A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANT REACTION
TO THE UNIVERSITY CIVIL DEFENSE EXTENSION '
TRAINING PROGRAM IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA

Thesis for fhe Diagrea of Ph. D.
MICHIGAN STA'E‘E UNIVERSITY
Glenn A. Goerke
1964

 

THESIS

 

LIBRARY

MIChIgan Saw
nivcrsity

 

This is to certify that the

thesis entitled
A REX/Ii? AND ANALYSIS CF PAHTICIP‘ALET RJAC'I‘ICE TL
THE UNIVERSITY CIVIL Lfib‘EILSE :flTShSICH
TRAII‘JITEG PfiCGRAI-x III THE STATE} Cb“ FLCiILPA

presented by

Glenn A. Goerke

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

-
A

Pb. Do degree in Ecfllcation

 

f / ,_. , I, ",a' / . \:- , '~ ,3
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0-169

 

 

ROOM USE ONLY

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fine rirncs cl DQLS Spat” has to naae a server ana an—
r l a
‘ ’3 '-. _ c .f‘ _ >0 » h ‘I (3 \J’ - >1. .- 9 r‘ , I- Q ,‘ I“
a sis cl tee reacticns tha HUu iron partICipants lu one
eielter Lafla;OflCUD anu iaeiolo;ical LCHlUOPlU: Inscructcrs

courses offered by tne Civil gefense extension Training Pro-

gram conducted [y tne Florida Institute for Continuing Uni—
versity studies to determine ways in which tee program mi;1t
be simwnqgtnenee gum} improved auxi'ms identify iiuxha elements
not relevant to the OCJectiJes cf the program.

A quest'onnaire was sent to the loQ indiviieals in—
volved in the instructor training pro:ram and replies were

received

511710 ll ’1'

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tne

major finéings of the study were:

Approximately 9

5 per cent cf the participants were

-. ,- N 7 .' P n V, r‘ .'._ (_ 7"- ,, 0 4-1, ‘~
male an; ranyeo in age iron 2J so be gears Witn eJ
per cent cetween the ages of 39 and 59.

Enirty—six of the participants were

ates and only one of the total sample% did not com—

plete nigh scncol.

JiQnty-two cf the trainees indicated tney consid—
ered Civil Lefense_to to an essential part of our

total defense effort and approximately 70 per cent

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LUQLCabGU tncy were more favorasly in ressea con-

cerning one role of Civil pefanse anon completinf

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tne rain n3 prOLran tnan prior b0 taeir entrd in
it.

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REVIJN AID AIALYSIS CF PARTICIPAHT REACTICE TC
T313, UIIIVEJEIS ITY CIVIL 14333133 33:1‘31? 'ICI‘I

IAIII’ PRCGRAE IE T53 STATS CT FLCHILA

32/“

.i‘

\.i‘

A'
Glenn A. Goerke

A TILES I3

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

’L‘CC'i CR C; HILCSCPNY
College of Education

196a

ATT L TTTT
will: I ‘JJJJIJHJLJJII D

The writer wishes to thank his major professor, Dr.
Harold J. Lillon, for his constant encouragement and ad-
vice in the preparation of this study. he also wishes to
recognize the assistance given him by the members of his
Guidance Committee, Lrs. Clyde L. Campbell, tax 3. Smith,

and Jay Artis; and to Lr. Edgar Schuler for his willingness

to a381st in the examination of the

-sertat'

CL
H.
C’)
O

n.

He is appreciative of the efforts of Dr. Lyron R. Blee,
Director of The Florida Institute for Continuing University
Studies, in making time available to him to complete his
graduate work.

To my wife, Barbara, I shall always feel a debt of

gratitude for her forebearance, without which I would have

been unable to complete my doctoral studies.

 

TArLE CCIT l
A GENE: CY‘JJT L E :1.) 311311 1131‘. T5 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
LINT CF 111133 is; o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
CHAPEER

I o TELL: 1)-:C 1.21.2311 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Ifl CTOGQCtiCh. o o o o o o o o o o o o 0

State tfiwu;(m;‘tne Problen1 . . . . . . .
fiSSLl'I 11p qtictls o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
ubanmLauLOLl-a. o o o o o o o o o o o o o
.1.)e.1_. i[lith[lS o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
ignificance of the Study. . . . . . . .
Procedure and hethodology. . . . . . . .

II. iiVldd CF THJ LITJRATUfifi. . . . . . . .

'v'wa :r

1111.5 -14.») 1C HY LEW

ULIlEL SEAIJS. .

Crganization. . . .
The Rational Plan.
Radiological iefense

State and Community M

Continuity of

Community Action.

TEE SLUCA
The University C

Program. . . . .

USIV§dSITV
r13 smgrs

3515; x- » .10 :7
-L,_JLJ .JIJL..L 1.1.

Construction and Preparation of

Questionnaire. .
Sampling. . . .
Treatment of

iVil

PRCCJUURS.

c1070 TONIC

CIJIL tasg‘
LE 1LCAILA.

the Lata.

iii

1 I
13.11

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. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .

l’gmffl

tension

;lEiICII IN

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VII. IEIfljPHJTAIICN CE THE DATA. . . . . . . . .

Personal Characteristics of the ReSpcndents
‘Cucaticnal iaokground. . . . . . . . . . .
Pro ram Promotion. . . . .
ProJi cus Civil Iefense {Ipe
Attitide Toward Civil efe . . . . . . .
Reasons for Particioatinfi tie Prcgram. .
IadiolOQical Lonitoring arac Wa es. . . . .
Instruction and methodology. . . . . . . .

O O O O I 0

1‘1ch 0 o o o 0

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111.513r3ro o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
CCLIClLIS iOIIS o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
necommenoationS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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TEE PiCBLih

 

Introduction:

 

America has grown great because of the imagination,
courage, drive and energy of Americans. We no lon3er can
revel in the fact that we were once nothin3 tut a wilder-
ness. Hhat was once a haystack, a forest and trees, has
now develOped into the world's most complex industrial and
social empire.

Nhere once America was atle to insulate itself against
the world by the mere fact of its geographical position, it
has, because of the wonders of communication, transmission,

and transportation, become a part of the entire world com—

plex. Its emergence from isolation to a leader of the world's

[—1
*3
(D
(D
m

.ations, as indicated in January, lQLZ, when the United
States and other allied countries assumed the name of the
United nations has caused it to examine most carefully and
thoughtfully its position in the world community.

Cur advances in science, notably the development of the
Atom bomb and our reflection on the havoc it wrought on Hiro-
shima and Kagasaki, caused us not to revel in our greatness
but rather to reflect upon the fact that other nations have

similarly develOped weapons Cf great destruction. These

factors have become a matter of great concern to those whose

0 V

serve the democracy for which we

reSponsitillty it is to pr

0

so thoughtfully and effectively, and sometimes harshly fou3ht.
fie, as a nation, are completely aware that our survival can
no longer be tantamount to our saying that we are remove‘
from the other nations of the world. Je know that our safety
depends not only upon our immense, and sometimes fierce,
striking power and its incumbent retaliatory measures a3a'nst
any nation so thoughtless as to provoke a nuclear war, but
we also know that our survival depends upon develOping a kind
of amicable society among other nations that will provide for
our security.

however, throu3h our long history we have been a practi-

081 people. We know full well that while trust begets trust,

it is sometimes folly to believe ‘hat other nations are not
so sound economically or politically to prevent acts of a3res-
sion from occurring. Therefore, mindful that we are not only

vulnerable, but possibly a future tar3et of nuclear warfare

1".)

0‘ peeple s

U)
9.7

H

with the intendent destruction of many millio;

well as our physical complex, we have found need for a pro-

oram that will provide for the survival of many people who

s.)
might otherwise become the victim of such a holocaust. Too,

we need to provide a prorram that will enable survivors to

recoup their losses and to rebuild America.

Unfortunately, America’tenos to become cognizant of dan-

\

gers only when a crisis is imminent. do well renewser the

kfi

rationing of Jorld.

“a“y
Li‘ 5‘

n» millions

U

fully crushed, the trial blacsouts of our he
"‘3' " _. n “j ‘3 ’3 301.11%- ’ "" ') w" ‘r1,,x‘ r310 " '3 :1 ‘1 1

tuis was inn,:icsu u oi inn.lui,Jc anon Cl nor
c‘ 710 "5 Cm 1' 6%" 4‘ L -; r, "“rr 1 3c 1 '1
quL~LJ (2.1. UV-CLl 911.1 CCJLlU I: J—LJ. UM (lbd , I'- [J
33t the need for or‘Jarev' as against a cost
nant source of destruction devises by ideolo

zaticm1s Cw otiwar tuitiorns of“ thta IO
"nou.fi1:at tines nEMIine overfixmues

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C; peac

(A

 

commit,e5 to the Communist doctrine as indie
chi in his book, Iiow To Tie Good Communist
thet is the most I"u iznuonoal and cornon dut
tiist'anIurT me flatrsi’ .As LJJcru‘“oc"l<ncve' it

the pro

“v . a. .‘ M.
C. simufli $11.1 ,

world." (U2: 37) 'his most certa

I
.o—

continual alertness on the part c

C'c“
L30

The state of readine

eseu

on the

6 world in

inly provio

f our natio

‘J

non-military defense forces necessita ea oy
world tensions oocassioneo Pre sident John I.

r" h
‘ C;

.“ecuoije Crder IO 7

Prior to desailing our current Civi Le
however, let us tale a loo at the historica
veIOphcnt of Civil Lofense in the United Sta

of tin cans care
mes, and yet all

ated

which states:

'\T

of

is to establish

to a Communist

reason for

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0.

con military and
our mo«.1ern day
Eennenv to is-
hich called for
uDU* the t.ta
f«ense pro ram,

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Late Sips of Projectile Liles Liles
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1§SL Lcmtin: PlancS'

ficfueled from
Hart' 8 st any emphasizes four aspects of the atomic crisis:

fine power to destr oy has been in-
creasing more and more rapidly. This

has been true for centnri s, but in re-

cent eecades, the Speedup has increased
to a point where civilization is menaced.
The evidence supports predictions by
iinstein and other atomic scientists that
citie es of warring nations may be practic-
ally wiped out , and that large fractions
of national populations may be extermi-
nated. Conceivably, the disorganization
resulting from such disasters might mean

-6-

the complete breakdown of world civili-
zation. But the menace is not merely
the atomic bomb. It is rather the ac-
celerating prosress in all aspects of
destructive technolOgy and in scientific
knowledge of plant, animal and human
diseases. This study has shown that
various trends of destructive power can
be described mathematically, and can be

predicted with measurable reliability.

The power to control such destruc-
tive forces has also been increasing
over the centuries, -ut at only a tiny
fraction of the speed with which de—
structive power has grown.

This lag of social control behind
accelerating destructive power must be
overcome if our civilization is to sur-
vive and progress.

Cnly a swift upsurge in the effec-
tiveness of social science seems likely
to bridge this gap of cultural lag.
Pregress in science has produced the
Industrial devolution, which has resulted
in doubling and redoubling of the real
income of American and other workers of
the Jestern world. It has brought con-
quests of disease which have produced
doubled and redoubled extensions of life
expectation in American and nuropean
countries. dherever the scientific
method has been fully developed, and
brought to bear upon basic human prob—
lems, the solution of the problems has
surged forward to new levels of achieve-
ment and success. . .Evidence has been
found which points toward the possibil-
ity that the needed upsurge may be
achieved in time to bridge the other-
wise fatal gap between destructive tech-
nolosy and social control. (2bzh—S)

The salvation of the free world depends upon prepared-
ness, upon an understanding of people whose hearts are ded-

icated to freedom through understanding and not an ability

to promote those mechanizations that could lead to world de-
struction. However, alertne s to danger is a small price to
pay for indifference and lethargy.

(‘1 "0 J-

statement 01 the Problem:

 

The introduction of nuclear weapons into modern warfare

1

nt about an entirely new concept in the area of

decent testimony before the Hebert Committee, (A House

of deeresentat ves Sub-Committee) by Secretary of Lefense
Robert hcfiamara cited the following:

Indeed, in the absence of adequate fall-
out shelters, an active defense might

tion of the population surviving an ”all

out” nuclear attack. (19:6Lo-6bd)

LJ

Acditional testimony of more than 100 expert witnesses

.5

including our top nuclear scientists, Joi.t Chiefs-of—Staff,
Religious leaders, and political leaders gave overwhelming
evidence of the immediate need for a strong national Civil
befense Program.

As a nation we have always held to a posture of strong
armed forces but have never really had to face a situation
in which a well-disciplined civilian force would operate in
an emergency situation. Obviously, if nuclear holocaust
should be the fate of our modern world, then that nation
which has the protection and organization of resources avail—

able to facilitate recovery will be the v o"orious force.

_‘

Eor the last thirteen years the United States Govern-

H.

C

O

ment has had in Operation either an Cff of Civil Defense
hanagement, or a bepartment of befense Crganization geared
to the organization and training of the American public to-
ward survival in the event of a national emergency.

This paper deals with the training program of these
agencies and more Specifically its current program. To date,
these two organizations, the latter replacing the first in
lQCl, have seen little if any results in terms of attitud—
inal changes as a result of training.

In a recent publication on Civil Defense research, it

mas state‘ that,
A very important result of our surveys
is the clear indication that public at-
.L.
U

itudes about nuclear disaster and civil
defense are unstable. (27:?)

This article further alluded to the fact that the survey
showed very few peeple with training in terms of current
knowledges in the area of nuclear weapons and effects.

In the reorganization of the Civil befense area, under
the Lepartment of Defense, immediate concern was projected

in the area of training and information o the American pub—

*‘b

one

lie. The lational Shelter Program calling for the identiii-
cation, licensing and provisioning of ZhO million shelter

Spaces for the American pepulaticn was begun in 1962. This

‘

program has now established 70 million spaces which w'll be

entified 22

H.
C.

operationally ready in June, 196b, and further

_ 9 _

million Spaces to be ready three or four months later. An
integral part of the National Shelter Program was the train-
ing of over 750,000 Shelter managers and 750,000 radiologi-
cal monitors to staff these Spaces in emergency situations.

How could such a massive training program be instituted
when to date little if any motivation was found on the part
of the public to learn about the area of Civil Defense?

The Lepartment of Defense, after lengthy discussion felt
that Civil Defense could best be served by acquiring a new
training image. With this in mind Universities or University
Extension programs in all 50 states were contracted to pre-

w

ivil Defense train-

(3

sent in cooperation with State Cffices of

ing courses for instructions of daeiolorical honitors and

Shelter hanagers. The hope of the Department of Defense be—
ing that the prestige of.the institutions of higher learning
would lend itself to recruitment and motivation of instruc-
tors of a calibre that would create a cadre of well informed
leadership in the Civil Defense area.

Personnel from each institution contracted for the pro-
gram were given a six-week training pregram in Battle Creek,
Michigan, and then returned to their individual states to
initiate this training pregram.

In view of the development of these facts, it seems

1..
|

vital o appraise the current status and development of this
program in its first year in-quest of answers applicable to
the goals of any national training program of the American

public.

11, . :1
inereiore,

it will be the sxecific purpose of this study

1. neview and analyze the pregram of the Florida Insti-
tute Tor Continuing University Studies - University

Civil Lefense jxtension in terms of:

A.

The goals and purposes of the University Civil
Defense Extension Pregram as established b
so Department of Defense, Cffice of Civil be-
fcnse in conjunction with the University Civil
Defense thcnsion Committee comprised of Uni-

versity Personnel.

The goals and purposes of a mass training pro—
gram.

The characteristics of participants in the

program in terms of:

1. Age

2. Sex

3. harital and Family Status

h. Occupation

S. Tenure in Position

6. Humber of years of formal school training
7. Prior Civil Defense training

8. Civil Defense Affiliation

9. Participation in community activities

_ 11 _

10. Knowledge of their purpose in partici-

ino in the Instru tor Training Pro-

.3

P33

f?“
'..L

’
\__/

am.

9

ll. anwledge of and agreement with the 0‘-
jectives of the University Civil Defeise
thension program established by depart-
ment of LGLOHSO, Cffice of Civil Defense
and the University Committee.

Q. factors motivating participation in the Uni-

versity Civil Defense jxtension program.

ors which have accelerated or inhibited

C‘i‘

a. Eac
the instructions in Shelter hanagement and
Radiological Lonitoring courses by partici-

pants upon completion of instructor training.

F. Curricular content as Viewed by participants.
G. Recruitment processes as viewed by partici-
pants.

II. Recommend methods of improving and stimulating'Uni-
versity Civil Lefense dxtension pregrams on the ba-

is of needs defined by participants in the program.

.L

U)

I. That a more accurate picture of the University Civil
Lefense Extension can be Secured by having partici-

pants involved evaluate it.

II. That current goals for the University Civil iefense

anteneion Pro ram as perceived by Cffic

a)
O
f‘ '3
t l
f—Jo
:1
H

Le" ease and University personnel can be deterL‘rLined.

III. That current thinkin: on mass tlm ainin , in terms
of éoals and purposes can be esta Llishe d.

IV. Ti;at data collection inStruL nts can be devised to
secure the necessary data as set forth in the pur-

pose of this study.

 

I. This s cuLF will be confined to the Universit‘ Civil
Lef eLse extension Program of the Florida Institute

for COHUIEM‘ mi Universit' Studies.

II. This study will involve a contract period oe;inning

in 1 )b3 and endin“

.LJ

III. The data reported will involve only the participants

C'f'

enrolled in the formal falfllll a program.

1:.)

IV. Pertinent relationships ano interpre 'ations will be

pointed out in terms of the purposes of this stud

Jodi

nitions:

H.

 

PARTICIPART -- Any person enrolled in a class offered by

 

the University Civil befense jxtension Program during the per—
iod covered by this study.

