ABSTRACT A STUDY OF THE DUTIES PERFORIED BY MEDICAL ASSISTANTS by Charles C . Modesitt The Problem The problem was a study of the duties and activities required for effective performance by medical assistants in medical organizations and the nature of the job on which they are employed. The puipose of the study was to provide information of what are the activities of a cleri- cal and semitechnical medical nature which are held by a competent of- fice assistant in a medical organization; to analyze and 31:qur the du— ties and responsibilities of medical assistants for possible improvement of training programs. The general or collective hypothesis of this study was that the activities enumerated on the questionnaire correctly identified the du- ties and responsibilities that physicians' employees perform in medical organizations. Procedure Data were provided for the stat by questionnaire iron 78 medical assistants, members of the Genesee County Medical Assistants Society. Charles C. Modesitt Background data about the respondents and the places of employment were furnished on the first page of the questionnaire. Responses to the 100 objective items in the questionnaire provided information about the du- ties of medical assistants. Analysis was made of the data within each subsection to determine pertinent findings. Fifty-six business-office activities were arranged in ten catego- ries and were examined to determine how many of 78 physicians' anployees performed each activity. Forty-four semitechnical medical activities were classified into five groups and studied to determine how many of 78 employees perfomed each activity. Findings More than one—half of the office employees were employed in one- physician offices and the respondent was the only employee in one—fourth of the offices and held the title of medical assistant. The median num- ber of years of employment by physicians was 5.75 years. Medical assistants performed nearly all business-office activi- ties that are perfomed in physicians' offices and nearly all semitech- nical medical activities performed in most physicians' offices. Personal services were performed to a much greater extent by med- ical assistants in one-physician offices than by those in clinics and hOSpitals. In other words, the larger the medical organization, the less personal contact the medical assistant has with patients. Emplwees of one- or two-physician offices discharged most of the semitechnical medical activities to a greater degree than any other Charles C. Modesitt employees and these anployees had 15 or more years of experience. A sharply reduced percentage of employees in clinics and hospitals per- form accounting and financial duties. Respondents with 12 or more years of experience tended to per- form activities related to doctor's personal business affairs. Conclusions and Recoumendations Medical assistants should be trained at the post-secondary level. Neither the training for nurses nor the training for secretaries or ste- nographers is sufficient for assistants to physicians. Although the major portion of the training for physicians' office employees can be provided in schools, physicians' employees who are expected to perform activities not normally discharged by physicians' employees should be trained to perform such activities on the job rather than in school. Since practically all of the activities of the medical assistant involves some knowledge of medical science, the period of training should emphasize medical terminologr as well as anatomy and physiology. The duration of such a training program should be two or more years and should include a superior general educational foundation. Because the greater share of the training program is of a business nature, it should be administered by the business department of a school, and certain courses may be taken with other students. Preparatory programs should be develOped which take into account the activities performed by medical assistants. Since the position re- quires both business and scientific knowledge and skills, only students Charles C . Modesitt who possess superior capabilities should be admitted to a training pro- gram for medical assistants. Opportunities should be provided for phy- sicians' aides to learn as much as possible about medical law. Further research should be conducted pertaining to both educational programs and job responsibilities for medical assistants . A STUDY OF THE DUTIES PERFORMED BY MEDICAL ASSISTANTS By Charles C. Modesitt A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY College of Education 1966 ACKNOW IEDGMEI‘J TS The-writer wishes to express his appreciation to the members of the guidance committee: Dr. George R. Myers, Dr. Mary Virginia Moore, Dr. Max 5. Smith, and Dr.'William A. Faunce. Appreciation is also expressed to members of the Genesee County Medical.Assistants Society and the Computer Center of Flint Community Junior College for their co-Operation in providing the data for the study. 'Without their assistance this study would have been much more difficult to complete. Thanks are expressed also to Dr. H. Maxwell Golden, M. D., for assistance in compiling the list of business-office and semitechnical medical activities performed.in.physicians' offices by medical assist- ants. Thanks are expressed also to all others who assisted in any way with the study. ii Chapter I. THE PROBLEH . . . Statement of the Problem Delimitations . . Definitions . . . Related Literature . Summary.... TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 O O O O O O C 0000000000000 O ILIETHODSOFPROCEDURE. . . .... . . III . IV. DevelOpment of a Plan for the Study Analysis of the Problem Area . . . . Determination of Sources of Data . . . DevelOpment of Lists of Medical Assistants Construction of Instrument for Collection of Collection of Data . ProcessingofData.............. Treatment of Data BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT MEDICAL ASSISTANTS Types of Offices of Employment . Jab Titles 0 o O O 0 O 0 O O O O 0 0 O O O O 0 O O O O 0 O O LengthofEmployment.................... Personnel Assisting Physicians at Respondents' Places of Employment . Smary O O C C O O O C O O I I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O BUSINESS-OFFICE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN PHYSICIANS' OFFICES . O O O O I O O C O O O O O O I O O O O O O O O O O O Extent to Which Business-Office Activities Were Perfomed O I O O I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Dictation and Transcription Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . Activities Involving the Assanbling and Composing of Written Material Filing Activities iii Page 10 11 19 20 2O 21 . 21 23 23 25 25 27 27 28 29 32 35 38 Chapter IV. VI. ( Continued) Activities Involving the Operation of Office Equipment................... Activities Involving Data Processing Equipment . Accounting and Financial Activities Connected with the Physician's Professional Practice . . . . . Activities Involving the Handling of Supplies . . Activities Involving the Making of Appointments and Reservations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activities Related to the Doctor's Personal BusinessAffairs Miscellaneous Business-Office Activities . . . . . SWW O O O O O O O O O O O O O O C I O O O O O SEMIIIECHNICAL MEDICAL ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN PHYSICIANS'QFFICES................ Extent to Which Semitechnical Medical Activities Were Performed in Physicians' Offices . . . . . Activities Involving the Examination of Patients Activities Involving the Treatment of Patients . . Activities Involving the Care of Supplies and Equipment.................. laboratoryActivities . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous Semitechnical Medical Activities SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS ..... . . SW1? Of Findings 0 O O I O O O O O 0 O O O O O Business-Office Activities . . . . . . . . . . Dictation and transcription activities . . . Activities involving the assembling and composing of written material . . . . . . Filing activities . Operating office equipment . . . .' . . . . Data processing equipment . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and financial activities connected with physician' 3 professional practice . . Activities involving the handling of supplies. Activities involving the making of appointments andreservations............. Activities connected with doctor's personal businessaffairs............. iv Page to 112 M: h6 h? 51 53 SS 59 61 63 65 66 69 70 7h 77 78 78 79 80 81 82 83 83 83 8h Chapter VI . (Continued) Miscellaneous business-office activities Semitechnical Medical Activities Activities involving the examination of patients Activities involving partial or complete treatments of patients . . . Activities involving the care of supplies and equipment . laboratory activities . Conclusions and Observations Miscellaneous semitechnical medical activities Duties of medical assistant diversified . . . Training programs for physicians' Necessity for knowledge of law Additional qualities needed . Part of business offerings Continuing education . . . . Recamnendations . . . . . . BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES . . . . . . employees . O O O C O O Page LIST OF TABLES Table 1. . Activities Involving the Care of Supplies and Equipment Types of Offices in Which Physicians' Employees Worked . . . Titles of Physicians' Employees Who Completed Questionnaires Length of Employment of Respondents as Plvsicians' Employees Dictation and Transcription Activities . . . . . . . . . . . Activities Involving the Assembling and ComposingofWrittenMaterial................ Filing ACtiVitj-es O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O OperationofOfficeEquipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use of Data Processing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and Financial Activities Connected with Physician's Professional Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . ActivitiesRelatedtoSupplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activities Involving the Making of Appointments and Reservations ....................... Activities Related to Doctor's Personal Business Affairs . . Miscellaneous Easiness-Office Activities . . . . . . . . . . Activities Involving the Examination of Patients . . . . . . Activities Involving the Treatment of Patients . . . . . . . hbomt ow Actifities O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 Miscellaneous Medical Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 25 26 27 33 37 39 In 115 148 52 5h 62 6h 67 68 71 LIST OF APPENDICES Questionnaire Sent to Medical Assistants to Obtain Data in Regard to Duties Performed in Medical Organizations . . . . Letter that Accompanied Questionnaires and Explained the Study to Medical Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . ResponsestoQuestionsl-IOO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent). . . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals Classified as Medical Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals Classified as Medical Assistants . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals Not Classified as Medical Assistants . . . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals Not Classified as Medical Assistants . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 as Answered by Individuals Frmaone-PhySiCianOfiice cs eeeee access 0 Responses to Questions l—lOO (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals From a One-Physician Office . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals FromaTwo-PhysicianOffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals From a Two-Physician Office . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals FromaB-hPhysicianOffice ............... Responses to Questions l—lOO (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals Fran a 3-1; Physician Office . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals FI‘oma5-6Physician0ffice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals From a S—6Physician Office . . . . . . . . vii Page 109 116 118 128 138 1148 158 168 178 188 198 208 218 228 238 21:8 U. V. AB. AC. Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals with 0-2 Years of Experience . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals with 0-2 Years of Experience . . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 as Answered by Individuals with 3-5 Years of Experience . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals with 3-5 Years of Experience . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 as Answered by Individuals with 6-8 Years of Experience . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals with 6-8 Years of Experience . . . . . . Responses to Questions l-lOO as Answered by Individuals with 9-11 Years of anaerience , , , . , , Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent) as Answered by Individuals with 9-11 Years of Experience . . . . . . Responses to Questions 1-100 Individuals with 12-11; Years Responses to Questions l-lOO Individuals with 12-114 Years Responses to Questions l-lOO Individuals with 15-17 Years Responses to Questions l-lOO Individuals with 15-17 Years Beeponses to Questions l-lOO Individuals with 18-20 Years Responses to Questions ‘l-lOO Individuals with 18-20 Years as Answered by of Experience . . . . . . (Per Cent) as Answered by of Experience . . . . . . as Answered by of Experience . . . . . . (Per Cent) as Answered by ofExperience . . . . . . as Answered by of Experience . . . . . . (Per CentO as Answered by of Experience . . . . . . viii Page 258 268 278 288 298 308 318 328 338 311.8 358 368 378 388 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Hospital and physicians' services are presently in the greatest danand of all time. This demand has developed as a result of (1) increase in population, (2) tremendous popularity of medical hoSpitaliza- tion plans, (3) extensive specialization by physicians, and (h) medical technological inventions and discoveries which have increased medical services available to the public. As population growth continues, and as medical facilities expand, the need for more personnel will increase.1 Demands for medical care are soaring faster than anyone expected.2 On top of medical care for the aged, starting July 1 - Federal aid for needy sick peeple under age 65 is growing, through eXpanded aid under the Kerr-Mills Act. - Other "Great Society" programs are boosting calls for health service. Schools getting new federal aid seek more nurses. "Poverty war" plans aim to bring preventive medicine to millions of poor families for the first time. Campaigns for pure water, pure air, better drugs, research on maj or ills, health aids to backward nations, all add to pres- sure on American medical resources. 1Fishbein, Morris, "Far-Reaching Changes For Medical Education," Medical World News, Volume 6, Number 20, May 28, 1965, p. 101;. 2"Crisis Now Near In Medical Care?" U. 3. News a World Report, Volume LI, Number 10, March 7, 1966, p. 39. l - In the background, needs of Vietnam war are rising, could sky- rocket if fighting spreads. In an effort to meet the demands for services, physicians have employed registered nurses for their offices, many of whom were previ- ously employed in the hoSpital field. At the turn of the century, for every physician in practice there was one other professional health practitioner. Today the ratio is one physician to four.3 This has created a critical scarcity of registered nurses in our hoSpitals. In 1962, for example, a panel of health experts reported to the United States Surgeon General that the nation should be turning out 53,000 registered nurses a year to meet demands foreseeable in 1970. Four years later, in 1966, only 35,000 nurses are being graduated annu- ally. Dr. Philip D. Bonnet, president oanmerican Health Association, recently stated in Washington: "There are budgeted vacancies in the United States hospitals fer at least 75,000 registered nurses and 25,000 licensed practical nurses."h The American Medical Association contends there is no basic short- age of doctors. It says the answer is to improve the distribution of doctors and raise their individual output by providing more technicians, aides and nurses, plus more clinics, consolidated hospitals in rural 5 areas and more efficient group practices. 3"Physicians For A Growing America," Report of the Surgeon Gener- alis Consultant Group on Medical Education, Public Health Service Publi- .cation No. 709, 1959, p. 65. h"Crisis Now Near In Medical Care?" U. S. News & World Report, Volwme LI, Number 10, March 7, 1966, p. bl. "As Medicare Nears--A Crisis in HOSpital Care?" U. S. News and ‘World.Report, Volume LVIII, Number 11, March 15, 1965, p. 52. This shortage of registered nurses has caused hospital adminis- trators to change the organization and assignment of registered nurses' duties. In the past, in addition to their clinical duties, nurses were responsible for a number of office and clerical functions. Today, most hOSpital administrators, in an effort to alleviate the shortage of reg- istered nurses, have employed assistants to handle all nonclinical du- ties which enable nurses and other professional medical personnel to perform clinical and supervisory duties. An efficient medical aide can perform many routine duties and allow a physician to care for more pa- tients. Realizing this, more and.more physicians and medical organiza- tions are employing office aides. The work of from two to five technicians may be required before a physician who Specializes in internal medicine can diagnose the malady of his patient.6 Dr.|Harvoy I. Scudder, chief of the health-manpower division of the Public Health Service, guesses that, by 1970, the United States will need 172,000 skilled.medical technologists to Operate the new wave of modern scientific equipment now coming into hOSpitals. There are only 38,000 people in the country qualified to do this work today.7 In addition to helping lessen the load of overburdened profes- sional people, an expanded cadre of subprofessionals could provide expe- rience for young college graduates and ease their way into the skilled job world. It could also be an answer to the problem of the trained 6Harris, Norman, Technical Education in the Junior College/ New Programs for New Jobs, A Project of the Curriculum Commission of the American Association of Junior Colleges, Washington, D. C., 1961;, p. 29. 7"Crisis Now Near In Medical Care?" loc. cit. older woman who had drapped out of the work force and wants to return now that she has raised her family. At the same time, it would help alleviate our growing shortage of skilled workers. we are the first nation in the history of the world to deveIOp a "service economy."u8 More of our employed population is involved in services-medical care, law, education, government, finance, trade, and maintenance and repair-than in the production of tangible goods such as food, clothing, houses, and cars. The deviation toward a service econo- my was pointed up the the h5th annual report of the National Bureau of Economic Research. The report, prepared under the direction of Dr. Victor R. Fuchs, a notedeconomist, helps to bring the historic trend toward a service economy into focus.9 In 1929 the number of Americans employed in the production of goods tOpped the number employed in the production of services by'a towering 27.5 million to 18.6 million. By 1963 the picture was strikingly upside-down-dwith the number employed in services towering over the number employed in the production of goods by 37.9 million to 31.h million. All of the net growth of employment in the U. S. in the postwar period has occurred in services. A dramatic illustration is that just the rise of employ- ment in education between 1950 and 1960 was greater than total employment in the entire primary metal industries in any given year in the same period. As Fuchs remarks, "Output in services cannot be stored," and thus there are not the violent swings in inventory investment which occur in goods. Demand remains constant for'many services despite business upturns and downturns. In fact, for services such as medical care, welfare, and education, demand continues to increase. 8Porter, Sylvia, "The Economic Outlook," Medical World News, Volume 6, Number 27, July 23, 1965, p. 63. 9 Fuchs, Victor R., "Some Implications of the Growing Importance of the Service Industries," Forty-fifth Annual Report, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, June 1965, pp. 5-16? Our shift to a service economy, says Fuchs, is similar in some respects to the earlier great economic changes-fro fihunting and fishing to agriculture and then from agriculture and crafts to industry. we are riding the tide of a new economic revolution, with implications we are just starting to grasp. This personnel reorganization has created the new position of medical assistant. Among the types of medical assistants are: the hospital or medical secretary, the practical nurse, the laboratory tech- nician and a host of others. These new occupations are the direct result of attempts to meet the shortage of professional medical workers. These medica1.assistants are found in practically every part of a hos- pital: the admitting office, the hOSpital wards, the laboratories, the medical record library, the clinics, and other departments. Need for trained assistance. Doctors have also needed assistance in the conduct of their practice. In.many cases, it was the practition- ers"wives who made appointments for them, assisted with office emer- gencies, greeted patients and handled business details. As physicians' responsibilities became more complex, it became necessary to hire per- sonnel to take charge of their offices. Formerly, many physicians be- lieved that any intelligent girl could perform the necessary duties efficiently. Today, most physicians recognize the need for medical aides specifically trained to meet their needs. Only those who are directly concerned with the practice of medi- cine, however, realize how the socia1.and economic trends of the past two decades have revolutionized the management of a doctor's office. The modern doctor requires a trained office assistant to efficiently handle the myriad of details brought about by our tax structure, the expansion of health insurance, public assistance programs and the busi- ness records required by government agencies. A minimum of seven.years of expensive post-high—school training is required for a person to become a doctor of medicine. By delegating to assistants the activities that are relatively easy to learn, a phy- sician may make maximum use of his highly technical training by seeing more patients and devoting his working time to the more complicated aspects of his profession. Most doctors, for example, are reluctant to spend time and energy on the practical aspects of running the office. Bill payments and col- lections, the mechanics of a smoothly functioning appointment schedule, utilization of office Space-all are subjects that most doctors either ignore or.have no inclination to handle.11 Study the_past to understand the future. Physicians have employed a number of assistants, especially the medical assistant and the labora- tory technician, to perform many extraneous office and.medical duties previously performed by him. This delegation of duties has enabled the physician to increase his medical practice by concentrating more fully on the consequential and significant aSpects oflnedicine. These medical assistants are also sought by industry, medical publishing houses, hos- pital service organizations, and insurance companies as well as by hos- pitals and physicians. 1'OKinn, Mary, "Today's Medical Assistant." Reprinted from the April, 1960 issue, The Bulletin, American Association of Medical Assist- ants, 510 North Dearborn Street, Chicago 10, Illinois. 11Todayls Secretary, Volume 67, Number 8, April, 1965, p. 65. The medical assistant is a relative newcomer to the list of spe- cializations in the field of business training. Marie Zweegman Yatesle expresses this thought (training of'medical assistants is considered a new endeavor) as follows: 'Where formerly a little knowledge of shorthand and typing fulfilled the requirements of the position, it has only been within the past two decades that highly skilled performance, resulting from specific ability, definite qualifications, and specialized training in the many fac- ets of medical secretarial work has been recognized as essential. Demand for well-trained.medical assistants has grown rapidly and Oppor- tunities are now almost unlimited. Medical care is so much more com- plex, so much more SOphisticated nowadays.13 The services of qualified medical assistants are needed not only in doctors' offices but also in hoSpitals, health departments, foundations, insurance companies, medical publishers, medical supply houses, and many others. The activities in a physician's office that the physician may delegate seem to fall into two major categories: (1) those of a semi- technical nature and (2) those of a business-office nature. The semi- technical.medical activities may be delegated to semitechnical medical personnel such as nurses, medical assistants, and/or laboratory techni- cians. The business office activities may be delegated to clerical personnel. In some offices, a person who is primarily a clerical worker may perform activities of a semitechnical medical nature as well as those of a business-office nature. In short, complete agreement does 12Yates, Marie Zweegman, "The Contributions of the Medical Secretary," The Balance Sheet, Volume 37, January, 1956, p. 209. 13Vestal, Bud, "Doctor Gives His View of Blue Cross; Fears New 'Restraints' Under Medicare," The Flint Journal, Flint, Michigan, October 2, 1965, p. h. not exist in regard to what medical activities, if any, should be per- formed by clerical workers and the extent to which physicians' employees should be responsible for the business-office activities in.a medical organization. A wide difference of Opinion exists in regard to the kind and amount of training that schools should give to students who plan to obtain positions in.physioians' offices. Approximately 160 colleges indicated in A Guide to Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools in the United States1h that they offered medical secretarial trainhng. However, there is no reference in the catalogues of some of these col- leges to medical assistants' training; there are references to general secretarial training only. The catalogues of other colleges listed in the Ogid§_as having a medical assistants' training program contained complete descriptions of the training that is offered for general sec- retaries and only incidental mention of training for physicians' assist- ants. Until recently hOSpitals alone were training medical assistants in an effort to help alleviate the critical shortage of professional personnel. Many colleges, junior colleges, and specialized schools are now offering this specialized training to meet the demands of the med- ical profession. Statement of the Problem The problem was a study of the duties and activities required for thood, Carter Victor, editor, A Guide to Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools in the United States, American Council on Educa- tion, Washington, D. c., 19115. 9 effective perfomance by office assistants in medical organizations and the nature of the job on which they are employed. The purpose of the study was to provide information to the ques- tion of what are the activities of a clerical nature and semitechnical medical nature which are held by a competent medical assistant in a med- ical organization; to analyze and study the duties and responsibilities of medical assistants for possible improvement of training programs. The general or collective hypothesis of this stucbr, then, was that the activities which comprised the several categories on the research instru- ment correctly identify the duties and responsibilities that medical as- sistants perform in medical organizations. A wide difference of Opinion exists in regard to the kind and amount of training that students who plan to obtain medical assistants' positions in physicians' offices should acquire. Inquiries in regard to medical secretarial training often lead to the statement that provision is given in the advanced shorthand courses for specialization in areas such as medical, legal, and so on. Peterson15 explains that the Rochester Junior College in Roch- ester, Hinnesota, trains students for secretarial work only in doctors' offices and other medical institutions because most of the girls who canplete that training are employed by the Mayo Clinic; and secretaries there do not perform sanitechnical medical activities. ”Peterson, Nacmi, "The Medical Secretarial Course at Rochester, Minnesota," The Business Education World, 2221148450, October, November, 19141. 10 Educational institutions are handicapped in the training of stu- dents for office positions in physicians' offices because not all as- pects of such positions are known. ’Iherefore, this study was under- taken to learn more about the current practices of medical assistants and thereby to improve the training of students who plan to obtain office positions in physicians' offices. Delimitations Certain limitations were placed on the scape of this study and on the sources of original data in an effort to obtain data relevant to the solution of the problem. If a mech‘.cal assistant performed simple labo- ratory tests, for example, these activities will be included in the study. Complicated laboratory tests, on the other hand, that are per- formed only by laboratory technologists will not be included. ' After careful consideration, it was concluded that both medical employees and physicians could supply data of higher quality than could be furnished by either alone. This study, however, will be confined to data supplied by medical employees alone. An analysis of the personal qualities involved in the performance of activities of medical assistants was not obtained. Opinions of phy- sicians relative to personal qualities of medical assistants, likewise, were not included in this stucb' . An investigation was not conducted with medical assistantship of very select or highest-quality assistants; this study was of medical as- sistantship as it is engaged in by the more nearly average physician's ll aide—an employee who is career—minded and interested enough to belong to a professional organization of medical assistants but who is not nec- essarily outstandingly competent. The data for this study was limited to information obtained fran the 78 members of the Genesee County Med- ical Assistants Society, Genesee County, Michigan. ' Only full-time employees were counted in determining the number of employees in the respondents' respective offices; part-time employees were disregarded. Findings do not indicate how many peOple in an office performed each activity or the frequency with which an activity was pep formed. No attempt was made to study the general skills and knowledges cannon to all professional positions of similar nature. A depth analysis of technical activities and responsibilities of medical assistants was not pursued in this study, the primary purpose of the analysis being to serve as a basis for the building of courses that may be included in a training program . Definitions In this study it was necessary to use certain terms which might have different meanings; "medical assistant" is an example of such a term. For the purpose of this stuck a "medical assistant” is a person who performs general office work to relieve a doctor of minor executive and important clerical activities and who takes and/ or transcribes dic- tation. She may also perform minor clerical activities and/ or assist with the examination and treatment of patients. The terms physicians' 12 employees, medical secretaries, and other terms for office employees are used synonomously in this study. Definitions for the terms that follow were selected after a study of medical literature, the Dictionary of Occgpational Titles ,16 and Webster's Third New International Dictionag.l7 "Doctor" or "physician" - doctor of medicine. "Clerical or business employee" - a person who devotes the major portion of his working time to clerical or office-managerial activities. "Business-office activities" - activities, both of a routine and management nature, that are engaged in for the purpose of conducting the business affairs of an organization. "Sanitachnical medical activities" - activities related to the examination or treatment of patients that may be performed by persons who are not physicians . "Technical medical activities" - activities related to the exami- nation or treatment of patients that are of such a canplex nature that only a physician performs them. ”Medical words" - those words which pertain to the art and sci- ence of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, preventing, and curing phys- ical and mental diseases. "A medical case history" - a canplete, detailed report of the medical procedures and treatment administered to the patient fran the 16Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 3rd edition, 2 volmnes; Washington, D. 0.: Ufled States Comment Printing Office, 1965. 17Webster's Third New international Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: 3 8: C Merriam Company, 1961—. 13 time of admission to the day of discharge, together with a report of his daily progress. "Technical education" - a term which is generally characterized as technical by the amount of manipulative skill needed in the occupa- tion. Technicians are a group of workers in business, industry, or any of the many service fields, located between the professional and semi- skilled or unskilled workers' groups. Related Literature Articles, pamphlets, brochures, and books have been written about the work of medical assistants or for use by them. Since many of the functions and duties of medical secretaries and medical assistants are similar, reference will be made to those of a secretarial nature which are closely related to this study. Charters and Whitley Study. Charters and Whitleyls conducted a study in 1923 to determine the duties performed by secretaries to busi- nessmen and administrators and to determine the qualities that were con— spicuously present in successful secretaries and conspicuously absent in unsuccessful secretaries. This was a stuchr of the duties of general secretaries, not of medical secretaries. Interviars were held with 125 secretaries for the purpose of can- piling a list of secretarial duties. A check list was mailed to 1,8145 secretaries to determine the frequency of the duties. Approximately h2 18Charter-s, W. W., and Whitley, I. B. , Anilysis of Secretarial Duties and Traits. Baltimore: Iilliams and Wilkins, 19211, 185 . per cent of the check lists were returned and about 39 per cent were used. The second part of the problan was to determine the traits which were conspicuously characteristic of successful secretaries and con- spicuously absent in unsuccessful secretaries and to determine the rela- tive importance of these traits. h guide was used as an aid in interviewing 28 prominent men who were believed to have outstanding secretaries. A composite picture of the employers' judgment was obtained byrmking the traits according to frequency of mention . Johns and Pfefferkorn Study. An activity analysis of nursing was made by Johns and Pfefferkornl9 to answer the questions: (1) What should a professional nurse be? (2) What should a professional nurse know and be able to do? (3) What preparation should a professional nurse have for her work? To answer the first question the authors, relying upon their own experience as nurses, studied the functions of the professional nurse subjectively fran the viewpoint of the patient, the physician, the hos- pital administrator, the camnunity, and the nurse. The functions were then arbitarily arranged into eight categories. Reports on the physi- cal conditions for which nursing care was needed fran selected general hospitals, mental hospitals, public health agencies, and private-duty nurses were studied, and a frequency list of the conditions was prepared for each employer group—institutions, agencies, and nurses. Those 19Johns, Ethel and Pfefferkorn, Blanche, An Activity mysis of Nursing, Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schoo , New Yo , l9 , pp. 2 15 conditions occurring in the upper 50 per cent in two or more of the lists became the basis for canpiling what was called a basic list for curriculum construction. This basic list presented the specific condi— tions which require the services of a professional nurse and which could provide a basis for the deve10pment of curriculum content. The answer to the question "What should a professional nurse know and be able to do?" was obtained by making a master list of lists of nursing activities developed by various research workers and analyz- ing the master list to determine activities cannon to nurses. Markwick's 1938 Study. Markwickzo investigated in 1938 the du- ties that were performed by and the characteristics that were desirable in medical secretaries in New Hampshire and Hartford, Connecticut. laboratory duties, office duties, and miscellaneous questions were the classifications of the itans on the questionnaires received from 138 doctors. laboratory duties most frequently mentioned were routine urinaly- sis, white blood count, and red blood count. Only a slight difference in the laboratory duties performed were revealed by a comparison of the Hartford with the New Hampshire returns. Office duties frequently listed were typing case histories and correspondence and scheduling appointments by telephone. The canparison for office duties indicated that doctors in larger communities entrust more work of a confidential nature to their secretaries. 2C)Markwick, Evangeline, ”Survey of the Occupation of Medical Sec- retary," The Business Education World 20:1:814-1188 , February; 615-617 , March; 6733—8, Ipril, 19140 . 