A RHETORICALANALYSISEOFTHE: . , - ‘
FOLKENBERG-McFARLAND- ; , .
“F'VE-DA’YPLAN T0. smpsmoxmm; f g -   3

Thesis f0~r"the:Deg;‘eeio? Phi. D 5     -. ,
‘ MscmGAN 3mm UNIVERSITY". .iv A_ ' .
'ELMER LYLE MALCOLM, ; ‘ ’

' ' ,1970 ‘ ‘ ' "

 

 

I? * 9'».

L I B R A R Y
h'lichigan Ste. re
University

  
 

This is to certify that the

thesis entitled

A RHE'IURICAL ANALYSIS OF THE
FOLKENBERGd-MCFARIAND
"FIVE—DAY PLAN TO STOP SMOKING"

presented by

ELMER L . MAICOLM

has been accepted towards fulfillment « )
of the requirements for

Ph. D. degree in Speech

 

 

 

'\ Major professor

Date July 6, 1970

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ABSTRACT
A RHE'IORICAL ANALYSIS OF 'IHE FDIKENBERG-MCFARLAND
"FIVE-JMY PLAN ’10 STOP SNOKING"
BY

Elmer L. Malcolm

The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, and evaluate
the theory and practice of the "Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking" as
developed and presented by Elman J. Folkenberg and J. Wayne McFarland,
and as practiced at the Hinsdale and Battle Creek Sanitariums and by
five clinical teams in Michigan.

'I‘he’Five-Day Plan is a group therapy program which is con-
ducted by a minister-physician team for five consecutive ninety-
minute sessions with lectures, discussions, visual aids, and films
to help the participants overcome the tobacco habit.

Chapter I portrays the historical background and development
of the "Plan" and the news media coverage as it began in Massachusetts,
and spread throughout the United States, and to many foreign countries.

Chapter II contains the rhetorical theory concerning the "Plan"
as presented by Folkenberg (Minister) and McFarland (Physician).

chapters III and IV are concerned with the practice of the
"pun" at Hinsdale and Battle Creek, respectively, to determine how
closely the principles advocated by Fblkenberg and McFarland are ad-
hered £20, with special emphasis on the unique features of these clinics.

chapter V focuses on the "Plan" as conducted by five minister-
physician clinical teams in Michigan. A 48-point questionnaire and a

61.quest10n interview instrument were created and personally administered

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5 [.130 the teams to determine to what degree the principles advocated

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t 3. Ey‘FOIREnberg and McFarland were followed.
'3’ 'lhe following points indicate the major findings of this study.
. (1) The respondents, a majority of whom had previously
participated in various other types of community service, initiated
a their own clinical program during the years of 1963 to 1965 with
"community service" as the primary objective. In practice they Speak
from prepared notes; and according to the variance in their experience
from one clinic to another, they alter arrangement of materials, style,
and delivery.
(2) A majority of the respondents have conducted the. plan in an
lndustrial-agr icultural area, anticipated an adult audience, not
1% prepared their messages for a certain class of people, lectured for
twenty-minutes, used the Folkenberg-McFarland lectures, and used visual
aids with their lectures.

(3) A majority of the respondents have followed the Folkenberg-
ficFarland format, alternated the sequence of the films, used literature
in the clinics, and obtained the literature from the Cancer Society,
flutmart Association, and the American llamperance Society.

[turn-j! - (A) A majority of the respondents have followed the Polkenberg-
-. “Ml-13nd practice of conducting discussion periods during the sessions,

,.‘1

We other ministers and physicians to speak, and identified them-

  
  
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
   
   
     
  
   

(6) A mjaority of the respondents have financed their program
,ithrough their local church congregations, who, they believed, were
favorable to the clinics, and have had associate workers to assist
them in conducting the clinic.
’ (7) A majority of the respondents have used tape recorders and
mimeograph equipment.
3‘ x‘ (8) A majority of the respondents indicate that the attendance
was larger on Mondays, that more women attended than men, that 80
per cent of the registrants complete the series, that 95 per cent of
the registrants give their name and address, that 50 per cent of the
audience participates in the discussion, that the attitude of most
participants has been very favorable, that 70 to 85 per cent stopped
smoking by the fifth night, that church attendance has been encouraged
when an interest in religion has been shown.
(9) A majority of the respondents have conducted follow-up
,‘ meetings one week after the clinic and believe that 20 to 50 per cent
of the participants in the "Plan" have attended the follow-up meeting.
(10) A majority of the respondents have adapted their Five—Day
Plan advertising methods from Folkenberg and McFarland, indicate that the
7- newspaper is the most effective media of advertising, indicate that they

'.§_$flwould continue to conduct the "Plan" if transferred to a new location,

believe the clinic to be worth the effort and expense involved, and

,‘; dgfiwfi no new approaches in mind for conducting the "Plan."
. (

 

A RHE'IORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOIKENBERG-MCFARIAND

"FIVE—DAY FUN TO S’IOP SMOKING"

By

Elmer Lyle Malcolm

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

[DC'IOR 0F PHIIDSOPHY

Department of Speech

1970

 

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Accepted by the faculty of the Department of
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Speech, College of Conmmnication Arts, Michigan
'State University, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree.
/ 1

801‘0 688

Guidance Committee: Kenneth G. HenceI Chairman
7 33M " 2., -, Robert T. Anderson
a , L:
as”? ‘71 , w
mace Rh. . David C. MB}!

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ACXNJWIEDGEMEN'IS
'Do the scores of individuals whose influence has strengthened and
encouraged me in writing this dissertation, I am extremely grateful.

1b 11‘. Kenneth Hance, Major Professor and Committee Chairman,
whose unaurpasaing interest and concern for all his students compels
them to succeed.

To Dr. Robert Anderson, Dr. Francis Donahue, Dr. Herbert Jackson,
Dr. David Ralph, Dr. Gordon ’Ihomas, who unselfishly went the second
' 1- , mile to help a busy pastor meet class schedules and requirements.

To the following five clinical teams who shared their time and
knoofledge freely: George Coffen, Pastor and Robert Lutz, D.0.; John
Erhard, Pastor and 0. S. Erhard, M.D.; Harold Flynt, Cnaplain, Thomas
-Williams, Ed.D, and J. D. Henriksen, M.D.; Elman J. Fblkenberg, Pastor
and J. Wayne McFarland, M.D.; William G. Graves, Gordon Hewlett, Chaplains
and Charles L. Dale, M.D.; Raymond Hamstra, Pastor and Arthur Weaver, M.D.;
, 1 ' V Horace Shim, Ph.D. and David K. Peshka, M.D.; Robert Williams, Ph.D.

I and Raymond Mayor, MD.

1!: the late Charles R. Lochlin and Mrs. Marion E. Lochlin for
contributing financially to this project.

To Mrs. E1sa-1il Burglund and Mr. Harold Googe, for sharing
with me printed matter on tobacco and smoking.

To Mrs. Alma Campbell, Mrs. Joyce Campbell and Mr. and Mrs.

‘ilfbrra‘y Robinson for assisting in the "busy work" of editing, compiling,

In the officers, the executive committee of the Michigan

me of Seventh-day Adventists, and two congregations, Pontiac
@311 Springs, whose cooperation made the burden bearable.
my devoted wife,..v1tancy, and two energetic boys, Stephen

moanxioualy looked forward to "this day."

u H i 1‘ ‘

mu: 0)? CONTENTS

  
   
 
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
 
  
  
   
   
  
    
      
  
 
   

Page
.himomeNOOODOOOIIIIOOOOOIOIIODO x
.' PurposeOfthesdeoossoooosloses-ass xi_
‘ ‘ » miutions Imposed on the Study s a s s a s s o a e s o xiii
Intrin'ic Merit 0f the stUdy o s a s e s e a o o s o a a X11
DistinctiWBEBs Of the Study 0 o o o a o o s a o o s o s xiv
Material or Sources for the Study . . . . . . . . . . . ’riv
*thod and Plan Of StUdy s a o o s a s s o o s s o s s e xv
_‘: chapter
‘ ,
, a ' I. HBMICAL BACKGROUND AND DEVEIDPMENT OF
'~ 'nIEFIVE-DAYPLAN soossssooososooo 1
Mcmland's Plan a o s o a a o o o o a o s s o e s 1
..' POlkenberg’s Plan a s s I I s e o o s s s o e o s 5
-:.~ 1h. Minister-motor km s s s o o a a o s o s s o 6
I ' Meek-hrough 0 e s s I s s s s o o o s s 8
Pilot Programs and Mushrooming Publicity
, Through Major News Nbdia . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Must: Dimension for the "Plan" . . . . . . . . . . 13
Scope Of the Five-Day Plan a o a e I s D o I o O o 15
ms R'HB'IDRIOLL mom: commune "ms PLAN" parssmo
BY FOLKENBERG AND McFARlAND o o o s o a a s o o s 17
m Purpose Of the Five-Day Plan a o s a s s s e s 18
MISJICIB 0f the Five-Day Plan 0 o s u o a o s s 19
mfiw-my Plan Retures . . . . g g p g . g 20
a ‘ lira: Group Therapy Program in the Five-Day
‘| r.’ ‘ Plan to stop SHlOking . o . g g o g g g g . g g g 21
' :5 A;;:_;3gcsnd Group Therapy Program . . . . . . . . . . . 22
= ~Na.‘ . Third Group Therapy Program . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Hn1.lburth Group Therapy Program . . . . . . . . . . . 23
' g; 211th Group Therapy Program . . . . . . . 23
xs'fR 4 PEescribed Methods of Conducting the Five-Day Plan 2h
‘ ‘ ““610“ Night 0 o s I s s e o s a I n o s o o s a 38
8““: m PRACTICE AT 31mm“ 0 o s o u s o , 39

,‘lifi “Plan" Creates National Interest . . . . #2

iii’

 

mm 01? CONTBN'IS (@N'T.)

minor

 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  

Methods Followed by the Hinsdale Team in
. Conducting the Five-Day Plan . . . . .
Unique Aspects of the Hinsdale Plan . .

IV. (ESE STUDY; 1113 PRACTICE A'I’ BAITIE CREEK
mthoa I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

V. CASE STUDIES: PRACTICES OF FIVE CLINICAL
m IN MIGIIGAN I I I I I I I I I I I

L Potential Audience 0 s o s s s s s
Program Format and Message Content
Identification bf ham 0 s s s s s
Reaources.........a..

;‘ Responsesssosssssosss
Responses to Interviews . . . . .
The Plan: Its Nature, Purposes, a
Setting and Equipment .
'AIIdience s s o s s s s a
Program Format . . . . .
Message Content . . . .
. “ll-VBI'Yssssss so
' 'i .1'7- ’ Relations With Civic leaders
Speakers..........
f1. ~ Response to the Five-Day Plan
.,_'v ‘ Follow-up Meetings s s o s s a
:I“:: ‘uAdWrtiSIng . s s s s s s s s
" Evaluation........oo

Hssssss

m

”sessss

0

Oasslsss

D

I
I
I
I

I I I I I
I I I I I I I

; 1.31. mwu-mmmiom . . . . . . , , ,
. disconclusions . . . . . . . . , , _ , , ,

Recmendations a s s s s s s s s s s o
"Flsuggestions for Further Research . . . .

iv

fies-sss
Po

0

a

I I I I I I I I I I I

ussssss

F'ssssss

:l'
"U

I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O I I

Page

41+
60

66

81

92

97
100
101i»
119
120
131
135
138
1'40
146
lh9
155
158
162
165
169

178
187

189
190

n“

 

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M" .r. .

 

LISTO

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‘ 2..
“3

- a

9
1,1,}
.

*rL'riézeosn-ogram .

   
 

lumber‘ of Years Employed as
Physician......c.

Type of Community Service .

When ~Five-Day Plan Began .

Project Initiated by . . .

Modes of Delivery . . . . .
Alteration of Arrangement in
Alteration of Style . . . .
Alter Delivery . . . . . .

Economic Base of "Plan" Area

Anticipated Audience . . .

passages Specifically Design
‘Pafipe of People . . . . .

.“aiitfieeting , .

FTABLES

Minis te r-Psychologist

I I I I I I I I I I I
Different Series . .
I I I I I I I I I I I

ed for Certain

ImS........o

Sparse! During campaigns . . . . . s .

Page

83

85
86
87
87
88
89
89
90

91

91
92
93
93
94
95
95
96
96

LIST 0? mm won't.)

   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
    
  
   
  
 

Page

,1 Other Speakers Invited to Participate . . . . . . . . 97
fligilhoarelnvited?.....,............ 98

, 123. Identification of Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
:xziflu.SpecificAppeal................... 99

25. Special Gifts for Attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
26. Who Finances the "Plan"? . . . f . . . . . . . . . o 101
.3 ‘27. Additional Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
'3.) 3:28. Equipment Used in the Clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
t 29. Attitude of S.D.A.'s to the "Plan" . . . . . . . . . 103
- .- 30. Response of S.D.A. Attendance and Aid . . . . . . . . 103
I 31. Day of the Week Best Attendance . . . . . . . . . . . 104 ‘1
432. Average No. Attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
:33. Dale-Female Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Percentage Who Complete Series . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Percentage Who Give Name and Address . . . . . . . . 107
Parcentage of Participants in Discussion . . . . . . 108
Attitude of Most Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
llj'urther Information Recpested . g . . . . . . . . . . 110

'< church Attendance Encouraged . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

 

1" f:4hlfiiw-‘I'P‘ketiflgOOoosooooosoooooos 111
logggntage Attend Follow-up Meetings . . . . , . , , 112

vi

 

   
  
       
     

us: grunts (00n't.)

. ' ‘ Page
We of Attendance Because of Advertising . . . . 116
. W

.'.,x A .
> ,, ,, Wrtiling Win! ”It Result! . s o e e e e 116

A .
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Scam . .'.w v w' '1
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A .f‘;.:..* ‘v w

T: lest mum». ;

link tn"; new ' -‘.- ‘

and they»: — .H"
' ’Tf’ me m'wrv 3 azé'frw
,* ' because 1 -."‘i"t "Mr.

Forty-eight noun: were,
tinge Inc! a sit higher .

MM still ride my Not,

But ride e bit lighter.

 

   
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  

IT mass: 11‘ words:

by Pits and Jerks

Just twenty-four hours,
Only one single day,
For that little time
I'll put cigarettes away.

Only twelve hours later
I'm pacing the floor,
Refusing to smoke
But craving it more.

I'm grumpy and jumpy,
The future looks black,
As little green demons
Crawl over my back.

Somehow I manage

Tb live thru twelve more,
And I drag aching bones

to FDP's door.

There I am greeted

With grunts, groans, and woes,
And I say to myself,

0h joy, someone knows:

Somebody else has been
Pacing the floor,

And fighting those demons
The last twenty-four.

They know how I feel,
And they won’t make a joke
of the misery I suffer
Because I don't smoke.

Forty-eight hours more,
Things look a bit brighter.
Demons still ride my back,
But ride a bit lighter.

viii

 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 

his meeting with others
Somehow does the trick,
I chose not to smoke
And I’m making it stick.

I know I'll succeed, ,
I don't want to fail,
a“. A Cause I’m not coming back
' In that little yellow pailfil:2

 

 

  

INTRODUCTION

The tobacco withdrawal program known as the Five-Day Plan was
developed in the late fifties by Elman J. Fblkehberg, a Seventh-day
Adventist clergyman, and J. Wayne McFarland, M.D.

This program was introduced to the clergy and delegates
present at the General Conference of Seventh—day Adventists held in
San Francisco, July 1962. By March 1967, approximately 050,000
persons had attended these clinics conducted in North America. The
"Plan," which is usually sponsored by hospitals, health centers,
Y.M.Cu&., Y.W.C.A., and cancer societies began mushrooming and now
has been adopted in many countries throughout the world. The
participants register on a volunteer basis after announcements
have been made in local churches and newspapers, via radio,
television and posters, and by special messages in physicians' offices.
There is no screening of participants. While in some clinics a nominal

registration fee is charged, it is largely a free, community service.

The Five-Day Plan, which is conducted by a minister-physician

temn, consists of five consecutive ninety-minute sessions with lectures,
discussions, visual aids, and films.

Because there is a standard set of material and procedures,
the general content of the clinics is, therefore, relatively uniform
in all the programs conducted. Most withdrawal clinic leaders follow
closely to the general content of the‘lectures as given in the manual,
ixl‘PlTGpered by Polhenberg and McFarland.

.“v,
..; .iil.

A e..,r,.._...

    
 

' Instruction, which is concerned with every wakening hour of the
five-day period, is given to the clinic participants by the physician
and minister (or psychologist). Information of the physiological
aspects of smoking and problems connected with breaking the habit are
presented by the physician.

The clergyman (or psychologist) concentrates on the psychological

phase of smoking and on technics used to break the habit patterns.

:; Purpose of the Study

The primary purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, and
evaluate the FIVE-DAY PLAN TD STOP SMOKING as developed by Pastor Elman J.
Folkenberg and J. wayne McFarland, M.D. and as practiced by minister-
‘, physician teams, in comparison with the withdrawal clinic conducted by
cancer societies. This research project will endeavor to (1) determine
C the body of rhetorical theory prescribed by Elman J. Fblkenberg and
J. wayne McFarland for conducting a successful Five-Day Plan; (2)

determine how closely the rhetorical principles advocated by McFarland

  
  
  
 
  
 
 
    
  

and Folkenberg are followed by certain clinical teams; (3) determine

the immediate results of certain Five-Day Plan withdrawal clinics.
This study will endeavor to answer such questions as: What is

She Five-Day Plan? What is its purpose? When was it organized? What

,1! its relationship to other withdrawal clinics? What are the procedures

i is the value to the individuals participating and to the church or
Iiim.’ '7
=wing organizations? How successful is the Five-Day Plan? What

xi

 

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O
:.9hf?thé participants? What are the qualifications of the team conducting
7 thE~”P1an?" What are the qualifications of those associated with the
‘team in conducting the Five-Day Plan? What body of rhetorical theory
is prescribed for use in the "Plan?" What use is made of this body
of theory? As measured by these norms and others, what is the caliber

of the lectures used by Fblkenberg and McFarland?

'0‘ Limitations Imposed on the Study

'*_ No attempt is made in this study to investigate the written or
oral lectures or the public or private ministry of Elman J. Folkenberg

‘i or the practice of J. Wayne McFarland apart from the Five-Day Plan

Withdrawal Clinic. Nor is any attempt made to study the Five-Day Plan

" conducted in countries other than the United States.

Because of the fact that the Five-Day Plan was first conducted
in 1961, this study will be limited to the Sixties.

No attempt is made to include references to all minister-physician
teams who have conducted withdrawal clinics. Rather, studies have been
made of the Five-Day Plans conducted by the Hinsdale Sanitarium, Hinsdale,
Illinois; The Battle creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Michigan; and five

,of the twenty teams in the state of Michigan.

Intrinsic Merit of the Study

 

, ‘

body were unknown; but now, as a reSult of much research, the facts
about "Lady Nicotine" are well-known.

Doctor Alton Ochsner, one of America's foremost thoracic
surgeons, states:

Smoking is one of the greatest hazards that we are subjecting
ourselves to at the present time. Unfortunately, it is developed
so insidiously that it has become to be accepted as something that
is not only not harmful, but also actually beneficial. There is
nothing good that can be said about tobacco, because nicotine, which
is one of the principal constituents of tobacco, is one of the most
toxic of all agents. It is inconceivable that people will spend their
money, which many times they have worked hard to get, to produce
something that will produce disabling illnesses, premature death,
and tremendous suffering.

. . . the individual who does not smoke can think better and
function in every way better than the individual who smokes. It
is a well-known fact that athletes who Smoke cannot compete as
efficiently as those who do not smoke.

If a person were perfectly willing to shorten his life because of
a certain pleasure he gets from the addiction of smoking, and indeed
the smokers shorten their lives because life insurance actuarial
statistics show that an individual fifty years of age who has never
smoked has a life-expectancy eight and a half years longer than an
individual of the same age who has smoked heavily since he was twenty-
one, this might be acceptable if death came quickly and painlessly.
unfortunately, however, the terminal stages of so many of the con-
ditions which are caused or aggravated by smoking are lingering and
extremely painful. It is tragic for a physician to see these in-
dividuals who themselves have caused these conditions, which could
have been prevented had they not smoked.

Research conducted by various organizations has aroused the in-
terest in thousands to stop smoking. The Five-Day Plan was developed
to aid the individual who discovers he is "helplessly hooked" in his

:Eight to free himself from the tobacco habit.

~It is believed that a study of the features of this Five-Day Plan

    

NC" -

_ ‘iggill be of value to organizations and persons concerned with this problem
“)1- M‘O L _. . ‘ .

_ fi3hg with means of solving it. In particular, it is believed that a

‘ ,7, f' xiii

   
    
 
  
   
   
   
   
  
   
   

fistudy of the principles and methods of communication associated with this
“Plan" will be of value because of the fact that communication between team

and participant is probably the most important single element in its

success.
1 The results of this study will be of value and interest not only
.t; to teams who are engaged in conducting withdrawal clinics but also to
.3 individuals who desire to conduct a withdrawal clinic.
.'l-
if ‘ Distinctiveness of the Study

 

So far as can be determined, no previous study such as herein

proposed has been made of the Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking.

Material or Sources for the Study

;~' Material for this study may most conveniently be described in terms
1 3 of the major sections of the study: (1) Fbr the section which deals with
fhe biographical materials and the history of the origin of the Five-Day
.Plan the following sources will be used: (a) Personal interviews and
correspondence with Folkenberg and McFarland, and members of the American
Temperance Society staff, (b) personal interviews and correspondence with
I, 1 ahe:Five~Day Plan teams in the State of Michigan, (c) correspondence with
’ officials in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, (d) official literature

of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, e.g.. The Advent Review and Sabbath
§E£glgi :22 Ministry, The Lake Union Herald, The ColumbiapLUnion Visiggr,

11"

se'lfimes, Life and Health, and E2, (e) materials written by J. Wayhe

 

x: _ A
‘, lend, M.D. and Pastor E. J. Folkenberg on the Five-Day Plan and

'.ing, (f) secular newspapers, periodicals, and other published materials.
-.£§;c: rl;., ~

xiv

  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  

_1§3" ‘(2) For that section which deals with the results of the Five-Day
' Plans (a) Surveys to secure statistical data of the Five-Day Plan from
‘9 teams in the State of Michigan, (b) surveys to obtain opinions and
- geeults from participants in certain Five-Day Plans, (c) reports given
at the North American Five-Day Plan Congress in Chicago, Illinois,
v .
April 13-17, 1969, (6) material gathered and compiled from the Five-Day
Plan Clinics conducted at the Hinsdale Sanitarium and Hospital, Hinsdale,
Illinois, and the Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Michigan.
(3) For the section that is concerned with the lectures themselves,
‘ the materials are the Five-Day Plan Lectures prepared by E. J. Fblkenberg
a' and J. Wayne McFarland.
(A) Representative sources pertaining to rhetorical theory and
! speech criticism are the following: McBurney, James H., and Rance, Kenneth
6., Discussion ingggmgp Affairs; Ihonssen, Lester, and Baird, A. Craig,
Spgech criticism; Black, Edwin, Rhetorical Criticism; Hence, Kenneth G.,
‘ Salph, David 0., and Wiksell, Milton J., Principles of Speaking; Hillbruner,
ZJAnthony, Critical Ifimensions: The Art of Public Address Criticism; and
Z Thelass lectures and other materials presented to the Speech Criticism class

by Dr. Dahid c. Ralph.

Method and Plan of Study
The following methods of research will be employed: (1) the his-

' cal in'order to determine the circumstances pertaining to the

Department of

  
    
  
  
      
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

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CHAPTER I

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF

THE FIVE-DAY PLAN

Multitudes of persons in all parts of the world are facing a

   
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
   
   
 
 
  
  
 
  

hazardous health habit--that of tobacco addiction. How to help these
people cope with the problem of discarding the smoking habit is one
of the urgent needs of today.

I The originators of the Five-Day Plan, a doctor and a minister,
Jarwayne McFarland and’Elman Folkenberg, both Californians, brought

to their task a common background. Educated from youth in the

2 Seventh-day Adventist school system, they had been taught that

smoking is a health hazard.1 Reared in this kind of environment,
If.

these men had heard many times such statements as:

‘ Tobacco is a slow, insidious, but most malignant poison,
In whatever form it is used, it tells upon the constitution;
it is all the more dangerous becguse its effects are slow,
and'at first hardly perceptible.

22.2 "There must be a revolution upon the subject of tobacco before

| a
t v

. Q _ the sat will be laid at the root of the tree."31

\‘
K .

C“
ad 35:; 5:93;! ‘
2. . Z ,2 .1.- Wayne McFarland, Private interview held in Battle Creek,
‘ ' Risen, April 5,1970. (Hereinafter referred to as McFarland Interview).

: _ fillets 6. white, Ministr of Healin (Mountain View, California:
_c‘mss Publishing Association, “5%, pp. 327, 328.

ails): G. White, hm rance (Mountain View, California: Pacific
Iishing Association, 1555), p. 2.

 

.2-. ‘7 1

 

 

These statements and others from the works of Ellen G. White
created an interest in the minds of these men in doing something
specific in this area. So, the story of what came to be known as the
Five-Day Plan program goes back actually to the early years of these

men.1

McFarland's Plan
J. Wayne McFarland, upon graduation from medical school at
Loma Linda University in 1939, was given a fellowship at the Mayo

Clinic. Later he was asked to teach at Loma Linda University, where

he remained until he was invited to become the editor of Life and Health

magazine published by the Review and Herald Publishing Association.
During this period he shared his time with the General Conference of
Seventh-day Adventist Medical Department as an Assistant Secretary.2

In his early years of medical practice at Mayo, McFarland was
asked to become associated with the department of cardiovascular,
particularly peripheral vascular, diseases. He states:

While making rounds at the county hospital, I would see these
men who had lost a leg, maybe a foot on the other leg, and were
just about to lose another segment of the leg. The doctors
would tell them, "well, look, man, you've got to quit smoking,
or that leg is going to come off." These people were suffering
from Buerger's disease. . . . These men were losing their limbs.
At that time there was no question in anybody's mind but that
smoking produced the changes in the arteries and the veins which
cause Buerger's disease, or thromboangiitis obliterans. These
men would look up, some of them, in desperation, and say, "But
Doc, 1 can't quit."

 

1McFarland Interview.

21bid.

   
 
   
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   

It doesn't seem right to tell a man, "look, off comes your
leg if you don't do thus and so," when you don't give him help
a *‘to stop the habit that is threatening his life.

"-Bu' ' Through the years wherever Dr. McFarland went he worked on a
-§bctor-to-person relationship, a one-to—one relationship of getting
ihdividuals to quit smoking, because of vascular disease and various
iother effects which he believed that nicotine had on the body.2

Based on the counsel given in the book Ministry of Healing,

 

that "it is far better to prevent disease than to know how to treat it
when contracted,"3 McFarland was gradually evolving a program for
physical fitness.

As an employee of the Medical Department of the General
Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, McFarland had the opportunity
to do extensive traveling. He related stories of victories over

.tobacco experienced by individuals with whom he had worked as he
u traveled in the States and abroad. Eventually requests began to
|};y‘¢sme from the public asking for written instructions on how to
c i,,§stup.smoking. He prepared health lectures on benefits of rest,
‘wafiresh-air, exercise, proper diet, water, and sunshine. These he

‘ig give in conjunction with sermons presented by evangelists in various

 

13. Wayne McFarland, Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking, Its
and Aim 6(Chicago, Illinois: North American- Congress,
6), n. p.

      
   
  

'; f: 21bid.
, L

‘Sillen G. White, Ministr of Healin (Mountain View, California:
‘fluiss Publishing Association, 1555;, p. 128.

'rland Interview.

 

h

‘1
e‘.

’.\

.lg‘l

   
  
  
  
    
     

In the early nineteen fifties Mthrland was invited to conduct
a health program in connection with a series of evangelistic meetings
held in the New Gallery Evangelistic centre, London, England. At

this time he developed a number of lectures on health principles

which included the harmful effects of nicotine. The response to

these was encouraging.

Upon returning to the States, he found his convictions regarding

the use of tobacco to be fortified. He says:

I kept reading statements that there is going to be a great
revolution on the subject of tobacco. It seemed that there were some
inklings of this happening because the Surgeon General, the prede-
cessor to Dr. Luther Ierry, made the first step and set up a committee
to study smoking and health. He came out flat—footed, and was really
ripped up one side and down the other by the medical profession be~
cause he would allow such a strong article on the subject to appear
in the American Medical Association Journal. He began to state the
facts of what tobacco does to the human body and to the nation.1

After a brief medical refresher course, McFarland was asked to

serve on the staff at Battle creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Michigan,
where he started in a concentrated form the program of getting people

off tobacco.2

'1.- Postgraduate work in the field of physical medicine and re-
habilitation required McFarland to go to saw York City. Here he
experimented with a smoking clinic. He used ten health lectures

geared to help the smoker to break the habit.3

I

 

 

Folkenberg's Plan

During the years that McFarland was developing his anti-

  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
  
    
  

smoking clinics in Battle Creek and New York City, Elman Folkenberg,
a Seventh-day Adventist evangelist, was conducting evangelistic
meetings in the New Gallary Centre, London, England. Through
denominational employment these men were acquainted with each
other's interest and corresponded regarding medical missionary
work.1

In London, Fblkenberg came face to face with the tobacco
~~' problem in a new way. While conducting meetings in the centre, he
augmented his lectures with the anti-smoking film One in Thenty
Thousand, the first major film of its kind to portray the re-
lationship of smoking to lung cancer. From 1955 to 1959 some
three hundred thousand Britishers, including leading medical

T‘.‘ . ' ' 2

authorities and members of Parliament viewed this film, which

‘9 features the world-renowned lung surgeon, Dr. Alton Ochsner of
I iNsw Orleans, removing a cancerous lung from a heavy smoker. Its
‘ .impact on the audience was tremendous. Polkenberg states:
. “ lg «a. As I would see so many thousands of these smokers go out
worried, afraid, sick, I knew that we didn't have a co-ordinated
' ”LE organized program to help them. So I determined that on my

i ,.‘ ' return to the United States I would begin to formulate some
" kind of program.3

\
. la
_. h2 1Main-land, n. p.

’7 2"Ihmpcrance Films," Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia,

‘ thry'kaference Series, vol. 10, (Washington, D.C.: Review
raid Publishing Association, 1966), p. 1301.

 

  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
  
    
   
 
 
   

Upon his arrival back in the United States in 1959, Folkenberg be-
came the speaker for the New York Seventh-day Adventist Evangelistic
J5 Center. The desire to discover a means of freeing smokers from their addiction
to "Lady Nicotine" still burned within his soul. He called a panel
or psychiatrists, physiologists” dietitions, and clergyman to get
‘ views from a wide spectrum to define the problem and to suggest
what could be done about it. From the findings of this panel he
began to collate the material and put it together in written form.1
After working in New York City for approximately a year,
Folkenberg was invited to become the evangelist of the Southern New
England Conference. At this time McFarland was located in New
England heading up the medical work for the Adventists. Folkenberg's
2 ficvs to the same locality as the doctor's was the fortuitous cir—
-cnmstance that brought the two men together and resulted in their

working as a team.2

The Minister-Doctor Team

.i5-~ ’ Fblkenberg and McFarland's first move was to compare notes.
’[ ,Tbgether they combed the writings of E. G. White for guidelines.

’gg' McFarland states:

A-Q‘: ' .‘.

.' t We began to read statements that in the cities we shall never

‘eucceed until the doctors and ministers combine. This word is
used again and again, and again and again, that the doctors and

ministers ought to take care of the whole man,--not a piece over
Jets and another one over there, but that tministers and doctors

 

1
A
‘
1
4
, .
l
i

 

always ought to be together on the platform,1 We decided that
we were going to do this for the . . . plan.

The program started off as a consecutive ten-day program.

  
  
  
  
  
   
 
  
  
  
  

Eblkenberg soon concluded that ten days were much too long. Three
days were tried, but this plan was discarded. Finally they concluded
that in five days they could get the concept across that would teach
the smokers to manage the problem. Folkenberg says: 'Mb never thought
that many would break the cigarette habit . . . we did not think that
five days would actually get them over it completely . . . but it
would teach them to manage the problem."2
These two men prepared their lectures and some mimeographed
material which, revised, became the control booklet. In 1961 they
chose Taunton, Massachusetts, for implementing their first plan.
Fblkenberg was acquainted there; and the pastor of the Seventh-day
Adventist Church, Willis Graves, was willing to cooperate.

McFarland states:

The first thing we did was to hit the sidewalks, asking
people, one right after another, "Do you smoke?“ "Yes."
"Would you like to quit?" "All right, come to the Women's
Club." we thought we would have the place jampacked. We
prepared for, I think, a thousand. How many do you suppose
turned out? Six.

But at the next one there were twelve. Then it would go by
multiples--twenty-four, then forty-eight, and we soon began to

grow very rapidly. we kept honing the program down, sharpening
it'll)...-

lMcFarland, n.p.

2F'olkenberg Interview.

 

 

By this time we knew in our innermost selves that God had
given us something that was going to work. It worked and it
worked every single time. We could predict exactly the percent,
70 to 80 percent, and never miss, who would make it if they did
exactly what we said. Of course, we were so young; we hadn't
been going a year, so we couldn't tell how long they stayed off
the habit. But the fact that they could make it and see daylight
--that was tremendous.1

Break-Through

During the first year of the development of the Five-Day
Plan, pilot programs were held, but the number participating was
very small. The team was having difficulty getting its "Plan" before
the masses. "we were having trouble" says McFarland, “Because we
couldn't get on 'I'v--radio--nothing."2

He believed this problem existed because of all the money
that was pouring into advertising media from the tobacco companies.3
He continues:

They were scared to death of us, until a lady who was editor
of a little paper up in New Hampshire, said, "Okay, boys." She
was old enough to be our grandma, but she said, "I am coming to
the Plan." I think she was a two-and-a-half or three—pack-a-
day smoker. She told us, "If you fellows get me over smoking, I write
it up; and if I don't get over it, I will write it up. I am going
to write every single day." This was the first time that we had a
report in the papers, and that report was read. That particular
series of articles which that lady wrote, went everywhere, and we
knew then that the gate was open and we were ready to walk in.
From then on, doors began to open, radio, television, everything.
Why, then we had to keep out of sight because they were swarming
all over. This was news.

 

 

1McFarland, n.p.
21bid.
31bid.

“ibid.

   

 

 

  

McFarland and Folkenberg kept statistical records of the early
clinics conducted. They discovered that 70 - 75% of the people had
not smoked by the fifth night and did not feel that they needed to
again, provided they avoided the same stimulations that induced it
in the beginning. After a year's time a follow-up survey revealed
that approxhnately 38 per cent of the participants had not smoked again.1

The Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking was first described in a
general way at the San Francisco General Conference session of
Seventh—day Adventists in July, 1962. Soon thereafter a series of
pilot training programs were arranged to be conducted in every
major part of the United States and Canada to train minister-doctor
teams to carry on the "Plan" in their local area.2

Pilot Programs and Mushrooming Publicity
Through Major News Media

In the November, 1962 issue, Newsweek gave a half-page report
of the "Plan." This succinct, general overview of the clinic included
its inception, principles prescribed, statistical reports on attendance
and results, and pilot programs to be conducted.3 The article con-
cluded:

With the impetus provided by so much new medical research,

the Adventists may be on to a good thing; with faith in God

and their five-day plan, Elder Eblkenberg and Dr. McFarland
have the jump on everyone else.

 

lfiblkenberg Interview.

2S.D.A. Encyclopedia, p. 408.

3"Divorcing Lady Nicotine," Newsweek, Lx, No. 22 (November 26,
1962), p, 87.

“Ibid.

 

 

 

  

10

The publicity given in this weekly periodical resulted in
impetus for the forthcoming clinic, and interest in the "Plan'continued
to mount. In FEbruary, 1963, the first pilot program to train minister-
physician teams was conducted in Denver, Colorado. Originally the
program was set up with the thought that perhaps 50 to 75 would-be
non-smokers would attend in addition to the AS observers who were pre—
sent for training. The first night, however, #00 smokers came for help.
The following night with the session moved to larger quarters the
count rose to nearly 600! The news coverage was excellent.

Both the Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News carried daily
reports on cEE'EEEsIEEE. Wes French, F333;??? for-the News, took
the course seriously and his daily columns gave graphic descriptions
of how he was faring in his effort to break a 20—year habit of

tobacco smoking. Time magazine was on hand with a reporter-
photographer team.

 

 

The radio and TV stations taped on-the-spot interviews for later
use on the air. TWelve times in four days there were recorded
interviews on the radio, not to mention references in briefer
newscasts.

With the largest single group in the history of the "Plan"

enrolled, there was some question as to what the outcome would be.
On the fifth night Elman Folkenberg asked the participants to raise
their hands if they had not smoked since the beginning of the week.

More than 400 hands went up.2

The second pilot program was held on the campus of the University

of Maryland, February 25, 1963, sponsored by the Washington Sanitarium

 

1"Denver Five-Day Plan Draws Record Crowd," Tell, A Journal
of Seventh-day Adventist Public Relations, Washington, D.C.: Washington
College Press, March, 1963, Vol. 5, No. 3, p. l.

21bid.

 

 

 
 

and Hospital. This program also was a great attraction for the news

media. Samuel Stafford, reporter for the Washington Daily News

 

participated in the "Plan" and reported his reactions daily. The
Washington S355 reporter's article appeared on the front page for
the entire series. Interviews were held on radio and T.V. U.S. News
and World Report called toward the close of the session to secure
statistics on results, and once again Tim: magazine sent a reporter-
photographer team.1 In a March issue of 3225, an article entitled
"One Way to Stovamoking" gave a rundown of the "Plan" and results.2
A seven-page story of "The New Five—Day Plan to Stop Smoking"
appeared in the August issue of Pageant.3

The upshot of the tremendous impact made by the "Plan" on the
public in helping many overcome the smoking habit, was that certain
resolutions were made by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.
In view of the fact that the "Plan" is a church-oriented program, the
following actions were taken in 1963, to give support, and guidance
to the project:

1. That the plan for conducting pilot schools for the purpose

of training personnel be continued for a period of one year, with

the understanding that a minimum of one school be held in each
union in the North American Division. In order to assure the

 

1"Five-Day Plan for Smokers Rouses Washington Media," Tell
Vol. 15, No. # (April 1963), p. 3.

2"One Way to Stop Smoking," Time, LXXXI, No. 11 (March 16, 1963),
p. 72.

3Theodore Irwin, "The New Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking,"
Pageant, (August, 1963), pp. 98-104.

12

success of these schools, the General Conference and the ten
North American union conferences have set up a financial project
whereby E. J. Folkenberg and Wayne McFarland, M.D., of the
Atlantic Union will be lent to the General Conference for this
program. Thus the men who have developed this Five-day Plan
over the past three years will be made available to the entire
North American Division for the specific purpose of conducting
training institutes for medical-ministerial teams. This step is
not only welcome, but we feel that there is a definite necessity
for the proper advancement of this program.

2. All details of the program, including the itinerary of
the Fblkenberg-McFarland team, will be under the direction of a
permanent guidance and coordinating committee, which was also
set up by action of the Spring Council. Members of this committee
are as follows: Arthur H. Roth, chairman; J. R. Spangler, secretary;
W. P. Bradley; E. J. Fblkenberg; J. 0. Gibson; Waynd McFarland, M.D.;
Cyril Miller; J. C. Kozel; C. E. Randolph, M.D.; M. H. Reeder,
J. V. Scully.

