AVAILAflLE ELECTRICAL FARM EQUIPMENT: ITS USE, SUITABILITY, MANUFACTURERS. AND MARKETING Thesis for the Degree of M. 5. MICI‘IIGAN 5TATE COLLEGE Vernon H. Baker 1949 This is to certify that the thesis entitled "AVAILABLE ELECTRIC FARM EQUIPMENT—- ITS USE , SUITABILITY, MANUFACTURERS AND MARKETING” presented by Vernon Htmter Baker has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for M33 . degree in_Agr__1_gI_11t.nra1 Engineering Major professor M-795 AVAILABLE ELECTRICAL FARM EQUIPMENT ITS USE, SUITABILITY, MANUFACTURERS, AND MARKETING By Vernon H. Baker A THESIS Ehibmitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Agricultural Engineering 1949 IL (I . 'lll‘llllllll .{[[ [{‘ Acknowledgments The author wishes to express sincere appreciation to the following: Professor D. E. Wiant for advice and guidance in carrying out the project. Mr. H. J. Gallagher, General Farm Service Supervisor, Consumers Power Company, for suggestions and help in ob— taining information for the project. The many manufacturers who forwarded material for the survey. The Consumers Power Company for making possible the research fellowship which aided greatly in carrying out the project. I3 P‘ Q? CC CI p. -iii- Table of Contents Page Title .............................................. 1 Acknowledgments .................................... ii Table of contents .................................. iii List of illustrations and charts ................... v Introduction HiStory OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO (NI-J Review of literature .......................... Reason for Survey . O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O C O O . Objectives OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO...COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO T‘:eth0ds Of procedure O....00.0000000000000000000000. 03030143 Progress Chart]-OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Results Alphabetical list of available equipment ...... 12 General farm, Section 1 ....................... 16 Dairy, Section 2 .............................. 28 CrOp processing, Section 5 .................... 41 Farm shop, Section 4 .......................... 59 Poultry, Section 5 ............................ 76 Horticulture, Section 6 ....................... 90 Livestock, Section 7 .......................... 98 Insects, Section 8 ............................ 106 Discussion Available equipment and index ................. lll Page Ebw well the available equipment fills farmer's needs 112 Conditions that areholding up rural_electrification 114 Trends in design ................................... 115 Ineffectiveness of manufacturer's advertising ...... 116 Sales and distribution ............................. 118 Summary and conclusions ................................. 122 Problems recommended for further study .................. 127 Literature cited ........................................ 128 Bibliography ............................................ 129 Appendix Progress chart 2 ................................... 132 Progress chart 3 ................................... 133 Progress chart 4 ................................... 134 Progress chart 5 ................................... 135 Letter number 1 .................................... 136 Letter number 2 .................................... 137 Preface to manufacturers directory ................. 138 Manufacturers directory ............................ 139 Available equipment index - Information and manufacturers ...................... 179 [llt [[I‘ [III [ll 1' a y n e . n c o . a e o o u a Q a n o 1 . Q g I o I u I o n D I v A - a v ‘ a . g V I u . n A. V s t a 3 a . u . _ n . u I u I v D I v .- u 0 e u I q a O n n c o t e I 5 O .ll‘llflnl‘l‘ l {I‘ O n i n U s r I o 3 u I e n . . n A o e . o u a e c o a u o n u . o s o c . a e a u r . I Q s V I o . n .I u I l I a a I O O O f t 1 c l n. I R I o O . I O 9 n a a e s o . . a n o a Q n 4 List of Illustrations and Charts Page Chart I -- Progress chart for general farm and dairy ... 8 Illustration 1 -- General farm equipment ............... 1? Illustration 2 -- Dairy ................................ 29 Illustration 3 -- Crop Processing ...................... 43 Illustration 4 -- Farm Shep ............................ 61 Illustration 5 —- Poultry .............................. 77 Illustration 6 -- Horticulture ......................... '91 Illustration 7 -- Livestock ............................ 99 IIIUStrathn 8 -- InSGCtS 00.00.000.000...00.000.000.000 107 Figure 1 -- Estimated sales of farm equipment .......... 119 Letter N00 1 ” contaCt letter ooooeoeeoooeeoeooeoeeeoeo 136 Letter NO. 2 '” RequeSt letter oeeeooooeeeooooeooeooeeeo 157 Chart 2 -- Progress chart for crop processing .......... 132 Chart 3 -- Progress chart for farm shop ................ 133 Chart 4 -- Progress chart for poultry and horticulture . 134 Chart 5 -- Progress chart for livestock and insects .... 135 INTRODUCTION History The expansion of electric power-line service to farmers is considered to be one of the greatest single factors in modern agricultural progress. Man's oldest industry is in the midst of a revolution, because farmers are now putting electricity to work in an effort to complete the mechani- Iation of agriculture. In 1898, a farmer in Yuba City, California, was impressed with the possibilities of what electricity could do for him.1 He had a twoamile power line built to his farm and began using electricity to pump water for irrigation and to Operate a cider mill, a raisin stemmer, and a water pump for house- hold use. . In 1906, one mile of rural line was constructed at Hood River, Oregon, to serve five farms. This was the dawn of rural electrification.1 I In 1924, the eight and four-tenth mile Renner test line in South Dakota began Operation, serving seventeen farms.2 In 1927, the seven-mile Mason-Dansville experimental electrical line, serving fourteen farms, was energized in Michigan.5 Experimental lines were built in Minnesota, Iowa, Neb- raska, and other states. The idea of farm electric test and experimental lines did not originate in any one state. It was started in a national movement by the Committee on the Relation of Electricity to Agriculture.4 This committee knew that electricity could be put to work for the farmer, and was the pioneer in the promotion of the application of electricity to farm production equipment. Private power companies have built thousands of miles of rural lines, and have spent millions of dollars in an effort to make electricity available to farmers. The R.E.A. made money available so that farmers could form electric co-operatives and build their own lines'and generating plants. In a brief period of about twenty-five years, the number of farms in the United States to which electric service had been.made available increased from 177,560, or about 3 percent in 1923, to approximately 3,817,000 farms, or 61 percent, on January 1, 1948.* On January 1, 1949, the total number of farms receiving electric service in the United States was approximately 4,369,100, or about 75 percent. In Michigan the number of farms served is above 165,000, representing about 95 percent. Michigan ranks fourth among the states in the total number of farms served, and tenth on a percentage basis.5 6 Some experts say that agriculture is in for some of the *Statistics from Edison Electric Institute. same efficiency of production methods that have been applied to industry in the past. This can be accomplished only by employing electrically-Operated farm equipment in the right place at the right time. Until the present time, the biggest emphasis on rural electrification has been social in character. Electricity in the business side of farming has been of secondary im- portance. Farmers have barely started to exploit the pro- fitable uses of electricity that are available to them. Review or Literature Literature suitable for listing in cataIOgue indexes, and applying directly to this survey, is very limited. Hundreds of two or three page pamphlets and bulletins applying directly to some specific part of the survey were reviewed, but it will not be possible to review or list them here. The Electricity 23 the Farm.magazine was relied on for some of the basic information about specific equipment. Three investigators are engaged in, or have carried out, studies similar to this survey. Kablev, editor of Electricity 23 the Farm, states that I we have tabulated volumes of material. The trouble of it is, that every manufacturer who builds fans will say he sells barn ventilation, poultry house ventilation, and hay driers, for example. The probabilities are that only a few of them.are pre- pared to handle that type of installation. In other words, there is a lot of sifting still to be done before our compilation is worth anything.... 'We are continuant with the making of our directory. , Our purpose is primarily to have the information so that we can answer questions from farmers. Gingles8 , former manager of the Farm Electrification Bureau, states that one of the blind spots with respect to electrically operated farm equipment is that there is no central clearing house for the distribution of information pertinent to this equipment. In past years information concerning this equipment was compiled and distributed by the C.R.E.A. This commit- tee, which is no longer in existence, did an excellent job of coordinating research and collecting data on electrical equipment. Watts9 , of ghg‘gggm Journal magazine, has issued a directory of electrically operated farm equipment manufac- turers. This directory is not complete, but it has proved very valuable to rural electrification workers. Surveys and directories have been issued by Montfort of Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and others, but there is not, at the present time, a comprehensive survey available on electrically operated farm equipment. Reason for the Survey It has been predicted by many authorities that by 1952 the job of building lines to carry electrical energy to farms ‘will be substantially completed. The connection of farms to power lines is only the beginning of farm electrification. If farmers are to maintain a level of maximum profit during the present period of high labor costs, it is imperative that electricity be utilized to the fullest economical extent. Even though a large percentage of the farms in Michigan have electric service, few farmers are making electricity work for them to the fullest extent in increasing production, lowering the cost of production, and raising the standard of living. Possibly this is due to the fact that one of the weakest linksin the farm electrification program of today is the lack of knowledge on the part of dealers and farmers about the various types of electrically operated equipment and where such equipment can be secured. As a result of war- time and post-war high prices, many farmers now find them- selves in a good financial position to completely mechanize their farms with the new electrical farm production equip- ment which is being manufactured. This survey is being made so that farmers may benefit by knowing (1) what electrical farm production equipment is being manufactured, (2) what the equipment can do for them, and (3) where the equipment can be secured. Objectives of the Survey A. Primary 1. To gather information as to the types of electric 2. 3. 4. 5. farm production equipment now being manufactured. To determine who manufactures this equipment. To determine what this equipment can do for the farmer. To collect application pictures Of each piece Of equipment. ' To have the above information assembled so that it may be printed in a booklet by the Consumers Power Company, or some other organization, and distributed free to farm service personnel Of electric power companies, dealers, county agricultural agents, and farmers, in order to promote the utilization of electrically Operated equipment on farms. B. Secondary l. 2. 3. 4. 5. To determine how well the available equipment fills the needs of the farmer. To determine some of the conditions that are "holding up" rural electrification development. ‘ To list new trends in design. Tb investigate the effectiveness of manufacturer's advertising. I To study sales and distribution problems. Methods Of Procedure The method Of procedure will be described, and the steps numbered, in the order in which each item was accomplished. 1. In order to determine what types of electrically Operated farm equipment were manufactured, a letter was written to the Rural Electrification Administration re- questing this information. The list was not complete, but was used as a starting point. Additions were made from magaaines, manufacturing indexes, and commercial literature, to complete it. Titles Of the publications reviewed are given in the bibliography. Over three hundred uses of electricity were listed. A number Of these uses were over-lapping. Household equip- ment uses were omitted. This left less than two hundred types Of electrically Operated farm equipment which was being manufactured. In order to carry out the study in parts, the uses of electricity on the farm.were divided into the following eight sections: General Farm ...... Section Dairy.............. Section Crop Processing ... Section Farm Shop ......... Section Poultry ........... Section Horticulture ...... Section '4 O) (n 0h 0! DO I4 Livestock eeoeeeeee SOCtion Insects ........... Section 8 The most important part of the method Of procedure was the keeping of a complete and up-to-date progress chart. This 02:.2Ea mOu .qu LO mmmEDZ whopmd zmktmg FOR PRINTING 00:3.qu om>omaa< mm.>mm m2; mei 02;>d.mo m2: ZOCOQ PICTURES mourn. 00.4.4520 Noz $th museum mnmqmoam no mmmsag; E 0522 N62 mutual % $23200 no $9232 E .62 ”mt”: mmjemm mnm1». the d..ir;.' section. - nvu "IW' / I illustre tian 2 - 50 - BARN CLEANER See Illustration 2. CHURNS Electrically operated barrel, plunger, and dasher type churns are available. A pOpular type consists of a Jar or milk can with a plunger or paddle mounted on a long motor drive shaft. A 1/10 hp motor is commonly used. Hand Operated barrel churns may easily be converted to motor drives by means of a gear speed reducer. The barrel should turn at about 50 to 60 rpm. CREAM SEPARATORS Cream separators with electric motor drive are available in both floor and table models. Separators may be purchased with or without the electric motor. The hand powered separa- tors that farmers have may be driven with a 1/4 hp electric motor by attaching the necessary parts furnished by the manu- facturer. FAN (VENTILATION) Ventilation fans are used in dairy'harns to remove moist, stale air from near the floor. Air intakes are designed so that air will be delivered upward against the ceiling without creating a draft. Fans may either by allowed to run constantly through the winter or be controlled by speed reducers or by thermostats. Ventilation fans are generally driven by a 1/20 to 1/4 hp motor. The fan capacity should be about 60 cubic feet per minute per 1000 lb. cow, or six changes of air per hour, provided the barn houses its alldted number of cows. There should be about one intake for every four cows. A well designed ventilation fan system will: 1. Provide a drier and a more healthful atmosphere for the cows. 2. Retard the decay of barn timbers and siding. 5. Save piping, paint, and wiring. 4. Provide more comfortable working conditions for the men. HEATER (MILK HOUSE) In cold climates it is very desirable to have some form of heat in milk houses in order to keep the utensils above the frost point. A temperature of about 40 degrees F. is considered sufficient by some authorities. The milk house may be heated by the following types Of electrical heaters; l. Plug-in radiant heater or fan type. 2. Heat lamp type. 5. Electric hot water radiator. The portable electric plug-in type is most popular for small milk houses that are occupied for two or three hours each day.’ Several heat lamps may be mounted above the washing trays in order to keep the hands warm while washing utensils. The electric hot water radiator with circulating fan has been used with success. Hot water from the dairy hot water heater may be circulated through the radiator. The power company rural service advisor should be consulted before attempting an installation of this type. Tests are presently being carried out to investigate the possibilities of heating the milk house by using the milk cooler refrigeration plant as a heat pump. HOIST (MILK CAN) A vacuum Operated hoist to be attached to the milker vacuum line is now being produced by a manufacturer Of milking machines. Full milk cans may be lifted from.milk coolers to a truck or a loading stand by the vacuum hoist. This hoist operates from the vacuum.on the milker, and the rate of raising a can is controlled by a lever which controls the amount of pressure in the vacuum chamber of the hoist. - 33 - Electric power hoists are available which can be mounted on overhead tracks for removing full milk cans from the cooler to the truck or loading platform. ICE CREAM FREEZER Ice cream freezers are being manufactured with a built- in motor mounted above the agitating mechanism. Most hand, Operated freezers may be driven with an electric motor by mounting a pulley on the shaft of the freezer, securing the freezer to a solid base, and connecting the electric motor to the freezer pulley with a "V" belt. The speed reduction may be obtained by using a large home-built plywood pulley. LIGHTS in the Dairy The majority of dairies may be satisfactorily lighted with ordinary incandescent bulbs installed in reflectors. The average dairy barn is very poorly lighted. In most barns it is almost impossible to see if the cow's udder is clean. The Operator usually milks in his own shadow. This condition can be improved by prOper design of the lighting system. There is some controversy over the effects of ultra- violet light in the dairy. Some authorities report favorable - 54 - results and others report no change. In the Coverall issue of "Electricity on the Farm", August - September, 1948, the following information appeared about ultra-violet light. Ultra-violet light with a wave length of 2537 Angstrom units has the greatest killing power. Germicidal and bactericidal lamps and steri- lamps have demonstrated conclusively their ability to kill bacteria and molds in the air and on surfaces hit by the rays. The rays do not penetrate beneath the surface. At present the most effective use of the rays is in killing germs in the air and in providing a screen of rays which germs cannot pass alive. Germicidal rays produce painful but not permanent eye ir- ritation in humans and animals. The rays should be shielded so that they will not enter the eyes directly. MILK COOLER Milk coolers are available in the following types: 1. Coolers in which cans are immersed in mechanically cooled still or agitated water. 2. Coolers in which refrigerated water is sprayed over the cans. 3. Surface coolers in which milk passes over the cooler through which brine, refrigerated water, or a refrigerant is pumped. 4. The dry type of refrigerated compartment in which cans of milk are stored. Desirable milk cooler specifications are: l. PrOper cooling of bacteria-laden tOp milk to below - 35 - 50 degrees F. in two hours or less. 2. Ample water with agitation or ice capacityibr quick cooling to below 50 degrees F. in two hours or less. 3. Storage capacity for both night and morning milk. 4. Unobstructed walls for cleaning and sanitation. The wet, or immersion, coolers are made in sizes Of from 1 to 16 cans, and the compressors vary from 1/4 to 2 hp. There are more immersion type coolers in use today than any other type. The agitation immersion cooler coolw milk faster than the cooler in which the water remains still. Many farmers have installed agitators in their old coolers in order to circulate the water so that the cooling time will be reduced. The spray cooler is being manufactured by one company. The milk is cooled by spraying refrigerated water over the cans in a front opening cabinet. The surface cooler is used mostly in dairies selling bottled milk. It is not generally recommended for the average dairy because it is difficult to keep clean and it is easy for the milk to become contaminated with foreign material while exposed to the air. The electric milk cooler is one of the best paying in- vestments on the farm because it cools milk quickly and holds it at a safe temperature (below 50° F.) until time to be sent to the milk plant. This enables the farmer to deliver a high quality milk with.possible premiums. - 35 - MILK REFRIGERATORS Very few milk refrigerators are used on farms for cooling market milk. This is due to the fact that it takes a longer period of time to lower the temperature of milk in an air refrigerator than it does in the water immersion type of milk cooler. Walk-in refrigerators are used mainly for holding milk in dairies for short periods prior to pasteuri- sation or after pasteurization, and in retail dairy instal- lations. MILKING MACHINES Milking machines are available in two types - pipe line units and portable units. The pipe-line milker consists of a milking unit and a vacuum pump connected to a permanently installed distribu~ tion piping system. .A vacuum outlet is provided at each cow. As the milker is moved from cow to cow, a new outlet is used. The portable milker consists of a vacuum.pump and a milking machine made portable. A 120 volt outlet is neces- sary for each cow in order to provide power for the portable unit. A long cord makes few outlets necessary, but it is inconvenient and becomes soiled easily. 1. There are two types of pipe line milkers. 3. 