRBNBLAD (I955) FOR THE TYPE MATERIAL, FROM A SUBAERIAL SAMPLE GATHERED FROM KARIS, FINLAND. IN THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL, HOW- EVER, THE FILAMENTOUS HABIT IS MUCH MORE EVIDENT AND BRANCHING IS OF COMMON OCCURRENCE. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: CYLINDROCYSTIS CRASSA DE BARY VAR. ITIRAPINENSIS. ROYA WEST & WEST, I896 ROYA OBTUSA (BREB.) WEST & WEST d. R. MICROSC. Soc. [TLONDOMJ7. I52. I896. (PL. III, FIG. l0) CELLS CYLINDRICAL, VERY SLIGHTLY CURVED, APICES BROADLY ROUNDED; CHLOROPLAST AN AXILE PLATE WITH 4-8 PYRENOIDS; CELL WALL HYALINE AND SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL I25.8-|56.Qg; BREADTH 6.8-7.73. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE MARGINS OF A CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAO PAULO-BRO- TAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 66). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS SPECIES SEARS CONSIDERABLE RESEMBLANCE TO ROYA CAMBRICA WEST & WEST, BUT IS DISTINGUISHED BY ITS APICES BROAD- LY ROUNDED, NOT SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED, AND BY THE SMALLER NUMBEROF ITS PYRENOIDS. NETRIUM (NAGELI, I849) ITZIGSOHN & ROTHE IN RABENHORST, l856. NETRIUM DIGITUS (EHR.) ITZ. & ROTHE VAR. LAMELLOSUM (BRES.) GRBNBL. ACTA SOC. FAUNA FLORA FENN. ZTTELSINGFORSIAEJ7. 41 (4): I5. I920. (PL. III, FIGS. II-I2) CELLS VERY SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDREGION, TA- PERING TO THE APICES; APICES ROUNDED; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH ABOUT 6 LONGITUDINAL PLATES AND DEEPLY NOTCHED AT THE FREE MAR- GINS; CELL WALL SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL 285.83; BREADTH 52.53. ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL, SMOOTH AND THICK-WALLED. HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT THE lFAZEN- DA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I9). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULo: CAM- PINAS (KLEEREKOPER I944), PIRASSUNUNGA, SAO PAULO (BORGE I9I8); MATO GROSBO: COXIPO (BORGE I905); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONSLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA (BORGE I905). NETRIUM DIGITUS (EHR.) ITz. & ROTHE VAR. NAGELII (BREB.) KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. ZfLEIPZIGJ7.‘L2 (I): 2I8, T. 8, FIGS. 4-5 . 1957- (PL. III, FIG. I4) CELLS OBLONG-LANCEOLLATE, APICES BROADLY ROUNDED. LENGTH OF CELL 85.0-I20.03; BREADTH 25.5-55.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 79); PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BOR- GESEN I890): ITAPURA (LEMMERMANN I9I5), PIRASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAIs: LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957); MATO GRosso: CORUM- BA, COXIPO (BORGE I905); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRO (NORDSTEDT I877). THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL BY ITS SMALLER SIZE AND BY HAVING SOMEWHAT NARROWER CELLS. SOMETIMES IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO DELIMIT THIS VARIETY FROM THE TYPICAL, BECAUSE A WIDE RANGE OF FORMS MAY OCCUR. 20 NETRIUM INTERRUPTUM (BREB.) LDTK. VAR. MINOR (BORGE) KR. ARK. BOT. zerPSALA, STOCKHOLM37.‘§ (I5): 69, T. 7, FIG. 5. I909 (PL. III, FIG. I5) CELLS CYLINDRICAL WITH BROADLY ROUNDED POLES; CHLORO- PLASTS 2 IN EACH SEMICELL, EACH WITH ABOUT 8 LONGITUDINAL PLATES; FREE MARGIN OF PLATES ENTIRE; APICAL VACUOLE CONSPI- CUOUS AND CONTAINING A SOLITARY MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL 6|.2-62.93; BREADTH l5.6-|7.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 97). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE BRAzILIAN MATERIAL IS SMALLER THAN THE MINIMUM LI- MITS GIVEN BY BORGE (I909) AND KRIEGER (I957). HOWEVER, THIS DIFFERENCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO JUSTIFY THE CRIATION OF A NEW FOR- MA WITHIN THE VARIETY, SINCE IN SHAPE AND OTHER REPECTS THE BRAZILIAN AND THE TYPICAL PLANTS ARE SIMILAR. G O N A T 0 Z Y G A C E A E GONATOZYGON DE BARY, I856 2| GONATOZYGON BREBISSONII DE BARY VAR. MINUTUM WEST & WEST J. R. MICROSC. SOC. [TLONDON;7. 282, PL. 5, FIG. I. I890. (PL. IV, FIG. 5) CELLS ABOUT I0 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER, NAR- ROWLY CYLINDRICAL AND SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED TO THE APICES, WHICH ARE SUSCAPITATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, MINUTELY AND DENSELY GRANULATE, GRANULES SOMETIMES SCARCELY VISIBLE, SOMETIMES STRONG- LY DEVELOPED AND VERY SHARP; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH 5- l6 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 75.L3; BREADTH 8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED To THE MARGINS OF A CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE BAD PAULO-BRO- TAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 65). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL GONATOZYGON ‘355- BISSONII DE BARY IN THE CONSIDERABLY SMALLER SIZE OF ITS CELLS. THIS VARIETY CAN BE CONFUSED WITH GONATOZYGON MONOTAE- .ELEE DE BARY, FROM WHICH IT Is USUALLY DISTINGUISHED BY THE FORM OF THE CELLS. IN GONATOZYGON BREBISSONII DE BARY VAR. MINUTUM WEST & WEST THE CELLS ARE MOSTLY SOMEWHAT FUSIFORM WITH SUSCAPI- TATE POLES. GONATOZYGON MONOTAENIUM DE BARY HAS QUITE CYLIN- 22 DRICAL CELLS, NEVER AT'TENUATED TOWARD THE POLES. GONATOZYGON MONOTAENIUM DE BARY RABENH. ALG. NO. 559. I856. (PL. IV, FIGS. 6-7) CELLS CYLINDRICAL WITH SLIGHTLY DILATED APICES; CELL WALL MINUTELY AND DENSELY GRANULATE; GRANULES SOMETIMES VERY INDISTINCT AND SOMETIMES STRONG AND SHARP, EVEN PAPILLIFORM ; 6-9 PYRENOIDS IN EACH CHLOROPLAST. LENGTH OF CELL 75.I-255.03; BREADTH 8.5-I5.03. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE MARGINS OF A CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 65). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA (BORGE I905), PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GROMBLAD I945). A FEW SPECIMENS FOUND IN THE SAMPLE NO. 65 WERE SOME- WHAT SMALLER THAN THE USUAL LIMITS GIVEN BY WEST & WEST (I904) 25 AND KOSSINSKAJA (I952). GRDNSLAD (I945) MENTIONS ONE SPECIMEN MEASURING 69.0 x 9.23 FROM HIS SAMPLE NO. I64, GATHERED FROM A SMALL POND ('TUMPEL') FROM 'FAZENDA TAPERINHA', IN THE STATE OF PARA, WHICH HE REFERS IN HIS PLATE I, FIG. 5, AS FORMA MINOR. NO DESCRIPTION WAS GIVEN BY GRBNBLAD AND I PREFER TO CONSIDER BOTH PLANTS AS TYPICAL FORMS. D E S M I D I A C E A E PENIUM DE BREBISSON, I844 PENIUM CYLINDRUS (EHR.) BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON;7. I50, T. 25, FIG. 2. 1848. (PL. IV, FIG. 8) CELLS ABOUT 2-4 (-6) TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER, CYLINDRICAL, NOT CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDREGION, APICES TRUNCATELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL REDDISH-BROWN IN COLOR (YOUNG PARTS OFTEN COLORLESS), FURNISHED WITH LONGITUDINAL ROWS OF MINUTE GRANULES, WHICH ARE OFTEN SCATTERED ESPECIALLY NEAR THE EXTREMITIES; CHLO- ROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH I OR 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 25.7-27.53; BREADTH II.9-I5.63. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. 24 FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED To THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO- BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL (BORGE I905). PENIUM MARGARITACEUM (EHR.) BREE. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON;7. I49, T. 25, FIGS. I A-C, T. 55, FIG. 5. I848. (PL. IV, FIGS. 9-l0) CELLS ABOUT 5-I5 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER, CY- LINDRICAL, SLIGHTLY BUT DISTINCTLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE , APICES BROADLY ROUNDED; CELL WALL SOMEWHAT REDDISH-SROWN IN COLOR, FURNISHED WITH LONGITUDINAL ROWS OF GRANULES; CHLORO- PLASTS WITH ABOUT I0 LONGITUDINAL PLATES, OFTEN SHOWING A SLIGHD- LY MEDIAN INTERRUPTION, AND I ROD-LIKE OR 2 GLOBOSE PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I2I.2-208.53; BREADTH 25.4-26.03. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH (MOSTLY SOMEWHAT LONGER THAN BROAD). HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- 25 ROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 97). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: SANTO AMARO (KLEEREKOPER I959); MATO GROSSO: SAO LUIS DE CACERES (BOR- GE I925); PARA: MONTE ALEGRE (DICKIE I88l). PENIUM MARGARITACEUM (EHR.) BREB. F. GLABRA MESS. ARCH. HYDROBIOL. ZTéTUTTGARTJ7.‘fll (4): 550, T. 4 , FIGS. 4—4"". I955. (PL. IV, FIG. II) CELL WALL CONSPICUOUSLY SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; SIMILAR TO THE TYPE IN ALL THE OTHER CHARACTERISTICS. LENGTH OF CELL 78.23; BREADTH I5.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - 0N DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B.ZT ). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW To BRAZIL. THE PLANTS COLLECTED FROM RATIKON, SWITZERLAND, AND DESCRIBED BY MESSIKOMMER (I955) ARE MORE THAN TWICE THE LENGTH OF THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL FROM CAETE, MINAS GERAIS. HOWEVER, THEY PERFECTLY AGREE IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS. THE CONSPICUOUSLY SMOOTH AND COLORLESS CELL WALL OF THE 26 PLANTS OF THIS FORMA IS THE ONLY CHARACTERISTIC TO DISTINGUISH IT FROM THE TYPICAL PENIUM MARGARITACEUM (EHR.) BREB.. PENIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. F. MINOR BOUR. & MANG. ALG. GUADEL. ZTPARISJ7. 2I7, T. 27, FIG. 469. I952. (PL. IV, FIG. I2; PL. V, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD, SUBCYLINDRICAL , SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, VERY GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES, WHICH ARE TRUNCATELY ROUNDED; CELL WALLCOLOR- LESS, WITH STRAIGHT ROWS OF BROKEN STRIAE, WHICH APPEAR As ROWS OF DASHES RATHER THAN AS PUNCTAE; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. ' LENGTH OF CELL 57.4-40.83; BREADTH I7.0-I8.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I5.5-I7.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A WATER FALL IN PARACATU , MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 94). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. PENIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. VAR. PARALLELUM KR. F. NOV. (PL. IV, FIG. I5) 27 CELLS MUCH SMALLER, CYLINDRICAL, WITH APICES BROADLY TRUNCATE; ALL OTHER CHARACTERISTICS VERY SIMILAR TO THE TYPE. LENGTH OF CELL 54.03; BREADTH I2.83; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I|.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A WATER FALL IN PARACATW MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 94). THE CONSISTENTLY SMALLER SIZE OF THE CELLS OF THE PRE- SENT FORMA IS THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IT AND THE TYPICAL EE' NIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. VAR. PARALLELUM KR.. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: PENIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. VAR. PARALLELUM KR. F. MINUS. CLOSTERIUM NITZSCH, I8I7 CLOSTERIUM ABRUPTUM W. WEST .J. R. MICROSC. SOC. [LONDON-7. 7|9, T. 9, FIG. I. I892. (PL. V, FIGS. I5-I4) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, THE MEDIAN PORTION ALMOST STRAIGHT, THE VENTRAL MARGIN MORE CURVED TOWARD THE EXTREMITIES, GRADUALLY BUT SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES RE- LATIVELY BROAD AND TRUNCATE; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS OR 28 STRAW-COLORED; CHLOROPLASTS WITH 2 OR 5 LONGITUDINAL PLATES AND CONTAINING A CENTRAL ROW OF 4-6 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH A SINGLE LARGE MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL I80.03; BREADTH I5.03. ZYGOSPORE SELDOM OBSERVED. ACCORDING TO WEST & WEST (I896) IT IS GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH; GRBNSLAD (I920), HOWEVER, DES- CRIBES IT AS ELLIPTICAL, NOT SO ROUNDED. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO BRANCO: SERRA DA LUA (FORSTER I965). CLOSTERIUM ACEROSUM (SCHR.) EHR. SYMB. PHYS. PHYTOZOA [TBEROLINL;7. T. 2, FIG. 9. I828. (PL. VI, FIG. 2) CELLS ALMOST STRAIGHT, NARROWLY FUSIFORM, THE OUTER MAR- GIN SLIGHTLY CURVED AND THE INNER MARGIN ALMOST STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CDNVEX; SEMICELLS GRADUALLY TAPPERING TO THE APICES; A- PICES SLIGHTLY RECURVED, NARROW AND ROUNDED-TRUNCATE, OFTEN SLIGHTLY THICKENED; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH OR YELLOWISH- 29 BROWN AND VERY DELICATELY STRIATE; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A MEDIAN SERIES OF 6-I6 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH.ANUMBER OF MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 205.5-565.03; BREADTH 52.0-60.03. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 97). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULo: CAMPI- NAS (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I889); MATO GROSSO: CORUMSA (BORGE I925), CUIABA (BORGE I903); GOIA3:FOR- MOSO (PRESCOTT I957); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL (BORGE I905). THE CELL WALL IS USUALLY COLORLESS AND SMOOTH IN THE YOUNG CELLS, BECOMING YELLOWISH-BROWN AND VERY DELICATELY STRIA- TE IN THE OLDER SPECIMENS. STRIAE, WHEN PRESENT, FINE AND IM- POSSIBLE TO COUNT EVEN IN THE OLDER INDIVIDUALS. THIS ALGA, IF PRESENT, OFTEN OCCURS ABUNDANTLY, THE CELLS USUALLY IRREGULARLY IN OUTLINE DUE To RAPIDITY OF CELL- DIVIDION. 50 CLOSTERIUM CORNU EHR. PHYS. ASH. AKAD. [TWIEN;7.‘22: 62. I850. (PL. V, FIG. 5) CELLS MODERATELY CURVED, INNER MARGIN SLIGHTLY CONCAVE AND USUALLY STRAIGHT IN THE MEDIAN PART, GRADUALLY TAPPERING TO THE APICES; APICES NARROW, ROUNDED TO ROUNDED-TRUNCATE; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS WITH 2-5 PYRENOIDS; A- PICAL VACUOLES WITH I MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL 9|.83; BREADTH 6.83. ZYGOSPORE VARIABLE. THE BODY IS SUBQUADRATE OR RECTAN- GULAR, SIDES STRAIGHT, CONCAVE OR SLIGHTLY CONVEX, ANGLES ROUND- ED AND SUBMAMILLATE. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MINAS GERAIS: LA- GOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT l870, WARMING I892); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRES- COTT I957); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). THIS SPECIES SEARS CONSIDERABLE RESEMBLANCE To CLOSTE- RIUM GRACILE BRES., BUT THE CELLS ARE MORE STRONGLY CURVED AND THE APICES MORE TRUNCATE. THE ZYGOSPORE SEEMS TO BE THE BEST 5| CHARACTERISTIC TO SEPARATE THE SPECIES. CLOSTERIUM COSTATUM CORDA ALM. CARLSB. [TPRAGUE;7. I825: I85, I90, I94, 209, T. 5, FIGS. 6I-65. I855. (PL. VII, FIGS. 8-9) CELLS MODERATELY CURVED AND GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TO THE APICES; APICES ROUNDED, TRUNCATELY ROUNDED, OR TRUNCATE-CONICAL; CELL WALL REDDISH-BROWN, COSTATE; 6-I0 COSTAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, EACH WITH 6-I2 PYRENOIDS IN ONE AXILE SERIES; APICAL VACUOLES WITH NUMEROUS MOVING GRANU- LES. LENGTH OF CELL 224.43; BREADTH 50.63. ZYGOSPORE EXTREMELY RARE, GLOBOSE OR OVOID-GLOBOSE ; SMOOTH. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2l6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULo: SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8). 52 CLOSTERIUM CYNTHIA DE NOT. DESM. ITAL. ZTSENOVA47. 65, T. 7, FIG. 7|. I867. (PL. VII, FIG. I0) CELLS STRONGLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN NOT TUMID IN THE MIDREGION, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES OB- TUSELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL PALE YELLOW TO YELLOWISH-BROWN IN COLOR AND FINELY STRIATE; l4—I6 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS 2 OR 5 LAMELLATE AND WITH 5-6 PYRENOIDS IN ONE A- XILE SERIES; APICAL VACUOLES WITH I MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL II9.0-I70.Q3; BREADTH I4.5-25.53. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAUL0: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MATO GRosso: COXIPO (BORGE I925) ; PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRo: ITATIAIA (KRIEGER I950). THIS SPECIES CAN BE CONFUSED WITH CLOSTERIUM PARVULUM NAG. AND CLOSTERIUM VENUS K6T2.. THE BEST CHARACTERISTIC USUAL- LY USED TO SEPARATE CLOSTERIUM CYNTHIA DE NOT. FROM THE TWO ABO- VE MENTIONED SPECIES IS THE STRIATION OF THE CELL WALL, NOT PRES- 53 ENT IN CLOSTERIUM PARVULUM NAG. AND CLOSTERIUM VENUS K6T2.. CLOSTERIUM DIANAE EHR. INFUS. [TLEIPZIG;7. 92, T. 5, FIGS. XVII, I-6. I858. (PL. V, FIGS. II-I2) CELLS MODERATELY CURVED, INNER MARGIN CONCAVE TO SLIGHT— LY TUMID IN THE MEDIAN PART, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THEA- PICES; APICES OBTUSELY ROUNDED, WITH THE DORSAL MARGIN OSLIQUE- LY TRUNCATE AND THICKENED; CELL WALL SMOOTH, REDDISH-BROWN IN COLOR; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A SINGLE ROW OF 5.8 PYREN- OIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH MANY MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 255.53; BREADTH I7.03. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGY— 53 SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW FLOATING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAOPMU- L0 (C.E.M.B. 48). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BOR- GESEN I890); GOIAs: CONCEICAO (FORSTER I964); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRO: RIO D'OURO (WILLE I884). 54 CLOSTERIUM DIANAE EHR. VAR. ARCUATUM (BREB.) RABENH. FL. EUR. ALG. [TLIPSIAE;7.‘5: I55. I868. (PL. VI, FIG. I) CELLS SOMEWHAT SMALLER AND CONSPICOUSLY MORE ARCUATE THAN THE TYPICAL FORM; CELL WALL PALE-YELLOW IN COLOR AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS OBSCURELY LAMELLATE, WITH A SINGLE SERIES OF ABOUT 6 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I46.2-I49.63; BREADTH I5.63. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE MARGINS OF A CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE BAD PAULO—BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 66). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. CLOSTERIUM DIDYMOTOCUM RALFS VAR. MINUS WEST & WEST ANN. R. BOT. GDN. CALCUTTA [TCALCUTTA;7. 6 (2): I9I, T. I5 , FIG. I8. I907. (PL. VI, FIGS. 5-6) 55 CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN VERY SLIGHTLY CONCA- VE OR ALMOST STRAIGHT, GRADUALLY AND SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES BROAD AND TRUNCATE, WITH ROUNDED ANGLES;CELL WALL REDDISH-BROWN OR YELLOWISH-BROWN IN COLOR, SMOOTH OR VERY FINELY STRIATE; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A SERIES OF 5-7 PYRENOIDS IN EACH; APICAL VACUOLES WITH MANY MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 247.5-257.53; BREADTH 55.8-55.73. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: BAHIA: MINAS DE CONTAS (FBRSTER I964). CLOSTERIUM GRACILE BREB. Csz. MICR. [Puma]. 272. I859. (PL. VII, FIGS. I-2) CELLS BLENDER, ALMOST STRAIGHT FOR MORE THAN HALF THEIR LENGTH, INNER MARGIN STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONVEX, GRADUALLY NAR- ROWED AND GRACEFULLY CURVED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES TRUNCATE; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS OR SELDOM YELLOWISH-BROWN; CHLORO- PLASTS SOMETIMES SUBUNDULATE, WITH 5-7 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VA- I A - IS ‘ Irv.- I3. ( D (II b) h )n i W A" A U VI... 2.:IN A ~ 4 ‘\ by. a a ..., NM an Va. J’W AN A 'b‘I: Ill ‘ ‘U' 56 CUOLES WITH I TO SEVERAL MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL lI7.3-240.QU; BREADTH 5.1-8.§U. ZYGOSPORE VARIABLE, RARELY GLOBOSE AND MORE OFTEN ANGUL- AR—GLOBOSE OR SUBQUADRATE WITH ROUNDED ANGLES, SMOOTH. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLow-FLowING STREAM BETwEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAC PAULO (C.E.M.B. #7); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2l6 AND 2!? ON THE SXOFMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 57); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE 830 PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SXO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MXE D'AGUA‘, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GRosso: CO- XIP6, CUIABA, SERRA DA CHAPADA (BORGE I905), PORTO DO CAMPO, SAO LUFS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945) ; RIO GRANDE DO SUL: PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). CLOSTERIUM GRACILE BREB. IS A COMMON SPECIES. IT CANBE CONFUSED WITH CLOSTERIUM CORNU EHR., FROM WHICH DIFFERS BASICALur BY ITS LESS UNIFORM CURVATURE, ITS PROPORTIONATELY GREATERLENGTH AND STRAIGHTER MEDIAN PART OF THE CELL, AND BY THE FORM OF THE ZYGOSPORE. 57 CLOSTERIUM INFRACTUM MESS. VAR. NOV. (PL. V, FIGS. 6-7) CELLS NOT CURVED, INNER MARGIN STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTur CONCAVE, OUTER SIDE CONVEx, USYMMETRICALLY ATTENUATED TO THE APICES; APICES BROADLY TRUNCATE, WITH ONE LARGE THICKENING ; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS WITH A SINGLE PYR- ENOID; APICAL VACUOLES NOT SEEN. LENGTH OF CELL 28.9-54.Qg; BREADTH I4.5—|7.Qg. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HA8. - PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE EN- TRANCE OF THE 830 PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 93). THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL FORM BY THE OUT- LINE OF ITS CELL AND ITS RELATIVELY GREATER DIAMETER. IT IS CLOSELY ALLIED TO CLOSTERIUM PUSILLUM HANTZ. VAR. MONOLITHUM WITTR. F. TERRESTRE SKUJA, FROM WHICH CAN BE DISTINGUISHED BY ITS SOMEWHAT GREATER DIAMETER, ITS STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLYCON- CAVE INNER MARGIN, AND THE PRESENCE OF A LARGE THICKENING INEACH APEX OF THE CELL WALL. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: CLOSTERIUM INFRAC- TUM MESS. VAR. SANPAULENSIS. as CLOSTERIUM KDTZINGII BREB. VAR. LAEVE (RAC.) KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. [TLEIPZIG;7.'L2 (I): 555, T. 2, FIG. I0.|957. (PL. VII, FIG 5) CELLS ALMOST STRAIGHT, MEDIAN PORTION FUSIFORM-LANCEO- LATE, ATTENUATED TOWARD EACH EXTREMITY INTO LONG, COLORLESS, SE- TACEOUS PROCESSES; APICES SLIGHTLY INCURVED, ROUNDED; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE AND WITH A MEDIAN ROW OF 4-7 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES LARGE, SITUATED AT THE BASE OF THE APICAL PROCESSES, CONTAINING SEVERAL MOVING GRANU- LES. LENGTH OF CELL 487.53; BREADTH I5.63. ZYGOSPORE SUBRECTANGULAR, SIDES STRAIGHT OR CONCAVE, ANGLES TRUNCATE OR TRUNCATELY ROUNDED. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF OSCILLATORIA SP. IN A SLUGGISH CREEK AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 4). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: GOIAS: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957); PARA: NEAR QUATIPURU (SIOLI I960). THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL BY HAVING A CO- LORLESS AND SMOOTH CELL WALL. THE BRAzILIAN MATERIAL IS CONSISTENTLY LONGER THAN THE LIMITS PROPOSED BY RACIBORSKI (I892), FIRSTLY DESCRIBED AS CLOS- 59 TERIUM SETACEUM EHR. F. LAEVIS RAC.. THIS DIFFERENCE, HOWEVER, IS NOT TOO GREAT IF WE CONSIDER THE MEASUREMENTS GIVEN IN KRIE- GER (l957). I DID NOT CONSIDER SUCH DIFFERENCE SUFFICIENT TO CREATE A NEW FORMA OR VARIETY, BECAUSE ONLY ONE SPECIMEN WAS SEEN. IT AGREES PERFECTLY WITH THE DESCRIPTION FOR CLOSTERIUM fl KGTzINGII BREB. VAR. LAEVE (RAC.) KR., IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECT& CLOSTERIUM LATERALE NORDST. WITTR. & NORDST. ALG. EXSIC. [TLUNDAE;7. .§‘ NO. 585. I880. (PL. VI, FIGS. 9-I0, l5-I4) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN TUMID, GRADUALUYAT- TENUATED TO THE APICES; APICES TRUNCATE OR SUBTRUNCATE; CELL WALL STRAW-COLORED, FINELY STRIATE, 45-60 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS WITH ABOUT I0 RIDGES, AND A SINGLESERIES OF MANY PYRENOIDS IN EACH RIDGE; APICAL VACUOLES WITH MANY MO- VING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 522.5-557.03; BREADTH 52.5-5I.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HA8. - PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 96). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BOR- GESEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880, BORGE #0 I9I8); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). CLOSTERIUM LEIBLEINII KGTz. LINNAEA [TGENEVEJ7. SER. I’.§‘ 596, T. I8, FIG. 79. I855. CELLS MODERATELY TO STRONGLY CURVED, INNER MARGINSLIGHF— LY TO MODERATELY TUMID IN THE MIDREGION, GRADUALLY ATTENUATING TO THE APICES; APICES ACUTELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL USUALLY COLOR- LESS AND VERY SELDOM STRAw-COLORED OR YELLOWISH-BROWN, SMOOTH ; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE AND WITH 5-9 PYRENOIDS OISPOSED IN A SIN- GLE SERIES; APICAL VACUOLES LARGE, WITH SEVERAL MOVING GRANULES LENGTH OF CELL 85.0-I85.Qg; BREADTH 25.0-50.03. ZYGOSPORE SELDOM OBSERVED, SUBGLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BOR- GESEN I890): SXO PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962), SANTO AMARO(BOR- GE I9I8); GOIis: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957); MATO GRosso: CORUM. BA (BORGE I905, I925), PORTO DO CAMPO, SXO LUrS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRSNBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA, SILVEIRA MARTINS (BORGE I905); RIO DE JANE!- Ro: RIO D'0URO (WILLE I88h). 4| IT IS NEAREST To CLOSTERIUM MONILIFERUM (BORY) EHR. , FROM WHICH IT IS DISTINCT BY ITS GREATER CURVATURE AND ITS SOME- WHAT SMALLER SIZE. CLOSTERIUM LIBELLULA FOCKE VAR. INTERMEDIUM (ROY & BISS.) G. 8. WEST MEM. SOC. NEUCHAT. SCI. NAT. [TNEUCHATEE;7. '5: I05l, T. 25 , rues. 60-61. I9I4. (PL. V, FIG. 2) CELLS ELLIPTIc-OBLDNG, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED FROM THE MIDDLE To THE APICES; APICES ROUNDED-TRUNCATE; CELL WALLCDLOR- LESS OR YELLOWISH-BROWN, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS WITH 8-l2 LONGITU. DINAL LAMELLAE AND SEVERAL PYRENOIDS IN A SINGLE SERIES; APICAL VACUOLES WITH SEVERAL MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 88.2-IIO.5U; BREADTH 22.I-28.9U. ZYGOSPORE RARELY SEEN, GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52); IN GELA- TINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM AND MARGINS OF A VERY CLEAN AND FAST GREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 59); ON DRIPPING STONES OF 42 A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEM- 35, 3X0 PAULO (C.E.M.B. 79). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA, SANTO AMARO (BORGE I9I8); MATO GROSSO: PORTO DO CAMPO, SAD LUIS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GREN- BLAD I945). THIS VARIETY HAS CELLS SHORTER THAN IN THE TYPICALFDRM, BUT OTHERWISE PRECISELY SIMILAR. IT ALSO BEARS A GREAT RESEM- BLANCE To CLOSTERIUM NAVICULA (BREB.) LUTK., FROM WHICH DIFFERS IN HAVING THE ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH AND IN THE LARGER SIZE OF THE CELLS. SOME AUTHORS PREFER TO CONSIDER THIS PLANT AS PENIUM LIBELLULA (FOCKE) NORDST. VAR. INTERMEDIUM ROY & BISS., BUT AS- SIGNMENT IS DIFFICULT SINCE THIS IS ONE OF THE CASES WHERE THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN PENIUM AND CLOSTERIUM COMPLETELY BREAKS DOWN. CLOSTERIUM LOFGRENII BORGE ARK. BOT. [UPPSALA, STOCKHOLMJ. i5 (I5): I9, T. 2, FIG. 2. I9I8. (PL. VII, FIGS. I2-I5) CELLS MODERATELY CURVED, INNER MARGIN STRAIGHT ORSLIGHT- 1+5 LY TUMID, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES VERY SLIGHTLY INFLATED AND SOMEWHAT OBLIQUELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL STRAW-COLORED AND COSTATE; l6-I9 COSTAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE AND WITH AN AKIAL ROW OF PYREN- OIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH ONE MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL 277.53; BREADTH 60.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA, SANTO AMARO (BORGE I9I8). THE BRAZILIAN SPECIMENS ARE SOMEWHAT NARROWER THAN THO- SE DESCRIBED BY BORGE (I9I8). THEY AGREE, HOWEVER, IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS WITH THE ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. THIS SPECIES CAN BE CONFUSED WITH CLOSTERIUM LAGOENSE NORDST. AND CLOSTERIUM MALMEI BORGE. IT DIFFERS FROM CLOSTERIUM MALMEI BORGE IN HAVING THE CELL WALL STRAW-COLORED AND A GREATER NUMBER OF COSTAE ACROSS THE CELL. FROM CLOSTERIUM LAGOENSE NORDST. IT CAN BE DISTINGUISHED ONLY BY ITS LARGER SIZE OF THE CELLS. THE PROBABILITY OF THE PRESENT SPECIES BEING ONLY A VA- RIETY OF CLOSTERIUM LAGOENSE NORDST. MUST BE CONSIDERED. 44 CLOSTERIUM MONILIFERUM (BORY) EHR. INFUS. [TLEIPZIG;7. 9|, T. 5, FIG. I6. I858. (PL. V, FIG. 9) CELLS MODERATELY CURVED, INNER MARGIN DISTINCTLY INFLA- TED IN THE MIDDLE, UNIFORMLY NARROWED TO THE APICES; APICES OB- TUSELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE AND WITH A SINGLE SERIES OF 4-8 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VA- CUOLES WITH NUMEROUS MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL (I98.0-) 2I2.0-240.03; BREADTH 57.5- 52.52. ZYGOSPORE RARE, ELLIPSOIDAL AND SMOOTH, WITH AN ExTER- NAL MUCUOUS, LAMELLOSE COAT. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THEENTRAN- CE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PE- DRA BRANCA (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I889, BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MINAS GERAIS: LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA (BORGE I905), SEPO- TUBA (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRENBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL (BORGE I905). CLOSTERIUM MONILIFERUM (BORY) EHR. IS DISTINGUISHED 45 FROM CLOSTERIUM LEIBLEINII KDTZ. BY ITS LESSER CURVATURE AND U- SUALLY LARGER SIZE OF THE CELLS. FROM CLOSTERIUM EHRENBERGII MENEGH. IT DIFFERS IN ITS SOMEWHAT SMALLER SIZE AND IN HAVING THE PYRENOIDS OISPOSED IN ONE SINGLE SERIES IN THE CHLOROPLASTS. CLOSTERIUM NAVICULA (BREB.) LGTK. BEITR. BIOL. PFL. [BRESLAU_7. g: 595, 405, 408. I902. (PL. V, FIG. 5) CELLS STRAIGHT, ELLIPTIC-OBLONG, SYMMETRICALLY ATTEN- UATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES BROADLY ROUNDED; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE AND USUALLY WITH I OR RARELY 2 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH 2 OR 5 MOVING GRA- NULES. LENGTH OF CELL 56.5-68.03; BREADTH Il.5-|7.03. ZYGOSPORE SUBQUADRATE, COMPRESSED, WITH RATHER SHARPLY PRODUCED ANGLES TO WHICH THE EMPTY HALF-CELLS ARE ATTACHED. HAB. - 0N DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 26); INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF §:L- ROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BET- WEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA , SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 48); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM AND MARGINS OF A VERY CLEAN AND FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 46 22| AND 222 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 58); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MA- TO GROSSO: NEAR CUIABA, NEAR THE HEADWATER OF THE XINGU RIVER (SCHMIDLE I90I), PORTO DO CAMPO, SAD LUrS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNSLAD I945). THIS PLANT IS CONSIDERED BY SOME AUTHORS AS A SPECIES OF PENIUM - PENIUM NAVICULA BREB. - BUT, AS WEST & WEST (I904) POINT OUT, "THERE ARE EQUALLY GOOD REASONS FOR RETAINING IT IN THE GENUS CLOSTERIUM". IT IS ANOTHER CASE IN WHICH THE DIFFER- ENCES BETWEEN PENIUM AND CLOSTERIUM COMPLETELY DESAPPEAR. CLOSTERIUM NAVICULA (BREB.) LOTK. IS VERY CLOSELYALLIED TO CLOSTERIUM LISELLULA FOCKE, DIFFERING IN ITS SOMEWHAT SMALLER SIZE AND IN THE ANGULARITY OF THE ZYGOSPORE. CLOSTERIUM PARVULUM NAG. EINZ. ALG. ZTZURICH47. I06, T. 60, FIG. 2. I849. (PL. V, FIG. I0) CELLS STRONGLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN CONCAVE, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TO THE APICES; APICES ACUTELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL CO- 47 LORLESS OR VEY SELDOM YELLOWISH-BROWN, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS LA- MELLATE AND WITH A SINGLE SERIES OF (I-) 2-6 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH SEVERAL MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL (45.5-) 79.9-I52.6U; BREADTH (8.0-) 9.5- I5.5U. ZYGOSPORE ELLIPSOIDAL OR SUBGLOBOSE, SMOOTH. HAS. - 0N DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 27); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOT- TOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 216 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52, 55); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM AND MARGINS OF A VERY CLEAN AND FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22l AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 59); PLANKTON— Ic IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAD PAULO BO- TANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULD: SAD PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); GOIAs: FORMOSO, PEIxE (PRESCOTT I957); MATO GRosso: FDROMOSO CREEK (SCHMIDLE l90I), CORUMBA, CUIABA (BORGE I905), PORTO Do CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: MONTE ALEGRE (DICKIE I88I), SANTAREM (GRONSLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA, SILVEIRA MARTINS (BORGE I905). THE LESSER CURVATURE OF CLOSTERIUM PARVULUM NAG. DISTIN- GUISHES IT FROM CLOSTERIUM VENUS K6T2., AND IT IS INVARIABLY OF GREATER DIMENSIONS. IF ZYGOSPORES ARE AVAILABLE, DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOTH SPECIES BECOMES VERY EASY. CLOSTERIUM PORRECTUM NORDST. VAR. ANGUSTATUM WEST & WEST MONOGR. BRIT. DESM. ZTLONDOMJ7. L: II6, PL. II, FIG. I5. I904. (PL. VII, FIG. II) CELLS STRONGLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN CONCAVE, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES NARROW AND OBTUSELY ROUND- ED; CELL WALL COSTATE, SROWNISH IN COLOR; 4-8 COSTAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH SEVERAL PYRENOIDS IN A SINGLE SERIES; VACUOLES WITH A FEW MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL I44.5U; BREADTH I5.6U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM AND MARGINS OF A VERY CLEAN AND FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 59). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRONSLAD I945). THIS VARIETY HAS CONSIDERABLE RESEMBLANCE TO CLOSTERIUM ARCHERIANUM CLEVE, FROM WHICH DIFFERS BY THE SOMEWHAT MORE COAR- 8E STRIATION OF THE CELL WALL. HOWEVER, THERE ARE MORE COARSELY 49 STRIATE FORMS OF THE LATTER WHICH DEFINITELY CAN NOT BE SEPARAT- ED FROM CLOSTERIUM PORRECTUM NORDST. VAR. ANGUSTATUM WEST & WEST. CLOSTERIUM PRITCHARDIANUM ARCH. VAR. MAXIMUM NORDST. GFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FBRH. [TSTOCKHOLM;7.I2£ (5-4): I6. I877. (PL. VI, FIGS. 5—4) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, NOT TUMID IN THE MIDREGION, GRADUALLY ATTENUA- TED TO THE APICES; APICES SLIGHTLY CURVED, NARROWED, AND TRUNCA- TE-ROUNDED; CELL WALL FINELY STRIATE, YELLOWISH- TO REDDISH- BROWN IN COLOR; 55-60 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLORO- PLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH I0-I4 PYRENOIDS ARRANGED IN A CENTRAL SERIES; APICAL VACUOLES WITH MANY MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 780.03; BREADTH 82.53. ZYGOSPORE ONLY DCCASIONALLY FOUND, GLOBOSE, SUBGLOBOSE, DR OVOID, SMOOTH. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUN- GA, SAO PAULO (SP 7449). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL EXCEEDED A LITTLE THE LIMITS GI- VEN IN NORDSTEDT (I877). HOWEVER, FRITSCH (I9I8) REPORTS SOME 50 PLANTS FROM KAPLAND, AFRIKA, WITH UP TO I,7003 IN LENGTH. THIS VARIETY IS NEAREST To CLOSTERIUM TURGIDUM EHR., FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS IN ITS MUCH NARROWER AND TRUNCATE APICES. CLOSTERIUM RALFSII BREB. JENNER TUNBR. WELLS ZTTUNBRIDGE WELLS47. X. I845. (PL. VII, FIGS. 5-4) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN TUMID IN THE MID- REGION FOR OVER HALF THE LENGTH OF THE CELL, SOMEWHAT SUDDENLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE EXTREMITIES SOMEWHAT INCURVED AND DRAWN OUT; APICES OBTUSE; CELL WALL FINELY STRIATE AND YELLOWISH- BROWN OR REDDISH-BROWN IN COLOR; 28-55 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS OBSCURELY LAMELLATE, WITH A MEDIAN SE- RIES OF 5-9 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH A FEW MOVING GRAN- ULES. LENGTH OF CELL 450.0-525.03; BREADTH 60.02. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THEENTRAN- CE OF THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BOR— GESEN I890). 5| CLOSTERIUM ROSTRATUM EHR. PHYS. ASH. AKAD. [WIENJ. I85I: 67. I852. (PL. VII, FIG. 6) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, WITH THE MEDIAN PORTION FUSIFORM. LANCEOLATE, INNER MARGIN CONVEX, EKTREMITIES PROLONGUED INTO LONG, COLORLESS PROCESSES; CELL WALL STRAW-COLORED, FINELY STRIATE; 20-50 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS LA- MELLATE, WITH A SERIES OF 5.5 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES LARGE, SITUATED WITHIN THE BASE OF THE APICAL PROCESSES, CONTAINING MANY MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL I87.0-25I.6g; BREADTH 22.|-25.5U. ZYGOSPORE VERY COMMON, SOMEWHAT RECTANGULAR, WITH RE- TUSE MARGINS, ANGLES TRUNCATE AND CONCAVE. HAS. - IN A DRAINAGE DITCH NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUN- GA, SAO PAULO (SP 745I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GROSSO: PA- RANATINGA (SCHMIDLE I90I). THIS SPECIES CAN BE CONFUSED WITH CLOSTERIUM KBTZINGH BREB., FROM WHICH DIFFERS IN HAVING MUCH SHORTER AND MORE ROBUST APICAL PROCESSES, AND CELL WALL MORE FINELY AND DELICATELY STRIA- TE. 52 CLOSTERIUM SETACEUM EHR. PHYS. ASH. AKAD. [TWIEMJ7. I855: 259. l855. (PL. VII, FIG. 7) CELLS FUSIFORM-LANCEOLATE, ALMOST STRAIGHT, MEDIAN POR- TION NARROW, BOTH MARGINS EQUALLY CONVEx, EXTREMITIES PROLONGUED INTO BLENDER, SETACEOUS, COLORLESS PROCESSES, WHICH ARE SLIGHTLY INCURVED; APICES OBTUSE; CELL WALL COLORLESS OR STRAW-COLORED, FINELY STRIATE; 7-I5 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLORO- PLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH I-5 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITHIN THE SASE OF THE APICAL PROCESSES, WITH A FEW MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 2I7.5-258.03; BREADTH 8.5-I0.03. ZYGOSPORE OFTEN FOUND, SUBQUADRATE OR CRUCIFORM, WITH DEEPLY CONCAVE SIDES AND TRUNCATE ANGLES. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN BLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 57); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (86R- GESEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (BICUDO & BI- CUDO I962); MATO GROSSO: CUIASA (BORGE I905), SAD LUIS DE CA- CERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). 55 THE STRIATIONS ON THE CELL WALL OF THIS SPECIES ARE VE- RY FAINT AND IN SOME OF THE SMALLER SPECIMENS ARE SCARCELY EVI- DENT. CLOSTERIUM TUMIDUM JOHNS. BULL. TORREY SOT. CLUB [NEW YORK]. 22 (7): 29I, PL. 259, FIG. 4. I895. (PL. V, FIG. 4) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN SLIGHTLY T0 BROADLY TUMID IN THE MEDIAN PORTION, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THEAPI- CES; APICES TRUNCATELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH I-4 PYRENOIDS AXIALLY ARRANGED; A- PICAL VACUOLES WITH ONLY I MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL 7|.4-I68.5g; BREADTH I5.6-22.Ig. ZYGOSPORE SUBRECTANGULAR, WITH RETUSE SIDES; ANGLES PRODUCED AND TRUNCATELY ROUNDED; SIDE VIEW ELLIPTICAL. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- Lo-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 4|, 57). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA, SAD LUIS DE CA— CERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). 54 THIS SPECIES FIFFERS FROM CLOSTERIUM PUSILLUM HANTZ. VAR. MAJOR RAC. IN HAVING THE INNER MARGIN TUMID IN THE MIDRE- GION AND THE APICES MORE TRUNCATELY ROUNDED. THERE ARE, HOWEVER, MANY INTERMEDIATE FORMS IN WHICH DISTINCTION BETWEEN BOTH PLANTS IS VERY DIFFICULT, SPECIALLY IF WE DO NOT HAVE REPRODUCTIVE MA- TERIAL. THE ZYGOSPORES ARE VERY PECULIAR, IN BOTH PLANTS. CLOSTERIUM TURGIDUM EHR. INFUS. ZfLEIPZIGJ7. 95, T. 6, FIG. VII. I858. (PL. VI, FIGS. 7-8) CELLS SLIGHTLY TO MODERATELY CURVED, INNER MARGIN NOT TUMID IN THE MIDREGION, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE EXTREMI- TIES, WHICH ARE SLIGHTLY RECURVED; APICES SUBTRUNCATE; CELL WALL YELLOWISH-SROWN OR REDDISH-SROWN, FINELY STRIATE; 50-55 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A CENTRAL SERIES OF 7-I5 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH MANY M0— VING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 592.5-622.5g; BREADTH 52.5-75.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUN- GA, SAO PAULO (SP 7449). 55 BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: PI? RASSUNUNGA (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880, BORGE I9I8); MINAS GE- RAls: LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); MATO GROS- SO: CUIASA (BORGE I905), SAD LUFS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRO (BORGE I899). CLOSTERIUM TURGIDUM EHR. VAR. GIGANTEUM NORDST. WITTR. & NORDST. ALG. ExSIC. [TLUNDAE;7. g: No. 582. l880. CELLS MUCH LONGER THAN IN THE TYPICAL FORM; APICES BROADLY ROUNDED, DORSAL MARGIN OBLIQUELY TRUNCATE AND WITH 2 OR 5 THICHENINGS; MORE THAN |00 PYRENOIDS PER CELL. IN THE OTHER RESPECTS THEY ARE PRECISELY SIMILAR. LENGTH OF CELL 656.2-I,207.Qg; BREADTH 52.|-84.5U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - FORMING INVERTED FLOATING CONES OF CELLS ON THE WATER, OR COMPLETELY COVERING THE BOTTOM OF AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. I4, I5, I6); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 97). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: CAM- PINAS (BORGE I9I8), PIRASSUNUNGA (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880, 56 BORGE I9I8); GUANABARA: TIJUCA (BORGE I925); MATO GROSSO: PORTO DO CAMPO, SAD LUIS DE CACERES (BORGE I925). THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGEST KNOWN DESMIDS, REACHING A LENGTH OVER I,5003. IT SOMETIMES OCCURS IN IMMENSE QUANTITIES, STICKING TOGETHER BY THEIR MUCOUS ENVELOPE, AND FORMING IN- VERTED FLOATING CONES UP TO 2 INCHES HIGH, OR COMPLETELY COVER- ING THE BOTTOM OF CLEAN QUIET PONDS. CLOSTERIUM ULNA FOCKE PHYS. STUD. [TEREMEMJ7. L: 59, T. 5, FIG. 50. l847. (PL. VI, FIGS. II-I2) CELLS SLIGHTLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN CONCAVE, VERY SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; APICES TRUNCATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS OR PALE YELLOW, VERY FINELY STRIATE; 9-20 STRIAE VISIBLE ACROSS THE CELL; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A MEDIAN SERIES OF 6-I9 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES USUALLY WITH ONLY I LARGE MOVING GRANULE. LENGTH OF CELL |87.0-552.5g; BREADTH I|.9-I8.72, ZYGOSPORE RARELY SEEN. ACCORDING To DICK (I9I9) IT IS GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGYRA 57 SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45, 49). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. CLOSTERIUM ULNA FOCKE IS DISTINGUISHED FROM CLOSTERIUM INTERMEDIUM RALFS BY ITS MORE CURVED CELLS AND ITS SOMEWHATLESS ATTENUATED APICES. CLOSTERIUM VENUS KETz. PHYCOL. GERM. [TNORDHAUSENJ7, I50. I845. CELLS STRONGLY CURVED, INNER MARGIN CONCAVE, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TO THE APICES; APICES ACUTE OR ACUTELY ROUNDED ; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS OR MORE RARELY YELLOWISH-SROWN; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH I OR 2 PYRENOIDS; APICAL VACUOLES WITH SEVERAL MOVING GRANULES. LENGTH OF CELL 78.0-85.53; BREADTH 9.5-II.03. ZYGOSPORE NOT FREQUENTLY FOUND, OBLONG-RECTANGULAR WITH ROUNDED ANGLES, SHORTER SIDES RETUSE, LONGER SIDES CONVEx AND INFLATED IN THE MIDDLE; OFTEN TWISTED, THE 2 ANGLES AT ONE END OF THE ZYGOSPORE BEING OISPOSED IN A PLANE AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THAT CONTAINING THE 2 ANGLES OF THE OPPOSITE END. 58 HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: SAO PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MATO GRosso: BANDEIRA, CORUMBA, COKIPO, CUIASA (BORGE I905), PORTO DO CAMPO, SAD LUIS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA (BORGE I905). THIS SPECIES DIFFERS FROM CLOSTERIUM PARVULUM NAG. BY ITS GREATER CURVATURE AND USUALLY SMALLER DIMENSIONS. CLOSTE- .ELEE VENUS KGTz. HAS ALSO A VERY CHARACTERISTIC ZYGOSPORE , WHICH IS AT ONCE SUFFICIENT TO SEPARATE THIS SPECIES FROM ALL ITS PROBABLY ALLIES. KGTZING, IN THE ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, DOES NOT MENTION THE ExACT KIND OF CHLOROPLAST IT HAS. HIS STATEMENT OF "OBSCURE CHLOROPLASTS" AGREES PERFECTLY WITH HIS 0- RIGINAL DRAWING PUBLISHED LATER BY RALFS (I848). SOME OBSERVERS HAVE REMARKED ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF RID- GES IN THE CHLOROPLASTS OF THIS SPECIES. I HAVE ExAMINED MORE THAN 20 SPECIMENS FROM DIFFERENT LOCALITIES WITHIN THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, AND HAVE NEVER YET DETECT THEM. 59 CLOSTERIUM VENUS KBTz. VAR. INCURVUM (BREB.) KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. [TLEIPZIG;7..L5 (I): 275, T. I6, FIGS. 6-7. I957- (PL. V, FIG. 8) CELLS SHORTER AND SOMEWHAT MORE CURVED THAN IN THE TY- PICAL FORM. LENGTH OF CELL 5|.0-52.72; BREADTH 8.5-I5.5U. ZYGOSPORE JUST ONE REPORTED. ACCORDING TO DELPONTE (I876) IT IS GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 55); INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, sZo PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45, 50). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE GREATER DEGREE OF CURVATURE OF THE CELLS OF THIS VARIETY IS THE ONLY AVAILABLE CHARACTERISTIC TO SEPARATE IT FROM THE TYPICAL FORM, IF ZYGOSPORES ARE NOT AVAILABLE, SINCE MEASUREMENTS OVERLAP IN MOST INSTANCES. 60 PLEUROTAENIUM NAGELI, I849. PLEUROTAENIUM EHRENBERGII (BREB.) DE BARY CONJUGAT. [TLEIPZIG;7. 75. I858. (PL. VIII, FIGS. 5-4) CELLS ABOUT I5-20 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER, CY- LINDRICAL; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT VARIABLE IN FORM, NOT AT ALL OR SOMETIMES SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED FROM BASE TO APEx, WITH A SMALLBUT DISTINCT BASAL INFLATION AND I UNDULATION (SOMETIMES 2) IMMEDIA- TELY ABOVE IT, APICES TRUNCATE, BORDERED BY A RING OF 7-I0 CONI- CAL OR ROUNDED TUBERCLEB (4 OR 5 VISIBLE ACROSS THE APEX); CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS PARIETAL, NUMEROUS, EACH WITH I TO SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 258.4-545.03; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMI- CELL 25.5-47.62; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 25.8-59.Ig. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE OR ELLIPSOID—GLOBOSE, SMOOTH. HAS. - NEAR PIRASSUNUNGA CITY, SAD PAULO - THE ExACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7455). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULD: CAMPI- NAS (BORGE I9I8); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA (BORGE I905); RIO DE JANEIRO (BORGE I899). MANY INDIVIDUALS SHOWED A DISTINCT SHORTENING AND TUMID- 6| NESS OF THE SEMICELLS, BUT THERE WERE ALL GRADATIONS BETWEEN THESE AND THE TYPICAL FORMS. IDENTICAL OBSERVATION HAVE ALREADY BEEN MADE BY TAFT (I945) FROM MATERIAL GATHERED FROM PELEEISLAND IN THE WEST END OF LAKE ERIE, ONTARIO, CANADA. PLEUROTAENIUM MINUTUM (RALFS) DELP. VAR. MINUS (RAC.) KR. ARCH. HYDROBIOL. [TSTUTTGART;7. SUPPL. ‘Ll: I68. I952. (PL. VII, FIG. I4) CELLS ABOUT 8-I0 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER; SE- MICELLS ALMOST CYLINDRICAL, WITHOUT A BASAL INFLATION, 80ME~ TIMES VERY SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES, WHICH ARETRUN- CATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH OR VERY FINELY PUNCTATE; CHLO— ROPLASTS AXILE, IRREGULARLY LAMELLATE, WITH A CENTRAL ROW OF A- BOUT 6 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 62.9-74.83; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMICELL I0.2g; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 9.5g. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2|6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: RIO BRANCO: SER- 62 RA DA LUA (FBRSTER I965). THE POSITION OF THIS ALGA IN THE GENUS PLEUROTAENIUM IS SOMEWHAT QUESTIONABLE. WEST & WEST (I904) PREFERRED TO CONSIDER IT AS PENIUM. PLEUROTAENIUM OVATUM NORDST. DFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. F8RH. [TSTOCKHOLM;7..5: I8. I877. (PL. VIII, FIGS. 9-I0) CELLS ABOUT 5-4 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER; SE- MICELLS NEARLY OVATE, APICES TRUNCATE, BORDERED BY A RING OF 7- IO CONICAL OR ROUNDED TUBERCLEB (4 OR 5 VISIBLE ACROSS THE A- PEx); CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS PARIETAL , NUMEROUS, EACH WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 568.5-590.02; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMI- CELL 96.5-|27.5g; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 75.0-85.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95, 95); NEAR PIRASSUNUNGA, AT LAGEADO CITY, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7452). 65 BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MI- NAS GERAIS: CAPIVARI (NORDSTEDT I877); MATO GR0880: SAD LUIS DE CACERES (BORGE I925). THIS IS ONE OF THE COMMONEST SPECIES OF THE GENUS INTHE AREA I HAVE COLLECTED, AND WELL CHARACTERIZED BY ITS SOMEWHAT HOUR-GLASS-SHAPED CELLS. IT WAS FOUND MOSTLY IN ASSOCIATIONWHTH MICRASTERIAS DENTICULATA BREB. IN SEVERAL LOCALITIES AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, ALWAYS IN WATER WITH PH RANGE OF 4.2 TD 5.5. PURE GATHERINGS OF THESE TWO SPECIES ARE NOT UNCOMMON. IN THE GREAT MAJORITY OF THE SPECIMENS I HAVE EKAMINED, IT WAS NOTED THE PRESENCE OF A REOIIBH-BROWN GIRDLE AROUND THE ISTHMUS OF THE CELLS, MADE UP OF AN IRON COMPOUND, AND PROBABLY FE(OH)5. PLEUROTAENIUM OVATUM NORDST. VAR. TUMIDUM (MASK.) G. S. WEST VICTORIAN NAT. [TMELBORNEJ7.‘EQ: 2|. I906. (PL. VIII, FIG. II) STOUTER THAN THE TYPE; CELLS ABOUT 2 OR 5 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER; LATERAL MARGINS OF SEMICELLS MUCH MORE TU- MID JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS. LENGTH OF CELL 575.0-427.5g; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMI- “1| 64 CELL I27.5-|57.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 75.0-97.53. ZYGOSPORE, AS DESCRIBED BY G. 8. WEST (I909) FROM YAN YEAN RESERVOIR, AUSTRALIA, GLOBOSE; OUTER LAYER OF CELL WALL SMOOTH; MEDIAN LAYER WITH A NUMBER OF SCATTERED WARTS, 2.0-2.73 LONG; INNER LAYER LAMELLATE. LATTERLY, SOME MORE ZYGOSPORES WERE FOUND IN SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF TENMALAI, WESTERN GHATS, AND REPORTED BY RAMANATHAN (I962). UNLIKE THE ONE RECORDED SY WEST, THE BPINES SEEN IN THE PRESENT SPECIMENS WERE SHORT AND POINTEO, ARISING FROM THE OUTER COAT OF THE ZYGO— SPORE CELL WALL AS IN ALL OTHER DESMIDS. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95); NEAR PI- RASSUNUNGA, AT LAGEADO CITY, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7452). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: CAMPI- NAS (KLEEREKOPER I944); BAHIA: MINAS DE CONTAS (FBRSTER I964). THIS VARIETY APPROACHES VERY MUCH THE TYPICAL PLEUROTAE- NIUM OVATUM NORDST., EXCEPT FOR ITS MUCH MORE CONSPICUOUS TUMID- NESS OF THE LATERAL MARGINS OF ITS SEMICELLS. 65 PLEUROTAENIUM TRASECULA (EHR.) NAG. EINZ. ALG. ZTZURICH47. I29, T. 20, FIGS. 8-II. I849. (PL. VII, FIGS. I5-I7) CELLS ABOUT II-I8 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER , SUBCYLINDRICAL; SEMICELLS WITH l-5 BASAL INFLATIONS, SLIGHT AND GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES, LATERAL MARGINS ALMOST STRAIGHT, GENERALLY FAINTLY CONVEX, APICES TRUNCATE-ROUNDED, DES- TITUTE OF TUBERCLEB; CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLORO- PLASTS PARIETAL, ARRANGED IN IRREGULAR BANDS, ABOUT 4 PERCELL, WITH SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 257.53; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMICELL 55.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 50.03. ZYGOSPORE ELLIPSOID AND SMOOTH. HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957), SER- RA DE GOIAS (FBRSTER I964); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). PLEUROTAENIUM TRABECULA (EHR.) NAG. VAR. RECTUM (DELP.) WEST & WEST MONOGR. BRIT. DESM. [LONDON]. _I_: 2|2, PL. 50, FIGS. 9-I0. I904. 66 (PL. VIII, FIGS. I-2) CELLS SMALLER, l2-I8 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER; LATERAL MARGINS OF SEMICELLS ABOVE THE SLIGHT BASAL INFLATION STRAIGHT; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL I75.#-22I.03; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMI- CELL I5.6-I7.Qg; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I0.ZU. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GROSSO: POR- TO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD |9#5). PLEUROTAENIUM TRABECULA (EHR.) NAG. VAR. RECTUM (DELP.) WEST & WEST ONLY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL VARIETY IN THE SOME- WHAT SMALLER SIzE OF ITS CELLS AND IN THE STRAIGHTER LATEmM_MAR- GINS OF ITS SEMICELLS. PLEUROTAENIUM TRUNCATUM (BREB.) NRG. EINz. ALG. [T2URICHJ7. l04. I849. (PL. VIII, FIGS. 7-8) CELLS ABOUT 6-9 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER, SUB- 67 CYLINDRICAL; SEMICELLS WITH A DISTINCT BASAL INFLATION,SLIGHTLY TUMID AT THE MIDDLE, AND THEN GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE A- PICES, WHICH ARE BROADLY TRUNCATE OR TRUNCATELY ROUNDED, WITH A RING OF I5-I5 SMALL, DEPRESSED TUBERCLES (7 OR 8 VISIBLE ACROSS THE APEx); CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS PARIE- TAL, NUMEROUS, WITH MANY PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 465.0-840.Qg; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMI- CELL 45.0-55.QU; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 48.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN A DRAINAGE DITCH BEHIND THE MUSEUM BUILDING, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 90) ; PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8), SANTO AMARO (KLEEREKOPER I959), 830 PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MINAS GERAIs: CAPIVARI (NORDS- TEDT l877); Sclis: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957). PLEUROTAENIUM WALLICHIANUM (TURN.) KR. F. Nov. (PL. VIII, FIGS. 5-6) CELLS NARROWER THAN THE TYPE, ABOUT l8-20 TIMES LONGER 68 THAN THEIR DIAMETER, SUBCYLINDRICAL; SEMICELLS WITH A BASAL IN- FLATION AND I-5 UNDULATIONS IMMEDIATELY ABOVE IT, SIDES STRAIGHn NOT AT ALL OR SLIGHTLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES, WHICH ARE TRUNCATE, WITH A RING OF 24-50 MAMMILATE TUBERCLES (I5 OR I6 VI- SIBLE ACROSS THE APEX); CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLORO- PLASTS PARIETAL, NUMEROUS, WITH SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 675.03; BREADTH AT BASE OF SEMICELL 55.73. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SXO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). THIS NEW FORMA IS VERY DISTINCT FROM THE TYPICAL PLEU- ROTAENIUM WALLICHIANUM (TURN.) KR., IN HAVING THE CELLS MUCH MO- RE ELONGATE, IS-ZO TIMES AS LONG As THEIR DIAMETER. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: PLEUROTAENIUM WALLI- CHIANUM (TURN.) KR. F. ELONGATUM. TETMEMORUS RALFS, I844. TETMEMORUS BREBISSONII (MENEGH.) RALFS VAR. MINOR DE BARY CONJUGAT. [TLEIPZIG;7. 75, T. 5, FIG. 9. I858. 69 (PL. IX, FIG. 2) CELLS SUBCYLINDRICAL, 5 OR 4 TIMES LONGER THAN THEIR DIAMETER, CONSPICUOUSLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS A SHAL- LOW ACUTE-ANGLED OR NEARLY RECTANGULAR INCISION; SEMICELLS VERY SCARCELY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APEx, LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY RETUSE, APICES BROADLY ROUNDED, WITH A DEEP LINEAR MEDIAN INCISION; LATERAL VIEW OF CELL MORE FUSIFORM, SEMICELLS ATTENUATED; CELL WALL COLORLESS, MINUTELY SCROSICULATE OR PUNC- TATE, PUNCTATIONS ARRANGED IN DISTINCT LONGITUDINAL LINES; CHLO- ROPLASTS AxILE, WITH A SINGLE MEDIAN SERIES OF 4 OR 5 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 95.2-II5.6U; BREADTH (MAXIMUM) 22.I- 25.5g; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I8.7U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 744I). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: BAHIA (FBRSTER I964). 70 TETMEMORUS GRANULATUS (BREB.) RALFS ANN. MAG. NAT. HIST. ATLONDOM47.‘Lfl: 257, PL. 8, FIG. 2. I844. (PL. IX, FIG. I) CELLS NEARLY FUSIFORM, BOTH IN FRONT AND LATERAL VIEWS, 4-6 TIMES AS LONG AS THEIR DIAMETER, WITH A SLIGHT MEDIAN CONS- TRICTION, SINUS VERY SHALLDW; SEMICELLS GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TO THE APICES, LATERAL MARGINS SLIGHTLY CONVEx, APICES ROUNDED, WITH A DEEP LINEAR MEDIAN INCISION; CELL WALL COLORLESS, FINELY SCROSICULATE, SCROSICULATIONS USUALLY ARRANGED IN HORIZONTAL SE- RIES JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH A MEDIAN SERIES OF 5-7 PYRENOIDS. ‘ LENGTH OF CELL I80.0-200.62; BREADTH (MAXIMUM) 45.5- 47.62; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 57.5-44.53. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, WITH A THICK SMOOTH CELL WALL. HAS. - ON DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 79); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MINAS GERAIS: LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); PARA: MONTE ALE- GRE (DICKIE ISSI). THIS SPECIES SOMEWHAT RESEMPLES TETMEMORUS BREBISSONII My: «If: 31 (MENEGH.) RALFS, FROM WHICH IS DISTINCT BY ITS MORE SLENDER AND MORE FUSIFORM CELLS, AND BY THE DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF THE MARKINGS ON THE CELL WALL. EUASTRUM EHRENBERG, I852 EUASTRUM ANSATUM EHR. PHYS. ABH. AKAD. [WIENJ. I85I: 82. I852. CELLS ABOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS PYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED, LOWER PART OF LATERAL MARGINS CONVEx WITH A SLIGHT UNDULATION ABOVE THE BASAL ANGLES , UPPER PART OF MARGINS SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, APEx TRUNCATE-ROUNDED , WITH A NARROW AND MODERATELY DEEP MEDIAN INCISION; SEMICELLS WITH 5 INTUMESCENCES, 5 NEAR THE BASE AND 2 ACROSS THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL, A PORUS NEARLY IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL;LA- TERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS ELONGATE-PYRAMIDATE, WITH A PROTUBERANCE JUST ABOVE THE BASE ON EACH SIDE, UPPER PART OF MARGINS CONCAVE, APEX ROUNDED; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, WITH ONE PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE, ANOTHER CLOSE TO THE MARGIN, NEAR EACH POLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH I-5 PYRENOIDS. 72 LENGTH OF CELL 85.5-96.53; BREADTH 58.0-44.53; BREADnI OF ISTHMUS 7.5-l4.5g. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, DRNAMENTED WITH NUMEROUS ABRUPTLY- POI NTED BPINES. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BAHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MI- NAS GERAIs: CALDAS (WILLE I884), LAGOA SANTA (WILLE I884, WAR- MING I892); RIO BRANCO: SERRA DA LUA (FERSTER I965). THERE IS SOME CONFUSION ABOUT THE AUTHORITY FOR THIS SPECIES. WEST & WEST (I905) STATES THAT "THE EUASTRUM ANSATUM DESCRIBED BY EHRENBERG IN I852 IS A COSMARIUM WHICH IS NOW KNOWN TO OCCUR IN SEVERAL PARTS OF THE WORLD. THE EUASTRUM ANSATUM AS KNOWN TO ALL RECENT AUTHORS IS THE ONE ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED BY RALFS IN HIS BRITISH DESMIDS, AND THEREFORE RALFS MUST BE REGARD- ED AS THE AUTHORITY FOR THIS SPECIES". ENRENBERG'S ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION FOR THE PRESENT SPE- CIES IS VERY BRIEF AND SOMEWHAT POOR. BESIDES THIS, NI ILLUS- TRATION WAS GIVEN IN I852, WHICH COULD BE USED To PRECISELY CIR- 75 CUMSCRIBE THE SPECIES. HOWEVER, IN I858, THE SAME AUTHOR REDES- CRIBED THE SPECIES AND AS WELL AS GAVE SOME ILLUSTRATIONS THAT FULLY AGREE WITH THOSE IN RALFS (1848) FOR EUASTRUM ANSATUM.FUR- THERMORE, BELOW HIS DESCRIPTION FOR THE SPECIES, EHRENBERG (I858) INCLUDED, AMONG OTHERS, EUASTRUM ANSATUM EHR. IN PHYS. ABH. A- KAD. [TWIEMJ7.‘L§2L: 82. I852, AS A PLANT THAT WAS REGARDED AS IDENTICAL MATERIAL TO THAT HE WAS REDESCRIBING CURRENTLY. IN THESE CIRCUNSTANCES, AS DO MANY OTHER AUTHORS, IPRE- FER TO CONSIDER EHRENBERG AS THE AUTHORITY FOR EUASTRUM ANSATUM, AS DID RALFS IN I848. EUASTRUM ANSATUM EHR. VAR. CONCAVUM KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. erEIPZIGJ7.‘L2 (I): 487, T. 58, FIG. I2.I957. (PL. IX, FIG. 6) SEMICELLS WITH THE LOWER PART OF THE LATERAL MARGINSCON- VEx, WITH A SLIGHT PROTUBERANCE AT SOME DISTANCE ABOVE THE BASAL ANGLES, UPPER PART OF MARGINS CONCAVE, APEx ELONGATE AND SOMETI- MES SLIGHTLY DILATED, WITH A NARROW AND FAIRLY DEEP MEDIAN INCI- SION; A SINGLE INTUMESCENCE ABOVE THE ISTHMUS, IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL. LENGTH OF CELL 9|.8g; BREADTH 40.83; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I5.5g. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. 74 HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GROSSO: POR- TO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925). THE PLANTS I HAVE COLLECTED AT THE SAD'PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN ARE A LITTLE BIT LARGER THAN THE MAxIMUM LIMITS GIVEN IN KRIEGER (I957). HOWEVER, IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS THEY AGRRE PERFECTLY WITH KRIEGER'S DESCRIPTION FOR THE PRESENT VARIETY. COSMARIUM ANSATUM EHR. VAR. CONCAVUM KR. DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL IN HAVING THE BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT MORE CONICAL AND BY THE DIFFERENT NUMBER AND LOCATION OF THE PROTUBERANCES IN EACH SEMICELL. EUASTRUM ARCIFERUM BORGE ARK. BOT.‘Z’UPPSALA, STOCKHOLMJ7.‘L2 (I5): 59, T. 5, FIG. 2. I9I8. (PL. X, FIG. 5) CELLS ALMOST AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED, SI- NUS NARROWLY LINEAR OR OPEN WITH AN ACUTE OR LINEAR APEx; SEMI- CELLS 5-LOSED, BASAL LOBES SUBRECTANGULAR, APEx TRUNCATE, EACH ANGLE FURNISHED WITH A SMALL, SOMETIMES ROUNDED SPINE, AND AN- 75 OTHER SPINE BETWEEN THEM, CLOSE TO THE APICAL MARGIN, APICAL LO- BE WIDEST, SOMEWHAT SUBRECTANGULAR, WITH A MODERATE AND RELATI- VELY OPEN MEDIAN INCISION, ANGLES FURNISHED WITH 2 OR 5 BPINES, INTERLOBULAR INCISION MODERATELY DEEP AND WIDELY OPEN, WITH A PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE ABOVE THE ISTHMUS OF EACH SEMICELL ; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT ELONGATE-PYRAMIDATE, WITH A TRUNCATE PROMINENCE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE, UPPER PORTION OF MARGIN CONCAVE, APEx 5-ACULEATE; APICAL VIEW NEARLY ELLIPTIC, WITH A TRUNCATE PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE AND 5-A- CULEATE POLES; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE EACH WITH I PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 25.53; BREADTH 22.L3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.|3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOIiU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8). EUASTRUM BINALE (TURP.) EHR. VAR. HIANS W. WEST J. LINN. SOC. (BOT.) [TLONDONJ7.IES: I40, PL. 20, FIG. I4. I892. 