All requests for the training team and questions relative to
materials and procedures should be directed to Arthur H. Roth.

3. Materials used in the Five-Day Plan are to be made
available through the General Conference Temperance Department.
Union and conference organizations should order directly from
them. The materials and prices are as follows:

A. Advertising Brochures-—ready to be imprinted with local
{ETEFESYIEET-53773-Eer 100. (For the general public.)

B. Your Five-Day Plan Control Booklet-~complete with decision
mm in the plan.)

C. lecture and Advertising Materials as prepared by E. J.
Pol n erg an Wayne McFarlan , M.D., and press releases,
available to the teams that conduct this plan, give full
instruction. $2.00 each.

u. The Five-Day Plan is to be considered a public service of
the Seventh-day Adventist Church and is to be kept distinct and
separate from the regular program of public evangelism.

5. The Five-Day Plan is to be conducted only by Seventh-day
Adventist medical-ministerial teams that have been approved by the
union conference coordinator and the conference committee.

 

1J. R. Spengler, "Organization of Five-Day Plan Program,"
Ministry, XXXVI, No. 6 (June 1963), p. 7.

 

   

  

  

13

On January 14, 1964, the Walter Cronkite network newscast
carried a report on the largest pilot clinic conducted until that
time. The "Plan" was held at Hunter College, New York, just one day
after the U. S. Surgeon General's committee on tobacco had released
its findings, with approximately 2,000 in attendance the opening
night.1 T.V. cameras were on hand, the New York papers, Herald-
Tribune and 32923 carried the report of the clinic daily. N.B.C.
International Included the "Plan" in its report to Europe, and

Christianity deay requested information for an article on the "Plan."

A New Dimension for the "Plan"

The Detroit, Michigan, clinic conducted by McFarland and
Fblkenberg merits consideration not only because of the results
but because of a new "need" discovered.

Preparation for the Detroit clinic was very comprehensive.
Church members distributed 30,000 brochures. The Detroit Council
of Churches sent announcements and brochures to nearly 800 local
churches. The film One in Twenty Thousand was shown to more than
13,000 high school students, and brochures were available so that they
could invite their parents. The Wayne Council on Smoking and Health
threw its influence behind the program, distributing tens of thousands
of brochures via the American Cancer Society and the American Heart
and,Tuberculosis Societies, with mailings made to prominent physicians

:throughout the city. Men of national prominence, such as Dr. Alton

 

 

 

14

slated to appear on the program.1 Folkenberg stated: 'Working
closely with a Detroit public relations firm, we had a field day
with radio, television, and newspapers . . . There was only one
thing wrong, people were not responding."2
With only twenty-four hours to go before program time and only
a handful of registrations, Eblkenberg left his hotel room and
conducted 45-minute "man-in-the—street" interviews. He discovered
that people knew about the Plan scheduled for the Ford Auditorium,
that 9 out of 10 smokers interviewed wanted to stop smoking but
were afraid of gaining weight. One man responded: "What's the
difference if I die of lung cancer, emphysema, or a heart con-
dition caused by overweight?"3
Immediately the move was made to salvage the Detroit "Plan".
By radio, television, and newspapers the following message was

released:

In view of the fact that so many people who stop smoking
begin to gain weight, you will be interested to know that
during each evening of the Five-Day Plan in Ford Auditorium,

a weight-control program will be presented entitled 'Weighing
What You Want to Weigh.’ This will be a part of each evening’s
program during the Five-Day Plan. It will show you how to make
proper weight a normal way of life, without the need for crash
programs or special diets.

 

1E. J. Folkenberg, "Getting the Five-Day Plan Over in Detroit,"
Ministry, XXXIX, No. 8 (August 1966), p. 23.

21bid., p. 23.
31bid., p. 24.

“Ibid., p. 24.

 

 

 

15

The "last minute" approach to salvage the program got results.
Although it was very late to advertise, the heretofore dead telephone
came to life. Folkenberg reported "at curtain time we walked on stage
before one thousand of Detroit's finest citizens, eager, expectant,
and as warm an audience as I have ever addressed. They were there for
dual help on smoking and obesity, and were seemingly twice as re-
ceptive to everything we said."1

Thus another dimension was added to the plan to make a double

impact on the participants.

Scope of the Five-Day Plan

Since the presentation of the Five-Day Plan to the Adventist
ministers at the General Conference Session in 1962 and since the origin
of the pilot clinics in which some 400 teams were trained, hundreds of
"Plans" have been conducted throughout the United States and other
countries.2 It has been introduced with notable success in England,
Australia, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, Finland, West Germany, South
Africa, certain Latin American countries,and Far Eastern Countries.3
It is the official program for the government in Norway. The Plan
is being conducted in many Communist countries: Russia, East Germany,

Yusoslovia, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.“

 

11bid., p. 25.
2Fo1kenberg Interview.

3s.o.a. EncycloEe-dia, p. 409.
“Ehlkenburg Interview.

 

16

    
 
 

o l I ‘l

m Habit", Newsweek, 1m, No. 9 (March 2, 1970),,
Filly. :01: Story of Year '69." El, 001.; 22.”. a"

V

 

CHAPTER II

THE RHETORICAL THEORY CONCERNING "THE PLAN"

PRESENTED BY FOLKENBERG AND MCFARLAND

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

This chapter presents the theory pertaining to the Five-Day
Plan advocated by Folkenberg and McFarland. The study of their
theory is very important because all the "Plane" that followed
were built on the foundation. Approximately four hundred teams
in North America have been trained by these men to conduct the "Plan"
in their own localities.1 Fblkenberg and McFarland believe that the
method which they prescribe, if followed, will enhance communi—
. cations between the team and the participant.

Emphasis in their theory is on low-key approach--ca1mness
but conern on the part of the team; a pleasant, friendly manner;
a conversational tone rather than "oratory or histrionics" in the lecture.
Their approach is one of reason and logic, permeated with sincere con-
geniality, because the people who respond to the advertised invitations are
frustrated, anxious humans with hang-ups and habits of smoking that they
hope to discard. Since the Five-Day Plan is a service to the physical,
mental and spiritual welfare of those attending the sessions, Fblkenberg

orients the Plan in the recorded ministry of Jesus. He says:

 

17

 

 

  

18

No wonder Matthew 9:26 declares, "The fame . . . 15f Jesus?
went abroad into all that land." And what could prevent such
irresistible news from sweeping the nation? Have you ever
wondered by what Jesus made Himself known? Do you realize the
secret of His fame? He was advertised by His service first, and
by His sermons second. No wonder, then, that He spent more time
ministering than He did preaching. He came to this earth not
primarily to establish a great system of theology. He came to
live a life of service. And life He did, more healthfully than
His contemporaries, spreading tender ministry wherever He went.
The Purpose of the Five-Day Plan
Fblkenberg sees the masses of the world, day by day, traveling
to and from work, to and from their pleasures and social activities un-
touched by the influence of the church. Many, he believes, are burdened
with problems of every description but are unaware of available help.
Man's original fall from God's grace Fblkenberg says was through Satan's
three-pronged assault against his physical, mental and spiritual natures
and by this successful attack on man’s physical nature his spiritual
connection with his Creator was disrupted. Because man fell on all three
levels, Fblkenberg believes that it necessitates attempts on the part of
the ministry to save the whole man by appealing equally to his physical,
mental and spiritual natures.2 The "Plan" can be used as an entering
wedge to restore both physical and spiritual health.
Though McFarland is interested in the medical phase of the "Plan",
his purpose in holding the clinics closely parallels that of Folkenberg's.

He speaks of the Five-Day Plan as a tool to break down prejudice and to

get the people started toward the Kingdom of God. It is primarily a

 

1E. J. Pblkenberg, "The Power of Medical and Ministerial En-
deavor," Ministry, Special Report, April Supplement (April 1963), p, 6,

23. J. Fblkenberg, "New Frontiers in Medical Evangelism,"
Ministry, V01. XXXV, No. 6 (June 1962), p. 28.

19

soil-preparing program rather than a reaping program. It introduces
participants indirectly to a source of spiritual strength-~to the
fact there is a Heavenly Father willing to minister to their needs

if they but ask. Through this approach some begin to see assurance

 

of lasting victory over the tobacco habit which is one of the goals
of the "Plan". Many people in the middle and upper classes who
have no religious affiliations attend these clinics. Usually they
are not interested in religion. But when they have been made aware of
an inner strength that comes from commitment to a Power outside them-
selves, some participants will approach the minister or the doctor
privately for further information on religion.1

The minister-physician team that conducts the Plan reaches
many upper 01355 PrOEeSSional people who respond to its principles and

promote good will for both the Plan and its sponsors enthusiastically.

Timeliness of the Five-Day Plan
In McFarland‘s judgment, the day of opportunity has come for
the Plan.

We stand today on the threshold of one of the greatest
revolutions on smoking this world has ever seen. Governments,
one after another, have come out with strong pronouncements
against tobacco. England set the pace for the rest of the
world. We trust soon our own governmental agencies will take
definite steps along the same lines. Never has there been such
an opportunity as now to bring to the world a program for which
they are waiting. --

 

let us arise and train teams of doctors and ministers who can
go out two by two to conduct classes to help people stop smoking.
Brethren, it works: We have seen that when you combine forces
in a medical-ministerial unit, powerful results follow.

 

lucsarland Interview.

   

23. Wayne McFarland, "Medical and Ministerial Combination,"
Ministry, Special Report, April Supplement, (April 1963), p. 7.

 

 

 

20

In his view, it is not more facts on tobacco that people need;
rather they need the answer to the question "How do I stop smoking? Many
are afraid; they want help. They may have tried many times to give up
the habit but with little success. They are desperate. The in-
dividuals who have the answer to the problem are under obligation to

aid them in their struggle with nicotine.1

The Five-Day Plan lectures

 

The Plan lectures were prepared by the original team and put
in print to make it possible for a minister or psychologist and physician
to conduct a Plan with a minimal amount of time involved. FEw ministers
or physicians would have the time to prepare original messages in order
to conduct a non-smoking clinic. Neither would they have immediately
accessible information to develop lectures that would be equal in
quality to those prepared by Folkenberg and McFarland. These lectures
were developed over a period of many months and revised many times during
the first year and a half.2 McFarland states: "We hammered out and
improved in spots . . . worked back and forth on what we thought
would work best."3

The Plan lectures were built on sound psychological and
physiological principles. The note material was put into shape by
Folkenberg, who was a theology and speech major in college and

received some guidance from the Royal Academy in London.“

 

11bid.
2Fblkenberg Interview.
3McFarland Interview.

“Polkenberg Interview.

 

21

He states: "The five-day plan basic principles were put together as
principles A. B, C, D, but the lecture materials were written as
amplifications of those principles."1

The following shows the topics introduced for each day’s

group therapy:

First Group Therapy Program in the Five-Day

Plan to Stop Smoking

Main Divisions of lectures

 

1. Welcome and Introduction of Subject (Minister or Psychologist).
2. Nature of the Habit.

3. Personal Control Program.

ll. Gradually . . . Or All at Once?

5. The Secret of Strong Will Power.

6. now to Strengthen will Power.

7. A Correct Use or the Hill.

8. Power of the Mind Over Your Body.

9. You can Break the Habit. There is No Doubt:
10. Transition to the Physical Aspects of Smoking.
11. The Doctor's Presentation (Physician).

12. Recommended Diet Control. ’
13. Use of (kygen in Breaking the Habit.
11b. Correct Breathing Monstration.

15. A Word of Encouragement.

 

 

11nd.

   

 

 

 

1.

2.

1+.
5.
6.
7.

10.
11.
12.

13.

22

Second Group Therapy Program

Doctor‘s Welcome and Introduction.
Nicotine and the Nervous System.

What Happened When You First Smoked?

What You Should Know About Coffee.

The Cold Mitten Friction.

Medical Summary.

Ministers Group Therapy (Minister).

Mind and Body Relationship.
Demonstrations and Audience Participation.
An Outside Power Required.

What You Can Start to Expect.

Third Group Therapy Program

Subject Introduction (Minister).

Brief Review of Previous Program.
Reverse Relationship (of Body to Mind).
"Over Work."

A Broader Concept of Will Power.

A Matter of Life or Death.

What to do with the "Irresistible" Urge.
Strength or the Buddy System. '
Smoking and Your neart (Physician).
Vitamins and Your Nerves.

Three Spheres of. the Human Being.

Good Sources for Vitamin 31.

Results of Excessive Sugar on Nerves.

23

Fourth Group Therapy Program
Condiments and Smoking (Physician).

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
 
     
  
 
 
  

f z , 2. The Effects of Rich, Heavy Foods.
"§ t- r 3. Cholesterol and High Meat Intake.
u. Danger of Discouragement (Minister).
5. Motives For Stopping.
6. The Best Motive of All.
< 7. The Power of Faith in Breaking Your Habit.

8. Extension of Your will Power.

Fifth Group Therapy Program
1. Man - A Creature of Habit (Minister).
2. A Proper Concept For Helping You Live Above the Habit.
3. JUSt What Are you worth?
h. The Purpose in Our creation.
:2; ~ . 5. Your Permanent Decision to Stop Smoking.
‘.6. Smoking and the Weight Problem.
7. Keeping Trim.
- f 8.’ Exercise is Important.
:1 géaj is-The'lectures presented by Fblkenberg are concerned with the
fix iggpehologieal aspects of the tobacco habit, the psychological steps
' “.‘Qiflfflfthe craving, the physiological keys to stronger will power
a»

contending of will power, and the psychological keys to a

’- 6601310“.
&. Pblkenberg and J. Whyne McFarland, Grou Theta lectures
#flnion conference, South Lancaster, Miss. (January, i§355.

A

24

McFarland‘s lectures direct attention to the physiological

 

aspects of smoking. His messages cope with the physiological effects
of the use of tobacco, physiological steps to lessen craving, and ways
to weaken craving. 0n the fifth night he deals with the physiological
keys to weight control.1

Both Folkenberg and McFarland present motives involving
decisions on the part of participants to break the smoking habit.

(lectures, See Appendix A).

Prescribed Methods of Conducting the Five-Day Plan
Fblkenberg again points to the seed bed of the Plan from
which its methods spring:

The combination of Christlike work for the body and for the
soul is of divine origin. In this work, doctors and ministers
are to combine their efforts; and going "two by two," they will
find access to the hearts of the people.

"No line is to be drawn between the genuine medical missionary
work and the gospel ministry. These two must blend. They are
not to stand apart as separate lines of work. They are to be
joined in an inseparable union, even as the hand is joined to
the body.--Medical Ministry, p. 250.

Time and again throughout the book Medical Ministry the work
of the doctor and the minister is outlined: "There is to be
no division between the ministry and the medical work"; "the
Lord calls for unity"; they should "plan to unite."

As a team, Folkenberg and McFarland have demonstrated their

ability in creativity and organization. Most of the detailed in-

structions which they follow in a scientific manner in conducting

 

a stop-smoking clinic originated with F'olkenberg.3

 

11bid.
2Mthrland, "Medical and Ministerial Combination."

3Fblkenberg & Mthrland, Lectures.

 

 

 

 

25

l. Cooperating with other groups having a common goal. Tb
make the maximum impact on a community--to develop the confidence of
the masses--the team got the support of organizations with like
objectives. The American Heart and Tuberculosis Association, State
and National Cancer societies, councils on Health gave their aid
and influence to the "Plan" once it was off the ground.1

2. Choosing a place to conduct the Plan. Thoughtful
consideration should be given to selecting a location for the clinic.
A meeting place should be chosen that is commensurate with the high
class program that is to be conducted. Hotel banquet rooms, school
auditoriums, the Y.W.C.A., the Y.M.C.A., Business association
auditoriums, hospital lecture rooms, and Court House auditoriums have
proven to be desirable.2 Caution should be taken about conducting
clinics in churches unless the purpose is primarily to reach the
parishioners. The location should be a place of easy access,
familiar to the public, ample in size and facilities--a place where
any class of people would feel free to attend.

The cost of the auditorium is of concern to the team, also.
Since the clinics are usually conducted as a free community service
and only a minimal registration fee is charged to cover the expense
of materials, the funds for renting auditoriums are very limited.
There are many desirable public auditoriums available without charge

to organizations rendering free community service.

 

1:. J. Pblkenberg, "Getting the Five-Day Plan Over in Detroit,"
Ministry, Vol. XXXIX, No. 8 (August, 1966), p. 23.

2F’olkenberg & McFarland, Lectures.

26

3. Advertising the Five-Day Plan.

The success of the Plan has largely been due to publicity
received through the news media. The break-through for Fblkenberg
and McFarland was the result of a day-by-day account by a newspaper
reporter who attended the clinic in New Hampshire.1 Folkenberg, an
experienced man in the area of public relations, directed the
advertising for the Plan in the communities where the programs were
conducted. No aspect of the news media or known source of help from
organizations that would give publicity to the clinics was by-passed.

Explicit instructions are presented in the Five-Day 2132 Public

Relations Kit to be used as guide—lines for the teams in their ad-

 

vertising through the news media. The kit provides the following
suggestions:

RADIO STATIONS: Visit radio studios about one month before Plan
is to begin, and talk with program directors about the possi-
bility of having some part of an interview-type program if the
station carries one. It is well to familiarize yourself with
programs carried by station before approaching directors. The
station may wish to interview the physician or the minister
separately, but it is best to have both the minister and the
physician interviewed together, in SPEEr to avoid infringement
on medical ethics. Leave the fact sheets as well as the
brochures.

Inquire as to the possibility of having spot announcements made
regarding the opening of the 5-Day Plan. Find out to whom you
should supply the spots or a news story on the beginning of the
Plan. Include a fact sheet with the news story to the station.

TV'STATTONS: Visit local TV station program directors about one
month in advance. Introduce the Plan, giving them brochure and
fact sheets, and mentioning the report in Newsweek, Time, Pa eant,
Medical Tribune, of program. Describe themimmllfiv—
Trigger" and offer to make it available to the station for showing
near date Plan is to begin. Suggest the possibility of showing
simply the cartoon section of "Time Pulls the Trigger." If
station carries an interview type program, suggest that the
minister and physician will cooperate in an interview on the air.

 

1McFarland, Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking.

 

27

Inquire as to the possibility of spot announcements. Find
out to whom these should be sent (news editor). Invite program
director to attend the Plan.

Suggest that the station might wish to send a caters crew to

shoot a session of the 5-day Plan. Describe visual devices
you will use.

NEWSPAPERS: visit editors of newspapers (city editor, not religion
editor) the week before Plan is to begin. If the church press
secretary is the type you feel would add strength to your program,
take him or her with you. Go on the Monday of the week before
the Plan begins. leave with them the announcement story and

pictures of the plan "team,” the brochure on the Plan, and the
fact sheets. _ .

Invite the city editor to attend or assign someone else to

attend as a participant. Name other reporters and editors who
have attended:

Sidney Fields, colunnist, New York Mirror
Ken Brennan, Pottsville, Pa. , Re ubli'can
Dai'l 5

Cynthia McKee, Claremont, 11.11., le
Charles Portia, New York Herald Tribune
wes French, Rocg Mountain News (Denver)
Sam Stafford, Rae ngton De y News
livid Bratten, Washington Evening Star1
A brief Fact Sheet is used by individuals designated by the
team to care for the public relations aspect of the program. It

provides general information regarding the Plan for managers or

directors of the News Media.

FACT SHEET FIVE-DAY PLAN '10 3101’ SLDKING

what is it?

1. a series of five consecutive group therapy sessions usually
held for one hour each evening. These sessions include:

1. lectures, or discussions by a minister-physician team

on the physiological as well as psychological aspects
of the smoking problem.

 

1Five-Day Plan, Public Relations Kit, 1). 2.

28

2. Films on smoking and its harmful effects on body and
mind.

3. Demonstrations of procedures helpful to overcoming the
smoking habit.

4. Exchange of experiences by participants as they fight
the habit under the Pivo-lhy Plan.

ll. A.personal control program that reaches into every minute of the
individual’s waking life. A.special booklet entitled ”Your Five-
Day Plan" tells him:

1. now to relax.

2. now to avoid familiar spots or activities that might
lead to a mmoke.

3. When to exercise and how to breathe.

a. What to eat and drink and with when.

5. Even what to think at crucial times.

lll..A buddy system similar to that used by.Alcoholics Anonymous is a
vital part of the program and follow-up after the course closes.

Who sponsors it?

Sponsored by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Ever since its origin
the Adventist Church has held that the use of tobacco and alcohol are
harmful to health. Therefore its members do not smoke or drink. The
Sloan-Kettering Institute, knowing this, used the members in a study
on the incidence_of lung cancer among smokers and non-smokers. It
discovered that incidence of lung cancer among the non-smoking
Adventists was only 10 percent that of the average in the U. S.

The Church is sponsoring this Plan as a part of its contribution

to the physical-fitness program of the nation at a time when clear
minds and healthy citizens are needed. It is a part of the Church's
cooperation with the American Cancer Society and other similar
Organizations, which are urging an educational program as to the
effects of smoking.1

The following are sample guides of radio and lfl’news announce-
ments made by Pblkenberg to help busy pastor-physician teams infonm

the public more readily of their proposed programe.

 

11b1d. , p. “O

29~

RADIO OR TV NBHS‘ANNOUNCKMKNT

(Fill in local data, copy, putting your name and phone number in upper
left corner.)

60 seconds

FIVE-MY PLAN 'lD S'IDP MIN

Smokers who want to stop will have their chance next week under a
special Five-Day Plan to be conducted here by a physician-minister team.
Dr. (FULL M) of (ADDRBS OR IDENTITY) and Pastor (FULL NAME AND
IBNTITY) will begin group therapy Sessions (DAY) night at (TIME)

at (PLACE AND ADDRESS).

Recently featured in the nation's leading magazines and newspapers,
the Five-Day Plan has been found to be highly successful. It has
been tested in major cities of the United States and anadafor
over three years.

he Plan involves a daily personal control program as well as the
evening group therapy sessions. It is sponsored here by the (m
or sronsonms ORGANIZATION) as a free community health service.1

RADIO OR TV SPOT WWW

(Fill in local data, copy, putting your name and phone number in upper
left corner.)

30 seconds
FIVE-MY PLAN 10 smr 810K133

What to stop smoking? You can lick the habit by attending the
Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking -- group therapy sessions to be
held each evening next week beginning (DAY) at (THE) at the
(PH- AND ADDRES). his is a (free) comunity health service
sponsored by the (m OF ORGANIZATION). a plan proved highly
effective over a trial run of more, than three years. ‘lhe first

session» begins at (TIDE) o'clock (WHEN) with the showing of the
film ”One In 20,000". 'lhat's at (marsh?

Several of the programs on smoking attracted a large number of
people such as Washington, D.C.: Denver, Colorado: and Detroit, Michigan.

News reporters attended these clinics both as participants and reporters.

 

111m. , p. s.

zlbid., p. 9.

30

The publication of a day-by-day account of their reactions helped
create a great interest in the Plan and also aided in preparing the
way for future clinics. For clinics conducted on a smaller scale
without reporters in attendance, newspaper announcement releases were
prepared for each of the five days, presenting general information

of the clinic as it progressed.1

4. Creating the Proper Atmosphere for the Five-Day Plan.

Many of the people who attend the clinics are apprehensive,
jumpy, and on edge. Some are frustrated because of their inability
to handle the smoking habit. Also, there are in the group a large
percentage of participants who are skeptical of the Plan, especially
since it is sponsored or co-sponsored by a religious organization.
These conditions demand an atmosphere that is conducive to relaxation
and has a soothing effect on the nerves.2

The auditorium should be made as cheerful and pleasant as
possible. Soft, soothing and light recorded music are helpful. Well-
groomed, friendly ushers should be on hand to distribute pamphlets
at the door. For many of the participants it is a difficult ex-
perience at best; therefore the most comfortable and subdued
atmosphere possible should be achieved.

5. Registering For the Five-Day Plan.3

On the first night of the Plan everyone is given a Registration

and Statistical Information sheet. The information provided therein

 

11bid., p. 8.
2Folkenberg Interview.

31bid.

 

31

enables the team to become somewhat acquainted with the participants.
The statistics are also valuable in follow-up‘work that is conducted
to give additional help. The participants are assured_that the
information given'will be kept confidential and that nobody will call
at their home. (See.Appendix B).

6. Using Films and Bulletins in the Five-Day Plan.

Pblkenberg and McFarland recommend the use of films and bulletins
to augment their efforts in helping the smokers overcome the habit.
Two of the most popular and effective films are "One in Twenty-Thousand"
and ”Time Pulls the Trigger." Finns should be used at least three
nights of the series. "Cancer by the Carton" is also recommended.
The local and national Cancer Societies have excellent current fihms
available for use without cost. It is recommended that during the
viewing of the fihm ”One in Twenty-Thousand”, which shows the
surgical removal of a cancerous lung, a nurse or physician
be nearby with smelling salts. Some heavy smokers during this film smoke
a mental substitution, feeling themselves to be on the operating table.
They should be advised by the physician to close their eyes if they
feel a bit squeamish.l

During the entire series, available printed materials should
be on display for the participants'own use and for sharing with
friends. The cancer societies have an abundance of free pamphlets
available for such use. "Tb Smoke or Net to Smoke," "Smoke Signals,"

and Paul Harvey‘s pamphlet on smoking are highly recommended.2

 

llblkenberg and Mthrland, Group Therapy Lectures.

zlbid.

32

7. Presenting the Five-my Plan lectures.
The first prerequisite for connunication in the Plan according

to both Polhenberg and Icmland is a sincere interest in the partici-

pants. P’olkenberg states:

I think sincerity is the only thing that really counts. They
can very quickly tell whether you‘re doing it just because of assignment
or project, or whether you really want to help them and are interested
in them as people. I think sincerity is the only real hey that can
be of benefit to them. Genuine interest in them.1

Hererland concurs with his teammate's opinion that development
of rapport and ce—unication with the participant is essential.

Just absolute sincerity and love for them. The man conducting
this program must really love people more than he loves himself.

If he puts himself out and denys himself of something that he'd
rather be doing becuase he loves those people and wants to help
them, it will come across, but if he‘s doing it to build up him-
self, that will con across too. The biggest thing is for this

doctor and minister team, to get together and pray and study,
to the point where their hearts became like one. any will

hay; such a burden for those people that they just can't stand
it.
The second concern that the speaher must have is his command
of the materials on hand. Although many of the participants are
apprehensive about the progrms, there has been a certain degree of con-
fidence developed before the meeting because advertising material has

held out hope to them. They are coming to meet people who say they
will try to help them. rolkenberg says:

 

ll'olhsnberg interview.

Zach: land Interview

33

They don‘t know how or what's going to happen but you have a
rapport before they even come to the building. It's like ”I‘m
going to go to the doctor for help, I have confidence that he
can help me.“ The confidence, of course, enlarges very quickly,
it builds" by the second night the audience generally are very
much indebted to the people who organised this program.1

According to Polkenberg the use of a manuscript by a speaker
is out of place in the Five-my Plan. While the brief outline is
recommended, the speaker should be so well acquainted with the
outline that it becomes second nature to him. The speaker's
conunication can be enhanced by the use of visual 81dI--especia11y
the actual specimens of the conditions that he is discussing. A
cancerous lung or a human brain attracts the attention, and the
impression is given that ”he really knows what he is talking about."2

Polkenberg continues:

If you’re going to rightfully conduct this program, you must
be in a relaxed auosphere. The speakers must not be tense, and
they must be in thorough comand of their material, because
hesitancy on their part will convey hesitancy and lack of
certainty to the people who are taking the course. It requires,
therefore, a cmand of materials so that the peopleknow they
are in good hands. It's like having a doctor poised over you
with a scalpel in his hand and his hand is quivering. It
shatters your confidencef3 .

The message should be presented in as personable manner as possible.
The delivery should be conversational and not presented as a lecture.

The group therapy approach should be used. You are actually having a

conversation with each individual.“

 

l'Plelkenberg Interview.
21bid.
3lbid.

“this.

3h

The speaker's mental attitude, his confidence or lack of
confidence in the program, will have its effect on the participants,
according to Folkenberg.

Be absolutely certain in your own mind that by heaven's power,
coupled with participants' own following of the Plan, they can be
victorious over smoking. Now let’s suppose your attitude is
hesitant, conveying an unconscious sense of uncertainty. This
could easily be disastrous. Please don't forget that many smokers
seated before you are teetering on the brink of desperation.
Afraid of possible disease, afraid of the struggle ahead to break
the habit, fearful of yet another failure to overcome, they must
gain confidence and courage from you for them to make a decided,
earnest attempt to follow the Plan. A half-hearted beginning can
easily end in failure. Then remember well St. Paul’s inspired
promise, "For we are saved by hope." Rom. 8:214.1

8. Using the Personal Control Booklet in the Five-Day Plan.

Each evening, near the close of the 1 hour and 30 minute meetings,
several pages that make up the control booklet are given to each member
in the audience. This loose-leaf booklet contains instruction for
every waking hour for the five-day period. However, the materials
are presented only for the day preceding each lecture.

The detailed instructions, regarding their exercise, diet,
drinking, bathing, relaxation, sleep, breathing, association, free
time, mental attitude, reaction to defeat, are urged by both members
of the team to be followed.2 The main points are reviewed briefly
each evening for the following day. Mthrland suggests that they

may want to contact their family physician for a prescription to

calm their nerves, if needed. He also informs them that if their

 

1Folkenberg & McFarland, Lectures, Lecture #1, p. 2.

2E. J. Folkenberg and J. Wayne McFarland, Five Day Plan, uth
edition, copyright 1962, pp. 4-17.

 

3S

physician has them on a special diet or they are taking medicine,
his direction should be followed.1 An information sheet is pro-
vided for the participant to register his withdrawal symptoms each
day. The information provided here is useful in future research,
and it also enables the team to become sequainted with the problems
experienced by the individual members of the clinic.2

9. Introducing Group Dynamics in the Five-Day Plan.

Near the end of the evening group therapy period, a brief time
is allotted for the group to tell their personal experiences of
their battle with tobacco-awhether it be good or bad. The following
questions are asked the volunteers before they begin to speak:

A. "Please tell us how long you have smoked."

B. "What has been your average cigarette consumption per day?"3

The participants' answers to these questions immediately creates
the human interest aspect which makes his testimony much more valuable
to the rest of the group. The member of the team who is conducting
"group dynamics" should make a brief, optimistic comment on each case,
expressing belief that the person will break the habit if the Plan is
faithfully followed. At this point each individual needs a "trans-
fusion" of the team's courage.

From 20 to 40 participants constitutes a practical size group for

the Plan. Should a very large group attend, it would be wise to

1Folkenberg and Mthrland, lectures, lecture #1, p. 16.
2Folkenberg and McFarland, Five Day Plan, p. 19.

3Folkenberg and McFarland, Lectures, Lecture #2, n.p.

36

separate into smaller groups for the "Group Dynamics" under the
chairmanship of a carefully chosen individual capable of discussing
the film just shown and the experiences of those wishing to respond.1

Folkenberg states that by the third evening:

Most audience reserve or suspicion has largely vanished,
leaving an excellent group spirit of fellowship and warmth. You
may, therefore, expect excellent personal experiences to be
freely recounted with unusual candor, which in themselves be-
came an actual therapeutic agent in breaking the habit. By all
means, encourage free discussion, being careful not to let any
one person monopolize the period. Keep their comments relatively
short and to the point.2

Usually the fifth night is the best for personal experiences.

If the team has communicated effectively with the group, many will
request another Five-Day Plan for their friends and loved ones. This
is the time to analyse the interest and decide where and when the
next series should be held.3

10. Implementing the Buddy System in the Five-Day Plan.

a.buddy system,similar to the.Alcoholics anonymous method,

is instituted the first evening of the Plan. This system of non-
smoking-"togetherness" is a vital link in the success of the plan; and
each smoker chooses a partner in order to develop mutual encouragement

to help each other over the difficult spots in quitting the habit.“

Each participant having a friend in attendance is asked to pair off.

 

p

lbid., Lecture #h, n.p.

21bid., lecture #h, n.p.

3 id.’ I‘Ctur. '5, n.p.

“S.Dua. Encyclopedia, p. 409.

37

The men who have come alone are paired off, and then the women who do
not have a partner are paired off. (Occasionally it is necessary to
put three in a group). These people are asked to exchange phone
numbers and to call each other once in the morning and once in the
afternoon. Folkenberg says: "This is absolutely imperative: . . .
your buddy may be on the verge of losing the battle, on the verge

of smoking again when suddenly the phone rings and there you are,

' encouraging him.1

11. Using the Follow-up Meeting in the Five-Day Plan.

Fbr five consecutive evenings the participants in the clinic
can look for help and encouragement from the team. But after the
clinic concludes, some people find it difficult to manage their new
program without aid over an extended period of time. Tb meet this
problem the team conduct follow-up meetings for four or five days
after the clinic is concluded. Monthly meetings are recommended by
the Folkenberg-McFarland team in order to keep close to the new
non-smoker.2

In these meetings appropriate films are shown, and the partici-
pants are given an opportunity to ask questions and discuss problems
that they are facing.

12. Placing Prayer in the Five-Day Plan.

Prayer is part of the Five-Day Plan program. The original team,

with the staff of assistants, came together for prayer at the close

1F’olkenberg and McFarland, Lectures, Lecture #1, p. 16.

21bid., Lecture #5, p. 2.

38

of each meeting seeking divine help in behalf of the people struggling
for victory over tobacco. Folkenberg states:

By now you've heard many people rise to express gratitude and
amazement at how easily they gained their first major victory.
Naturally they've been unaware of divine agencies hovering near
giving needed strength. As workers for souls, let's never forget
that power and efficiency is derived not from any well-thought
out plan, but through the Holy Spirit's blessing upon intelligent
effort. Herein is the key to genuine success. If you would be
certain of significant victories being gained over tobacco, then
by all means diligently pray for these souls during the five-day
period.1

Decision Night

 

On the fifth night the members of the clinic are urged to make
their decision never to smoke again. To seal this decision, a card
is handed out which reads:

Because I believe tobacco is detrimental to my health, and

illness due to smoking would jeopardize the security of those
I love and hinder further service to my community, I hereby
choose to cease smoking from this day forward.

This is what Elman Folkenberg calls "The final papers in the
divorce from 'Lady Nicotine.”3

In the opinion of the researcher Folkenberg and McFarland used
certain basic rhetorical principles in conducting the "Plan" which
enhanced their communication and laid a foundation for other teams

to build on. By their effective advertising, the wise choice of

meeting places, the creation of an atmosphere that is conducive to

 

libid.

 

2Five-Day Plan Decision Card.

3Theodore Irwin, "The New Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking,"
Pageant, (August, 1963), p. 102.

38A

relaxation and maintaining attention, this team developed a degree
of confidence in themselves and the "Plan" before the lectures were
presented. This confidence was enlarged and rapport established

by the sincere, honest, friendly speakers whose burning desire to
help their audience was revealed by their enthusiastic delivery,
characterized by an informal, conversational quality.

The original team realized the value of a properly conducted
group dynamic session. They believe that the discussion period,
under the direction of a friendly well-informed group leader, who
encourages free discussion on the subject, who understands people,
who can discuss the films and the smoking withdrawal symptoms
intelligently with his audience, both reveals the progress the
participants are making and imparts a surge of encouragement to

them.

CHAPTER III
CASE STUDY: THE PRACTICE AT HIPBMIE

In February, 1963, Chaplain Willis C. Graves and Pathologist
Charles L. Dale, both members of the staff of Hinsdale Sanitarium
and Hospital, were delegates from the Lake Union Conference of
Seventh-day Adventists to a pilot Five-day Plan in Denver, Colorado.
Graves, who had worked with Folkenberg and McFarland in Thunton,
Massachusetts, when the first clinic was conducted stated: "We
were thrilled because there were over five-hundred people in
attendance. We came back with a determination to do something
in Chicago and the very next month we had our first 'Plan.'"1

Graves and Dale, inspired by what they had witnessed at
Denver, conducted their first "Plan" at Tupper Hall on the campus
of the Hinsdale Hospital with approximately thirty-five people
in attendance.2 From March to December of that year Chaplain
Graves and Dr. Dale conducted five "Plans" in Hinsdale, with a
total attendance of about three hundred and fifty people.

Early in 1964, following the Surgeon General’s report of

January 11, interest in the stop-smoking clinic began to increase.

1Willis C. Graves, Private interview held in Berrien Springs,
Michigan, April, 1970 (Hereinafter referred to as Graves Interview).

21bid.

39

HO

Invitations were presented for the team to conduct clinics at the
Chicago Teachers College in Chicago and the Jefferson School in
Niles, Illinois, sponsored by the Niles Board of Health. More
than two hundred indicated their success in breaking the smoking
habit in these two plans, raising the success-rate above 80 per
cent.1 The results of the "Plan" attracted the attention of many
organizations. The Illinois Youth Cbmmission secured the aid of
the Hinsdale Hospital stop-smoking team to conduct a first-in-
the-nation experiment banning cigarettes among thousands of teenagers.

Shortly after the superintendent of the Illinois Youth
Cmmmission's largest institution heard the united States Surgeon
General's report on the relationship of smoking to cancer he read
of the Five-day Plan to Stop Smoking Clinic conducted in Chicago.
It was here that the team entered the picture.

Chaplain Graves and Dr. Dale conducted their first program
for the youth at the Illinois State Training School for Boys,
near St. Charles, Illinois, early in 1964. Fbllowing the program
by the team at St. Charles, monthly meetings were scheduled
at the Joliet evaluation center, where all incoming delinquent

children are sent for one month.2

Later, the president of
Manpower Incorporated of Milwaukee, a nationwide firm which supplies

secretarial and other help for short-term jobs, requested

 

1"Five-Day Plan Interest," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LVI, No. 10
(March 10, 196“), p. 9.

2"Hinsdale Five-Day Plan Team Aids in State's Experimental
Cigarette Ban," Lake Uhion Herald, Vol. LVI, N0. 3“ (September 1,
1964), p. 1.

41

aid in developing a program for the employees who wished to stop
smoking.1

The "Plan" conducted by the Hinsdale team continued to
enjoy success and popularity. Invitations came from surrounding

2 New methods and ideas were

cities and states for the clinic.
developed, both to attract the attention of and help of the would-
be non-smokers. Willis Graves, the "Plan" coordinator, in-
augurated "Smokers' Dial", a telephone answering device on which
messages on how to stop smoking were recorded. The response to this
innovation was phenomenal. The service began with one line and was
quickly increased to three. As the result of a nationdwide broad-
cast regarding the telephone messages, the LaGrange, Illinois,
telephone office reported that all its long distance trunk lines
were jammed all that afternoon.3 The organization of the Chicago
Bx-Smokers Club has been very successful in publicizing the clinics,
and the club is responsible for some of the largest crowds that

have attended the "Plan".4

 

IHFiVe—Day Plan Interest," p. 4.

2"Hinsdale San's Five-Day Plan Them Helps Launch Stop-Smoking
Clinics in Wisconsin,” Lake union Herald, Vol. LX, No. 13 (April 2,
1968), p. 16.

3"Chicago Area Smoker’s Dial Active," Lake Union Herald,
Vol. LVII, No. 13 (March 30, 1965), p. 3.

“"Action by Hinsdale’s Ex-Smokers Club Brings Large 5-Day
Plan Turnout," Tell (December 1967), p. 5.

