AN APPRAISAL OF REHABILITATION INDUSTRIES, INC.
THROUGH ANALYSIS OF THE SERVICES PROVIDED
TO ITS FORMER EMPLOYEES

Thesis for the Degree of Ph. D.
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
HaroId A. Daishar
I963

 

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2 3‘ 10234 7832

This is to certify that the
thesis entitled

AN APPRAISAL OF REHABILITATION INDUSTRIES, INC.
THROUGH ANALYSIS OF THE SERVICES PROVIDED
TO ITS FORMER EMPLOYEES

presented by

Harold A. Daisher

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

M degree in Egyfié 331 on

;: l; .fi 1‘ /

Date NQVQITIbOI: 14. 1.963

0-169

   
     

  

LIBRARY

Michigan State
University

 

ABSTRACT

AN APPRAISAL OF REHABILITATION INDUSTRIES, INC.
THROUGH ANALYSIS OR THE S‘RVICES PROVIDED
TO ITS FORMER EMPLOYEES

By Harold A. Daisher

The purpose of the study was the appraisal of a

sheltered workshop to determine how effectively it was func-

tioning in its purpose of providing services to the handicapped
through work evaluation, training programs, terminal err-ploy-

ment, and returning to competitive employment as many as

possible of the handicapped it had served.

The data for the study were collected by means of a
pre-service, in-service, and post-service inventory of each
of the seventy-five handicapped former employees. Pre-
service and in-service data were gathered from records of

the sheltered workshOp supplemented by information from the
records of referring agencies and welfare records. Post-
service data were obtained by means of a structured per-

sonal interview with each of these former employees who

ccnild be contacted.

Analysis of the data was made by comparison of the
prwa—service and in-service information with the post-service
tije of placement in terms of employment and non-employment.

Some of the major findings of the research are the
following:

No relationship was found between the type of in-

service rehabilitation program and the disability and the

type of post-service placement of employment or non-employment.
Disability groups per se could not be meaningfully

evaluated in terms of the type of post-service placement be-

cause the placement tended to be on an individual basis, re-

lated to the uniqueness of the individual case, rather than

on a group basis.

When the disability is not taken into account the
type of pre-service work experience and in-service work ex-

perience for each individual showed little or no relationship

to the type of post-service placement.

The higher the educational grade level attained by
the handicapped employee the greater was the likelihood of

his post-service employment. However, there was post-service

employment placement at all levels.

The age of onset of disability showed a direct re-

lationship to post—service placement. Those with the earlier

age of onset of disability were more likely to be post-

service employed than were those whose onset of disability

occurred at a more advanced age.

Those who were younger, between twenty and thirty
years of age at the time of their rehabilitative employment,

showed a greater degree of post-service employment.
Those whose length of rehabilitation service was
short, i.e., one to three months, were more frequently post-

service employed than those whose rehabilitative service

periods were longer. For the most part the former were the

work adjustment and transitional type cases.

Harold A. Daisher

Those with less than a two year differential between
the age of onset of disability and the beginning of rehabili-
tative service tended to be more frequently post-service
employed. The exception to this positive change differential
were those with congenital and early age disability onset,
where the age differential was twenty-to-thirty years, and
who were just entering the labor market. 5

Where change in physical function occurred, positive
change most often lead to employment, whereas negative change
most frequently led to non-employment.

The facility is about equally divided between ter-
minal and transitional service to its employees, provides
work adjustment and training programs to approximately one-
third of those served, and does specific work evaluations on
less than ten per cent of those employed.

The present practice of non-selective employment in
relation to disability, previous work experience, age and
(educational level of the handicapped is justified on the
loasis of successful post-service employment placement.

The available in-service work experiences, as re—
Zlated to post-service placement, are adequate for serving the
ruandicapped. More than half of the clients have been ad-
xnanced to or returned to competitive employment.

The lack of adequate production contracts has
seariously limited the number of handicapped who could be
seyrved and has prevented expansion of the program so that

11335 than half of those desiring service have been employed.

- 3 -

harold A. Daisher

Further areas of research suggested by the present
investigation include: (1) an investigation of the influence
of severity of disability upon the process of workshOp re-
habilitation, (2) an investigation of the relationship of
the self-concept of the handicapped to the rehabilitative
process in workshOp settings, and (3) the influence of worker
concepts of workshop objectives as related to work potential
and work productivity in the workshOp rehabilitation process.

Implications of the possible relationships between
rehabilitation and special education programs were discussed,
since it was observed that those handicapped who were younger,

had congenital or early age of onset of disability and higher

levels of education required shorter periods of vocational

rehabili tation.

 

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rarold A. Daisher

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A l haul o

Subnitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

DOCTOR Cfi‘IWflILoSCRhY

r s

College of education

Guidance and Personnel Services

1963

.-(‘
)IJ

'—

narold A. Iaishcr
Cane date for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy

Firms]. iixanination: November 1A, 1963
Ineisiss: An Appraisal of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.,

Ts

Through Analysis Cf The Services :rovided~To Its
Former Enployees
CutJLirie <3f Doctoral Studies:
Ifagjorw Guidance and Counseling
Fiiriorw Philosophy, higher Education
510; 7‘21":th Items:
543111: hovember 2, 1913, britton, Vichigan
Aczatienic Work: LA, University of Kichigan, 1936
MA, Eastern Michigan University, 1958
IPImpfessional Experience:
Director of Guidance, Adrian Public Schools, Adrian,

Richigan, Fall, 1963-; Director of Guidance, Brooklyn

LJU

Community Schools, Brooklyn, Nichigan, 1961 to 1 C‘;

\

Counselor, Camp brighton, 1959; Visiting staff in
(luidance, The College of hilliam and Ferry, Summer,
1959; visiting staff in Guidance, Kent State
Ijniversity, Sumner, 1960; Assistant Instructor in
(Zuidan e, Fichigan State University, 1960-1961;

I?art—time Instructor in Guidance, Eastern Vichigan

Lhiiversity, 1962-1963; member, Regional nuidance

EDlanning Conference, U.S. Office of Education,

 

Department of health, Education and Welfare, Coluntus,
Chio, 1962; nember of local study group of the
Association for Counselor Education and Supervision,
1961 to present.
Henber of:
Phi Delta Kappa, American Pe°sonnel and Guidance
Association, Association for Rehabilitation Counsel-
ing, Anerican College Personnel Association, Fichigan
College Personnel Association, Wolverine Personnel
and Guidance Association, Viohigan Association of
Local Guidance Directors, Kichigan Counselors Associa—
tion, Michigan Education Association, National
Lducation Association, Anerican Social health

Association, Vicki an and Ha ional Councils on

Fanily Felatinns.

iii

 

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D

This study was congleteu with the assistance oi a

can he acknowledged as individ-

rnuhber of individuals. Cote

. ’ §
Luils and some as nenbers of groups, but tne assistance of

ELll is deeply appreciated.