’1 ‘ “- m 7' {1 T" "‘ ‘ ’YV'W j_‘r"r f? ‘1 “L x 7'1, #71 C 5'. P C m "'3 .'. '.; ‘1 ' V .' ‘
L IJJAeIll CIJIL omsahee eniiueI L ridden —- extenSICn

 

courses offered in the areas of hadiolc ical Lonitoring and

Shelter hanagement Instructor Training.

CIVIL LSRELSfl —— eranized government in action during

 

an emergency situation.

‘ 1" ~ fi' "' a 7~.'7:1f‘1"':"' "rm :1 "T: '1 r1 ‘. 'n%' Y 1' ’1 -.--1-- ? ‘1“"‘= :11 Q. 7171”” _--
:‘I:C XII/:1 Jamallfb' i.» ng. \JCl‘-.'.L ILL Ira LL‘1I-JVLHJLCIIY VIC; la:- —-

 

The University Extension Branch in the State of Florida.

JALICLCGICAL LCLITCRIEG PCB IHSTEUCTCRS -- A course do-

 

signed to train instructors of Radiological Konitors.

\ "7 [fl 2‘ ',\h' 1 $~T L" r“ :1? .' .‘TT."' 1"] "‘1 ;\ '- -'. {'1 7'7' I‘fl j “,C‘ A : r _0 ,-~- , ‘
EnflLlefi Lauhuireni UCn ILDIJUDICQQ —- a course CUSLQHGQ

 

to train instructors of fallout shelter managers.

 

Eiflnificanco of tne study:
w
Civil pefense has been an often malipned and de-empha—

sized area and yet becomes increasingly important to our na-
tional survival. Public consensus points to Federal leader—
ship in both the building of shelters and training of person-
nel in the Civil Lefense Pregram.

The writer has pointed up the concern on the part of our
Federal Government for information and training in this area.
This paper will deal with a preposed five-year program in
which approximately twelve and a half million dollars will be
Spent on the training of personnel for Radiological and Shel-
ter staffing.

It is the contention of this investigator that a program
funded through the Federal Government and handled by the Uni-
versity can meet tais demand.

Eigures are available, and will be presented in this

paper, to show our current and projected demands for trained

nse Pe onnel. i“ne writer proposed that this pro—

.1.

gram was meeting these demands and taat train ed instructors

were returnin

to their local areas to train those needed to

realize the Objectives of the pregram.

All of us are aware that Russia, Germany, Sweden and

other gurOpean countries have mandatory Civil lefense pro-

grams and

a cnalle mze for our institur

:1
.L

f—J

naps o L

cratic soc

Procedure

0 O 1 O

are far anead in tra iL Liing such personnel. This is

H-
0

ns of nil her learnin‘ and, per—

(3
*3‘

ea' t si nifican nce, our trainin; methoes in a demo—
iety.

and hethodology:

 

I.

’V‘W‘

ii.

a earch of the literature was completed.

Tnc primary data for this study was obtained by

means of a oucstionnaire type surve3 , distributed

to all participants involved in the 1963-196b Uni-

versity Civil Defense Instructor Training courses.

A. A questionnaire was constructed to obtain in-
formation in accordance with the go Leral pur-
pose of the stud;. Criteria, selected from
literature on educational research procedures
guided the investigator in questionnaire con-
struction. A sample form of the instrument

was presented to Harold J. lillon for evalu-

graduate

ation by him as well as members of

seminars in Adult no ducation. All groups were

III.

bi)

asked to evaluate the instrument in terms o

stated purposes. These recommendations and

suggestions were then applied in constructing
the final instrument.

5. This questionnaire was used to secure reaponses

from the followino groups: Radiological honi—

Q

.,

toring Instructors ano Shelter hanagement In-
qtructors.

C. The data obtained from the survey instrument
were tabulated on a data processing card and

V V

were sorted cv macnine. Upon sorting, charts
were drawn from data according to the range of
frequency and relative importance of each item.
These data were further studied to determine
whether they substantiated factors as set forth
in the proposal.

a list of the central purposes and goals of the Civil

Lefense extension program was synthesized from author-

itative sources in the field. This list served the

investigator in both the thesis body and construc-

tion of the questionnaire.

Lists of participants, university officials and Civil

Defense officials, with addresses, were secured.

Covering letters, where needed, were sent out over

the signature of Harold J. Lillon.

V.

Other information required for this study was se-
cured tv means of an interview with those person—
nel whose contribution was relevant to the study.
Results were interpreted and analyzed, relationships

appraised, conclusions prawn and implications de-

scribed.

 

4_VI J CE T13 LII‘LAPUnJ

 

-

1n reviewin3 the literature, the author found a 3reat
need for additional researc 1 and stud3. Without the wealth

of pamphlet mat erial issued by 3overhment a3encies and tes-

y.
I

timony given before various committees, there would certair1l3
be little to offer in the Civil Lefense area.

Lodern war has fathered the phen menon of Civil Lefense
as it now exists for an age when an entire world is a bat tle—
ground. (37) At a time when a world could be obliterated
overnight concepts of shelter, protection, radiation buildup
and such other terms must be carefully scrutinized and under-
stood.

Civil Lefense in its modern form is basically an out-
growth of the experience of Jorld War II. "Lodern civil de-
fense had its conception during Jorld War II when the civil-

ian areas of in 3land became tar ets for Na 21 air-raids and

I

T. H. O'Brien commented with reference to the origins

o“

buzz bomb attacks." (31:;

of civil defense in Britain:
"Civil Defense" had origins of a kind dur-
ing 1913-1916, a long period of desultory
consideration in the 920's and 1930's a
new practical application after 1C 35, a
more rapid peacetime <3rowtn durin3: and
after the Lunich crisis and a continuous
rnodifioation in the lon3 3ears 1C 39- -l9u5.
(372AV1)

_ 17 -

_ 15 _

Althcu3h still not accepted in the minds of many people,
J. h. Hancoca has said:

The advent of a fourth service, ”Civil"
by designation yet destined to, in all
probability take permanent place along-
side the three fi3htin3 services, is an
historical theme of exceptional impor-
tance. (37:1)

Civil defense in the United States has hit depths as on
Lay 2, 1935, when President Harry S. Triman issued a statement
of termination of the Cffice of Civilian befense.

This chan3e does not in any reSpect los-
Sen the need for volunteer efforts in
our states and communities. State and
local 3overnments are fully aware of
their continuin3 reSponsibilities, and

I am sure that we can depend upon their
Knowledge and the patriotism of the mil-
lions of volunteers to continue the war
jobs in which the whole nation has had
to be trained. Protection volunteers,
such as auxiliary firemen and police—
men, workin3 with state and local 30v-
ernments have done a ma3nifieent job
throu3h their defense councils in or-
ganizing to protect the nation a3ainst
the threat of enemy action, sabotage,
and other war hazards. Civilian War
Services volunteers have likewise ren-
dered invaluable assistance.

The millions of volunteer workers
throu3hout the nation, 3ivin3 freely of
their time, have been basic to the strength
of our democracy. I know they will will-
ingly continue to serve. Under General
Haskell's able direction the CCo has pro-
vided needed assistance to the defense
councils and volunteers in carryin3 on
their important work in advancing the
war effort on the home front. (“0:30-31)

The Honorable W. Stu

£0

rt Symin3ton submitted a plan for

'\

or3anizin3 the civil defense 01 the United states to President

C'

’1
-1\«-
/

harry S. Truman on September t, 1950, which said in part:

Adequate civil defense will require the
interest and effort of hundreds of thou-
sands of our people, contributed for the
most part on a voluntary basis. (33)

Civil defense underwent its period of establishment dur-
in3 the 1950's as indicated by the followin3 extracts from
letters, Speeches, etc.:

Let me warn you a3ain that there is no
such thing as bargain basement prepar-
edness or escape from the hard realities
of the time. There are no short cuts to
civil defense preparedness. It is a
tough, unpleasant but grimly necessary
job.

Fortunate y, civil defense is in the Amer-
ican tradition, dating back to the fron—
tier days when all members of every family
had a task to do in defending their homes
and their stockades from maraudin3 savages.

( 1—2-9 )
Cn the first anniversary of civil defense, President Truman
made the above statement to the press. Ln April 2;, 1952,

in a letter of transmittal of the first annual report by the

-.

federal Civil Lefense Administration to the Congress of the
United States, President Truman stated:

jveryone in this country-—all of us--must
face the fact that civil defense is, and
will continue to be, just as vital to
American security as our Armed Forces,
our defense production, and our aid to
allies and friends abroad. (20)

1

President disenhower, in an address before the General Assem-

bly of the United Nations, said:

_ go _

. . .atomic bombs are more than 25 times

as powerful as the weapons with which the
atomic age dawned, while hydrogen weapons
are in the ranges of millions of tons of

TET equivalent. (1C)

In his State of the Union Lessage to the thth Congress, Pres—

ident hisehhower declared:

Cur civil de ense is a key element in the
protection of our country. We are devel-
oping cooperative methods with State 30v-
ernors, mayors, and voluntary citizen

groups as well as amon3 federal a3encies,

in buildin3 the civil defense organization.
Its significance in time of war is obvious,
its swift assistance in disaster areas last
year proved its importance in time of peace.

(lc)

stated in a messa e to the Senate on Au3ust 25, 1959:

. . .alon3 with our military defense and
retalitory forces, civil defense and de—
fense mobilization are vital parts of the
nation's total defense—-t03ether they
stand as a stron3 deterrent to war. (17)

The early years of 1960 saw a continuation of emphasis

J

on the program of civil defense. At a Jhite House Conference

on Fallout Protection in January of 1960, Christian A. Herter

said:

A vital part of our military strength
for peace must be an effective civil
defense program which, in conjunction
with our retaliatory capacity, creates

a strong deterrent to possible enemy at-
tack upon the United States. If, dCSpite
our earnest efforts at the negotiatin3
table and our defense preparations, we
should nevertheless be subjected to nu-
clear attacw, civil defense and measures

for 1allout proteCtion 01fer the most
praCticable and leasible means of sav-
in3 the reatest number of lives. (29)

.f‘
4.

1-“.-1 _'_ ‘ ‘ ;_ o ‘ AA ,3,
o‘olpCI‘rCm‘CSJ GUCCI/“JIM“... “1.3

 

civil de-

“5

and Survival, it was indicated that the problem o

 

fensc is not one of savi1: everybody in the event of attack.
People cau3ht 1n the direct path of a nuclear weapon would not
survive. The majority of the casualties in a nuclear attach
would be suffered amen“ persons not d11CCt1 hit by the bombs.
Lany of these casualties ni3nt be avoided 11
were provided with moderate ShieldinT a3ainSt fallout, emer-
3ency food and medical supplies, instructions on how to avoid
unne cessary exposure in contaminated areas, and other ciV11-
defense measures whicn are within the realm o1 ieasieili'“.

’7 J

bQiSG to prepare a program

E)

(EC) It is the task of civil d
which will accomplish the objeCt Miv of minimizing the effects
of a nuclear attacm.

of annilation by nuclear weapons is with us

"3‘11 I_Tfl 1’3
.1. .10 LL 1 C a

to stay. Home ver, fear tactics have now wiv n atay to sound
planning as indicated by John E. Lennedy in bis me says to

Con3ress on Ur3ent Lational Leeds in Lav of 1961.
the major element of the national secur-
113 pro3ram whicn this nation has never
scuarely faced up to is civil deiense. . .

0

civil defense can be j sti1iab lo as insur-

ance for the civilia1 population in case

of an enemy 1scaiculation. . .tne re is no

point in de1a3 in the i1itia tion of a na-

tio1ncide lxn13-rmn13e pix: ram.ch; ideritif3 ir13

present fallout shelt'ar capacity and pro—

vitfl113 s1111teI‘ in {MN} and.(utistinn3 struxr-
CaI’US . (:32)

S

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of attack and at least partially effec—
tiJe a3ainst 1ost ferns of attack We can
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a1e t . civ 'c's ”‘ *"
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Luriu; ufllo perice seae es were Lulbl bBU ed p46 Jar

4:1

separtmeet CiVil geiense Beard to determine the iature of

civil defense.

flee final report of tais Beard acccrdimg to the publi—
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his Beard, representing the View of the Armed service

0)
u

“ '1

recognizes ans emphasized the principle that civil defense

“ility of civil government." (Lh:15)

’

-4

the Latieaal Lilitarv 3statlisa-

U

I

and an Lffice

D. 1

meet (new tee separtmeet Cf calense) wa create

CI)

of Civil geiense Planning was eseaolisned witnin the ffice

C‘.

of tne Secretary of Defense. This Cillce continued and ex-

tended civil defense p annin; and produced a report, Ci/i il

[-
3
C]
T)
f-
n
H
r-
H.
H
(
O
O
W
f—o
C":
i

, commonly Known as tne hopley
neport. Ine fiopley deCFt iacilitated tne nOJeme nt of the

J

Cerense program to tne Lational Security Resources

(3
Ho
(l
H.
H

Board in Larcn of lvav-

— — I n O 0

il defense renainee unoer tne JuPlSdi iction oi the

H
(i

Lational Lecurity nesources board until 19:0

*1

Cn Septe :ber C, 1330, J. Stuart Symington, Cnairman of

or of transmittal along I-Jitn the an-

d-

Tue Board, issued a let
,. - - , v.L n -1,‘ . ‘ - 1 j .
nual report 01 tne groap wnicn reao.

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iii”). ilc, LIL in $13.1: 11.31-1111 D i.1U1‘_;L‘..‘ ,

 

O
J o Inite Touse
“_nfi Li. Pijéiuigf: I sat1it to “ou
cerewitn a plan for orjanizin; tn,
civil defense of the United states.

ade quate civil defens
quire tne intereSt a "
dress of tnousands o
ri uted ior t1e mos
tary LaSiS.

Tnese citizens will get little
material return. Tneir interest and
effort at this time, however, will be
totn wise and prudent, because until
eii‘ective international cor ntrol exists
over tne use oi modern weapons which
can devastate our towns and cities, we
must put into action tnose precaution-
ary measures which past experience and
new tests have snown would save tnou-
sands of lives in case of attaon.

_ 25 _

Such a pro ram is needed. It will
b-e (expen sive. Je a3re vnareirrg Ofl the
budget details of that cost, and will
present them to you for your considera-
tion s soon as they are available.

fhis report provides an outline of
the organization and technioues which
should be developed by the state and lo-
cal comuan ities on whom re the primary
reSponsibility for civil c ‘ e

C) C)

The plan presented here builds upon
the wartime experience of Great Britain
and Germany, as well as upon previous
plannin3 undertaken bV arencie s of the
United Statrg s Governznent. In particular,
it embraces mate ial iron the report on-
titled ”‘ivil L31en3o for Rational Se-
curit3” (Lopls3 neport) issue ed by the
hepartme nt 01 perense.

Contributions to this report have
been made by man3 itficivic uals, repre-
senting a number Ci 1ederal age“ ncies;
and also by organizations outside the
UCVB rnnent. To all these people we ex-
press our appreciation.

The plan recommends a basic civil
defense law, the establishment of a Civil
pefense Administration, and the appoint-
ment of an Administrator.

It is our hope these steps will he
taKen promptly, in order that the Fed-
eral Government may exercise stron; and
eiiective leadership in acquainting the
people of the United States with the
great and growingi importance 01 this
branch of the national securit3 program--
Civil Defense, a program which, to be
successful ”will require the c00pera-
tion of every man, woman, and child in
this Nation.”

inspectfully submitted.

'd. etuart e3m1nrton,
3gairtr an

luiTIChnL :33 oiJiI£Y'3LflXJJdCJ$ Exn113 (33)

l
1“.)
C\

l

The List Con3ress, in 1950, passed Public Law C75 known
as the hational oisaster Act. This ori3inal Act was broad in
scope and included most any type of a major disaster such as
flood, drought, fire, hurricane and many others.

Public Law 923 was also passed in 1950 and was Known as
the Federal Civil Lefense Act.

Both Public Law 923 and Public Law C75 provided that all

vide their resources and personnel to assist CiVll governments

1n em es. The Lireotor of the Federal Civil befense

[—10

C)

rgenc
Administration (ECLA), created b3 PL 920 was charged w1tn the
administration of both PL 920 and PL 875.

The Eederal Civil Lefense Administration was created,
with Lillard R. Caldwell, foraer governor of Florida, as Ad-
ministrator. In January, 1951, Congress under Public Law
920, gave the Federal Civil Defense Administration the re—
Sponsibilit3 of conceiving and 3uidin3 the passive defense
of this nation.

.1

33 late 1951, most major ci'

ies had developed in‘ivid-
ual civil defense programs, and some states were considering
legislation for state-wide programs.

In Karon of 1053 former governor Val Peterson of Rebraska,
who had wide experience in disaster relief as well as World
'flar II, military experience was appointed Administrator by

President disenhower. Earlier that same year, the Federal

Civil Lefense Administration was also given the task of co-

'1

ordinating the work of all Federal agencies n Natural Lis-

Ho

1

aster relief under tne Federal Lisaster Act, Public Law 875.

In 1955 Public Law 920 was amended to contain the fol-

lowing:

1. It provided for the establishment of a civil de—
fense or3anization in each state, territory, de-
pendency, the District of Columbia, and the Com-
monwealth of Puerto Rico.

2. It directed the entities to extend their civil de—
fense to include their own political subdivisions
in the civil defense pr03ram.

3. Declared the policy and intent of Congress and de-
fined civil defense.

Title I presented the organization of the Federal Civil Le-
fense Agency. Title II detailed the functions of adminis-
tering the civil defense program. This included:

1. Preparation of national plans and programs for the
civil defense of the United States.

2. Lelegation of appropriate civil defense reSponsi-
bilities to other departments and agencies of the

Fedtral Government.