42

Hinsdale "Plan" Creates National Interest

The team conducted a series at the Sheraton-Chicago Hotel
which created national interest. Three Chicago newspapers carried
daily reports of the clinic, presenting the facts carefully and
accurately. Two reporters linked their reports with their own
reactions to "kicking" the habit. Nearly five-hundred column
inches appeared in newspapers, some as far away as Fort Worth,
Texas. Cameramen-reporter teams from the National Broadcasting
Cbmpany and a West Germany station were present to cover the
final meeting. Dr. Dale appeared on a television news interview on
the Chicago C.B.S. station. Both he and Graves recorded numerous
radio interviews for stations in three states.

Little did Chaplain Graves and Dr. Dale realize1 that the
interest in the "Plan" would mushroom from the approximately 35 in
attendance at their first clinic to as many as 800 to 1000 at some
later sessions. Neither did they realize that their program would
be televised and thereby viewed by the masses in some of the
largest cities in America.

A special half-hour color report on the Hinsdale "Plan"
entitled "A Matter of Days" was telecast in Chicago over the N.B.C.
station WMAQ-TV (channel 5). This program was also shown at

the annual American Hospital Association Cbnvention held in

 

1"Five-Day Plan Draws National Interest," Lake Union Herald,
Vol. LVI, NO. 5 (FEbruary 4, 1964), p. l.

Q3

Atlantic City, New Jersey, by the request of the National Clearing
House on Smoking and Health.1
The National Broadcasting Company video-taped ten one-half-
hour sessions of the plan. The first five-session programs were
used in laying a foundation for the five to follow, which were
actually a mini Five-Day Plan. N.B.C. loaned these tapes to
stations in Washington, D.C.; Cleveland, Ohio; Los Angeles,
Chicago, and New York City, where the series was shown twice.
Sections of the plan held at the Cbntinental Insurance
Cbmpany in downtown Chicago were taped by Cblumbia Broadcasting Company
cameramen. These video-tapes were condensed in length to four or five
minutes and were shown each night for five consecutive nights. The
telephone number of the Hinsdale "Plan" was given each night, and
Graves states: "we were swamped with calls."2
The Hinsdale team conducted a clinic at the Sheraton-
Chicago Hotel in conjunction with the first North American Five-Day
Plan Congress in April 13-17, 1969, which was designed to be
provocative rather than legislative. The four-day session became
a pooling of ideas, methods, and experiences of the delegates.
The evening meetings were observation sessions as the Hinsdale
team conducted a clinic for 230 registrants.
All delegates were assigned to committees. Dale and Graves

served with the other delegates on various committees formulating

recommendations to guide the General Conference of Seventh-Day

—‘

1"Chicago Telecast Features Five-Day Plan," Lake Union Herald,
‘VOl. Lx, No. 32 (August 20, 1968), p. 6.

2Graves Interview.

#4

Adventists Temperance Department in developing plans for promoting
the Five-Day Plan.1
Careful planning and effective advertising through the

major news media have aided the Hinsdale team in building a re-
markable reputation in the Chicago area. The Hinsdale sponsored
"Plan" is conducted three times a year at the Sanitarium and
Hospital and; in addition, accepts many invitations to aid or
conduct clinics in the surrounding cities and states. Even with

the help of the assistant chaplain and other physicians on the
hospital staff, the team must reject some invitations because of the

lack of time.2

Methods Followed by the Hinsdale Them in
onducting_theFive:E§§-PTEH__—_-'
Willis Graves and Charles Dale follow the method advocated
by Folkenberg and McFarland in conducting the "Plan." They agree
that the team approach--presenting the mental and physical aspects
of breaking the habit of smoking, plus attention to the spiritual
aspect cannot be improved.3 The Hinsdale team adopted these basic
principles, making only a few changes in orienting the material
and methods to the clinics held in the Chicagoland area. Those that
do occur are largely in the medical approach as the following material

indicates.

 

1"5-Day Plan Congress Held in Chicago," Lake Union Herald,
v01. LXI, No. 19 (May 13, 1969). pp. 3. “-

 

2Charles L. Dale, Private interview held in Hinsdale, Illinois,
May 19, 1970 (Hereinafter referred to as Dale Interview).

3Graves Interview.

45

1. Lectures Used by the Hinsdale Team in Conducting the
Five-Day Plan.

‘Willis Graves, in presenting the psychological aspects of
breaking the tobacco habit, states: "I follow Fblkenberg's lectures
quite closely."1 The only change that Graves makes in Fblkenberg's
lectures consists of a few different illustrations and the up-dating of
statistics.2

Gordon T. Hewlett, Assistant Chaplain,,also relies heavily on
Pblkenberg's lectures when working with the team. He states: We have
deleted some material and we have added little bits and pieces, but

3

basically it is Folkenberg's material." Both Hewlett and Graves feel

there is no great need for major changes in the lectures. They agree

that the lectures are well done. In contrast to the doctor’s role Hewlett
believes the minister's part or the psychologist's part is to motivate

the audience; therefore the lectures can remain basically the same as

they were developed by Folkenberg. He states:

What I find is this: in the lectures that we give, as far
as the minister is concerned, he is really motivational. This
is really what he is doing, he is motivating and he is in-
structing to a point. It is in checking over the control book
materials that we get into the nitty-gritty of what are you
going to do tomorrow. But our talks are intended to be
motivational and inspirational. Statistics come from the
doctor. The factual side comes through from the doctor. we
deal with the mental aspect and you have to hoist their own
power, their own sense of their ability to do it.

 

1Graves Interview.

21bid.

 

‘3Gordon Hewlett, Private interview held in Hisndale, Illinois,
May 19, 1970. (Hereinafter referred to as Hewlett Interview).

“Ibis.

46

On the other hand, Dr. Charles Dale does not follow the lectures
developed by McFarland. He has developed his lectures and approaches to
the subject of mmoking by choosing his own quotations, statistics,
narratives, and illustrations. The first lecture deals mainly with the
relationship of smoking to cancer. In his second lecture, Dale appeals
to the basic motives of the audience. On Monday night, which in the
Hinsdale clinic is family night, the adults are urged to bring their
children. The film "Count Down" is shown in which an operating-room
scene depicts the removal of a cancerous lung. In appealing to his
audience, Dale requests the children to stand. When they have stood,
the parents are asked to take a good look at these children--the
biggest reason for stopping smoking. Dr. Dale states:

Then I tell them briefly that at least 12 million of the

children in the U.S. will die from diseases related to smoking
if the pattern follows as it is at the present time and that

the greatest reason for stopping smoking is the influence on
their own children and then other children.1

Following this appeal, Dale shows2

his slides on emphysema, relating
the cause and effects.

Dale, in his third and fourth lectures deals with the subject
of arteriosclerosis. His statistics reveal that 54 per cent of the
people who die in the United States this year will die from this

disease. He continues with the use of quotations and statistics to prove

that 200,000 deaths will occur this year from arteriosclerosis.

 

1Dale Interview.

21bid.

47

Dale points out that among the causes for this disease, smoking is
the major factor, being largely responsible for 50,000 deaths from lung
cancer.

The fifth lecture concentrates on how to control weight without
smoking.1 Many people are very much concerned with the weight problem
because of appearance and for health reasons, and the smoking of cigarettes
is their control factor. Although Dale is concerned with this problem,
he states: "It takes 100 pounds of overweight to equal the effect on
the body of one-and-a-half-packs of cigarettes per day.2

Much of the material used by Dale in developing his messages
is found in publications by the Cancer Society, the American Heart
Association, the American Tuberculosis.Association, Insurance Cbmpanies,
and Medical Journals.3

2. Choosing an Auditorium for the Five-Day Plan.

The Hinsdale team has moved its local clinics from the hospital
auditorium to the David Paulson Seventh-day Adventist School Auditorium
because of the increase in attendance.

While normally the use of church-related auditoriums is not
recommended, the reputation of the Hinsdale Sanitarium, the personnel
of the team, and the popularity of the "Plan" in that area are such

that the religious connotation of the meeting place does not seem to

affect attendance.“

 

1Dale Interview.
21bid.

31bid.

 

“Graves Interview.

48

Dale, Graves, and Hewlett recommend a public auditorium that
is easily located, has ample parking facilities, is near public
transportation facilities and,,above all, is a place where people
can go at night without fear. Hospitals, school auditoriums, and
YMCA or YWCA buildings are acceptable meeting places. "A nice, plush,
auditorium with comfortable seats is the ideal place to conduct the
'Plan"."1

3. Advertising the Hinsdale Five-Day Plan.

The Hinsdale team depends entirely on free advertising. The
most effective advertising through the news media is newspapers,
then television and radio. Graves states: "We try to get something
in connection with the smoking problem that will make news.”2

In the early years before the "Plan" was well established,
many methods of advertising were tried. Brochures were mailed,
newspaper ads were published, spot announcements were made on
TV and radio, but the most effective method proved to be word-of-
mouth.3 The approval and support of the "Plan" by other organizations
has helped tremendously to establish the clinic. The team follows the
practice of Pblkenberg and Mthrland in cooperating with other
organizations such as cancer societies, heart associations, and the

local medical association.“

1Graves Interview.

21bid.

 

3Dale Interview.

“Ibid.

B9

Dale states: "The first thing that should be done by a physician
who is conducting a non-smoking clinic in a new place is to get the
approval of the local medical association. . . . The Plan should
have the approval and recognition of the Chncer Society and Heart
Association."1

Since the "Plan" is well established in the Chicago area,
free advertising comes much more easily than usual. The news media is
responsive to new techniques developed by the team. Smoking Sam and
Smoking Sue, two mannequins that smoke and converse with the lecturer
through installed tape recorders, receive a response from the news

reporters.2

thily night, Smokers Dial, Bx-smokers Club, unique
bill-goards, nationally known guest speakers, and annual ex-smokers
banquets attract the attention of alert news men. Publicity of the
Hinsdale "Plan" continues to snow-ball, resulting in more time on
T.V. and radio, more coverage in the newspapers, and promotion by
other organizations.3

According to Willis Graves, the news media have placed the
Five-Day Plan "on the map" in the Chicago Area.

More and more people are learning about it and they're

calling us constantly: when's the next one going to be?

We start registering for the next one right after one is
held.

1Dale Interview.
2Hewlett Interview.
3Graves Interview.

“Ibid.

50

Although through the mass news media the "Plan" is well advertised,
the Hinsdale team has developed cards, stickers, bulletins, brochures,
letters, and invitations which give a personal touch to the appeal for
attendance.1 (See Appendix C). The following informative fact

sheet makes advertising easier for both the mass news media and the

participants who attend the "Plan."

FACT SHEET FOR THE FIVE DAY PIAN TO STOP SMOKING

WHAT?IS THE'"5 DAY PLAN"?

A series of five consecutive one-and-a-half--to-two-hour

sessions, using principles in overcoming the addictive craving for
tobacco. A meeting during the following week is usually included.
Some areas have developed a monthly session to give added support
to those needing it. The plans are held as local needs and
availability of personnel indicate.

WHO CONUJC'IS THE "PLAN"?

The "5 Day Plan" is usually conducted by a Seventh-day Adventist
physician and clergyman as a team. It is a community service.
Where civic or other church groups wish to assist, the "Plan"

is conducted 'In cooperation with' or, 'Co-sponsored by' these
groups.

A small registration fee is usually requested to help defray

a portion of the cost of operation. Members of the team are
volunteers.

WHERE IS THE "PLAN" HELD?

Wherever there is a Seventh-day Adventist medical institution,
or a Seventh-day Adventist Church of sufficient size, there is
likely to be a "5 Day Plan" -- anywhere in the world: The
medical institutions usually conduct a continuing, larger-scale
program, while churches may conduct a "Plan" occasionally.

393 IS THE "PLAN" consumer)?

The basic elements of the "Plan" include lectures, films,
group therapy, a "control booklet", and considerable literature.

 

1Graves Interviews

51

Since the Hinsdale "Plan" has added some features, a more
detailed statement is included under the separate heading,
"Chicago & Hinsdale ’Plan'".

WHY IS THE “PLAN" CONDUCTED?

It's more fun to be healthy than smoker-sick: So, to help
those who "choose not to smoke" to gain their freedom from
toabcco addiction, enabling them to live longer and more
useful lives, Adventists offer this program as a community
service.

BEGINNINGS

In 1959 a Seventh-day Adventist doctor and minister sensed

the desire of many people to stop smoking, and decided to

do something about it. Teaming their efforts, Dr. Whyne
McFarland prepared a series of presentations on the harmful
effects of smoking, while Pastor Elman Folkenberg designed

his talks to deal with the psychological and emotional aspects
of the tobacco habit. The pilot progran conducted in
Massachusetts was successful. Participants were most grateful,
The idea was developed and enriched.

THE PRESENT

Conducted in over 26 countries, the "5 Day Plan" has gained
international recognition.. Wherever the need exists and
personnel are available, there is likely to be a "5 Day
Plan". Fresh concepts and techniques are constantly added
to enrich the program.

CHICAGO AND THE HINSDALE "PLAN"
GETTING STARTED
Nearly a year before the U.S. Surgeon General's Report on
Smoking and Health was issued, Dr. Charles L. Dale, pathologist,
and Willis G. Graves, chaplain, both of the Hinsdale Sanitarium
and Hospital staff, conducted the first Chicagoland "5 Day Plan"
March, 1963. ’

GROWTH

 

Early clinics were attended by as few as a dozen persons. During
1967 and 1968 the interest increased, with sessions averaging 500
and more registrants. Present plans indicate that the interest
is still increasing.

52

Three sessions a year are scheduled at Hinsdale -- February,
May, and October. The "Team" has, however, extended its work
to several of the Chicago suburbs, and the "Loop". In addition,
members of the "Team" carry on an educational program that
ranges far and wide throughout the (micago area, where they
lecture to school groups, service clubs, community and church
groups.

THE TEAM

 

The Team is professional, and now comprises Dr. Charles L.
Dale, pathologist; Charles L. Anderson, psychiatrist; Ben
Lau, PhD., microbiologist and laboratory consultant; Willis
G. Graves, chaplain and co-ordinator of the Hinsdale "Plan";
and Gordon T.‘Hew1ett, chaplain.

CONDUCTHAND DEVELOPMENT

The "Plan" consists of ~—

*Films. One each evening -- hard hitting, colorfhl,
factual.
*Doctors' Talks. ; Specialists' lectures present primary

smoking and physiological problems.

*Specimens. Actual diseased human organs demonstrate
the health hazards due to smoking.

*Chaplains' Talks. Dynamics of developing your willpower and
understanding the psychological side of
smoking are explored.

*Group Therapy. You’re not alone. Feel the interaction.
It’s contagious.

*Buddy System. Someone to encourage and someone to en-
courage you.

*Weight Cbntrol. Silent, single-concept, color films outline
basic principles.

*Control Book. Your personal copy with daily inserts of
effective guidelines.

*Leaflets, pamphlets, booklets, brochures. An array of free
literature presents the latest factual
information on smoking and health.

53

IT WORKS.

The "5 Day Plan" is designed to give help to those who want help.
Best of all, it works: In any given clinic, about 85% of the
smokers who stay with the program during the five days are likely
to claim success in breaking the habit. As a result, thousands
have rediscovered the pleasure of zestful living, free from the
hazards of smoking.

SMOKER'S DIAL

Smoker’s Dial - 325 - 3535 - is a telephone answering service
with recorded 2-minute "tips to stop smoking" changed each
day. Calls from out of state are not uncommon. Individuals
have stopped smoking through the use of this public service.

REGISTRATION

Beginning as a free, community service, the popularity of the
"Plan" has increased to the point where it is necessary to ask
participants to help defray the costs of materials used. A
$3.00 advance registration fee is now requested. Doctors,
nurses, chaplains, and others who conduct the "Plans" volunteer
their services. Persons wishing to obtain information regarding
registration should call 323 - 2100.

LITERATURE

FREE - Persons unable to attend the "Plan" may request a free
packet of literature. A selection of helpful leaflets, in-
cluding the article - "How Tb Stop Smoking" by Dr. J. Wayne
McFarland, has enabled some individuals to overcome the
smoking habit.

$1.00 PACKElf- Persons desiring more information may receive
the recentlook, "WHY BOT SMOKE?" by Dr. J. DeWitt Fox, plus

a selection of leaflets, all for $1.00. Correspondence is to
be addressed to "S-Day Plan", Hinsdale Sanitarium and Hospital,
120 Nerth Oak St., Hinsdale, Illinois 60521.

a. Preparing the Atmosphere for Conducting the Five-Day Plan.
The auditorium chosen for the "Plan" by some sponsoring or-

ganizations are not always as desirable as one might wish. It is

difficult in some meeting places to create an atmosphere that is

 

1Fact Sheet Fbr the Five Day Plan to Stop Smoking.

pleasant and soothing to the jittery, anxious would-be non-smoker.
The team at Hinsdale endeavors to follow the practice advocated
by Fblkenberg--that of using music and lights to a good advantage
in preparing the audience for effective communication. In both
the original team and the Hinsdale team this responsibility rests
‘with the minister or psychologist.1

5. The Use of Registration - Statistical and Evaluation
Sheets in the Hinsdale Five-Day Plan.

A registration-statistical sheet used by the Hinsdale team
is that which was developed by the Polkenberg-McFerland Team. The
information provided on the sheets enables the team to become
somewhat acquainted with their audience and to evaluate the team
advertising methods and the effectiveness of the clinic.2

The practice of charging a $3.00 registration fee to cover the
expenses for materials used in the "Plan" is unique in the Hinsdale
Clinics. Apparently this practice has not adversely affected the
participation in their clinics.3

6. Delivery of the lectures by the Hinsdale Five-Day Plan

The twenty-minute message is to be delivered in a conversational
manner with a warm feeling of friendship and deep desire to help the

smokers with their problem. ‘According to Hewlett, a speaker should

 

1Graves Interview.
2Hinsdale Five-Day Plan Material.

3Hinsdale Fact Sheet.

SS

orient his remarks to the level of his audience and have such a
grasp of his subject that he uses only the briefest of notes.1
He states:

I think one of the most effective things that you can do is
to introduce the subject matter of what you are going to try to
do, and then get into the material as well and as quickly as
you can-~nbt being bombastic at all--but showing concern and
interest, with the idea that this is what we know; we have
experienced it; it works.2

Hewlett, with Folkenberg, concludes that a sincere interest in the
individual is of primary importance.3

Chaplain Graves is much more informal in his lecture than

in a preaching situation. He attempts to get the audience involved
during the lecture by asking questions. He believes that the in-
terest shown, the time devoted, and the sincerity of the message help to

establish rapport with the audience.“

In his lecture Graves has note
cards available although he has the material well in hand. He states
that he uses notes as a guide to keep on the subject.5

Charles Dale’s delivery is conversational. He speaks with
very few notes. The slides that he uses in his lectures are used
as an outline. .Approximately half of his twenty minute lecture is

6

given with slides. Graves observed that Dr. Dale speaks with

 

lflewlett Interview.
21bid.

31bid.

 

“Graves Interview.
51bid.

6Dale Interview.

56

conviction and earnestness.1 This manner gives confidence to his
listeners. Dale states: "I feel that when the Doctor gets up to
speak, he has to speak with authority, and the more you can be
recognized as speaking with authority the better it is."

Humor, a device for getting and holding attention, is used
effectively by McFarland in his Five-Day Plan presentations. In contrast,
Dale shys away from this device. He states as his reason: "I present the
materials straight forward. I show where 300,000 die each year from
smoking related diseases. I can't be humorous about that."2

7. The Use of Visual Aids and Literature in the Hinsdale
Five-Day'Plan.

The members of the team at Hinsdale use charts, posters, chalk
board, films, and slides to enhance their communication in presenting
their lectures. Dr. Dale, the chief pathologist at the hospital, has
access to cancerous specimens, which he uses to impress upon his
audience the results of smoking. He has developed slides on cancer
of the throat and stomach and on emphysema and arteriosclerosis. Each
evening he uses eight to ten slides in his lecture.3

Smoking Sam and Smoking Sue are an added attraction in the
Hinsdale clinic. These mannequins are equipped with a smoking
device and have tape recorders installed so that they can enter

into the conversation on the tobacco topic. These devices, plus

 

1Graves Interview.
2Dale Interview.

3Five-Day Plan Congress Materials Fbr the Five Day Plan as used
by the Hinsdale Team.

57

the popular films "Countdown" and "Time Pulls the Trigger" help to

attract and hold the attention of the audience.

1

The Hinsdale team uses an abundance of printed materials in

its "Plan".

free of charge.

This literature is made available to the participant

A special kit containing approximately 30 small

publications on the subjects of weight control, heart disease,

cancer, etc. is available upon request.2 The following outline

lists the literature that is to be distributed each evening at

the clinic.

SUNDAY:

MONDAY:

TUESDAY:

WEDNESDAY:

FIVE DAY PLAN
LITERATURE TO BE GIVEN OUT BAG-l NIGHT

General.Announcement Sheet

Fact Sheet

"Time for Decision"

Lung Postcard

"Why Quit Smoking"

"It's More Fun to be Healthy Than
Smoker-Sick"

"I Choose Not to Smoke" Sticker

"Do You Really Want to Quit Smoking?"
"Questions Quitters Ask"

"Brochure" CUrrent 4 Day Plans
"Should a Boy Smoke?" (boys only)
”Should a Girl Smoke?" (girls only)

"1 Oz. of Prevention"
"Our Fastest Growing Health Menace"
"Radiant Health" Enrollment Chrd

"What Everyone Should Know About Smoking
& Heart Disease"
"1 Couldn't Quit, But I Did"
"What the Cigarette Comercials Don't Show"

 

lHewlett ’ Interview.

2Hinsdale Literature Kit.

(Hinsdale San.)
(Hinsdale San.)
Ova. Cancer Soc.)
(Hinsdale San.) -
(Paul Harvey)

(Hinsdale San.)
(Hinsdale San.)

(Reader's Digest)
(Smoke Signals)
(Hinsdale San.)
(Narcotics Ed.)
(Narcotics Ed.)

(Hinsdale San.)
(Reader's Digest)

(Heart Assoc.)
(Smoke Signals)
(Reader’s Digest)

58

THURS DAY: Evaluation Sheet '
"Story of an Ex-Smoker" (Reader’s Digest)

"Weight Control Booklets" (Metropolitan
Life Insurance)

"Now That You Are An Ex-Smoker" (Hinsdale San.)

"Peeling Better" (Hinsdale Sen.)

8. The Use of the Personal Cbntrol Booklet by the Hinsdale

The personal control booklet giving hour-by-hour instruction
in diet, exercise, breathing, bathing, and rest developed by
Folkenberg and McFarland is used by the Hinsdale Team; and each
evening an insert for the following 2“ hours is presented and
reviewed briefly with the participants.2

9. Group Dynamics in the Hinsdale Five-Day Plan.

This period of discussion and questions is of vital importance
in the success of the plan. It helps to establish the human interest
aspect, and the response from the participants is encouraging to
other would-be-non-smokers. This is one of the most important
parts of the "Plan" if carefully chaired. The principles of group
dynamics are followed by the Hinsdale team.3

10. The Buddy System at Hinsdale.

The Buddy System is advocated in the Hinsdale clinic to bring
encouragement and support from a fellow would-be-ex-smoker. However,
according to Dr. Dale, this system is not used to the advantage that

it should be by the participants.“

 

1Hinsdale Five-Day Plan Materials.

21bid.

 

3Graves Interview.

“Dale Interview.

59

The group is divided into pairs, who are advised to exchange
telephone numbers and to call each other twice a day to lend moral
support. One difficulty in the plan is that of organizing a group of
500 - 600 people effectively in the very brief amount of time
alloted for this phase of the program.

11. Decision Night at Hinsdale.

At the close of the meeting on the fifth night, as advocated
by the original team, the Hinsdale team calls for a decision from
the audience. They are requested to sign the decision card,
indicating for the sake of family, community, and self that they
choose not to smoke again. The participants are.advised to carry
this card in their wallets.1

12. The Follow-up Program in Hinsdale.

One of the main weaknesses in the Five-Day Plan has been the
lack of an effective follow-up to continue to give help to the ex-
smoker after the first week.2 Hinsdale conducts a follow-up
meeting the following Tbesday after the "Plan" concludes. According
to Graves, approximately 60 per cent of the participants return for
this meeting. Monthly meetings were scheduled for about one year,
but they resulted in poor attendance over a period of time.3 At

present the team conducts one follow-up meeting and an annual

alumni banquet for the Five-Day Plan Graduates.

 

1Graves Interview.
21bid.

31bid.

60

The participants in the "Plan" at Hinsdale are informed that
questionnaires will be sent to them on the third, sixth, and ninth
month following the plan. This practice has been followed since the
beginning of their clinics. The evidence shows that at the close of the
clinics, from 70 to 95 per cent of the individuals who attend each evening
stop smoking; at three months the percentage dropped to 63.6 per cent;
at six months, 47.8 per cent; and at twelve months, 37.9 per cent.1
According to Graves a more effective follow-up program would help curtail

this increase in dropouts.2

Unique Aspects of the Hinsdale Plan

The experience gained from conducting approximately fifty
clinics at Hinsdale has introduced some unique additions to their
plan such as:

1. Family Night.

The second night of the series is designated as family night.
Parents are encouraged to bring their entire family to this session.
The results hoped for are two fold-~the children, being better in-
formed, can encourage their parents in giving up the habit; also, they
can receive instructions on the effects of the use of tobacco at an
early age.

2. Smoker's Dial.

The smokers can telephone 325-3535 twenty-four hours a day

and receive instruction in giving up the tobacco habit. Through

 

1Hinsdale Survey - October 1965 "Smoking Withdrawal Achieved
by Natural Means", C. L. Dale, W. C. Graves, H. B. Beck, H. S. Lew.

2Graves Interview.

61

this series of recorded messages, many become acquainted with, and are
informed of, future Five-Day Plans to be conducted.1

3. Nationally Known Guest via Telephone.

Special features of the Hinsdale Plan include amplified
long-distance telephone conversations on the effects of smoking
between Dr. Charles Dale and Dr. Paul Dudley White, heart specialist
of Boston.2 Dr. Alton Ochsner, the famed New Orleans thoracic
surgeon has also been present via loud speaker.3 The credibility
of the Plan has been enhanced by such contacts.

4. I.Q. Pins.

The Interagency Council on Smoking and Health devised an
I.Q. ("I Quit") pin as a conversation-stimulating and will-
strengthening device to arm the ex-smoker against cigarette-
passing friends. These pins are sold to the participants at
cost.“

5. Annual Alumni Banquet.

Each year the Hinsdale Sanitarium and Hospital sponsors a Five-
Day-Plan-Tb-Quit-Smoking Alumni Banquet. A guest speaker is scheduled
to reinforce their former decision "I Choose not to Smoke," and a

delicious meal is served at $2.50 per plate.5

 

1"Chicago Area Smoker's Dial Active," Lake union Herald,
Vol. LVII, No. 13 (March 30, 1965), p. S.

2"This Is Our Reward," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LXI, No. 1
(January 7, 1969), p. 3.

3"Five-Dey Plan Has Excellent Turn-Out," Lake Union Herald,
Vol. Lx, ND. 23 (June 11, 1968), p. 5.

 

“Ibid.

SGraves Interview.

62

6. Publicity.

The publicity given to the Hinsdale Plan is phenomenal.
It is the opinion of the director of this case study that such pub-
licity will serve to establish a continuous series of "Plans“ in
the same location. Because the reputation of the "Plan" and the team has
been established, the team how receives-dwith minimal effort--
free radio, TV, and newspaper coverage, also larger highway bill
boards, and more publicity by sponsoring organizations. Over a
period of years the team has developed brochures, posters, cards,
stickers and form letters to advertise the clinics.1

7 . Eat-Smokers Club.

Following the May, 1967, clinic, a group of graduates of the
"Plan" organized an Ex-Smokers Club.2 The general aims of the club
are the following:

First, to lend mutual support, members to members, in the
resolve to remain free of the cigarette habit--

*by maintaining an "island of resistance" against smoking.

*by providing opportunities for discussion of problems of
withdrawal and abstinence.

*by collection of information to deepen knowledge of the
smoking problem.

Secondly, to help in the work of future Five-Day Plans--

*by helping to make known the work of the Five-Day Plan’s
clinics to smokers in the nearby communities.

*by helping'with mailing programs and other forms of publicity.

*by "self-exhibits," as an encouragement to others struggling
to stop smoking.

Thirdly, to fight the cigarette habit on a wide and general
scale--

 

1Hinsdale Promotional Materials.
2Tell, December, 1967, p. S.

63

*by calls and letters to news media and to public figures
to cement attention on the smoking problem and to show
support for public action.

*by promoting the idea of a National No-Smoking Day during
National Health Week (third week in October) as a means of
focusing attention on the problem of cigarettes.1

The study of the practice at Hinsdale indicates that the

rhetorical principles advocated by the Fblkenberg-McParland team

presented in Chapter II are closely followed.

 

1"Ex-Smokers Don't Always Just Fade Away," Lake Union Herald,
Vol. Lx, NO. 8, (February 27, 1968), pp. 5,6.

 

CHAPTER IV
CASE STUDY: THE PRACTICE AT BATTIE CREEK

The first Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking held at Battle Creek,
Michigan, by the Folkenberg-McFarland team opened on June 23, 1963,
with four hundred and forty-two persons in attendance. The clinic,
sponsored by the Battle Creek Health Center, convened at the North-
western JUnior High School auditorium.1 Although this first "Plan" was
presented largely for the smokers of the Battle Creek area, its locale
gave pastors and physicians from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan the
opportunity they had been waiting for--that of attending the clinic and
seeing the team in action. Their interest in every phase of the program
necessitated daily meetings at the Battle Creek Health Center under
the tutelage of Folkenberg and McFarland. The principles learned in
the class room and practice sessions prepared these teams for con-
ducting clinics in their home localities.2

This clinic received daily coverage in the local paper by Al
Holczman, reporter for the Enquirer 222.§E!§f The Canadian Broadcasting
Company was present on the closing night to film the clinic for its

hour-long program "Document" over CBLPTV Tbronto.3

 

1"Nb Smoking Clinic TEIIs How It's Done," Lake Union Herald,
vol. Lv, ND. 27 (July 16, 1963), p. 1.

 

2Ibid., p. 3.

3Ibid.

65

Following the Folkenberg-McFarland "Plan“, Chaplain Thomas
Williams and Dr. J. D. Hentihsen, doctor of physical medicine at
the Battle (reek Health (hater, conducted three clinics at the
center with approximately 80 per cent of the participants giving
up the habit.1 'lhe attendance at these clinics was relatively
small compared to that ,9: the first Plannheld in the-wares.)

In June, 1968, when Harold Flynt accepted the invitation
to become chaplain of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, he also accepted
the office of coordinator of the Five-Day Plan Clinics.3 maplain
Flynt, has established a program at the Health mater that in-
cludes three Five-Day Plans each year, these regular clinics being
conducted in the evenings. They have been the ideal size (no-50),
both for the available facilities and for conducting the ”group
dynamics.“

In addition to the regular clinics which are conducted in the
evening, Flynt also runs a day "Plan“ at the Sanitarium, Monday through
Friday, almost every week. For this "Plan" he relies on films
featuring Folkenberg and McFarland in action in a Five-Day Plan
clinic. The device takes care oflarge or. small groups. "'Inwfact: it
°P¢rlte8aeven if there is only one individual at the Sanitarium interested

in giving up the smoking habit.5

 

1.1. n. Henriksse, Private interview held in Battle Creek,
Michigan, April 8, 1970. (Hereinafter referred to as Hendrikson Interview).

zlhomas K. Willi-s. Private interview held in Battle Creek,
Michigan, April 8, 1970. (Hereinafter referred to as Williams Interview).

3"Battle Creek San Welcomes Three New Staff Members ," Lake Union
mr‘ld’ W1. u, m. 2“. (M. 18. 1968). p. 10.

“Harold Flynt, Private interview held in Battle Creek, Michigan,
April 8, 1970. (Hereinafter referred to as Flynt Interview).

51bid.

66

On Sunday, May 2“, 1970 a ”Plan" was conducted at the Peoples’
Savings and Loan building in Urbandale, a suburb of Battle Creek,
with forty-one in attendance. Nancy Swartz, reporter for the
E_nquirer 313 my“ one of the thirty-four individuals who
attended each evening of the series. A report of the progress of
the clinic and her physical and psychological reactions to breaking

the habit was presented in her daily column.1

Twenty-four of those
who had attended regularly broke the habit by the fifth night, and
an additional four by the time of the follow-up meeting, which was
conducted the following Monday.2 According to chaplain Flynt, the
clinic was held in Urbandale as an experiment to try to discover

if there would be an increase in attendance if the meetings were not
conducted in the Battle Creek Health (hater (Sanitariun). The

response in attendance was approximately the same.3

nee-2.

'me Battle Creek team follows the method prescribed by
Folkenberg and McFarland: that of having a physician and minister
working together, or alternating for five consecutive evenings, in
the presentation of lectures on the physical and psychological

aspects or breaking the smoking habit.“

 

1Nancy Swartz, Enquirer and News, (Battle Creek, Michigan)
May 25, 1970 p. 8.

21bid.
3Flynt Interview.

“ioid.

67

1. Message.
Both the former chaplain, Thomas Williams, and the present
chaplain, Harold Flynt, state that they use the Folkenberg lectures

I

almost entirely. Flynt says:

The revisions that we have made are not changes per se, only
additions of up-to-date information taken from medical journals
and research that corroborate the fact that smoking is injurious
to health.2
In the early years of the development of the Five-Day Plan
in Battle Creek, Dr. J. D. Henriksen followed the McFarland lectures.
{After gaining experience in conducting the "Plan", however, he developed
his own materials and outline. He states that he keeps a file of articles
and clippings from medical journals and other sources, useful for this
purpose.3 According to the theory and practice of Dr. Henriksen, the
messages should be carefully adapted to the local audience. Pbr instance,
he includes more illustrations when making a presentation to a high
school audience.“
2. Cboperation With Other Organizations.
The Battle Cheek staff endeavors to join other organizations
in their "common cause" to help individuals overcome the tobacco
habit. At the present time the American Cancer Society and the local

T.B. Association are giving support to the team by name only.5

 

1Flynt and‘Williams Interviews.
2Flynt Interview.

3Henriksen Interview.

“1232'

5Flynt Interview.

68

3. Place.

The clinics for the most part are conducted in the Battle
Creek Sanitarium Parlor and Heritage Room,1 although a recent "Plan" was
2

conducted in a high school auditorium as an attendance experiment.

Chaplain Flynt concludes:

Until we see how it will do outside the Battle Creek Sanitarium
and unless the response is greater than it is here, I would prefer
to do it right at the "San." We have the facilities, we have the
influence, it’s easier for the doctors to come right here to the
"San" to conduct the program.3

4. Advertising.

The main media of advertising used by the Battle Creek "Plan"

is the local newspaper. Because of general good will, the programs are
publicized by the local daily paper. In addition, radio and television
have made their facilities available to advertise the clinics by
intervieWS.“ Flynt states: "I went to a radio station to make a spot
announcement of the Five-Day Plan expecting to be on just 253 minutes
but people started calling in by telephone and we spent thirty minutes
answering their questions."5

Flynt believes that if the percentage of decrease in the use of

tobacco is to accelerate (37.7 per cent or less of the population smoke),

advertising must be intensified.6 The Battle Creek team

 

1Henriksen Interview.
2Swartz, p. 8.

3Flynt Interview.
“Henriksen Interview.
~5F1ynt Interview.

5Ibid.

69

has been depending mainly on the newspapers to inform the public
of their "Plan" by purchasing space; but because of the high
cost involved, future "Plans" will rely mainly on free public

service announcements.1

The source of advertising materials,

news releases, display ads for the papers,and radio and television
Spot announcements are provided by the General Conference of
Seventh-day Adventists Public Relations Department (See Appendix C).
These materials are used to inform the public of the Battle creek
Five-Day Plan.2 The following fact sheets were developed by
Chaplains Williams and FTynt for the promotion of the Plan.

Williams' fact sheet was used to kick-off the first clinic in

the Battle creek area in 1963.

EACT'SHEET
WHAT:

FIVE-DAY PLAN TO STOP SMOKING. Initiation of state~wide
program to help people overcome the smoking habit.

WHEN:
Sunday, June 23 to Thursday, June 27, 7:US every night.
WHEREzr

Northwest Jr. High School Auditorium, 176 Limit St.,
Battle Creek, Michigan.

WHO:

The program is sponsored as a free community service by the
Battle Creek Health (bnter.

The Health canter is sponsoring this plan as a part of its
participation in the physical fitness program of the nation

llbid.

 

21bid.

70

at a time when clear minds and healthycitizens are needed.

It is part of the Health Center's contribution to the community
in view of the recent findings by the American Cancer Society,
The American Heart Association, and other national health agencies
that are urging an educational program to alert U.S. citizens

to the effects of smoking on the human body.

HEY:

Nationdwide interest is centering on the subject of cigarette
mmoking and its effects on health. The PLAN is designed to
help people who have an honest desire to quit the habit. The
Battle creek area program is the kick-off of a stateawide effort
in this direction.

WHAT IS IT?
The PLAN can be divided into three sections:

1. A series of five consecutive group therapy sessions, usually
for one hour each evening. (Not a religious program.)
These sessions include:

A. lectures or discussions by a physician-clergyman team
on the physiological as well as psychological aspects
of the smoking problem.

B. Films on smoking and its harmful effects on body and
mind.

C. Demonstrations of procedures helpful to overcome the
“Oking habits

D. Exchange of experiences by participants as they fight
the habit under the PIV‘ByODAY PLAN.

2. A personal control progru that reaches into every minute
of the individual’s waking life. A special booklet entitled
"Your Five-my Plan" tells him:

A. How to relax.

B. How to avoid familiar spots of activities that might
lead to a make.

C. When to exercise and how to breathe.

D. that to eat and drink and with whom.

3. Even what to think at crucial times.

3. A buddy system similar to that used by Alcoholics Anonymous
is a vital part of the progru and follow-up after the
course closes.

0111301028:

J. Wayne McFarland, M.D., South Lancaster, Mass" Specialist in
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, who says: ”Smoking is a

7].

complex neuro-muscular habit which can be far more easily
broken if certain physical luvs are understood.”

E. J. Folkenberg, specializing in the psychological aspects of
breaking the smoking habit, declares the Plan to be "a comprehensive,
sensible way of breaking the habit in five days.”

ORIGIN:

The plan was developed over the past two and a half years by the
medical and ministerial departments of the Seventh-day Adventist
denomination. The Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking began in New
England with one of the first courses held in Claremont, N.H.

by a Seventh-day Adventist minister, Blman J. Folkenberg, of
South Lancaster, lass" and an Adventist physician, Dr. J.

Hayne McFarland. Forty persons attended the course in a hotel
ballroom. Thirty of the “0 persons who attended stopped smoking.

Subsequently, it was tested in several other New England towns,

in factories, high schools, sanitariuns, and for the general
public in town halls, etc. The PLAN has been observed by a well-
known cancer specialist, Ir. Alton Ochsner, who gave full approval.

STATISTICS:

Statistics reveal that by the third day of group therapy more
than 50% of the participants lose their craving for tobacco. By
the fifth evening 70% or more have lost their craving. These
statistics have been gathered over a period of more than two
years. Usually it is more than 70% effective.

PLAIB:

Present plans call for demonstrations of the Five-Day PLAN in
London and other European capitals for the benefit and health
of government officials concerned with the problem of smoking.

oosr:

There is N) m for the course. The Battle Creek Health
Center is happy to make this program available as a community
service.