4. a. In the first type, milk is drawn into a single or double unit milking pail. b. Milk Parlor type. The milk passes from the cow into a receiver, then through a pipe di-‘ rectly into the milk house. There are two types of portable units. a. One type has the pump, motor, and pulsator on tap of the pail. b. On the other portable milker, the motor and pump are on a cart that can be wheeled from one cow to another and plugged into 110 volt outlets. advantages of milkers are: Savings of labor. They reduce the time of milking more than 50 percent. Make it possible to increase 8176 of herd with less labor costs. Cleaner milk. Eliminate difficulty Of getting satisfactory hand milkers. PASTEURIZER (HOME) Small electric home milk pasteurizers with a capacity of l to 2 gallons are now being manufactured. One type of unit pasteurizes milk in quart jars and the second type pasteurizes milk in l or 2 gallon cans. The milk is suspended in a water bath which is heated with thermostatically controlled electric heating elements. The advantage of this is cleaner and safer milk since disease-producing bacteria which cause tuberculosis, typhoid fever, diphtheria, scarlet fever, septic sore throat, undulant fever and various intestinal disturbances, especially among children, are destroyed. STEAM CLEANER The steam cleaner is now available for use in cleaning milk houses, milking parlors, and poultry houses. This cleaner is a steam vapor cleaning machine that produces a driving spray of saturated solution at effective tempera- tures and pressures to clean and sterilize. The specifi- cations Of one steam cleaner on the market are as follows: Operating requirements: 75 gallon per hour water supply with 110 volt, 50 to 60 cycle single phase power supply, for pressure wprayer 1/4 hp motor. Fuel: water is heated with fuel oil burner, 6 gallon tank capacity. Solution tank: sufficient chemical solution to add to the water for 4 hours of Operation. Thermostatically controlled. Operating pressure: 60 to 90 pounds. STERILIZER The sterilizer is used to improve milk quality by eliminating most of the bacteria on the utensils. After truazrough washing and rinsing in 180 degree F. water, the utensil is ready for sterilization. WATER HEATER {There are three major types of electric water heaters for lasso in the dairy: the pressure heater, the pour-in or no pressure type, and the immersion type heater. 3.. The pressure type is the most popular. It is built much like the household hot water heater and is connected to the pressure water system. Dairymen have found that a 50 gallon to 100 gallon size off-peak heater insures that plenty of hot water will always be available. If a continuous current heater is installed, a 30 to 50 gallon tank will generally suffice. The pour-in heater, or no pressure heater, is used where a pressure water system is not avail- able. In order to get a bucket of water out of this heater, a bucket of cold water must be poured in at the top. The cold water is baffled at the bottom of the tank and it rises to the top when heated or 5. - 4o - When another bucket of cold water is poured in. This type is usually built in 10, 20, and 30 gallon sizes. The immersion type water heater is built in two types: 8.. The heating element is mounted on the wall. When a 3 gallon bucket of water is hung over the frame of the heater, a switch is turned on which turns on the heater. When the water is hot, the pail is removed and the switch is automatically turned off. The small hand-size 500 to 1500 watt heater may be immersed in a bucket or milk can. These units should be underwriters approved before buying. CROP PROCESSING EQUIPMENT Section 3 - 41 - Section 3 Electrically Operated Crop Processing Equipment Corn Corn & Cob Crusher ............. craCker eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Drier eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Grader & Sorter eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Husker & Shfiller eeeeeeeeeeeeeee Shellar eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Dehydrator .........................O Elevator Augir Type eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Blower TYPO eeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeee Freight eeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee MGChanical Cup eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Pneumatic for Grain eeeeeeeeeeee Portable for Hay, Ear Corn & Grain... Ensilage Cutter & Silo Filler ....... Fans (for Drying Hay, etc.) eeeeeeeee centrifugal eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Propellor eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Feed Grinders Burr M111 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Hamer M111 .................... P101161. M111 ......‘C............ Feed Mixer .......................... Frost Prevention (See Horticulture).. Flour M111 (Small) .................. Hay Chopper (See Ensilage Cutter) Drier (See an) HOiSt eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Hoist (Power)(See Farm Shop)......... Information Page 44 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 48 49 50 50 50 50 52 52 55 55 54 ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....O... Manufacturers Page 145 145 145 145 145 144 145 147 147 147 147 148 148 148 148 148 148 150 151 151 152 152 156 - 42;- Information Huller Alfalfa & Clever Seed ...... Oats eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeo Pea, Bean eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee MOIBSSOS Heater ooeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Potato Bag Tier (See also Hort.) .. Grader (SOC Hort.) eeeeeeeee Washer ( See Hort.) ........ Seed Cleaner & Grader ........... Drier eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Duster>& Treater ........... Germinator ................. Silo Unloader oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeo Wagon Unloader eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee. Page 55 55 55 55 ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... Manufacturers Page 155 156 156 161 162 165 165 170 170 171 171 172 176 » [m4 « "4‘ The silo unloader will de- 1 , liver silage from the top of ‘ x” a silo to a feed cart by mere- ly pressing a button. The un- loader is supported by cables as shown above. The rotating collector arm (A)delivers dry, wet, or frozen silage to the center where it is picked up and blown into the silo chute. The blower and scraper arm is ‘operated by a 3 H. P. motor. The unloader is operated from ' the barn floor by switches (B) and (C),using lever(L)tO lower _ the scraper mechanism as si- lage is removed. OccasiOnal trips must be made into the silo in order to lower the de- livery pipe. This labor-savor may be movad from silo to silo. Picture courtesey of Leach & CO., Oshkosh W sconsin. Illustration No. 3 Showing a page from the Crop Processing Section CORN Corn and Cob Crusher An ear corn crusher designed for electric drive is now on the market. The crusher has a capacity of about 400 pounds per hour and is driven by a 1 hp motor. The corn is completely shelled from the cob and the cob crushed to pieces. Very little of the corn is cracked. This machine may be used for shelling or making a cob orhusk litter. The shelled corn, crushed cobs, and litter are separated by a separating device. It is possible to use the corn and cob crusher in conjunction with a small hammer mill. In this way the farmer could grind "ear" corn with small electrical equip— ment. Corn Cracker The corn cracker is a feed mill designed to crack or crush corn into large pieces. When corn is cracked, better digestion results, and less undigested feed will pass through the animal. Corn Drier Corn has been dried successfully by forced ventilation in slatted bottom bins and in cribs equipped with slatted - 45 - air ducts. The forced ventilation is accomplished with motor- driven fans of the prOpeller ani centrifugal type. If the outside temperature gets below 60 degrees F. and the relative humidity above 65 %, the use of supplemental heat is the surest and safest way of drying corn. Corn Grader The corn grader is a machine consisting of a series of rotating or vibrating screens. Shelled corn is placed in the grader and the kernels fall through the different sized screens into separate compartments or sacks. Corn Husker and Sheller Corn huskers and shellers are generally powered by tractors. Some Special installations may use electric motors for power, 10 to 20 hp. This type of installation is limited to areas where 3 phase service is available. Corn with thehusk on is fed into the machine; the corn is husked, shelled, and cleaned. The cobs, husks, and shelled corn are all separated. Corn Shellers The corn shellers for electric drive are of three types: the plate one and two hole hand shellers, the cylinder shellers, and the corn and cob crushers. The hand type corn shellers may be driven with a 1/4 to 1/2 hp motor by converting the fly wheel to a V- pulley, or by placing a commercial V-pulley on the shaft of the sheller. Care must be taken in selecting a pulley because the converted sheller should be turned at the same speed as the hand sheller. Cylinder shellers require from 3 to 5 hp. This type of sheller may be made semi-automatic due to the fact that ear corn may be fed from a hOpper. See "Corn and Cob Crusher" for a description of this type sheller. The corn sheller may be included in a feed grinding installation. It takes less power to shell and grind than to grind ear corn alone. DEHYDRATORS The dehydrator came into some use during Jorld war II. A number or farmers built their own by placing the fruit and vegetables on trays in a wooden cabinet and blowing electrically heated air Over the product. Two companies are still manufacturing dehydrators for the farm and home. - 47 - The dehydrator was never very pOpular with farmers. The farm freezer is being used today to process a large amount of food on the farm. ELEVATOR Auger Type for Elevating Grain A quick and simple method of loading and unloading small grain from bins or trucks is the auger type elevator. The auger extension pipe is placed in the grain that is to be elevated. Then the rotating action of the auger picks up and elevates the grain to the truck, wagon, or bins. This type elevator is available in different lengths. Blower.Elevator For Grain, ChOpped Hay and Ensilage Blowers for elevating and conveying hay and grain are now available. The blower may be equipped with an auger feed arrangement so that grain or chopped hay, dumped from a wagon or truck, may be conveyed to the blower. Then the hay is blown into the mow or the grain into bins. The hay blowers that are being manufactured have‘ capacities 0f 2 to 5 tons of long dry hay per hour, or 10 to 20 tons of chOpped hay. They require 10 to 20 hp for successful Operation. Small 5 hp blowers are available - 4g - for elevating grain. The blower type elevator is not so efficient for elevating grain as the cup type elevator. Freight Elevator A few ingenious farmers have built freight elevators using a hoist winch, electric motor, and controllers. A factory-built elevator would be safer. The freight ele- vator would probably only be practical on big farms where large quantities of feed, seed, and equipment are moved from one story to another. A safe, economical farm freight elevator is badly needed - sepecially for 3 or 4 story ' poultry houses. Mechanical Cup Type Elevator for Grain The cup-type elevator may be used to elevate grain in granaries, and to elevate ground grain in connection with feed grinding installations. Cup-type elevators are easy to install and require 1/4 to 1 hp motors. Equipment of various sizes and types is available. Pneumatic Elevator The pneumatic elevator is generally used for elevating grain in large granaries and in large or small elevators. - 49 - Electric motors are used to turn blowers which create a vacuum in the elevating pipe. When unloading a truck load of grain, one end of a portable, flexible elevator pipe is submerged in the grain, and the suction created by the vacuum in the pipe causes the grain to be drawn up into the granary or elevator. Portable Elevator for Baled Hay, Grain, and Ear Corn The portable type elevator may be used on the fann for elevating ear corn, baled hay and straw, grain, pota- toes, sacked feed and fertilizer, and other materials. Some portable elevators are made only to elevate small grain and ear corn, and others are made to elevate baled hay and sacked material. Nay hours of back-breaking drudgery may be eliminated by using the electrically- operated elevator. This type of conveyor is generally powered by a l/4 to 1/2 hp electric motor. The majority of portable ele- vatOrs are mounted on two rubber tired wheels so they they may be towed by the farm tractor. The elevator can be raised to a maximum angle of 60 to 70 degrees, and in most cases, the elevating section may be lowered to a horizontal position. - 5o _ ENSILAGE CUTTER & SILO FILLER The ensilage cutter and silo filler of the blower type are generally built into one unit. This type of machine may be used to chOp green hay, corn, soybeans, and other forage crOps that are used in making silage. The built-in blower generally has enough capacity to raise the chOpped silage to the height Of a standard silo. When Operated by motors of 5 to 7 1/2 hp, it is imperative that the cutter knives be sharp, properly set, and Operated at the Optimum Speed. FANS & BLOWERS for Drying Hay, Corn, and Other Crops Characteristics of all fans and blowers: l. The capacity varies with the speed. The capacity at any given Speed decreases as the resistance or static pressure increases. 2. The static pressure againstvunch the fan or blower can Operate increases with the square of the rpm. 3. The power required to operate a fan or blower increases with the rpm cubed. 4. The noise level increases with an increase in Speed. - 51 - PrOpeller type fan. 8. Has a nearly constant load for any given speed. The load does increase slightly as the static pressure increases. Can be mounted in a relatively small Space. Has a relatively high noise level. Has very satisfactory performance. Centrifugal Blower 8. With Backward Curved Blades. (1) (2) (3) (4) With (3) (4) Has a constant load for any given Speed. Is relatively large is size, heavy, and high in price. Is relatively quiet. Very satisfactory performance. Forward Curved Blades. Load varies inversely as the static pressure. Is lighter in weight, cheaper, and runs at a slower speed than the centrifugal blower with backward curved blades. Is reasonably quiet in Operation. In order to be satisfactory for drying hay where the static pressure varies, the dis- charge of air must be regulated by (a) a damper in the discharge. (b) the Speed of the blower adjusted to the desired load. - 53 - FEED GRINDER Burr Mill Type The burr mill feed grinder can crack corn and other grain, or grind very fine. Grinding is accomplished by feeding grain into an Opening between two burred grinding plates. One of the grinding plates is fixed and the other plate is turned by an electric motor of from 1/4 hp up. The burr mill requires more maintenance than the hammer mill, because the burrs wear fast and Often become broken. Burr replacements will increase the cost of grinding. The burr mill may be adapted to semi-automatic grinding, but is more subject tO clogging and breakage than the hammer mill. It is also more efficient for coarse grinding than the hammer mill because Of a more uniform product. There is always some fine material produced with the hammer mill. Hammermill The hammermill is the most pOpular type of electri- cally Operated feed grinder. Grain is pulverized by the impact of hammers rotating at high Speeds. They will crack corn or grind flour, Hammermills are available in 1, 2, 3, 5, and '7 1/2 hp Sizes.“ Larger sizes may be ob- tained for Special installations. - 53 - Most Of the mills have blowers which elevate the ground material to overhead bins. Some of the blowers may be used for elevating without grinding. It is pos- sible to grind three or four grains at one time for a mixed feed. VA one hp electric grinder has sufficient capacity to grind feed for 50 or more cows. It will dO this at low costs if the installation is made semi-automatic by feeding the grain tO the grinder hOpper from overhead bins. This requires little labor. Roller M111 One horespower roller mill feed grinders are now available for rolling grain. Some farmers prefer the roller mill tO the hammer mill because the hammer mill grinds some of the grain into wasteful dust. The rollers can be adjusted for any grain size with practically no dust. FEED MIXER Feed mixers of the vertical screw conveyor type are the most common. They are made in capacities Of up tO 4000 pounds and are Operated by motors of 1/2 to 7 1/2 hp. Ground feed, salt, and concentrates are generally fed to - 54 - the.mixer through an Opening at the bottom of the mixer. A batch of feed can be.mixed in 10 to 15 minutes. Homemade mixers have been built from rectangular wood boxes or from 50 gallon Oil drums with shafts placed through the heads of the drums. They should be turned from 5 to 20 rpm. These mixers do an excellent Job of mixing in a matter of 2 or 3 minutes, but are not easily adapted to automatic emptying. MILL For Flour and.Meal Some farmers grind their own wheat because they like whole wheat flour. Others grind corn into corn meal and crack wheat for cereal. The hammermill may be used on the farm to grind flour and meal; however, experience has Shown that it is almost as economical and less trouble to exchange wheat and corn for flour and meal at the com- mercial mill. HAY'HOIST Hay hoists for electric Operation are available in the single and double drum types and require from 1 to 5 hp for driving power. In order to be practical, the electric hay hoist should be installed so that it will save man labor, - 55 - horse labor, or tractor power at haying time. 'The single driven type with the weighted pullback can be arranged SO that it can be Operated with rOpes by the man on the load. HULLER Grain and Seed The grain and seed huller may be used for cleaning and hulling alfalfa and clover seed, peas and beans, oats, and other grain. Some of this equipment is custom built. Farmers who grow alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, and oats for seed, will find that a higher grade of seed will be Obtained by prO- cessing with the huller. MOLASSES HEATER The molasses heater is used to heat black-strap mo- lasses when mixing feed. Some farmers mix molasses with roughage and silage. In cold weather it is especially desirable to have the molasses heated and mixed with water so that it may be mixed with the roughage easily. SEED CLEANERS AND GRADERS OR EANNING MILLS The fanning mill or seed and grain cleaner cleans and grades small grains, soy beans, clover, and other farm seed. Grain and seed are generally separated into three divisions: 1. Large seed for planting. 2. SecOnd grade containing halves and smell seed. 3. Dirt, chaff, weed seed, and small pieces. In a well designed farm granary, grain may be cleaned as it is combined, thereby eliminating foreign material which may cause spoilage. ,A 1/4 hp motor will Operate the usual farm-type cleaner and replace the men used to turn the cleaner by the old method. SEED DRIERS Seed driers generally consist of a source of heat and a blower (fan) that forces hot air through the material being dried. The blower and heater are made portable by mounting them on a trailer. Heat is obtained from an oil or gas burner, and the blower is generally powered with an electric motor, 5 to 10 hp. SEED DUSTER.AND THEATER Most seed treating machines fall into three broad classes: rotary cylinder, gravity, and spiral conveyor. The rotary cylinder and the spiral conveyor are operated with electric motors. The rotary treater is recommended for applying non- volatile disinfectants to seed. It may also be used in application of volatile powders. Powder and seed are placed in correct proportion inéide a drum mounted on an axle. The drum is rotated with an electric motor until the seed is well coated with the powder. In the spira; conveyor treater, the seed and dust are mixed together by means of a rotating spiral conveyor or by a series of small paddles mounted on a revolving shaft. As the seed is treated it is also carried forward to the sacking end of the machine. SEED GERMINATOR The seed germinator is a device similar to an electric oxen with automatic heat control. The equipment is used for testing seed corn, beans, wheat, and other seed, to determine the number of seed that will germinate in a given sample. SILO UNLOADER See Illustration 3. ‘ WAGON UNLOADER Many farmers build their own wagon unloaders by cons- tructing the entire unit or by buying the unloading unit and adapting it to a.particular wagon or truck bed. Home built units may consist of a canvas, spread out the length of the wagon or truck bed, and attached to a cylindrical roller driven by a motor and a spped reducing mechanism. As the canvas is rolled on the cylinder, the product to be unloaded is moved toward the end of the bed. Two companies are now manufacturing a 1/5 to l/2 hp motor driven conveyor that can be installed in the bottom of wagon or truck beds. These conveyors will transfer chopped hay, silage or grain to the hopper of an elevator. FARM SHOP EQUIPMENT Section 4 Section 4 Electrically Operated Farm Shop Equipment Information Manufacturers Page Page Air compressor ...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO... 62 000000000 139 Battery Charger Trick-1.9 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 00000 0.. 62 000000000 140 vacum Tube OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 62 000000000 140 Concrete Mixer .. .................. ...... 65 ......... 142 Vibrator . ..... ........ ....... .. 63 ......... 143 Drill Portable 0 000000000 O. 00000 .0000. 64 000000000 145 Post OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00000000 64 O 00000 00. 145 Press 0 0000000 0000.. ....... 000.0 64 O 00000000 146 Fan (Cooling & Exhaust) . ....... ..... 65 ......... 148 Forge Blower ......... ..... . ......... 65 ......... 162 Glue Pots 00000000000000 00000 00000.0. 66 0.0000000 152 Grinders BenCheeeeeee eeeeee eoeeeeeeeeeeo 66 000000000 155 Portable 000000.000. eeeee eeeeeeO 66 000000000 153 Grindstones 000.000.000.000... 000000 O 67 000...... 154 Hammereeeeeeeoneee eeeee eeeeeOeeeeeo 67 000000000 154 Hoist (Power) .l ....... . ............ . 67 ......... 156 Lathes metflOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 68 00.00000. 157 WOOd 000.0000...0.00.00.00.00... 68 00.0.0... 157 LightB(TrOUDle) oeeeeeeeeeeo-eeeeeeo 68 eoeeeeeeo 158 Mbtors (See also General Farm) . ..... 68 ......... 161 Planer OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ...... .0. 69 00.0.0... 162 lPump Gasoline ... ...... ......... ..... 7O ......... 165 Grease 00.000000000000000...I... 7O O ........ 163 - 50 - Information Manufacturers Page Page Sander Bench 0 O O 0 O o O O O o 0 e O 00000 O 0 O O O O O 70 0 0 o O O O O O O 168 Portable 0 O O C O O O O 0 O O 00000000000 70 O O O O O O 0 O O 168 Saw Band OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00000 O 71 00000 000. 169 Metal Wood Circular .............. ..... ... 7l ......... 169 Cut-off Raid Portable Rip H‘ck ...OOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOw... 72 000000000 170 Jig 00.0000... 00000 O 000000000 O. 72 0.0.0.0.. 170 Shapers (Metal) .................... 72 .... ..... 171 Shears (Sheet Metal) .......... ..... 73 ... ..... . 171 Soldering Iron .......................... 73 ......... 172 Pat 0.00.0.0...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 74 000...... 172 Sprayer (Paint) .................... 74 ......... 173 vulcanizer ... 000000 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 74 00.00.... 