76 (PL. IX, FIG. I5) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - | I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEER- LY CONSTRICTED, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR; SEMICELLS SUBPYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES SUBACUTE, OBLIQUELY TRUNCATE TOWARD THE SINUS, UP- PER PART OF LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, APEX BROAD AND TRUNCATE, RETUSE-EMARGINATE IN THE MIDDLE, UPPERANGLES DILATED TO FORM A MINUTE APICULUS; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS O- VATE, APEx ACUTELY-ROUNDED, WITH A SLIGHT PROTUBERANCE NEAR THE BASE ON EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, WITH A PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLORO- PLASTS AKILE, EACH WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 20.43; BREADTH I6.I3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL COSMARIUM BINALE (TURP.) EHR. IN THE OUTWARD APPEARANCE OF THE BASAL LOSE OF ITS SEMICELLS AND ON THE AVERAGE SMALLER SIZE OF THE PLANT. 77 EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE ARK. BOT. ZfUPPSALA, STOCKHOLM37. I: II2, T. 5, FIG. I. I905. (PL. IX, FIG. 5) CELLS ABOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD, SOMEWHAT DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR WITH A DILATED APEx; SE- MICELLS ELONGATE-TRAPEZIFORM, SOMEWHAT 5-LOSED, BASAL ANGLESSUB- RECTANGULAR-ROUNDED, BASAL LOBES SLIGHTLY RETUSE, POLAR LOSE NEARLY PYRAMIDATE, APEx BROADLY TRUNCATE, ROUNDED, WITH A MODERA- TELY DEEP, LINEAR MEDIAN INCISION, A CONSPICUOUS INTUMESCENCE AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL, JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS; LATERALVIEW OF SEMICELLS ELONGATE-PYRAMIDATE, BASE STRAIGHT, ANGLES SUBREC- TANGULAR ROUNDED, LOWER PORTION OF LATERAL MARGINS PARALLEL, UP- PER PART CONVERGENT TOWARD THE APICES BROADLY ROUNDED; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC WITH AN INFLATION IN THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL PUNCTATE, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH 2 DR 5 PYREN- OIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 86.I3; BREADTH 55.73; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I5.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MI- NAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: PI- 78 RASSUNUNGA, SANTO AMARO, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); AMAZONAs: 'I- GARAPE' TIPORON OF THE IA RIVER (FBRSTER I965); MATO GRosso:CO- KIPO (BORGE I905); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: PORTO ALEGRE (BORGEI905) EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE VAR. MINUS G. 8. WEST MEM. SOC. NEUCHAT. SCI. NAT. [TNEUCHATEL;7. 5: I052, T. 22, no. 57. I9I4. (PL. IX, no. 4) SMALLER THAN THE TYPE; SEMICELLS WITH I OR 5 PROTU- BERANCES, ALWAYS I IN THE MIDDLE, JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS, AND SOMETIMES ANOTHER ONE NEARLY IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH BASAL LOSE, CLOSE TO THE MARGIN; APICAL VIEW OF CELL SOMEWHAT ELLIPTICAL, WITH I OR 5 PROTUBERANCES ON EACH SIDE, IF WITH 5 THE MEDIAL ONE IN A LOWER PLANE. LENGTH OF CELL 6|.23; BREADTH 52.23; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS IO.23. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8). 79 EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE VAR. MINUS G. S. WEST’DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL FORM IN HAVING I OR 5 PROTUBERANCES ON EACH SE- MICELL, AND BY THE SMALLER SIZE OF ITS CELLS. IN ITS ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION G. 8. WEST (I9I4) REPORTS THE CELL WALL AS PUNCTATE. HOWEVER, BORGE'S (I9I8) ILLUSTRA- TIONS FOR THE SAME VARIETY DO NOT SHOW UP SUCH PUNCTATIDN. THE PRESENT MATERIAL GATHERED IN THE CITY OF SAD PAULO IS IS PERFECT AGREEMENT WITH BORGE'S FROM PIRASSUNUNGA. EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE VAR. SIMPLICIUS BORGE ARK. BOT. [TUPPSALA, STOCKHOLM37. L: II5, T. 5, FIG. 2. I905. (PL. IX, FIG. 5) SOMEWHAT SMALLER THAN THE TYPE; SEMICELLS COMPLETELY DESTITUTE OF INTUMESCENCES; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS NEARLY O- VATE, BASAL ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED; APICAL VIEW BROADLY ELLIP- TIC; CELL WALL SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL 49.5-66.53; BREADTH 25.5-54.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I0.23. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52); IN ADRAIN- 80 AGE DITCH NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (SP 745I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA, PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). THIS VARIETY CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TWO PRECEED- ING ONES CHIEFLY IN HAVING ITS SEMICELLS COMPLETELY DESTITUTE OF INTUMESCENCES- EUASTRUM DIVARICATUM LUND. VAR. TIETEENSE LBFGR. & NORDST. WITT. & NORDST. ALG. EXSIC. [TSTOCKHOLM;7. Lg: NO. 554. I885. (PL. X, FIG. 4) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - I I/4 TIMES LONGER THAN SROAD,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A DILA- TED APEx; SEMICELLS TRAPEZIFORM, SLIGHTLY 5-LOBED, BASAL ANGLES ACUTE AND FURNISHED WITH A SMALL SPINE, BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT CO- NICAL, POLAR LOSE VERY BROAD, SOMEWHAT PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCATE, APEX BROADLY TRUNCATE, WITH A DEEP AND OPEN MEDIAN INCISION; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE, WITH A SWELLING AT EACH SIDE NEAR THE BASE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, WITH A SPINE AT EACH POLE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, IRREGULARLY GRANULATE, JUST A FEW GRANULES RES- TRICTED TO THE APICAL PORTION OF EACH ONE OF THE 5 LOBES, CENTER OF SEMICELLS SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A SINGLECEN- TRAL PYRENOID. 8| LENGTH OF CELL 55.7U; BREADTH 27.2U; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.8U. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, SOMETIMES FURNISHED WITH ROUNDEDSPI- NES. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN THE TIETE RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 7454 )- BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: SAD PAULO (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I885, BORGE I9I8). EUASTRUM DIVARICATUM LUND. VAR. TIETEENSE L8FGR.8IAMRDST. CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TYPICAL FORM BY ITS NONORNAMENTED INFLATION IN THE MIDDLE AND JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS ON EACH SEMI- CELL, AND BY ITS SHORTER SPINE AT THE BASAL LOBES. EUASTRUM EVOLUTUM (NORDST.) WEST & WEST VAR. NOV. (PL. X, FIG. 9) CELLS ABOUT I 5/5 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED, SINUS LINEAR WITH A DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT RECTANGULAR, APICAL MARGIN RETUSE AND FURNI- SHED WITH A FEW SMALL BPINES, ANGLES PRODUCED INTO A SMALL STOUT SPINE (THE BIGGEST ONE AT THE BASAL ANGLE), BUSPOLAR LOBESBROAD- LY ROUNDED, WITH SEVERAL SHORT SPINES AT THE APICES, POLAR LOSE 82 SOMEWHAT CUNEATE, APEx CRENATE, WITH A DEEP AND OPEN MEDIAN IN- CISION, THE UPPER ANGLES PROVIDED WITH A VERY STRONG AND STOUT SPINE, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONS DEEP AND WIDELY OPEN, ONE SCROSICUH LATION IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL, JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS ; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS PYRAMIDATE, WITH A SCROSICULATION JUST ABOVE THE BASE ON EACH SIDE, APEx FURNISHED WITH A STRONG, STOUT SPINE; APICAL VIEW SOMEWHAT ELLIPTIC, WITH A SCROSICULATION IN THE CENTER, ON EACH SIDE, POLES WITH A FEW BPINES; CELL WALL COb LORLESS, WITH A CONSPICUOUS SCROSICULATION IN THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL; CHLOROPLASTS UNKNOWN. LENGTH OF CELL 5|.Q3; BREADTH 50.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MI- NAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). EUASTRUM EVOLUTUM (NORDST.) WEST & WEST VAR. NOV. CANBE RECOGNIZED AT ONCE BY ITS CRENATE APEx OF THE POLAR LOBES AND BY ITS RELATIVELY LARGE SCROSICULATION IN THE CENTER OF THE SEMI- CELLS . SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: EUASTRUM EVOLUTUM (NORDST.) WEST & WEST VAR. VALIOI. THE PLANT WILL BE NAMED IN HONOR TO MR. IVANY FERRAZ MARQUES VALID, WHO KINDLY COLLECTED 85 THE MATERIAL DURING ONE OF' HIS EXCURSIONS TO THE STATE OF' MINAS GERAIS. EUASTRUM GEMMATUM BREB. ANN. MAG. NAT. HIST. [TLDNDDN;7.‘L4: I9I, PL. 7, FIG. 4. I844. (PL. X, FIG. I0) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - I 2/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND DILATED TO THE A- PEx; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT DIVIDED INTO 2 LD- BULES BY A SHALLOW MEDIAN INCISION, LOBULES BROADLY ROUNDED,APEx MINUTELY CRENATE, POLAR LOBE SUBCUNEATE, APEx BROADLY ROUNDED, WITH A DEEP, LINEAR MEDIAN INCISION, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONS MODE- RATELY DEEP AND WIDELY OPEN; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCATE, WITH A LARGE PROTUBERANCE ON EACH SIDE JUST ABOVE THE BASE, LATERAL MARGINS NEARLY DEEPLY CONCAVE AND WIDEN- ING TOWARD THE APEx RETUSE; APICAL VIEW SOMEWHAT ELLIPTICALIHTH 8 ROUNDED PROTUBERANCES AROUND THE PERIPHERY; CELL WALL COLOR- LESS, IRREGULARLY PUNCTATE, WITH 5 PROTUBERANCES IN FRONT VIEW FURNISHED WITH CONSPICUOUS PORES, THE CENTRAL ONE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS, THE OTHER NEARLY INTHE MIDDLE OF EACH BASAL LOSE, CLOSE TO THEIR APICAL MARGIN; 2CHLO- ROPLASTS PER SEMICELL, EACH WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 7|.03; BREADTH 59.I3; BREADTH OF ISTH- . O - L) 84 mus II.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- nos RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 744I)- BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); GOIAs: PORTA AZUL (FBRSTER I964); MATO GROSSO: PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925). THE PRESENT MATERIAL FROM SAD PAULO HAS A DEFINITE MO- DERATELY DEEP, LINEAR, MEDIAN INCISION AT THE POLAR LOBES,RATHER THAN THE USUAL SHALLOW ONE COMMONLY MENTIONED IN THE LITERATURE. EUASTRUM GEMMATUM BREB. VAR. NOV. (PL. X, FIG. II) SEMICELLS WITH THE BASAL LOBE SLIGHTLY DIVIDED INTO 2 LOBULES BY A VERY SHALLOW MEDIAN INCISION, APICES OF LOBULES SO- MEWHAT TRUNCATE-ROUNDED AND THICKENED, APICAL LOSE NEARLY RECTAN- CULAR, VERY SLIGHTLY DILATED TOWARD THE APEx TRUNCATE-ROUNDED, WITH A SOMEWHAT DEEP OPEN MEDIAN INCISION, AND THE OUTER ANGLES OBLIQUELY TRUNCATE AND THICKENED, A LARGE PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL, JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS, AND A SMALLER ONE CLOSE TO THE APICAL MARGIN OF EACH LOBULE; CELL WALL FINELY 55 AND UNIFORMLY PUNCTATE, COLORLESS. LENGTH OF CELL 47.6—58.I3; BREADTH 50.6-55.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.5-I0.23. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM EUASTRUM GEMMATUM BREB. VAR. ALATUM TAFT, ITS CLOSE ALLIED, IN HAVING THE POLAR LOSE MORE DEEPLY INCISED AND BY THE POSSESSION OF 5 INTUMESCENCES PER SE- MICELL IN FRONT VIEW. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: EUASTRUM GEMMATUM BREB. VAR. PINHEIRENSIS. EUASTRUM INSULARE (WITTR.) ROY VAR. NOV. (PL. X, FIG. 5) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND DILATED TO THE APEx; SE- MICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT SUBRECTANGULAR, ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED AND APICAL MARGINS RETUSE, POLAR LOSE WIDEST , NEARLY CUNEATE, ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED, WITH A WIDE, SHALLOW ME- DIAN INCISION; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE, WITH A SLIGHT 86 PROTUBERANCE NEAR THE BASE ON EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, WITH A SLIGHTLY PROTUBERANCE AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH ONE PYR- ENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 57.43; BREADTH 28.93; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- aos RIVER, sZo PAULO (SP 744I). BY THE OUTWARD APPEARANCE OF ITS SEMICELLS THE NEW VA- RIETY CAN BE REAOILY DISTINCT FROM ALL ITS POSSIBLE ALLIES. ITIS ALSO SLIGHTLY LARGER THAN THE TYPICAL EUASTRUM INSULARE (WITTR.) ROY AND ITS VARIETIES. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: EUASTRUM INSULARE (WITTR.) ROY VAR. PINHEIRENSIS. EUASTRUM PAULENSE BBRGES. VIDENSK. MEODR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. ZTkJ’SENHAVNJ7. I890 : 958, T. 5, FIG. I7. I890. (PL. X, FIGS. 6-7) CELLS ABOUT I I/4 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- 57 TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR, SLIGHTLY OPEN TO THE APEx; SEMICELLS 5-LOBEO, BASAL LOBES DIVIDED BY A SHALLOW INCISION INTO 2 LOBULES, EACH LOBULE WITH BOTH ANGLES PRODUCED INTO SHORT DENTICULATE PROJECTIONS AND A THIRD DENTICULATE BET- WEEN BOTH, CLOSE TO THE APICAL MARGIN OF LOBULES, POLAR LOBE SUBCUNEATE, WITH A DEEPER MEDIAN INCISION, OUTER ANGLES 5-DEN- TATE (THE MEDIAL ONE WITHIN THE MARGIN), A INFLATION IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL, CLOSE TO THE ISTHMUS; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT OVATE, WITH 8 DENTICULATIONS AROUND THE PERIPHERY; APICAL VIEW SUBELLIPTIC, EACH POLE FURNISHED WITH 5 DENTICULATIONS, SIDES SLIGHTLY INFLATED, SMOOTH; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS UNKNOWN. LENGTH OF CELL 52.5-57.43; BREADTH 22.I-25.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.8-8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 49, 50); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BOR- GESEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8). 88 THE SPECIMENS COLLECTED IN ITIRAPINA HAVE THE ANGLES OF : BASAL AND POLAR LOBES PRODUCED INTO MORE PROMINENTDENTICULA- PROJECTIONS THAN THOSE ILLUSTRATED BY BORGESEN (I890). THE 'ERAL VIEW OF THE PRESENT MATERIAL ALSO DIFFERS FROM BORGESENS GINAL DRAWINGS BY HAVING 8 DENTICULATIONS AROUND THE PERI- :RY OF EACH SEMICELL. BBRGESEN'S ILLUSTRATIONS SHOW PERFECTLY )OTH LATERAL MARGINS AND APICES WITH 5 SLIGHT DENTICULES. EUASTRUM PECTINATUM BREB. VAR. NOV. (PL. X, FIGS. I-2) CELLS ABOUT I l/4 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- .CTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR OR SOMETIMESSLIGHT- OPEN OUTWARDS; SEMICELLS 5-LOBEO, BASAL LOBES SUBRECTANGULAR CAL MARGINS RETUSE, POLAR LOSE FROM NEARLY SUBRECTANGULAR TO IPEZIFORM, WIDEST, APICAL MARGIN RETUSE; SEMICELLS WITH 5PRO- IERANCES, A LARGE ONE IN THE CENTER ABOVE THE ISTHMUS, AND A ILL ONE IN THE MIDDLE AND WITHIN THE APICAL MARGIN OF EACH BA- . LOBE, ANOTHER WITHIN EACH ANGLE OF THE POLAR LOBES; LATERAL :W OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCATE WITH A LARGE IN- IESCENCE NEAR THE BASE ON EACH SIDE, AND A SMALLER ONE ON EACH )E NEAR THE BROADLY ROUNDED APEx; APICAL VIEW NEARLY ELLIPTIC 'H 5 PROTUBERANCES ON EACH SIDE, AND RETUSE POLES; CELL WALL in "IA- 89 COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AxILE, EACH WITH SEVERALSMALL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 42.7-52.73; BREADTH 54.0-58.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- aos RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 744I). THE NEW VARIETY, BY THE SIZE OF ITS CELLS AND THE NUM- BER AND POSITION OF ITS INTUMESCENCES, SOMEWHAT RESEMBLES E353- 1533_PECTINATUM BREB. VAR. INEVOLUTUM WEST & WEST, FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS IN THE OUTWARD APPEARANCE OF ITS SEMICELLS, CHIEFLY IN THE SHAPE OF THE POLAR LOSE. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: EUASTRUM PECTINATUM BREB. VAR. PINHEIRENSIS. EUASTRUM SUSINTEGRUM NORDST. VAR. BRASILIENSE GRDNSL. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [THELSIGFORSIAEJ7. NOV. SER. 8:.LL (6): I4, To 1", F'GSO 69-700 '9A5o (PL. X, FIG. 8) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DI- LATED APEx; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES 2-LOBULATE, UPPER LO- ... I\ -\U 90 BULE UPWARDLY DIRECTED, ROUNDED AND SUBMAMILLIFORM OR SUBQUADRA- TE, WITH RETUSE APEx AND ACUTELY ROUNDED ANGLES, LOWER LOBULE SUBQUADRATE, RETUSE, HORIZONTALLY OISPOSED, ANGLES ACUTELYROUND- ED, POLAR LOBE WIDE, NEARLY HORIZONTALLY FUSIFORM, WITH ACUMINA- TE POLES AND A CONVEx APICAL MARGIN, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONSSOME- WHAT DEEP AND LINEAR; 2 LARGE PROTUBERANCES ABOVE THE ISTHMUS , IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL, AND A SMALLER ONE CLOSE TO THE APICAL MARGIN OF EACH ANGLE OF THE LOWER AND UPPER LOBULES; ONE SINGLE SCROSICULATION IN THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL, BETWEEN AND ABOVE THE 2 MAIN PROTUBERANCES, AND 5 OTHER ONES CLOSE TOTHE APICAL MARGIN, OISPOSED LIKE A TRIANGLE WITH THE VERTICE POINTING DOWNWARD; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT OVATE, WITH THE SIDES INFLATED JUST ABOVE THE BASE, APEx BROADLY ROUNDED; API- CAL VIEW SUBELLIPTIC, WITH 4 PROTUBERANCES ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL FINELY PUNCTATE, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS UNKNOWN. LENGTH OF CELL 7|.43; BREADTH 5I.Q3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I9.Q3.. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AMAZONAS: 'IGA- l I O O RAPE' IAYANA OF THE IA RIVER (FORSTER I965); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). 9| THIS VARIETY ONLY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL EUASTRUM.§2§' INTEGRUM NORDST. IN THE PRESENCE OF A SINGLE SCROSICULATION IN THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL, AND 5 OTHER ONES PLACED LIKE A TRI- ANGLE WITH THE VERTICE POINTING DOWNWARD, CLOSE TO THE APICAL MARGIN OF THE POLAR LOBES. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [LONDON]. 9|, PL. 52, FIG. 4. I848. (PL. IX, FIG. 7) CELLS ABOUT I I/2 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND WITH A DILATED APEx; SE- MICELLS SOMEWHAT TRAPEZIFORM, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, LATERAL AND APICAL MARGINS RETUSE, WITH AN INTUMESCENCE IN THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE, WITH A LARGE PROTUBERANCE ON EACH SIDE NEAR THE BASE, UP— PER PORTION OF LATERAL MARGINS RETUSE, APEx ROUNDED; APICALVJEW ELLIPTIC, WITH A PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE, GIVING IT A SOMEWHAT CRUCIFORM APPEARANCE; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLOR- LESS; CHLOROPLASTS AxILE, EACH WITH A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.I3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. 92 HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THERE IS SOME DIVERGENCE AMONG THE AUTHORS ABOUT THE PRECISE TAxONOMIC POSITION OF THIS PLANT. ACCORDING TO WEST & WEST (I905), IT IS BETTER TO REGARD IT AS A SPECIES OF EUASTRUM RATHER THAN OF COSMARIUM ON ACCOUNT OF THE RETUSE-EMARGINATE API- CAL MARGINS AND THE RELATIVELY LARGE CENTRAL PROTUBERANCE OF THE SEMICELLS, IN FRONT VIEW. OUR PLANTS STAND NEAR TO COSMARIUM VALIDUM WEST & WEST, BUT THEY DIFFER IN THE ABSENCE OF THE SMALL SCROSICULATION NEAR THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL, IN FRONT VIEW, TYPICAL FOR THEFIRST ONE. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. F. NOV. (PL. IX, FIG. 8) CELLS PROPORTIONATELY MORE ELONGATE THAN THE TYPICAL, A- BOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD. LENGTH OF CELL 25.83; BREADTH II.93; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.43. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. 95 HAS. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A WATER FALL IN PARACATU, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 94). THIS NEW FORMA ONLY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. IN ITS PROPORTIONATELY LONGER CELLS. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: EUASTRUM SUSLOSATUM BREB. F. ELONGATUM. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. VAR. OBTUSATUM (GUTW.) KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. [TLEIPZIG;7..L5 (I): 545, T. 74, FIGS. 9-II. I957- (PL. IX, FIGS. 9-IO) CELLS RELATIVELY LONGER THAN THE TYPICAL FORM; SEMI- CELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SUBQUADRATE, APICAL MARGIN RETUSE, A- PICAL LOSE NEARLY RECTANGULAR, WIDEST, APICAL MARGIN TRUNCATE- ROUNDED, WITH A SHALLOW AND WIDELY OPEN MEDIAN INCISION, SLIGHT- LY OR NOT TUMID IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIq WITH A VERY SLIGHT INFLATION IN THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE. LENGTH OF CELL I7.0—28.93; BREADTH II.9-20.43; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 5.4-6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. 94 HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOFMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 57); PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT ’FAzENDA MAE D'AGUA', MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. l00); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 28879). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). THIS VARIETY IS DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TYPICAL EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. BY THE OUTWARD APPEARANCE OF ITS SEMICELLS AND ITS SOMEWHAT LONGER CELLS. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. VAR. OBTUSATUM (GUTW.) KR. CLOSELY RESEMBLES EUASTRUM VALIDUM WEST 8 WEST, FROM WHICH CAN BE EASILY DISTINCT BY THE ABSENCE OF THE SMALL, SOMEWHAT CENTRAL SCROSICULATION TYPICAL FOR THE SEMICELLS OF THE SECOND ONE. EUASTRUM TUDDALENSE STROM NYT. MAG. NATURVID. [TKRISTIANIA;7.‘62: 26, T. 5, FIGS. 2-4 . (PL. IX, FIG. I2) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - I I/2 TIMES LONGER TGAN BROAD,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR OR SLIGHTLY OPEN OUT- WARD; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT 5-LOSED, BASAL LOBES SUBRECTANGULAR, AP 95 PEx RETUSE AND ANGLES ACUTELY ROUNDED, POLAR LOBE NEARLY RECTAN- GULAR, APICAL MARGIN SLIGHTLY CONVEx AND WITH A SHALLOW , OPEN MEDIAN INCISION, OUTER ANGLES FURNISHED WITH A SMALL, STOUT SPI- NE; AN INTUMESCENCE IN THE CENTER JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS ONEACH SEMICELL; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCA- TE WITH AN INTUMESCENCE NEAR THE BASE ON EACH SIDE, APEx TRUNCA- TE-ROUNDED, CRENATE; APICAL VIEW OBLONG, WITH A PROMINENT IN— FLATION IN THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE, POLES CRENATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH I PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 20.43; BREADTH I6.I3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MI- NAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. EUASTRUM VALIDUM WEST & WEST TRANS. LINN. SOC. LOND. (BOT.) [TLONDON;7.‘5: 245, PL. I4, FIGS. 52-55. I896. (PL. IX, me. II) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DI- 96 LATED APEx; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SUBQUADRATE, APICAL MARGINS BROADLY TRUNCATE, APICAL LOSE RECTANGULAR, APICAL MARGIN TRUNCATE-CONVEX, WITH A SHALLOW AND OPEN MEDIAN INCISION; SEMI- CELLS WITH A SMALL PAPILLA WITHIN EACH BASAL ANGLE, A LARGE GRA— NULE IN THE MIDDLE, CLOSE TO THE ISTHMUS, AND A SMALL SCROSICU- LATION NEAR THE CENTER; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE, WITH A GRANULE NEAR THE ISTHMUS ON EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, WITH A SMALL PAPILLA ON EITHER SIDE OF EACH POLE; CELL WALL CO- LORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS NOT KNOWN. LENGTH OF CELL 52.5-54.03; BREADTH 2|.5-25.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 5.I3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). THERE IS ALSO SDME CONFUSION REGARDING THE EXACT TAxONO- MICAL POSITION OF THIS SPECIES. ACCORDING TO MOST AUTHORITIES, THIS SPECIES IS ON THE BORDER-LINE BETWEEN THE GENERA EUASTRUM AND COSMARIUM. BASED ON ITS DISTINCTLY EMARGINATE APICES IT IS BETTER TO PLACE THIS PLANT AMONG THE EUASTRA. THIS SPECIES CAN BE SOMEWHAT CONFUSED WITH EUASTRUM SUB- 97 LOBATUM BREB. AND ITS VAR. OBTUSATUM (GUTW.) KR., FROM WHICH IT IS DIFFERENT IN HAVING A SMALL SCROSICULATION NEAR THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL, AND A SMALL PAPILLA WITHIN EACH BASAL ANGLE OF THE SEMICELLS. MICRASTERIAS C. A. AGARDH, I827 MICRASTERIAS 3535 MELITENSIS (EHR.) HASS. VAR. JANEIRA (RAC.) GRONBL. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [HELSINGFORSIAEJ. 41: 55, T. 6, FIGS. I7- IS. I920. (PL. XII, FIGS. 5-4) CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN WITH ACUTE OR LINEAR APEx; SEMICELLS 5- LOBED, BASAL AND LATERAL LOBES BUBEQUAL, SHORT AND BROADLY TRUN- CATE, DIVIDED INTO 2 LOBULES, EMARGINATE-BIDENTATE AT THE APICES, POLAR LOSE SOMEWHAT CUNEATE, APEx DEEPLY RETUSE, ANGLES PRODUCED INTO SHORT DIVERGING PROCESSES WITH EMARGINATE-BIDENTATE APICES, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONS MODERATELY DEEP AND OPEN, ALL OF THEM A- PROXIMATELY THE SAME SIZE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT ELONGATE-PYRIFORM, APEx WITH A SHORT ACUMINATE PROCESS; APICAL VIEW FUSIFORM, POLES SHARPLY ACUMINATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH 0R VERY FINELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH SEVER- 98 AL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I02.0-l|0.53; BREADTH I02.0-I08.Q3; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE 5|.0-56.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 20.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7455). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. MICRASTERIAS £525 MELITENSIS (EHR.) HASS. VAR. JANEIRA (RAC.) GRSNBL. DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL PORM IN HAVING BOTH BA- SAL AND LATERAL LOBES SOMEWHAT SHORTER AND BROADLY TRUNCATE, THE INCISION BETWEEN THEM SHALLOWER. FURTHERMORE, THE POLAR LOSE IS SHORTER, ITS APEX NOT SO DEEPLY RETUSE AS IN THE TYPICAL MICRAS- TERIAS 3535 MELITENSIS (EHR.) HAS.. IT CAN BE EASILY CONFUSED WITH MICRASTERIAS RADIATA HASS. VAR. PSEUDOCRUX GRONBL., FROM WHICH CAN BE DISTINGUISHED BY ITS RELATIVELY SMALLER SIZE AND MUCH SHORTER AND STOUTER L0- BULES, WHICH ARE NEVER DEEPLY TRUNCATE. MICRASTERIAS DENTICULATA BREB. MEM. SOC. ACAD. FALAI. [TFALAISE;7. 54, T. 8. I855. (PL. XIV, FIG. I) 99 CELLS ABOUT I |/|0 - I I/4 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD , DEEPLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR; SEMI- CELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL AND LATERAL LOBES ALMOST EQUAL AND BROADLY CUNEATE, LATERAL LOBES SOMETIMES A LITTLE LARGER THAN BASALOWES AND DIVIDED INTO 2 LOBULES BY A DEEP LINEAR INCISION, EACH LO- BULE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO 2 OR 4 SUBEGUAL, RETUSE OR EMARGINATE PARTS, POLAR LOSE NARROWLY CUNEATE, WITH A DILATED APEX ANDCON- CAVE SIDES, APICAL MARGIN RETUSE WITH A WIDELY OPEN NOTCH IN THE CENTER, ANGLES OBTUSE OR SOMETIMES TRUNCATE EMARGINATE, INTERLO- BULAR INCISIONS NARROWLY LINEAR; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS NAR- ROWLY PYRAMIDATE, WITH A PROTUBERANCE ON EACH SIDE, NEAR THE BASE; APICAL VIEW FUSIFORM, WITH 5 UNDULATIONS AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL COLORLESS OR SOMEWHAT YELLOWISH, MINUTELY OR SOMETIMES COARSELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH SEVERA. SMALL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I90.4-257.73; BREADTH I55.0-225.53; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE 52.0-54.43; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 5|.0-64.53 ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, FURNISHED WITH SCATTERED, ELONGATE, STOUT BPINES WITH 2 OR 5-FURCATE APICES, SOME OF WHICH MAY DIVI- DE AGAIN AND BECOME RECURVED. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: SANTO AMARO (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8, BICUDO & BICUDO I962); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CRUZ ALTA, PORTO ALEGRE (BORGEI905) MICRASTERIAS INTEGRA NORDST. WITTR. & NORDST. ALG. EXSIC. [TSTOCKHOLM;7. Lg: NO. 55I. I885. (PL. XIII, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT I 5/4 - I 9/I0 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN, TRIANGULAR-ACUMINATE , WITH A NARROWED APEX; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT CONICAL, LATERAL MARGINS BROADLY CONVEX, APEX MINUTELY BIFID,PO- LAR LOBE NEARLY CUNEATE, LATERAL MARGINS SLIGHTLY CONVERGENT AT THE LOWER PORTION, FAST WIDENING NEAR THE APEX, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY CONVEX AND SLIGHTLY RETUSE IN THE MIDDLE, ANGLES FURNISH- ED WITH A SMALL, OBLIQUE TOOTH; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS PYRI- FORM; APICAL VIEW FUSIFORM, POLES ACUTE; CELL WALL SMOOTH, CO- LORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I55.0-|78.53; BREADTH 9|.8-I00.53 ; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE 49.5-59.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 22.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - NEAR THE CITY OF CAMPINAS, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT IOI PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7457). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTIRBUTION: SAD PAULO: CAMPI- NAS (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I885, BORGE I9I8), PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957); MATO GROS- SO: COXIPO (BORGE I905); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA (BORGE I905). MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. zrkJ’BENHAVMJ7. iflfiuZ: 220, T. 2, FIG. I4. I870. (PL. XI, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT I I/IO - I I/5 TIMES BROADER THAN LONG,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACUTE-ANGLED, NARROWED AT THE APEX; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES HORIZONTALLY OISPOSED, SUBFUSIFORM, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEX TO ALMOST STRAIGHT, APEX MI- NUTELY BIFID, POLAR LOBE WIDELY SPREADING, FUSIFORM, WITH ACUTE POLES; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE; APICAL VIEW BROADLY FU- SIFORM, WITH ACUTE POLES; CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE; CHLO- ROPLASTS AXILE, WITH SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I55.0-|78.53; BREADTH I70.5.2I0.03; BREADTH OF POLAR LOBE I70.0-2|0.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 22.0- 50.03. I02 ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 96); NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED I . (SP 7455) - BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: LEME, PIRASSUNUNGA (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880), SAO PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962); MINAS GERAIs: LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WAR- MING I892); MATO GRosso: CUIABA (BORGE I905), IN THE HEADWATER OF THE XINGU RIVER (SCHMIDLE I90l); PARA: MONTE ALEGRE (DICKIE I88I), SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRfi PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. VAR. AEOUILOSATA (BORGE) KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. [LEIPZIG]. _I_5_ (2): I5, T. 98, FIG. 5. I959. (PL. XI, FIG. 5) CELLS I I/7 - I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD; SEMICELLS WITH BASAL AND POLAR LOBES SIMILAR, BROADLY CONICAL, WITH ACUMI- I05 NATE ENDS. LENGTH OF CELL ||2.5-II9.03; BREADTH 95.8-I05.43 ; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE IO5.0-I05.43; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAO PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 79). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTIRBUTION: BAHIA (FORSTER I964); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957); PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (FBRSTER I965). THIS VARIETY IS DISTINGUISHED AT ONE FROM THE TYPICAL MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. BY THE SIMILAR SHAPE OF BOTH BASAL AND POLAR LOBES. IT DIFFERS FROM MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. VAR. =22- MINATA (BORGE) KR., ITS CLOSE ALLIED, IN HAVING THE CELLS LONGER THAN BROAD. MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. VAR. INFLATA KR. RABENH. KRYPT. FL. [TLEIPZIO;7.‘L2 (2): I5, T. 99, FIG. I. I959. (PL. XI, FIG. 2) SEMICELLS WITH BASAL LOBES VERY BROAD AND SOMEWHAT IN- I04 FLATED, APICAL MARGIN SOMEWHAT COMPRESSED, UPPER PORTION REMARK- ABLY SMALLER THAN THE LOWER ONE. LENGTH OF CELL II5.93; BREADTH IO7.I3; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE 95.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 24.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7455). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8). THE PLANTS I RECEIVED FROM THE PROXIMITIES OF THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA ARE SMALLER THAN THE LIMITS GIVEN IN KRIEGER'S ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION FOR THE VARIETY, AND THE POLAR LOBES ARE SOMEWHAT MORE CONVEX ALSO. HOWEVER, IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS THEY AGREE WITH BORGE'S (I9I8) ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS FOR THE PRESENT VARIETY . MICRASTERIAS PAPILLIFERA BREB. VAR. GLABRA NORDST. WITTR. & NORDST. ALG. EXSIC. [TSTOCKHOLM;7.l9: NO. 466. I882. (PL. XIII, FIG. 2) CELLS USUALLY A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR; SEMICELLS 5-LO- I05 BED, BASAL AND LATERAL LOBES CUNEATE, ALMOST OF EQUAL BREADTH, EACH DIVIDED BY A MODERATELY DEEP INCISION INTO 2 LOBULES, LOBU- LES AGAIN DIVIDED INTO 4 ULTIMATE EMARGINATE (RARELY I- OR 5-DEN. TICULATE)_DIVISIONS, POLAR LOBE CUNEATE, WITH SLIGHTLY CONCAVE LATERAL MARGINS, BROADLY WIDENED AT THE APEX, APICAL MARGIN SO- MEWHAT CONCAVE WITH A SLIGHT MEDIAN NOTCH, ANGLES FURCATO-EMAR- GINATE, A PAIR OF SMALL TEETH ON EACH SIDE OF THE MEDIAN NOTCH, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONS NARROWLY LINEAR; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMI- CELLS ELLIPTIC-OBLONG, WITH A 5-CUSPIDATE APEX; APICAL VIEWNAR- ROWLY OBLONG WITH SUBACUTE POLES; CELL WALL PUNCTATE, COLOR- LESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH NUMEROUS SMALL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL I02.03; BREADTH 90.I3; BREADTH OF PO- LAR LOBE CA. 54.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 25.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU— LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I882, BORGE I9I8), SANTO AMA- RO, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8). THIS IS A VERY WELL MARKED VARIETY OF MICRASTERIAS :27 PILLIFERA BREB., DIFFERING IN ITS COMPLETE ABSENCE OF ACUTE GRAN- w ULES OR DENTICULATIONS ON EACH SIDE OF THE SINUS AND OF THE IN- TERLOBULAR INCISIONS. MICRASTERIAS PINNATIFIDA (KOTz.) RALFS RALFS BRIT. DESM. ZTLONDONJ7. 77. PL. I0. FIG. 5. I848. (PL. XI, FIGS. 4-5) CELLS A LITTLE BROADER THAN LONG, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS AN OPEN ACUTE ANGLE, WITH A NARROWED APEX; SEMICELLS 5—LOBED, BASAL LOBES HORIZONTALLY OISPOSED, FUSIFORM, WITH MINUTELY BIFID APICES, POLAR LOSE WIDELY SPREADING, FUSI- FORM, ANGLES BIFID, APICAL MARGIN CONVEX, STRAIGHT OR SOMETIMES VERY SLIGHTLY RETUSE, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONS DEEP AND ROUNDED; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS NEARLY PYRIFORM, WITH A ROUNDED APEX; APICAL VIEW FUSIFORM, WITH ACUTE POLES; CELL WALL COLORLESS, MINUTELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH SEVERAL SMALL PYR- ENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 47.6-59.53; BREADTH 40.8—57.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.5-II.93. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, ADORNED WITH LONG, STOUT, ACUTE SPI- NES, EACH ARISING FROM A BLUNT PROTUBERANCE. HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|); PLANKTONIC IN I07 SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890); MATO GROSSO: PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945), NEAR QUATIPURU (SIOLI I960). ACCORDING TO WEST & WEST (I905), MONSTROSITIES OF THIS SPECIES ARE SOMETIMES FOUND. MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (CORDA) BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON;7. 75, PL. 8, FIG. 4, PL. IO, FIG. 5. I848. CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR, GENERALLY SLIGHTLY OPEN TOTHE OUTSIDE; SEMICELLS 5-LOBED, BASAL AND LATERAL LOBES SOMEWHAT VARIABLE, SUBEQUAL, TYPICALLY 2-LOBULATE, EACH LOBULE EMARGINA- TE, POLAR LOBE OFTEN WIDELY CUNEATE, SOMETIMES ALMOST FUSIFORM, APEX CONVEX AND USUALLY FLATTENED OR SLIGHTLY RETUSE IN THE MID- DLE, LATERAL ANGLES ACUMINATE, 2-DENTATE OR VERY SELDOMLY 5-DEN- TATE, INTERLOBULAR INCISIONS MODERATELY DEEP AND USUALLY SOME- WHAT OPEN; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS BROADLY OVATE; APICALVWEW FUSIFORM-ELLIPTIC, POLES ACUTE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, DELICATELY |08 OR SOMETIMES STRONGLY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH MANY SMALL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 85.0-I25.53; BREADTH 79.8-II2.53 ; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE 6|.2-78.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I5.0-26.53 ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, FURNISHED WITH MANY STRONG, ELONGATE AND SOMETIMES WITH SLIGHTLY BENT SPINES. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRES- COTT I957); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA (BORGE I905); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA, PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). RYPPOWA (I927) REPORTS ONE PLANT OF MICRASTERIAS TRUNCA- TA (CORDA) BREB. WITH THE ANGLES OF THE POLAR LOSE 5-DENTATE . THIS PLANT WAS COLLECTED FROM WSCHODNI, A SMALL POND IN THE PRO- XIMITY OF THE LAKE WIGRY, POLAND. MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (CORDA) BREB. VAR. EXCAVATA NORDST. WITTR. & NORDST. ALG. EXSIC. [rLUNDAEJ7. é: NO. 574. I880 . (PL. XII, FIGS. I-2) I09 “CELLS ABOUT I I/8 - I I/5 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD; INCI- SIONS BETWEEN BASAL AND LATERAL LOBES AND THAT BETWEEN LATERAL AND POLAR LOBES OPEN, NEARLY ACUTE-ANGLED; APICAL MARGIN OF P0- LAR LOSE NOT CONVEX, NEARLY STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY RETUSE IN THE MIDDLE. LENGTH OF CELL I49.6-I72.53; BREADTH II5.9-I55.03; BREADTH OF POLAR LOSE 54.0-86.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I8.0-5O.03 ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - ON DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 79); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAU- LO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: BELEM, PIRASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAIS: LAGOA SANTA(NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); GOIAs: PORTA AZUL (FBRSTER I964); PIAUI: BREJO CORREJO (FORSTER I964); RIO BRANCO: SERRA DA LUA (PORS- TER I965). THIS VARIETY IS WELL-MARKED BY REASON OF THE DIFFERENT FORM OF THE POLAR LOBES AND THE DIFFERENT CELL PROPORTIONS. FBRSTER'S (I964) T. I8, FIG. 6 IS AN ILLUSTRATION OF IIO MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (CORDA) BREB. VAR. EXCAVATA NORDST. GATHER- ED FROM BREJO CORREJO, PIAUF. ACCORDING TO THAT AUTHOR, THIS PLANT IS A FORMA OF THE VARIETY BECAUSE OF THE 5-DENTATE ANGLES OF THE POLAR LOBES. I HAVE EXAMINED MANY SPECIMENS OF THIS VAR— IETY AND ONLY ONE PLANT WAS FOUND TO HAVE THE 5-DENTATE ANGLESOF THE POLAR LOBES. SINCE SUCH PLANTS ARE OF VERY RARE OCCURRENCE, I DECIDED IT IS BETTER TO CONSIDER THEM AS ABNORMAL FORMS OF THE VAR. EXCAVATA . MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (CORDA) BREB. VAR. PUSILLA G. 8. WEST MEM. SOC. NEUCHAT. SCI. NAT. [TNEUCHATEL;7.‘2: I055, T. 22 , FIGS. 42-45. I9I4. (PL. XI, me. 6) CELLS REMARKABLY SMALLER THAN THE TYPE, WITH A NEARLY CIRCULAR OUTLINE; SINUS SLIGHTLY OPEN TOWARD THE OUTSIDE. LENGTH OF CELL 57.8-64.63; BREADTH 57.8-62.93; BREADTH OF POLAR LOBE 40.8-45.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I0.2-I7.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - FORMING A GREENISH SCUM IN A SMALL TEMPORARY POOL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 29) ; IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 55); FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE CONSIDERABLY SMALLER SIZE, AND THE SOMEWHAT CIRCULAR OUTLINE OF ITS CELLS ARE THE MOST EVIDENT CHARACTERISTICS TO SE- PARATE THIS VARIETY FROM THE TYPICAL MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (COR- DA) BREB.. ACTINOTAENIUM (NAGELI, I849) TEILING, I954 ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER ZTLUNQJ7. I954 (4): 596, FIGS. I6-I7. I954. (PL. XII, FIG. 9) CELLS SUBCYLINDRICAL WITH A SLIGHT MEDIAN CONSTRICTION; LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT TO SLIGHTLY CONVEX; APICES BROADLY ROUNDED OR TRUNCATELY ROUNDED; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS STELLOID, WITH 4-8 LONGITUDINAL RIDGES AND I CEN- TRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 50.63; BREADTH I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I5.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. I|2 HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN THE TIETE RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 7451+)- BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MINAS GERAIS: LA- GOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); GDIAS: PEIXE (PRES- COTT I957). ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. F. MINUS TEIL. BOT. NOTISER [TLUN047. I254 (4): 596, FIG. I5. I954. (PL. XII, FIGS. IO-II) CELLS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE TYPICAL FORM BUT SMALLER. LENGTH OF CELL I5.0-I5.63; BREADTH 7.7-8.5U; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.0-6.8U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|); PLACE NOT SPECIF- IED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE MATERIAL REPORTED BY FSRSTER (I965) FROM SERRA DA LUA, NEAR CAICARA, RIO BRANCO, APPEARS VERY MUCH LIKE THE PRESENT FORMA, BOTH IN ITS MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND MEASUREMENTS. HIS ACTINOTAENIUM CURTUM (BREB.) TEIL. F. MINIMA FBRST. & ECKERTCOULD II5 BE CONSIDERED SYNONYMOUS WITH ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. F. MINUS TEIL., SINCE THE LATTER HAS PRIORITY ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE (ART. II). ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. VAR. NOV. (PL. XII, FIG. 8) CELL WALL DISTINCTLY STRIATE, STRIAE SOMETIMES APPEAR- ING AS ROWS OF DASHES RATHER THAN PUNCTAE; ACCORDING TO THE TY- PICAL VARIETY IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH I5.53; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I4.53, ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MI- NAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS VARIETY AND THE TYPICA. IS THE PRESENCE, IN THE FIRST ONE, OF STRIATION ON THE CELL WALL. THIS CHARACTERISTICS MAKES THE PRESENT FORMA WELL-MARKED WITHIN THE GENUS. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: ACTINOTAENIUM CRU- CIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. VAR. STRIATUM. II4 ACTINOTAENIUM EUCURBITA (BREB.) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER ZTLUN637. I954 (4): 406, FIG. 66. I954. (PL. XII, FIGS. 5-6) CELLS ALMOST CYLINDRICAL, WITH A SLIGHT MEDIAN CONSTRIC- TION; LATERAL MARGINS SUBPARALLEL AND VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX; A- PEX ROUNDED TO ROUNDED-TRUNCATE; CELL WALL PUNCTATE; CHLORO- PLASTS AXILE, WITH SEVERAL IRREGULAR RIDGES AND A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 50.6-55.73; BREADTH I7.0-25.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I6.I-22.I3. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND WITH CONICAL VERRUCAE. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 48); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52, 55); IN TEM- PORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 23579). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: BAHIA (FBRSTER I964); GDIAs: PORTA AZUL (FBRSTER I964); MATO GROSS0: PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO II5 BRANco: SERRA DA LUA (FBRSTER I964); RIO DE JANEIRo: SERRADOS ORGAOS (KRIEGER I950). ACTINOTAENIUM CUCURBITA (BREB.) TEIL. VAR. ATTENUATUM (G. S. WEST) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER [TLUND;7. I954 (4): 407, FIGS. 67-69. I954. (PL. XII, FIG. 7) SEMICELLS DISTINCTLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES; A- PICES ROUNDED-TRUNCATE. LENGTH OF CELL 28.9-5O.63; BREADTH I7.0-20.43; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I6.I-I8.73. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOFMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 55). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: RID BRANCO: SERRA DA LUA (FORSTER I964). ALTHOUGH ATTENUATION OF SEMICELLS IN THE BRAZILIANNMJER- IAL IS VERY MARKED, IT IS NOT ALWAYS EASY TO SEPARATE THIS VARIE- TY FROM THE TYPE SECAUSE MANY INTERMEDIATE STATES MAY EXIST. |I6 ACTINOTAENIUM CUCURBITINUM (BISS.) TEIL. VAR. SUBRETUSUM (MESS.) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER [TLUNO;7. l954 (4): 400, FIG. 58. I954. (PL. XIII, FIG. 6) CELLS ABOUT 2 — 2 I/2 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, WITH A DISTINCT MEDIAN CONSTRICTION, SIDES STRAIGHT AND VERY GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES, WHICH ARE BROADLY TRUNCATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS IRREGULARLY LAMELLATE AND WITH I OR 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 52.5-54.03; BREADTH |I.0-II.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS IO.0-I0.23. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45, 46). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE MEASUREMENTS GIVEN IN TEILING (I954) FOR THIS VAR- IETY ARE DEFINITELY WRONG CONSIDERING THE CELL PROPORTIONS OF HIS DRAWINGS. I|7 ACTINOTAENIUM OIPLDSPORUM (LUND.) TEIL. F. MINUS CUSH. EX TEIL. BOT. NOTISER [LUND]. I954 (4): 4I2. I954. (PL. XIII, FIG. 4) CELLS CYLINDRICAL, CONSPICUOUSLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MID- REGION; SEMICELLS ATTENUATED TO BROADLY ROUNDED APICES, THE LA- TERAL MARGINS SOMEWHAT CONVEX AND CONVERGING FROM THE MIDREGION WHERE THERE IS A BROAD SHALLOW INCISION OR INVAGINATION; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS STELLATE AND WITH A SIN- GLE PYRENOID EACH. LENGTH OF CELL 25.53; BREADTH I5.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- I MUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE DOUBLE, CONSISTING OF TWO CUBICAL BODIES WITH ROUNDED PROMINENT ANGLES. SKUJA (I949) DESCRIBES ZYGOSPORES OF THE NORMAL TYPE AND AZYGOSPORES FOR THIS FORMA. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. ACTINOTAENIUM ELONGATUM (RAC.) TEIL. VAR. LANCEOLATUM (TURN.) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER [TLUND;7. I954 (4): 595, FIG. 8. I954. II8 (PL. XIII, FIG. 7) CELLS ABOUT 4 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, SUBCYLINDRICAL, SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, GRADUALLY ATTENUATED TOWARD THE APICES, WHICH ARE ROUNDED AND SLIGHTLY NARROWED; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH I-4 PYRENOIDS IN A CENTRAL ROW. LENGTH OF CELL 78.23; BREADTH 22.L3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 20.43. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY RESEMBLES VERY MUCH PLEUROTAENIUM MINUTUM (RALFS) DELP. VAR. CRASSUM (W. WEST) KR., FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS BY THE MORE ROUNDED AND SOMEWHAT NARROWED APICES OF ITS CELLS. ACTINOTAENIUM INCONSPICUUM (W. WEST) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER ZTLUNQJ7. I254 (4): 405, FIGS. 57-58. I954. (PL. XIII, FIG. 5) II9 CELLS ABOUT 5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, VERY SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, GRADUALLY NARROWED TOWARD THE BUS- TRUNCATE APICES; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS LAMELLATE, WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 20.43; BREADTH 6.83; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS NOT TAKEN. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. ACTINOTAENIUM WOLLEI (GRBNBL.) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER ltLUNQ47. I954 (4): 597, FIG. 40. I954. (PL. XIII, FIG. 5) CELLS ALMOST GLOBOID, WITH A FAINT SINUS; CELL WALL PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, STELLATE, WITH 6-9 LAMELLATE (SO- METIMES RATHER IRREGULAR). LENGTH OF CELL 40.8-45.93; BREADTH 28.9-55.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 27.2-52.53. ZYGOSPORE SMOOTH—WALLEO AND IRREGULARLY SPHERICAL. I20 HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPmU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 57); FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HOR- TO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. COSMARIUM CORDA, I854. COSMARIUM AMOENUM BREB. VAR. CONSTRICTUM SCOTT & GRBNBL. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [THELSINGFORBIAE;7. NOV. BER. B, LL (8): I5 T. 5, FIG. l8. I957. (PL. XV, FIG. I6) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, SOMEWHATDEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR; SEMICELLS APPROXIMATELY SEMICIRCULAR; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE-O- BLONG; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL GRANULATE, BASAL GRANU- LES SOMETIMES MORE OR LESS REGULARLY OISPOSED IN VERTICAL PAIRS, CENTRAL PART OF SEMICELLS WITH LESS PRONOUNCED GRANULES; CHLORO- PLASTS AXILE, WITH 2 PYRENOIDS IN EACH SEMICELL. LENGTH OF CELL 40.8-44.23; BREADTH 28.9-54.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I5.6-I5.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. I2| HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I9). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF THIS VARIETY ARE POSSES- SION OF A DEEP LINEAR SINUS, MORE CONVEX SIDES OF SEMICELLS, AND DIFFERENT CELL PROPORTIONS. COSMARIUM ANISOCHONDRUM NORDST. VAR. TETRACHODRUM SCOTT & GRONBL. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [HELSINGFORSIAEJ. NOV. SER. B, _I_|_ (8): I5, T. 8, FIG. 5. I957. (PL. XVI, FIG. I0) CELLS ALMOST AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEX; SEMICELu; SUBSEMICIRCULAR, BASE FLAT, LATERAL MARGINS BROADLY CONVEX, APEX WIDELY TRUNCATE AND VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMI- CELL OBOVATE-CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL MINUTE- LY GRANULATE WITH 4 MAJOR WARTS IN THE CENTER, 2 SUBAPICAL ONES OF LARGER SIZE, AND 2 SMALLER ONES BELLOW AT A WIDER DISTANCE FROM EACH OTHER, AND A SIMPLE ROW OF SMALL GRANULES AT THE BAEZ OF THE SEMICELLS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID EACH. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH 20.43; BREADTH OF ISTH- I22 MUS 6.83, ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL IN HAVING 4 WARTS IN THE CENTER OF ITS SEMICELLS. SCOTT & GRONBLAD (I957), DISCUSSING THEIR VARIETY,QUES- TION THE RELATION OF IT TO COSMARIUM ANISOCHONDRUM NORDST.. HOW- EVER, As IT HAS BEEN STATED ELSEWHERE, THERE ARE NO OTHERSPECIES MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO THIS VARIETY. COSMARIUM ARCTOUM NORDST. OFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FORH. [TSTOCKHOLMJ7. I875 (6): 28, T. 7, FIG. 22. I875. (PL. XV, FIGS. 5-5) CELLS ABOUT I I/4 - I I/2 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, VERY SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS A SHALLOW OBTUSE-AN- GLED DEPRESSION; SEMICELLS SUBCUNEATE, SIDES RETUSE AND SLIGHT- LY DIVERGENT TOWARD THE APEX OF THE CELL, WHICH IS TRUNCATE , I25 STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLSSEMP- ELLIPTIC, SLIGHTLY NARROWED TOWARD THE BASE; APICAL VIEW BROAD- LY ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL SMOOTH, OFTEN YELLOWISH OR RARELY COLOR- LESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH I CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 20.43; BREADTH I5.83; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS |2.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS SPECIES CAN BE CONFUSED WITH COSMARIUM PSEUDOARC- 1333 NORDST., FROM WHICH DIFFERS IN ITS SOMEWHAT MORE TRUNCATEA- PICES, THE UPWARD NARROWING OF THE SEMICELLS IN LATERAL VIEW,AND IN THE MORE BROADLY ELLIPTIC APICAL VIEW. THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL CAN BE ADMITTED, HOWEVER, AS AN INTERMEDIATE FORM BETWEEN COSMARIUM ARCTOUM NORDST. AND COSMARIUI PSEUDOARCTOUM NORDST., SINCE IT HAS CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH SPE- CIES. I PREFER TO CONSIDER THE PRESENT MATERIAL COSMARIUM 3537 .1333 NORDST. BECAUSE OF THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS, IN DIFFERENT VIEWS, AGREES BETTER WITH NORDSTEDT'S (I875) ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION AND FIGURES FOR THE SPECIES. I24 COSMARIUM BIOCULATUM BREB. VAR. CANADENSE KR. & GERL. GATT. COSMARIUM (“BERLIN-DAHLEN37. L: 60, T. I5, FIG. 5. I962. (PL. XIV, FIG. IO) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR VERY SLIGHTLY LONGER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR AND WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS NOT PERFECTLY ELLIPTIC, UP- PER MARGIN MORE CONVEX THAN THE VENTRAL, LATERAL MARGINS ROUND- ED; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIq CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH A SIN- GLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 27.23; BREADTH 22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY IS DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TYPICAL COSMA- I RIUM BIOCULATUM BREB. BY THE SUSELLIPTIC FORM OF ITS SEMICELLS AND SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR. F“: lg... I; I25 COSMARIUM BLYTTII WILLE CHRISTIANIA VIDENSK. SELSK. FORH. [TFORHANDLINGAR37. 25, T. I, FIG. 7. I880. (PL. XVI, FIG. I4) CELLS SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT TRAPEZI- FORM-SEMICIRCULAR, BASAL ANGLES SUBRECTANGULAR, SIDES COMMONLY 4-CRENATE (INCLUDING THE BASAL AND APICAL ANGLES), APEX TRUNCATE AND 4-7-CRENATE (INCLUDING THE 2 UPPER LATERAL CRENATIONs); LA- TERAL VIEW OF THE SEMICELL SUBCIRCULAR, WITH A WELL-MARKED GRA- NULE AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC OR SUBEL- LIPTIC, WITH A PROMINENT GRANULE AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND WITH ONE OR TWO SERIES OF SMALL GRANULES WITHIN THE MARHINAL CRENATIONS, AND WITH A SUBPAPILLATE GRANULE IN THE CENTER; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH ONE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I5.53; BREADTH I5.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 4.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: CAM- PINAS (BORGE I9I8); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNSLAD I945). THIS SPECIES CAN BE CONFUSED WITH COSMARIUM HUMILE (GAY) NORDST., FROM WHICH DIFFERS BY ITS TRAPEZIFORM-SEMICIRCULAR SE- I26 MICELLS IN FRONT VIEW, AND BY THE MARGINAL CRENATIONS MOREROUND- ED. COSMARIUM SP. NOV. (PL. XV, FIG. I0) CELLS ABOUT I I/2 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONS- TRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR TOWARD THE APEX, O- PENING OUTWARD; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT 5—LOBED, LOBES SHORT, BASAL LOBES SOMEWHAT 2-LOBED, WITH ROUNDED ANGLES, APICAL LOBE WIDEST, BROADLY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SEMIELLIPTIC; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE AND EACH WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 28.93; BREADTH I8.73; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 28879). THIS SPECIES IS WELL-CHARACTERIZED BY ITS BROADLY CON- VEX APICAL LOBES AND ITS SOMEWHAT 2~LOBED BASAL LOBES. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW SPECIES: COSMARIUM BRANCOI. THE PLANT WILL BE NAMED IN HONOR TO MR. SAMUEL MURGEL BRANCO , I27 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF SANITARY HYDROBIOLOGY AT THE 'FACULDADE OE HIGIENE E SAUDE PUBLICA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SAD PAULO', SAD PAULO, BRAZIL, WHO HAS BEEN DOING A LOT OF RESEARCH ON THE FRESH-WATER ALGAE WITH EMPHASIS ON SANITATION. COSMARIUM CIRCULARE REINSCH ACTA SOC. SENCKENB. [TFRANCOFURTI AD MOENUM37.‘6: II5, T. 22C.I, FIGS. I-4. I867. (PL. XIII, FIG. 8) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROW AND LINEAR, SLIGHTLY DILATED AT THE APICES; SEMICELLS SEMICIRCULAR, WITH ROUNDED BASAL ANGLES; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL APPROXIMATELY CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW A NARROW ELLIP- SE; CELL WALL PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH 2 PYREN- OIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 52.7-61.23; BREADTH 44.2-5I.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I5.5-I7.03. ' ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 50, 5|); ON DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAO PAU- LO, TREMEMBE, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 79). I28 BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GROSSO: CO- RUMBA (BORGE I905). COSMARIUM CIRCULARE REINSCH SHOULD BE COMPARED WITH-93E- MARIUM RALFSII BREB., FROM WHICH IS DISTINGUISHED IN THE SEMI- CIRCULAR OUTLINE OF ITS SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW, AND IN ITS AXI- LE CHLOROPLASTS. THIS SPECIES AND COSMARIUM LUNDELLII DELP. ARE ALSOCLO- SELY RELATED. THE SEMICIRCULAR SEMICELLS AND THE ABSENCE OF A THICKENING OF THE CELL IN THE CENTER OF THE SEMICELLS OF COSMA- RIUM CIRCULARE REINSCH SEPARATE IT FROM COSMARIUM LUNDELLII DELP. COSMARIUM CONSPERSUM RALFS VAR. CAPENSE HODG. TRANS. ROY. Soc. 8. AFR. [TCAPE TOWNJ7.‘12: , FIG. I2 A. I926. (PL. XV, FIG. I7) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES As LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CON- STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR AND WITH SLIGHTLY DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT SEMICIRCULAR, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, SIDES ALMOST STRAIGHT FOR A SHORT DISTANCE ABOVE THE BASAL ANGLE, APEX BROADLY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL AL- MOST CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL UNIFORMILYGRA— NULATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH 2 PYRENOIDS IN EACH. LENGTH OF CELL 68.0-7I.43; BREADTH 49.5-5I.03; BREADTH I29 OF ISTHMUS I7.0U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HA8. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 25, 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957). PRESCOTT (I957) STATES THAT "THIS IS AN ANOMALOUS FORM WHICH APPROACHES SEVERAL SPECIES IN SHAPE OF SEMICELL AND IN ITS PATTERN OF GRANULATION, BUT DOES NOT CONFORM PRECISELY TO ANY. IT SHOULD BE COMPARED WITH SUCH SPECIES AS COSMARIUM SUBBROOMEI SCHM. AND COSMARIUM MARGARITATUM LUND.." I FULLY ACCPET THIS POINT OF VIEW, ALTHOUGH THE PRESENT MATERIAL DOES NOT AGREE PER- FECTLY WITH PRESCOTT’S SPECIMEN GATHERED FROM THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF FORMOSO, GOIAS. COSMARIUM CONTRACTUM KIRCHN. ALG. SCHLES. [TBRESLAU37. ‘2 (I): I47. I878. (PL. XV, FIG. 7) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - I I/2 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWED TOWARD THE APEX AND RAPIDLY WIDENING OUTWARD; SEMICELLS SUBELLIPTIC TO BROADLY EL- I50 LIPTIC; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIP— TIC; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND FINELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH I CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 50.6-52.53; BREADTH 20.4-22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.03. ZYGOSPORE VERY OFTEN OBSERVED, GLOBOSE, ELLIPSOID OR FREQUENTLY ANGULAR, SMOOTH. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B.46). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). IN THE OUTWARD APPEARANCE THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL BEARS CONSIDERABLE RESEMBLANCE TO COSMARIUM CONTRACTUM KIRCHN. VAR. ELLIPSOIDEUM (ELFV.) WEST & WEST. THE CELL PROPORTIONS WERE THE ONLY CHARACTERISTICS THAT ALLOWED ME TO RELATE THE PRESENT PLANT TO THE TYPICAL FORM OF THE SPECIES. COSMARIUM CONTRACTUM KIRCHN. VAR. ROTUNDATUM BORGE ARK. BOT. ZTUPPSALA, STOCKHOLMJ7..U2 (I7): 52, T. 2, FIG. 27. I925. (PL. XV, FIG. 8) I5I SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW CIRCULAR OR ALMOST SO; LATERAL VIEW BROADLY ELLIPTIC. LENGTH OF CELL 28.93; BREADTH I8.73; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.I3, ZYGOSPORE ALMOST SPHERICAL, WITH A SOMEWHAT THICKENED CELL WALL. HAS. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 49). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GROSSO: POR- TO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925). THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL BY THE OUTLINE OF ITS SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW AND BY ITS ZYGOSPORES ALMOST SPHERIC- AL, WITH A SOMEWHAT THICKENED CELL WALL. COSMARIUM DICHONDRUM WEST & WEST TRANS. LINN. SOC. LOND. (BOT.) [TLONDON;7. SER. 2,'5 (2): 65 , PL. 7, FIG. I2. I895. (PL. XVI, FIG. II) CELLS ALMOST AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED INTHE I52 MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEX; SEMICELLSEL- LIPTIC, APICAL MARGIN SLIGHTLY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELus SUBCIRCULAR, WITH A WELL-MARKED GRANULE NEAR THE APICAL MARGIN IN EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, WITH 2 PROMINENT GRANULES AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, IRREGULARLY GRANULATE, 2 MAJOR GRANULES IN THE MEDIAN REGION OF THE SEMICELL NEAR THE APICAL MARGIN, CENTER OF SEMICELL MAY LACK GRANULATION; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH I CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I7.03; BREADTH I5.53; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAZENDA MAE D'AGUA', MI- NAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I00). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). IT WAS POSSIBLE TO EXAMINE ONLY ONE SPECIMEN OF THISMA- TERIAL, WHICH AGREES PERFECTLY IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND PATTERN OF GRANULATION WITH KRIEGER'S (I952) MATERIAL FROM SUMATRA AND BA- LI. THIS PLANT, HOWEVER, IS SOMEWHAT SMALLER THAN THE ORIGINAL ONE DESCRIBED BY WEST & WEST (I895) FROM MADAGASCAR. BORGE (I905) DESCRIBED A VAR. SUBPUNCTULATUM FOR THIS SPECIES, WHICH DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL IN HAVING SOMEWHAT TRA- I55 PEZIFORM SEMICELLS AND CELL WALL GRANULATE, GRANULES CONCENTRIC ARRANGED. THE FIGURE HE GIVES TD ILLUSTRATE HIS NEW VARIETY SHOWS A GREAT SIMILARITY TO THAT GIVEN TO THE TYPICAL FORM. FUR- THERMORE, THERE ARE ALMOST NO DIFFERENCES IN MEASUREMENTS AND PATTERN OF GRANULATION BETWEEN BOTH MATERIALS. AS FAS AS I CAN JUDGE, BORGE'S SPECIMENS SHOULD BE RE- GARDED AS THE TYPICAL VARIETY, SINCE THERE IS NO OUTSTANDING DIF- FERENCES BETWEEN THESE PLANTS. FORSTER (I965) DESCRIBED COSMARIUM SPHALEROSTICHUM NORDST. F. BITUBERCULATUM FORST. FROM SERRA DA LUA, NEAR CAICARA RIO BRANCO, BRAZIL, WHICH WITHOUT ANY DOUBT IS IDENTICAL TO COS- MARIUM DICHONDRUM WEST & WEST, AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED MERELY AS A SYNONYMOUS OF THE PRESENT SPECIES. COSMARIUM FURCATOSPERMUM WEST & WEST J. R. MICROSC. SOC. [TLONDONJ7. 