INPCRNATICN: Pbr further information call: Tbm Williams
Battle Creek
Phone 96a.71211

 

1nettle Creek Public Relations Material (Fact Sheet).

72

EACTHSHEBT‘FOR THE FIVE-DA! PLAN TO STOP SMOKING

UHAT’IS THE "S-DKY PLAN”?

A series of five consecutive one-and-a-half--to two-hour sessions,
using principles in overcoming the addictive craving for tobacco.
A.meeting during the following week is usually included. Some
areas have developed a.monthly session to give added support to
those needing it. The plans are held as local needs and avail-
ability of personnel indicate.

fl oonwcls his "run"?

The "S-Day Plan“ is usually conducted by a Seventh-day Adventist
physician and clergyman as amen." It is a community service.
Where civic or other church groups wish to assist, the "Plan"

is conducted ‘In cooperation*with' or, 'CO-sponsored by' these
groups.

.A mmall registration fee is usually requested to help defray
a portion of the cost of operation. Members of the team are
volunteers.

warm: IS ms W' mm

wherever there is a Seventh-day Adventist medical institution,
or a Seventh-day Adventist Church of sufficient size, there is
likely to be a ”S-Day Plan" -- anywhere in the world: The
medical institutions usually conduct a continuing, larger-

scale program, while churches may conduct a ”Plan” occasionally.

19g IS ms "pus" consumes?

The basic elements of the “Plan" includes lectures, films,
group dynamics, a ”control booklet,” considerable literature,
a "buddy system,” and weight control.

w 18 ms spun" comment)?

It's more fun to be healthy than smoker-sick: So, to help those
'who "choose not to smoke“ to gain their freedom from tobacco
addiction, enabling them to live longer and more useful lives,
Adventists offer this program as a community service.

BEGINNINGS

A In 1959 a Seventh-day Adventist doctor and minister sensed the
desire of many people to stop mmoking, and decided to do something
about it. Thaming their efforts, Dr. weyne Mcfhrland prepared
a series of presentations on the harmful effects of smoking,
while Pastor Blman Folkenberg designed his talks to deal‘with

73

the psychological and emotional aspects of the tobacco habit.
The pilot program conducted in Massachusetts was successful.
Participants were most grateful. The idea was developed and
enriched.

INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION

Conducted in over 26 countries, the “S-Day Plan” has gained
international recognition. ‘Wherever the need exists and
personnel are available, there is likely to be a "S-day Plan.”
Fresh concepts and techniques are constantly added to enrich
the program.

BATTLE CREEK S-DA! PLAN

THE FTRST’“PLAN"

Nearly a year before the U. S. Surgeon Ceneral's report on
smoking and health was issued, Dr..J. Uhyne.Nthrland and

Pastor Blman Folkenberg, originators.of the "Plan” came to
Battle Creek and conducted the first area "Sensy Plan” in

June of 1963.

THE DAY "PLAN”

Almost everwaeek, Monday through Friday, the “Plan" is
available at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, Room 531. Partici-
pants must register in advance. '

THE NIGHT'“PLAN“

At the present time three sessions a year are scheduled at
Battle Creek - February, May and October. In addition, members
of the "Team” carry on an educational program that ranges
throughout the area, where they lecture to school groups,
service clubs, community and church groups.

FEATURES OP'THB ”PLAN"

The "Plan" consists of ~-

fPiLms One each evening - hard hitting, color-
ful, factual.

*Doctor's Thlks Presenting the physiological aspect of
_ kicking the smoking habit.

*Chaplain's Thlks Exploring the dynamics of developing your
‘will-power and understanding the psy-
chological side of smoking.

74

*Question an Answer Time is given each night so that you
can ask questions of any’member of the
"Them.”

*Group Dynamics You are not alone. Feel the interaction.
It's contagious.

*Buddy System Someone to encourage, and someone to
encourage you.

*weight Control Silent, single-concept, color films
outline basic principles. Basic
elements presented the closing night.

*Control Book Your personal copy with daily inserts
of effective guidelines.

*Book The recent book, ”WHY DDT SMOKE?” by Dr.
J. Mitt Fox, plus leaflets, pamphlets,
booklets, brochures. An array of free
literature presents the latest factual
information on smoking and heslth.

mam

 

The Tham is professional, and now caprises Dr. Russell '1'. Smith,
general practitioner and Sanitariun staff physician; Dr. J. D.
Henriksen, specializing in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation;
Harold L. Flynt, chaplain and coordinator of the Battle Creek
"Plan"; and Stanley w. Hyde, chaplain.

a wuuv' ‘ mar mass

The Five-my Plan is designed to give help to those who want
help. Best of all, it works: In any given clinic, about 85%

of the smokers who stay with the program during the five days are
likely to claim success in breaking the habit. As a result,
thousands have re-discovered the pleasure of restful living,

free from the hazards of smoking.

RBGIS RAMON

Beginning as a free, community service, the popularity of the
"Plan” has increased to the point that it is necessary to ask
participants to help defray the costs of materials used. .A

$5.00 advance registration fee is now requested. Doctors, nurses,
chaplains, and others who conduct the ”Plan" volunteer their
services. Persons wishing to obtain information regarding
registration should call 96h-7121, Extension 595.

75

LITERATURE

FREE - Persons unable to attend the "Plan" may request a free
33825: of literature. A selection of helpful leaflets, and the
article "How To Stop Smoking" by Dr. J. wayne McFarland, has
enabled some individuals to overcome the smoking habit.

$1.00 PACKET - Persons desiring more information may receive the
recent book "WHY NOT SMOKE?" by Dr. J. DeWitt Fbx, plus a
selection of leaflets, all for $1.00. Correspondence is to be
addressed to:

 

"FIVE—DAY PLAN"

Battle Creek Sanitarium

197 North Washington Avenue
Battle Creek, Michigan #9016

l

5. Creating the Atmosphere.

Neither the use of music nor of special lighting has been
considered necessary at Battle Greek to create an atmosphere different

from that existing in the Sanitarium's Parlor.2

The Parlor, an ideal
assembly room, is a plush, well-lighted room with wall-toewall carpet,
organ, two pianos, fire place, and very comforable chairs and sofas. The
“seating capacity is approximately one.hundred. The Heritage Room
'which contains some of J. H. Kellogg's (the founder) home furnishings,
is also used for stop-smoking clinics. This attractive, oriental-
carpeted room seats approximately #5 adults. A friendly atmosphere
prevails in both of these rooms.

Since the use of fruit juices is promoted in the Stop-Smoking

clinics, the team finds the serving of juice at the beginning and end

of the session conducive to friendliness and is one of the first

 

11bid.

2Will iams Interview.

76

steps in practicing the prescribed program to lessen the craving
for nicotine.1
6. Registration.
The registration-statistical sheet developed by Folkenberg
and McFarland is not used by the Battle creek team. Individuals
attending the clinic the first night are asked to give their names,
and record is taken each evening. At the close of the Plan a
brief evaluation questionnaire is given to each participant.2
7. Delivery.
The Battle Creek team is very much aware of the importance
of the delivery of the message. Because of their professions, all the
men on the team have some expertise in public speaking--the chaplains
especially so, because of their training, and the doctor through practical
experience. According to Dr. Henriksen the speaker must "be himself"
and in command of his materials. He must instill confidence in his
audience. His delivery must demonstrate that he is not a novice in
conducting the "Plan". The speaker should be forceful and speak to
the point in a convincing manner. He must attract and hold the
attention of the audience. Dr. Henriksen believes the story to be a
good attention-getting device, and he customarily uses one in the

introduction to a lecture.3

 

1Flynt Interview.

21bid.

 

3Henriksen Interview.

77

Both Chaplain Williams and Flynt suggest that the attitude
projected by the speaker is very important.1 The speaker is not
there to preach to the audience but to talk to them in an informal
manner. His confidence or lack of confidence in himself and in the
material that he is presenting will very definitely affect his
audience.2

8. Visual Aids.

The use of visual aids to illustrate and to get and maintain
attention is advocated by the Battle Creek team. Smoking Sam, the
mechanical smoker, is used to demonstrate the collection of tobacco
tars in the lungs. Films, posters, and chalk board drawings are
used to augment the lectures.3 Unlike McFarland, Henriksen does not
exhibit actual pathological specimens in his clinics." He depends on
operations and specimens in the films to give the desired effect.“
To make some of the health rules come alive, Dr. Henriksen has his
daughter demonstrate the various prescribed exercises.5

9. Informative Literature and the Control Booklet.

In the Battle Creek Clinic the daily control booklet is used

as advised by Fblkenberg and McFarland. The distribution of

literature and books to augment the lectures on smoking and on

 

1Williams Interview.
2F'lynt Interview.

31bid.

 

“Henriksen Interview.

51bid.

78

related topics is a regular practice with the team. Most of the
printed material is made available to the audience free of charge.1

10. Buddy System.

The Battle Creek Team advocates the Buddy System, a plan
designed by Folkenberg and McFarland to give support and encouragement
to the would-be non-smoker from a fellow participant in-the clinic.

Tb implement this system, the team urges each member of the audience
to choose a partner of the same sex, exchange telephone numbers, and
make contacts at least twice a day for the first five days. The
verbal exchange of reactions, problems, and progress is a valuable
therapy to people struggling to break a strongly ingrained personal
habit.2

11. Group Dynamics.

Group dynamics is one of the most valuable phases of the "Plan"
to get the channels of communication open, warm up the audience, and
establish rapport. Though the practice suggested by the original
team is that of having the minister and physician alternate in
directing group dynamics, the Battle Creek team prefers having the
chaplain chair all such sessions. This practice is based upon the
belief that this procedure gives greater continuity to the program and
provides a chairman experienced in directing discussion and familiar

with guidelines for effective discussion leadership.3

 

1Battle creek Promotional Material.
2Flynt Interview.

31bid.

79

12. Decision Night.

On the last evening of the clinic the Battle Creek team
follows the prescribed practice of urging the participants to
make a decision not to smoke again and to sign the decision card,
which is to be carried in their pocket book.1 However, it is the
opinion of one of the Chaplains that this practice is going contrary
to the instruction given the four preceding nights, when the group
is advised to say "I choose not to smoke" rather than Vl’ll never
smoke again"--a promise that he feels may not be kept and if broken,
would deepen discouragement.2

13. Follow-up Meetings.

Follow-up meetings are conducted in the Battle creek "Plan"
weekly for three or four weeks after the conclusion of the clinic.
Harold Flynt states:

We usually plan a follow-up meeting exactly seven days from

the closing day of the Five-Day Plan. Usually about half of
the participants in the clinic attend on that night. A week
later another follow-up meeting is held . . . about half of
those who attended the first follow-up meeting come.

The Battle Creek Team adheres closely to the rhetorical theory
practiced by Folkenberg and McFarland. .Although Dr..J. D. Henriksen

does not use McFarland's lectures, he follows a body of principles in

organizing and delivering his lectures. His practice of adapting

llhid.
2Williams Interview.

31bid.

 

“FTynt Interview.

80

his messages to his audience, the use of stories and visual aids
to get and hold attention, and his forceful delivery appear to
result in effective communication.

Chaplain Harold Flynt uses the Fblkenberg lectures and the
theory prescribed for conducting group dynamics. His persuasive
rhetoric combined with his deep bass voice and warm personality
enhances the communication of messages that enable 7S - 85 per cent

of the "Plan" participants to break the smoking habit.

CHAPTER V

CASE STUDIES: PRACTICES OF FIVE

CLINICAL IEANS IN MIGIIGAN

In this chapter, five minister-physician clinical teams in Michigan
are studied to determine the nature and policies of their programs, and
the degree to which they follow the practices prescribed by the Folkenberg-
McFarland team in conducting the Five-Day Plan.

The method chosen by the researcher to analyze and evaluate these
teams consists of a questionnaire and private interviews. A questionnaire
of forty-eight pertinent questions was formulated and arranged into the
following major divisions, which reflect the scope and extent of the sub-
ject: (a) Speaker and Relationship to the Five-Day Plan; (b) Potential
Audience; (c) Program Fermat and Message Content; (d) Resources; (e) Re-
sponses; (f) follow-up meetings; (g) Advertising. (See Appendix D). The
majority of the questions could be answered by multiple choice and a few
by a word or number. The questionnaire was mailed to each member of the
teams. A sixty-one question interview was developed for the questions
which required extensive description. (See Appendix E). The minister-
physician teams were contacted by the researcher, and appointments were
set up for interviews. In two cases the responses to the interview
questions were taped and mailed to the researcher. Most of the private
interviews took place in the physician's and minister's office or home.

All of the teams gave the researcher unstinted cooperation.

81

82

This chapter is arranged to follow point by point the questions
from the questionnaire with the answers arranged into appropriate tables.
The first section of each table applies to ministers, the second section
to physicians. The researcher deemed this division advisable since it
conveniently lines up for ministers and doctors exactly how each pro-
fessional operated within the team and how each professional group as
a whole related to the Five-Day Plan. Following the description of the
question, the rank, frequency, and percentages are given.

QUESTION 1: In determining the number of years the team has
served in their professions, Table 1 shows that the ministers have
served the church an average 20 years and 60 per cent of the physicians
have practiced 16.66 years.

QUESTION 2: All of the men questioned indicated that they had

 

participated in various other types of community service. Fbur of the
minister-psychologists had participated in holding evangelistic meetings
and given health lectures, three spoke to civic clubs, two had participated
in fund raising campaigns and one political campaign, and one respondent
specified taking part in other activities. Fbur of thephysicians had
lectured to civic clubs, three had given health lectures, and three
reported that they had part in fund-raising campaigns.

The third part of Thble 2 specifies in which types of community
service each respondent had engaged. Seven of the respondents (70 per
cent) makred civic clubs; six (60 per cent) checked health lectures.
Only one indicated that he participated in political campaigns.

QUESTION’3: Thble 3 shows that the time span for the beginning

0f the "Plan" ranged from 1963 to 1968. Two ministers (40 per cent)

TABLE 1

1 - NUMBER OF YEARS EMPLOYED AS MINISTER-PSYCHOLOGIST PHYSICIAN

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK NO. 03 YEARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Minister-psychologist

 

 

 

1 36 1 20%
2 21 l 20%
3 19 . 1 20%
a 1n 1 20%
5 12 l 20%
Total 5 100%
Range: 12-36 Median: 19 Mean: 20.4
Physician
1 18 1 20%
2 17 l 20%
3 15 1 20%
u 14 1 20%
5 10 l 20%
Tbtal S 100%
Range: 10-18 Median: 15 Mean: 14.8

 

 

 

 

83

TABLE 2

2 - TYPE OF COMMUNITY SERVICE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK ANS . N0. TYPE maousNCY PERCENTAGE
Minister-psychologist
1 1 Evangelism h 26.6%
2 2 Health Lectures 4 26.6%
3 3 Speak to Civic Clubs 3 20.0%
4 5 Fund Raising 2 13.3%
S 4 Political Campaign 1 6.75%
6 6 Other 1 6.75%
100.00%
Physicians
1 3 Speak to Civic Clubs 4 40.0%
2 2 Health lectures 3 30.0%
3 5 Fund Raising 3 30.0%
100.0%
1 l & 2 2 20.0%
2 2 & 3 1 10.0%
3 3 & S 1 10.0%
4 3 1 10.0%
S 2, 3 & 5 1 10.0%
6 l, 2, 3, S & 6 1 10.0%
7 1, 2 a 3 1 10.0%
8 3, 4 & 5 1 10.0%
9 2 & 5 1 10.0%
10 100.0%

 

84

began these clinics in 1963. Only one doctor and one minister
participated in conducting the "Plan" in 1964. At least one new

respondent participated in the Five—Day Program each year from 1963

 

 

to 1968.
TABLE 3
3 - WHEN FIVE-DAY PLAN BEGAN
RANK ADS. NO. TIME FREQUENCY PERCEN’DRGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 2 63 2 40%
2 6 67 1 20%
3 3 64 1 20%
4 7 68 1 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 4 6S 2 40%
2 3 64 1 20%
3 S 66 1 20%
4 7 68 1 20%

S 100%

 

 

QQESTTON 4: The first part of Table 4 shows that four (66.66
per cent) of the ministers initiated the "Plan" in their community. One
indicated that the congregation was responsible, and one marked that the
community was the motivating influence. The last part of the table shows
that only one physician initiated the "Plan" and that two (40 per cent)

Inarked "other" and two marked "colleagues."

86

TABLE 4

4 - PROJECT INITIATED BY

 

 

RANK ANS. NO. TYPE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

 

1 1 Self 4 66.66%
2 4 Congregation 1 16.67%
3 5 Community 1 16.67%
6 100.00%
Physicians
1 3 Colleagues 2 40%
2 6 Others 2 40%
3 1 Self l 20%
S 100%

 

 

QUESTION 5: As the principal objective, four (66.66 per cent)
of the ministers marked community service; one, public relations; and
one, health instruction. Three physicians (50 per cent) marked
community service as the main objective; two health instruction; and
one did not respond.

QUESTION : Table 6 shows that all of the ministers speak
from prepared notes and that on occasions two speak without notes. The
last part of the table indicates that four (80 percent) of the physicians
speak from prepared notes and one speaks without notes.

QUESTION’7: According to Table 7, three ministers (60 per cent)
alter the arrangement in different series. Tho of the respondents use

the same arrangement in all of the "Plan" lectures. The response from

TABLE 5

S - PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

 

 

RANK .ANS. NO. TYPE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

l 2 Community Service 4 66.66%
2 1 Public Relations 1 16.67%
3 3 Health Instruction 1 16.67%
6 100.00%

Physicians
1 2 Community Service 3 50.00%
2 3 Health Instruction 2 33.33%
3 0 Public Relations 1 16.67%
6 100.00%

TABLE 6
6 - MODES or DELIVERY '

RANK APB . NO. TYPE FREQUENCY PERCEN'IAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

1 2 Speaks from prepared
notes 5 71.5%
2 3 Speaks without notes 2 28.5%
7 100.0%
Physicians
1 2 Speaks from prepared
notes 4 80%
2 3 Speaks without notes 1 20%

 

 

S 100%

 

H

88

the physicians indicated in the last part of Table 7 is identical

to that of the ministers.

TABLE 7

7 - ALTERATION OF ARRANGEMENT IN DIFFERENT SERIES

RANK ANS. N0. ALTER ARRANGEMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

 

1 1 Yes 3 60%
2 2 No 2 40%
5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Yes 3 60%
2 2 No 2 40%
5 100%

 

 

QQESTION 8: In Table 8 four of the ministers (80 per cent)
indicate that they alter the lecture composition in various series of
clinics. One Speaker does not change his style. It is interesting
to note that the physicians' response regarding style is the same as
the ministers'.

QUESTION 9: Four ministers (80 per cent) marked that their
delivery is altered in various "Plans" conducted. TWO respondents,
one a minister and one a doctor, do not alter the mode of delivery.

The response from the physician was the same as the minister's.

89

TABLE 8

8 - ALTERATION OF STYLE

RANK ANS. NO. ALTER STYLE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 N0 1 207)
5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No 1 20%
S 100%

TABLE 9

9 - ALTER DELIVERY

W

RANK ANS . No. TYPE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No 1 20%
S 100%
Physicians
1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No l 20%

 

 

5 100%

 

 

90

Potential Audience

QUESTION 10: According to TEble 10, the areas in which the

 

"Plans" were conducted by the Five-Day Plan team was largely industrial
(50 per cent). Agriculture was in second place at<30 per cent). Both

trade and tourism were each marked by one respondent (10 per cent).

TABLE 10

10 - EmI‘DMIC BASE OF "PLAN" AREA

 

RANK APB. m. ms OF RoomMY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers and Physicians

 

 

1 1 Industry 5 50%
2 4 Agriculture 3 30%
3 2 Trade 1 10%
4 3 Tourism 1 10%

10 100%

 

 

QUESTION 11: Question eleven was designed to determine the

 

primary anticipated audience which the team endeavored to reach.
Table 11 shows that all the ministers (100 per cent) anticipated an
adult audience. Four of the physicians (80 per cent) were expecting
adults as the primary audience. One respondent (physician) indicated
that he anticipated both youth and adults.

QUESTION 12: According to the answers marked on this question,

 

none of the ministers designs his clinic messages for a certain type
of audience. The physicians' response was that 60 percent did design

their message for a specific audience and 40 per cent did not.

TABLE 11

11 - ANTICIPATED AUDIENCE

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK ADS. N). TYPE OF AUDIENCE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 Adult 100%
Physicians
1 Adult 80%
2 Youth 20%
100%

 

 

TABLE 12

12 - MESSAGES SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR CERTAIN TYPE OF PEOPLE

 

j
r

 

 

RANK NJ . CERTAIN TYPE FREQUE NCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists

1 Yes 100%
Physicians

1 Yes 60%

2 No 40%

 

100%

 

 

Program Fbrmat and Message Content

QUESTION 13: The intent of this question was to determine if

 

the teams invented other relevant titles for their clinics. All
(100 per cent) of the respondents used the Five-Day Plan to stop

smoking as the title for their program.

TABLE 13

13 - TITLE OF PROGRAM

 

 

RANK TITLE OF PROGRAM FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers and Physicians

1 Five-Day Plan to
Stop Smoking 10 100%

 

 

QUESTION 14: Because of the many aspects of the "Plan", time
is very limited for each; but it is interesting to note that the span
is from twenty to thirty-five minutes; Table 14 indicates that two
(40 per cent) of the ministers deliver twenty-minute messages. One
(20 per cent), twenty-five minutes; one, thirty minutes; and one,
thirty-five minutes. In the physicians’ message there is a time
span of ten minutes. Three of the physicians (60 per cent) speak for
twenty minutes. One, twenty-five minutes; and one speaks thirty
minutes.

QUESTION 15: Question fifteen was designed to discover if
visual aids were used by the team members in presenting their lectures.
All (100 per cent) of the teams (ministers and physicians) mentioned

that they use visual aids.

EABLE 14

1’4 - AVERAGE LENGTH OF MESSAGE

 

 

RANK. ANS. NO. MINUTES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 1 20 Mins. 2 40%
2 2 25 Mins. 1 20%
3 3 30 Mins. 1 20%
a u 35 Mins. 1 20%
5 100%
Physicians
1 1 20 Mins. 3 60%
2 2 25 Mins. l 20%
3 3 30 Mins. l 20%
S 100%
TABLE 15
15 - VISUAL AIIB USED
RANK ANS. m. VISUAL AIIB FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers and Physicians
1 1 Yes 10 100%

 

QUESTION 16: Table 16 shows that three (60 per cent) of the
ministers alternate the sequence of the films used in the clinic. One
minister marked "no", and one did not answer this question. Fbur (80

per cent) of the physicians state that they alternate the films, and

one marked "no."

94

TABLE 16

16 — ALTERATION OF SEQUENCE OF FILMS

 

 

RANK A16. NO. ALIERNATE FINE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

 

l 1 Yes 3 60%
2 2 N0 1 20%
3 0 1 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No 1 20%

s ‘ 100%

 

 

QUESTION 17: The use of literature on the subject of smoking is
urged by McFarland and Folkenberg. .All the ministers (100 per cent)
indicate that other literature than the control booklet is used. Fbur
(80 per cent) of the physicians use other literature also.

QUESTION 18: The answers to the question "What is the source
of your literature?", reveals that most of the teams rely on the cancer
society, heart association, and the American Temperance Society for
their supply.

QUESTION 19: Group dynamics is one of the important aspects
of the withdrawal clinics and is strongly urged by the original team.
According to Table 19, all of the ministers and physicians include

this part in their program.

TABLE 17

17 - USE OF omen LITERATURE

9S

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK APB. NO. USE OF LITERATURE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
l 1 Yes 5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No 1 20%
S 100%
TABLE 18
18 - SOURCE OF LITERATURE
RANK ANS. NO. SOURCE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 2 Cancer Society 5 31.25%
2 3 Heart Association 5 31.25%
3 1 American TEmp. Soc. A 25.00%
4 4 Other 2 12.50%
16 100.00%
Physicians
1 1 American Temp. Soc. 3 30%
2 2 Cancer Society 2 20%
3 3 Heart Association 2 20%
4 4 Other 2 20%
S 0 l 10%
10 100%

 

 

96

TABLE 19

19 - DISCUSSIONS AT MEETIM}

 

 

RANK ADS . I‘D . GROUP DYNAMICS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers and Physicians

1 1 Yes 10 100%

 

 

QUESTION 20: The ministers’ lectures are developed to motivate

 

the audience to do something about their problem. The physician
presents the health facts and health principles that will enable
participants to cope with their task more easily. It is interesting
to note that 80 per cent of the ministers receive requests for counsel
during the campaign and 80 per cent of the physicians indicate that

they do not have requests for counsel.

TABLE 20

20 - CALLS EUR COUNSEL DURING CAMPAIGI‘S

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK ANS. N). CALIS RECEIVED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
l 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No l 20%
S 100%
Physicians
1 2 No a 80%
2 1 Yes 1 20%
S 100%

 

 

97

TABLE 21

21 - OTHER SPEAKERS INVITED IO PARTICIPATE

M
W

RANK ADS. I‘D. SPEAKERS INVITED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers and Physicians

1 1 Yes 10 100%

 

QUESTION 22: One of the materials that is common to all speaking

 

is that of testimony of fact. The intent of question twenty-two is to
determine the socio-economic status of persons are invited. Competent
physicians, ministers, and laymen who have been successful in a previous
clinic in helping people to break the smoking habit are often invited

by the team. Table 22 shows that three (37.5 per cent) of the minister-
psychologists invite other ministers and physicians. TWO (25 per cent)
are laymen who give their testimony. All (100 per cent) of the physicians

choose either physician or ministers.

Identification of Team

 

QUESTION’23: A number of answers were marked in question twenty-
three showing that members of the teams do not limit their identity to
one title in their program. The ministers (4) identify themselves as
Seventh-day Adventist clergyman. Three of these men use their names,
also. The physicians give their name and position, and three include

the name of their denomination.

98

TABLE 22

22 - WHO ARE INVITED?

 

 

RANK am . I‘D . WHO FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers or Psychologists

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l 1 Another Physician or
Minister 3 37.5%
2 2 Layman 2 25.0%
3 4 Other 2 25.0%
h 3 Youth 1 12.5%
8 100.0%
Physicians
1 1 Other Physicians or
Minister 5 100%
TABLE 23
23 - IDENTIFICATION OF TEAM
RANK ANS. NO. IDENTIFICATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 3 As a Clergyman a 36.3%
2 4 As an S.D.A. 3 27.3%
3 1 By name 3 27.3%
h 2 As a physician or
pastor 1 9.1%
11 100.0%
Physicians
1 1 By name 4 36.3%
2 2 As physician or pastor 4 36.3%
3 Q ‘As an S.D.A. 3 27.4%

 

11 100.0%

 

QUESTION 24: Table 24 also shows that the teams have chosen

 

more than one answer in response to the question "What specific
appeal do you make?" "Tb stop smoking" and "for better health"
take priority in the ministers' answers (60.2 per cent). "Better
health" and "to stop smoking" topped the list in the answers given

by the physicians (66.7 per cent).

TABLE 24

24 - SPECIFIC APPEAL

 

 

RANK ANS. NO. APPEAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 1 Stop smoking 5 38.5%
2 2 Improve health 4 30.7%
3 3 Save money 2 15.4%
4 4 Provide good influence 2 15.4%

13 100.0%

Physicians

1 2 Improve health 5 41.7%
2 1 Stop smoking 3 25.0%
3 3 Save money 2 16.7%
4 4 Provide good influence 2 16.6%

12 100.0%

 

 

II
I

 

QUESTION 25: Question twenty-five was designed to discover if
gift awards were used by the team to encourage attendance. Nine of
the team men answered "no." One clergyman indicated that he used

gifts in the program.

100

TABLE 25

25 - SPECIAL GIFTS EUR ATTENDANCE

 

 

RANK ADS . N) . GI F18 AWARIB FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

 

l 2 No 4 80%
2 1 Yes 1 20%
5 100%
Physicians
1 2 No S 100%
Resources

QUESTION 26: According to the respondents' answer to the
question regarding financial support, 60 per cent of the clinics
are supported by church congregations. The team supports 20 per
cent by personal funds.

QUESTION 27: Three of the ministers who were involved in
the clinics reported that they had associate workers. One of these
three also had a secretary. Two ministers had a staff to help in
conducting the clinics. TWO of the physicians reported that a staff
was available; two had associates and one a secretary.

QUESTION 28: The frequency column in question twenty-eight
indicates that the team has access to several types of equipment for
use in the "Plan." All five ministers used recorders, and four of

the physicians used recorders. Four of the ministers made use of

TABLE 26

26 - WHO FINANCES THE "PLAN"

101

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK ANS. m. SOURCE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
l 2 Congregation 3 60%
2 1 Personal 1 20%
3 4 Other 1 20%
S 100%
Physicians
1 2 Congregation 3 60%
2 1 Personal 1 20%
3 0 1 20%
S 100%
TABLE 27
27 - ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL
RANK ANS. I‘D. PERSONNEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 2 Associate worker 3 50.00%
2 3 Staff 2 33.33%
3 1 Secretary 1 16.67%
6 100.00%
Physicians
1 2 Associate worker 2 40%
2 3 Staff 2 40%
3 1 Secretary 1 20%
S 100%

 

 

102

the mimeograph machine. Only one person in each group used, and

had access to, a press.

TABLE 28

28 - EQUIPMENT USED IN THE CLINICS

 

 

RANK ANS. No. EQUIPMENT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

l 4 Tape recorder 5 41.6%

2 2 Mimeograph 4 33.3%

3 1 Business machines 2 16.7%

4 3 Press 1 8.4%

12 100.0%

Physicians

1 4 Tape recorder 4 57.22%
2 1 Business machines 1 14.26%
3 2 Mimeograph l 14.26%
4 3 Press 1 14.26%
7 100.00%

 

 

QUESTION 29: The response to question twenty-nine revealed that

 

the majority of the "Plans" were sponsored by the congregation; there-

fore, it would be expected that the Seventh-day Adventist congregations

would be favorable to the "Plan." Sixty per cent of both ministers

and physicians indicated that the church members were very favorable.
QUESTION 30: .According to the respondents, the Adventist people

are active in their support of the program by attendance and by some

volunteer aid. Three ministers (75 per cent) suggest that they are

103

DKBLE 29

29 - AITJTUDE 0F'S.D.A.'S TO THE "PLAN"

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK ANS. No. animus FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 1 very favorable 3 60%
2 2 Favorable 2 40%
5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Very favorable 3 60%
2 2 Favorable 2 40%
S 100%

 

 

active. One (25 per cent) minister marked "little help." and one did
not respond. Four physicians (80 per cent) marked "active" and one

(20 per cent) "little help."

TABLE 30

30 - RESPOPSE OF S.D.A. ATIENDANCE AND AID

 

 

RANK .ANS. NO. RESPONSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

 

1 2 Active 3 75%
2 3 Little he 1p 1 25%
4 100%
Physicians
1 2 Active 4 80%
2 3 Little help 1 20%
' 5 100%

 

M
W

104

Responses
QUESTION 31: The response to questions in Table 31 reveals that

 

more than one answer to the question was chosen by both the ministers
and the physicians. Three ministers (37.3 per cent) chose Monday and
Thesday as the days for largest attendance. FOur physicians (57.2 per

cent) chose Monday and three (42.8 per cent) chose Sunday.

TABLE 3 1

31 - DAY OF 111E WEEK BEST ATTENDANCE

 

 

RANK Al‘s . NO . DAY FREQUENCY PER CENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 2 Monday 3 37.3%
2 3 Thesday 3 37.3%
3 4 wednesday 2 18.15%
4 1 Sunday 2 18.15%
5 5 Thursday 1 9.1%
8 100.0%
Physicians
1 2 Monday 4 57.2%
2 1 Sunday 3 42.8%
7 100.0%

 

 

QQESTION 32: The questionnaire was sent to teams who had
conducted clinics in areas where the populations range was 3,000 to
1,000,000. A range in the pOpulation of the community where the
clinic was held is indicated in the response revealed in attendance

in Thb1e 32.

105

Each category listed was chosen by the team. TWO men, a minister
and a physician, checked "other" and wrote in the approximate number in

attendance stating a much higher figure than that listed in the

 

 

questionnaire.
new 32
32 - AVERAGE m. ATTENDANCE
RANK ANS. N0. A ATrENUANCE FREQUENCY PERCENUACE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 2 20 1 20%
2 3 30 1 20%
3 S 50 1 20%
4 6 60 l 20%
5 9 Other 1 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 2 20 1 20%
2 5 50 1 20%
3 6 60 l 20%
4 9 Other 1 20%
5 0 l 20%

5 100%

 

QUESTION 33: In order to determine the male-female quota of
the audience, question thirty-three was formulated. Two ministers
(40 per cent) state that the majority of attendents are men. Two
state (40 per cent) that the number of men and women are approximately
the same. One minister did not respond. Four physicians (80 per cent)
indicate there were a larger number of women in attendance than men.

One doctor did not respond.

106

TABLE 33

33 - MALE-FEMALE RESPONSE

 

 

RANK ANS . NO. SE): FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

1 1 Men 2 40%
2 2 Same 2 40%
3 0 1 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 2 Women 4 80%
2 0 l 20%

5 100%

 

 

QUESTION 34: In Table 34 the respondents indicate that the course

 

is not completed by all who register. Four of the ministers (80 per cent)

attest that 80 per cent complete the course, and three (60 per cent) of the
physicians show that 80 per cent attend the series of evening meetings for

five nightso

QUESTION 35: It is advantageous for the team to become acquainted

 

with their audience by name when it is possible. The registration form
requests name and address. In Table 35 four ministers (80 per cent)
indicate that 95 per cent of the registrations give the name and
address. One reports that 80 per cent respond to this section of

the questionnaire. Two physicians (40 per cent) check 80 per cent,

and two mark 95 per cent. One physician indicates that 100 per cent of

audience responds to the request for name and address.

TABLE 34

34 - PERCENTAGE WHO COMPLETE SERIES

107

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK AIS. N). mMPlE'IE SERIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 5 80% 4 80%
2 6 90% 1 20%
5 100%
Physicians
1 5 80% 3 60%
2 4 70% 1 20%
3 6 90% 1 20%
5 100%
TABLE 35
35 - PERCENTAGE WHO GIVE NAME AND ADDRESS
RANK A18. m. NAME 8: ADDRESS GIVEN FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1 7 95% 4 80%
2 5 80% l 20%
5 100%
Physicians
1 5 80% 2 40%
2 7 95% 2 40%
3 8 100% 1 20%
5 100%

 

 

108

QUESTION 36: The discussion period is a very important phase of
the clinic, and the participants are encouraged to take part. It must
be understood that the larger the audience is, the lower the percentage
of individuals who could take part because of the time limit. Because
most of the clinics conducted by the Michigan teams were for audiences
that ranged from twenty to sixty, the participation in discussion would
probably be much higher than in larger audiences. The first part of Table
36 shows that each member of the minister team chose a different category:
50%, 60%, 70%, 90%, and "other." Twoof the physicians (40 per cent) marked

50%; one 70%; one 80%; and one 90%.

TABLE 36

36 - PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPANTS IN DISCUSSION

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK ADS. NO. TAKE PART IN DISCUSSION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

 

 

 

1 2 50% 1 20%
2 3 60% 1 20%
3 4 70% l 20%
4 6 90% l 20%
5 9 Other 1 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 2 50% 2 40%
2 4 70% 1 20%
3 5 80% l 20%
4 6 90% l 20%

5 100%

 

 

109

QUESTION 37: In question thirty-seven the teams had a choice

 

of four answers: (1) very favorable, (2) favorable, (3) unfavorable,
(4) antagonistic. All of the ministers (100 per cent) marked Uvery
favorable." Three of the physicians (60 per cent) attested "very

favorable," and two (40 per cent) "favorable."

TABLE 37

37 - ATTITUDE OF MOST PARTICIPANTS

 

 

 

 

RANK ANS . No. ATTITUDE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

l 1 Very favorable 5 100%
Physicians

1 1 very favorable 3 60%

2 2 Favorable 2 40%

5 100%

 

 

QUESTION 38: Question thirty-eight was designed to determine
the interest shown by the audience in the team members' faith on the
philosophy of healthful living. Four ministers indicated there were
inquiries regarding religion, and two of these marked that there was
also interest in their philosophy of healthful living. One additional
minister making a total of three (42.8 per cent) checked that there
was interest in his philosophy of health. Four of the physicians
(80 per cent) were questioned regarding their philosophy of healthful

living, and one indicated interest shown in his religion.

110

TABLE 38

38 - FURTHER INFORMATION REQUESTED

 

 

RANK APB. NO. INIDRMATION REQUESTED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

1 2 Religion 4 57.2%
2 1 Philosophy of healthful
living 3 42.8%
7 100.0%
Physicians
1 1 Philosophy of healthful
living 4 80%
2 2 Religion 1 20%
5 100%

 

 

 

 

QUESTION 39: Table 39 shows that two (40 per cent) ministers
encourage church attendance when asked. Two ministers do not en-
courage attendance, and one did not respond. Two of the physicians
(40 per cent) indicated that they encouraged church attendance when
they were asked; one marked "no," and two (40 per cent) did not
indicate.

QUESTION 40: The follow-up meetings are held by four (80
per cent) of the teams, according to Table 40. One minister and one
physician indicated that no follow-up meeting was conducted.

QUESTION 41: According to the findings in this study at this
point the follow-up meetings have been a weak link in the "Plan."

Table 41 reveals that the attendance is poor. Two (40 per cent)

TABLE 39

39 - CHURCH ATTENDANCE ENCOURAGED

111

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK AIS. N). ENCDURAGED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
l 1 Yes 2 40%
2 2 No 2 40%
- 1 20%
5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Yes 2 40%
2 2 No 1 20%
_ 2 40%
5 100%
TABLE 40
40 - FOLIDW-UP MEETING
RANK ADS. DD. FOLLOW-UP FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No l 20%
5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Yes 4 80%
2 2 No 1 20%
5 100%

 

112

ministers state that 20 per cent of the "Plan" participants attend
the follow-up meetings. One stated 30 per cent; one marked 50 per
cent; and one checked 60 per cent. TWO (40 per cent) physicians

checked that 50 per cent attend; one 20 per cent; one 40 per cent;

and another 60 per cent attend the meetings.

TABLE 41

41 - PERCENTAGE ATTEND FOLLOW-UP MEETII‘BS

 

 

RANK ANS. NO. ATTENDANCE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

l 2 20% 2 40%
2 3 30% 1 20%
3 S 50% l 20%
4 6 60% l 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 5 50% 2 40%
2 2 20% l 20%
3 4 40% l 20%
4 6 60% l 20%

5 100%

 

 

QUESTION 42: The number of follow-up meetings range from one
to four, according to Table 42. Three ministers (60 per cent) state
that one is conducted. Three physicians (60 per cent) indicate that
two follow-up meetings are conducted. The follow-up meetings are

Often conducted by one member of the team.

113

TABLE 42

42 - NUMBER OF'FOLLOW—UP MEETINGS

 

 

RANK ANS. N0. N0. OF'MEETTNGS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

l 1 One 3 60%
2 2 Tho l 20%
3 3 Three 1 20%

5 100%

Physicians

1 2 Two 3 60%
2 1 One 1 20%
3 4 Four 1 20%

5 100%

 

QUESTION 43: The frequency of the follow-up meeting is shown

 

in Table 43. The majority are conducted during the first and second
week.

QUESTION 44: In response to question forty-four, the members

 

of the team indicated the various types of advertising used to bring
the "Plan" to the attention of the public. The third part of Table 44
reveals the media which each team member employed.