3. Providing of communications networks and dissemir-
ation of attack warnings to the civilian population.
h. Study of and development of measures designed to af—

ford adequate protection of life and property.

5. Conducting training, organizing and operating schools,
paying prescribed travel expenses and subsistence
and quarters and leasing of property.

6. Publicly disseminating civil defense information by
all appropriate means.

7. Encouraging negotiation of interstate civil defense

compacts.

t. Procuring materials and facilities for civil de-
fense .
9. hating financial contributions, on the basis of Ped-

erally approved pregrams or projects for civil de-
fense purposes.

10. Arranging for the sale or disposal of materials and
facilities found to be unnecessary or unsuitable for
civil defense purposes.

ll. Authorizing contributions for personnel and adminis-
trative expenses.

Title III identified and defined what constituted a national
emergency for civil defense purposes, outlined the use of the
resources of Federal agencies at the direction of the Presi—
dent and Spelled out the emergency powers of the Federal Gov-
ernment during such emergency.

Title IV described additional administrative authority given
to the administration for the purpose of carrying out his
powers and duties. (re)

By 1955 every state had passed legislation to establish

civil defense organizations. In addition virtually every

city and numerous counties and rural communities had set up
local civil defense organizations. In most states, terri-
tories and possessions, civil defense ;forces Ivere authorized
by law to provide rescue, relief and other passive measures
in times of natural disasters. (5:27—31)

In July of 1957 former Iowa governor, Leo A. Hoegh, also
a Norld Jar II officer, became administrator for The Federal

Civil Defense Administration. By the Reorganization Act of

1’
a

July, lQSo, the FCQA and the Cffice of Defense Hobilization
(CUL) were merged in the dxecutive Lffice of President

")

disenhower as the Cffice OI Civil and Lefense hobilization
(CCLR). By Executive Order, the President delegated to the
Director, CCph, the authorities and responsibility for ad-
ministering these two 1aws—-the Civil Defense Act and the
natural pisaster Act.

Tne Cffice of Civil and Defense Mobilization, an agency
of the Executive Cffice of the President, was directed by Leo
A. Hoegh, former administrator of the Federal Civil befense
Administration. "”he mission of the Cffice of Civil and Le-
fense Lobilization," as described by Lirector Hoegh, "is pro-
tection of life and property by preparing for, and carrying
out, non—military functions and the mobilization and manage-
ment of resources and production.” (36)

Although the reSponsibility for civil defense prepara-
tions was shared by Federa1,'state and local governments,

the Office of Civil and Defense Lobilization was primarily

reSponsible for direction and coordination of these prepara-

tions, along with providing essential Federal aid. Resources
which would become the direct respons ib ilitv of the Cffice of

Civil and Defense Lobilization in a national emergency (such

as nuclear attack or large scale natural disaster) included

.‘

non-military manpower, finished goods and raw materials, the

facilities for production, transportation and telecommunica-

1

tions, ju<i

1

essential for the recovery of tne nation. Dur-

(L

G

F,‘
I)

{‘1'

ing the same session of Congress, in which the federal UlVil
nefense Administration and the Cffice of befense hobilization,
were combined to form the Office of Civil defense Mobiliza-

D

This law greatly amplified the authority Oi

\(3

tion, Public Law see was enacted. (3
the Agency
to make grants to the states and through the states to the
local governments to pay half the cost of civil defense ac-
tivities, mate rials and equips ent. The Office of Lefense
hobilization and its predecessor, Federal Civil Lefense Ad-
ministration, contributed appro; im nately 10 0 million dollars.
The new law also permitted contributions for certain civil
defense personnel and administrative costs including travel

and per diem expenses of students in approved civil defense

[—1
(I)

study courses and for approved civi def nse equipment and

ce of Civil be—

l—lo

supplies. The law also authorized the tff
fense hobilization to obtain and distribute to the states

detection instruments and Kits and protective masxs for train-

in: and use against radiological and gas warfare. The fin an-

s.)

C 1
0
$13
0)
H
U3
0

cial aid was set up on a fifty-fifty share the cos'

Crganization:

 

V

The Cffice of Civil at1d Lefense ioeili zation c direct y
under the “acutive Office of the President ard because of tnis

and the need of being in close proximity to the other federal

8.in

\J

'1
J

icies, Governor hoegh directed the A ency from a national
headquarters in flashirgton, L. C. Tb e ope erational headquar-
ters was located in battle Creek, Lichigan, in a well equipped

building which w s formerly the Percy Jones Hospital. The

90

field organization was composed of eight regional offices,
eacn com113anded by a regional director who, in his region,
acted for the national director. These offices had been care-
fully diSpersed to locations to provide maximum safety from

J-‘,

the effects of an attack upon this country.

The Iational Plan:

 

Any organization or service which was prepared at all
times to provide assistance in emergencies must necessarily

have operated accordin“

Q to a plan. The former National Plan
governed all emergency actions and was virtually the Comnzan-
der-in-Cnief's order given in advance.

Af er the merger and the UawaOhb of PL 606 in late,
the hational Plan for Civil nefense and Lefense Lobilization
was issued with the following statement signed by the Presi-
dent:

It is the clear and unequivocal position
of the United States that conflict and

disagreement among nations should not be
resolved by the use of force. The United

32-

States will continue through all avail-
able channels to attempt resolution of
disa 3re emes nts by all means that will al-
low peace witn honor. Nevertheless, so
long as direct or indirect aggression is
used as an instrument of national policy
by any nation, common prudence requires
that every effort be made to protect the
people of tne United States by both ac-
tive and passive Loans of defense. Civil
defense and defense mobilization are vi-
tal parts of the nation's total defense.

The plan estaclisheo national non-L:ilitary courses of action
and the role of the Federal Government,
litical sub-divisions and the people. It anticipated three
principal contircencies: intc11ational tension, lin ited war
anc general war.

citizens

to

The HatiOnal Plan fixed the responsibilities 0
and 3cvernments at all levels for civil de"ense and Cefee m1 8
mobilization. A channel of coordination was established,
down which could be bPaM”“l ted instructions and up which re-
quests for assistance would be made. Particular actions for
protection of life and property were set forth including:
preiarations for continuity of 3cvernment, public informa-

'1

tion and education, r Mu tion 01 vulnerability, warnin3 of

(T)
(:

attach, preparations for damage assessment, communications,
maintenance of 3cve rnment, law and order, disaster services,
and emergency protection from delayed or unconventional weap-

ons effects includintg rad iolO3ical, bi0103ical and chemical

warfare a3ents.

_ 33 _

1 no

Uniform warnin3 signals were establisnec. There were
two courses of action which the public had to be capable of

ment to prepared

' .1
O
h;
re ,
H
to
"G
O
'3
m
o

executing. Cne was evacuatior

reception areas, if warnin3 time permitte', and takin3 shel-

'er if 1

.1

me and conditions did not permit evacuation. Tar-

I
H

get cities and other areas near assumed tar3ets were to ex-
ecute plans for either eventuality. The significant point
is that action to be taken was a local decision.

Radio103ical Lefense:

 

1 n

tanners 01 an attack by nuclear weapons
is radio—active fallout. When a nuclear bomb is exploded on
or near the earth, tons oi dirt and debris are drawn up into
the "mushroom” cloud. This material becomes radioactive and
dan3erous to people, animals, creps and water supplies. It
can be carried long distances by the winds, then dropped back
on cities, villages and Open Spaces. After exhaustive studies
and tests, the Administration had concluded that fallout shel—
ters offered the best single non—military protective measure
reatest number of people. In 958 the Eational Shel-
ter Policy was announced under which the Federal government
would:

S

(T

l. inform every American fully on the possible effeC‘
of nuclear attack and of the actions that he and

state and local governments could take to minimize

tt1en1,

J_ .

o [18

pand the

out radiation was init

make surveys of existin3 structures, particularly
in lar3er cities, to determine their shelter cap—
abilities,

accelerate research to show how shelter could best
be incor1ora ed ixilxyth existinggannltux: structures,
construct a limited nuzber of prototype snelters
which could have practical peacetime uses, and
incorporate fallout shelters in appropriate new

1ederal bu ildi .

Since a nuclear attack would pose radioactive fallout as

l.

3reatest post-attaca problem, a fOL r part program to ex-

nation' 8 capabil‘ty for dc to ctin;3 and measurin= fall-

a” d in 1958 throu3h:

Ho
(—1
(D

training federal, state, other rovern'ent personnel
and hi3h school science teachers,

equ ippi state and city civil de1 ense or 3anizations
with radiolO3ical instruments,

cquippin3 hi3h schools with kits of trainin3 instru-
ments by which over one million students a year

cou d learn the fundamentals of radioactivity, and
establishing fixed radiation monitoring capability
in 9&3 civil and milit tary weather stations throu: n-

out the nation.

(1 ‘ 1 ‘ 1’," 'V‘ , 0 I!_ -__ 1‘ _’ ‘1 .
state and Cemmuniey needs.

 

in

The authority for civil defense plannin3 and preparations

each state rested with the 3overnor. He appointed a state

\jl

civil defense director, actin3 as his coordinator, to carry

-'-r~
U0;

9.)
(D
m
H
0)
d.
D
:5

out this job. The director selectee a sea1: 01

experienced persons

H-

n such work as industry, medicine and

health, tranSportat ion, welfare, communications and so on.

Basic or3anization was drawn from State 3cvernment officials

n

who have counterpart peacetime” reaponsibili ie T1is stai 1

CC;
0

was often helped by an advisory committee of experts in each
activity. T030 fl1er they worked out tt1e state's emergency dis
aster plans and preparations, trained pro ms, and exercises

to test the plans.
Each cornu nity had a similar en1er3e1ncy disaster plan with

tne authority 3iven to the mayor, city nana3er, or other top

city official. ‘sually, a city civil defense director coor-
dinated this job with a staff made up mucn li;e the state

q

civil del ense office, but 3enerally with more persons to co

D

each cif ic job. As an exa .1ple , the city police chiei may
be in charge of all emer3e noy law-enforce1r ent actions, includ-
in3 the work of auxiliary organizations. The 1ire chief di-
rected fire fi3htin3 and rescue work, supported by trained
auxiliaries.

In several parts of the United States there were count ty
civil defense offices based on the authority of a board of
supervisors or county commission. They were especially in—
terested in rural civil eefense--pe0ple evacuated from en-

eanrered cities, housing and feedin3, the protection of farms

and livestock a3ainst radioactive fallout and emer3ency food

-35-

‘17

Continuity 01 Government:

 

The 1956 dational Plan for Civil Lefense recognized the
reSponsibility of all governments for the welfare and safety
of the people they governed. The government (of the nation,

a state, or a community) was obliged to protect the rights of
the people. Cne of the most important programs in which the

Cffice of Civil and Lefense Mobilization and state and local

governments were cooperating was ”Continuity of Government,"

or the preparations of governments to carry on during an ex-

treme emergency and provide leadership and protection for tne
people. This pregram had four main objectives:

1. to establish by law "successors in depth" for offic—
ials, legislators, jud3es and other government lead-
ers,

2. to provide emergency relocation sites for govern-

ments outside of potential dam 3e areas,

3. to arrange for safe storage of vital public records,
a n d
h. to prepare to use all government resources and em-

ployees in an emergency.

Comnunity Action:

 

Generally Speaking, evacuation and shelter (leaving an
endangered place or getting under cover) were the two tacti-
cal actions which people could tahe to survive an enemy attack

or natural disaster. 'dhether evacuation or shelter or both

I
kn)
\1

I

were part of a plan, depended on the area's location, resources,
nearby safe areas, and how far in advance warning could be giv—
en of an impending attach or natural disaster.

Ideal civil defense planning called for a threatened city

or state to be able to care for itself to the limits of its
resources; then to receive help, if available, from neighbor-
ing governments and when area resources were exhausted, from
the rederal government.

burin3 a natiOnwide emer3ency the tffice of Civil Lefense
Lobilization would have directed America's total resources and
the means to produce essential civilian survival materials, us-
ing broad powers to mobilize and shape those thin3s into a
single effort to restore the United States strength and hasten
recovery.,

The preceedin3 or3anization held firm until 1961. In Lay

OI 1961 President Kennedy eXpressed his concern for civil de-

fense in his message to Congress on Ur3ent National feeds.

 

the major element of the national
security which the Nation has never
squarely faced up to is civil defense.
This problem arises not from present
trends but from national inaction in
which most of us have participated. In
the past decade we have intermittenly
considered a variety of programs, but
we have never adOpted a consistent pol-
i y. Public considerations have been
largely characterized by apathy, indif-
ference and skepticism; while at the
same time, many of the civil defense
plans prOposed have been so far-reach-
in3 or unrealistic that they have not
gained essential support. (35)

Cn July 20, 1961, President John F. lennedy issued 3x—
ecutive Crder 10952, as sL 3nin civil defense functions to
the Secretary of Defense, effective August I, 1961. The or-
der also provided that the iire ctor, Office of Emergency Plan-
ning, would advise and assist the President in connection with
the total civil defense program and would be reSponsible for
the continuity of government programs at the Federal, state
and local level.

”hese recommendations were directly in accord with the
recommendations of P'rank B. dllis of the Cffice of Civil Le-
fense Ewe ilization. The July, 1961, executive Crder assigned

the following operational reSponsibilities to the Lepartment

 

of L‘efense:
CO the Secretary of aLefense.

 

(a) Except as hereinafter otherwise
provided and as is reserved to the
Cffice of Civil and Lefense Kobil-
ization in section 2 of this order,
the Secretary of Defense is dele-
gated all functions (including as
used in this order, powers, duties,
and authority) contained in the
Federal Civil Lefense Act of l0 150,
as amended (hereinafter referred
to as the Act), vested in me pur-
suant to deorganization Plan No. l
of 195C (72 :tat. 1799), subject
to the direction and control of the
Preside ent. Such functions to be
periormed by the Secretary of Le-
fense, working as necessary or ap-
prepriate throu3n other agencies
by contractual or other agreements,
as well as with State and local
leaders, shall include but not be
limited to the development and ex-
ecution of:

(i) a fallout shelter program;

(ii) a chemica , biological, and
radiological warfare defense pro-
gram;

(iii)a11 steps necessary to warn

or alert federal military and ci—
vilian authorities, State officials,
and the civilian population;

(iv) all functions pertaining to
communications, including a warn-
in; network, reporting on monitor-

ing, instructions to shelters, and
communications between authorities;

(v) emer;ency ssistance to State
and local governments in a post-
attack period, including water,
debris, fire, health, traffic, po-
lice, and evacuation capabilities;

(vi) protection and emergency Op—
erational capability of State and
local government agencies in keep—
ing with plans for the continuity
of government; and

(vii)programs for making financial
contributions to the States (in-
cluding personnel and administra-
tive expenses) for civil defense
purposes.
In addition to the iorevoin? the
Secretary shall:

(i) develop plans and operate sys-
tems to undertake a nationwide post-
attack assessment of the nature and
extent of the damage resulting from
enemy attaca and the surviving re-
sources, including systems to moni-
tor and report Specific hazards re-
sulting from the detonation or use
of Special weapons; and

(ii) make necessary arrangements for
the donation of Federal surplus prop-
erty in accordance with section 233

(j) (x ) of‘ tne Ifiadc I“a1 Prm4m3 rW 91nd
noniniStrative services not oi 1,19,
as ancnded (43 U.5.C. o31(j) (L),
subject to a pp icable limitations.
(gl:C-7)

Inc secretary o* Le1ense, fiotert Lclamara, established
within the Lepartment an Cffice of Civil Lefens e and desig—
nated itewart L. Pittman as Assistant Secretary of Leiense,

. . ’1 -. .\.

fl 3 ' ~ - 1‘ ~~\ < '. I‘ I '/\ ‘L ‘4‘ ~ -'- ‘ . ‘ r- -' a . D
Civil Le1ense. “r. P1etznan was then the estao11snee :1 ead 01

31 1 Lefense anx the reSponsibilities, funCtions, no ers,
and authority assigned to the Secretary of Lefense by Jnecu-

tiIe (r or lCC‘EE of July 2d, 1961, were refele ated to the
int secretary 01 Leiense. 1he Presicent s jxccutive
52 fixed the civil de-

1

fense functions and reSpons iLilities for other roderal ce-

Jn1s JCJC b, one 1.ecut1ve anC1 firtlv 11 d tne po-
sition of c1v11 cc1ense as a primary pocl of L1 Unitrad States
Government 1n LU“ pe miiod 1901-1963, and trou at about 1c is-

1.4
Q)

‘ive action and reorvanization of various prepram aspects
on a large scale.

In early lay of 19 L; the necretary of Lefense transferred
tne civil deLense program and the Cffice of Civil Lefense from
1 . J, , ,.

tment of Defense to the secretary of

was done because the civil defense program is now fully opera-
tional and has becote an inte;ra1 part of continental ce
mhe ‘el-ration and civil detense will retain its civil1an cnar—

actor. It will not to made a part 01

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oriented o’vil defense lcarlv a nec—

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SbaLi cclle e seexs to haJe Lduh CUSL MOM as a :raclaaie school

for advanced civil ee1e1se personnel. fhe schools in Cklahoxa,
Qalifornia, and Pennsylvania were for selected personnel con—
cerned with the trainin
state ano Lanicipal level.” (1:81)

These s hools offered a curriculum composed of several

onal technical

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or the tas1c staii colle*e CCEPSG

coarses in Atomic, Biological and enonical aspects of protec-

tion. The major emphasis in these schools was on teachin“

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oenized as :ar y as 1351 that civil oefense

Federal Civil Lefense Administration
training progr m on the malti—plas prin01ple; i.e., (tsat
ose woman or man tra 1:s ten and these ten each train ten more,

etc.” (1:21) This point is oeite sirnifioant in the 11;

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the fact tha‘ the carrert Un iversi‘y Civil ue“ense fixtensi n

program, some th

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in 1952 the schools in Ctlahoma and Pennsylvania were

closed due to a reduced badget for the 1933 fisca year and

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their stafis an

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ited to the Llneg, Laryland, school. In the

t-"

1952 Federal Civil Lefense AcWILi tration Annual Report, it

 

_L‘fi

is stated that . . .;,21o civil eeiense instructors had been

gracnated irom EULA training schools Since April, 1951. . .

nae conductee €53 local civil defiense scnools and coarse s. . .