16 The study by the writer included a survey of aspects of the med- ical assistant which were not a part of Markwick's 1938 stuchr. Markwick's 1213 Sttlgy. Markwickn studied in 19h3 the demands and recanmendations of physicians regarding medical secretaries; the requirements of the position as seen by secretaries of physicians who were trained in junior colleges, and the training offered in medical secretarial courses . Questionnaires were mailed to 31: junior colleges to secure information about their medical secretarial courses and the names and addresses of all employed graduates of the medical secretarial course. Replies were received from 21: colleges. Questionnaires were then mailed to physicians. Office duties, laboratory duties, special qualifications, and recommendations were in- cluded in the questionnaire sent to physicians. Consideration was given to geographical distribution, size of city, and age of doctor in compil- ing the mailing list. Questionnaires were distributed to anployed graduates of junior college medical secretarial courses. The first two pages of the ques- tionnaire were identical to the one sent to physicians . The remainder of the questionnaire sent to the secretaries was constructed to aid in making a job analysis of the occupation. About 60 per cent of the physicians employed an assistant who alliarkwick, Evangeline, A Study of the Relationships Between the Nedical Secretarial: Trainin ' Offeredjy Junior Colleges and the Voca- ti__ona1 Demands and Recommendations RQorted by Physicians and Medical Secretaries, Doctor's thesis, New York University, New York, 191:3. 17 performed secretarial and laboratory duties. Only two of the physi- cians employed laboratory assistants. The office duties rated as im- portant by physicians were typewriting, filing, and transcription. Data for Markwick's study were obtained from physicians and med- ical secretaries who had received their training fran junior colleges; data for this study were obtained fran employees irrespective of train- ing. Glidden's Stacy. Gliddenzz obtained information fran the gradu- ates of the class of 191:3 through 191:9 of the medical secretarial pro- gram at Fisher School of Boston. The data was to be used in curricular revision. Questionnaires were sent to 151: graduates, and 62 were returned. The functions that were performed often by the majority of the respond- ents were: taking dictation and transcribing case histories and corre- spondence, assisting with examinations, bookkeeping, filing, and recep— tionist. About one-half of the graduates felt that personality factors were very important to the success of the medical secretary. The Glidden stuchr was confined to a survey of the graduates of one school. This study reflected the views of medical assistants irre- spective of place or amount of training. Bangs' Study. In 1952, Bangs23 completed a stuch' of the duties, 22011dden, Lydia, A Survey of the Graduates of the Medical Secre tarial Program of the Fisher School of Boston, Master's thesis, Boston University, Boston, 1951. 23Bangs, Frank Kendrick, Duties, Knowledgg, and Skills Required of ledical Record Librarians, Doctor's thesis, Indiana University, Bloanington, 1952. 18 skills, and knowledges of medical record librarians to determine those that may be develOped in a college training program. Activity analysis forms were sent to 90 medical record librarians and 71: were returned ccmpleted. Questionnaires were then sent to the administrators of the hospitals represented by the 71: librarians seeking the Opinions of the administrators as to (l) the areas of subject matter which should be included in a collegiate medical record librarian cur- riculum, (2) the personal deficiencies Of medical record librarians which could be remedied by training, and (3) the characteristics which they looked for in employing medical record librarians. Returns were received from 31: of the administrators. The administrators ' Opinions were reviewed by 30 members Of the Instructors' Institute of the American Association of Medical Record Librarians and they made suggestions which were used in formulating rec- anmendations for the training of medical record librarians at the col- lege level. Mickelson's Study. A study made by Mickelsonfh with the co- weration of the American Medical Association, reflected the interest of the American Medical Association in providing a basis for the develop- ment and improvement of the educational programs in schools for the training at a high level of secretaries for physicians' offices. Mickelson's study included personal qualities that are important in medical secretaries as determined frun interviews with physicians who were familiar with high-level secretarial work in physicians' offices. ”Madam, Jesse Harold, Knowledges, Skills, and Personal Qualities of Medical Secretaries, Doctor's thesis. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1956- 19 Only high-level and outstandingly competent medical secretaries were contacted in Hickelson's study; whereas in this investigation more nearly average or representative physicians' aides furnished the data for the starch. Select medical secretaries from mamr states exclusive of Michigan caupleted a questionnaire to furnish data for Mickelson's study, but typical or representative physicians' aides frcm within Genesee County, Michigan, provided data for this study. SUMMARY. Research in the field of the medical assistant is limited to three or four studies; however, studies of occupations related to the medical assistant and many descriptive articles and pamphlets have been published. Some aspects of the three or four stud- ies mentioned are similar to certain aspects of this study. But there was a need for this study because of the differences between this study and the related studies and the time that the studies were conducted. CHAPTER II METHODS OF PROCEDURE To conduct this research study, it was necessary to (1) develop a plan for the study, (2) collect data, (3) process those data, and (h) treat those data. This chapter is devoted to a discussion of these pro- cedures. DevelOpment of a Plan for the Study The development of a plan for conducting this study involved four major steps: (1) analyzing the problem area, (2) determining the sources of data, (3) developing a list of medical assistants from Wham data were sought, and (h) constructing an instrument for the collection of those data. ANAIXSIS OF THE PROBLEM AREA. In order to become better acquainted with the problem to be studied, an examination was made of the broad area of medical assistantship. This inspection was accomplished by (1) reading medical books and periodicals, publications of the American Association of Medica1.Assistants, and textbooks for medical assistants; (2) studying the related literature; (3) observing the business-office and semitechnical medical activities performed in medical organizations; and (h) interviewing physicians, medical assistants, and related person- nel. It was decided as a result of these steps that further study of medical assistants was feasible. This information also provided a basis for developing the study and for determining the data that would be used in the study. 20 21 DETERMINATION OF SOURCES OF DATA. It was determined that data were needed pertaining to the activities of a clerical or office nature performed by physicians' employees and activities of a semitechnical medical nature performed by physicians' employees. It was further determined that both medical assistants and physicians could supply data of higher quality than could be furnished by either medical assistants or physicians alone . But medical assistants appeared to be the persons best qualified to furnish the data of the activities of a clerical or business nature performed by physicians; emplqyees and the activities of a semitechnical medical nature performed by emplqyees in medical organizations. The study was not concerned with medical assistantship of a high level only or with data fram outstandingly competent emplqyees only, but rather with medical assistantship as it is engaged in by the average or typical.medical.assistant. DEVELOPMENT OF LISTS OF MEDICAI.ASSISTANTS. The American Associa- tion of Medical Assistants has formed associations in his states.5 Sub- sumed under these state associations are many local or regional associa- tions. The membership list of the Genesee County Medical.Assistants Society comprised the names of the medical assistants who were requested to supply data for the study. CONSTRUCTION OF INSTRUMENT FOR COLLECTION OF DATA. Various re- search techniques were considered for use in collecting data from the 2SKinn, Mary (Chairman, Certifying Board) "The Challenge of Excellence." Reprinted from September, 1965 Bulletin, Orange County Medical Association. 22 nmmical assistants. Because of the nature of the data to be supplied by the medical.assistants, the responses of nearly 100 per cent of the med- ical assistants were considered necessary. Personal interviews with the medical assistants were not used partly because of expense and time required but eSpecially because the responses that were desired from the medical assistants could be given conveniently on questionnaires. 'With the exception of information that would identify the kind of office in Which the respondent was employed, the reSponses of medical assistants could be given by checking items on questionnaires. Questionnaire. Information obtained by studying the related lit- erature and interviewing medical assistants and related personnel was used to compile a list of business—office and semitechnical.medical ac- tivities perfbrmed.in physicians' offices by medical assistants. This list was submitted to scientific and collegiate personnel, medical assistants, and physicians for suggestions and revision. To collect data in regard to business-office and semitechnical medical activities, the questionnaires were mailed to the 78 medical assistants whose names comprised the membership roster of the Genesee County Medical Assistants Society. References on the construction of questionnaires were studied for pertinent suggestions. A tentative questionnaire was criticized by of- ficers and committee chairmen and advisors of regional associations of medical assistants. These suggestions culminated in the revised ques- tionnaire which was then duplicated for distribution. One hundred cepies of the revised questionnaire (Appendith) were printed. 23 Collection of Data Questionnaires were mailed to 78 medical assistants whose names had been furnished by the President of the Genesee County Medical.Assist- ants Society in order to collect data in regard to business-office and :fimutechnical medical activities. Included with a copy of the question- rmire'was a letter eXplaining the study further and a stamped return envelope. Business-office and semitechnical medical activities. On Febru- ary h, 1966, an envelope was mailed by the researcher to each of the 78 nmmbers of the Genesee County Medical Assistants Society. Each envelope contained (1) a printed copy of the questionnaire, (2) a letter explain- ing the questionnaire and the purpose of the study (Appendix B), and (3) a stamped return envelOpe. 'Within two weeks hS (approximately 57.7 per cent) of the 78 questionnaires were completed and returned. Following an intensive telephone campaign and distribution of additional instru- ments, all of the 78 questionnaires (100 per cent) were completed and returned by March 23, 1966. Processing of Data Carefully planned methods for processing and treating the data were required in order to assure maximum use of the data that were col- lected. To process and treat the data relative to business-office and semitechnical medical activities, the following methods were used. Business-office and semitechnical medical activities. Information furnished on the first page of the questionnaire (Appendix A) provided 2h tmckground data about the respondents and the places of emplqyment of the reSpondents. ReSponses to the 100 objective items in the question- naire were indicated by placing check marks in the appropriate columns. These reaponses were then key punched on data processing cards to be processed by computer. For purposes of identification and checking, the rmmber of the questionnaire was printed on the card. Percentages were computed and tables were constructed so that data would be available in convenient form. I At the bottom of each subsection of activities on the question- naire, Space was provided for the respondents to write in any activities that were not included on the instrument. Some of the reSpondents wrote comments on the questionnaires qualifying their reaction to certain items. Treatment of Data An analysis was made of the data within each subsection to deter- mine pertinent findings. Tables were constructed to aid in making analy- ses, and percentages were computed. The findings that resulted from the analyses of the data were used in making observations. The Observations pertain to personnel and activities of less than a technical medical level. Findings of a background nature appear in Chapter III of this report; findings of a primary nature, in Chapters IV and.V. A summary of these findings, the conclusions and observations, are presented in Chapter VI of this report. CHAPTER III ‘ BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT MEDICAL ASSISTANTS Eekground information about the physicians' employees who fur- nished data for this study is helpful in interpreting the findings. The persons who were requested to canplete questionnaires were not neces- sarily outstandingly competent medical assistants but rather, typical members of a regional medical assistants' organization, the Genesee County Medical Assistants Society. mes of offices of employment. More than one-half (hl or 52.56 per cent) of the respondents from the 78 offices were employed in one- physician offices (Table 1). In the two-physician offices, 15 (19.23 per cent) employees were engaged in business-office and semitechnical medical activities. Twelve (15.39 per cent) of the employees served in hospitals; and 8 (10.26 per cent) in three-five physician offices. One respondent worked in an office of six or more physicians and another in a medical clinic. TABLE 1. TYPES OF OFFICES IN WHICH PHYSICIANS' EMPLOYEES WORKED Type of office Number Per cent One-physician office hl 52.56 Two-physician office 15 19 . 23 Hospital 12 15.39 Three-five physician office 8 10.26 Six-more physician office 1 1.28 Clinic 1 1.28 Total 78 100.00 25 26 Job Titles. Fifty-four (69.2h per cent) of the 78 reSpondents indicated that they were classified and titled as medical assistants (Table 2). Fourteen (17.95 per cent) were listed as medical secretar- ies; h (5.13 per cent), as technical aides. One respondent stated that her title was executive secretary to the Director of‘a hospital. In addition to these reSponses, other physicians' employees added slight variations of medical assistant as their titles. Four of the reSpondents were also registered nurses, but no one was also a registered laboratory technologist. TABIE‘2. TITLES OF PHYSICIANS' EMPLOYEES WHO COI‘JPLEZTED QUESTIONNAIRES Title Number Per cent Medical assistant 5h 69.2h Medical secretary 1h 17.95 Technical aide h 5.13 Supervisor and bookkeeper l 1.28 Executive secretary 1 1.28 Licensed practical nurse 1 1.28 Office manager and X-ray technician l 1.28 Receptionist 1 1.28 Senior clerk 1 1.28 Total 78 100.00 Length of emplqyment. Some of the respondents had been emplqyed by physicians for relatively long periods of time (Table 3). Seven reapondents (8.97 per cent) had assisted.physicians for 18 or more years. The greatest number of physicians' employees, 21 (26.92 per cent), had from 0 - 2 years of experience. Eighteen respondents (23.08 per cent) had been engaged in emplqyment for 3 - 5 years. The median number of years the respondents had been emplqyed was 5.75 years. 27 TABLE 3. LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT 0F RESPONDENTS AS PHYSICIANS' EMPLOYEES Physicians ' employees Years Number Per cent 0- 2 8 21 26.92 3- S 18 23.08 6- 8 10 12.82 9-11 10 12.82 12-1h 8 10 .26 15-17 h 5.13 18-20 7 8.97 Total 78 100.00 Personnel assistinggphysicians at respondents'_p1aces of employ- 2333. The respondent was the only employee in 19 of the offices and held the title of "medical assistant" in each case. In two-employee of- fices, the most frequent combination of employees was two medical assist- ants. Of the 9 two-employee offices (and, indeed, of all the offices in the study), only the one office that had two practical nurses did not have at least one employee who was classified as a medical assistant or other office employee. In the offices that had the largest number of employees, the titles of the personnel assisting the physicians were: 8 Medical assistants 5 Registered X—ray technologists 5 Unregistered X-ray technologists 1 Practical nurse 28 In the hospitals, the number of medical assistants or other of- fice employees was greater than the number of employees in any other class. In the hospitals that had the greatest number of employees, the following personnel assisted.physicians: 16 Registered laboratory technologists 12 Medical assistants or other office employees No group of employees can be described as typical of the hospital depart- ments in which the reSpondents worked, for the respondents listed the employees in their respective departments only. All of the respondents were employed in (l) physicians' offices serving one or more physicians, (2) clinics, or (3) hospitals. An in- Spection of the reSponses of the business-office activities revealed that most of the reSpondents engaged in many clerical and secretarial activities. Summary. The physicians' employees who completed and returned the questionnaires represented the membership of the Genesee County Med- ical Assistants Society. More than one-half of these employees were employed in one-physician offices and the respondent was the only em- ployee in 19 of the offices and held the title of medical assistant. The length of time that respondents had been employed by physicians ranged from three months to twenty years with a median of 5.75 Years. Further data supplied by physicians' sides are presented in Chapter IV. CHAPTER IV BUSINESS-OFFICE ACTIVITIES PERFCRMED IN PHYSICIANS ' OFFICES The study was conducted in part to determine the business-office activities that were performed in physicians' offices. Information for this investigation was furnished by 78 physicians' employees. Each of the respondents was furnished a list of 56 business-office duties and was asked to indicate whether she performed the various classes of du- ties. The respondent had three choices in marking each duty: (1) whether she r_r_e_v_e£ performed the duty, (2) whether she sometimes perb formed the duty, or ( 3) whether she routinely performed the duty. Each respondent was also urged to write-in other business-office activities which she performed. The skills and knowledges required to perform nary of the activities that were volunteered are the same as those needed to perfom the 56 duties enumerated. A few of the employ- ees, of course, failed to indicate whether they performed some of the 56 activities. The extent to which the 56 business-office activities were per- formed in physicians' offices is reported in this chapter as well as the duties that were volunteered by the resPondents. Some of the du- ties were performed by a large percentage of the employees; some, by a small percentage . Extent to which business-office activities were performed. Some of the business-office activities were not performed in all the offices and information regarding the performance of some of the activities was not given. The data did not indicate the frequency with which an ac- tivity was performed . 29 30 Five of the 56 business activities were performed by at least 90 per cent of the 78 physicians' employees. In the following list, the five activities are enumerated in descending order according to the per- centage of the 78 offices in which each was performed: Activity Per cent Make and answer telephone calls 100.00 File data alphabetically 9h.88 Operate typewriters 92.30 Receive patients and others upon their arrival at the office 91.02 Perform housekeeping tasks such as dusting office and disposing of obsolete reading ' matter 91.02 The five activities listed had little in common. Eight of the 56 business-office activities were discharged by at least 80 per cent of the 78' physicians' employees. They are listed in descending order according to the percentage of the respondents who per— formed them: Activity Per cent Operate adding machines ‘ 89.711 Determine quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered 89.71; Select supplies and equipment to be ordered 88.h6 Make appointments for patients to see ptwsician 87.17 Complete insurance forms for claiming medical benefits 8h.61 Compose letters (other than collection) 80.77 Explain insurance claim procedures to patients 80.77 Open and sort professional mail 80.77 Tito of the activities—"canplete insurance forms for claiming med- ical benefits" and "composing letters (other than collection)"-—involved assembling and composing materials; two others—"determining quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered" and "selecting supplies and 31 equipment to be ordered"-included activities related to supplies; and two others-"exp1aining insurance claims procedures to patients" and "opening and sorting professional.mail"—-involved miscellaneous business- office activities. Eight (1h.29 per cent) of the 56 activities were performed by at least 70 per cent of the physicians' employees. Those eight activities and the percentage of offices in which each were performed are: Activity Per cent Prepare and mail statements to patients 78.20 Make appointments for consultations with other physicians 7h.36 Arrange with patients for terms for payment 73.08 Make appointments with hospitals for admission of patients 73.07 Deposit funds in bank in person or by mail 71.08 Record financial data for accounting purposes 70.51 Decide which patients shall be sent statements 70.51 Two of the activities listed above included activities related to appoint- ments and reservations; three, with accounting and financial activities connected with physician's professional practice. Four (7.1h per cent) of the 56 business-office activities were discharged by at least 60 per cent of the respondents. In descending order the activities are: Activity Per cent Respond to doctor's professional mail 69.23 Complete forms for claiming workmen's compensation benefits 67.95 Interview patients to obtain data for medical case histories 6h.10 Maintain inventory records of medical supplies and drugs 60.25 Two of the activities listed above involved assembling and composing written.materials. Nine (16.07 per cent) of the 56 activities were performed by at least 50 per cent of the physicians' employees. In descending order the activities are as follows: 32 Activity Per cent Transcribe from longhand 58.98 Pay‘office bills 57.69 Maintain insurance records, bank statements, and other records 57.69 Respond to doctor's nonprofessiona1.mail 55.13 File data by subject 55.13 . Transcribe patients' medical records and histories 53.85 Compose collection letters 53.85 Operate duplicating machines 53.8h Make decisions concerning charges for routine services 51.29 Two of the above activities-"transcribe from longhand" and "transcribe patients' medical records and histories"-involved dictation and tran- scription activities; two others-"pay office bills" and "make decisions concerning charges for routine services"-inc1uded accounting and finan- cial activities connected with the physician's professional practice; and two others-«"maintain insurance records, bank statements, and other records" and "reapond to doctor's nonprofessional mai1"-involved activi- ties related to doctor's personal business affairs. Twenty-two (39.29 per cent) of the 56 activities were performed by less than half of the reSpondents. Because no one activity that was volunteered or written-in was reported by a large number of respondents, it was assumed that the ac- tivity was not performed in more than a few offices. A large number of reSpondents may have indicated that an activity was performed, however, if the write-in activity had been printed on the questionnaire. Dictation and Transcription Activities Two of the five dictation and transcription activities were per- formed by 53 per cent or more of the 78 respondents (Table h). 33 TABLE h. DICTATION AND TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVITIES Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou— No Activity Never times tinely Reaponse Per Per 7 Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Transcribe from longhand 21.; 30.77 23 29.119 23 29.19 8 10.26 2. Transcribe patients' medical records and histories 28 35.90 15 19.23 27 314.62 8 10.26 3. Transcribe dictation fran recording machine 32 111.03 9 11.5827 314.62 10 12.82 h. Take dictation of letters in shorthand and transcribe 1:8 61.51; 12 15.38 7 8.97 11 111.10 5. Take and transcribe minutes of meetings 56 71.79 s 6.1;1 1 1.28 16 20.51 3h Surprisingly, activity that was performed by the greatest number of phy- sicians' employees,"transcribing from longhand," was performed in more than). half or 116 (58.98 per cent) of the 78 offices. It was 9233?. per- formed in 2]; (30.77 per cent) of the 78 offices, and information was not supplied for 8 offices (10.26 per cent). The same number and percentage of respondents, 23 (29.119), performed this activity sanetimes as per- formed it routinely. Examination of the data showed that respondents who had been anployed from 15-17 years had the greatest percentage of per- formance of the activity of transcribing fran longhand. These respond- ents, then, would be older employees and each was employed in a one- or two-physician office. "Transcribe dictation from recording machines" was performed by 146.16 per cent of the respondents. Percentagewise, almost twice as may employees not classified as medical assistants and anployees of 5—6 phy- sician offices and clinics and hospitals performed the activity of tran- scribing dictation from recording machines as did employees from one- physician offices. The highest percentage of performance of this ac- tivity (61.91 per cent) was achieved by respondents in the lowest class interval of years of employment (0-2 years). "Take dictation of letters in shorthand and transcribe" was per- formed in 19 offices (21:36 per cent). In comparing percentage to the total group, approximately twice as new employees not classified as med- ical assistants performed this activity as did those classified as med- ical assistants; the same trend persisted for 5-6 physician offices and clinics and hospitals as canpared with one-physician offices. In regard to years of employment, the highest percentage of performance (50 per 35 cent) of this activity fell in the 6-8 year class interval. "Take and transcribe minutes of meetings ," the activity that was performed in the smallest number of offices, was discharged by 6 employ- ees (7.69 per cent). It was ne_v_e_r performed in 56 offices (71.79 per cent), and no response was given for this activity for 16 offices (20.51 per cent). The sole respondent who routinely performed this activity was an executive secretary to the Director of a hospital. One other respondent indicated that she 93121: performed this duty but wrote in that she did "transcribe minutes of meetings," perhaps implying that screams else may have taken down the minutes or that they were tran- scribed fran a recording machine. The highest percentage of respondents who performed this activity had from 18-20 years of experience. A hospital medical secretary volunteered that she routinely tran— scribed reports of IsotOpe tests. Activities Involving the Assenbling and Couposing of Written Material 0f the ten activities involving the assanbling and composing of written materials, "canplete insurance forms for claiming medical bene- fits" is the task that was discharged by the greatest number of physi- cians' anployees, 66 (811.61 per cent). It was not performed by 8 (10.26 per cent), and information was not furnished for h (5.13 per cent). Percentagewise, fewer than half as many employees from 5-6 physician of- fices and clinics and hospitals discharged this responsibility as can- pared with unplayees fran one-physician offices. In fact, the per cent of responses in each factor as compared to the total of the group was 36 much less for 5—6 physician offices and clinics and hospitals than for other medical organizations. In terms of years of experience, employees from one- or two-physician offices comprising the 9-11 class interval ranked 100 per cent in performance of this activity. Three times as many in percentage from one-physician offices pre— pared and mailed statements to patients as in 5-6 physician offices and clinics and hospitals. The dissimilarity was even greater in the case of canpleting forms for claiming workmen's compensation benefits. One hundred per cent of the respondents with 15-17 years of experience per- formed the activity of preparing and mailing statements to patients and 80 per cent, canpleting forms for claiming workmen's compensation bene- fits. The first six activities listed in Table 5 were fulfilled in more than half of the offices surveyed. "Compose articles for publication," the activity that was carried out in the fewest offices, was performed in 7 (8.97 per cent) of the 78 offices, but was not performed routinely in any office. Only in the case of composing articles for publication was the percentage of response greater for the 5-6 physician office than for the one-physician office. Those respondents with l2-1h years of em- ployment ranked highest in percentage of performance of this activity (37.50). "Composing notes to doctors" was an additional activity volun- teered by only one respondent. TABLE 5. ASSEMBIE AND COMPOSE IRITTEN MATERIAL —_v -—_-7 T -’___ t 37 Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou— No Activity Never times tinely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Complete insurance forms for claiming medical benefits 8 10.26 16 20.51 50 6h.lO )4 5.13 2. Compose letters (other than collection) 11 111.10 33 h2.31 30 38.116 11 5.13 3. Prepare and mail statements to patients 13 16.67 6 7.69 55 70.51 h 5.13 h. Complete forms for claiming Workmen's Canpensation benefits 20 25.61; 16 20.51 37 1.7.12; 5 6.111 5. Interview patients to obtain data for medical case histories 22 28.21 15 19.23 35 hh.87 6 7.69 6. Cmose collection letters 28 35.90 19 214.36 23 29.119 8 10.26 7. Assemble data from medical records for doctor to use in court 19 62.82 16 20.51 6 7.69 7 8.97 8. Assemble data for doctor to use in writing speeches and articles 55 70.51 1h 17.95 2 2.56 7 8.97 9. Compose speeches for doctor or for yourself 61 78.21 8 10.26 1 1.28 8 10.26 10. Compose articles for publica— tion 63 80.77 7 8.97 O .OO 8 10.26 WWW—dag 38 Filing Activities The number of offices in which the three filing activities were performed varied greatly, from 95 per cent to 3h.per cent. Materials 'were filed alphabetically in 7b (lh.88 per cent), by subject in h3 (55.13 per cent), and numerically in 28 (3h.25 per cent). These data ‘would indicate that alphabetical filing is much more prevalent than ei- ther subject or numerical filing (Table 6). The highest percentage of performance of alphabetical filing (100 per cent) was discharged by employees in the lower'half of the years of experience span; whereas the highest per cent of performance of subject and numerical filing (75 and 50 per cent, respectively) was performed by employees whose years of experience occurs in the upper half of the range. One write-in by a medical stenographer in a hospital mentioned that she filed charts alphabetically by doctors' names. .An employee in an X-ray office volunteered that filing was done by number and name. The data show that the same number'and percentage of physicians' employ- ees, 23 (29.h9 per cent), £3133 filed.by subject as performed the ac- tivity routinely. However, responses by individuals from 5—6 physician offices and hospitals and clinics and from individuals not classified as medical assistants show that numerical filing was decidedly performed more often than subject filing. The percentage of'performance of numer- ical filing was almost three times as great in the 5-6 physician office as in the oneaphysician office. TABLE 6. FILING ACTIVITIES 39 Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some— Rou— No Activity Never times timely ReSponse Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. File data alphabetically 2 2.56 8 10.26 66 8h.62 2 2.56 2. File data by subject 23 29.h9 2O 25.6h 23 29.h9 12 15.38 3. File data numerically 33 h1.10 h h.11 2h 30.1h l7 2h.66 hO Activities Involving the Operation of Office Equipment Two kinds of office equipment were operated in at least 89 per cent of the 78 offices, and the other three kinds in not more than 5h per cent of the offices (Table 7), excepting operation of duplicating machines by individuals not classified as medical assistants and employ- ees of 3-h physician offices and clinics and hospitals. Typewriters were operated in 72 (92.30 per cent) of the 78 of- fices; they were not Operated in four of the offices, and information was not supplied in two offices. The four employees who indicated that they did not operate typewriters in their offices were employed in one- physician offices but did indicate that they operated adding machines which were operated in 89.7h per cent of the offices. Of the reSpond- ents who were not classified.as medical assistants, only one person did not use the typewriter. One hundred.per cent of the employees of 3—h physician offices operated typewriters and these employees also operated telephone switchboards to a much greater extent. A few reSpondents explained that telephone switchboards were not used in their offices but that devices were operated to transfer calls to other telephones. Physicians' employees in 36 of the 78 offices (Table h) had already reported in response to activities involving dicta— tion and transcription that dictation was transcribed fron recording ma- chines. Reference was made by a few of the reSpondents to modern c0pying machines in regard to duplicating such as the Thermo-Fax and Xerox ma- TABLE 7. OPERATION OF OFFICE EQUIPMENT b1 Performed in Physician's Office (N " 78) Some- Rou- No Activity Never times tinely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Operate typewriters h 5.13 12 15.38 60 76.92 2 2.56 2. Operate adding machines 6 7.69 20 25.61; 50 614.10 2 2.56 3. Operate duplicating machines 32 h1.03 16 20.51 26 33.33 h 5.13 h. Operate calculators 5h 69.23 h 5.13 6 7.69 1h 17.95 5. Operate telephone switChboard 55 70.51 h 5.13 5 6.h1 1h 17.95 h2 chines. In terms of years of experience, all class intervals showed a rank performance of the activity of operating typewriters except that it dropped off sharply at the highest interval, 18-20 years. The 12-17 years of employment brackets were highest in the percentage of operation of duplicating machines. Two hospital respondents explained that they operated a microfilm printerbreader’machine in their offices; and another, the dictaphone. A hospital medical secretary added the addressograph to the list of office equipment that she operated. Even though the use of the telephone ap- pears in a later section, several respondents pointed out that they an- swered all telephone calls in their offices. Activities Involving Data Processing Equipment No employee engaged in activities utilizing data processing equip- ment with the exception of one reapondent with 20 years of experience as a medical assistant who indicated that She occasionally supervised em— ployees who prepared information for computers (Table 8). It will only be a matter of time, undoubtedly, until this rapidly burgeoning phase of business operations becomes commonplace in medical organizations. .Already, for example, studies have been conducted explain- ing the feasibility of data processing information in many departments of the hospital (including the medical records division) in assisting the medical staff in research and preparing periodic reports. TABLE 8. USE OF DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT 113 Performed in.Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou- No Activity Never times tinely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Supervise employees who pre- pare information for computers 63 80.77 1.28 0 .00 1h 17.95 2. Prepare data for computer processing 6h 82.05 .00 O .00 1h l7.95 3. Make use of computer output 614 82.05 .00 O .OO 1).; 17.95 Accounting and Financial Activities Connected with the Physician's Professional Practice "Arrange with patients for terms for payment ," the activity that was performed in the greatest number of offices, was performed in 57 (73.08 per cent) of the 78 offices (Table 9). But this activity was performed in only 15.38 per cent of the clinics and hospitals as com- pared with 85.36 per cent of the one-physician employees. It was dis- charged by 100 per cent of the employees with 18-20 years of experience, which is comprised of employees of one- or two-physician offices. It was not performed in 17 (21.79 per cent) of the offices, and the infor- mation was not supplied for h (5.13 per cent) offices. "Prepare payroll tax data," the activity that was performed in the mallest number of offices, was performed in 29 (37.18 per cent) of the offices; it was not performed in 111 (52. 56 per cent); and the infor- mation was not given for 8 (10.26 per cent). Activities 3 and h, "decide which patients shall be sent state- ments" and ”record financial data for accounting purposes ," were per- formed by the same number and per cent of respondents (more than 70 per cent). One more person, however, indicated that they never performed activity 3 than activity 11; conversely, there was one more no response under item 1; than item 3. Further inspection revealed that the same circumstances prevailed in separating the responses of the medical as- sistants fron the answers of individuals not classified as medical as- sistants: 112 (77.77 per cent) medical assistants performed activities 3 and h and 13 (511.16 per cent) individuals not classified as medical hS TABLE 9. ACCGJNTING AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES CONNECTED WITH THE PHYSICIAN'S PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Bone- Rou- No Activity Never times tinely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Arrange with patients for terms for payment 17 21.79 11; 17.95 1.3 55.13 h 5.13 2. Deposit funds in bank in person orby mail 18 23.08 13 16.67 1:3 55.13 h 5.13 3. Decide which patients shall be sent statements 19 21.36 9 11.51. 