QUESTION 45: All (100 per cent) of the ministers attest an

 

increase in attendance as the result of various advertising methods.
Fbur (80 per cent) of the physicians indicate an increase due to

advertising. One physician did not respond to the question.

TABLE 43

43 - FOLIDW-UP - HOW OFTEN?

114

 

 

 

 

 

RANK A18. N). HOW OFTEN FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 2 Tho weeks 3 50%
2 1 Each week 2 33.3%
3 3 Three weeks 1 16.7%
6 100.0%
Physicians
1 1 Each week 3 50%
2 4 Month 2 33.3%
3 2 TWO weeks 1 16.7%
6 100.0%

 

 

BABLE 44

44 - ADVERT'IS ING

115

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RANK AIS. N). TYPE FREQUENCY PERCEN'DKGE
Ministers-Psychologists
1 1 Newspaper 5 22.7%
2 4 Radio 5 22.7%
3 2 Handbills 4 18.25%
4 3 Poster 3 V13.6S%
5 5 Direct city mailing 2 9.1%
6 7 Talevision 2 9.1%
7 8 Other 1 4.5%
22 100.0%
Physicians
1 1 Newspaper 4 23.6%
2 4 Radio 4 23.6%
3 3 Poster 3 17.7%
4 2 Handbills 2 11.7%
5 7 Television 2 11.7%
6 6 Mass telephoning 1 5.85%
7 8 Other 1 5.85%
17 100.00%
Ministers and Physicians
1 1, 2, 3, 4 2 20%
2 1, 2, 3, a, 7 2 20%
3 1, 2, a, 7, s 1 10%
4 1, 4, S 1 10%
5 1, 2, 3, q, 5 1 10%
6 1, 3, u, 7 1 10%
7 1, 4, 6 l 10%
8 0 1 10%
10 100%

 

 

 

 

116

TABLE 45

45 - INCREASE OF AT'I'EMMNCE BECAIBE OF ADVERTISING

 

 

RANK ANS. NO. AD. INFLUENCED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 1 Yes 5 100%
Physicians

1 1 Yes 4 80%

2 0 No l 20%

S 100%

 

 

QUESTION 46: The intent of question forty-six was to determine

 

the most effective media of advertising. According to Table 46, the

newspaper is the most effective media used.

TABLE 46

46 - WHICH ADVERTISING OBTKINS BEST RESULTS

 

 

RANK ATS. N0. MOST’EFFECTTVE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

1 1 Newspaper 5 100%
Physicians
1 1 Newapaper 2 50%
2 7 Television 1 25%
3 8 Other 1 25%
' .__le.
5 100%

 

 

117

QUESTION 47: In order to determine the second best media of
advertising, question forty-seven was originated. Tho ministers
(40 per cent) indicate handbills. Two physicians (40 per cent)

checked television, and two (40 per cent) marked "other."

TABLE 47

47 - WHICH TYPE IS NEXT MOST EFFECTIVE

 

 

RANK Al‘s. N0. NEXT MET EFFECTIVE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

 

 

1 2 Handbills 2 40%
2 4 Radio 1 20%
3 7 Tblevision 1 20%
4 8 Other 1 20%

S 100%

Physicians

1 7 Television 2 40%
2 8 Other 2 40%
3 1 Newspaper l 20%

S 100%

 

 

QUESTION 48: The nature of the identity of the program in
advertising is stated in Table 48. Tho ministers (33.3 per cent)
advertise as "health message". Only one (16.7 per cent) identifies
the program as an Adventist sponsored program. Three physicians
(42.8 per cent) indicate that the clinic is identified as sponsored

by Adventists.

118

The frequency column in question forty-eight reveals that

members of the team chose more than one answer to the question.

TKBLE 48

48 - IDENTITY OF PROGRAM

 

 

RANK Abs . N0 . was FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

 

Ministers-Psychologists

 

1 1 Health message 2 33.3%
2 4 Other 2 33.3%
3 2 Adventist 1 16.7%
4 0 No answer 1 16.7%

6 100.0%

Physicians

1 2 Adventist 3 42.8%
2 1 Health message 2 28.6%
3 4 Other 1 14.3%
4 O No answer 1 14.3%

7 100.0%

 

 

119

Responses to Interviews

This section of Chapter V consists of the responses to a

sixty-one question interview which*was designed and executed for

the purpose of gathering information from ten S-Day Plan team

members in the state of Michigan on the nature, policies, and

practices of their non-smoking clinics.

As referred to on page 81, a list of pertinent questions

concerning the "Plan" was compiled and arranged into the following

headings:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.

L.

These interviews were conducted orally with the aid of a Sony 50
Easy-Matic Pocket Cassette—Cbrder.

were transcribed and edited for proper continuity, proper grammer, and I

The Plan: Its Nature, Purposes, and Relationship
Setting and Equipment
Audience

Program Format

Message Content

Delivery

Relations'hith Civic Leaders
Speakers

Responses to the S-Dey Plan
Follow-up Meetings
Advertising

Evaluation

elimination of extraneous material.

In all but two cases, the interview was conducted in the home or the

office of the interviewee.

on tape and mailed to the researcher.

Following the interview, the tapes

In the two exceptions the answers were recorded

120

In this section of Chapter v the responses are identified
"Minister" or "Physician" in order that the responses from each

professional group may be easily identified.

The Plan: Its Nature, Purposes, and Relationship
1. WHAT IS THE FIVE-DAY PLAN?
The intent of question one was to obtain a definition of the
Five-Day Plan from the respondent in order to determine his concept

of the Plan. The respondents' replies follow:

Ministers or Psychologists

It is a group therapy plan to strengthen the participants”
will power and to give them a daily method whereby they can
overcome the smoking problem.

I would say that this plan is an opportunity for people who have
difficulty in going to alone while attempting to divorce themselves
from the tobacco habit. The repeated trials that almost everybody
makes in separating from the tobacco habit have given them a lot of
frustration because the problem of starting and then stopping is
agonizing to them. Here is a plan that offers to them something
that everybody else in the group will be doing and they won’t stand
out like a sore thumb. It gives an opportunity for what is referred
to as group therapy, reinforcement of objective endeavors by other
people.

The Five-Day Plan to stop smoking in my opinion would be a
plan designed to help people to control the smoking problem in
five days. It is not going to take away all their desire to smoke
but it is going to help them develop the will power and other use-
ful tools that will motivate them to quit smoking and manage the
problem.

The Five-Day Plan. as I see it, is a community service project by
the Seventh-day Adventist church and whatever other agencies are
cooperating with it to aid people in the community who desire to
stOp smoking.

It is a community service of the Seventh-day Adventist church
to help folks to overcome their smoking habit.

121

 

Physicians

I would say a health program specifically to help individuals
who have the smoking habit and who have made the decigion that
they would like to give it up. It not only helps them give up
this habit, but puts something constructive in its place so that
it will be successful. It is a physical fitness program really--
not only educating the people on the deleterious effects of smoking,
beyond the shadow of a doubt in their mind in a very scientific
way, but also putting something constructive in its place, like
exercise, diet, and good healthful living features.

As an opportunity to get together with others who are trying
to stop smoking. An attempt to break the smoking habit.

A program of five nights of education by the use of films and
a lecture by a minister or psychologist who gives the psychological
aspects of giving up tobacco habit and a physician who gives the
physiological aspects of giving up the habit.

The five-day plan is simply a method by which people that want
to quit smoking can get help that will urge them to succeed. . . .
It is basically a group therapy program.

A program for discontinuance of smoking. It is a group therapy
type of program to help those who previously could not break the
habit of smoking.

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FIVE-DAY PLAN M2 mum mm
IVEN IN’EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS? '
This question was designed to determine the respondents' views
of the purpose of the Five-Day Plan.

The answers to this question vary from the intent to the

procedure.

Ministers or Psychologists

I do not personally see a great deal of relationship between
the Five-Day Plan and lectures given in evangelistic meetings
certainly because I see the purpose as entirely different. I
conceive of the Five-Day Plan as essentially a community service
on the part of the church. I think there is a secondary purpose
in that those participating in the plan are attempting to help
people to court better living habits,but I see the Five-Day Plan
as an opportunity to help people toward better mental health
practice and do not see it as evangelistic in the sense that I
think the health lectures given in conjunction with evangelistic
meetings are.

-122

In the Five-Day Plan we seem to be able to get closer to the
people. They have more opportunity to speak up and you have more
contact with people in the Five-Day Plan. I like the opportunity
much better than just lectures.

When you are having evangelistic meetings and you have health
lectures, people are there primarily for religious purposes and
the health is probably an added feature. And when we come to
the Five-Day Plan,you are not advertising it as a religious purpose.
In fact,we prefer’to hold them in a secular environment such as a
school auditorium or some public place, and so therefore the
approach is a little different.

I would say that the two are quite different mainly because in
an evangelistic setting you have many people who are there sold on
the idea that tobacco is no good but who are themselves not faced
with the same problem. Either they have given it up or are not
at that moment interested in a program that would take them off of
tobacco. I would see some difference in the lecture in that you
would conduct this more like you would teach a class, trying to
reach an empathy with the individual where some of the audience
techniques would not be employed so much as they would in
evangelistic campaigns.

The primary difference in my opinion is in the delivery. The
evangelistic meeting atmosphere is more formal than in the Five-
Day Plan. There is some difference in the content, but basically
the difference is in the approach.

Physician
Not really too different . . . they are along the same lines.

Yes, I feel that there is a difference because there is no real
emphasis on denominational topics . . . relatively free of
proselyting.

Probably no difference. I believe the same approach can be
used in both types of lectures, but the main difference would be.in
the religious aspects that you wouldn't bring up in the Five-Day
Plan that you would in evangelistic meetings and health lectures.

Yes, there is quite a difference. I suppose you could include
it in a health lecture program, but generally the health programs
are to supplement the evangelistic, but the Five-Day Plan is
considered a different aim to one topic.

123

3. WHEN DID YOU FIRST HEAR ABOUT THE FIVE-DAY PLAN BEING USED?
Most of the respondents learned about the Five-Day Plan in
the early sixties through the Seventh-day Adventist Church or church

papers.

Ministers or Psychologists

We attended a Five-Day Plan in Battle Creek. I think it was
in 1963.

In 1962 at the General Conference Session in San Francisco.

I read about it. It was through the work that George vandeman
had done with McFarland in the auditorium at the University of
Maryland, Cbllege Park, in 1963.

I first picked up the Five-Day Plan kit at the General Conference
in San Francisco.

I can’t answer. When I first heard about it? I frankly can't
remember. I have heard about Five-Day Plans, I guess,just about

since their inception although I had never participated in one
until three years ago.

Physicians
Well, I suppose it was through the church in 1962.

Well, I’d heard about it but I don't remember when. I first
became involved under Dr. .

 

Early sixties.

When Dr. McFarland started the program,of course we heard it,
through the channels of the church primarily, before we heard
about it in the news media.

4. HOW DID YOU FIRST REGGAE INTERESTED IN USIm THE FIVE-DAY PLAN?
The answers to this question range from the influence of pilot

programs to the urging of church leaders and recognition of the need

for such a program in the community.

124

Ministers or Psychologists

I first became interested in using the Five-Day Plan, I
believe, at the suggestion of my pastor, when he desired to
have the church be of community service in offering these about
three years ago.

We were sent to a pilot program in Battle Creek, Michigan.

I recognized the need for a clinic in my area. I observed
and read of the success of the clinic in other areas.

I worked with Folkenberg when he started the program.

Physicians

 

5.

Through the church organization and influence of the pastor.

In February, 1964 we had our first program-~right after the
public health report came out. The year before,when Elder
Folkenberg and Dr. McFarland came to Battle Creek, my brother
called me and asked me if I wouldn‘t come over for a service or
two as he was anxious to work with me on these programs, and I
did.

I don't even recall.
I think the first program they had at Hinsdale was the one

that brought my attention to it.

WHY DID YOU CHOOSE THE FIVE-my PLAN as A TOOL OF oomumn
SERVICEv‘

 

The intent of this question was to discover the motive for

conducting the "Plan."

Ministers or Psychologists

 

The Five-Day Plan was chosen as a tool for community service.
I think, principally, because it was answering a need that had
been expressed by many people in the community over a period of
years since the release of the Surgeon General's report.

Well, I looked upon it as a good public relations program giving
us opportunity to meet some of the leaders in the community, getting
acquainted with the newspapers and television, cancer society, the
mayor etc. I took the course in Battle Creek;and after going to
Escanaba,I felt this was a good approach as a new pastor to get
acquainted with the folks there.

125

I thought it would be a good public relations program for
one thing, and furthermore since our churches are tax free,
I feel we owe the community a service.

It was an opportunity to render a service that was not
available at that time through any other organization.

Physicians

I recognized that it was a very well-done program, well
formulated, and I felt in this way we could help the community,
and show them that Adventists were willing to help people with
some of their problems. . . .

The Pastor did.
Pastor . . . asked me to do it.

As long as I have been practising medicine I have been working
on people to stop smoking, and this is just another way in which it
can be done.

I learned about its effectiveness in other areas of the country
and became interested in using it in my locality.
WHAT DID YOU EXPECT THE FIVE-DAY PLAN TO ACCOMPLISH?

.Answers to this question indicate that the respondents had

predominantly'two goals in mind: to give help to individuals,and to

let the community know that the Adventist church is interested in them.

Ministers or Psychologists

I don't think I had particular goals in mind that the Five-Day
Plan would accomplish for me other than that I might be of service
to people in the community and probably,secondly,:hat the Five-Day
Plan would be a good way for the Seventh-day Adventist church to
become known in the community.

The reward is always greater for the one who unselfishly serves
others. By giving this service,the church receives publicity.
which in turn improves its out-reach.

Mainly public relations, getting the Seventh-day Adventist
message before people and doing something to help people.

126

1 expected it to be a real contact for help to individuals
who are really struggling with the program.

Principally to improve community relations and bring the
Adventist church before the community as a community service
organization as well as a religious-evangelistic body.

Physicians

Well, a means of preventive medicine. I think today is a
day of preventive medicine,and statistics show us that as
physicians we can only save one out of twenty that get lung
cancer. We can't undo coronary arteriosclerosis and heart
damage, but we can do preventive medicine and save a lot of
these lives by stopping their habit early.

Tb give victory to a large percentage of those who participate
in the plan.

I wasn't expecting to accomplish anything particularly; it was
just a public service.

Nothing.

7. WITH HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF WITHDRAWAL CLINICS ARE YOU
I

Most of the respondents have read or heard about other clinics,

but very few know their nature.

Ministers or Psychologists

I know probably of about three. There was a plan in Lansing
which was rather similar. At least they used much of our material,
I am told, but they charged $50.00 for it. The Lifeline Health center

in Grand Rapids uses a basic program of the Five-Day Plan.but they
vary it.

I know of some in California, but only by reading about them
and, of course on the East Coast.

First the Adventist Five-Day Plan as developed by Fblkenberg

and McFarland but more recently the adaptation of this plan by the
Michigan cancer foundation.

1 have read about some, but I am not familiar with them.

127

In addition to the tobacco withdrawal clinics, I am acquainted
with both the alcohol and drug withdrawal clinicsyhaving worked in
both of those on a very limited basis over the last seven or eight

years.
Physicians
1 have read of Broswell Park, I believe that is in New York--a
cancer center. And they had some withdrawal clinics. I followed
them in the literature, but found that theirs hasn’t been as
successful as this one.

Five or six I suppose.

Not personally acquainted with other types.

8. HOW VIII-SPREAD IS THE FIVE-MY PLAN?
The answer given by the majority of the respondents indicates

there is a lack of certainty regarding the scope of the "Plan".

Ministers or Psychologists

I don’t think that I can answer this question.

It is hard to say.

I think probably it reaches beyond our own borders, I know
it has in North America and Canada,and it has been picked up by
other divisions.

It is an international "Plan" now. It is even conducted in
Communist countries.

Physicians

I think it is worldwide. It's being held in many countries.

I don't know of any that is much more widespread than ours or
is used nationally as ours is.

The Five-Day Plan is international at this time.

128

9. WOULD THE FIVE-DAY PLAN BE THOUGHT 01’ AS PUBLIC EVAIGELISM?
The respondents are divided on this question. Some members
of the teams see in the plan a means of influencing the participants

in favor of religion.

Ministers or Psychologists

Well, we are not out for that particular reason, and yet
we have seen results of it and good contacts made. So to some
extent it would be evangelism with the public.

Yes, but I would look upon it as a prelude or adjunct to public
evangelism, but I certainly would not in any sense attempt to
identify Seventh-day Adventism with the progran itself or you are
going to kill its effectiveness. I would not hide the fact that
I am a Seventh-day Adventist minister,but I would make it a sub—-
rosa thing.

Yes, definitely. We may not be presenting the doctrines in
the same direct way that we would in a church or a tent or an
auditorium advertised as an evangelistic hall.

No, it is a community service with ”no strings attached".
However, good will is created for the church if the "Plan" is
conducted properly.

I would not think of the Five-Day Plan as public evangelism.
I think of the Five-Day Plan as a community service,and as such
it is public evangelism in the sense that it should acquaint the
community with the church and the principles for which the church
stands and with the idea that the church is willing and eager to
spend time and money and effort in helping its fellowmen. In
this sense I think that it is evangelistic.

Physicians

In a way, but not of meetings in which the doctrines of the
Adventist church are proclaimed, but it makes the community aware
that Seventh-day Adventists are interested in the community and
interested in helping people.

No, I don’t think so, public relations, sure; public evangelism

I don’t think so. Seventh-day Adventist evangelism, no; but public
relations.

I rather doubt it. Unless you consider every contact with every
individual as a possibility of evangelism. I don’t think everything
we have to do has to be associated with evangelism.

129

I think that it is sowing the seed for the harvest, and until
we do that and make friends, I think our results won't be what
they should be. It is indeed the right arm of the message. This
is one way of doing it.

No, I don’t think it's public evangelism, but I do think that
it enhances the stature of the church in the eyes of the public,
in that they know that it is sponsored by the Seventh-day Adventist
Chur Ch e

10. IS THE FIVE-DAY PLAN INCLUDED IN‘YOUR YEARLY CHURCH CALENDAR?
The majority of respondents have plans to conduct a withdrawal

clinic each year. They state:

Ministers or Psychologists

Yes, that's where I get the money to conduct them. Our people
in the churches will give liberally to this.

No I don't, I am just too busy. I would like to. I had to
turn down an opportunity this spring.

The Five-Day Plan is not included in our yearly church calendar
but is usually scheduled at a time when the physician and I are
able to work it into our calendars.

Not as such, it isn't. But we do try to work it in. That is,
we haven’t set any dates for it.

We have tentative plans with our doctors to do this. When
Dr. . . . and I were able to work together we agreed to plan one
approximately every three months. Certainly to break out five
consecutive nights once a quarter for this program is not al all
too much.

Physicians

Yes. If possible. If I would answer all the calls for a Five-
Day Plan,I would run a constant one.

I would like to hold one every month.but in a busy practice it is
impossible. I started out this way.and I found myself not being fair
to the family and using up all my vacation time, getting behind in
hospital charts and office work.and recently I have held maybe two
or three a year, even though I would like to hold more.

130

N0.

It’s a part of our annual program: we have conducted two plans
a year and then perhaps participate in other plans during the year.

Yes.

11. DO YOU KNOW OF‘ANY CONDITIONS OR SITUATIONS WHERE THE FIVE-DAY
PLAN MIGHT'NO BE AN ASSET TO YOUR COMMUNITY AND CHURCH?

Eight team members responded to this question. Fbur could not
think of any situation where it would not be an asset, and four could

visualize situations in which misuse would be detrimental.

Ministers or Psychologists
No, I do not.

I think I can conceive of situations in which Five-Day Plans
might not be an asset to either the church or the community. I
think it's possible that one of the co-sponsoring agencies such
as the cancer foundation, or the cancer society, or the heart
association, or others of simular nature could use it as a
vehicle to help its fund-raising drive. There I think it would
be a misuse of the "Plan."

I think it would be a mistake to use theyFive-Day Plan directly
in conjunction with an evangelistic campaign and be the minister
who is conducting the evangelistic campaign. People would get the
idea that we are taking advantage of our clinic members.

I have enthusiasm for the plan, and it would be hard for me to
visualize an area in which it would not be an asset. I have worked
with fourteen or fifteen and I haven't seen any where they were not
an asset.

I believe it would be unfortunate for a team to incorporate the
non-smoking meetings with religious meetings.
Physicians
I can't think of any.
I suppose there are some. It's like any other program. Much
depends on who conducts it and how it's conducted. I think the

basic plan is sound. I suppose somebody could goof it up without
any trouble.

12.

131

No, I do not.

WHAT'PUBLJSHED MATERIALS ON THE FIVE-DAY PLAN HAVE YOUEREAD?

According to the answers to this question,the materials that

have been made available in the Five-Day Plan Kit and denominational

publications are the main source of information on the Plan.

Ministers or Psychologists

The kit and various articles concerning the Five-Day Plan,
received in The Ministry and articles in our papers.

I have read the basic Five-Day materials and all of those that
are included in the kit. Up to the present time I have not read
extensively of the basic kit on Five-Day materials although I try
to keep up to date in the literature in both medical and pay-
chological journals on the handling of tobacco addiction.

There is a lot of literature on this field. The Nevaork Times
Index of which we have a complete copy here microIIlmed. Every-
thifig I could get my hands on.

I haven‘t read too much recently because we have come up with
our stock presentation; other than material I read in the news-
paper or various journals or clippings that people hand to me.

Physicians

 

13.

Public Relations kit, then I‘ve listened to Doctor McFarland
and Elder Folkenberg; they had some tapes on their program.

Listen Magazine covers the Five-Day Plan at various times,
Smoke Signals, which I draw some of my facts and figures from,
and var one other church periodicals.

Well, I have the basic series of lectures . . . by Fblkenberg
and McFarland.

Materials that have been published in newspapers and materials

from the Temperance Department of the General Conference of
Seventh-day Adventists.

Setting and Equipment
WHERE DO YOU USUALLY CONDUCT'THE FIVE-DAY PLAN?

 

132

Ministers or Psychologists

Most often in schools, either auditoriums or cafeterias or
combinations.

High school, YMCA 3 YWCA.

In the nicest free auditorium we can find. YWCA, YMCA, Court
House, auditorium.and school auditoriums.

Our Five-Day Plans have been conducted in public places-~schools,
court house auditoriums, bank auditoriums.and one in a TV station.

I think places where we conducted it most have been in schools.
We have conducted it in Elks Temple and in community meeting halls,
YMCA.and various places like these.
Physicians

We’ve had them in churches, schools, auditoriums, halls,
television studios, radio studios.

We have held them in public schools, public libraries, county
buildings, state buildings, county medical society building; we
have had two in Catholic churches.

Public auditorium, schools,and court house auditoriums.

14. WHAT TYPE OF MEETING PLACE DO YOU IESIRE FDR SUG-l P ?
The respondents indicate that the type of location of the
meeting place is a very important factor in the preparation for a

Five-Day Plan clinic.

Ministers or Psychologists

0h, 1 don't know that it makes too much difference, just some-
where where the people are used to coming. This, of course, is the
best and easiest place to get them out.

I like women's clubs. YWCA or YMCA. People are used to going
there. My least choice would be a church.

The finest place would be school auditoriums depending on the
number of people. If you are in an area that might attract $00
people,it's good to have an auditorium seating 500 or 600 people;
if you are in an area where you might attract 50 people,an auditorium

133

seating 200 or 300 makes them feel like it's a little bit empty
and I would rather have them feel we are pretty much at capacity.
Even in an auditorium that seats 600, if you have 300 people there
and they are scattered out throughout, it looks as though it's
pretty well filled up.

The thing that I think is most hmportant is that the meeting
place be one that is not distracting, that is comfortable, that
can surround the person coming to the clinic with as many creature
comforts as possible so that he will have as few as possible dis-
tractions working that might inhibit his desire to concentrate
all of his physical, mental,and psychic energies on the problem
of tobacco addiction.

Physicians

15.

Plush, carpeted auditorium, comfortable chairs, good accoustics,
well-lighted.

Ideally, I think you should have an auditorium that is shaped in
such a way that it isn’t long and narrow, but somewhat circular so
that everybody can be relatively close to the speaker. If you get
rooms too long and narrow,you lose people in the back.

I like something centrally located, preferably, a public building.

Probably a city building near a city center where the people are
used to coming for entertainment and educational programs would be
most desirable.

I think a hospital can be a very good point of reference in
cases like this such as a conference room in a hospital. I think
it puts the medical personnel behind you,too. Fbr instance,in the
Niles area I‘was thinking of Pawating Hospital, possibly in the
medical conference room.

WHAT'MECHANICAL DEVICES ARE NECESSARY TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION
IN CONDUCTINGlA FIVE-DAY PLAN?

The respondents‘answersto this question reveal that the pre-

scribed practice regarding the use of visual aids by Folkenberg and

McFarland is followed by the majority of the team members.

Ministers or Psychologists

Well, you need a projector and screen; the projector to show
slides. A projector is good also for giving a summary on the

134

Five-Day Plan at the end of the clinic. I also use music on a
tape recorder or phonograph to create a pleasant atmosphere.
Lightingyawe haven't done anything particular with that except
not to have the lights on real bright when folks come in in
order to give them more of a calm, reassuring atmosphere.

We use a projector, but I use flash cards. I have an easel
that I work with on which I had main topics. --- Ladderboard --
blackboard.

A projector and screen for the films, and a blackboard. How-
ever, I am going to be scheduling a number of them:and as soon
as I can, I’m going to develop a set of black light material to
emphasize the points that I’ll be presenting in my regular
evening talks.

Yes, we used several films,and we use a blackboard for drawing
a few illustrations on it.

The mechanical devices that I have found helpful in our clinics
have been, of course, the projector.which we use in the normal way
for the showing of movies at the beginning of each of the programs
at least on four of the five nights. 0n the fifth night we some-
times use a slide projector,on which we present slides of interest
from a medical point of view in the handling of tobacco addiction.

I think that we have just begun to scratch the surface on the use

of mechanical devices in enhancing communication in these Five-

Day Plans. I can see, for example, that a multi-media approach

in some of the things that I do, as well as the use of charts and
devices in some of the lectures.would greatly enhance the presentation
of this, and I would hope that these can be developed perhaps by the
men the conference can appoint soon or by someone like that.

Physicians

I think one doesn't need much really at all, movies of course
and a tape recorder.

I usually use a black board and red and white chalk, and maybe:
smoking Sam the first night. I have a friend of mine who is s
Pathologist procure various human specimens such as a damaged
heart, lung cancer, and a brain to demonstrate to people that smoking
affects the brain.

The basic equipment probably would be a movie projector, possible
slide projector; other things are helpful, of course, a smoking
mannequin which I have found terribly useful.

Projector, models of the heart and lungs. The actual specimens
of a smoker's and non-smoker's lung if possible.

13S

Projector, blackboard, device to play music, loud speaker
system.
16. ARE MUSIC AND LIGHTING USED TO CREA'E A PLEASANT ATNDSPHERE?
The respondents to this question reveal that they are
concerned with creating the proper atmosphere for conducting a

successful clinic.

Ministers or Psychologists

Good lighting and proper coordination in the lighting, sound, the
movies, lend a great deal to the program.

We have used some music,and we have done it without music.
Sometimes I wonder if the people are paying any attention to the
music as we play soft music at the time they come in, but I think
it’s a good thing and not time or effort wasted.

Yes, we have at times used a sort of mood music, but we didn’t
have any effective lighting system.

Yes.

Music is used. I feel that special lighting would be an asset.

Physicians
We have never used this, but I think it would be helpful.

Frequently, I think they are not essential, but nice if you can
get them.

We have not used any special lighting.

Audience

17. DID YOU ENDEAVOR AT‘ FIRST '10 $01 A PARTICUfi §L§§ 0R GRQP

OF PEOPLE? IF SOI M1101 ONE?

Only one respondent indicated that he attempted to reach a

particular class of people.

136

Ministers or Psychologists

There is no particular class or group of people that we
attempt to reach. An open invitation is given,and people are
invited to come as they choose.

Not in particular.
No, we have not aimed this at any particular class of folks.

No, the clinic is for anyone who desired to stop smoking.

Physicians

Yes, at times. At our last one we went right into a Spanish
Catholic Church and tried to do something for this group of
under-privileged people through the Headstart Program which was
financied by the government.

It wasn't my aim.

No, whoever wants to stop smoking, whoever responds to the
advertisement, we welcome them.

No, I don’t think we've ever made any attempt to reach any
particular class, but you draw a particular class of people.

No, anyone who is interested in coming and in giving up the
habit.

18. 11W IX) YOU DETERMINE WHO YOUR AUDIENCE IS?
The registration sheet recommended by the original team is the

main method of getting acquainted with the audience by the team.

Ministers or Psychologists

We haven't particularly worried about this. It's just who comes,
and we're willing to work with anyone.

we have registration. They fill out a sheet and register by it
so that we do know this way. One time we registered them by name--
my wife sat at a table and registered them by name and that way we
got acquainted with them right from the start and knew who they
were.

137

I make my own registration cards. I found that a little card
with the essential information was easier to file and a little
neater to keep track of, and the people didn’t mind filling out a
little card and paying their registration fee of $2.00. They fill
out the card with their age group, address, occupation. ‘When we
don't have a registration form, as we interview*the people, two,
three, or four of them each evening, I like to ask their name
and where they live. Occasionally their occupation is mentioned
as they talk with us.

I get acquainted with some of the people before the meeting
starts. A friend may introduce them;and we use a registration
sheet that gives us the name, address,snd occupation.

Physicians

 

19.

I try to be there a little early the first night and meet people
as they come through the door. You can pretty well tell their social
status by the way they are dressed.

‘We have them fill out registration slips which give all the
details on them.

Just whoever comes to mention it at the end of the session. They
usually state their occupation on the registration.

Through the registration we have an opportunity to see the names

and the occupation of those who attend.

WHAT EmBDMIC CLASS OF PEOPLE USUALLY ATTEND? A. LOWER, B. MIDDLE,
C. UPPER, D. dfiER.

Although the majority of the team members do not direct their

program to a particular class of people, they discover that attendance,

like that in the Folkenberg-McFarland audience, consists of the middle

and upper class.

Ministers or Psychologists

Middle to upper.

Actually, upper and middle class are what we've had in most
instances.

Middle and upper class mostly.

138

I would suspect that the socio-economic class of people that
usually attend would be the middle class person. We get a few
of upper middle or even lower upper class,but I suspect that middle
class would cover their classification.

I would say every class. We haven't noticed anything particular
about them.

Physicians

Teachers, lawyers, bankers, engineers, educated class.

lower and middle.

Middle and upper.

Middle and upper.

Oh, I think just middle.

Program Fbrmat
20. WHAT GENERAL PROGRAM FORMAT DO YOU IBE?

The seven team members who responded to this question indicate
that the Folkenberg-McFarland format as presented in the Five-Day Plan
"Kits“ is used. It is interesting to note that two members state
that even greater emphasis is put on "group dynamics" than in the

original plan.

Ministers or Psychologists

The general program format that we use does not differ a great
deal from that that is laid down in the kit. I think that we offer
a greater opportunity for exchange and for group participation in
the clinic than is presented in the materials that come with the
Five-day kit. But I think that that is the only program change
that we have made.

I follow the Five-Day Plan kit for most of my programs. We, of
course, change illustrations and bring them more up to date, but
for the general program we stick by this kit.

very much the same as given in the Folkenberg Plan.

139

I think that is a very good format. However we shorten the
lectures to give more time to "Group Dynamics."

We use the same program format that was outlined by the
Folkenberg-McFarland team.

Physicians
The same format used in the Folkenberg-McFarland plan.
No, we don’t follow the format as far as the printed lectures
are concerned; we follow the Folkenberg-McFarland format of

audience participation, five nights, movies, question and answer
periods.

21. HAVE YOU CHANGED THE PROGRAM FORMAT SLNCE YOU BEGAN mNIIJCTING
THE FIVE-DAY PLAN?
According to the response to this question,the team members
have found very little need to alter the format as outlined by

Folkenberg and McFarland.

Ministers or Psychologists

Only change made is that more time is devoted to group dynamics.

No, I, personarhrhave not. I like to follow the kit so that if
I'm called away and some one else comes in, he can tell what I have
covered.

No, the original is well done.

NO. I haven‘t seen any need to change it one bit. ‘We follow
very closely. I don’t read, I give it as a talk. I have followed
the kit because I feel that in a way, it was inspired. . . . It's
authors put forward a tremendous program.

Not to any great extent. One main thing is to keep it fairly
brief.

Physicians
No. I don’t think we've changed it a great deal.

No.

Al IIIIIII‘ I I'll I I'll- ! ll {- I III III I I'll l I llllllul i 1 I'd}

140

Massage Content
22. DO YOU [BE THE LECTURES BY FOIKENBERG AND MCFARIAND ENTIRELY?

The majority of the respondents, especially the ministers,

adhere Eloielyto thé IéEtures prepared by the original team.

Ministers or Psychologists

Yes, in general I do. Sometimes I bring in a personal
illustration which would be very similar to the ones they have
given; or I use more up-to-date information.

I would say that the structure is there.
Yes, very much.

We do not use the lectures by McFarland and Fblkenberg
entirely., In the beginning I sgspect that both Dr. . . . and I
did, but more experiences that we have had in the clinic and
experiences from our reading have been included in the Folkenberg
and McFarland materials until probably Pblkenberg and McFarland
would not recognize them.

._

Yes. I use Folkenberg‘s lectures. I use some personal illus-
trationsvand condense some sections.

Physicians

 

Basically, yes.

NO, I use my own material.

Yes.

I haven't had to really vary from it much.

Not entirely, I do a little ad-libbing;1 have a note card and I
never present it the same way twice in a row, I don't believe.
23. IF MDT, WHAT MATERIAIS DO YOU USE?
The majority of the team members stated that the prepared lectures
were used by them. Tho respondents state:

We use materials from professional journals, from research that
we know is going on,and from experiences in previous clinics.

Medical journals that come to the office.

141

2“. IF YOU USE YOUR OWN MESSAGES HOW DO YOU DEVELOP THEM?

I've been carrying on the program through the years, and
generally you find out what seems to attract interest, what seems
to be effective, and drOp out that which seems to be ineffective,
and I always ask suggestions of people. That which doesn't get
much comment we tend to drop out, but I suppose it goes by
evolution.

I have been able to glean various facts and figures and try to keep
up, even though I don’t deviate too much from the lectures. During
question period you have to be able to answer questions, so I try
to keep up on the latest information on it.

As I have become better acquainted with the program and de-
veloped materials that I add to the basic lectures.

25. WHERE no YOU GET MOST OF YOUR MATERIALS?

Ministers or Psychologists
JUst in general reading and we fit them into the kit.

I believe in getting materials from common-place sources and
believe these are worth collecting. I have a file of 3 x 5, h x 6
cards on which I have them topically headed. On these cards I'll
have apt quotations or apt stories. The quotations can be of
illustrations or they can be humor,and I try to inject quite a
few stories.

The large majority of our materials come from the experience
and the work that we have done in these clinics, although the
general outline is still the McFarland-Folkenberg outline.

Physicians

Listen Magazine and Smoke Signals are very good sources.
Monthly Issues 0 various med ca Journals are used. Almost
every issue has something about smoking, at least in the last
three or four years.

Mostly personal experiences I would think, then my reading.
Medical journal.

American cancer Society, T.B. Association, and of course, the
current journals.

we

I draw on personal experience and the field of medicine. If you
are in it for awhile,you get materials from everywhere. People
send you cartoons, . . . clippings, their experiences; a quote from
a surgeon general and everybody‘will give you their copy, thinking
you didn‘t get one of your own. I have a whole file of material.

26. HAVE YOU GiANGBD ms CONTENT OF YOUR ME VERY MUG-i SINCE YOU
FIRST'BEGAN?

Ministers or Psychologists

There has been a change in the content of the messages since
we first began in that as we build experiences and as we do more
reading and research on our own, as we follow the studies that
are being conducted at the present time, we continually update
the material.

NO, I wouldn't think so.
No.

No, most of the content is very similar except a few changes
as we fill in. . . . We joke back and forth,with one another using
some of the commercials of the tobacco industry like "It's what’s
up front that counts," or*when the film might be shown of a
cemetery'why "This is lung cancer country," or various other
quips that we bring in that we feel causes the folks to relax
and enjoy the program.

Physicians
No.
Not a great deal.
Oh, you learn the things that seem to go over bigger . . .
as you go over these programs,you learn the things that make more
of an impression and start gradually growing into something other
than what you started with.
The content is the same. . . I use different illustrations,
, different reasons for emphasizing the difference between air pal-

"lution and cigarette smoking.

My lectures were almost verbatim McFarland lectures when I first
began; now I make a general outline and speak from this.

27.

11:3

IDES 111E FIVE-DAY PLAN RQUIRE A DIFFERENT TYPE OF SPEECH
COMPOSITION'THAN PREACHING? IF'SO, WHY?

The majority of the team members did not compose their lectures

and evidently did not respond directly to this question. Three

respondents replied:

28,

Absolutely. The Five-Day Plan does not require preaching.
The Five-Day Plan is an intimate type of communication with
a group of people that may be as large as the congregation that
many preachers address,but the type of communication does not
merit the formal language and the hard rhetoric that is appropriate
in the sermon. The speech composition that would be used in a
clinic,I would say, would be more direct, less formal, with greater
non-verbal communication between audience and speaker.

To say that, would be to say that a good speech is different
from a good sermon;and intrinsically you know that the elements
of rhetoric are applicable to both speech making and sermon making.

Yes. It does for me. The information presented in the Five-Day
lectures are part of my general knowledge, easier for me to comment.
.After I‘ve developed a Five-Day Plan lecture,I give this material
over and over again; it's very easy for me to do. In composing a
sermon I'm not that well acquainted with the scriptures; it requires
a lot of preparation.

ARE FIVE-MY PLAN MESSAGES DIFFICULT TO WRITE?

Although the majority of the team members use the lectures

prepared by Folkenberg and McFarland, there is some preparation for

the follow-up meetings. Four respondents believe thatCthe lectures

are not difficult to write.

Ministers or Psychologists

I do not find Five-Day Plan messages difficult to write. I
find it easy to use the Five-Day Plan to respond to the needs of

my fellow human beings.and I do not find this particularly difficult
to do.

The difficulty in writing these would be entirely dependent upon
the interest and resourcefulness of the one who is going to be giving
them. Tb me it was a joy because it was a challenge.

144.

I find they are not difficult to write in any follow-up
meetings that we have had. We have come up with various

illustrations and talks that can be useful and are not particularly
difficult to write.

I believe any lecture is difficult to write if it is done
properly.

Physicians
Nos
I don't write them.

NO, I don't believe so, if you had asked me that when we first
started,I'd have probably said they are.

29. WHAT SEEMS TO BE THE MOST DIFFICULT PART OF WRITII‘G THEM?

Ministers or Psychologists

Just getting information that we haven’t covered previously,
and information that we are sure is factual.

The most difficult part of writing them is anticipating the
mood of the audience from night to night, of anticipating the
amount of trauma through which the audience has gone in the last
twenty-four hours since you have last seen them. In anticipating
the amount of difficulty which some of them have experienced of a
physical and psychological nature because of their withdrawal from
tobacco and the difficulty of anticipating this, I find, makes
writing these most difficult.

Arranging the materials.

Physicians

Perhaps the organizing of the material.

