101 425 ‘THS ‘ A STUDY OF‘AMETHOD To] , DETERMINE THE CONSTITUENTS. 0F : FRESH-l CONCRETE , ,, Thesis for the Degree of B. S. _ M1CHIGAN STATE.“ COLLEGE Walter, Ralph Bammel ” . 1943 { - THE STUDY OF A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE CONSTITUENTS OF FRESH CONCRETE A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science by Walter Ralph gammel Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Juné’1945 T H ESIS‘ £3 DEDICATION To Asst. Prof. Lee J. Rothgery of the Civil Engineering Department, from Whom I have gained a wealth of knowlege in the field of concrete, I dedicate this Thesis. INTRODUCTION At the present time it is believed that the quality of a given concrete can be definitely established if the actual constituents of the mixture as finally placed are known. It has been general practice to determine the quality of concrete by compression tests on a cylinder poured at the time the mixture is placed in the forms. This method has a disadVant- age in regard to time, an element the peOple of today are greatly concerned with. The need for a test to analyze the fresh concrete mix as to its water / cement ratio and prOportions of cement, fine and coarse aggregate can at once be recognized. The "ready mixed" concrete industry has created a need for the ability to analyze concrete quickly. Strength Specifications based upon w/c relationships determined from previous tests make it desirable to control the strength by maintaining these relationships or to predict the strength if they may be determined by test. Field control and a check on the con- tractor add to the needs for a test of this sort. This paper is not written with the intent to offer a fiéw'=' a new method for the analysis of fresh concrete, but is a "”' study of the Dunagan Test for the field determination of the constituents of fresh concrete. Therefore, the purpose of this paper might be stated as follows: (a) To present a detailed picture of the Dunagan method. (b) To present the actual results of a large number of tests conducted on batches of fresh concrete of different consistencies. (c) To analyze the results of these tests as to the accuracy of this particular method. The test outlined in this paper makes the fullest use of 'knowlege as to what constitutes.concrete of a given quality; it attacks the problem in a direct manner with the maximum economy of time and expence. The solution offered is to take samples of the fresh concrete from the structure at any point and determine the amounts of its significant constituents, namely the water, cement, and fine and coarse aggregate. The concrete can be tested at any time before it has definitely hardened. Since on any given job it is not necessary to check up on the material more than every two hours, any competant inSpector can handle this test along with his other duties. The principle used throughout is the old Archimedian principle of water diaplacement, eliminating all necessity of the drying of any of the constituents. The diSplacements of the materials are measured from their boyancy in water. One feature of the test that is of particular advantage is that, except for the inital weighing in air which should be done as soon as the sample is selected, the test can be deferred to a any time within the setting period for after the initial weigh- ing of the sample in air any water lost is of no consequen- ce since "water in water weighs nothing." The Dunagan method is far from.being the only method of determining the constituents of fresh concrete. Solutions by other methods have been offered by G.S. Griesenauer, R.L. Bertin, and W.I. Freel. The three main procedures attempt to determind the amounts of the ingredients from their displace- ment rather than by drying them after the cement has been re- moved by washing through a No. 100 sieve. The first method, the one used by Dunagan, determines the displacement from the boyancy of the materials; the second determines the displace- ment by means of the volume of water displaced in a cylinder using the same principle as that used in the A.S.T.M. flasks for Specific gravity determinations; the thir¥method obtains the displacement by means of weighing a cylinder container used as a pycrometer. Reasons why the Dunagan method seems to be the most practical to work with are as follows: (1) Neither of the other methods were flexible and they required special apparatus not suited for use in other tests. However, in the Dunagan method the Specific gravity, free moisture and absorption tests were unified causing the control tests to become a series of connected tests rather than isolated determinations. (2) This method permits deferriny the test. In using a cylinder as in the second method, the water in the sam- ple must be retained and its diSplacement notefl.Any loss through evaproation makes the test inaccurate. (5) The Dunagan method combines the advantages of all three methods. That is, aggregates can be easily recovered and surface dried as a check, this being a necessity in the second method. This is also a feature of the third method. The size of the sample is not limited. A large sample could be tested in sections so that the apparatus might be small enough for portable field oper- ation. Then too, the boyancy principle permits greater accuracy in weighing with less expensive equipment. The accuracy required as test for the analysis of fresh concrete should also be looked into. In preportioning a batch a degree of accuracy must be maintained consistent with the accuracy with which the analysis is to check the batch. For example: if it is expected to check within % gal of water per bag of cement the free moisture er absorption of the aggregates should be controlled within 0.2%. (é In sampling; samples should be taken so that they are truly representative of the batch.:Of course the series of tests conducted for this paper were to analyze a total batch assuming that if the results met with the required accuracy for this case, the results would be equally accurate in anal- yzing a portion of a batch if a representative sample were chosen. The analysis for the w/c ratio is the ultimate criterion of accuracy. The value of determining the amount of cement depends upon the relative amount of water so that it may be considered with the water as a ratio. With a given unit vol- ume of typical concrete the water is a relatively small per- centage by weight. In a one bag mix containing the propor- tions of l - 2% - 4 by weight the total materials are