7, PL. I, FIG. I5. I894. (PL. XVI, FIG. 9) CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR OR RARELY OPEN; SEMICELLS SUBSEMICIRCU- LAR, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, APEX SOMEWHAT TRUNCATE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW OBLONG-ELLIPTIC, SIDES SMOOTH AND POLES GRANULATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND IRREGULARLY GRANULATE, WITH 2 SERIES OF SMALL GRANULES WITHIN THE WHOLE MAR- I54 GIN, AND WITH THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE SEMICELLS SMOOTH OR MOST MINUTELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I-25.53; BREADTH I8.7-25.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.8-8.53. ZYGOSPORE ANGULAR—GLOBOSE, ORNAMENTED WITH SHORT SLEN- DER BPINES, 7 OF WHICH ARE VISIBLE AROUND THE PERIPHERY; BPINES VERY DEEPLY 2~ OR 5-FURCATE AT THE EXTREMITY. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 8|); PLANKTONIC IN A ~ THE TIETE RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 7454). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW To BRAZIL. THIS PLANT BY ITS SMOOTH CENTRAL AREA OF THE SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW AND THE SPINY ZYGOSPORE, CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM COSMARIUM SPHALEROSTICHUM NORDST., ITS CLOSEST ALLIED. COSMARIUM GALERITUM NORDST. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. zrkdflBENHAVNJ7. I86 : (I4-I5): 209, T. 5, FIG. 26. I870. (PL. XIV, FIG. 5) CELLS UP TO I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CON- .155 STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR AND WITH A SLIGHT- LY DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS TRUNCATE-PYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, SIDES ALMOST STRAIGHT, APICAL MARGIN TRUNCATE ORSLIGHT- LY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND FINALY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASES AXILE, EACH WITH 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 47.63; BREADTH 44.23; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I5.63. ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL AND SPINY, THE SPINES WITH A SOME- WHAT SWOLLEN CONE-SHAPED BASE. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MINAS GERAls: LA- GOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); RIO DE JANEIRO(NORDS- TEDT I877). THIS SPECIES CAN BE CONFUSED WITH COSMARIUM LUNDELLII DELP. VAR. ELLIPTICUM G. 8. WEST, FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS INHAVING SOMEWHAT SMALLER CELLS AND MORE PYRAMIDATE SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW. I56 COSMARIUM GLOBOSUM BULNH. HEDWIGIA ZTCRESDEN37..2 (9): 52, T. 9, FIG. 8. I86I. (PL. XV, FIG. 9) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - I 5/4 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS A VERY OBTUSE—ANGLED DEPRESSION; SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR BOTH IN FRONT AND LATERAL VIEWS; APICAL VIEW MOSTLY CIRCULAR, SELDOM VERY SLIGHTLY COM- PRESSED; CELL WALL COLORLESS, PUNCTATE, PUNCTATIONS SOMETIMES VERY OBSCURE, BUT FREQUENTLY VERY DISTINCT; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH A NUMBER OF VERTICALLY-DISPOSED LOBES AND A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 29.6-55.73; BREADTH 22.I-27.23; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS |9.0-25.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOFmU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 57); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 28879) BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PIRAS- SUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); PARA: MONTE ALEGRE (DICKIE I88I), SAN- TAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRO: ITATIAIA (KRIEGER I950). I57 COSMARIUM GLOBOSUM BULNH. IS DISTINGUISHED FROM COSMA- RIUM MONILIFORME (TURP.) RALFS BY ITS RELATIVELY BROADER CELL AND MUCH BROADER ISTHMUS. ACCORDING TO TEILING (I954) THIS SPECIES SHOULD BE MORE CAREFULLY STUDIED BECAUSE THERE ARE SOME PLANTS IN WHICH THE CHLOROPLASTS WERE DESCRIBED AS STELLATE OR LOBO-STELLATE. IN SUCH INSTANCES, THESE PLANTS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION AS BELONGING TO ACTINOTAENIUM. UNFORTUNATELY, I ONLY HAD OP- PORTUNITY TO EXAMINE PRESERVED MATERIAL IN WHICH THE EXACT SHAPE AND DISPOSITION OF THE CHLOROPLASTS WERE OBSCURE. COSMARIUM LAEVE RABENH. FL. EUR. ALG. ZTLIPSIAEJ7.‘2: I6I. I868. (PL. XIV, FIG.II) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 - I 5/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, VERY DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND WITH A DILAT- ED APEX; SEMICELLS SEMI-ELLIPTIC, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, APEX NARROWLY TRUNCATE AND RETUSE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL OVATE- ELLIPTIC; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL DELICATELY AND SOME- WHAT SPARCELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I9.5-28.03; BREADTH I5.5-I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 504-50|20 K I-..“ I58 ZYGOSPORE ANGULAR—GLOBOSE, SMOOTH, ANGLES DELICATELY THICKENED. HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I9, 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: ITA- PURA (LEMMERMANN I9I5), PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); BAHIA (FORSTER I964); MATO GRosso: PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO BRANco: SERRA DA LUA (FORSTER I965). COSMARIUM LOGIENSE BISS. F. NOV. (PL. XVI, FIG. 5) SYNONYMY: COSMARIUM LOGIENSE ROY & BISS.: GRONBLAD, LE ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [THELSINGFORSIAEJ7. SER. NOV. B, 'LL (6): I9, T. 6, FIG. I25. I945. COSMARIUM LOGIENSE BISS. F. PRESCOTT, IN CONTR. SCI. [TLOS ANGELESJ7. LL: I5, PL. 2, FIGS. 54-56. I957. CELLS ABOUT I 2/5 - I 5/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD,DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND WITH A SLIGHTLY I59 DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS SUBSEMICIRCULAR, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY CONVEX; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBEL- LIPTIC; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS, UNIFORMLY GRANULATE, GRANULES ARRANGED IN OBLIQUELY DECUSSATING AND VERTIC- AL SERIES; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 42.5-46.03; BREADTH 27.2-55.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I0.2-II.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 50). THIS NEW FORMA WAS DISCOVERED BY GRGNBLAD (I945) FROM SAMPLES GATHERED AT THE 'FAZENDA ITAPERINHA', PARA,, BUT RECORD- ED BY THE SAME AUTHOR AS THE TYPICAL COSMARIUM LOGIENSE ROY & BISS., IN DISPITE OF ITS CONSISTENTLY SMALLER SIZE. PRESCOTT (I957) REPORTED IDENTICAL MATERIAL FROM SAMPLES GATHERED BY DR. E. YALE DAWSON IN THE PROXIMITY OF FORMOSO, GOIAS. PRESCOTT POINTED OUT THE POSSIBILITY OF HIS MATERIAL BEING A NEW FORMA OF COSMARIUM LOGIENSE BIBS. AS HE REFERRED IT AS COSMARIUM LOGIENSE BISS. FA.. HOWEVER, HE DID NOT WRITE A LATIN DIAGNOSIS FOR THE PROBABLY NEW FORMA AND DID NOT NAME IT. GRONBLAD'S AND PRESCOTT'S PLANTS ARE ABSOLUTELY IDENTIC- AL, BOTH IN SIZE AND SHAPE, AND THEY AGREE PERFECTLY WITH THE PRESENT MATERIAL FROM CAETE, MINAS GERAIS. THE NEW FORMA IS SIMILAR TO THE TYPICAL ONE IN ALL RES- PECTS, EXCEPT FOR ITS CONSIDERABLY SMALLER DIMENSIONS. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: COSMARIUM LOGIENSE BISS. F. MINUS. COSMARIUM LUNDELLII DELP. VAR. CORRUPTUM (TURN.) WEST & WEST TRANS. LINN. SOC. LOND. (BOT.) Z?LONDON37. SER. 2,‘6 (5): I72. I902. (PL. XIV, FIG. 2) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR A LITTLE LONGER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND WITH A DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS SEMICIRCULAR OR PYRAMIDATE-SEMICIRCULAR, BASAL ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY CONVEX OR SLIGHTLY SUB- TRUNCATE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW Eu- LIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND IRREGULARLY SCROSICULATED, SCRO- SICULATIONS USUALLY LARGER AND MORE DISTINCT NEAR THE MARGIN , CENTER OF SEMICELLS GENERALLY THICKENED; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE , WITH PROMINENT RIDGES AND 2 LARGE PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 6|.23; BREADTH 52.73; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I7.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDAGE- I4I RIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I9). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY ONLY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL IN ITS SOME- WHAT SMALLER SIZE, AND IN HAVING THE SCROBICULATIONS LARGER AND MORE DISTINCT NEAR THE MARGINS OF THE SEMICELLS. COSMARIUM MONILIFORME (TURP.) RALFS RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON_7A I07, T. I7, FIG. 6. I848. (PL. XV, FIG. I5) CELLS ABOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS WIDELY OPEN; SEMICELLS CIRCULAR OR SUBCIR- CULAR; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS CIRCULAR OR SUBCIRCULAR; API- CAL VIEW CIRCULAR; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS; CHLOROPIASTS AXILE, WITH ABOUT 6 RADIATING VERTICAL PLATES AND A SINGLE CEN- TRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I7.0-27.23; BREADTH IO.2-I5.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.8-7.73. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAS. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|); IN GELATINOUS MAS- SES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BE- I42 TWEENIQW. 2I6 AND 2|? ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 55). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAIS? LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892); MATO GROSSO: Co- RUMBA, CUIABA (BORGE I903), PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PA- RA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAO I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: QUINTA (BOR- GE I903). COSMARIUM MONILIFERUM (TURP.) RALFS IS DISTINGUISHED FROM COSMARIUM GLOBOSUM BULNH., ITS CLOSE ALLIED, BY ITS RELATI- VELY NARROWER CELLS AND MORE NARROWED ISTHMUS. COSMARIUM NITIDULUM DE NOT. DESM. ITAL. [TEENOVAJ7. #2, T. 5, FIG. 26. l867. (PL. XIV, FIG. lb) CELLS ABOUT I l/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CON- STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS TRUNCATE-PYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES BROAD- LY ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEx, APICAL MARGIN SLIGHTLYCONVEx, STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY RETUSE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUBCIRCU- LAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND PUNCTATE, PUNCTAE SOMETIMES SCARCELY VISIBLE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH I45 WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 54.0U; BREADTH 25.53; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 8.5U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT ‘FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 50). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890); MINAS GERAIs: LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WAR- MING l892); GUANABARA: LAGOA DO RODRIGO (MOBIUS I889); RIO DE JANEIRO: SERRA DOS ORGXOS (KRIEGER I950); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). IT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO DISTINGUISH THIS SPECIES FROM COSMARIUM PSEUDDNITIDULUM NORDST., SINCE THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IS IN THE NUMBER OF PYRENOIDS. COSMARIUM NITIDULUM DE NOT. SHOULD ALSO BE COMPARED WITH COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST., FROM WHICH IT IS DIFFERENT BY ITS SOMEWHAT MORE ROUNDED SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW, WITH BROADER BASAL ANGLES, MORE CONVEX SIDES, AND LESS ANGULAR APICES. COSMARIUM NOVAE-SEMLIAE WILLE VAR. SIBIRICUM BOLOT OFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FBRH. [TSTOCKHOLM;7. fig (2): I08, T. 5, FIG. I4. I885. I44 (PL. XVI, FIG. I5) CELLS ABOUT I I/8 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, MODERATELY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS RELATIVELY DEEP, ISTHMUSSLIGHT— LY ELONGATED; SEMICELLS TRANSVERSELY SOMEWHAT OBLONG, LATERAL MARGINS WITH 2 OR 5 DENTICULATIONS, APICAL MARGIN RETUSE-EMARGI- NATE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL OVATE-ELLIPTIC, WITH A PAPILLA AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW SOMEWHAT NARROWLY ELLIR- TIC, WITH ABOUT 5 DENTICULATIONS AROUND THE MARGIN OF EACH POLE, AND A PROMINENT PAPILLA AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL IRREGULARLY PAPILLATE, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I5.6g; BREADTH II.9U; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5"2' ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY IS MAINLY DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TYPICAL COSMARIUM NOVAE-SEMLIAE WILLE BY ITS MUCH MORE DEEP SINUS, ITS NARROWER ISTHMUS, AND ITS DENTICULATIONS NOT SO POINTED, RE- DICED IN NUMBER. I45 IT CAN BE ALSO SOMEWHAT CONFUSED WITH COSMARIUM REGNE- Sll REINSCH, FROM WHICH IT IS DISTINGUISHED BY ITS PROPORTION- ATELY GREATER LENGTH OF THE CELL, THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE DENTI- CULATIONS, AND BY ITS SMALL PEG-LIKE PAPILLA IN THE CENTER OF EACH SEMICELL. COSMARIUM PHASEOLUS BREB. VAR. MINUS (BOLOT) KR. & GERL. OFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FBRH. [STOCKHOLMJ. fl (2): I02. I885. (PL. XIV, FIG. I2) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR AND WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS SUBELLIPTIC, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, APICAL MARGINBROAD- LY CONVEx; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR, WITH:A SLIGHT PROTUBERANCE AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, ALSO SHOWING A PROTUBERANCE AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, FINELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I7.9g;* BREADTH I7.02; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 4.5g. ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL AND ADORNED WITH DELICATE BPINES, WITH ABOUT I0 BPINES VISIBLE AROUND THE PERIPHERY, ACCORDING To HOLMFELD (I929). I46 HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THE SMALLER SIZE OF ITS CELLS AND THE SUBELLIPTIC OUT- LINE OF ITS SEMICELLS IN FRONT VIEW, ARE THE ONLY EVIDENT CHARAC- TERISTICS TO SEPARATE THIS VARIETY FROM THE TYPICAL COSMARIUM PHASEOLUS BREB.. ACCORDING TO KRIEGER & GERLOFF (I962) IT IS NOT ALWAYS THAT WE CAN SEE THE PROTUBERANCE AT THE MIDDLE OF THE SEMICELLS. COSMARIUM PSEUDOCONNATUM NORDST. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. [TkuflBENHAVN;7. I862: (PL. XV, FIGS. I4-I5) CELLS ALMOST I l/2 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, VERYSLIGHT- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE BY A BROAD AND VERY SHALLOW SINUS ; SEMICELLS SEMI-ELLIPTIC, WITH A SLIGHTLY NARROWED BASE, BOTH IN FRONT AND LATERAL VIEWS; APICAL VIEW CIRCULAR OR SUBCIRCULAR; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND PUNCTATE, THE PUNCTATIONS NEAR THE ISTH- MUS BEING SDMETIMES ARRANGED IN TRANSVERSE SERIES; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE OR PARIETAL, I-4 PER SEMICELL, EACH PART OR CHLOROPLAST I47 WITH ONE To SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 45.4-56.Ig; BREADTH 50.6-45.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 28.9-42.5g. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAS. - 0N DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDAGERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 26); IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FA- zENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 50); IN GELATIN- OUS MASSES ATTACHED To THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULD-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52); ON DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAD PAU- LO (C.E.M.B. 80); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POLLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8), SANTO AMARO (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I885, BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAls: CALDAS (WILLE I884), LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WILLE I884, WAR- MING I892); GOIAs: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957);‘ MATO GROSSO: CO- RUMBA, PORTO DO CAMPO, SAD LUTS DE CACERES (BORGE I925), NEAR CUIABA, NEIGHBOURHOOD OF THE XINGU RIVER HEADWATERS, FORMOSO CREEK (SCHMIDLE l90I); PARA: MONTE ALEGRE (DICKIE I88I), SAN- I48 TAREM (GRGNSLAD I945). COSMARIUM PSEUDOCONNATUM NORDST. IS DISTINGUISHED FROM COSMARIUM CONNATUM BREB. BY ITS RELATIVELY SMALLER CELLS, WITH A SLIGHTER CONSTRICTION AND MORE ROUNDED SEMICELLS. ACCORDING TO WEST & WEST (I908) THERE ARE 4 PARIETAL CHLOROPLASTS IN EACH SEMICELL OF COSMARIUM PSEUDOCONNATUMhmRDST. EACH WITH I PYRENOID. TEILING (I952), HOWEVER, MAKING A MOR— PHOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETICAL STUDY OF THE CHLOROPLASTS IN DES- MIDS, REPORTS THESE OF THE PRESENT SPECIES AS BEING OF AXILE TYPE. HE ALSO STATES THAT THE CONNECTING PART MAY BE LACKING AND A PARIETAL KIND OF CHLOROPLASTS MAY OCCUR, EACH PART CONTAIN- ING ONE, OR USUALLY SEVERAL PYRENOIDS. IN ALL THE SPECIMENS I HAD EXAMINED IT WAS PRESENT THE 4-RADIATE AxILE TYPE OF CHLOROPLAST, EACH PROJECTION WITH A SIN- GLE PYRENOID. COSMARIUM PSEUDOExIGUUM RAG. PAM. WYDz. AKAD. UMIEJ. KRAKOW [KRAKOW]. _I_Q_: 7|, T. I0. FIG. 8. I885. (PL. XIV, FIG. 9) CELLS ASOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD OR A LITTLE LONGER, \IERY DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR AND I49 WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS SUBQUADRATE, BASAL AN- GLES ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT FOR MORE THAN TWO THIRDS FROM THE BASE OF THE SEMICELL, OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX, APICAL MARGIN SLIGHTLY To BROADLY ROUNDED, RARELY STRAIGHT OR VERYFAINF LY RETUSE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBELLIPTIC; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS PARIE- TAL. LENGTH OF CELL 28.93; BREADTH I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.Lg. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAzENDA GERIzA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRO (KRIEGER I950). IT WAS ONLY POSSIBLE TO SEE ONE SPECIMEN OF THIS PLANT TrROM THE COLLECTIONS I HAVE AT MY DISPOSAL. UNFORTUNATELY, IT \NAS PRESERVED MATERIAL AND I WAS NOT ABLE TO SATISFACTORILY MAKE (DUT THE DISPOSITION OF THE CHLOROPLASTS, WHICH ARE SAID TO BE FPARIETAL ACCORDING TO RACIBORSKI (I885). HOWEVER, THE RELATIVE- l_Y DEEPER MEDIAN CONSTRICTION AND THE NARROWLY LINEAR SINUS OF firHE BRAzILIAN MATERIAL ALLOWED ME TO CONSIDER IT AS COSMARIUM .FSEUDOEXIGUUM RAC. INSTEAD OF ITS CLOSE ALLIED COSMARIUM EXIGUUM I50 ARCH.. COSMARIUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. MEM. SOC. SCI. NAT. CHERBOURG [TCHERBOURG;7. 3: I29, T. I, FIG. I6. I856. (PL. XVI, FIGS. 4-7) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CON- STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR AND WITH A SLIGHTLYDILATED APEx; SEMICELLS OBLONG-TRAPEZIFORM, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEx, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY TRUNCATE, STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONVEx; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, SOMETIMES WITH THE SLIGHTEST TRACE OF AN INFLA- TION AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE; CELL WALL UNIFORMLY GRANULATE OR GRANULATION REDUCED IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF EACH SEMICELL; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH I CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL (22.I-) 5|.5-57.4g; BREADTH (20.4-) 25.5-50.63; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS (6.8-) 8.5-I5.6g. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, FURNISHED WITH A NUMBER OF FAIRLY LONG, STOUT BPINES, FROM WHICH ABOUT II ARE VISIBLE AT THE PERI- PHERY; EACH SPINE ARISING FROM A BROADLY CONICAL BASE AND BI- FURCATE OR DOUBLY BIFURCATE AT THE APEX. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- I5I ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 96); PLACE NOT SPECIFIED AT 'FAzENDA MAE D'AGUA', MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. IOO); IN A DRAINAGE DITCH NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, SAO PAULO (SP 745I ); PLANKTONIC IN THE TIETE RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 7454); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAD PAULO (SP 28879). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MATO GROSSO: FORMOSO CREEK (SCHMIDLE I90I); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA (BORGE I905). COSMARIUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. VAR. ROTUNDATUM KLEBS SCHR. PHYS-BKON. GES. KBNIGSB. [TkONIGSBERG;7.‘2 (22): 57, T. 5, FIGS. 52, 54, 56. I879. (PL. XVI, FIG. 8) SEMICELL SOMEWHAT OBLONG, NOT SO PYRAMIDATE IN FRONT VIEW, APICAL MARGIN CONVEx; CELL WALL UNIFORMLY GRANULATE. LENGTH OF CELL 54.0-55.73; BREADTH 28.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.5-I0.22. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. I52 HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. COSMARIUM PYGMAEUM ARCH. PROC. DUBL. NAT. HIST. SOC. ZTbUBLINJ7. ‘4 (I): 66, PL. I. I864. (PL. XV, FIG. II) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR SLIGHTLY SHORTER, DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED’IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROW AND LINEAR; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT VARIABLE IN SHAPE, USUALLY TRANSVERSELY OBLONG-RECTAN- GULAR, MORE RARELY OBLONG-HExAGONAL, BASAL ANGLES OBTUSE, ROUND- ED, LATERAL MARGINS SOMEWHAT STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONVEX, APICAL MARGIN WIDELY TRUNCATE, STRAIGHT OR CONVEX, RARELY SLIGHTLY RE- TUSE, WITH A SCARCELY CONSPICUOUS PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE OF EACH SEMICELL AND, SOMETIMES, A MINUTE PAPILLA WITHIN EACHLATER- AL ANGLE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR, WITH OR WITH- OUT A PROMINENCE AT THE MIDDLE OF EACH SIDE; APICAL VIEW ELLIP- TIC AND WITH A MINUTE PAPILLA (RARELY ABSENT) ON EACH SIDE NEAR THE POLES; 'CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A SMALL CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I0.2g; BREADTH I0.2U; BREADTH OF ISTH- I55 MUS 5.03. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, SUBGLOBOSE OR OBLONG-GLOBOSE,SMOOTH. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. COSMARIUM PYRAMIDATUM BREB. F. NOV. (PL. XIV, FIG. 7) CELLS ABOUT I I/2 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CON- STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DI- LATED APEx; SEMICELLS TRUNCATE-PYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES SUBREC- TANGULAR AND ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEX, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY CONVEx; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS ELLIPTIC-OBLONG; A- PICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS, MINUTELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 54.0-55.73; BREADTH 25.82; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 5.I-6.83, ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN AND FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAO PAULO- I54 BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 59); IN A DRAIN- AGE DITCH BEHIND THE MUSEUM BUILDING, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, on PAULO (C.E.M.B. 90). THIS FORMA IS CLEARLY DISTINCT FROM THE TYPICAL COSMA- RIUM PYRAMIDATUM LUND. IN ITS CONSIDERABLY SMALLER SIZE. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: COSMARIUM PYRAMIDA- TUM BREB. F. MINUS. COSMARIUM QUADRUM LUND. NOVA ACTA R. SOC. SCIENT. UPSAL. [TUPSALIAE;7. SER. 5, 8: 25, T. 2, FIG. II. I87I. (PL. XVI, FIG. 2) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR VERY SLIGHTLY LONGER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS SUBRECTANGULAR, BASAL ANGLES SOMEWHAT ROUNDED OR SUBRECTANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX, SOMEWHAT DIVERGENT TOWARD THE APEx, APICAL MARGIN STRAIGHT OR SOMETIMES VERY SLIGHTLY RETUSE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW OBLONG-ELLIPTIC, WITH STRAIGHT PARALLEL SIDES; CELL WALL DENSELY AND UNIFORMLY GRANU- LATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH 2 PYRENOIDS IN EACH SEMICELL. LENGTH OF CELL 54.42; BREADTH 5|.03; BREADTH OF ISTH- I55 MUS I7.02. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GR"ONBLAD I945). THE NARROWLY RECTANGULAR OUTLINE OF THE SEMICELLS 0F COSMARIUM QUADRUM LUND. IN FRONT VIEW, WITH A BROAD FLATTENED A- PICAL MARGIN, ARE SUFFICIENT CHARACTERISTICS TO DISTINGUISH THIS SPECIES FROM ITS CLOSE ALLIES COSMARIUM MARGARITATUM (LUND.) ROY & BIBS. AND COSMARIUM CONSPERSUM RALFS. COSMARIUM RALFSII BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. Z7LONDOMJ7. 95, T. I5, FIG. 5. I848. (PL. XV, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, VERY DEEPLY CONSTRICTED AT THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR WITH THE APEx SLIGHTLY DILATED; SEMICELLS SUBTRAPEZIFORM OR NEARLY SEMI-CIRCULAR, BA- SAL ANGLES ROUNDED OR SOMEWHAT SUBRECTANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS SLIGHTLY CONVEX, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY ROUNDED OR TRUNCATELY I56 ROUNDED; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS NEARLY CIRCULAR; APICALVUEW RHOMBOID-ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS, FREQUENTLY FINELY PUNC- TATE AND SOMETIMES ALMOST SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS USUALLY PARIETAL, CONSISTING OF A NUMBER OF LONGITUDINAL IRREGULAR SANDS, EACHWHTH SEVERAL RATHER SMALL PYRENOIDS, OR SOMETIMES AXILE, WITH SEVERAL LONGITUDINAL RIDGES. LENGTH OF CELL I22.43; BREADTH |02.03; BREADTH OFISTH- MUS 25.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM AND MARGINS OF A VERY CLEAN AND FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 on THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 58). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. COSMARIUM RALFSII BREB. VAR. NOV. (PL. XV, FIG. 2) SEMICELLS WITH THE BASAL ANGLES CONSPICUOUSLY PRODUCED INTO A SHORT AND SOMEWHAT SPINEaLIKE STRUCTURE, LATERAL MARGINS WITH A WIDE AND SHALLOW DEPRESSION, APICAL MARGIN BROADLY TRUN- CATE. IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS IT AGREES PERFECTLY WITH THE TYPICAL VARIETY OF THE SPECIES. I57 LENGTH OF CELL I05.4-II5.63; BREADTH II5.6-I27.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 54.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 97). THIS VARIETY SHOULD BE COMPARED TO COSMARIUM RALFSII BREB. VAR. AzORICUM BOHLIN, FROM WHICH IT CAN BE EASILY DIS- TINGUISHED BY ITS PROPORTIONATELY BROADER THAN LONGER CELLS, BY THE MORE EVIDENT SPINE-LIKE PROJECTIONS OF THE BASAL ANGLES OF THE SEMICELLS, AND BY THE OUTWARD APPEARANCE OF ITS SEMICELLS. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: COSMARIUM RALFSII BREB. VAR. SKVORTZOVII. THIS PLANT WILL BE NAMED IN HONOR TO OR. BORIS VASILIEVICH SKVORTZOV, EMINENT RUSSIAN PHYCOLOGIST, WHO IS PRESENTLY WORKING AT THE 'INSTITUTO DE BOTANICA DE SAO PAULO', SAO PAULO, BRAZIL. COSMARIUM RECTANGULARE GRUN. VAR. HEXAGONUM (ELFV.) WEST & WEST MONOGR. BRIT. DESM. [LONDON]. 5: 56, PL. 70, FIG. 4. I908. (PL. XIV, FIG. I5) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN BROADER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR I58 WITH A DILATED APEX; SEMICELLS SUBHExAGONAL-RENIFORM, BASAL AN- GLES SUBRECTANGULAR AND ROUNDED, SIDES SOMEWHAT STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONVEX, APEx TRUNCATE AND STRAIGHT; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLOR- LESS AND FINELY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH I CEN- TRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I7.03; BREADTH |5.53; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.I3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF SPIROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 50). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: GOIAsz NEAR PEI- xE (PRESCOTT I957). COSMARIUM RECTANGULARE GRUN. VAR. HEXAGONUM (ELFV.) WEST & WEST DIFFERS FROM THE TTPICAL VARIETY OF THE SPECIES IN HAVING PROPORTIONATELY SHORTER CELLS, ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR VERY SLIGHTLY LONGER. THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL IS CONSIDERABLY SMALLER THAN THE LIMITS GIVEN IN WEST & WEST (I908). HOWEVER, SUCH A DIFFERENCE ALMOST DESAPPEARS IF WE CONSIDER THE PLANTS FROM THE REGION OF I59 TROIS RIVIERES, CANADA, REPORTED BY IRENEE-MARIE (I956), WHICH ALSO AGREE WITH OUR MATERIAL IN THE SHAPE OF ITS CELLS. COSMARIUM REGNESII REINSCH VAR. MONTANUM SCHM. HEDWIGIA zrbRESDENJ7.'2fl: 74, T. I, FIG. 9. I895. (PL. XVI, FIG. I6) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, SOMEWHAT MODERATELY CON- STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN, ROUNDED, WIDELY EXCAVATED; SEMICELLS TRANSVERSELY OBLONG-RECTANGULAR, WITH 5 MINUTE MARGIN- AL PROTUSERANCES IN FRONT VIEW, I CENTRAL AND A LITTLE SMALLER ONE WITHIN EACH LATERAL MARGIN, APICAL MARGIN SOMEWHAT STRAIGHT WITH A SHALLOW MEDIAN INCISION; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUB- CIRCULAR-ELLIPTIC; APICAL VIEW NEARLY ELLIPTIC, WITH A CONSPI- CUOUS PROTUBERANCE IN THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE, AND A SMALLER ONE ON EACH SIDE JUST BELLOW EACH POLE; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLOR- LESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL II.|3; BREADTH I0.23; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 4.53, ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). I60 BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL COSMARIUM REGNE- SII REINSCH IN HAVING THREE PROTUBERANCES ON EACH SIDE, IN A VERTICAL VIEW. COSMARIUM RENIFORME (RALFS) ARCH. d. BOT., LOND. [TLONDONJ7.IL§: 92. I874. (PL. XVI, FIG. I) CELLS SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS SOMEWHAT NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A WIDELY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS RENIFORM; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS, UNIFORMLY GRANULATE, GRANULES ROUNDED, OISPOSED IN OBLIQUELY DECUSSATING SERIES; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL 59.I-57.83; BREADTH 59.I-5|.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.9-I8.73. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. I9, 50, 5|); ON DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 27); FORMING A GREENISH SCUM ON A TEMPORARY POOL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 29). I6I BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULD: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8). COSMARIUM SEXNOTATUM GUTW. VAR. TRISTRIATUM (LBTK.) SCHM. OST. BOT. Z. WIENJ7.l£2: 458. l895. (PL. XVI, FIG. I5) CELLS ALMOST AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT PYRAMID- ATE-TRAPEZIFORM, BASAL ANGLES SUBRECTANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS 4- CRENATE OR SOMETIMES ALMOST STRAIGHT; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, MARGINS GRANULATE, THE 5GRAN- ULES AT THE MIDDLE ON EACH SIDE MORE PROMINENT THAN THE OTHERS; CELL WALL GRANULATE AND COLORLESS, WITH A SINGLE SERIES OF SMALL GRANULES IN THE CENTRE OF THE SEMICELLS ABOVE AND RATHER CLOSE TO THE ISTHMUS, ONE OR ALL THE 5 DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS, GENERALLY INTO A LARGER AND A SMALLER PORTIONS; CHLOROPLASTS AxILE, WITH A CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I8.73; BREADTH I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- I62 LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 55). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945). THE CHIEF DISTINCTION BETWEEN THIS VARIETY AND THETYPIG AL COSMARIUM SExNOTATUM GUTW. IS THE SOMEWHAT PYRAMIDATE TRAPEZI- FORM SHAPE OF ITS CELLS. HOWEVER, COSMARIUM SExNOTATUM GUTW. VAR. TRISTRIATUM (L6TK.) SCHM. ExHISITS SUCH A VARIATION IN THE SIZE OF ITS SEMICELLS THAT IT IS NOT ALWAYS EASY TO SEPARATETHIS VARIETY FROM THE TYPICAL ONE. DETAILS OF THE CENTRAL GRANULES CAN ALSO VARY CONSIDER- ABLY. COSMARIUM SPECIOSUM LUND. VAR. ROSTAFINSKII (GUTW.) WEST & WEST MONOGR. BRIT. DESM. [LONDON]. 2: 25I, PL. 89, FIGS. 8-I0. I908. (PL. XIV, FIG. I2) CELLS ABOUT I I/2 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, MODERATELY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS PYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES SUBRECTANGULAR, LATER- AL MARGINS ABOUT 6-CRENATE AND SLIGHTLY CONVEX, APICAL MARGIN WIDELY TRUNCATE AND FREQUENTLY 4- OR 5-CRENATE; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS OVATE-OBLONG; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC, POLES VERY DELI- CATELY GRANULATE, GRANULES OISPOSED IN CURVED TRANSVERSE SERIES; I65 CELL WALL COLORLESS AND GRANULATE, GRANULES IN REGULAR, RADIAL AND CONCENTRIC SERIES; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH I CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 52.53; BREADTH 22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - 0N DAMP SOIL AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 26). I BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL COSMARIUM SPECIO- SUM LUND. IN HAVING ITS SEMICELLS RATHER MORE REGULARLY PYRAMID- ATE, WITH THE APEX EVIDENTLY TRUNCATE. COSMARIUM SUBCUCUMIS SCHM. BER. NATURF. GES. FREIBURG. I B. [TFREIBURG I BRMJ7. l (I): 98, T. 4, FIGS. 20-22. I895. (PL. XIV, FIGS. 4-5) CELLS ABOUT I 2/5 - I 5/4 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS SLIGHTLY OPEN OR LINEAR AND DILATED TOWARD THE APICES; SEMICELLS SEMI-ELLIPTIC, BASAL ANGLE; ROUNDED, APEX OFTEN BROADLY CONVEX OR SOMETIMES SOMEWHATFLATTEN- I64 ED; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL BROADLY ELLIPTIC; APICAL VIEW EL- LIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH OR FINELY PUNCTATE; CHLORO- PLASTS AxILE, EACH WITH 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL (40.8-) 59.5-78.53; BREADTH (22.I-)57.4 -49.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS (6.8-) II.9-22.I3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOFMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52, 57); IN A DRAINAGE DITCH NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (SP 745I); PLANKTONIC IN THE TIETE RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 7454). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: GOIAs: PORTA A- ZUL (FORSTER I964); PARA: SANTAREM (GRONBLAD I945); RIO DE JA- NEIRO: ITATIAIA (KRIEGER I950). ALTHOUGH HAVING BEEN A RELATIVELY LARGE NUMBER OFPLANTS FROM 4 DIFFERENT LOCALITIES, I WAS NOT ABLE TO SEE THE ”SMOOTH CELL WALL“, AS STATED BY WEST & WEST (I905). THE CELL WALL IN OUR MATERIAL IS DEFINITELY FINELY PUNCTATE. THIS SPECIES DIFFERS FROM COSMARIUM CUCUMIS CORDA Ex RALFS, ITS CLOSE ALLIED, IN ITS AXILE CHLOROPLASTS, EACH WITH 2 RATHER LARGE PYRENOIDS. I65 COSMARIUM SUBCUCUMIS SCHM. F. NOV. (PL. XIV, FIG. 6) CELLS NARROWER, ABOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD, VERY DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE. IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS ITAGREES PERFECTLY WITH THE TYPICAL FORM. LENGTH OF CELL 59.53; BREADTH 26.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 28879). THE CONSPICUOUSLY DISTINCT CELL PROPORTIONS OF THE BRA- ZILIAN PLANT ARE SUFFICIENT TO DISTINGUISH IT FROM THE TYPICAL FORM OF COSMARIUM SUBCUCUMIS SCHM.. THE PRESENT FORMA SOMEWHAT RESEMBLES COSMARIUM SUBCUCU- glg SCHM. VAR. MAGNUM RAc., FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS BY ITS CONSIS- TENTLY SMALLER SIZE OF THE CELLS AND ITS MORE DEEPLY CONSTRICTED CELLS. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: COSMARIUM SUBCUCUMIS SCHM. F. COMPRESSUM. I66 COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. KLEBSII (GUTW.) WEST & WEST MONOGR. BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON;7.‘2: I95, PL. 65, FIGS. 2I-25.I905. (PL. XIV, FIG. 8) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR UP TO I 5/5 TIMES LON- GER THAN BROAD; SEMICELLS TRUNCATE-PYRAMIDATE, BASAL ANGLES ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEX, SOMEWHAT MORE CONVERGENT THAN IN THE TYPICAL FORM, APEx SOMETIMES THICKENED, TRUNCATE, GENE- RALLY STRAIGHT. LENGTH OF CELL 55.7-57.43; BREADTH 25.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.8-8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. I AM IN SOME DOUBT IF THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL SHOULD REhAt.LY BE REFERRED TO COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. KLEBSII (GUTW.) WEST 8. WEST. THIS VARIETY DIFFERS VERY LITTLE FROM THE 7"" ICAL ONE AND, VERY OFTEN, IT IS SCARCELY POSSIBLE TO DIS- T'NGUISH BETWEEN BOTH. FURTHERMORE, THE BRAZILIAN PLANTS RESEMBLE VERY MUCH 1“*Ei SUMATRAN FORM OF THE COSMARIUM GRANATUM BREB. REPORTED BY KR' EGER (I952), CHIEFLY IN ITS MEASUREMENTS AND THE PRESENCE OF I67 A THICKENING AT THE APICAL MARGIN OF THE SEMICELLS. COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. MINOR BORGE BOT. NOTISER ZTLUNQ47. I2I5 (2): I8, T. I, FIG. II. I9I5. SYNONYMY: COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM (PL. XIV, FIG. I4) SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. 33335 STRBM NON BORGE: KRIEGER, 33 ARCH. KYDROBIOL. ZTSTUTTGARTJ7. SUPPL. LL: I87, T. 9, FIG. 24. I952; HIRA- NO. LE FAUNA FL. NEPAL HIMALAYA [TKYOTO;7. L: 27, T. 4, FIG. I5. J952-55. SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. 55233 NYG., IN K. DANSKE VIDENSK. SELSK. SKR. [TKJOBENHAVN;7. BIOL. l (I): 69, FIG. 5|. I949. SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. KLEBSII (GUTW.) WEST & WEST F. 33335 RICH, L5 ANN. MAG. NAT. HIST. [TLONDONJ7. SER. |0,'LQ (57): 248, FIG. 2 I-J. I952. SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. Elflgfi J. SAMP.: YA- CUBSON, LE BOLN SOC. ARGENT. BOT. erA PLATAJZ § (2): 77, PL. 2, FIG. I5. I960. CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR A LITTLE SHORTER, DEEP- I68 LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH ASLIGHF- LY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS PYRAMIDATE-SEMICIRCULAR, BASALANGLES ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEx, APEx WIDELY TRUNCATE AND USUAL- LY STRAIGHT; LATERAL VIEW OF BEMICELLS CIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AxILE, EACH WITH A SINGLE PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I5.63; BREADTH I5.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.43. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - 0N DRIPPING STONES OF A SMALL WATER FALL AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF SAD PAULO, TREMEMBE, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 80). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THERE IS SOME CONFUSION IN RESPECT TO THE NOMENCLATURE OF THIS FORMA. THE BRAZILIAN MATERIAL AGREES PERFECTLY WITH THE FORMA MINOR DESCRIBED (7) BY KRIEGER (I952), AND WHICH WAS MORERECENT- LY REPORTED BY HIRANO (I952-55) FROM A POND AT LUITEL BHANJYANG, NEPAL HIMALAYA. KRIEGER’S FORMA, HOWEVER, DUPLICATES A NAME PREVIOUSLY AND VALIDLY PUBLISHED BY BORGE (I9I5) FOR A TAXON OF THE SAME RANK BASED ON A TYPE HE FOUND IN VASSIJAURE AND KETTER- JAURE, SWEDEN. ACCORDING TO THE ART. 64: 2, OF THE INTERNATION- I69 AL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE, KRIEGER'S FORMA MUST BE RE- JECTED AND REGARDED AS A SYNONYMOUS OF THE F. MINOR AS DESCRIBED BY BORGE. TO COMPLICATE MATTERS, FURTHER A F. PARVA WAS DESCRIBED BY NYGAARD (I949), BASED ON THE SMALLER SIZE OF HIS PLANT AS COM- PARED TO THE TYPICAL. HOWEVER, HE OVERLOOKED THE FACT THAT A SMALLER FORM OF THE TYPE HAD ALREADY BEEN DESCRIBED BY RICH (I952) UNDER THE NAME COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. KLEBSII (GUTW.) WEST & WEST F. MINOR RICH. AS BOTH PLANTS ARE ABSOLUTE- LY SIMILAR BOTH IN MEASUREMENTS AND OTHER RESPECTS, THEY ARE TO BE CONSIDERED AS SYNONYMOUS ACCORDING TO THE ART. 64: I, OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE. FURTHERMORE, BOTH PLANTS MUST BE REGARDED AS SYNONYMOUS OF COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. MINOR BORGE, WHICH HAS PRIORITY ACCORDING TO THE ART. 57 OF THE SAME CODE. YACUBSON (I960) REPORTS COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. MINOR J. SAMP. FROM CORDOBA, WHICH REALLY SHOUL BE REGARD- ED AB SYNONYMOUS OF BORGE'S F. MINOR, SINCE IT AGREES ExACTLY WITH IT IN THE MEASUREMENTS AND IN ALL OTHER RESPECTS. IN RESPECT TO HIRANO'S (I952-55) CITATION OF COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. MINOR STRIIM, I WOULD LIKE TO MENTION THAT THERE IS NO SUCH PLANT DESCRIBED BY STROM. KRIEGER APPEARS TO HAVE MADE A MISTAKE IN USING THIS CITATION. STRBM (I9I9) DES- CRIBED A VAR. MINOR OF THE COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST., BASED I70 ON SOME SPECIMENS HE FOUND IN WLADIKAOKAS, KASBEK, CAUCASUS, AND WHICH DID NOT DIFFER IN MEASUREMENTS FROM BORGE‘S FORMA BUT HAS ITS APICES MORE ROUNDED. HIRANO'S PLANT IS IN ACTUALITY SYNONYM- OUS WITH F. MINOR BORGE. FINALLY, I WOULD PROPOSE THE FOLLOWING MEASUREMENTS LI- MITS FOR COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. MINOR BORGE: LENGTH OF THE CELL ......... (I2.0-) I6.0-24.0 (-26.03) BREADTH OF THE CELL ........ (I0.0-) I5.0-25.5 {-26.03) BREADTH OF ISTHMUS ......... (5.0-) 4.0-7.0 (-9.03). COSMARIUM TINCTUM RALFS RALFS BRIT. DESM. l7LONDONJ7. 95, PL. 52, FIG. 7. I848. (PL. XV, FIG. I2) CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, MODERATELY CONSTRICT- ED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROW TOWARD THE APEx BUT OPEN OUTWARD; SEMICELLS ELLIPTIC; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELLS SUBCIRCULAR; Ar PICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND USUALLY OF A YELLOW R) A REDDISH-BROWN COLOR (VERY SELDOM COLORLESS); CHLOROPLASTS AK- ILE AND WITH A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL I0.23; BREADTH 7.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.I3. ZYGOSPORE SMOOTH AND SUBQUADRATE, WITH ROUNDED POLES I7! AND RETUSE MARGINS. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: GOIAs: PORTA A- l ’ ZUL (FBRSTER I964); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA (BORGE I905); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). COSMARIUM TINCTUM RALFS CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM BOTH COSMARIUM BIOCULATUM BREB. AND COSMARIUM TENUE ARCH. BY ITS PRO- PORTIONATELY LONGER CELLS WHICH ARE NOT SO DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE. THE SEMICELLS ARE ALSO MORE BROADLY ELLIPTIC, THE SINUS MORE OPEN, AND THE CELL WALL IS USUALLY OF A YELLOW TO A REDDISH-BROWN COLOR. THE KIND OF ZYGOSPORE IS ALSO CHARACTERISI IC FOR THIS SPECIES. COSMARIUM TRILOBULATUM REINSCH ACTA SOC. SENCKENB. [TFRANCOFURTI AD MOENUMJ7. é: II8, T. 22AII, FIGS. I-6. I867. (PL. XV, FIG. 6) CELLS VERY SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN BROAD OR UP TO I I/2Tw- MES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS I72 NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED APEx; SEMICELLS SOME- WHAT 5-LOBED, BASAL LOBES SHORT, SUBRECTANGULAR WITH ROUNDED AN- GLES, APICAL LOBE WIDEST, APEx STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONVEx, INCI- SIONS BETWEEN LOBES WIDE AND SHALLOW; LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL BROADLY ELLIPTIC; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AxILE, WITH A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 25.83; BREADTH I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.|3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- aos RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 25579). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MINAS GERAIS: LA- GOA SANTA (WILLE I884). IN OUTWARD APPEARANCE THIS SPECIES BEARS CONSIDERABLE RESEMBLANCE TO COSMARIUM HAMMERI REINSCH, FROM WHICH IT DIFFERS ONLY BY ITS SMALLER SIZE. ARTHRODESMUS EHRENBERG, I858 ARTHRODESMUS CONVERGENS EHR. INFUS. Z7LEIPZIGJ7. I52, T. I0, FIG. I8. I858. (PL. XVI, FIG. l7) I75 CELLS ABOUT I I/6 - I I/5 TIMES BROADER THAN LONG, IN- CLUDING THE SPINES, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACU- TE-ANGLEO; SEMICELLS ALMOST PERFECTLY ELLIPTICAL, DORSAL MARGIN USUALLY A LITTLE MORE CONVEx THAN THE VENTRAL ONE, ANGLES SOME- TIMES ROUNDED-CONICAL, USUALLY FURNISHED WITH A RATHER SHORTANO SLIGHTLY INCURVED SPINE; APICAL VIEW OF CELL NARROWLY ELLIPTIC, EACH POLE FURNICHED WITH A SHORT STOUT SPINE; CELL WALL COLOR- LESS, SMOOTH OR VERY FINELY PUNCTATE. LENGTH OF CELL 28.9-50.63; BREADTH, INCLUDING BPINES 52.5-54.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.5-I0.23. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND SMOOTH. HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75); PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BAHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MATO GRosso: IN A CREEK NEAR THE XINGU RIVER HEADWATERS (SCHMIDLE I90I); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). I PREFER TO CONSIDER THIS PLANT AS BELONGING TO THE GE- NUS ARTHRODESMUS AND NOT TO STAURODESMUS AS IT WAS SUGGESTED BY LILLIEROTH (I950), BECAUSE OF ITS DEFINITELY 2-RADIATE AND INVAR- I74 IABLY COMPRESSED APICAL VIEW. STAURODESMUS TEILING, I948. STAURODESMUS CUSPIDATUS (BREB.) TEIL. VAR. TRICUSPIDATUS (BREB.) TEIL. BOT. NOTISER [TLUNDJ7. I248 (I): 60, FIG. 6|. I948. (PL. XVI, FIG. 25) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR A LITTLE LONGER, DEEP AND BROADLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND OBTUSE, Wk- DENING OUTWARD; SEMICELLS FUSIFORM, VENTRAL MARGIN MORE CONVEx THAN THE DORSAL, LATERAL ANGLES TERMINATING IN A STOUT SPINE EI- THER PARALLEL OR coNVERGING, THE ISTHMUS LONG AND CYLINDRICAL, ABOUT AS LONG AS A SINGLE SEMICELL; APICAL VIEW OF CELL USUAL- LY 5-ANGULAR, RARELY 4-ANGULAR, SIDES CONCAVE, ANGLES INFLATED, EACH WITH I SPINE; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS. LENGTH OF CELL 20.4-24.53; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 20.0-22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 4.0-4.53. ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL, WITH A NUMBER OF LONG STOUT SPINES SWOLLEN AT THE BASE. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. I75 92); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95, 95, 96). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8), SAO PAULO (BICUDO & BICUDO I962),SER— RA DA BOCAINA (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAIs: LAGOA SANTA (WILLE I884); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). STAURODESMUS DEJECTUS (BREB.) TEIL. F. ANGUSTUS TEIL. NOM. NUD. VIII CONGR. INT. BOT. ZTPARISJ7. SECT. Ll: I29. I954. (PL. XVI, FIGS. I8—I9) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, WITHOUT THE SPINES, DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS WIDELY OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLEm SEMICELLS NEARLY 5-ANGULAR, DORSAL AND LATERAL MARGINS NEARLY STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEx, ANGLES TERMINATING IN A SHORT STOUT SPINE, USUALLY DIVERGING, SOMETIMES PARALLEL; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR AND RARELY 4-ANGULAR, SIDES SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, ANGLES SLIGHTLY TURGID AND TERMINATING IN A STRONG SPINE; CELL WALL SMOOTH AND COLORLESS. LENGTH OF CELL, NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES 20.4-25.53; BREADTH 20.5-25.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 4.0-6.03. ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL AND ADORNED WITH A NUMBER OF RATHER SHORT STOUT SPINES, BROAD AT THEIR BASE. I76 HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. STAURODESMUS DEJECTUS (BREB.) TEIL. F. ANGUSTUS TEIL.IS NOT A VALID NAME, SINCE IT WAS "MERELY PROPOSED IN ANTICIPATION OF THE FUTURE ACCEPTANCE OF A PARTICULAR CIRCUMSCRIPTION" (ART. 55 OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE). TEIL- ING (I954) HAS SUGGESTED THE NAME FORMA ANGUSTUS FOR ALL THE PLANTS HAVING AN ACUTE SINUS RATHER THAN A ROUNDED ONE. BUT, ACCORDING TO THE SAME AUTHOR, IT WOULD BE ONLY A TEMPOARARY NAME UNTIL THE VARIABILITY AND TAxONOMIC VALUE OF THAT CHARACTER IS CLEAR. THUS, I PREFER TO CONSIDER THE NAME PROPOSED BY TEIL- ING (I954) A "NOMEM NUDUM", AND SUCH STATUS SHOULD BE INDICATED AS STAURODESMUS DEJECTUS (BREB.) TEIL. F. ANGUSTUS TEIL. NOM. NUD., RATHER THAN STAURODESMUS DEJECTUS (BREB.) TEIL. F. ANGUS- 122 TEIL. AS USED BY CROASDALE CROASDALE (I957, I962) AND CROAS- DALE & GRBNBLAD (I964). I77 STAURODESMUS DICKEI (RALFS) LILL. ACTA LIMNOL. [LUNG]. 5: 264. I950. (PL. XVI, FIG. 20) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR SLIGHTLY BROADER (NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES), DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT SUBELLIPTIC, DORSAL AND VENTRAL MARGINS ALMOST EQUALLY CONVEx, OR THE VENTRAL MARGIN A LITTLE MORE CONVEX THAN THE DORSAL, ANGLES TERMINATING IN A SHORT SLIGHTLY RECURVED SPINE, DIRECTED TO THE OTHER SEMICELL; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS SOMEWHAT CONCAVE, ANGLES RATHER INFLATED, EACH WITH A SHORT SPINE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL 28.93; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 54.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.53. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, COVERED WITH NUMEROUS LONG SPINES, WHICH HAVE A BROADER BASE. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 28879). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): SAO PAULO (BORGE I9I8); MATO GROSSO: CORUMBA (BOR- GE I905), PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRON- BLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: PELOTAS (BORGE I905). I78 STAURODESMUS DICKEI (RALFS) LILL. VAR. RHOMBOIDEUM (WEST & WEST) LILL. F. MINOR POUCQ. REVUE GEN. BOT. ZTPARISJ7. '52: II, FIG. 2, N. 24. I952. (PL. XVI, FIG. 2|) CELLS SMALLER THAN THE TYPE, A LITTLE BROADER THAN LONQ SEMICELLS DISTINCTLY RHOMBOIDAL IN SHAPE, VENTRAL MARGINS STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEx, ANGLES TERMINATING IN A SHORT RATHER STRAIGHT SPINE, USUALLY AT RIGHT ANGLE WITH THE VENTRAL MARGI N. LENGTH OF CELL I8.fl3; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 25.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. STAURODESMUS SUBPYGMAEUM (W. WEST) CROAS. VAR. MINUS (SCOTT & GRONBL.) COMB. NOV. (=STAURASTRUM SUBPYGMAEUM W. WEST VAR. MINUS SCOTT & GRBNBL.) ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. ATHELSINGFORSIAEJ7. SER. NOV. 8, ll (8): 47, T. 5|, FIGS. I2-l5. I957. I79 (PL. XVI, FIG. 22) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, INCLUDING THE MAMILLATE PROCESSES, OR A LITTLE LONGER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT WIDELY CUNEATE, LATERAL MARGINS ALMOST STRAIGHT, APICAL MARGIN CONVEx, ANGLES PRODUCED INTO A MAMILLATE PROCESS NEARLY HORIZONTALLY ExTENDED; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, SIDES CONVEx, ANGLES MAMILLATE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, EITHER SMOOTH OR VERY FINELY PUNCTATE. LENGTH OF CELL I5.53; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE PROCESSES I5.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 5.I3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. THIS VARIETY FULLY AGREES WITH THE TYPICAL STAURODESMUS SUBPYGMAEUM (W. WEST) CROAS. IN ALL THE OTHER RESPECTS BUT ITS CONSISTENTLY SMALLER SIZE, WHICH IS LESS THAN HALF THE TYPICAL PLANT. I80 XANTHIDIUM EHRENBERG, I857. XANTHIDIUM FRAGILE BORGE K. SV. VET.-AKAD. HANDL. [THANDLINGARJ7. ‘24 (I2): I7, T. I, ma. I4. I899. (PL. XVIII, FIGS. I-2) CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, INCLUDING THE SPINES, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACUTE AND OPEN; SEMI- CELLS HEXAGONAL, BASAL MARGINS CONVEx AND WITH A SINGLE MINUTE SPINE BENEATH EACH ANGLE, LATERAL AND APICAL MARGINS CONCAVE, WITH A LOWER SERIES OF 6 ANGLES, THE UPPER ONE WITH 4, ALL ANGLBs SLIGHTLY PRODUCED AND FURNISHED WITH 2-6 VERY STOUT SIMPLE SPIN- ES, WHICH ARE FAIRLY LONG, USUALLY CURVED (VERY RARELY STRAIGHT); LATERAL VIEW OF SEMICELL VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE FRONT VIEW, BUT SOMEWHAT NARROWED; APICAL VIEW 6-ANGULAR, SIDES FAINTLYCON- CAVE, ANGLES FURNISHED WITH 2-6 STOUT, FAIRLY LONG, USUALLY CURV- ED SPINES, ANGLES OF THE UPPER SERIES APPEARING WITHIN THE LA- TERAL MARGINS, ALTERNATING WITH THOSE OF THE LOWER SERIES; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS PARIETAL, 4 IN EACH SEMI- CELL AND EACH WITH USUALLY I OR RARELY 2 PYRENOIDS. LENGTH OF CELL, INCLUDING THE SPINES I05.43, NOT IN- CLUDING THE SPINES 78.23; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 85.03, NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES 64.63; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 25.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. |8I HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). I DO NOT BELIEVE THAT BORGE'S VARIETY DEPAUPERATUM FOR THIS SPECIES IS A GOOD VARIETY SINCE, ACCORDING TO BORGE (I9I8), IT WOULD ONLY DIFFER FROM THE TYPICAL XANTHIDIUM FRAGILE BORGE IN HAVING 4 SPINES IN THE MEDIAN ANGLE OF THE FRONT VIEW OF ITS SEMICELLS. AS FAR AS I CAN JUDGE, SUCH CHARACTER IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO DISTINGUISH THAT VARIETY, SINCE IT HAS A WIDE RANGE OF VARIA- TION, ALL THE POSSIBLE INTERMEDIATE FORMS BEING FOUND. FORSTER (I964) REPORTS SOME PLANTS FROM SERRA OA LUA, RIO BRANCO, WHICH HAVE 6 SPINES IN THE MEDIAN ANGLE, AND 5 OR 4 IN THE OTHER ONES. THUS, I THINK, IT WOULD BE MORE ADVISABLE TO CONSIDER XANTHIDIUM FRAGILE BORGE VAR. DEPAUPERATUM BORGE AS IDENTICAL WITH THE TYPICAL PLANT. XANTHIDIUM REGULARE NORDST. VAR. NOV. (PL. XVIII, FIG. 5; PL. XIX, FIG. 4) I82 SYNONYMY: XANTHIDIUM REGULARE NORDST. FORMA I FBRST. & ECKERT., LE HYDROBIOL. zrbEN HAAQJ7.‘EZ (5-4): 4I2, T. 27, T. 47, PHOT. 25. I964. CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED TO ALMOST RECTANGULAR; SEMICELLS SIMILAR IN BOTH FRONT AND LATERAL VIEWS,-ELLIPTIC-HEXA- GONAL, BASAL MARGIN CONVEx, LATERAL AND APICAL MARGINS STRAIGHT OR FAINTLY CONCAVE, LOWER AND UPPER ANGLES (8 ANGLES IN THE LOW- ER SERIES AND 4 IN THE UPPER ONE) FURNISHED WITH A SIMPLE,STOUT, FAIRLY LONG SPINE IN WHICH BASE THERE IS A RING OF 6-8 PROMINENT MAMILLATE PROCESSES; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 8-ANGULAR, EACH ANGLE WITH A SIMPLE, STOUT, RATHER LONG SPINE IN WHICH BASE THERE IS A RING OF 6-8 MAMILLATE PROCESSES, THE SPINES OF THE UPPER ANGLES APPEARING WITHIN THE LATERAL MARGINS AND SOMEWHAT COINCIDENTWHTH THE MEDIAN ANGLES OF THE FRONT VIEW; CELL WALL COLORLESS, UNI- FORMLY PUNCTATE; CHLOROPLASTS NOT OBSERVED. LENGTH OF CELL, INCLUDING THE SPINES 82.0-96.03, NOT IN- CLUDING THE SPINES 59.5-70.03; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 75.|-85.03, NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES 42.5-6I.03; BREADTH OFISTH- MUS 50.6-54.03. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. I85 HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD. ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: RIO BRANCO: SER— RA DA LUA (FORSTER I964). THIS PLANT WAS FIRSTLY DISCOVERED IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF 'SERRA DA LUA', RIO BRANCO, AND REPORTED BY F8RSTER (I964) x; XANTHIDIUM REGULARE NORDST. FORMA I. THE NEW VARIETY IS WELL-MARKED AND READILYDISTINGUISHED FROM THE TYPICAL XANTHIDIUM REGULARE NORDST., ITS CLOSELY ALLIEQ BY ITS SOMEWHAT MORE COMPACT CELLS ADORNED WITH I2 SPINES DIS- TRIBUTED IN 2 SERIES, 8 IN THE LOWER SERIES AND 4 IN THE UPPER ONE, AND BY ITS CELL WALL UNIFORMLY AND CONSPICUOUSLY PUNCTATE. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: XANTHIDIUM REGULA- 35 NORDST. VAR. FORSTERI. THIS PLANT WILL BE NAMED IN HONOR TO OR. KURT F8RSTER, GERMANY, WHO IS PRESENTLY MAKING AN INTENSIW: STUDY OF THE BRAZILIAN DESMIDS. STAURASTRUM MEYEN, I829; EMEND. RALFS, I845. STAURASTRUM ALTERNANS BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [BLONDON47. I52, T. 2|, FIG. 7. I848. I84 (PL. XVIII, FIG. 9) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, TWISTED AT THE ISTHMUS, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND SOMEWHAT ACUTE- ANGLED; SEMICELLS NEARLY OBLONG-ELLIPTIC, LATERAL ANGLES ROUND- ED, APICAL MARGINS FLATTENED IN THE MIDDLE OR CONVEX IF THE CELL IS VERY SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE; APICAL VIEW OF THE CELL 5-ANGULAR, ANGLES OF ONE SEMICELL ALTERNATING WITH THOSE OF THE OTHER, SIDES CONCAVE, ANGLES ROUNDED; CELL WALL FINELY GRANULATE, GRANULES IN CONCENTRIC RINGS AROUND THE ANGLES, BUT SCATTERED AND SOME- WHAT REDUCED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE APEx OF THE SEMICELL. LENGTH OF CELL 50.63; BREADTH 28.93; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE AND, ACCORDING TO RALFS (I848), FUR- NISHED WITH SPINES FORKED AT THE APEX. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPmU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULD: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); GOIAs: NEAR PEIXE (PRESCOTT I957). THE ZYGOSPORE OF THIS SPECIES WAS DESCRIBED BY RALFS, BUT NOT FIGURED. ACCORDING TO WEST & WEST (I9I2), SINCE RALFS I85 HAD BEEN FOR MANY YEARS GREATLY CONFUSED BETWEEN THIS SPECIES AND STAURASTRUM HEXACERUM (EHR.) WITTR. (8 STAURASTRUM TRICORNE RALFS), ONE CAN NOT SURE THAT THE ZYGOSPORE DESCRIBED BY RALFS REALLY BELONGED TO STAURASTRUM ALTERNANS BREB.. STAURASTRUM COSMARIOIDES NORDST. VAR. TROPICUM (LAGERH.) BORGE K. SV. VET.-AKAD. HANDL. [THANDLINGARJ7.‘§& (I2): 28, T. 2, FIG. 4|. I899. (PL. XVII, FIG. I0) CELLS ABOUT TWICE AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR WITH A SLIGHTLY DILATED A- PEx; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT SUBRECTANGULAR, BASAL ANGLES RECTANGULAR ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT AND PARALLEL OR SLIGHTLY RETU- SE JUST ABOVE THE BASAL ANGLES AND THEN VERY SLIGHTLY CONVERGENT TO THE APICES, WHICH ARE BROADLY ROUNDED OR TRUNCATELY-ROUNDED; APICAL VIEW OF CELL USUALLY 5-ANGULAR, RARELY 4-ANGULAR, WITH BROADLY ROUNDED ANGLES AND VERY SLIGHTLY RETUSE MARGINS; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND COARSELY PUNCTATE. LENGTH OF CELL 78.2-86.73; BREADTH 59.I-45.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I7.0-20.43. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- I86 ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAO PAU- L0 (SP 28879). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA, SAO PAULO (BORGE I9I8). THIS VARIETY IS READILY DISTINGUISHED FROM THE TYPICAL FORM OF STAURASTRUM COSMARIOIDES NORDST. BY ITS SOMEWHAT RECTANG- ULAR OR SUBTRAPEZOIDAL OUTLINE OF ITS CELLS. STAURASTRUM ELLIPTICUM W. WEST F. NOV. (PL. XVII, FIG. 2) CELLS ABOUT I I/2 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, FAIRLY DEEP CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACUTELY OPEN; SEMICELLS ELLIP- TICAL; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, OR MORE SELDOMLY 4-ANGUL- AR, SIDES STRAIGHT, OR SLIGHTLY CONVEx OR VERY RARELY CONCAVE, ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS. LENGTH OF CELL I5.53; BREADTH I0.23; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 5.I3. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. I87 HAB. - FLOATING MATERIAL AMONG NITELLA SP. AND NYMPHEA SP. IN A LAKE AT THE 'HORTO FLORESTAL' OF RIO CLARO, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 75). THE PRESENT PLANT ONLY IS DIFFERENT FROM THE TYPICAL STAURASTRUM ELLIPTICUM W. WEST IN ITS CONSIDERABLY SMALLER SIZE. IT IS SO MUCH SMALLER THAN THE OTHER DESCRIBED FORMS AND VARIE- TIES THAT I CONSIDER ITS SEPARATION AS A DISTINCT FORMA IS JUS- TIFIED. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW FORMA: STAURASTRUM ELLIPTI- CUM W. WEST F. MINUS. STAURASTRUM FURCATUM (EHR.) BREB. MEM. SOC. SCI. NAT. CHERBOURG [CHERBOURG]. 4: I56. I856. (PL. XVII, FIGS. I8-I9) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR A LITTLE BROADER, DEEP- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACUTE AND OPEN; SEMICELLS SUBELLIPTICAL OR SUBGLOBOSE, DORSAL AND VENTRAL MARGINS ALMOST EQUALLY CONVEx, LATERAL ANGLES TERMINATING IN A SHORT, STOUT, NEARLY HORIZONTAL SPINE, WITH BIFID APICES, THE 2 TEETH LYING IN THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE, DORSAL MARGIN WITH 2 SHORT BIFID PRO- CESSES, WHICH ARE NEARLY ERECT; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, I88 ANGLES SCARCELY PRODUCED, ENDING IN A SPINE, SIDES STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, WITH 2 SHORT BIFID PROCESSES PROJECTING FROM EACH LATERAL MARGIN; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH OR VERY MINUTELY PUNCTATE. LENGTH OF CELL, INCLUDING THE SPINES 22.I3; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 27.23; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.83. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, WITH NUMEROUS SPINES BIFID AT THE A- PEX. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. STAURASTRUM HYSTRIx RALFS VAR. POLYSPINUM BORGES. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. [rkJIBENHAVNJ7. I890: 949, T. 4, FIG. 45. I890. (PL. XVII, FIG. 22) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR VERY SLIGHTLY BROADER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACUTE AND OPEN; SEMI- CELLS ELLIPTIC-OBLONG, DORSAL MARGIN NEARLY STRAIGHT, ANGLESVTRY BLUNTLY ROUNDED, FURNISHED WITH VERY SHORT SPINES; APICAL VIEW OF CELL USUALLY B-ANGULAR, RARELY 4-ANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS COM- I89 CAVE, ANGLES ROUNDED, SPINES CONFINED To THE REGION OF THE AN- GLES; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL, NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES 27.23; BREADTH NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES 25.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.93, ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAO PAU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890). STAURASTRUM MUTICUM BREB. LINNAEA [TBENEVE;7. SER. I, ii: 228. I840. (PL. XVII, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR A LITTLE LONGER, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMI- CELLS USUALLY ELLIPTIC, BUT OFTEN SUBSEMICIRCULAR OR EVEN SUBRE- NIFORM; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR OR 4-ANGULAR, WITH BROADLY ROUNDED ANGLES AND CONCAVE SIDES; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL 25.83; BREADTH I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTH— MUS 8.53. I90 ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, FURNISHED WITH STOUT SPINES WHICHAPE 2-FURCATE AT THE APEX. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAls: LAGOA SANTA (WILLE I884 WARMING I892); MATO GR0880: CORUMBA (BORGE I905), PORTO DO CAMPO, SEPOTUBA (BORGE I905); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). STAURASTRUM OCTANGULARE GRBNBL. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. erELSINGFORSIAEJ7. SER. NOV. B, LL (6): 28, T. I2, FIG. 240. I945. (PL. XVII, FIGS. I6-I7) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRCITED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE ANGLED; SEMICELLS SUBELLIPTICAL, LATERAL ANGLES PRODUCED INTO 2 SHORT, STOUT, BIFID PROCESSES, APICAL MARGIN ALMOST STRAIGHT, WITH AN UPPER SERIES OF SINGLE PROCESSES, SIMILAR OF PERHAPS SLIGHTLY SHORTER THAN THOSE OF THE LOWER SERIES, WHICH PROJECT VERTICALLY ABOVE AND BETWEEN THOSE OF THE LATERAL ANGLES; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 8-ANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS CONCAVE, ANGLES DIVIDED BY A SOMEWHAT DEEP MEDIAN INCI- SION INTO 2 SHORT, STOUT, BIFID PROCESSES, AND A THIRD ONE, SIMI- I9I LAR BUT SINGLE, LOCATED ABOVE AND BETWEEN THE FIRST TWO; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL, INCLUDING THE SPINES 25.5-59.I3; BREADTH INCLUDING THE SPINES 50.6-54.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.9-I5.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN AND SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52, 57). I J BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). STAURASTRUM POLYMORPHUM BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON;7. I55, T. 22, FIG. 9, T. 54, FIG. 6. I848. (PL. XIX, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR UP TO I I/4 TIMES LONG- ER THAN BROAD, INCLUDING THE PROCESSES, SLIGHT BUT CONSPICUOUS- LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMI- CELLS VARIABLE IN FORM, SUBELLIPTICAL, SUBFUSIFORM OR EVEN SUB- CUNEATE, VENTRAL MARGIN USUALLY MORE STRONGLY CONVEX THAN THE DORSAL, ANGLES ATTANUATING To FORM SHORT STOUT PROCESSES, HORI- ZONTAL OR VERY SLIGHTLY INCURVED, TIPPED WITH 5-5 MINUTE SPINES I92 AND PROVIDED WITH 5 OR 4 SERIES OF MINUTE DENTICULATIONS; APICAL VIEW OF CELL USUALLY 5-6 (-&)-ANGULAR, THE 2 SEMICELLS OF THE SAME INDIVIDUAL OFTEN DIFFERING IN THE NUMBER OF PROCESSES, LA- TERAL MARGINS VERY SLIGHTLY CONCAVE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, GRAN- ULATE AT THE BASE OF THE PROCESSES, CENTRE OF APEX SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL 27.23; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE PROCESSES 28.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.53. ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL OR SOMEWHAT ANGULAR, WITH STOUTPRO- CESSES USUALLY BRANCHED AT THE APEX. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: MINAS GERAls: LA- GOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WARMING I892). STAURASTRUM POLYMORPHUM BREB. VAR. NOV. (PL. XIX, FIGS. 2-5) CELLS SMALLER THAN THE TYPE; SEMICELLS WITH ONE RING OF MINUTE DENTICULATIONS JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS AND ANOTHER ONE AT THE APEX, 5 VERY SHORT STOUT PROCESSES, HORIZONTALLY DISPOSEQ TIPPED WITH 5 MINUTE SPINES AND PROVIDED WITH ONLY ONE SERIES OF I95 DENTICULATIONS. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE PROCESSES 20.43; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.8U. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). THIS VARIETY CAN BE DISTINGUISHED, AT ONCE, BY HAVING A RING OF MINUTE DENTICULATIONS JUST ABOVE THE ISTHMUS IN EACH SEMICELL AND ANOTHER ONE AT THE APEX, AND THE ANGLES OF THESEMI- CELLS TERMINATING IN SHORT, HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED PROCESSES. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: STAURASTRUM POLY- MORPHUM BREB. VAR. ITIRAPINENSIS. STAURASTRUM SP. NOV. (PL. XVII, FIG. 8) CELLS ABOUT I I/5 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, DEEPLY CON- STRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS NARROWLY LINEAR AND SLIGHTLY DI- LATED AT THE APEX; SEMICELLS TRAPEzOID, LATERAL MARGINS SLIGHTUY RETUSE, APICAL MARGIN STRAIGHT TO VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX; APICAL I94 VIEW OF CELL 5- OR 4-ANGULAR, SIDES SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, WITH BROAD- LY ROUNDED ANGLES; CELL WALL COLORLESS, VERY COARSELY GRANULATE. LENGTH OF CELL 55.73; BREADTH 25.53; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I5.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED To THE MARGINS OFAI CLEAN FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22I AND 222 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 66). I HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO FIND ANY OTHER SPECIES TO WHICH THIS PLANT COULD BE REFERRED. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW SPECIE8: STAURASTRUM PRES- COTTII. THIS PLANT WILL BE NAMED IN HONOR TO DR. GERALD WEBBER PRESCOTT, PROFESSOR OF BOTANY AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY,EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN, UNDER WHOSE GUIDANCE THIS STUDY WAS DONE. STAURASTRUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [TLONDON;7. I55, T. 22, FIG. I. I848. (PL. XVII, FIG. 4) CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS ACUTE AND OPEN; SEMICELLS SUBELLIPTIC TO SUB- RHOMBOIDAL-ELLIPTIC, DORSAL AND VENTRAL MARGINS ABOUT EQUALLY I95 CONVEX, ANGLES SOMEWHAT ACUTELY ROUNDED; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5- ANGULAR, RARELY 4-ANGULAR AND VERY RARELY 5-ANGULAR, SIDESSLIGHT- LY RETUSE, ANGLES ACUTELY ROUNDED, THE ONES OF ONE SEMICELLOFTEN PARTIALLY OR ENTIRELY ALTERNATING WITH THOSE OF THE OTHER; CELL WALL COLORLESS, UNIFORMLY GRANULATE, GRANULES IN REGULAR SERIES AROUND THE ANGLES. LENGTH OF CELL 25.8-27.23; BREADTH I7.0-22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 6.8-9.43. ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE, FURNISHED WITH RATHER STOUT SPINES, WHICH ARE DOUBLY FURCATE AT THE APEX AND ARISING FROM A BROADLY MAMILLATE BASE. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA’, CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 55); INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP. FLOATING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 45). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULD: PI- RASSUNUNGA (BORGE I9I8); RIO BRANCO: SERRA DA LUA (FBRSTER I965);_ RIO DE JANEIRO: RIO D'OURO (WILLE I884); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). I96 STAURASTRUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. VAR. SUBDILATATUM FBRST. REVUE ALGOL. ZTPARIS37, SER. NOV., 1 (I): 86, T. 6, FIG. 9, T.9, FIG. I9. I965. (PL. XVII, FIGS. 5-7) SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT TRAPEZOIDAL, DORSAL MARGIN SLIGHTLY CONVEX, ANGLES ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS VERY SLIGHTLY CONCAVE; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, SIDES SLIGHTLY RETUSE, ANGLES A- CUTELY—ROUNDED; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH JUST ABOVE THE ISTH— MUS. LENGTH OF CELL 20.4-22.I3; BREADTH |7.0-I9.63; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN THE OVERFLOW CHANNEL OF A DAMP AT 'FAZENDA GERIZA', CAETE, MINAS GERAIS (C.E.M.B. 5|). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: RIO BRANCO: SER- RA DO MAR (FBRSTER I965). THE PLANTS COLLECTED BY FBRSTER (I965) FROM 'SERRA DA LUA', RIO BRANCO, ARE A LITTLE GREATER THAN THE PRESENT MATER- IAL FROM CAETE, MINAS GERAIS. STAURASTRUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. VAR. SUBDILATATUM FBRST. DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL VARIETY IN ITS NEARLY TRAPEZOIDAL OUT- I97 LINE OF THE CELLS. IT CAN ALSO BE DISTINGUISHED FROM STAURAS- TRUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. VAR. SUBPRODUCTUM WEST & WEST, ITS CLOSE- LY ALLIED, IN HAVING THE DORSAL MARGIN OF ITS SEMICELLS NOT SO CONVEX AND THE LATERAL MARGINS OF THE APICAL VIEW SLIGHTLY RE- TUSE. STAURASTRUM QUADRANGULARE BREB. RALFS BRIT. DESM. [LONDON]. I28, T. 22, FIG. 7, T. 54, FIG. II. I848. (PL. XVII, FIGS. II-I2) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, FAIRLY DEEP CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMICELLS SOMEWHAT SUBRECTANGULAR, DORSAL MARGIN STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONVEX, LATER- AL MARGINS STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY CONCAVE, ANGLES PROVIDED TYPICAL- LY WITH 4 SPINES EACH, ONE PAIR TOWARD THE APEX AND ANOTHER AT THE BASE, SPINES CONICAL AND DIVERGING, AT TIMES ONE OR OTHER OF THEM DUPLICATED OR WANTING; APICAL VIEW OF CELL USUALLY 4-ANGUL— AR, RARELY 5- OR 5-ANGULAR, SIDES STRAIGHT OR SLIGHTLY RETUSE, ANGLES BROAD AND NORMALLY BEARING 2 BUPERIMPOSED PAIRS OF SPINES; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH. LENGTH OF CELL I8.73; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 8.53. I98 ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPAU- LO—BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52); PLANKTON- IC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THE GREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAOPMU- LO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO: CAMPI- NAS (BORGE I9I8); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CACHOEIRA (BORGE I905). STAURASTRUM QUADRANGULARE BREB. VAR. LONGISPINUM BORGES. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. zrkJIBENHAVNJ7. I820: 954, T. 5, FIG. 55. I890. (PL. XVII, FIG. I5) ANGLES OF SEMICELLS PROVIDED WITH 5 LONG AND DELICATE SPINES EACH, USUALLY ONE PAIR To THE APEX AND A SINGLE ONE AT THE BASE; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, SIDES STRAIGHT ORALMOST SO, ANGLES FURNISHED WITH 5 SPINES, 2 OF THEM IN AN UPPER LEVEL AND THE THIRD ONE BELLOW AND BETWEEN THE FIRST TWO. LENGTH OF CELL, NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES 20.43; BREADTH NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES I7.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I0.2U. I99 ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA, SAO PAULO (BORGE I9I8); MATO GROSSO: PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925). THIS VARIETY IS WELL-CHARACTERIZED BY ITS MUCH LONGER AND DELICATE SPINES AT THE ANGLES OF THE SEMICELLS. STAURASTRUM QUADRANGULARE BREB. VAR. NOV. (PL. XVII, FIGS. I4-I5) SEMICELLS NEARLY RECTANGULAR, DORSAL MARGIN MODERATELY CONVEX, LATERAL MARGINS STRAIGHT AND PARALLEL, UPPER ANGLES PRO- VIDEO WITH ONE PAIR OF SHORT STOUT SPINES, LOWER ANGLES WITH A SINGLE SPINE, SPINES DIVERGING AND WITH A RATHER MAMILLATE BASE. LENGTH OF CELL I8.7-I9.63; BREADTH, NOT INCLUDING THE SPINES I7.0-I8.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN 200 HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). THIS NEW VARIETY IS NEARLY ALLIED TO STAURASTRUM QUA- DRANGULARE BREB. VAR. CONTECTUM (TURN.) GRBNBL., BUT NEED NEVER BE CONFUSED WITH THAT VARIETY, DIFFERING IN THE NUMBER, ARRANGE- MENT AND SHAPE OF ITS SPINES. SUGGESTED NAME FOR THE NEW VARIETY: STAURASTRUM QUA- DRANGULARE BREB. VAR. SANPAULENSIS. STAURASTRUM ROTULA NORDST. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. [TkJIBENHAVNJ7. I869 (I4-I5): 227, T. 4, FIG. 58. I870. (PL. XVIII, FIG. 4) CELLS ABOUT I I/4 - I I/5 TIMES BROADER THAN LONG, IN- CLUDING THE PROCESSES, MODERATELY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SI- NUS USUALLY ACUTE-ANGLED AND WIDELY OPEN; SEMICELLS NEARLY 6-AN- GULAR, UPPER ANGLES PRODUCED TO FORM LONG BLENDER PROCESSES, U- SUALLY PARALLEL, SOMETIMES SLIGHTLY INCURVED, GRADUALLY TAPPER- ING FROM BASE T0 APEX, WITH 2-4 SERIES OF DENTICULATIONS, TIPPED WITH 5 OR 4 MINUTE SPINES; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 7-9-RADIATE, PRO- CESSES LONG, WITH DENTICULATIONS SOMEWHAT STRONGER TOWARD THE 20I BASE OF THE PROCESS, APEX OF SEMICELL WITH A LARGE CONICAL NO- DULE NEAR THE BASE OF EACH PROCESS; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH OR SOMETIMES WITH THE APEX MINUTELY PUNCTATE. LENGTH OF CELL 45.93; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE PROCESSES 59.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I0.23. ZYGOSPORE, ACCORDING TO WHELDEN (I945), SPHERICAL AND ADORNED WITH MANY STRAIGHT AND/OR SLIGHTLY CURVED SPINES, WHICH ARE USUALLY SIMPLE OR SOMETIMES TIPPED WITH 2 OR RARELY 5 CURVED TEETH. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE BAD PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BERGE- SEN I890): PIRASSUNUNGA, RIO CLARO, SAO CARLOS (BORGE I9I8), SAD PAULO (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I885, BORGE I9I8), SERRA DA BO- CAINA (BORGE I9I8); MINAS GERAIS: CAPIVARI (NORDSTEDT I877), LAGOA SANTA (NORDSTEDT I870, WILLE I884, WARMING I892); GDIAS: CONCEICAO (FBRSTER I964); MATO GRosso: PORTO DO CAMPO (BORGE I925); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNSLAD I945). STAURASTRUM TOHOPEKALIGENSE WOLLE F. MINUS (TURN.) SCOTT & PRESG HYDROBIOL. [TDEN HAAG37. ll (I-2): II4, T. 48, FIGS. 4-6. I96I. 202 (PL. XVII, FIG. 25) CELLS ABOUT I I/2 TIMES AS LONG AS BROAD, WITHOU THE PROCESSES, MODERATELY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE OR NEARLY RECTANGULAR; SEMICELLS BROADLY OVAL OR SUBGLO- BOSE, LATERAL ANGLES PRODUCED TO FORM SOMEWHAT LONG BLENDER PROCESSES USUALLY WITH 2-FURCATE SPREADING APICES, OFTEN WITH 2 OTHER SIMILAR PROCESSES BETWEEN EACH PAIR OF ANGULAR PROCESSES, WITH A FURTHER DORSAL SERIES OF PROCESSES, 2 OF WHICH PROJECT BETWEEN EACH PAIR OF CONSECUTIVE ANGLES; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5- ANGULAR, SIDES STRAIGHT OR VERY SLIGHTLY CONVEX, ANGLES PRODUCED INTO BLENDER PROCESSES, WITH A PAIR OF DORSAL PROCESSES PROJECT— ING FROM EACH LATERAL MARGIN, AND FREQUENTLY WITH A PAIR OF PRO- CESSES ALSO ON THE SAME PLANE AS THE ANGULAR PROCESSES, BENEATH THE DORSAL SERIES; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS. LENGTH OF CELL, NOT INCLUDING THE PROCESSES 28.93; BREADTH, NOT INCLUDING THE PROCESSES I8.73; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I5.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. 205 STAURASTRUM TRIFIDUM NORDST. VAR. GLABRUM LAGERH. F. TORTUM BBRGES. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. zrkdlaENHAVNJ7. I890: 954: T- 5: FIG- 56. I890. FT- (PL. XVII, FIGS. 20-2I) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, WITH THE SPINES, DEEPLY ...“? T‘FflIVII CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMI- if CELLS ELLIPTICAL TO SUBTRIANGULAR, DORSAL AND VENTRAL MARGINS A- BOUT EQUALLY CONVEX, ANGLES PROVIDED WITH 5 SPINES USUALLYDIRECT- ED TO THE OTHER SEMICELL, 2 OF THEM IN AN UPPER LEVEL AND THE THIRD ONE BENEATH AND BETWEEN THE OTHER TWO; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR, SIDES USUALLY CONCAVE NEAR ONE ANGLE AND SLIGHTLY CONVEX NEAR THE OTHER, ANGLES BROAD, SLIGHTLY INCURVED, FURNISH- ED WITH 5 SPINES, 2 OF THEM IN AN UPPER ANGLE AND SOMEWHAT WIDEUY SEPARATED BY A DEEP CONCAVE INCISION, THE THIRD SPINE BENEAHIANO BETWEEN THE 2 FIRST ONES; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS. LENGTH OF CELL 50.63; BREADTH, INCLUDING THE SPINES 52.53; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS I5.63. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN AN ARTIFICIAL POND BEHIND THEGREEN ~ ~ HOUSES, AT THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 92). 204 BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890); MATO GRosso: CORUMBA (BORGE I905). STAURASTRUM TURGESCENS DE NOT. DESM. ITAL. [rGENOVA;7. 5|, T. 4, FIG. 45. I867. (PL. XVII, FIG. 5) CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS OPEN AND ACUTE-ANGLED; SEMICELLS ELLIPTICAL; APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5-ANGULAR OR VERY RARELY 4-ANGULAR, SIDES CONCAVE, ANGLES BROADLY ROUNDED; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND VERY FINELY AND IRREGULARLY PUNCTATE. LENGTH OF CELL 28.93; BREADTH 25.83; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE COMPRESSED AND SMOOTH; IN THE BROAD VIEW CIR- CULAR AND WITH 9-I2 MARGINAL UNDULATIONS; IN THE NARROW VIEW O- BLONG-ELLIPTIC. HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM AND MARGINS OF A VERY CLEAN AND FAST CREEK BETWEEN KM. 22| AND 222 cu THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 59). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NEW TO BRAZIL. STAURASTRUM TURGESCENS DE NOT. IS PROBABLY MOST NEARLY 205 RELATED TO STAURASTRUM ALTERNANS BREB. AND STAURASTRUM PUNCTULA- TUM BREB.. IT DIFFERS, HOWEVER, FROM BOTH SPECIES IN HAVING NEARLY PERFECTLY ELLIPTICAL SEMICELLS AND IN THE COMPRESSED SHAPE OF ITS ZYGOSPORES. COSMOCLADIUM DE BREBISSON, I856. COSMOCLADIUM PUSILLUM HILSE JBER. SCHLES. GES. VATERL. KULT. [TERESLAQJ7. I865: II7. I866. (PL. XIX, FIGS. 5-7) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD OR UP TO I I/2 TIMES LONG- ER THAN BROAD, DEEPLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR; SEMICELLS OBLONG-ELLIPTIC OR SOMEWHAT TRAPEZIFORM, BASAL ANGLES SUBRECTANGULAR AND ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS CONVEX, APICAL MAR- GIN SOMEWHAT FLATTENED OR BROADLY TRUNCATE; LATERAL VIEW OFSEMI- CELL SUBCIRCULAR; APICAL VIEW ELLIPTIC; CELL WALL SMOOTH,COLOR- LESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID. COLONIES FREE-FLOATING, USUALLY SMALL, VERY SELDOM WITH MORE THAN 4 CELLS, RARELY OR NEVER BRANCHED; CELLS USUALLY WITHTHEIR BROAD SURFACE PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTION OF THE CONNECTING GELATINOUS THREADS; MUCILAGINOUS ENVELOPE, WHEN PRESENT, VERY THIN AND SCARCELY VISIBLE. 206 LENGTH OF CELL 8.6-I2.43; BREADTH 5.0-8.63; BREADTHOF ISTHMUS I.8-5.03; THICKNESS OF CELL 4.0-4.53. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: THIS IS THE FIRST RECORD FOR THE GENUS TO BRAZIL. SPONDYLOSIUM DE BREBISSON, I844. SPONDYLOSIUM DESMIOIIFORME (BORGE) G. S. WEST J. BOT., LOND. [TLONDOMJ7. fig: 286, PL. 464, FIGS. II, I2 (I51), I904. (PL. XIX, FIG. 8) CELLS ABOUT 5 OR 4 TIMES LONGER THAN BROAD, SLIGHT BUT CONSPICUOUSLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS SUBRECTANGULAR; SEMICELLS ELONGATE-ELLIPTICAL, APICAL MARGINS BROAD AND TRUNCATE, ADJOINED IN ALMOST THE FULL EXTENSION OF THEIR APICES TO FORM LONG FILAMENTOUS COLONIES; LATERAL VIEW OF CELLS SUBQUADRAN- GULAR; APICAL VIEW OF CELL NEARLY ELLIPTICAL, WITH A SOMEWHAT ROUNDED MAMILLA-LIKE PROTUBERANCE AT EACH POLE; CELL WALL COLOR- 207 LESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE; FILAMENTS TWISTED, EN- CLOSED IN A GELATINOUS SHEATH. LENGTH OF CELL I0.2-II.03; BREADTH 25.5-28.93; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 20.43. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH A FLOATING MASS OF SPIROGYRA SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAU- LO (C.E.M.B. 48); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE BAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: BAHIA: LENCOES ORANGE, MINAS DE CONTAS (FORSTER I964); PARA: NEAR QUATIPURU (SIOLI I960); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: CRUZ ALTA (BORGE I905). HYALOTHECA EHRENBER, I840 HYALOTHECA INOICA TURN. K. SV. VET.-AKAO. HANDL. [TTMNDLINGAR;7.‘25 (5): I52, T. 22, FIG. I7. I895. (PL. XIX, FIG. II) 208 CELLS A LITTLE LONGER THAN BROAD, SOMEWHAT BARREL- SHAPED WITH A SLIGHT AND SOMETIMES ACUTE MEDIAN CONSTRICTION, APICAL MARGINS BROAD AND TRUNCATE; APICAL VIEW OF CELL CIRCUL- AR; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, EACH WITH A CENTRAL PYRENOID; FILAMENTS ENCLOSED IN A GELATINOUS SHEATH. LENGTH OF CELL I7.0-I8.73; BREADTH I5.63; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS II.93. ZYGOSPORE UNKNOWN. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46); IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAD PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, I- TIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: GDIAS: FORMOSO (PRESCOTT I957). THIS SPECIES RESEMBLES HYALOTHECA DISSILIENS (SMITH) BREB. VAR. HIANS WOLLE, BUT IT IS DISTINGUISHED BY ITS RELATIVE- LY BROADER APICES OF THE CELLS, THE FILAMENTS NOT BEING SO CONS- PICUOUSLY EXCAVATED AT THE JOINTS. HYALOTHECA INDICA TURN.COULD ALSO BE CONFUSED WITH HYALOTHECA DISSILIENS (SMITH) BREB. VAR. TATRICA RAC., FROM WHICH IT IS DISTINCT BY THE SMALLER SIZE OF 209 ITS CELLS, AND BY THE DIFFERENT FORM OF ITS MEDIAN CONSTRICTION. DESMIDIUM C. A. AGARDH, I824 DESMIDIUM BAILEYI (RALFS) NORDST. ACTA UNIV. LUND. [TLUNDJ7..L6: 4. I880. (PL. XX, FIG. 5) CELLS ABOUT AS LONG AS BROAD, CONSTRICTION WHEN PRESENT REDUCED TO A FAINT UNDULATION; SEMICELLS RECTANGULAR OR ALMOST SO, LATERAL MARGINS PARALLEL OR VERY SLIGHTLY RETUSE, APEX WITH A BROAD DEEP SEMIELLIPTIC DEPRESSION THAT GIVES THE APPEARANCE OF SHORT ERECT PROJECTIONS AT EITHER LATERAL MARGIN; SPACES BE- TWEEN THE CELLS OF CONSIDERABLE SIZE, ELLIPTIC TO SUBRECTANGULAM APICAL VIEW OF CELL 5- OR 4-ANGULAR WITH SLIGHTLY CONVEX MARGINS AND ROUNDED ANGLES; CELL WALL SMOOTH, COLORLESS; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, 5- OR 4-LOBED, EACH LOSE WITH A PYRENOID; FILAMENTS STRAIGHT AND NOT INCLOSED IN A GELATINOUS SHEATH. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH 22.I3.4 ZYGOSPORE SPHERICAL AND SMOOTH. HAB. "' PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRAN- CE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95). 2IO BRAzILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): SAD PAULO (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I885); PARA: SANTA- REM (GRDNBLAD I945). DESMIDIUM CYLINDRICUM GREY. SCOT. CRYPT. FL. [TEDINBURGH;7.‘2: 295. I827. (PL. XX, FIG. I) CELLS ABOUT 2 - 2 4/5 TIMES BROADER THAN LONG, SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS LINEAR; SEMICELLS VERY SHORT, PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCATE, BASAL ANGLES ACUTELY-ROUNDED, LATERAL MAR- GINS GENTLY 2-UNDULATE, APICAL MARGIN BROAD AND TRUNCATE; API- CAL VIEW OF SEMICELL ELLIPTIC WITH A SOMEWHAT ROUNDED MAMILLA-Lh- KE PROTUBERANCE AT EACH POLE; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, USUALLY WITH 4-8 MASSIVE RADIATING LOBES, IN EACH OF WHICH IS A PYRENOID; FILAMENTS TWISTED, USUALLY INCLOSED IN A GELATINOUS SHEATH AND WITH A THICKENED PROTRUDING RIM BE- TWEEN EACH PAIR OF CELLS. LENGTH OF CELL I8.7-27.23; BREADTH 54.4-78.03; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 49.5-60.03. ZYGOSPORE LARGE AND SMOOTH, GLOBOSE OR SUBGLOBOSE, FORM- ED AFTER THE DISSOCIATION OF THE FILAMENT INTO INDIVIDUAL CELLS, AND USUALLY CONTAINED IN ONE OF THE CONJUGATING CELLS, THE OTHER 2II REMAINING ATTACHED. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FLOATING FILAMENTS OF SPIRO- 3333 SP. AND ZYGNEMA SP. IN A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAO PAULO (C.E.M.B. 48); PLANKTONIC IN SOME PERMANENT POOLS AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE SAO PAULO BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 95); IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEIROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: CAM- PINAS (BORGE I9I8),_ ITAPURA (LEMMERMANN I9I5), LEME (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880), SAO PAULO (BORGE I9I8, BICUDO & BICUDO I962); GOIAs: NEAR PEIXE (PRESCOTT I957); MATO GRossoz BAN- DEIRA (BORGE I905), CORUMBA (BORGE I925), CUIABA (BORGE I905), SAD LUIS DE CACERES (BORGE I925); RIO GRANDE DO SUL (KLEEREKO- PER I955): CACHOEIRA, CRUZ ALTA, PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). ONE OF THE MOST PECULIAR AND IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT 25E- MIDIUM CYLINDRICUM GREV. IS THAT ITS ZYGOSPORE IS FORMED WITHIN ONE OF THE CONJUGATING CELLS. THIS IS THE ONLY KNOWN DESMID IN WHICH THE REPRODUCTION IS NORMALLY OF SUCH A HIGH TYPE THAT THE CONJUGATING CELLS CAN BE DEFINITELY RECOGNIZED AS MALE AND FEMAUE GAMETANGIA, ALTHOUGH THE SAME CONDITION IS KNOWN TO OCCUR OCCA- SIONALLY AS AN ABNORMALITY IN HYALOTHECA DISSILIENS (SMITH) BREB. 2I2 DESMIDIUM GRACILICEPS (NORDST.) LAHERH. OFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FORH. [TBTOCKHOLMJ7. fig (7): 228, T. 27, FIG. 5. I886. (PL. XIX, FIG. I2) CELLS ABOUT As LONG AS BROAD, SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS SHALLOW AND LINEAR; SEMICELLS SHORTLY PYRAMI- DATE-TRUNCATE, BASAL ANGLES SUBRECTANGULAR, LATERAL MARGINS 2- UNDULATE, APICAL MARGIN TRUNCATE; APICAL VIEW OF CELL ELLIPTIC, WITH A ROUNDED MAMILLARY PROTUBERANCE AT EACH POLE; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, 6-8-LOBED, WITH A SINGLE CENTRAL PYRENOID; FILAMENTS TWISTED, USUALLY NOT INCLOSE) IN A GELATINOUS SHEATH, WITH A THICKENED PROTRUDING RIM BETWEEN EACH PAIR OF CELLS. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH 22.I3; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I9.03. ZYGOSPORE SUBRECTANGULAR, PROVIDED WITH A NUMBER OFSHORT STOUT NODULES AT THE 2 OPPOSITE ENDS ONLY, SMOOTH IN THE MIDDLE PART . HAB. - IN GELATINOUS MASSES ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ON THE SAOPMU- LO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 52). 2I5 BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAO PAULO (BORGE- SEN I890): BELEM, PIRASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (BORGE I9I8); BAHIA: LENCDES ORANGE, MINAS DE CONTAS (FBRSTER I964); MATO GROSSO: COXIPO (BORGE I905), NEAR THE XINGU RIVER HEADWATERS (SCHMIDLE I90I); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: PORTO ALEGRE (BORGE I905). DESMIDIUM QUADRATUM NORDST. ACTA UNIV. LUND. [LUND]. 9: 49, T. I, FIG. 24. I875. (PL. XX, FIG. 2) CELLS ABOUT I I/4 - I 2/5 TIMES BROADER THAN LONG, SLIGHTLY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS SHALLOW AND LINEAR; SE- MICELLS SHORT, PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCATE, BASAL ANGLES ACUTELY-ROUND- ED, LATERAL MARGINS SOMEWHAT 2-UNDULATE, APICAL MARGIN RATHER BROAD AND TRUNCATE; APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL SUBCIRCULAR, WITH 2 OPPOSITE MAMILLAE; CELL WALL COLORLESS, SMOOTH OR SOMETIMES WIDI A SINGLE ROW OF GRANULES AT A CERTAIN DISTANCE FROM THE APEX OF EACH SEMICELL; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH A CENTRAL PYRENOID AND 6 OR 7 RADIATING PLATES; FILAMENTS TWISTED, SOMETIMES ENCLOSED IN A GELATINOUS SHEATH. LENGTH OF CELL 54.03; BREADTH 47.63; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 40.83. 2I4 ZYGOSPORE GLOBOSE OR SUBGLOBOSE, WITH A THICK SMOOTH WALL. HAB. - IN TEMPORARY POOLS AT THE MARGINS OF THE PINHEI- ROS RIVER, SAO PAULO (SP 744I). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). THE PRESENT PLANTS ARE GREATER THAN THE USUAL LIMITS GIVEN FOR THIS SPECIES. HOWEVER, GRONBLAD (I945) REPORTS SPECI- MENS FROM 'FAZENDA TAPERINHA', PARA, WHICH ARE VERY CLOSE TO THOSE FROM THE STATE OF SAD PAULO IN WHAT MEASUREMENTS ARE CON- CERNEO. DESMIDIUM SWARTZII C. A. AGARDH VAR. QUADRANGULATUM (RALFS) ROY ANN. SCOT. NAT. HIST. [TEDINBURGHJ7.‘2: 9. I894. (PL. XX, FIG. 4) CELLS ABOUT 2 I/2 - 4 TIMES BROADER THAN LONGER,SLIGHT— LY CONSTRICTED IN THE MIDDLE, SINUS SHALLOW AND LINEAR; SEMI- CELLS SOMEWHAT PYRAMIDATE-TRUNCATE, BASAL ANGLES SUBRECTANGULAR AND ROUNDED, LATERAL MARGINS 2-UNDULATE, APICAL MARGIN BROAD AND TRUNCATE; APICAL VIEW OF CELL QUADRANGULAR, WITH SOMEWHAT RETUSE MARGINS AND ROUNDED ANGLES; CELL WALL COLORLESS AND SMOOTH; 2I5 CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, 4-LOBED, EACH LOBE WITH A PYRENOID;FILAMENTS TWISTED, USUALLY DESTITUTE OF A CONSPICUOUS GELATINOUS SHEATH. LENGTH OF CELL I8.73; BREADTH 74.83; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS 56.I3. ZYGOSPORE ELLIPTIC, INNER LAYER OF WALL TAWNY. HAB. - NEAR THE CITY OF PIRASSUNUNGA, AT LAGEADO, SAD PAULO - THE EXACT PLACE NOT SPECIFIED (SP 7452). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945); RIO DE JANEIRO (BORGE I899). THIS VARIETY DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL IN ITS QUADRANGU- LAR APICAL VIEW OF THE CELLS, AND ITS RELATIVELY GREATER BREADTH IN FRONT VIEW. BAMBUSINA KBTZING, I845. BAMBUSINA BREBISSONII (RALFS) CLEVE DFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FBRH. [STOCKHOLMJ. I865 (I0): 496. I864. (PL. XIX, FIG. 9) FILAMENTS TWISTING, FORMED OR SOMEWHAT BARREL-SHAPED CELLS; SEMICELLS WITH A SMALL BASAL SWELLING, LATERAL MARGINS SLIGHTLY CONCAVE EXCEPT FOR THE BROAD RIM AT THE BASE, AND A 2I6 SLIGHTLY MEDIAN CONSTRICTION; APEX BROAD AND TRUNCATE; CELL WALL WITH A VERY DELICATE LONGITUDINAL STRIATION AT THE BASE OF SEMICELLS; APICAL VIEW CIRCULAR, WITH 2 OPPOSITE MAMILLAE; CHLOROPLASTS AXILE, WITH 6 RADIATING LAMELLAE AND A SINGLE CEN- TRAL’PYRENOID. LENGTH OF CELL 50.6-57.53; BREADTH 22.I-22.83; BREADTH OF ISTHMUS 20.ZB. ZYGOSPORE OVAL AND SMOOTH. HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF OEDOGONIUM SP., BULSOCHAETE SP. AND SPIROGYRA SP. FLOATING ON A CREEK NEAR PI- RASSUNUNGA, SAD PAULO (SP 7447). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: BAHIA: LENCDES 0- RANGE, MINAS DE CONTAS (FORSTER I964);~ GDIAS: NEAR PEIXE (PRES— COTT I957); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). BAMBUSINA BREBISSONII (RALFS) CLEVE ‘VAR. GRACILESCENS NORDST. WITTRO. & NORDST. ALG. EXSIC. [TLUNDAE;7. é: NO. 567. I880. (PL. XIX, rue. I0) DIFFERS FROM THE TYPICAL FORM ONLY IN THE RELATIVELY SMALLER BREADTH OF THE CELLS. LENGTH OF CELL 22.I3; BREADTH l5.53; BREADTH OF ISTH- MUS I5.63. 2I7 ZYGOSPORE SUBQUADRATE (RECTANGULAR) IN OUTLINE AND WITH ROUNDED ANGLES . HAB. - INTERMINGLED WITH FILAMENTS OF ZYGNEMA SP.FLOAT- ING ON A CLEAN SLOW-FLOWING STREAM BETWEEN KM. 2I6 AND 2I7 ONTHE SAO PAULO-BROTAS ROAD, ITIRAPINA, SAD PAULO (C.E.M.B. 46). BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SAD PAULO: PI- RASSUNUNGA (WITTROCK & NORDSTEDT I880); MINAS GERAIS: CALDAS (WILLE I884); PARA: SANTAREM (GRBNBLAD I945). S U M M A R Y THE PRESENT THESIS IS A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGEOF THE DESMIDS (CHLOROPHYCEAE) OF THE STATE OF SAD PAULO, BRAZIL, INCLUDING A FEW FROM 2 LOCALITIES IN THE NEIGHBOUR STATE OF MI- NAS GERAIS. THE STUDY OF THESE FRESH-WATER ALGAE HAS BEEN NEGLECTED BY THE BRAZILIAN BOTANISTS. BORGE, IN I9I8, MADE THE ONLY MORE EXTENSIVE STUDY ON THE DESMIDS OF THE STATE OF SAO PAULO, WHILE SEVERAL OTHER PERSONS HAVE REPORTED SPECIES FROM THIS AREA. NO OTHER FORMAL STUDY, HOWEVER, HAS EVER BEEN MADE ON THE TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THIS GROUP OF ALGAE OF THE AREA COVERED BY THIS INVESTIGATION. THE CHIEF OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY HAVE BEEN, THEN, THE COLLECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE DESMIDS OF 2I8 2|9 THE STATE OF SAD PAULO. IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF THIS STU- DY, REPRESENTATIVE ALGAL SAMPLES WERE PERSONALLY COLLECTED FROM VARIOUS CITES IN THE STATE OF SAO PAULO, AND INCLUDED SOME MR. I- t VANY FERRAZ MARQUES VALID HAS COLLECTED DURING HIS EXCURSIONS To THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. THE SAMPLES WERE CAREFULLY SCRUTINIZED IN THE LABORATO- 'I RY AND EACH SPECIES, VARIETY OR FORMA OF DESMID OBSERVED WAS RE- CORDED. FROM THE 50 COLLECTIONS AT MY DISPOSAL I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO RECORD 95 SPECIES, 66 VARIETIES, AND I6 NAMED FORMAE, A TOTAL OF I77 TAXA OF WHICH 20, OR APPROXIMATELY II.5 PER CENT, I HAVE CONSIDERED AS NEW RD SCIENCE. FOR EACH MATERIAL A DESCRIPTION, THE MOST COMPLETE POS- SIBLE, THE NECESSARY MEASUREMENTS FOR IDENTIFICATIONAL PURPOSES, AND THE RESPECTIVE BRAZILIAN GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IS GIVEN. I8 PLATES OF SELECTED DRAWINGS MADE BY USE OF THE CAMERA LUCIDA AND 2 MAPS SUPPLEMENT THE WRITTEN TEXT. AFTER PRESENTING A LIST OF THE PLANTS I HAVE RECORDED FROM THE AREA, SOME INTERESTING BIOGEOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS CAN BE MADE: I) A PREVALENCE OF SPECIES OF COSMARIUM AND CLOSTERIUM OVER THE OTHER GENERA; 2) AN EXTREMELY HIGH NUMBER OF THE MOST COMMON COSMOPOLITAN FORMS; 5) THE PRESENCE OF A TROPICAL AMERIC- AN ENDEMIC GROUP RELATIVELY DISCRETE; 4) THE RELATIVE ABSENCE 220 OF THE GREATER FORMS OF MICRASTERIAS AND EUASTRUM, AND OF THE FILAMENTOUS FORMS; 5) THE EXISTENCE OF A PANTROPICAL RESIDUAL GROUP WHICH IS SOMEWHAT MUCH REDUCED. THE DESMID FLORA OF THE REGION I HAVE STUDIED HAS MANY INTERESTING SIMILARITIES WITH THE DESMID FLORA OF THE REGION KRIEGER CALLED INDO-MALAYAN-NORTH—AUSTRALIAN. ABOUT 27 PER CENT OF THE TOTAL TAXA PRESENTLY LISTED FOR THE STATE OF SAD PAULO AND THE 2 LOCALITIES IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, ARE ALSO KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE INDO-MALAYAN-NORTH AUSTRALIAN AREA. '§333- RASTRUM TOHOPEKALIGENSE WOLLE F. MINUS (TURN.) SCOTT & PRESC. IS AN ORIENTAL AND BRAZILIAN FORMA; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PLEURO- TAENIUM OVATUM NORDST.. R E S U M O A PRESENTE TESE E UMA CONTRIBUICAO AD CONHECIMENTO DAS OESMFDIAS (CHLOROPHYCEAE) DO EBTADO DE SAD PAULO, BRASIL, IN- CLUINDO-SE ALGUMAS POUCAS COLETADAS EM 2 LOCALIDADES NO ESTADO VIzINHO DE MINAS GERAIS. 