30. no YOU USUALLY use Iuwcnvs on osnucnvs METHOLS OF Devswpyuafl
NW

 

This question was of concern only to the respondents who

developed some of their own lectures for the plan.

145

Some of both . . . mostly inductive, however.

I think that the method of development that I use cannot be
characterized as inductive or deductive because I think I work
in both of these.

I'd say inductive, but I wouldn't say that all of mine are all
of one way or all of the other.

31. DO YOU ENDEAVOR TO MAKE THE MESSAGE PERSONAL? IF'SO WHAT METHODS

WWW—mi 'WS'SKSS "' AS' PSRSW'

The intent of this question is to endeavor to discover if
the speaker by voice, manner, or message attempts'to instill confidence
in the minds of his audience and show that he is interested in each

one personally. Some of the respondents'answers were vague.

Ministers or Psychologists.

In every case I think that the message is intended to be personal,
personal to the extent that I am attempting to help them, that I
have some materials that can be helpful to them in the difficult
job that they have and I am eager to share these materials with
them. This I think makes it more personal.

Yes. I tell experiences in which I have failed as well as
hopefully have had some measure of succesg.and try to let the
people see that a life that is to be lived must take into con-
sideration a person’s own philosophical outlook on life and his
own habit patters as they relate to work, recreation,and social
life.

Yes I do. I speak in a conversational tone and try to create
an informal, relaxed atmosphere.

Yes, very personal. By being a religious person,people express
their appreciation of this fact.

Yes. Where illustrations are used there, I try to think of a
similar illustration that I can use from my own experience.

Physicians

Yes, I think creating an informal atmosphere is about the best
thing you can do.

146

I think that it is in using the blackboard, drawing pictures,
using little humor now and then to try and encourage their interest.

Yes.

I think one good way is to bring in a little good-natured humor,
and get the people to chuckle about their problems and many of the
problems a smoker has,and that you can talk to him about in a
humorous vein . . . pretty soon you know there is communication
with the audience.

Oh, I don’t know that there is anything specific, actually
the minister is the one that speaks first on the first-night

program; and the ice is broken by the time I speak, so I haven't
given any thought to this.

Delivery

32. DOES THE FIVE-DAY PLAN REQUIRE A DIFFERENT'TYPE OF’DELIIEEX Iflfifl

The majority of the respondents had had experience in preaching.

 

The answers given to this question indicates that they were aware of a
need to adapt their delivery to the speaking occasion. All of the
respondents stated a different type of delivery is used in the Five-

Day P1 In a

Ministers or Psychologists

More informal. In evangelistic preaching you are preaching to
folk in a little different way than in pastoral preaching, and in
the Five-Day Plan it's quite different from either one. You are
still trying to communicate, but I think we have to avoid the
"preachery" aspect of it; we don’t want to give that impression.
Sometimes I tell them, after I have used some scriptural reference,
that I have now finished my preaching for tonight and we will come
back to the discussion together.

Yes, I think that it requires a difference--definitely, if you
are talking about the delivery of a preacher where he is staid and
conservative, bordering on the oratory lecture type. I would say
this is the thing that you want to avoid in the Five-Day Plan. In
other words, you are conversational all the way through. The in-
dividual and not the audience is what you are after.

147

I think so. You are apt, when you first begin to be a little
preachy, but I think it best if you can be more conversational and
quite informal since the average group of people we are reaching
come in an informal way. You can see that from the way they are
dressed, very informally, even those who come from higher levels
of society come in informal dress and they appreciate an informal
approach

Yes, I think that conversation, a friendly chat with enthusiasm and
the use of a little humor to break the ice really does a little to
melt peoples' feelings. You say something you consider comical to
begin with and you put them at ease. The speaker has to be so
enthused and earnest about this thing that he radiates this
enthusiasm to them.

I think that the different type of delivery that is necessary
for use in the Five-Day Plan could be characterized by a less
formal type of delivery, a greater responsiveness to the verbal
and sub-verbal cues of an audience,and the less structured formalized
outline that would be followed in the presentation of the subject.
I would hesitate to ascend a pulpit with the loosely structured type
of outline that I would use in a Five-Day Plan presentation. I
think Five-Day Plan presentations have been characterized by a greater
amount of invention as the speaker is proceeding.

ghysicians

I think you are a little less formal; at least I am, and some-
times I joke with them considerably. I use a blackboard more like a
teacher would teach rather than preaching to them.

I start right in the middle and I ask them questions, or I’ll
have them take a straw vote on different aspects of the problem,
or get up and do a little breathing once in a while to oxygenate
their brain. we don’t preach. I think preaching would be the
saddest way of any to present it to them.

Well, I think there is more of a relaxed feeling. I try to
add some frivolous stories to put the people at ease; then we have
a period of questions and answers so I do think it is a little
different.

I would hope so. I would hate to be preached to at something
like that. Because it's too fommal, and I don't think this is any
place for it.

Oh yes, if you get too preachy,it’s not good. You have to have
empathy for the people. They resent being preached to because they
want to stop--that is the problem.

1#8

33. CAN ANYTHING BE DONE IN THE DELIVERY TO HELP THE AUDIENCE ACCEPT
U AS A FRIEND? TO HAVE CDNFIIENCE IN YOU‘Q

This question is closely related to question number 32. The
respondents believed that the manner of delivery can aid in winning

friendship and confidence.

Ministers or Psychologists

One of the things I have noticed in the Five-Day Plan is that
a minister would be at an advantage, perhaps, had he overcome
smoking himself in the past. If he had been a smoker before he
became a Christian, then he can tell folks how he overcame the
habit. In a calm,quiet way we joke with them at times, and we
are serious at times to help them have confidence in us.

Yes, by not posing as an authority and by not posing as an
angel. You are a sinner and struggling along with them.

Yes, I think that a good deal can be done in delivery to get
the audience to accept you as a therapist.

I think a pleasant attitude toward them and a feeling that
you are with them and "we are doing this together," helps. They
probably are aware that you are a non-smoker, that you are not
struggling in the same way they are, but if you can give them the
flnpression that you understand,it‘will help. One of the questions
they invariably ask iaHave you ever smoked? And they would wish
that you had, so that you can understand their struggle.

Extend a warm welcome to them. Assure them of your interest
in them. You.must be sincere. Whether you are or are not will
show through.

Physicians

 

They'll accept you as a friend; the rapport builds as you go on.
If you are not preaching,they realize you are there to help them.

I think as soon as you start asking questions and get them to
start taking part in the program, then, I think, you are right in
there making contact with the individual. This is probably what
puts them at ease more than anything.

Show an interest in the family. Have the group place a picture
of their children in an empty cigarette pack (stop smoking for

their sake) and go out into the audience and look at some of the
pictures.

34.

1u9

When you are introduced by the local minister as a local M.D.,
or practicing physician, their anxieties seem to subside. I
usually try to poke a little fun at the minister in one way or
another, especially if he is obese. I think this kind of breaks
down their anxiety, and they feel that you are a human being who
is trying to help them. I try to give some examples from my own
practice of people that have given up smoking or from previous
programs to try to instill confidence in them that they are not going
to die during the Five-Day Plan, that they are going to make it,
and if they stick with it, they will be successful.

Relations With Civic leaders

WHAT IS 513E NAME OR NAMES OF GROUPS THAT SPOPBOR THE FIVE-DAY
OR ENCOURAGE YOU TO CONDUCT THE “PLAN"?

The answer to this question gives some indication as to how

the plan is accepted in the community and to what degree the team

members cooperate with the civic leaders.

Ministers or Psychologists

Generally, I have contacted the Cancer society, the Lions Club,
Rotary Club—~various groups like this. When I advertise in the
paper, I want folks to know very definitely that it is conducted
by the Seventh-Day Adventist church, that I am a Seventh-day
.Adventist minister. But I want them also to realize that this
is not a religious program, so I like to advertise it in connection
with some other civic organization or group like the American
Cancer Society. They they realize that it's not a religious
program, that it is on the up-and-up, and that we are conducting
a community service program.

The groups that I have worked with so far are The Michigan Heart
group, the American cancer Society,and the Michigan Cancer Fbundation;‘
the Jaycees of some of the adjacent communities have been sponsoring
Five-day Plans and helped with the publicity in some of these also.

YMCA

Principally in the Detroit area, the Michigan Cancer Foundation.
Three or four years ago when we began doing this in a more regular
way,I checked with the American Cancer Society. I borrowed one of
their films and asked whether they minded if, in my advertising and
releases,I indicated that the programs were sponsored by the
Seventh-Day Adventist church in cooperation with the American Cancer
Society. They appreciated that approach. Sometimes I would have
one of them come out and give a ten or fifteen minute talk.

Seventh-day Adventist Church. Andrews University.

'1 ‘50.

Physicians

_ The County Medical Society, The Cancer Society, The Heart Society
have been behind us. The Ingham County Respiratory Disease organi-
zation, which is sponsored by the TB Christmas Seals.donated $100

to one of our programs in Lansing. The Adventist Church has been
the main one that has helped us financially in buying the handbooks
and other material.

I've been sponsored by high schools, PTA's, Detroit News, a
newspaper; television stations, radio, Michigan Cancer Foundation,
Council on smoking and health,‘ YWCA's.I think it’s good to work
with these people and have an understanding with them regarding
your program.

The Seventh-day Adventist church, the Michigan cancer Society,
and the American cencer Society.

Usually the church.
35. HAS ms (IMMUNITY EXPRESSED ANY REACTTOI‘B TO YOUR FIVE-DAY PLAN?

Ministers or Psychologists

Yes, they have on radio programs that we have been asked to
be interviewed on and television spot announcements. In contacting
the newspapers, many have expressed their appreciation for such
work as we are doing.

I think that it has done a great deal as a springboard for a
favorable climate for the Adventists. The fact that the University
topped a goal for one million dollars the first time we asked for
public aid shows that the community believes the aid is reciprocal.
I know that the Five-Day Plan had something to do with people
realizing that Adventists had more than the Bible in their hand
when they went out to see people.

Reaction of community-~very favorable.
Our community as such has not expressed reaction to Five-Day
Plans at the present time.
Phygicians
I can't think of any time that they'were displeased with our

success,and we have received many letters thanking us for holding
this in their community.

151

The only ones I know about are from the ones taking part,and
most of them appreciate what you are doing. Outside of the program,
I’ve never heard any comment.

Yes, we've received a number of comments from the physicians
at the hospital, and I had one of the individuals of the Sisters
Spiritual call me up here a few weeks ago and asked me quite a
few questions. Then he had quite a write up in the Pontiac Press.
The responses have been favorable.

36. DID YOU CHOOSE THE LOCATION FOR ms CLINHB?

The intent of this question is to help determine the importance
of the location as perceived by the director of the clinic. The
majority of the respondents choose or evaluate the location for the

clinics.

Ministers or Psychologists

I do when I am directing it, but the cancer Foundation has been
choosing a school building.

The location for the first Five-Day Plan was chosen by the
pastor of our church. Subsequent ones have been chosen by pastors
and by the temperance secretary of the church.

I surely did.
Yes, I usually was the one when I conducted it myself.

I cooperate with the physician who is participating with me
in choosing a place.
Physicians
I usually leave all the details and the making of all the
arrangements of the program up to the local minister, but some-

times he consults me.

NO.

I tell the people, ”You go find the place and let me see if it’s
okay, and then I’ll put the program on for you.” This saves me the
trouble of looking around for a place.

Yes.

152

37. DOES THE IOCATION AFFECT THE ATTENDANCE? WHY?

Ministersgor Psychologists

Very definitely. Because if you are going to have it in a
hall where people who are religious go,then the non-religious
or the irreligious are afraid that they are going to get "hooked
on religion."

I think so to a certain extent, if it's accessible to an area
of the community--for example, in the Grosse Pointe area,where
you are more in the center of the population,there is a higher
attendance than, for example, at Mt. Clemens, out on the fringe
area of the population concentration.

Yes, you need a place where people will go readily-—some place
that is easily accessible and has good parking facilities.

Yes, I believe the location will affect not only the attendance
but the class of people who attend. Many people will not put forth
a lot of effort to go out to meetings of any type; therefore,the
location must be as easily located as possible and in a good
environment.

I think location would affect attendance if we held it other
than in a public location, but that is only a guess on my part.
I have no background for making any judgment here.

Physicians

Yes. If it is centrally located where the people know where
the building is and if there is parking available and they are
used to going to that area for educational or for entertainment,
they are more likely to come out.

Definitely. If you have it in one of our churches, I think
that maybe they're going to think of proselyting. Let’s eliminate
the church. Sometimes I think even a church institution, no
matter what you do with it, or call the place, will affect attendance.

To a certain extent, although, I think,_if people want to come,
they will come no matter where you hold it. I would not want to
hold one in the church because this might affect the attendance.

The people might think we were trying to bring them into the church.

If you have it in the inter city,the people in the suburbs will
not gogand the inner city people are not ready to stop smoking.

153

38. war 18 THE RELATIONSHIP semen ms FIVE-my PLAN AND ms
'6!NEER'§UCTETY‘E£IRIE§7

 

Ministers or Psychologists

The Cancer Society clinics have, I think, shamelessly
plagiarized the materials that we are using. It would seem
to me that they have decided that here is something good and
they will take it over because the church will be civic-minded
about it and they will not run into trouble with this. I
frankly have some difficulty handling my own emotional reactions
to this and feel that we are not getting a fair shake from the
cancer societies.

We used cancer society literature in our Five-Day Plans. I
felt it was good to make contact with them, at least at the time
when we first started out. However, I do not feel that we should
give them credit for the program. We want to show them that we
are willing and anxious to help people.

I feel the Cancer Society has compromised our plan to quite an
extent;and in working with them we can’t be quite as specific,
quite as direct in our approach.

The only cancer society clinics that I am aware of is in Detroit,

and I believe they patterned their clinics after the Five-Day Plan.
Our men cooperate with them in conducting their clinics.

Physicians

 

I’m not acquainted with them. I've heard of them,but I don't
know them.

I think cancer society clinics in the past haven't worked well.
This is what the experience was in Detroit. Most of the ones that I
have been associated with for the cancer society have been working
on a long plan. They had them come only once a week. For all
intents and purposes that doesn’t work. If people don’t succeed,
they become discouraged, attendance falls off. I know this was
true in PTint and also in Detroit. They abandoned them.

We.had a local one here in Lansing. Because we didn't go into
Lansing and hold our program, it was originated by an internist,
but those involved in the program used our materials and forms. They
haven't been too successful getting people out. In our two campaigns
in Lansing we helped more people than they have in the last three or
four years. I think the biggest reason for their lack of success is
that (1) it wasn’t inspired; (2) They don't use a minister with the
program, and I still think that the psychology of smoking as pre-
sented by Elder Folkenberg and now the local pastors is the greater

154

share of the program and is the most successful part of the
program. The doctor who does give his time in the other clinic
is paid a large amount,and they have to charge from $25 to $50.
This keeps a lot of people away.

They have helped in promotional materials and advertising.
They have helped with some of their brochures and information
about the harmful effects.

39. ARE THERE ANY ETHICAL COPSIDERATIOI‘S THE SPOI‘SOR SHOULD KEEP
IN'MINDP

Eight of the respondents believe there are ethical considerations

that should be kept in mind. They state:

Ministers or Psycholhgists

I think if we use cancer societies’ literature and we give
credit where credit is due, use the material properly, and back
up what we do say, there shouldn't be any difficulties or problems
as we work with them. I make contact with them before we advertise
their name and get their okay on it. I have run into no problems
this way at all.

We should not try to make this a program to win church members.

Neither minister or doctor should take advantage of the
audience by pushing their religion or by trying to increase their
practice.

I try to keep in mind that I am talking to people of various
religious backgrounds and I‘m not trying to be their pastor, but
am strictly there to help them in whatever psychological or spiritual
aspect I can.

Physicians

I think in particular that the physician has to be careful that
he doesn't try to treat any of the people there, write prescriptions
for them, or answer any questions other than general ones. He
should refer them to their own private doctor rather than treat any
specific problem.

Yes, I think they are rather general. If someone asks us to
sponsor a program and every time we mention the church they get
edgy and aren't willing to sit in as co-sponsor for the church
development plan, I wouldn't be able to put it on for them. At
the same time I don't think we should ask them to co-sponsor the

155

plan and then pass out evangelistic invitations at the door. So,
I think if we are going to co—sponsor with some 9f these public
service organizationgiwe have to carry on in strictly an ethical
way without putting any emphasis on the evangelistic aspect.

I think the physician should do as we are instructed to in the
Five-Day Plan packet-~suggest to the people if they have any heart
disease, if they have any fluid inbalance problem, or if they are
very nervous, they should seek the advice of their own physician
who knows them and not try to suggest that they take over-the-
counter medication in any way. They should seek.his counsel before
taking part, if there is some question in their mind. “

Yea.

40. DO YOU HAVE SUBSTITUTE 0R ALTERNATE SPEAKERS FOR THE FIVE-DAY
PLANT

Folkenberg and McFarland followed the practice of lecturing
each night. Some teams have substituted speakers because of their

schedules or other reasons. They state:

Ministers or Psychologists

 

Yes, I do, Many times in recent years I was unable to complete
the whole Five-Day Plan myself,and so others were able to work in;’
and if they followed the kit as I did, we had no particular problems.

This has been frequently done. I think it is better if the
same individuals can carry it through for the most part with an
occasional guest speaker.

No. I certainly wouldn't miss that. I wouldn’t want the
doctor to miss it. I think it's got to be the same two men.

We have had on occasions in the past, substitute or alternate
speakers for the Five-Day Plan when one of the principal participants
was unable to be present. I do not like this; I do not think that it
is effective. I have participated in plans where we have used sub-
stitute or alternate speakers for the Five-Day Plan. I do not think
that this is particularly good, but it is sometimes necessary when
the physician or I have to be absent because of other commitments
that we cannot avoid. I have participated in Five-Day Plans where
there were substitute and alternate speakers on each night, and I
certainly do not feel that this is a satisfactory way of reconciling
some of the problems that are encountered. I feel the establishing

156

of a personal bond in this helping type of relationship between

the physician, the psychologist, and the audience is an important
factor in the participants' ability to withdraw. I would like to
see a study sometime of the relative success of using five different
speakers on five different nights as Opposed to a team doing,g com-
plete clinic.

Physicians

41.

Yes, I do. Although I try to be there on the nights the other
speakers are taking over, even though I may not say very much, but
just to show my interest in being there.

I've just been starting the program, and then they have had
someone else come in.

If there are other physicians in the area that have not helped
with the Five-Day P1an,l try to encourage them, to get them busy
on it so they can carry the ball after I am gone. I try to get
them in one or two nights out of the Five and without my
participation to really get their feet wet and feel the joy and
satisfaction of working like this.

At the last one we had a different speaker every night. I think
you're going to get the best response out of having some continuity.
And especially for the psychologists or whoever is going to lead out
in it, to see the show through.

DO YOU HAVE GUEST'SPEAKERS WHO LECTURE 0N RELATED TOPICS?

 

Folkenberg and McFarland followed the practice of having guest

speakers to speak on related topics at their clinics. Seven of the

eight team members who responded to this question stated this was also

their practice.

Ministers or Psychologists

Yes. We did not use them perhaps as much as we could, but I
tried to work in our own doctors"or dentists particularly or those
who could help us in the area. we did make contact with a few
other doctors in the community in this way.

Yes. I would have somebody; for instance, 1 would have . . .,
tell about the chemistry of tobacco and the error of it. I would
even have somebody like . . . come over from the Behavioral Science
Department to speak on the "What are the Implications for an
Individual who is Wanting to Change the Pattern of a Habit."

157

Yes, this has been done as long as it can be kept within the
time limitations of the program, approximately an hour and a half
is the best.

Yes, we have followed this practice.

Physicians

Never!

Yes:

Yes we use them:

We bring in some non-Adventist specialists such as a pathologist
to show specimens, maybe an ear-nose-throat man to discuss that
aspect,or an OB-Gyn man or woman to discuss the effects upon the
fetal circulation.

u2. DO YOU LECTURE EACH EVENINGrFDR FIVE CONSECUTIVE EVENINGS?
The lecturing and the group therapy are the two key aspects

of the Five-Day Plan. Ihe intent of this question is to discover

whether or not the team members follow the practice of the original

team.

Ministers or Psychologists
I did when I could.

It is our plan that both the physician and I will be in attendance
for the five-consecutive evenings.

Sometimes I have and sometimes I have been more the master of
ceremonies. I have had, for example, had Dr. . . ., who is a
psychiatrist in my congregation,take one or two nights.

Nb. Although I believe the best practice is to lecture each
evening--at least be present.
Physicians
Yes.

Yes.

158

It's better to be there the five days. You don‘t have to
lecture, but as a physician you are sort of responsible. You’ve
got to have continuity; someone must be there that they recognize
every night; and if I don't speak, I interview people and answer
some questions.

I've never gone all the way through as Thursday night is always
my night on call for the group, and I'll take the first four nights,
and then Dr. . . . will probably finish off the last night.

Yes, when possible.

Response to the Five-Day Plan
1:3. WHY DO PEOPLE ATTEND THE FIVE-DAY PLAN? (WHAT PROMP'IS IHEM?)
This question was designed to ascertain what prompts individuals
to attend the Five-Day Plan. Various reasons motivate people to attend,
but the respondents believe the desire to overcome the tobacco habit

is the major reason.

Ministers or Psychologists

Tb stop smoking--of course, most of them have tried, and tried,
and tried to give up smoking before. We had folks here who tried
yoga and exercises and diets and all kinds of things--psychology
and everything they could-~to give it up,and finally they came
to the Five-Day Plan.

0bviously,because they want to stop smoking. I discourage
Seventh-day Adventists from attending.

various reasons. A lot of the people come because their children
have seen or heard the spot announcements by the Cancer Foundation
or the Heart Association or T3, and they are worried about their
parents’ health, and other folks because their doctors have told
them to quit smoking, and some principally for health purposes.

I think basically people attend Five-Day Plans because of their
desire to quit smoking. They desire to quit for a variety of reasons,
the principal one of which I think is better health. There are,
however, some people; and, by the way, our success with this second
group is much greater, who desire to quit smoking because they
realize that smoking is a form of slavery and they are basically
bent on attaining their own individual freedom. As I commented a
moment ago, I think these people are the people who have the greatest
success in the clinic.

159

Because they have a desire to step smoking. Some attend through
curiosity and some to encourage others.

Physicians

an.

PeOple listening to all the radio and TV facts and figures on
the dangerous effects of smoking are really quite worried, and
want to give up the habit. Perhaps they have tried and tried
many times, and failed on their own, so they are coming for
definitive help. .

I think it has a big reputation and much word-of—mouth
advertising. People who have tried everything to quit smoking
and never succeeded, say they'll try this. .After the first night
they just go on.

Hopefully the desire is to find in this some magical formula
that heretofore they hadn't been able to find to help them stop
smoking.

Some of them attend out of curiosity; most attend because they
are interested in wanting to quit, and now that someone is willing
to help them they want to quit. Some who attend are not smokers,
but come to encourage someone else to quit.

WHAT IS THE REACTION OF INDIVIIIJAIS WHO ATTEND THE FIVE-DAY PLAN
THE FTRST’NIGHT?

The respondents indicate that the reaction of the audience the

first night is different from that of the average audience. They state:

Ministers or Psychologists

Some are edgy, not sure of the approach and their ability to do
what is required.

They are a little apprehensive. When they go out,they are not
sure they are going to succeed, but most of them are pretty well
determined they will succeed. After a couple of nights, as they
see others who are succeeding, they develop even more determination.

It depends on what film is shown; there is a certain shock--
I think the first time they are given a shot in the arm that they
can do this thing and that they can prove to themselves that they
are captains of their own fate.

A little apprehensive, that's for sure, the first night or two.
By the second or third night, the ice is all broken;and they have
all warmed up. You have your audience eating right out of the
palm of your hand.

160.

I don’t know how to generalize on the reaction of the people
who attend the first night; it would seem to me that their reaction
must be good because they came back. By and large, our attendance
does not drop off to an appreciable extent after the first night.

Physicians

 

#5.

Skeptical, for the most part.

I think people the first night are generally a bit suspicious.
They wonder if they will succeed and if this is any different from
anything else, or how this is going to work. Is this for real?

They are a little apprehensive and unsure of themselves. By
the end of the first evening they are quite relaxed, will ask

questions and seem quite interested in the program. They want
to participate in any suggestions made.

HOW LONG DOES 11' me '10 asmusu CONFIDENCE IN YOU AND THE
'“PIIN”?

The response to this question is some indication of the team

members' awareness of the audience feed-back. There is a number of

variables that would affect the length of time such as the advertising

approach, their knowledge of former plans and team members, etc. The

team members state:

Ministers or Psychologists

I think probably it takes about three nights to establish a
feeling of what I call “groupiness"-;a failing that these people
and the physician and I are working together on a problem that is
important to them and important to us. Therefore,they need to
spend some time getting help from it.

Fbr the most part in one night, but by the end of the second
night I don’t think there is much question about the confidence.

Not long. I think that a leader that comes from an educational
center has an advantage over a leader who comes from a church center.
I think that I could represent . . . University better than the
pastor of the Seventh-Day Adventist church could do it.

I don't think that it takes very long. I think that most folks
gain confidence in us,and this is one reason why they attend quite

161

well. we do not have them fill out the statistical sheets the
first or second night. ‘we feel this is putting them on the spot
and that some of them may not desire to fill out a sheet. We
feel that we are not embarrassing them, that they do not think

that‘we are getting this information perhaps with an ulterior
motive .

Physicians

46.

I think that the first night they can see that you have a
tremendous program going; and usually just within one or two

. nights, they gain confidence in the pastor as well as the

physician.

I would say most of them feel confident by the end of the
first night; some of them may be the second night.

Actually, perhaps after the movie and after the first meeting.
By the second night I feel as though most of them believe we are
there to help them.

The third day I think. About that time they begin to see that
maybe they are going to make it.

WHICH FILM GETS THE MOST'RESPONSE FROM THE AUDIENCE?

The intent of this question is to discover which film has

the greatest impact on the audience.

Ministers or Psychologists

Probably that opening film that we generally used in our film
series was the "One in Twenty Thousand". I still like this film
better than the new one that is out, even though it is outdated.

I suspect that the best response that we get is to the film
"One in Thenty Thousand". Incidentally I wish that the denomination
would update "One in Twenty Thousand" as far as content materials,
and statistics are conderned, and I do not think that "Countdown"
is the answer. The acting in "Countdown" is particularly abominable
and is basically rejected by audiences, I feel.

"One in Twenty Thousand."

well, I think this one "Time Pulls the Trigger" is real good.
New there is a new one, "Countdown" that we have used in the last
two clinics that we feel is a good one.

162

"One in Twenty Thousand" has gotten much response. I don’t
think "Countdown" has quite the impact, but it has done very well.

Physicians

 

I think the "One in Twenty Thousand" and "Time Pulls the Trigger"
are good ones.

The operation films . . . "One in Twenty Thousand" and "Countdown".
I don't know. I usually came in after the film.
We used to start with "One in Twenty Thousand", but now we've

gone to "Countdown". Then the next one I like is "Time Pulls the
Trigger", which I think is my favorite.

Fbllow-up Meeting:

1&7. no YOU CONWCT FOLIDW-UP MEETINCS AFTER THE ”PIAN" IS COMPIETED?
The follow-up meeting usually is a weak link in the program,
perhaps because of the lack of time the team has to devote to the
"Plan" and the lack of response from the audience. At the present
time McFarland is giving attention to this problem, hoping to find

a solution.

Ministers or Psychologists

Fbllow-up meetings after the plan have not been a satisfactory
part of our operation. we usually schedule one follow-up meeting,
and this is attended by those who wish to come but it has not
been very satisfactory.

Yes, always have.

When possible, I think it is very desirable, once a week for two
or three weeks.

Yes. This is the weakness; we have follow-up, but we have only
one or two meetings, but to follow-up all the way through consistently,
we haven't done that. That's one weakness of the plan.

YES.

163

Physicians
We've done one or two follow-up meetings.
I did on one occasion.
I don't, but we should.

Yes, I think this is really important. More so now than we
did to begin with. We try to have at least two follow-up programs.

h8. HOW MANY DAYS OR WEEKS‘AFTER THE CLINIC IS CONDUCTED DO YOU HAVE
THESE MEETINGS?

Ministers or Psychologists

Just a week after the clinic, and then the next follow-up meeting
about a month after that.

The one follow-up meeting that we do conduct is usually con-
ducted the week following a clinic.

All the way from two weeks to a month. I have done it a couple
of times.

About once a week, the next Wednesday, Thursday,or Friday.

Yes, then another in about two weeks, but I must admit this is
a real weakness; I wish we could do something more consistent.

Physicians

we try to have a meeting one week after the program so we don’t
lose the people, and then two weeks after that.

I think they should. I think if we have time to follow-up,we
should do so once a week or once a month anyway. ‘We have a
tendency to fall off after the first month. People have either
succeeded or they don't need the daily reinforcement, and they
have either succeeded or they have gone back, in which case they
don't feel a need.

The first one, four or five days after the last meeting, and
then a second one, a week following that.

About four weeks.

We have had follow-up meetings a month later or six weeks later,
but I have never had the opportunity of going to the follow-up
meeting because they invariably call it for a Thursday night,when
I am on call.

16W

49. DO YOU VISIT OR HAVE PERSONAL APPOINTMENTS WITH ANY OF THE PARTICIPANTS?
Both minister and physician team members are aware of the fact

that the "Plan" was originated to be a community service and not a

device to indoctrinate the audience in their personal faith or to

augment their practice. However, if there are requests for religious

instruction to be given privately or medical counsel is requested

from one who does not have a physician, no ethical considerations

are violated. The respondents reply:

Ministers or Psychologists

No, I have not. ‘We have contacted them by telephone in some
cases,and we have also sent them literature. But in general we
do not make further contacts with them except as they contact us.

Yes, of course.

I have stayed away from that; I haven't had any particular
requests. I try to help them there but not beyond that.

Yes, I have upon their request.

NO.

Physicians

I frequently have telephone calls from some of them like the
bank executive that called me several times: he definitely had
problems, but I try to refer them to their own physician.

No:

We don't encourage anyone to leave his own family physician.
Those of my patients who attend the program, we'd naturally follow-
up, but we don’t encourage anyone to come and see us.

They frequently call re.

I've had some persoanl contacts with people later who have
had problems or special questions.

165

Advertising

 

so. DOES ms FIVE-DAY PLAN REQUIRE A DIFFERENT ms or ADVERTISING
InDnv1nnaunnnsmnr'IIFso"wnt7

Most of the respondents are familiar with the type of advertising
done for evangelistic meetings. The intent of this question is to
discover if a different type is needed to advertise the "Plan" and

why it is required.

Ministers or Psychologists

Yes, I don’t believe the advertising for the Five-Day Plan has
to be as elaborate as in evangelism, especially if the Plan has
been conducted in the area before.

I'm not sure on the requirements. My experience with the
advertising is primarily free newspaper releases. Most of the
editors, especially of the weeklies,are inclined to work this out.

Yes. Because evangelism deals primarily with the world events
with which we live, the application of Bible truths to the times
in which we live. All anybody has is today and his ability with
his body to meet today. This is what you are dealing‘with when
you are dealing with the Five-Day Plan.

Well, as to advertising, of course, I feel that we ought to be
able to get free advertising. We are getting free opportunities
on television and various media.

Our advertising has not been particularly successfulso I don’t
know. I can't comment on what kinds or types of advertising might
be appropriate.

Physicians

I think in that the "Plan" is a public and not a religious
service and is helpful to the public, most of our advertising
should be donated. we have not paid for any TV or radio time.

Yes. I feel as though you have to hit at the basic need of
the individual. They‘ve already felt this need. Now you have to give
them a solution, and you have to make it attractive enough, appealing
enough, and show that it’s a tried thing-~something that is sure,

something that is going to help them, a personal appeal to kick the
hab it s

166

We have not had an advertisement per se in the paper, but
mainly articles stating there was going to be a Five-Day Plan.
We have had announcements over the radio and on television about
it. Most of the evangelistic meetings have an advertisement in
the paper, but not too much on radio and television.

I don't know what evangelistic meetings require. As far as
I’m concerned,the Five-Day Plan only needs to be advertised and
the problem is how best to get it before the public.

51. HOW DID YOU DEVELOP AN ADVERTISIm APPROAGI? FROM WHOM?
The advertising approach used by the respondents was no

different from the methods prescribed by Fblkenberg and McFarland.

Ministers or ngchologists

My means of advertising was to just go to the press and ask
them what we could do to get this advertising. I showed them
the clippings from former meetings that we conducted and told
them what our desire was and asked whether there was any reporter
that wanted to give up smoking and would like to come to the
program and report on it. I told them, of course, that everything
depended on our advertising and that we would appreciate all that
they could give us. Most of them were very friendly and did a
fine job of presenting the "Plan" in the papers.

we started out before the department had prepared posters.
I used local student artists in some of the poster work that we
did.

I usually write up a release including some of these materials
and adapt a local aspect to the program and if possible,get the
editor himself. I ask him, after pointing out the benefits, if
he will cooperate with us. Most editors have been very cooperative.

We went pretty closely by Fblkenberg and McFarland. For one
reason, I was with them when they originated the "Plan”.

The advertising has been developed in the way of stories, in
the way of paid advertising in the newspapen,and in this type of
thing. ‘We find our very best advertising is an announcement of the
time and place in the newspaper and the contacting of people who
have been in previous clinics. They serve as evangelists for
Five-Day Plans among their friends.

167

Physicians

 

Most of it, the posters and such, we got from the Five-Day Plan
that had already been prepared. I made some personal contacts
with some of the members of the press, who took pictures of us
and wrote an article for the paper.

In the cities, radio and television stations will frequently
give you public service time and that's a very good method; news-
papers; another good way, is through cooperation from schools that
send notices home with all the kids. That’s not a bad way to get
the message out to the homes. You don't have to distribute them;
kids will take them home with them.

Usually it is written articles that are published free by the
newspaper. We try to get at least three or four articles in the
daily newspaper before the program, and then we get spot advertising
on radio that doesn't cost us anything. Also we have been on TV
many times, so really we spend very very little. We have put out
handbills but found that this isn't successful. We also work with
the local physicians and give direct verbal invitations to those
patients who have emphysema, heart disease, etc. to come. I think
this personal contact is great.

52. HAS YOUR BASIC‘ADVERTISING APPROACH CHANGED SINCE YOU BEGAN IflE
VE-DAY PLAN?

.According to the six respondents to this question,their basic
methods of advertising has changed very little. All of the advertising
that is done by these teams is within the scope of advertising

advocated by Fblkenberg and McFarland.

Ministers or Psychologists

 

No, it hasn’t except for the fact that we could show the editors
what we ourselves had done rather than the clippings we used at first
from the General Conference showing how the program was advertised
in other papers where Folkenberg and McFarland conducted it.

When I first started the "Plan? a teacher and I took it on the
understanding that all the arrangements for the hall and for the
advertising be made. As time went on,I had to take more of an
interest in the advertising and not without reason.

Wellywe did include radio spot announcements after our fnrst
clinic. Once we had our first one,we got a news reporter there;
and he was there every single day and wrote up a report. Then,

 

168

of course, the radio and television wanted to get in on it. The
television station called my home and wanted to know if they could
send technicians over and interview me in my home.

In the last two years in working‘with the Cancer Society,l'm
not doing the advertising. They are principally setting up the
publicity,and they have professional public relations people in
their organization. Prior to that time, in the "Plans" I have
conducted, I haven’t changed much; I found it seemed to be quite
effective. Three years ago last fall,we had 150 people in our "Plan"
from an editorial type release in a couple of the local papers.

We are relying much more on participants in previous clinics and

much less on radio, television, and newspaper-paid announcement.
Physicians

Yes, we've learned from experience but feel we would get more
attendance if we did better on the advertising. We still don't
use the proper method of advertising.

No, except we discovered that you need a lot of advertising and
that's the most important thing you can do to make it a success. No
matter how much advertising you do, someone will call you the next
day and say "When is your next Five-Day Plan?".

53. WHAT IS YOUR CHIEF ADVERTISING METHOD OR MEDIUM mm
The majority of the respondents indicated that their chief

medium of advertising now is the newspaper. They attest:

Ministers or Psychologists

Well, the biggest amount of publicity we receive is from the
newspapers.

Newspapers.
Newspaper, poster, and personal letter.

Basically,our chief advertising at the present time has to do
with people who have previously been in clinics.

Our Adventist people are really enthused about this. They all
have friends and relatives that they want to see stop smoking, and
they give them a brochure and tell them about the plan. I think
maybe this would be first, and the newspaper second.

169

Physicians

 

I think radio, newspaper, TV are all fine.

Newspaper, television, and radio.

Word of mouth, people who have contacted us for our next program;
then we have radio and newspaper.

I think the daily newspaper.

I suppose television.

Evaluation

 

54. HOW DO YOU JUDGE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF'THE FIVE-DAY PLAN?

The answers given by the nine respondents to this question vary,
but the majority of the team members look to the statistical sheets
and the response on the closing night as the major method of evaluation.

They attest :

Ministers or Psychologists

 

There are several ways to judge the effectiveness of the Five-
day Plan. We gather the statistical data the first and the last
nightrand, of course, this gives us a quick reading. We also have
an informal type of feed-back from the community of the successes
that are there and although these are not very objective and could
not be in any way called hard data, they are, I think, a pretty
good judge of the effectiveness of the "Plan".

I think it's very effective. The attitude of the individuals
who participate has been expressed principally on the final night.

I feel that it is the best plan that there is for the getting
folks to stop smoking. For public relations it is a very good plan.
We have helped folks who were not Seventh-day Adventists or people
‘who lived close to the church. This contact helped them to come
into the church.

By the response on the closing night through the statistical
sheet and by the oral response of the audience.

The way I judge is by people that will see me and will say,
"I know who you are." My wife attended your Five-Day Plan or some
other reference to the fact.

170

Physicians
We‘ve had follow-ups. I mean follow-up questionnaires.

Well, by the progress the people make during the clinic and
by the people who attend the six-months' follow-up.

I think it is tremendous; our success has been from 60-90%
effective after five days, and the one program of approximately
100 people that we followed up six months later. Of those that
had given the habit up, at least half of them were not smoking.

Its effectiveness depends on the way it's presented, where it's
presented, the people who have been drawn to it. I can't say
exactly what percent of success we have had because I haven't
gone to the following programs. But we've had very good success
especially from smaller groups. It's very effective. If it weren't,
I would quit having any part of it.

55. WOULD YOU mNUJCT A FIVE-DAY PLAN PROGRAM IN ALDTHER AREA IF
7"

 

The ten team members responded favorably to conducting the
plan if they were transferred. Some of these responses were much

more enthusiastic than others.

Ministers or Psychologists

Yes, I would feel the same desire to continue in Five-Day programs
in another area if I were transferred.

Oh, I sure would.
Oh, yes.
Definitely.

Yes, I would.

Physicians
Yes, I think I would.
Definitely.
I probably would.

Possibly.

171

Like I said, I waited until they pressured me.

'55. IDES THE FIVE-DAY PLAN APPEAR TO BE WORTH THE COST AND EFIDRT

 

All of the team members believed that the clinic was worth

the cost and effort involved in conducting it. They state:

Ministers and Psychologists

Oh yes, I think it’s the greatest public relations program
that we have in the denomination. I think it is one of the most
satisfying programs as far as the minister's reaction is concerned.
He is just so thrilled with the response of these individuals and
the type of people that he meets.