about 760 1b.; of this 56 lb. is water, or but 7.5% by weight of the total batch. Since it is desinable that the water be con- trolled within~% gal per bag of cement it is necessary that the accuracy required is 2 lb. in 760 or 1/380. If absorption and free moisture tests are not preformed more colsely than within 0.2% the analysis of the concrete should not be required to check closer than within 0.2 gal per bag of cement. To summarize, if the tests are carried out with the des- ited accuracy they not only furnish the w/c ratio, prOpor- tions of cement, and fine and coarse aggregate, but will also furnish a method of checking the efficiency of mixing and placing Operations. Apparatus set for weighing: in air Apparatus set for weighing: immersed Plus nested sives PROCEDURE The equipment for this test was obtained from the Mich- igan State Highway Department, whom I wish to thank for their courtesy and generosity. The apparatus was intact with the ex- ception of the rider which had to be calculated. Although the beam was graduated in grams and tenths of grams, I wished to make a rider that would convert that scale to tenths and hun- dredths of a gram. Therefore, the apparatus was set up for weighing in air, and a 0.5 gm weight was placed in the right hand weighing pan. The scale was balanced by means of the small adjustment screw weight. Then this 0.5 gm weight was taken off the pan and a piece of wire was placed over the zero graduation on the beam and the material was filed off the wire until the scale again balanced. Now thescale should be ready for weighing. To test it I placed a 1.0 gm weight in the right hand weighing pan and the rider over the 1.0 gm graduation. The scale bal- anced proving the accuracy of the riders weight. Before the actual tests to determine theconstituents of fresh concrete can be run it is necessary to determine the specific gravity of the cement and the fine and coarse agg- regates. It is also necessary to find the percent cement re- tained on the No. 100 sieve and the percent of fine aggregate passing the same. These tests were conducted in the following manner 0 Tests for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate ScOpe: This method of test is intended for use in making determinations of apparent Specific gravity and absorption (after 24 hours in water at room temperature) of coarse aggregate. It is the method Specified by the American Society for Testing Materials. The apparatus used was that which was used for the whole series of tests. Procedure: Approximately 5 Kg. of the aggregate was selected from the sample to be tested, rejecting all mat- erial that passed a No. 4 sieve. The sample was immersed in water at room temperature. It was them thoroughly agitated to remove dust or other coatings from thw surfaces of the particles and allowed to absorb water for 24 hours. It was then removed from the water and rolled in a large absorbent cloth until all visable films of water are N w removed. However, the surfaces of the particles still appeared to be damp. Care must be taken to avoid'evaporation during the operation of surface drying. The weight of the sample in the saturated surface-dry condition was then obtained. This and all subsequien weights were obtained to the nearest 0.5 gm. After weighing, the sat- urated surface-dry sample was then placed immediately in the c0pper bucket and its weight in water determined. 10 The sample was then dried to constant weight at a temp- erature of 100 to 110 degrees Cengigrade, cooled to room temperature and wieghed. A is the B is the sample C is the weight in weight in in air. weight in Apparent Specific Gravity . A Percentage of Absorption Sample Computation: Trial I. A - 706.45 B a 717.45 O H 448.04 Results of Tests: A Test I 706.45 Test II 946.91 Test III 898.50 Average Results A-C = (B-A)1OO .____K___ \ grams of oven-dry sample in air. grams of saturated surface dry grams of saturated sample in water. Specific Gravity = 706.45 706.45-448.04 = 2.75 Absorption = 717.45-706.45 I706.45 . 1.56 B C Sp. Gr. Absorption 717.45 448.04 2.75 1.56 958.40 601.22 2.74 1.21 907.15 572.04 2.75 0.985 2.74 1.25 % 11 Tests for Absorption of Fine Aggregate ScOpe: The purpose of this test is to determine the amount of water absorbed by the fine aggregate. Apparatus is the same as was used throughout the whole series of tests. Procedure: A volume of sand was selected from the bin and placed in a pail of water to stand until satur- ated. The length of time was taken to be 24 hours. After saturation, the sample was removed from the pail, Spread on a flat surface exposed to the air, and stirred till the surface moisture disappeared. The fine aggregate was dried until it became free flowing. In order to gage more accurately the end point, the sample was placed in a dry quart glass jar and the sand shaken against the sides of the jar. When the grains just tended to adhere to the sides of the jar, a test was made. Three tests were made in succession to obtain the absorption value. S is the weight of the saturated surface-dry sample. D is the weight of the same sample dried to a con- stant weight, Percent Absorption - S-D _IT' Sample Computation:~ Test I S a 528.06 Percent.Absorption D - 521.05 .§:2 : 528.06-521.05 : 1.55 D 521.05 12 Results of Tests: D 8 Percent Absorption Test I 521.05 528.06 1.55 Test II 755.64 745.55 1.05 Test III 628.57 654.54 0.905 Average Result 1.12 Tests for Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate Sc0pe: This test is used to determine the Specific Gravity of fine aggregate. The principle back of this test is that the specific gravity is equal to the fine aggregate's dry weight divided by its loss of weight in water. Procedure: A sample of fine aggregate was taken from the bin, saturated, ahd then surface dried. This sample was placed in the c0pper pail and its weight immersed determined. The weight of thw sample dried to a cons? tant weight was then found. A is the weight in grams of the oven dried sample in air. B is the weight in grams of the saturated sample immersed in water. Specific Gravity . A .A-B Sample Computation: Test I A = 1150.59 Specific Gravity a 1150.69 B = 708.51 I130.5§-7OE.6I 2 2.68 15 Results of Tests: A B Specific Gravity Test I 1150.69 708.61 2.68 Test 11 1181.54 741.60 2.69 Test III 1621.94 640.58 2.68 Average Results 2.68 Tests for Specific Gravity of Cement 'Sc0pe: This test is used to determine the Specific gravity of the cement used, Portland cement. The method of the American Society of Testing Materials was