0 ESTUDO DESSAS ALGAS DE AGUA DOCE, NO BRASIL, ESTA PRATICAMENTE POR BER FEITO. BORGE, EM I9I8, PUBLICOU O UNICO TRABALHO MAIS INTENSIVO SOBRE AS DESMIDIAS Do ESTADO DE SAO PAU- LO, APESAR DE YARIOS OUTROS AUTORES HAVEREM MENCIONADO GENEROS, ESPECIES, VARIEDADES E MESMO FORMAS PARA ESSA AREA, TANTO EM DA- TAS ANTERIORES COMO POSTERIORES AQUELA MENCIONADA. POREM, NE- NHUM OUTRO ESTUDO MAIS SISTEMATIZADO FOI FEITO SOBRE A TAXONOMIA E DISTRIBUICAO DESSE GRUPO DE ALGAS PARA A AREA COBERTA NESTE TRABALHO. ASSIM, OS PRINCIPAIS OBJETIVOS DESTE ESTUDO SAD A CD- 22I 222 LETA E A IDENTIFICACAO DAS DESMFDIAS DO ESTADO DE SAD PAULO. DE MODO A SATISFAZER OS OBJETIVOS DESTE ESTUDO, FORAM COLETADAS vARIAS AMOSTRAS DE AGUA EM DIVERSOS PONTOS DO ESTADO DE SAD PAULO, INCLUINDO-SE ALGUMAS OUTRAS QUE 0 SR. IVANY FERRAZ MARQUES VALID COLETOU DURANTE SUAS EXCURSSES AO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS. ESSAS AMOSTRAS FORAM CUIDADOSAMENTE EXAMINADAS EM LABO- RATORIO E CADA ESPECIE, VARIEDADE OU FORMA DE DESMIDIA OBSERVADA FOI DOCUMENTADA. DAS 5O COLECOES AO MEU DISPOR FORAM INVENTARIA- DAS 95 ESPECIES, 66 VARIEDADES E I6 FORMAS, NUM TOTAL DE I77 TA- XA DIFERENTES E DDS QUAIS 20, Du APROXIMADAMENTE II,5%, FORAM CONSIDERADAS NOVAS PARA A CIENCIA. CADA MATERIAL IDENTIFICADO FOI DESCRITO EM SEUS MfNIMDS DETALHES MORFOLOGICOS, FORNECENDO-SE AINDA AS MEDIDAS NECESSA- RIAS PARA SUA PRECISA IDENTIFICACAO SISTEMATICA, BEM COMO A RES- PECTIVA DISTRIBUICAO GEOGRAFICA EM TERRITORIO BRASILEIRO. I8 PRANCHAS COM DESENHOS SELECIONADOS E FEITOS COM 0 AufoIO DE CA- MERA LUCIDA, ALEM DE 2 MAPAS, COMPLEMENTAM O TEXTO. APOB EXAMINADA A LISTA DAS PLANTAS IDENTIFICADAS PARA A AREA ESTUDADA, ALGUMAS OBSERVACDES BIOGEOGRAFICAS INTERESSANTES PODEM SER TIRADAs: I) O PREDOMTNIO MARCADO DAS ESPECIES DE 2227 MARIUM E CLOSTERIUM SSBRE AQUELAS DOS DEMAIS GENEROS; 2) O NUMB- RO EXTREMAMENTE ELEVADO DAB FORMAS COSMOPOLITAS BANAIS; 5) A PRESENCA DE UM GRUPO ENDEMICO TROPICAL AMERICANO RELATIVAMENTE 225 DISCRETO; 4) A RELATIVA AUSENCIA DAS FORMAS MAIORES DE MICRASTE— ‘5333 E EUASTRUM BEM COMO DAS FORMAS FILAMENTOSAS; E, 5) A EXIS— TENCIA DE UM GRUPO RESIDUAL PANTROPICAL RELATIVAMENTE REDUZIDO. A FLORA DESMIDIOLOGICA DA REGIAO ORA ESTUDADA TEN MUITA SEMELHANCA COM AQUELA DA REGIAO DENOMINADA POR KRIEGER INDO-MALAL SICA-NORTE AUSTRALIANA. CERCA DE 27% DOB TAXA PRESENTEMENTE MEN— CIONADOS PARA O ESTADO DE SAO PAULO E PARA AS 2 LOCALIDADES NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, JA SAD CONHECIDAS PARA A REGIAO INDO- MALASICA-NORTE AUSTRALIANA. STAURASTRUM TOHOPEKALIGENSE WOLLE F. MINUS (TURN.) SCOTT & PRESC., POR EXEMPLO, E CONSIDERADA UMA FORMA ORIENTAL E BRASILEIRA; O MESMO E vALIDO PARA PLEUROTAENIUM OVATUM NORDST.. L|I T E R A T U R E C I T E D BICUDO, C.E.M. & R.M.T. BICUDO. I962. CONTRIBUICAO AO CONHECIMEN- TO DAS DESMIDIACEAE DO PARQUE DO ESTADO, S. PAULO. RICKIA [TSAO PAUL637. L: 207-225, PL. I- 5. I965. CONTRIBUICAO AO CONHECIMEN- TO DAB DESMIDIACEAE DO PAROUE DO ESTADO, S. PAU- LO. II. RICKIA [TSAO PAULQJ7. E (IN PRESS). BORGE, 0. I899. DEER TROPISCHE UND SUBTROPISCHE SBSSWASBERCHLO- ROPHYCEEN. K. SV. VET.-AKAD. HANDL. [THANDLIN- GAR]. 24 (I2): I-55, r. I-2. --------- I905. DIE ALGEN DER ERSTEN REGNELLSCHEN EXPEDITION. IL DESMIDIACEEN. ARK. BOT. [T UPPBALA, STOCKHOLMJ7. ‘L: 7I-I58, T. I-5. 224 225 BORGE, 0. I909. NORDAMERICANISCHE SOSSWASSERALGEN.’ ARK. BOT. [TOPPSALA, STOCKHDLM47. é (I5): I-29, T. I. -------- I9I5. BEITRRGE ZUR ALGENFLORA VON SCHWEDEN. 2. DIE AL- GENFLORA UM DEN TORNE-TRASKSEE IN SCHWEDISH-LAPPLAND. [fia‘ BOT. NOTISER ZTLUNDJ7.‘L2L2: I-IIO, T. I-5. -------- I9I8. DIE VON DR. A. LDFGREN IN SAD PAULO GESAMMELTEN SBSSWASSERALGEN. ARK. BOT. (TUPPSALA, STOCKHOLMJ7.ILZ _* (I5): I-I08, T. I-8. . fig -------- I925. DIE VON DR. F. C. HOEHNE WAHREND DER EXPEDITION ROOSEVELT-RONDON GESAMMELTEN SDSSWASSERALGEN. ARK. BOT. [UPPSALA, STOCKHOLMJ. I_9'(I7):. I-56, T. I-6. BORGESEN, F. I890. DESMIDIEAE LN SYMBOLAE AD FLORAM BRASILIAE CENTRALIS COGNOSCENDAM. EDIT. E. WARMING, PART. XXXIV. VIDENSK. MEDDR. DANSK NATURH. FOREN. KBH. kaJBBENHAVN; . l§2 : 929-958, T. 2-5. BRANCO, S.M. I960. DADOS SOBRE A VARIACAO DO NFVEL DO PLANCTON, CAUSADA PELAS ALTERACOES DE TEMPERATURA E VISCOSIDADE DA AGUA. REVISTA D.A.E. [TSAO PAUL637.‘2L (58): 45- 46, FIGS. I-2. CROASDALE, H. I957. FRESHWATER ALGAE OF ALASKA. I. SOME DES- MIDS FROM THE INTERIOR. PART 5: COSMARIAE CONCLUDED. TRANS. AMER. MICR. SOC. [COLUMBUS]. _7_6_ (2): II6-I58, PLO I-IOO 226 CROASDALE, H. I962. FRESHWATER ALGAE OF ALASKA. III. DESMIDS FROM THE CAPE THOMPSON AREA. TRANS. AMER. MICR. SOC. [rbOLUMBUS;7.'§L (I): I2-42, PL. I-8. ------------ & R. GRONBLAD. I964. DESMIDS OF LABRADOR. I. DES- MIDS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL AREA; TRANS. A- MER. MICR. SOC. [TBOLUMBUSJ7.‘§2 (2): I42-2I2, PL. I-2I. I DELPONTE, J.B. I876. SPECIMEN DESMIDIACEARUM SUSALPINARUM. MEM. ACCAD. SCI. TORINO [TORINOJ. SER. '2, 28: I9-I08, PL. I-5. , DICK, J. I9I9. BEITRAGE ZUR KENNTNIS DER DESMIDIACEENFLORA VON SGDBAYERN. KRYPTOG. FORSCH. (TMUNCHENJ7. L (4): '250-262, PL. II-I7.I ’ DICKIE, G. I88I. NOTES ON ALGAE FROM THE AMAZONS AND ITS TRIBU- TARIES. J. LINN. SOC. LOND. (BOT.) [TLONDON37. lfi (I08): I25-I52. EHRENBERG, C.G. I858. DIE INFUSIOSTHIERCHEN ALS VOLLKOMMENE OR- GANISMEN. EIN BLINK IN DAS TIEFERE ORGANISCHE LE- BEN DER NATUR, P. I-XXII + I-548, PL. I-64. LEI- PzIG. FORSTER, K. I965. DESMIDIACEEN AUS BRASILIEN. I. NORD-BRASIL- IEN. REVUE ALGOL. ZTPARISJ7. NOUV. SER., 1 (I): '58-92, T. I-9. 227 FDRSTER, K. I964. DESMIDIACEEN AUS BRASILIEN. 2. TEIL: BAHIA, GOYAz, PIAUHY UND NORD-BRASILIEN. HYDROBIOLOGIA [DEN HAAGJ. _2_5 (5-4): '52I-505, r. I-5I. FRITSCH, F.E. I9I8. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FRESH- WATER ALGAE OF AFRICA. 2. A FIRST REPORT ON THE FRESHWATER ALGAE MOSTLY FROM THE CAPE PENINSULA IN THE HERBARIUM OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. ANN. S. AFR. MUS. [TbAPE TOWN47.‘2: 485-6II, FIGS. I-45. FROHNE, W.C. I959. ANOPHELINE BREEDING: SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION OF PONDS BASED ON CHARACTERISTIC DESMIDS. PUBL. HLTH REP., WASH. (TWASHINGTOMJ7.'2& (50): I565-I587. ------ ----- I942. RECONAISSANCE OF ANOPHELINE LARVAL HABITATS AND CHARACTERISTIC DESMIDS OF THE 0KEFENOKEE SWAMP, GEORGIA. PUBL. HLTH REP., WASH. Z7WASHINGTON47. 51 (55): I209-I2I7. ' GRDNBLAD, R. I920. FINNLANDISCHE DESMIDIACEEN AUS KEURU. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [HELSINGFORSIAE]. 47 (4): I-98, T. I46. ----------- .I955. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SUB-AERIAL ’DESMIDS. COMMENT. BIOL. l-HELSINGFOR847‘.3 (4): I- 7, PL. I-2. ----------- I945. DE ALGIS BRASILIENSIBUS, PRAECIPUE DESMIDIA- CEIS, ETC.. ACTA SOC. SCI. FENN. [THELSINGFORSIAEJZ 228 Nov. SER. B, ll (6): l-45, T. l-l6. HIRANO, M. l952—55. FRESHWATER ALGAE Lg SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OFTHE JAPANESE EXPEDITIONS TO NEPAL HIMALAYA [TkaTO;7.‘L: 5-#2, PL. I-S. HOMFELD, H. I929. BEITRAG zUR KENNTNIS DER DESMIDIACEEN NORDWEST- DEUTSCHLANDS, BESONDERS IHRER ZvGDTEN. PFLANzENFORS- CHUNG [JENA]. _l_2.: l-96, T. I-9. IRENéE-MARIE, F. I956. LES COSMARIUM DE LA REGION DES TROIS-RI- VIERES. HYDROBIOLOGIA zrbEN HAAQJ7.I§ (l-2): 79- lfih, PL. l-5. JOLY, A.B. I965. GENERDS DE ALGAS DE AGUA DOCE DA CIDADE DE 3:0 PAULO E ARREDORES. RICKIA [TSAO PAULQ47. SUPL. L: I-ISS, FIGS. l-I25. KLEEREKOPER, H. I959. ESTUDO LIMNOLOGICD DA REPRESA DE SANTO AMA- RO EM 8. PAULO. BOLM FAC. FILOS. CIENC. UNIV. 8 PAU- LO ZfSXo PAULQJ7. Z (BOT. 2): l5-l5l, FIGS. I-Sb. -------------- |94h. INTRODUCZO AD ESTUDO DA LIMNOLOGIA. I. SERIE DIDKTICA No. 4, SERVI9O DE INFORMACXO AGRfco- LA DO MINISTERIO DA AGRICULTURA. P. l-329, FIGS. I- IS. RIO DE JANEIRO. KOLKWITZ, R. I955. ZUR OKOLOGIE DER PFLANzENWELT BRASILIENS. BER DT. BOT. GES. [BERLIN]. 2 (9): 596-l-l06, I TEXT FIG., To |o-'20 229 KOSSINSKAJA, C.C. I952. CONJUGATAE (I) MESOTAENIALES ET GONATO- KRIEGER, W. I952. ZYGALES l3 FLORA PLANTARUM CRYPTOGAMARUM URSS. g: 5—I6h, T. I-I7, TExT. FIGS. I-5l. DIE DESMIDIACEEN DER DEUTSCHEN LIMNOLOGISCHE SUNDA-ExPEDITIDN. ARCH. HYDROBIOL. Z-STUTT- GARPJ7. SUPPL. ll: I29-250, T. 5-26. DIE DESMIDIACEEN LE DR. RASENHDRST'S KRYPTOGA- MEN-FLORA VON DEUTSCHLAND, OSTERREICH UND DER SCHWEIz [TLEIPZIQJ7.IL2 (I): I-VI + I-7I2, T. I-96. DESMIDIACEEN AUS DER MDNTANEN REGION SBDOST- BRASILIENS. BER. DT. BOT. GES. [TBERLINJ7.‘Q2 (2): 55-42, FIGS. I-55. ---------- & J. GERLOFF. I962. DIE GATTUNG COSMARIUM. PART. I: LEFEVRE, M. LEMMERMANN, E. |9§|. III-XVIII + I-II2, T. I-I9, I9SIS, 20-22. BER- LIN DAHLEM. RECHERCHES SUR LA BIOLOGIE ET LA SYSTEMATIQUE DE QUELQUES ALGUES DSTENUES EN CULTURE. REVUE ALGOL. [PARIS]. é: 5I5-355. I9I5. ALGOLDGISCHE BEITRAGE. XIII. GSER DAS VORK— OMMEN VON ALGEN IN DEN SCHLlUCHEN VON UTRICULAP RIA. ASH. NATURW. VER. BREMEN lfbflEMEN47.‘g2 (I): 26I-267, FIGS. I5-20. 230 LEOPOLDO E SILVA, J.M. I958. CONTRISUIOAO A DISTRIaUIgXD GEOGRA- A FICA Do GENERO TRIPLOCERAS. BOLM REPART. AGUAS S PAULO [TSAO PAULQ47.IE (h): 42- 49, 4 FOTOGRAFIAS. LILLIEROTH, 8. I950. DEER FDLGEN KULTURSEDINGTER WASSERSTANDSENK- UNGEN FDR MAKROPHYTEN- UND PLANKTONGEMEIN— SCHATEN IN SEICHTEN SEEN DES SGDSCHWEDIS- CHEN OLIGOTROPHIEGEBIETES. EINE STUDIE MIT GESDNDERER BERBCKSICHTIGUNG DER ANGE- WANDTEN LIMNOLOGIE. ACTA LIMNOL. ZTLUNQJZ 2; I-288, FIGS. I-Dfia. MESSIKOMMER, E. I955. BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER ALGENFLORA DES RIL- NORDSTEDT, C.F.O. TIKONS. ARCH. HYDROBIOL. [TSTUTTGARI;7. ‘31 (4): 526-552, T. 4. I870. SYMBOLAE AD FLORAM BRASILIAE CENTRALIS COGNOSCENDAM, EDIT. EUG. WARMING. PART. V. I8 FAM. DESMIDIACEAE. VIDENSK. MEDDR DANSKE NATURH. FOREN. KSH. [KuflaENHAVN] I862 (|4-I5): I95-254, T. Z-h. I875. DESMIDIEAE ARCTOAE. OFVERS. K. VETENSK- AKAD. FBRH. [TSTDCKHDLM;7. I87: (6): I5- #5, T. 6-7. I877. NDNNULAE ALGAE AQUAE DULCIS SRASILIENSES 2§l OFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FBRH. [rSTOCKHOLM;7.'L§Z_ (5): I5-28, T. 2. NORDSTEDT, C.F.O. I889. DE DUABUS NOVIS SPECIEBUS DESMIDIEARUM E BRASILIA LE DE ALGIS ET CHARAOEIS. ACTA UNIV. LUND. [TLUNQJ7.‘EQ (5): I-2, T. I. NYGAARD, V. I949. HYDROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME DANISH PONDS AND LAKES. PART. II: THE QUOOIENT HYPOTHESIS ANDSOME NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN PHYTOPLANKTON ORGANISMS. K. DANS- KE VIDENSK. SELSK. SKR. [TKJIBENHAVM;7. BIOL. Z (I): I-295, FIGS. I-I26. PALMER, C.M. I959. ALGAE IN WATER SUPPLIES. PUBLIC HEALTH SER- VICE PUBL. NO. 657. ED. I. P. I-VIII + I-88, PL. I- 6, TEXT FIGS. I-55B. WASHINGTON, D.C.. ----------- I96I. ALGAE AND WATER SUPPLIES IN THE SAD PAULO A- REA. ROBERT A. TAFT SAN. ENG. CENTER TECHNICAL RE- PORT W6I-50. P. I-7. CINCINNATI. PRESCOTT, G.W. I948. DESMIDS. BOT. REV. [TLANCASTER;7. LE (IO): 644-676. ------------- I957. THE MAOHRIS BRAzILIAN EXPEDITION. BOTANY: CHLOROPHYTA; EUGLENOPHVTA. CONTR. SCI. [TLOS ANGEL- ES]. _I_I_: I-29, PL. I-5. RACIBORSKI, M. I885. DE NONNULIS DESMIDIACEIS NOVIS VEL MINUS COGNITIS, QUAE IN POLONIA INVENTAE SUNT. PAM. WYDZ. 252 AKAD. UMIEJ. KRAKOW’ZTkRAKOW47.'LQ: I-AI, T. IO-I4. RACIBORSKI, M. I892. DESMIDYA zEBRANE PRZEZ DR. E. CIASTONIA, w. PODROkY NA OKOlO zIEMI. RozPR. WYDz. MAT.-PRzYR. A- KAD. UMIEJ. KRAKOW [KRAKOW]. 22:: 56I-59I, T. 6-7. RALFS, J. I848. THE BRITISH DESMIDIEAE. P. V-XXII + I-226, PL. I-55. REEVE, BENHAM, AND REEVE, LONODN. RAMANATHAN, K.R. I962. ZYGOSPORE FORMATION IN SOME SOUTH INDIAN DESMIDS. PHYKOS [TNEW DELHL47. I (I): 58-45, FIGS. I-20. RICH, F. I952. REPORTS ON THE PERCY SLADEN EXPEDITION TO SOME RIFT VALLEY LAKES IN KENYA IN I929. IV. PHYTOPLANK- TON FROM THE RIFT VALLEY LAKES IN KENYA. ANN. MAG. NAT. HIST. [TLONDON;7. SER. '0'.LQ (57): 255-262, 6 FIGS. RYPPOWA, H. I927. GLONY JEZIOREK TORFOWCOWYCH, T. Zw. 'SUCHA- RDW' W OKOLIOACH WIGIER. AROHWM HYDROBIOL. RYS. [TSUWALKL;7.I2 (5-4): hI-64, T. I-h, 7 TEXT FIGS.. SAMPAIO, J. I946. PROSLEMAS DE CIENOIA APLICADA. O PENICILIUM NOTATUM VESTLING E A 'PENIOILINA' - O CLOSTERIUM':: OEROSUM (SCHR.) EHRENB. E A SUA INCOMPATIBILIDADE COM AS BACTERIAS. ANAIS FAC. FARM. PORTO ZTPORTO‘J7. _6_: 5-l0. SCHMIDLE, W. ALGEN AUS BRASILIEN. HEDWIGIA [DRESDEN]. fig: 145-- 255 54, T. 5-4. SCOTT, A.M. & R. GRONBLAD. I957. NEW AND INTERESTING DESMIDSFROM THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. ACTA Soc. SCI. FENN. [rHELSINGFORSIAE;7. NOV. SER. B, Li (8): I-62, PL. |- 57. SKUJA, H. I949. ZUR SDSSWASSERALGEN-FLORA BURMAS. NOVA ACTA R. SOC. SCIENT. UPSAL. [TUPPSALIAEJ7. SER. 4, l5 (5): 5- I88, T. I-57. STROM, K.M. I9I9. FRESHWATER ALGAE FROM CAUCASUS AND TURKESTAN. NYT. MAG. NATURVID. ZTkRISTIANIfiJ7.'213 I-I4, PL. 2. TEILING, E. I952. L'AUTHENTIGUE STAURODESMUS DEJECTUS (BREB.). VIIIE. CONGRES INTERNAT. DE BOT. [TPARIS;7. I28-I29, FIGS. I-9O ---------- I954. ACTINOTAENIUM GENUS DESMIDIACEARUM RESSUSCITA— TUM. BOT. NOTISER [TLUNQJ7. Igéfl (4): 576-426, FIGS. |‘79o WARMING, E. I892. LAGOA SANTA, ET BIORAG TIL DEN BIOLOGISKE PLANTEGEOGRAFI. K. DANSKE VIDENSK. SELSK. SKR. [rkufl- BENHAVN47. é, NAT. MATH. 6: I55-488, #5 FIGS., I TA- BELA. WEST, G.S. I909. THE ALGAE OF THE YAN YEAN RESERVOIR, VICTORIA: A BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY. J. LINN. SOC. LOND. (BOT.) [TLONDONJ7.‘22: I-88. WEST, G.S. WEST, W. & 254 I9I4. A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FRESHWA- TER ALGAE OF COLUMBIA LE 0. FUHRMANN & E. MAYOR'S VOYAGE D'EXPLORATION SOIENTIFIQUE EN COLUMSIE. MEM. SOC. NEUOHAT. SCI. NAT. ZTNEUCHXTECJ7.‘2: IOI5-I05l, PL. 2I-25. G.S. WEST. I895. A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FRESHWATER ALGAE OF MADAGASCAR. TRANS. LINN. SOO LOND. (BOT.) [TLDNDONJ7o SER. 2,‘5 (2): 4I-90, PL. 5- --------- I896. ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN DESMIDIEAE. TRANS. LINN. SOC. LOND. (BOT.) [TLONDOMJ7. SER. 2,‘2 (5): 229-274, PL. I2-I8. .................... |904-I2. A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH DESMI- DIACEAE [rLONDONJ7. L: I-XXXVI + I-224, PL. I-52. I904; ‘2: I-VIII + I-204, PL. 55-64. I905; 5; I-XV + I-274, PL. 65-95. I908; '3: I-XIV + I-I9I, PL. 96-I28. |9I2. -------------------- I906. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PLANKTON OF SOME IRISH LAKES. TRANS. R. IR. ACAD. [TDUBLINJ7. NOV. SER. B, 22: 77-II6, PL. 6-ll. .................... I907. FRESH-WATER ALGAE FROM BURMA INCLUD- ING A FEW FROM BENGAL AND MADRAS. ANNALS R. BOT. GDN [CALCUTTA]. 6 (2): I75-226, PL. I0-I6. 235 WHELDEN, M. I945. NOTES ON NEW ENGLAND ALGAE. III. SOME IN- TERESTING ALGAE FROM MAINE. FARLOWIA Z-CAMBRIDGEJ7. ‘L (I): 9-25, FIGS. l-l8. WILLE, N. I884. BIDRAG TIL SYDAMERIKAS ALGFLORA. I. BRASILIEN. OFVERS. K. VETENSKAKAD. FBRH.‘Z—STOCKHOLM;7.I§ (I8): 5-26, T. I-5. WITTROCK, V. & C.F.0. NORDSTEDT. I880-89. ALGAE AQUAE DULOIS EX- SIOCATAE PRAECIPUE SCANDINAVIOAE, ETC.. é: NO. 55l- 400. I880. LUNDAE; ‘LQ: NO. 45I-500. I882. STOCK- HOLMIAE; ‘lL: NO. 50I-550. |885. STOCKHOLMIAE; l3: 55I-600. |885. STOCKHOLMIAE; i1: NO. 80I-850. I886. STOCKHOLMIAE; L2: NO. 90I-950. l889. STOCKHOLMIAE. WITTROCK, V., C.F.O. NORDSTEDT & G. LAGERHEIM. I905. ALGAE AQUAE DULOIS EXSIOCATAE PRAECIPUE SCANDINAVIOAE, ETC.. 21: NO. I45I-I500. LUNDAE. YACUBSON, 8. I960. DESMIDIACEAS DEL LAGO SAN ROQUE Y TRISUTARIOS (PROVINOIA DE CORDOBA, ARGENTINA). BOLN Soc. AR- GENT. BOT. [LA PLATA]. §_ (2): 65-89, PL. l-6. 256 PLATE I LOCALITIES WHERE ALGAE HAVE BEEN COLLECTED (WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THIS PAPER). .... 'rg."." H... .. ”A. J ‘5 o 0 Potato"; MINAS GERAIS A!“ A; _ -': 0 WV ' \ .c..,.. 20 SAC PAUlC " ......... O'iéuunon'o ”J Miropbuoo ~33 0... .u I50 Clan .-".P"q_\f..Ir"C-:} \ O co‘aara‘... ...- 2 3 ° 3-... Auvofiaoo: Tropic of Capticorn T 25° 50° ‘ 45° 40° SCALE OF KILOMEI’RES m 0 I00 200 300 400 500 SCAlE OF MILES m 0 100 200 300 400 500 25s PLATE II STATE OF SAO PAULO: GEOLOGICAL MAP. com 008 60— o I | 2.2:. *0 0 DU 08 oo« co.— m w ....oEOZJ .0 3.3m 00V . co_xcoa.(\\\\ . 000 .3350". \k 4.5.0:»: Co. Inc; : O o s u .. ( .............. ... ... .4 2:251: .:O_uc( Onu - ..... DON 240 PLATE III CYLINDROCYSTIS BREBISSONII MENEGH. .................. CYLINDROCYSTIS BREBISSONII MENEGH. VAR. MINOR WEST O....O.......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.000....0... SPIROTAENIA OBSCURA RALFS ...................... MESOTAENIUM DE GREYI TURN. VAR. BREVE W. WEST .. MESOTAENIUM ENDLICHERIANUM NAG. ........... MESOTAENIUM MIRIFIOUM ARCH. ............... MESOTAENIUM MACROCOCCUM (KGTz.) ROY & BISS. MESOTAENIUM MACROCOCCUM (K6T2.) ROY & BIBS. CROCOOCUM (KGT2.) WEST & WEST ............. ROYA OBTUSA (BREB.) WEST & WEST ........... WEST & NETRIUM DIGITUS (EHR.) ITz. & ROTHE VAR. LAMELLOSUM (BREB.) GRONBL. I2, APEX OF SEMICELL ............... NETRIUM INTERRUPTUM (BREB.) LGTK. VAR. MINOR (BORGE) KR. .....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO..OOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOCOO... NETRIUM DIGITUS (EHR.) ITz. & ROTHE VAR. NRGELII (BREB.)KR. 0.0.0.0000........OOOOOOOI.....OOOOOOOOOO PAGE I4. I5. I5. IO. I2. l7. I-4. CYLINDROCYSTIS CRASSA DE BARY VAR. 242 PLATE IV ITIRAPINENSIS, 4, DETAIL MINIMUM WEST & MANG. OF 7, APEX OF SEMI- I, 2, MACROSCOPIO ASPECT OF THE COLONIES; & VAR. NOV. 5, ENLARGED PORTION OF A FILAMENT; CELL ............................................... GONATOZYGON BREBISSONII DE BARY VAR. WEST ............................. GONATOZYGON MONOTAENIUM DE BARY. CELL . ........................... PENIUM CYLINDRUS (EHR.) BREB. .... PENIUM MARGARITACEUM (EHR.) BREB. PENIUM MARGARITACEUM (EHR.) BREB. F. GLABRA MESS. PENIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. F. MINOR BOUR. PENIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. VAR. PARALLELUM KR. F. ML‘ .EEE! F. NOV. ....................................... PAGE 2|. 22. 25. 24. 25. 26. 26. FIGS. 6-7. 8. 9. l0. II-I2. I5-l4. 244 PLATE V PAGE PENIUM SILVAE NIGRAE RAB. F. MINOR BOUR. & MANG., VEGETATIVE DIVISION ................................ 26. CLOSTERIUM LISELLULA FOCKE VAR. INTERMEDIUM (ROY & BISSEO)GO 8. WEST .0.........OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 1". CLOSTERIUM NAVICULA (BREB.) LDTK. .................. 45. CLOSTERIUM TUMIDUM JOHNS. .........OOOOOOOOIOOOOCOOC 55. CLOSTERIUM CORNU EHR. .............................. 50. CLOSTERIUM INFRACTUM MESS. VAR. SANPAULENSIS, VAR. NOV. ............................................... 57. CLOSTERIUM VENUS KGTz. VAR. INCURVUM (BREB.) KR. ... 59. CLOSTERIUM MONILIFERUM (BORY) EHR. ................. 44. CLOSTERIUM PARVULUM NAG. ........................... 46. CLOSTERIUM DIANAE EHR. I2, APEX OF SEMICELL ....... 55. CLOSTERIUM ABRUPTUM W. WEST I4, APEX OF SEMICELL .. 27. CLOSTERIUM 246 PLATE VI DIANAE EHR. VAR. AROUATUM (BREB.) RAB. .. CLOSTERIUM ACEROSUM (SCHR.) EHR. ................... CLOSTERIUM PRITCHARDIANUM ARCH. VAR. MAXIMUM NORDST. 4, APEX OF CLOSTERIUM 6, APEX OF CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM SEMICELL ................................ DIDYMOTOOUM RALFS VAR. MINUS WEST & WEST SEMICELL ................................ TURGIDUM EHR. 8, APEX OF SEMICELL ...... LATERALE NORDST. IO, APEX OF SEMICELL .. ULNA FOCKE I2, APEX OF SEMICELL ........ LATERALE NORDST. I4, APEX OF SEMICELL .. PAGE 54. 28. 49. 55- 54. 59- 56. 59- FIGS. I-2. 5-1.. I2-I5. I4. |5-I7. CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM CLOSTERIUM 248 PLATE VII PAGE GRACILE BREB. ........................... 55. RALFSII BREB. 4, APEX OF SEMICELL ...... 50. KGTZINGII BREB. VAR. LAEVE (RAC.) KR. ... 58. ROSTRATUM EHR. .......................... 5|. SETACEUM EHR. ........................... 52. COSTATUM CORDA 9, APEX OF SEMICELL ..... 5|. CYNTHIA DE NOT. ......................... 52. PORRECTUM NORDST. VAR. ANGUSTATUM WEST & WEST .....OOOIOOOOOOIOOOO00.0.00.........OOOOCOOOOOO 1+8. CLOSTERIUM LOFGRENII BORGE I5, APEX OF SEMICELL ... 42. PLEUROTAENIUM MINUTUM (RALFS) DELP. VAR. MINUS (RAC.) KR. 00.0.0.0...0.0.0.000.........OOOOCOOOOOOOO0.0... 6|. PLEUROTAENIUM TRABECULA (EHR.) NAG. I6, APEX OF SEMICELL; '7’ BABE OF SEM'CELL ...OOIIOOOOOOOOOOOO. 650 250 PLATE VIII FIGS. PAGE I-2. PLEUROTAENIUM TRABECULA (EHR.) NAG. VAR. RECTUM (DELP.) WEST & WEST ................................ 65. 5-4. PLEUROTAENIUM EHRENBERGII (BREB.) DE BARY. 4, APEX OF SEMICELL ........................................ 60. 5-6. PLEUROTAENIUM WALLICHIANUM (TURN.) KR. F. ELONGATUM, F. NOV. 6, APEX OF SEMICELL ....................... 67. 7-8. PLEUROTAENIUM TRUNCATUM (BREB.) NAG. 8, APEX OF SEM'CELL OI.0...OI.................OOOOOOOOIOOIOOOOO 66. 9-|00 PLEUROTAENIUM OVATUM NORDST0 0 OOOOOOOO 00000000000000 620 II. PLEUROTAENIUM OVATUM NORDST. VAR. TUMIDUM (MASK.) G. S. WEST ......................................... 65. 252 PLATE IX FIGS. PAGE I. TETMEMORUS GRANULATUS (BREB.) RALFS ................ 70. 2. TETMEMORUS BREBISSONII (MENEGH.) RALFS VAR. MINOR DE BARY .....OOIOOOOOOOOOOO00.00.00.000...0.0.0.0... 68. 5. EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE ......................... 77. 4. EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE VAR. MINUS G. S. WEST ... 78. 5. EUASTRUM BRASILIENSE BORGE VAR. SIMPLICIUS BORGE ... 79. 6. EUASTRUM ANSATUM EHR. VAR. CONCAVUM KR. ............ 75. 7. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. .......................... 9|. 8. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. F. ELONGATUM, F. NOV. .... 92. 9-I0. EUASTRUM SUBLOBATUM BREB. VAR. OBTUSATUM (GUTW.) KR. 95. II. EUASTRUM VALIDUM WEST & WEST ....................... 95. I2. EUASTRUM TUDDALENSE STROM .......................... 94. I5. EUASTRUM BINALE (TURP.) EHR. VAR. HIANS W. WEST .... 75. 254 PLATE X EUASTRUM PECTINATUM BREB. VAR. PINHEIRENSIS, VAR. NOV. .....0...0.00.00.00.00......OIOOOOOOOOOOOOO.... EUASTRUM INSULARE (WITTR.) ROY VAR. PINHEIRENSIS, VAR. NOV. I....0O.......O..........OOOOOOOOOCOOOCOO. EUASTRUM DIVARICATUM LUND. VAR. TIETEENSE LOFGR. & NORDST. ......OOCOOOOO.......OCOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOIO... EUASTRUM ARCIFERUM BORGE ......O.........OOOOOOOOOOO EUASTRUM PAULENSE BBRGES. 7, LATERAL VIEW OF SEMI- CELL- ............O....0...00.........OCIOOIOOOOOOOOO EUASTRUM SUBINTEGRUM NORDST. VAR. BRASILIENSE GR8NBLO 0.00.0.0...O.IO...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOI EUASTRUM EVOLUTUM (NORDST.) WEST & WEST VAR. VALIOI, VAR. NOVO ......OIOCOIOOO......OOOIOO......OOOOOIOOI EUASTRUM GEMMATUM BREB. .........OOI...0.0.0.0000... EUASTRUM GEMMATUM BREB. VAR. PINHEIRENSIS, VAR. NOV. PAGE 88. 85. so. 74. 86. 89. 8|. 85. 84. FIGS. 256 PLATE XI MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. ...................... MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. VAR. INFLATA KR. ..... MICRASTERIAS LATICEPS NORDST. VAR. AEQUILOBATA (BOR- GE) KR. ...OI...OIOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOO......OOOOOOIOUO MICRASTERIAS PINNATIFIDA (KGTz.) RALFS. 4, ABNORMAL CELL 0......O.......OOOOOOCOOOOOOIOO'....0.0.0.0.... MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (CORDA) BREB. VAR. PUSILLA G. S. WEST PAGE IOI. I05. I02. I06. IIO. 258 PLATE XII FIGS. PAGE I—2. MICRASTERIAS TRUNCATA (CORDA) BREB. VAR. EXCAVATA NORDST. 2, CELL WAITH THE ANGLES OF THE POLAR LOBES 5-DENTATE O...90..00......0............COOODCOOOCCOO [080 5-4. MICRASTERIAS CRUX-MELITENSIS (EHR.) HASS. VAR. JA- NEIRA (RAC.) GRONBL. ............................... 97. 5—6. ACTINOTAENIUM CUCURBITA (BREB.) TEIL. .............. II4. 7. ACTINOTAENIUM CUCURBITA (BREB.) TEIL. VAR. ATTENUA- TUM (G. S. WEST) TEIL. ............................. II5. 8. ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. VAR. STRIA- TUM, VAR. NOVS ......OOOOOOCCCOCCOOCC......OOCOOOOOO ll}. 9. ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. ........... III. IO-II. ACTINOTAENIUM CRUCIFERUM (DE BARY) TEIL. F. MINUS TEIL. ...-I0.0UOIOOOOOOOO....OOIOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ['2‘ 260 PLATE XIII MICRASTERIAS INTEGRA NORDST. MICRASTERIAS PAPILLIFERA BREB. VAR. GLABRA NORDST. . ACTINOTAENIUM WOLLEI (GRONBL.) TEIL. ............... ACTINOTAENIUM OIPLDSPORUM (LUND.) TEIL. F. MINUS CUSH. EX TE'LI I0.0‘.........OOOOO....IOOOOOOOOOOOOO ACTINOTAENIUM INCONSPICUUM (W. WEST) TEIL. ......... ACTINOTAENIUM CUCURBITINUM (BISS.) TEIL. VAR. SUBRE- ACTINOTAENIUM ELONGATUM (RAC.) TEIL. VAR. LANCEOLA- PAGE I00. I04. II9. II7. II8. TUSUM (MESS.)TEILO 00............IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO |l6’ TUM (TURN.)TEILO ......OOOIOOOIIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIO II7. COSMARIUM CIRCULARE REINSCH ...IIOOOOIOOOIOOCOOOOOOC l27. 262 PLATE XIV FIGS. PAGE I. MICRASTERIAS DENTICULATA BREB. ..................... 98. 2. COSMARIUM LUNDELLII DELP. VAR. CORRUPTUM (TURN.) WEST & WEST ........................................ I40. 5. COSMARIUM GALERITUM NORDST. ........................ I54. 4-5. COSMARIUM SUBCUCUMIS SCHM. ......................... I65. 6. COSMARIUM SUBCUCUMIS SCHM. F. COMPRESSUM, F. NOV. .. I65. 7. COSMARIUM PYRAMIDATUM BREB. F. MINUS, F. NOV. ...... I55. 8. COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. VAR. KLEBSII (GUTW.) WEST & WEST ........................................ I66. 9. COSMARIUM PSEUDOEXIGUUM RAC. ....................... I48. I0. COSMARIUM BIOCULATUM BREB. VAR. CANADENSE KR. & GERL.I24. II. COSMARIUM LAEVE RABENH. ............................ I57. I2. COSMARIUM PHASEOLUS BREB. VAR. MINUS (BOLOT) KR. & GERL. .............................................. I45. I5. COSMARIUM NITIDULUM DE NOT. ........................ I42. I4. COSMARIUM SUBTUMIDUM NORDST. F. MINOR BORGE ........ I67. I5. COSMARIUM RECTANGULARE GRUN. VAR. HEXAGONUM (ELFV.) WEST&WEST 00.....0.........OOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOO I57. I5. I4-l5. I6. COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM 5, APICAL COSMARIUM COSMARIUM 264 PLATE XV RALFS" BREB. 0OCOO.IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOD RALFSII BREB. VAR. SKVORTZOVII, VAR. NOV. ARCTOUM NORDST. 4, LATERAL VIEW OF CELL; VIEW OF SEMICELL ......IOIOOOOIOOOOOOOOOO TRILOBULATUM REINscH .................... CONTRACTUM KIRCHN. ...-IOOOOIOOIOIOCOO... COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM COSMARIUM GRONBL. COSMARIUM CONTRACTUM KIRCHN. VAR. ROTUNDATUM BORGE. GLOBOSUM BULNH. ......OOOIOOOOOOOOOO0.... SP. NOV. ......OODOOOOOOOOOOOIO. BRANCOI, PYGMAEUM ARCH. 00...........OOOOOOOOOOOOO TINCTUM RALFS ......... MONILIFORME (TURP.) RALFS ............... PSEUDOCONNATUM NORDST. ......OOOOCOOOOOOO AMOENUM BREB. VAR. CONSTRICTUM SCOTT & 00.00.00.000IOOOOOIOOOOIIOOOCOIOO...-...... CONSPERSUM RALFS VAR. CAPENSE HODG. ..... PAGE I55. I56. I22. I7I. I29. I50. I56. I26. I52. I20. I4I. I46. I20. I28. IO. 20. 266 PLATE XVI COSMARIUM RENIFORME (RALFS) ARCH. ................ COSMARIUM QUADRUM LUND. .......................... COSMARIUM LOGIENSE BISS. F. MINUS, F. NOV. ....... COSMARIUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. ...................... COSMARIUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. VAR. ROTUNDATUM KLEBS COSMARIUM FURCATOSPERMUM WEST & WEST ............. COSMARIUM ANISOCHONDRUM NORDST. VAR. TETRACHONDRUM SCOTT&GR6NBLO ......IOOIOOOO......OOOOOIOOOOOOO. COSMARIUM DICHONDRUM WEST & WEST ................. COSMARIUM SPECIOSUM LUND. VAR. ROSTAFINSKII (GUTW. WEST&WEST ......OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOO0.0...... COSMARIUM SEXNOTATUM GUTW. VAR. TRISTRIATUM (LGTK. SCHM. .....‘OOIOOOOOOOOO00.000000000000000.0...... COSMAR!UM BLYTT'IWILLE .........OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO COSMARIUM NOVAE SEMLIAE WILLE VAR. SIBIRIOUM BOLOT COSMARIUM REGNESII REINSCH VAR. MONTANUM SCHM. ... ARTHRODESMUS CONVERGENS EHR. ..................... STAURODESMUS DEJECTUS (BREB.) TEIL. F. ANGUSTUS TE'L. .....OOOOOOOOO0.90.00.00.00...00.00.000.000. STAURODESMUS DICKEI (RALFS) LILL. ................ v PAGE I60. I54. I58. I50. I5I . I55. I2I. I5I. I62. I6I. 125. I45. I59. I72. I75. I77. 267 FIGS. PAGE 2|. STAURODESMUS DICKEI (RALFS) LILL. VAR. RHOMBOIDEUM (WEST & WEST) LILL. F. MINOR POUOQ. ................ I78. 22. STAURODESMUS PYGMAEUM (W. WEST) CROAS. VAR. MINUS (SCOTT & GRONBL.) C. BIO., COMB. NOV. .............. I77. 25. STAURODESMUS CUSPIDATUS (BREB.) TEIL. VAR. TRICUSPI- DATUS (BREB.) TEIL. 0000000000 0000000 000000000000000 l7h0 00100000 II-I2. I4-I5. |6-I7. I8-I9. 269 PLATE XVII STAURASTRUM MUTICUM BREB. ...................... STAURASTRUM ELLIPTICUM W. WEST F. MINUS, F. NOV. STAURASTRUM TURGESCENS DE NOT. ................. STAURASTRUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. .................. STAURASTRUM PUNCTULATUM BREB. VAR. SUBDILATATUM FORST. 6, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL ............. STAURASTRUM PRESCOTTII, SP. NOV. ............... STAURASTRUM ALTERNANS BREB. .................... STAURASTRUM COSMARIOIDES NORDST. VAR. TROPICUM (LA- GERH.) BORGE ....OCIOOOO...OOOOOOOOOOOOOCC.......OO STAURASTRUM QUADRANGULARE BREB. I2, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL .0000......I.......0......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO STAURASTRUM QUADRANGULARE BREB. VAR. LONGISPINUM BERGESI 0.0.0090.00.000.000000000000000COOOOCOODO... STAURASTRUM QUADRANGULARE BREB. VAR. SANPAULENSIS, VAR. Nov. I5, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL ............. STAURASTRUM OCTANGULARE GRONBL. I7, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL STAURASTRUM FURCATUM (EHR.) BREB. I9, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL ......IOOOOOOOOOIOOOO000............OOOOOO. PAGE I89. I86. 204. I94. I96. I95. I85. I85. I97. I98. I99. I90. I87. 270 FIGS. PAGE 20-2I. STAURASTRUM TRIFIDUM NORDST. VAR. GLABRUM LAGERH. F. TORTUM BORGES. 2|, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL ........ 205. 22. STAURASTRUM HYSTRIX RALFS VAR. POLYSPINUM BBRGES. .. I88. 25. STAURASTRUM TOHOPEKALIGENSE WOLLE F. MINUS (TURN.) SCOTT&PRESCD ......OOOOOOOOOO.........OOOOOOOOOOOO 20'. 272 PLATE XVIII PAGE I-2. XANTHIDIUM FRAGILE BORGE. 2, LATERAL VIEW OF CELL.. I80. 5. XANTHIDIUM REGULARE NORDST. VAR. FORSTERI, VAR. NOV. I8I. 4. STAURASTRUM ROTULA NORDST. 00.00.000.000.0.0.0.0.... 2000 FIGS. 5-7. 274 PLATE XIX PAGE STAURASTRUM POLYMORPHUM BREB. ...................... I9I. I STAURASTRUM POLYMORPHUM BREB. VAR. ITIRAPINENSIS, VAR. NOV. 5, APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL .............. I92. XANTHIDIUM REGULARE NORDST. VAR. FORSTERI, VAR. Nov. APICAL VIEW OF SEMICELL ............................ |8I. COSMOCLADIUM PUSILLUM HILSE. 5, LATERAL VIEW OF CELL 6, SUBAPICAL VIEW OF CELL .......................... 205. SPONDYLOSIUM DESMIDDIFORME (BORGE) G. S. WEST ...... 206. BAMBUSINA BREBISSONII (RALFS) CLEVE ................ 2I5. BAMBUSINA BREBISSONII (RALFS) CLEVE VAR. GRACILES- CENS NORDST. 00.00.000.00.......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOO 2‘6. HYALOTHECA INDICA TURN. ............................ 207. DESMIDIUM GRACILICEPS (NORDST.) LAGERH. ............ 2I2. 276 PLATE XX FIGS. PAGE I. DESMIDIUM CYLINDRICUM GREY. ........................ 2I0. 2. DESMIDIUM QUADRATUM NORDST. ........................ 2I5. 5. DESMIDIUM BAILEYI (RALFS) NORDST. .................. 209. 4. DESMIDIUM SWARTzII C. A. AGARDH VAR. QUADRANGULATUM (RALFS) ROY 0............OOIOOOOOO...00.00.00.000... 2|“. ”IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIES 3 1293 03057 9555