176 Welder ............................. 75 ......... 173 As shown above, compressed air can be used for inflating tires, lubriCnting e;uipmenti paint and_insecticide spraying, cleaning equip— r ment, and operating a tools. Portable or stationary types are avail- able with or without storage tanks. all air compressors should be equipped with safety valves, and those with tanks should have pressure gauges. It is desirable to have a pressure controlled switch to turn on and off the } hp electric motor which operates the compressor. Picture of compressor, courtsey of American Brake Shoe Company. Illustration 4 Showing u page from the farm shop section. _‘ - 52 - AIB.COMPRESSOR The air compressor is used to compress air for inflating tires on cars, trucks, tractors, and other farm mohines; for paint and insecticide spraying; and for cleaning farm equip- ment. Farm air compressors are generally Operated by 1/4 and 1/3 hp electric motors. Some small compressors may not re- quire a pressure tank, but in most cases a pressure switch for starting and stopping the motor are desirable. The compressor may be stationary or mounted on wheels or a truck for use about the farmstead. The power consump- tion will vary depending on the amount of compressed air used. See Illustration 4. BATTER! CHARGER Battery chargers are used to charge car, truck, tractor, and other storage batteries (up to a hydrometer reading of 1.250 to 1.275). Battery chargers may be of the vacuum tube rectifier type for quick charging, motor generator set for medium charging,or of the plate converter type for slow trickle charging. The motor generator set may be constructed in the farm shop by using a 1/4 hp electric motor to drive a car generator with a V-belt. An ammeter should be connected in series with the car generator in order to determine the rate of charging. If turned at normal speed, the ordinary car generator will generate current at the rate of fifteen amperes. The rate of charge for the other two types of chargers may be obtained from the manufacturers. CONCRETE Mixer The small electric motor-driven mixer may be used to mix mutar, fertilizer, and feed, and for seed treatment, as well as to mix concrete. Farm concrete mixers are usually of the three cubic foot (1 sack) size. Most of these mixers can be driven with a 1/4 hp motor. Vibrator The concrete vibrator is electrically-driven and is especially useful in concrete form work. After the freshly mixed concrete is poured into forms, the vibrator is moved about in the concrete. The rapid vibrations of the vibra- tor cause the concrete to settle into all parts of the form, and at the same time cause some of the fine particles of sand to work toward the edge of the form. This results in - 54 - a smoother finish on the outside Of the concrete when the forms are removed. DRILL Portable Portable electric drills are generally driven by uni- versal motors and are of two types: low speed and high speed. These drills will Operate on 110 volt ac or dc current. The high speed drills are built to take drill bits up to 3/8 inch in diameter. Drill bits from 3/8 inch to 1 inch may be useLin the various slow speed portable drills. Drill Press Drill presses may be obtained in the bench, floor, and wall or post types. Drill presses are rated according to the maximum size drill that the drill chuck will hold. These drills are generally driven with a 1/4 hp electric motor. Hand operated post drills may be adapted to driving with a 1/4 hp electric motor by attaching a V;pulley to the fly- wheel. - 55 - PEN Cooling and Exhaust During the hot summer days when the temperature in the farm shOp may be as high as 90 to 105 degrees F., a cooling or an exhaust fan will keep the shop cooled down to a com- fortable working temperature. An exhaust fan or blow er could be installed in the wall or window near the forge in order to take out some of the forge gases and at the same time cool the shop. A cooling fan could be placed on the working bench or above the working area. FORGE The electric blower coal forge enables the farmer to keep a hot fire when he is heating metals for blacksmith work. The electric blower eliminates the Old type of crank blower. GLUE POTS Electrically heated glue pots, in which glue is main- ‘tained at a working temperature, are available. Hot glue is used to secure large pieces of wood, to repair furni- ture, and to construct other equipment on the farm. - 66 - GRINDERS Emery Wheel Emery wheel grinders may be obtained in the bench, the floor mount, or the portable type. The bench grinder is the most commonly used grinder, and is generally driven by a L/4 hp electric motor. The floorbstand mounted type of grinder is the heavy duty 1/2 to 1 hp type of grinder, and is used for plow sharpening, grinding welded parts, machinery repair, and for wire brushing. The portable electric grinder with flexible shaft is generally driven by a small universal electric motor. Various sizes and shapes of grinding tools may be used with the portable grinder to sharpen mower knife sections with- out removing the cutter-bar from the machine, to clean machinery for painting, and to do grinding operations on large fans machinery in places where the bench or floor-mounted grinder could not be used. The surface speed of emery wheels should be 4000 to 6000 ft. per minute. At 4600 ft. per minute, a 4 inch.wheel should turn about 4400 rpm, a 5 inch wheel about 3600 rpm, a 8 inch wheel about 2200 rpm, and a 10 inch wheel about 1750 rpm. - 67 - GRINDSTONEB Grindstones driven by 1/4 hp electric motors are avail- able. The old hand crank type of grindstone is easily converted to a motor driven unit by attaching a V-pulley of the correct diameter to the shaft of the grindstone. The diameter of the V-pulley should be such that the surface speed of the wheel will be about 400 feet per minute. Grindstones of 12 to 24 inches diameter’should be run at about 130 to 65 rpm. HAMMER The electric hammer is a portable hand machine similar in shape to the portable electric drill. A small electric motor turns a mechanism in the hammer which causes the plunger or the hammer to vibrate very rapidly. The electric hammer may be used to drive nails, spikes, and rivets, to drill holes in concrete and hard materials, and to chip masonry. HOIST The electric hoist consists of a block and tackle geared to a push button step and start elntric motor. This type of hoist could be used in the farm shOp to -68.. lift heavy objects such as the front or rear end of the tractor, or for lifting the motor out of the tractor. LATHES There are two types of lathes that may be of great value in the farm Shop where the farmer has special mechani- cal ability. The bench or floor type metal lathe may be used to machine and repair parts of farm tools and machinery. The bench type wood Lathe is generally used on the farm to make tool handles, repair furniture, and to turn down wooden parts for farm machinery. LIGHTS Trouble The trouble light is nothing more fizan an ordinary light bulb placed in a protective socket at the end of a special rubberbcovered extension cord. This type of light is very useful in the farm shOp when 'work.is being done on the tractor, combine, and other machi- ,nery when the ordinary ceiling lights will not give enough light for working inside the machine. -69- ROTOR The electric motor is one of the most valuable pieces of electrical equipment on the farm. The four maJor types of ac motors that are being manufactured today for farm use are the repulsion-induction, the capacitor, the split phase, and the universal type. Some manufacturers have stopped manufacturing repulsion-induction motors below 1 hp. The capacitor motor costs less per hp than the repulsion-induc- tion motor, and is suitable for turning most farm equipment up to 10 hp. Listed below is the type of motor that is recommended for some farm shop sq: ipment: I Air Compressor -----------------------Capacitor or Rep.-lnd. Battery Charger ----------------------Capacitor Concrete Mixer --------- ------------- Capacitor Drill (Press) ------------------------ Capacitor Drill (Portable) --------------------- Universal Fan(Cooling) ----- -------------------- Split Phase . Fan (Exhaust) ------------------------ Split Phase of Capacitor Forge --- ----------------------------- Split Phase Grinder (Bench) ---------------------- Capacitor Grinder (Portable) ------------------- Universal Hoist -------------------------------- Rep.-Ind. or Capacitor Lathes ----------------------------- -Capacitor Planer ------------------------------- Rep.-Ind. Sander --- ---------------------------- Capacitor Saws ----------- - --------------------- Capacitor Shears ------------------------------- Universal Sprayer ------------------------------ Capacitor or Rep.-Ind. - 7o - PLANER The small electric planer consists of an electric motor driven tool mounted in a planing table. The planer may be used in the farm shop in the side-line industries such as making tool handles, brooders, bee hives, trap nests, and furniture. PUMP Grease The automatic compressed air grease pump may be used in conjunction with the farm Shop air compressor. When machinery is lubricated with the compressed air grease gun, the lubricating grease will be forced to all parts of the friction areas. Greasing by this method is better and quicker than by the hand grease gun method. Gasoline Pump The gasoline or fuel pump with underground storage tank should be near the farm shop. Pumps registering in gallons canly, or indicating gallons and dollars and cents are available. The electric indicating fuel pump enables the farmer to filJ.machinery fuel tanks rapidly and at the same time have 11 cumulative record of the amount of fuel used, both in dollars and gallons. - 71 - SANDER Sanders may be obtained in two styles. The bench type sander that uses the rotary belt principle may be used to dress lumber and to clean metal tools and parts of machinery. Probably the most valuable sander is the portable elec- tric type. This sander is similar to the portable electric drill, except that various sanding attachments are used to clean rusty farm machinery, remove old paint from machinery, and to polish and do other cleaning Jobs. SAWS There are five types of electrically Operated saws which can be used in or about the farm shep. These are the band, circular, hack, Jig, and the portable electric type. Band Saw The band saw consists of a set of rotating pulleys «aver which an endless flexible saw blade is driven. This saw'is used to saw irregular shapes of metal, wood, and plastics. Circular Saw Three general types of motorbdriven circular saws are available for farmers . l. The circular cut-off saw for cutting fire wood, -72- logs, etc. 2. The circular'rip saw used in the chap for ripping and sawing lumber. 5. The portable hand circular saw used in carpentry work. Hack 5km: The power hack saw is very useful in the farm shop. The electric motor is geared to an eccentric, which causes the saw blade to oscillate in a horizontal plane. The power hack saw may be used to cut the softer common metals such as brass, copper, iron, aluminum, and mild steel. Tool steel should be cut with an emery cutter or an acetylene torch. Jig Saw The Jig saw and the circular saw are used for about the same purposes. The Jig saw consists of an electric motor connected to an eccentric which causes the saw blade to «oscillate in a vertical plane. The blades of the Jig saw are generally shaped like the ordinary hand hack saw blade, 'but in.most cases are smaller in size. The Jig saw may be used to saw irregular shapes of wood and metal. - 73 - SHAPER Metal The metal shaper is a planing machine which is used to plane metals and plastics down to desired dimensions. This type of machine is too expensive for use in the average farm shap. The shaper could possible be used in a community or co-operative Shop where a number of farmers have their repair work done on a c00perative basis, or where they do their own work. SHEARS Sheet Metal Electric sheet metal shears are available, or an at- tachment that may be used in conJunction with a portable electric drill may be obtained for the purpose of cutting sheet metal. The electric sheet metal shears consist of two vibrating cutting Jaws geared to a small portable universal electric mo tor . Sheet metal shears may be used for cutting metal sheets to make brooders, ventilators, and other sheet metal equipment. SOLDERING Iron The electric soldering iron is used to solder electrical ~44 dd—h-wl_ -74... wire, to repair utensils, and to repair other farm parts and equipment. The common name for equipment of this type is “soldering iron", but actually the tip end of the sol- dering equipment is made of copper. Copper conducts heat better than iron. SolderingJPot The soldering pot is used to melt quantities of solder or babbit. A quantity of hot molten solder which is placed in a cup or ladle, is necessary when soldering overuhead electrical wires.' Joints and splices are soldered by dipping them into molten solder in the solder pot. The soldering pot can also be used to melt babbit or lead that is to be used in plumbing operations or for re- pairing farm machinery. SPRAYER Paint The paint sprayer may be used in conJunction with the farm shcp air compressor, or a small portable electrical sprayer may be obtained with a built-in air compressor, to paint farm machinery, farm buildings, automobiles, and trucks, and to spray insecticides. See Illustration 4. .. H -..—1._.___.-._-..__,__.._ . . ... . A4. - 75 - VULGANIZER The electric vulcanizer is a very valuable piece of equipment to have in the farm shop. It is used to repair tires for tractors, trucks, automobiles, and other farm machinery. The farmer can save meney by vulcanizing his own tires in the farm shop. WELDER The electric arc welder is becoming very popular with farmers today. Arc welders for rural lines may be obtained in 500, 200, and 150 ampere secondary current sizes. The 150 ampere size may be used on a distribution system that has a transformer capacity of 3 EVA or more. The are welder is used to weld, cut, braze, heat, and solder most of the thicknesses of metals that will be used in the farm shop or on the farm. The arc welder permits making many repairs and re- inforcing machines without taking down the machine or re- moving broken parts. It has also been used to make many home-built labor saving machines. The farm service advisor of the local power company or REA.Co-0p. should be consulted before buying an arc welder. He will be able to advise if there is enough transformer capacity on the line to take care of an arc welder. . . .- ‘#W —-_..,..._H POULTRY EQUIPMENT Section 5 _ ____‘.__,‘_A4 H. - 75 - Section 5 Electrically Operated Poultry Equipment Information Manufacturers Page Page Alarms (See also General Farm) , . . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . 139 Brooders ............... ....... ..... 79 ......... 141 Caponizers ....... ........ .. ..... ... 81 ......... 142 Debeaking Equipment . .......... ..... 82 ......... 144 Egg Candler ........ ...... . ....... . 82 ......... 146 Cleaner ........... ....... ..... 82 ......... 146 Cooler ........ ........ ........ 85 . ........ 146 Grader ......... ....... ........ 83 ......... 147 Washer .......... ....... ....... 84 ......... 147 Electrocutor ............. ..... ..... 84 ......... 147 Elevator (for Litter) ...... ....... . 84 ... ..... . 148 Fan (Ventilation - See Illus. 5, page 77) ......... 149 Feed (See Crap Processing) Grinder . ..... ........ ......... ......... 150 Mixer ................ ..... .... ... ...... 151 Feeder (Automatic for Chicks) ...... 84 ......... 151 Incubators Large ......OOOOOOOOOOOO. ..... O 84 00.00.... 156 Small ......... ...... .......... 84 ......... 156 Intercommunications Equipment See General Farm . ............. ......... 157 Lights Incandescent .................. 85 Ultra-v1016teeeeeeeeeeeceeeeee 85 eeeeeeeoe 158 Pickero.....................o...... 86 eeeeeeeeee 162 Scalder ............ ....... ........ 87 .......... 170 - 76a - Information Manufacturers Page Page Singer ............................ 87 ......... 172 Steam Cleaner . ......... . .......... 87 ......... 174 Thermostats ... ............ ........ 87 ......... 174 Thermostat Wafers ................. 87 ......... 175 Time Switches a Dimming Devices ... 88 ......... 175 Water Warmer ............. ....... .. 88 ......... 177 waxer OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00000000 89 000...... 178 -_-——-v—-v*w" *— -77- POULTRY rHOUSE Tllustration 5 A should be to remove air as it by the res the birds keep the illllllm 333:? 3;)“ ““""" 3:232:23 Dry air a1 wood-rot a of metal. enter the ufan unit f 'floor and b at the ceil to prevent to the draw the correct OPEN FOR SUMMER poultry house ventilated the moist is produced piration of in order to litter and the poultry With dry house, fewer be lost from disease and parasites. so prevents nd corrosion Air should ventilation rom near the e discharged ing in order drafts.Refer ing bekw,for location of a ventilation fan. CLOSE FOR WINTER \ ALARM Burglar If the poultry house is located a great distance from the farm house, a burglar alarm system of the electric interruption type is good protection against thieves. These alarms can be set so, that when actuated, a bell will ring at the farm house and at the same time a flood light in the farm yard will be turned on automatically. Voltage or Current Interruption The temperature alarm could probably serve to indicate voltage and current interruptions in breeders and incuba- tors. However, if the alarm is connected so that it will ring as soon as the voltage is interrupted, then the Operator will know immediately of the outage. If the temperature alarm were depended on to indicate voltage interruption, there would be a slight delay in the ringing of the signal, because the change in temperature would not be instantaneous. The temperature alarm is especially valuable in the hatchery in order to indicate an increase in temperature when the current is interrupted and the fan stOps. Temperature The temperature alarm is very valuable when raising small chicks because the brooder temperature should be maintained at about 95 degrees F. Experiments have shown that if the temperature falls below 95 degrees F. when the chicks are small, they are likely to have pneumonia and other diseases. It is very desirable to have a temperature alarm device so that if the temperature falls below the ideal, the owner will be notified immediately. See (Brooders) for further information. Temperature alarms may also be used in conJunction with incubators to indicate when the temperature is above or below normal. Baconaas Floor Type There are dozens of kinds, styles, and sizes of the electric hover type brooder available. The floor type brooder is the most widely used by the average poultry raiser. The important thing is to use properly the type of brooder you make or buy. Wiant and Davidson of Michigan State College suggest that a temperatire of 95° F. is a good one at which to start chicks, but that many operators find it more satisfactory to be guided by the action of the chicks rather than by the broader thermometer. If the temperature is too low, the chicks will I'bunch up" and - eo - refuse to come out; but if the chicks crowd near the cur. tain and refuse to go under the breeder, it is an indication that they are not comfortable under the broader tscause of too high a temperature or insufficient ventilation. of Advantages of electric floor type brooder: Automatic controls 7. It will not overheat Eliminates fuel problem. the brocder house on Less fire hazard. warm days. Better feathering of chicks. 8. No chimney to put up More economical. or take down. Keeps air fresh. Does not 9. It makes cold room give off fumes. brooding practical. Disadvantages of electric floor type brooder: Litter more likely to become 2. Possible loss of chicks damp. in cold weather in case of power outage. A good brocder should: Be well insulated. Provide from 7 to 10 sq. in. of space per chick. Provide from 1 1/2 to 2 watts in heater capacity per chick. Types of Electric Brooders The black heat or warm air brooder. This type of broader uses heating elements which consist a fairly large quantity of low temperature heating wire in coil form, or some type of heating unit such as the strip heater. 2. The radiant heat brooder. The radiant heat brooder is heater with some form of lamp, generally of the reflector type. The radiant heat from the lamp heats the bodies of the chicks. The air temperature under this type of brooder will be less than under a black heat brooder of the same wattage. A ther- mometer will not give a true measure of the amount of heat the chicks actually receive. Ventilation of Brooders 1. Fan ventilated brooder. A small fan, about three inches in diameter, is used to draw air down the breeder chimney and cause it to flow over the heating element. Then the air is forced out under the brooder curtain. Some brooders employ the fan to cir- culate the air under the breeder. 2. Gravity ventilation. In the gravity ventilated electric broader, the heated air rises through the chimney or ventilator, while fresh air enters under the brooder curtain. CAPONIZER SET Electric caponizers are preferred by many poultry pro- ducers, because this instrument cauterizes the wound as the testicles are removed. DEBEAKING EQUIPMENT Poultrymen are using an electrical instrument to out about 5/8 inch Off the upper mandible Of poultry in order to prevent birds from pecking each other (often referred to as cannabilism). It also helps to prevent waste of feed from feeders. Some poultrymen use this same instrument for clipping the wings Of chicks. The Operation of re- moving the beaks frcm poultry is safe because there is little bleeding due to the fact that the wound is cauterized as the beak is removed. The Lyon Rural Electric Company pioneered in the de- velopment Of debeaking equipment. The 'Debeaker' is their trademark. The Brower Manufacturing Company also has a debeaking instrument on the market called the "Debiller.' EGG CANDLER The egg candler consists of a viewing lens through which light shines from an enclosed incandescent bulb. By placing an egg before the viewing lens one can tell if the egg is good or bad. Egg Cleaner Electric motor driven egg cleaners are available in two styles: - 85 - l. The small buffer or abrasive wheel type connected to the shaft Of a l/8 or 1/4 hp motor. Each egg is cleaned and buffed separately. 