1.6 58.97 h 5.13 14. Record financial data for accounting purposes 18 23.08 9 11.514 146 58.97 5 6.1a 5. Pay office bills 27 3h.62 9 11.514 36 146.15 6 7.69 6. Make decisions concerning charges for routine services 32 141.03 13 16.67 27 314.62 6 7.69 7. Prepare payroll tax data 141 52.56 3 3.85 26 33.33 8 10.26 116 assistants carried out activities 3 and 11. One hundred per cent of the 18-20 years of eaqaerience class interval performed activity 3, "decide which patients shall be sent statements" and 80 per cent of the employees with 6-11 years of experience, activity 14, "record financial data for accounting purposes." More than five times as mamr employees from one- physician offices discharged these duties as compared with employees- fron clinics and hospitals. In fact, all of the accounting and financial activities connected with the physician's professional practice were per- formed by a much less percentage of employees from clinics and hospitals than other employees, ranging from 23.07 per cent in making decisions concerning charges for routine services to .00 per cent in the case of preparing payroll tax data. Several respondents listed personnel such as public accountants, professional management, and part-time bookkeepers as having discharged aspects of the accounting and financial activities. One medical assist- ant employed in a two—physician office with four employees indicated that she wrote the payroll checks. Another respondent volunteered that she did the conplete accounting and financial service for the medical organization with which she was associated. Activities Involving the Handling of Supplies Determination of the quantity of business-office supplies and equipment to be purchased was made in 70 (89.714 per cent) of the 78 of- fices; determination of the quantity of business-office supplies and equipment was not made in 1; offices; and the information was not contrib- 14? uted for 14 offices (Table 10). It is possible that the 14 respondents who reported that this activity was not performed in their offices were reporting only activities for one department of an organization and that the decisions in regard to supplies were determined in another depart- ment. The 14 reapondents who indicated that they I_1_ev__e£ performed this ac- tivity were answers by individuals not classified as medical assistants. "Maintain inventory records of medical supplies and drugs ," the activity that was carried out in the smallest number of offices, was discharged in 147 (60.25 per cent) of the offices. Again, a much less percentage of assistants in clinics and hOSpitals were involved in ac- tivities related to supplies as compared with assistants in one-physician offices: about one-half in the case of selecting supplies and equipment to be ordered and about one-seventh in maintaining inventory records of medical supplies and drugs. Although respondents of all years of experience class intervals discharged the activities related to supplies with a high percentage, em- ployees at the upper range of years (12-114, 15-17, and 18-20) executed the activities at the 100 per cent level of performance. A medical secretary employed in a 3-5 physician office explained that her inventory records were limited to medical supplies exclusive of drugs. Activities Involving the Making of Appointments and Reservations Appointments were made for patients to see the physician in 68 h8 TABLE 10. ACTIVITIES RELATED TO SUPPLIES Performed in Physician‘s Office (N - 78) Sone- Rou— No Activity Never times tinely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Determine quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered h 5.13 17 21.79 53 67.95 h 5.13 2. Select supplies and equipment to be ordered 5 6.1.1 11. 17.95 55 70.51 14 5.13 3. Maintain inventory records of medical supplies and drugs 2h 30.77 11 lh.10 36 h6.15 7 8.97 119 (87.17 per cent) of the 78 offices (Table 11). The activity was not performed in 7 offices (8.97 Per cent), and information was not furnished for 3 offices (3.85 per cent). In several offices where this activity was not performed, patients were not seen; that is, some of the offices only scheduled Operations, et cetera. One hundred per cent of the physicians' employees in one-physician offices made appointments for patients to see the physician but only 38.146 per cent of the employees of clinics and hospitals fulfilled this task. "Make hotel reservations ," the activity that was performed in the smallest number of offices, was performed in 26 (33.33 per cent) of the offices. It was not performed in 146 offices (58.97 per cent), informa- tion was not supplied for 6 offices (7.69 per cent), and only 7.69 per cent of the clinic and hospital employees served this role. The highest per cent of performance of this activity in terms of years of experience (50 per cent) clustered in the three mid class intervals (6-8, 9-11, and 12-114) . The first two activities in Table 11, ”make appointments for pa- tients to see physician" and "make appointments for consultations with other physicians,” were executed by more than 70 per cent of the respond- ents or twice as much as the last two activities, "make arrangements for transportation” and "make hotel reservations." A medical assistant in the office of a psychiatrist pointed out that she called patients to remind them of appointments that had been scheduled months in advance. Undoubtedly, this procedure is probably representative of other offices, particularly offices of prominent spe— cialists. Another respondent employed in a two-physician office explained TABLE 11. ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE MAKING OF APPOINTMENTS AND RESERVATIONS Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou— No Activity Never times tinely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Make appointments for pa- tients to see physician 7 8.97 12 15.38 56 71.79 3 3.85 2. Make appointments for consulta- tions with other physicians 16 20.51 28 35.90 30 38.146 14 5.13 3. Make appointments with h03pi- tals for admission of patients 19 214.36 11 114.10 146 58.97 2 2.56 14. Make arrangements for trans- portation 113 55.13 18 23.08 10 12.82 7 8.97 5. Make hotel reservations 146 58.97 15 19.23 11 114.10 6 7.69 51 that she regularly scheduled surgery with hospitals and maintained an up-to—date list of patients in hospitals for each physician to carry with him as well as a calendar book in which scheduled surgery is in- dicated. One medical assistant employed in a 3-5 physician office of anes- thesiologists answered that she scheduled surgical cases for approxi- mately 15 surgeons and with approximately 50 surgeons. She described further that her office had little, if any, personal contact with pa- tients, and that the doctors administered anesthesia only at the hospi- tal. Therefore, the major portion of her work was through the medium of the telephone by which she communicated with patients concerning their schedules, insurance, and accounts. Activities Related to the Doctor's Personal Elsiness Affairs Employees of physicians fulfilled sone business-office activities that were not directly concerned with the physician's professional prac- tice. For example, physicians' employees Opened and sorted doctors' nonprofessional mail in 58 offices (714.36 per cent). Insurance records, bank statenents, or other records were maintained in 145 (57.69 per cent). (See Table 12). Employees responded to the doctors' nonprofessional mail in 143 (55.13 per cent). These three activities were performed in the greatest number of offices. "Make decisions as to amount of doctor's contributions to spe- cific charitable and civic organizations," the activity that was 52 TABLE 12. ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DOCTOR'S PERSONAL BUSINESS AFRAIRS Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou— No Activity Never times tinely Response , Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Open and sort doctor's nonprofessional mail 18 23.08 15 19.23 143 55.13 2 2.56 2. Maintain insurance records, bank statements, or other * records 28 35.90 9 11.5h 36 h6.15 S 6.b1 3. Respond to doctor's nonprofessional mail 30 38.146 214 30.77 19 214.36 5 6.141 14. Select and purchase afts for doctor to present to other peOple 146 58.97 17 21.79 9 11.514 6 7.69 5. Perform. office work for civic, religious, or other groups be- cause of doctor's monbership 147 60.26 15 19.23 11 114.10 5 6.1:.1 6. Prepare or assist in preparing doctor's incone tax reports 514 69.23 14 5.13 13 16.67 7 8.97 7. Make decisions as to amount of doctor's contributions to specific charitable and civic organizations 614 82.05 5 6.141 3 3.85 6 7.69 53 performed in the smallest number of offices, was performed in 8 (10.26 per cent). No employees of clinics and hospitals performed this ac- tivity. With. the exception of the activity, "perform office work for civic, religious, or other groups because of doctor's membership ," all activities related to doctor's personal business affairs were executed more often by individuals classified as medical assistants than by indi- viduals not classified as medical assistants. In the exception noted, about twice as mamr individuals not classified as medical assistants fulfilled this role as did individuals classified as medical assistants. In respect to years of experience, the prominent per cent of per- formance of activities related to doctor's personal business affairs grouped in the uppermost class intervals (12-114, 15-17, and 18-20). fin- ployees with the greatest seniority inclined toward performance of these activities. The writing and signing of personal checks was volunteered by one respondent. A few of the respondents pointed out that organizations such as professional management take care of many of the activities con- cerned with the doctor's personal business affairs. Miscellaneous Business-Office Activities "Make and answer telephone calls" was performed in 78 (100 per cent) of the offices (Table 13). Use of the telephone in 100 per cent of the offices obviously was the highest percentage of all business- office and semitechnical medical activities performed by pfwsicians' TABLE 13. Sh MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS—OFFICE ACTIVITIES Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some— Rou- No Activity Never times timely Response Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Make and answer telephone calls 0 .OO 9 11.514 69 88.146 .00 2. Receive patients and others upon their arrival at the office 6 7.69 2 2.56 69 88.h6 1.28 3. Perform housekeeping tasks such as dusting office and disposing of obsolete read— ing matter 6 7.69 11 114.10 60 76.92 1.28 1.4. Explain insurance claim procedures to patients 13 16.67 15 19.23 148 61.514 2.56 5. Open and sort professional mail 13 16.67 8 10.26 55 70.51 2.56 6. Respond to doctor's professional mail 22 28.21 16 20.51 38 148.72 2.56 7. Supervise other workers performing office work 36 146.15 16 20.51 20 25.614 7.69 8. Interpret data in court or at other bearings 67 85.90 3 3.85 2 2.56 7.69 .1 .1 _.r L .11 _ 55 employees. This was the only business-office activity that was per- formed 100 per cent by employees of all class intervals of years of em— ployment. Three of the eight miscellaneous activities were performed in at least 90 per cent of the offices, and all of the activities except two were performed by more than 50 per cent of the physicians' employees. On the other hand, "interpret data in court or at other hearings" was performed by personnel of only 5 (6.141 per cent) of the offices, and information was not given by 6 offices (7.69 per cent). Contrary to the prevailing tendency, the larger the medical organization the greater percentage of performance of this duty. Also, this was the sole activity in this category in which the percentage of individuals not classified as medical assistants was greater than for individuals classified as med- ical assistants. In the 3-14 physician offices, ”perform housekeeping tasks such as dusting office and disposing of obsolete reading matter" gained in rank because more onployees fron these offices routinely discharged this func— tion. In ranking the miscellaneous business-office activities, "explain insurance claim procedures to patients" lapsed in activities performed by anployees fron 5-6 physician offices, because 10 enployees pave; per- formed this activity. Summary Fifty-six business-office activities were arranged in ten catego- ries and were examined to determine how many of 78 physicians' employees 56 performed each activity. Certain observations of the 56 business-office activities and of the ten classifications were observed. Seventy-eight (100 per cent) of the respondents discharged the duty of making and answering telephone calls. This was the sole duty carried out by all employees of all types of medical organizations and each years of experience class interval. Five (8.93 per cent) of the 56 business-office activities were performed by at least 90 per cent of the 78 physicians' employees; 8 (114.29 per cent), by at least 80 per cent of the employees; 8 (114.29 per cent), by at least 70 per cent of the employees; 11 (7.1).; per cent) of the 56 business-office activities were discharged by at least 60 per cent of the respondents; 9 (16.07 per cent) of the 56 business-office activities were performed by at least 50 per cent of the physicians' em- ployees. Twenty-two (39.29 per cent) of the 56 business-office activi- ties were performed by fewer than half of the respondents. Two of the S dictation and transcription activities, "transcribe fran longhand" and ”transcribe patients' medical records and histories,” were performed in a majority of the 78 offices. "Take and transcribe minutes of meetings" was performed in a small percentage of the offices. Six of the 10 activities regarding assembling and composing writ- ten materials were performed by a majority of the physicians' employees. The activity "compose articles for publication," by a small percentage of respondents; and it was not performed routinely in am offices. Employ— ees with 12-15 years of experience maintained the greatest per cent of performance of this activity. 57 Data were filed alphabetically in most of the 78 offices; by sub— ject, in a majority; and numerically, in fewer than half. The same num- ber and percentage of respondents meg filed by subject as did 192: 3.1.1321; Alphabetical filing was performed predominantly by employees in the lower half Of the years of experience range. Of the 5 types of office equipment, two (typewriters and adding machines) were Operated in a large percentage of the offices; and three (telephone switchboards, calculators, and duplicating machines), in a small percentage. All class intervals of the years of experience demon- strated paramount performance of the activity of Operating typewriters except the uppermost class interval. All of the accounting and financial duties except "preparing pay- roll tax data" were discharged by a majority of the employees; all were performed by a much less percentage of employees fran clinics and hos- pitals than other employees. Several respondents mentioned personnel such as public accountants, professional management, and part-time book- keepers as completing aspects of the accounting and financial activities. The three activities involved in taking care of supplies were per- formed by the great majority of the physicians' employees. One hundred per cent performance of these activities was achieved by respondents in the upper 3 class intervals of years of employment which embraced 12-20 years. Three of the 5 activities involved in making appointments and res- ervations were performed in most offices. "Make hotel reservations," the activity that was performed by the fewest respondents, was not executed by b6 employees (58.97 per cent). A few of the reSpondents pointed out 58 that they had little, if any, personal contact with patients and that much of their work was conducted over the telephone. Three of the 7 activities pertaining to physicians' personal busi- ness affairs were accomplished by a.majority of the employees. "Make decisions as to amount of doctor's contributions to specific charitable and civic organizations," the activity that was performed in the small- est number of offices, was performed by only 8 persons (10.26 per cent). Most activities related to doctor's personal business affairs were exe- cuted by individuals classified as medical assistants than by indivi- duals not classified as medical assistants. Employees with the greatest seniority inclined toward performance of the activities of this category. Three of the 8 miscellaneous business activities were discharged in more than 90 per cent of the offices and all.but two were performed by more than.ha1f the workers. "Interpret data for court or at other hearings" was performed by only 5 (6.h1 per cent) respondents. Use of the telephone was the highest percentage of performance of all business- office and semitechnical medical activities. It was the only activity with 100 per cent performance of all class intervals of'years of employ- ment. CHAPTER V SMTECPNICAL MEDICAL ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN PHYSICIANS ' OFFICES Marv activities concerned with the examination or treatment of patients may be performed by personnel other than physicians. In many cases in which a patient is to be given frequent injections, a relative may be authorized bya doctor to give injections at home. If such a person who is untrained in the performance of medical activities can give injections, a medical assistant certainly can be trained to perform this activity. Experience with corps-men in the Army and in the Navy has shown that laymen with relatively little training can be very effi- cient assistants.26 Medical assistants perform semitechnical medical activities as well as business-office activities. The 78 physicians' employees who supplied information in regard to 56 business-office activities also furnished data in regard to M; semitechnical medical activities; that is, they indicated whether they never, sometimes, or routinely performed each of the 1111 semitechnical medical activities. A few physicians' employees failed to mark some of the activities and these were tabulated under the no response column. Some of the employees volunteered addi- tional semitechnical medical activities which they considered pertinent. 26Hudson, Charles L., M. D. (Cleveland), "Expansion of Medical Professional Services with Nonprofessional Personnel," The Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 176, Number 10, June 10, I951, pp. 839-8h1. 59 60 Extent to which semitechnical medical activities were performed in physicians' offices. Some of the hh semitechnical medical activities 'were performed by a large percentage of the respondents while others were perfbrmed by a small percentage. The extent to which the hh activities were performed in the 78 physicians' offices are reported in this section as well as additional activities that were volunteered. Each of the hh semitechnical.medica1 activities was never per- formed in some of the offices, each was sometimes performed in some of the offices, each was routinely perfbrmed in some of the offices, and information was not given for each of the activities in some of the of- fices. These findings do not indicate how many people in an office per- formed each activity or the frequency with which an activity was perk formed. One (2.27 per cent) of the hh semitechnical medical activities was discharged by 87 per cent of the reapondents; 3 (6.82 per cent), by at least 70 per cent; 7 (15.9 per cent), by at least 60 per cent. Twenty-eight of the hh semitechnical medical activities (63.6 per cent) were performed by less than 50 per cent of the employees. The seven semitechnical medical activities that were performed by at least 60 per cent of the physicians' employees and the percentage of the employees by which each was discharged are as follows: Activity Per c ent maintain adequate supplies in examination and treatment rooms 67.95 Weigh patients 67.95 Dispense medicine to patients upon physician's orders 65.39 Assist with or remove sutures 62.82 Check fer presence of sugar in urine 62.82 Take temperatures 61.5h Check for presence of albumin in urine 61.5h 61 Two of the seven activities that were discharged by at least 60 per cent of the respondents involved the examination of patients; one, treatment of patients; one, care of supplies and equipment; two, laboratory ac- tivities; and one, miscellaneous semitechnical.medica1 activities. 'Activities Involving Examination of Patients Five of the twelve activities involving examination of patients were each performed in 50 per cent or more of the 78 offices. The re- maining seven activities were each performed in fewer than half of the ' offices (Table 1h). "Assign and conduct patients to examination rooms," the activity involving examination of patients that was carried out in the greatest number of offices, was performed in 61 (78.21 per cent) of the offices. It was not performed in 1b (17.95 per cent)of the offices, and no infor- mation was supplied for 3 (3.85 per cent) of the offices. Of the re- spondents classified as medical assistants, 51 discharged the activity of assigning and accompanying patients to examination rooms; but only 10 individuals not classified as medical assistants performed the activity. In terms of percent of performance, about six times as many employees in one- or twoephysician offices discharged the activity as compared with employees of clinics and hospitals. "Take and develOp X-rays," the activity that was performed in the smallest number of offices, was completed in 9 (ll.5h.per cent) of the offices. .About as many discharged this function sometimes as performed it routinely. No one in a clinic or hospital reported this activity, TABLE 1L. ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS n; 62 Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou- No Activity Never times ttinely Response Per Per 1 Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Assign and accompany patients to examination rooms 1h 17.95 9 11.5b 52 66.67 3 3.85 2. Drape patients for examinations l9 2h.36 11 1h.10 h5 57.69 3 3.85 3.Weigh patients 21 26.9211; 17.95 39 50.00 h 5.13 b. Take temperatures 27 3h.62 16 20.51 32 h1.03 3 3.85 5. Take blood pressures 33 h2.31 17 21.79 23 29.h9 5 6.hl 6. Take pulse rates 38 h8.72 12 15.38 23 29.10 S 6.1m 7. Take physical.measurements 39 50.00 12 15.38 22 28.21 5 6.hl 8. Give visual-acuity tests 51 65.38 6 7.69 16 20.51 5 6.h1 9. Operate electrocardiograph machine 53 67.95 h 5.13 15 19.23 6 7.69 10. Give tests for color blindness 58 7h.36 7 8.97 8 10.26 5 6.hl ll. Determine basal metabolism rates 58 7h.36 3 3.85 11 1h.10 6 7.69 12. Take and develop X-rays 62 791:9 h 5.13 5 6.1.1 7 8.97 *W$m 63 but. 50. per cent of the respondents in the 15-17 years of experience class interval fulfilled the activity. The only activity involving the examination of patients in which a greater percentage of clinic and hospital employees performed the task than one—physician employees was the determination of basal metabolism rates. "Draw blood from donors" was a semitechnical medical activity volunteered by a technical aide who worked in a hospital laboratory. "Complete the X—ray preparation" was volunteered by a medical assistant who worked in a one-physician office. Both of these activities that were volunteered involved performing or assisting in performing particu- lar kinds of examinations. The highest percentage of performance for most of the activities involving examination of patients were by employees in the two uppermost class intervals of years of experience, but Operating the electrocardio— graph machine'was recorded at the highest percentage by employees of the 3-5 years of experience class interval. Activities Involving Treatment of Patients Of the 16 activities involving treatment of patients, each of four was performed in 50 per cent or more of the 78 offices. Each of the re- maining 12 activities was performed in fewer than one-half of the offices (Table 15). "Assist with or remove sutures" was performed in 119 (62.82 per cent) of the 78 offices; it was not performed in 26 (33.33 per cent); and TABLE 15. ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS 6h Performed in Physician's Office (N . 78) Some- Rou- No Activity Never 4 times 7 tinely y ReSponse Per Per Per Per No. Cent ,No. Cent (No. Cent No. Cent 1. Assist with or remove sutures 26 33.33 18 23.08 31 39.78 3 3.85 2. Assist with minor surgery 28 35.90 1h 17.95 32 h1.03 h 5.13 3. Remove surgical dressings 29 37.18 ll; 17.95 31 39.711 h 5.13 h. Apply surgical dressings 32 hl.03 15 19.23 27 3h.62 h 5.13 5. Give intramuscular injections 37 h7.hh 8 10.26 29 37.18 h 5.13 6. Give hypodermic injections 81 52.56 5 6.h1 28 35.90 b 5.13 7. Administer children's shots h2 53.85 9 11.5b 23 29.h9 h 5.13 8. Give vaccinations 89 62.82 5 6.u1 20 25.6h h 5.13 9. Place patients under diathermy machine Sh 69.23 h 5.13 15 19.23 5 6.hl lO. Administer eye drops 57 73.08 7 8.97 9 11.5h 5 6.hl 11. Place patients under heat lamp 63 80.77 3 3.85 6 7.69 6 7.69 12. Assist with major surgery 65 '83.33 h 5.13 3 3.85 6 7.69 13. Make or assist in making house calls 66 8h.62 3 3.85 3 3.85 6 7.69 1h. Place patients in whirlpool 70 89.7h 0 .00 l 1.28 7 8.97 15. Place patients in paraffin bath 71 91.03 0 .00 0 .OO 7 8.97 16. Repair or adjust glasses 71 91.03 0 . .OO> 0 .004 7 8.97 65 information was not supplied for 3 (3.85 per cent). .About twice as many employees performed the activity routinely as performed it only eggs: times. The greater the number Of'years of experience along the continu- um, the higher'the percentage of performance of this activity; 100 per cent of the employees in the 18-20 years of experience interval ful- filled this duty. "Place patients in paraffin bath" and "repair or adjust glasses" ‘were reported as activities not performed by any respondents. No re- spondents from 5—6 physician offices, clinics, or hospitals reported performing any activities involving complete or partial treatment Of’pa- tients. Respondents not classified as medical assistants significantly discharged only three activities: assist with or remove sutures, remove surgical dressings, and apply surgical dressings. The statement above in regard to years of experience applies equally to these activities as to the activity "assist with or remove sutures." Forty—six (58.98 per cent) of the physicians' employees assisted with minor surgery as compared with only 9 (214.36 per cent) who assisted with major surgery; more than 80 per cent of the employees £19333 assisted with major surgery. A medical assistant from a one-physician office ex— plained that she was expected to cleanse and antiseptisize wounds. . Activities Involving Care of Supplies and.Equipment Two of the four activities involving care of supplies and equip- .ment'were perfOrmed in 67 per cent or more of the offices while the re- 66 maining two activities were performed in fewer than 50 per cent (Table 16) . Instruments and dressings were sterilized and other measures were taken routiney to maintain equipment and office in sanitary condition in 50 (611.10 per cent). One hundred per cent of the respondents in the two uppermost years of eicperience class intervals (15-17 and 18-20) dis- charged this activity. Adequate supplies were maintained in examination and treatment rooms in 53 (67.95 Per cent) of the offices. Again, 100 per cent of the respondents in the 18-20 years of experience interval fulfilled this duty. Patients probably were not examined or treated in offices in which these two activities were not discharged. Doctor's bag was replenished for house calls in 31 (39.71; per cent) of the offices, and hypodermic needles were sharpened in 25 (32.05 per cent). The highest percent of performance of these two activities in reapect to years of employment was 75 per cent reported by the respond- ents in the 15—17 years of experience cluster. Seven of the respondents explained that disposable needles were now used in their offices. Analo- gous to activities involving treatment of patients, no employees from clinics or hOSpitals reported performing any of the activities involving care of supplies and equipment. laboratory Activities Three of the ten laboratory activities were performed in more than one-half of the offices (Table 17). The remaining seven activities were performed in fewer than one-half; activities eight through ten were TABLE 16. ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE CARE OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT 6? Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou- No Activity Never times tinely Response . Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Sterilize instruments and dress» ings and take other'measures to maintain equipment and office in sanitary condition 20 25.6h 5 6.hl 50 6h.10 3 3.85 2. Maintain adequate supplies in examination and treatment rooms 21 26.92 6 7.69 h? 60.26 h 5.13 3. RepleniSh doctor's bag for house calls h2 53.85 10 12.82 21 26.92 5 6.hl h. Sharpen hypodermic needles 148 61.51; 8 10.26 17 21.79 5 6.1a TABLE 17. IABORNHXHTAOTDUHTES 68 Performed in Physician's Office (N = 78) 7 Samr- Rou- No Activity Never times timely Reaponse Per Per Per Per No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Check for presence of sugar in urine 25 32.05 6 7.69 113 55.13 h 5.13 2. Check for presence of albumin in urine - 26 33.33 5 6.111 143 55.13 h 5.13 3. Determine specific gravity of urine 30 38.116 13 16.67 31 39.7h h 5.13 h. Check for pH in urine 3? 117.1111 6 7.69 30 38.h6 5 6.h1 5. Make colorv: tests of urine 38 h8.72 7 8.97 27 3h.62 6 7.69 6. Determine hemoglobin content . of blood us 57.69 2 2.56 26 33.33 5 6.141 7. Take blood fran veins for tests 51 65.38 5 6.111 17 21.79 5 6.1.1 8. Make microscOpic examinations of urine 56 71.79 5 6.1m 12 15.38 5 6.1a 9. Perform blood chemistries 62 79.89 3 3.85 6 7.69 7 8.97 10. Count blood cells 6h 82.05 1 1.28 6 7.69 7 8.97 ‘1‘! E"! C:"‘ c" 69 discharged in fewer than one-fourth of the Offices. "Check for presence of sugar in urine" was performed in 119 (62.82 per cent) of the offices. One hundred per cent of the reSpondents in the 18-20 years of experience cell discharged this activity. The following duties were not discharged in more than 25 per cent of the offices: "count blood cells," which was the laboratory activity performed in the fewest number of offices; "perform blood chemistries" and "make microscopic examinations of urine." The highest percent of performance of these three duties was fulfilled by employees with the greatest number of years of experience (18-20) except the third respon- sibility in which case the 9-11 years of experience cluster was highest. A medical assistant in a two-physician Office explained that she assisted the doctor by setting up the examination for "making micro- scOpic examinations of urine." Two respondents volunteered that, under the classification of laboratory duties, they made media for bacteri- ology. In terms of percentage of performance, the employees from smaller medical organizations or offices with fewer physicians performed the du- ties in the category of laboratory activities about four times as much as employees fran clinics and hospitals. It scans plausible that labora- tory tests in hospitals and clinics would be performed by individuals such as laboratory technicians hired and trained exclusively for this function at specific stations. Miscellaneous Semitechnical Medical Activities Activities were performed for the purpose of reducing fear and 7O tension in patients and in others directly interested in the patients' welfare in 68 (87.18 per cent) of the offices. This activity was not performed in 7 of the offices, and the information was not furnished for 3 offices. ‘ It was probably fulfilled in most offices in which patients were examined and treated. The additional miscellaneous semitechnical medical activity, "dis- pense medicine to patients upon physician's orders ," was carried out in 51 (65.39 per cent) of the 78 offices (Table 18). Once more, the percent of performance of miscellaneous semitechnical medical activities drOpped off significantly in clinics and hospitals in comparison with one- or two—physician offices. One hundred per cent performance of this respon- sibility was reported only by respondents with 15-17 years of experience . Sumary A study was conducted of 1111 semitechnical medical activities to determine how many of 78 physicians' employees performed each activity. Certain considerations were observed of the Mr activities and of each of the classifications. The 1111 activities were classified into five groups: (1) activities involving examination of patients, (2) activities involv- ing treatment of patients, (3) activities involving care of supplies and equipment, (14) laboratory activities, and (5) miscellaneous semitechnical medical activities . ' One (2.2? per cent) of the hi; semitechnical medical activities was discharged by 87 per cent of the respondents; 3 (6.82 per cent), by at least 70 per cent; 7 (15.9 per cent), by at least 60 per cent of the 71 TABLE 18. MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL ACTIVITIES Performed in Physician's Office (N - 78) Some- Rou- No Activity Never times timely Beeponse Per Per Per Per No. Cent NO. Cent No. Cent No. Cent 1. Perform acts for the purpose of reducing fear and tension in patients and in others dir- ectly interested in the pa- tients"welfare 7 8.97 18 23.08 50 6h.lO 3 3.85 2. Dispense medicine to patients upon.physician's orders 23 29.h9 16.67 38 h8.72 h 5.13 l 72 physicians' employees. Each of 28 activities were performed by less than one-half of the respondents. Five of the 12 activities involving examination of patients were each performed by the majority of respondents; the remaining seven, by fewer than half the employees. The highest percentage of performance of most of the activities involving examination of patients was achieved by employees with 15 or more years of employment. Of the 16 activities involving treatment of patients, four were each performed by more than half the physicians' employees; and 12, by fewer than half the offices. One hundred per cent performance of the four activities performed by more than half the employees was discharged by respondents of the uppermost class interval, 18-20 years of experience. NO respondents from 5—6 physician offices, clinics, or hOSpitals reported performing any activities involving complete or partial treatment of pa- tients. Two of the four activities involving care of supplies and equip- ment were performed by a great majority of the 78 physicians' employees. The remaining two, by fewer than half the respondents. Once more, the highestipercent of performance of activities involving care of supplies and equipment were conducted by employees in the upper class intervals of years of experience, and no employees from clinics or’hospitals reported performance of any of the activities. Three of the ten laboratory activities were each performed by more than 50 per cent of the respondents, and the remaining seven were each discharged by fewer than half the workers. Of the 7 class intervals in years of experience, the highest percent of performance of laboratory 73 activities was enacted by employees of the tOp 3 intervals, which em— braced 12-20 years of employment. Respondents from offices with fewer physicians performed the duties in the category of laboratory activities about four times as much as employees from clinics and hospitals. The two miscellaneous semitechnical medical activities - "perform acts for the purpose of reducing fear and tension in patients and in others directly interested in the patients' welfare" and "dispense medi- cine to patients upon physician's orders" - were both fulfilled in the large majority of physicians' Offices and the highest percent of perform- ance was also enacted by respondents with l2-2O years of experience. Performance drOpped off significantly in clinics and hospitals in com- parison with one- or two-physician offices. CHAPTER VI S'LThMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS Statement of Problem The problem was a stucbr of the duties, knowledges, and skills required of the physician's employee. The duties and reSponsibilities of physicians‘ employees were determined from questionnaires devised for the purpose and completed by physicians' employees from 78 physicians' offices, clinics and hOSpitals in the Flint area. The study was not a depth analysis of the technical activities and reaponsibilities of phy- sicians' employees; therefore, the recommendations are limited by the scOpe of the analysis. Proc edure The duties and responsibilities of medical assistants were deter- mined from questionnaires devised for the purpose and completed by phy- sicians' employees. The skills and knowledges necessary to perform the duties and reSponsibilities of the medical assistants were determined by analysis of the duties and responsibilities and were classified by areas I of learning. Finally, a list of skills and knowledges necessary for med- ical assistants was compiled, based upon analysis of their activities. The list may serve as a basis for training programs for medical assist- ants . 7h ‘- he tau «‘5. “vi — I l f?) 75 Comparison of Findings with Other Pertinent Studies Bangs' Study. In 1952, Bangs27 conducted a study of the activi- ties and responsibilities of only registered medical record librarians. The librarians were practicing chief and assistant medical record li- brarians in hospitals in the United States. Bangs' study was derived from a gro1p of selected librarians which makes a comparison of the findings with this study somewhat impractical. The duties and reSponsibilities of medical record librarians were determined from activity analysis blanks devised for the purpose and completed by librarians. Thirteen categories of activities were per- formed by the medical record librarians as compared with fifteen catego- ries in the present study. Each of the categories had to do with one of the three phases of the medical record librarian's position: mainte- nance of medical records, personnel relations, or reSponsibilities sup- plementary to keeping of medical records. Some of the areas of learning discovered in the study of medical record librarians that were not uncovered in the stucbf of medical assist- ants by the investigator were: teaching (lecturing and leading confer- ences), management (managing personnel - selecting, training, and super- vising employees), statistical and research procedures, library science, and law. It would appear that the medical assistant Operates at a lower level and performs more routine-type activities than the medical record librarian who fulfills a position of managerial prOportions. Both 27Bangs, Frank Kendrick, DutiesLKnowled es , and Skills Regired of Medical Record librarians, Doctor‘s thesis, ndiana University, Bloomington , 1952 . 