A special acknowledtnent goes to Dr. John E. Jordan,
Cruiirnan of my doctoral committee, who gave invaluable assis—
teuace and advice in the writing of this thesis, and to the

otflder members of the committee, Dr. Halter F. Johnson,

llr. .John X. Janrich, and Dr. Charles F. Mrigley for their

kielgpful commentaries and directions.

Thanks are also cue to the administration of the

lrughaun County Pehabilitation Center and to the officers of

FHahcflailitation Industries, Inc., who were so cooperative in

ILanifMJ available the records and information without which

truis study could not have been completed.

To my colleagues at Adrian Public Schools no my

tffiarnés .for their continued support, encouragement, and

sincere good wishes .

Special thanks are due Ly niece, Yrs. Edna Jensen,

'ncl r1614 husband, Ctto, for the inconveniences caused them
a .

r'hj,l€3 sshe gave generously of her time, patience, and skill
V~

irl h1§€¢3ardijthis manuscript. To the nenbers of my family
e

rci CLf ray Wife's family so my appreciation for their constant
a 1
(SoLquggenent and best wishes.
er) ‘

iv

To my wife, Rollie, my special thanks and deep
appreciation for her concern and support, her unfailing
patience, confidence, and encouragement.

Last, but not least, I an especially indebted to
our five-year-old son, Jerry, who was a constant source of
a very special type of instiration while the manuscript wa

111 preparation.

\I

S

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 1V

LISTOFTABLES.................... Viii

Chapter

1:. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction 1
Sheltered Workshop Sponsors and Programs A
History of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. 5
Need for the Study 9

Purpose of the Study 10
Definition of Terms 12
Limitations of the Study 13
Organization of the Thesis 1A
III. REPRESENTATIVE LITERATURE AND RESEARCH . . . . 15
Introduction 15
Review of Literature and Research I
Workshops Defined 17
Purposes of Sheltered Workshops 18
Workshop Standards 21
Types of Workshops 22
Employee Selection 23
Employee Evaluation 2
Wages of Employees 26
Workshop Operations 27
WorkshOp Financing 29
Placement of Employees 30
Psychological Factors Influencing
WorkshOp Adjustment 32
Summary 35
:IIII. PROCEDURES AND METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . 37
Initial Procedures 7
Subjects of the Study 38
Development and Use of Survey Instrument 38
Collection of the Data 39
Limitations on the Data Al
Analysis of the Data “2

vi

Chapter Pave

IV. INFORMATION ON STUD: POPULATION . . . . . . AA
Characteristics of Study Population . . . AU
Employee Evaluations of Rehabilitation

Industries, Inc. 60

V. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . 6“

Introduction 6N

Analysis 6“
Summary of the Results 8

VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, HECOMNENDATIONS,
IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR

FURTHER RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Summary 96
Conclusions 99
Recommendations 103
Implications 106
Suggested Areas for Further Research 109

BIBLIOGRIXPEKY O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O 0 O O O O O 111
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

A. Survey Form 119

vii

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

LIST OF TAJLET ‘

Summary of former employee contacts . . . . . .
Disability by sex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Source of medical information . . . . . . . . .
Sources of referral . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iarital status at time of employment . . . . .
Age at onset of disability . . . . . . . . . .

Age at employment at Rehabilitation
IndUStries, InC. o o o o o o o o o o o o o 9

Length or employment 0 o o o o o o o o o o o c

Number of employees at month end for each
year Of Operation 0 o o o o o o e o o o o o 0

Educational level by grade and disability . . .

Educational level by grade and receipt of
welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ShOp wages by month from time of opening to
time Of StUdy o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0

Employee attitude toward Rehabilitation
IndUStrieS, InCo o o o o o 9 o o o o o o o o

Expressed employee attitudes toward experiences
at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. . . . . .

Type of in-service program by disability group
and type of post-service placement . . . . .

Former employees on terminal programs by
disability and type of post-service
placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Former employees on transitional program by

disability and type of post-service
placement 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0

viii

69

71

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I

19.

20.

23.

2Q.

25.

28.

29.

Former employees on evaluation programs by
disability and type of post—service
placement 9 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0

Former employees on work adjustment programs
by disability and type of post-service
placement 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0

Former employees on training programs by
disability and type of post-service
placement 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0

Type of in-service work and type of
post-service placement . . . . . . . . . .

Length of Rehabilitation Industries
employment and post-Rehabilitation
ITAdUStrieS, Inc. placement 0 o o o o o o o

Pre-service work experience and post-service
type Of placement 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o

Attained educational level and type of
DOSt-SEPVICe placement 0 o o o o o o o o 0

Age at onset of disability and type of
post-service placement . . . . . . . . . .

Age at time of in-service employment and
type of post-service placement . . . . . .

Age differential between age at onset of
disability and age at in-service employment
as related to post-service placement . . .

Changes in physical function and type of
post-service placement . . . . . . . . . .