I would say that it is worth the cost and effort involved.

I think it is one of the most rewarding experiences. I don't
think the question of cost enters into it. It is no problem raising
funds for a Five—Day Plan. The church will support you. The people
who come will give although we never took an offering. But I'll
tell you by the time it was over, people would take $5 or $10 in
their hand and say "thank you."

Yes, definitely.

The costs are minimal, the efforts are certainly worthwhile;and
I would consider the answer "yes."

Physicians
Very much so.
Yes.
I think 80.
Oh, yes.
If I thought it wasn't worth the effort,I wouldn’t have entered

into the program.

57. CAN THE FIVE-DAY PLAN BE USED BY ITSELF TO CREATE INTEREST'IN YOUR
UHURW ?

 

172

The intent of this question is to discover the belief of the
team members in whether or not there is any evangelistic value in
conducting the "Plan". The majority of the members believe that
the "Plan? could create interest in,theuchurch or place the church

in a more acceptable position in the community.

Ministers or Psychologists

I think that the Five-Day Plan can be used to create interest
in the church, if by interest in the church we mean interest in
the community relationships of the church or inter-relationships
of the church and the community. I think that this can be used.
I, frankly, do not think the Five-Day Plan is the most effective
way to recruit people for evangelistic meetings. I can think of
a half dozen other ways that might be a better expenditure of the
churches’ time and money if this were the objective of the Five-
my Plans

Yes, I think that they gain confidence in us,and some of these
folks we can reach again with advertisings of our meetings. However,
I would let some time elapse between. The fact that we are con-
ducting this meeting helps them to know who we are. This could help
encourage folks to attend the evangelistic meetings.

Very definitely. If this is the goal to get these people
baptized, I surely would never let it be known.

Yes, I do.

Physicians

I wouldn't say it's a prime means of creating interest directly
in the church. It does to a certain extent, but not directly.

Oh, definitely so, yes.

That was specifically the reason they had this meeting. It was
at the beginning of a series of meetings that he had the Five-Day
Plan,and that's the way he wanted it.

I think so. I don’t think you can teach doctrine, but I think
you can show that it is a community service sponsored by the Seventh-
day Adventist Church with an interest in the people’s health and to
let them know Seventh-day.Adventists have this interest, and this
way opens the way for further contact.

173

I don't think a great many people will come to church because
of it. Frequently people will say they will, but they don't. I
assume they are willing but just never get around to it. I think
they would more readily come to the church because of the "Plan"
than they would otherwise. Quite a few people ask the pastor
where our church is, but they don’t show up.

58. DO YOU HAVE nus GOAL IN MIND WHEN YOU CONDUCT ms FIVE-DAY
PEN?

The team members were divided on this question. Some members
believe the goal is to create interest in the church; Others believe

that the major goal is to render service to the community.

Ministers or Psychologists

NO, we do not, at least, I haven't. I do have the goal Of
public relations. When the "Plan" is advertised in the paper or
in the community, people get to know us; and we trust they will
have a more friendly attitude toward the church and to those
coming to the meetings.

Absolutely. I see those people coming to Sabbath School and
church.

Well, you do. I think we always have something like that in
mind. You know a preacher is just built that way. Although they
have told us not to have this in mind, we can't take that our of
our mind. It's just impossible.

Presently this is not the principal purpose, I think it is
to create a good image of Seventh-Day Adventists in the community
and to help the public to ways of better health.

This goal is not particularly in my mind when I conduct the
Five-Day Plan. I feel,rather,that the community service is there,
and that interest in church membership, if this is what is intended,
can better be secured in other ways.

Physicians

No.

I would say it is one of the strongholds.

S9.

174

First Of all,it is to help people give up the tobacco habit;
and if in so doing, they have questions or interests in the church,
we will then answer these questions. But we have no specific
program which leads them from the Five-Day Plan into a Bible
study program that leads them into this church.

But when you speak denominationally I haven't entered into it
with that program specifically, I don’t think we should try to
evangelize anyone just because we get them to stop smoking. IPBI_.
will throw a damper on the program faster than anything else. Regard-
‘Ihg your next program, when the word gets around, they will say "huh."

WHAT PLANS DO YOU HAVE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ms FIVE-DA};
"PLAN‘T

One of the main purposes Of this question and question number 60

is to endeavor to discover new ideas or approaches in conducting the

"Plan" in a more successful way with greater outreach. The responses

are as follows:

Ministers or Psychologists

 

We intend to continue to conduct Five-Day Plans,and it is my
hope that we can work with a greater number of teams from our church
so that the Five-Day Plans can'be conducted more frequently than it
is possible for Dr. . . . and me to do.

I’m not in a position at this time to make this extended program
of development. I am willing and happy to work with this,and
definitely I want to do this several times each year.

I would like to get somebody into my department that would
free my hands, so that I could take more than a couple a year.

I do not have any particular plans, but will use it as we are
able to in the future.

Develop a program that moves into other areas Of health practices
following the Five-Day Plan.

Physicians

Try to get a few more demonstrations in the meetings, to impress
people with the harmful effects Of tobacco like the mechanical
smoker, various pictures, surgical specimens,or autopsy specimens.

175

Do a"vital capacity"on individuals and tell them this would be
calculated and given back to them on the last night Of the program.
This would give them an interest in coming back the last night and
possibly all the nights up until then. It doesn't cost very much
to perform this test, and they're interested in their lungs anyway,
especially if they’re smokers. Emphysema and such things are
prevalent among smokers. Getting tests that will possibly cost
$5 or $6 for nothing would be an encouragement for them to come
back.

We are going to have five half-hour programs on television this
summer. It's sort of a modified five-Day Plan.

Yes, I would like to get into our public school. Just the lack
of time, but I think that we could have held one in their assembly
program Monday through Friday. I would like to get into Oldsmobile
in Lansing to meet with the executives during the noon luncheon
hour as Fblkenberg and McFarland have done on the East Coast. We
are starting two weeks from this morning,a Five-Day TV program for
ten minutes a morning on the Martha Dixon show in Lansing,which is
valuable time. The program will feature the Pastor and me.

60. ARE THERE ANY NEW APPROACHES THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO TRY?

Ministers or Psychologists

There are two or three new approaches that I would like to try,
although I don’t know that we are going to be able to do so. I
would like to try group therapy, labelled as such and conducted by
a competent psycho-therapist,in using some Of the ideas of the
Five-Day Plan but incorporating them in a group-therapy type of
setting.

Yes. I would like to get students on the team.

I would go in for dialog with students. I would zero in on the
peoples' interest on drugs,and then I would transfer this interest
to drugs to show how it is that young people get started on these
drugs. Because they get a habit pattern started and depend on
tobacco, coffee, and alcohol. Then they go into drugs.

Not outside of improving the visual aids such as using black
light.

As for the smoking c1inic,I think that this is accomplishing
what we set out to do.

176

Physicians

 

No, it is well accepted and effective.

No, I can't think of any. I'm busy enough with this. It is
a well-worked program,and I can't see adding to or subtracting
from it very much.

Not at this point.
NO.

The program has stood up through a lot Of experience already;
and it has worked out very, very well.

61. DO YOU KNOW OF THE NATURE OF OTHER WITHDRAWAL CLINICS? IF so;
WHA—_T——_IS YO" 'u"""""R EVE-Tm O'N' '?""' 00‘ 'MP' 'AR' I: AND CONTRAS '1' mm WI 111 The
M.

The majority of the respondents were not acquainted with other
clinics to the degree that would qualify them to compare, contrast,
and evalute these programs with the Five-Day Plan. The ministers

and physicians Offered these comments:

Ministers or Psychologists
I'm not tOO well-informed on that.

Not directly, no first-hand information. I've had others tell
me. We had one man who had tried several different plans including

hypnotism on a twenty-one day withdrawal plan,and he said they didn't
succeed and ours did.

I am aware of the nature of the materials and procedures of other
‘withdrawal clinics. With some of them I am fairly comfortable: with
others I think that they are a "bunch of hOkum" and I am not very
happy with them. For example, the materials used in Cinenon and
‘with the wethedyl treatments for withdrawal from drugs are, I think,
hoaxes. I think they simply substitute one psychological or
physiological crutch for another, and I do not think that this is
an appropriate procedure to be used in smoking clinics. On the
other hand,I think that some of the principles used in Alcoholics
.Anonymous are used in the Five-Day Plan;and certainly I think since
I have started conducting Five-Day Plans,I have used some AA
material. I would think that this would be a type Of clinic to
which we could subscribe.

177

NO. We have not actually attended them, and so we do not
know very much about them. We have read that their withdrawal
effectiveness was not as good as we feel the Five-Day Plan is.
So we have stuck with the "Plan”.

NO.

Phys ic ians

I wouldn't say I know Of any other than the Michigan Cancer
clinic. They have conducted their own but have left out the
spiritual aspect. .Also,their diet is helpful to those who are
giving up tobacco.

Yes, there have been advertisements about this withdrawal clinic
which is probably the main nonquventist program which originated
in Lansing financed by the various groups in Lansing and an internist
Dr. . . . runs it at . . . Hospital and they probably have anywhere
from five to fifteen people attend their clinic every month or two.
I think that we have very good public relations set up with the
Five-Day Plan. Actually this nonquventist clinic at . . . Hospital
was financedzand they used our materials that came to the Conference
Office in Lansing and took our films, rented them, projected them and
copied down facts and figures and made up their own program, which
is very much like ours except they don't use the minister. They
haven't accepted that aspect of it;and they meet Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday for a longer period of time. This would be the only
thing in my mind. I have*wondered,perhaps,whether a program like
this might possibly be better;hut I really think keeping their
interest and carrying them right through the withdrawal clinic
still is the best way. Five nights in a row. .And then a few
follow-up meetings which the pastor himself could do.

Yes, there are several other different methods.

let's face it, all clinics have a tremendous fall-Off rate,
because the habit is so terribly addictive. I don’t think there
are any others more successful than ours. I think one of the reasons
is that our programs are mostly free;and this, in itself, is a
service. '

They leave coffee in the diet,and I think it's best not to use
it. They have bacon and certain meat items,which I think are best
avoided the first two days. They don‘t bring in the spiritual at
all.

CHAPTER VI
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

In 1959 two men, Elman Folkenberg and J. Wayne McFarland, original-
ly from California, were brought together by circumstances in Massachu-
setts as employees Of the Atlantic Uhion Conference of Seventh-day
Adventists. For many years Fblkenberg, a minister, and McFarland, a
physician, were possessed with the desire to help free people who were
bound by the tobacco habit.

McFarland, upon graduating from medical school at Loma Linda
university, was asked to join the medical school as a teacher in the
department Of therapeutics. In 1941, he was given a fellowship at Mayo
Clinic, where he studied in the field of physical medicine and rehabili-
tation. While he was there, he became interested in peripheral vascular
disease and in the work Of Dr. Trace Roth on skin temperature and smoking.
On returning to the west Cbast to become a full-time teacher at Loma
Linda University, he spent much of his time working in vascular disease
and poliomyelitis. In l9h2 McFarland began a program-~1argely on a
patient to patient basis--for the tobacco users in the vascular clinic.

The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists invited McFarland

to become editor Of Life and Health magazine; and from that time on, the

 

field Of preventive medicine absorbed more and more Of his time. In 1958
he was asked to go to Battle Creek, Michigan, and help in the physical
medicine and health education activities of the famous Battle Creek

Sanitarium. There he started a series Of lectures in physical fitness

178

179

among patients and executives. One of the first stages in his program

was tO help smokers break the smoking habit. From Battle creek, McFarland
went to New York City for post graduate work in the field of physical
medicine and rehabilitation. Here he experimented with a smoking clinic
and developed a series of ten lectures to help the smoker break the habit.

During the years that McFarland was developing his anti-smoking
clinics in Battle Creek and New York City, Elmon Folkenberg, A Seventh-
day Adventist evangelist, was conducting evangelistic meetings in the New
Gallery Centre, London, England. Through denominational employment these
men were acquainted with each other's interest and corresponded regarding
medical missionary work.

In London, Fblkenberg came face to face with the tobacco problem
in a new way. While conducting meetings in the Centre, he augmented his
lectures with the anti-smoking film, One in TWenty Thousand, the first
major plan Of its kind to portray the relationship Of smoking to lung
cancer. From 1955 to 1959 some three hundred thousand Britishers, in-
cluding medical authorities and members Of Parliament, viewed this film,
which features the world-renowned lung surgeon, Dr. Alton Ochsner of New
Orleans, removing a cancerous lung from a heavy smoker.

After seeing thousands of the smokers go out from the showing Of
the film, worried, afraid, and sick, Folkenberg determined that on his
return to the States he would formulate some kind Of program to help
such persons as these break the habit. After returning to the United
States in 1959, he called a panel Of psychiatrists, physiologists,
dietitians, and clergyman to obtain views from a wide spectrum in

order to define the problem Of smoking and to suggest what could be

180

done about it. From the findings of this panel he began to collate
the material and put it together in written form.

‘After working in New York City as speaker of the New York Seventh-
day Adventist Evangelistic Center for approximately a year, Folkenberg
was invited to become the evangelist of the Southern New England Conference.
At this time, McFarland was located in New England heading up the medical
work for the Adventists. Folkenberg’s move to the same locality as the
doctor's was the fortuitous circumstance that brought the two men to-
gether and resulted in their working as a team.

Their program was initiated as a consecutive, ten-day program.
However, Fblkenberg soon concluded that ten days were much too long;
and they tried three days but soon discarded this plan as inadequate.
Finally, they concluded that in five days they could get the concept
across that would teach the smoker to manage the problem.

Folkenberg and McFarland prepared their lectures and some mimeo-
graphed materials which, revised, became the daily control booklet used
in the "Plan." In 1961 they chose Taunton, Massachusetts, for implementing
their first plan.

During the first year of the development of the Five-Day Plan,
pilot programs were held; but the number participating was very small.
The team was having difficulty getting its "Plan" before the masses until
a lady who was editor of a small newspaper in New Hampshire made daily
reports of one of the team clinics. The news of the successful "Plan"
spread rapidly, and soon the door was open for their program to be pro-
moted by the major news media.

McFarland and Folkenberg kept statistical records of the early

clinics conducted. They discovered that if their program was closely

181

followed, 70-75 per cent of the participants had not smoked by the
fifth night and did not feel that they needed to again, provided they
avoided the stimulations that induced their smoking in the beginning.
The percentage of success rose with experimentationand revision.

The methodology and results of the “planurto stop smoking was
presented at the San Francisco General Conference Session of Seventh-day
Adventists in July, 1962. Soon thereafter, the denomination sponsored a
series of pilot training programs whihh were conducted in every major
part of the United States and Canada to train minister-doctor teams to
carry on the "Plan" in their local area.

In Ebbruary, 1963, the pilot "Plan" was conducted in Denver,
Colorado, with approximately 600 in attendance. The pilot "Plans"
held on the campus of the University of Maryland and at Hunter College
in New York drew a large response in attendance by the public and in
notice by the news media. The program sparked more than adequate

coverage from the Washington Daily News, Washington Star, U.S. News and

 

 

World Report, 2322, Pageant, and both radio and television.

The upshot of the tremendous impacts made by the "Plan" on the
public in helping many persons overcome the smoking habit was that
certain resolutions were made by the General Conference of Seventh-day
Adventists to give support and guidance to the project which has become
an international program.

Folkenberg and Mthrland formulated a theory, that, if practiced,
has proved to be very successful in helping individuals to overcome the
tobacco habit. Their theory calls for teamwork by the minister and

physician in lecturing on the psychological and physiciogical aspects

182

of breaking the habit, choosing an adequate place to conduct the "Plan,"
selecting precise methods of advertising, creating the proper atmosphere
for the clinic, registration for the "Plan," the use of visual aids in
the lectures, presenting the lectures, the use of the control booklet,
the use of group dynamics and the buddy system, the scheduling of
follow-up meetings, and the use of prayer in the "Plan." If the
rhetorical theory prescribed by Folkenberg and McFarland has been
practiced by the team conducting the clinic, by the fifth night--
decision night-~from 70-90 per cent of the participants have given up
the habit of smoking.

0n 1963 Chaplain Willis Graves, and pathologist Charles Dale,
both members of the staff of the Hinsdale Sanitarium and Hospital, were
delegates from the Lake Uhion Conference of Seventh-day.Adventists to
a pilot Five-Day Plan held in Denver, Cblorado. Graves, who had
worked with Folkenberg and McFarland in Thunton, Massachusetts, when
the first clinic was conducted, was so thrilled by the response of
the nearly 600 participants that he went back to Hinsdale determined
to do something in the Chicago area. During the next month, he and
Dr. Dale conducted their first plan in Tupper Hall on the Hinsdale
Hospital grounds. From March to December of that year, Chaplain
Graves and Dr. Dale conducted five clinics in Hinsdale with a total
attendance of about 350 people.

Early in l96h, following the Surgeon General's report of January
11, interest in the stop-smoking clinic began to increase. The Illinois
Youth Commission secured the aid of the Hinsdale team to conduct the

first-in-the-nation experiment banning cigarettes among thousands of

183

teenagers. Clinics conducted at the Chicago Teachers College in Chicago
and the Jefferson School in Niles, Illinois, raised the success rate
above 80 per cent.

The "Plan" conducted by the Hinsdale team continued to enjoy
success and popularity; invitations came from surrounding cities and
states for the clinic. The attendance rose from 30, in the early
clinics, to 300 to 600. The news media gave excellent coverage and
publicity to their clinics. The National Broadcasting Cbmpany and
Columbia Broadcasting System television were alerted to the development
of the Hinsdale ”Plan." Interviews followed; and clinics were taped
for local use and for showing in New York, washington, D.C., Cfleveland,
Ohio and Los Angeles, California.

The principles of effective communication prescribed by Folkenberg
and McFarland are closely followed by the Hinsdale team. As the result
of their experience in conducting the plan, some additions have been
made to the original program to enhance its effectiveness. Family
night, the annual alumni banquet, the ex-smokers club, smoker's dial,
and the public conversation via telephone with internationally known
authorities on the effects of smoking help to createand maintain
interest in the program of breaking the tobacco habit.

On June 23, 1963, Fblkenberg and McFarland conducted Battle
Creek, Michigan’s, first Five-Day Plan with ##2 persons in attendance.
The clinic, sponsored by the Battle creek Health Center (Sanitarium)
convened at the Northwestern Junior High School Auditorium. This first
clinic was for others besides the smokers of the Battle creek area.

Pastors and physicians from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan observed

184

the team in action. Daily training meetings were held at the Health
Center under the tutelage of Folkenberg and McFarland to prepare the
minister-doctor teams for conducting clinics in their home localities.

Following the Folkenberg-McFarland clinic, Chaplain Thomas
Williams and Dr. J. D. Henriksen, both members of the staff at the
Battle Creek Health Center, held three clinics at the center, with
approximately 80 per cent of the participants giving up the habit.

The attendance at these clinics was relatively small compared
to the first "Plan" held in the area.

In June 1968, Harold Flynt became Chaplain of the Battle creek
Sanitarium and coordinator of the Five-Day Plan clinics. Flynt estab-
lished a program at the Center that included three Five-Day Plans each
year. In addition to these regular clinics which are held in the
evenings, Flynt also conducts a day program, Monday through Friday via
films made from a Folkenberg-McFarland Five-Day Plan. This day program
is conducted in the Center even if there is only one individual interested.

The Battle creek clinics are conducted in the parlor or Heritage
Room of the Sanitarium with an attendance of approximately forty-five to
fifty. The rooms are attractive, comfortable, and sufficient in size
for their needs. On May 24, 1970, a plan was conducted at the PeOple's
Savings and Loan Building in Urbandale, a suburb of Battle Creek, to
discover if the attendance would increase if it was not conducted in the
Sanitarium. There were forty-one in attendance. Usually the Battle
Creek clinics enjoy good news coverage, but the meetings are held without
a lot of fanfare. The sanitarium is well known for its promotion of
healthful living, and the "Plan" is just accepted as part of (matter of

fact) routine in the program.

185

The Battle Creek team follows the Folkenberg-McFarland theory in
conducting the "Plan," with emphasis on the presentation of the lectures
and the conducting of the group dynamics sessions.

During the first half of 1970, a forty-eight point questionnaire
and a sixty-one question personal interview instrument was administered
to five clinical teams in Michigan in order to determine their theory
and practice in conducting the Five-Day Plan. The basic findings were
as follows:

(1) The respondents, a majority of whom had previously
participated in various other types of community service, initiated
their own clinical program during the years of 1963 to 1965 with
"community service" as the primary objective. In practice they speak
from prepared notes, and according to the variance in their experience
from one clinic to another they alter arrangement of materials, style,
and delivery.

(2) A majority of respondents have conducted the plan in an
industrial-agricultural area, anticipated an adult audience, not
prepared their messages for a certain class of people, lectured for
twenty-minutes, used the Folkenberg—McFarland lectures, and used visual
aids with their lectures.

(3) A majority of respondents have followed the Eblkenberg-
McFarland format, alternated the sequence of the films, used literature
in the clinics, and obtained the literature from the Cancer Society,
Heart Association, and the American TEmperance Society.

(4) A majority of the respondents have followed the Folkenberg-

McParland practice of conducting discussion periods during the sessions,

186

invited other ministers and physicians to speak, and identified
themselves by name, profession, and church affiliation.

(S) A majority of the respondents have used the "stop smoking--
better health" appeal, but have not used gifts awards for attendance.

(6) A majority of the respondents have financed their program
through their local church congregations, who, they believed, were
favorable to the clinics, and have had associate workers to assist
them in conducting the clinic.

(7) A majority of the respondents have used tape recorders and
mimeograph equipment.

(8) A majority of the respondents believe that the attendance
was larger on Mondays, that more women attended than men, that 80
per cent of the registrants complete the series, that 95 per cent of
the registrants give their name and address, that 50 per cent of the
audience participates in the discussion, that the attitude of most
participants has been very favorable, that 70 to 85 per cent stopped
smoking by the fifth night, that church attendance has been encouraged
when an interest in religion has been shown.

(9) A majority of respondents have conducted follow-up meetings
one week after the clinic and believe that 20 to 50 per cent of the
participants in the "Plan” have attended the follow—up meeting.

(10) A majority of respondents have adapted their Five-Day Plan
advertising methods from Fblkenberg and McFarland, indicate that the
newspaper is the most effective media of advertising, indicate they
would continue to conduct if transferred to a new location, believe
the clinic to be worth the effort and expense involved, and have no

new approaches in mind for conducting the "Plan."

187

Conclusions

The success of Folkenberg's and McFarland's Five-Day Plan
appears to be due largely to the application of sound rhetorical
principles and communication skills. The entire speech situation--
time, place, occasion, audience, message, etc.,--is of concern, with
emphasis on the speaker, his message, and his leadership in group
dynamics.

The speaker's knowledge and understanding of the occasion
and purpose have a manifest influence on his advertising, his attempt
to create a proper atmosphere or setting, and his preparation for the
speaking occasion which seek to enhance the credibility of both the
speaker and the clinics. Experience has proven that the teams that win
the confidence of their audience by demonstrating that they are
knowledgeable; skillful in handling the lectures; are honest, sincere
and friendly; and are possessed by a deep desire to help the participants
will be successful in using the "Plan" as a tool to help individuals
overcome the tobacco habit.

It is the opinion of the researcher that the lectures developed
by Folkenberg and McFarland consist of materials--figures, opinions,
reasoning and facts--that are good in terms of both logical and
psychological adequacy, that they are germane to the message, and that
they appeal to the basic motives of the listeners. If these lectures--
often updated in terms of statistics, in personal illustrations, and in
adaptations for particular audiences--are not used entirely, they should
be used as models or guides in developing lectures that include the basic

health principles and are organized in an interesting manner.

188

The group dynamics period is a very important part of the with-
drawal clinic to help the participant in thinking through and talking
about the problems that he is coping with. This phase can and should be
more than a question-and-answer period. In clinics where the groups are
large they should be divided into small informal groups with leaders who
are alert, friendly, and skilled in oral communications. The leader
should have a clear understanding of the purpose of "group dynamics"
and promote the spirit of "togetherness" in those struggling with the
smoking habit. The group leader must be knowledgeable on the subject of
giving up tobacco and be able to answer the questions of the would-be-
non-smoker. Through the use of the control booklets and counseling
with veteran clinical team members, he can become informed on the
withdrawal symptons that the ex-smoker is experiencing.

Two weaknesses in the ”Plan" as practiced by the majority of the
clinical teams are evident in this study: Advertising and the follow-up
meetings. Few teams take advantage of all the news media and promotional
outlets that are available to them. Through the newspapers, television,
radio, civic clubs, hospitals, county medical associations, physicians
in private practice, Y.M.C.A., Y.W;C.A., posters, handbills, written
invitations, and Smokers Dial the public can be informed of forth-coming
clinics with little or no cost to the sponsors.

The participation in the first follow-up meeting after the clinic
terminates ranges from 20 to 50 per cent. It has not been determined
what percentage of the clinical participants do not attend because of
failure to stop smoking or because complete victory eliminates the need

to attend. It appears that the clinical teams should clearly define

189

the purpose, investigate the necessity of the follow-up program, and

develop an approach to endeavor to reach their goal.

Recommendations

The following recommendations for conducting a successful
Five-Day Plan are the outgrowth of the researcher's experience and
study of this topic:

.1. Time: Choose a time that is not interrupted by holidays
or does not occur immediately before holidays.

2. Place: A public building that will house the anticipated
audience, that is conveniently located, and that has ample parking is
the ideal meeting place.

3. Advertising: AAll of the local advertising media that are
available should be used. Civic clubs, medical associations, cancer and
heart foundations, the Y.M.C.A., Y.W.C.A., and like organizations should
be invited to promote and support the non-smoking clinic.

4. Message: The audience (age, occupation, education, religion,
etc.) should be kept in mind in the development or adaptation of the
clinical message. If the lectures developed by Folkenberg and McFarland
are not used, the speaker should make sure that the basic health
principles which they include are used in his lectures. visual aids
such as black-light, Smoking Sam, films, charts, specimens, and organs
are recommended to enhance communication.

5. Speakers and group dynamics leaders: The speaker and leader
should be a friendly, sincere, knowledgeable individual who has his

message well in hand and possesses a deep desire to help his audience.

190

6. Group dynamics: More time should be allotted for this part
of the clinical program. The group leader should be aware of the
characteristics of good group leadership and put into practice the
principles advocated in directing group discussion.

7. Literature: There should be an awareness of the abundance
of free literature available through the Heart Association, Cancer
Fbundation, T.B. Association, and like organizations. (For additional
literature and excellent publicity materials, the Hinsdale Sanitarium

and Hospital should be contacted).

Suggestions for Further Research

 

The following suggestions are recommended for further research:

1. A study to determine the effectiveness of a Five-Day Plan
conducted via television in Detroit, Michigan, by Arthur Weaver, M.D.

2. A study to determine the effectiveness of a Five-Day Plan
conducted via radio in L'Anse, Michigan, by Lenord Berline.

3. A study of the effectiveness of the Five-Day Plan wherein
different speakers participate each night.

a. A study to determine the effectiveness of the Five-Day Plan
conducted in an agricultural area in comparison to an industrial area.

5. A study to determine the effectiveness of Five-Day Plans in
the inner city.

6. A study to determine the response and results of the Five-Day
Plan conducted by a Ph.D. and M.D. in comparison to a Minister-Physician

team.

191

7. A study to determine the effectiveness of the Five-Day Plan
where lectures are omitted and the ninety-minute program consists

entirely of films and group dynamics.

Recommendations for the Seventh—day Adventist Denomination

 

1. Because of the prevalence of intemperance, the demand for
practical instruction in this area, and the interest it creates in
the church, it is recommended that each conference employ a full-
time Medical Health Secretary, preferably with ministerial-public-
health training to head the temperance department.

2. Because of the demands for the minister’s time and the need
to involve the layman in church and community activities, each minister
should train a capable layman to team up with the physician in

conducting the Five-Day Plan Clinics.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Published Volumes
Baird, A. Craig. ArgumentationI Discussion and Debate. New York,
Tbronto, Lon on: McGraw-H Boo Co., Inc., 50.
Brack, Harold A. and Hence, Kenneth G. Public Speaking and Discussion

for Religious leaders. Englewood Cl s, N.J.: Prentice-HalI
Inc., I931.

 

 

 

Hance, Kenneth G. and McBurney, James H. Discussion in Human Affairs.
New York: Harper & Bro., 1950.

 

Hance, Kenneth 6., Ralph, David C. and Wittsell, Milton J. Principles
of Speaking. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc.,
1 .

 

Seventh-day Adventist Encyclo dia. Washington, D.C.: Review and
Herald Publishing Co., I936.

White, Ellen G. Ministry of Healing. Mountain View, Chlifornia:
Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1909.

 

. Temperance. Mountain View, california: Pacific Press
Publishing Association, 1949.

 

 

Articles and Periodicals

Folkenberg, E. J. "Getting the Five-Day Plan Over in Detroit,"
Ministry, Vol. XXXIX, No. 8 (August, 1966), p. 23.

. "New Frontiers in Medical Evangelism," Ministry, Vol.
XXXV, No. 6 (June 1962), p. 28.

"The Power of Medical and Ministerial Endeavor," Ministry,
Special Report, April Supplement (April 1963), p. 6.

Irwin, Theodore, "The New Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking," Pageant,
(August, 1963), pp. 98-104.

McFarland, J. Whyne, "Medical and Ministerial Combination," Ministry,
Special Report, April Supplement, (April 1963), p. 7.

Spangler, J. R., "Organization of Five-Day Plan Program," Ministry,
XXXVI, No. 6 (June 1963), p. 7.

192

193
"Action by Hinsdale's Ex-Smokers Club Brings Large S-Day Plan

Thrnout," Tell (December 1967), p. 5.

"Battle Creek San Welcomes Three New Staff Members," Lake Union
Herald, Vol. LX, No. 24, (June 18, 1968), p. 10.

"Chicago Area Smoker's Dial Active," Lake Uhion Herald, Vol. LVII,
No. 13 (March 30, 1965), p. 3.

 

“Chicago Telecast Features Five-Day Plan," Lake union Herald,
Vol. LX, No. 32 (August 20, 1968), p. 6.

 

"Denver Five-Day Plan Draws Record Crowd," Tell, A Journal of
Seventh-day Adventist Public Relations, Washington, D.C.:
Washington College Press, March, 1963, Vol. 5, No. 3, p. 1.

"Divorcing Lady Nicotine," Newsweek, LX, No. 22 (Nevember 26, 1962),
p. 87.

"Ex-Smokers Don't Always Just the Away," Lake Union Herald,
Vol. LX, No. 8, (February 27, 1968), pp. 5,6.

 

"Five-Day Plan Draws National Interest," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LVI,
No. S (Fabruary 4, 1964), p. 1.

"Five-Day Plan for Smokers Rouses Washington Media," Tell, Vol. 15,
Nb. 4 (April 1963), p. 3.

"Five-Day Plan Has Excellent Thrn-Out," Lake Uhion Herald, Vol. LX,
No. 23 (June 11, 1968), p. 5.

 

"Five-Day Plan Interest," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LVI, No. 10
(March 10, 1964), pifih.

"Five-Day Plan pr Story of Year '69," Tell, Vol. 22, No. 2,
(February 3, 1970), p. 3.

"S-Day Plan Congress Held in Chicago," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LXI,
No. 19 (May 13, 1969), pp. 3,4.

 

"Hinsdale Five-Day Plan Team Aids in State's Experimental Cigarette
Ban," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LVI, No. 34 (September 1, 1964),
p. 1.

"Hinsdale San's Five-Day Plan Team Helps Launch Stop-Smoking Clinics
in Wisconsin,“ Lake union Herald, Vol. LX, No. 13 (April 2,
1968), p. 16.

"Kicking The Habit", Newsweek, LXXV, No. 9 (March 2, 1970), p. 83.

194

"Network News Carries Report on S-Day Plan," Tell, Vol. 16, No. 2
(February 1964), p. 1.

"No Smoking Clinic Tells How It's Done," Lake Union Herald, Vol. Lv,
No. 27 (July 16, 1963), p. 1.

 

"One Way to Stop Smoking," Time, LXXXI, No. 11 (March 16, 1963),
p. 72.

"This Is Our Reward," Lake Union Herald, Vol. LXI, No. 1, (January 7,
1969), p. 3.

 

NewspaEr

Swartz, Nancy. Enquirer and News, Battle Creek, Michigan,
May 25, 1970, p. 8.

 

Unpublished Works

 

Battle Creek Public Relations Material. (Fact Sheet).

Folkenberg, E. J. and McFarland, J. Wayne. Five Day Plan lectures,
4th edition, copyright 1962, pp. 4-17.

Hinsdale Five-Day Plan Materials.

Hinsdale Survey - October 1965 "Smoking Withdrawal Achieved by
Natural Means," C. L. Dale, W. C. Graves, H. B. Beck, H. S.
Law.

Five—Day Plan, Public Relations Kit, p. 2.

 

McFarland, J. Wayne. Five-Day Plan to Stop Smoking, Its History and
Aim. Chicago, Illinois: North American Congress, April 13-17,
1969, n.p.

 

 

Questionnaires

Questionnaire from G. A. Coffen, Battle Creek, Michigan, April 16,
1970, Minister.

Questionnaire from John Erhard, Escanaba, Michigan, April 19, 1970,
Minister.

Questionnaire from O. S. Erhard, Eaton Rapids, Michigan, May 19, 1970,
Doctor.

Questionnaire from Raymond D. Hamstra, Warren, Michigan, April 16,
1970, Minister.

195

Questionnaire from C. 12 Hewlett, Hinsdale, Illinois, May 19, 1970,
Chaplain.

Questionnaire from Robert Lutz, Berrien Springs, Michigan, May, 1970,
Doctor.

Ouestionna're from R. L. Mayor, Pontiac, Michigan, April 20, 1970,
Doctor.

Questiannaire Ernr D. K. Peshka, Niles, Michigan, June 2, 1970,
Doctor.

Questionnaire from Horace J. Shaw, Berrien Springs, Michigan,
June 3, 1970. Minister.

Questionnaire from Arthur Weaver, Detroit, Michigan, May 1, 1970,
Doctor.

Questionnaire from Robert Williams, Pontiac, Michigan, May 24, 1970,
Psychologist.

Interviews

 

Interview with Pastor George Coffen, Battle Creek, Michigan,
June 4, 1970.

Interview with Charles L. Dale, Hinsdale, Illinois, May 19, 1970.
Interview with Dr. 0. S. Erhard, Eaton Rapids, Michigan, May, 1970.
Interview with Harold Flynt, Battle Creek, Michigan, April 8, 1970.
Interview with Elman Folkenberg via telephone, April 24, 1970.

Interview with Willis C. Graves, Berrien Springs, Michigan, April, 1970.
Interview with Raymond Hamstra, Berrien Springs, Michigan, June 6, 1970.
Interview with J. D. Henriksen, Battle Creek, Michigan, April 8, 1970.
Interview with Gordon Hewlett, Hinsdale, Illinois, May 19, 1970.
Interview with Dr. Robert Lutz, Berrien Springs, Michigan, May, 1970.
Interview with Dr. Raymond Mayor, Pontaic, Michigan, June 10, 1970.

Interview with Dr. J. Wayne McFarland, Battle creek, Michigan, April
5, 1970.

196

Interview with Dr. David K. Peshka, Niles, Michigan, May 28, 1970.
Interview with Dr. Horace Shaw, Berrien Springs, Michigan, May 26, 1970.

Interview with Dr. Arthur Weaver, Berrien Springs, Michigan, June 5,
1970.

Interview with Dr. Thomas K. Williams, Battle Creek, Michigan, April 8, 1970.

Letters

letter from Elsilil Burglund, Researcher in the Psychological Aspects
of smoking, n.d.

Letter from Dolly McFarland, wife of Dr. J. Wayne McFarland, June,
1970.

letter from E. H. J. Steed, Secretary of General Conferenct Temperance
Department, May 11, 1970.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A

SAMPLE GROUP THERAPY LECTURES ON THE FIVE-DAY PLAN
TO STOP SMOKING AS PREPARED BY E. J. FOLKENBERG

AND J. WAYNE MCEARLAND

WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION OF SUBJECT (Transcribed from tape recordings)

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen! May I welcome you to the first Group
Therapy Session of the Five-Day Plan to stop smoking. But first, let me introduce
my associate, Dr. J. Wayne McFarland, who during the next five evenings of Group
Therapy will deal with the physical aspects of the smoking habit, while I concen-
trate each night upon the psychological aspects of the smoking habit. Ladies and
gentlemen, you are poised on the verge of one of the most fascinating and rewarding
experiences of your life.

Then let's plunge right into our subject. Millions feel they can quit smoking
anytime they wish. But are they doing it? I fear the majority are like Mark Twain
‘when he said, "It's not hard to stop smoking. I've done it a thousand times." Now
friends, right at the very beginning of this Five-Day Plan, we shall attempt to
galvanize your minds into the strongest possible decision to stop smoking. Real-
izing that lasting decisions are those based upon an accumulation of facts, we are
about to project on the screen the gripping story of a young newspaper editor's

successful fight against lung cancer. You will follow him through examination,

197

Group Therap No. l
y 198

diagnosis, then finally accompany him directly into the operating room to witness
the removal of his cancerous lung.

Though the surgery sequences don't last too long, please remember you're see-
ing the real thing. Should you feel a bit squeamish, just look somewhere else for
a few seconds. We make no-apologies for showing this film. While alluring tobacco
advertising floods.our nation, it's high time people saw the other side of the
coin. At this time we take pleasure in presenting, "One in 20,000."

N252: Because many heavy smokers during this film make a mental substitution,
feeling themselves to be on the operating table due to their years of smoking, it's
always wise to have a nurse and smelling salts nearby. It is also well to let them
know when to close their eyes if they are a bit squeamish. This is just before the
scene where the knife cuts across the chest. (Usually the doctor makes this announce-

ment)

5. NATURE OF THE HABIT (Therapy Continuation)

To many a person it comes as a shock to discover he's no longer smoking by
choice, but is caught by a vicious habit. Every Lent finds him smoking a little
more. Like being trapped in quick sand, the more he struggles the deeper he seems
to sink. With weakened will power and self-control steadily undermined, he yearly
feels even less capable of breaking away from Lady Nicotine. Why did you start to
smoke? It hasn't increased your physical strength. It doesn't enhance the taste
of food. It doesn't aid your health or increase your savings in the bank. Now
let's face it. You started to smoke only because of social pressure. That's a
poor motive to begin, isn't it? No wonder the majority of thinking people wish
they'd never started.

So for years now you've been building an identical chain of habitual motions.
You reach for the pack, lift a cigarette, light up and inhale, smoke it to the end
and then stamp it out. The average smoker does this 30 times a day, 210 times a

week, 840 times a month, for 10,080 times a year. Obviously you've developed a

Group Therapy No. 1 199

strong neuro-muscular habit, in addition to the already serious chemical addiction
likewise established in your body. So the average smoker drifts helplessly along
into smoking an ever-larger quota of cigarettes per year.

If you kept an honest diary of your waking activities, you'd be surprised at
how tobacco has intertwined itself throughout your entire day. Until you face
this fact, you'll not be prepared to adequately battle the villain. Let me illus-
trate by means of a typical male smoker. A morning cigarette wakes him up. Morning
coffee calls for a smoke. Commuting to work with friends requires another.
Business conference pressures are eased by a smoke. Contract signing signals for
yet another. Naturally he smokes during coffee break. He smokes on the train
home, with the evening newspaper, again after supper and through the evening while
playing bridge with the Joneses. What he hasn't realized is that smoking has be-
come associated with every major waking activity! Now do you begin to see the
all-pervasive, insidious nature of your habit?