76 occtpations, however, include the development of certain personal traits; especially the ability to get along with others. Mickelson's Stugy. As mentioned in the section on related lit- erature, Mickelson's28 1956 study enjoyed the active support and co- Operation of the American Medical Association. Four hundred twenty-eight high-level medical secretaries selected by the American Medical Association and training institutions completed a questionnaire in regard to classes of personnel who performed business activities. Physicians furnished data in regard to personal qualities that are important in secretarial workers and in regard to the nature of the job. Secretaries performed most of the activities in far more of- fices than any other class of personnel. Possibly because the secreta- ries in Mickelson's study were choice, outstandingly competent high- level employees, the activities were performed in a greater percent of the physicians' offices. The findings in Mickelson's study reveal that performance of semitechnical medical activities was shared by secretaries with other classes of personnel to a much greater extent than was the performance of business-office activities. Registered laboratory technicians, for example, performed about half of the laboratory activities in the great- est number of offices, and physicians personally took blood from veins for tests in more offices than any other class of personnel. As a result of interviews with physicians, certain personal qualities were deduced in Mickelson's study that are inferred in the 28Michelson, Jesse Harold, KnowledggsJ Skills and Personal Qualities of Medical Secretaries, Doctor's thesis,—'J Indiana University, Bloomington, 1956. 77 duties and responsibilities of the current investigation: ability to get along with peOple, ability to make decisions, ability to use the telephone effectively, interest in and feeling for peOple, and willing- ness to continue to learn on the job. Analysis of Activities Fifteen categories of activities were performed by 78 medical assistants employed in physicians' offices, clinics, and hospitals. Data were furnished in regard to ten categories of business-office ac- tivi ties: 8. 9. 10. Dictation and transcription activities Assembling and composing written material Performing filing duties Operating office equipment Utilizing data processing equipment Performing accounting and financial duties connected with physician's professional practice Performing duties related to sipplies Making appointments and reservations Performing duties connected with doctor's personal business affairs Performing miscellaneous busin ass-office duties and five categories of semitechnical medical activities: 1. Conducting parts of examinations of patients 2. Administering complete or partial treatments of patients 78 3. Taking care of supplies and equipment 1:. Performing laboratory duties 5. Performing miscellaneous medical duties BUSINESS-OFFICE ACTIVITIES. The ten categories of business- Office activities included 56 business-office activities which appeared on the questionnaires. All but one of the categories of business- office activities, utilizing data processing equipment, were performed in the majority of the 78 offices. Medical assistants and other busi- ness employees discharged most of the business-Office activities as well as additional duties written in or volunteered by the respondents. Similar skills and knowledges were requisite to the write-in activities as were required to perform the duties printed on the instrument. Following is a resume of the ten groups of business-office ac- tivities and the more frequently-mentioned write-in activities. Dictation and transcription activities. The five dictation and transcription activities were: 1. Transcribe from longhand 2. Transcribe patients' medical records and histories 3. Transcribe dictation from recording machines )4. Take dictation of letters in shorthand and transcribe 5. Take and transcribe minutes of meetings Material was " transcribed from longhand" and "patients' records and histories were transcribed" in more than half of the 78 offices. Dictation was transcribed from recording machines by [:6 per cent of the plwsicians' employees, but the remaining activities, "taking dictation of letters in shorthand and transcribing" and "taking and transcribing 79 minutes of meetings" were performed in fewer than a fourth of the of- fices. The activity that was discharged by the greatest number of phy- sicians' employees not classified as medical assistants, "transcribe dictation from recording machines," was performed by more than 70 per cent of the respondents. This tendency was maintained for all offices ~ of more than one physician. The likelihood is much greater that an employee of a clinic or hospital will perform the activity of transcribing dictation from re- cording machines than is the employee of a one-physician office, and the employee with the least seniority (0-2 years) is also the most likely candidate for this activity. The possibility is about 50 per cent less that a physician's employee classified as a medical assistant will take dictation in short— hand and transcribe than for the employee not classified as a medical assistant. The same trend persists for employees in 5-6 physician of- fices and clinics and hospitals compared with one-physician employees. Activities involving the assembling and composig of written material. The ten activities involving the assembling and composing of written materials were: 1. Complete insurance forms for claiming medical benefits 2. Compose letters (other than collection) 3. Prepare and mail statements to patients 1:. Complete forms for claiming workmen's compensation benefits 5. Interview patients to obtain data for medical case histories 6. Compose collection letters 7. Assemble data for medical records for doctor to use in court 8. Assemble data for doctor to use in writing speeches and articles 9. Compose Speeches for doctor or for yourself 10. Compose articles for publication The first six activities were fulfilled by more than half of the respondents surveyed. "Compose articles for publication," however, was performed by seven of the physicians' employees and was not performed routinely in any office. An employee of a clinic or hospital is much less likely to perform duties of completing insurance forms for claim- ing medical benefits, preparing and mailing statements to patients, and completing forms for claiming workmen's compensation benefits than an employee of a one-physician Office. Conversely, the probability that an employee of a clinic or hospital will compose articles for publication is greater than for the one-physician office employee. Those who con- pose articles for publication to any extent have been employed about 12- 111 years. Filingactivities. Three activities comprised the category involving filing: 1. File data alphabetically 2. File data by subject 3. File data numerically In terms of the responses as a whole, alphabetical filing was much more prevalent than either subject or numerical filing. However, responses by individuals from 5-6 physician offices and hospital and clinics, and from individuals not classified as medical assistants, re- vealed that numerical filing was decidedly performed more often than 81 subject filing. Numerical filing is much more prevalent in clinics and hOSpitals than in one- or two-physician offices. Alphabetical filing was performed by employees with less sen- iority, whereas subject and numerical filing were discharged by those with greater seniority. Numerical filing occurred three times as much in 5—6 physician Offices and clinics and hospitals as in one—physician offices. Operating office equipment. The five activities involving the Operation of office equipment were: 1. Operate typewriters 2. Operate adding machines 3. Operate duplicating machines 1;. Operate telephone switchboard 5. (perate calculators Typewriters, adding machines, and duplicating machines were Oper- ated by more than half of the physicians' employees. Except for the uppermost class interval (18-20) of years of experience, all intervals demonstrated paramount performance Of the activity of Operating type- writers. The 12-17 year class interval was highest in Operation of‘ du- plicating machines. Operation of duplicating machines was much more prominent by individuals not classified as medical assistants and employ- ees of 3-11 physician offices and clinics and hospitals. Reference was also obtained to modern cOpying machines for purposes of duplicating. Telephone switchboards and calculators were Operated by a very small percentage of respondents. Employees of 3-h Physician offices were the only assistants who Operated telephone switchboards to any 82 appreciable extent. Mechanisms other than telephone switchboards were used by a few respondents to transfer calls to other telephones. Data processing equipment. Utilization of data processing equip- ment was comprised of three activities: 1. Supervise employees who prepare information for computers such as punched cards or tape 2. Prepare data for computer processing 3. make use of computer output Physicians‘ employees did not engage in activities utilizing data processing equipment with the exception of occasional supervision of employees who prepare information for computers. Accounting and financial activities connected with_physician's professional practice. A majority of the reSpondents performed all seven of the accounting and financial activities connected with physi- cian's practice except payroll tax data: 1. Arrange with patients for terms for payment 2. Deposit funds in bank in person or by mail 3. Decide which patients shall be sent statements h. Record financial data for accounting purposes 5. Pay office bills 6. Make decisions concerning charges for routine services 7. Prepare payroll tax data "Decide which patients shall be sent statements" and "record financial data for accounting purposes" were financial and accounting activities performed by an equal number'and per cent of respondents (more than 70 per cent). More reSpondents classified as medical 83 assistants performed these two activities than individuals not classi- fied as medical assistants. A sharply reduced percentage of employees in clinics and hospitals performed accounting and financial duties and responsibilities. A similar tendency prevailed in regard to activities related to supplies. A few respondents volunteered that professional management or- ganizations discharged aspects of accounting and financial activities in their offices. Activities involving handlinLof supplies. The three activities involving handling of supplies were fulfilled by a great majority of the physicians' mployees: 1. Determine quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered 2. Select supplies and equipment to be ordered 3. Maintain inventory records of medical supplies and drugs "Determine quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered" and "select supplies and equipment to be ordered" were discharged in 88 or more per cent of the offices. One hundred per cent performance of the activities involving han- dling of supplies was achieved by respondents in the upper three class intervals of years of employment which embraced 12-20 years. Activities involving making of appointments and reservations. Activities involving making of appointments and reservations were: 1. Make appointments for patients to see physician 2. Make appointments for consultations with other physicians 3. Make appointments with hospitals for adrflssion of patients 1:. Make hotel reservations 8h 5. Make arrangements for transportation Some of the physicians' employees only scheduled operations. Con- sequently, physicians' employees had little, if any, personal contact with these patients. Use of the telephone was very extensive in this category; several respondents called.patients on the telephone to remind them of appointments that had been scheduled sanetime in advance. Personal services such as making appointments and hotel reserva- tions were performed to a much greater extent by medical assistants in oneepbysician offices than by those in clinics and.hOSpitals. In gen- eral it seems that the larger the medical organization, the less per- sonal contact the medical assistant has with patients. Activities connected with doctor‘s personal business affairs. Employees of physicians fulfilled seven business-office activities that 'were not directly concerned with the physician's professional practice: 1. Open and sort doctor's nonprofessional mail 2. maintain insurance records, bank statements, or other records 3. Respond to doctor's nonprofessional mail h. Select and.purchase gifts for the doctor to present to other people 5. Perform office work for civic, religious, or other groups because of doctor's membership 6. Prepare or assist in preparing doctor's income tax reports 7. Make decisions as to amount of doctor's contributions to specific charitable and civic organizations All activities related to doctor's personal business affairs were executed more often by individuals classified as medical assistants than ‘— 85 by individuals not classified as medical assistants; and least of all by employees of clinics and hospitals. Respondents with more than.12 years' seniority tended to perform activities related to doctor's personal busi- ness affairs. "Make decisions as to amount of doctor's contributions to spe- cific charitable and civic organizations ," the activity that was per- formed by the smallest number of employees, was fulfilled by only 8 (10.26 per cent) of the reSpondents. Some of the activities that were volunteered involved the physi- cian's personal Checking account and professional management activities. Miscellaneous business-office activities. All of the miscella- neous business-office activities except two were performed by the great majority of'physicians' employees: 1. Make and answer telephone calls 2. Receive patients and others upon their arrival at the office 3. Perform housekeeping tasks such as dusting office and dispos- ing of Obsolete reading matter ht Explain insurance claim procedures to patients 5. Open and sort professional mail 6. Respond to doctor's professional.mail 7. Supervise other workers performing office work 8. Interpret data in court or at other hearings make and answer telephone calIS'was performed by 100 per cent of the employees and was the only activity fulfilled by employees of'all organizations and of all intervals Of’years of experience. many employ- ees from B-h physician offices routinely performed the housekeeping tasks. 86 On the other hand, ten employees from 5-6 physician offices 22331; per- formed the activity of emlairring insurance procedures to patients. Congruent with the prevailing tendency, analysis revealed that the larger the medical organization the less percentage of performance of miscellaneous business-office activities. In this area of learning the lone exception to this maxim was the activity "interpreting data in court or at other hearings" in which case a greater percentage of per- formance was evidenced by employees in clinics and hospitals. SEMITECHNICAL MEDICAL ACTIVITIES. Of the 14).: semitechnical med- ical activities that comprised five categories of semitechnical medical activities, 16 were performed by more than 50 per cent of the physicians’ employees. Twenty-eight of the hb, activities were performed by fewer than half of the personnel. The following section is a brief of the extent to which the semi- technical medical activities were performed in each of the five catego- ries: Activities involving examination of Jatients. Five of 12 activi- ties involving examination of patients were performed by more than 50 per cent of the physicians' employees: 1. Assign and accompany patients to examination rooms 2. Drape patients for examinations 3. Weigh patients )4. Take temperatures 5. Take blood pressures and the remaining seven, each by fewer than half: 6. Take pulse rates 87 7. Take physical measurements 8. Give visual-acuity tests 9. Operate electrocardiograph machine 10. Give tests for color blindness ll. Determine basal metabolism rates 12. Take and develOp X-rays About five times as marry respondents classified as medical assist- ants "assigned and accompanied patients to examination rooms" as reSpond- ents not classified as medical assistants. About six times as marry em- ployees in one- or two—physician offices discharged the activity as com- pared with employees of 5-6 physician offices. Few clinic and hospital employees mlfilled this act as well as most of the additional duties of this category. A greater percentage of clinic and hospital personnel, however, did determine basal metabolism rates. Most of the activities in this category were performed by respond- ents with 15-20 years of employment. Additional activities involving the examination of patients vol- unteered were "drawing blood from donors" and "completing the X-ray preparation." Activities involving partial or complete treatments of patients. Four Of 16 semitechnical medical activities involving the treatment of patients were performed by the majority of physicians' employees: 1. Assist with or remove sutures 2. Assist with minor surgery 3. Remove surgical dressings 1;. Apply surgical dressings 88 and the remaining twelve, by fewer than half: 5. Give intramuscular injections 6. Give modemic injections 7. Administer children's shots 8. Give vaccinations 9. Place patients under diathermy machine 10. Administer eye drops 11. Place patients under heat lamp l2. Assist with major surgery 13. Make or assist in making house calls 11:. Place patients in whirlpool 15. Place patients in paraffin bath 16. Repair or adjust glasses The majority'of physicians' employees who performed the four semitechnical medical activities in this category were comprised of respondents with 18-20 years of experience. More than 80 per cent of the respondents £9193. assisted with ma- jor surgery. A medical assistant from a one-physician office explained that she was expected to cleanse and antiseptisize wounds. Employees classified as medical assistants discharged the activi- ties involving treatment of patients to a much greater degree than en- ployees not classified as medical assistants, whereas no employees of clinics and hospitals performed these activities. In other words, the larger the medical organization, the less personal contact the medical assistant maintains with patients. 89 Activities involving care of supplies and equipment. Two of the four activities involving care of supplies and equipment were performed by the majority of respondents: l. Sterilize instruments and dressings and take other measures to maintain equipment and office in sanitary condition 2. Maintain adequate supplies in examination and treatment rooms and the remaining two, by fewer than half: 3. Replenish doctor's bag for house calls )4. Sharpen hypodermic needles Seven respondents explained that disposal needles were now used in their offices. Employees with 15-20 years of employment reported the highest percent of performance of these activities. Medical assistants serving one— or two—physician offices significantly discharged these activities as in the treatment of patients area. No respondents from clinics or hospitals reported performance of any of the activities of this category. Laboratory activities. Three of the laboratory activities were performed by more than half the respondents: 1. Check for presence of sugar in urine 2. Check for presence of albumin in urine 3. Determine specific gravity of urine four of the activities, in fewer than half: ’4. Check for pH in urine 5. Make color tests of urine 6. Determine hemoglobin content of blood 7. Take blood from veins for tests 90 and three, in fewer than a fourth: 18. make microscopic examinations of urine 9. Perform blood chemistries 10. Count blood cells Medical assistants employed.in clinics and.hospitals tended not to perform significantly laboratory activities. Respondents with 10~20 years of experience and from small.medical offices reported the highest performance of these activities. Additional activities that were volunteered involved.assisting in preparing or setting up examinations. Miscellaneous semitechnical medical activities. Both miscella- neous semitechnical medical activities were performed by'a great ma- jority of physicians' employees: 1. Perform acts for the purpose of reducing fear and tension in patients and in others directly interested in the patients' 'welfare 2. Dispense medicine to patients upon physician's orders Because the larger the medical organization, the less personal contact the medical assistant retains with patients; the percent of performance of miscellaneous medical activities dropped significantly in clinics and hospitals. One hundred per cent performance of these responsibilities was reported by respondents with 12-20 years of expe— rience. 91 Conclusions and Observations The lone practitioner of medicine is an anachronism, as is his counterpart in other professions.” By tradition we tend to think of the health and medical team as composed of two persons - the doctor and the nurse. Although these two are still the ker figures in the health fields, there are today many other kinds of workers, most of then at the semiprofessional level, whose knowledge and skill are essential to the care of the sick and thetinjured and to preventive medicine and medical research. As the body of knowledge in a field is expanded and profes- sional responsibilities become broader, a larger and larger gap grows between the semiskilled or skilled workers and the professional. The gap must be filled by technicians who can work with the professional. Duties of medical assistant diversified. In today's medical business structure, typing and shorthand ability are not enough. The medical assistant today is an executive assistant to her employer, and she must have, in addition to the necessary mechanical skills and knowl- edge, the highly specialized intellecmal training that will equip her to perform efficiently the duties of her profession. She is the liaison officer; the gO-between; the one who practices the public relations for the doctor.30 Perhaps the chief characteristic of the medical assistant's job 29Kinsinger, Robert D., "Education for Health Technicians - An Overview.” A report to the American Association of Junior Colleges, Washington, D. 0., 1965, p. 11. 30Yates, Marie Zweegman, fl{the Contributions of the Medical Assist- ant," The Balance Sheet, Volume 37, January, 1956, p. 209. .1 92 is that her duties are so diversified that the position almost defies definition. However, the job description of the medical assistant listed in the Dictionary of.Occ1pational Titlestcontains the greatest number of important duties as determined by this study. When comparing the findings of this stucb' with related studies, it can be noted that few new duties became evident . Activities other than those of a technical medical nature must be fulfilled in physicians' Offices, and these activities may be classified as business-office activities and semitechnical medical activities. Physicians' employees discharge nearly all of the business-office ac- tivities that are usually performed in pl'wsicians' offices. With the exception of complicated laboratory activities, capable office personnel can perform nearly all of the semitechnical medical activities that are performed in many offices of physicians. The most apprOpriate job title for the person who must perform these business-office and semitechnical medical activities is "medical assistant." Both the physician and the patients rely upon the medical assist— ant. It is up to the medical assistant to see that the physician's of- fice runs smoothly and has a friendly atmosphere. The medical assistant has general duties which are much like those of the reaponsible secretary serving a tap executive in any business or professional setting. She answers the phone, makes appointments, and acts as receptionist. She handles mail, and with emerience she can usually take care of routine correspondence on her own. In mam physicians' offices, the medical as- sistant also manages all financial details - sending out bills, keeping track of payments, and ordering supplies. 93 On the strictly secretarial side, her work usually includes a considerable amount of medical record keeping. She may, for emmple, interview net patients to obtain routine facts which the physician will want to know as background for consultation. After the visit, she may summarize the doctor's notes in the form of a case history - to be filed and held ready for a future visit. These duties require an acquaintance with basic medical terms. The medical assistant who also has a good background in English may very likely find herself being called on to serve as an informal editorial assistant on the professional papers which every physician prepares from time to time. But all these duties also have a more specifically medical side. In all her contacts with patients, for example, the medical assistant has special responsibilities. She must be alert to emergencies and levelheaded in handling any unusual situation. She must be trained in the preparations to be made before the physician makes his medical ex- amination of the patient. And she must have the kind of personality - combining friendliness and sympathy with matter-of-fact commonsense - which can give reassurance to peOple who are axndous or distressed. The medical assistant is more directly concerned in the strictly medical side of the overall doctor's Office job. She helps prepare pa— tients for examination, sterilizes instruments and equipment, takes temperatures, measures weight and height, and performs routine labora- tory tests and similar technical tasks. Training prpgrams for physicians' employees. The modern doctor requires a trained. office assistant to handle efficiently the myriad of details brought about by our tax structure, the expansion of health 9).: insurance, public assistance programs and the business records required by governmental agencies. Neither the training for nurses nor the train- ing for secretaries or stenographers is sufficient for assistants to physicians. Although most of the training for physicians' Office on- ployees can be provided in schools, some training on the job appears re- quired. Specifically, physicians' employees who are empected to perform activities not normally performed by physicians' employees should be trained to perform such activities on the job rather than in school. The closer the tie between instruction and job ecperience, the more voca- tional, and, therefore, the more meaningful will be the training re- ceived. Training programs for physicians' employees should be at the post-high-school level. Education beyond the high school is required to prepare men and women for occupations in today's technological society, and junior-community colleges are ideally suited to this task because of their flexible policies of admissions, orientation to community occupa- tional needs, emphasis-A on guidance and counseling that will help stu- dents to make apprOpriate career choices, low cost, and the proximity of these institutions to the students to be served. Proper guidance of prospective medical assistants is one of the most important functions of any training program. The duration of such a training program should be at least two years. The learning emeriences should include competencies in (1) those skills that are normally performed by business employees, ( 2) busi— ness office activities that are the exception or are unique to the job of the physicians' @loyees, and (3) semitechnical medical activities that 95 are commonly performed by physicians' employees. Physicians' employees who discharge unusual duties may learn these as a result of innumerable experiences that cannot be specifically associated with the formal edu— cational program except as a co—operative program with doctors. The em- ployee should have a good general educational background because she is required to function in situations which may require the application of knowledges far beyond those associated purely with vocational skills. There are aspects of the formal educational program which need special emphasis when considering the vocational preparation of the med- ical assistant. Since practically all of the activities of the medical assistant involved some knowledge of medical science, the period of training should emphasize medical terminology as well as elementary hu- man anatory and physiology- The medical assistant cannot possibly go far in her profession until she knows the nomenclature. The common med- ical vocabulary utilized by plwsicians is difficult and extensive and physicians do‘not restrict their medical dictation to the terminology of their specialized field. Special emphasis should be given also to the medical assistant's preparation in spelling and she should obtain a degree of mastery in oral and written communications. Necessity for knowledge of law. Doctor's aides should learn as much as possible about medical law; the well-informed aide can fre- quently help her employer avoid legal entanglements. The medical assist- ant should be knowledgeable about law as it applies to her particular responsibilities and legislation affecting the physician and his medical assistant. When she is prOperly informed, her employer can concentrate more fully tpon purely medical matters, to the benefit of his patients and his practice . 96 Additional .qualities.needed.. The medical assistant who takes a professional interest in her job will inevitably become a student of psychology; the handling of peOple who are sick or worried, or just plain resentful about paying a bill for services which they would rather not have needed, will challenge her imagination. The medical assistant has a privileged occupation of great trust and responsibility. Part of business offerings. Because the greater share of the training program is of a business nature, it should be administered by the business department of a school, and certain courses may be taken with other students. Schools offering training programs for medical as- sistants should use the findings of this study for constructing and im- proving instructional materials for the purpose of improving the educa- tional preparation of medical assistants. Continuing education. Occupational patterns are changing so fast in response to the new technology that education is never terminal. Most young workers now entering the labor force will have to affect a complete change in their work and knowledge at least three times during their working careers. Continued employment depends on continuing edu- cation. New federal legislation, such as the Vocational Education Act of 1963, the Nurse Training Act of 19614, and the Marpower DevelOpment and Training Act of 1962, will have great influence on future deve10pments in this area. 97 Rec ommendations The curriculum for students enrolled in a program for medical assistants should provide sufficient formal instruction to insure job competency for the student who successfully completes the program. Al- though good programs may be expected to differ in terms of content and amount of time devoted to specific subject matter, findings of this study indicate that the following recommendations should be considered in developing and conducting an instructional program for medical as- sistants: 1. It is recommended that the activities listed below serve as a basis for develOping the medical assistant's curriculum. The activities are recorded according to the category in which they appeared in the re- search instrument of the study. Transcribing from longhand Transcribing dictation from recording machines Transcribing patients' medical records and histories Taking dictation of letters in shorthand and transcribing Completing insurance forms for claiming medical benefits Composing letters (other than collection) Preparing and mailing statements Completing forms for claiming Workman's Compensation benefits Interviewing patients to obtain data for medical case histo- ries Composingcollection letters Filing alphabetically and numerically Operating typewriters, adding, and duplicating machines 98 Arranging with patients for terms for payment Depositing funds in bank in person or by mail Deciding which patients shall be sent statements Recording financial data for accounting purposes Paying office bills Making decisions concerning charges for routine services Determining quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered Selecting supplies and equipment to be ordered Maintaining inventory records of medical supplies and drugs Making appointments for patients to see physician Making appointments for consultations with other physicians Making appointments with hospitals for admission of patients Making arrangements for transportation Making hotel reservations Opening and sorting doctor‘s nonprofessional mail Maintaining insurance records, bank statements, or other records Responding to doctor's nonprofessional mail Performing office work for civic, religious, or other groups because of doctor's membership Making and answering telephone calls Receiving patients and others upon their arrival at the office Performing housekeeping tasks Explaining insurance claim procedures to patients Opening and sorting professional mail Responding to doctor's professional mail Supervising other workers performing office work 99 Sterilizing instruments and dressings and taking other meas- ures to maintain equipment and office in sanitary condition Maintaining adequate supplies in examination and treatment rooms Replenishing doctor's bag for house calls Checking for presence of sugar in urine Checking for presence of albumin in urine Determining specific gravity of urine Checking for pH in urine Making color tests of urine Assigning and accanpamring patients to examination roans Draping patients for examinations Weighing patients Taking temperatures Taking blood pressures Taking pulse rates Taking physical measurements Assisting with or removing sutures Assisting with minor surgery Removing surgical dressings Applying surgical dressings Giving intramuscular injections Giving hypodermic injections Administering children's shots Performing acts for the purpose of reducing fear and tension in patients and others directly interested in patients' welfare Dispensing medicine to patients upon physician's orders 100 2. It is recommended that training institutions examine their curricula closely, since the gap between semiskilled and professional workers is eXpanding and the demand for training medical assistants will increase. 3. Schools should provide the major portion of the training for the performance of semitechnical medical activities, but additional training on the job is necessary to teach the activities that are pecu- liar to the employer's practice. h. Because of a trend toward postponing Specialized vocational training until after secondary school graduation, training for physi- cians' employees should be carried on at the post-secondary (junior, community, or traditional college) level. The duration of such a train- ing program should be two or more years and should include a superior general educational background or foundation. 5. Since the major portion of the training program is of a busi- ness nature, a training program for medical assistants should be adminis- tered by the business department of a school. 6. Only students who possess superior capabilities should be ad- mitted to a training program for medical assistants, as the position requires both business and scientific knowledge and skills. 7. Great emphasis should be placed on the mastery of medical terminology in the preparatory program for medical assistants. Intimacy with the nomenclature is important in understanding the language of the professional person, yet physicians do not restrict their medical dicta- tion to the terminology of their Specialized field. 101 8. Provision Should be created to encourage and to contribute to the cultivation on the part of the medical assistant of the kind of per- sonality which can bestow reassurance to people who are anxious or dis- tressed. 9. Opportunity should be provided for physicians' aides to learn as much as possible about medical law. 10. Because of the extensive diversity of duties and responsibili- ties assumed by physicians' aides, it is recommended that their educa- tional training have both depth and breadth and that varied.practices and.precedures be utilized" The following instructional activities are suggested as examples: a. An agenda of orientation.may be scheduled to point out that duties vary and may be performed differently in the clinic and hospital than in the one- or twoaphysician office. b. Team teaching by business and science personnel may pro-- vide opportunity for a broader understanding of skills and.knowl- edges. ’ c. Drawing in a diversity of medical talent of’physicians of various specialties and other medical personnel fran the cmu— nity may be helpful in presenting specialized and.individualized instruction. 11. here are indications that experience is a factor in the per- formance of certain duties and responsibilities. It is therefore recan- mended that a variety of educational programs be made available to em- ployed.physicians' aides who wish to advance rapidly to positions entail- ing greater responsibility. 102 12. Additional research should be conducted pertaining to both educational programs and job responsibilities for medical assistants. a. Due to rapid technological changes in occupational patterns, additional studies should be conducted in at least another ten years to further identify activities performed by medical assistants. b. Further studies should be conducted to identify practices in additional geographical locations. c. EXperimental studies should be conducted to develOp best methods of providing instruction for students interested in em- ployment as medical assistants. d. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs. Summary It was hypothesized in the study that the activities in the areas of learning enumerated on the questionnaires were in fact the activities that medical assistants discharge. Fifty-six business-office activities were allocated into ten areas of learning. Forty-four semitechnical med- ical activities were organized into five areas of learning. Reaponses to the 100 objective items on the questionnaires provided information about the duties of medical assistants and corroborated that medical assistants performed nearly all of the business-office activities and nearly all of the semitechnical medical activities. These activities are the important areas of responsibility infer- red in the hypothesis, then, which was substantiated and which may serve as a basis for training programs for medical assistants. 