Applications by disability and number
emp 105,83 9 o O O O O l 0 O O O O O O O 0 0

Reason for job termination . . . . . . . . .

ix

Page

73

74

75

77

79

86

87

88
90

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Introouction

The sheltered workshop, as it exists today, is of
comparatively recent origin, yet the roots of its develop-
ment extend far back into the past. history is full of
references to man's inhumanity to man; of the fear, the sus-
picion, the discrimination against the physically and mentally
handicapped and of their treatment through destruction,
abandonment, or banishment as thouah they were visible evi-
dence of something evil, something to be avoided. Traces
of this same attitude are still evident today along with an
ever increasing awareness of the brotherhood of man. Allan
(1:3) points out that the Christian principles of brother-
hood, charity, and the dignity and worth of the individual,
along with the democratic concepts of individual rights and
freedoms, mutual dependence and trust form the basis of our
growing concern for our fellow man and especially for those
with handicaps.

by the Kiddie Ages, according to Chouinard (6),
the Church had begun to treat the deaf with charity and to
provide shelter for the disabled in abandoned monasteries.
In England, the Elizabethan Poor Laws of the Seventeenth
Century gave first civil recognition to the growing conviction

of community responsibility for the disabled. These laws

- 2 -
provided relief in the fern of workhouses for such persons.
fhe American counterpart was the poorhouse. In both instances
the object was charitable custody. It was St. Vincent de

d that work was a therapy for body

N
\0

Paul who first reoo ;ni
and Spirit. In the e; rlyr sixteen hundreds, he established
a hOSpital where the old could find shelter and work suited
to their ability.

The concept of r habilita tion in the form of care
and education for the d isrbled was first put into practice
in hunich, Germany, in 1820. In 1840, the first workshop
in the United States was established in a school for the
blind, Perkins Institution in iassachusetts. Meanwhile,
workshops for the ortmi pedically disaOle d be31n to syring
up in the form of custodial hones, clinics and hospitals

d under

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durin: the middle e ghteen hundreds. These dwe
the impetus of the study and pra actice‘ of orthopedics. hear
the close of aorld war I, rehabilitation prOgrams, influenced
by the growing practice of physics medicine, began to be
established. The first one was the Institute for Crippled

and Disabled in hen York in 1917. The realization that phy-
sical restoration and work training were integral and closely
related parts of the rehabilitation process was clearly evident
by this time.

world war II gave greet impetus to advances in re-

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5.1..

habilitation. These advances have not on y promoted increa

wareness by the americen public of its responsibility to

L13

the disabled, but also stimulated efforts in behalf of their

needs.
Federal legislation has been ins trumente 1 in :ro-
noting the cause of rehabilitation of the disabled. Jith

the passe e of Public Law 256 in 1920, the federal govern-

‘ ’V
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ment gave official recognition and support to the rehabili-
tation effort. dubseq ent laws strengthened this support.
For example, in 1954, lublic Law 565, among other provisions,
made available federal fund for the modification and im—
provement of both facilities and e;uipnent of sheltered work-
sheps.
This brief resume' calls attention to only a few
of the many milestones in the czrowing awareness of public
responsibility and the economic value of pfm cal and voca—
tional restoration of the disabled. lres nt sheltered work-
shOps, in their many forms of organization and purpose, are
attempts to implement, in a concrete way, this awareness.
The following quotation from Chouinard (57:1) seems a fitting
summation of this growing awareness and of the attempts to
implement it:
The current surge of interes in this country
in workshops for the disabled and in rehabilitation
in general has come from a slowly developing but
far- rea chine social consciousness of the e1ploymen
and other rehabilitation needs of the physically
halldicappej o o o
accompanying this...has been a sharpening of
understanding of the econ onic and human benefits
to be reaped from vocational rehabilitation services
to persons left with physical or mental limitations

as a result of illness, injury, or congenital con-
dltiOIlS o

1‘ k

workshop oronscrs

Sheltered workshois are initiated by and receive
their support from a variety of sources. The Salvation
Army and Volunteers of Anerica, along with Goodwill Indus-
tries of America, are national organizations which support
local workshops. Such national voluntary organizations as
the United Cerebral Palsy Association, the Kational Associa-
tion for the Nentally Retarded, and the National Society for
Crippled Children and Adults help support workshOps of local
affiliates. Several national religious denominations sponsor
workshops under the management of local affiliates. Some
state welfare and rehabilitation agencies and departments
of education also sponsor workshops for the blind, deaf,
mentally retarded and severely disabled. Other workshOps
are adjuncts to hospitals and their rehabilitation prograns.
Still others are initiated and supported by local communities
and private organizations.

Along with the variety of Sponsorship, there is
also a wide range of programs carried out by the approximately
500 workshOps in this country (50:2). Some of these programs
are limited to employment of those with a single disability.
Cthers have programs for those with multiple disabilities,
or, in other words, they service all who can benefit from

their services. The workshOps vary from the terminal type

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‘he disabled employee, unfeasihle for coupetitive
employment, finds continued work, to the transitional shop

xhere he is expected to prepare himself to take his place in

--~ v . . ' - ‘7' I “I very . ”V
~13 variety’cn tune PrOyrfuua is too

great to more than sketch briefly here.

historv of

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ehabilitation Industries, Inc., presents a distinct
pattern of development inasmuch as it is an outgrowth, or a
culmination, of a program of rehabilitation for the disabled
in Ingham County, Lichigan.

Two doctors, members of the Geriatrics Committee
of the nghan County medical Society, in 1951, conceived the
idea of a rehabilitati n yroqram for the County (41). The
idea Wei developed in eXploratory talks and the Geriatrics
Committee took it as a major project. A coanittee known as
"The lrofessional advisory Committee" was formed. It was
comgosed of members of the medical docietv; rerre entatives
from severe 1 de,art1ents of hichigan State University, the
State Crippled Children's Society, the ota te Division of
Vocational Rehabilitation, Visiting burs es, lhysical Pherapy
personnel; and llldiVi du als of the comaunity interested in
rehabilitation. This committee functioned for more than a
year before a pilot study was under dash, in 1952, at the
Inghaa County hospital, Ckemos, to determine the advisability
of a relw bilitation program.

This pilot stuiy proved satisfactory. Conseiuently
in Lovember of 1953, a decision was reached to establish an
advisory Council, to elect a Board of Directors and to in-
corporate, if neces sar,m and finally, to apply to the_Ccm-

nunity Chest for financial support. In February, 1953, the

- (1| -
Ingham County Yeh.:bilitation Center was incorporated as a

organization wit ouarters ir. the Infha. County
,

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5..

non-profit

.-

.. p. as. , ‘
fiOSyiteLl, Uhe.slc\s 0
rm. 1“. , ,. .. y. A. L.‘: 7 .- r to
sheltered woiksro established. ine \ccational 18—

5“

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habilitation Conmittee, in l , reconmended that the de-
habilitation Center make plans for establishing a sheltered
workshop {atterr ed after the Goodwill Industries in Lansinf.
however, this was not acted upon at the time, but in April,
19?“ the Committee was directed by the Borrd of Directors

//’

cf the InLhan County Rehabilitation Center to anain study

(I)

tAE typ of sheltered workshop needed. After considerable

eXploratory work and planning this effort culminated in the
establishment in February, 1956, of Rehabilitation Industries,
a contract sheltered workshop as a division of the Inphan
County Rehabilitation Center.