not used because it is believed that there should be a direct relationship between the test for Specific gravity and the test to determine the constituents of fresh concrete. There- fore the same apparatus was used in this test as in the previous ones 0 Procedure: A sample of the cement was taken and its weight det- ermined. This same sample was then placed in the copper pail and the weight immersed determined. A is the weight of the cement from the bin. B is the weight of the cement immersed. Specific Gravity a A A-B Sample Computation: Test I A - 557.57 Specific Gravity - 557.57 B = 564.20 53: 05:-061026 - 5.10 14 Results of Tests: A B Specific Gravity Test I 557.57 564.20 5.10 Test II 455.06 507.55 5.08 Test III 452.24 505.14 5.04 Average -? Results 5.10 \r Tests for Percent of Cement Retained and Percent of Fine Aggregate passing No. 100 Sieve Scope: The purpose of these tests are to determine the per- cent of cement retained on a No. 100 sieve and the percent of fine aggregate passing the same. Normally not all cement passes through the No. 100 sieve and some of the sand passes, but in both cases the amounts are quite small and often offset each other. Procedure for Cement: A sample ot cement was taken from the bin and weighed. This sample was then placed in the #100 sieve and washed for a time period of five minutes. The material remaining on the Sieve was dried and weighed. A is the weight of sample of cement. B is the weight of dry material retained. Percent retained =.§(100) A 15 Sample Computation: Test I A = 564.20 Percent Retained g 8.57(100) '354726 B = 8.57 z 2.56 % Results of Tests: A B Cement retained Test I 554.20 8.57 2.55% Test I]: 507.55 4.14 1.55% Test III 505.14 5.55 1.11% Average Results 1.61% Procedure for Fine Aggregate: A sample of the fine aggregate was taken from the bin and its ' weight obtained. This sample was placed on the #166 sieve, and washed for a period of five minutes. After which the sample remaining was dried to a constant weight and its weight det- ermined. A is the weight of sample bone dry before washing. B is the weight of sample bone dry after washing. Percent Fine Aggregate passing #166 sieve - (A-BA100 Sample Computation: Test I A 782.72 Percent of Fine Aggregate Passing 782.72-765.76 765.76 782.72 B 2.17% 16 Results of Tests: Percent of Fine A B Aggregate Passing Sieve Test I 782.72 765.76 2.17 Test IE 988.55 975.95 1.25 Test III 996.19 987.55 1.79 Average Results 1.77 Conclusions: As can be seen from the results, the cement re- tained was 1.61% and the fine aggregate passing was 1.77%. The difference being 0.15%. The fact that more fine aggregate passes than cement is retained undoubtably produces an error in the test to determine the constituents of fresh concrete. The error; being as small as it is, and because of the uncertainty of where a correction should be applied; was omitted entirely from this series of tests. In the tests to determine the constituents of fresh con- crete three batches of concrete will be analyzed. The batches will be of varying consistencies as: dry, medium, and wet. Approximately the same w/c ratio will be used in each batch. The size of the batch was chosen to be 5000 gm. The size of a sample to be analyzed in the field would be the same. Batch A Gross Wt. Corrections Net Wts. PrOp. Cement 500 500 1 Fine Agg. 1000 -11.2 988.8 1.98 Coarse Agg. 1500 -18.8 1481.2 2.96 Water 221.5 50.0 251.5 .505 17 Batch B Gross Wt. Corrections Net Wts. Prop. Cement 500 500 1 Fine Agg. 875 -9.8 884.8 1.77 Coarse Agg. 1250 -l5.6 1265.6 2.55 Water 221.5 25.4 246.9 .494 Batch C Gross Wt. Corrections Net Wts. Prop. Cement 700 700 1 Fine Agg. 1050 -11.8 1058.2 1.48 Coarse Agg. 1400 -17.5 1582.5 1.98 Tater 510 29.5 559.5 .485 Now the actual tests can be run.§The prOper weights of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water are weighed out1 with the apparatus set for weighing in air. The fine aggregate was chosen as all material passing a No. 4 sieve, and coarse aggregate was that retained on the same; These materials were mixed in a pan and then washed into the 00pper pail. Care was taken to wash all the concrete into the pail, and at the same stirring the contents to prevent the trapping of any air in the mixture. The pail with its contents was then allowed to stand for a period of at least one minute. After settling it was immersed in the large boiler and the excess water flowed through the run-off Spout till it ceased of its own accord. It is important not to make any immersed weighings untill all the excess water has run off: otherwise an error will be incurred in the weighings. When this weight has been taken the contents of the pail are poured onto the nested No. 4 and 100 seives. The No. 100 sieve is a Special one with Openings around the sides. The material on the seives is now washed untill all the cement has been washed out and the coarse and fine aggregates 18 are seperated on the two sieves. The coarse aggregate is re- turned to the pail and its weight immersed obtained. Then the fine aggregate is added and the weight of the two combined is found, (immersed weights). The immersed weight of the fine aggregate is calculated by subtracting the weight of the coarse aggregate from the weight of the two combined. Similarly the weight of the cement, immersed, is obtained by subtracting thh the weight of the combined aggregates from the weight of the of the total mix. The dry weights are then calculated from the following formula: Specific Gravity, . Dry Weight 8 Specific Gravity -‘I (Immeresed Weight) The weight of the water in the batch is found by the diff- erence between the total batch weight in air and the sum of the calculated dry weights of the cement and aggregates. Now the computations of the w/c ratio and cement and coarse and fine aggregates pr0p0rtions can be made. The following page contains a chart showing the results of the tests,on the three batches; a determination of the constituents of fresh concrete. Test No. Actual l. 2. 5. 6. 10. SUMMARY OF TEST ANALYSIS Ga1./bag of Cement Cement - Fine Agg. Batch A 5.68 1-1.98-2.96 5.54 1.]. 094-2 087 5.69 - 1"]. 095-2 .88 5.77 l-l.95-2.94 5.77 1"]. 096-2 .9]. 5.67 1-1.90-2.48 5.77 1‘1 090-2 .87 5.52 1'1 089-2 090 1-1.97-2.94 5.57 1"]. 092-2 087 5.84 1"]. 096-1 .92 Batch B 5.57 1"]. 077-2 .46 5.59 1-1.70-2.46 5.58 1"]. 075-2 044 5.51 1-l.74-2.47 5.57 l-l.75-2.47 5.64 1.]. 074-2 .47 5.56 l-l.75-2.48 5.45 1']. 072-2 .45 5.56 l-1.75-2.47 5.56 1']. 075-2 .46 5.68 1-1.75-2.48 - Coarse Agg. Batch 0 5.47 1"]. 