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10h BIBLICERAPHY American Association of Medical Assistants, The AAMA Bulletin. Pub- lished bi-monthb' by the American Association of Medical Assist- ants, Inc., 510 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60610. , ”The Right Job For You." A publication of the American Association of Medical Assistants, Inc., 510 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60610. Bangs, Frank Kendrick, Duties, Knowledgeg, and Skills Required of Med- ical Record Librarians, Doctor's thesis, School of Education, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1952, 226 pp. Bredow, Miriam, Handbook for the Medical Secreta . New York: McGraw— Hill Book Company, Inc., hth edition, l9§9, 378 pp. Charters, Werrett Wallace and Whitley, Isadore B. , Analysis of Secreta- rial Duties and Traits. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1921;, iFépp. Creel, Stephen M. , M. D., "Our Backward Medical Schools," Atlantic, Volume 217, Number 5, May, 1966, pp. 146—50. "Crisis Now Near in Medical Care?" U. 8. News 8: World Remort, Volume LY, Number 10, March 7, 1966, pp. 384:1. Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 3rd edition, 2 vols.; Washington, D. 0.: United States Government Printing Office, 1965. Frederick, Portia M. and Towner, Carol, 'me Offic_e_C_Assistant in Medical Practice. Second edition, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Canpamr, E35756? pp- Fuchs , Victor R., "Productivity Trends in the Goods and Service Sectors, 1929-61," National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 19614, 8 pp. , ”Sane Implications of the Growing Importance of the ‘ Service Industries ," Fort -fifth Annual R ort National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, June 1965, pp. :35. Gardner,, John w., "Quality in Higher Education,“ Junior Golle Journal, Volume xxvrn, Number 9, May, 1958, pp. 522"'5"- 23'. ‘ 105 Glidden, Lydia, A Survey of the Graduates of the Medical Secretarial Program.of the Fisher School of Boston, Master's thesis, Boston University, 1951, h? pp. Good, Carter Victor, editor, A Guide to Colleges, Ugiversities, and Professional Schools in the United States. ‘Washington, D. C.: American.Council on Education, l9h5, 681 pp. Harris, Norman, Technical Education in the Junior Collegeleew Programs for New Jobs, A Project of the Curriculum Commission of the .American Association of Junior Colleges,'Washington, D. C., l96h, 102 pp. "Hospitals Are'Worriedes Medicare Nears," U. S. News & World Report, Volume LX, Number 23, June 6, 1966, pp. 50-52. Howard, Milton E., "Medical Secretary - Secretary, Technician, Both?" Junior College Journal, Volume 35, Number 5, February, 1965, pp 0 15-17 0 Hudson, Charles L., M. D. (Cleveland), "Expansion of‘Medical Profes- sional Services with Nonprofessional Personnel," The Journal of the American.Medical Association, Volume 176, Number 10, June 10, 1961, pp. B39—8hl. Jahoda, Marie, Morton Deutsch, and Stuart'W. Cook, Research Methods in Social Relations. New York: The Dryden Press, 1951, 759 pp. Johns, Ethel, and Pfefferkorn, Blanche, An Activity Analysis of Nursing, Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schools, New York, l93h, 21h pp- Kinsinger, Robert E., "Education for Health Technicians -.An Overview." .A report to the.American Association of’Junior Colleges,'Wash- ington, D. C., 1965, 35 pp. Marchwardt, Albert H. and Frederick G. Cassidy, Scribner Handbook of En lish, 3rd edition. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1960, 5'77 pp- Marietta, E. L., "Style Suggestions for Research Papers." East Lansing: Michigan State University, November 1960, 9 pp. Markwick, Evangeline, A Study of the Relationships Between the Medical Secretarial Training_0ffered by Junior Colleges and the Vocational Demands and Recommendations Reported by Physicians and Medical Secretaries, Doctor's thesis, New York University, l9h3. , "Survey of the Occupation.of’Medical Secretary," The Business Education World 20:h8h—h88, February: 615-617, March; 106 Mayo, Charles W. , "Making Modern Medicine Work Better For You and Your Family," Ladies' Home Journal, Volume LXXXIII, Number 1, January, 1966, p. 73. Mickelson, Jesse Harold, Knowledges, Skills, and Personal Qualities of Medical Secretaries, Doctor's thesis, Bloomington: Indiana University, 1956. Nosow, Sigmund and Form, William H. , Map, Work, and Socieg. New York: Basic Books, Inc. , 1962, 612 pp. Pauley, Gay, "Supply of Nurses Not Increasing Enough to Meet Nation's Needs, The Flint Journal, Flint, Michigan, June 8, 1966, p. 52. Peterson, Naomi, "The Medical Secretarial Course at Rochester, Minnesota," The Business Education World 22:1h8-150, October; 242-21514, November, 19111. "Physicians For A Growing America," Report of the Surgeon General's Consultant Group on Medical Education, Public Health Service Publication No. 709, 1959. Porter, Sylvia, "The Economic Outlook ," Medical World News, Volume 6, Number 27, July 23, 1965, p. 63. Runmel, J. Francis, An Introduction to Research Procedures in Education. ; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1958, 1:13 pp. Seeber, Edward D., A Style Manual for Students. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965, pp. 99. Shindell, Sidney, M. D., LL. B., "Highlights of the Law of Medical Prac- tice," The AAMA Bulletin, Volume IX, Number 2, March—April, 1965, pp. hS-IIB; Number 3, May-June, 1965, pp. h9-51; Number 1;, July- Auguit, 1965 , pp. hit-M; Number 6, November—December, 1965, pp. 22-2 . Stannard, Edward C., "On-the-J ob Training for Medical Secretaries ," Junior College Journal, Volume 35, Number 5, February, 1965, p. 17. Today's Secretary, Volume 67, Number 8, April, 1965, p. 65. Turabian, Kate L., A Manual for Writers of Term Pagers, Theses, and Dissertations, The University of Chicago Press, 1965, 110 pp. United States Employment Service, "Health Careers Guidebook," Bureau of Employment Security. Washington, D. 0.: United States Govern- ment Printing Office, 251 pp. Vestal, Bud, "Doctor Gives His View of Blue Cross; Fears New 'Restraints' Under Medicare ," The Flint Journal, Flint, Michigan, October 2, 1965, p. h. 107 Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Springfield, Massachu- setts: G & C Merriam Comparn', 19$, 2662 pp. wecht, Cyril, M. D., LL. B., "Highlights of the Law of Medical Practice," The AAMA Bulletin, Volume X, Number 3, May-June, 1966, pp. 314-143. Yates, Marie Zweegman, "The Contributions of the Medical Secretary,” The Balance Sheet 37:208-209, 239, January, 1956. APPENDICES 108 109 APPENDIX A Questionnaire Sent to Medical Assistants to Obtain Data in Regard to Duties Performed in Medical Organizations 110 DUTIES PERFORMED BY MEDICAL ASSISTANTS I. Background Data (Please fill in) 1. Type of medical office in which employed: 1 physician office 2 physician office 3-5 physician office 6-more physician office Medical clinic _ Hospital Other (Write In) 2. YES NO Are you classified as a medical assistant? If Q: what is the one best title for your job? Are you also a registered nurse? 3. Are you also a registered laboratory technologist? If yes , indicate registry: ASCP AMP Other (Write In) Number of years you have been employed as a medical assistant. 4. Number and titles of all employed personnel in office , including yourself but excluding physician: No. Titles Registered nurses Practical nurses Registered laboratory technologists Registered X-ray technologists Physical therapists Laboratory technicians Office managers Medical assistants , receptionists , clerks , and other office employees primarily assigned to business duties (Other medical or business personnel. Please list) II. Assignment of Duties to Medical Assistants: Duties in physicians' offices seem to fall logically into two maior categories (I) duties of a business nature and (2) duties of a technical or medical nature. Some personnel may perform only those duties in the first category, some may perform only those in the second, and some may perform duties falling in both classes. Instructions. In the spaces provided please indicate with an "X" whether or not you perform each offlie various classes of duties listed. Each class of duty should be marked in the appro- priate column. Please add other duties that are performed by you. The bottom margins or an- other sheet of paper may be used for adding duties if the spaces provided are not adequate. I IX Never Sometimes le Routinely EXAMPLES A. Perform maior surgery. B. Answer routine mail. BUSINESS-OFFICE DUTIES Take Dictation and Transcribe I. Take dictation of letters in shorthand and transcribe. 2. Take and transcribe minutes of meetings. 3. Transcribe dictation from recording machines. 4. Transcribe patients‘ medical records and histories. 5. Transcribe from longhand. Others (Write In) Assemble and Compose Written Material 6. Prepare and mail statements to patients. 7. Complete insurance forms for claiming medical benefits. 8. Complete forms for claiming Workmen' 5 Compensation benefits. 9. Compose collection letters. I0. Compose other (than collection) letters. ll. Interview patients to obtain data for medical case histories. l2. Assemble data from medical records for doctor to use in court. l3. Assemble data for doctor to use in writing speeches and articles. l4. Compose articles for publication. I5. Compose speeches for doctor or for yourself. Others (Write In) 111 Never Sometimes Routinely Perform Filing Duties l6. File data by subject. I7. File data numerically. l8. File data alphabetically. Others (Write In) Operate Office Equipment I9. Operate duplicating machines. 20. Operate calculators. 2|. Operate typewriters . 22. Operate adding machines. 23. Operate telephone switchboard. Others (Write In) Utilize Data Processing Equipment 24. Prepare data for computer processing. 25. Make use of computer output. 26. Supervise employees who prepare information for computers such as punched cards or tape. Others (Write In) Perform Accounting and Financial Duties Connected with Physician's Practice 27. 28. 29. 30. 3|. 32. 33. Prepare payroll tax data. Others (Write In) Record financial data for accounting purposes. Pay office bills. Deposit funds in bank in person or by mail. Arrange with patients for terms for payment. Decide which patients shall be sent statements. Make decisions concerning charges for routine services. Perform Duties Related to Supplies 34. Select supplies and equipment to be ordered. 35. Determine quantity of supplies and equipment to be ordered. 36. Maintain inventory records of medical supplies and drugs. Others (Write In) 112 Never Sometimes Routinely Make Appointments and Reservations 37. Make appointments for patients to see physician. 38. Make appointments with hospitals for admission of patients. 39. Make hotel reservations. 40. Make appointments for consultations with other physicians. 4|. Make arrangements for transportation. Others (Write In) Perform Duties Connected with Doctor's Personal Business Affairs 42. Open and sort doctor's non-professional mail. 43. 44. Respond to doctor's non-professional mail. Perform office work for civic, religious, or other groups because of doctor's membership. Maintain insurance records, bank statements, or other records. 45. 46. 47. 48. Prepare or assist in preparing doctor's income tax reports. Select and purchase gifts for the doctor to present to other people. Make decisions as to amount of doctor's contributions to specific charitable and civic organizations. Others (Write In) Perform Miscellaneous Business Duties 49. Make and answer telephone calls. 50. Receve patients and others upon their arrival at the office. 5|. Explain insurance claim procedures to patients. 52. Open and sort professional mail. 53. Respond to doctor's professional mail. 54. 55. 56. Supervise other workers performing office work. Interpret data in court or at other hearings. Perform housekeeping tasks such as dusting office and disposing of obsolete reading matter. Others (Write In) 113 Never l Sometimes Routinely MEDICAL DUTIES Conduct Parts of Examinations of Patients 57. 58. 59. 60. 6|. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. Assign and accompany patients to examination rooms. Drape patients for examinations. Take temperatures. Take pulse rates. Take blood pressures. Weigh patients. Take physical measurements. Give visual-acuity tests. Give tests for color blindness. Determine basal metabolism rates. Operate electrocardiograph machine. Take and develop X-rays. Others (Write In) Administer Complete or Partial Treatments of Patients 69. 70. 7|. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. BI. 82. Give hypodermic iniections. Give intramuscular iniections. Remove surgical dressings. Apply surgical dressings. Assist with minor surgery. Make or assist in making house calls. Give vaccinations. Administer eye drops. Place patients under diathermy machine. Assist with maior surgery. Place patients in paraffin bath. Place patients in whirlpool. Place patients under heat lamp. Repair or adiust glasses. 83. 84. Assist with or remove sutures. Administer children's shots. Others (Write In) Take Care of Supplies and Equipment 85. 86. 87. 88. Maintain adequate supplies in examination and treatment rooms. Steri lize instruments and dressings and take other measures to maintain. equipment and office in sanitary condition. Replenish doctor's bag for house calls. Sharpen hypodermic needles. Others (Write In) Perform Laboratory Duties 89 90 9|. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. Check for presence of albumin in urine. Check for presence of sugar in urine. Check for pH in urine. Determine specific gravity of urine. Make color tests of urine. Make microscopic examinations of urine. Take blood from veins for tests. Determine hemoglobin content of blood. Perform blood chemistries. Count blood cells. Others (Write In) Perform Miscellaneous Medical Duties 99. I00. Perform acts for the purpose of reducing fear and tension in patients and in others directly interested in the patients' welfare. Dispense medicine to patients upon physician's orders. Others (Write In) 115 APPENDIX B letter that Accompanied Questionnaires and Explained the Study to Medical Assistants 116 1401 EAST COURT STREET 0 FLINT. MICHIGAN 6.3.3 FLINT BOARD OF EDUCATION 0 February 4, 1966 Dear Medical Assistant: At the regular meeting of the Gene see Medical Assistants Society held in January, 1966, the enclosed questionnaire was approved. As explained to you, it is for the purpose of obtain- ing essential information about your profession so that Flint Community Junior College may develop better training programs for medical assistants. As you know, there are not enough well-trained medical assistants available today to meet the demand. An improved training program at FCJC should enhance the status of medical assistants in Michigan and make it possible for medical assist— ants to render even greater service to the medical profession and to the general public. For the study to be of success, it is imperative that we obtain nearly 100 per cent return. Your responses are highly important and the study will mean much more if we have the information that you can supply, Within two weeks will you please complete the enclosed instrument and return it to me in the stamped envelope that is. also enclosed. Your co-operation in providing the data is greatly appreciated and an abstract of the findings of the study will be sent to your organization. You need not sign your name to the questionnaire. Since rely yours, Charles C. Modesitt - Division of Business Education Enclosure 8 Que stionnaire Stamped envelope 117 118 APPENDIX C Responses to Questions 1-100 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS l-IQQ I I l I NU QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I 7‘ I I I I I I he I 12 I 7 I II I I I I I I I I 2 I 56 I 5 I I I 16 I I I I I I I I 3 I 32 I 3 I 27 I IO I I I I I I I I u . I 28 I Is I 27 I 8 I I I I I I I I 5 I 24 I 23 I 23 I 8 I I I I I I I I 6 I I3 I 6 I 55 I h I I I I I I I I 7 I 8 I I6 I SO I u I I I I I I I I 8 I 2O I I6 I 37 I 5 I I I I I I I I 9 I 28 I I9 I 23 I 8 I I I I I I I I IO I II I 33 I 3O I u -‘ 119 x V \IIJI l I ... _..... QUESTION I II NEVER 22 I SOMETIMES 15 ROUTINELY 35 NO RESPONSE 12 49 16 13 55 1h 11+ 15 63 61 16 23 2% 23 12 17 33 24 17 18 66 19 32 16 26 26 5% 1h 21 12 2O 5% 120 --- v I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUT I NELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 23 l 35 | 1+ I 1+ I II I I I I I I I I 21+ l 4'1 1 O I O I 1O I l I I I I l I 25 I 41+ I O I O 1 1O I I I I I I I I 26 I 1+3 I 1 2| O I W I I I I I I I I 27 I 1O l 8 I 3’+ I 2 I I I I I I I I 28 I 15 I 6 I 29 I b. I I l I I I I I 29 I 8 I 9 I 35 l 2 I I I I I I I I 3O I 8 I 12 I 32 I 2 I I I I I I I I 31 I 11 I 7 I 35 I 1 I I I l I I I I 32 I 21 I 1O I 19 I I4 I I I I I I I I 33 I 28 l 2 l 19 I 5 I I I I I I I I 31+ I O I 9 I 41+ l I I I I I 121 .1. p.. ~ —-— I I I I N0 QUESTION NEVER. I SOMETIMES I‘ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I _ I I I 7 w 35 O I 13 I 39 I 2 I I I I I I 36 II I 8 I 3O I 5 I I I I I I 37 I I IO I LIZ I I I I I I I I 38 7 I 7 I LIO I O I I I _ I I I 39 31 I IO I 9 I u I I I I I I I-IO LI I ZI I 27 I 2 I I I I I I III 28 I ILI I 7 I 5 I I I I I I O2 9 I 12 I 33 I O I I I I I I 1+3 I9 I I8 I 15 I 2 I I I I I I Mr 31 I II I IO I 2 I I I I I I 115 17 I 9 I 26 I 2 I I I I I I Lie 38 I 3 I 9 I LI I I I 122 I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 1+7 I 28 15 I 8 I 3 I I I I I I 1+8 I LILI LI- I 3 I 3 I I I I I I L19 I O 7 I 1+7 I O I I I I I I SO I I I I 52 I O I I I I I I 51 I 3 12 I 38 I 1 I I I I I I 52 I LI 7 I LI3 I O I I I I I I 53 I IO 12 I 32 I O I I I I I I 56 I 25 II I 11+ I LI I I I I I I 55 I 1+7 2 I O I 5 I I I I I I 56 I I 6 I 1+6 I I I I I I I I 57 I 2 It I L17 I I I I I I I I 58 I I-I 7 I L12 I I I I I 123 ,A-.- olll Ii ‘hh.n. m“M--.l ,.,,, ”gar -oh. 1 ...r-- QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE 59 1O 13 3O a..— 6O 21 21 61 62 63 64 16 19 31 14 11 21 37 22 14 65 66 67 38 4O 33 14 68 43 69 21 26 7O 17 27 124 II I. QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUTINELY 71 1O *- 13 29 72 13 13 26 73 14 3O 74 45 75 29 18 76 37 77 34 I3 78 44 79 5O 8O 49 81 43 82 SO I NO I RESPONSE I I I 2 I I I 2 I I I 2 I | 2_ I 3 I . I I 2 I I I 3 I I I 3 I I I 3 I I I LI I I I 1+ I I I u I I I b. 125 Ill r...‘ .I-.. 126 I I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 7 83 I 9 I 14 I 3O I I I I I I I I I I — 7‘— 84 I 22 I 9 I 21 I 2 I I I I I I I I 7— 85 I 5 I 3 I LII-I I 2 1 I I l I I I I 86 I u I 3 I 46 I 1 I I I 1 1 I I I 87 I 22 I 9 1 2O I 3 I ~I I I I I I I 88 I 28 I 7 l 16 I 3 I I I I I I 1 I 89 _ I 9 I 5 I 38 I 2 I I I I I I 1 I 9O I 8 I 6 1 38 I 2 I I I I I I 1 1 91 I 2O I 6 I 26 I 2 I 1 l 1 _ I ‘7 1 I I 92 I 13 I 13 I 26 I 2 I I 1 I 1 I I I 93 1 21 l 7 I 23 I 3 I I I I I I I I 94 I 35 I S I 12 I 2 I I I l ,-'—-.. .. v 2 >-. .. ._-v 0 - o . o —_ _- 1 I 1 NO QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE l I I I l I ‘— 95 I 34 4 I I3 I 3 I 1 I I I l 96 I 28 2 I 21 l 3 I I I I I I 97 I 41 3 I 6 I 4 I I 1 I l I 7 98 I 46 1 l 3 I 1+ I I I I I 1 99 I 2 11 | NO I 1 I I 1 7 I 1 1 IOO l 9 1O 3 '+ I I 127 128 APPENDIX D Responses to Questions l—lOO (Per Cent) A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS 1-IOO (PER CENT) 1 I I 1 N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES 1 ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I 1 I l I I 1 I 61.54 I 15.38 I 8.97 I 14.1O I I I I l I l I 2 I 71.73 I 6.41 I 1.28 l 2O.51 I l l I I l I I 3 I 41.03 I 11.54 I 34.62 I 12.82 1 I I 1 I 1 I l 4 I 35.7O 1 13.23 I 34.62 I 10.26 I I I I 1 I I 1 5 I 30.77 I 29.43 I 23.43 I 1O.26 I I I I I I I I 6 I 16.67 I 7.69 I 70.51 I 5.13 I I I I I I I I 7 I 10.26 I 20.51 I 64.1O I 5.13 I I I 1 1 I I l 8 I 25.64 I 20.51 1 47.44 I 6.41 I I I I I I I I I I 35.7O l 24.36 I 21.43 I 1O.26 I I I l I I I 1O 14.1O I 42.31 I 38.46 I 5.13 129 -. A, I QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUT I NE LY NO RESPONSE 11 28.21 19.23 44.87 7.63 12 62.82 20.51 7.6) 8.97 13 70.51 17. )5 2.56 8.97 14 80.77 8.97 10.26 15 78.21 10.26 10.26 16 29.49 25.64 ' 23.49 15.38 I7 18 42.31 2.56 5.13 10.26 30.77 84.62 21.79 2.56 19 41.O3 20.51 33.33 20 69.23 5.13 7069 17.95 21 15.38 76.92 2.56 22 25.64 64.1O 2.56 130 ..-....~ 0 . .- . > I , ._.A 1 .2 .. —.r- o I C ‘ .-- - , O a a. 2 C .w.u~—.-4A.vv~ I O > .11 . . O r. A - O O .. . I O .......r .2.- ..n -. . . . n . -r ..- ,, -77_, .. , ...,..r QUESTION I 23 NEVER 70.51 SOMETIMES 5.13 ROUTINELY 6.41 NO RESPONSE 17.95 24 82.25 .OO .OO 17.95 25 82.05 .0“ .OO 17.95 26 80.77 1.28 .OO 17.95 27 23.08 11.54 58.97 6.41 28 34.62 11.54 46.15 7069 29 23.¢8 16.67 55.13 3O 21.79 17.95 55.13 31 24.36 11.54 58.97 32 41.03 16.67 34.62 7.69 33 52.56 3.85 33.33 10.26 34 6.41 17.95 70.51 131 ‘w—Qur h—u‘ . 4 . v . .— o.- . ft . r ..-'-.v . .fis. . o t -~.—.v ._..-fi. v . 2 g I: r , .- ...—- —..—~ I . . - 3’.. r h.., .o n - ..-.. .._ . u 9“ .r-o 132 I QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUT I NELY NO RESPONSE '35 21.79 67.95 SO‘IB 36 30.77 14.1O 46.15 8.97 37 8.97 15.33 71.79 3.85 38 24.36 14.1O 58.77 2.56 39 58.97 19.23 14.1O 7.69 20.51 35.9O 38.46 5.13 41 55.13 23.08 12.82 8.97 42 23.08 19.23 55;13 2:56 43 38.46 30.77 24.36 6.41 44 19.23 14.1O 6.41 45 35.9O 11.54 46.15 6.41 46 69.23 5.13 16.67 .r<.o 7.....- BIC Elvf .mw. . ,,_, .n_r, .._.1 l l l NO QUESTION NEVER SOMETIMES l ROUTINELY I RESPONSE l I l 47 58.97 21.79 I 11.54 I 7.69 I I l 1 48 82.05 6.41 I 3.85 I 7.69 I I I I 49 .OO 11.54 I 88.46 l .OO 1 I l I SO 7.69 2.56 l 88.46 I 1.28 I . I I I 51 16.67 19.23 I 61.54 I 2.56 I I I I 52 16.67 10.26 I 70.51 I 2:56 I I l 7_ I 53 28.21 2O.51 I 48.72 I 2.56 I I I I 54 46.15 20;51 I 25.64 I 7:69 I 7— I 55 85.9O 3.85 I 2.56 I 7.69 I I 56 7.69 14.1O I 76.92 I 1.28 I I 1 I ‘— 57 17.95 11.54 I 66.67 I 3.85 I I 58 24.36 14.1O I 57.69 I 3.85 133 .... , . . ~ ~ . . . a .w..‘..-. 5 -.._a - .,_4 M -4 r—"'» H». A o ...7 I 0 O — . . I I ,, r--- n ,-y: _ 1 . 7 h I O , IN..- C r~. O 5.. . x O .1. C 0 .74.. r.. .I-ri- . .4. r» .- F~. I ~ v >of .. -. ._.. 4 . .r ~ ”vv. —.- vo»v~ . ~ » - §~ -.‘~v.. I—‘n-‘rvh—un' ‘r I-‘~ « ~o—"--vw .. .6..- . ..._.«- ‘ -. . DOV-‘0 ..-I. «s . .9 9'. __‘___. ‘_., - w..- v'..uw‘-‘ "-u. 4.. ,0 r .. 4-7 .hpw 134 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I ‘ 59 I 34.62 I 26.51 I 41.63 I 3.85 I I I I 66 I 48.72 I 15.38 I 29.49 I 6.41 I I I I I I I I 61 I 42.31 I 21.79 I 29.49 I 6.41 I I I I I I I I 62 I 26.92 I 17.95 I 56.66 I 5.13 I ' I I I I I 63 I 56.66 I 15.38 I 28.21 I 6.41 I I I I I I 'l I 64 I 65.38 I 7.69 I 26.51 I 6.41 I I I I I I I I 65 I 74.36 I 8.97 I 16.26 I 6.41 I I I I I l I I 66 I 74.36 I 3.85 I 14.16 I 7.69 I I I l I l I I 67 I 67.95 I 5.13 I 19.23 I 7.69 I I l I I I I I 68 I 79.49 I 5.13 l 6.41 I 8.97 I I I I I I I I 69 l 52.56 I 6.41 I 35.96 I 5.13 I I I I I 76 I 47.44 I 16.26 I 37.18 I 5.13 ~— . ._..~ . o.. n - v » o . _,_‘___.,_, 4. O .. ....r O . . o . . .. O . . O t O . ._4.... ‘,,,,_, .. .2. .. .(!.‘P—-fi—-y.. ...v - r . Pa . .——-. -—"r ~ 1 u 2 r ‘- o u . 1 ~ - .,4 _ v...— .I 1 wt . «V . 7 ar , ,._--—o‘— . . .7. o .. 4. 4; v‘ u... ,--‘ ... v . . <. . . . 7 ,— . .2“. W -— QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE 71 37.18 17.95 39.74 5gl3 72 73 41;¢3 35.9O 19.23 17.95 34.62 #1.¢3 5.13 5.13 7h 8h.62 3.85 3.85 7.69 75 62.82 6.41 25.6h 76 73.¢8 8.97 11.5h 6.41 77 69.23 5.13 19.23 6.hl 78 83.33 5:13 3.85 7.69 79 91;¢3 .OO .OO 8O 89.7h .OO 1.28 8.97 81 8¢.77 3.35 7069 7.69 82 91.¢3 .OO .OO 8.97 135 tho-E, .-.. . . . r r n;-..... o—.-' ,- ,_ u... c ( —~y . w. ’ I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONS E 83 33.33 23.08 39.74 3.85 86 85 86 53.85 26.92 25.64 11.56 7.69 6.41 29.89 66.26 66.18 5.13 5.13 3.85 87 88 89 53.85 61.54' 33.33 12.82 10.26 ~———. 6.h1 26.92 21.79 55.13 6.41 6.61 5.13 99 32.85 7.69 55.13 5.13 91 47.44 7.69 38.h6 6.h1 92 38.66 16.67 37.78 5.13 93 h8.72 8.97 3h.62 7.69 94 71.79 6.61 15.38 6.41 136 _.—.‘. .61... - I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I l I 95 l 65.38 I 6.41 I 21.79 I 6.41 I I I I I I I I 96 I 57.69 I 2.56 I 33.33 I 6.81 I I I I I I I I 97 I 77.49 I 3.85 I 7.69 I 8.97 I I I I I l 98 I 82.65 I 1.28 I 7.69 I 8.97 I I I I I I I 99 I 8.97 I 23.68 I 64.16 I 3.85 I I I I l I I I 166 I 29.89 I 16.67 I 48.72 I 5.13 I 137 i_..-; .7 APPENDIX E Responses to Questions 1-100 As Answered by Individuals Classified as Medical Assistants 138 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOQ ANSWERED BY CLASSIFIED AS MEDICAL ASSISTANTS AS INDIVIDUALS —_ I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I 7' I I I 1 I 36 7 I 3 I 8 I I I I I I 2 I 36 5 I 1 I 12 I I I I I I 3 I 27 7 I 12 I 8 I I I I I I 4 I 26 11 I 17 I 6 I I I I I I 5 1 12 17 I 19 I 6 I I I l I I 6 I 6 s I 41 I 2 I I l I I I 7 I 2 14 I 36 I 2 I I I I I I 8 I 16 13 I 28 I 3 I I I I I I 9 I 16 14 I 26 I 4 I I I I I I 16 I 6 22 I 25 I 1 139 I I I 1 N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I F I I I __ 11 I 13 I II I 26 I 4 I I, I I I I I I 12 I 35 1‘ 16 I 5 I 4 I I I I I I I l 13 I 36 I 12 I 2 I 4 I I 1 I I l I I 14 I 43 I 6 I 6 I 5 I I I I I I I I 15 I ’12 I 7 I I I 1+ l I I I I I I l 16 l 14 I 14 l 18 I 8 I I I I I l I I 17 I 26 I 3 I 12 I 13 I I I I I I I I 18 I 2 I 5 I £15 I 2 I I I I I I I I 19 I 24 I 9 I 17 I 4 I I I I I I I I 26 I 36 I 2 I 4 I 12 ' I I I I I I I I 21 I 3 I 9 I 46 1 2 I I I l I I I I 22 I 2 I 15 I 36 I I I I I I 140 ‘IIIII. II. I. 11' .- I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I 23 I 55 4 I 5 I 14 I I I I I I 24 ' I 64 g I ¢ I I4 I I I I I I 25 I 64 8 I O I 14 I I I I I I 26 I 63 I I ¢ I I4 I I I I I I 27 I 18 9 I 46 I 5 I I I I I I 28 I 27 9 I 36 I 6 I I I I ‘ I I 29 I I8 I3 I 43 I 4 I I I I I I 36 I I7 14 I 43 I 4 I I I I I I 31 I 19 3 I 46 I 4 I I I I I I 32 I 32 I3 I 27 I 6 I I I I I I 33 I 41 3 l 26 l 8 I I I I I I 34 I 5 I4 I 55 I LI .¢.-._.. ,,___> ,Qwu. ‘IIIILI op-» .‘a-’ II .. ..¢ III QUESTION NEVER SOMETIMES ROUTINELY I NO RESPONSE 35 17 53 36 24 11 36 37 12 56 38 19 11 46 39 46 15 11 16 28 36 41 43 18 116 42 18 15 43 43 310 24 19 44 47 15 11 45 28 36 46 54 13 1112 .-—¢- ‘— ‘III -r.. .w-.- Tm-‘. r-—fil ‘1‘! I511. '--;.n ~wp‘“ .- 5-- , ‘II cl“ III .III 3.1: '1'.) r..... ‘UW. -u.v-.. v-u- I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE 47 46 17 48 64 49 69 56 69 51 13 15 48 52 13 55 53 22 16 38 54 36 I6 28 55 67 56 11 57 14 52 58 19 11 45 143 _ ... -.r.._--_.-..——......,y‘.,. . -.._.. .p‘...v I ‘ I I I I y I I 1 . I I I I o I 1 I _ 4 n . 2 r . . »— - —— .. 2.. ,_,.. . -- 2. r r- - 2 . I ‘ I 1 I 1' I I I ' ' I I 1 I . 1 ' I r-» r . . c .r- . — . - - .- 4 - a..— ---. I — - r a -r—. 1 I 1 I I I I ' I I I I ' I ' I 1 . . ,_.. _ .—.. .. .4r. .. ....... . ... .--.... ...... , . .47 -1 . . . .-— .— - . I I 1 I 9 I I I ‘ ‘ I I _ I I I ' 1 I I I a I .n....... . . -...... . . ...~- .. (4..-... . V..-...~..~..u.- .—.., ., .. .v .__.....- . ...,.. I ‘ ‘ 1 I I I I I c v a I . 4 I T I I I I I I -A..... .4 - .. . —- n. - -- - — . - S“... . ., , 2...... . 4- - .., -.. .. .M. ...44. .4 _ .. ~.p-.. 1 I 1 l I I I I ' ‘ I I l . I I I 1 I I '- I I .- , -.. . - . - . - ‘. .r.....-. .. r .. .... 2» 2.. . _ --fi..4.. . -, » ...»-» I I I I I ‘ v ‘ I 1 I I 1 I I I I l A -. r.. -24... .. .. .- u» 4. _. . ... . . _..,,... u . . .7 . .. -..e . . —‘. .. .... I ‘ I j I l I I ‘ 1 I n E ‘ l . I | I A I . .- 6-.. (Kr-«t ...r.r...- . .....-. .... _,.,, . .,.A...... ..,.., ,,...., '_ I. _ - m r.,_. ,., ‘_,,_-,.,.. ‘ I v 1 o I l I I I . I I 7 l 1 v I l t A . L n a r u r 9 o . L., . ‘r . 9' ..... .6 ,. . . ~\. H f-.. - ' I I ' 3 I I I 1 I 1 I I . I I ' ,1 I n A n -4 v-0 9 n a . I q ~2 . h ' ‘II‘--.~\ I'\ ._~- . s-n— -. I s n 1 -‘fiI—l I I I 1 N0 QUESTION 1 NEVER SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY 1 RESPONSE 1 I I 1 59 1 27 16 I 32 I 3 l I 1 1 I I 66 I 38 12 1 23 I 5 I I I 1 1 I 61 1 33 17 I 23 I 5 I I I I I I 62 1 21 14 1 39 1 u I I I I I 1 63 I 39 12 1 22 1 5 1 l 1 1 I 1 6h 1 s1 6 1 16 1 5 l l l l I l 65 I 58 7 1 8 1 5 1 1 1 l I I 66 I 58 3 I 11 1 6 l l 1 1 1 1 67 l 53 u 1 15 1 6 1 l 1 l I I 68 l 62 11 I S l 7 l I 1 1 I 1 69 1 61 5 1 28 1 4 l I 1 I I 1 716 I 37 8 I 29 1 L1 ._ -. p. . , .7 « ‘ I. k - , - , V7. .. -7 IIIllIlItj 1| I I ‘9 I I I I N0 QUESTION: NEVER : SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I II I 2 l 5 I 7 I I I I I I I I I I 12 I 9 I 3 I E I 3 I I I I I I I I I3 I II I I I I0 I 3 I I I I | I I I 11+ I II!) I 2 I 0 I 3 I I I I I I I I IS I II I I I ¢ I 3 I I I l I I I I I6 I I+ I 3 I 1+ I 1+ I I I I I I I I I7 I 1+ I 2 I 4 I 5 I I I I I I I I 18 I I I 2 I II I I I I I I I I I I I9 I 1+ I 3 I 6 I 2 I I I I I I I I 29) I 8 I 0 I 2 I 5 I I I I I I I I 21 I I0 I 1+ I W I I I I l I I I I I 22 l I I 3 I II I ¢ I I I I III III I; III]. III: II I. III-[III .IIIII .. III IJII \II III III III.‘ lIIaIIIJ‘IIII II, I II, II I I I III .II. .III) III. III... III '5 VII III-Ill I IIII‘ I III IIIIAIII IIIIII ‘Ill IIIIIII. I I III III. III II II I I l NO QUESTION I NEVER ' SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY l RESPONSE I I I I I I 23 I 9 2 I O I LI I I I l I I 21+ I 11 O I O I 1+ I I I I I l 25 I 11 O l O l 1+ I I I I I I 26 I 11 O I O I 1+ I I I I I I 27 I 1+ 2 l 8 I 1 I I I . I I I 28 I LI 3 l 7 I I I I I l I I 29 I 2 3 I 1O I O I I I I I I 3O I 2 1+ I 9 I O I I I I I I 31 I 3 3 I 9 I O I I I I ’ I I 32 I 5 2 I 6 I 2 I I I I I I 33 I 6 O I 7 I 2 I I I I I I 31+ : O 6 : 9 : O 201 In! IIIII III II V T i 'I.ul ‘I II I I I NO QUESTION NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I 35 O l 7 I 7 I I I I I I I I 36 2 I S I 7 I I I I I I I I 37 O I 1+ I II I O I I I I I I 38 O I LI I II‘ I O I I I I I I 39 IO I I I 2 I 2 I I I I I I LIO I I 7 I 7 ‘I O I I I I I I LI] 8 I 1+ I I I 2 I I I I I I 62 1+ I 3 I 8 I O I I I I I I 43 5 I 1+ I 5 I I I I I I I I 1+6 9 I 1+ I I I I I I I I I I 45 6 I O I 8 I I I I I I I I LI6 I2 I O I I I 2 I I I 202 III! I II. . w . A 2 . III: . , .._._.- r...” - -- v—r,.. I I I I N0 QUESTION I TNEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I LI7 I 7 I 5 I 2 I I I I I I I I I I LI8 I 12 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 69 I O I 3 I 12 I O I I I I I I I I SO I O I 2 I I3 I O I I I I I I I I SI I I I 3 I II I O I I I I I I I I 52 I 2 I 2 I II I O I I I I I I I I 53 I II I 5 I 6 I O I I I I I I I I 51+ I 7 I 3 I LI I I I _ I I I I I I I 55 l 13 l O I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 56 I O I 3 I II I I I I I I I I I I 57 I O l 3 I 12 I O ‘ I I I I I I I I 58 I I I 2 I 12 I O I I I I 203 '7' [I I I. Ilil IIIUII. ,2 1‘ ‘II II CI ‘F'. \ VIII \IA I . ‘III III 0" II) II. 'II ‘IJ III) III I'll III] \rII OIIII II III! II II. III II. I I II I ‘l' ‘I I: I I [II 1‘. 1 III III Illa ‘IIII II.‘ III I II I ‘ I. .III ! Ill ‘ I. [III III; .IIII Ill! 12 I I I I I '1‘]! 'IIII‘IIII 20h I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 59 I 3 I 3 I 9 I O I I I I I I I I 6O I 5 I 3 I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 61 I 3 I 5 I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 62 I 2 I 1+ I 9 I O I I I I I I I I 63 I 5 I 2 I 8 I O I I I I I I I I 64 I IO I 2 I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 65 I II I 2 I I I I I I I I I I I I 66 I II I I I I I 2 . I I I I I I I I 67 I IO I I I 3 I I I I I I I I I I 68 I 12 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 69 I 7 I I I 7 I O I I I I I I I I 7O I 6 I I I 8 I O III} '1‘ l i IIII.II|I ‘Vl ‘I: VIII! .v~o 1. It... I I I | NO QUESTION NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I l 71 2 1 LI I 9 I O I I I l I I 72 3 I S I 7 I O I I I I I I 73 3 I 3 l 9 I O I I I I I I 71+ II I 13 I 1 I O I I I I I I 75 8 I 2 I 5 I O I I I I I I 76 IO I 3 I I I I I I I I I I 77 II I O I 3 I I I I I I I I 78 13 I O I 2 I O I I I I I I 79 11+ I I0 I I0 I I I I I I I I 8O 13 1 In I I I I I I I I I I 81 12 I I l 1 I 1 I I I I I I 82 III I O I O I I I I I ‘ 205 I 1 I I I IIIII I III III! OII III I III. 11111 II. II I II I I II I; I III III: III I II II I III: I I I I) I I. I III: I I . I VIII! 1“ III, III II II III C II VIII 1 III III! VIII clI I II II III. I I. III: ‘III III. III III III: I I IIIIIII II II-a‘IIIIII III III I») I I I N0 QUESTION I NtVtR SUMtTIMtS I RUUTINtLY I RtSPUNSE I I I I I I 63 I 2 3 I W I O l I I I I 1 I I 81+ I 6 I I 8 I O I I I I I I 85 l I 2 I 12 I I0 I I I . _ l I I Oh I 1 2 I 12 I I0 I I I I I I 87 I b 2 I 7 I I0 I I I I I I 68 1 1O 1 I LI 1 I0 I l I . I I I 89 I 1+ 2 I 9 I I0 I I I I I I 9O 1 3 3 I '9 I I0 I I I I I I 91 I 5 3 I 7 I O I I I I I I 92 I LI 2 l 9 I O I I l I I I 93 I 7 I l 7 I O I I I I I I 9“ l 9 2 I 1-I I O I I I 206 II, III III III 'I II I . III! I III II. 'II‘ III II. I III II IIIII III: III] III: I II] III! III I. '1‘ I II \‘II It]! lII’IIIO.‘ "Ill‘lloll III ‘II II... ‘I"‘|| ’III III! .III 'II I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 95 I IO I I 3 I I I I I I I I 96 I 7 I I 6 I I I I I I I I . 97 l I I O I 3 I I I I I I I I 98 I III O I O I I I I I I I I 99 I O 1+ I II I O I I I I I I IOO I 3 3 l 9 I O 20? a u... -‘. .—‘. . o A ,7 II I II .I.- III II. . , r . . . . I. .I. .-I..}Io _ _ . V . .I.I ...IIIIIII . 3 . .. APPENDIX L Responses to Questions 1—100 (Per Cent) As Answered ty Individuals From a Tito-Physician Office 208 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IQQ (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS FROM A TWO-PHYSICIAN OFFICE l l 1 N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY RESPONSE _ I I I I I 66.67 I 13.33 I 6.67 33.33 I I I I 2 I 53.33 I .66 I .66 66.67 I I I 3 I 26.66 I 13.33 I 33.33 33.33 I I I u I 46.66 I 6.67 I 26.67 26.67 I I I I I I 5 I 33.33 I 26.66 I 26.66 26.67 I I I 6 I 6.67 I 13.33 I 66.67 13.33 ‘I I I 7 I .66 I 66.66 I 46.67 13.33 I l I '8 I 26.67 I 26.67 I 26.67 26.66 I 1 I l I I 9 I 46.66 I 26.66 I 26.66 26.66 I I I 16 I 6. 67 I 53.33 I 33.33 6. 67 209 N0 QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I l I 11 I 13.33 33.33 I #6.67 I 6.67 I T“ I I 12 I 66.66 26.66 I .66 I 20.66 I I I I3 I 73.33 6.67 I .66 I 26.66 I I l 1% I 66.67 13.33 I .66 I 26.66 I I I IS I 73.33 6.67 I .66 I 20.66 I I I 16 I 26.67 26.66 I 26.67 I 26.67 I l . I - I l I 17 I 26.67 13.33 I 26.67 I 33.33 I I I 18 I 6.67 13.33 I 73.33 I 6.67 I l I I9 I 26.67 26.60 I 46.66 I 13.33 I I l 26 I 53.33 .66 I 13.33 I 33.33 I l I 21 l .66 26.67 I 66.67 I 6.67 I . I I l 22 l 6.67 26.66 I 73.33 I .66 III III III \IIIIII III-III I I I I. III III III III IIIIII III II I III II II III III) IIII‘II III III. IIOI III.III IIII III I II rIITIII II III II III ‘II I I III] III III! II III‘III III III I.» l l I NO QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES l ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I l I 23 I 66.66 13.33 I .66 I 26.67 I I I 24 I 73.33 .66 I .66 I 26.67 I l l 25 I 73.33 .66 I .66 I 26.67 I l l 26 I 73.33 .66 I .66_ I 26.67 _ I I I 27 I 26.67 13.33 I 53.33 I 6.67 I I I 28 l 26.67 26.66 I 166.67 I 6.67 I - l . l . I l I 29 I 13.33 26.66 I 66.67 I .66 l l I 36 I 13.33 26.67 I 66.66 I .66 I l I 31 I 26.66 26.66 I 66.66 I .66 I I I 32 I 33.33 13.33 I 66.66 I 13.33 I I I 33 I 46.66 .66 I 66.67 I 13.33 I l I 3“ I .093 “0.00 I 6¢.¢9 I .OO 211 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTI NELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 35 I .66 I 46. 67 I 46.67 I 6. 67 I I I I 36 I 13.33 I 33.33 I 46.67 I 6.67 I I I I 37 I .OO I 26.67 I 73.33 I .OO I I I I I I I I 38 I .OO I 25.67 I 73.33 I .OO I l I I I I I I 39 I 66.67 I 6.67 I 13.33 I 13.33 I I I I L16 I 6. 67 I L16. 67 l 116.67 I .OO I . I - I - I - I I I I 41 I 53.33 I 26.67 I 6.67 I 13.33 ‘ I - I I . l - I I I I #2 I 26:67 I 20.9% I 53.33 I .OO I ' l. I l 43 I 33.33 I 26.57 I 33.33 I 6.67 I I I I U4 I 6¢;¢¢ I 26.67 | 6.67 I 6.67 I I I I I I I I 45 I 4¢.¢O I .OO I 53.33 I 6.67 I I I I #6 I 8¢.¢O I .OO I 6.57 I 13.33 212 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I ' I E— I I I 47 I 46.67 I 33.33 ,I 13;33 I 6.67 I I I I 48 _I 8¢.¢¢ I 6.67 I 6.67 I 6&67 I I ,I I I I I I 49 I .¢¢ I 2¢.¢¢ I 8¢.¢¢ I .mm I I I I sm I .wm I I3;33 I 86.67 I .wm I I I I I I I I 51 I 6.67 I 2¢.¢m I 73.33 I .wm I I I I I I I I 52 I 13;33 I 13g33 I 73;33 I .¢¢ I I I I 53 I 26.67 I 33;33 I h¢.¢¢ I .¢¢ I I I I 54 I 46.67 I 2¢;¢¢ I 26;67 I 6;67 I I I I 55 I 86.67 I .¢¢ I ;¢¢ I 13.33 I I I I n I I I I 56 I gmw I 2¢.¢¢ I 73433 I 6.67 I I I I 57 I .¢¢ I 2¢.00 I 8%.0fl I .fifl I I I I 58 I 6.67 I 13.33 I 8¢.¢¢ I I¢¢ 213 III I‘. Q I I,I§IIOII III IIVII IIIIIII III‘II‘III IIII I‘III‘I IIIIJI IIIII‘ I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ‘ I I I I I I I I 59 I 2¢.OO I 2¢.OO I 6¢.OO I .OO I’ I I I 6% I 33.33 I 2¢.¢¢ I #¢.¢¢ I 6.67 I I I I 61 I 2¢.OO I 33.33 I 4¢.¢0 I 6.67 I I I I 62 I 13.33 I 26.67 I 6¢.OO I .¢¢ I I I I 63 I 33.33 I 13.33 I 53.33 I .OO I I I I 6h I 66.67 I 13.33 I 13.33 I 6667 I I I I 65 I 73.33 I 13;33 I 6.67 I 6.67 I I - I - I _ I I I I 66 I 73‘33 I 6S67 I 6.67 I 13.33 I I I I I I I I 67 I 66.67 I 6.67 I 20.¢¢ I 6.67 I I I ‘I 68 I 8¢.¢¢ I .¢0 I 13;33 I 6.67 I I I I I I I I 69 I hb.67 I 6.67 I hb.b7 I .OO I I I I I I I I 7w I hw.ww I 6.67 I 53;33 I .OO 21h III III II III I II. ul 1 II I I,‘ II III I I. III IIQIII II III I III-III III II III IIIII ‘II III I}: . I I 3.5 II III I.‘ III-III] I: 'I I... I!!! II III I I.Il II“ III III III I I III II) III I .I III III] ,I'III QUESTION l 71 NtVtR I3;33 SOMETIMES 26567 ROUTINtLY 6w.ww NO RtsPuNSt .OO 72 20;Wfl -33;33 #6567 ;MM 73 20.”@ 20.0w 6wgww ;U¢ 74 73.33 20.@W 6,67 5”” 75 53;33 13g33 33g33 .OO 76 66.67 20.0W 6,‘ 67 6,67 77 73g33 .OO 29.wfi b.67 78 66.67 ;9¢ 13333 69” 79 v3g33 gww .ww 6,67 60 86; 67 .IOI0 6.67 6, b7 81 Uw.9w 6,67 6;67 6, 67 62 93.33 .0” .09 6,67 215 II. III I III I. I III II II III! III II III 1.] .I III II IIIloI II IIII IIII III II... III I.‘ III III-III... IIIIII II-IlI IIIII II I I III. III] III .IIIII‘ IIIIAII I I I I NO QUESTION NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I l 83 13.33 I 2¢.¢¢ I 56.67 I .OO l I I 8# h0.¢¢ I 6.67 I 53433 I g¢¢ I I I 85 6.67 I 13.33 I 80.¢¢ I .80 I I I 86 6.67 I 13.33 I 8¢.¢¢ I .89 I I I 87 4¢.¢¢ I 13.33 I “6.67 I .OO I I I 88 66.67 I 6.67 I 26.67 I .OO I - I I I I l 89 26.67 I 13.33 I 6¢.¢¢ I .OO I I I 9O 20.80 I Zflgfifl I 6¢.¢¢ I .OO l l I 91 33.33 I 2¢.¢¢ I 46.57 I .OO l I I 92 26;67 I 13:33 I 6¢.¢¢ I .OO I I | 93 46, 67 I 6.67 I 46.67 I .‘W I I I 94 60.¢¢ l 13;33 I 26.67 I ;¢¢ 216 I I I I N0 QUESTION NEVER l SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I _ I l l 95 66.‘ 67 I 6. 67 I 29). M I 6. 67 — l I I 96 h6.57 I 6.67 I 4¢;¢¢ I 6:67 I I I 97 73.33 I ;¢¢ I 2¢.¢¢ I 6.67 I I I 98 93g33 I .OO I .OO I 6567 I I l 99 SOO I 26.67 I 73.33 I .OO I I l IOO 20.