Purposes of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. The
purpose, according to Article II of the by-Laws of Rehabili-
tation Industries, Inc., is:

...to evaluate, train, place and employ voca-
tionally handicapped persons and to stimulate public
interest in the rehabilitation of persons who are
handicapped because of disease, male diustrent, in-
jury or for any other causes; to manufacture, repair
and service any and all articles of cc Inwerc ; to
perforn services of all kinds for customers, such
as packaging, assembly operations, woodworking, sort-
ing of small parts, steel palletizing, addressing
and mail work, furniture re; air, refinishing and
upholstering, as well as fulfilling any and all
customer requirements. The purposes of this cor-
poration are entirely humanitarian and no pecuniary
benefit or margin of receipts above expenses shall
accrue to any nenber or individual (2:2h).

 

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fortlcn of JUQ finuicxs is cerivau fran revenue r3a11sed
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froa tne contracts. Another source of INCOM: is the

on of Vocational

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char;ua cuiar a CnCldo, such as tge u1v1

for work eValuation ani vocational retraininc of person

A ,nuaa .4--o ‘1 K'v ‘,o‘ ‘ »' ' . , V‘ ‘ "‘ ' ‘ "I ' I W 3‘_ 4“"
bOm unity Lflszt LuQ been a can 1nu11y suggertsr and cuts

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1L12;tiCWh5 1nt3r3:_,; in trd indiuxmh3_growrsfld

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Federal Funds. In addition, in lo an ar, 1‘

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the Cfficc of focational dehaollitation in Hashington, in

unction with tho state Divie’ ion of Vocationa Rehabili—

tation (11), granted the min of Cd,OC0.00 for a six—month
dini July 30, 1936, to assist the work of dev e10 0p-

in; the “orks no;.. IL October, 1956, a second grant in the

\
4

amount of $11,000.00 was made to continue the assistance.

June 30, 1957, when the provisions

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Its termir ation
of the federal law, luhlic Law 535, under which it was

granted eXpired

Rehabilit ction Industrli es, Inc. hired its first
iirector in l: bruiry, 1955. lrior to his an“o*l ntnent the
director had o33n a field aggnt of the Division of Vocation-
nrea. a shop sunarvisor
for the morkshoy was recruited from local intiustry. He

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f'1\‘\ll LALLKA. QAL‘V :3 OLA: xJ‘J. Jibor

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selected fron the e:*lo,e:s this tins and served
wls roylfice oy a sh i snrarviser ”uo also, like
su12rvisor, , s r3cruited fr3i iniistry. 133

23313n3d in say, 1911. while °3lsctior of 3 nun
ma b3ini W343 his function “us filled by the 3

County

The first 33

few months to ta< anctl or jJt in competitive
job 'hich an still holds. at th end of the first
ot3ration 3nployment had gro‘n to seve persons.

yeals

director

”enter,

Was hired in

, left

Inc.

Lay,

avitZLin

sing-l oyzaon t , a

vv \ "
52:01.1" Oi
-1- ,\
.ut tulj

an in-

crease to 23 by Ray, 1959. The hi¢hcst level of enzlovmen
was reached in no nbcr 19:9, Mh‘h h3re were 38 persons

on he payroll. Lack of contracts and suitable
a drastic 45 re cent cutback of engloyecs at th-
loV3mbe r, 959. By the follo may th3‘3 zero

in the shn l‘lis level of ez‘i‘. loyrz:3nt continuad
steady but by the 3nd of June, 96 , it
snob emtloyees.

*Incc wrror.t3d.

 

A“.
\H.;

b3cah3 Aciuoilltuti

<Jork

3 end

Industries

led to

OP

uad drogg3d to 14

+M .
L311?)

on Ju 1; l, 1360 (S). Tii: seru3i the yurgose o
the accounts of “chutilituticn Industri nc.,
Chest-suggorted 3gency, from.tthe of the Inghu
habilitstion Center which is not su1yort3d by

lest. The txo orr'1113ti0hs, howeVer, still
have the scae ”curd of Directors, corwosed of
the same jxecutiV3 Director.

the Study

 

previously

113

Chops each with e groirem b3st suited to its

is s~f¢3sted by eutho ities in the field that 3
define its own goals 3nd cejectiV3s in 11 ht of
the cxmmrunity'ijltjiich.ii; is located, ‘131 the c

when it till serve.

“

IALCO 1..de JCCLtuS tAldL/C

.[ltj’ serves persons who are More a
in th3 rehabilitation yrocess who 3r3 in
voce tiohal truihin; or retraining to qu
for a return or elvehcenent to conpetiti
rna3nt The herdice1ped worker i? assign'

3 of vork and fo working hours i

ty‘g
by

r
(47

hi lS condition.

 

.1.

11161118

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-«

a Community

County a

(D

Coxxiu1ity

(L‘

tries,

Research Resolution. On a notion pa
Ingd -au County Rehabilitation Center Bourd of Directors
herch 18, 1959, the Resesrc11001uittewes
consider the development of research to be

the suyerv1sion of LiC ‘

the services of the Ingher County Rehebilitu

iigen State Tjniversity to

instructed to
undertaken under

Aluete

I
F.)
C)

I

...s kind of huwan and e ononic 'cos st account-
ting' ...i;very Sheltered or lo; rr. 1st decide
'nether it will aim to trfin handicapped persons
as1roductive workers for ou tsice employment or
'Iovioe explcyr.t nt for the chronically unemploy-
ubles, and in "hot proportions to divide their ener-
aies and resources and at what costs they justify
the us se of their resources, and hozv they can arrive
at some evaluation of the 'Lost eifective use' of
their resources (3 ).