0 48-1 098 5.44 1-1.45-1.94 5.56 1"]. 0412-1 .96 5.59 1-l.45-1.91 5.44 1-1.46-1.94 5.42 1-1 045.]. .95 5.48 1-1.47-1.95 . 5.45 1"]. 044-1 092 5.51 1-1048-1 095 5.45 1-1.&5-1.94 5.55 1-1.49-1.97 19 Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt. Wt. TEST 1 ‘Mm cment.......t...- = 500.0 Fine Aggregate.... = 988.8 Coarse Aggregate-o = 1481.2 watal‘............. 3 251.5 g. g. g. of test sample in eir.. :- 3221.5 of test sample imersed.......................... = 1898.2 Of CWBOMO mused....o................ ooooo o a 935.2 of Coarse Agg. plus Fine Agg. imersed........... = 1555.1 of Fine Agg. innersed............ ......... = 519.9 Of Gallant merfled................................ = 345.6 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 545.6 ) = 510.7 3. Fine Agg. 2.68 ( 620.0 ) = 992.0 s- 2. - Coarse Agg. 2.74 ( 955.2 ) = W 8- 2.75 - 1 Total 2970.9 3. Water 5221.5 - 2970.9 250.6 Praportions Water Cement Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. Actual .505 1.00 1.98 2.96 “hum“ .491 1.00 1 91 Lane} - -. 20 .5 ma omentOIOCOOO. Fine Aggregate. . . . Coarse Aggregate.. "ataOOOCOOI‘OOOO. -MIXA 500.0 8‘ 988.8 8‘ 1481.2 8‘ 25105 8' Wt. Of test sample inair...................:......s. . 3221.5 Wt. of test sample imersed................. ...... = 1896.1 Wt. Of coarse A“. merged-770656000050000000190 ..... o 33 956.8 Wt. of Coarse Agg. plus Fine Agg. innnersed........... = 1551.4 Wt. Of Fine A88. merfled..'....a.~vs................. = 61‘.6 Wt. of Cement imersed................................ = 344.7 Calculatigns Cement 3.1 ( 544.7 ) = 510.3 80 Fine Agg. 2.68 ( 614.6 ) = 985.4 6- Coarse Agg. 2.714 ( 956.8 ) = 1470.8 3- 2.7 - TOtfil 2964.4 8‘ Water 5221.5 - 2964.4 257.1 M 1 Water 5 Caught Fine A33. Coarse Agg. ”“31 .505 1.0a 1259‘s 2-96 Calcuiated .504 1.55 A . 1.95 2.88 g messes " 21 TM?) cmentOOOO... Fine Aggregate. . . . Coarse Aggregate” "atrdoooooooopooo Wt. of test saple in air........... Wt. of test sample imersed........................... Wt. of Coarse A33. immersed.......................... Wt. of Coarse Agg. plus Fine Agg. imersed... Wt. of Fine A33. imersed.................... Wt. of Cement imersed............... “ 22 '-‘ 500.0 8- 3 98808 8' s 148102 8' :3 25105 8' 0.000.000.0000... . 3221.58. 3 1895.2 8' :3 940.08. 0.000000 = 1555.0 80 00000... = 615.080 0000000000000... = 340.28. Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 340.2 )= 503.0 s. m, - Fine A33. 2.68 ( 615.0 ) = 984.0 8- 2. - Coarse Agg. 2.71. ( 940.0 ) = 1475.8 s~ 2.7 - Total 2963.3 8- Water 3221.2 - 2963.3 25709 8. Proportions L Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse Agg. Actual} .503 1.00 1.98 2.95 Calculated .511 1.00 1.93. 2,94 Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt . Ht. Wt. TEST Cement . . Fine Aggregate . Coarse Aggregate” W8tfl‘............. 4 - ME A oooooooooo 3 50000 ... = 98808 = 1481.2 3 25105 "23 6. 8. 8. of test sample inair................ ..... ....... 3 3221.5 3. of test sample imersed.......................... = 1895.5 3. of Coarse A33. inmsrsed.................... ...... = 935.7 g. of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1554.5 3. Of FineAwo mereed.............. ....... 0000...: 618.8 8. of Cement imersed.................. ............ . = 341.0 g. Calculations Cement 331 ( 341.0 ) = 504.7 So 3'17“], - I Fine Agg. 2.68 ( 618.8 )= 990.1 g. 2. - Coarse A88. 2.7“ ( 935.7 ) = 1469.0 8. 2.75 - I T0135]. 296308 8. Water 322105 " 296308 25707 Proportions Water Cement 4 Fine A33. Coarse Agg. ‘Actual .503 1.00 1.98 2.96 Calculated . 511 1 . 00 1.96 2 .91 Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TESTS oment...'......j.... Fine Aggregate. . . . Coarse Aggegaten watwOOOO'OOIOOOOD -MIXA -. 24 500.0 Go 98808 8' 1481.2 8’ 25105 8? Of teat Sample 111 811'............................ . 3221.5 30 of test suple imersed.......................... = 1395.5 8. Of cwse A88- mused.......................... 3 933.? 80 of Coarse Agg. plus Fine Agg. imersed........... a 1545.3 3. OfFinOAgg. morsed.............. ooooooo 000.00.: 612.6 80 Of cmnt W8“............................... = 349.2 8. Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 349.2 ) = 516.8 8- Fine A33. 2.68 ( 612.6 ) = 980.2 8: Coarse A33. 2.?“ ( 933.7 )81465.2 8- 2.775 - I Total 1962.9 8- Water 3221.5 - 296209 25906 Proportions Water 0.69.1; Fine A33. Coarse Agg. Actual .503 1.00 1.98 2.95 Calculated .502 1.00 1.90 2.84 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TEST 6 - MIX A omentoooo ..... .06 = 500.0 8- Fine Aggregate.... = 988.8 3. Coarse Aggregate” = 1481.2 3. W8t81‘............. =3 251.5 8" of test sampleinair......... ....... .........‘...i15221.5 of test sample immersed... ...... W... :2 1983.2 of Coarse A33. iunnersed..'............ ..... ...... = 936.4 of Coarse Agg. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1546.6 of Fine Agg. imersed......."....... ........ = 610.2 Of cmnt merfled...................... ooooooooo = 346.6 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 346.6 ) = 515.08. Fine A33. 2.68 ( 610.2 ) = 976.3 s- 2. - Coarse Agg. 2.711 ( 936.4 ) = 1470.1 8- 2.75 - I Total 2959.4 3. Water 3221.5 - 2959.4 262.1 80 Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse Agg. Actual _ ‘ .505. 1.00 1.98 2.96 Calculated .511 1.00 1.90 2.87 . «masque 2 5 Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt. Wt. TEST? -MIXA oment.... ccccc to. a 500.08. , -Fine A33re3ate.... = 988.8 8. . Coarse Awesateu = 1481.2 so “at”............. = 251.58. Of tefit mp1&1n&1r.....o... ooooo o ooooooo eouuqoo.3221.5 .of test samPle imersed.......................... = 1399.5 Of COOJ‘BOAQQ. morsea..............._..... oooooo 3 956.7 of Coarse A33. plus Fine-A33. imersed ...... = 1550.5 Of Fine A88. moraedeee'ee'eOeeOtloe ooooooo eeeeooo 3613.8 or cmnt meraweoooooboetooeeoeooo ...... e ooooo = 349.1 Calculations Cement 361 ( 3‘90]. ) = 515.7 3. I. -‘ . Fine A33. 268 T67! 613.8 ) = 982.1 8- Eiarifi Coarse A33. 2.7!. k '7 936.7 ) . 1470.6 3. 5,7,; .. I Total 2969.4 3. Water 3221.5 - 2969.4 262.1 3. Proport ions Water Cement Fine A33 . Coarse A33 . Actual .503 1.00 1.98 1 2.96 calculated 0489 I .00 1089 2.90 999999 “26 Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt. . Wt . Wt. '27 TFSI‘B-MDIA Gwenteeoeoe eeeeee = 500.0 8. Fine A33re3ate.... = 988.3 3. Coarse A88"3833330- 3 1481.2 8' water............. 3 251.5 8. Of test sample 11181.1..on... oooooooooooooooo 0.000. 3221.58. of test sample imersed.. ....... . ..... .... ....... =.