C)

and graduated more than 2UJ,CUC stud nts ." (2:65)
In Jaly of 1};2, ”fhe Clney, Laryland, center was reor-
anizec and equipped for basic and advanced rescue teaining

nd rescae sqnaes.” (2:69) The school

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also renaincc the Ltai College for the Unitec States. The

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aeSLern fira1n1L3 ccnoel at so. Aary's, caliiornia, serves the
| " ‘fl “ 1'3 r I} \ 'I) ‘1 " t ‘1 r J- " ~ I V ’. "‘ 1'1' I' 1' . a" _ j ’3 ’ (- ‘ ‘ \‘ V‘ J" ‘6] 1 ‘ ,’ r

WJSBuru nali o1 tne coantr; and 3raenaeec 239 stdeents 1or tne

Luring the 1953 fiscal yr ar the Jestern Training School

at it. Lary's, California, VJaS closed and this left the Fed-

eral Civil Lefense Administration with the two
1 1‘ ' ' "w "

schools -— lne etaii Colle3o for Training in Civil sciensa

_11cm1rnA.traticn1 and Cgmara'io A3 and Hire fiescnu3.:criood__ior t‘iIin-

_1

in; in ‘ivil Lefense rescae operations an” related sKills.
in order that the reader may more clearly unders 'ar e the

functions of these two training schools, the following de-

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is of goals, courses and eli: ibili ity are stated from

the 1933 Tra i M1 3 Brocw1 re.
fhe course in ”Civil Lefense Admin-
istration and Cperations" is a one-week
course and is soincalee to begin on Lon—
day oi alternate weeks. For Specific
tartinj eates phone or write the Direc-
tor, Latio a1 Civil Lefe nse Training Cen-
ter, Llney, Larylane.

This course provides training for
e; se e210 cutives in tne Knowledge

and skills necessary to plan, organize
and administer broad overall civil ee-
fense pro5rams. It 's desifned to give

civil defense auniii Cr e personnel
the plan for civil defense in the Amer—
ican community, to present a fraie of
reference by which communities may meas-

ure for tnemselves their pregress in
civil defense development, and to indi—
cate sCe pm CQ'Lvlich any cxxmninity may'

develop a complete civil defense organ-
ization.

A variety of teachin3 methods is
used, includin3 discussions, demonstra-
tions, and problem-solving sessions of
several kinds. Abundant opportunity is
3iven for discussions of Special topics
as a uppl‘3’nt to tne required se Cssions,
and 10? a free exchange of state and lo-
cal experiences.

r

Tne attendance of women should be
eneoura3ed by State and local directors
because so lar5e a portion of the civil
defense load must be carried bJ wonien.

Ine objectives of the course are:
1. To show the role of civil defense

n the li nt of th- enan 3in3 inter-
national situation.

Ho

2. To present information on the na-
ture and scope of a probable on my
attack, including effects of such
an attack, on the local community.

3. To present principles of organiza—
tion and tra inin3 upon wnieh a com
munity may bui d its civil fie fense
program to fulfill its civil de-
fense mission.

a- To review the assistance that state
and local civil deiC wrs organiza-
tions may expect irom tne Hederal

GC VGI’LILI‘LB 11L 0

5. To develOp tne princ1ples of com-
mand and control in emrrencv op-
erations.

e. To provide Cnioi ‘ Cald and map
e"ercises and de ConSCrat ons an
introduction to one. Cr3ency opera—
tional problems.

7. lo present a set of criteria by
which the community may measure its
pro *r ess in the dev elepne nt of its
civil deiense pr03ram.

C. To indicate how to develop a soundly
phased plan for the further pr03ress
“CO qu.

In order to achieve these objectives,
th e course in "Civil Cefense Administra-
tion and Cperations' includes the follow-

in; subject :

l. The International Situation,
(Lecture - class discussion).

 

 

 

3. Recruitment, Trainin3 ab d Util-
iza ion of Jolu1nteeCrs, (Lecture -

 

C
C ass discussion — class commit-

warning and Connuricaticns,

 

"t

5. Principles oi Tactical Cperations,
(Lecture - demonstrationf.

 

0. Civil Defense Urban Analysis and
Principles of Ground Crganization,
TLecture — demonstration).

 

 

7. Cr3anization and Cperations in
éupport Areas, (Lecture - demon-
strations - class discussion).

 

 

6. Shelter, (Lecture - class discus-

sion}.

7. iCrpl (Lecture - class dis-
CLlS sij1). .

lO. Seneols in Civil Lefense,

 

ll. Post—Attack Cperational Prob-
lem, (Glass discussion - dem-
onstration).

 

" 1-... ,_
la. 11ercise.

l1. mes ue field Exercise.

 

lb. Lap 1xereise.

 

 

 

15. Cat; wr 1 L1 saster Pro3rams and
fheir {e la tions to Civil ne-
“ense.

 

lb. Review and Evaluation, (Round
table discussion.7

 

The Rescue Instructor Training Course
is of two weeks' duration. Courses are
scheduled to begin on Londay. For specific
starting dates phone or write the Director,
Rational Civil Lefense Training Center,
Clney, Laryland.

Instruction in this course is divided
into two phases. The first week is devote
to teaching and demonstratin3 rescue tech-d
niques, with opportunity for individual
practice by t11ose in attendance The sec-
ond week is devoted to tne practical appli-
cation of rescue work by full participation
and trainin3 in team leadership. The com—
ple tion of the two weeics' course will qual-
ify students to use hi 13nly specialized
equipment and special techniques for work-
in3 at extreme heights and depths in the
res cue of trapped victims.

Each student is given an Opportunity
to lead a squad into a dama3ed area, study
the problem and direct the squad in the
removal of casualties. The removal of cas-
ualties includes: their location in dam-
aged buildings; experience in breaching
and shoring walls; and tunneling throu3h

debris. Classroom instruction is held to
a minimum. jealistic ”down to earth” ac-
tivity sessions on the ”Rescue Ctreet" are
substituted for theoretical discussions.

The student starts the first day with
a visit to the "Rescue Street." This pro-
vides the student with an insight into the
problems of fire and rescue operations
wnich will be of immense help to him in or-
ienting himself to the course.

The descue Instructor Training Course
includes the following subjects:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Inspection of the descue Street.

2. Instruction Lethods.

3. Uses of Tools for A Rescue Squad.

h. Introduction to Rescue Operations.

5. Handling and Care of Ladders.

o. Handlirg of Casualties.

7. Carries and Pick-Ups - Improvised
btretchers.

C. Eire fi_hting.

 

 

ll. Lashing and 3i~~

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12. Squad Rescue 1xercises.

 

l3. Shorin33 Bracing and Breaching
’1"! a l 1 S o

 

 

lh. Planning a descue by dtages.
lS. Lamaze to Utilities.

 

16. Atomic Blast flfibcts.

\

 

 

sance and Location of
s

 

 

.. I") _
16.5urveying Larcage and Condition
01 Buildin3s.

 

19. Rescue from Leiints and Basements.

 

 

and uilc1n3 a Local
se ncscue Ccnool.

 

22. Practice field Teachinr and Leo-

1.1

23., Light fixercise.

 

ihe training schools re ained as situated until February,
~1cn the Staff College was s'1ifted to Battle CPGOK,

, with the Rescue School remaining in Clney, Laryland.
Throu3h the fiscal year 1955 as stated in the Federal Civil

Lefense Adm1n1stration Annual Report of that year, "a total

H.
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118d

H-

of 1,hC5 persons were tra making a grand total
of 12,395 trained since April Ed, 1991. " (5:C9)

It was duri13 the years 195fl-1953 that C.

I“

began pilot extension pregrams with various states 1n attempt—
ing to increase the total number of graduates availaele with-
in the general public.

Ln January 23, 1956, a nuC1olo ioal Le1ense School was

CC

ad ed to the Staff College site in Battle Creek, Lichigan,

and these schools, in additi on to the Clney, Laryland, school

romaine; in ope ation until the 195 reorganization and the

emergency of The Cffice of Civil Lefense Lobiliza Cion.

Under the new organization, the Rescue Instructor Train—

D i-“

1n; Lc11ool at Clney, Laryland, was closed at the end 01 the

_ 50 _

195” fiscal year. However, rescue training was shifted
the newly created Castern Instructor Training Center at
Brooklyn, Lew York, which opened June 9, 1953.

The Staff College and Radiological Lefense School at
Battle Creek, Lichigan, were continued and along with the

.astern Center and a fiestern Instructor Training Center,

1-.

opened July, 1960, at Alameda, California, have served to
this date as the training complex for the Cffice of Civil

Lefense lxuuagement anfiiiflu3 reorganized l.%fl_(LLfice of Civ’l

The basic goals of civil defense training and its prime
content have changed very little in this thirteen year per-
iod. The major changes have been to encompass the areas of
radiological defense and shelter planning as dictated by the
changing military technology.

f Civil Lefense fixtension Pro;ran:

Under President John P. hennedy's reorganization of civil

J
“:1

1e ense in 1961, the key element was cited as being a national

fallout shelter program.

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fhe 1ederal Government under the National Shelter Program

I.

Bet a goal of 2LO million shelter Spaces by 1968. With this

(.1-

goal as a direc'ion it soon became apparent that with the

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needed number of huil radi lo

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35 an cal monitoring capa-

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bility in each of these building

3, as well as fixed Federal

stations for monitoring, that the United States would need

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approximately 75' rained raCi ologieal monitors and an

equal number of trained shelter manurers.
*acea witi this awesome tear of trainin3, the Lepartment
Cl Lefense - Lffice of Civil Lefense be3an to evaluate all of

that had taken place preJiously and attempted to

In 1962 a committee of university personnel was asked to
serve as an advisory committee to study a course in Ledical

Sell Help to no offered through the bepartment 01 Health, id-

Le erse. {row tais coalittee came su ”estions for nandlin3
eivil defense courses unrou “he extension divisions of var-
ious Ltate uniJe sities. The L apart;m nt of Lefense - Cffiee

of ClVll Lefense approached the University fixtensioa Associ-
ation and asked that an acvisory committee be iormea to meet
with Federal representatives ‘0 2’
civil defense extezm ion courses.

Cn 1ovember lL-lS, 1962, the Universities' Committee for
Civil Lef ense and the Regional Extension L eetors met in
‘Jashin3ton, L.C. with the ma 3iona 1 Cffice of Civil Defense
training and education directors.

This meeting finalized months of discussion and consu-

mated the University Civil Lefe nse thension Program with a

goal of contractin3 extension divisions in each OI the 50

H-

states plus luerto Rico and the V

in Shelter Eanadement for Instructors and fiadioloiical Lonito

.1

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pare 01.6 C1 Lulu/118'; - (11 LCC C1.
eaca contracting univerSit

nicipal and county officials concentratin“ on the nationa

“sion services were contacted and requested to sub-
-- . ,1 . . , , -_ _ ~L- -—, .. ,M L- (“,5") I
nit proposals for contracts Cy January 1, 1,b3. Celleyes,

.. - ' . '.'-' 1 1 3 .r- , .2 .. ' _1 A . 1.4— -L—H
univerSities and state eLtehsion services thro13iout tLe na-

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Leiense and contracts ior ole ldej lisca year were s1 nee

by 31 colleju3s and universities in g9 states, the Listrict

.)

o“ Colunbia and Puerto Rico
The contracts called. for: (a) 31C ClJll defense ccnfer—
ences for govermcnt officials, (b) 392 sbelter na 1cnt in-

tructor courses, and (0) 3th courses to train radiolo3ica1

The objective of tne Univeisitv Latension CiJil Lefe nse

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‘lly increase and help main
United States' total civil defense effort by employing the
resources of the naticn's state universities and land 3rant

V

colleges, operating through t eir ex“ension serVices to pro-

vide instruction for specific audiences. Rore speci_ically

pregrams are designed to extend certain national and State

Cl

civil defense training with 'he objeC‘ive of meetinfi the on-
erational readiness requirement of each state.

All pregrams have been in operation for one year and

 

 

 

 

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reports as of April, 196;, show L53 conferences have been con-

ducted with a total attendance of 20,707 community leaders and

government eiiicials. Two hundered Shelter Lanagement Instruc—

.LLJU

tor courses have been conducted with 3,3;2 instructors certi°ie

}.

12C Radiological Lonitorin; Instructor courses have bee‘ tel”

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with 1,7bL instructors certi“ 1d.
Final results certainly will have to be measured in terms

of the training that these graduates contribute to their re—

,—.—‘ .

fl -

ered in another chapter.

spective communities. Inis portion of the program will be cov-

f1
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In Retruary of lute, the Lepartnent of Lefense, thrcu3h
the :3; 3ion inree ofiice ( lcrida, Georgia, South Carolina,

North Carolina, Tc nnessee , Lississippi anj Alabama) of the

Cffice of Civil Lefense entered into exploratory contract ne-
3otiaticns wits She :loriCa Institute for Cont in nuing Univer-

sity Studies. rho ne3otiation neetin3s were held in conjunc-

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t of Elorida Civil Lefense A3ency and di-

rected toward a 3oal of conducting classes in iaciological
Lonitorin3 for Instructors and sl3elter lana er1ent for Instruc-
tors tnrou3ncut the ttate of Florida.

The ilxxrida Itst ignite for'tmnitinuirrr waiversi

was selecteci as the contracting a ency on the basis of its

reSpc;3sib ility for the off—campus ~xtension serVice for the
State of Florida University systet.

In Larch, 1963, The .lorida Institute for Cont inain

University Studies began a series of planning meetings with
To“ prescntatives of State and Aegional Civil L13 ense A3encies

to structure a contract whicn would encompass the costs re-

1. .

flectee in carryin3 out such a pro; rag.
There followec a two month period of meetin3s involvin3
representation from the {e ion Three Cffice of Civil Leiense,

’3

the State 0; filorida Civil Leiense A3ency, the University

I
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I

.1- 1

Civil Lefense jxtension ad roc Committee and the girector of

the Florida Institute for Continuin3 UanCrSlBT Studies. The

following bud

arourz

1.

LG
0

'et

C)

reas were considered and finalized by the

9.3

:3

fine cost oi sendin; a pr03ram coordinator and in-

f!) 1‘
I

structors to Sta.. College, Battle Creek, hichi3an,

or traini r13 .

F5)

The filoriea Institute for Continuing University
Stueies‘ costs per instructional hour within the
state, while conducting tne educational program
for Civil Lefense instructors.

The Elorida Institute for Continuing University
Studies' costs for travel and per diem for pro-
gram personnel in conducting the pr03ram at var—
ious points of service within the state.
estimated costs for the development and prepara—
tion of instructional materials not provided by

the C fice of Civil :efense.

Fl)

Salaries of full-time and part-time professional

personnel to be utilized in the program.

Salaries of clerical personnel to be utilized in

the program.

The cost of supplies and equipment and office 0p-
erations during the contractual year.

fieplacement costs for university personnel while

undergoing training.

I
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O\
I

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. The costs of promotional materials and other print—
ing for the program.

10. Postal, telephone and telegraph costs.

ll. Liscellaneous expenditures.

The tud3et in its final form was submitted to the con-

ce of Civil pefense, Le-

l-’°

tracting officer, United States Cff

partment of defense, flashin3ton, p. C., in April of 1963 and

was approved in June of 1963. (Appendix I, Page 9C)
Following budget approval, a Coordinator of University

I

Civil pcfense jxtension for the state of Florida was employed

i‘ute f

i

or Continuing University Studies in

The program coordinator, in turn, recommended the hirin
of two full-time staff mentors for instruction and a full-time
secretary. The recommendations were accepted by the Lirector
of the Florida Institute for Continuing University Studies
and the recommended personnel contracted for the pregram.

The contract had set forth the following qualifications
for the selection and trainin3 of instructors:

1. All instructional personnel selected must attend a

1

four wee& training program at the Staff “olleqe,

Battle Creek, hichigan.
2. All personnel must be accepted and recognized as

university level faculty.

3. Th Lirector of the Florida Institute for Continu-

0

ing University Studies would select and certify all

personnel contracted for the program.

In discussions with representatives of the negion Three

and State Offices OI Civil Lefense, it was recommended that

personnel en aned in shelter mana3ement instruction come from

.J ~_/

Q1

la‘e

CU

Sociology and its r fields and those for Radiological

3

Monitor training he qualil ed in the Physical Sciences and

mathematics.

The possioility was discu sed of using persons in the

state of Florida who had already at‘ended the Staff Colle3e

O
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[—10

at Battle Creek, Lichi3an, and th rability of develop-

ing a staff from those persons who could commute from vari-
ous points in the State to conduct the classes for instruc-
tors.

Both of these ideas were found to be impractical due to
the lack of such trained personnel within the State and per—
sonnel employed for the pr03ram were located in Tallahassee,
Elorida, and trained for the pregram.