C
\
KS

Such was the jus tificstior. for this present study,

t

‘1tn

O
P.
( )

the oihensions of which were ceveloped in conne n
the Research Conmitteo of the Ing;hom Cour tv Rehabilitation
Center; vfix) oesirmni that timus study suxvild be irztflue form

of a survey of }:ast rche bilitativc opera tions and should

1 of Eeha

w

S

Fig
Cl)

confine itself to an appre

Inc.

Purtcse of the Stugy

 

 

The purpose of this study was to make an argwr isel
of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., to determine if the
rehabilitative services, which it has pxov i‘deo to the
haneicnpped workers whom it formerly employ3d, have been
in keeping with the eXpr,ssed purposes as outlined in
Article II of the Ey—Luus. Ticse objectives include:

1. The evaluation and development of work
potential of those hen(iicapped persons in
need of this service.

2. The training or retraininr of those handi-
capped inciviuuals where necessary to assist
then to becone exHIlOIz blo.

3. The return to competitive orploynent of as

tony of the han;icapped when it serves as
possible.

ilitotion Industries,

l 1
I
u.

h. The employment in sheltered work conditions of
as many as possible of those handicapped persons
whom it has served and for whom competitive
employment is not feasible.

To be more specific, this appraisal was nade by Leans
of a pre-service, in-service, and post-service inventory to
indicate the degree of success, if any, these services, as
related to the below indicated factors, have had in re—
habilitating these handicapped former workers as measured
by the type of post-service placement of each worker. It
will be expressed in terms of:

l. The relationship between the type of dis-
ability and the type of rehabilitative work
program to the ultimate placenent of the
worker.

2. The disability groups which have been most
successfully, and least successfully, served

in terms of placement.

3. The relationship of the type of in-service
work experience to the type of placement.

u. The influence of the type of pre-service
work experience upon the type of placement.

5. The influence of the educational grade level
attained upon the type of placement.

6. The influence of the factor of age upon the
type of placement.

7. The influence of the changes in physics
function of the disabled upon the type of
placement.

&. The degree to which the handicapped have been
served in relation to those desiring service.

9. The extent to which Rehabilitation Industries,
nc., has been serving as a transitional and a
terminal facility for the handicapped.

10. The growth of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc
3’

O
in terms of the number of handicapped enplo ed.

 

Beiinition of Terns

r".
J.

he following terms were used in this study'
Disabled or handicapped Individual - any individual
\eith a physical impairment who received one or more services
.from Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.
Physical Function - refers to the evidence of vol-
xintary mechanical function in activities of daily living of
the neuronusculoskeletal system.

Placement — the kind of work, or non-work, situation,
of the individual after his discharge.

General Labor - refers to a type of activity in-
volving a nunber of different low-skill level iobs as in

U

‘work evaluations.

Dart-time Work - employment on a continuing but not
a full-time basis.

Full-time Work - employment on a continuing basis
of approximately a forty hour week whether or not on ten-
porary lay-off.

Odd Jobs — Occasional work with no continuing basis.

Terminal anloyment - employment in sheltered sit-
uations for workers not capable of conpeting in the open
labor market.

Sheltere” Employment - employment at Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., for a period of twenty weeks or more.

Transitional Employment - employment, renerally
on a short term basis, that leads to employment in other

than a sheltered work setting.

Evaluation - a tryout of different work experiences

 

to indicate the work potential of an individual.
Work Adjusthent - work experience designed to
develop a capacity for work and to form good work habits.
Traininr - a prescribed program designed to de-
velop an increased level of skill in a particular type of

work.

Liuitations of the Study

The pepulation of this study was limited to those
disabled individuals who were employees of Pehabilitation
Industries, Inc. prior to June 30, 1961 anc for whom adequate
records and information were available to permit a pro—service
inventory. A further linitation was a requirement of residence
within a fifty mile radius of Lansing so they might be con—
tacted for the post-service inventory interview.

Ho attenpt was tade to evaluate the physical facili-
ties of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., to Ceterrire their
adequacy or inadequacy in relation to the services provided
those handicapped persons. Auain, no attenpt was made to
evaluate how these facilities affected the outcome of ser-
vices provided.

The influence of psychological factors, social
climate, recreational and social facilities, supportive
agencies, management, and supervision upon the results of
the services and the post-service adjustment of those dis-

abled persons served were not taken into account.

Organization of the Thesis

Chapter one has presented a general description of
the rationale for the present study. A short survey of
'work shops in general and a brief history of Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., has been given. The specific purpose of
the study has been presented. The definitions of the terns
used have been described. Finally, the limitations of the
study have been discussed.

In Chapter two, a review of representative literature
and of related research was presented.

Chapter three contains a description of the neth—
<2dolouy used in the collection, organization and analysis
«of the data.

In Chapter four a description of the study popula-
tion was given along with other related follow-up inforna-
tion.

Chapter five contains an analysis of the data rela-

tive to this studv 1nd a discussion of the results.
J

(1‘

The final chapter contains a summary of the study,
‘the conclusions that have resulted, recommendations, implica-

tions and suggestions for further research.

n ’1' v t :3 ~ I
vlgfl Lgik 4.7

“ T; E ' A" I] ”'11 ' - 7' ‘- - TT 'A‘ .. T ,'\ .. “ '= W," r
HALL Liabgunui .LA‘L~ 4.. J; Li .L .J-<~o--..L » L‘JLU ALLIU ‘{.ngou1U-EL

ntroduction

 

representLtivs literature in the field of reacbllitution.
Jpecificully, it 2111 look at lit;rature which is related
to workslojs in particular, and to the aspects of rehabili-

tation that pertain to sheltered uorksn01s in general. It
nvill also concern itself xith literature Specifically re—
The caapter is organized to inclule literature in
the following areas: a general overview of the literature
and.reseerch; emglo es selection, GVuluation, and wages;
choloaical factors in—

' ‘ ‘ _. 1 I I ‘- l“ J— O r‘
of renaoiliteticn

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Review of Liter itu.c arc Fesearoh

Jr-‘t '-‘_‘—-- .-""-'"

 

A search of the literature reveals that, nhile the
lite ature is quite extensive in relation to the various
asnects of rehabilitatioi, relatively little has oeen di—
rected snecificallv toward the sheltered “crkshoy. For tae
.most part, these writinrs tend to deal largely with the
‘processes of rehabilitation of srecific disabilities and

. . r3 ‘ ‘ .' - n 0 ;-~ " ,A -~ _-, n , 1 - ‘u 1 . A. . I: I‘n ‘ N 1' q "0‘
only inc1uentallj uith sneltcrau ”ornsno~s in a blobs sense.