- 1895,53. Of COMBO m. mergedOloOOOOOOOOOOIOOO. oooooooo 3 938.68. of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. immersed ..... ...... = 1555.3 3. of Fine A33. imersed............. ........ ....... = 517,73. Of cmnt immersed............................... = 339.2 80 Calculatigns Cement 3.1 ( 339.2 3 = 502.0 3. Fine A33. 2.68 ( 617.7 ) = 988.3 8- 2.58 - I Coarse A33. 2.714. ( 938.6 ) a: 1475.6 3. 2175-31 ' ' Total 2963.9 8- Water 322105 - 2963.9 35706 80 Pz'oport ions Actual Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. .503 1.00 1.98 2.96 Calculated .513 1.00 1.97 2,95 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. ITESTQ -MIX A Cement.... ........ = 500.0 3. Fine A33re3ate.... = 988.8 3. Coarse Assreeaten = 1481.2. 6. Watsr............. =- 251.5 3. ‘of test sample inair. 3221.53. of test sample 1mersed.......................... = 1393.03. of CoarseA33. imarsed.................. ...... = 935.33. of Coarse'A33.‘ plus Fine A33. innersed........... = 1549.7 3. of Fine A33. imersed............................ = 514.33. of Cement imersed............................... = 345.33. Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 346.3 )= 512.53- 37m Fine A33. 2.68 ( 614.4 )= 983.0 8- ‘2'368'7-1 Coarse A33. 2.7% ( 935.3 )= 1468.4 8- 5777771 Total 2963.9 3. Water 3221.5 - 2963.9 257.6 Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .503 1.00 1.98 2.96 Calculated , 495 1 . 06 1 . 92 2&7 28 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TESTIO -MD[ A Cement............ = 500.0 3. Fine A33re33te.... = 988.8 3. {Coarse A33re3ate.. = 1481.2 3. water............. = 251.5 8- of test saluple in air. a. 3221.5 3. of test sample imersed.......................... = 1393.7 3. of CoarseA33. imersed..-.................. ...... = 933.0 3. of Coars'e A33. plus Fine A33. imsr‘sed........... = 1553.5 3. of Fine A33. imarsed............ ......... ....... = 615.58- Of (3611191113 meadooooeoeooooooeoeeeoo-ceoeoooooeo = 340.2 80 Calculations Cement " 3-1 (" 340.2 ) = 503.5 8- m, - Fine A33. 2.68 _. ( 615.5 )= 984.8 g. 2.68 - I Coarse A33. 2.734» ( 938.0 ) = 1472.7 3. 2171771 —'—""' Total 2961.0 3. Water 3221.5 - 2961.0 260.3 3. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual 0503 1000 1.98 2.95 calculated 0 517 1 000 1 096 2 e 92. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TESTI -MIXB Omentoeooooeoeeoo = 500.0 80 Fine A33re3ate.... = 884.8 3. Coarse A39e3ate” = 1265.6 3. Water.....n...... 3 246.9 8 Of teat mple in 311.00.000.90000.000.000.0000000 . 2897.3 8. oftestsample1mersed................. ..... one. = 1698.6 80 Of COflJ‘Be Awe immerfled.......................... = 805.1 80 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1351.7 3. Of Finemo morfied............... ...... 0000000 :3 546.6 8. Of cmnt mergedoo‘iveteleoeeeeoeoooo ooooo o ..... :- 34609 8. Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 346.9 ) = 51304 8. 3,I .- I Fine A33. 2.68 ( 546.6 )-.- 834.6 3. 2:58: -' ‘I ' Coarse A88. 2.7“r ( 805.1 ) s 126400 8. 2.:7E.- I ' Total 2652.0 3. Water 2897.3 - 2652.0 245.3 8. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1.77 2.53 Calculated _.478 31.00 1.70 2.46 so Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt . Wt. 31 TETZ -MIX B CCBOXIt............ 8 500.0 8. Fine A33re3ate.... a 884.8 3. Coarse Agg-egate” 8 1265.6 3. V3t81‘............. a 246.9 8. 0f taflt sample 1n811'..........._................. . 2897.3 8. or test Sample mused.... ooooo 00000000000000... 3 1693.4 8. Of curse A88. immersed.................... ccccc o 3 799.1 80 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1349.3 3. Of F1118 A88. merfled.............. ooooooo 0000.90 3 550.280 Of cmnt immersed............................... = 344.3 8. Calculations Cement 5.1 ( 344.3 ) a: 510 0 3. . - . Fine A33. 2.68 ( 55002 ) :.- 88003 8. 2. - Coarse A33. 2.71} ( 799.1 ) .. 1254.6 8, 5771771 ____._. Total 2644-9 3. Water ' 289703 ‘ 264‘09 25204 80 Proportions Water Cement FinegA33. #03»... A33. WM} .494 1.00 1.77 2.53 Calculated .495 1.00 1.73 2.44 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. m3 cmentoelooqto Fine A33re3ate. . . . Coarse A33re3ate.. "at”ODOOOOIOODOOO ..sz B =3 500.0 3. = 884.8 80 = 1265.6 8. a 246.9 3. Of test sample 1n~81r............................ . 2897.3 8. of test sample imcrsed.......................... = 1696. 53. Of curse A“. WeedUOQOOeOoooo-ooaoogoo ..... o 3 800.7 80 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1352.8 3. Of Fine A889 merfled............................ = 552.1 8. Of CHEST“. merfied............................... = 343.7 80 Calculations Cement 5.1 ( 343.7 )3 5080? So Fine A33. 2.68 ( 552.1 )= 883.4 3. Coarse A33. 2.714 ( 800.7 ) 3 1357.1 8- . ' Total 254902 3. Water 2897.3 - 2649.2 248.1 g. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1.77 2.53 Calculated .489 1.00 1.74 2.47 5:“er 'm-‘fi‘mf , u - ‘— --_§.-. u.-~—._._- Wt. wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. .TEST4 -MD[B Canent............'= 500.0 3. Fine A33re3ate.... = 884.8 3. Coarse 389°83’00" = 1265.6 8o wat”....d........ a 246.9 8' Of test sample in Biron........................... .2897.3 of test sainple imersed.......................... =1594.4 Of curse A88. merged00000000000000000000 ccccc 0 3800.3 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... =1350.7 of Fine A33 .1mersed............... ....... ....... = 550.4 0f cmnt marsea............................... 3 343.7 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 343.7 ) = 508.7 80 TIT-'1 Fine A33. 2.68 ‘( 550.4 ).—. 880.6 3. 2.68 - 1 Coarse A33. 2.7h ( 800.3 ) = 1256.5 3. 2.75 - 1 Total 2 64 5.8 8 - Water 2897.3 - 2645.8 251.5 Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1.77 1 2.53 Calculated . 494 1 .00 1 .73 2.47 999999 TET 5 -MD(B Cment.... ..... .5. = 500.0 8- Fine A33regate.... = 884.8 8- Coarse A3g-e3ate” = 1265.6 3. W8t81‘............. 3 246.9 8' wt. Of teat ample1nSirocco...0.0000000000000000.... 2897.3 8. Wt. of test sample innersed...“..................... = 1692.8 3. Wt. of Coarse A33. immersed.......................... = 798.9 3. Wt. of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imnersed........... = 1349.9 3. Wt. Of F1118 A880 morBOd..........o................. = 551.0 80 Wt. of Cement immersed.................. ....... . ..... = 342.9 3. Calculations Cement 5.1 ( 342.9 ) a 507.5 3. m - Fine A33. 2.68 ( 551.0 ) = 881.6 3. 2.58 - 1 Coarse A33. 2.7h ( 798.9 ) = 1254.3 3. 2.75 - I Total 2643.4 3. Water 2897.3 . 2643.4 253.9 Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1.77 2.55 Calculated .500 1.00 1.74 2.47 Ht. Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt . Wt. TEST 6-MIXB oment005090oraeeg= 500.0 8. Fine A33re3ate.... =. 884.8 3. Coarse Aggregate.- = 1265.6 8. watwOOOOOOOOO'IIO = 246.9 80 Of test sample inaj-roeoeoeeeooe oooooooooooo 000.0. 2897.3 of test sample Mersed....... ..... 00090000000000 = 1695.5 Of COBJ‘BOABQ. musedeeogoeooeoeooeeeeooo ooooo o 3 800.8 or Coarse A88. plus F1116 A“. mead.......o... = 1353.5 of Fine A33. 1mersed.....,........ ....... = 553.5 or Gwent werewoeeoeqeoepoooeeooe ooooooooooooo = 342.0 Calcglations Cement 3-1 ( 342.0 ) = 506.2 8° Fine A33. 2.68 ( 553.3 ) = 885.5 s- 2. - Coarse A33. 2.74 ( 800.2 )= 1256.3 e- 2.75 - I T0138]. 2647.8 8- Water 2897.3 - 2647.8 249.5 8. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1,77 2.55 Calculated .495 1.00 1.75 2.48 fi mmmeee ‘55 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TEST? -MIXB cment............ a 500.0 80 Fine A33re38te.... = 884.8 3. Coarse Agge3aten =- 1265.6 3. water............. a 246.9 8. of test sample in air... 3 2897.3 3. of test sample imersed.. 1697.0 3. Of COBJ‘BO A884 maw.................. ooooooo e 3 800.380 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1350.5 3. OfFinBAgg. mereed.............. ooooooo oeoeeee = 550.2 8. of Cement immersed = 346.5 3. Calculations Cement 3.1 - ( 346.5 ) = 512.8 8. . m _ .- Fine A88. 2.68 ( 550.2 ) = 880.3 8. 2.68 - I ‘ Coarse A33. 2.717 ( 800.3 ) = 1256.5 3. 5.75 - I Total 2649.6 3. Water 2897.3 - 2649.6 247.? 3. Prgortions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1.77 2.55 Calculated .483 1.00 1.72 2.45 " 56 TESTS -MIXB Canent. ....... .... = 500.0 8- . Fine A33re3ate.... = 884.8 3. Coarse A33regate.. = 1265.6 3. ”at”............. a 246.9 8- .of test sample inair............ ........... 02897.3 0 or test ample musedOOOOOOOOOOOOOOUOOOQOOOOIOU 8 1694.7 . of Coarse A33. imersed.................. ....... . = 800.1 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. immersed ...... ..... = 1350.8 0 Of F1118 A880 merged... ..... a oooooooooooo 000.00. = 550.7 0 Of cmnt Weed.......... ccccc so. 0000000000000 = 343.9 Calculations Cement 5.1 ( 343.9 ) = 509.0 3. m, - Fine A33. 2.68 ( 550.7 ) = 881.1 3. 2.68 - 1 Coarse A33. 2171+ ( 800.1 ) a. 1256.2 3. Total 2646.3 3. Water 2897.3 " 2646.3 25100 g. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .494 1.00 1.77 2.53 Calculated .493 1.00 1.73 2.47 999999 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TEST9 -MIXB mCement....-........ = 500.0 3. Fine A33re3ate.... = 884.8 3. Coarse A39e3ateu = 1265.6 3. Watszr............. a 246.9 3. of test suple in air .- 2897.3 3. of test sample imersed... ...... .......... ....... = 1694.6 3. of CoarseA33. immersed................... ...... . = 799.7 3. of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. immersed........... = 1350.4 3. of Fine A33. imersed... ..... . ............. = 550.7 3. of Cement imersed.................. ............. = 344,23. Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 344.2 ) = 509.4 8- 3111 Fine A33. 2.68 ( 550.7 ) = 881.1 8- ~ 2.58 - 1 Coarse A33. ' 2.714 ( 799.7 ) = 1255.5 3. 2.71; - 1 w“; Total 2646.0 3. Water 2897.3 ‘ 2646.0 251.3 g. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual _ .494 1.00 1.77 2.53 Calculated .493 1.00 1.73 2.46 TEST 10 - MIX B canent............ '3 500.0 8 Fine A33re3ate.... = 884.8 3. Coarse A33regate.. = 1265.6 3. u N .b O) e ‘0 m watwOOQOOCOOOIOIO sWt. softest sample in air... 3 2897.5 Wt. of test sample immersed................'.......... = 1691.5 Wt..of CoarseA33.'Mwsed.................. ....... . =- 797.9 Wt. of Coarse A33.,rplus Fine A33. imersed ..... ...... = 1350.5 Wt. of Fine A33. imersed.............. ....... = 552.6 Wt. of Cement imersed.................. ............. = 341.0 Calculations Cement 33.1 ( 341.0 ) = 504.7 3. Fine A33. 2 2.68 ( 552.6 ) = 884.2 3. Coarse A33. 2.714 , ( 797.9 ) = 1252.7 3. 27777—1 ...—.... '- Total 2641.6 3. water 2997.3 - 264l.6"255.7 g. Prgportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. *- Actual .494 1.00 1.77 2.53 Calculated .504 1.00 13.75 2.49 079999 ‘39 Wt. Wt.-. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TESTl-MIXC omente,eeeeoeeeeee = 700.0 80 Fine A33re3ate.... = 1033.2 3. COG-1‘99 389°88‘59” 3 1382.5 So watweeeoeeeeeoeee 3 339.3 8. of test sample in air........... ..... ............ :- 3450.0 of test sample imersed....... ..... ............-. = 1995.1 Of cwse A88.‘1me1‘80d._......................... 3 874.7 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1515.1 Of F1118 A88. meraedeeeeeoeeeeeeee eeeeeee case... = 641.4 or Gallant mafia............,................... = 479.0 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 479.0 ) = 708.9 8' 3171 Fine A33. 2.68 ( 641.4 )= 1036.2 8- 2".‘68'TI ‘ Coarse A33. 2.714 ( 874.7 ) 8 1373.3 8- 2.713 - 1 Total 3108.4 8- Water 33460.0 - 3108.4 341.6 80 Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse Agg. Aetual o 485 1 e 00 1 0,48 1 o 98 calculated .482 1 000 1045 1094 @9999 " 40 . . 41 Canent............ =. 700.0 3 -F1neAesreeate..-..: 1038.2 so Coarse Aggegate” :3 1332.5 3. watwooooeoooooooo = 539.3 8 Wt.'of test sample 1na1r..... ............ ..-......... :- 3450.0 3. Wt. of test sample immersed...”..................... = 2005.5 3. Wt. of Coarse A33..1mersed.'.................. ...... . a 881.4 3. . Wt. of Coarse A33.. plus Fine A33. immersed ......... .. = 1529.4 3. Wt. of F1neA33. 1mersed.............. ....... = 648.0 3. wt. Of cmnt meraweooeoo90090000000000.0000ooooo‘o = 476.1 80 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 476.1 )= 704.6 3. ;.l1 - I Fine A33. 2.68 ( 648.0 ) = 1036.8 3. 2.68 - I Coarse A33. 2.71: ( 881.4 ) = 1383.8 3. TOtfll 3125.2 8. water 3450.0 - 5125.2 554.3 Proportions Water Cment ‘Flne A88: Coarse A33. Actual .485 1.00 1.48 1 1.98 Calculated .475 1.00 3,47 1.96 Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt . Wt. Wt. TESTS ~MIXC Canent............ = 700.0 3. Fine A33re3ate.... = 1033.2 3. Coarse Aggregate” :3 1382.5 3. wataoooooooooeooo 3 339.3 80 Of test mplemaironooooooo oooooooooooooo ......346000 of test sample imersed. = 2000.3 Of course A“. mergedorcovoooooooooooe. ....... o 3 873.9 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. immersed........ . = 1515.0 Of Fine A88. morsedooeoooooooiO°O°'°'°"'°"°" = 642.1 or oment mergedoodeoo.00000000000 °°°°°°°° " = 484.8 Calculations Cement 5.1 ( 484.3 ) = 717.5 so fir—'1, - Fine A33. 2.68 ( 542.1 ) = 1027.4 8- m ".1 1 Coarse A33. 