In July of 1963, the program coordinator and his staff
attended a four week period of intensive civil defense train-

ing at the Staff College, Battle Creek, hichi3an. The in—

struction encompassed courses in:

1. Civil Defense hana3ement.

2. Clements of a Shelter System Capability.

3. Shelter hanagoment for Instructors.

L. jaliological Konitori13 for Instructors.

S. University Civil Lefense thensi n Workshop on Rad-
i2103ical honitoring and Shelter hanagenent.

Nhile undergoing the training in Battle Creve k, Iichi 3an,

the staff was joined by the Trainin3 and icuca tion Lirectcr
of the Florida Civil Lefense Agency and initial planning of
course locations, class schedules and initial dates of course

offerin3s wa

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0

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fne State of Elorida Civil befense Agency had been charged

with the re

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of course locations as directed by their

training; he

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tne Training and Iducation Lirector re com-
mended that one course in each of the subject areas (fiadiolog—
ical Lonitorin3 and Shelter la1a ement for Instructors) be of—

fered in four Civil befense areas 01 the State of Florida. It

was agreed that courses be offered in:

l. Nestern Area -- Tallahassee, Florin

2. Horthern Area -— Gainesvillc, Florida.
3. Central Area -- Tampa, Elorida.

L. Southern Area —- Iiami, I‘lorida.

"1..

enact location of the con sea in the designated cities
was left to the University Pro;: ram Coordinator to be announce:
at a late r date.

The courses to be offered encompassed the followin3 time
periods: jadiolo3ical Lonitoring for Instructors, 32 hours,
and Shelter hanagement for Instructors, 2e hours of classroom
instruction and an overnight shelter stay. The time involved
was discussed by the group and the following time schedules
posed as alternatives:

-‘

1. Five days - six hours per day - in a one-week perioo.

1

nree hours duration extended over

Ct

2. Ten sessions of

a ten-week period.

3. Five taturdays of six hours duration thended over
five weeks.
The shelter stay would be 1n addition to these time alloca-
tions.

Jith the alternatives in hand, the group decided that a

questionnaire constructed by the Elorida Institute for Cont’n—

J

taff and distribute

Q

. V _r_ _‘r “1 .2- ’3
. Cy iuM3EDbatG 01

0)

uing University Studies

"—1

glorida Civil Lefense Agency to all county civil defense direc-

H.

r- t 04 needed in scheduling classes

0
O

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tors would provide the c

1

(MKHJ; II) Survey returns directed

d

throu3hout the State. (Ap

offerinns of one-week courses, six hours per day. This was"
followed in all future planning.

Discussions concerning the starting date of the program
were held in abeyance until the group returned to Florida and
could secure all necessary materials from Cffice of Civil he-
fense sources to support the courses.

The course materials were secured during the month of
September and a schedule for offering these courses was fin-
alized at a joint meeting of The Florida Institute for Con-
tinuing University Studies and the State of Florida Civil Le-
fense Agency personnel. (See Page 60 )

With the finalization of course locations and dates,

planning was directed to th ublicity, mass media communi-

-)
C3
“C5

cation and recruitment as.ects of the pregram. After several

— (:10
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Class

 

61 _

planning sessions the followin3 procedures were agreed upon:

1.

PO

”tate of florida Civil seiense Agency would is-

sue a memorandum to all civil defense personnel

x.)
:7
Ci—

(county directors, state agencies, city 3c1e'r

"'\
-~<
L.)

11
civil defense versonncl) on the mailing lists de-
tailin: prorwra 3oals, class schedules, course de—
scriptions, niollrent procelures and administra-
tive instructions. (appendix III, Page 113)

The Coordinator of the Florida In titute for Con-

U)

“i -\v -~o

tinuin3 Univers ty Ltuc es pro3ram would nail to
each county civil de i‘ense director a letter of in-
troduction including pro3ram goals and future
direction. (apee.cix IV, Page 115)

fhc ilorida Institute for Continuing University
studies Coordinator would prepare and distribute

State a3encies, universities, public schools,

f-«l
H

.x-
o0 a

junior colleges, civil defense agencies, 1ndustries,
businesses and other anticipated sources of enroll-
meit, a course brochure enccmpassing pregran goals,
course offerings, qualifications for enrollment and
class locations and schedules.

The Florida Institute for Continuing Univer31ty

studies would issue to all the agencies cited in

"C’
O

H.
CT
Lx

several cepies of an enrollment application
to be processed through the office of the Trainin3
and sduca tion Lirector of the state of florida Civil

Lefezse A3ency. (Appendix v, pafe llt)

3

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$401 (3113 G

ivil

\

,1
V

4

04

'3

the Scpertmeut e1 Lefense, LJiice oi Civil Le-
fense and tee L111versitv C nm1“tee.

D. [actors motivetie; partic ipa tion in tne .niver—
sit3 Civil s“3ense U1U1Ls1o1 pregrem on tLe per
(1? the pexfiyiciients.

1. .Aectorm=1fliice.€urfe allaned or 1.1 'Lited tie is—
st“ cticis o1 seelter ”Lsa ement an“ radiolor-
ical monitoring courses b3 particieaets 1poe
CC‘flOSiOh” oi ’ustr3cter training.

:2 ébxrric:ler co:mnx-b es Vieweillf' particies ts.

J. cor”1 est :rocesse s as Vievefl t3 eartici-
,11114’110 .

Jae ~“ud3 also cpee to provide methods for improflv 1 and
stimulatin uu1versit3 Civil seflhse intensiou pro rags on tee
basis of need es Cef1ece t3 the participants ir tLe program.

10 resclJe t1e se ius ate purposes it was mecess ar3 to
ceteru1u what procedure of PCSGaPCu woulo e aepliceLl to
ixier1tif 3 tee prescmn,:3tates of the 1&12jéa and itufifluar enable
the writer to enlist the jeegmcmts o1 Bro ram per cipects to
the es: tlet an evaluation of the present program would te sci
ficieut to pch ect at3 changes in CCLtE ent or recruitment that

we; more efie ctiJe13

CA

the program. Toe, the W‘1LOP sclz'
of the suggested processes 1cr imnrcwc

I-
I

O

CO ”‘01" star“

validate the objectives of
that his identification

similar

est wo1ld be eelp1u

pregram.

 

Constrgction tne Pretm ration o1 one i est1onna1re'

A questionnaire was construct ‘ and presented to a sen-
inar in Aoult 1oucat1on at ion ian State University in orLer
that the writer mi;ht receive criticis s and suggestions that
would mate the instru1ent acre e1£ective. Ln tne tasis of
suggestions itceiveo, the writer incorpora ateéi those ideas to t

appeared to Stre
naire. In its

_JUL‘LCLZLDLOU

:Pcsp Ci

Training Pregram
onl3 that tne
t‘nat tne? te cri

-3.

re meaningful tne quest1on-

-J

was then presented to personnel

searcn Eurea1 of Florida State Univers1t'

l

*5
r *0

ci acrts 111 tne 1'lor°i

m

f
L
J».

were then sent the question skin; not

ill o‘t the d information, ‘

tical trument in the light

' ., . , 1. -711 1.33.1 11 , .. , 11'. _, 2" _ ‘ .' 1.1 -. 0.
1t u-ule rean1n 1ull3 serve ne purros e 1or union it was 1:—

tunit '
i nforrzat io n t‘na t

reSponses.

had participated

finally

revised also provifed Op or-

o

'H01al or suppler

U

ponre'n 5 entarfit

would acd clarification and specii icit3 to
(Appevdlx v1, Page 121)

s first thought that a sampling of those who

in tee program would be sufficient, it was
decided to inclu -oe all ir Jolved in the progress of—

1ered o3 tne 1lorida In Ht tute for Continuing University
Stud’es° :11 involved a total audience of 100 individuals.

LlStSUCGS from the campus to the locale

' - "' . . " J- '. '° * n 'N 4 1:: /'~ "" 1'“, J- - I
of tee paatic1pan.s, it was necieeu Una perso mial interviews,
w o v ’— .9 ya .,_ _v_ a r _g 1'" (if 1_ { h J- o q
tncuja poss1cl; UCSLTaLlG, were not Leasitle. Jae cues 1on-

(’J
b
ch
t-J
C)

naire, wita a cover letter, wa~ to each who had partic-

ipated 1n oLe training sessions. (Appendix VII) The cover
letter not Only explained the pureose of tne ‘tuc3 but also

I I‘

..x r .- - fl 3-1 x , a. ._ .1. . ‘ .5 7: ‘ ..-| .3 “.7 - _'_
enat eaou reSponuent flOdld ce Juaran teen anon3m1ty.

r—‘o
C
{‘1
[—0
O
(‘3
S
(L:

It was felt tnat this would cause tne respondent to feel more

ree in indicatin
tained toward the program or personnel involved in its execu—
tion. deepenses were received from C7 01 the 103 whose reac-
ited.

tions were oli

O

U)

 

 

jacLi cuestica. aire E.’ as treate' d tnrou a data processine

card so t eat all information relevant to the study could be

carefully studied and analjzed. Zanv of tne questions pro—
vided for more than one reSponse. This was especially 823-

C In.

niiicant in those items that listed various elements in tLie

curriculum and asked the reSpondent to assi n certain prior-

ities to their answers or to ind~ ica 0e those that seemed most
or least relevant. Lata, therefore, were interpreted by per—
centage of totals or by numerical assignments. Decision on
the method was iictated by which procedure would be more mean—
ingful to the reader and which would provide greater clarity

of interpretation.

CHAPTER VII

 

 

“asel upon

o7 reSpondents 01 a total sample oi lOJ wh had par ic

r—’-
"O
$1?
ci-
0
(\

ct

)

Ci"

1

L

H.
H

‘train

LD
5.

-. ‘ x - A ‘fi ‘,N L ' .7) '1‘, ~ 4‘ A W" .-,n "1 “. * -. ‘ , f) ,. ,v“
in SCMw chase Cl the program 01 Civil nelens ..

x.’

r jnt be notee that the high pe rcentage of returns, 87 per
cent, '8 due in part to the fact that the author was in-

volved in each of the training sess1ons and became person-
all3 acquainted wit;

Personal Characteristics oi the Respondents:

 

hi ht3—two, or ap proximatcl 95 per cent of the partic-
ipants are male, ran e in ape from 20 32ers to 68 3iears with
71, or nearl3 to per cent, coins in
to S9. Trirt3-tnrce, or ap,rorimately to per cent are in
the age ranoe of Ll to 50. Their interest in Civ1l defense

(1 I

ma3 stem from the fact that many 01 these indivic:uals pa tic-

ipated in Jorld Jar II while ma13 were also involved in the

Lorean Conflict. Fift3-three, or approximat ml 60 per cent,
have lived in Elorida in excess of ll 3ears. Seventy-eight,

or nearl3 90 per cent, are married.

Certainlv this arou is well aware of the danders of en-
d a, o.)

"S
5.:
('4
H
H

em3 missles and remembe the "blac: outs” practiced dur-

1ng World Jar II and the da3s of the air raid wardens. That

A
t 1
6‘ ’V‘

3oun er men over the a3 e of 3) ale intern“ sted connotes a
health3 concern on tL“1eir part for our national safetv and
survival.

Educatio nal Background:

 

Cf the total nmaz er o1 reSpcndents, only one had less
than a hL h scnool education. Thirty-six or approximately
hd per cent were college graduates while the remainder had
atte11de’d colle‘e for var3ing periods of time. (Table II.)

I~v-VII‘

1.1111 11. 111113311-111c1aaai 5311.3:111131: cw ' 151111;:1 11..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

lancer of Leseoneeuts Grade Completed
1 Tenth Grade
15 Twelfth Grade
5 Cne Year College
2d Two Years of
College
9 Three Years of
College
“ / " ‘1 .0
3o sour Years 01

Colleee

 

Since some areas of c'vil defense training require a college
ea ucation 1or participation accounts for the si;ni1icant num-

ber who attained such training. Cf the 36 who completed col-

Ho

nd

H.

m ' .I‘o - . J- 0 1,,» h ., ‘._
leée, 1n1ormat1on was Hat ere o

L.)

C‘J

cate the area of study
in which the3 majored. (Table III) Specificall3 in the area
of Jadiological Lonitoring, a college degree is required with

courses in engineering or Chemistry.

l- J’L UL 4;) O J IL ' -‘L .._‘ .1. 'L “4'45- ‘J O (1A.! U(«“ ‘LJ .J \T "1' V A. .L/ .

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘ ‘7. r h: r; o_ 0 O 1". __.. - ~ 1 _: “ C1l_ ‘I _'.-
Lancer :a1L1c1pat1npf Ladcr area o1 eltu3
l--. “Ill aner—Lrl
.1 _,
1 (‘1 .° -11.
J o181‘»-l° tad
’7 1,
C. D‘ASlLlGSS nolh’LLLl-
.1. ' ,
LSUPEAU—LOLL

 

1 Agriculture

1 Architecture

_j 10 (,1.

C ['10

H-

y—a

/)

»cience

k
I

,4
‘4

l PhilOSOph.

t

2 :cononics

C

O]
r—J-

l Lu~

(1'
u
U.)

l Ea‘tzn tic

' 93

2 jducation
l Ps3cholo:3
1 3e reatia1

'v' o
2 nurs1no

 

 

_r‘ I

*1nce program participation was volun ar3 in nature,

I

I

would indicate that it attracted a select Wrou' as

O
K‘
H 9
Q1
0
:1
o
C)

measured t3 their educational background, trainin” and ex-
icate that the3 were a group who were
active ir civic, professional and fraternal organizations.

All reSpondents infioater affiliation with at least two of

_ 7Q _

the afor—nentioned types of organizatio;

cent were active in more than two. It is als
that came fr w varied and diverse occupations

1. Cueuist (l)
2 '"it3 “oveIWY“T“‘ ("\
0 V J LA .2 . 1.1K) Ll Ll Ll I
3. Civil -efenst Jerk (local and state
-3. angirurarirr; arm} deliitei111regw3 (15)
r—-’ w '- o 3-_ 3‘ - _o ‘ o _a- J._ o —’
p. nOSpleal aefl1n18trau10n (p)
/ “"' J. ,1 ‘ . . _ .3 . .' .1- J... .'
O. i1Otul.:qu1n-Strac1CM1 (l)

or Lanagers

t. genicine - Logical sectors and Veto
9. Fleetics Lanufacturing (1)

10. Police and Tire
ll. ietired (2)
12. state severage .eiartment (10)
13. State joard of Jealth (3)
1 :1- .- ‘ ,1 J-.. 1, A. -, W 1 ,.,- .- 1 J. -- '1
5- e a'c ne'artnent o1 AQPLCdlbqu (3)
13. state Sanitation Agencv (1)
16. Lniversit3 L3Stem (E)

Pr0"1wwu ProwILtion:

\(

1.1.
.I

le

I

rest in a program of

several c3cles. Interest has

 

+LCIJ: jigures 1n parentheses indicate
tic1pants 1nvolved 1n the occulational f1ele

while near13 70 per-

. ° 7. .1. -j (.33.-
O G'Jl’quuu Lildu

since the group

(C)

rinarian

Lepartments - local and state (9)

one through

-.‘
s}

when a national

J— xx ’- ‘ ~. 1“ ~ ~ '1 —“ |"‘ -

the theater (u. Ear-
_' . “ ’ _'_ .‘l

nticatee.

4 . I.“ V 1 ' 7: ‘1 r". ‘7‘ ‘ ' #— 1'. .. Q. i' r’\‘ "x. . r ‘I‘ ~ ‘2 , ' " _- T. a - -. , --- a.
cr181s has seen 1uL hens and has SpomCl to cecrease our1n. per—

H-

iods o1 national or international tranquilit3. nesronnents
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were asked how "her first cecahe aware of courses in naeiolod-

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As will be noted, the questionnaire included the various
tepics dealt with in the two areas of study. Itexns were rated
as significant, not significant, or omitted. Provision was
also made for the respondents to indicate saggestions they
might have for making more meaningful tie shelter management
and radiological monitoring units. Table IV indicates the
tepics that the participants considered to be signif ic cant, not

significant or could have been omitted from the shelter man—

agement course.

 

 

 

 

 

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C O O O W #110 F _-
Topic Significant S33ni1ficant Cmitted
Weapons Effects no 1 l

 

Protection against
weapons effects ql O l

 

National Shelter
Program 38 in 0

Community Shelter

 

 

 

 

 

System 39 2 1
Visit to Shelter Facility 35 2 5
Shelter Organization

and Staff Reguirements hl l ' 0
Shelter Facilities, Sup-

plies and Equipment 42 O 0
Shelter Operations Q1 1 0
Shelter Exercise hl l O

 

Shelter Information
Program - 39 3 O

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE IV. (Continued)
Not
Topic Significant Significant Omitted

Shelter Exercise Review 39 3 0
Shelter Emergence 39 3 O
Group Dynamics and Inter-

personal Relationships E2 0 O
Shelter Livingg E2 O O
Planning and Administer-

ing Shelter Management

Training El 1 0
Course Summary 42 O 0
Examination 39 2 1
Course Evaluation MO 2 0
Graduation ' 38 3 l

 

It will be noted that the table indicates those units of in-
struction included in the course had the overwhelming accept-
ance of the participants. While it is not important to dis-
cuss this in terms of percentages, the table clearly indicates
few participants who considered certain areas to be not sig-
nificant or that should have been omitted from the course.

It will be noted that a few individuals, five out of the
h2 who participated in this course, indicated that the visit
to the shelter facility could have been omitted as an area of
instruction. However, these individuals indicated an over-
whelming acceptance of the shelter stay and all said that the
instruction covering the furnishing of a shelter was most sig-

nificant. Therefore, the table would indicate that the units

L/__

-76-

of instruction included in the course had the overwhelming
acceptance of the participants.