So in order to give up smoking, you must launch a comprehensive, all-out
assault against it. No half-hearted effort will do. You will battle and win over

smoking by attacking it from the physical, mental and spiritual levels.

6. PERSONAL CONTROL PROGRAM

In order for you to mount a sustained, hour-by-hour assault, we've prepared
a Personal Control Program which can be followed either at home or work. It was
designed for busy people. You'll soon discover it to be a powerful aid in dis-
rupting your habitual chain of smoking. 80 right now you're standing on the verge

of a thrilling, new experience in better living.

7. GRADUALLY.......OR ALL AT ONCE?
This is the question many smokers ask. Did you read of the humane gentleman
who wanted to spare the feelings of his new puppy? ‘He started about cutting off

the dog's tail one inch at a time. Then let me commend to you the decision of the

roup Therapy No. l
200

anned.Irish patriot, Eamon DeValera, who being arrested by British soldiers reached
orr'his favorite pipe and suddenly smashed it on the pavement. Asked to explain
is: strange conduct, he replied, "I wouldn't give you the satisfaction of taking
.way my pipe and tobacco when you put me in jail. I quit." May I suggest that
.erwa's a vital clue for your success. The average person can break a habit far
:asier by means of a strong, positive decision which galvanizes his will power for

m all-out battle. It gives evidence that there's to be no half-hearted attempt.

3. THE SECRET OF STRONG WILL POWER

Now it's time to discuss a little-known subject that can mean the difference
aetween success and failure in your battle against smoking. Turning to the black-
noard, I'm going to draw the picture of a ship's rudder. You realize a rudder
doesn‘t propel the ship forward, but only gives direction to its travel. They tell
us the rudder of the famous "Queen Elizabeth" weighs approximately 65 tons, yet
that 65-ton rudder is able to guide a mammoth liner weighing over 85,000 tons.
Obviously the rudder exerts an influence completely out of proportion to its size.

I fear the average person doesn't realize that an entire change can be made
in the human life by the right exercise of his will. Will power may be described
as that sovereign agency within the mind which exercises control over its own
operation. For example, what happened in your mind a little earlier this evening?
A little after 7:00 tonight, you chose to attend this session of Group Therapy.
Having made that decision, your brain began dispatching orders to various muscles
of your body. Going to the closet you took out your coat, found the car keys,
walked to the car and drove to the auditorium here. Those actions were only the
physical obedience to a previous decision made by the will.

But first let's raise a word of warning. Don't ever confuse will power with
a simple desire to do right. The desire to do right is good, as far as it goes,

but please remember that many people go down to ruin and the grave while desiring

Group Therapy No. 1
201

to do right. And where did they fail? Their will power wasn't used to galvanize
right desire, translating them into positive action. So please remember a mere

desire to stop smoking _i_§ 395 enough!

9. HOW TO STRENGTHEN WILL POWER

A basic law of nature declares, ”Strength is acquired through effort." We
realize flabby muscles can be readily strengthened by regular exercise. We realize
that diligent study produces a keen, active mind. Hence the same law of nature
applies equally to your will power. Under prolonged disuse the human will becomes
*weak, leading one victim of habit to complain, "I can resist everything....except

temptation." Now let's proceed directly into the heart of this subject.

10. A CORRECT USE OF THE WILL

When trying to break the habit, many people make the mistake of saying, "I'm
going to stop smoking right now," or "I'm never going to smoke again from.this mo-
ment on." And what are they doing? They're making a promise. Obviously, promises
are good in their proper place. But let's follow the individual who just made the
promise. What happens if he should smoke within a day or so? He's broken the
promise, and that's not good. With shattered self-confidence, a few cigarettes
later he's likely to think, "Oh, what's the use!"

Then let's examine the correct use of the will. Here it is. Instead of
saying, "I promise," he will say, "I ghgggg'gg'ggit smoking!" Please notice that
in the foregoing choice there's no promise involved. He's not promising to do
anything. Instead, he's "choosing" to stop. A little careful thinking will re-
veal there's a world of difference between the two mental actions. If he should
smoke tomorrow, after choosing to quit last evening, he's not broken any promise.
His original choice can be reaffirmed with case. He needn't be discouraged, for

his choice is still in effect. But best of all, remember that nature's law has

Group Therapy No. l
202

quietly been in operation; namely, that strength is acquired by effort. With
every proper use of his will it becomes stronger. That's why within several days
you'll notice your own will gaining a new strength. Morning, noon and night you

will keep saying to yourself, "I choose to stop smoking, I choose to stop smoking."

And mean it .

ll. . POWER OF THE MIND OVER YOUR BODY

Most people haven't any idea of how strong an effect the mind can have over
the body. Let's illustrate it this way. In his book, "The Human Brain,"1 John
Pfeiffer describes a significant experiment in hypnosis, an experiment which has
long been known in German and other EurOpean psychological circles. ' One day in a
psychological experiment, a man was placed in the medium state of hypnotic trance.
Taking a pencil from his pocket, the hypnotist said, "Please stretch out your arm
because I'm going to burn it." Thus saying, he lightly touched the subject's forearm
with a common pencil causing a sharp cry of pain and sudden retraction of the arm.
While such a reaction seems quite normal, yet the story doesn't end there. Within
15 or 20 minutes the arm had become red and inflamed. Shortly after, an ugle blister
began to rise. Ten days passed before the arm was well healed. (Note: There are
many types of illustrations from dental or medical hypnosis which will illustrate the
mind's great power on the human body. Feel free to use illustrations familiar to you)

The hypnotist was actually in control of the subconscious mind of his subject.
Hence, when the subconscious mind accepted the fact a burn had occurred on the
forearm, it immediately set in motion a variety of body mechanisms to deal with
a burn, such as accumulation of fluid and inflamation. This illustration in no way
suggests that we favor hypnosis in breaking the cigarette habit, for we do not. We
believe there is a much better way.

May I pause now to stress something you must not forget. The way you think,

the way you exercise your will, these have an imediate effect upon the rest of

Ills-wok- Is--- u--l- N a 0:0 Tale-a D‘nlg‘nv nesk‘ln‘enr‘ has ‘defne- fln11ann. TPA

Grou Thera No. l
P P? 203

your body. You've just seen what the mind can do in this illustration of hypnosis.
Therefore, when the urge to smoke seems almost overpowering, you can actually
‘weaken that physical craving by a proper exercise of the human will. Keep saying,

"I choose not to smoke," and keep repeating it to yourself.

12. YOU CAN BREAK ms HABIT. THERE'S N0 DOUBT!

Now listen carefully. You can break the smoking habit far easier than most
of you realize. In going from city to city we find people who have smoked for 30
and 40 years, from two to three packs a day. Beginning the Five-Day Plan, they
discover it to be an all-out, comprehensive assault, attacking the habit from every
possible angle. Often they can't understand why the craving starts to weaken so
suddenly. We can only tell you the Plan's physically, mentally and spiritually
sound. It will work for you if you carefully follow it. There's not a shadow of

doubt in our minds.

13. TRANSITION TO THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SMOKING

It's time for you to learn something of human physiology, and discover what
you can do to actually weaken the craving. It's my privilege to introduce Dr. J.
Wayne McFarland, who will not only show you how to physically battle the habit,
but will reveal certain basic principles opening up new horizons for better living.
Ladies and gentlemen, may I present Dr. McFarland. (A doctor and minister team
*working together is the embodiment of heaven's plan for reaching the human heart.
.An Adventist physician and minister is the method of reaching humanity in these
populous cities. One or more physicians can take part. We use an Adventist physici
or dentist for the lectures. We do have a guest speaker on occasion make a state-
‘ment on smoking and health, who is a specialist such as a cardiologist or chest
surgeon)
14. THE DOCTOR'S PRESENTATION

Thank you very much, Mr. Folkenberg. Now that you've chosen not to smoke,

and that's a very fine choice, we're going to study a little bit of anatomy and

h . 1
Group T erapy No 20“

‘physiology, explaining to you what's going on inside the human body and what pro-
duces this craving, and also why it's so difficult for some people to quit. You've
probably all been around when someone said, "Why there's nothing to it. I didn't
‘have to follow any plan. All I did was go home and say, 'I'm through,' and that
‘aas that." While that fellow is standing there bragging, there are five others
standing around, and they're not saying anything at all. You know why? Because
they've tried and tried, and it didn't work for them.

I don't want any of you to think this is going to be a merry-go-round. For
some of you it will be very easy. For three days others of you may think you're
going to die. But you won't. It may be rugged and miserable, but it will certain-
ly be worth it. Now let's go back to Mr. Folkenberg's brain drawing on the board.
As you know, the brain is a physical organ housing the mind. In my hand I hold a
human brain specimen, and you're welcome to examine it after the program. This is
the part of the cerebrum which controls walking. A little further down and on the
outside surface is the area controlling arm muscles. And just to make it more
complicated, these nerve cells that control the right half of your body are located
on the left side. Nerves controlling the left half of your body are located on the
right side and are upside down. This is probably one reason why many young would-
be neurosurgeons suddenly decide to forget the whole thing and become general
practitioners, because things are really complicated up here in the brain. It is
a difficult subject to master.

One of the 15 to 16 billion nerve cells in the brain would look something
like this as drawn on the board. It is in these cells that the damaging part of
this cigarette business goes on. Nicotine, and I'll print it on the board, is
quite different from the substance which causes cancer. Nicotine causes your
addiction in these nerve cells. Yes, I said "addiction." But you say, "I don't
like that word, doctor! You mean I'm an addict?" Yes, and you'll soon discover
‘why. It's our job during these five days to get rid of an addictive drug as

quickly as possible. We also will show you ways to break a long established habit

h 0 1
Group T erapy No 205

pattern.’ And all of this to help you get over your craving as rapidly as possible.
Right now we're going to lay out a personal program you can follow to start getting
rid of this nicotine and begin to build up your nervous system. We're going to put
you on what I consider one of the best-known programs for general health that I
know and we begin by putting you on high-grade fuel.

15. RECOMMENDED DIET CONTROL

Notice the word "nicotine" written on the board. In nicotine there are
neither vitamins nor calories. It's a very potent drug, as you'll see tomorrow
night during the film, "Time Pulls the Trigger." Our first business then is to get
rid of nicotine and the other poisons in tobacco that might be lurking in your body.
'To do this we're really going to have to regulate you for these next few'days. We'll
tell you what to eat, and you just eat what we tell you. Now for the first 24-hour
period, I want you to live mainly on fruit and fruit juices. For a long time you've
probably wanted to try some of those exotic fruits that come in beautiful cans.
This is the time to try them. After all, you're going to be saving plenty of money
on cigarettes. Here's your chance to go on a fruit jag. Not fermented, however.
‘No alcohol or wine or beer this five days, because you'll want to smoke after a
couple of drinks. Alcohol is a depressant drug, it knocks out the very cells where
‘will is located - so no liquor.

But what we're doing is putting you on the highest grade of vitamins, calcium,
phosphorus and iron that we can possibly use, while at the same time beginning to
cut the craving for nicotine. This means that for 24 hours you'll live primarily
on all types of fresh, dried or cooked fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas,
pineapple juice, grapefruit juice, grape juice, apple juice, etc. In addition,

I want you to drink six (6) to eight (8) glasses of water during this 24-hour
period. To ensure you getting this amount take a glass of water if the urge to
smoke strikes tomorrow. Your kidneys may think that Christmas and New Year's have
arrived on the same day, but don't worry, you are only-on this high fluid intake

for the first 24-hour period. Now here's a simple fluid schedule.

Group Therapy No. l
206 '

In the morning when you get up, try and drink a glass or two of water. You
tnay have to start with a thimbleful at first until you get used to it. But get
in the habit of drinking water the very first thing on rising.' Then if you get
two glasses of water between breakfast and noon, and two more during the afternoon,
that makes six glasses in all. Six glasses of water, plus regular fruit and juice
intake during meals our first 24 hours, will go a long way toward getting this
nicotine andic'a residues out of the system in a hurry. .

Don't be surprised during these first few days if you develop a headache,
feeling as if someone had come along and hit you squarely in the front of the head,
wfidle someone else stabbed you in the back of the neck, while your legs ache, too.
'There are mild withdrawal symptoms. ‘When that urge to smoke comes along, do
exactly what Mr. Folkenberg said. Say to yourself, "I choose not to smoke." Then
walk over for a glass of water. It really works, in helping you break a habit
pattern it will cut down the craving. You see,the average person doesn't realize
the importance of water to the stomach, the pancreas, the liver and the brain. Did
you know that your brain is about 75 per cent water? That when enough fluid is not
present in the brain substance, you actually cannot think as clearly as you should?
Water is important. Start drinking.

Now if your doctor has you on a special diet or he has you on limited fluids,
then you must follow his directions. We do not interfere with your family
physician's orders.

16. USE OF OXYGEN IN BREAKING THE HABIT

Now may I emphasize another vital element needed for proper living. Brain
cells require some five times the amount of oxygen required by any other organ of
the human body. By reducing the amount of oxygen going to your brain, you decrease
mental ability and hence weaken the will power Mr. Folkenberg has been speaking
about. On this brain diagram here on the blackboard, I'll point out in the front
area of the brain the chief area of reason, will power and judgment which will be

the first areas affected by a lack of oxygen. So during these next few days, let's

Group Therapy No. l
207

be certain to take in extra amounts of oxygen. Let's have a little break right
now, and I'll show you how to breathe properly, for you might just as well learn

to breathe whether you smoke or don't smoke.

17. coaster BREATHING DEMONSTRATION

I want you to stand up now and unbutton your coat. Let's all do it together.
Get your fingers right under the lowest rib. Incidentally, if you can't find your
ribs, you'd better come back for lecture number five which deals with weight con-
trol. All right now, hook your fingers under there. Now we're going to take in
a deep breath through the nose, taking in all we can hold for a bit, and then
we're going to take in another whiff while at the same time pulling out on our
ribs. This makes your diaphragm jump right down, and it sucks in a lot of air.

In other words, we're going to fill it clear to the bottom. All right, here we

go. This may be the first real lungful of air you've had for years. Breathe in
through your nose. Now hold that lungful for a moment. Take in another whiff.
Now breathe out rapidly through your mouth. While exhaling, bend over and place
your palms flat against your ribs and push. Now cough once or twice, expelling all
the remaining air in your lungs. Cough again. That's it. Thank you. You may be '
seated.

Here's my prescription for you during these next few days--three deep
breaths three times a day. Just scoot off by yourself into a room with an open
window and practice; but don't go walking down the street doing this, or people
will wonder a bit. In other words, rhythmic breathing can be utilized whenever
the craving strikes you. If you're typing at an office desk, just suddenly adopt
a good posture, then begin to breathe slowly and rhythmically, in and out. What
will this do? Oxygen has the ability to calm your nerves; and believe me, yours
will need some calming during these next few days. Therefore, rhythmic breathing
will definitely lessen your craving to smoke. Don't forget this. All right now,

there are three principles you've discovered tonight. First, use the will. Say,

-‘-- '. -_‘ '.‘ m---b‘-- hk‘- flA‘A-A -A -_ A L‘Ak ‘-Aflk ‘NC‘f

Group Therapy No. l
208

and juice program for the first 24 hours. Third, take three deep breaths three
times daily with rhythmic breathing during any craving, and at the same time form

the habit of proper breathing for the rest of your life.

18. A.WORD 0F ENCOURAGEMENT

From.working with previous groups of people who wished to stop smoking, we
can say with certainty that 50 per cent of you will be around the corner within
three days. In five days 80 percent will be around the corner, that is you will
have less craving or it will be gone. You can manage the problem. The rest of you
Inay take a few days longer, but you can certainly make it if you will. And why not
talk this up_among your friends? Invite John or Mary to come with you tomorrow
‘night. We'll have a good time together. Every single one of you can win this
‘battle against smoking, and we're here to help you do it. To some of you it may
sound impossible. But don't you worry about that, because you're going to make it

just fine.

19. FIRST NIGHT PROMOTION MATERIAL (By Pastor Folkenberg)

Ladies and gentlemen, these programs are designed to teach you how to manage
the problem of smoking. We've just checked on previous groups who have stopped
smoking in other towns, and in one good-sized group who stopped a month ago,
only two had gone back to it. And of these two, one of them had three or four
cocktails, and that's why he started to smoke. So the Plan really works.

As you came in you were given a Registration and Statistical Information sheet.
On it you'll find a number of questions we'd like you to answer. The sheet will
ask how long you have smoked, your approximate cigarette consumption, whether you've
ever tried to quit before and with what success, and other answers which will aid in
a statistical study. Please have no hesitancy in filling out these blanks, because
this information will be kept confidential. Be assured no one will call at your
home. It serves as a registration blank for the Five-Day Plan and will be the basis

of a statistical study. Your answers are confidential. Please hand these in as

Group Therapy No. l
‘ 209

*we hand out your "Five-Day Plan Control Booklet." For each registration slip we
'hand out a booklet. If you do not have a registration slip, please hold up your
‘hand. Thank you. (You may also pro-register. Everyone should register - smoker
and non-smoker)

Now the ushers are going to place in your hands a small booklet containing
several printed sheets. This is what we call your Personal Control Program.
Inside you'll find a.welcome to the Five-Day Plan, while the next sheet will tell
you precisely what you should do yet this evening before retiring, in order to get
'you off to the best possible start tomorrow morning. Feel free to take one of
these booklets now. Please notice the sheet which lists your "Tonight's A, B,
C's." It's vital for you to get to bed at a good time during each of these
‘next few nights. We shall try to let out each program precisely at 9:00, though
‘we had to start a bit late this evening. Those nerves of yours are going to!
need a good rest. So this evening before retiring, why don't you set your
alarm for a little bit earlier in the morning? You must avoid too tight a
schedule the next few days.’ That could easily overstimulate you and keep you awake.

Tonight you may wish a relaxing bath or shower, but don't make it too hot.
Then place this booklet by your bedside for reference first thing in the morning.
Please remember that in the morning first thing, it's vital for you to get the
prow of your ship going the right direction the very first thing, even before
you get out of bed. Get that will power operating! Immediately say, "I choose
not to smoke today. This is my resolve. I choose not to smoke." If you've
set your alarm for a bit earlier, you'll wake up with extra time for a glass or
so of~warm water, a relaxing shower, a breakfast of fruit and plenty of fruit juice.

Friends, the remaining pages of your booklet are devoted to an hour-by-hour
program you can follow whether at home or work, because it was designed for busy
people. So take this booklet along to work. Refer to it often through the day.

‘Now I'm going to ask Dr. McFarland to comment on certain physical aspects of

tomorrow's program.

her . 1
Group T apy No 210

20. THE DOCTOR POINTS OUT CERTAIN ITEMS ON THEIR FIRST DAY SHEETS

The important thing, friends, is for you to follow faithfully this control
program. We're not going to throw anyone out of this class if you happen to
slip up and draw on a cigarette. Just keep coming to the programs. You'll
notice we've included a suggested diet for breakfast. This is for those who
feel they just can't get along only on fruit or fruit juice for some specialized
reason. However, you'll come along a lot faster if you can limit yourself to
fruit and juice for the first 24 hours.

You are to leave out all liquors during these five days. Just bid Pour
Roses, Three Feathers and Two Old Crows good-by for a few days. Just don't
touch alcoholic beverages! Please also note that the last sheet is a symptom
sheet. This you are to fill out each day. You will not have all these symptoms -
just mark those which apply to you.

Then there's something else I should mention. After eating any meal, by
all means don't sit down right away. Get up and get away from the table, be-
cause you've been in the habit of smoking right after eating. We're trying to
keep you away from.everything that would stimulate a craving for tobacco. Now
a word of warning about your evening meal. You've been in the habit of having
dinner, then going into the front room and sitting down in your easy chair,.
putting your feet up on the hassock and having a smoke while reading the paper.
Your favorite chair's a booby trap. It's saturated with tobacco. As you sit
there, it's in the curtains, in the rugs, in the sofa, in Fido's hair, in the
cat's fur, and probably even in the goldfish bowl. So if you sit there and inhale
these fumes, it starts the craving. Get away from it, see? Go outside the house
and do some deep breathing. But don't sit down after you eat. Go down in the
basement and start working on your favorite hobby or outside for a brief walk in
the fresh air.

You will notice your Personal Control sheet mentions, "Aids, or medicated

gum." These are available at your drug store, and it's quite all right if you

Group Therapy No. l
211

wish to use them. Some folks have tried them and said it didn't do a bit of
good.' But better still, if you want to let your family physician know, he may
wish to prescribe something that would help calm your nerves. He'll know exactly
what to do. And remember if your doctor has you on a special diet, or you are
taking medicines, you must follow his directions. You may have to skip that part

of the Five-Day Program. You can do the rest of the things we suggest.

21. THE BUDDY SYSTEM ORGANIZED (By the minister and doctor)

Thank you very much, Dr. McFarland. Now, friends, we're going to organize
the buddy system. Will each of you having a friend in attendance please pair
yourselves off and exchange phone numbers so that you can call each other once
in the morning and once in the afternoon. This is absolutely imperative!

(Friends were then paired off.) Now, will those without a friend in attendance
please raise your hands? (We then pair off people who, though not knowing each
other, usually manifest an immediate willingness to make friends and set up a
Buddy System with someone else.‘ We usually pair off husband and wife teams first,
then we ask for men to raise their hand who have come alone. These are next paired
off. Lastly we ask for women to raise their hand who have come alone and do not
have a partner. These then are paired off in twos. Occasionally you may need to
put three in a group.) By all means, friends, don't fail to contact your buddy
tomorrow. He may be on the verge of losing the battle, on the verge of smoking
again when suddenly the phone rings and there you are, encouraging him. Call him
up to find out how he's doing. If you happen to work together, it will be easy to

contact each other several times a day.

22. FINAL ANNOUNCEMENT

Tomorrow evening, please bring your Personal Control booklet with you,
'whereupon we will furnish you the second day control sheets for the Five-Day Plan.
.Any of you wishing answers to personal questions, please feel free to contact

either Dr. McFarland or myself at the close of this program. In closing I wish to

Group Therapy No. l
212

state that I believe the vaat*majority of you will return here tomorrow evening
'without having smoked a single cigarette during the next 24 hours. There's no
doubt that you can do it! Ladies and gentlemen, let me say that you've been a
wonderful audience. We appreciate the opportunity of conducting the Five-Day Plan
in your community, so we will bid you all "Good Night." (At this time the recorded

music comes on while people leave the hall.)

APPENDIX B

‘ , "i‘hntfiSEDAv PLAN to 5109 SMOKING

3 fr Essa -.

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REGISTRATION AND STATISTICAL SHEET

Date

Place Held
1. Number of years you have smoked

2. Do you smoke cigarettes? Cigar? Pipe? Chew Use snuff?

3. How much tobacco are you using, on the average. (Check answer and/or write
in amount that applies within each category).

a. CIGARETTES: number smoked per average day: (Write in)
Smoke less than one cigarette per day.
(Write in) number smoked per (circle one) week/month
Do not smoke cigarettes at all.

 

b. CIGARS: Number smoked per average day: (Write in)
Smoke less than one cigar per day.
(Write in) number smoked per (circle one) week/month
Do not smoke cigars at all.

 

c. PIPES: Number of pipefuls per average day: (Write in)
Smoke less than one pipeful per day.
(Write in) number smoked per day(circle one) week/month
Do not smoke a pipe at all.

 

d. CHEWING TOBACCO: (Write in) Amount per (circle one)
day/week/month
Do not use chewing tobacco at all.

e. SNUFF: (Write in) Amount per (circle one) day/ week/ month
Do not use at all

4. Have you ever seriously tried to stop before? Yes No
Stopped abruptly: Yes No
Tapered off:

 

5. How did you learn of this program?

 

6. Why do you want to stap?

 

7. Occupation

8. Name (Please print)

 

9. Address _I_
Street City State Zip Code

10. Phone 213

DAY PLAN TO STOP SMOKING

 

EVALUATION SHEET

Date

 

Place Held _&g

:1. Check each meeting attended: 1 2 3 4 5

2. Did you follow the daily program? Yes No

 

 

 

 

13. What is the longest time you have been off tobacco previously:
None Weeks Months Years

4. Have you completely stopped smoking? Yes No

If you have cut down, how much are you smoking now?

 

.5. What benefits have ygu noticed during this course:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

6. Did you refrain from using coffee during the Five Day Plan? Yes No

Cough less
Cough gone
Taste Improved
Smell Improved
Sense of well being
Others

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Did you refrain from using alcoholic beverages during the Five Day Plan?

8. Comments about the program: (Two or three sentences)

Yes No

 

 

 

 

9. Name (Please Print)#

10. Address

 

11. Phone

Street City State Zip Code

 

957—3—SP478—A

214

APPENDIX C

    

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COMPLETE AND SEND YOUR
REGISTRATION FORM TO

FIVE DAY PLAN

HINSDALE SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL
120 North Oak Street
Hinsdale, Illinois 60527

“The main thing is that
this plan works." -

The Washlruton Daily

News.
February 28, 19611

 

WI” It 82 Hard lo 0th?”

You will discover it to be far easier under a controlled
program directed by experts. Thousands have already
quit smoking who never thought they could.

6 .5 'I'ry,.P.[w'—.-.-——

 

 

 

 

 

Did YOU know that
most people can stop
smoking for easier
than they ever
thought possible?

DOW

IT WORKS!

"SAN” 5 DAY m

DURING THE PAST 6 YEARS HINSDALE SANITARIUM
AND HOSPITAL HAS SPONSORED 32 “5 DAY PLANS TO
STOP SMOKING" PROGRAMS AS A COMMUNITY SERVICE.
OVER 3,500 PERSONS HAVE ATTENDED.

SYNOPSIS ‘

THE "5 DAY PLAN" IS A SERIES OF 5 CONSECUTIVE
EVENING SESSIONS COMPRISED 0F FILMS, LECTURES,
GROUP THERAPY, PERSONAL CONTROL BOOKLET,
AND BUDDY SYSTEM. BASED ON SOUND PRINCIPLES,
"IT WORKS" IN OVER 25 COUNTRIES.

"100?" now

A "5 DAY PLAN TO STOP SMOKING" WILL BE HELD IN
THE EAST ROOM OF THE SHERATON CHICAGO HOTEL,
505 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE. SUN. -.THURS 7: 15- 9 p. m.,
APRIL I3 - 17, 1969.

REGISTRATION

REGISTER NOW BY SENDING THE REGISTRATION
CARD. TO HELP COVER COSTS OF MATERIALS USED.
THERE IS A $3.00 REGISTRATION FEE, PAYABLE IN
ADVANCE. DUE TO LIMITED ACCOMMODATIONS REG-

ISTER BY APRIL 6.
NOW

STATISTICS REVEAL THAT FOR EACH PACK OF
CIGARETTES SIDKED, THE AVERAGE CONSUMER'S
LIFE IS SNORTENED 3T0 5 HOURS, SO,

REGISTER NOR!

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N-E-W-S—P—A—P—E—R

  

WANT III CRUSH
:ée

SMOKING HABIT?

far easier than you
thought possible?

 
   
     
   

  

PRESENTINS . . .

due to popular interest

Til! S-OAY PLAN
TO STOP SMOKING

 
   
   
   
 

  
 
   
 

, €259;ng For Iree
fi)‘ tickets or
, Information,

   

  

PHONE

(A) Mat for l-Column Ad

 

These Newspaper mats are
now available to assist in adver-
tising the Five-Day Plan.

Order from:
American Temperance Society
6840 Eastern Ave., N .W.
Washington, D.C. 20012

 

Kindly send me the following:

(A) l—Column Mats @ $1.00 each
(B) 2-Column Mats @ $1.00 each

 

—_——_——

m—n—T—S —- FIVE-DAY PLAN

 

 

 
 
  

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5-Duy Plan

 

 

(B) Mat for 2-Column Ad

217

 

 

Name & Title

Conference

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BIND ON [307le LINE

 

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W may law...
RADIANT HEALIH

An all- -nevv correspondence-
course guide to health.

Up-to-dste medical dsta—lrom

headaches to heart care.
Written for easy understanding.

. . 16 inlormstive chapters
. . Generously illustrated
For the modern Ismily

Please send tree Radiant Health Lessons to:

Mr., Mrs” Miss

    

 

Street and Number

 

(please print)

 

no. Io: No.

 

City sm-

THE 5 DAY PLAN. . .

a scientifically conducted clinic successfully

directed In 26 countries of the world!

Call 323-2100
and make your reservation

 

Rural Route No. __llurel Route Do: No.

Add zest and vitality
to your lite.

ENROLL TODAY

 

lim Code

 

 

FIE! GROUP THERAPY

FIVE IIAI PIAII TII STIII' SMOKING

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APPENDIX D

10.

ll.

12.

1?.

14.

15.

16.

l7.

l8.

l9.

INTERVIEW QUESTIOBS FOR THE FIVE DAY PLAN

A. THE "PLAN:" I'lS NA'IURE, PURPOSE, AND REIATIOPBHIP

What is the Five Day Plan?

What is the difference between the Five Day Plan and health lectures given
in evangelistic meetings?

In which different types of community service have you engaged?

How does a minister become aware of potential new approaches or new methods
in community service?

When did you first hear about the Five Day Plan being used?

How did you first become interested in using the Five Day Plan? when? By whom?
Why did you choose the Five Day Plan as a tool of community service?

What did you expect the Five Day Plan to accomplish for you?

With how many different types of withdrawal clinics are you acquainted?

How wideSpread is the Five Day Plan in your denomination by other organizations?

How is the Five Day Plan related to other forms of community service?
Compare and contrast.

Would the Five Day Plan be thought of as public evangelism?

What is the relationship and place of the Five Day Plan in your overall church
program?

13 the Five Day Plan included in your yearly church calendar?

Do you know of any conditions or situations where the Ehve Day Plan might not
be an asset to your community and church?

What published materials on the Five Day Plan have you read?

Do you know of any other?

B. SETTINGrhND EQUIPMENT

What mechanical devices are necessary to enhance communication in conducting
a Five Day Plan?

Is music and lighting used to create a pleasant atmosphere.

219

20.

21.

25.

26.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

Where do you usually conduct the Five Day Plan?

What type of meeting place do you desire for such plans?

C. AUDIENCE
Did you endeavor at first to reach a particular class or group of people?
If so which one?
How do you determine who your audience is?
What economic class of people usually attend? A. Lower. B. Middle C. Upper

D. Other.

D. PROGRAM FORMAT

Have you changed the program format since you began conducting Five Day Plans?

Have you had experience in speaking to non-Adventist groups? If so, how
extensively?

E. MESSAGE CONTENT

Do you use the lectures by McFarland and Folkenberg entirely?
If not, what materials do you use?

If you use your messages, how have you developed them?

Where do you get most of your material?

Have you changed the content of your messages very much since you first
began?

Have you been able to adapt other available material to the lectures?

Does the Five Day Plan require a different type of speech composition than
preaching? If so why?

Are Five Day Plan messages difficult to write?
What seems to be the most difficult part of writing them?

Do you usually use inductive or deductive method of development in your messages?

220

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F, DELIVERY

Does the Five Day Plan require a different type of delivery than preaching?
How would you compare or contrast Five Day Plan lecturing with preaching?

Can anything be done in the delivery to help the audience accept you as a
friend? (To have confidence in you)

Do you employ personal pronouns or give general message?

no you endeavor to make the messages more personal?

G. RELATIODS WITH CIVIC LEADERS
What is the name or names of groups that Sponsor the Five Day Plan or encourage
you to conduct the plan?

Has the community expressed any reactions to your Five Day Plan projects?
If so, what?

Did you choose the location for the Five Day Plan clinic?
Where would you choose to conduct the clinic if you had a choice? Why?
Does the location affect the attendance? Why?

What is the relationship between the Five Day Plan and the Cancer Society
Clinics?

Are there any ethical considerations the sponsor should keep in mind?

ll . S PEAKERS

Do you have substitute or alternate speakers for the Five Day Plan?
Do you have guest speakers who lecture on a related topic?

Do you lecture each evening for five consecutive evenings?

221

S6.
S7.

58.

60.

()1,

65.

66.
67.

68.

I. RESPONSE TO THE FIVE DAY PLAN

Why do people attend the Five Day Plan? (What prompts them?)

What is the reaction of individuals who attend the Five [By Plan the first
night?

How long does it take to establish confidence in you and the plan?

Which film gets the most response from the audience?

J. FOLLOW-UP MEETINGS

Do you conduct follow-up meetings after the plan is completed?

How many days or weeks after the clinic is concluded do you have these meetings?
no you visit or have personal appointments with any of the participants?

How do you judge the effectiveness of the Five Day Plan?

Can the Five Day Plan be used by itself to create interest in your church?

Do you have this goal in mind when you conduct the Five Day Plan?

K. ADVERTISING

Does the Five Day Plan require a different type of advertising, if so why?
How did you develop an advertising approach from home?

Has your basic advertising approached changed since you began the Five Day
Plan?

What is your chief advertising method or medium now?

L. EVALUA TIO N

Would you conduct a Five Day Program in another area if transferred?
Does the Five Day Plan appear to be worth the cost and effort involved?
What plans do you have for future development of the Five [My Plan?

222

69. Are there any other new approaches you would like to try?
70. Have you seen advertisements and literature used by other withdrawal clinics?

If so, what is your evaluation? Compare and contrast with that used in the
Five Day Plan.

223

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(sop)

Most questions can be answered with a word or a phrase.‘ Please answer by

circling the proper number or fill in the alanks to the best of your ability.

 

 

 

 

 

A. SPEAKER
.‘."if'l . IE
ADDRESS Cirrus) WHERE FIVE DAY PLAN WAS mNDUC‘I'En
PRO FE: S ION
0.0 How many years have you been employed in church work as: A Minister
A Physician
1. What type of community service have you done? 1. Evangelism 2. Health
lectures 3. Speak to Civic Clubs 4. Political Campaigns 5. Fund Raising
6. Other
3. When did you begin your Five Day Plan project in your area? 1. '62 2. '63
3. ’64 4. '65 5. '66 6. '67 7. '68 8. '69 9. '70
3. Was your project initiated by: 1. You 2. Predecessor 3. Colleagues
4. Congregation F. Community
u. Check the one which was to be your primary objective for engaging in the Five
Day Plan: 1. Public Relations 2. Community Service 3. Health Instruction
A. Obtain Followers 5. Others
5. When conducting the Five Day Plan which do you usually do? 1. Read directly from
a manuscript 2. Speak from prepared notes 3. Speak without notes.
6. Do you alter the arrangement in different series? 1. Yes 2. NO.
7. Do you alter the style in different series? 1. Yes 2. No.
8. on you alter the delivery in different series? 1. Ves 2. No.
B. POTENTIAL AUDIENCE
8.1 What is the population in the community where you conducted the Five Day
Plan?
9. On what factors is the economy of the area based? 1. Industry 2. Trade

 

 

 

 

3. Tourism h. Agriculture 5. Other.
224.

10.

11.

11.1

12.

13.

14.
14.1
15.
16.

17.

18.
19.
20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

25.

What is your primary anticipated audience? 1. Youth 2. Adult
Are your messages specifically designed to reach any certain types of
people? 1. Yes 2. No

C. PROGRAM FORMAT'AND MESSAGE CONTENT

What is the title or name of your program?

 

If the title is other than The Five Day Plan did it originate with You?
1. Yes 2. No

What is the average length of your message? 1. 20 2. 25 3. 30 4. 35
S. 40 6. 45 7. SO 8. SS 9. 60 minutes

Are visual aids used in your program? 1. Yes 2. No.

What movies are used?

 

Do you alter the sequence of films in the campaigns? 1. Yes 2. No
Do you use literature other than the Five Day Plan guide? 1. Yes 2. No

If so, what is the source of your literature? 1. American Temperance Society
2. Cancer Society 3. Heart Association 4. Other

Are discussions conducted before or after the lectures? 1. Yes 2. No
Do you receive calls for counsel during the campaigns? 1. Yes 2. No
Do you use speakers other than yourself on the program? 1. Yes 2. No

If so, who? 1. Another physician or another minister 2. Layman 3. Youth
4. Other

How do you identify yourself on the programs? 1. By name 2. As physician or
pastor 3. As a clergyman 4. As an S.D.A. S. No identity 6. Other

What specific appeal do you make? 1. To stop smoking 2. Better health
3. Save money 4. Influence 5. Other

Are special gifts used as an award for attendance? 1. Yes 2. No

D. RESOURCES

Who finances your program? 1. Personal 2. Congregation 3. Institution
4. Other

What extra personnel do you have? 1. Secretary 2. Associate Worker
3. Staff

225

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

“I.

42.

What equipment is at your disposal? 1. Business Machines 2. Mimeograph
3. Press 4. Tape Recorder

What is the general attitude of Adventists in your area to the Five Day Plan?
1. Very favorable 2. Favorable 3. Unfavorable 4. Passive

What response do you receive from Adventists for attendance and aid?
1. Enthusiastic 2. Active 3. Little Help 4. Passive 5. Resistance

E. RESPONSES

Which day(s) of the week do most people attend? 1. Sunday 2. Monday
3. Thesday 4. Wednesday 5. Thursday

What is the average number of attendance per clinic? l. 10 2. 2O 3. 30
4. 40 S. 50 6. 60 7. 70 8. 80 9. Other. Give.Approximate No.

Attendance indicates the most responses from: 1. Men 2. Women 3. Youth
Give the approximate percentage of the participants who complete the entire
series? 1. 40% 2. 50% 3. 60% 4. 70% 5. 80% 6. 90% 7. 95%

8. 100% 9. Other

Give the percentage of the individuals who register their attendance by
giving their name and address. 1. 40% 2. 50% 3. 60%» 4. 70% 5. 80%
6. 90% 7. 95% 8. 100% 9. Other

What percentage of the participants take part in the discussion? 1. 40%
2. 50% 3. 60% 4. 70% S. 80% 6. 90%} 7. 95% 8. 100% 9. Other

What is the expressed attitude of most of the participants. 1. Very favorable
2. Favorable 3. Unfavorable 4. Antagonistic

Do you have requests for further information regarding: 1. Your philosOphy
of healthful living 2. Religion

When interest is shown is church attendance encouraged? 1. Yes 2. No

13'. FOLIDW-UP MEETII‘BS

Do you have a follow-up meeting after the clinic is completed? 1. Yes 2. No

What percentage of participants usually attend the follow-up meeting? 1. 10%
2. 20% 3. 30% 4. 40% S. 50% 6. 60% 7. 70% 8. 80% 9. Other

How many follow-up meetings do you usually have? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

How often? 1. Each week 2. TWO weeks 3. Three weeks 4. Month
5. 2 Months 6. 3 Months 7. Other

226

43.

an.

45.

46.

47.

48.

G. ADVERTISING

‘What types of advertising have you done for the Five Day Plan? 1. Newspaper
2. Handbills 3. Poster 4. Radio 5. Direct city mailing 6. Mass
telephoning 7. TV 8. Other

Is there a noticable increase in attendance as a result of advertising?
1. YEB 2. No

Which type of advertising seems to obtain best results? (Place Number
representing type from question 43.)

 

Which type of advertising is next most effective? (Place Number representing
type from question 43)

 

Do you include the title of your program in all advertising? 1. Yes 2. No

Do you identify your program as: 1. Health messages 2. Adventist
3. No identification 4. Others

227