2. The assembly line type where more than one egg is cleaned and buffed at the same time. Machines with capa- cities of up to 1500 eggs per hour may be Obtained. Egg,COOler The purpose Of cooling eggs in hot weather is to remove the heat quickly and to hold the eggs at a temperature of about 65 degrees F. until marketed to avoid deterioration. If the eggs are cooled below 55 degrees F., they will pro- bably sweat when removed from the cooler. This is ObJec- tionable. Egg coolers may be either the evaporative type cooler with an air blast, or the electrically cooled refrigerator type. A number of farmers have constructed the blower type coolers. Galvanized egg pails with Open screen bottoms are placed over holes in a special blower box. The fan which is placed inside the box draws the air through a wet ex- celsior pad and forces it up through the egg pails. EggJGrader Motor driven egg grading machines separate eggs into different grades by weight. Some egg graders have built-in candlers so that the grading and candling may be done in one Operation. These machines may be obtained in small sizes, or up to sizes that will grade twelve 50-dozen cases per hour. Egg Washer Hot, clean water is flushed over each egg thereby lowering the possibility of bacteria spread. The egg washer may be used when extremely dirty eggs are encountered. ELECTROCUTOR The electrocutor is an electrical shocking device used for killing poultry. The shock is reported to relax the muscles, thereby releasing the feathers so the birds are easier to pick. ELEVATOR Poultry Litter One company manufacturers an elevator designed es- pecially to remove poultry droppings and litter from the poultry house. Further information may be Obtained on this equipment by writing the manufacturer listed in the directory. -85.. FEEDER (AUTOMATIC FOR CHICKS) The automatic poultry feeder consists of a continuously Operated motor driven endless belt that receives feed from a hopper. Chicks eat feed from the belt as it moves at a very slow speed. INCUBATORS Electric incubators may be obtained from.the small size of 50 eggs up to mammoth sizes. Incubators with humidity controls and automatic turning devices make the incubation process almost entirely automatic. For better sanitation and more scientific control of hatching conditions, the eggs should be removed from.the incubator and placed in an electric hatcher a few days before hatching time. LIGHTS (In Poultry House) There have'been three types of electric lights used in the poultry house. These are the (1) Common incandescent light (2) Ultra-violet (5) Germicidal or sterilamps. Many authorities believe that light produces a direct stimulation to the bird and that this causes an increase in egg production rather than the consumption of more feed in a longer day. Artificial light is used to stimulate egg production, to bring pullets into laying faster, and to stimulate the -86... growth of chicks. The total hours of light should be 15 or 14. If the lights are used in the morning, no dimmer will be necessary. If used in the evening, some method of dimming the birds to the roost will be necessary. A A good poultry house lighting installation consists Of 40 watt lamps in reflectors spaced about 10 ft. apart, 6 ft. high and half way between the front of the house and the front edge of the dropping boards. The Nebraska and Michigan experiment stations have found that ultra-violet radiationsfrom special lamps are equivalent tc‘feeding Vitamin D in the form of Cod-Liver oil to the flock. Bactericidal, germicidal, or sterilamps have been found to be effective in killing, and inhibiting, the growth Of germs in the air and on surfaces. These lamps have a de- finite control on sanitation in the poultry house, but further investigations need to be carried out before com- plete recommendations can be made. PICKERS The poulwy picker consists of a number of flexible rubber fingers proJecting from the outside of a motor driven drum. The drum rotates at a speed of about 250 to 450 rpm causing the rubber fingers to rub the feathers Off the scalded chicken. -87- Machines with 28 to 515 fingers and driven by 1/5 to 1 hp motors may be obtained. Electric pickers are used by practically all poultry dressing plants. The electric picker is practical for the farmer who sells dressed poultry. SCALDER The electric scalder is valuable to anyone who dresses a number of chickens, ducks, or turkeys. A thermostatic control is set so that the temperature will be held at 128 - 150 degrees F. for scalding. This insures uniform scalding without inJuring the skin. The scalder consists of an insulated galvanized iron, steel, or copper tank, with a 1000 to 5000 watt thermosta- tically controlled heater in the bottom of the tank. SINGER The electrical singer is a portable hand instrument consisting Of a heated element. When the singer is waved over a dressed fowl, the pin feathers and hairs will be removed by singing. STEAM CLEANER Steam cleaners consist Of an oil or electric heater for changing water into steam. -88- See (Dairy) for a more complete description. THEREOSTATS & THERMOSTATIC WAFERS Thermostats are used to regulate the temperature in brooders, incubators, food dehydrators, bee hives, hot beds, anti-pipe freezing installations, potato curing houses, etc. The bipmetallic and the wafer are the two types cf thermostats that are generally used on the farm. The thermostat wafer consists of two contacts connected to a metal bellows. The bellows is generally filled with a fluid. As the temperature increases or decreases, the bellows will expand or contract, thus Opening or closing the contacts. The bi-metallic thermostat consists of two contacts. One is fixed to a metal base and the other to a metallic strip consisting of two dissimilar metals. As the tem- perature increases, the bi—metallic strip will bend away from the fixed contact and the contacts will Open. When the temperature drOps, the contacts will close. TIME SWITCHES AND DIMMING DEVICES Electric time switches are available fcr controlling the lights in poultry houses. Time switches can be wired so that lights will be turned on or Off, or dimmed auto- matically. -89- WATER.WARMER Poultrymen are using electric water warmers to keep plenty of 50 degree F. water available for the flock. They have found that this prevents egg production from drOpping because of a lack Of drinking water in cold weather. There are a number of types of water warmers that may be used: 1. The immersion heater (150 - 200 watts) with a thermostat. 2. Soil heating cable with a thermostat may be placed in long 'V' watering troughs or wrapped around cy— lindrical waterers in order to keep the water from freezing. 5. A few water warmers have been made by placing a light bulb under an enclosed section beneath the water pans. IAXERS The waxer may be used in place of the singer in the final cleaning of fowl. Wax is melted in a container surrounded by an electrically heated water bath. Picked birds are dipped in the melted wax, then immersed in cold water. When the solidified wax is 'etripped off“, the pin feathers and hairs come off with it. ‘ HORTICULTURE EQUIPHEN T Section 6 - 90 - Section 6 Electrically Operated Horticulture Equipment Information Manufacturers Page Page Bagging Machines ...... ...... . 92 ........ 140 Cider Mill & Press ........... 92 . ..... .. 142 Cold Storage (See Gen. Farm) . ........ 166 Dehydrators (See CrOp Proc.) . 92 ........ 145 Driers (Fruit a Vegetable) ... 92 ........ 145 Frost Prevention ............. 95 ........ 152 Germinators (See Crop Proc.) . ........ 152 Graders .... ...... ...... ...... 95 ........ 155 Hedge Clipper ................ 94 ........ 142 Hot Beds (See Soil Heating) .. ........ 172 Irrigation Pump (See Gen. Farm) ........ 157 Peach Defuzzer ............... 94 ....... . 94 PalllnatorOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 94 00...... 168 Soil Heating Cable & Lamps ........... 95 ........ 172 Soil Sterilizer .............. 95 . ...... . 172 Sprayer Portable ................ 96 .. ...... 175 Stationary .. ...... . ..... 96 ........ 175 Tier.0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 96 O. 00000 O 140 Washer ................. ...... 97 ... ..... 176 I 'HIQMOSTAT mun—g THE E MOSTAT BULB . The electric lamp heated hotbed is easily constructed,economical to Operats,and has prOVed to he one of the best method of supplying heat for producing early plants. The lamps are supported above the bed as shown in the picture. Reflectors may he used to direct the heat downward. The schematic dia- gram shows how the lamps, thermostat,and thermostat bulb should be connected. The thermostat bulb is placed horizontally from one to two inches beneatn the surface of the soil. is a result of the heat and lioht received from the lamps, plants may be ready for transplanting two to three weeks earlirr than plants produced from the old method of manure heatius. Electric lamps will protect the plants from freezing and frost, Ag Illustration 6 ‘Showing a page from the horticulture section. -92... BAGGING MACHINES Fruits and Vegetables A bagging machine will enable the farmer to bag pota- toes, apples, and other products, in bags Of 5 tO 100 pounds. Some machines are catch-built and include a grader, sorter, weigher, and tier. A commercial bagging machine will be economical only if the farmer has a large volume or prO- ducts tO be bagged. Possibly a home-built unit would be economical for a farmer with only a few hundred bushels to be bagged. CIDER.MILL Electrically Operated cider mills are available. An electric motor is used tO turn the apple grinder, which crushes the apples and Opens the Juice cells. The same motor Operates the press which presses the pomace dry. Cider mills and presses may be used, not only for apples, but also for grapes and other fruits, for wines, Jellies, and fruit Juices. DRIER Driers for use in drying potatoes, fruits, and vége- tables after washing, are generally home—built. Custom units may be purchased for a specific installation. The farm- built driers generally consist Of a drying tunnel and a conveyor to carry the produce through the drier. Warm air from electric or Oil heaters is blown through the drying tunnel by an electric fan. FROST PREVENTION Some experimental work on frost prevention with elec- tric heaters has been conducted by the Agricultural Engineering department at Michigan State College. This method can be made effective, but the cost is prohibitive over large areas. There has been some work done in California on preventing frost by suspending infra-red lamps in a reflector unit be- tween fruit trees. A company by the name Of Frost Lite Ltd., in Pasadena, California, owns the patents on the bulb type lights for frost prevention.By writing to Dr. F. A. Brooks, University Of California Experiment Station, Davis, California, a full report may be Obtained on infra-red lights for frost prevention. GRADERB Fruits and Vegetables Electric motor-driven graders (1/4 to 1 hp) are used wherever potatoes, apples, and other farm products are pre- pared fOr marketing by size or grade. The grading is done - 94 - according to diameter or weight. In a processing plant the grader is generally'combined with a conveyor and a washer, or with other cleaning equipment. HEDGE CLIPPER The electric hedge clipper is a clipping device powered by an electric motor. Several different types are on the market; the oscillating and the saw type are the most common. The oscillating type is similar to the mowing machine and may have either one.or two moving blades, and one stationary blade. The saw-type trimmer has an endless chain saw blade that is turned by an electric motor. PEACH DEFUZZER The peach defuzzer is used on the fruit farm, in con- Junction with grading and sordng, in order to remove some of the fuzz on peaches. Grade A and Fancy peaches have more color it some Of the fuzz has been removed. An elec- tric motor is used to turn the defuzzing or cleaning machine. The Food Machinery Corporation manufacturers a peach defuzzer. POLLINATOR The pollinator is a portable battery-Operated device. it is designed to create vibrations in order to agitate the -95- air near flowering plants so that pollen will fall from one flower to another. SOIL HEATING Cable and Lamps There are two methods Of heating hot beds with elec- tricity: soil heating cable, and electric lamps. Authori- ties disagree On which is the best method to use. (1) Soil is heated by burying a resistance cable made of insulated heating wire, covered with a lead or plastic sheath, three to four inches beneath the surface of hot beds. The temperature is controlled by a soil thermostat. Information: available in 60 foot sections, 400 watts, 115 volts. Covers 36 square feet, power consumption about 2 Iwh.per day per 60 foot section. The soil heating hot bed can be constructed at home. (2) The electric lamp hot bed is simple and is easily constructed at home. Small bulbs with reflectors beneath the sash are supported from 8 to 12 inches above the soil. See Illustration 6 for a picture and further details. SOIL STERILIZER The soil sterilizer is used to destroy weed seed, in- sects, spcres, and soil organisms that are harmful to the -96- growth Of plants. Two designs are available. One consists Of a metal box, holding 1/2 cu. yd. Of soil, with electric heating elements distributed through the center of the box. The second design consists Of a 1/4 on. yd. flat metal box with sections divided by metal plates. Voltage is applied to these plates which causes current to flow through the soil. The current flowing through the resistance Of the soil causes the soil tO heat, thus sterilizing the soil. Energy consumption is about 1.25 Kwh per cu. ft. of soil sterilized, with an average wattage Of about 3 Kw per one— half cu. yd. SPRAYERS Most electric motor-driven sprayers(portable) are designed for use in the green house or in other places where electrical Outlets are available; few are used in orchards. The electric motor drives a pump which places the spray solution under pressure in the spray storage tank. The spray solution is released through a nozzle at the end of a spray hose. Electric motors are used to Operate stationary spray pumps that are mounted on a firm base at some central lo- cation in the orchard. The spray solution is carried to the points Of distribution through underground pipes. - 97 - TIER There are two types Of tiers available: the bag tier and the vegetable tier. (1) The bag tier is used on the farm to tie bags Of vegetables Of 5 to 100 pounds. A tier is a gOOd investment if produce is sacked for sale in large volumes on the farm. (2) Vegetable tiers are available for typing bundles of carrots, rhubarb, celery, and other vegetables. WASHER Fruits & Vegetables The Federal Government prescribes the limits of the amount Of poison that is allowed on saleable fruits and vegetables, which makes washing equipment mandatory. Washers generally consist Of a mechanical agitator and brushing de- vice that cleans the fruit in a solution of warm water. Washers may be constructed on the farm by using power from .an.electric motor for agitation and brushing, and electric .hesters to heat the cleaning water. Commercial washers are available, LIVESTOCK EQUIPMENT Section 7 - 95 - Section 7 Electrically Operated Livestock Equipment Information Manufacturers Page Page Animal Prods . ........... ..... 100 . ..... .. 140 Branding Iron ................ lOO ........ 141 Brooder . Lamb ............ ........ 100 ........ 141 Pig ........... ...... .... 100 ........ 142 Bull Exerciser ............... 101 . ....... 142 Clippers .... ................ . lOl ....... . 142 Fence ...................... .. 102 ........ 151 Lamb Docker .. ....... .. ....... 102 ........ 15? Meat Processing Grinder ....... . ......... 105 . ....... 159 Hoist (See Hoist) ....... . ........ 156 88" 000000000000000000000 103 0 0000000 159 Shears Sheep 00000000 000000 00000 105 0000 0 00 e 171 Sprayers (See Insects) ..... .. ....... . 172 Stock Tank Heater & De-icer .. 105 ........ 174 Groomer ...................... 104 . ....... 154 Waterers (Hog with Heater) ... 105 ..... ... l7? -99- STOCK-TANK DE-ICER De-icer The de-icer keeps a drinking hole in the ice that forms in stock tanks during freezing weather. It consists of a llO-volt a.c.,500 watt thermostatically controlled heating element mounted in a water proof float. Livestock simply nose the float down or to the side in order to drink. Power consumption is low be- cause power is not wasted by trying to keep the whole tank of water warm or the entire surface free of ice. The de-icer is easy to install. It may be placed in any size or shape tank and plugged into a 110 - volt outlet. The outlet may be mounted on the side of the tank and current supplied by overhead or underground wires. (Picture courtesy of General Elec- tric Company.) Illustration 7 Showing a page from the livestock Section - 100 - ANIMAL PRODS The electric prod consists of a battery-Operated vib— rating mechanism which generates a voltage sufficiently strong to shock a bull, cow, or other livestock. Small dry cells are mounted at the end of the prod, which is about the length of an ordinary walking cane. The shock or sting will not harm animals and has proved valuable in controlling unruly livestock. BRANDING IRONS Electric brainding irons are similar to soldering irons, except that the heated element is generally shaped tO conform with some special markings which the farmer desires to have branded on his livestock. BROODERS Lamb and Pig Lamb brooders are generally constructed on the farm, and are usually made be mounting a 150 watt bulb with re- flector in a large wooden box, or in an enclosed corner in a building. Heat from the lamp bulb keeps the broader warm, and prevents new born lambs from chilling. Pig brooders are manufactured by several companies. The commercial brooders are similar to poultry brooders. - 101 - Successful pig brooders may be constructed on the farm by enclosing a corner or a farrowing pen and mounting a 100 tO 150 watt lamp in a reflector so that it can be raised or lowered in order to vary the heat intensity. The heat from the lamp keeps the pigs warm and dry. Tests at Purdue University show that by using pig brooders an average Of 30 percent more pigs were living at weaning time. The operating cost Of a pig broader is very low. BULL EXERCISER Two companies are listed as manufacturers of bull exer- cisers. In a cold climate where bulls are kept indoors practically all winter; in order to maintain a high level Of vigor it is essential that the animals receive exercise at regular intervals. The bull exerciser is similar to a merry-gO-round. The hull is hitched to a radial lever arm that is fastened to an upright rotating shaft, geared tO an electric motor. The animals follow the lever around in a circle. ANIMAL CLIPPERS Farmers who wish to keep their livestock well groomed will find that the electric animal clipper is invaluable. .Animal clippers are generally powered by a small universal electric motor andxnneume little power. - 102 - ELECTRIC FENCE The electric fence needs no introduction to most farmers, but considerable education is needed to prevent use of un- safe types Of fence controllers. For safety reasons a farmer should never attempt to build his own electric fence. A number of different styles and designs are available. Some farmers prefer the 110 volt ac electric fence controller, and others prefer the 6 volt storage battery type. The battery type is portable and may be used in the “back 40' for hogging Off corn, etc. The 110 volt ac controller requires less attention and is considered safe if approved by the Underwriters Laboratory. The battery controller can be equipped with a trickle charger which will keep the storage battery charged and insure that voltage will be regularly applied to the fence. LAMB DOCKER The electric lamb docker Operates on the same principle as poultry debeaking equipment. Electric heating elements .heat cutting blades which are used for severing the tails Of lambs. The electric lamb docker cauterizes as it cuts, and, to a considerable extent, prevents bleeding. - 105 — NEAT PROCESSING Saw and Grinder Farmers who process their own meat will find that the enactric meat grinder and saw will save time and insure smoother cuts and more uniform sausage. Electric motor- driven grinders and saws are available in small sizes and are economical for the farmer to own. SHEARS Sheep Sheep shears are available in two types: 1. The professional heavy duty shears are Of the Jointed shaft type driven by a 1/4 hp electric motor. 2. The self contained shears, with motor built into the handles, are suitable for small flocks Of sheep. An interchangeable head may be used with this type Of shears for clipping farm animals. STOCK TANK HEATER AND DE-ICER Three types of stock tank heaters and de-icers are in general use: the heated drinking cup; the de-icer; and the water‘warmer. 1. Thermostatically controlled drinking cups. This cup is similar to the barn drinking bowl except that it is - 104 — electrically heater with 115 volts so. The drinking bowl is encircled by a heating unit, and the incoming water is protected from freezing by a heating cable. TO drink, livestock simply nose down a treadle in the base Of the bowl, causing water tO flow automatically. The height of the drinking cup may be adJusted for sheep, hogs, cattle, or horses. ll 1/3 Kwh energy is consumed in one day in the coldest weather. 2. The de-icer.~ The de—icer consists of a thermo- statically controlled heater, about 300 to 600 watts, that floats on top of the water. The thermostat is set at about” 56° F., Just enough above freezing to keep the top Of the tank from freezing over.‘ Livestock nose the float down or tO the side in order to drink. 3. The water warmer or tank heater. The water warmer consists Of a thermostatically controlled heating element, about 1000 watts, mounted down in the watering tank. This heater keeps the volume of water in the tank above freezing and provides a supply of warm water for livestock through, out the winter. WATERER (LIVESTOCK) with Heater The automatic electric livestock waterer, or the elec- ‘trically heated stock drinking cup, consists Of an insulated — 105 - tank heated with a thermostatically controlled heating element. Cylindrical or rectangular models are available. The height of the tank is adJusted for different livestock by burying part Of the tank for sheep and hogs, or elevating it for cattle. GROOMER Livestock men use the electric groomer to clean the coats of show animals. The groomer is powered with a small universal motor and Operates very much like a vacuum cleaner. It tends to brush the coat of the animal, and at the same time removes dtrt by suction. INSECT EQUIPMENT Section 8 - 106 - Section 8 Electrically Operated Insect Equipment Information Manufacturers Page Page Bee Keeper's Equipment Hive Heater . ......... .... 108 . ....... 140 Honey Extractor .... . . 108 ....,... 140 Honey Liquefier & Bottler. 