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ChAYTLT III

!H§D TUTThCEIflJEUY CH7 Tifii SETH}?

P L1
’3
(D
(“2
n
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f
C

Initial Procedures

 

A

A number of conferences with the Pesearch Connittee
of the Ingham County Fehabilitation Center were held to de—
velo; the objectives and purposes of this study. In fierch,
1959, on a resolution passed by the Board of Directors of
the Ingham County Rehabilitation Center, the Research Con—
mittee was instructed to consider deveIOpnent of research,
under the supervision of Vichigan State University, to eval-
uate the services of the Kehehilitation Center.

As originally designed in COOperetion with the Pe-
seerch Cexuittee, the purpose was to study the Ingher County
Rehabilitation Center, which is made up of both the Rehzbil-
itation Industries, Inc., and what is now the Pehebilitation
Hedical Center. however, because of the reorran zeticn in
1950, and the change in the structure of the Ingham County
Rehabilitation Center with the establishnent of the Fedicel
Center, it was decided to linit the present study to the
Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. It was further agreed that
this first study would be in the nature of a survey of the
rehabilitative results of Fast perstions.

The purpose of this study is to make an appraisal of
Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., to detern he by means of e
pre-service, in-service, and pest-service inventory, the

effect of the rehabilitative services, as measured by their

_ 37 _

gest—service plecenent, ugon those individuals employed by
ehgoilitu.icn InCus tries, Inc. The purpose is to det er—
mine the exte nt to which the results of these services are

in keeping with the expressed purposes of providing proxrens

of work evaluations an: work adjustments, trainir.j or re-
training, trans itionsl or terwmin l elrloyre nt end the plecir f

in coupetitive enploynent as nLny as possible of those ois-

ableo individuals discharged fron er; loynent at Pehebilitetion

Influstr'es, Inc., prior to June 30, 1961.

subjects of the S udv

 

r4
'1‘

The subjects of this study ere tnose seventy- -:ive

\

handicapped individuals who had been employed and had actually

H

work eo one or n.or e days at Fehebilitation Industries, nc.
These individuals who were employed but had no discernible
disability were excluded from the study. The select ion of
the subjects was made upon the has 8 of medical inftrmetion
contained in records at Eehabil itation Indu3tri es, Inc., or
upon inzornat ion which could be substantiated from records
of the referring agency. The file on former erployees con-
tained eighty-six folders but, on exaninetion, nine of these
employees, or ten per cent, ere elirir et ed because they
were non-disabled persons. Twc other employees were hired
but oid not actually work, thus were elinineted from the

study.

Develcgnent and Use of Curvey Instrument

because of the nature of the study, a survev in—

nm— - -

 

“

- Var-3 "y ”,r1 9 "n r1 x 4%
Ah-UL‘ :AC'\A .LO. L106: .._L;

.. ’F r WIN‘ :5 "'~‘ , ‘-" ‘I--: x. 'r. i‘. r'r~ ~‘r-—3_,,
the cats on each oi the ciscnazten hlncic_;;ed e.glwyees

usewi in time sttuhz. lira instrlnoent xvas

' "V

constructed fror

tyres of iniornation contained in cestrin ferns already in

(l) the

-, - r q r. I I — - A“ '2 F- . ,~ y‘ f- r- ‘. Q
enyloynent application and uh sical ei~

tre twnleral :wzsic

Instruction of

hehabilitat

Ifeoitx l IJAQKIertIOIE

capacity suggested by those used in a

ducted at the Rehabil tation

University of Pennsylvania.

Center oi

(19)

The survey instrunent was so 0

coulo be used to collect the

pre-servi

ion Industries, Inc.,

v: . n T"- - U". A].
. N V ‘ , .Vn , , ,
f.€‘(-C):L, . ()3 0»! .\O. ‘11—... ’

t' ,. mr' YT m. ’,—~ .- f, ‘,', ‘1 ' 4n.» — ’ \ °‘ w,- -, ‘ 4" T 3.1., '
iCe (i \uoctlJNdl .enubiliuation, MEpu)tAtnt oi Puqllc

fiichiban, and (3) items related to rrvsicel

follow-up study con—

the hospital of the

unstructed the it

ce data, the in-service

oata, and the post-service follow—up interview inform: ion.

Collect on of the Fata

PJ-

 

A search of the records at Beh

Inc., was made to collect th
charged disabled employees.

to the survey instrunent. L
each of the discharged hendi
in a EO-nile radius of Lensi
was personally interviewed.

The data utilized in
sources. From the records o

Inc., the following sources

e raw oata

This data

fter this

cz:p;3ett en»;

abilitation Industries,

‘ O

Y 1‘ fl - g —.
:iJ;ilobie on the bis-

A 1‘ \ I ,0“ , “
W08 nen transierres
tata has been collected,

loyees, who lived with-

ng, and who could be located,

f hehabili

were used:

y care from a number of

taticn Industri

”D
U)
to

the individual

- 4H) -
' 5 ‘ ' ‘~ : “ ’. ‘ ‘ ; . “- ‘ 1' ‘, -‘.~‘~ vv v r- m ‘- . '~.
employee's ile, -nclutiru toe on leftent o, licatio! the
geoicel recorls are various pe- ti nent eryloynont ;n1ormatnon;

the payroll records; the tile cortc7s; she the rcnthl y employ—

l>—i

rent records. n sedition, cats were collected frcn the

7

records of the JiViSiCU 0: Vocational Rehstilitsticn, and the
recoros of the Innhen County Department of Telfare.

These sources :rovioeo the tzsi for ore-service anc
in-service inlornstion. Locause of inadequacies or incorplete-

ness Ci records, such as er,lozr‘rt aynlicetions, enrloynezt

records and medical records, multiple sources of informatior

so

had to be useo in many inst noes to substantiate the infor-
mation. Pony items of infornation were either left out or
recorded in such a way as to leave tie info nation obta L o
of little value bf itself.