2.7“ ( 873.9 ) =1.an 8- 2.713 - I TOtal 311609 3' Water 3460.0 - 3116.9 343.1 3. Proportions Water Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. Actual .485 1.00 1.48 1.98 Calculated . 473 1 .00 1 .43 1 . 91 " 42 Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. TEBT4 -MIXC Cement............ = 700.0 3. Fine Aggregate”... = 1038.2 3. Coarse M99959” = 1382.5 8o watm‘ooooooooooooo a 359.3 8- of test sample 1neir..... ..... . .......... ...”... 3450.0 3. of test sample 1mersed....................., ..... = 2001.4 8. Of COG-1‘88 A88. merfied...oooogo................. 3 874.2 80 of Coarse Agg. plus Fine Agg. immersed ..... ...... = 1522.5 3. of Fine A33. 1mersed... ..... ...... ....... = 543.3 g. Ofcment meraed......................... so... = 478.9 8. Cslcplations Cement 3.1 ( 478.9 )= 708.8 8. m, - Fine Agg. 2.68 ( 648.8 ) = 10:57.3 8- 2. - Coarse Agg. 2.714 ( 874.2 ) = 1372.5 8- 2.75 - I Total 3118.6 8- Water 346000 " 311806 34104 g. Proportions Water Cement Fine Agg. Coarse A33. Actual .485 1.00 1.48 1.98 “hum“ .482 1.00 1.46 3;.94 Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt . Wt. Wt. TEST5-MIXC -Canent............ = 1700.0 3. ~Fine.Aggregate...fi. = 1038.2 3. Coarse Asa-agate” -‘.-. 1382.5 3. "atm‘oooooooooloo- = 339.5 80 of test sample in air...” ..... . ............ ..... 1- 3460.0 3. of test seapledmersed... ...... .......... ....... = 1997.1 8. of Coarse A33.‘mersed..~........................ a 875.6 g. of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed........... = 1518.1 3. of Fine Agg. imersed.............. ....... = 644.5 3. Of cmnt merfied.....-.......................... = ‘7900 80 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 479.0 )= 708.9 g. m, - F1116 A88. 2.68 ( 644.5 ) = 103102 8. 2.68 - I Coarse A83. 2.71} ( 873.6 ) = 1371.6 3. 5.75 - I Total 3111.? 8. Water 3460.0 - 3111.7 348.3 g. Progortions Water Cement Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. Actual .485 1.00 1.48 1.98 Calculated . 481 1 .00 1.45 1.93 Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt .. Wt. TEST 6»..- MD! C Cement ..... = 700,0 3. Fine Aggregate.... = 1038.2 3. .Coerse Aggregate” = 1382.5 3. Water............. 3 339.3 8. of test sample in air............... ........ ..... .- 3450.0 3. or test mple Meade-0.900.000.0000... ooooo o. 3 2000.‘ 8- of Coarse Agg. .immersed-.................... = 377..7 g. of Coarse Agg. plus Fine Agg. imersed........... a 1523.? g. of Fine A35. imersed............................ = 545.0 3. 01’0th meraed...........-.................... = 476.7 8. Calculations Cement 3.1 -( 476.7 ) = 705.5 s- 3‘I—I, - Fine Agg. 2.68 ( 646.0 ) = 1033.6 8° 2.58 - I Coarse A33. 2.715 ( 877.7 ) = 137830 8- 2.75 - I Total 5117.]. 8- Water 3460.0 - 3117.1 342.9 g. Proportions Water Cment- Fine A33. Coarse Agg. Actual .485 1.00 ‘ 1.48 1.98 Calculated t 486 1 0 0° 1 o 47 1.95 Wt . Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. of test suple of test sample of Coarse A33. of Coarse Agg. TEST 7 omentOOOCIO'WOO§O Fine Aggregate. . . . Coarse Age-agate” watwOQOOOOOOOOOIO plus Fine Agg. imersed........... imersed......... ~MEC M H "II in 311.60coo-.0000000000000000 ......Q’d... 700.0 8o 1038.2 8- 1382.5 8’ 339.3 8- "H! ' 5450.0 000.. = 1999.4 mascot.on...{0.0000000060000"‘° :8 87‘.5 1517.2 0f F1118 A880 mused...0100000000000...'°0°'°.'9 2 642.7 Of cmnt immersed......u...............t......... = 482.2 Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 482.2 )= 713.7 g- m - Fine Agg. 2.68 ( 642.7 )=1028.3 s- 2. - Coarse A33. 2.7!. ( 874.5 ~) =1373.o 8- 2.7 - ' Total 3115.0 8- Water 345000 - 3115.0 345.0 Proportions Water Cement nee Aggf Coarse A33. 4 Actual .485 1.00 1.48 ‘ 1.98 Calculated .483 1.00 1,44 1.92 " 46 a q- -n ' ..- g 1 ' I- f . f. q. a a . ‘- .05 o.— . -- ., o I. .u . a I \- u u n " ' .. 5 I " r n. ,, O o I. -- . u . . p .~u o 0‘ * (a ‘ ‘ta . u Wt . Wt. Wt . Wt . Wt. Wt. TEST. 8 - MIX C Cement.............. = 700.0 3. Fine A33regate..... = ' 1038.2 3. Coarse Mgr-agate” = 1382.5 3. Water............... a 339.3 80 of test sample in air.......... ..... . ........ q 34360.0 3. of test sample imersed.................~......... = 1999.7 3. Of CWBOMo immersed...............-............= 873.7 80 of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. imersed.....'...... = 1524.4 3. of Fine A33. imersed,....... ......... .. . .. = 550-73. 0f COMBINE marsea....u.,................... ooooo = 475.380 Calculations Cement 5.]: ( 47503 ) = 7030‘ 8. Fine A88. 2068 ( 650.7 ) = 1041.0 8. 2.58 - I Coarse A33. 2.7714 ( 873.7 ) 3 1371.7 3, m7 - “""""'" . T0138]. 311601 ,8. Water _ 3460.0 - 3116.1 343.9 Proportions Water + Cement Fine A33. Coarse A33. 0810““9‘1 .489 1.00 1.48 1.95 47 Q . I.“ ' 4 c ‘ ‘, _ ‘ ' \ O. ‘ . . _. . U n . | u - . - 5 o , . . . . . O . Orr]. .. pa _, . . v Q uni u ’ . ‘. .' .- ' .l . o '- ' ._ -. ‘ I '5-“ ' I O. .l; ‘_' o . | . o - 1 . D ‘ . I .‘3 .' ' ‘ a... - .~ . o“ O ... a t. ' . - . ,_-‘ --. . I Q I - .1 . - . . . I 4 l . . d o p v - 0 a J . . .. . '1 .‘ l . i ‘ '. ' . ..- - . - ‘ . - I a. . I. ' ... a n v . . ..a. o . . " ...... '_ b 4‘ . ' I .‘ '. 0. . . _ u - I s Q n . ‘ - i . l 1 ~ 2' . _ ‘- \ \ o o r ‘ _r l . ... I n 4 . ‘ " ': t; ‘ a -4. o. “-“'..~"‘. I . - ‘ . . . . . r‘ r . I ‘ I ‘ 4 l ~£. . . . ' .. ‘ ‘ . ' - . -- ' " '. 7 ‘ '. e 't u. _ ‘--o.. I. . .I .. . l D Q ‘ u . r.” . ‘ . D ‘ - ‘ . - 1 - I D 9 ‘ ~ \ - :' . O ‘ . ' . . .... I ' " b- . ., o ‘ . i ' _ . ' . .‘I.- ' _ ‘w ' . 4'. . a -I .Q-. a J.. . . ‘- ““—a.. . - , \ . , ‘ . ' i . ..,“.‘ ,1 I ..- . I . ... Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. Wt. mere-mo cmntOOOOOOOOOOOO 3 700.0 80 Fine WeatOecee 3 1038.2 80 owes 383688158. 0 3 1382.5 8' Watw.......n.... a 339.3 80 Of test sample in311'............................ ‘. 3460.08. of test sample Manet......................... = 2000.53. Of cwae A880 maraed...,...................... a 876.08. of Coarse A33. plus Fine A33. inersed........... = 1520.73. Of F1118 A88! mused”.......g.................... 3 644.78. or cmnt mafia........,.....o...-..........-... 3 479.88. Calculations Cement 3.1 ( 479.8 ) = 710.1 3. Fine A33. 2.68 ( 644.7 ) = 1031.5 3. 2.68 .. 1 Coarse A33, 2.7% ( 876.0 )- 1375.3 3. 5.713 . 1 Total 3116.9 8. Water ggofiportlona * Water Cement Fine 1133. Coarse A33. 1 4‘3““ _.485 1.00 1.48 1.98 Lealculsted .453 1.00 . 1,45 1.94 ‘48 MID-M110 cmmdoooeteeeooe, = 700.0 8- Fine Aggregate.... = 1038.2 3. Coarse 383983150” ' 1382.5 8'. “at”............. 3 339.3 8- wte Of teat 3831110 1n311‘"...“...................... ' 3460.0 8. Wt. or test sample msaa.......................... 3 2000.4 80 Wt. of Coarse A33. morsed.......................... a 878.0 3. Wt. 01’ Coarse A33. plus Fine £33. tuners“........... = 1528.5 3. Wt. of Fine A33. 