Participants were also given the opportunity to comment
on their shelter experience. The literature reveals the im-
portance and need that people feel toward the provision of
shelters and this is borne by the fact that the respondents
indicated the imperativeness of ”test experiences" in a shel-
ter. For example, the majority felt that their stay in a
shelter and the providing of psychological situations was a

real learning experience and a needed exercise. (Table V)

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE V. PARTICIPAETQ' dJACTICI TC SHJLTJE EXPERIEECE
Experience to be dated Yes No

The stay was of too short a duration. 19 23

The stay was of too long a duration. 1 Al

 

The stay was of sufficient duration
to gain experience. 3h 8

 

Enough psychological situations were
included. 2h 15

Experiences were provided in all areas

 

 

 

of shelter livin3. 1% 2E
The stay was too severe. 2 hO
The stay provided a real learning ex-

perience. 38 h
m 1.. ° ° 1
lhe same oegectives could ee accom-

plished without a shelter living

expprienee. O Q2

 

Cots should have been provided. 10 32

-77..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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to have a background in the field of engineering or science.
As will be noted from the table, few if “my itezs were con-

siderer

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:1“ he attributed to the fact that those participatina in

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these exercises were well trained, in terms of education, in

Snare seemed to re a division of opinion on whetner a
sufficient number or variety of exercises were available in
tne nadiologioal honitoring Instructors course. Twenty-one,
or approximately one-tnird, of tnose involved in the program
felt tnat additional experiences could be added. Among their
comments were:

l. Lore time snould have been available for the actual

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ruments provided,

.1.
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‘use oi‘inie ins
2. Lore intensive study snould have been devoted to-
ward the use of decontamination procedures,
3. Additional instruction should have been provided on
techniques of handling resource materials, and
a. An extended internship eaperienoe under more realis-
tic conditions.

finer asned to indicate tnose areas of study Vaicn would

ndicated

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mane tne experience more meaningful, reSpondents

that:

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for nandling materials indicated in the course is

needed.

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of tne conesiveness neces-

ruction in the area of shelter pro-

menitoring and tne total national

civil defense effort 1 neces sarv
Instructitn and Lou otnocolo
because muc; of tne success of ene snelter management pro—
gram and the radiological monitoring program depents upon on
tecnniques of instruction and metnedolOQy use;, participants
were asked to react to tiieir experiences in the various classes.
seventy, or CO per cent, of the reSpondents indicated they te-
lieved the lessons were extremely well prepared, 12, or lb per
cent, felt they were well prepared while two or approxinately
six pei cent indicated that the preparation was adequate. do
one of the respondents felt UQJ preparation nad been poor.
Participarwt were asaed to reaCt to the following tech-
niques of class instruction:
1. so you feel tne lectt re met find was overused? Sev—
enty-two answered tnis question in the negative and
ll in tne affirmative.
2. no you feel tnere was sufficie nt time for discussion?
Eifty—five answered in the affirmative and 16 said no.
3. flight” of the respondents indicated they felt the
printed materials given out were sufficiently inform-
ative while only tnre e t‘nouqnt they were not
a. deientT—two of tne respondents indicaie' tne, felt
sufficient use nae been made of visual aids. “levee
indicated an oppo ite reaction.

r',

5. All “) of the reseondents indicated tney thougnt
content of tne course was pertinent to their loca
situations.

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The Hlorida Institute for Continuing University studies
accepted the responsitility for initiating prograns to train
rerticipants in shelter management and radiolOgical monitor-
inr. inn) Ins itute LHNS anong;ifln3jpioneers ixi tne attennit to
provide selected leaders with competencies in the fields in-
dicated who could, upon returning to their local communities,

t come instruCtors of local individuals in the areas of seal-

(T)

fl

ter management an‘ radiological monitoring. Prior to this

study trere had teen no attempts to involve those who ear-

ticipated in the train'ng sessions to evaluate the pregram

and offer advice in areas they thought might be strengthened.

The writer therefore assumed the following:

1. That a more accurate picture of the University Civil
sciense thension Program could be secured by having
part cipants involved evaluate their experiences.

a. That current goals for the University Civil Lefense
datension Program as perceived by tffice of Civil
Vefense and University personnel could be determined.

5. Ihat current thinking on mass training, in terms of
goals and purposes, could be estatlished.

;. Inat tata collection instruments could be devised

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O SGCJPB out} iluCOSSSLl’" Coca (3.8 SOL; lC'L‘tL'l .Lil LulG pill”-

Ttis chauter will prese11t a summary of the findinas of
the study draw pertinent conclusions ane indicate those areas

that warrant furtner attention.

In pursuing the literature in the Hi ld of Civil Defense,
the write r 1‘ound no references to the area covered in this
study but rather an distorical account of the ori in and de-

velopment of civil defense in the United States. 'Jri 1n;s

C1

and reports were confined to the azany hearings before the house
and tenate on the need for civil defense programs and stress

the striking power of nations should they become involved in a

U

iuclear war. Information and data relevant to the objectives
of tlie study could only be obtained by t1rect1ng at'ention to

V

those who were actively involved in training programs.

1 , . ~ '1

Tue study was limit d to tnose programs 01 training of

C.

civil defense instructors conducted by the Florida Institute
for Continuinr Un1v~r ity Studies. '1nis invo olved a total of

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‘rairees in the program.

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103 individuals who wer

A questionnaire was constructed and after pre-testin; 1t

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an Adult :ducation nor1nar at L1cn1“"n State Universitv and
further r011neue t by personnel at the Jducation Research Bur-
eau of florida State University, the writer submitted it to a

pilot group of participants astitg that they react to the in—

formation requestee and, in addition, m-Ke whatever sugges-

-37-

After incorporating all sugge5t1ons 1or refine ment that

led to a total of 103 individuals

r-h

acmed relxala at, it vars ma
who had been involved in the program. 1ighty-seven question—
naires were rctur1ed and this became the basis for the studv.
uata were processed on IBn cards and then were sorted in terms

of cnacactori their reactions to the

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learning experiences and their reconncnoat1ons for improve ment

or for experiences that saou d be incorporated in future train-

eifihty-two, or approximately $5 per cent of the partic1-
pants were male, ranued in are from 20 years to to years with

71, or nearly to per cent, being between the ages of 39 and

Ihirty—six of tne participants were college Praduates
and only one of the total included in the study did not fin-

ish high school. 3n;ineerin3 led among the areas of special-

ization anon; those who were college graduates. They ent cred
the training program from many areas of employment such as mu—
nicipal, state and federal workers, engi1ee rin: Specialists
hOSpital administration and industrial management.

Eearly 60 per cent of tne trainees had previous civil
4e1ense experience and training. Lang had atterce d courses
conducted by the Elorida Adult acucation Centers and others
trad received trainia; in the various branches of the military
service.

linen the trainees were asked to indicate their attitude

’_‘ I a 1
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AAccrpAs ngu LCJTLB S an Age ClVll AOEQHSc Aallwuu
' 9 - J“ ’7‘ ‘ f : v‘/ r“ 7"] _‘. "I ‘ fl ;-\_ '. ,‘p. ' '. ‘I‘ “" -i I; x {1 J- 9."
AduloUP rfp.£4m, uUlOPO AuA-UCAmLquO LO. 2 Ci DAD

 

. . ‘ ~ ’ , .« r" I Iii—:I .‘ ’ ‘l‘v . >71, 1.“.
4.1.6 MEL} {XIIHJQJ'KA ACA'J’ICCS bCLIALfJLLLJF , 11.01188 OJ. -L 4311b-
s-nnuat‘ves, .JaSJAxggs n, .J.C., ixxf-Auigxyc, l9u5.
, ° ' ,. ’ .1- ' - ‘0 '1-
ll Lefense Ad inistraoi M, Le' nor CL AraAs-

 

f C
' ‘n n —.~‘ — “A . rt 37'“
1, .JaSLALLLQl/CEL, _'_/Ibo, /C.

 

 

Federal Civil Lefense Guiée, Exe U' M] Crder 11351, 59p-
embir 27,15ifléL as AgerxflyA, Part i;L_Cnapte' 14
hingt cm, A. 0.: Acpartmcut 0‘ A0—
L LiJil LGECLzse, April 15, 196 .

 

1:33Cuctiaii3. 5», 34:18
cu F . ~ I". r,‘. .-
.LKJL‘LS'a, 4.1.1.00 C‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fcforsl Civil Lefense Gui60, Part B, Cnanter l, Appen-
tix ;, _AAJCQCiVe thym? 1¢;;:; Jtlg‘cg), 1951, as
Aneuucu, Jasain5t0u, A.U.: Acparbmenu of AeAeAse,
£331 0 cf “ivil Aofeuso, April 15, 9:3.

flcworal inil Acfcusc Guide, Part 3, Chapter 1, #LACH-
Ci: 2, AUQf483lvat.OU flag A0. 1 CL 1930, as Amended,
JasmichCu, A.Q.: AoparCAcAt of Aefetisc, Lfificc 03
Civil Aefause, April 1:, 1963.

 

”Sederal Gaicamce for State at‘ Local Civil Lefemso,‘
V lapber L, Appenfiix 1, Eat ioual rallout sublbe
AALJOV and Larfiini P“C:“&A JG aim L01, A ' :

 

[1‘

C‘
__.._ “L ’ U 0 \J.
'M‘a°umcut CA Aefeuqa {Arlee of A ivil Aefense
’ 9
(ct obo er 1,1902.

P.)

2

[‘0

\JJ

\J I

C.

U?

 

te and Local Civil Hefonee,”
l, Laticual gallcgt ihol**r

, .Jasejxl‘tcu, 1). C.: .Jepaiit-
Lee of Civil -CfCuSC, (ctctbr

 

 

J

]_ .

\r\

C\
\Ur

Hart, Horuell, "Accelerat

ion in

nolof3 auu :ooial e-a«'e

 

et. al.T Jew lore:

lv

\5'
N]

barter, Christian, Speech
'allout P1 otection,
9

About

C
k.)

the Unth

Howler, Jone (editor), "Eallout--A Study of SupertomlLs,
strontium 9Q an; eurvival-~l§' Ce,” DaSio ocas, Inc.,
Lew Yorx.

'&arrett, galpn L., 'J.ma1~ of othlCS Cl Pu: ic Arti-
tuoes Jowarj an: I or .atioa About ” ivil 1ejeuso,
”as lu9ton, 1. 3.: e3steus 4Jdl¢QuLCu pivision,

»ocial Change, feed-

 

 

Branois 1. Allen,
Cerrt“1 y‘Ch? its, Inc.,

e house Conference on
on, ;.C.: January 2),

 

v, -_- r :,: V.
lLaLln’ 1:... , lLLi :Ll! LLL Ll;
morizon Mr es, lyoa.

a}

onuoey, Jtmxii ., gxeou

 

C
’Jasnin;tom, C.C., leI.

7" ”an N... at». ”I t . .
lLCflLlULJJ , JKJ Llrl .-‘ o , L.'.jssa .‘3

 

_L. ,1 ‘r 0 J.- ° . M fl
3 Cu uOth QOSSlCn 01 Con rose,
5'” L/ , .L. ;/ IKJ 1. o

‘7 ‘--. ..—'—- , I" :s
'(IQSHLUJuCfl, l/QVQ, J..CJ.

Lady, John F., Cr out

I...A.U.LO'1<.1]_

 

(Raugress, .Hrshlm;jxnl, o.C.,

Lartim, faomas L., Jr. and Lomald C. Latbam, Str
for Survival, Tucson, Arizona: rue Univers
-263.

 

of Arizona Press, 19

Newsletter, Thomasville,
fense, Cffice of Civ
Cotober, 1963, Lambe

 

Eews ” ele ease, Battle Cree

 

N

a801‘”?

ia

il 9018

Y: 1.".
.L V o

k, Lichigan: r

.a

,. 1 ". .. J.
.\0"US, Llopor’v DO
-- H r '1
12.58;} L/ , \)U l .

Lepartment of Le-
I d

use, Volume 1,

I“!

ederal Civil

I

LC Wars Administration, hay e, ”pg.

 

C'Brieu, T. H , Civil befense ,
'atione ",Lffioe and Lou

b’ . -

*d (1
£0 C1
"1

H

\9

U1 *3 0

London: I
man' s Greei

.

~er Iajesty's
r and Com-

h)

‘

.rh. .-
Lu

3:
CO

I?“

#0

\11

PILlic Le w L1-Q73, Llst Congres , 1930, "An Act,” Jase—
LLI‘Q'~UOLL, .LJ. U0

 

Public L8“ “5‘630: CSth (301317888, H. :31. 7270', AL‘L’"? L181} '5."
7—11: I. '. j— I, __ 'vvv

[
‘jy'v, AU £106, :JaSLlLIIH'bOLi, L. C.

 

F1

 

 

Puclic Papers of the Preside nts OI the United states,
narr3 5. r‘rquz-m, npril 12 to Lecemter 31,1933.
JasJII t a L. 0.: U. S. Goverrme mt Printirlf

O ’
CIIice, 19C1.
"Public Support, Lorale, ” ecurit3w, Economics of fat
Securitv, Vol. III, Iasainjtcn, L. 0.: Iuiu
College of the Armed borces, 93:-

 

Shae-chi, Lin, How to Be A Good Communist, Kosccw: Cem—

muu1st Press, 1936.

 

 

83min ton, J. Stuart, Letter CI Iransmitta1,Jaseinrton,
L. 0.. Hat 0 31 Security Jcscurces beard, 193C.

 

 

5T1inrtcn J. Stuart, United States Civil Lefense, Jash—
in ten, L. 0.: National security Jcsources Board,
che rnment Press, 1930.

Iestimcu" - Armcé Services Committee House OI Represen-
LaLivcs, Iasuiugtcu, L.Q.: January 196%.

”Tue 1% dera 1 Civil UGI ense Act of 1930 as Amended,”
Public LaJ 920 - Clst Con JTOSS, Jashin ton, L. C.

 

: CIIice OI the Jhite
r3 17, 1962. (Press

 

The Jhite House,‘Jashington, L. C.
Louse Press Security, Ecbruar
release)

 

 

Training for Civil Lefense nuMLH t1atcrs auc' -ies cue In-
structors, Cluey, lar31anc: aticnal Civil seieuse
Training Center, (Insti uctional pamphlet), 1933,
Training and Jducaticn CIIice.

, State emeet to tne Press, Jashington,

 

 

forte Investigatinfi, Battle Creek, Lichi? an: CCD StaII
Collebe, Lepartment CI Lefense, CI Iic ce of Civil Le-
Ieuse, 19CL.

 

-97..

AP FEET 1) I31 I

 

'23

I

 

REQUJST F03 PRLPCSALS AND PRCPCSAL (Cost Reimburse-
ment Type Contract)

 

 

Issued by: Cffice of Civil Department:
Defense
Contract Divi- DEFENSE
sion, Room 2-A-
316
Address: Requisition Number or
Washington 25, D.C. Purchase Authority:

FA — 3&3 - 6

 

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS

 

Date Issued: Request for Proposal
Number:
February ll,_l963 63/23-9

 

‘Written prOposals in triplicate* subject to (l) the
terms and conditions of this request for proposals, (2)
the attached Schedule, (3) General Provisions (either DD
Form 7&8, 1 May 60 edition, as it applies to the prOposed
procurement, incorporated herein by reference, or as may
be attached), and (A) such other contract provisions and
specifications as are attached or incorporated by refer-
ence in the Schedule, will be received at the above office
until the close of business (date) March 12, 1963 , for
furnishing the services or supplies set forth in_the ac-
companying Schedule.

 

 

General Information and instructions relative to prOposals
are contained in the Schedule.

 

 

*IN AULITICN TO THE THRRR CCPIES OF THE PRCPCSAL To BE
SUBMITTED AS STATSD ABOVE, PLEASE NAIL CONCURRENTLY ONE
COPY TC YOUR STATE CIVIL LRRRNSR DIRECTOR FCR HIS REVIEW
AND ADVISE TO US CF ACCEPTABILITY. FAILURE TO FURNISH
A COPY TC THE STATE CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTOR WILL RSSULT
IN DRLAY IN CONTRACTING.

0CD BC 152M?

_ 95 _

 

PROPOSAL Late of PrOposal

 

In compliance with the above, the undersigned offers and
agrees, if this proposal be accepted with calendar
days (90 calendar days unless a different period be in-
serted_by the Offeror) after the last date for the re-
ceipt of prOposals as indicated in the request for pro-
posals, to furnish the services specified herein.

 

OFFERCR RE RESENTS

1. That it __ IS, __ IS NOT, a small business concern.
Generally, a small business concern for the purpose
of Government procurement is a concern that (l) is
not dominant in its field of Operation and, with its
affiliates, employs fewer than 500 employees, or (2)
is certified as a small business concern by the
Small Business Administration. (See Code of Federal
Regulations, Title 13, Part 103, as amended, which
Contains the detailed definition and related proced-
ures.) If Contractor is a small business concern
and is not the manufacturer of the supplies covered
by this contract, it also represents that all sup-
plies to be furnished hereunder WILL, WILL NOT,
be manufactured or produced by a_§mall buETness con-
cern in the United States, its Territories, its Po-
sessions, or The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

2. That it is a __ REGULAR DEALER IN __ MANUFACTURER CF,
the supplies covered by this contract.

3. (a) That it HAS, HAS NOT, employed or retained
any company 3? persofif(other than a full-time bona
fide employee working solely for the contractor) to
solicit or secure this contract, and (b) that it
HAS, __ HAS NOT, paid or agreed to pay any company—
or person (other than a full-time bona fide employee
working solely for the contractor) any fee, commis-
sion, percentage or brokerage fee, contingent upon
or resulting from the award of this contract; and
agrees to furnish information relating to (a) and (b)
above as requested by the Contracting Officer. (For
interpretation of the representation, including the
term "bona fide employee," see Code of Federal Regu-
lations, Title AH, Part 130.)

