lessFigure 1. Portable lab used in Experiment 1 Table 1. Experiment 1: Demographic & musical experience summary by seed tempo Total NN Note. , Figure 2. Stimulus diagram start . SMTIterationpR2SDSDSDSD Figure 3. Serial reproduction chains in Experiment 1 DriftTempo pR2 drift production perceptualNN MFigure 4. Cohort diagram for Experiment 2 tempoself-pacedtappingserial reproduction (SR)Self-paced tapping tasks. Serial reproduction (SR) tapping task.tap alongobserveGOtap alongLISTEN–GOExperimental session structure.Stimulus construction between participants.Preprocessing of self-paced tapping data.Spontaneous motor tempo (SMT). Fast and slow tempo limits. tnnNSDMMSDTable 2. Experiment 2: Descriptive summary of SMT and tempo limits by condition AuditoryVisual Observe Synchronize Observe Synchronize M SD M SD M SD M SD Note.MSD Figure 5. Serial reproduction by condition in Experiment 2 tptp Table 3. Experiment 2: Drift equations by condition AuditoryVisual Observe Synchronize Observe Synchronize Drift ~ Seed Tempo Slope CI Y X R2 Drift ~ Relative Seed Tempo Slope Y X R2 Note.CIYXDrift (ms) = Slope * Seed Tempo (ms) + Y. Drift (ms) = Slope * Relative Seed Tempo + Y. *pppFigure 6. Relative tempo chains and drift in Experiment 2 Figure 7. Convergence rates and tempi in Experiment 2 observesynchronizeNNMrelativeparticipantSDSDTable 4. Experiment 3: Descriptive summary of SMT and tempo limits by condition Auditory Observe Synchronize M SD M SD M SD M SD Note.MSD Figure 8. Serial reproduction by condition in Experiment 3 tp tptp Table 5. Experiment 3: Drift equations by condition Auditory Observe Synchronize Drift ~ Seed Tempo Slope CI Y X R2 Drift ~ Relative Seed Tempo Slope Y X R2 Note.CIYXDrift (ms) = Slope * Seed Tempo (ms) + Y. Drift (ms) = Slope * Relative Seed Tempo + Y. *pppFigure 9. Relative tempo chains and drift in Experiment 3 p Figure 10. Relative tempo chains and drift by participant in Experiment 3 Figure 11. 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