108 . ..... .. 141 Uncapping Knife .......... 109 ........ 141 Insects Screens & Traps . ......... 109 ........ 157 Sprayers (See Illus. 8, PagelO?) - 107 - {M SPRAYlfl; a motor driVOn insect rt livestock, squitoes, s laprayer may buildings,s O troublesome. such as t e 0 will be pro- other insects .lar solut tio on is used in spre years ‘a very effectiv er npenetrat ng spray or \duced. De airy be an ad stables can sprayed in a minutesw wheres as it 3takes much longer to p with the oldm nd sprayer. "" Il~ ldStrltion 8 Showings s poo e from the insect section 0 - 108 - BEE-HIVE HEATER The bee-hive heater consists Of a low wattage heating element, generally under 100 watts, and a heat control to be placed in the hive. This type Of heater is used to pro- vide heat for bee-hives in cold climates: The advantages Of the hive-heater are: l. Elimination Of chilled broods. 2. With supplemental heat, honey will be produced earlier. 3. With the hive heater, less honey will be required for the bee's winter food. 4. Strong colonies can be divided successfully if supple- mentary heat is added. HONEY EXTRACTOR Electric, motor-driven, centrifugal honey extractors are standard equipment for bee keepers. After the honey cones have been removed from the hive and capped with the electric capping knife, they are placed in the centrifugal extractor. The extractor is powered by a 1/4 to 1/2 hp electric motor. HONEY LIQUEFIER.AND BOTTLER The honey bottler consists of a 50 gallon drum submerged in a hot water bath in an insulated water tank, heated with - 109 - 5 Kw immersion heaters. Honey is placed in the drum, heated, drawn out through a faucet, strained and bottled. This unit is generally home built. The honey liquefier for liquefying sugared honey consists of an insulated plywood oven with galvanized iron lining. Con- tainers Of sugared honey are placed in the oven and maintained at 140 - 1600 F. until all granules Of sugar are melted. UNCAPPING KNIVES Electrically heated knives are used for removing caps from honey cones so that the honey may be removed with a centrifugal honey extractor. INSECT SCREENS AND TRAPS The electric insect screen consists of a metal wire screen attached to a high voltage, low current transformer. Sugar, or some other material that attracts flies and insects, is placed behind the screen. As insects attempt to fly through the screen, they are electrocuted immediately. In some cases a bushel basket full Of flies has been electrocuted in a few days. Some electric screens are built around electric light bulbs that are used to attract night-flying insects. This type Of insect electrocutioner has been used successfully on - 110 - porch lights for homes and cottages. This type of insect killer may also be used to destroy insects that are harmful to fruits and vegetables. DDT spraying solution is a competitor of the electric screen. Many farmers have reported better results by using DDT than by using the screen. However, dairy farmers have used the electric fly screen to good advantage in dairy barns. DISCUSS ION - 111 - Discussion Of Available Equipment and Manufacturer's Index The large list Of available electrical equipment may seem impressive at first glance, but actually no one type farm would ever use all of this equipment; few farms would use any significant number of them. In order to get a more comprehensive picture Of the types Of equipment that are available to any particular farmer, the information and equipment was divided into the following eight sections: general farm, dairy, crop processing, farm shop, poultry, horticulture, livestock, and insects. If a person is in- terested in any Of these sections, he can find a list Of available equipment under the above divisions. The illustrations in this report are not to be construed as being the best possible advertising or promotional method Of presenting information. The eight illustrations are actually a start at a method Of presenting information about all Of the available electrically operated farm equipment. Enough information has been collected to make up a one page illustration for each piece of equipment, and it is expected that this idea will be completed by the Consumers Power Company or some other organization. The manufacturer's index is part Of the information found from this survey. There are thousands Of companies who manufacture electrical farm equipment. It would be - 112 - almost impossible to include every manufacturer Of electrical farm equipment in this index. In cases where only a small number Of companies manufacture a particular item, considerable effort was made tO list all manufacturers Of the item in question. In all cases only those companies that responded to letter number one were listed. Any manufacuirer that is not listed will be added in future revisions of this directory on request. Does Present Equipment Fill Farmer's Needs? Judging from the large number Of electrical machines found to be available from this survey, one might conclude that the farmer is well satisfied and his needs are filled. This is far from the truth. True, if all the equipment found available were properly designed and built Of the right materials, the farmer would be a satisfied entrepreneur. The Job Of filling all the farmer's needs for efficient, productive equipment will probably never be completed. How- ever, from this study we have concluded that there are enough types Of electrical equipment on the market to fill most of the farmer's basic needs, provided the equipment is properly designed and constructed. Based on the results Of this sur- vey, and on those Of a study made by Fortune1 magazine, some of the maJor complaints Of farmers and others against - 115 - modern farm equipment were determined. From coast tO coast a dismal chorus of complaints about farm electrical equipment and power machinery comes from agricultural engineers, farm managers, consultants, industrialists, and most Of all from farmers. The maJor complaint concerns mechanical failures, breakdowns, and high repair costs. Replacement parts cost roughly three to four times as much, on a per pound basis, as new machines. Many farmers complain that industry lets the farmer do the pioneering and inventing, then industry attempts to produce equipment that the farmer has invented. Also some farmers say that very Often a piece Of equipment is so poorly designed that it has to be strengthened before it will do satisfactory work. Industry does not take these complaints sitting down. They know that they have done a good Job on a number Of items. They also realize that the companies that have manu- factured poor farm equipment have hurt the reputation Of the good producers. Many of the farmer's complaints can be laid at his own door step. Farmers Often overload, misuse, and fail tO main- tain their equipment prOperly. The farmer's reluctance to buy new equipment with new ideas has held back the develOp- ment of certain types Of machines. - 114 - Industry admits that there has not been enough research and development work carried out in the electrical farm equipment field. This is due to the fact that the average rate Of return for the farm equipment manufacturer's capi- tal investment has not been krge enough tO afford elaborate engineering staffs and research laboratories. Some of the larger industrial manufacturers are becoming interested in the farm market and are putting their engineering staffs and research laboratories to work on new electrical farm equipment. Conditions That Are Holding Up Rural Ebctrification Farmer Manufacturer 1. Low income. 1. Manufacturer creating seller's market. 2. Reluctance to change to some- thing new. 2. Few farm machines have a mass market, so cannot 3. Inability to Operate certain be produced‘at low price. equipment. 5. DO not tend to educate 4. Inadequate wiring and trans- farmer enough concerning former capacity. equipment. 5. Lack Of product education. 4. Lack Of initiative in research and development. 6. Inadequate buildings (con- struction and type.) 5. Some manufacturers have sold a lot of poor ma- 7. Cannot see paying a high price chinery which has hurt unless quick return is Obtained. the good producers. 8. Cost Of replacement parts tOO high. - 115 - Trends in Design Farmers are demanding better and more efficient equip- ment. The different groups, working together to improve Old, and develOp new electrical farm equipment, include equipment manufacturers, State Colleges, government agencies, and agricultural associations. Some of the present trends in design are listed below: 1. Designers are now determining first what the func- tional requirements are for a machine; then they build the machine. There is a trend toward making equipment more com- pact and streamlined. Safety is being stressed more and more. Dangerous moving parts are being covered. More complete instructions are given for complex machinery. Simplification and efficiency are teing stressed. A simple machine can easily be adapted tO mass production techniques. Compromises on the design Of equipment are being made so that a specific piece of equipment may be designed to serve for more than one purpose. New overland and protection devices are being de- velOped for electric motors. Designers are striving to make electrically Operated - 116 - farm equipment more fully automatic sO that farmers may reduce the manpower required on the farm. 8. 'Eye appeal“ is being stressed by most manufacturers. They realize that farmers take pride in how their machines look as well as how the equipment performs. Ineffectiveness Of Advertising If the advertising literature Of a particular item of electrical farm e pment from a number Of companies were placed before a farmer, he would be confused in that he would not know which to believe. The advertising people do not give the farmer enough information in sales litera- ture. Instead Of trying to sell relief from chore drudgery, lower operating costs, and increased farm production, ad- vertisers still try to sell their equipment by trySng to convince the farmer that their equipment is better than any- body elses. This, from the seller's viewpoint, is one Of the best ways Of overcoming competition, but the modern farmer is getting wise to this type Of selling. Farmers are constantly increasing their knowledge Of equipment and farming conditions, and it is time that the manufacturers realize that they cannot pull the wool over the farmer's eyes any longer. Farmers are demanding more and more information about a piece Of equipment before they buy. Among the hundreds of advertisements that were reviewed - 117 - for this survey, a few were outstanding in that they did put across to the farmer what he actually wants to know. Certainly there are some companies that make very extensive efforts to list characteristics of their equipment, based on field tests, but there is plenty of room for improvement. It is surprising that a large number of companies do not have pictures aftheir equipment taken in Operation on the farm. It is believed that an action picture of a piece of equipment taken on the farm will do more toward selling an article than an ordinary catalogue picture. In some of the literature released by one manufacturer of farm shop equipment, it was obvious that the advertising people did not put in any great effort in making up their advertisement. Fbr instance, pictures were taken of new electrical shOp equipment in an old dilapidated farm shop building which was about to collapse. It was obvious that there was not any electrical service in the building. There was a picture of a tractor in the foreground and the farmer standing near the tractor was working on horse drawn equipment. One manufacturer of a water pipe heating cable released pictures of the prOper installation ct their product. Any- one with a critical eye could see that the heating cable, as shown, would not keep the faucet from freezing. Any number of advertisers still try to appeal to the farmer's emotions. Perhaps there is a place in the advertising and selling field for emotional advertising. Some farmers - 118 - are very conservative, and are rather slow to accept new ideas. However, American farms would probably not be so fully mechanized as they are today if emotional advertising methods were not used. Sales and Distribution The dealers of farm electrical equipment do most of the selling. Many private utilities and 3.5.A. co-cperatives follow up their promotional and educational work by selling electric farm equipment, but independent dealers handle the majority of electrically operated equipment. Most electric farm equipment flows from the factory to the wholesaler or Jobber, then to the retailer or dealer, and finally to the farmer. It is easy to see that with this type of distribution system, the manufacturer could loose control of his equipment. What then can be done to further promote farm electrical equipment? Slattery10 states that "education of the farmer and dealer is the primary need.“ One of the biggest problems facing promoters of farm electrification is the setting up and expanding of wholesale and retail outlets.11 The manufacturers have not forgotten this, and they are constantly trying to set up educational facilities and adequate marketing systems for their products. Some of the largest manufacturers of electrically Operated farm equipment are very much concerned over this matter. - 112-) - ESTIMATED ANNUAL SALES OF FARM ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT OVER FIVE-YEAR PERIOD MILKINO CIEAM MILK WATER SYSTEMS MACHINES SEPARATOI! COOLER! BEE. GRINDER! 300.000 125.000 75.000 30.000 Imuflow noun umeluflow an CURING cmcnw nooons svsnus In-” stones mam msnLu'nous § 0 2% $ 125.000 20.000 135.000 25.000 13.000 Fig. 1 Showing typical items of farm electric equipment and estimated annual sales- for them during a five year period I . based on market estimates by . The estimates assume that the speci ied ive year period will begin when manufacturing is no longer hampered by short- ages and an adequate distribution set—up has becn org unized. - 120 - Better qualified dealers must be found. One authority says that the traditional farm equipment dealers often hack the special knowledge and interest that are necessary to promote and sell much of the new farm electrical equipment. Some electrical utilities consider that a ratio of one agricultural engineer to every two thousand customers is Justified. The engineer acts in a purely advisory capacity. His responsibilities include research and develOpment in farm electrification, working with dealers, salesmen, and farm organizations, advising customers on wiring and equip— ment, surveying for line extensions, and keeping records. If the dealer is to sell equipment and do his part in farm electrification, he should work closely with the agri- cultural engineer. He should not sit in his office and wait for business. The easy selling is a thing of the past and real salesmanship will be necessary from now on.12 If the farms in the United States are to be fully elec- trified, the dealer, manufacturer, and wholesaler, the power supplier, and the State Colleges should work together with a program of education and development. The dealer should. know thoroughly the things he sells, and he should supply adequate service and repair facilities. The manufacturer and wholesaler should keep closer contact with equipment after it reaches the consumer, and promote the establishment of better farm and home dealers in rural areas. The power - 121 - supplier should give the best possible uninterrupted service and install sufficient transformer capacity, and State Colleges should set up research projects to help solve some of the farmer' s ele ctrical 1r oblems . Successful Farming magazine made a survey of 11,555 farms served by forty-seven R.E.A. systems, largely in the Mid-West and South. The information obtained will give some idea of the distribution of electrical farm equipment in these areas. Type of Equipment Percent of Percent of Farms Owning Farms Planning Equipment to Buy Within Two Years After Availability Food freezing storage cabinet 0.2 1.4 Cream separators 17.7 5.8 Feed grinders 2.1 5.5 Electric fence 14.9 5.8 Milk coolers 2.7 2.2 Milking Machines 10.5 4.2 Motors up to 1 hp 24.4 5.4 Motors 1 hp and over 4.8 5.5 Electric water pumps 56.9 17.8 Electric waterheaters 5.5 11.7 These figures have probably changed considerably since the survey was made, but they do show that the task of farm - 122 - electrification has barely started, even though approximately 70 percent of U. S. farms can get, or have, electric service. Summary and Conclusions From this study it has been concluded that there are enough types Of electrical equipment on the market to fill most of the farmer's present needs, provided the equipment is properly designed and constructed. If the farmer is to progress and have full access to the production benefits Of electricity, this survey shows that many problems need to be solved. A. The primary objective 1. The primary objective Of this survey has been accomplished. Enough information on available electrically Operated farm equipment, including names Of manufacturers, photographs, and operating data, has been obtained to warrant publication in the form of a booklet to be used for educa- tional purposes. 2. Enough manufacturers are listed under most items in the index to give the farmer a rather wide selection of manufacturers from which to choose a particular piece Of equipment. - 123 - Secondary objective Complaints of farmers and industrys defense of available electrical farm equipment. 1. Complaints Of farmers a. The major complaint concerns mechanical failures and breakdowns. Repairs cost priceless time and money, and cause crOp loss. Awkward engineering means that one small broken part may require a major tear-down job. Very Often a piece Of farm equipment is sO carelessly designed that it has to be strengthened before it will do satis— factory work. A number Of farmers complain that their transformers do not have sufficient capa- city to take care Of their load. Replacement parts cost roughly three to four times as much, on a per pound basis, as new machines. Lack Of initiative Of equipment makers to make improvements is also a factor. Some Of the improvements needed are so Obvious that the farmers make them themselves. f. — 124 - Many farmers complain that industry lets the farmer do the pioneering and inventing, then industry attempts to produce the item. 2. Industry's defense 8-. Many of the farmer's complaints can be kaid at his own door-step. (1) (2) The farmer Often overloads and misuses his equipment. Farmers do not maintain and check their equipment as they should. The variety Of tools required by the farmer does not allow mass production techniques. Semi-custom production methods must be used, which will naturally increase costs. Industry's defense rests mainly on two his— toric facts. (1) (2) Due to the relatively low income Of the farmer, industry must build machinery Of the materials and workmanship that the farmer can afford. The farmer's reluctance to buy new equipment with new ideas has held back the develOpment of certain types of machines. - 125 - Trends in Design 1. Safety, simplification, and efficiency are being stressed by manufacturers. Designers are trying to make equipment more streamlined, compact, and fully automatic. Compromises on the design of equipment are being made so that a specific piece of equipment may be designed to serve morethan one purpose. Manufacturer's Advertising 1. Some manufacturers are loosing contact with their equipment after it reaches the farmer. Advertisements tend to be misleading in that not enough concrete information is given. A number Of manufacturers still try to sell their equipment rather than sell what the equip- ment will do. It was evident that people with engineering training did not check all pictures and data that were released in sales and advertising literature. Some advertisers are not willing to cooperate with public_institutions that are trying to promote their equipment. Some advertisers are still attempting to appeal to the farmer's emotions rather than citing - 126 - examples Of performance and case histories. E. Sales and distribution 1. The dealer should: 3. Know thoroughly the things he sells, including how each is used on the farm. Realize that his goods require selling in the field. Supply adequate service and repair facilities, with special emphasis on replacement parts. Be a wiring contractor himself, or work with the agricultural engineer to see that his customers have adequate wiring. Manufacturer and wholesaler should: a. d. Keep closer contact with equipment after it reaches consumer. Promote the establishment of farm and home dealers in rural trading areas. Provide more education through effective advertising, films, booklets, and lectures. Extend credit where possible. Power supplier should: 8. Give the best possible uninterrupted service to the farm. Employ agricultural engineers to work with farmers. - 127 - 0. Install transformers with sufficient capacitiea State colleges and universities should: a. Set up research programs to solve some of the farmer's problems that industry is not pre- pared to solve. b. Educate the farmer, through the extension service, about farm safety and the proper and most economical utilization Of farm electrical equipment. Problems Recommended for Further Study This survey should be published in the form of a booklet so that the information gathered can be sent to farmers and others interested. Since a survey has been made on the type Of elec- trically Operated equipment that is being manu- factured, future investigations in the gathering, designing, and compiling Of information as to the types of equipment that a farmer can build on the farm would be very valuable. 10. - 128 - LITERATURE CITED ------- ‘--- 1948 Electrical Ideas for Better Farming. Westing- house Electric Corporation pamphlet. pp 4. Patty, R. L. 1924 A Year's Progress with South Dakota Experimental Electric Test Line. South Dakota Experiment Station Bulletin 252. Schroder, A. S. 1946 The Economic and Social Aspects of the Mason- Dansville Experimental Electric Line. Thesis, Michigan State College. pp 1. Kable , G. W. 1951 Electricity on the Farm. Bulletin Of Committee on the Relation Of Electricity to Agriculture, 7: l. Gallagher, H. J. 1948 Farm Electrification in Michigan. Mimeographed address given before the in—service training conference at Michigan State College. May 4, 1948. pp 1. Innes, R. I. 1947 Farm Electrification, The Industry's Next move. Electrical World, May: 116. Kable, G. W. 1948 Letter from Electricity on the Farm Magazine to Agricultural Engineering Department, Michigan State College. June 18. Gingles, R. 1948 Letter to Agricultural Engineering Department, Michigan State College. April 26. Watts, F. E. 1948 Directory Of Manufacturers of Electrically 0Terafed'FEFm Equipmenti’ FEFm Journal,‘Inc. ew or . 