- lOO -

A. That it Operates as __ INDIVIDUAL PARTNERSHIP
__ CCRPCRATICN incorporated in the—State of

 

The Florida Institute is a unit of the State Uni-
versity System of Florida.

 

FULL NAME AND BUSINESS ADDRESS TELEPHCNE NUMBER
CF CFFRROR (Street, city, zone,
and State) (Type or print) 22h-SlBh

 

The Florida Institute for

Continuing University Studies SIGNATURE OF PERSON
Beard at Thomasville Highway AUTHORIZED TO SIGN
Post Office Box 1562 PROPOSAL:
Tallahassee, Florida

 

TIRED CR PRINTEL SICNER'S
NAME AND TITLE,

Fyron R. Blee, President

 

CCU BC 152A?

~101-

 

SCHEDULN
Request for PrOposals Request Page Number of Pages
and PrOposal Ngmber Number of Schedule

 

63/23 1 4

 

SCOpe of work, including Specific dufies and required

reports:
I.
A.
B.

The Contractor, in consultation and COCperation
with the Office of Civil Defense shall furnish
the necessary facilities, personnel, and such
other services as may be required to conduct civil
defense training and conferences and courses
through its extension service. The work and ser-
vices shall be performed as Specifically provided
for in this contract, and generally consistent
with the outline of work contained in the Contrac-
tor's proposal.

The Contractor shall:

1. DevelOp conference and course design and con-
tent which shall be submitted through the State
Civil Defense Director to the COD Regional Office
for review and approval prior to use. Provide
for attendance of a representative of the State
Civil Defense Director and representatives of
COD Region at the first conference and course.
Improvements shall be made in conducting the
conference and courses as suggested and approved
by the State Civil Defense Director and OCD Re-
gion provided that the improvement shall not con-
flict with the scope of work herein except as

may be modified by the Contracting Officer.

2. Conduct not less than 16 Office of Civil
Defense content-approved, six hours per day, one
or two day conferences on civil defens as shown
in the attached outline, for State, county, and
municipal officials. Insofar as practicable,
each conference should be conducted for a mini-
mum of twenty-five such officials.

OCD BC 15251

3. Conduct not less than _g_ courses in Shel-
ter Nanagement (Instructor) and not less than
_fl;_courses in Radiological Monitoring for In-
structors in accordance with the attached out-
line. Each course shall consist of not less
than thirty (30) hours of instruction over a
five day period or an equivalent period in ac-
cordance with the Contractor's usual practice
for similar courses. Insofar,as practicable,
each course shall be conducted for a minimum of
twenty-five students.

Professional full—time personnel of the Con-
tractor specifically employed under this con-
tract to develop and conduct training confer-
ences and courses shall complete a minimum of
four (h) weeks of training at the Office of
Civil Defense Staff College, Battle Creek,
Michigan prior to undertaking any instructional
duty required by this contract. ‘

1. Full-time personnel selected to conduct
courses in Shelter Management (Instructor) shall
complete COD courses entitled "Civil Defense
hanagement," "Shelter Nanagement (Instructor),"
"Shelter Utilization," and one week special in-
struction provided by the COD Staff College.

2. Full-time personnel selected to conduct
courses in Radiological Monitoring for Instruc-
tors shall complete OCD courses entitled "Civil
Defense Management," "Radiological Monitoring
for Instructors," "Radiological Defense Officer,"
and one week Special instruction provided by the
COD Staff College.

The Contractor shall, if possible, arrange for
the use of, at no cost to the Government, a lo-
cally available licensed fallout shelter for
training purposes. In the event a licensed fall-
out shelter is not available, the Contractor shall
provide, as part of the required instructional
equipment, a simulated fallout shelter. The shel-
ter shall have a capacity of not less than thirty
(30) persons with space dimensions calculated on

t'LJ

*IJ

- 103 -

the basis of ten (10) square feet per person. If
possible, Space Should be obtained permitting
classes of up to fifty (50) trainees. The shel-
ter shall be located where there is access by both
students and instructors, such as in a school or
other public-building basement or on the upper
floors. Windows, if any, shall be covered dur-
ing Shelter simulation periods. Noveable, light-
weight walls may be constructed to make the in-
closure. Lightweight walls may be of fire re-
sistant material, if required by code. For
smaller classes, the design shall permit the mov-
ing inward of one or two moveable walls to con-
form to the variations in size of classes and
maintaining the realism of shelter living. The
shelter shall be located where there is adequate
ventilation. Contractor Shall provide a method
of communication with instructional staff outside
the shelter. Costs for providing the Simulated
Shelter shall be kept to a minimum. Food, water
containers, sanitation equipment, and medical kits
shall be provided for training purposes at no ex-
pense to the Contractor from Government stocks of
shelter supplies.

To insure standardization of instruction, Office
of Civil Defense-developed training materials shall
be used exclusively by the Contractor as the basis
for the Shelter Management (Instructor) and the
RadiOIOgical Monitoring for Instructors courses.

The Government shall:

1. Assist the Contractor in the recruitment
of students to attend conferences and
courses.

2. Furnish on a continuing basis, informa-
tion which will permit the Contractor
to keep current with OCD policies, plans,
programs, and Operational procedure af-
fecting performance under this contract.

3. Provide consultation by OCD Specialists,
as required.

h. Promote CCOperative relations between
Contractor and State Civil Defense Di-
rector through the appropriate OCD Region.

II.

III.

IV.

- 10h -

ION AND PAYMSNT

*2]

CC N s IE RA

The Government shall pay the Contractor, as com-
pensation for all work and services performed and ma-
terials furnished, direct and indirect allowable costs
as allowed by the Armed Services Procurement Regula-
tion, Section XV. The contract amount will be based
on the amount reflected in your prOposal, less any
amount of reduction as a result of further negotia—
tions with you.

TEEN OF CONTRACT

 

The term of the contract shall be one year from
the effective date. FollOWing receipt of your pro-
posal and additional negotiation as may be required
the contract will be forwarded for your acceptance
and return. Upon receipt and subject to negotiation
of any further changes you may desire, the contract
will be signed by the Contracting Officer. The ef-
fective date of the contract will be the date signed
by the Contracting Office, which will be the first
date on which your services are reimbursable. A
COpy of the fully Signed contract will be forwarded
to you by Air Nail. No advance can be made.

SCHSDULE PERFCRNANCE AND REPORTS

 

The Contractor shall commence performance follow-
ing the effective date of the contract and receipt of
his Cpr of the contract, and Shall complete such por-
tion of service as follows:

A. The first conference shall be conducted on or be-
fore * .

B. The first course shall be conducted on or before
C. The Contractor Shall submit to the Regional Di-

rector, OCD Region 3 , Attention: Training

and Education, a monthly prOgreSS report (5 copies)
on or before the fifteenth day of each month which
will include the number of courses, the number of
trainees, the names and addresses of each trainee

 

 

* Dependent upon persdnnel's completion date of classes
at LCD Staff College.

_ 105 -

satisfactorily completing the canferences and/or
courses conducted during the previous month, to-
gether with any recommendations of an improvement
in the prOgram. One additional Cpr of the pro-
gress report snall be furnished to the Contract-
ing Officer and one Cpr for the Director, Train-
ixng and jducatiorn

D. Four copies of a final report containing a sum-
mary of work and services performed and recom-
mendations of the Contractor shall be submitted
on or before the completion date of the contract.
Two c0pies Shall be furnished to the COD Regional
Director, one Cpr to the Contracting Officer,
and one copy to the Lirector, Training and Educa-
tion.

NOTE:

Please complete your proposal including the blanks in
Sections I and IV, above. Be sure that all direct costs
are itemized by name, prOposed number of hours, and salary
for each university employee proposed to be employed under
the contract. Instructional qualifications of university
exployees need not be furnished.

All written questions should be directed to the issu-
ing office as shown on the first page. Telephone queries
of a contractual nature may be directed to hr. G. H. Harbin,
Jr., OAford 5-?536, Nashington 25, D. C. Telephone queries
of a technical nature may be directed to the CCD Region.

 

SCHEDULE Request Page No. Number of Pages
Request for Propos- Number of Schedule
ale and Proposal 63/23 2 h

 

Offeror's concent of see e reouirements including re-
A - ’ ~.(

 

ye ar .

liminarygplEn for completion:
1

Initial emphasis will be placed on the Shelter Manage-
ment (Instructor) course. Courses will be planned for
each of the four (b) State Council Civil Defense Areas
in Florida. The number of courses in each area has
been determined by the State Office of Civil Defense
according to the needs in that area for shelter mana-
gers.

Each course will be staffed with four (h) trained in-
structors. Barring unforeseen contingencies a full-
time staff member of the Florida University System will
be the principal instructor for each Course.

The University intends to conduct one (1) course in
Radiological honitoring for Instructors in each of the
four (b) State Council of Divil Defense areas in Florida.
The courses will commence within approximately 120 days
after notification to the Florida Institute by the Atomic
Energy Commission that a faculty member has been licensed
to teach instructors of radiolOgical monitors.

The Institute will share responsibility for promotion of
the courses with the State Council of Civil Defense.

The Institute will prepare printed announcements for dis-
tribution by the State Council to local Civil Defense
Directors. Announcements will be mailed to appropriate
businesses and other agencies. Direct contacts in the
service areas will be made by the Coordinator within

the limitations of his schedule.

Offeror's estimate of time required for completion: One

 

QUALIFICATIONS, including

 

(1) experience in related worki(2) names, experience and
amount of time to be assigned on tflTS project for all prin-

 

praI technical personneI; and (3) equipment and faCTlitTes
available for performance of this project.

 

- 107 -

l. Experience in related work:

 

The Florida Institute for Continuing University Studies
Operates a large and diversified continuing education pro-
gram serving more than 50,000 adults throughout the State of
Florida each year.

In addition to staff personnel at the Institute Office
in Tallahassee the Florida Institute has twenty-six (26) full-
time men and women working on a state-wide basis. This staff
devotes its full time to the developement and organization of
adult Classes, graduate work, workshOps and seminars. Pro-
grams are conducted at Florida's state owned campuses as well
as other locations convenient to students.

2. Amount of time to be assigned on this_project for all
principaI'Teonnical personnel:

 

 

(Refer to budget pages for time allocation)

’1

3. Equipment and facilities available Ior performance of
this project:

 

 

The Florida Institute has, or can obtain classroom fa-
cilities in all locations in Florida wherein classes may be
held. In communities where there is no State University
Campus, the Florida Institute has access to public school
buildings, private university and college facilities, class~
rooms and conference facilities in major industries, insti-
tutions, hotels and restaurants.

Institute Offices and University Campuses are equipped
with most necessary visual aids and general instructional
equipment that are required for educational programs.

The Institute will depend upon the State Council of
Civil Defense and local civil defense agencies for access
to necessary fallout shelters. The Institute will also de-
pend upon the State Council for radio-active sources which
may be used for instructional purposes and for necessary
Civil Defense kits.

Breakdown of estimated costs for furnishing services in ac-
cordance with the atTLacIIed:

 

 

(Use of attached breakdown sheet is recommended. Failure of
any other format to incorporate the minimum breakdown re-
quired may result in the proposal being considered non—re-
Sponsive.)

 

JSTILATJD COSTS
DIRJJGT CC S‘I‘S ALCUII T

PERSONNRL (Itemize all positions by indicating (1) type; (2)
classification Within type if more than one salary rate; (3)
manhours months/years; and (h) actual current hourly/monthly/
yearly salary rate.)

I17'& (2) T3) IE) _(1Iit (27* (I) (E)

 

 

 

 

 

 

EQUIPLEN' (Itemize) :JNTALS

 

 

 

 

EQUIITLNHP (Itemize)

 

 

 

 

CCNSUNABLE SUPPLIjS (Itemize)

 

 

 

PRINTING, (Including labtr and materials)

 

 

 

TRAVEL (Government Standardized Travel Regulations will
apply unless Cfferor's established travel policy
is attached to proposal)

 

CCTEIHQIGATICNS

 

- lee -

SUECCNTRACTS (Itemize if in excess of 91,000,00)

 

 

 

CONSULTANT SERVICES (Itemize)

 

 

OTHER NAPJHSRS (Itemize) (Costs for royalties exceed-
ing 9250.00 will require additional in-

 

 

 

 

TOTAL DIRECT COSTS

CVSRRRAS (Provisional Rate A )

 

FIXED FEE (If Applicable)

 

 

 

_'_.)

NAL OVERHEAD RATE, IF ANY, A“ ESTABLISHED SI

CURRENT PRCVISIO
AUDIT AGENCY p

TILE} CC. GIV‘ IZAN T

 

“ARE CF CCGNIZANT AUDIT AGJNCY (If Applicable)

I.

 

ACH COPY OF LAST PUBLISHED FINANCIAL STATELENT TO PROPOSAL,
T TUDOR IS NC CCGNIZANT AGENCY ASSICNEI.

15...);th

bS-7S3

APPENDIX II

 

UNIVERSITY EA‘SNSION CIVIL DSFENSS PROGRAM

\

;UESTICNNAIRE

 

CONFERENCES FOR GOVERNNEETAL OFFICIALS - 6 HRS.
1. If offered in your areas, what day of the week would

seem most desirable?

2. ‘What areas listed below do you feel need additional
clarification and emphasis in your local situation?

A. Thy Civil Defense
B. weapons and Effects
C. Protective Measures
D. Legal Authority &

ReSponsibility

Federal
State
Local
Shelter Planning
(Federal pregram
& local imple-
mentation)
F. Operational Planning -
Local

(.1.)

G. Organization at the
Local level for Civil
Defense

H. Training & Education

 

I. Federal Financial Assistance

J. Communication.& Warning

 

K. Other

 

 

 

RADIOLOGICAL NCNITCRINC FOR IISTRUCTORS AND HELTER NANAGR-
LENT FOR ILSTRUOTORS - )2 hRS. EACH

 

- llO -

'would be most acceptable in your area.

- lll -

Lo you feel your area (50 mile radius) could provide
25 students for the above courses?

flhat method of recruitment do you feel wcu'ld be most

successful?

 

A. Brochures and Publicity throu3h University

B. Personal contact by local Civil Lefense
Cfficial

C. Publicity from State Civil Lefense Cffice

L. All of the above

fl. Cthers

f offexe d 1 your area, wuich of the following arran5 e-

nent 8 UC you ieel would Le most suitable.

A. fhree hour per evenin3 lu week course.

3. A two hour per evenin3 15 week course.

C. A fues.—Tnurs., Lon.-Jed. (6 hour per
week) five week course

L. A full week 5 day course (6 hours per day).

5. A Lrio Ja3 eve nin3 - Saturday course (3 week-
erlds - 10 hours each)

R. CtEer sue“ stions

 

r"‘he shelter mana3ement course calls for an in- shelter
stay. Juich of the followin3 time periods do you feel
would be of most benefit to participants?

A. inter Bde P.L. - Lme r3e 11:00 A.L. (followi in3 day)
3. Lnter L:OC P.l. — 31er3e LzCO P.h. (followin3 day)
C. L iter 6:CC P.h. - 3:cer3e ll:JC A.k. (following day)

(Please keep in mind participants work schedules.)
‘ following personnel contacted

Le
es) in m3 area. (L3. Schools, in—
)

I would like to see c
(Publicity and Brocnur
s.

dustry, service clue

 

 

Please indicate which day or days of the week you feel

 

 

9.

e note below any

,_ 112 -

 

 

He would greatly appreciate your su33estions
course offerin3s,

in3 all proposed
assist us in our
remaining Space.

plann1n3

 

 

 

Additional comments:

s local conditions you feel should
aken into account concernin3 your own area.

concern-
and hope you will
by commentin: on them in the

 

 

 

 

 

 

CIVIL 9535155 RJSPCLSIBILITY

 

 

 

APPLIQIX III
CIVIL Ifiififlflij CCUESLS Cl VAL/TLJ'UILSR
LCLL DELIVngéIfY'Lul 1141C1 P-K¢3:anu

 

The Llorida Institute for Continu
GUS) under contract to Lepartme
ense will conduct for this
Cours during ‘
consist of a 36-hour thelter Lana; men
a 3 Lonitor1n3 or
courses are CCL approved and desi3ned

51’

CS 1;.

'i'l
Jj

I
e
f

structors to assist local Civil Lef ens
State Agencies in the trainin3 f enel

logical Lonitors.
In aCdition

in conjunction with this A3ency,
Governme

duct,
Civil Lefense Conferences for
purpose of these conferences is to rea
officials of the continuin3 need for C
evaluate the present stat us 01 the Civ
cludin3 the snelter pro3 ram at 1ederal,
els. (XNLCOPGUCG dates and looat ions w
later date.

at of

to t11e instructor courses

r1
\A

University Stu ies
Lefense, C1fice of
ency, eight Civil Le-

. hese courses will

t for Instructors and
Instructors. The

to train Q‘u alified in-
e or2anizations and

ter Lanagers and Ladie—

1113

EICUS will con-
a series of 6-hour
nt Cfficials. The
ppraise government
ivil Lefense and to
i1 Leiense Pro ram in-
State, and local lev-
ill be announced at a

 

 

 

1:3.1LLDL‘i CF CLASouS
RALICLLGICAL hCNITCRIE} (IL
c1153
NC. ST 11I1‘ DAT£ CLOSIHG LATE
l 21 Cctober 63 25 October 63
2 18 November 63 22 November 63
3 23 January 6L 2; January 6h
L. 9 Larch 6h 1; Larch 63
_ 113 _

srxvcrces)

LC CATICL‘I

Nest CL Area,
Tallahassee

North CD Area,
Gainesville

Central CD Area,
Tampa

South CD Area,
Riami

SHJLTE] LALAGLELT (IESTRUCTCR)

 

 

CLASS
U". STARTILG LATE CLCSIKG LATL LCCATICK
l 18 November 63 22 Lovember 63 West CL Area,
Tallahassee
2 2 Lecember 63 6 Lecember 63 North CL Area,
Gainesville
3 3 February 6h 7 February 6; Central CD Area,
Tampa
q- 23 Larch 6h 27 Larch 6; South CD Area,
1.1 i a 01 1
(Class Time: 9:CO A.h. to 4:00 P.L.)
"CURSE IJSCJIPTICE

 

RALICLCGICAL LCMITCRIHG: A 32-hour course desi3ned to qual-
Ify selectedfindividuals as radi0103ical monitor instructors,
to provide the technical back3round necessary for advanced
training as radiological defense officers, or assistant rad-
iological defense officers, and to provide a training source
for other personnel whose assignments require extensive
knowledge of radiological defense.