¢¢ I 29.60 l I 60.¢¢ .OO 217 III: III \III; I J III I APPENDIX M Responses to Questions 19100 As Answered by Individuals From a 3-h Physician Office 218 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOW AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS FROM A 3-4 PHYSICIAN OFFICE I I l NO I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I 6 I 3 I 0 I w I I I I I I I I 2 I 6 I I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 3 I 3 I I I 4 I I I I I I , I I I I . II I 2 I 2 I S (a I I I I I I I I 5 I 4 I 2 I 2 I I I I I I I I l I 6 I I I 2 I 6 I O I I I I I I I I 7 I I I 2 I 6 I g I I I l I I I I 8 I 3 I 2 S I w I I I I I I I I 9 l 2 I 2 I 4 I I I I l I I I I I IO I 2 I 3 I 4 I O ‘II III \I l i III ! II III III I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I _ I I I II I 1+ 2 I 3 I O I I I I I I 12 I 5 1+ I O I O I I I I I I I3 I 5 II I O I O I I I I I I HI I 7 2 I O I O I I I I I I IS I 7 2 I I?) I 0 I I I I I I I6 I 2 2 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I7 I 2 0 I 5 I 2 I I I I I I I8 I O- I I 8 I O I I I I I I I9 I 2 3 I 1+ I O I I I I I I 2O I 6 O I I I 2 I I I I I I 21 I O I I 8 I O I I I I I I 22 I I 2 I 6 I O 220 IIIIII III] II IIII o o . IIIIIIII? v IIII IIII ; III II III I II. II II V IIIIIIIIA IIII I III | I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 23 I 3 I 2 I I I 3 I I I I l I I I 21+ I 6 I I?) I O l 3 I l I I l l I l 25 l 6 l O I O I 3 I . I I l I I I l 26 I 6 I 0 I 0 I 3 I I l l I ° l I I 27 I I I 2 I 6 I 0 I I I _ l I , I l l 28 I 1+ I I I 3 I I l ‘ I I I l I l 29 I I I 2 l 6 I D l I I I I I I I 3% I 2 I I I 6 I O l l I I I I ' I I 31 I 3 I 0 l 6 I 0 I I I I I I I , I 32 I 2 I 2 I 5 I O I I I I I I I I 33 I 5 I 0 I 3 I I | I I l I l I I 31+ I I I 2 I 6 I I3 I I I I 221 III I I (II IAIID. I331 II II II IIIAI. III I I ‘I . I I v I. III! I III IIDQIIIII II III. I: III: I III «III II III II. III. I I I NO QUESTION : NEVER SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I l I I 35 I I 2 I 6 | 0 I I I I l I 36 I I I I S I 2 I I I I I I 37 I I 3 I 1+ I I I I I I I I 38 I 3 2 l LI I (D I I l I I I 39 I 2 z+ l 2 I I I I I I l I 1M I I 7 I O I I I I I I I I M I 2 1+ I 2 I I I I I I I I 1+2 I 2 3 I 1+ I O l I | I I I 43 | LI 1 I LI I (a . I I I I l I LII-I- I 5 1+ I I?) I O I I I I I I #5 I LI 0 I 5 I O I I I I I I 1+6 I 6 O I 2 l I 222 I I III II uIIIII) _ , IIIIIII III III _ . . w ‘ ‘l .I III I! I IIIIII. II II II II II I I .IIIIII I III II II I II II I I. II .I I I I8 II III III II I I I II III. III. I II II OI II I I I I III: III II II I III. —_...__ I ‘ l I I NO QUESTION I NEVER l SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY l RESPONSE I l I I I I I I — LI7 I 1+ I 3 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 48 I 7 I 1 I O I I I I I I I l I I _ LI9 I O I 3 I 6 I O I l' I I l I I I SO I 2 I O I 7 I O I I I I , I I I I 51 I 2 I 2 I 5 I O I I I I I I I I 52 I 2 I 2 I 5 I O I I I I I I I I 53 I 3 I 2 I LI I O I I I I I I I I SLI I I I 3 I LI I I I I I I I I I I 55 I 7 I I I O I I I I I I I I I I 56 I O I 2 I 7 I O I I I l I I I I 57 I 2 I 2 I 4 I 1 I I I I I I l I 58 I 3 I 2 I 3 I I I I I I 223 II...‘ III. I I! I IIVI IIIII‘I I .5: VII VI ‘I I III III! II III IYIII ‘I I) |Il ,I I I I I II) I II I. I II'»III IIIIIII IIII‘IIJ I NU I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 53 I 5 I 2 I I I I I I I I { I I I I 60 I S l 2 I w I 2 I I I I I I I I 61 I 6 I 1 I I0 I 2 I I I I I I I I 62 I 5 I I I 2 I I I I I I - I I I I 63 I b I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 66 I 6 I w I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 65 I b I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 66 I 7 I I I II I I I I I I I I I I 67 I 6 I II I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 68 I 6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 69 I 7 I II I I I I I I I I I I I I 70 I 5 I I I 2 I I I I I I 22h I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 71 I S I I I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 72 I 6 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 73 I 5 I I I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 71+ I 8 I O I O I I I I I I I I I I 75 I - 7 l O I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 76 I 7 I O I I I I I I I I I I I I 77 I 6 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 78 I 8 I O I O I I I I I I I I I I 79 I 8 I O I O l I I I I I I I I I 89) I 8 I O l O I I I I I I I I I I 81 I 8 I O I O I I I I I I I I I I 82 I 8 I O I O I I I I I I 225 'III 1 I 1 I I: 'II' III ‘II! 'II‘ I 226 I I I I NO QUESTION : NEVER : SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I i I I 83 I 6 I O I 2 I I I I I __ I I . I I I I 81+ l 7 I I I O I I I I I I I I l I 85 I 3 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 86 I 3 I 2 I 3 I I I I I I I I I I 87 I 7 I I I O I I I . I I I I ' I I I 88 I 7 .I I I O I I I I l l I I I I 89 I 6 l O I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 9O I 6 I O I 2 l I I I I I I I I I 91 I 7 I O I I I I l I I I | I I I 92 I 6 I 2 I O I I I I I I I I I I 93 I 7 I O I I I I I I I I I I I l 91+ I 8 I O - I O l I I I I I II II I I I I I II I III I II IIII‘ II III II III III. I,IIIII IIIIVII III III III I III III I II I I I .I I 'I I II III I . I) II III. I .II I III III III I I I \I I II III III III II I III I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER l SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I l 95 I 7 I 0 I 1 I I l I I I I I I I 96 I 7 I 95 I 1 l 1 I I I I I I I 97 l 7 I w I I I I l l I I I l l I 98 I 7 I (a I I I I I I I l I l I I 99 I I?) I L I 1+ ! 1 I I I I I I I I now I II I 2 I 2 I I 227 APPENDIX N Responses to Questions l—lOO (Per Cent) As Answered by Individuals From a 3-h Physician Office 228 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS FROM A 3-# PHYSICIAN OFFICE I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 66.67 I 33.33 I .W l .W I I I I I I I I 2 I 66.67 I 11.11 I .OO I 22.22 I I I I I I I I 3' I 33.33 I II.1I I 1114.114 I 11.11 I I I I I I I I u I 22.22 I .22.22 I 55.56 I .OO I I I I I I I I 5 I 44.44 I 22.22 I 22.22 I 11.11 I I I I I I I I 6 I 11.11 I 22.22 I 66.67 I .OO I I I I I I I I 7 I 11.11 I 22.22 I 66.67 I .OO I I I I I I I I 8 I 33.33 I 22.22 I “#14 I .W I I I I I I I I 9 I 22.22 I 22.22 I u4.44 I 11.11 I I I I I I l 1O 22.22 1 33.33 1 44.44 I .OO 229 'II II III DIII Y ‘ I.IIIII'\J III III 0 II In ' IlaI I.‘ I III III. III! III. III ‘1 1| ‘ III! III I I] III. C II III] I I l I 1 NO’ QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY l RESPONSE I I I I I I I 1 11 I 44.44 I 22.22 1 33.33 I .88 I _# I 1 I 1 I I I ‘ 12 1 55.56 I 44.44 I .88 I .88 I I I I I I I l 13 I 55.56 I 44.A4 I .88 I .88 I I l I 14 I 77.78 I 22.22 I .88 I .88 1 I I I I l 1 I 15 I 77.78 I 22.22 I .88 I‘ .88 __ I I 1 I 16 1 22.22 I 22.22 I 33.33 I 22.22 1 I I I I I I I 17 I 22.22 I .88 I 55.56 I 22.22 I l I I I I I I 18 1 .OO 1 11.11 I 88.89 1 .88 I I 1 I I I l I 19 I 22.22 I 33.33 I 44.44 I .88 I I I I I I I I 28 I 66.67 l .88 I 11.11 I 22.22 I I I I I I I l 21 I .08 1 11.11 I 88.89 I .88 I I I I 1 I 1 A I 22 I 11.11 I 22.22 I 66.67 I .88 230 I. II .III . 1 .f .l III III. ‘I I IITIIOII ‘I‘IJII .I III III III II: III. 0 VIII-III I VIIIVIII .W I I11‘ I I 1 II C I .II I I III! III IIOIIIVIII .III II I U I I. I. II) C I I . ‘II‘IIITII I)‘IIII III: II III. QUESTION I I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY l RESPONSE N0 2A 33.33 66.67 22.22 .OO II.II .00 33.33 33.33 25 66.67 .OO .OO 33.33 ' 26 27 66.67 II.II .OO 22.22 Dag 66.67 33.33 .OO 28 41+. 1+1; II.II 33.33 II.II 29 II.II 22.22 66.67 .OO 3% 22.22 II.II 66.67 .OO 31 33.33 .OO 66. 67 .OO 32 33 22.22 55.56 22.22 .OO 33.33 3A 11.11 22.22 66.67 231 I.I\III I’IIII IIIIIII IIYIIII IIIIII , IIIIII II.IIIIII 1!. .IIII IIIIIII IIIIII‘IIIJ II IIII .. I . II \.I 1.1 .1 III; III ‘4. I III III. III .III III 232 I I I l NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ~' ' I I I I - .— v————— I 35 11.11 22.22 66.67 1 .OO 1 9 l ‘— - 36 11.11 11.11 55.56 I 22.22 I I 37 11.11 33.33 44.44 I 11.11 I l 38 33.33 22.22 1111.44 I .89) I I 39 22.22 44.44 22.22 I 11.11 I I 48 11.11 77.78 .88 1 11.11 1 E— I 41 22.22 44.44 22.22 I 11.11 1 I 42 22.22 33.33 44.44 I .OO l I 43 44.44 11.11 44.44 I .OO 1 1 44 55.56 44.4A .88 I .88 l 45 4A.44 .88 55.56 I .88 1 46 66.67 .OO 22.22 I II.II ‘ 1. III II ‘III II III VIII.II ‘IIIIII. III C .IIIIIIII I V II VI 0 I. II I ‘ I'IIII III] I IA VII ‘IlIIl‘II ‘II I III III," II III III III III III II ‘IIIIIA all! It‘ll-I14 I I 1 I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I l I — I 1' I 1 47 I 44.44 I 33.33 I II.II I 11.11 I 1 I _ I _ l I I 48 I 77.78 I 11.11 1 .80 I 11.11 I I 1 I l I I I 49 1 .88 I 33.33 I 66.67 l .88 I l I 1 l I I I 58 I 22.22 I .88 I 77.78 I .00 I I I l 1 I I I SI I 22.22 I 22.22 I 55.56 I .88 1 I I I I ' I I 1 52 I 22.22 I 22.22 I 55.56 I .88 1 I I 1 I I - 1 1 53 I 33.33 I 22. 22 I 44. 111+ I .89) I I I I ‘ . I I I I 54 I 11.11 I 33.33 I 44.44 1 11.11 I I l l I I l l 55 I 77.78 I 11.11 I .80 I 11.11 I I l 1 I l I 1 56 I .895 I 22.22 I 77.78 I .88 I I l l I I I 1 57 I 22.22 I 22.22 I 44.44 I 11.11 1 1 I l l I | I 58 l 33.33 I 22.22 I 33.33 I 11.11 233 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE l I I l I I l I 59 I 55.56 I 22.22 I 11.11 I 11.11 I I I I I l I I 68 I 55.56 I 22.22 I .88 I 22.22 I l I I I, I l l 61 I 66.67 I 11.11 I .00 I 22.22 1| l I I I I I l 62 l 55.56 I 11.11 I 22.22 I 11.11 I I I I I l I I 63 I 66.67 I 11.11 I 11.11 I II.II I I I I l l I I 64 I 66.67 I .88 I 22.22 I 11.11 I l l I I I I l 65 I 66.67 I 11.11 I 11.11 I 11.11 I I I I I I I I 66 I 77.78 I II.II I .88 I II.II I I I I I _ I I I 67 | 66.67 I .08 I 22.22 I II.II l I I I I I l I 68 | 66.67 I II.II I II.II l II.II I I I I I I I I 63 I 77.78 I .88 I II.II I 11.11 I I I I l . I I I 70 I 55.56 I II.II I 22.22 I 11.11 234 QUESTION I NEVtR SOMETIMES RUUTINtLY NO RESPONSE ‘ 71 72 55.56 . 66,67 II.II .Ufi 22,22 22,22 II.II II.II 73 55.56 11.11 22522 II.II 7% 75 88,63 .0” .flW II.II 77.76 .MW II.II ’II.II 76. 77.78 .Efl II.II II.II 77 78 66.67 88.89 .fifl .fifl 22.22 .flfl II.II II.II 79 8% 88.89 .¢¢ .flfl II.II 88.89 .¢¢ .¢¢ II.II 81 88.89 .¢¢ .flfl II.II 82 88.89 .¢¢ .¢¢ II.II 23S ‘ I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I — I I I 83 I 66,67 .88 I 22.22 I II.II I I I I I I 84 I 77.78 II.II I .88 I II.II I I .A I 85 I 33.33 33.33 I 22.22 I II.II I = I I 86 I 33.33 22.22 I 33.33 I II.II I I I I 87 I 77.78 II.II I .88 I II.II I I I , — I ‘I . _—*I __ 88 I 77.78 II.II I .OO I II.II I I I I I 2— I 89 I 66.67 .88 I 22.22 I II.II I I I 2— I I I 9C3 I 66. 67 .W) I 22.22 I 11. H I ' I I I I I 91 I 77.78 .88 I II.II I II.II I I _w I I 92 I 66.67 22.22 I .88 I II.II I I I I I I 93 I 77.78 .9”) I 11.11 I 11.11 I I I 91+ I 88.89 .OO I .¢¢ I H.” 236 VIIIIIIIII .III ‘1! \l».II nl,‘ I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 95 I 77.78 I .OO I II.II I II.II I I I . I I I I I 96 I 77.78 I .88 I II.II I II.II I I I I I I I I 97 I 77.78 I .08 I II.II I II.II ' I I I I I I 98 I 77.78 I .88 I II.II I II.II I I I I2_ 2* w I I 99 I .¢¢ I 4h.hh I 84.4% I II.II I I I I I I IOO I 48.64 I 22.22 I 22.22 I II.II 237 APPENDIX 0 Responses to Questions 1-100 As Answered by Individuals From a 5-6 Physician Office 238 A SURVEY UI THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS QUESTION RESPONSES TU QUESTIONS I-Iww ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS FROM A 5-6 PHYSICIAN OFFICE NEVER AS SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE II IO . I . . E I E w . _ _ ,,S,. . a IIII 5? I — I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY RESPONSE I I I I I I II I 7 I I I 3 2 I I I I I I 12 I 9 I 2 I O 2 I I I I I I 13 I 9 I 2 I O 2 I I I I I I ILI I IO I I I O 2 I I I I I I IS I 9 I I I O 3 I I I I I I I6 I 1+ I 3 I LI 2 I I I I I I I7 I 3 I I I 7 2 I I I I I I 18 I O I 3 I IO O I I I I I I 19 I 2 I 7 I 1+ O I I I I I I 2O I IO I 2 I O I I I I I I I 21 I I I 2 I IO O I I I I I I 22 I LI I 5 I 3 I I I I 2h0 I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I l 23 I 12 O I O I I I I l I I I 21+ I II O I O I 2 I I I I I I - 25 I II O I O I 2 I I I I I I 26 I II O I O I 7- I I I I I I 27 I 9 O I 2 I 2 I I I I I I 28 I IO I I O I 2 I I I I I I 29 I IO I I O I 2 I I I I I I 3O I 9 O I 2 I 2 I I I I I I 31 I 8 O I 2 I 3 I I I I I I 32 I 8 I I 2 I 2 I I I I I I 33 I II O I O I 2 I I I I I I 3h I 1+ LI I 3 I 2 I I I 21a 0 III III I) III III _ E _ . III III III. III. 7 I II- II III. III III II I II . IIIII . III III III _ y s III-II III. III II IIIII III II.II III I IIIIII III III I I III I! I I III III-III "II III II. IIIII . «.m"*.<‘- \III‘III) olA .IIIIO O.I III-II II.IIIOIIIII II OIII III) I ‘5‘ III II I III I .l I I I I.) III I! . III I {III-OI I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I T 35 I 3 I LI I 1+ I 2 I I I I I I I I 36 I IO I I I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 37 I 6 I O I 5 I 2 I I I I I I I I 38 I 9 I I I I I 2 I I I I I I I I 39 I IO I O I I I 2 I .l I I I I I I NO I 8 I 3 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I LII I 9 I I I I I 2 I I I I I I I I LIZ I 8 I O I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I I 1+3 I 7 I 3 I I I 2 I I I I I I I I [III I 8 I I I 2 I 2 I I I I I I I I as I 9 I O I 2 I 2 I I I I I I I I 1+6 I TO I I I O I 2 I I I I 2E2 . ‘ A y t \ III. I I III III III III I VI II I I I] I III II. III] III III I II - I I.) II III III I I III! ‘III- III. {.2 II.II II. I] I E , . I . I . , . w 2 , I . . . . . . . , _ . I a V I . r . . . 4 I. . O . . . . . r r . I . h . . I c _ . N . _ . . p . r E . u 1 1 < I «III I I II. III III- I . II It I- II) III III: III I. . .1 I II. III. I . III II.II III. ‘I III I] III]- \.I|l I p I‘ ‘I0 I‘ll ‘1‘ III I II III lull] . p I . .. . ~ 1 E _ ,. . C , a v a . w r . . w . g o E _ . ‘ 4 . ‘ 4 ‘ a . . ¢ . a . a 9 . . . . 7 _ . ‘ III) III III) VI. 1.} ‘I' III I I 14 ‘I. II II I I x I III III III II.) II III III ill IIII Ill Ell III! III I ‘ E I 1 l I‘ III 1 I III p . . I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES l ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 1+7 I IO I I I O l 2 l I l I I I l I 1+8 I 11 I O I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 49 I O I I I 12 I O I I J l I I I I SO I LI I O I 8 I 1 I I I I I I I I 51 l W l O l 2 I I I I I I I I I I 52 I 8 I O I 1+ I I I I I I I I I I 53 I 8 I O I 1+ I I I I I l I I I I 51+ I 8 I 2 l 2 I I . I I I I I I I I 55 I II I O I 2 l O - I I I I l l I l 56 I S I 2 l 6 l O" I l I I I I I I 57 I 9 I I I I I 2 I l l I I I I I 58 I II I O I O I 2 I I I l 21:3 1 K 1.... II. II III VIII! Ill v|1|¢ II!!! 1'1. 1'11 ‘I‘ III II I 1 VII‘ Vo '1 VII 1:: ltl I 1“.“ l.|I VII vl‘l I Yul l.‘ ‘Ille '! VIJV.1] ll cirllwtb‘lIIo 111.1111 ‘l‘ Vi} I .I...‘ I); I Vvlt 11.0 .I. ‘1 ‘lul I. i I I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMET'MES I ROUTINELY ' RESPONSE I I I I — I I I I 59 I 8 I 3 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 68 I 8 I 3 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 6I I 8 I 3 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 62 I 8 I 3 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 63 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 64 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I ' I I I I 65 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 66 I 8 I 8 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I I 67 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 68 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 69 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I I I 78 I II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I ll ‘3 I III: ‘III I." til I III. .III III ‘II‘ ‘I‘Ij III I 1-11:3} III 2 I II.IHI IRIII h 3.1? II- II III; ...... III || I] ll 2 IIIIII 2 . _ I I: III: Ill. II .I III. I uIIIJ I‘ll] 11‘ VIII I 1") I III] ‘I I. J I VIIO. ‘I‘II II.II]! III ‘1‘ III- 111“]!!- 1'1..ch IIII‘I‘IIIIIIIJ III: III: II.III ‘l. I III ‘.I III. .I I will. \I‘ III Ial‘I‘ J QUESTION 71 NEVER 11 SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE 72 II 73 II 74 11 75 I] 76 11 77 I] 78 11 79 8O 11 11 81 11 82 II 2h5 II... I I I I IIII II II. II II II III I II I I I III. I III I II I I I I A . I II I I II I I III I I, I II I .l I II. I I II II I II I I! II II II.II I.I II III III I III I I I I II I I I II I I I I III II I.I I 'I II I I III II I I; II III I I I I N0 QUESTION NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I 83 II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I 84 II I , 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I 85 II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I 86 II I 8 l 8 I 2 I I I I I I 87 II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I 88 II I 8 I 8 I 2 I I I I I I 89 8 I 8 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I 98 8 I 8 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I 91 8 I 8 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I 92 8 I 8 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I 93 8 I 8 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I 91+ 11 I 8 l 8 I 2 I I I 2&6 III II III I I I III I II III I I I I. III III III VII Ii I IIIIII III III! III I J II I IIIII III III III I II III. II I II III II 6 III. I l I I II III! III II I II.IIIIIII III I I I I I III II I I I III II IIIIIII I III II.II QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE 9S 96 97 ll 98 99 1W IO 2h? APPENDIX P Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent) As Answered hy Individuals From a 5-6 Physician Office 2148 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-HDO AS (PER CENT) ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS FROM A 5-6 PHYSICIAN OFFICE "—- l l I I NO QUESTION : NEVER : SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY : RESPONSE I I l I I I 53.85 : 7.69 : 3¢.77 : 7.69 l l I l 2 l 84.62 I .ww I 7.69 I 7.69 l I l I I I l l 3 l 30.77 I 7.69 I 61.54 l .ww I I I I I l I I u I 38.n6 l 15.38 I A6.15 I .¢¢ I I I I - I I I l 5 I 38.46 : 3¢.77 I 3¢.77 : .wm I l I l 6 I 61.54 I .¢¢ I 23.¢8 l 15.38 I l I l l I I l 7 : 46.15 : 7.69 : 3¢;77 I 15.38 I . I l I I 8 I 69.23 I .ww I 15.38 I 15.38 I l l l . I J I I I 9 I 69.23 I 15.38 I .ww l 15.38 I l I I I l I 10 3w;77 l 36.h6 l 15;36 I 15.38 2119 I I I NO QUESTION NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I II 53.65 I 7.69 I 23.w5 I 15.38 I I I i F— , I I 12 63‘23 I 15.38 I .OO I 15.38 I I I I I I 13 69;23 I 15.35 I .OO I 15.35 I I I 1% 76.32 I 7.63 I .OO I 15.36 I I I I I 15 63.23 I 7.63 I .OO I 23.w5 I I I I I 16 3w.77 l 23.w6 I 3@.77 I 15.38 I I I I 17 23406 I 7.63 I 53.55 I 15.36 I I I Id .OO I 23.05 I 75.32 I .093 I , I I l 19 15;38 I 53.55 I 30;77 I ;0¢ I I I 2O 76.92 I 15.38 I ;¢¢ I 7;69 I I I 21 7.69 I 15.38 I 76.92 I ;¢¢ I I I ' 22 3¢;77 | 380h6 I 23o¢8 I 7.69 250 .IIII II.III II II III II It}! II III III III II.- II‘ II’ II I II II III. III III] II. I '1 III I III} III‘ II Il‘,III I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I 23 I 92.31 I .OO I .OO I 7.69 I I I I I I I I 24 I 84.62 I .OO I ;¢¢ I IS;38 I I I I I I I I 25 I 84;62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I I I I I I 26 I 8h.52 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I l I I I I 27 I 69:23 I .OO I I5.33 I 15538 I I I ' I I w I I \ I 28 I 76592 I 7.69 I ;¢O I 15.38 I I I I I I I I I 29 I 76.92 I 7.69 I .OO I 15.33 I I I I 3% I 69.23 I g¢¢ I 15.38 I 15.38 I I I I I I I I 31 I 6I.5# I .OO I 15.38 I 23;¢8 I I I I I I I I 32 I 61.54 I 7.69 I 15.33 I 15(38 I I I I 33 I 84.62 I .OO I .OO I 15(38 I I I I I I I I 34 I 3¢.77 I 3¢.77 I 23.¢8 I 15.38 251 III III III III I I II II 9 III II I III III III II III III III I I III!- II.IIIII II.II] .IIIJII III‘IIII IIIIIIII J..IIIIIII‘ IIIIIIOQIII III‘II‘III. II.II-III VIOIIIIIII III‘IIIIIIIIJ IIIIIII III! III III III ‘III IIIIQI‘IO III-III) I'll III‘IIIIJ IIITI II 15.38 I I I I No QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I 35 I 23.¢8 I 3¢.77 I 3¢.77 I 15.38 I I I I 36 I 76492 I 7.69 I 4¢¢ I 15.38 I I I I 37 I h6.15 I ;¢¢ I 38:46 I 15;38 I I I I 38 I 69.23 I 7.69 I 7.69 I 15g38 I I I I I I I I 39 I 76.92 I .ma I 7;69 I 15.38 I I I I uw I 61;5h I 23.¢8 I Sea I 15.38 I I I I 41 I 69.23 I 7.69 I 7.69 I 15.38 I I I I 42 I 61.54 I .OO I 23.¢8 I 15.38 I I I I I I I I I I 43 < I 53.85 I 23.38 I 7.69 I 15.38 — I I I F— I W 4h I 61.5# I 7.69 I 15.38 I 15.38 _ I I I I 45 I 69.23 I .¢¢ I 15.38 I 15;38 I I I I 46 I 76.92 I 7.69 I .¢¢ I 252 II III II I I Illl III III I .I .I II II.II II-II! III II III VIIIIII III II.II I. II IIIIIIII.III III II III IIIII III III III III‘III III- II. .I .I.‘ II.II IIIIIIII IIIIIII‘III III-III] ‘lla ‘I III. IIIIIIIII IIIIIII II ‘II‘ III I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I 47 I 76.92 I 7.69 I .OO I 15.38 I I I I I I I I 48 I 84.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I I A9 I .OO I 7.69 I 92.31 I .OO I I I I I I I I 50 I 30.77 I .OO I 61.54 I 7.69 I I I I I I I I 51 I 76.92 I .OO I 15.38 I 7.69 I I I I I I I I 52 I 61;5# I .OO I 3¢.77 I 7.69 I ‘I I I I I I I 53 I 61.54 I .OO I 39.77 I 7.69 I I I I 5h I 61.5# I 15.38 I 15:38 I 7.69 I I . I I I E I I I 55 I 8h.62 I .OO I I5.38 I .OO I I I I I I I I 56 I 38.46 I 15.38 I h6;15 I .OO I I I I I I I I 57 I 69.23 I 7.69 I 7.69 I 15;38 "I — I I I I 58 I 8h.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 253 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I 59 I 61.54 I 23.08 I .OO I 15.38 I I T— I I 6O I 61;5# I 23.08 I .66 I 15.38 I I I I 61 I 61.5# I 23.08 I :66 I 15.38 I I I I I I I I 62 I 61.5u I 23.¢8 I :UU Ix 15.38 I I I I 63 I 84.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I I I_ I I I 64 I 84462 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 'I I . I I . I I I I 65 I 85.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I I I I .l I 66 I 61.55 I .OO I 23.¢8 I 15.38 I I I I 67 I 84é62 I .60 I ;¢¢ I 15.38 I I I I I I I I 68 I 84‘62 I .OO I ' .OO I I5I38 I I I I I I I I 69 I 84.62 I IOO I .OO I 15;38 I I I I I I I I 25h III 1’] III III. II QIII; \III III! 'II III III]. 1‘ III] I A III" II ‘..I I l IIIVI‘III- 0 III II III. IIIIIIIIIIIII Illtl III III] III ‘II’ III} I III III- I] I'll III III III III] IIIIA . . I. V4 I IIJI IIJI) IIIJI. . I a IIIIIIII IIIIII , I 0 \. I III III: \ A III)! III] IIIIA]; IIIIIII. , I I ‘ I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I 71 85.62 I .¢¢ I .¢¢ I 15.38 _— I I I 72 85.62 I .OO I ;OO I 15;38 I I I 73 84.62 I .¢¢ I .0¢ I IS;38 “_ I I I 74 84.62 I .OO I ;¢O I 15:38 I I I 75 84;62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I I 76 84;62 I .¢¢ I .OO I 15.38 ‘— I I I 77 85.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I 78 84.62 I .00 I .¢¢ I 15.38 I I I 79 84.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 I I I 8% 84.62 I .flfl I gflfl I 15.38 I I I 8T 8h.62 I .OO I .OO I 15.38 _ I I I 82 84.62 I .OO I .¢¢ I 15.38 255 I l I I II I l I] III II I III III I In I II I ~|l “ .II‘ V VI. [III I r . Nu..-- " III! ‘III i‘-v‘- II‘IIIIIII \IIIIIII-‘J QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES ROUTINELY NO RESPONSE 83 8#,62 .OO .OO 15.38 8h 8h,62 ;¢¢ .OO 15.38 85 86 84.62 84;62 .OO .OO .OO .OO 15.38 15.38 87 84,62 .OO .OO 15.38 88 84.62 .OO .OO 15.38 89 61,5h .OO 23.¢8 15.38 9% 61.5% .OO 23.¢8 15.38 91 61,54 .OO 23.88 15.38 92 61.5% .OO 23.08 15.38 93 6I;5h .OO 23.88 15.38 9% 84‘62 .OO 15.38 256 II. III. III I II III I III 0 v IIII III III! QUESTION I 95 —— 96 NEVER 61,5# 61.5% SOMETIMES I .OO .OO ROUTINELY 23.68 23.¢8 NO RESPONSE 15.38 15.38 97 86, 62 15.38 98 61.54 15.38 99 38.46 38.46 15.38 10¢ 76. 92 7.69 15.38 257 APPENDIX Q Responses to Questions l—lOO As Answered by Individuals‘with 0-2 Years of Experience 258 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS QUESTION I RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 0 5 YEARS EXPERIENCE < 3 I NO ROUTI NELY I RESPONSE I I NEVER l SOMETIMES --~ _— —. __ I I I I 12 I 5 2 I 2 I I I I I I 2 I 18 I O I O I 3 I I I I I I _ 3 I 6 I 3 I IO I 2 I I I I I I I I — — 1+ I LI I 5 I IO I 2 'I I I I . I . I I I 5 I 9 I 5 I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 6 I 3 I I I Is I 2 I I I I I I I I 7 I 2 I 1+ I I3 I 2 I I I I I I I I 8 I A I 5 I TO I 2 I I I I I I I I 9 I 7 I 9 I LI I I I I I I I I I _ TO I 3 I I3 I 1+ I I -lIo 'nla '1 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE . I I I I _ I I _ II I 7 I I I 12 I 1 I I I I I I I I 12 I I3 I 2 I II I 2 I I I I I I I I 13 I 18 I O I I I 2 I I I I I I I I I4 I 18 I 1 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 15 I I7 I I I O I 3 I I I I I I I I I6 I 9 I LI I 6 l 2 I I I I I T I I I I7 I IO I 2 I 7 I 2 I I I I I I I I 18 I O I I I 2O I O I I I I I I I _ 19 I 1O I LI I 6 I 1 I I I I I I I I I 2O I 15 I 2 I 1 I 3 I I I I I I I I 21 I O I 3 I I7 I 1 I I I I I I 22 I I I O I I I 7 I NO QUESTION I NEvER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I It I _ 23 I 19 I O I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I 2L1 I 19 I O I O I 2 I I I I I I I 25 I I9 I O I , O I 2 I I I I I I I 26 I 19 I O I O I 21 I I I I I I I I 27, I 6 I O I I3 I 2 I I I I , I I I I 28 I 9 I 1 I 9 I 2 I I I I ' I I I I 29 I 8 I 11 I 8 I 1 I I I I I I I I 3O I 7 I 2 I II I 1 I I I I I ‘ I I I 31 I 8 I 3 I 9 I 1 I I I I I I I I 32 I II I 3 I 5 I 2 I I I I I I I I 33 I 111 I O I 5 I 2 I I I I I I I I 311 I 1 I L1 I 15 I 1 I I I I —~-—-_—-— ~_- 261 O . , . ‘IIIIIII IIIIIIII-IIII Ill! IJIIIVI. 'v.flu‘ ‘I‘I‘l ‘rilil‘ll ‘lll'l ‘l".‘1l ‘ljlr‘l "‘Ial.' IA’II‘ID ‘tl‘r‘Il. . . . 1 . . c . a IIIIIII-YII ‘1‘..VI ol'c'Il I'I.,| .I‘II.‘ illIIanl II.II". IIII‘T‘ {i'll.-nl§l.lxl} ‘J.I'IIJ II-II iTlOOII‘ , I . O. 1 I ‘1‘ ‘1) I; I'll .I t O 1 I .OIII ‘1--I I .l ‘0: u I II.IO III l.|l III III'III III I‘VOIIO III III I I QI.‘ (III- ‘li \ 6‘.IQ I 'II- ‘ll '1') 1'1; II I Tl 1". II-IIIIII l.-'III 1.|..I.wll .I-:‘O 0.1.0.8111 $-11 o..o11-. IIIIA'II II'I-‘ Ia...1. II.II. I.ll'l 262 --—_ —_ I I I I NO QUESTION I NEvER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ‘ I I I T I I _ I 35 I 2 I 5 I 12 I 2 I I I I I I I I 36 I 12 I. I I 6 . I 2 I I I ' » I I I I I 37 - I 2 I O I 18 I 1 I I I I I I I I - 38 I 8 I 2 l 1O I 1 l I I I I I l I 39 1 16 l L1 1 1 I 2 I I I I I I I I ‘— UO 1 8 I 5 I 7 I -1 I I I I I I I I L11 I 12 I 6 I 1 I 2 I I I I I I I I 42 I 6 I 5 I 9 I 1 I I I I I I I I 1+3 I 8 I 8 I 1+ I 1 I I I I I I I I 1m I 15 I 3 I 2 I 1 I I I I I I I I L15 I 9 I 3 I 8 I 1 I I I I I I I I ‘— 1+6 I 18 I I I 1 l 1 I -— -—-—-—----_ III- 'III I! 11 '1‘ '1‘ '..| '1‘1‘!) 'IIIDA'I‘ IIIIIIIII'1I0 .lllliolll I I - A . ‘IC'JO ‘I'll-I'- ‘lll‘l ‘lill ’ I I "'l.f‘ I 1 lllll ‘1": It’ll-l} ‘IC‘IIJIIIII {I‘ll-III. {13“} 'Iv1‘ylkl ‘I‘IJTI‘ I'll“ ‘LI lb... YIIIO|"‘ I411|$ 263 --————-------—-——-- — —_ -_- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER : SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I — l——-—--..-_—l I - -I--—-----_-- 117 I 16 I 2 I 2 I 1 I I I I - I I I I ,' 48 1 2O I O I O I 1 I I I I 1 I - I I 49 I O I 1 1 2O I O I ’ I I I I I I I SO I 2 I O I 19 I O I I I I I I I I 51 I 5 I 3 I I3 I O I I I I I I I I — 52 I 7 I O I In I O I I . 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I —_—1—_— I I I I I In 68 I 18 69 7w I I I ___'___:___ I6 —— _-———— —- -—--—---—-_—--———-——------ NO RESPONSE QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY I =_ ~--~- -----—---——---— ------—- ——- --_ I I I I 5 I I I I _ ———-------—-————— —-——--_——--——_ I 71 I 14 I I I I I 72 I I3 I 3 I R I I I I I I I I 3 I 6 I I I I --— ——-——-—-—----—----—--———----~———_—---— I I I I O I I I I I I I I 75 I I7 I O I 3 I I I I I I -—-—- —_ -—‘-— _ _----_-—-—----—_- I 76 I 18 I I I I I I I I I I 77 I 19 I O I I I I I I I I I I I I 78 I I9 I O I 1 I 1 I I I I I | 79 : 2O I I G S --—---— _—.-—-_--— --~--———— I I I l 8O I 2O I O I O I I I I I I _ —_--- -_ ------——-- ---- I I 8] I9 I O I I I I I I I I I I -----------I-------—-- O I I I I 82 I 2O I O I I — I —-_---_I -_— I _— _—I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I IO I I h I 6 I I I I I ---—--——I—-—----—-—-- -—_-—_ —- -—--- —- -— on W __ _=_ — _--*----- __ _—------ l I I I IO I I I I I I 2 I O I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I II I O I 9 I I I I I 87 I ___I___ 88 0\ w ___ I_-_________-_.._____-__ 9O 1O I I I 9 I I I I I ‘ I I I 91 In I O I 6 | I I I I I I I 12 I 2 I 6 I I I I I — _-‘—---—-----‘~—------_—--—_---‘--—-—.-——-_ I I I 11+ I 2 I 1+ I I I I I _—__-- —-—--~ —--—-----— -_-— _-q--— I I I 18 l I I I I I I I I 266 _—_--—_—--———-_—--——— —-_--_—'-———- ---—-——_-- NO I I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE 9S -— — --_--————————-----—--——--— -—— ——---- I I I I I I7 I O I 3 I I I I I I 96 97 98 99 --- --——-- —---—-“——-~ ------_-—- =~--—-~.-‘-_---_-----_-—-_------_*-_‘------— I I I 18 I 1 - I_ 1 I 1 I I I I I I 2 I 8 1 1O I 1 I I I IOO -——-—_-—~-- -—-—_---- -—-——-—--- -—-— -—----—- I 7 I 6 I 6 I ‘ 2 267 III APPENDIX R Responses to Questions lrlOO (Per Cent) As Answered by Individuals with 0-2 Years of Experience 268 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES To QUESTIONS I-IOO (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH O $.YEARS EXPERIENCE < 3 _ —___ _— —- _ j— —— _ “-- NO I I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I __ _ I -_ I 3‘ - 1 l 57.14 I 23.81 I 9.52 I 9.52 I I I I I I I I 2 I 85.71 I .OO I .OO I 14.29 I I I I I I I l 3 I 28.57 I 1h.29 I 97.62 I 9.52 I w I I I I I I I u I 19.O5 I 23.81 : 47.62 I 9.52 _-—_——— __ — —;_ __ -_ ——‘___ l I 5 I 42.86 I 23.81 I I --—---—----——— I 19.29 I 6.76 I I I I I 6 I I 71.93 I 9.52 I I I I I I I I 7 I 9:52 I 19.¢5 I 61.9% I 9.52 I I I I I I I I 8 I I9.0S I 23.81 I 67.62 I 9.52 I I I I I I I I 9 I 33.33 I h2.86 I 19.05 I 4.76 __ ' — .--—-—----“----——----.-.--------.-_—- l I I I IO : I“.29 : 61.9O I I9.05 : 4.76 —— ——_—— —-—--_ -----_--- 269 VII-1 I ‘II III II D I IIIIII C II I D II II III I I I . I.‘ ' I III; I II 0 ' I II I IIIII‘II II II II I III II I. 'l‘III'II 'JI 'wI III ______ ' L. __-------—-—-—-O--—---— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I --—--—— —Vfi_-_ _— _‘ —— ——_ I I I I II I 33.33 I n.76 I 57.19 I 9.76 I I I I I I I I A 12 I 61.9O I 9.52 I 19.O5 I 9.52 I I I I ~ I I I I 13 I 85.71 I .OO I 9.76 I 9.52 I I I I - I “ I I I 14 I ' 85.71 I 4.76 I .OO I 9.52 “ ‘=“‘ I “"“‘”7""""‘"T""“""‘ 15 fl? I 80.95 I 4.76 I .OO I 19.29 -—--—-—-——-— — _—_—~-—--- I I I I6 I “2.35 I 19.05 I 23.57 I 9.52 _‘.___ _ _ fi _ —— —— — —— I I I7 ..I 47.62 I 9.52 33.33 I 9.52 I I ‘ I ' I I I 18 I ;OO I 9.76 I 95.29 I :OO — — — Vfi— I I I 19 I 97.62 I 19.05 I 28.57 I 6.76 1 ”""_ 1 ""'I‘""’"“"‘ 2O I 71.93 I 9.52 I 4.76 I lh;29 I I I I I I ‘ I I 21 I .OO I 14.29 I 80.95 I 9.76 I I I I 22 I 9.76 I 38.1O I 57.19 I .OO ---—‘___ _— 270 I'I'I .II I V. I III't! II III .I- III-II-II III—III III.) 0 II III 0 II I I‘l’l I‘III IIIIIIIIC III \III III 'I' I I III III I TI‘ II-II-III! '1' I- ‘1‘. IIII III-[II.II IIIJE I- III] III .I‘IIIII -IIIII .I.-III“ I II-IId I It. I C .I \I 271 I N0 ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I ._._...-— __ —-———- —— I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I _~- ---~--—---—----- I I I I I I 23 I 9%.48 I .¢¢ I 4.76 I h.76 I I I I I I I I I _I I I f I I I I 25 I 9¢.h8 I .OO l .OO I 9.52 I I I I I. I I I _ 26 I 9¢.fl8' I .OO I .OO . I 9;52 I I I I I I I I 27 I 28.57 I .¢¢ I 61.90 I 9.52 I I ‘ I I I I I 28 I 42.86 I n.76 I uz.86 I 9.52 I I I I I I I I 29 I 38.10 I 19.¢5 I 38.10 I h.76 I I I I I I I I 3% I 33:33 I 9.52 I 52:38 I #276 —.__ ___——‘ ._—._ ——— _ =— -— ~---— I I I I 31 I 38.1% I Ih.29 I 42.86 I 4.76 I I I _.__ _ ___._ —_ -—--—--—--- I I I I 32 I 52.38 I Ih,29 I 23.81 I 9.52 I I 33 I 66.67 23.31 I 9.52 — — — “-“---—- 19.05 '__ I I l I 34 I #.76 I I 71.43 I n.76 I __ -;_.__----~-_---—-_ —— - --—-----—-— ~ QUESTION —- .I.-——-—---~-—-—_——-fl--‘—-_ -—-—-- I I I I ,NO I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I 35 ~--_-—---—--—---———_-—---.---——-——- -- I l I 9.52 I 23.31 I 57.1% I 9.52 _ __ --——~-—-—_=_ __ — — I I I I #.76 I 28.57 I 9.52 57;Ih —- ——---—-———- ---¢-_—-—— -~ ~—- q—_----—-_--- I I l l I 9.52 I .OO I 85.71 I “.76 —--—_ -_ -— ——- 38 I l I I I ' 38.1% I 9.52 I A7.62 I n.76 39 —_ ———-—_—---—-—-----—-_--——_--—-—--_-_ I I I I 66.67 19.25 I 4.76 I 9.52 AU #1 I I 23.31 I 33.33 I 4.76 | II II I I I I I I I I I I I E I I I 57;1h I 28.57 I_u_.. #2 #3 In -—-—---—--——----——- l h2.86 I u,76 ——---- I I I 28:57 I 23;81 I I fi — I I I 38.1% I 38g1¢ I I I E E l I E I 19.05 I 4.76 —— — _ -- | l l | 14.29 I 9.52 I h;76 I l 71;#3 I I I “5 #6 --—— _ _. —-— -—-‘=--— ‘- -" ‘------—-— -_ --—-------_--—-——--—-—-----——--—_ I 38.1% I h;76 I 42.86 14.29 I I 85:71 I h.76 #,76 l h,76 I I ----_--- ----—-———----—--- -- —--—--- —- -—- 272 ‘III [I III I I I I III I v I I I III] VIIIlIl‘I‘ IIII I1, — =-——— —— — —----——-—---— —— - I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I ___ -—-- =—----—_——----—----—-——-—-——— I I 76.19 I 9.52 I 9.52 I #.76 -- __=———-—_—---—-—----_~——---~-——-----—-—- I #8 M7 l I .OO I .OO I h.76 I I I -- .- -_ ‘-— ----_ -- —-_ -—--- —----- 95g24 I I “.76 I 95,2h I .OO I A9 g¢¢ I, I I I I I _'-I—'— -~-~-—--—-— —— I I I 5¢ I 9.52 I .wa I 9¢.u8 I .¢¢ _--—-----_—_ ----~---— —————--—-—-———-----——_———--—--- —_ -_ ————— -- --------—-- _- —-— -—-—_ l I I I SI I 23.81 I 14.29 I 61.9O I .OO I I _ __ __ -__-_._.—__-—--_--.---------__-_—_——_ I I I I 52 I 33g33 I .¢¢ I 66.67 I .aa --—~- ———---—-----—-—-— — 23.57 I .OO I I 53 I 42;86 I 28.57 _—%m~—.~~---- _ _ __ r..- I .OO —-— — — _---—--.-——-----~~------.----_- I I I ‘ I 55 l 9¢.h8 I n.76 I h.76 I .OO --——---——----—-——— _— _ ~--——--—-———- I I Eh I 76;19 I Ih;29 9.52 I I I 56 1h.29 I #.76 I 8¢.95 I .OO I 57 58 I I I 38;IO I IM.29 I h2.86 I h,76 I I I #— ==-—-—--— —-—-——- _ _-—-- 273 V II II II I II: III ‘III . 'IIII I u ‘1‘] 0 -III ' IIIII I —-_----—-—-——_— ——— —_-—-%_ __ _—-—- QUESTION I I I I NO I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I __ -—_ 59 6O 61 62 -—_—-_------—-—--——-—-—--——---—-—-— _ — I I 23.31 I 19.05 I 4.76 -- -- ‘—- ——---_"_-_------—--_-—--__-- 52.38 I l 14.29 I 19.05 I 9.52 ---—- --— ——---- —-- —-——- .I-- —— ———- I 57.1h I I 19.0S I IR.29 I 9.52 __ ——- -_--—~ ------ __------ I 57:1h I I 28.57 I 23.81 I 4.76 I I I 42.86 63 _ _ — =—~---————————_——_ I l I 7I.h3 ’ I 9.52 I I“.29 I “.76 D — 6R -- -—---_—--——— -------—_- —--——--—*---—-——-- I I I I I 8¢;9S I &.76 I 9.52 I n.76 ----“---_----~_-———~------ —— --— —-_- -—--~-- I I I 9¢.#8 I n.76 I .wm I 4.76 _- ~“-----—----——-—------ -—-—-‘----- I I 8¢;95 I ' :Ofi I 14.29 I 4.76 68 I I 9.52 I I9.¢5 I 4.75 ------ ~--—-——- -——-—- ——--- I I 4.76 l 4.76 I h.76 69 I I I I 76:19 I .¢¢ I 19.¢5 I 4.76 7O _— ~—--—- —— -— —— fi-- -— I I l l I 71.43 I 9.52 I 14.29 I 4;76 —- ~ -—.-——-_----—-— -—- --—————- III III I III I I C II I I C UII III.“ I‘I“ IIII 27S __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ - I NO I . QUESTION I NEVER ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I _ =———-__——— I I 71 I 66.67 I n.76» 23.81 I h,76 I I I I I I I 72 I 61.9O I Ih.29 I 19.65 I 4.76 ----- --—-.-_--—- -~--~ ~- -—--_ -—-—- -~----- ~--_ ----_ I I I 52.38 I 1h.29 I 28.57 I u;76 I I I —— ‘-—---—--—--.--- _— --—-—-_---- I I I 9¢.h8 I #;76 I I I I I l I 73 I I I 7# l I :—__-~-——~-~—--—----—---_ I I I 75 I 39.95 I .OO I IR.29 I ---—-~ _—_—_ —-‘ “‘ —*-—---._---.----_--—__ -- I I I 76 85.71 I. n.76 I n.76 I #;76 I I I __- _ _ ' _ ____ I I 77 99;48 I .OO I 4.76 I h;76 ‘— — -———--—---~-— —‘_ _‘ _- A I I I 9¢.h8 .I .¢¢ I #:76 I 4.76 \I 00 \I \D I I 9542h I 59¢ I .¢¢ I n.76 950Izl+ Own 0”” | [+076 (D 8 00 I I 9¢;48 ;ww I “476 I 4;76 -‘_=--- —‘ _*~‘-—-_--_-~---—---—-_ I - I 82 I 95.24 I .¢¢ I .¢¢ I H.76 __ ——--I———---—-—-—_ _=‘_— -.-—-—-—_-—- III I I I ‘I I ' I I I. I III II.II!‘ III-'1‘. III \IIl-II 1.0.... II“ ‘I‘ III III-VI..- III‘III 'III III‘ Ila] --_— _ QUESTION I NEVER I —n—-.I SOMETIMES _—--—--_-—-———— i I NO ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ‘— ~-—-————-—— —_--‘-—----— -_--—-- -- —_ I I I 83 I h7g62 I l9.¢5 ' 28.57 I ---~---——-~-——-—------.-—---.- _ _-—--—-I—-- I I 88:95 4.76 I 9.52 ' I I .88 I 47.62 I 4.76 —-__--——~-—-— 4.76 4 #g76 4r 0 \I 0‘ I 8h I I I I I 85 47.62 I I -—---.-~--—-- —=——-——- —- —- _ I I I 86 | h2,86 h,76 l h7,62 I I I I I _______-—----- —-—‘_‘ I I I 87 I 35.71 I 9.52 I .OO I -I—---—-——-—--—-- ———-—-—--- ~-—--———--- —-u—_ ——— I I 76;]9 I 14.29 I n.76 I 8:76 I I I —-—--~-— ----— _—----— —— h,76 | 88 I ' I _ -—-——--—--—---~-—-—— I I I 89 I 52:38 I 42.86 I 4.76 I I I --—-— -—-~—--~ -—--—-—-—- —-—---—-——-———----— -——-——-—-—--- I I I I 98 I 47I62 I h;76 I 42;86 I h;76 I I I I ---_-—-—_--———~————--——--—————.—-— - l I I ;¢¢ I 23.57 I “;76 ____ _ _— -——- —— .— .— I 57.14 I 23.57 I I {$8 I I -—--——~— '— 8,76 ——l --*---‘----——----———-~-~-—-----——- — _— — I I I I 93 I 66g67 I 9.52 I 19.85 I 4.76 _--—----~—----—— —— ——-----——-————-—-_--—-——— I 8.76 I 8.76 I I 98 I 35.71 I --——-——-——-—————-—-———_—---————-———_—--—— 276 277 -— -——-=__—------—--—-—----—--————-——-—————-—----—---— I I I l NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I . I I I -_ -_-——-——-—--—-- __——-—-———----.- ~-— ————--———_-—— ——-- _—- I I I 88.95 I .OO I 14.29 I 4.76 95 I I I I 99 I 9.52 I 38.I¢ I 87.62 I 8.76 _ -— —---—------—-—---— ——_ _ ———-—- l I I I IOO I 33;33 I 23.57 I 23.57 I 9J52 —--—_~————---a—-~-- ——- ---—————.----—- -I III II -I.. II... 1‘ O... APPENDIX S Responses to Questions l-iOO As Answered by Individuals'with 3-5 Years of EXperience 278 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 3 3’: YEARS EXPERIENCE < 6 ~----—-—-~-.—- -- ——.--——-—---—- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I — -———-——--—---------—-“—-—----—‘--—-- I l I 11+ I I6 I 2 I 2 I I I l I I 15 I I I I6 I I I - I I I I I I IO _, I O I 7 l I I I I . I — ——-—----—- -— —-- -—- - -— ---———~——--—_——————----— ---—-—-— I I I I LI I II I 2 I LI l I I I I I -—-—-_---——----—-—-— —_“‘_‘ —---~_ _ __-- «I I I 2 3 I I I I I 6 I 4 I 2 I II I 1 I I I I I I I I 7 I 2 I 1+ I II_ I I I I I I I I I I 8 I 6 I 1+ I 7 I I I I I I I I I I 9 I 18 I 2 I LI I 2 I I I I —-—-—--~--——- --—-----’—_ u-—-——---—-—- —- _—— ~-—-- —-_ --_ __— I. I l I I ID I 1+ I 7 I ' 6 I I I I I I — _ —-——_—_------—----—--.—-—-—--——--———---—---—- 279 Ills II.II.’J --—-~——-———~--—--—-—-——---_--—-——-——-_ __ QUESTION II 12 NEVER I SOMETIMES I ___ NO ROUTINELY RESPONSE :— -— ~-— --—— I3 ——_-—--I-— In l h 2 I O I I I6 16 ___-—----—-——---_ .— —--~---—----—-----—------~--_ ‘— ——-—_-.-.~-.—-—-—-—--——— I I 6 I h I 5 I . I I O I 3 I 6 I I -------—_P_----~--——---- -._ ——--—- 3 IS I O -~ 2O 2I I5 -_- —-_---—-—-- —----——————- --—~-—--—- '-————-— D 22 I __-—-—-——--—--—-- _ _. 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II.III. \I1,II ,IIIIVS IAI’VII‘ 9.0"} IIIIIO‘ IIII‘I.oI lIIIOII IIIIIIIO .I.“JIII yb'l'l‘ tl‘lI‘ III uIIII~1 «IIIIII IIIJ.- I‘II‘I- IIIIII ‘III‘I IIII" 'IIII II.II '.I.-l'l IO‘I.OI.II U.|ICII‘ 282 -—_-—_-_—_ — ———~-—-—- C.-'-b-—- _ - _ =—-—-—-— I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY RESPONSE I I -__ C.