In tle foll w-u; survey, to obtain post-service

7"“1‘

information, structurefi personal interviews were used. geese

J

(f)

e i this

’5

were based upon the survey form develope . for u

-"C

study. The intelvie s were confined to those forner eiployees

who coulo be located and who livefl within a fiftv-Lile radius

of Lansing, Iichi en. lo sugplenent recoroeo irforneticn

’-
f.
\_/

available on those individuals who lived outside the pre-

Scribco area or who coulo not be reached, a number of other

5 «I -n . . ~ . D .1 r - ‘ ‘ “ "l v i ‘r ‘| "“I‘ i.) ‘ ' V‘—
ielswnns‘vere Idxiliseu. .dnese incllmxrl Ler ten“; ol to: 3J~Aoflldo’

(U

amily anl others who yersonolly knew the dischartei em-
ployee, such as the present workers of long—time employ—
uent at Fehabilitation Industries, Inc. Unere tho re was

,5

question of valioit y' 01 the info nation, a cross-chech 01

yvrs A W x ._ q 0 .-x 3. ‘7 Gm y . O ‘- ‘ «I O v.1.‘- a
two or hole sources flaS usec to xerily the inlorLac on.

Ahere this cross-check was not tossible, the

f-Jc
*1
n
“‘5
7"
J
C.)
( f
9.1.
’3
'1

;s not used.

Linitetions on the Ta 3
Lexerel li: itati one on the infoznatior usec in this

stucy need to be indicated. to attenpt was Lade to dcte

!

P A)
:IV"
H-
l- J

mine the degree of ver:ty of the uis ity for each ferrer

I

eLplo w: e nor the efiect of this severity upon the results of

the employment experience. TJiS was due in part to the lack

O
p.
W“
(I

“equate information relative to the severity of he dis—
ability prior to employtent at Fehabilitation Industriec
Inc., and in part to the fact that this aspect was outsile
tile scepe of this particular investigation.

Another factor which could not be contra? let; he-

3
cause if tie irlluenc of the tiLe factor upo n accurac; of

recall, was the halo effect of inioryation obtained fPOL

the individual on the application blank :ni in the structured

I." o

inte’vitA. That some CL his halo effect is to be ex;ec ted;

1

-r-\ ‘A :.".-»,-A,
Sc; puolishec in Lepte her,

'_ ‘ ‘ fl '. " - b r I I
is baStU on PCHWan of c stuuy \
1901. It was found that the valiflit3J of work history infor—

V'V ("s . .3 ~ -' . ‘ 9" y Y ‘. . y '5‘. 11' c r- : a 1“ , ‘- ,- .
mathh obtaineo ;rou toe inuili. cl Wd: influencec rest b3

the time factor operating between the job termination and

‘4

O, tnE‘t "in-

g»
H
0’)

the interview time. The study indicateC,

ir ect ion of

p...

validity" occurred most frequently in the c
"tin {rlkink In addition, it was reported that no evidence

was found to indicate that the vali ditv cf inf m atior

,-

J:-
P. )

reported Variud sL :nific ant 1y among the older workers, the
lsabled, the less educated, frcu that reported by any other

worker group.

Analysis of the Date

After

A

tiled into a comycsi

inforLation tabulate
Lajor disability cla

This information was

number of ad(fi

of

Cl’l‘: pl
- I 1
In the anaiy
5 Arm. ‘- ~y r\-1
Ireiuenc, ta les

of the information

the date

te frequency table

were collected, they were first com—

with each type of

i according to each of the twenty—three

ssific Htl ns utilized in this study .
then analyzed and froh it were oeve lored

n the anfirais»

hubilivttion Industries, Inc.
sis of the data of this stumy these

(If

post-service

tent of the foruer workers, the growth of the facili ' iv
terms of employment and the extent to which the purposes cf
the on"‘rizi.i>n are beiné vet relative to serving the

” V\x‘

haICiCdcred. Each

to determine the si.

A
lat-.10?

nship between

Post-service placeme

number of ta bles were de velcte(3
tile

nt

of the tables was ciscussed and aralyzed
gnific1n ce of the information it contained.

to stxuv the

1‘5:-

the type of

ere-service

Aork expe rience, the in-service work experience, the factor
cf age, the f ctor of ecucati,n, and the effect of the
ch es in mlysiCel function. A corposit u“r‘rv table

shows bv cisa

group

the in—s

«7'?

98 [’Vi

O

ce grcgra

-113.-

—‘ ‘P ~ ~ ~ ‘fi‘ 7 ' ~ I n -‘ -‘ l\ , v.- - " “
cisablec 1Lr'er engioyees .rv the types oi ttsoenenL ior
_ “ ',
:Jcr c1 tae ~reuts.

Cther tables show the number erglcyeo in relation
to total numter of agplications by disability groups; evalua-

tion of the program of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., in
terms of terminal, transitional, evaluative, anc training
probrams for each of the disability groups; and the progress

"\

or growth oi Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., in terms of

employment of the handicappei.

Additional frequency tables relate the various dis-
abilities to such factors as age, sex, narital status,
educational level, sources of referral, medical records,
receipt of welfare, and the attitudes of the former en-
plcyees toward Rehabilitation Industries, lno., and their
experiences while enrloyed.

The data as developed in the frequency tables were
expressed in terms of absolute numbers, in percentages, or
in a combination of both, uepending upon which seen i to
lend itself most adequately to the clarity and the under—

standing of the information contained therein.

.V'W ~Yv’.'. ‘m \." .?' "I" ".‘._7 , ~T-‘YYT ft} \"
11--‘KM- . futililA- CA. kJAI LJ. FCJL L'LJA;.I‘(;ILI

Characteristics of dtudy POpulation

 

Of the seventy-five disabled former employees in the
study, fifty-five were contacted for personal interviews,

four could not be located, two were contacted but refused

to g“ant an interview, four were deceased, and the remain-

ing ten were living outside the research area. Table 1
presents this summary in relation to the various disabilities
of the discharged disabled workers. In all cases the classi-
fication was Lade on the basis of the major disability even
though there might be other complicating factors or dis-
abilities.