 

L The course covers basic concepts of nuclear science and
nuclear weapons effects; types, Operation and use of radio—
103ical defense equipment and practical experience in using
radiological equipment in radiation areas; formation, pre-
diction and decay of radioactive fallout; protection against
fallout; source handling techniques; monitoring Operations;
and defense a3ainst chemical and biological agents.

SHELTjR LARAGSMBNT: A course designed to cover 36 hours of
instruction, and to provide technical background and training
required by shelter management instructors, who may then train
those who are to serve as shelter mana3ers and their staffs.
Participants will be required to Spend some portion of their
time in shelter living using shelter accommodations.

 

The course provides the prospective shelter management
instructor with technical information required for shelter
management and for training others. The problem of nuclear
weapons effects is reviewed in relation to the national

shelter pro3ram and protection a3ainst these effects. The
course offers understandin3 of tne community shelter sys-

tem and includes a field st d3 of protot3pe and other com-
munity fallout shelters.

dmphasis is placed upon mana3ement of community fall-
out shelters and instruction includes: or3anization and
staff requirements, supplies and equiptnent, shelter entry,
shelter operations, shelter livin3, and emergence from
shelter. A shelter exercise enables class members to ap-
ply that they have studied in the classroom to get on-the-
job trainin3, and to gain experience in shelter living, in-
cluding the physiological and psychological aspects.

 

 

STUDENT LUALIFICATIL1IS FOR FICUS I‘L? 313_1Uc TCR LLU3333.A33 N33
SALE A5 mJLUlqu 1*Lx L * 33333 LLL333 LLU333s As LULLIU3U

 

‘ _
L13; ..
3 133 Lou SLATE LLL1 3 LLU;s3 CATALCG.

 

CCU {15:3 III 3 'l‘gLU CT 915

 

SHELTER LAEAGEEEJT: hr. Glenn Goerke
Coordinator for the
University
CU Extension Program,
FICUS

 

VUAD ICLCGICAL ILAATC 1r Robert Kohler

{a adiological Safety
Cffioer

Florida State University

I

E.)

 

CIVIL DjEjLSE CCn1LLAJC‘S: Mr. Harry Hu3hey
Assistant Coordinator,
University CU Extension
Pr03ram, FICUS; and the
State Civil Defense Staff

deCLL 1””? P3 CE DU LES

 

Application for enrollment in the Instructor Courses
should be submitted through this Agency to FICUS, Talla-
hassee, Florida, at least two weeks prior to starting date.
Classes are limited to 25 students. Priority for enroll-
ment will be given to those organizatUDns who do not have
a trained Shelter and RadiolO3ical Instructor.

Enrollment applications are included in a course bro-
chure being distributed to all County CU organizations and
State Agencies by FICUS.

APP LXI.) JL IV.

 

L :1“- L33 IZYTRCifUC’i‘ICIl

Lctcber 2, 1963

tIll

I would like to ta Le
a for th

mp ortunity to introduce both
myself and cu r pro 3 ra1 r

C
CL IO [lb J’GaI’.

CDC)

Ly name is Glenn A. Goerke, Coordinator of Universit3
Civil Lefense extension, and I represent the Florida Insti-
tute for Continuing University Studies.

Cur institution, along with universities in the other
39 States, has contracted with the Lepartment of Lefense,
with tne full COOperation of the Florida State Civil Lefense

‘3enoy, to conduct a serie es of courses 1or Shelter Lana e-
Le t and Radiological Lonitorin3 Instructors. fh.e courses
will be offered in various parts of the state ‘qron3. our

extension services to make them more readily available.

In aodd1ticn to these courses, we will to
series of ’0n1eroices for public officials de
st

civil defense reSpons1icilities of federal,
3cvernment.

.‘

The contract for this fiscal year calls for h Shelter

ianarceent courses, 3 Radiological Lonitorin3 courses, and
lo Conferences for Governre ntal officials. I point this up
to show that full state cherage will not be attained this
3ear out rather on an ongoing basis over a period of time.

L

"\

In the event that your area is either directly involved
or within a reasonable distance of course offerings, we would
be deeply appreciative of your assistance in both pr03ram
publicity and recruitment.

If courses or conferences are situate; in your particu-
lar county, I will be contacting you personally for back-
3round information and assistance in securing neces sar3 fa-
cilities.

-ll7-

Letailed descriptions of both course oiferi
sonnel involved will.txa.forthcomin3 from the State C
Civil Lefense in the immediate future.

In closing, I would line to say that we are pleased to
have the opportunity to work with you on this cooperative
program, and we hope that you will feel free to avail your-
selves of our services in any way we can be of assistance.
Your su33estions and criticisms of our offerings will be
welcomed as a base upon which to strengthen our common goal
of total Civil Lefense operational capabili y.

Sincerely,

Glenn A. Goerke

Coordinator, University Civil
Lefense jxtension

Florida Institute for Continu-
ing University Studies

L.)
.3

(Q)
0
D

APPLiLIK V

 

APPLICATICH FCR iliCLLLfiKT

 

 

This inrollnent Eorm should be conLleLLd and for—
warded tnrou3n your local and/or State Civil Le-
fense Cffice to tne Elorida Institute for Contin-
uing University Studies in Tallahassee. Please
type or print information requested. Application
for enrollment are considered in the order in
which they are received. It is therefore impor-
tant that you mail this enrollment well in advance
of the be3innin3 date of the course you wish to at-
tend .

 

 

 

 

TITLE CE "LU1ss
“.L..
It};
Late
L131 LILL-«1Ls3 Inks—LIJLTS ELLE 1LL1135 (St.—City_
INITIAL L1 1P1LIC"LT (Lr.- Zone-State)

Lrs.-Liss-Lilitary -or other)

 

B IJHCM ALPLCILER PCSITICN:

YLUR CIVIL LSEJISJ EulI time ELM LLHG HAVE YLU SELL

ASSIGHREHT Part Time THIS POSITION
Volunteer

 

SELLELY YLUR 15131531311 C3 I151 CIVIL Lifi‘fii‘ied —

 

eute11u1a12nn1.ewp33

 

 

’T‘ T ‘1 {1 1
_J _L |
‘ ‘ ~' “ "1‘" J": -- ‘. '1 3“”; ‘_ '1_ '1 '71 '- ;1 I: 1 ;,1,31 _j' !‘I 1- “' 1 ‘ ‘13-”1 3.317”
CClJiJLULj-J ADJ.) L13 IJJJLJLDILI Laulqua lilJ..'Jl.U1.JJ‘J .1de3 JJCJU-L_'J.LIQ
”“' , 1
prom lo

 

 

 

 

-115-

- 119 -

 

V‘ :1 :‘h ’1 ’: “ f “' ‘5' 1‘: ‘1 ‘ r“ fl "1"" "‘ ’m'N’ ‘ , IT! "'1,“ "' ' '-"1
S111“: Aqu‘JAI-Lbu vi '1'. i'anvull‘iq (2d 1111-1111 1111’ -

 

STAmi CTHEfl SAPflRIiLCj fiJLAHJL TC Til CCUxéfl YCU D33 33 -

 

AsW ILLICAJE YLU1 11111113 11 c111331 SCIJHCEIALL/Cfi
1 ‘103 11 RALICLCGICAL 1391153 —

 

ALLTI‘ILLAL I1~J1*C1111A‘l‘l£li, IE AL? (identify “'7 item number) —

 

Upon successful completion of any instructor course for
which I have applied, I agree to serve as an instructor
and to ccnhuct similar courses fer the Civil Lefense or-
ganization in my area.

Signature

 

Late

 

 

Si3nat1re of State Civil LeTense Lirector

 

Ei3nature ofi‘Local Civil Lefense Lirectcr

 

—.-—,..

AuhfglsffiAPIVE leTRUCTICLS

l>-—.

 

Reimbursement to students under AL 25-3 (Student Reim-
bursement Program) for attendance at FICUS courses is not“
eligible. However, political subsivisions participating in
the Personnel and Administrative Expenses Latching Funds
Pregram may receive 50p reimbursement for expenses involved
in sending Civil defense personnel or volunteers with definite
civil defense reSponsibilities to these courses. Travel must
be in accordance with State Travel degulations and travel of
non—paid civil defense personnel must be authorized in ad-
vance by the State Civil Lefense Agency.

Lo registration fee is required for either course and
all instructional material will be furnished by FICUS.

Course schedule and classroom location and other admin-

strative information will be provided each student upon con-

i
firmation of enrollment.

BY AUTHCRITY CF THE STATE LIRECWCR

OFF I C IAL :

 

b. d. Aldrlcn
Leputy Director

Distribution:
Schedule "C”

7.

8.

11111111 v1

 

 

 

QUESTICNNAIRE
Age
Sex: Male Female
Martial Status: Single Carried
Divorced Widowed Separated

Please check highest grade of schooling completed:

7th ____ 8th ____ 9th _____ lOth ____ 11th ____
12th ____

College: 1 year ____ 2 years ____ 3 years

4 years ____I Grad.

If a college graduate, please indicate major:

 

Please list the Civic, Professional or Fraternal or-

ganizations of which you are a member:

 

 

 

‘What is your present occupation, and by whom employed?

 

 

How were you first made aware of Radiological Monitor-

ing and/or Shelter Management Instructor course(s)?

- 121 -

1.0.

ll.
12.

NeWSpaper Program Direc-
tor
Radio
Civil Defense
Television Director (county)
Employer Civil Defense
Personnel
Cther (Please (county)
Indicate)
Friend

Do you feel course recruitment publicity was adequate?
Yes No
If not, what suggestions would you make for improve-

ment?

 

 

 

Prior to taking the Radiological Monitoring and/or
Shelter Management Instructor courses, did you have
other Civil Defense Training and/or experience?

Yes No

 

 

If so, please specify training and/or experience and

where it was received. (Course, City and State)

 

 

 

How long have you been a resident of Florida?
Were you requested to enroll in the course(s)?

Yes No

1.30

1h.

15.

'16.

If so, by whom: ____ Employer
County Civil Defense Personnel
State Civil Defense Personnel
Friend

Other (Please specify)

 

If your enrollment in the course(s) was voluntary,

please state the reason for participation.

 

 

 

Prior to taking your training did you consider the
Civil Defense program to be an essential part of our
total defense effort?

Yes No

 

 

What was your attitude toward Civil Defense prior to
taking the classes?

Favorable Indifferent _____ 'Un-
favorable
As a result of having taken the training, what is your
present attitude toward Civil Defense?

More favorable

Less favorable

Essential program

Not essential program

17.

h‘
_ 1.1/1)‘I _-
bl,

Do you now believe that the general public considers
the Civil Defense program to be essential and/or sig-
nificant?

Yes No

SHELTER MANAGEMENT GRADUATES

 

18.

A.
B.

Kindly check the tepics that you considered to be sig-
nificant, not significant and those that could have
been omitted from the Shelter Management course.
Please check each topic listed below in one of the
categories.

Tepic Significant Not Significant Omitted

 

 

Weapons Effects
Protection
against weap-
ons effects
National Shelter
Program
Community Shel-
ter system
Visit to Shelter
Facility
Shelter Organ-
ization and
Staff
Shelter Facil-
ities, Supplies
and Equipment
Shelter Opera-
tions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shelter Exer-
0186

Shelter Infor-
mation Pregram

Shelter Exercise
Review

 

 

 

 

 

 

M.

Tepic Significant Not Significant Omitted

 

 

Shelter Emer-
gence

 

 

Group Dynamics
and Interper-
sonal Relation-
ships

 

 

Shelter Living

 

 

Planning and Ad-
ministering
Shelter Manage-
ment Training

 

 

Course Summary

 

 

Examination

 

 

Course Evalua-
tion

 

 

Graduation

 

 

In reviewing your shelter experience,

The stay was of too short a duration?
The stay was of too long a duration?
The stay was of sufficient duration
to gain experience?

Enough psychological situations were
included?

Experiences were provided in all areas

of shelter living?

The stay was too severe?

The stay provided a real learning
experience?

The same objectives could be accom-
plished without a shelter living ex-
perience?

Cots should have been provided?
Better bathing facilities should be
provided?

The shelter commode should be used?
Better communications equipment was
needed?

Government supplies should be sup-
plemented with additional food and
equipment? .
Pre-shelter instruction was adequate?

do you feel:

Yes
Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
Yes
Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

If not, what else could have been done?

No
No

No
No

No
No

No
No
No

No
No

No

No
No

 

 

20.

21.

RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING GRADUAT‘S

22.

B.

C.

Civil Defense

- 126 -

Shelter assignments should be made Yes No
earlier and discussed with each
person?

Please list any other suggestions you may have for im-

proving the shelter living experience.

 

 

 

What tepics should be added to the Shelter Management

course?

 

 

 

E—U

 

Kindly check the tepics that you considered significant,
not significant and those that could have been omitted
from the Radiological Monitoring courses. Please check
each tepic listed below in one of the categories.

Tepic Significant Not Significant Omitted

Basic concepts

of Nuclear
Science

 

Effects of Nu— II

clear'Weapons

 

Radiological
Instruments

 

_ 127 _

Significant Not Significant Omitted

 

 

Operation Pros-
pect (Exercise)

 

 

Instrument Fa-
miliarization
(Exercise)

 

Radiological
Monitoring
Techniques

 

 

Radiological
Defense Equip-
ment (Exercise)

 

Instrument Cal-
ibration
(Exercise)

 

Area Monitor-
ing (Exercise)

 

 

Radioactive
Fallout

 

 

Fallout Fore-
casting

 

Decontamination

 

Dose and Dose
rate calcula-
tions

 

 

Effects of Fall-
out and radia-
tion exposure
guidance

 

 

Radiation Pro-
tection (ex-
ercise)

 

 

National Civil
Defense Pro-
gram

 

 

Protection from
Fallout

 

 

Radiological
Defense Moni-
toring Opera-
tions

 

 

Source handling
techniques

 

Defense against
Chemical and
BiolOgical
Agents

 

 

Significant Not Significant Omitted

 

U. Student Profic-
iency Exercise

V. Course Examina-
tion

W. Course Examina-
tion Review

X. Monitor Train-
ing Techniques

Y. Course Evalua-
tion

Z. Graduation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

23. Were there enough exercises in the Radiological Moni-
toring course?

Yes No

 

If no, please indicate what additional exercises could

be added?

 

 

 

2h. 'What tepics should be added to the Radiological Moni-

toring Courses?

 

 

INSTRUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

 

25. Do you consider that your instructor was:
Extremely well prepared.
Well prepared.
Adequately prepared.

Poorly prepared.

- 129 ..

26. In reviewing your class instruction, do you feel:

A. The lectureqmethod was ever used? Yes ___ No ___

B. There was sufficient time for
discussion? Yes No

C. Printed materials given to you ___ ___
were sufficiently informative? Yes No

D. Sufficient use was made of —_- '—_-
visual aids? Yes No

E. Content was pertinent to your ___ ___
local situation? Yes No

27. ‘What suggestions do you have for improving course in-

 

struction?

 

 

28. Do you believe you have had sufficient training to be
an effective Radiological Monitoring and/or Shelter
Management Instructor?

Yes No

 

 

If not, what do you feel should be added to your train-

ing?

 

 

 

END PRODUCT TRAINING

 

29. Have you conducted any classes in Radiological Monitor-
ing and/or Shelter Management since completing your
training period?

Yes No

 

 

If yes, please signify in which area:
Radiological Monitoring

Shelter Management

30.

31.

32.

33.

Number of classes held to date:
Total enrollment of all classes:

Where held (City)

 

 

What recruitment techniques were used in organizing

your classes?

Radio Brochures
Television Personal Contact
Newspaper Other

Please indicate below the source(s) from which your

class membership came.

Municipal Employees Business

State Employees Civic Organizations

Federal Employees School Personnel

Industry Other (Please
___—__ specify)

 

What suggestions have your trainees made concerning

course improvement?

 

 

 

What problem have you encountered in organizing and
teaching your classes? (Such as scheduling difficult-
ies, publicity, materials, space for classes, shelter

supplies, etc.)

 

35.

36.

 

 

If you have not conducted any classes, kindly check the
apprOpriate reasons listed below:

A. Inadequate c00peration by local Civil De-
fense Personnel.

B. No organized recruitment program.

0. Lack of physical training facilities.

D. Lack of or inadequate supply of course
materials.

E. I have not attempted to organize a
course.

F. I tried to organize a course but the
reSponse was inadequate to warrant a
course offering.

G. Failure of State Civil Agency and/or
Florida Institute for Continuing'Uni-
versity Studies to provide materials.

H. Failure to secure Atomic Energy Com-
mission Licensing.

I. Failure to apply for Atomic Energy
Commission Licensing.

J. Other

 

 

Do you believe that your trainees considered the prob-
lem of Civil Defense to be a significant one?

Most ____' About Half _____ Very Few ____

Do you now consider our national goal of training
750,000 RadiOIOgical Monitors and 750,000 Shelter

Managers attainable? Yes No

 

Why?

 

IE 7") _-

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