1mmed.....fl....................... s 550.5 3. "to or CM“: W8“.......Je...................... 3 471.9 3' Calculatgons Cement 3.1 ( 471.9 )3 698.4 8- ;.l -I F1neA33. 2.68 ( 650.5 ) = 1040.8 3. 5768—7! _ Coarse A33. 2.74 (878.0 ) - 1378.5 3. 17'; .. 1 Total 3117.? 3. Water 3460.0 - 3117.7 342.3 Pr0portions } Water _ Cement Fine A33. fiC'oarse A33. 1 } - - 1 r . 1 Actual .4185 1.00 1.48 A 1.98 ‘ 09101119”? .490 1.00 1.49 _ 1.97 .tx. (Q CONCLUSION It might be well to first analyze the error discovered in these tests. I will first consider the percent error in the w/c ratio for the various batches. In Batch A the greatest error was 2.8% with an average of 1.7%. It is also interesting to note whether their variation was over or under the true w/c ratio. In this particular batch there was an average deviation of 0.12 gal under the true ration in gallons per sack of cem- ent. The average deviation over the true ratio was 6.09 gal. In batch B the greatest error encountered was 2.9% with an average error of 1.8%. The average deviation under the true w/c ratio was found to be 0.06 gal and over the true ratio 0.05 gal. In Batch C the greatest percent error was 2.0% with an average error of 0.8%. The average deviation under the true w/c ratio was 0.08 gal and over this ratio was 0.03 gal per bag of cement. I might try to account for this error. Since the weighings were only carried out with accuracy to 0.5 gm you cannot ex- pect the w/c ratio to check to the nearest 0.05 gm. Perhaps the real cause for this error is due to neglecting the diff- erence of percent cement retained and the percent sand pass- ing the No. 100 sieve. Since the difference was only 0.18% it was not considered in the analysis of fresh concrete. I suppose a portion of the error might be attributed to this fact. If a correction was used for this difference it would, 31 in calculating the dry weights, decrease the value obtained for the weight of the cement. This would, in turn, increase the value for the amount of fine aggregate calculated. The amount of water, which is the value obtained by subtracting the sum of the calculated dry weights from the weight of the total sample, would be approximately the same as found in the tests due to a cancelling effect of the decrease in cem- ent and increase in the fine aggregate having on the sum of the calculated dry weights. Even though the amount of water would remain the same the cement is increased:and this would increase the w/c ratio.It should be noted in the error en- countered in the actual test results for this ratio, most of the test values were below the true w/c ratio; therefore if a corredtion were applied it would bring the calculated ratios closer to the true ratios. Now the error in coarse and fine aggregates will be con- sidered. In Batch A the greatest deviation from the true prOportions are in the fine aggregate 0.09 with an average of 0.05. For the coarse aggregate the greatest deviation was 0.12, its average being 0.07. In Batch B the greatest deviation for the fine aggregate was 0.07 with an average of 0.04. For the coarse aggregate the greatese deviation from the true preportions was0.09 with an average of 0.02. In Batch C the greatese deviation was 0.08 for the fine, its average being 0.02. In the case of the coarse aggregate the greatest deviation from the true prOportion was 0.07 and the average was 0.04. (31 m It is interesting to note that for all three batches the deviations from the true prOportions are all in the same direction. They are all less than the true proportions. I shall try to account for this fact in the fine aggregate lay referring back to the w/c ratio. It was found there that upon washing a sample batch more fine aggregate passes the No. 100 sieve than there is cement retained. There is a diff- erence of 0.16% which wpuld increase the amount of the fine aggregate. This in turn would increase the calculated pro- portion of fine aggregate and perhaps bring it closer to its true prOportion. Because of this same difference of 0.16% ‘ the amount of cement being decreased would also bring the proportions of fine argregate closer to its true value. In the case of the coarse aggregate this decrease in cement content would increase the proportion of coarse aggregate; thus bringing it closer to its true proportions. Perhaps some of the error can be laid to the Specific gravity of the coarse aggregate. From the tests in its determination the unusally large values should be noted. Although only three tests were entered in this paper, several determinations were run and the results were the same; therefore, I hardly believe any error in the preportion of coarse aggregate can can be due to the wrong determination of its Specific gravity. The water to cement ratio, if calculated to the nearest NH gal. per bag of cement, is accurate enough for nearly all construction Specifications. The results of the series of tests conducted in this paper are well within this allowance (31 (a and presents positive proof that the Dunagan Test To Det- ermine the Constituents of Fresh Concrete can accurately be used in analyzing total batches; therefore, if a represent- ative sample is chosen in the field and this test is run with accuracy the results will be representative of the con- grete analyzed. It is necessary to emphasize the coordination of the tests for specific gravity with the tests £6 determ- ine the constituents of fresh concrete. Also, the difficulty of securing a sample which is representative of all constit- uents, is obvious, however, if through Specifications the net water os tp gpvern the quality of the concrete, this test nicely eliminates a lot of worry about them. If this Dunagan Test were used in the field, it would save time and money in carrying out Specifications. Since the test apparatus is of such size and construction it can be readily used in the field control of concrete. It furnishes an accurate check of the design Specifications for the quality of concrete as well as a check on the method of palcing to prevent segregation. The Dunagan method seems to meet the necessary require- ments for a test of this sort in that: (a) It furnishes accurate and dependable data. (b) The test may be completed rapidly. (c) The apparatus is suitable for field use. ROOM “5‘ 0““ 'fin , 175 ii ‘6 (SITV LX‘BPAFA'} S \ . Wu ‘ ‘1‘ w \wx ‘ w ‘1 l ‘1 1293 05” \ \ ‘ ;| ~|U ||, 3 . HICAN bTATE UNIV TN DI r1 ‘0.