25 pp. Slattery, H. 1940 Rural America Eights gp, National Home Library Fbundation. Washington, D. C. pp 5. - 129 - 11. Innes, R. I. 1947 Farm Electrification, The Industry s Next Move. Electrical World, May: 125. 12. ------------ 1948 Selli Farm Equipment. National Retail Farm Eqqumenf Association. St. Louis, Mo. 47pp. BIBLIOGRAPHY - PERIODICALS CREA . 1951 Electricity on the Farm and in Rural Communities. : 1. Farm Electrification In-Service Training Pm mg for Agri- culturaI Workers. is son EIe ctric Institute Bulletin, 1: l. Electricit gg_the Farm I947 CoveralITIssue, 22.(7)= l - 66. Electricit 22.the Farm I923 CoveralI‘Issue,‘gl(7): 1 - 66. Farm Electrification Manual - 1947 Edison Electric Institute, New York. Modern Farm Hel 194§T ME to Electrical Equipment for Farm Production. General Electric CO. , Schenectady, N. Y. 45 pp. Agricultural Engineering ural lectr c ngineering, gg (10): 450. MANUFACTURER'S INDEX Better Farmi Methods I948 InnuaI Directory Issue. '12 (11): l - 114. Bu ers‘ Guide I947 Farm Implement News CO., Chicago, Ill. 512 pp. - 130 - Directory 2; Maquacturers g; Electrically Operated Farm auipment. 4 arm Journal, New York, 25 pp. Farm Equipment Retailing Farm E ui ment Retailing I949 Directory—Issue, Q (2): l - 165. Hatche and Feed Tribune I939 MerchandIsing fiirectory,‘gg (l): 1 - 155. MacRea's Blue Book MacRea's Blue Book 00., Chicago, Ill. 5759 pp. BIBLIOGRAPHY BY AUTHORS Beresford, H. 1945 Rural Electrification in Idaho. University Of Idaho Progress Report 20. Gallagher, H. J. 1948 Farm Electrification in Michigan. Mimeographed address given before In-Service Training Conference, Michigan State College, May 8. 10 pp. Innes, F. R., and Wilson, J. D. 1947 Farm Electrification. Electrical World, 127: 112 - 150. Kable, George W. 1951 Report on Farm Electrification Research. CREA, g: l - 79 Monfort, P. T. 1959 The Use of Ehactricity on Texas Farms. Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A & M, mimeographed publication, 142 pp. Roberts, J., and Smith, L. J. 1947 Progress Report Of the Investigations Of the Various Uses of Electricity for Agriculture in the State of Washington. Washington State College, mimeographed publication, 56 pp. - 151 - Schroder, A. S. ' 1946 The Economic and Social Aspects of the Mason-Dans- ville Experimental Electrical Line. Thesis, Michigan State College, 60 pp. Slattery, H. 1940 Rural America Li hts E2. National Home Library Foundation, Was ington, D. C. 142 pp. Turner, C. N. 1948 Progress Report to the New York Farm Electrification Council. New York State College Of Agriculture, mimeographed publication, 85 pp. I CONSUMERS POWER CO -— MICHIGAN S IAI E COLLEG I . . "la I4 COOPERAI IVE FARM ELEC I RIFICAI ION PROJECI I . . 4 i , LETTERS II PICTURES ,11 VARIICTJEE' FINAL SHEET FOR PRINTING IF I K _ K I OIm1ImOINN1I 4 I PICTUR TO I I— I _J . F I_J I o . II (13’- @0193 mo} I I UE w 5’ > I1mszI 0 ~ 0 Im"m;EuJ4 >_;‘ I —— IJJuJ LIJ Q o —' I I E 0-; TYPE OF qujozquzo‘étqr-WI— z; 3 [:42 c_r_> m o 2 g g <1 <2- .4du;o__4u_,,1 QNME4I QI 3:1 _J... > > _J O a: q u. FE :IEEIH‘OIL‘LU‘IIU—OILLJIIO F-I Q CL Lu 0 <1 ... O z 0 ma: EQUIPMENT 809204020 9 OI 22 Ir 2 :2 .. ... :2 m we- u, Icrtr‘trmcrofuzmu‘d. 'ITLUjOo; CL 0 0 “Mg ,_ Luge: HOE‘LIJLU‘LUUJLUL‘JIIIJE‘MI‘” 1I24Q__ 4 omn1a<¢O m2: 1 1 H , a... .1 A 1, Y. K v. v. .... 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A A, I I—A- I II , I I I APPENDIX - 136 — MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE ans-r LANSING SCHOOL OF AGMCULTURB DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ”WC; September 20, 1948 V Commercial Vice President The XYZ Corporation Chicago, Illinois Attention: Sales Department Dear Sir: For a number of years there has been a growing need among dealers, farm service advisors of electric power companies, and county agricultural agents, for a compre- hensive list of manufacturers who make electrically Operated farmequipment. The Rural Electrification Division of the.Agricultural Engineering Department, Michigan State College, is preparing an Electrically Operated Farm Equipment Manufacturers Index. We would like to include the name of your company in this index. we are especially interested in knowing if you manu- facture electrically-Operated potato seed cutters. Very truly yours, Vernon H. Baker Letter No. l - 137 - MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE EAST LANSING RCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE DBPAR‘DIBNT OP AGRICULTUML ENGINBBIING October 13, 1949 Commercial Vice President The XYZ Corporation Chicago, Illinois Dear Sir: Thank you for your letter of September 25. Surveys reveal that one of the weakest links in the farm electri- fication program today is the lack of knowledge on the part of dealers and farmers about the various types of electrically operated farm equipment that is being manufactured and where such equipment can be secured. To help remedy this condition, the Agricultural En- gineering Department of Michigan State College has under- taken as one of its main projects the tremendous Job of preparing a booklet that will illustrate representative uses of electrically operated equipment and list alphabeti- cally the names and addresses of leading manufacturers. This booklet will then be given free of charge to dealers by the Farm Service Personnel of electric power companies in this area who are serving over 165,000 farm customers. These farm service representatives will also use the booklet in their promotional work out in the field with farmers. we would like~to include your equipment as representative of one of the major companies manufacturing electrically _perated potato seed cutters. For this reason, we are most anxious to secure 4 _identical action photographs of your potato seed cutter taken on the farm. As we have already mentioned, there are over 165,000 electrified farms in Michigan and power companies in this area are eagerly awaiting our booklet. They have assured us that it will be most valuable and it will have wide usage possibly on a national as well as a state level. Your early reply will be greatly appreciated. Yours very truly, Vernon h. bdfier Letter N00 2 - 158 - Preface to Manufacturer's Index No attempt has been made in this index to list all of the possible manufacturers of electrically operated farm equipment. However, considerable effort was made to include a representative list of manufacturers under each item. The literature or advertisement of each company was reviewed in order to insure that each company listed was a manufacturer of electrically operated farm equipment. Household equip- ment is not included in this index. Revision of this directory will be made as names of other manufacturers are discovered. Manufacturers, whose names are not listed in this directory, will be added in future issues on request. — 139 - ELECTRICALLY OPERATED FARM EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS AIR COMPRESSOR The Wayne Pump 00. Ft. Wayne, Ind. American Brake Shoe Co. Rochester, N. I. Westinghouse Air Brake Co. Wilmerding, Pa. Binks Mfg Co. Chicago, Ill. Worthington Pump & Machy 00. Harrison, N. Y. Brunner Mfg Co. . ”tica, N. Y. ALARMS , Burglar Champion Pneumatic Mechy Div. Chicago, Ill. Edwards & CO., Inc. Norwalk, Conn. Curtis Pneumatic Machy Div. Curtis Mfg Co. Gardenhour Mfg Co. St. Louis 20, Mo. Waynesboro, Pa. DeVilbiss Co. Lyon Rural Electric Co. Toledo, Ohio San Diego, Calif. Electric Milking Mach. 00. Fire & Temp. Westchester, Pa. Autocall Co. General Electric Co. Shelby, Ohio Schenectady 5, N. Y. Edwards & Col Ingersoll-Rand Co. Norwalk, Conn. 11 Broadway “ew York City Faraday Electric Corp. ,_ Adrian, Mich. Montgomery Ward 00. Chicago 7, Ill. General Detroit Corp. Roosevelt Park Annex Stn. Power Air Corp. Box 265 “ Chicago, Ill. Detroit 32, Mich. Quincy Compressor Co. Lord-Taber CO., Inc. Quincy, Ill. Canandaigua, N. Y. Takheim Oil Tank & Pump 00. Lyon Rural Electric Co. Ft Wayne, Ind. San Diego, Calif. Freezer United States Air Compressor Co. Cleveland, Ohio Faraday Electric Corp. Adrian, Michigan - 140- ANIMAL PROD Electric Service System 1550 Quincy St., N. E. Minneapolis, Minn. International Electric Co. 1856 W. North Ave. Chicago, Ill. BAGGING MA CHINE Fruits & Vegetables King-Wyse Mfg Co. Elmira, Ohio Paramount Mfg Co. P. 0. Box 1117 Stockton, Calif. BARN CLEANER Acorn Brand Mfg 00. Stevens Point, Wis. Ben zmiller Co. 101 W. Francis St. Stevens Point, Wis. Eagle Mfg Co. Appleton, Wis. Eau Claire Equip. Co. Eau Claire, Wis. Marathon de & Mach. Co. Wausau, Wis. BATTERY CHARGER Motor Generator Usually built at home. Trickle Electric Service Systems, Inc. Minnapolis, Minn. General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. Koeler Mfg CO., Inc. Murlbor, Mass. P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. Indianapolis, Ind. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. Westinghouse Ekactric Corp E. Pittsburg, Pa. Vacuum Tube Allen Electric Equipment Co. Kalamazoo, Mich. Baldor Electric Co. St. Louis, Mo. Electric Service Systems, Inc Minnepolis, Minn. General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. Indianapolis, Ind. Marquette Mfg Co. Minneapolis, Minn. Westinghouse Electric Corp. E. Pittsburg, Pa. Willard Storage Battery 00. Cleveland, Ohio BEE KEEPERS EQUIPMENT Standard Churn & Mfg Co. Wapakoneta, Ohio Hive Heater Lyon Rural Electric Co. San Diego, Calif. Honey Extractor Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. - 141 - Standard Churn & Mg 00. Wapakoneta, Ohio Honey Heater & Bottler Unable to find Manufacturer Uncapping Knife Macy Electric Knife Co. 1259 S. Locena St. Los Angeles 25, Calif. BRANDING IRON Burning Brand Co. 1400 W. Fulton St. Chicago, Ill. Vulcan Electric Co. 600 Broad St. Lynn, Mass. Waage Electric Co. 54 Park Place new York 7, N. Y. BROODERS Chicken Anerson Box Go. 700 W. Morris St. Indianapolis, Ind. Beacon Steel Products 00. Manchester Rd. Westminster, Md. Brower Mfg Co. 215 E. 5rd St. Quincy, Ill. Buckeye Incubator Co. Springfield, Ohio Buesey Products Co. 6000 W. Slat St. Chicago 58, Ill. Chewalls Sanitary Brooder 00. Holly Springs, Miss. The H. D. Hudson Co. 589 I. Illinois St. Chicago, Ill. International Electric Co. 908 W. VanBuren St. Chicago, Ill. Keen Equipment Co. Vineland, N. J. Klein Mfg Co. Burlingtonk Ia. Lyon Rural Electric Co. San Diego, Calif. Macomb Steel Products Co. Macomb, Ill. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. National Elec. Appliance Co. 1550 - 40 W. 117th St. Cleveland, Ohio National Ideal Co. 914 Summit St. Toledo, Ohio Cakes Mfg Co. Tipton, Ind. Rau Mfg Co. Route 3, Box 295 Tacoma, Wash. Royal Mfg 00. Bowling Green, Ohio H. M. Sheer Co. 419 Payson Ave. Quincy, Ill. Trumbull Electric mfg Co. Plainville, Conn. Lamb Usually Homemade. - 142 — Pig BULL H. D. Campbell 00. hochelle, I11. General Electric Co. Schenectady 4, N. Y. International Electric Co. 910 W. VanBuren St. Chicago, Ill. EXERCISER C. M. Dickinson 7408 W. E. 52nd Ave. Portland, Ore. P a C Hand-Forged Tool 00. Portland, Ore. GAPONIZER Mr. George Bevoey Cedar Vale, Kansas Simplex Elec. Caponizer Co. 6044 S. Ingleside Ave. Chicago, Ill. CHURN Alabama Mfg Co. Birmi ngham, Ala. General Electric 00. Schenectady 5, N. Y. Montgomery Ward Chicago, Ill. Standard Churn & Mfg Co. Wapakonata, Ohio CIDER MILL g PRESS A. B. Farquhar 00. York, Pa. New Jersey Agric. Works Danton, N. 4. \_.. ‘ CLIPPERS Animal Andie Clipper Co. Racine, Wis. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, I11. John Oster Mfg Co. Racine, Wis. Sunbeam Corp. 5600 Roosevelt Rd. Chicago, Ill. Hedge Kaufman Mfg Co. Manitowoc, Wis. National Ideal 00. Toledo 4, Ohio Porter Cable Machine Co. Syracuse 8, N. Y. Roberton Div. King Pneumatic 1501 CO. 2717 N. Asnland Ave. Uhicago 14, Ill. Schartew Iron Prod. Co. Racine, Wis. Skilsaw, Inc. 5055 N. Elston Ave. Chicago, Ill. Sunbeam Corp. 5600 Roosevelt Rd. Chicago 50, Ill. CONCRETE Mixer Construction Mach. 00. Waterloo, Iowa Eastern Tractor Mfg Corp. Kingston, N Y. - 143 - General Electric 00. Schenectady 5, N. Y. Gilson Bros Co. Fredonia, Wis. Hawkeye Steel Prod. Co. Waterloo, Iowa Hertler & Zook Co. Belleville, Pa. Knickerbocker Co. Jackson, Mich. Lansing Co. Lansing, Mich. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. New Holland Machine Co. New Holland, Pa. Vibrator Electric Tamper & Equip. Co. Ludington, mich. Marvel Equip. Co. 228 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Ill. Master Vibrator Co. 126 Davis Dayton, Ohio Viber Co. Burbank, Calif. White Mfg. Co. Elkhart, Ind. Wyzenbeck & Staff, J-nc. 858 W. Hubbard St. Chicago 22, Ill. CONVEYORS. General Farm Baughman Mfg Co. Jerseyville, I11. Harry J. Ferguson 115 West Ave. Jenkintown, Pa. Poultry Dropping Cleaner James Mfg 00. Ft Atkinson, Wis. Screw (See Elevator) CORN Corn Cob Crusher J. S. Bloom Independence, Ia. Crackers Munsun Mill Machy Co. Utica, N. Y. Sidney Grain Machy Co. Sidney, Ohio Drier Unable to find manufacturer Grader & Sorter Cleland Mfg Co. 2800 Washington Ave. N. Minneapolis, Minn. New Holland Machine Co. New Holland, Pa. Sidney Grain Mach. Co. Sidney, Ohio Universal Hoist & Mfg Co. Cedar Falls, Iowa Husker & Sheller A. K. Robbins & Co. 715 - 729 E. Lombard St. Baltimore 2, Maryland - 144 - fiosenthal Corn Husker Co. 8229 W. Greenfield Ave. Milwaukee 14, Wis. Sheller Barnard & Leas Mfg Co. Cedar Rapids, Iowa Belle City Mfg Co. Racine, Wis. John Deere & Co. Lansing 4, Mich. Duplex Mill & Mfg Co. Springfield, Ohio Eastern Tractor Mfg Co. Kingston, N. Y. Fairbanks, Morse & Co. 600 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Ill. Harvey Mfg Co. Raine, Wis. International Harvester Co. Chicago, Ill. Messinger Mfg Co. Tatamy, Pa. Minnepolis-Moline Power Imp. Minneapolis, Minn. New Holland Machine Co. New Holland, Pa. New Idea, Inc. Colwater, Ohio Red Cross Mfg Co. Bluffton, Ind. Scottdel, Inc. Swanton, Ohio Sidney Grain Machy 00. Sidney, Ohio CREAM Co. Cooler Experimental Model Michigan State College East Lansing, Mich. Separators American Separator Co. Bainbridge, N. Y. Associated Mfg. 00. Water loo, Iowa DeLaval Separaun'Co. 165 Broadway New York, N, Y. Galloway Co Waterloo, Ia. General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. International HarveetertSa Chicago, Ill. The Massey-Harris Co. Racine, Wis. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. United Dairy Equip. Co. Westchester, Pa. DEBEAKING E UIPMENT Brower Mfg Co. Box 5652 Quincy, Ill. Lyon Rural Electric Co. San Diego, Calif. - 145 - DEHYDRATOR. Millers Falls Co. Greenfield, Mass. H. J. Kaufman Co. 15215 Roselawn Ave, Milwaukee Electric Tool Co. Detroit 4, Mich. Milwaukee, Wis. L. M. Miller Denydrator Co. Montgomery Ward 256 Bethel Dr. Chicago 7, Ill. Eugene Ore. “ Sears hoebuck Write to State Colleges Chicago, Ill- (Most of them are home built) ' Skilson, Inc. DRIERS Chicago 50k Ill. Eruit and Vegetable . Snap-on Tools ”orp. John Bean Co. Kenosha, Wis. uansing, Mich. , Speedway mfg Co. Proctor & Schwartz, Inc. Cidero 40, Ill. Seventh St. & Tabor Rd. Philadelphia 20, Pa. Stanley Electric Tool Div. Stanley Works Hay "ew Britain, Conn. See Fan Syntron 00. Homer City, Pa. Seed United States Elec. Tool Co Campbell Dryer Co. Cincinnati, Ohio Des_Moines 4, Iowa . .1 , VanDoran Electrical Tool Ua Despatch Oven 00. Towson, Md Minneap olis , Minn. Wodack Electric Tool Co. DRILL ' “hicago, III. Portable Post Black & Decker Mfg Co. Towson 4, Md. Buffalo Forge Co. Buffalo, N. Y. Duro Metal Products Co. - Chicago 59, Ill. , Champion blower & Forge Co. Lancaster, Pa. Independent Pneumatic Tool Co. Chicago 6, Ill. uational Agr. Supply Co. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. LOuisville Electric Mfg Co. 5lst and Magazine Sts Louisville, Ky. - 146 - Press Floor Bench Atlas Press Go. Kalama,oo, Mich. Black & Decker Mfg Co. 655 Pennsylvania Ave. Towson 4, Md Buffalo Forge Co. Buffalo, N. Y. Canedy-Otto Mfg Co. Chicago Heights, Ill. Champion Blower & Forge Co. Lancaster, Pa. Delta Mfg Co. 651 E. Vienna Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Millers Falls Co. Greenfield, Mass. Sears Roebuck Chicago, 111. South Bend Lathe Works South Band, 22, Ind. Speedway Mfg Co. Cicero, Ill. Stanley Electric Tool Div. Stanley Works New Britain, Conn. Wodack Electric Tool Co. Chicago, Ill. Candler Albright Co. 110 N. Franklin St. Chicago 6, Ill. Browers Mfg Co. Quincy, I11. “Jiffy Way" Prod. 00. 725 - 725 W. Lake St. Minneapolis 8, Minn. Keen Equipment 00., Inc. Vineland, N. J. Macomb Steel Products Co. Macomb, Ill. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Otto Niederer Sons, Inc. Titusville, N. J. H. M. Sheer Co. 419 Payson Ave. Quincy, Ill. Cleaner Co-op G. L. F. Farm Supplies Ithaca, N. Y. H A P Egg Cleaner Co. SebastOpol, Calif. Keen Equipment CO., Inc. Vineland, N. J. Otto Niederer Sons, Inc. Titusville, N. J. Cooler Esco Cabinet Co. 205 W. Miner St. Westchester, Pa. Haverly Electric CO., Inc. 1970 W. Fayette Syracuse, N Y. Zero Mfg Co. Washington, No. - I47 - Grader Brower Mfg Co. 215 N. 5rd St. Quincy, Ill. Bussey Products Co. 6000 Slat St. Chicago 58, Ill. Washer The Albright Co. 110 N. Franklin St. Chicago 6, Ill. Co-op G.L.F. Farm Supplies Division of Co-op Grange League Federation Exchange Ithaca, N. Y. Gordon Johnson 60. 1012 Baltimore Ave. Kansas City, Mo. ELECTROCUTOR The Barker Equipment Co. Ottumwa, Ia ELEVATOR Auger Type (Grain) Carter-Miller Mill Fur. Co. N. 1524 Ash St. Spokane 12, Wash. Cherokee Mfg Co., Inc. Cherokee, Okla. Harvey Mfg CO., Inc. Racine, Wis. Link Mfg Co. Fargo, N. Dak. Montgomery Ward Chic ago 7, III. J. I. Owens Corp. 970 Berry Ave. St. Paul 4, Minn. Smalley Mfg Co. 507 York St. Manitowoc, Wis. Freight Kimbal Bros. 00. Council Bluff, Ia Otis Elevator Co. Otis Bldg 260 Eleventh Ave. New York 1, N. Y. Sidney Grain Elevator Sidney, Ohio Warner Elevator Mfg Co. Cincinnati, Ohio Mechanical Cup Type Carter-Miller Mill Fur. CQ N. 1524 Ash St. ' Spokane 12, Wash. G & D Mfg Co. Streator, I11. B. F. Gump Co. 451 - 457 S. Clinton St. Chicago 7, Ill. J. W. Hance Mfg Co. Westerville, Ohio Link*Be1t Co . Chicago 8, Ill. “eyer Mfg Co. Morton, Ill. Portable Elevator Mfg Co. 620 Grove St., East Bloomington, Ill. Universal Hoist a Mg Co. Cedar Falls, Ia - 148 - Pneumatic Type ENSILAGE CUTTER, HAY CHOPPER, SILO FILLER Brady Conveyor Corp. 20 W. Jackson Ave. Blizzard Mfg Co. Chicago 4, Ill. 1415 Tuscarawas St., W. Canton 2, Ohio Dracco Corp. Cleveland 5, Onio J. I. Case Racine, Wis. Portable (Hay, Ear Corn, Grain) Dellinger Mfg 00. J. S. Bloom 00. Lancaster, Pa. Independence, Ia Gehl Bros Mfg Co. Echart Mfg 00. West Bend, Wis. 842 Seal St. St. Paul 4, Minn. Letz Mfg Co. Crown Points, Ind. The Galloway CO., Inc. Waterloo, Ia Papec Machine Co. Shortsville, N. 1. Harvey Mfg Co., Inc. Racine, Wis. FAN _‘Cooling Industrial Eng. & Mfg Co. Brimfield, Ind. Diehl Mfg Co. Somerville, N. J. Kewanee Machy & Conveyor Co. Kewanee, I11. General Electric Co. Schenectady 6, N. 1. Meyer Mfg Co. Morton, Ill. The Lau Blower Co. Dayton 7, Ohio Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Monitor Riverdale-on-Hudson Sam Mulkey Co. New York 65, N. I. 1621 Locust St. Kansas City, Mo. Sears Roebuck Uhicago, Ill. J. I. Owens Corp. 970 Berry Ave. Signal Exntric Mfg Co. St. Paul 4, Minn. Menominee, Mich. Portable Elevator Mfg 00. F. A. Smith Mfg Co. 620 E. Grove St. . Rochester 2, N. 1. Bloomington, Ill. It'll! ..II { 13:11 - 149 - Westinghouse Electric Corp. 655 Page Blvd. Springfield 2, Mass. Exhaust The Cleveland Heater Co. 2510 Superior Ave. Cleveland 14, Ohio Diehl Mfg Co. Somerville, N. J. Marting Fan & Blower Co. 4645 W. 21st St. Chicago 50, Ill. Monitor Riverdale-on-Hudson New York 63, N. Y. Signal Electric Mfg Co. Menominee, Mich. Hay Drying Centrifugal American Blower Corp. 8111 Tireman Ave. Detroit, Mich. Buffalo Fbrge Co. Buffalo 5, N. Y. Champion Hay Drying Blower Lancaster, Pa. Propellor Airovent Fan Co. 818 N. Jenison Ave. Box 636 Lansing 4, Mich. Buffalo Forge Co . Buffalo 5, N. Y. Robinson Vent. Co. Zelienople, Pa. Ventilation Dairy & Poultry Acorn Brand Mfg Co. Stevens Point, Wis. Aerovent Fan Co. J-'ansing, Mich. Brower Mfg Co. 215 N. 5rd St. Quincy, 111. Buffalo Forge Co. 490 Broadway Buffalo, N, Y. Bussey Prod. Co. 6000 Slst St. Chicago 58, I11. Champion Blower & Forge Co. Lancaster, Pa. Guy Equip. Corp. Cedar Falls, Ia Cleveland Heater Co. 1955 W. 114th St. Cle vel and , Ohio DeVilbiss Co. 5000 Phillips Ave. Toledo, Ohio Emerson Electric Mfg Co. St. Louis, Mo. Gardenhour Mfg Co. Waynesboro, Pa. Holcombe Hoke Co. Indianapolis, Ind. H. D. Hudson 589 5. Illinois St. Chicago, Ill. - 150 - Ilg Electric Vent. Co. 2850 N. Crawford Ave. Chicago, Ill. James Mfg Co. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Macomb Steel Prod. Co. Macomb, Ill. Merchant & Evans 00. Philadelphia 46, Pa. Montgomery Ward Chicago, Ill. National Electric App. Co. 1550-40 W. 117th St. Cleveland, Ohio Olson Mfg 00. Albert Lea, Minn. Propellair Inc. Lagonda & Hunt Sts Springfield, Ohio Robbins & Meyers, Inc. Springfield, Ohio Westinghouse Electric Corp. 5. Pittsburg, Pa. Buffalo Hammer Mill Corp. 27 Washington St. Buffalo 5, N. Y. Brower Mfg Co. Quincy, I11. J. I. Case Co. Racine, Wis. John Deere Moline, Ill. Duplex Mill & Mfg Co. Springfield, Ohio Fairbanks, Morse & Co. Chicz-g o , Ill . Gehl Bros Mfg Go. West Bend, Wis. Greundler Crusher & Pulveri,er St. Louis, Mo. International Harvester Co. Chicago, Ill. Iowa Portable Mill Co. Oelwein, Iowa Meadows Mill CO., Inc. N. Wilkesboro, N. Car. FEED Grinder Miller Mfg Co. Burr Mill Stratton, Neb. M. P. Bowsher Co. South Bend, Ind. Davis mfg, Inc. 1521 McLean Blvd Wichita 12, Kansas Fairbanks, Morse & Co. Chicago, Ill. Meadows will Co. N. wilkesboro, N. Car. Hammer Mill Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Myers-Sherman Co. Streator, III. New Holland Machine Co. New Holland, Pa. Papec Machine Co. Shortsville, N. Y. - 151 - Prater Pulverizer Co. Chicago, Ill. Rapids Machinery Co. Marion, Iowa J. B. Sedberry Co. franklin, Tenn. Sidney Grain Machy 00. Sidney, Ohio Smally Mfg Co. Manitowoc, Wis. Sparks-Worthington Co. Jackson, Mich. Stedmans de & Mach. Works Aurora, Ind. Xiking Mfg Co. anhattan, Kansas Western Land Roller Co. nastings, Neb. Wetmore Pulverizer & Machy Tonkawa, Okla. Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co. St. Louis 6, Mo. John W. Williamson & bons 5715 Atlantic Blvd. “aywood, Calif. W. W. Grinder Corp. Wichita, Kansas Roller Mill Bernal Macune Co. 18622 Mt. Elliott Ave. Detroit, Mich. FEEDER.(Automatic for chicks) Automatic Poultry Feeder Co. Zeeland, Mich. MIXER Brower Mfg Co. Quincy, Ill. nbnstruction Machy Co. Waterloo, Ia The Duplex Mill & Mfg Co. Springfield, Ohio General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. Gilson Bros Co. Fredonia, Wis. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, 111. Prater Pulverizer Co. 1829 55th St. Chicago, I111. Rapids Machy Co. Marion, Ia Scottdel, Inc. Swanton, Ohio H. M, Sheer Co. Quincy, Ill. Sidney Grain Machy Co. Sidney, Ohio Sprout, Waldron & Co. Muncy, Pa. FENCE Accessories Mfg Co. 4554 Broadway Chicago 40, Ill. Babson Bros Co. 2845 W. 19th St. Chicago 25, Ill. - 152 - Central Equipment Corp. Toledo, Ohio Coburn Mfg Co. Whitewater, Wis. Diller Electric Co. Kokomo, Ind. Electric Service Systems linneapolis, Minn. Farmers Eng. & Mfg Co. Pittsburg, Pa. Gardenhour Mfg Co. Waynesboro, Pa. Gardner Mfg Co. Horizon, Wis. Guaranteed Products Corp. Wellington, Ohio Guard-It Mfg Co. 1501 Laflin St° Chicago 8, Ill. International Fence Co. 908 W. VanBurne Chicago, Ill. Montgomery Ward Uhicago 7, I11. Prime Mfg Co. 1669 S. First St. Milwaukee, Wis. Red Devil Tods, Inc. Irvington 11, N. J. Twin Draulic, Laurens, Iowa Inc. Winpower Mfg Co. Newton, Ia OUR MILL (SMALL TYPE) Sprout, Waldron 8: Co. Muncy, Pa. FORGE BLOWER Champion Blower & Forge Co. Lancaster, Pa. Electric Blower Co. 552 Atlantic Ave. Boston, Mass. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. National Agr. Supply 00. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Starr Drilling Machine Co. Akron, Ohio EROST PREVENTION Experimental with electriciy Michigan State College East ansing, Michigan GERMINATORS GLUE See Seed POTS Black & Decker Mfg Co. Towson, 4Md. General Electric Co. Schenectady, N, Y. VanDorn Electric Tool Co. Twoson, Md. - 153 - GRADERS Delta Mfg Co. Fruit & Vegetable 600 E. Vienna Ave. John Bean Mfg Co. hansing, Mich. Bloom Systems 6650 Wagner Detroit, Mich. Friend Mfg Co. Gasport, N. Y. Huntley Mfg Co. Brocton, N. Y. Parma Water Lifter Co. Parma, Idaho Trescott Co., Inc. Fairport, N. Y. GREEN HOUSE Heating See Soil Heating Cable Lights General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. Westinghouse Corp. 5. Pittsburg, Pa. GRINDERS (EMERY WHEEL) *Benéh Atlas Press Go. Kalamazoo, Mich. Baldor Electric Co. 4555 Duncan St. St. Louis, Mo. Black & Decker Mfg bo. Towson 4, Md. Champion Blower & Forge Co. Lancaster, Pa. Milwaukee 1, Wis. The Dunmore Co. 14th and Racine Sts Racine, Wis. Independent Pneumatic Tool Chicago 6, I11. Marvel Equipment Co. 224 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 4, III. Millers Falls Co. Greenfield, Mass. Milwaukee Electric Tool Co. 106 N. Water St. Milwaukee, Wis. Montgomery Ward Uhicago 7, Ill. Sears Roebuck Chicago , Ill. Sherman Products, Inc. hoyal Oak, Mich. Skilsaw, Inc. Chicago 50, Ill. Snap-On Tools Co. Kenosha, Wis. Speedway Mfg Co. 1854 S. 52nd Ave. Cicero 50, Ill. Stanley Electric Tool Div. Stanley Works New Britain, Conn. United States Electric Tool Cincinnati, Ohio VanDoran Electric Tool Co. Towson, Md. - 154 - Walker-Turner Co., Inc. Plainfield, N. J. Wuzenbeck & Staff, Inc. 858 W. Hubbard St. Chicago 22, Ill: Portable Black & Decker Mfg Co. Towson, Md. Dunmore Co. 92 14th St. Racine, Wis. Duro Metal Prod. Co. 2651 N. Kildare Chicago 59, Ill. Independent Pneumatic Tool 600 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago 6, Ill. Louisville Electric Mfg Co. 5lst & Magazine Sts Louisville, Ky Millers Falls Co. Greenfield, Mass. Skilsaw, Inc. Chicago 50, 111. United States Elec. Tool Co. Cincinnati, Ohio VanDoran Electric Tool Co. Towson, md. GRINDER (FEED) See Feed GRINDSTONES Carbornudum Co. Niagara Falls, N. Y. Cleveland Quarries Co. Cleveland, Ohio Eastern Tractor Mfg Corp. Kingston, N. Y. Speedway Mfg Co. 1844 S. 52nd Ave. Cicero 50, Ill. Wodack Electric Tool Co. Chicago, Ill. W Dairy-Vac Co. Plymouth, Wis. HAMMER Black & Decker Mfg Co. Towson, Md Champion Blower & Forge Co. Lancaster, Pa. Independent Pneumatic Tool 600 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago 6, Ill. Millers Falls Co. Greenfield, Mass. Milwaukee Electric Tool Cop Milwaukee 8, Wis. Stanley Electric Tool ”iv. Stanley Works New Britain, Conn. Syntron Co. Homer City, Pa. VanDoran Electric Tool Co. Towson, Nd Wodack Electrkll Tool Corp. Chicago, Ill. - 155 - HAY Edwin L. Weigand Co. Chopper 7500 Thomas Elva. Pittsburg, 8, pa. SeeEnsilage Cutter Westinghouse Electric Corp. Drier E. Pittsburg, Pa. See Fan HEATING CABLE Soil and Water Pipe Hoist General Electric Go. See Hoist Schenectady, N. Y. HEATER “Gro-Quick' M115 House 540 W. Huron St. ' Chicago 10, Ill. Plug-in Smith Gates, Corp. Sta-Warm Electric Co. Plainfield, Conn. 151 N. Chestnut Ravenna, Ohio Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburg, Pa. Edwin L. Weignad Co. 7500 Thomas Blvd ' HEDGE CLIPPER Pittsburg 8, Pa. See Clipper. Westinghouse Electric Corp. E. Pittsburg, Pa. HOIS l-El 5 Space Heaters Bennett-Ireland Co. Chicago Electric Mfg Co. Norwick, N. Y. 6555 W. 65th St. Chicago, Ill. John Farrel & Sons Newton, N, J. CutlerbHammer, Inc. 1541 W. St.Pau1 Ave. Milwaukee 1, Wis. Marvel Equipment Co. 224 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 4, Ill. Eagle Electric Mfg Co. 25-10 Bridge Plaza South Long Island City, N. Y. Universal Hoist & Mfg Co. Cedar Falls, Ia General Electric Co. Milk Can Schenectady 4, N. Y. DeLaval Co. Monitor Home Appliances Riverdale-on—Hudson New York 65, No 10 165 Broadway New York City, N. Y. - 156 - Power J. L. Owens Corp. 970 Berry Ave. Coffing Hoist Co. St. Paul 4, Minn. Danville, Ill. Lassa-BMW E22322 Soil Heating Cable Alaska Freezer CO., Inc. Winchendon, Mass. See Heating Cable Chicago Electric Mfg Co. Light Bulb Type 6555 W. 55th St. Chicago, Ill. See Illustration 6 Montgomery Ward Sterilizer cgicago 17, 111. See Soil Sterilizer Reynolds Electric Co. 2650 W. Congress Ave. HULLER Chicago, Ill. Alfalfa & Clover Seed INCUBATORS S. Howes Co., Inc. Large Silver Creek, N. Y. The Buckeye Incubator Co. J. L. Owens & Co. P. O. Box 420 970 Berry Ave. Springfield 99, Ohio Westerville, Ohio Chick Master Incubator Co. Universal Hoist & mfg Co. 5212 W. 25th St. Cedar Falls, Iowa Cleveland 9, Ohio See also Seed Cleaner Small Oats American Lincoln Incubator 645 Somerset St. Cleland Mfg Co. New Brunswick, N, J. 2800 Washington Ave. N. Minneapolis, Minn. Brower Mfg Co. . 215 N. 5rd St. Duplex Mill & Mfg Co. - Quincy, III. 415 Sigler Springfield, Ohio Bundy Incubator Co. Springfield, Ohio Pea, Bean Chick Master Huntley Mfg Co. 5212 W. 25th St. Beocton, N. Y. Cleveland 9, Ohio - 157 - The Electric Hotpack Co. Philadelphia, Pa. Macomb Steel Products Co. Macomb, Ill. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, I11. New Madison Incubators, Inc. 17 Washington St. Ipswich, Mass. Oakes Mfg Co. Tipton, Ind. H. M. Sheer Co. Quincy, Ill. INSECTS Screens & Traps See also Traps DetJen Corp. 505 W. 42nd St. New York, N. Y. Electric Fly Screen Co. 450 W. Hoffman Ave. Lindenhust, L. I., N. Y. Gardenhour Mfg Co. Waynesboro, Pa. Gardner Mfg Co. Horizon, Wis. International Elec. 908 W. VanBuren Chicago, Ill. Lyon Rural Electric Co. San Diego, Calif. Reynolds Electric Co. 2650 W. Congress St. Chicago, Ill. Fence Co. INTERCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT Seedburo Equipment Co. 225 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago 6, Ill. -Stromberg-Carlson Co. Rochester 5, N. Y. Webster Electric Co. Chicago, Ill. IRRIGATION PUMP See Pump LAMB DOCKER No manufacturer found. LATHES Metal Atlas Press Co. 1819 N. Pitcher St. Kalamazoo, Mich. Logan Engineering Co. Chicago 50, Ill. Oliver Machy Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. Sears Roe buck Chicago, Ill. Sheldon Machine CO., Inc 5260 N. Knox Ave. Chicago 41, Ill. South Bend Lathe Wcr ks 181 E. Madison St. South Bend, Ind. Wood Brodhead-Garrett Co. Cleveland, Ohio - 158 — Delta Mfg Co. 651 E. Vienna Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Mattison Machine Works 250 Blackhawk Pk Ave. Rockford, Ill. Oliver Machinery Co. 1028 Voldbrood St., N. E. Grand Rapids , Mmigm Sears Roebuck Chicago , Ill. Wallace & Co. 2800 Wilcox St. Chicago, Ill. Westinghouse Electric Co. SterilMp Divisbn Pittsburg,.Pa. Infra-red General Electric Co. Schenectady, N. Y. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Webster Electric Racine, Wis. Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburg, Pa. T uble LIGHTS r0 lood Appleton Electric Co. Appleton Electric Co. 1701-59 Wellington Ave. Chicago 15, Ill. General Electric Co. Schenectady 4, N. Y. Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburg, Pa. Germicidal & Ultra-violet Brower Mfg Co 215 N. 5rd St. Quincy, Ill. General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. Macomb Steel Products Co. Macomb, Ill. Tru-Air Ultraviolet Prod. Co. Los Angeles, Cal. Trumbull Electric Mfg Co. Plainville, Conn. 1745 Wellington Ave. Chicago 15, Ill. Black Mfg Co. 504 Vine St. Biladelphia 6, Pa. Eagle Electric Co. 25-10 Bridge Plaza, South Long Island City, N. Y. Ericson Mfg Co. 5209 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, Ohio McGill Mfg CO., Inc. 95 Grand Ave. Pawtucket, R. I. Yard Control DresslerElectric Co. 942 E. Larned St. Detroit 7, Mich. - 159 - General Electric Co. Schenectady, N. Y Touch Plate Distributors 2058-42 Bay St. Los Angeles 21, Calif. Westinghouse Electric Co. Pittsburg, Pa. MEAT PROCESSING Grinder & Saw Guendler Crusher & Pulverizer 1911-1915 N. Market St. Louis 6, Mo Reynolds Electric Co. 2650 W. Congress St. Chicago, Ill. Smith's Sons 50 Broadway Buffalo, N. Y. Hoist See Hoist 33' Johnson Mfg Co. Chippewa.Falls, Wis. The S & W Sales Co., Inc. Delaware, Ohio Vaugh Co. 750-40 N. Franklin Chicago 10, Ill. MILK COOLER Ben H. Anderson Mfg Co. Madison 5, Wis. Aug. G. Barkow Mfg Co. 2725 S. 31st St. Milwaukee 7, Wis. Carrier Corp. 500 S. Geddes St. Syracuse, N. Y. Empire Milking Machine Co. Westchester, Pa. Esco Cabinet Co. Westchester, Pa. Frigidaire Division General Motors Corp. Dayton 1, Ohio International Harvester Co. Chicago, Ill. LaCrosse Cooler Co. LaCrosse, Wis. Master-Bilt Ref. Mfg Co. 1825 Arsenal St. St. Louis, Mal Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, I11. Norge Division BongWarner Corp. 670 W. Woodbridge St. Detroit 26, Mich. Perfection Mfg Corp 2125 E. Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis 15, Minn. Sargent-Roundy Corp. Randolph, vet. Schultz Bros. ~Saginaw, M1ch. Starr Pump & Cooler Corp. St. Louis 6, Mo. Emil Steinhorst & Sons, Inc 612-614 South St. Utica, N. Y. Wilson Cabinet Co. Smyrna, Del. - 160 - Universal Milking Machine Div. 129 Barstow St. Waukesha, Wis. Westinghouse Elec. Co. 655 Page Blvd. Springfield, Mass. Refrigerators Starr Pump & Cooler Co. St. Louis, Mo. Victor Products Corp. Hagerstown, Md Spray Type Arctic Jet Co. Randolph, Vermont Surface MILK Starr Pump & Cooler Co. St. Louis, Mo. MACHINES American Separator Co. Bainbridge, N. Y. Ben H. Anderson Mfg Co. 51 N. Dickson St. Madison, Wis. Conde Milking Machine Co. Sherrill, N. Y. Dairy Equipment Co. 819 Kalamazoo Lansing, Mich. Decker Mfg Co. Janesville, Wis. DeLaval Separator Co. 165 Broadway “ew York, N. Y. Empire Milking Machine Co. Westchester, Pa. Bobson Bros. Co. 2445 West 19th St. Chicago, Ill. Esco Cabinet Co. Westchester, Pa. International Harvester Co 180 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Ill. Klein Mfg Co. Deerfield, Wis. McCartney Mfg Co. Lansing, Mich. Milker Supply Co. Box 569 Madison, Wis. Montgomery Ward Chic ago 7 , Ill. Page Milking Machines Milwaukee, Wis. Perfection Mfg Corp. 2125 E. Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis 15, Minn. Starbrand Corp. Box 5127 Brightwood Stn Indianapolis 18, Ind. Universal k1ilking Machines 129 Barstow St. Waukesha, Wis. Winpower Mfg Co. Newton, Ia Portable DeLaval Separator ”o. 165 Broadway New York, N. Y. Empire Milking Machine Co. Westchester, Pa. McCartney Mfg Co. Lansing, Mich. Milker Supply Co. Box 569 Madison, Wis. Page Milking Machines Milwaukee, Wis. Perfection Mfg Corp. 2125 E. Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis 15, Minn. MOLASSES HEATER Edwin L. Wiegan Co. .7506 Thomas Blvd. Pittsburg, Pa. MOTORS - 161 - Allis-Chalmers Mfg Co. Milwaukee, Wis. Atlas Press Go. 819 N. Pitcher St. halamazoo, Mich. Baldor Electric Co. 4551-67 Duncan Ave. St. Louis 10, Mo. J. S. Bloom Mfg Co. Independence, a Burke Electric Co. Erie, Pa. Centruy Electric Co. 1806 Pine St. St. Louis 4, Mo. Emerson Electric Mfg 1824 Washington Ave. St. Louis, Mo. General Electric Co. Schenectady, N. Y. Co. Kimble Electric Co. 2011 W. Hastings St. Chicago, Ill. Kingston-Donlet Electric Co. c/o Hoover Co. N . Can ton, Ohio King-Wyse Inc. Archbold, Ohio Leland Electric Co. 1501 Webster St. Dayton, Ohio Master Electric Co. 126 Davis Ave. Dayton, Ohio Robbins & Myers 1245 Lagonda Ave. Springfield, Ohio Signal Electric Mfg Co. 1915 Broadway Menominee, Mich. Wagner Electric Corp. 6400 Plymouth Ave. St. Louis, Missouri Westinghouse Electric Corp. E. Pittsburg, Pa. John W. Williamson 6 Sons 5715 Atlantic Blvd Maywood, Calif. MOWERS McCartney Mfg 00. Box 1116 Lansing, Mich. Marvel Equipment Co. 224 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 4, Ill. - 162 - Robertson Division King Pneumatic Tool Co. 2717 N. Ashland Ave. Chicago 14, Ill. Rotary Mower Corp. Omaha, Neb. Steiner Products Corp. 2554 N. Grand Blvd. St. Louis 6, Mo. PASTEURIZER Home Guard-It Mfg Co. 1501 S. Laflin Chicago 8, 111. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Walter Conley, & Co. Rochester,Minn. PICKER Anderson Box Co. Indianapolis, Ind. Albright Co. 110 N. Franklin St. Chicago 6, 111. Brower Mfg Co. Quincy, Ill. dyna-pik P. O. Box 5551 Cleveland, Ohio Greenbrier Co. 629 Euclid Ave. Cleveland 14, Ohio Gordon Johnson Co. 2519 Madison Ave. Kansas City 8, Mo. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, I11. Pickwick Co. Cedar Rapids, Ia Superior Mfg Co. Delaware, Ohio PLANER Boice-Crane Co. 950 W. Central Ave. Toledo, Ohio Crescent Machine Div. Rockwell Mfg Co. Letonia, Ohio Delta Mfg Division Rockwell Mfg Co. 651 E. Vienna Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Milwaukee Elec. Tool Corp Milwaukee, Wis. Newman Machine Co. Greensboro, N. C. Sears Roebuck Chic ago, Ill. Yates-American Machine Co. Beloit, Wis. W No manufacturer found. POTATO Bag Tier Feline Typing Machine Co. 2950 N. 14th St. Milwaukee 6, Wis. - 165 - A. Galloway Machine Shop Rockford, Mich. Grader John Bean Co. Lansing, Mich. Boggs Mfg Co. Atlanta, N. Y. Friend Mfg Co. Gapport, N. Y. King-Wyse, Inc. Archbold, Ohio Noffsinger Mfg Co. Greeley, Colo. Paramount Mfg Co. P. O. Box 1117 Stockton, Calif. Seed Cutter No manufacturer found. Washer John Beaang Co. Lansing, Michigan Feline Tying Machine Co. 2950 N. 14th St. Milwaukee 6, Wis. Paramount Mfg Co. Post Office Box 1117 Stockton, Calif. Gasoline Erie Meter Systems Box 559 Erie, Pa. Neptune Meter Co. 50 W. 50th St. New York City Wayne Pump Co. 515 Tecumseh St. Ft. Wayne, 4, Ind. Grease Aero Equipment Corp. Bryan, Ohio - John W. Hobbs Corp. Springfield, Ill. Louisville Elec. Mfg Co. 5lst & Magazine Ste Louisville, Ky. Power Aire Corp. 225 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 4, 111. Irrigation Carver Pump Co. 1046 Hershey Ave. Muscatine, Ia Fairbanks, Morse & Co. 600 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Ill. Hale Fire Pump Co. Conshohocken, Pa. Layne & Bowler, Inc. P. O. Box 215 Hollywood Stn Memphis 8, Tenn. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, I11. Shur-Rane Irrigation Co. Arcadia, Calif. Sump Aurora Pump Co. “urora, Ill. - 164 - Blackmer Pump Co. 1904 Century Ave. Grand Rapids 9, Mich. Cherry-Burrell Corp. Detroit 6, Mich. Dempster Mill Mfg Co. Beatrice, Neb. Duro Co. Dayton, Ohio Fairbanks, Morse & Co. Fairbanks-Morse Bug Chicago, Ill. Gorman—Rupp Co. 555 N. Bowman St. Mansfield, Ohio Imperial Brass Mfg Co. .1200 W. Harrison St. Chicago 7, Ill. Jabsco Pump Co. 2031 N. Lincoln St. Burbank, Calif. Jacuzzi Bros., Inc. Berkeley, Calif. F. E. Myers & Bros. Co. Ashland, Ohio Prirgle Electric Co. Northbook, Ill. Red Jacket Mfg Co. Davenport, Ia M. Shelter & Sons 00. 517 Railway St. Clio, Mich. Sta-Rite Products, Inc. Delavan, Wis. Union Steam Pump 00. Battle Creek, Mich. Weinman Pump Ifg Co. 292 Spruce St. Columbus 8, Ohio Woodruff & Edwards, Inc. Elgin Windmill Division Elgin, Ill. Yeomans Brother 00. 1416 Dayton St. Chicago, ‘11. later System American March Pump, Inc. 60 Capitol Ave., N. E. Battle Creek, Mich. Baker Mfg Co. Evansville, Wis. Berkeley Pump Uorp. Berkeley, Calif. J. S. Bloom Mfg 00. Independence, Iowa Blue Star Mfg Co. Galva, Ill. Butler Co. Butler, Ind. C. E. Cook, Inc. Lawrenceburg, Ind. Dayton Bump & Mfg Co. 500 N. Webster St. Dayton, Ohio Dean Hill Pump 00. Indianapolis, Ind. Decatur Pump 00. 2750 Nelson Park Rd. Decatur, Ill. Delce Appliance Division General Motors Corp. Rochester l, N. Y. - 165 - Deming 00. Salem , Ohio Dempster Mill Mfg Co. Beatrice, Neb. Duplex Mfg Co. Superior, Wis. Electric Heat Appliances Co. “drian, Mich. Everit Pump & Mfg Co. Lancaster, Pa. Fairbanks, Morse & Co. 600 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 5, Ill. Fairbury Windmill Co. Fairbury, Neb. Flint & Walling Mfg Co. Findallville, Ind. Galloway 60. Waterloo, Ia Gorman-Rupp Co. Mansfield, Ohio Goulds Pump, Inc. Seneca Falls, N. Y. Hell Co. 5000 W. Montana bt. Milwaukee, Wis. Ingersoll-Rand 11 Broadway New York 4, N. Y. Jacobsen Mfg Co. 747 Washington.Ave. Racine, Wis. Jacuzzi Bros, Inc. Berkeley, Calif. Kewanee Private Utilities Co. Kewanee, Ill. L. R. H. Labaw & Co. Belle Mead, N. J. A. Y. McDonald Mfg Co. Dubuque, Ia Monarch Lng. Co. Dayton, Ohio Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. F. E. Myers & Bros. Co. Ashland, Ohio National Water Lift Co. 1611 Portage St. Kalamazoo, Mich. Parma Water Lifter Co. Parma, Idaho Paul Pumps, Inc. Ft. Wayne 7, Ind. .Peerless Pump Division Food Machinery Corp. 1250 Camden Ave., B. W. Canton, Ohio Perfection Mfg Corp, 2125 E. Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis 25, Minn. Red Jacket Mfg Co. P. 0. Box 270 Davenport, Ia Rocklin Mfg Co. Grand Ave. & Jenning Ste Sioux City 7, Ia Shelter-Calkins Uo. Clio, Mich. Sta-Rite Products Inc. Delavan, Wis. Templeton, Kenly & Co. 1020 S. Central Ave. Chicago 44, Ill. - 166 - Trupar, Inc. 420 Linden Ave. Day ton 5 , Ohio Uniflow Mfg 00. Erie, Pa. U. S. Challenge Co. Batavia, Ill. Winpower Mfg Co. Newton, Ia Woodmanse Mfg Co. Freeport, Ill. Woodruff & Edwards, Inc. Elgin, Ill. REFRIGERATION Cold Storage Insulation Armstrong Cork 00. Lancaster, Pa. Johns Mansville New York, N. Y. Pacific Lumber Co. (Polco Wool) Chicago, Ill. Universal Zonolite Insul. Co. 155 S. LaSalle St. bhicago, Ill. Wood conversion 00. 560 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Ill. Refrigeration Carrier Corp. Syracuse, N. Y. Frick Wpynesboro, Pa. Frigidaire Dayton, Ohio Lehigh Valley Refrig. Co. 502 Hamilton St. Allentown, Pa. Refrigeration Eng. Uorp. 2024 Market St. Philadelphia, Pa. Tecumseh Products Co. Tecumseh, Mich. York Corp. York, Pa. Freezers Deep Type Amana Society Amana, Ia American Ref. & Mach., Inc. 2700 University Ave., N. E. Minneqnlis 15, Minn. Ben-Hur Mfg Uo. 654 E. Keefe Ave. Milwaukee 12, Wis. The BrewerbTitchener Corp. Binghamton, “. Y. Corvallis Refrigeration, Inc. Box 610 Uavallis, Ore. The Cooleration Co. Duluth, 1, Minn. Deep Freezer Motor Prod. 00. 2501 Davis St. North Chicago, Ill. DeLaval S_eparator Co. 427 Randolph St. Uhicago 6, I11. Esco Cabinet Co. Westchester, Pa. - 167 - Fogel Refrigerator Co. 5420 Edom St. Philadelphia 57, Pa. Frigidaire Division General Motors Corp. Dayton, Ohio General Electric Co. Schenectady, N. Y. General Refrigerator Corp. 678 Broadway New York 12, N. Y. Hotpoint, Inc. 5600 W. Taylor St. Chicago 44, Ill. International Harvester 180 N1 Michigan Ave. Chicago l, 111. Jacobs Wind Elec. Co. Minneapolis, 11, Minn. Jordan Ref. CO., Inc. 58th & Grays Ave. Philadelphia 55, Pa. Magic Freezer Servxe 6651 Stuart Ave. Richmond, Va. Marquette Appliances, Inc. 507 E. Hennepin Ave. Minneapolis 14, Minn. MasterbBilt Ref. Mfg Co. 920 Ralon St' St. Louis 7, Mo. Master Freeze Corp. Sister Bay, Wis. Maytag , Newton, 4a Wilson Cabinet Co. Smyrna, Del . MoNMor niverdale-on-Hudson New York 65, N. Y. Perfection Mfg Co. Minneapolis, Minn. C. L. Pervaal Vo., Inc. Boone, Ia Revco, Inc. Deerfield, Mich. Sanitary Ref. Co. Fond Du Lac, Wis. Schafer, Inc. Minneapolis 1, Minn. Simplex Mfg Co. 1155 Third st. Oakland, Calif. Emil Steinhorst & Sons, Inc. 612-616 S. St. Utica 5, N. Y. Tyler Fixture Corp . Niles, Mich. Victor Products Corp. Hagerstown, Md White Horse Cabinet Co. Harleysville, Pa. Whiting Corp. 55 S. Clark St. Uhicago 5, Ill. Wintink & Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. Upright Aug. G. Barkow Mfg Co. 2725 S. Slst St. Milwaukee 7, Wis. - 168 - .The Revco Co. 5110 N. Eleventh St. St. Louis 7, Mo. Carrier Corp. 500 3. Geddes St. Syracuse 1, N. 1. Erie Cooling 00. W. Fifth & Marian Winona, Minn. Monitor Riverdale-on-Hudson New Yrok 65, N. Y, Portable Elevator Mfg Co. Refrigerator Division Efloomington, Ill. Simplex Mfg Co. 4155 Third St. Oakland, Calif.. Stoddard Mfg Co. 617 4th St., S. W. Mason City, Ia Tyler Fixture Corp. Niles, Mich. United Refrigerator Co. St. Paul 1, Minn. Victor Products Corp. Hagerstown, Md. Wilsoh Refrigeration, Inc. Div. of Wilson Cabinet Co. Smyrna, Del. Walk-in Low Temperature Pogel Ref. Co. 5400 Eadom St. Philadelphia, Pa. United Ref. Co. 550 Robert St. St. Paul 1, Minn. Victor Products Corp. Hagerstown, Md. Wilson Refrigeration, Inc. Smyrna, Del. Normal Temperature American-Ref. & Mao., Inc. 2700 University Ave., N. E. Minneapolis 15, Minn. Fogel Ref. Co. 5400 Eadom St. Philadelphia, Pa. Masterfree,er Corp. Sister Bay, Wis. Uniter Ref. 00. 550 Robert St. St. Paul 1, Minn. Wilson Refrigeration, Inc. Smyrna, Del. RODENT EXTERMINATOR Lec Corporation 65 Broad-St. Rochester 4, N. Y. SANDER Bench & Portable American Floor Surfacing Co. Toledo 5, Ohb Black & Decker Mfg Co. Towson, Md Clarke Sanding Mach. Co. Muskegon, Mich. Milwaukee Elec. Tool Corp. Milwaukee 8, Wis. - 169 - Porter-Caole Machine Co. Syracuse 8, N, Y. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. Woodworkers' Tool Works 222 S. Jefferson St. Chicago 6, Ill. SAW Band Metal Butting Boice Crane Co. 950 W. Central Ave. Toledo 6, Ohio Burrill Saw & Tool Works 400 E. Main St. Ilion, N. Y. Delta Mfg Div. Rockwell Mfg Co. 650 E. Vienna Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Machine Tool Div. Kalamazoo Tank & Silo Co. Kalamazoo, Mich. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Sears Roebuck Chxago, Ill. Wells Mfg Corp. 1958 Ash St. Three Rivers, Mich. Wood Cutting Boice Crane Co. 950 W. Central Ave. Toledo 6, Ohio Burrill Saw & Tool Works 400 E. Main Ilion, N. Y. Crescent Mach. Div. Rockwell Mfg. Co. Letonia, Ohio J. C. Fay & Egan Co. Cincinnati, Ohio Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. Chas A. Strelinger Co. 159 E. Larned St. Detroit 26, Mich. Circular Cut Off Aspergren Mfg 00., inc. 1612 Webster Ave. New York 51, N. Y. Bennett-Ireland, Inc. Norwich, N, Y. J. A. Fay & Egan Co. Cincinnati, Ohio Mattison Mach. Works 250 Blackhawk Pk Rockford, Ill. New Holland Mach. Co. New Holland, Pa. Wells Mfg Corp. Three Rivers, Mich. Hand Portable Independent Pneumatic Tool Aurora, 111. New Holland Mach. Co. “ew Holland, Pa. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. Stanley Elec. Tools Div. Stanley Works New Britain, Conn. - 170. Van Dorn Electric Tool Co. 700 E. Joppa Rd. Towson 4, Md Rip Delta Mfg Co. 651 E. Vienna Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. Hack Champion Blower & Forge 00. Lancaster, Pa. Keller Power Hack Saws 2564 University Ave. St Paul 4, Minn. Louisville Elec. Mfg Co. 5lst & Magazine Sts Louisville, Ky. Peerless Machine Co. 1605 Junction Ave. Racine, Wis. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. Boice-Crane Uo. 950 W. Central Ave. Toledo 6, Ohio Delta Mfg Co. 651 E. Vienna Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Porter-Cable Mach. Co. Syracuse, N. Y. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. SCALDER Anderson Box 00. Indianapolis, Ind. Albright Co. 110 N. Franklin St. Chicago 6, Ill. Greenbrier Co. 629 Euclid Ave. Cleveland 14, Ohio Gordon Johnson Co. 2619 Madison Ave. Kansas City 8, Mo. Pen-Mar Mfg Co. Doylestown, Bucks Co., Pa. Cleaner & Grader Exolon Co. _ 900 E. Niagara St. Tonawanda, N. Y. A. T. Ferrell & Co. Saginaw, Mic h. Hance Mfg Uo. Westerville, Ohio Leach Bros Mfg Co. Brownwood, Tex. Pioneer Fanning Mill Co. Minneapolis, Minn. Seedburo Equipment Co. 618 W. Jackson Blvd Chicago 6, I11. Drier Campbell Dryer Co. DesMoines 4, Ia - 171 - Despatch Oven Co. J. C. Fay & Egan Co. Minneapolis, Minn. Cincinnati, Ohio Duster & Treater General Engineering & Mfg Co. _ 417 Oeatha Ave. ‘A. T. Ferrell & Uo. St. Louis 16, Mo. Saginaw, Mich. Rockford Mach. Tool Co. Judson Co. 2506 Kishwaukee St. Linden, Mich. Rockford, Ill. Keck-Gonnerman Co. Western Mach. Tool Works 601 W. Fourth St. Holland, Mich. Mt Vernon, Ind. Woodworkers Tool Works Messinger Mfg Co. 222 S. Jefferson St. Tatamy, Pa. Chicago, Ill. Seedburo Equipment Co. SHEARS 618 W. Jackson Blvd. Metal vhicago 6, Ill. Black & Decker Mfg Co. Auger Type 700 Pennsylvania Ave. Towson 4, Md Calkins Mfg Co. ‘ ‘ Spokane, Wash. Hendly & Whitmore bo. Beliot, Wis. Ben Gustafson Seed Mach. Co. Fargo, N. Dak. vanDorn Elec. Tool “0. 700 E. Joppa nd. Germinator Towson 4, Md. National Agr. Supply Co. Sheep Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Montgomery Ward Seedburo Equipment Co. Chicago 7, Ill. 225 W. Jackson Blvd Chicago, 111. National Agr. Supply Co. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. SHAPER Metal Sheepshearers Merch. and Comm. BOX 1992 Atlas Press Go. Butte, Mont. 1829 N. Pitcher St. Kalamazoo, 15, Mich. Sunbeam Corp. 1600 W. Roosevelt Rd. Baxter D. Whitney & Sons, Inc. Chicago 50, Ill. Winchendon, Mass. SILO - 172- UNLOADER Marathon Foundry & Mach. Co. Wausau, Wis. J. C. Beach 00. Oshkosh, Wis. SINGER SOIL Morton Gregory Corp. 518 Jefferson Ave. Toledo, Ohio STERILIZER General Electric Co. Schenectady, N. Y. L. N. Roberson 1540 E. 102nd St. Seattle, Wash. SOLDERING Iron American Electrical Heater Co. 6110 Bass Ave. Detroit, Mich. Cole Radio Works 86 Westville Ave. Caldwell, N. J. Drake Elec. works 3656 Lincoln Ave. Uhicago, Ill General Electric Co. Bridgeport, Conn. Hexacon ”lectric App. Corp. 161 W. Clay Ave.’ Key 271 Roselle Park, N. J. Ideal Commutator Dresser Co. Sycamore, Ill. Insuline Corp. of America 25 Park Pl. New York City Jackson Elec. Corp. 625 Broadway New York City Mfg “o. “ewton Lower Falls, Mass. Peerless Novelty Co. 105 Fulton Grand Have; Mich. Post Electric Co. Andover, N. J Vulcan Electric Co. 600 Broad St. Lynn, Mass. Pot Sta-Warm Electric Co. 151 N. Chestnut St. Ravenna, Ohio Westinghouse Elec. Co. “. Pittsburg, Pa. w Insecticide Babson Bros Co. 2834 W. 19th St. Chicago 23, I11. General Electric 00. Schenectady 4, N. Y. H. D. Hudson Mfg Co. 589 E. Illinois St. Chicago , Ill. Ideal Industries, Inc. Sycamore, I11. Lowell Mfg Co. Chicago 11, Ill. - 175 - Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. F. E. Myers & Bro. Co. Ashland, Ohio Poweraire Corp. 552 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 4, Ill. spray Corp. of America; 1712 Payne St. Evanston, ‘11 Tanglefoot Co. Grnad Rapids, Mich. Orchard John Bean Mfg Co. ansing, Mich. Binks Mfg Uo. 5114-20 Carroll Ave. Uhicago 12, Ill. H. D. Hudson Mfg Co. 589 E. Illinois Uhicago, Ill. F. E. Myers & Bros Co. Ashland, Ohio National Agr. Supply Co. Ft Atkinson, Wis. Poweraire Corp. 552 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 4, Ill. Sprqer Corp. of America 1712 Payne St. Evanston, Ill. Stationary Sprayer A. B. Farquhar 00. York, Pa. Friend Mfg Co Gasport, N. Y. Paint American Brake Shoe Co. fiellogg Division Rochester, N. Y. Binks Mfg Co. 5114 Carroll Ave. Chicago 12, N11. W. R. Brown Vorp. 5719 Armitage St. Chicago, Ill. Brunner Mfg Co. Utica, N_ l. DeVilbiss, 500 Phillips Ave. Toledo 1, Ohio Electric Sprayit Co. 220 N. Broadway Milwaukee, Wis. General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. H. D. Hudson Mfg Co. 589 E. Illinois St. Chicago, Ill. Ideal Industries Inc. Sycamore, Ill. Lowell Mfg Co. 589 E. Illinois St. Chicago 11, Ill. F. E. Myers & Bros Co. Ashland, Ohio Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. National Agr. Supply 00. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. — 174 - Paasche Airbrush Co. H. D. Huson Mfg Uo. 1909 Diversey Pkwy 589 E. Illinois St. Chicago 14, Ill. Chicago, J-ll. SaylorbBeall Co. . International Electric Co. “ansing, Minn. 910 W. VanBuren St. Chicago, Ill. Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. National Elec. Appliance Co 1550 W. 117th St. Sharpe Mfg Co. Cleveland, Ohio 1224 Wall St. Los. Angeles, Calif. National Ideal Co. Toledo, Ohio STEAM CLEANER Ritchie Mfg Co. Brower Mfg Co. Conrad, Ia 215 N. 5rd St. Quincy, Ill. Rocklin Mfg Uo. Grand Ave. at Jenning St. Wexis Electric Heater Co. bioux City 7, Ia Wexis Bldg San Francisco, Calif. Siebring Mfg Co. - George, Ia STERILIZER (DAIRY UTENSILS) Smith Gates Corp. Ben H. Andersan Mfg Co. Plainfield, Conn. 51 N. Dickson St. Madison, Wis. Westinghouse n‘lectric Uo. Pittsburg, Pa. Esco Co. Westchester, Pa. Winpower_Mfg Co. Newton, 4a Gerton Mfg Co. Millville, Pa. De-icer Victor Products Corp. General Electric Co. Hagerstown, md Schenectady, N. Y. STOCK TANK HEATER Smith Gates Corp. Plainfield, Conn. H. D. Campbell Co. Rochelle, Ill. Westinghouse Elec. Co. Pittsburg, Pa. General Electric Uo. Schenectady, N. l. THERMOSTATS Hawkeye Steel Products Co. American Lincoln Incubator 00. Waterloo, Ia 745 Somerset St. New Brunswick, N. J. - 175 - Brower Mfg Co. 215 N. 5rd St. Quincy, Ill. Buckeye Incubator Co. Springfield, Ohio National Farm Equipment Co. 581 6th Ave. New York 11, N. Y. Oakes Mfg Co. Tipton, Ind. Klein Mfg Co. Burlington, Ia National Elec. Appliance Co. 1550-40 W. 118th St. Cleveland, Ohio Oakes Mfg Co. Tipton, Ind. H. M. Sheer Co. Quincy, Ill. TIME SWITCHES .Penn Electric Switch Co. Goshen, Ind. Sampel Time Control, Inc. 6000 N. Strong Ave. Spring Valley, Ill. H. M. Sheer Co. Quincy, Ill. Edwin L. leigand Co. 7500 Thomas Blvd Pittsburg, Pa. Iexis Electric Heater Co. Wesix Bldg San Francisco, Calif. Westinghouse Electric Corp. E. Pittsburg, Pa. THERMOSTAT WAFERS American Lincoln Incubator Co. 645 Somerset St. New Brunswick, N. J. Beacon Steel Products 00., *nc. Westminster, Md Brower Mfg Co. 215 N. 5rd St. Quincy, I11. Buckeye Incubator Co. Springfield, Ohio Dimming Devices General Electric Co. Bridgeport, Conn. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Paragon Electric Co. 405 S. Dearborn St. Chicago, Ill. Sangamo Electric Co. 11th & Converse Sts Springfield, 111. Tork Clock CO., Inc. 1 Grove St. Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Trumbull Electric Mfg Co. Plainville, Conn. Wadsworth Elec. Mfg. Co. 1941 Wadsworth Ave. Conington, Ky. Wesix Electric Heater Co. Wesix Bldg San Francisco, Calif. - 176 - VULCANIZER WATER HEATER Dairy Pressure Dill Mfg Co. 700 E. 82nd Ave. Ben H. Anderson Mfg 00. Cleveland 8, Ohio Madison 5, Wis. Inland Rubber Corp. DeLaval Separator Co. First National Bank Bldg 1 6 S. Broadway Chicago 5, Ill. New Yrok City Schrader's Son Frigidaire Division 470 Vanderbilt Ave. General Motors Brooklyn, N. Y. Dayton, Uhio WAGON UNLOADER General Construction Corp. St. Petersburg, Fla. The Fine Mfg Co. 1556 Glen Ave. Guard-It Mfg Co. Columbus, Ohio 1501 S. Laflin St. Chicago 8, Ill. Smalley Mfg Co. Manitowoc, Wis. Modern Water Equipment Co. ‘ Chicago, Ill. WASHER Egg Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. See Egg Universal Milking Machine 6 Fruit & Vegetable Waukesha, Wis. John Bean Mfg Co. U. S. Motors Corp. Lansing, Mich. Oshoksh, Wis. Huntley Mfg Co. Westinghouse Electric Co. Brocton, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa. Noffsinger Mfg & Supply Co. Immersion Type Fifth to Sixth St. on 6th Ave. . Greeley, Colo. Cutler-Hammer, Inc. Milwaukee, Wis. Paramount Mfg Co. 1615 E. Main St. General Electric Co. P. O. Box 1117 schenectady 5, N. Y. Stockton, Calif. Industrial Engineering & EquL; Parma Water Lifter Co. 711 S. Theresa Ave. Parma, Idaho St. Louis, Mo. - 177 - Lux Co. . Elkhart, Ind. National Ideal Co. Toledo 4, Ohio Smith Gates Corp. Plainfield, Conn. Watlow Electric Mfg Co. 1520 N. 25rd St. St. Louis 6, Mo. Edwin L. Wiegand 7500 Thomas Blvd Pittsburg, Pa. Portable Pour-in Ben H. Anderson Mfg Co. Madison, Wis. Guard-It Mfg Co. 1501 S. Laflin St. Chicago 8, III. A. L. Smith Corpi Chicago 4, Ill. United State Motors Corp. Oshkosh, Wis. D. Whitehead Mfg Co. Trenton, N. J. WATERERS ' g (with Heater) Hawkeye Steel Products Co. Waterloo, Ia Klein Mfg Co. Burlington, Ia Ritchie Mfg Co. Conrad, Ia WATER SYSTEMS See Pump WATER.WARMER Poultry Anderson Box Co. 700 W. Morris St. Indianapolis, Ind. Beacon Steel Prod. Co. Westminster, Md. Brower Mfg Co. 215 N. Third St. Quincy, Ill. Buckeye Incubator Co. Springfield, Ohio General Electric Co. Schenectady 5, N. Y. H. D. Hudson Mfg Co. 589 E. Illinois St. Chicago, Ill. Keen Equipment, Inc. Vineland, N. M. Lyon Rural Electric Co. 2075 Moore St. San Diego, Calif. National Elec. Appliance Co. 581 Sixth.Ave. New York City National Ideal Co. 914 Summit St. Toledo, Ohio Oakes mg Co. Tipton, Ind. H. M. Sheer Co. Quincy, Ill. Smith-Gates Corp. Plainville, Conn. Trumbull Electric Mfg Co. Plainville, Conn. - 178 - WAXER American-Lincoln Incubator Co. 645 Somerset St. New Brunswick, N. J. WELDER Alloy Rods Co. Ybrk, Pa. Chicago Precision Machine Co. 922 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 2, I11. Ergolyte Mfg Co. 5672 N. Lawrence St. Philadelphia, Pa. General Electric Co. 922 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago 2, Ill. Glenn Roberts Co. Oakland, Calif. Harnischieger Corp. Milwaukee, Wis. Hobart Bros 00” Hobart Square Troy, Ohio Hollup Corp. 4700 W. 19th St. Chicago, Ill. K. 0. Lee Co. Aberdeen, S. Dak. Lincoln Electric Co. 12818 Coit St. Cleveland, Ohio marquette Mfg Co. Minneapolis, minn. Miller Electric Mfg Co. Appleton, Wis. Montgomery Ward Chicago 7, Ill. Patent Specialties, Inc. 76 Cedar Lane P. O. Box 150 Iestwood, N. J. A. O. Smith Corp. 5555 N. 27th St. Milwaukee, Wis. U. S. Elec. Welder Corp. 1224 W. Bancroft St. Toledo, 6, Ohio Westinghouse Elec. Corp. E. Pittsburg, Pa. Will-Weld Mfg Co., Inc. 60 E. 42nd St. 1New York City Sears Roebuck Chicago, Ill. - 179 — Index of Available Electrically Operated Farm Equipment Information Manufacturers Page Page AIR.COMPRESSOR ............. . 61 ............ . 159 ALARMS .... .............. .... 18 ............. 159 Burglar ................ 18, 78 ....... ...... 159 Fire & Temp... ..... ..... 18, 78 ............. 159 Freezer ................ l8 ............. 159 ANIMAL PROD ................. 100 ............. 140 BAGGING MACHINE ............. 92 ............. 140 Fruits & Vegetables .... 92 ............. 140 BARN CLEANER . ............. .. 5O ............. 140 BATTERY CHARGER ............. 62 ............. 140 Motor Generator ........ 62 ........ ..... 140 Trickle ................ 62 ............. 140 Vacuum Tube ..... ....... 62 ............. 140 BEE KEEPERS EQUIPMENT .. ..... 108 140 Hive heater ............ 108 ............. 140 Honey Extractor ........ 108 ............. 140 Honey Heater & Bottler . 1083 ............. 141 Uncapping Knife ........ 109 ............. 141 BRANDING IRON ............... lOO ............. 141 BROODERS 79 141 Chicken ................ 79 ............. 141 Lamb OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 100 OOOOOOOOOOOOOO 141 P1 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 100 0000.00.00... 142 BULL RCISER .............. 101 ............. 142 CAPONIZER .............. ..... 81 ............. 142 CHURN ............... ........ 5O ............. 142 CIDER MILL & PRESS .......... 92 . ............ 142 CLIPPERS .............. ...... 101 ...... ...... . 142 Animal ................. 101 ... .......... 142 Hedge ......... ...... ... 94 ............. 142 CONCRETE ....... ...... ....... 65 ........ ..... 142 Mixer .................. 65 ............. 142 Vibrator .............. 65 ............. 145 CONVEYOR-S 0.0000000000000000. 19 00.00.00 00000 145 General Farm ........... 19 ............. 145 Screw (lee Elevator) ... 47 ............. 145 CORN ,,,,,.................. 44 ............. 145 Corn Cob Crusher ....... 44 ............. 145 Crackers ............... 44 ............. 145 Drier .................. 44 ............. 145 Grader & Sorter ........ 45 ...... ....... 145 Husker & Sheller . ..... . 45 ...... ....... 145 Sheller ................ 46 ............. 144 CWOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOIOOOOOO 30 0000000000000 144 Separators ...... . ...... 5O ....... ..... . 144 — 180 - Information Manufacturers Page Page DEBEAKING EQUIPMENT ......... 82 ............ 144 DEHYDRATOR .................. 46 ............ 145 DRIERS ..... ....... ...... 92 ............ 145 Fruit & Vegetable ...... 92 . ..... ...... 145 Hay (See Fan) .......... 50 ............ 145 Seed ................... 56 ............. 145 DRILL ..... ........... ..... 64 ....... ..... 145 Portable ........ ...... . 64 ............ 145 Post ,,,................ 64 ..... . ...... 145 Press .................. 64 ............ 146 Floor .............. 64 ............ 146 . Bench .............. 64 ............ 146 EGGOO 00000000000000.0000... 82 000000000 000 146 Candler ...... .......... 82 ............ 146 Cleaner ...... ... ....... 82 ............ 146 Cooler .... ........ ..... 85 .... ........ 146 Grader ................. 85 .. ...... .... 147 Washer ................. 84 .. .......... 147 ELECTROCUTOR ...... .......... 84 ... ......... 147 ELEVATOR ..... . ........ .. 47 ............ 147 Auger Type (Grain). . 47 ... ........ . 147 Blower Type (Grain) .... 47 ............ 147 Freight .... . ..... 48 ............. 147 Mechanical Cup Type .... 48 ............ 147 Pneumatic Type ......... 48 ............ 148 Portable (Hay, grain) .. 49 ............ 148 Poultry Litter ......... ....... ..... 148 ENSILAGE CUTTER, HAY CHOPPER, SILO FILLER ..... ...... .. 50 ............ 148 FAN ..... .................... 65 ............ 148 Cooling ................ 65 ............ 148 Exhaust .... ..... . ...... 65 ............ 149 Hay Drying ............. 50 ............ 149 Centrifugal .. ...... 5O ............ 149 Propeller ..... ..... 50 ...... ...... 149 Ventilation . ...... ..... 51 ............ 149 Dairy & Poultry .... 51, 77 ............. 149 FEED ...... ...... .......... 52 ............ 150 Grinder ............ 52 ............ 150 Burr Mill .......... 52 ............ 150 Hammer Mill ........ 52 ............ 150 Roller Mill ........ 55 ............ 151 Mixer .... ...... ........ 55 ...... ..... . 151 FENCE .... 102 ............ 151 FEEDER (AUTOMATIC FOR CHICKS) 84 ............ 151 FLOUR MILL (Small Type) ..... 54 ............ 152 FORGE BLOWER ................ 65 ....... ..... 152 FROST PREVENTION ... ...... ... 95 ............ 152 GERMINATORS (See Seed) .z.... 57 ............ 152 GLUE POTS ooooooooooooooooooo g "’000000000 152 GRADERS ..... . ...... ...... . 95 ............ 155 Fruit & vegetable .....° 95 .... 155 — 181 - Information Manufacturers Page Page GRINDERS (Emery Wheel) ..... .. 66 . ....... .... 155 Bench .. ..... . .. ...... 66 ...... ..... . 155 Portable .... . .......... 66 .. .......... 154 GRINDER(See Feed) 52 154 GRINDSTONES ..... ....... ...... 67- .. ...... .... 154 GROOMER ..... .............. ... 104 . ....... .... 154 HAMMER ................. ...... 67 ............. 154 HAY .............. ............ 50 ............ HEATER ....................... 51 ............ 155 Milk House ............ .. 51 ............ 155 HEATING CABLE ...... ....... ... 95 ....... ..... 155 S011 ........... ......... 95 ............ 155 - Water Pipe .............. 19 ...... ..... .. 155 HEDGE CLIPPER ................ 94 ............ 142 HOIST ,,,,..........:......... 54 ............ 155 Hay ..................... 54 ...... ...... 155 Milk Can ................ 52 .. ..... ..... 155 Power .. ....... . ......... 67 ............ 156 HOTBED 95 ...... Soil Heating Cable ...... 95 ............ (See Heating Cable) Light Bulb Type ......... 91 ............ (See Illustration 6) Soil Sterilizer ..... .. 95 ..... ....... (See Soil Sterilizer) HULLER. .. ..... .. ..... 55 ............ 156 Alfalfa & Clover Seed .... 55 ............ 156 Oats 00.000000000000000... 55 ooodoooooooo 156 Pea, Bean ......... ...... 55 ............ 156 ICE CREAM FREEZER ...... ...... 55 ............ 156 INCUBATORS ................... 84 .... ...... .. 156 Large ................... 84 ............ 156 Small ................... 84 ............ 156 INSECTS ...................... 109 ............ 157 Screens ........ ........ . 109 ............ 157 Sprayers ......... ....... 107 ............ 172 Traps . .......... ...... 109 ............ 157 INTERCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. 19 ............ 157 IRRIGATION PUMP (See Pump) ... 2O ............ 157 LAMB DOCKER .................. 102 ............ 157 LATHES ...... ................. 68 ............ 157 Metal ..... ......... ..... 68 ............ 157 Wood . ..... ....... ....... 68 ............ 157 LIGHTS............ .......... ., 2O 158 Flood .......““.......... 20 ...... ...... 158 Germicidal & Ultra-violet 55, 85 ............ 158 Infra-“redooooooooooooooo 95 0000000000.. 158 Trouble ................. 68 .... ........ 158 Yard Controls ........... 2O . ..... . ..... 158 - 182 - Information Manufacturers Page Page MEAT PROCESSING ..... ... ..... . 105 Grinder ................. 105 Hoist ................... 67 Saw ..................... 105 MILK COOLER .................. 54 MILK MACHINES ................ 56 Air-Line ...... .......... 56 Portable ................ 56 MIDK REFRIGERATOR ...... ...... 56 MOLASSES HEATER .............. 55 .......... 161 MOTORS 00.0000000000000000000. 21' 68 000000000 161 .....C..... 159 MOWERS ....................... 23 II......... 161 .......... 159 ... See Hoist ... .......... 15 .......... 159 ..... ..... 160 .......... 160 ........... 160 ........... 160 PASTEURIZER .................. 57 .......... 162 Home ..... ........ ....... 57 .......... 162 PICKER ....................... 86 .......... 162 PLANER ....................... 69 .......... 162 POLLINATOR ................... 94 .......... 162 POTATO ....................... 96 .......... 162 Bag Tier ........... ..... 96 .......... 162 .......... 165 .... ...... 165 .......... 165 Grader .................. Washer .................. 97 PUMP ..... ..... ............... - Gasoline ................ 7O ......... 165 Grease .................. 7O . . 165 Irrigation .............. 2O . ..... ..... 165 Sump ......... ........... 25 ........... 165 Water System ............ 25 ............. 164 REFRIGERATION ................ 25 ............ 166 Cold Storage . ........ ... 25 ........... 166 Freezers ................ 25 ........... 166 Deep Type ........... 25 ........... 166 Upright ............. 25 ........... 167 Walk-in.uu............n. 26 ........... 168 Low Temperature ..... 26 ........... 168 Normal Temperature .. 26 ........... 168 RODENT EXTERMINATOR .......... 27 .......... 168 SANDER00.00000000000000000... 70 00.00.0000 168 Bench 00.00000000000000.. 70 0000000000 168 Portable ................ 70 .......... 168 SAW000.000.000000000000000000 71 000000000. 169 Band 000000000000000.0... 71 0000000000 169 Metal Cutting ....... 71 .......... 169 Wood Cutting ........ 71 .......... 169 Circular ................ 71 ..... ..... 169 Cut-Off ............. 71 .......... 169 Hand Portable ....... 71 ........... 169 Rip ................. ........... 170 Hack0..00000000000.00000 72 0000.000... 170 Jig ..................... 72 ........... 170 SWDER00000000000000.0000... 87 .000000000. 170 - 185 - Information Manufacturers Page Page SEED 0000.00.00.0000000. 000000 56 0000000000. 170 Cleaner & Grader ........ 56 ........... 170 Drier .. ..... ............. 56 ........... 170 Duster & Treater ........ 57 ........... 171 Germinator .............. 57 ........... 171 SHAPER ................. ...... 72 ........... 171 SHEARS ....................... 75 ........... 171 Metal ................... 75 ........... 171 Sheep 00.000000000000000. 103 ooooooooooo 171 SILO UNLOADER ................ 45 ........... 172 SINGER .... . ................ 87 ........... 172 SOIL HEATING CABLE ........... 95 ........... SOIL STERILIZER.. .......... 95 ........... 172 SOLDERING . ....... . ..... ...... 75 ...... ..... 172 Pot ..................... 74 ........... 172 SPRAYER ...................... 107 ........... 172 Insecticide ............. 107 . ...... .... 172 Orchard ................. 96 ........... 175 Paint 0.0000000000000000. 74 0000000000. 173 STEAM CLEANER .... .......... 58, 87 ........... 174 STERILIZER (DAIRY UTENSILS) .. 59 174 STOCK TANK HEATER & DEICER ... 99, 105 ........... 174 THERMOSTATS 00.000000000000000 87 0000000000. 174 THERMOSTAT WAFERS ,........... 87 ........... 175 TIME SWITCHES ,................ 88 ........... 175 Dimming Devices .......... 88 ............ 176 VULCANIZER . ........ ........... 74 ........... 176 WAGON UNLOADER ,.......... ..... 58 ........... 176 WASHER ........................ 84 ........... Egg (See Egg) ...... ...... 84 ........... Fruit & Vegetable . ..... .. 97 ........... 176 WATER HEATER ...... ....... ..... 59 ........... 176 Dairy Pressure ........... 59 ..... ...... 176 Immersion Type ........... 4O ........... 176 Portable Pour-in ......... 59 ........... 177 WATERERS ...................... 105 ........... 177 Hog (with Heater) ..... ... 105 ........... 177 WATER SYSTEMS (See Pumps) ..... 25 ............ WATER WARMER (Poultry) ........ 88 ...... ..... 177 WAX-ER0000000 00000 00.000.00.000 89 0000.00.000 178 WELDER ... ............. ....... 75 ..... ..... . 178 ROOM USE- ONLY 06 12 12 Feb Snag ”'Wflififllljligflgl’ml‘fifilflfifilfiiflflflfifll’h‘s