- —"‘ I I O I h I I3 I I | I I I 36 I 6 I 3 I 7 I 2 I I I I I I I I 37 I 3 I h I 9 I 2 QUESTION _—----——— - 35 I l I" "' 'I' 'I'" 38 I 3 I 3 I II I I I I I I I I I I 39 I II I 5 I II I 2 I I I I I I I MI I s I 7 I 1+ I 2 I I I I I I I ‘ III I II I II I I I 2 I I I I I I I I LIZ I LI I 3 I 10 I I I I I I ---.- -‘-_--- -----—--— -—-— ----—-—--——-— -— —-——-—-—-—-——- I I #3 I 7 I 6 I h I I IO I ‘I -_- .—---I—_-~--———-—-—--—-— “—--— --— —--— ----—--‘—_———--— -—_ I .' I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY : RESPONSE I I I I I 'I I 3 I O I I I I I I I I LIB I III I 2 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 1+9 I II I 3 I I5 O I 1+7 : 13 2 -——-——--~--————_——-——————-————--—-—-—--—_ — _——-————- I I I I I I I I I 51 I 1+ I 5 I 8 I I l I I I —-—~-----‘—_._--——---~—————-———-—-—-_ _--—————--- 12 I _--—~------_— — I 9 I I I _———-—- -—-—---— ——--—-—_ S3 51+ 3 I 2 I | -—— |——— l I l -— l ——— -- ‘ -—- d 55 I IS : I I I I - I _ _ 56 I I I 3 I 11+ I O I I I I I I 57 ----- _-- ---——-—— --— -_ *—--— - -_—— -— —~—-——----_-———_—-—— — I I I I .58 I LI I 3 I 9 I 2 I I . I I _ -- :— —_--—~-———---—---—-——-—-—-—-———— 283 _-—-—--—-——--—_---———— I NO _-_--——-_—-_~—_—-———_ --—— I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I —-:_ _—- --——-_———-—————-—----———-——--——-——--- I I 59 I 5 I h I 7 I 2 I I I I --------——----—C-—---—----—- _ ———_ —-—— _- _- I I I I 6O | 9 I 3 I 4 I —-—-—-~ —— — ————————---——--—--—h---——-—--———-—_ I u I I I 2 ---—----——-———_-——-_ I 62 I 5 --—----_I--—-__-_— l— I— 63 I 8 I 3 I I I I I --- ————-———--—-—-—--‘—---———~-—---—-----—_— __--_- I I I I 2 I 9 l 2 I I I I 2 I I 64 I 9 I I I 6 I 2 I I I I --_-----—----——----—-—--__—--~_ —— ————-—--—---- - I I 67 9 I I I --- -----~---—--—--—----—-——-—--—---—— _-- ~-—- ---_ ~-—-- I I I I 68 I 15 I I I m I 2 I I I I I I I .I 69 I II I a I 5 .~| 2 I I I I I I ' I I 7¢ I IO I 8 I 6 -- I I I I I ---- —— — ———‘ _—-~-fl-~—-_--_-_ _ _——_-—- 2&I .I III 285 — ———~-———_-——-----— —_—----— --_—_-———-——-_-----—---‘—-_ I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I ——-————_—--—-_—-—-- -- ——-———_—_—--———-————— ——-—————--—-———~——————-—I-——-————-———— I 73 I 8 I 3 : 5 I 2 -~ -_ --_~-—_-—-- --._‘_-_--——-------- --—---------_-_In-- I I 75 I II I I : 4 l 2 ----.-----—-_a—_ ———---—-—-_-—-_--~--“----—--- I I I I 2 I 4 | 2 I 82 I I6 I - I — -“-- __;-_ -— - |--.-------I _-----__-_ 78 I 16 I O l O I 2 I I I I I I I I 79 I 16 I O l O I 2 I I I I I I SO I 16 I O I O I 2 I I I I I I I I 81 I I4 I II I 2 I 2 I I I I ' I I I I I O I O l 2 --——- ——-—-—-- -— -——-- —_ _-———— ——-—---— -—--—--—— II I.I I I III. II]. I I A IdII-II II: I II I II V I II‘II'I IIIIIII IIII‘III III III II.II-I .11.}.16 III-VII II'III‘ II‘IIII'II III III: I IIIII II.II" II!!!‘ II! II. III III! II‘II-‘IO ‘ I III III. II.II-[II IIIOOII II.II“ III . I III ‘IIIII I QUESTION : I I NEVER I SOMETIMES : I NO ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I 83 I I _—--— -—-“ --—--— - I 7 I 5 I l I I 4 I 2 I --—-—---——_——--——--_---— —-_---—~—-- -——- _-I-—-----——--- 84 I I 2 I IO I I I I I I ! _______ I 87 I _-----_—--——-—--—-—-- I 88 I I I 5 I I I I I I b. I 2 I II I 2 I —---— 5- -—-——— ---—---- -———-——--—---—-_—---- I IO I 2 l ___---_—-- -_ --— ———-—-— -————-—-— --_~-—_- I I 9 I 4 I I I I 3 I 2 I I I W I L} l I ~ I I 6 l I I _— _----_~----- 2 I 2 I -_—- ~--~—_.———-— -——-_--—-—--------- -— '- __--—-----———-—-—-——--—-—.—-—--——~ -———--—--—-~ —— -—-———-- \D '8 O" -m—m-—-—_——-—-—- ~---—--———--~——--— ---—-——-—-fi—-_-_——- I 91 I I I 8 l 2 I -.~__ I 92 I I 7 I 2 I -—_-~‘--—-.——— -——-—----- —-————- —‘-----—---------—— ——-———_ I 93 I I I I 7 I 2 I I I I 6 l 3 I -—---—_—--— ---—_——_ ----—- ——--—_— ———_-- -—- —-- -—-—---—— I—-—_ 94 I --~-—-_ -—- I I 13 I O I I I 3 I 2 I --——-—-_-_._————--—_ —--———-~—-_- —_--——-- 286 «I. [1‘ I II.II-[II vIIIIQI . III III- ‘II ————--———-~—-‘-———-—-_—-.——--——---—-——_- — _—-—--— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I ——---———"“ —-~ .—~———h———-———-———-————-—_———— 95 _-—- -——-——_—--—-_- —-—--———_~——--- _ I I I ~ 97' I 13 I I 2 I 2 I I I I -- -———----~-——_-——--—--_--—I_—-—-—h——-‘———--——— I I I I 98 I 1 1+ I w I 2 I 2 I I I I --——-— “-—-----—-—-————- ————------- C._ III-w- -——-- --—-— --—-—_- I I 99 I 3 I 3 I IO I 2 --—--———---—- 'H—_----—————————--—-----———--—-—_ —— ——--_-—.— -———---—_—---——-——-—. ——--——--~ -— —-—-—-———- —-— --—-——-- -—-— APPENDIX T Responses to Questions 1—100 (Per’Cent) As Answered by Individuals with 3-5 Years of Experience 288 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 3 .<_ YEARS EXPERIENCE < 6 _-———--——- -——. .—--—- ------ —-—---— -———---—_—_ I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I — I — _ I I 1 I 77.78 I .OO I II.II I 11.11 I I I I I I I I 2 I 83:33 I 5.56 I gno I 11.11 I I I I I I I I 3 I 55.56 I .OO I 38.89 I 5;56 I I I I I I I u I 61.11 I II.II I 22.22 _--_---—_ “-—~-—--“~“u-—-~-~—-———_- I-—--—--- I I I I 5 I 33:33 I 27.73 I 33.33 I 5.56 |——— U'I . U1 0\ -——-— —-— — —_ — —------ ----—- I I I I 6 I 22.22 I II.II I 61:11 I 5.56 I I I I _—_ ___-—--_--- — --_—- ~ -—---——_—---_- I I I I 7 I 11:11 I 22.22 I 61;]1 I 5.56 I I I I I I I I 8 I 33.33 I 22.22 I 38.89 I 5.56 I I I I I I I I 9 I 55.56 I 11.11 I 22.22 I II;II I I I I I I I I la I 22.22 I 38.89 I 33.33 I 5.56 --——---—-—~_-------—-—--‘-—-—---——-I__—-_----_ _---. _-- lulu-I V II- VI ‘---—--—_._-———-~-—-—-—-I- — —‘ _-—-------— I I I— I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I -_— ~---—-_— ‘— __ _---— — —-_ I I I 11 I 33.33 I 27.78 22;22 I 16:67 I I I ____________ | __ ____-__ I _ __ 12 I 61.11 I 33g33 :88 : 5:56 ‘ “ ‘I , .““ ‘ "I"““““‘ 13 I 83;33 I 11:11 I ;0¢ I 5.56 ‘ z; ‘ I“““‘ T”“”“”““T ““““““ In I 88.89 I 5.56 I .OO I 5.56 I I I I ‘ I I I . 15 I 88.89 I 5.56 I .OO I - 5.56 I I I I I I I6 I 16:67 I 33.33 I 22;22 I 27:78 I I I I l I I7 I 5¢;¢O I .OO : I5g67 I 33:33 I I I I 18 I .OO I 16567 I 83:33 I :08 I I I I I I I I 19 I 33:33 I 33.33 I 33;33 I ;¢¢ I I I ' I 2O .: 33:33 : 5:56 : gOO I 11.11 _==_ — __I "_ -=I _._-—_I-_--..---— I —- — — 21 I ;¢¢ I 22.22 I 77.78 I ;¢¢ I I I I I I I I 22 I 5;56 I 22.22 I 66.67 I 5.56 I _-----—----—-----n_-—-~------—-——-—I-_u _-— _.—-—-— —-- ‘31- all ‘ l 1110!] 3-11.3.1 i .l .l I t I 1‘ 'II ‘J! ~IOI"! '1‘ Ii"- LII o NI.- .Il'l-ll. fill. in a: ‘13 ‘II .II’ 1" I- AYI‘I‘ il.‘\|3.| 'Oo‘rII‘i Ii.) .I.!" ‘IIIIII I‘ll!“ I‘ll!“ ZII'I“- wt I .‘I. II.II . I. I 'I‘ I o D I I ‘1. IS. a \.I ,II ‘1‘ allv‘i.) III! [It I ~ ___-_-_-— -——_—-_---—-—----— I I I NO QUESTION NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I -I--I--'-- —------—-_—--_-_—‘—--—------—--—- -—-—_ I I I 23 72.22 I 11:11 I .88 I 16.67 I I I I I I 21+ I 25 I 83.33 I .08 -——_--------—-—---—------—— — --——---—-_ I I I I - 26 I 83.33 I .OO I .OO I 16.67 —-‘-—_—--—----—-—-%———--—--_— -— —-— —---‘-- _——--—-—-—— --- — I I I I 27 I 22,’22 I II.II I 6I.II I 5.56 I I I I --———_ —--—-------_—-— _ —— _———— -—-_-- I I l I 28 I 38.89 I 5.56 I 44.44 I II.II I I I I _ —_ ______ ______ -_~—_ — —_ ——_ ——_ I I I I I 27.78 I II.II I 55.56 I I I I I I I I I I I I I ------~-- 5:56 I I . I I 50.08 I I I I I I I I —_ “-- 55.56 II.II I 32 I 55.56 I II.” I 27.73 I 5.56 -—— -—--~------—--------------——-----—- I I I 33 44.84 I 5.56 I 38.89 I II.II I I I I -_—_----~---——- -—— -—-_-——--_--—-~-—----—--—-----—--—-—- I I I I 31+ I 5.56 I 27.73 I 61.11 I 5.56 —_---_- —-—-=_ _— --—-—-_--—-—- ----___-----_-_ 291 IIIIIII IJIIIII IIIIII ’IIIII II.II IIIIII IIIIIII III:.III... IIIII II.II IIIIII IIIIII IIIIII II 'II 'rI II II.II ‘ . I I I u I II III II IIIIII III II I..- IIIIII ' I I III II II- ! I II I I III II III III IIIIIIIIIIII I I t O I I D C 1 ‘ C O i v I 1 III ‘..I , . I I z I I ‘I I I I I .III I I. I I III I l I I N 4 I ~ I l I I I a I I 1 I I .I . II III III II oI-I II.‘ III IIIIIIIIIIII .I. I I. I ‘ I I Q C O O I ‘ O O 0 O C I I I I I II IIIIII .I. I II It I I I II II II ' I I I I a. lull IIIIIIIIIIII I I —— ——-———-—--‘--——--—------— -.--—---_—-—n ---— _— - I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I —-—-——---—— _ -— _.- —— ————— I I l I 35 : .OO : 22.22 : 72.22 : 5.56 --—-—---—--——----—-- ~-~---------——-- --—-------——-co-- I I I I 36 ': 33.33 1 16.67 1 38.89 1 11.11 1 1 1 1‘ ‘ _------ 37 1 16.67 1 22.22 1 5¢.¢¢ 1 11.11 1 1 I 1 I 1 I I 38 1 16.67 I 16.67 61.11 I I I . ---——--—-—-———-——----—---_ —‘ —- —-.--—---—--—-- _———- I I I 39 l 61.11 I 27.78 .OO l 11.11 -_- —- —-—-—- --—__-—--—--- -- ---—-_—--—_ —-—- ~~ -- .- -- ——‘- -— I I I I an I 27.78 I 38.89 I 22222 1 11.11 I I I I _—-- —--—---*-_-—----‘--—-— _— --—---- -_ ----_ -- —----—_ I I I 1 h] 1 61.11 1 22222 1 5.56 1 11.11 I I I I --—--—---—---‘— ——-————--—— —— —-——--_-~ --- ---—----- -— 1 . 1 1 1 A2 1 22;22 1 16267 1 55.56 1 5:56 1 1 1 1 -m--T-m*~*1 — _ 1 '— “‘“T‘“““‘" 43 : 38;89 : 33g33 1 22.22 1 5.56 _-_-— m-——----—--~-- -----—_---* -------—--—--—--—---—- l I 1 I an 1 72,22 1 11211 1 11.11 1 5.56 1 l I 72.22 I .OO l 16;67 l ll;ll I I I _—-—_-----—-_—-—- __ _ _‘-——— —-—------—-‘--—--— ----—- 293 ————-—_ — -———-—————-- ———_-——_—---——-—-——— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I -'-—-—-—-—_-—-—--—--———— — —---—--‘— _ _ ~— I I I l #7 I 72.22 I 16:67 I .OO I 11.11 I l I I ————_-—--—-_---—- ~-——-—-—--_-—_-———-—— -_—-—-——— ---—-———_ . I I I I 48 I 77.73 I II.II l ;0O I II.II I I I I I I I I A9 I .¢¢ I 16.67 I 83.33 I ~.¢¢ —--- —-—-— --—-_--—— —-_---—-— —--——- ——--- --—-----———--- -—-— I 53 I 16.67 --------—~-----— I l 5.56 l 72.22 I 5.55 I 51 l 22.22 ---- -—-— ~-_--——_---—_---— -—-—---—- I ’ I 52 -| 16.67 Ilgll I 66.67 | 5.56 I I I —-——-—- ---—.-—-—------—--— —— —— -———-—-——-——---——-——-—-——-- I I I I 53 I 27;78 I 16.67 I 5¢.¢¢ I 5.56 —‘-—-—-----—--— — —— ———~----—--——~—----—-——-- I I I I Sh I 33:33 I 38.89 I 16;67 I 11:11 _ __ .___— _ _-_— — _—------——-------‘----- 1%.. ———__ — —_-—-————-—_-—— I | 16.67 I~ '77;78 I ;¢¢ --— -_---—- -—-------—--_--‘-—--——-—-----———'-—--—-—_--_--_- U1 0‘ U1 0.1 VI 0\ I I I I 57 I 27.73 I 5.56 I 55;56 I 11.11 -~‘-------—--u-—--~---_-_----~- _——_ —-_------_ I I I I 58 I 22;22 I 16.67 I 5¢.¢¢ I 11.11 I I 29b —-- -—— _‘-—- I NO ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I _ __ —---—_——_-——-—-—--—_-—--—-- QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES __ I 38.89 I II.II l -~~—--_- —- -—_ __ _— -————-———-——-—- I I I I 63 I S¢.¢¢ I 16.67 I 22.22 I 11.11 I l I I -—- -— -—-- —-—-—--- -——-—-— -—--—_--—---— ---—_--_-—--——-———— I 59 I 27.78 22.22 I I I I 61 I h4,hh l 22.22 l 22.22 I 11.11 I I I I —-_—---——---—-— ‘0 _. --~-—-—_——--—---_---—-—-~— I ' l 62 I 27.73' I 11.11 I 5¢.¢0 l 11.11 I —- -:- -----——--——“--——--—------~-—--——- I I I I 63 I hh.hh l 16.67 I 27.78 I 11.11 I I I I I I I I 64 I 5¢;OO I 5.56 I 33:33 I 11:11 —------—I- ---—-—---—------~—---'----------------—-- -—- I I I I 65 I 55:56 I 11;11 I 22:22 I 11;II I I I I --~-.--_-*-—-———~— _ _—-—-— __ _-———-_-—-- I I I I 66 | 61.11 I 11;]1 I 16;67 l 11:11 I I I I __ —— —~--— _ _ I I I —1 67 I 5¢;¢¢ I 5.56 I 33.33 I 11.11 .- I ___._-.'.______.____?_.________' _ 68 I 83:33 I 5;56 I ;¢¢ I 11.11 --—-—-—-—-—-------- ——-—-—-—----—-—-——-—-—-—-———- I I I I 69 I 61:11 I ;¢¢ I 27.78 I 11:11 I I I ——-~ -— _ — -----——-———-———— I I ;09 I 33.33 I 11.11 ~—-—-— ~_-——-- —-_——-——— —-———--— c.- \J S U'I U'I 0-. U'I 0‘ I-—- IIHIIII III!‘ III IIIMIIII I I IIIJIIII ' IIIII ‘llII‘III w 01" III- IIIII ‘lIa ‘ I III n‘l III‘IIIII 11‘}: II.II; VI 11]..) I‘I‘IIOI III VIII ‘1 I.t| I I‘I II-II II.IIIv‘I‘ III-II.II“ III III. I .l . III II I .l ' I III I I _-----I---___—__ I _ -I-_ _ — I -NO—_-_-_ QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I e I I 71 I 27.78 I 33:33 I 27:78 I 11.11 I I I l I I I I 72 I 44.54 I 22.22 I 22.22 I 11;11 I I I I I I I I 73 I 44.44 I 16.67 l 27.78 I 11;]1 I I I I I I I I 7h I 88;89' I .OO I .OO I 11.11 I I I I I II I I 75 I 61.11 I 5.56 I 22:22 I 11:11 I I I I ___—-_— —— -——-—-----.—-_---—-—--—---—--—-—--~—----—~ I I . I I 76 | 6I.II I 16.67 I 11;11 I 11:11 ;¢¢ I 11:11 __"“ --—---—-—-_—— I I I I I £¢¢ I gOO I 11(11 I I —---_.---—- ---—-—-—- I I I .W .W I 11;” I I I I I '-—‘ ---—--—-—---—-*-—----——--__ I I .OO I 11;11 I I I I I _-—---—-—---—_--- — __._ __—______ 11.11 I 88:89 I .¢¢ I .¢¢ I I I I .I.-III-I-u-i-l-I- “——--—— .I.. ———————-—---— In... —_———-—----—-—-— —-_ -- 82 11.11 296 —-—--—--— _-_------ —-———----.-- ---—-——--——--—— -—--—- _-——- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I _— __ — ~-——--— —_ _--—-———--—- I . 83 I 38;89 I 27.78 I 22.22 I 11.11 I I _L -- ——- -—-- —----—- -_—--—-——- -_--———— —--— ——----- I I l I I 55.56 I 11.11 I 22.22 I 11.11 I I I I —-.-—-—-—- ---_—-—-——-—--—‘_--— -——— -_—---.—- --———--—--—————- I l I I 85 I 22.22 I 5g56 I 61.11 I 11.11 I I I I _--—~.—— ~ ——-——_-_—__-—’-—--———-—-—--—--—-——- I I I 86 I 27;73 I 5.56 I 55.56 I 11.11 -‘-_.—------._---_-_-_—--—_.-——-- --—~-- -— -- --———---——- I I I I 87 I 5¢;O¢ I 22.22 I 16.67 I 11.11 I I -—-------—-—_-‘-_-_ —-————--—-—-—-——-—- ——--————-———_ ~-——-———-—---——------— I 89 I 33.33 I 5.55 5¢;¢¢ I IISII —-———-—_-—-~--—-—--———————--—-’ -—___ _ ._ -——-—— ——— I I I 9O I 33:33 I 5556 I S¢.¢O I 11:11 “~-----—----—--~_ — ~---—~---——-—-—_—-—-—- I I JOO I 44.33 I 11.11 I I __ —__— ____-—---—--_-—-—-_----———-- _ -——--_ EE 4:- .I: 0 .Ir 4:- “I I I I 92 I 38.89 I 11.11 I 38.89 I 11211 I ——--—.----— ——-—— -—————-——-_—-_ —_ ~—--——— I I I I 93 I 38;89 I 11.11 I 33.33 . 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II-IIII IIIIII‘ IIIII‘II YIIIOI III-‘1‘“ .IIIlIld IIIIIII «0!.IIIII TITIII VIII- III'IIIAIIII I'll-IIII'I OrI‘ I Illllul‘l 3|.-IA. \Ijlli V.O1IIoO‘ allIlIu' II‘.iIl..n I-‘I.I.Il GAII IIIIIIII.n -.I.III 1 I 297 --_-—-—-_-_-——_---~—- -——-—---—~ _-‘ -—-—--—— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I 95 I 55:56 I 5;S5 I 27:78 I 11.11 ---—-—----—-—— ~---—-————-——————_—---————--—--——--——————-— I I I I 96 I 55:56 I .33 I 33.33 I 11.11 ---——----—--—--.-—--——‘—--_----——~ —.———-—--—---- —-————-—_ _—_---—---—-—--—_----——--—-————-————-- _- ——-—-—-_--—- I I I I 98 I 77.78 I .OO I 11.11 I 11.11 I I I I —-_———-——— __ _. _ ——-——-—-——————---———————-——— I I 99 I 16g67 I 16.67 I 55.56 I II;11 I I l I —--—--—-_----‘- -—_---------—-----—-- — __ —- _ I I I I IOO I 33.33 I 22.22 I 33233 I 11.11 -~-- -_— *--= _ ~ ~-_---------——------- VII OI‘I IIII II-III. I I OIII III I III' ‘I III‘ III-‘7‘ II.IIIVII I‘l- l "(I II.II.I . III I I APPENDIX U Responses to Questions l-lOO As Answered by Individuals With 6—8 Years of Encperience 298 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 6 .4. YEARS EXPERIENCE < 9 — ___- —- -—*-~— — .- ————-- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY l RESPONSE I I I I I I I I '- 1 I LI I O I 1 I 1 I I I I I | I I 2 I 5 I 2 I O I 3 I I l I I I 1 I 3 I 2 I 2 I LI I 2 I I I I I I I I LI I LI I 2 I 2 I 2 I I I I -_ ' -— —--—---—---$ —— ---- l I I I 5 I 2 I 1+ I 3 I 1 I I I I I I I I 6 I I I 10 I 9 I U I l I I I I I I 7 I In I 2 l 8 I w I I I I I I I I 8 I 2 I 3 I 5 I u I I I I I I I I 9 I 2 1 3 I a I I I I I I I I I I _ 1121 I O I 3 I 6 I 1 I 299 __ ‘ v‘ ———— ._ --—---—--—- I l I 1 N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I __ 11 I 1 I 3 I 6 I I0 I I I I I I I I 12 I 7 I 2 I O I I I I I I I I I 13 I 7 I 2 I I0 I 1 l I I I I I I I 1b. I 8 I 1 I O I 1 I I I I I I I . I 15 I 8 I 1 I O I 1 I I l I I I I 16 I 2 I 3 I 1+ I 1 I l I I I I I I7 I 1+ I I0 I 1+ I 2 I I I I l I I I 18 I In I w I 9 I 1 I I I I I I I I 19 I 3 I 1 I 5 I 1 I I I I I I I I 26 I 5 I I0 I 2 I 3 I I I I I I I 21 I O I I0 I 9 I 1 I I I I l I I I 22 I U I I0 I 9 1 -—------—-—--— -—-—— _- _ -~- 300 I I NO SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE —— — ‘—‘—- -—----~-—--—.-—-—----‘-----— --- I I QUESTION I NEVER I I I I I I I I 23 I 5 In I 2 I 3 I I I I I I l _ 21+ I 8 I I0 I I0 I 2 I I I I I I I I 25 I 8 I I1 I I0 I 2 I I I I I I l — 26 I 8 I O I O I 2 I l I I I I I 27 I O I 2 I 6 I 2 I I I I I I I I 28 I In I 3 I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 29 I I0 I I I 8 I I I I I I I I I I 38 I 1 I 3 l 5 I 1 I I I I I I I I 31 I 1 I I I 7 I 1 I I I I I I I I 32 l 2 I 2 I 5 I 1 I I I I I I I I — 33 I 3 I 1 I 1+ I 2 I I I I I I I 39 I w . I I I 7 I 2 I I _I 301 IIIIIII II.IIIIII IIIJII III I III I III II II II III II III. II I I ‘I II.II. Ill ‘1‘ I, QIII‘ ‘III II] II.“ I I ‘II‘ ~ —— _ —-—--— I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I a I _ _ 35 I I 1 I 8 I 1 I I I I I I I I 36 I I 2 I 6 I 1 I I I I I I I 37 I I I0 I III I I0 I I I I I I I 38 I I 2 I 8 I I0 I I I I l I I I 39 I I 3 I 2 I II I I I I I I I I 119) I I II I 6 I II I I I I l I I I . III I I 3 I I I II I I I I I I I I 112 I I 1 I 7 I In I I I I I I If I 1+3 I I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 1111 I I 5 I II I I I I I I I I I I _ £15 I I 2 I 5 I I I I I I I I I *— 116 I I I 2 I I I I I 302 303 ————-— _ __—_ ‘ _ "I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ‘ I _ I , I —l - 1+7 I 5 I 1+ I II I I I I I I I ,I I I 1+8 I 8 'I I I In I I I I I I I I I I l19 I In I Io I III I I0 I I I I I I I I 5% I I0 I II I III I I) I I I I I I I I 51 I II I I I 9 I II I . I I I I I I I 52 I I0' I I0 I 9 I I I I I I I I I I 53 I I0 I 2 l 7 I I I I I I I I I I Eh I 3 I 3 I 3 I I I I I I I I I I 55 l 9 I v I I0 I I I I I I I I I 56 I I0 I 2 I 8 I In I I I I I I _ 57 I II I 2 I 8 I In I I I I I I I 58 I I I 3 I 6 I II __ — —— — -— ~-———---—---- I . I I l I I II VII. I III I I I I I III I I I .I III I I '1! II I I. I ik‘ III I III I II. I II. III II II‘ III Iv ‘ II I A. 11.10 I. O I I I III. I I I ' I [.I0 . II II I I A II II Ill II I I l I I III. II \II I 1 I III} II. I III. I I 'II I I l V 4 III III III III. II. II 110 III I I. II I I I 11 l I ll IIIII I .I.I I I III: 1 1 III I'll w I Q I III. 'Ial III ‘III ‘III I I I. I 'II‘ I III «III II I II.‘ I u .6 I III I II I! 4.0 VI] .IIII .IIIII IIIII IIIII.‘ IIIII IIII IIIIIII .IIII. noiI QUESTION; 59 60 61 62 —-— |——— _ 301; ‘l I I N0 NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 5 I 0 I 5 I I I I I I =-——— --—---—-~----—---— —_ _ .- . l l 6 I 1 l 3 l l l I l 2 l 3 I I0 I l l I I 5 I I0 I l -.— _-— 5 2 I l l I l 3 l -—~ -—- -—- --——- 63 61+ 65 I 5 : I l 3 I 7 l I I 2 I 2 I I0 (I) S \D S d '6 I I I 67 I 8 I m 1 l 1 I I I I I I I 68 l 8 I 1 I 9 l 1 I l I I I l I u _ 69 I 5 I I I L» I (a I l I _ I I I I I _ _ 791 l 1+ I I I 5 I so I l I I . . ' l T 1 v1.15 ‘II- I In! ‘fl I l I Y I \cll I I .711 ‘1‘ ‘1‘ V 4 'II I ‘1' I ' I I . I I I I '2‘ glut- Q I ‘II‘ 1‘ Q" I In. I, ‘ I '1‘ J. . u , J I I 0‘. ‘7‘ ’ l 'l III I .I' II] 'A’ II‘ Inn... of .6 ll V I III. ‘Gl I II] III I '1' I I I ul ‘ 1‘ Civil “ I I 'IL‘ I I ‘(l 1‘ III I ‘III ‘II '1] . D . .1! \l ‘1‘ Q. 1! v7 I 'I‘ I 1‘ III‘ Il‘l. ‘ O _ ‘Ill 1 I 2 I'll: I .I‘ . t I,’ '1: I ‘ I ‘1‘ III I —_ QUESTION 71 I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I I I I I I 2 I h I . I I -~_~-----—----~- 72 I 1+ 3 I 3 I I0 I I I I I I _ 73 I 3 LI I 3 I I0 I I I I. I I I 74 I. 9 I I0 I ID I I I I I I 75 76 I I w I I I w I I ——,___ -- —- __ ———----.---_-‘—.--- ‘—‘_ =—— —__ —-—-~-- —- --___- I I I l 77 I 8 I I I I I w I I I I I I I I 78 I 9 I w I v I I l l l I 79 8% 81 82 fl I I I I _ _—‘_— ~--~-*____— __ I .——:: -— ~--—_-—--—-—--————‘-- \D ‘S fl l 9 I I f——— l—-- IIIII. III I I II. III'II ‘IIIIsI 9’ II I- IIuI‘I [II.I'I ‘III‘- III!“ II.II-II. VII VIII 0.}! 'III III I II I‘III‘ IIIIII III] I‘II‘II. III.-.III' III!" III‘I‘IIIIJ III-III) III II IIIII I. IIVIVIO NEVER I SOMETI I MES I —‘_-n—--'H——-— ROUTINELY I NO RESPONSE ——-~ ~-_ _-- ---- 88 89' _—-—-—--—_—— I w 2 2 -- -- --‘ w -—-~-------—--- L. w “—---—-- ------~--_-———— _ — —-—.—- 2 S S 3 3 w ”—----~---— -——-~--~-——- -__ — 0 _.__ ~- D -— ~--——--— -—-— --- -— -—-- -— -’--- _ ‘_ ---—-_--- I ——-__ ——-—--——----- ---_--~—-———-— ------—--—--__ _ 6 3 w I -_ —-— -- --—--——-—_———- --—- ---_ —-_-----— 306 -—---—-_--——-_—_—— _ I QUESTION I 307 -- ———-n——— -——- -—-—-— —-——)-——— I I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I l 95 l I ———-——~-- 96 l 97 I -_—=-—— -_--—-—-— _-_-_-- 98 -— ~---—--—-—--_----— 99 l I I I 8 I O I I I I I I l IOO ’ I ——---—~ ~——-- ~~—-————— APPENDIX V Beeponses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) As IAnswered by Individuals with 6;8 Years of Experience 308 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOD (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 6 S YEARS EXPERIENCE < 9 _---—*- ——.—-——————-_-—-.---—-——-_—-—-----——_-—- l I l l N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ' I I I l _ __ I I I I I I 4¢;ww l 40.nw I IO.ww I 10.ww l I I l l I I l 2 I 50;ww I 20.ww l .ww I 3¢.ww I I l l l l I 3 I 20.ww : 2¢.Ow : 40.ww I 2¢;ww | I ‘ l l I I h I h¢;ww I 2¢.ww I 20.ww I ZOIOO __ '____.__'__'__ l I I I 5 I 2¢.ww I h¢.ww I 3¢;ww I IOJOO l l I l I l l I 6 I 10.nw I gww l 9¢.ww I ;ww I I I l I I I l 7 I ;ww I 2¢.ww I 80.ww I .ww I I l l I I I l 8 I 2¢.ww I 3¢.ww I 5¢;ww l gww l l I l l l l I 9 I 2¢.ww I 3¢.ww I h¢.ww l lflgww I l I l l l l I IO I .ww I 3¢.ww : 6¢.ww : 1¢;ww I — L— —— —~-_-—__——--—-—-----——-—-——---——_- 309 ' I I I 1.1.‘III III II. TAIIII 1“,IIII.I. II C O I II. III II c v I I I IIIIIIII III‘IIIII IIIIII I‘IIII!‘ II.|.II ~-——--—- ~— ~- ——— —--_——— ————- —————— —-—— ——————- —-—I-—_-- I I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I _._-— -—-- ~--—-----—--‘--—-—_—- 60:Ow QUESTION _ I ___ I II I I¢.Ow I 3¢.ww I gww _—-——- (”W I I 12 I 7ngw I 20.0w ~---.——--_--—— __ .___— _._ _.- I I 13 70.00 I Zflgww I .OO —- —— ---—-—-— 14 80.ww I I¢.ww .OO -nu-m-— -_ -u--I _-—-—-——-— — -- —_--—-—--—-_----_---— _‘ _—‘ “‘——~-- I ' I I IS I 895”” I IO.OO I .OO I I I I I I I I 16 I 2¢;ww I 3¢.Ow I 4¢;ww I IO;OO __ I I —_ I J."- -——-—-—--—-—— ~ ~---_—— ~—-—-——----—-—-~-- I I I I .OO I SOJOO I IOJOO I I I I I I I I9 I 3¢.Ow I I¢.OO I 5¢.uw I IO.ww I I7 I #ngw I 18 I ' sun I I 2O I 5¢;ww ;wu I 20;ww I 3¢;ww I I l I 21 I (”D I I .OO I 90.0w I I¢;wn _ — —‘ ---_—--—-- I I 22 I {DO I .DU I 9¢.DD I IDJWO — --—-—----_—-.-—-——.—~-—---—-—--—-—n-~———-~ 310 III I II I I II.II III II.II... III I>TIII III III IIII IIIII I A II.IIITI II.IIIIIIIl Ill-III II.II- III II.II III III III II II.II“ Vital-I 0,- \I.‘ III I I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I , I I I I _ 23 I 5O.OO I ;OO I 20.ww I 3ng9 I I I I I I I I 7 2h I 8¢.ww I .OO I gun I 20.wu I I I l I I I l . 25 I 8OJOO I ‘;Ow I .OO I 20;ww I I I I I I I I I 26 I 8¢.ww I .OO I .OO I 2¢;ww I I I l I I I I f 27 I- .OO I 20.0w I 6¢.ww I 20.ww I I I I I I I 28 I ;OO I 3¢.Ow I 6¢;Ow I I¢.ww I I I 29 I :wO I I0.00 I BOJOO I I¢;ww I A I — I 30 I IO;OO I 3¢.Ow I SOJOO I I¢:mu I T I I I I I 31 I I¢.ww I I¢.ww I 7¢5ww I IO;OO I I I I I I I 32 I 2¢;ww I 2O.OO I S¢;Ow I IOJDW I I I _ I 33 I 3¢;Ow I IO.OO I hO.ww I 2¢;Ow I I I I 3h I :ww I .I0.00 I 7¢.Ow I 20;ww ---—-—-—~-__-—--——-----_---‘-——-_----_--_- 311 =—-—--—~—__ I 6¢wa I IO.OO . I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I . I — I_ I 35 I :OO I IO;OO I 804ww 10.0n —_ I ' - I . —— --- 36 I I¢;ww I 2¢.Ow I 60.00 IOJUO I I _ I I_ — 37 I :ww I .OO I 10¢.Ow .OO I I I __ _ _— -- 38 I ;Ow I 2¢.Ow I 8¢.ww :ww I _ I I E 39 I S¢.OO I 3¢.ww I 20.nw ;ww I I ' I I I I I 40 I ;Ow I h¢.ww I 6¢.wm :ww _ “I _ I— ~ "— #1 I 6¢.Ow I 30.00 I I0.0w :ww _ I _____ _ I _ 42 I 2¢40w I IO.OO I 7¢:vw :On _ __I __ l __ 43 I #¢.Ow I 3¢.Ow I ZOJUO IOJOO I I _— I — an I hO;OO I 5¢;OO I .OO IOJOO I E_ I_ I— RS I 2¢.Ow I 2¢.ww I SOJOO IOJOO I ___ I ”6 I I 2¢.Om IO;OO —-_ ---———---—-—-*—-- 312 lIaI. .IQII II 'lIIIIcII III‘III OIIIIII IIIIII III-II.II IIIIII . III .. I I I .. I I- IIIIIIII III III III II III I. III III I‘I III. IIII'II IIIIIIIIIII II..I I II .A I I O I II ' TI I I I .I I III I I III I.I III II III IIII I III III IIII'I ~~ I I SOMETI MES -—-——-——-———-——- _----- I | NO QUESTION I NEVER I I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE — I —— l I 47 I S¢.ww I h¢.ww : ;mw : I¢.ww I . #8 : 8¢;ww I I¢;wm I .ww I I¢.ww I _ I — I I #9 I :ww I .ww I I¢¢;ww I :mw I I I _ I 5% I gww I .w» I I¢¢.ww I :9» I I I I I I I 51 I :ww I Iflgww I 9¢;ww : gww I I“ I_ I I 52 I :ww I ;ww I 9¢;ww I I¢;vv I I I I I I I I 53 I :ww I 2¢;ww I 7¢:ww I I¢;mw I I I I I I I I Eh I 3¢.ww I 3¢.ww I 3¢:ov I Iasvw fi—I_ ——I — I _— _ I _ _ — 55 I 9¢.ww l gun I .vw I IEJEw I I I I I I I I S6 I :ww I 2¢;mv I 8¢;ww I :ww I I I I I I I i I — 57 I :ww I 2¢.ww I 8¢;vw I saw I I I I I I I I 58 I I¢.ww I 3¢.ww I 6¢;wm I ;wb -—--m ~ ----‘---—-- .- “-——--— 313 l I I N0 NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE —-—----_— ~ ~—_ —--— -— I QUESTION I I I I I I l I I 59 I S¢.9m I .ww I 5¢;ww I ;uw I l I I I I I I 6w : 6¢;ww : I¢.wm I Bagww I :ww - I _—-_ I _I __ I-----_---- 61 I 5¢;wm I 2¢.ww I 3¢.ww I :ww I l l 62 I zflgww I 3¢gww : 5%;09 -— “— -—-—--—-—----—-——--— __ _----- -_- ~—---- I I I I . 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I I .OO I \D 8 o S ‘8 ~ -—-——----—-~-—---——-—-——--------— I I I I I 9¢.ww I .ww I I¢.ww I :ww I I I I I I I I 77 I 8¢;uw I 1¢.ww I Ifing I ;ww 76 == T} —m”"*7”~_ Tm“ _ '7 _____ 78 I 9¢sww I :ww I .aw I I¢.¢¢ I I I I I I I I 79 I 9¢.¢¢ I .¢¢ I .wm I 1¢.¢¢ %~~--—-_-—--_— _ — _ -—.__ _ —_ I 9¢.¢0 I .fifl -—-I------——-----—--——--———-__ —— _—-—------_ I I I I 81 I 8¢.¢¢ I I¢.¢¢ I I¢.¢¢ I .OO - __ fl. —-_—--_—-—-—-.—--——U‘---- I .OO I .OO I I¢§¢¢ 8¢ I 82 I 9¢.¢¢ —-*~-.-_—‘——— —.._. w~~‘~_“”w--—‘—_ __—-—.-—--- 315 316 __------—--—-- ——-———-—-_———_ ————-— -—- III- —— -— .— -- -—- ---—-_ I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE .OO I¢.¢¢ I h¢.¢¢ I .OO I I I I -- ----- “-‘--—__ -.—--_--- -—- -_ -—— ——- -—-- ——----_—---___- 84 I I I I 85 I 16.69 I 26.69 I 76.99 I .96 _I _'---'-_-_I----—_--_-I_------_-_-I--_---__--- 86 I 19.96 I 16.66 I 86.99 I .99 -_._ __ ___ __ - _' _____-____ I I¢.¢0 I 49.9O I .90 _ -—_ ---———--—_----—_ I 87 I 59.99 I_ I I 88 I 89.96 I .96 I 26.66 I .99 -——. —_—-——_--—--—-- —--—-—-———- ——-—~-—-—---—-——-— -———-_--—— I I I I I 89 I 3¢;¢O I 2¢.fl¢ I 5¢.¢O I .OO -— -— --—--—-—--~-—-—-—~---——--—--—---- I I I I 9% I 3¢.¢fl I 2¢.¢¢ I 5¢.¢¢ I .OO —--—- --—----——- -——-- —-------———-— --— ~--——--- -——-—----—_— I I l h¢.¢0 I 2¢.¢¢ I 3¢.¢¢ I I¢.¢¢ w~--—-—-— -—— --—--—-----—— I I I I 3¢.¢Q I 2¢.OO I 5¢.¢¢ I .OO ----_--——_ ~—-- —-- -—-- -——- --— —--——-—-—-- --— -——-————-__—-‘ 91 I I I 92 I I I I I 93 I S¢.0¢ I 1¢.¢¢ I 3¢.¢¢ I I¢.¢¢ —--—-‘--—.--~——- ..__.—- —- ———-————--~-¢—I—-I—_~I—--I—Iufi --—q—I—- I I I . I 94 I 6¢.¢0 I 3¢.¢@ I .OO I I¢.¢O -—— ---- —_------——-_——__——— ———-—- -———- --— -—— -_-— -_--———- — II‘I I.‘ III —_---—--——--——----—— —-—— ——.— _—--——--—-_—-----~—-_ I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I __——-—_—————-——--—- ——-—-— ---—-——_— —- ———-——————-~—--_ I I I 95 I 79.99 I 19.99 29.99 I .96 ' “ I WT" “I ”"I 96 I 59.99 I .99 I 59.99 I .99 “I“II". 97 I 89.99 I .99 I 19.99 I 19.99 - _ _——-——_—-——-——-——————-—-—-———-—---—-—-——--—------ I l I I I 89.99 I .00 I 19.0% I 19.9% I I ' I I I I I l 99 I .09 I 19.90 I 99.09 I .99 ---~ ~—-—_----—-—--—-_—---—----—_-—-_-_-——--——-. -——— ——- 98 I I I I I96 I 29.99 I 29.99 I 69.99 I .99 --~------~“-n~~—“~n—-~ ~--—--"-m————~-“-m-w—--——-——_-——g— 317 APPENDIX W Responses to Questions l-lOO As Answered by Individuals with 9-11 Years of Experience 318 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS 1-199 AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 9 éYEARS EXPERIENCE < 12 _ I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I I 6 I I I 6 I 3 I I I I I _-_--—--—---_ --_---.-- --——----—-—-——-——-_-—————---— _— ‘— —— --.-- -- -_----- I I I I 1+ I 3 I I l 5 I I I I I I ~———-- ——_-.-————_ -—————--—-—-———-—— -— —_ —- -—--— -- I I I I 5 I 3 I 3 I 2 I 2 I I I I I I I I 6 I I l 2 I 7 I I9 I I I I I I I I 7 I 2 I I I 7 I O I I I I I I I l 8 I 3 I I I 6 I I3 I l I I I | I l 9 I 2 I 3 I 3 I 2 I I I I ~ I I I I I O I I I 5 I LI I Q I I I l --——- --—--—-————— —-~—_——-—~_-—- -'--—— —-.— -——_ ———————- —-—-— 319 III I III Iii III I I ‘ I II I I I II: It ‘ I .IIIIII- I.‘|I’ -I.!!! I III . I I I I. 1 I0 I 6 I ‘I I I I I ~-—--—-———--_—- _~-_--------— —-_——_—_-----—-—_ I I I NO I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I = -—--——-—---—---------—_- _ _— I I I I II I 2 I II I 6 I I I I I I I I I 12 I 6 I 2 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I I3 I 5 I 3 I O I 2 I I I I I I I I IN I 7 I I I O I 2 I I I I I QUESTION I NEVER I I I I6 I h I 2 I 2 I I I I I I7 I 3 I I I I I I I I I I I8 I O I I I 9 I O I I l I I I I I I9 I h I I I 3 I 2 I I I I -- _———— — ——-— __ ~—-----—-.——_-- I I 2 I --—--—~--—-—-fl-——--- ___._ __ -----_---—---——--—-———---- I 8 I O I I I I 2 I I I 7 I O I I I I -- —_- -—-----— -— -— -—-——_--—---—— —- -- —— "N—-—-— -- —- —----- .I-- 3Z3 III. III I I IIII II.II II III III-III II-II- ‘III‘I‘ TIIIIIII I‘ III} II. III I,‘ —-_—_~ “——-----—-——--—-— ——----———-fl_—-- --- -_ -- I NO RESPONSE I I NEVER I SOMETIMES I I I I I I 23 I 6 I O I 2 I I I __——~-— ——--————-——&—-—c— ~—— I QUESTION I ROUTINELY I —-____‘ 2 —------—-~-- ——-—_-—-—-}——-----—_—_ I I I 26 l 8 I O I O I 2 I I I ---- -_——-~—-- -— ----— ‘g I I 27 I 2. I 2 . I I —--_------_-—----—-- I I I 28 I 3 l 2 O I I I I I — “~—---—-—--—--—-—--—---——-—-----—- I I I 3O I 2 I I I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 31 I 2 I O I 8 I O I I I I ----— -—-—--— I I I I 33 I 5 I O I h I I I I I I I I I 34 I 3 I O I 7 I O I I I I _—_—---—_------ —-.—-—-— -—--_----- --—-- -——--— —-—-—--—-——__ 321 ‘IIIIIII III-III I I III I I .I‘ III II Idol!!! IIIIIVI II‘I,II- P I v I I ' I,II‘ .IIII VIII!- IITI‘O‘ ‘ I IO IIII I I I... 'II xii I I ‘II .II“ II-IIVI \IAIIIOVI III!!! IAIIO TIIIIIJII III“. IIIIII II.III'I‘ I'll-ll II.II..- IIIIIII III] noI‘I-l I‘ll.“ I‘ll" I‘IOII QUESTION NEVER I I I SOMETIMES I I I ROUTI NE LY -— ---—--‘_—-- -- I NO I RESPONSE I -----—-——_—-———---——---~--——--——~ --— -.--—-—-- ----——-_ I I I O I I I 8 38 —- -—--—_--- -—-——_- 3 I 35 I 2 I | 36 I 3 I I 37 I I I I I I I I I I I 5 I I -———-—— -——--——- -———————-—— I I O I I I I I --_——-————-—-- -—--— --— —_--—- ---__—--—_ I I I I I I I 8 I I I I I I --——-_--- _———— -—————--——-----——- _-— —— --—- -—-_- —— --_--- I 39 I I D I I I 3 I 2 I I I 3 I 1+ I I I I _—-—-~---—-—"_--————-_--—_—- _-.---——-—-—--_ -—-----—-- -—————- —.-—-—_—— ‘__‘----_ I—— d— -- _-‘-—--_--— 4: N _---—-C---------u------—--—-- I l l D 3 I I I I I 1+ I I I I I I I 5 I I I I I I I I I I .———-.~ —--—--— ——- -- ---_—-..—-_--------——— ——-— —- I I I I _————----_——--——-—-———~—---_------- ——---—— 6 -—---——---- _~-- ----—-—--——-—_--—-_ I 2 ~---------- 322 — —_—_————— —‘=_ -——————_ —--_ I I N0 SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 1+7 I 1+ I 2 I 3 I I I I I #8 I _6 I I I 2 I I I -- —_.----_---—-—-——-—---——- _ —--—-———-— 'I QUESTION I NEVER I , I I I 49 I O I I I 9 : O ---— —_--—-—----- __—-—----‘_--_—----—----~—--- -‘ I I SO I« I I O I I I I I I I I SI I 2 I I I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 52 I 2 I I I 7 I O I I I I - ———- --—-—-- -——-----_-----—_-----—--—---- ----——--—--- I I I I 2 I 2 I 6 I O I l I ———--———————_——--———-—--—-—---——————- 53 '54 I LI I I I I I I I 55 I 7 I I O I I I I I I I I I 56 I I I 2 I 7 I O I I I I I I I I 57 I 2 I I I 7 I O I I I I I I I I 58 I 3 I O I 7 I O I I I I -_—_—--—---—-----—---—--——--- “——--—---—--—— __ - 2 323 ‘III II III! I IOIIQ I III III}: ‘III I O I III I IYITI III III-III III I I'III ‘Illllllllll .II "II V I TIT]. II‘II ‘ I III... . v II.II! III-II 'II III] ‘I‘IIIII (It-III o 'I‘OIII IIIOII III-I‘ll ll] ITI'II'II‘ c IVIIQ.‘ II-II IIIII I I II 'III I I II III III |. I III III I.I Q I 10,! III I I I I 0 I I I v I II‘ i l‘ Tl. III II. II.II I ll III I.I .lll VII 1‘ Q I II I.‘ v I p I .l I a. I IIIIIII IIITITI .I‘IQI II.Ic. I-I.\l .I.I!I ‘I‘II‘VII T‘QOII ‘IaII'I. II.II] OOIII‘ otvI.. IIIII ——----—---——-- --—-—-—| I NO RESPONSE I I QUESTION I NEVER I I I I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I I I I I I I I 59 I 3 I 3 I 4 I fl I I I I --~----_--~—----~ 6% I 5 I 2 I 3 I ¢ -—-—--- —-—-- -———— -- -————--————--—---—--—--—-—--—---~-—- —--_‘----~—_--——- _ ------ ——- -—- -- ——_ ——-—----- _-— ——- -—--- I I I I 62 I 3 I I I 6 I 9 l I I I —-—-_--- ——---—-—--_-------‘ -—----._--- -_-- I h I ¢ I I 63 I 6 I fl I I -—--——-----———--—--—-— _-‘-— I 64 I 7 I fl ' 2 I I I I I I I I I I I 8 I ¢ | I I I I I I I ——_~--——--—-——---- -----—-——-—--—------_—-- — I I I I 66 I 6 I ¢ I 3 l I I I I I _—— -- --—_ --- —----—- 65 -——~~--~-——--—----- _ 67 I 7 I a I 2 I 1 —---—------- ——-—----'-'—-—- -—— I I I I 7¢ I 5 I I I h I ¢ I I I I ---~—-——--— —- —- -!———-—-— _-—-——-—-—-—— -—-—--—- _. 32h 7— I — I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I l I 71 : 1+ I a I 6 I to l _------—-_—-—--—----—--——— —_-—--_--_——-.——_- —- -— ------—----—--—- -----—- I I I 73 I LI I I I 5 I ¢ I I I I I I3 I 3 I I I I I I I I 6 I II I 1+ I ¢ I I I I I I 6 I I I 2 I I I I ' I I I I I I 77 I 7 I Q I 2 I I l I I --------——--- -—— —— ---—---——--_— -— —-— —— --~ -—-—- ~--- 78 ——--_-------_--— \I 4: O\ 75 l I I 76 I I -_———- ID...“ —-—--——--—_ I fl I 2 I I I3 ---- ~__ _-—--_----—-~_—--———-——_---—---—- I l fl I I?) I 2 I I -----—~-_ C.-- _-- --— ~---——--———--—-——---—-----_ I I ¢ I I) I 2 I ' l _ -.--—-———--—_——————-Q—-—————--—---—-—- 325 II IIII IIIII IIIIII Il‘.InI IIIIu‘II ‘IIIAII III-II.II: ‘- -|Il 'IIII IIIII II-II/I III-III- IIIII . . IIAII IIII II.II-II '..IIIII IIIVAI... II.IIIII 'IIIIII .I'lIvIo III-II.II lII'Il'I- 'IIIIIQIII IIIII III'III I... IIIII‘I II-II: III-'Ivl Idutul .IIOIIIQI IIIII 'IIIIIII IIIIII III] III] ‘I’III II.II-vi uIIITI II II‘IIIII IIIVIII III'§1|0 O‘I.IrI .OI.¢II IIIIAI ...... Iev.~l liIIllIIII 14‘.‘|1.l. III-II II.II YIIJ‘I 326 --_—-——-—.-— -——-———I——--_-------—- I I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I -—-———-———.—-——-—-—-——-——————— "' ——_- __= —— QUESTION I I | 83 h I O I 6 I O I I I I I I 8% I O I 4 I I I I I I I I 85 I h I I I 5 I O I I I I -———-------Ifl- - —--O- __ -_-—- —---~--—--—---‘ ~--—_- I 86 I 3 O I 7 I O 0‘ O -~ — __-— —-——_————_--———--——.—--‘.—.n——-————_ I I I 88 5 I O I 4 I I I I I I I I I I 89 I 3 I I I 6 I O I I I I I I I I 9O I 3 I I I 5 I O I I I I ———-—.~‘---.-----.--———_—- ----——-—-—--—-—---—------ _--_ I 91 I 4 I I I 5 : O I 92 I 4 _— -_- -‘_—--------—-_--———-——-_--—-o———--—_—--_—- _----—__ u.- I I I I 93 I 5 I O I 5 l O I I I I I I I I 94 I 6 I I I 3 l - O I I I I -‘—_-------—---_-- —~-_—_-—-_----————_ ———~_-—-_—-_ —¢-—-_ 327 —~-_--_ ..- _-———_-—-- ————_————-._ ——-I—- —_--————— ————————-—-—--—-—- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE —-----—--—--- -—_——-—-- —----—-—— “----———- ~-—_ -——-—___ _ 96 I 5 I O I 4 I I ——--—--——-—----—-- _——--------——_---——_---—-__--——--—-_‘ l 97 I 8 98 I 7 I O I I I 2 I l I I I I 99 I 2 I —- —_-—_--— --_--—-———- -_--_ —- -- ~- ——_—---- -‘—- —- I I I I m: LII OI 6| O --—-_-—-—--~—-~ —-_-—-—---— —— ——_---_—---- APPENDIX X Responses to Questions l-lOO (Per Cent) As Answered by Individuals with 9—11-' Years of Experience 328 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 9 5. YEARS EXPERIENCE < 12 —----—C.—-———--——---—--—.— ---_--_—-——--—--_—---—_ I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I -—-—. —- ----— _—--—-——- -——-—— --_ --—--—-— ~--— _—.—--—-—- I I I I I 6¢.¢w I I¢.m¢ I .ww I 3¢.¢w _-_-___-'I__—_—__—-_-I_—_-—---_-—T--_---_-—--I—--_-C——___ 2 I 7¢.¢w I .ww I .90 I 3¢.¢w I I I I I I I I 3 I 4¢.¢¢ I -I¢.¢¢ I 3¢.¢m I 2¢.¢w --—-_— -— _—_-— .- —- -_-- -—-——--_—~—‘~-——- -— -’------—- -|.-— I I I l h I 30.00 I I0.00 I 50.00 I I0.00 ---— __ —- ~——- ;_ —~-——---——o-—- —— I I I 5 I 30.00 I BOSOO I 20.00 I 20.00 —--———--_—-———-—-------_———-——---—--———- —— -— ———_ I I I I 6 I I0.00 I 20.00 I 70.00 I I I I I I I I I 7 I 2¢.¢¢ I I0.00 I 7¢.¢¢ I .nm -~-_--__-I__- I-----_-_---T—---—--_—-T--‘---_—-- 8 I 30.00 I I0.00 I 60.00 I .OO —-----—_--__-----__————_—_-.-—----_---.----—--_————— ——-—_ .OO I I I I 9 I 20.00 I 30.00 I 30.00 I 20.00 --—-- --——--_—----— —_ —--_—————---———— ""-_——-——- nun-- I I l I IO I I0.00 I 50.00 I 40.00 I .OO ---— -_-- --— ——_ --- —-—-————-. ----— -- -—-I-—‘ -_—————~—-_—---_ 329 330 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I -w—Cfi—‘u—“--—-——-—-~~n—-—-fl-——-—-_—‘— _— I II I 20.00 I0.00 —-—-——-——_-— —--—-__ --—---—————- —‘——--_ l I 12 I 60.00 I 20.00 I .OO 20.00 ---—---—--——----- --—---—-—-— _—---—-— -_---—- .._n_ f_. I I0.00 I 60.00 20.00 I I I I3 I 50.00 I 30.00 I .OO —~—-_-———_————I-Iq-—-—--—-—--—-_---.-———---—— _. —-— 20.00 I I I 1% I 70.00 I I0.00 I .OO -——-—~-———c———————b--ID———~--—mm———----——— w ____‘_ O 20.00 I I I IS I 60.00 I 20.00 I .OO —-———--—-_c—------—---—__-—-————-—--—~----—-- _- I I I l 16 I 40.00 I 20.00 I 20.00 I 20.00 —_—----—--———-—-——---—-——--—--—_= __.-—— — I I .OO I 50.00 I ZOIOO . I I7 I 30.00 —-—-— -- -— _-— _ I I8 I .OO —~.—-—--_.——_—-——-—---— w..- ‘- _-—_ ——~ I I I0.00 I 30.00 I 20.00 I I I I I I I0.00 I 90.00 I .OO I I I I I I I 2O I 60.00 I I0.00 I I0.00 I ——~ ——_—-—--——----——- _---—-—— -------—-——-—-—- ——--—--— —---—-—-_---—---——-_ 20.00 I I I 21 I I0.00 I0.00 I 80.00 I .OO _. _. -~—--- fi —— I I I0.00 I 70.00 I .OO —_—_- -—-_— -—-_-—-.--_ —-—-——— -— ——-_-—- ---—- _-—— ———---.- I 22 I 2¢.¢¢ IIIIII 'IVI I III 0 1 III \III II ‘II II.II] VI‘IIIII "IVI‘ —_ ——_— -—- —_ - —— —- —-—— “—- .I— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I _--__ __ — -----—---—-_-—-— --—--—-_ I I I I 23 I 6¢.¢O I .OO I 2¢5¢¢ I 2¢.¢O _—_—- _———--—-—--—--—-—-— _-— -‘ - I I I 2h I 8¢.O¢ I .OO I .OO I 2¢;¢O --— --~—-—-—_——-—------——— _— --—-- ~ .I...- -— --.— ---------- - I l I 25 I 8¢.¢0 I .¢¢ I .ww I 2¢.¢¢ - _ —_—_I _'-----—-_I--‘--—---I---_------I.----_---' 26 I 8¢.¢w I .ww I .¢m I 2¢.¢¢ --__---_I“-_-_---_-I_-_-—_---_-I- __ l_ -- _ _ 27 I 2¢.¢¢ I 2¢.¢m I 6¢.¢m I .mw ——- I... —- .- -— -- ----- --- -.- —— ------~- ~ -- -- ----— —---- --- I I I I 28 I 3¢.OO I 2¢.¢¢ I h¢.¢¢ I I¢.¢¢ —---—----——-——--—--—-.—--~——--—~-—— —- __ I I l I 29 I I¢;¢O I 3¢.¢O I S¢.¢¢ I IOJOO —-*-—--———- ——_——— — —_---—-—------—-----——-—_- I I I I 3% I 2¢.O¢ I I¢.¢¢ I 6¢4¢¢ I I¢;¢¢ -_~_----_--—-—_—---—-_-—-—-_ -—--.n ——--—- -—-—-——---------— I I I I 31 I 2¢.OO I .OO I 8¢;¢¢ I .OO I I 32 I 2¢.O¢ I I¢.¢¢ I 6¢.O¢ I I¢.O¢ _- ~- ------- ~-— ~ “~-——— ~- ~-— --——-- --———-- ‘-——-— —---— I I I I 33 I 5¢.¢O I .OO I h¢.¢fl I IOJOO ----—*--—I-_ -"‘ --~-—--—--‘--—.----—--‘--————-.—— I I I I 3h I 3¢.¢O I .OO I 7¢.¢O I .OO --------_ _— It‘ll'l IIIV‘III III II‘ . I I . I ' 0 IIIII ‘I'III \II\III‘I EIVII II..I‘I II‘I'I ‘I‘I‘.’ IIIIII .‘IIIIIII II.II II C \II II.II C IIIIIII . IOIIIII III. III]! 'I‘lll] l‘lI II.- III '3‘!!! 'IIII‘TI‘ I‘ITI‘IA II.II“ I“I‘ ‘lu-‘0 u‘IIIl' III III I l IIUPIOI- --—_--__-_—--—-_——_———-———-_-———_—--———---—-—-_- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I _ —---—-———-—.—--————-- I I I 35 I ZOIOO I .OO | 8¢.O¢ I .OO ——-._-———-—-—-——I—————— -——-——-—-—--———-—-———————-—————-———-— ————— l I I I 36 I 3¢.¢¢ I I¢.O¢ I 5¢.OO I I¢.¢O —-—-——*——~——-—_——--—---- -————-—-—---—- -— __- I - I I I 37 I I¢.¢w I 1¢.¢¢ I 8¢.¢o I .II -_—--_ I _------I_--_-----_ I— _ I ___________ 38 I 3¢.¢0 I I¢;¢O I 6¢.¢w I .mm ____----——-——-- —---— -- -----— -- -——-— --——- --——-— —---—-————— _— —_——--—---—-—--—- I I I | 39 I 4¢.OO I 3¢.¢¢ I 2¢.O0 I I¢;OO --_—-- ~-——--—-_-- —-—--—— -— --——— -- -—--— -—-—_----— —-—- ———- I I I I #O I 2¢.OO I 39.¢¢ I 4¢.¢O I I¢.¢O ---_------~---—----——---_-‘-* =__— -—- —-—--—---—_ I I I I #1 I 5¢.¢O I 20.¢¢ I 2¢.¢@ I I¢.0O ---~ -_-----—-——--—-——-----——-———-_——_-—--—--————---—-—-- I I 42 I 2¢.¢¢ I I¢.¢¢ I 7¢;¢¢ I .ww "__----_I-'-_ _ I --I_ _____ IE _--__ 43 I 3¢.¢¢ I 2¢.¢¢ I u¢.w¢ I I¢.¢¢ I¢.¢0 I R0.0@ I I¢.OO -—-——_--- —- ----- ——- -—-——-—--—--—— - l 3¢.¢¢ I¢.¢¢ 5¢.OO I I0.0@ -~--—.-~-—-----——--—---— —-— __--l———-—-—-- ----—--- I I #6 I 6¢.OO I .OO 2¢.O0 I Zfigflfi 4? U1 332 IIII‘II IIII I‘- III: III} 0 III I. I IIIIII III IV ' II.II“! ‘IlIII-UIIII IIII '3' III‘II VI»IIII Vn'IVI ~OII1‘ ‘IIII‘I IIII‘IO VIII} 175'"... .II III] IIVI‘I I‘III‘I VII II.II ’It ‘t‘ I III-III] III. III I.‘ 'IO'I‘i II.II!“ II.IIIIII .I.-I‘ll] I‘ll] I'VIII,I. .I. III I- 'I'I‘II‘ -‘I'I -— --_———-—--—-—-—_——- -—- -—-———--- -—- -—---- —-—_ I I QUESTION I NEVER I I --‘-—‘-----—.-_- l I “7 I h¢.¢¢ I 2¢.¢0 _--————---_-------——- —-- SOMETIMES I NO ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I _-_--~- I 3¢.O¢ I I¢.¢¢ ——-- _ —---_---_- I 2¢;¢O I 19.0D ---—_---—--- —-—---—— —---—--—--—-----------——--— --_-_ _ .OO I I ———--—————-—--——-——-——-———-——---—-—-——-_---—-—-—---—-—— I¢.¢O -——-~-—-— .— I 20;¢O I I 52 I I¢.¢O 69.00 I I¢;09 I 7¢O¢¢ : Dam --—---——~———‘ -___ I I 53 I 2¢.¢¢ I 2¢.O¢ I 6¢.O¢ I .OO ‘- ——-—-—-- _— Iflgflfi ~— I 4¢J00 I IOJOO — -----———‘----—--——-— .OO I 2¢.¢O .OO ------- ——-—— ;¢O .OO —- _-— -----‘---——-~— In.- .OO I 333 .IIIIII III‘II II‘I'I III‘IIII IIIIII‘ ‘IQVIII III‘III IIIIIIII II‘III‘III III-II.I- II'III IIIIIII‘I IIIII!‘ c v I o v I I. 0 O o O c I I II. I a I I‘ll ~ I I 0 III - Ia IIIIIIIIII III III I I III II I A III III I I III. I I «III II III. III I. III II I I I I l .I.! I}. I II o s ‘ i V I i 0 U 0 O t I I o I u I III III II II... v I II II I I I II. I I II III. II III. III. I II 'II I III II I l I IIIIIIIIIIII I O C . I C O D C G U f C I I I I I I I . I . u I l I I I I II C. I II I‘ I I 1» I II II 4 III I III I III. III. II‘ II I a IQ). ’1‘ llllllllllll ——— —- ~ —-—*---—- ——--- -—--——_--_—--— ~—---——_-— - I ‘ I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY : RESPONSE l "— “-----_--‘------—---_-—_-_—_— l I I l 59 : 3¢.¢¢ : 3¢.¢¢ : 4¢.¢¢ : .OO l I 6O : 5¢.OO : 2¢.¢¢ -—~-—-------—— -— ..__ ~—-—-——_—-——-—---—- 30.¢0 .OO l 3¢.¢O : .OO --——_---~--———-—---'__ — — — I 62 : 3¢.¢¢ .OO _ __-—- -~g—‘ — --__—~-—-_ I l 61 : 5¢.¢O : 2¢.¢¢ I 1¢.¢¢ : 6¢.¢¢ I l 63 : 6¢.¢0 : 4¢.¢0 l .OO ——I—----—--——-— _ -———-——--—--—---—I—_—--————--—— I l I 64 : 7¢.¢¢ | .OO : 2¢.O¢ : l¢50¢ —_-—-_----_---_—_—--——~—-——-—-—___==_ --——--- .OO I I I I 6S : 3¢;¢¢ : .OO : 19.00 : 1¢.¢¢ __=E I _— — I —-___-_---T-__-__— l *----‘-_- 66 : 6¢.¢9 : ;¢¢ : 3¢;¢¢ :- 1¢:¢¢ I l l I 67 : 7¢.¢¢ : ;¢¢ l 2¢.¢¢ : 1¢.¢¢ -——--------—--_——-------_-—-- ._ ‘ _- l I I l 68 l 6¢J¢O : .OO : 2¢.¢¢ : 2¢.¢¢ I I 69 : SOJOO : 1¢.¢¢ : #¢.¢O : .OO --—----~--—----—-— -— --——‘_ I I I I 7O I 5¢.¢¢ : 1¢.¢¢ : 4¢;¢¢ : .OO —-—— ———_————————————-—--—-----~--——-—-——— *— 33h I'll-ll V.‘ I'll VI“ 1"‘,\ ml... ‘1‘ ‘11. 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I II I I I I I I I I IIIIII I I I III I I 'I I I I 9 I ‘I I I I II ‘‘‘‘‘ I I 'II I. .II I III I . III I I III I I III. III- IIIII o I Q I v 9 I O O U I 0 III- ‘III I ‘.I I I I I IIIIII III III I IIIIIIIIIIII III I I III III I II II.II III I I I I III I I I I III I . I I I v 0 v o v w 0 0 G U 1 ‘ II a! I II IIIIII II I S 4 III II IIIIIIIIIII VII I I I.I - I III III III I II III I II II IIIIIIIIIII II .I I. ‘ I 5 I t u v v c I o c v v o o I IIII I ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ' I \ I I O , . I v I w I . J II I I III III I. I v I v t III III I i IIIIIIIII . I U I —_——--—-—-——_——_——-— ___——— _— I I QUESTION I NEVER SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I _ _ — --——--—--—---- ———-—- I I I 6¢.¢¢ I .OO I I I I l 8h : 6¢.¢¢ : .OO ' 4¢.¢¢ : .OO ———_——--—---—-—-— -————_—-——---——-----— —- -— -———-———-———- l I l I 85 : h¢.¢fl : 1¢.¢O : S¢.¢¢ : .OO -—- —- —-_- ——_-_—-- --_-—--——-- _-—_--—-- --—---——_-- —-—_---- I l l l 86 : 3¢.¢O : .OO : 7¢.¢O : .OO --—_ —_---—-------—-C‘--—---——-—-— ---.— —--—-_—-_-. _— ———-—_ I l l 87 5¢.¢O : .OO : 4¢.OO : 1¢.¢¢ —_———.— —- --—_—--————c——— _ —_ —--——-———--—_ l I I I #¢.¢O : 1¢.¢O 5¢.09 l .OO l I I c—u-u-n ——_-- ———_ -—-————---—~ ——---— ——-——-—-—-----—.-— -- ---——— l l I l 89 : 30.¢O : 1¢.¢O : 6¢.¢O : .OO —--—--— -——--_——-——--—-----—-———— I I I l 99 : 3¢.¢¢ : 1¢.O0 : 6¢.¢¢ : .OO I _ I.———-----.I--------—-I_--_—------ 91 : 4¢.¢¢ : 1¢.¢0 : 5¢.¢¢ : .99 _---__-—-T-----_---—‘I _ I _ __== -------- 92 I 4¢.¢O I 1¢.¢0 I 5¢.O¢ I l I I l l I I 93 I 5¢.¢¢ : .wm I 5¢.¢¢ I .ww .OO -—_-—---———-— —-- -—-—--——-———-——-—--—--—_———-—-- I l ' I l 94 : 6¢.OQ : 1¢.¢O : 3¢.¢¢ : .OO Tl '.‘ 337 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE ‘ I I I I I I I I _ 95 I 5¢.¢O I I¢.O¢ I 3¢.OO I I¢.¢O -—-—~-_—-—--~—_-_———-‘_——----—--—_ _ — _-—_—-— I I I I 96 I 5O.OO 'I ;O0 I u¢.OO I I¢.OO 97 I 8¢.OO I .OO I .OO I 2¢.OO "“"”‘f“""“““T“"““"’I“""""'T"“"““‘ 98 I 7¢.OO I .OO I I¢.OO I 2¢.OO -—-_ —----_—--~--————-——------_—__—‘ -—-----_--a—--—- —_ ---— I I I 99 I 2¢.¢w I I¢.0¢ I 7¢.¢9 I .flw ———-——-— -~*——--—-——-.———-o_—-——_-—--——~———--— _—_~_ I I I I 19¢ I 4¢.¢0 I .flw I 6%.fl9 I .flfl APPENDIX Y Responses to Questions l-lOO As Answered by Individuals with 12-1h Years of Experience 338 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IIDIA AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 12 5. YEARS EXPERIENCE < 15 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I I I LI I 2 I I l I I I I I I I I I 2 I -’+ I O I 1 I 3 | I I I I I I I 3 I 3 I 2 I I I 2 I I I I -~_----—_-_———— ——_——-———_ -———_ -_——-—--— ——-———-—-——— _— —— .— I I I I 1+ I LI I I I 2 I I I ' I I I I I I I 5 I 2 I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 6 I 3 I I0 I 5 I O I I l I I I I I 7 I 2 I 2 I 1+ I O I I I I I I . I I 8 I 3 I I I 3 I I I I I I I I I I 9 I 3 I O I 1+ I I | I I I I I I I IO I 2 I O I 6 I O l I I I -—_----—-—-—_-——— —————-.———---—.——_-_——————---_--—_—-—-— —_-_ 339 -_ c—_ ———----—-—-——-_-——-———-———-_———— -OI— —— —_ --’- ---—--—_—-- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I II I 1+ I 2 I 2 I O I l I I I I I I 12 I 5 I 3 I O I O I I I I I I I I 13 I 5 I 3 I O I O I I I I I I I I 11+ I 5 I 3 I O I O I I I I I I I IS I 6 I I I I I I I I I I 16 I 3 I 2 I 3 I I I I I I I I I I7 I 2 I I I 3 I 2 I I I I I I I I 18 I I I 2 I 5 I II I I I I' I I I I _ 19 I 2 I 2 I 1+ I O I I I I _fi_- -_ - _-.._... —---- -—--—-—— “_- _------—-—-- --- _---—-- -- --- I I I 2O 5 I O I I I 2 —-----—--—_-----~-— --——-—'-—-- l O 2 I 6 I O l I I -—- --—-———--—-—— —--—-—--— ——---—— '5— -.——-—--_--- -—-—--_--_ I , I I I 22 I I I 2 I 5 I O I I I I ------—----_—----- —-—- -————-----—-—_ -----—————---—- _- 21 _..._ I _..._. 3IIO _ —-——--__-——-—--—---——- _ —_-_--.——_ I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I I -—_._ : -—-—---—_-—--—-———_———---—-—--——---_—----..- I 23 I 5 I ZLI I 5 I O I O I 3 I I I I _—_-—-_ __ —— .—-———_——-_—_--—_— —----——-———-— I I 5 - I O I O I 3 I I I I I I 5 I O I O I 3 I I I I I I I 27 I 3 I O I 5 I O I I I I 28 I 3 I I I 1+ I a 3O I 2 I I I 5 I O _——— “--—-~—-----—-——---—- —— ~_--—-- --———_-—----——-—--- -----—--~---- —--—---—_-—————- ———---——---—-———_ ——_—_—---— —————————.-———————-— n--—--—— - -— __-------——-——— —— I I NO SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I O I 3 I 5 I O I I I —— _ _ —--_--—-—-—~-———-———¢---———_—- —--—-—-_ QUESTION I NEVER I 35 36 I I I I 5 I I I 37 I I I 2 I. 5 I O I I I . I I I . I I 38 I 3 I I I N I O I I ' I I I ' I I I 39 I 1+ I O I A I O _-.——-—-—_---————_—--—-—--_‘ _- hO I I I S I I I I MI I h I I I 3 I O I I I I I I I I #2 I I I 2 I S I O I I I I ————----_~—-—— — .__ — __—-~--~—_———-—————— I I #3 I 3 I 3 I 2 I O I 45 I h I O I h I O #6 I .__— U1 _.I N 'S --_ --- --- cl.‘ IJ' I I IT‘II‘ III III ‘II D I O I - ‘ III‘QI VII-I‘ll I I . . r I -I.-vi] II.II" III‘IIII'II II I. III. I I» ....... ‘ I II {I I V I II I In TII‘T‘ “II‘|J II.IIII IIIIII‘II VIII-III- I‘ll] TII- II‘III] III-III- I“.l‘l V IIIII ‘IIOOIO I.'I..V. I]- \I‘ '''''' ‘Ill— -_---—--——-——_——-—_“—---——-__-———-_—— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I —-———-—--—-n——--—— -___q__—._ _— I I I 1+7 I 2 I LI I 2 I I I I I I I I 1+8 I 7 I I I O I O I I I I I I I I 1+9 I O I 2 I 6 I O I I I I I I I I SO I O I O I 8 I O I I I I I I I I SI I I I 2 I 5 I O I I I I I I I I 52 I O I 2 I 6 I O I I I I I I I I 53 I 3 I O I 5 I O I I I I ~-—-—--—.————_— —— _——————-———---—-U-uu————————-——--n _ .__ _—-—_---_---_—— I I I SO I 2 I O I 6 I O I -. I I I I I I O I O I I I I I 56 I I I I I 6 I O I I I I I I I I 57 I 2 I 2 I I'+ I O I I I I I ' I I I 58 I 2 I 2 I O I O I I I I -~---—---—--- ——-_- —-—- ——— —-_ "‘——---— -—-———-——— —_--_ .__--__ I‘ll‘II rJIIII‘III Ill-'III. ‘IIIOIII III"! ‘II III II I II.IIII‘ '.I 'I' .0 I [III-IV- ‘IIIS I..I"l|o Vl’l‘l I. a“'.vl ‘I'II:I T 1.11.] IIlIlo-II I’ll-VI- " '1... III TIl’I‘IIIIO II.II] 1I‘llI Q‘III“ "1‘01 '''''' IIIIIIIIII“ IllIl-‘Il fIIIl‘II‘lII III'IIIII 'lIlil‘II‘ IIIIIII --_-——--_——_ ‘—--—_--- .— ~—-———-—---_-——--—-_ I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I —- _ _—---—-——_-—-_—-_-—- _---_--——-_ I I 3 I 3 I O I I I I I I I 6O I 3 I 2 I 2 I I I I I I —-‘------- _ —- -——_-—--—-—--—-——----_-—_ .__--_— I 59. I 2 61 I 2 I 3 I 2 I I —----—~-_--—----—— _ -—_ ——. -—----—_ O S N N :- -—---—----—————————-—--—- — -——- —--—------ I I I 63 I 3 I 3 I 2 O I I I 61+ 0‘ --—---———----- —-——--—--------— I I 65 I 7 I O I I O I I I I I I I I 66 l 7 I I I O O I I I -——------—-— —=-—-—--—— __ — I I I 67 I 7 I I I O -—_-~--_ _ —--—-_————-—-——-—-—-——— —-——-———— I I I 68 8 I O I O I C.- ——~—-- - ——----———---—-—-------—----- ———_-- I I I I 2 I 3 I O I I I I I I 7O I 2 3 I 3 O I I I I -~ ~------ _-—---—--_——--——- ~-------—--———--_-—---_-_-— I 69 I 3 31th Iv III'I IIII'I Ill II.II \! .. II aaa ‘I‘II“ II.IVI III4I‘.‘ Is III I Ilill o I I] .III‘ IIIII 'III“ IIIIIII I I III II“ 'III‘II‘ IIIIII II.II-III III III- II II I.I. II III III'IIIII- IIIIIIIII‘ TIIJ.III.IIII I! III II. III III III II.II-III I I II- II. IIIIII II.II-III IIIIIII "'.lfil II." I,‘ I- _-——-—---——-——--_—--——— ———__ ——_ ——---—- --—-— —--_ I NO I ——---_--—_——-—-—-—_-———-- -_—- —_--——_ -__—-__- -- —-——— -_—_—- I I I I 7“ I 6 I 2 I O I O l I I I -“—-------—-————&-.- ——“——----~—~—-——-—-——-—-‘-— —-.¢-——-— -In—c-ID-u- 75 I 1+ l 2 I 2 I O ----—-—---—-_——-—--_-—-—--—--—_-—----__-————-—-——-—----—— I 77 I 6 I O I 2 I O -—---~—--~----~--——_--_—-_-——_-_—--_-~-——----—----- ——-——-——~—— —----——_ -—-—_ ”nu-.- —-_—-—_c—n—-—_-.— —-—-—-———--.-p “——-_. I I I I 79 I 8 I O I O I O I I I I -________-__-__-_._;_-___ _ | _____________________ 8m 8 I O I O I I I I I I 8 I 0 I II I O I I I I I I I _ 82 I 8 I a I II I O I I I I -~.-_--------—-—-———— —I.-_ -_ C..- ~—----— ----—_-—--_--_----- ----— 81 ‘I II III IIII O I l. I . IIIIIII ‘IIII‘ ‘IIDI. ‘.III‘II II . I I v I II.II- vI’I‘ll I I I I w .III, \I'III. vI‘ III I I I‘III -.IIII.II ~ll III III II'III .III III 7‘ III III, III 'II IIIII VIII I II II.II III III I I [‘11. I I I I A I I v I: I I I I II c. I I I I __ _- ~—--- —- —_ —-—-l—_ -—-——_—-—-—-—_—_-_—--—---—-_- —_—-_ _-- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I 83 I 3 I 2 I 3 I O I I I I -——--——-—--——-—--——.--—--- — —‘- ——-——-——--—---— 84 I 3 I 2 I 3 I O -—-_—-~-—--—-__——‘——-__—.—--__-_——u-——_------_--——---_ -___ I I I I 87 3 I 2 I 3 I O 7 I O I I I O -——-—--~——————_--—-u -————_—-—-—-———-———-—--——-—--——_---_ I I 92 I 3 I 2 93 I 5 I O I 3 I O -~——--——_--——- _——-—————-—-_-—-- -——--——-—_ -__—_--——-—-_—— -----—-- -——-----——-—— —-n————— —_ ————--——— -— —— "H———-——--—__—— 3116 3h? I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 95 I 7 I O I I I O I I I I _ I I I I 96 I 5 I I I 2 I 0 I I I I -—_--—_—————_————— -— ----— --—--_——-——--_---—_-—--_—- .__- _——- 97 I 7 I O I I I O —-———--------——-———_—-'—_—_—---_-————-—--— -—-——-———_--—_—— 99 l O I 3 I 5 l O I I I l - _- -_—- -___-_----——-——--—-— --—_ -_—---_--—_——-—--_-_—_--_ I I I I IOO I 3 I O I 5 I O —--—------—--_——_--—_0‘-—-— —_ _——-————-———_————-———-----___ , . v I I I I ‘ I I I I I I u u . I I I I I I v I I I I I _ - J: ,—— APPENDIX Z Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) A S Answered by IndividuaIS'with 12—lh Years of EXperience 3b8 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-I%% (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 12$. YEARS EXPERIENCE < IS _-— ------—-—--—---———-—‘-——--—-—_—------——-——-—-——-—-——_ — I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I --- --—--—- _-——-——--—- _---u—o-_— -- ----—~ —-—_--———-- I I I I I I 5%.%% I 25.%% I 12.5% I 12.5% _—--—-—-— _---——-—- -———--————--———-_--_———_-——- --——-————— I 2 I 5%.%% I .%% I 12.5% I 37.5% I I I I 3 I 37.5% I 25.%% I 12.5% I 25.%% -~ -—-—---—--—-—--- —_ ——_— ----—- -—- —--------_-__-- —-_“-- _— I I I I A I 5¢.¢m I 12.5% I 25.¢w I 12.5% _ _-----I--_____—---I__-—_-__--_I--——_-_----I___-_-_---_ 5 I 25.00 I 37.5% I 25.¢¢ I 12.5¢ "'7’_"_"I'”—""__"'-I'—""" 7 I__-— 7“? """""""""" 6 I 37.5% I .%% I 62.50 I ——---—-.—h———----.— _ I . 7 I 25.%% I 25.%% I 5%.%% I .%% —-—--—-—---——— ---———-——--—-—-—-——— ".——-—_—— -—— ~——-———--— -— 12.5% I 37.5% I 12.5% ---— _—_-----—-—_--- -—----_-—_—---——-----_-—_-—--_-_—-_-—_ I I 9 I 37.5% I .%% I 5%.%% I 12.5% c II II. III I t N I II.IIIII C 393 __——_-_- ————--— —--———— -—-— —--——— -——-_-----——_ I I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I l I I I II I 5%.%% I 25.%% I 25.%% I .%% QUESTION _-_—------—--—-— -—-—-— —-———_ -——‘-—--——--—--——- '- l | I 12 I 62.5% I 37.5% I .%% I I I I I I I I I3 I 62.5% I 37.5% I .%% I .%% — -—-——-——-——--——-_ —- _- ---—-—-_- —-—-—--_—------_ -—— -—---_ _- I I I I 14 I 62.5% I 37.5% I .%% I .%% -__--__ --——--—--—---—-—--—‘-——-——-———-—'— -——- -—- __ —--_--— I I I I 15 I 75.%% I 25.%% l .%% I .%% I I6 I 37.5% I 25.%% I 37.5% I .%% —--_--__—— ——-——--—--—-—_——— -————-c----—--—--—--—- I I 12.5% I 37.5% I 25.%% I7 I 25.%% _ | _.__ — _ ._______._____F__..._.___. 18 I 12.5% 25.%% 62.5% I .%% 25.%% I I I9 I 25.0% 5%.%% I .%% -—~-——-——-——--————----—————-—— _—- —----‘— I I I I 2% I 62.5% I .%% I 12.5% I 25.%% I I I I I I I I 21 I .%% I 25.%% I 75.%% I .%% —--—-—--—--—-————---——--‘- _— —-——-——_—--—-_—__-_‘- I I I I 22 I 12.5% I 25.%% I 62.5% I .%% _----—-----_- -—-——_ -C. -_——-—-—-———— —-n—- ——--————-— _—_——-- — _ _ 351 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I —-- --—-—--—— _—---—————————-——-——---———- ——-— --------—-—-- __-— ------ I I I 23 I 62.5% I 12.5% I .%% —--—_-—--—-—-—-———-~-*——— --— _— —_ ---—-- 25.%% I I I 24 I 62.5% I .%% I .%% I I I l __ — _~-—--—-—- _..-_-_—-——.—-_--——__---—__—-——--_--_ I I I 25 I 62.5% l .%% I .%% I 37.5% 27 I 37.5% I .%% I 62.5% l .%% —- ---———----——-—-—-‘_‘--_—-_-—-- ——-—----—-—- I I 28 I 37.5% I 12.5% I 5%.%% I .%% _—_ —-—-—----—-~ -h---———- -- -——----— ——_--— ———-————---—-—- I 29 I 25.%% I 12.5% I 62.5% I .%% -----~—_--- -—-----—-— --—--------—-— -—------------ I I I I 3A I 25.¢w I! 12.5¢ I 62.5% I .aa -—~—-_— — __ _----— __ -—-_——--———_-—-_———_- l I I 25.%% I 12.5% I 62.5% I .%% 3I _- —- _———---— —-—- E --— I I I l 32 5%.%% I 12.5% I 37.5% I .%% _ ----—-—-- _-‘—-- ---- -_--- —---—-—--‘--_ -- -- ----- I I I 5%.%% I .%% I 5%.%% I .%% —_‘ - 33 --—- ___--—----__-—-—-——-—-------_— I I I ' I 3h I .wm I 12.50 I 87.5¢ I .¢¢ --_-- --------——-_ —‘--—-- ----—-_—---—-——--—-— —- ---— -— _--- OIIII III!!! 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IIIIII IIIJII IIIIII IIII.II. IIIIII IIIIIIII IIIII IIIIIII IIIIII IJIIII IIIIII VIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIII». II.III IIIIIII IIIIII IIIIIIIII III‘IIII II.I‘III II-III III I .IIII. ..vI.. III .. 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I I ID I ' ID | 2 I 2 I D I I I I -—_ —--—-_- ——-———-- —_ —————-————---—-—_— --—-~—-——_—-_-_— —_ -—I 359 7 ‘—-‘—-__--.-_—_---- —— ‘-—_- ———--—_——~-—-___————--_--—----—- I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I . I I 11 I 1 I I I 2 I O I I I I I I I I 12 I 3 l O I 1 I O I I I I I I I I 13 I 2 I 2 I O I O I I I I I I I 1L1 I 3 I O I O I 1 I I I I I I I I 15 I 3 I O I 1 I O I I I I I I I I 16 I 1 I O I 3 I O 'I I I I I I I I 17 I 1 I O I 2 I 1 I I I I ' I I I I 18 I I I O I 3 I O I . I I I I I I I 19 I 1 I I I 2 I O I I I I I I I I 2O I 2 I O I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I 21 I O I 1 I 3 I O I I I I — -—--—-—-—_————— ‘—.---—_—“'——--‘_———-—-——_—-— I I I I 22 I I I O I 3 I O I I I I —~ —- *------ --——--—_—--—-- ---——-----———--_———--_- _--—--_ 360 361 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 23 I 2 I I I O I I I I I l I I I 21+ I 3 I O I O I I I I I I I I I I 25 I 3 I O I O I I I I I I -__ _———----- -- I 26 I 3 I O I O I I —--—_—_ ————_-——-—-I—-————_-—--__-—- -— --—-—--————-———-_——-i— -—-----_ _--- _—_-—-__——--—-—_—-__—--—---_- -_---_— I I I I 28 I 1 I O I 3 I O I I I I I I I I 29 I 1 I O I 3 I O I I I I I I I I 3O I 1 I O I 3 I O I I I I I ‘ I I I 31 I 1 I O I 3 I O I I I I I I I I 32 I 1 I 1 I 2 I O I I I I ———————-~_-—---——_-—————-——_- ———---——_————_ ---—---—-—--- 33 I 2 | I l I I O --_---—“_-—-.——--—---_—--—_—-—---—-——---—- -_—-—_-——-- .I.-._- --—- -__“ -—-- —- —----—-—- —— ————---————- -—------—_-—---—-_-- ‘ 362 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I _ I I I 35 I O I I I 3 I O I I I I ' I I I I 36 I I I O I 3 I O I I I I I I I I 37 I O I I I 3 I O I I I I I I I I 38_ I O I I I 3 I O I I I I -__- -“---—---.--- — _—-- -—--—--_—--—-—------—-—--‘-- I I I 39 I 3 I O I I I O I I I I —-_-_-—~-~-‘---‘_~ ---—- -_ ----- --------_-------—.—_- ———— -————-_—~ --—- —— --.—-_—-_- —— -----—— -- -----—- I I I * I 1+2 I I I O I 3 I O I I I I I I I I LI3 I 2 I O I 2 I O I I I I --———- — ~—----—-——-—-—-‘--¢—-—— -¢------—-—----— MI I I I I I 2 l O I I I l I I I I I+5 I I I I I 2 I O I I I I __-..--—-_-~—-——-—-—.I.—--——_— .__-—- -—_-_—-— ---- I I I I #6 I 2 I O I 2 I O I I I I _---_—~-—---———--—-——--——_ —————-— -__ --—-_ -— ——-—-—-— ‘—-— f I I I . c I II .0 ' II \ I III! .I E I I I. III ‘oIrchI VIVIIII III. I I- .l Ir .0 OYII 13:. I .I III] I l I - II Ill‘“.nl I II Ili. II]- III"- IJ'I‘I‘ IIIVJI‘ VIIIIIIJ .I.“! I‘VIII ‘I‘IIIIIO IDtII‘l' III“; I .I III! III III I ‘I‘ I III! I II. 363 - _ - _--_-—--_—_—--————————-—_----——--—-—--—--'-———-——-- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES : ROUTINELY : RESPONSE I I _----~---*_ _ -; _..._—-_.—-.-—_-—--——--—---—---—--- I I #7 I I I I I 2 I O I I I I I I I 3 I O I I I O I I I I I I I 49 I O I I I 3 I O I I I I I I I I SO I O I O I 4 I O I I I I I I I I SI ' I I I O I 3 I O l I I I I I I I 52 I I I O I 3 | O I I I I I I I I 53 I I I O I 3 I O I I I I I I . I I 54 I 2 I I I O I I I I I I -- -——~-—_-----——-_—----—- --- -————-_.—--—-----——---—--_--- .I.~ (I) —--.- -_ —- ---_-———-__-———_-——_-—-_--—- -_——-——-—-_ -_.—---——_- —---_—-—- —---—--— —_-—_-—!— ————— -— -- -——-—~---———-n—————-—- I I I I 57 I O I O I 4 I O I I I I I I | I 58 I I I O I 3 I O I I I I ------- -——---—- -_——--—----- '-.----_—-——-———_ _-—-——---- --- I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I 59 I I I I GO I I I I l I I I I 61 l O I I I 3 I O I I I I I I I I 62 I O l O I 3 I I I I I I I I I 63 l I I O I 2 I I I I I —---- ---— --_ I I 6% I I I I I I I I 65 I I I 2 I O I I -—--__--——---— -—--———_-—--__-———_-—_--__———_ --—-—----—_ --——-—--——---——— -—- ——I%—-———-—— ——-————--———~—--—_ -——---——-— I I I I 69 I O I O I 3 I I I I I l I l I I 7O I O I O I 3 I I I I I I _--._—--— -———-—--—--——-— ——-——-__-_-- -_--—---—— - I III I... V I III I II] I . ‘III III | I \I‘ I II ‘II' 0 I v I S I v I . I O I \III III. II III III III III! III III I. III III! III 'I III. III. II I I I I . 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II'I‘II IIIIIIIIUIII II.II-III I‘II I‘I‘I‘ "UI'II I'lloI 365 I NO I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I l I I I 71 I O I O I 3 I I l ' I l I I l l l 72 I O I O I 3 l 1 l l I I l I I l 73 I O I O I 3 l I I I I I . l l I I 7“ I 3 I O I O I 1 l I I l -——-- —-——---_——————-— ———-— ---—— -——-— _..-_ --——-——-——- -- —-- -—--—_-————~_—_.—---—--—~-——-—_-—--—---—_——---—_——-_--_ 77 I 1 _l 1 I 1 l I I l I I I I I l 78 l 2 I 1 I 0 I 1 I l I I I I I I 79 I - 3 l O l O l I I I I I I I I I 8O I 3 I O I O l l I l I I I I I I 81 l 1 l 2 I m I 1 l I l I I I I I 82 I 3 I O l O l 1 I I I l -_- —-----_- _- -——-____-——_-_——-—_—-_--—_——-—-———_ ————_-—- 366 I I NO I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I ' I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I I I I I I I 83 I ¢ I 2 I 2 I fl I ' I I I I l l l 81+ I (a I I | 2 | 1 -----—---—-_--—‘ _ —--—_--———-———_—-_--—-_-—_-_-—_- 85I'¢I an 3| 1 -—_--—-—_—--———— -- —— -———_-—-——.—-——- —_-——— -—-------‘__—— _-..- | I I I 87 I w I I I 2 I I I | I I I I I I 88 I w I I I 2 I I I I I I I I I I 89 A I Q I ¢ I 3 I I I l I _-— .__-_--————-—_——-—-____——--_--——-—-—--———-—_ --—-————_ -- I SQ I fl I fl I 3 I I —~__ —_-— ---‘---—-——_-———_-__.__-_..._... _————_-_—__---_—---_ —-—---_—~--——----- —-——_—-——-———-——--—_———--——_—_ —_——-_ -———-_-——-——-—-—-—_—_ .__—.___—-————-—— ——-.———--——-—_——- ——_—— -----—“— _— —-- -—-——-—‘-—-———--_—-----——-————_--—~- ~—-———-_ 1......{4 ——-—_—-—————_—-——_—— ——C———o ——————___ "h———_ _—-————___———---_ I I I I NO QUESTION I ‘ NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I ---- —----.-———-——_-—-_-————— .O—————-—--_————-- __ __-—---_--- I I I I 96 I 1 I (D I 2 I I I I I I —— —- _--_——--—-—_—-——--——--—-_-- _-—-—-—---——— ——_-_— "-—-—— ‘- 97 l 2 I (23 I I I I —_—--—-~-_----_ -—-——_—-”—_——- __—__—_--—_—-———-———_——--— 99 I 0 I I I 3 I II —-————_—————— -————-——-_-——_———— ————-—'-‘_—————————_--——-_—__ APPENDIX AB Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) As Answered by Individuals with 15-17 Years of Experience 368 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I—Iww (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WI TH 15 $YEARS EXPERIENCE <18 -----—-———---_-—-—-——_ _— -——--—-———————-—-——-— I I NO SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I -——-- ——-—-—-—-— -———————__—-_ —_-_---————— ——---—_— I I I I I I 75.¢w I .0” I .ww I 25.wm I I I I I I I I 2 I 75.¢U I .OO I .OO I 25.U0 _--—-—_—_-——_-‘---_---—— —- -————-—————--—-———-—--~——----_ - I QUESTION I NEVER I 3 l 5%.0fl I 25.0Q I 25.¢w I .OO --— -—------— ——- -——---_-—----—_——--————--_-—---—_-———-_——— -----_——-~—----——-—-----_—-. ————_-——“— ———-_—-——-——--—-- .QU -——--——-.—————-- -—— -— _-_-—_—-—————--_-—- --—-—-—-—-—- —- _..._- I l l I 7 I .OO I 25.0% I 75.¢0 I .OO I I I I I I l I 8 I 25.¢w I .O0 I 75.¢0 I .O0 —---——- -— -————-—-———-_————-——_ -_—-————- ~-- —-————-— —-_ -— c.— l I I I 9 I 25.¢w I 25.¢m I 5%.%% I .ww —---_-—_-I_-___----__T_-_----—-w_I--__-—__---T-_-—"—---—_ IO I .ww I 50.¢m I 5¢.¢0 I .ww -—---—--~ __-_———--—_—-——— —— -- -—----——_--- _.c—---_—--——-—_— 369 NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I .__-_..._cn—g-hfl—nn-u-n-I-l——I-.-n--—-—-—-——n-—--_———---I——-——---- _-..- _--— I I I I II I 25.¢¢ I 25.¢¢ I s¢.¢¢ I .ww --_-_- I _—_-I_-_—-_—---I--_-_--—--—I-——----__-- 12 I 75.¢w I .mm I 25.¢0 I .%w I I I‘ I I I I I I3 I 5¢.¢0 I 5¢.¢¢ I .mw I .wm --__--_-I—---—_-_---I_-_-_--_--_I-__---__---I__-__----_- 14 I 7s.¢w I .%% I .ww I 25.00 I I I I I I I I Is I 75.¢¢ I .na I 25.¢¢ I .wm --- ~ -------- -__-—-- -------- -- —-- ---------------- —— —----— l I I6 I 25.¢0 I .OO I 75.¢0 I .OO _————————-—--_-_-————--—-———-—-—-—--——-——-———--——---_-—--- I7 I 25.9% .OO -_--—-~ -——— -__ ------——-—-—- —-—-——I——-—u-—--—-—--- —— -—--- _ I I I I 18 I 25.¢9 I .OO I 75.¢¢ I .OO ----—-_--———--—--_----—- -_——-—--—-———-—-—-— ---———-——— -— _- I I I I- I9 I 25.¢¢ I 25.¢¢ I 5¢.¢¢ I .nw ‘‘‘‘‘‘ "T"""""T"“""'"”l'""'"-"'.‘." 5¢.¢m I .ww I 25.nm I 25.¢¢ ’"'-'“"-T'_""-"'"T_"_-_""--I‘-"""_“'I“"”""""_ 2I l .¢¢ I 25.¢¢ I 75.¢¢ I .Iw I I I I I I I I 2; I 25;¢¢ I .IE I 75.¢¢ I .mw ------------———---————_ —- —- —---_-—_--—— -—__-—-— ——-——- —__ N S I I I II II I III I I I I I I I I I I I I o . 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III I .‘ Illil ——--—-~———-'—— ——-———— -—-——--_———---—--—--—--_—_—_--—-—-—-— I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE _ _--_--_I—-‘-_—----I- — l_--------_T ----------- 71 I .33 I .33 I I I I I I I 72 I .33 I .33 I 75.33 I 25.33 I I I I I I I I 73 I .33 I .33 I 75.33 I 25.33 I I I I I I I I 76 I 75.33 I .33 I .33 I 25.33 I I I I I I I I 75 I 25.33 I .33 I 53.33 I 25.33 -—_--——--—-—-—--———-—-— —_ _ -——--——-—-_-------—---l I I I l 76 I 5¢.¢0 I 25.¢¢ I .¢¢ I 25.¢¢ I _———_-------~———--_-—~~~— — _—_-_———-—--- --—_____--—-_—_-—--——-——-——-————-— -—— -——-—— .— ---— -— —— -——— ---—-—.—-—-— _- -— --—-—— --—-—_-——----- --—--—-__———-_—- -_— — - —----—-——-*———_-— —— --— _-—_ -—— .— _..._ --——-——- -——_—-—--—— I I I I 83 I 75.33 I .33 I .33 I 25.33 -_-_-_--I___---_----I__----_-__-I-._--__-‘-I—-___—---—- 81 I 25.33 I 53.33 I .33 I 25.33 '-_"_'_—'I_--—----‘-—I-‘--‘"-—"--I--—------_-I"-__----’-_ 82 I 75.33 I .33 I .33 I 25.33 -__ -_--——---—-- -——— —- —————- -_ _————— ——_----———_ -_. —__ —_- _— 376 ————__-—--—--—--—-—-—-——- —— —— ———-——-———— --————-- -—- _-——-— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I —----—--—-—-————— —-—-—-—--——---—-------——---—--_----—_—— Gag -—--- ~—-——_- --_. —_ -_-__--—_------—_——_--_—--—-—_— —-——-_-- I I I I 83 I .33 I 25.33 I 53.33 I 25.33 —-‘-—_-_—I—-_—-_—---_I_--—-___-_—I_--_-———--_I_---_-_‘_-- 85 I .33 I .33 I 75.33 I 25.33 -—--—--—.I____-_-__-_I___-*—-__-_I------‘-_—_I__"_-__--__ 86 I .33 I .33 I I33.33 I .33 I I I I I I I I 87 I .33 I 25.33 I 53.33 I 25.33 __---_---I_-—__-_--_-I__-_"-—-—"_I—_-’---——--I-—---—-"--- 88 I .33 I 25.33 I 53.33 I 25.33 --_----“-I-_—-_—-"-"_I-___-—___-_I_—-__-—-__-I---n__-_--T 89 I .33 I .33 I 75.33 I 25.33 _—-----I__—__--_-_-I-____—__-_—I-—-_-_-__—-I_--_-_-—_-" 93 I .33 I .33 I 75.33 I 25.33 I I I I I I I I 9I I 25.33 I 25.33 I 25.33 I 25.33 -_b--—_--I-___——__-__I--_---___-—I----_---—-_I—_—_-—“—___ 92 I .33 I 25.33 I 53.33 I 25.33 __--_--I___--——___-I__-‘-_---~_I_—-——--_-_-I__-—-_-—_-_ 93 I .33 I 25.33 I 53.33 I 25.33 . I 94 I 5¢.¢0 I .OO I 25.¢@ I 25.33 _——...—_—---——__——- —-.-. —-—_—— —--_ _—————---——————————_———--__—-— _-__ _ _.__——_——_—._———-— ———-—_-——— --————_—-_—-—---—— I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I ——_—- ---—- -- -— -— -—‘———-— ——— -—— —- .- ————-—-— _——- —_----—--—_- 95 25.00 I 25.00 I 25.00 I 25.00 I I I I I 96 I 25.00 I .00 I 50.00 I 25.00 TTTTTITTTTTTTTTTTTITT TTTTTT'ITTTTTTTTTTITTTTTTTTT 97 I 50.00 I .00 I 25.00 I 25.00 T T I TT TT TIT T T TI TTT TTTI TTTTTT TTTTTTTTITTTTTTTTTI TTTT T T I TTT T T T T T T T 99 I .00 I 25.00 I 75.00 I .00 TTTTTTTTTITTTTTTTTTTTTTT TT? TTTTT TTT TTTT I00 I .00 I 25.00 I 75.00 I .00 __- _---.-———-—-_—-—_--_————_—-—————————_——-—-—— —_-——-—--- 377 APPENDIX AC Responses to Questions 1~lOO As Answered by IndividuaIS'with 18-20 Years of Experience 378 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-I00 AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH 18$ YEARS EXPERIENCE < 21 _ —-__ “~“—---— _ I I NO SOMETIMES I ROUTINE LY I RESPONSE I I _ ——_ — I I I I I I S I 0 I I I I I I I I ---- _— ----_ —_ — __‘ ----- -- I QUESTION I NEVER I 2 I 1+ I 2 I 0 I I I I I I I I l S I 0 I I I I I I I ---- —- —-----——-----—----—- _ — _ —-—-—--- I I I I I 3 | 2 I I I I I _----—-—_-—-—--—--—~-—----—---———------- I I I | 5 I I I 2 I 2 I 2 I I I I I I I 6 I I I 0 I 5 I I I I -* _fi—n -- --——-~--: I I l I I I I 7 I 0 I 2 I ’4 I I I I I I I I l I I 8 I I I 2 I 3 I l I I I I I I l 3 I 1 I 2 I I I l I -------_—--—-——- —------——— -—- ——---—_——-—-—--_-——— _..-_—_- I I3 I II 3| 2‘I I 3&D ---------—-—-_- -— ~--———-_—-¢m-—- -- —-_-_- I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I -———-————-—.--—_-—-—---------—— —- ----_—- -__-- ------- ~--—-----—_- -——--—-—--——u-----—‘—.—_———-_--—— I7 I 1+ l I I 0 I 2 I I I I I9 I 6 I I I 0 I 0 I I I I 20 I 6 21 I 3 I I l l I I I ——— I -_— l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 22 l 0 I 5 I 2 I 0 Illll I I. III III III.» I I I I I I23 I I .I.: u I I I II I II III I I I II 1. I quI III I ) A I I I I III I v I I III I I I w I I I I I I .I III I I I I I II III II o I I I II I I III... I I I 0 III {II I III I III III I I I II IAJ III 1 I I I I II I I II A o. .I . .; I l I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I l 23 I S I O I O I I I I I . I I I I 24 I 6 I w I (a I I I I I I I l I I 25 I 6 I w I. 0 l 1 l I I I - — ---—-_--—-—-— --—------—-——-— ---—_-—~ —-_-—- —----——-_——-_—- ~-— 2 --—-—-—--—--————---~-—-----_——-—-—_--——-'b —-——-_-—-_— l I , l 1+ I ¢ I I I | l I I I2) I 3 I 1+ l a I I I _— —_._ _..._ _ _— _ —‘ _— — ---——-~ I 32 2 3 I II I I I (a I 1 l l l I l ”,I l | l 3n I w I 3 l LI I w 33 5 __ —- —— _.___- —— I-I-——-—-—-—————---' —_—__ --------—~---—--—l- _ ——- ---— -—_——----—_—-_-_----__ 381 II‘I'ID v.41". IIIII I1. I I nl \ A II... I] I. .I ll 'I‘II,1 lull-111} I . 1. . ,‘x‘llllo IJ’\IIIII \Il‘dllllllill I II I II 1-!III" '15 'I I Illl .III '11 -‘OI I.) III... II «3‘ I}. 1 III. utIII'llll. 'II‘O.I . I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I 35 I I) I 3 I LI I I I I I _— —‘ .__——-_---------_----———--_—-----—-——--_---- ID ’_—_ -—----—--——_--—~————-_-——_ -—--——---—_—————--— (D l 3 I 1+ I I0 I I I I I I 5 I (D I I I I I I I ____ __ __--_—5_-_-_—-—_—-_—--——-————----—_-——- l l I l l .- 1+3 I 3 2 I I I I I I I I I I I MI I S I I I I3 I I I I I I I I. I 1+5 I 2 2 I 2 I I I I I I as I LI --’—--——---— ——————-—- ____--_—_———————_———————-——-—-—-————— —-—-————— 383 I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I L+7 I 5 I I I O I e I I I I I I I I 1+8 I 6 I Q) I 9) l I I I I I _ -—_--—-_—----——--——_----_--—— —— — _---- ---—---—-—-— --—_-_—_-_--—----—-—----———-— -__-- 59 I (I I I I 6 I ¢ --—-- _— I SI l fl I 3 --—----——-—- -— ---- --- —-—~_—— -_--_—.—- ——-———-———-_—- _--- I I I I 52 I (D I 3 | b: I I0 I I I I — ‘— ---— _——-————-— —-_—_ —-- -——-——_ -—-_-- -——— —- _- _-- 53 I 2 l 3 I 2 I I0 —_-_-_- ----_---———-——-—————————--_.--_—---—-——--—--—-———-_ 57 I (D I 0 I 7 I (D 58 I fl I I?) I 7 I fl -------—--—------_---—-——_— ---—---—-—- -—-— --._ ___-_ --___ I .l I I I I w a. v I. I I x I I I I II.IIII I .‘II ____ _____-__.____-______..__-_.._-_______._____ 38).; l ‘ I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY l RESPONSE I I l I I ' l I I 59 I O I I l 6 l O I I I l I I 6O I 3 O I 1,, I O I I I I I I I I 61 I I I I I 5 I O I I l I ._= __ _ C..— —-—— —_ —— -- I 62 I O I O I 7 I O | I I I I I I I 63 I I I 3 I 3 I O I I I I ---—---—--—_-————-—-—— ———-—_—-—-—-——-_-_ ———__— --—--- -———---.—-—-- -——-—-—--—-— ‘---—— -~-----~--_— -__ _- 0‘ U1 U'l — — ~-——------—-—-*-———--——---—————-———-__ —-_.__-- I I I I 66 I 6 I O I I I O I I I I ---_--—---—--—-—-‘ _.— _--- I I 6 I O I I I O I I O ____--—-_- ——_--——_ --_-- —-_--—- OIIiI I I. II.‘ IIIIII. III IIII IIIII I I I ' I ‘l I I. I 'I I III IIII‘.I I I V II I l I I I I I I I I II I I I III III III III III I I I I II.IIQII‘ II I I III II.II I .l I. I III II I I I I I 1.. II I I In.) III III I II II I I III-IIIIII 385 —-_--——-—._-_-—_—--———_—~——----—-—_ -~-—-———--—————-——-—-- I I ‘ I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I 71 I O I I I 6 I O I I I I _— __ — ———-—------————_-———-—---——-—- 72 I (D l 2 l 5 I ¢ I 73 I 0 I 1 I 6 l I | I —----~----—_- .__ -———_—--------—-—----——--- --—_-- I I I l 74 : 7 : fl J- '______.___.__l _ __ — -_____-'_ ----------- 75 I u l O 3 I O I l l I 76 I 5 I I l 1 I O I I I I I I I I O I u I O l I l I I l I I . 78 l 6 l 1 I O l O I l l I I I l l 79 I 7 l O I O I O I I I I I I l l 8O I 6 I O l I l O l I I l ‘_ ———-———-------——--—--——-_--—--~_- l 5 I 0 I 2 l I?) l I l l I l I 82 I 7 | ID | 9 l fl I I I I 81 -_- ‘l \I’ — ——--—-—---——------—-- _— I' I NO ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ——-—————_—-——— -—‘—‘ n-—--_--—_--_—-_— I QUESTION I I 83 O I 2 I I I I I I I I 2 I 4 I O I I I -—- ————-_ -——-———— -——- ———--— —-—-- -—----—--— --—_--— I I I I 85 I O | O I 7 I O I I I I I I I I l O I O I 7 I O I I I I I I I I I 2 I O I S I O I I I I I I I I 88 l 2 I O I 5 I O I I I I I I I I 89 I O I O I 7 I O I I I I I l I I 9O I O I O I 7 I O I I I I --——-.—--————-——-—-——-—_-——-—--_---- ---—----_ _I I I I 91 I 3 I O I 4 I O I I I I 3 I O I I I 1 I 4 I O -— -_--———-h——--——---- —-— —--—--—— 9% I 5 I O I 2 l O _---—‘----.-_-—- -—-—— -----————--- -—--—- -— --- -—-- _-- -—— -—— 386 v v I I I I I 9 II III III III 1 II I I: V 387 ~-_--— - —_———--__-_---—--_--—---—_—-_--_—-_--—-_-—- _—-—_ I I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE - =—__,-_——_-—--—----——_-_——_-———“—-—--—--—-——_—-_- 95 ——---——--—---__-——--—-—---_——— ---—-—-—-----_- 96 I I I I I I O I I l I I I 6 I O I I I (a I I I I I I I I 99 .. I O I I l 6 I a I I I I I I I I IOO I I I O I 6 I O I I . I I I ‘97 I 5 98 APPENDIX‘AD Responses to Questions 1-100 (Per Cent) As Answered by IndividuaIS‘wiih 18-20 Years of Experience 388 A SURVEY OF THE DUTIES OF MEDICAL ASSISTANTS RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS I-IOO (PER CENT) AS ANSWERED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH I8.$.YEARS EXPERIENCE < 21 - -.------—--------_ I I I QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I I I I 7I.h3 I .OO I I I I -——-—-_ --—--—- ———- ——— _.- .._—-__ —- —--—— ———- _-- --———-—-_—-—— _- I I I I 2 I 57.1h I 28.57 I .II I Iu.29 I I I I l I I I 3 I 71.43 I .II I 14.29 I Iu.29 l ----- —-- “- —-——-----_——— -— -—— _—-—---- —--_--—_————- ----- I I I I u I 1h.29 I h2.86 I 28.57 I Iu.29 I I I I I I I I S : 1h.29 : 28.57 : 28.57 I 23.57 I I I I _-_ ----_ 6 I 1h.29 I .¢¢ I 71.43 I Iu.29 I I I I I I I I 7 : ;¢¢ : 28.57 : 57.1# I 14.29 = —- _---------—----- --——--~—-------_----—----- ----~ ~---- —_ I 9 I 42.86 I --- -- ---_-- ----_- _- I | 28.57 I uz,86 I 14.29 I I -.- -----_----‘ --_- ---—- ----- _ 8 1h.29 I I 1#.29 I 28.57 I 14.29 I I -— -— _ —--—~--~--—_—_———-—- - I I I I IO I 14.29 l 42.86 I 28.57 I IQ,29 I I I I --- —-—- ~---———-—_ —— —_-——— ——————--—-— -__-_- _-—— —-l— —_ ——— -— 389 II'III II III I III II I 'l I ‘l. I I I I I .I I I III! II III. II! III III III III] III . ‘ i ' . C . I I III I I III. I I I I III I IIIII I I I I l I III II II II VI. III 'II I I4 I I Q N C I ‘ D III I I III ‘ III I I I II I II.II III I I I III! II III Ii. II I, n I C v ' C V I I III I l I I II I L: I III II C .‘II ._ _____~_——--—__-------——_——-—--—————--.—--_— I I | I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I ——-_-——--—-— -——-—-———u——-———- --—-—-—————-———-— I I I I II I Iu,29 I 28.57 I 42.86 I 1h.29 I I I I — --—_ —_—_—---— —~_—-.---_. I I I I 12 I 57.14 I Ih,29 I I#.29 I Ih,29 —_~—--——--— -—-— -—~--—--—-——--— -—-—-— -------——--————- I I I I 13 I h2.86 I 28.57 I 14.29 I Iu,29 I I I I _-_ I ---- l--- --. - I --_‘— I _ _---- 14 I 85.71 I .OO I .OO I IR.29 _ .__ —— —___-—-—.._——-—---—--—-———-—-I-——————---—-_- I l I I IS I 7I.h3 I 14.29 I .OO I 14.29 —-—-—-—--~—————- —- --—-——-—-—-——--——_ ---— -!—-_----- -——_ —— -— I l l I I6 I 14.29 I h2,86 I Ik,29 I 28.57 I I I I -‘---_---—---_—--——---_---——---—---_-—— — ---_ I I I 17 I 57.1% I 14.29 I .OO I 23.57 co |——_ I a S. 4:- O N \D \I O 4: w — — — _ — — _- —---—----_-—-—- .OO I .OO I I I I I I .OO I .OO I' 1h.29 — ---—-—-—-—-—_ I 85.71 I Ih.29 I 1...“. 85.71 N a I I 21 I h2.86 I Ih,29 l | | l I I I I 22 I .OO I 71.“3 I 23.57 I .OO 390 III III III] I III _-_-—-——_-_—_—-—_-_-~ -—--———--_—————-_-_-_-_ I I I NO NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE QUESTION —-_- — ——---—-—-———---——-—-——--—-—-----—---_--- I 71.43 I .OO I .OO I 28.57 — —— ---—~-_-———-~__-_---——----_--—-—~-—-‘—---—--- 23 I I I 24 I 85.71 I .OO l .OO I 14.29 I I I I I I l I I 85.71 I .OO I .OO I 14.29 ---— —---——---——— —----—--————————‘_— -— —— _——_-————————-— -——— 25 I I I I 26 I 7I.R3 l 14.29 l .OO I I“.29 I I I I —----—--—— ——- ——— ---- _— —— -——- —_- ————-— .I-—3 —-—-—-—-- ——-—— _-— l I I I 27 I 28.57 I 42.86 I 28.57 I .wm I I I I I I I 57.1h I 14.29 I 28.57 I .wm I — -—————---'-h---_—-————-—--—-—---—_ —-———-—— 28 I I I I I I I Iu,29 I 28.57 I 57.1u I .ww I I I I I I I I 3% I .wm I h2.86 I 57.1h I .mm I I I I I I I I 31 I .ww I #2.86 I 57.1h I .mw I .- — __ -~--_----—--—~-—_—-_—_-_----——_—-- l ‘ I I I 32 I 28.57 I. 42.86 I 14.29 I Iu,29 I I I l """“""."' "'" " I " "‘ I"? 33 I 7I.h3 I .wm I 14.29 I 14.29 I I I l I I I I 34 I .%% I h2.86 I 57.14 I .%% I ----—-~--—-——-———-—- —- ———_—_ —- -_ -_—- --- ———_-————----- 29 391 I IIII I IIIIIII III I 0 '1‘ III T‘I III II III. ‘IK.l IIIII -—_-—- _.._—_———--—-————————-—-~_--—-—_———-_——-—-_-—-——— . I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I —_----—--—-—-———--——--——-_-—---------—-_—-—-——-_———— I I I 35 I .ww I 32.86 I S7;Ih I .ww --__-—--—.——- —- -———---———-——-———-----.————————_—— I I I I 36 I .wa I 42.86 I 57.14 I .%% I ----I—-_—---——--———--———-—-—- —c—————-—--———- —-—— -—-——-—-__ I I I 37 I .ww I 57.1% I h2.86 I .¢¢ - —-— —-——-— ——--————- —— -__-.__-.. -_-- —-—- -- ——-—- —-_ I I I I 38 I 28.57 I 14.29 I 57.1h I .mm I I I I I I I I 39 I 71.43 I .ww I lu.29 I 14.29 I I I I I I I I 4% I .ww I 42.86 I 57.14 I .%% I I I I I I I I 41 I 71.43 I .mw I 14.29 I Iu,29 I I I I - — C._ —— ----——-_-—_ —-----_--—---------— -- -__—— I I I I 42 I 28.57 I #2.86 I 28.57 I .¢¢ I I I I .__-C.- —--———- —---—--- -——-—— —— .- --— ———_--~ -- .- -----H-- I I I I #3 I h2.86 I 28.57 I 14.29 I 14.29 I I I I I I I I lw+ I 7I.h3 I 13.29 I .me I 1h.29 I -- _ =—--_—---_-—-—-——--‘—-———_——--——_—_--_ ——-———- I I I I 45 I 28.57 I 28.57 I 28.57 I 1h.29 —- -- --—------- -——-——-———— -————-—--—-— _- -— --——-_---_ I I I I 46 I 57.14 I 14.29 I 14.29 I 14.29 I I I I —------—-—---—- -~—---—_ -——— ———_-——————-—-———— —-———_—-_- 392 393 ——————-—-————--————————— ———-—-— —--—-—. ———-- —_—--—— "'"‘—————_ I I I I N0 QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I I I I -I _--- u7 I 71.43 I Iu.29 I .ww I 14.29 I I I I I I I I I 85.71 I .aw I .wm I 14.29 —----—---—-—-————. -- --—--—--——----—-—-----—-—--——_—_———-—- #8 ‘ I | #9 I .mg I 14.29 I 85.71 I .OO --—------——-~----—--—~--——-~ -----—----_-—---—-_--—-— —- —-—---—_- - -—__ —- --——- _— -- —- --— --—-—- _-— _---—---——--- — I l I 51 l .OO I 42.86 I 57.14 I .OO ----- --------- -————---—‘———-—-—-----—--—- -—— —- ——---— _- .@O I “2.86 I 57.1% I .OO —-----_-‘----——_- _-—- ------‘— _---_- _-—---—-----—- -----—- I I I 53 I 28.57 I~ “2.86 I 28.57 I .%% I I I I I I I I 54 I h2.86 I 14.29 I 28.57 I 14.29 — ~—-————_ —-—_-—~—-——-——----——--——- I I I 55 I 85.71 I .OO I .OO I 14.29 --—'-—‘ -——-—-_--—----——-—-- .--—- --- -—-—--—-—_--—-—— I I I I 56 I' .OO I 14.29 I 7I.h3 I 1h,29 I 57 I .OO .OO I I¢¢.¢O I .OO --- -----——_ —- -- --~ .- -—_ --—-- --—--—-——- _- I I I I 53 I .OO I .OO I I¢¢.O¢ I .OO -_-_—---_——--_—-——-— -—-——— —-—-—--— .__-- _..._—_— _— II IIIIIII 'II'III IIIII.I III-II «OIIVI .I.-SI III II‘I'I I.II‘I‘I II.IIII IIII IIIII I I I I I I I II I. l I III 'II 0 LI It. ‘I I III III I .I III I I III! 0. 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IIII‘I III-VIII II III. III III‘ Ill-III- 396 I I I I NO QUESTION I NEVER I SOMETIMES I ROUTINELY I RESPONSE I I I I _---_-".__----——--——-—-—— -—----—-—-—-—_ nun—— -- -— _- I I I I 83 I .OO I 28.57 I 7I.h3 I ;¢O —-——-——_— ——_--—--—-—-————--—--—-_---————-.—_————_- I I I 84 1h.29 I 28.57 I 57.1u I .mw -_---_-_-I--——"__ I _ —-_ I _---‘--I-------'-— 85 I .ww I .wm I I¢¢.¢0 I .wm I I I I 86 I .OO I .OO I IOO.¢¢ I .OO I I I I I I I I 87 I 23.57 I .OO I 7I.h3 I .OO -~ -- -- ----_- ---_--—--——--_--- -- --_“ _- I— I I . 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