Further examination of Table 1 shows that the two
largest categories of disabilities, those with nine cases
each, were back injuries and cerebral palsy. The next largest
group, those whose major disability was blindness, had seven
cases. Hext were the arthritic and traumatic injury cases
with five each, followed by amputees, deafness, and psychiatric
groups with four cases each: There were three cases of
miscellaneous diseases, and two each in anatomical defects,
cerebral thrombosis, epilepsy, hemiplegia, hypertension,
over-age, post-tuberculosis, post-operative, and paraplegia.
Those groups with a single case each were cardiac, Erbs
palsy, multiple sclerosis, and post-polio. Therefore, the
seventy-five discharged disabled individuals in the study

Q

- bu -

L”
I

TABLE l.-Ǥummary of former employee contacts

v 'w“..

-—r--— — u-n- .mv‘t'm‘.‘ --.- o ”m.—
—-..._‘l"‘.—.'..—..'—a:r— -.""‘-’ ‘._. .1 "uc'V w‘n—wm‘- —...— ("u-A .

'———_—A‘ at- .'
-

‘r—_>-

 

 

 

Total Inter— Unable Refused Deceased Living
aces viewed to Inter~ outsiie
Locate View hesearch

Disability area
Anputee U 2 1 O 1 O
Anatomical Defects 2 2 O O O 0
Arthritis 5 5 O O O 0
Back Injury 9 9 O O O O
Blindness 7 u 0 O 1 2
Cerebral Palsy 9 6 o 1 o 2
Cardiac l 1 O O O O
Cerebral Thrombosis 2 l O 1 O O
Deafness U 3 O O 1 O
Bpileosy 2 1 O O 0 1
Erbs Palsy l 1 O O O O
Hemiplegia 2 2 O O O 0
Hypertension 2 2 O O O 0
Mental Retardation 3 2 l O 3 O
Nultiole Sclerosis l 1 O O O O
Overage 2 1 O O O 1
Post Tuberculosis 2 l 1 O O 0
Post ?olio l 1 O O O 0
Post Operative 2 2 O O O O
Paraplegia 2 l O O O 1
Psychiatric U U 0 O O O
Traumatic Injury 5 2 1 O O 2
Misc. Diseases -3 _l _2 _2’ _i _l

Totals 75 55 4 2 U 10

 

 

 

are contained under the twenty-three different disability

categories indicated in Table l.

T

ment by the former employees within the research area.

had as many as three and four different addresses.

in addition there was considerable geographic move-

Some

cases, or approximately one out of seven, moved outside the

personal interview area of a fifty-mile radius of Lansinfi,

hichigan.

Of these ten cases three had married since their
discharge: the two traumatic injury cases, and one of the
miscellaneous disease cases. The two cereb‘al palsy cases
were living at home. The epilepsy case was confined to a
Lental hospital. The over-age case was in a rest home. The
three remaining cases, two blindness and the paraplegia, were
working in competitive emplovhent.

Table 2 presents a breakdown of disability by sex.

Of the total cases in the study, the vast najority, or
eighty per cent, are male and only fifteen cases are female.

As the table indicates, twenty per cent of the women,
or three cases, were arthritic while two each were cerebral

~ a

palsy, dealness, and

f?“
l

nese four

Cf
’3
'1)

.unatic injury cases.
categories nake up sixty per cent of the disabilities anon;
the forher women employees.

In only one category out of the twenty-three dis-
abilities does a male fail to appear, while there were no
women in thirteen of the categories. In each of the dis-
ability aroups in which wonen appear, their number is pro-
portionately hither to the hen than their total numbers to
the total group.

Some of the difficulty with incomplete records is
evident in Tasle 3. This shows that medical information
could be obtained from both the employment application and
a medical report in inly seventeen out of the seventnyive

cases under study. Medical reports were available on only

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total
Disability Cases Male Eemale

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-.-——‘.— .- ”_ an. ‘" --. n..-
. v ‘- .

 

Traumatic Injury
Vise. Diseases

Amputee h b O
Anatomical Defects 2 1 1
Arthritis 5 2 3
Back Injury 9 8 1
Blindness 7 7 9
Cerebral Palsy 9 7 2
Cardiac 1 1 O
Cerebral Thrombosis 2 2 O
Deafness b 2 2
Epilepsy 2 l l
Erbs Palsy l 1 O
Hemiplegia 2 2 O
Hyoertension 2 2 0
Mental Retardation 3 2 1
Multiple Sclerosis 1 1 O
Overage 2 2 0
Post Tuberculosis 2 2 0
Post Polio 1 O 1
Post Operative 2 2 O
Paraplegia 2 2 0
Psychiatric u 4 O
5 3 2

3 2 __1_

75 CO 15

Totals

 

 

i
!

twenty-nine cases, or forty per cent, while the disability
in over half the cases, or forty-two in nunber, was deter-
mined on the basis of the application information supplemented
by information from other sources.

For only two out of the nine cases of back injury
were medical reports on file. A similar condition existed
for the cerebral palsy cases, with three reports out of

nine cases on file. There were no medical reports on file

TABLE .--9ource of medical information

 

 

 

 

 

Disability

Amputee

Anatomical Defects
Arthritis

Back Injury

Blindness
Cerebral Palsy
Cardiac

Cerebral Thrombosis
Deafness

Eoilepsy

Erbs Palsy
Hemiplegia
Hypertension
Mental Retardation
Multiple Sclerosis
Overage

Post Tuberculosis
Post Polio

Post Operative
Paraplegia
Psychiatric
Traumatic Injury
”isc. Diseases

Total

Total Appli-
Cases cation

\)
\fllwkn L'A) POP-‘F‘J’Ot—‘VJ'O DJt-‘N-él‘o‘OI-JNJVWKRIQ (I?

only

if:
N!OMH!“~)NQSJOHWOHHH\JHHO‘kflflWON

‘ Hired as Nonwdisabled.

.- .--..-—-*-vv-'a‘—-

 

—-~— 3‘ C w—‘-.~-'——.-——

-~‘_

Medical Both No
record records record
only

H

toizoso<3<3<3 C>C>C>C>C>C>C>C>F‘P‘C)C)kJCDP*r4(Ub¥
H A

-qlraratV¢J~o H'C>H*C)C)C)PJC>C>C>H‘C>\J{?b4k‘C)hJ

el .3

for the hypertensions, mental retardation multiple sclerosis,

post-tuberculosis, post-Operative

a large nunber of medical reports

the situation relative to

as bad as might appear.

medical

Although

on file, in a number of instances

‘A’

and para.legia cases.

yr

'La

1
.L

1

ti

were missing from the files,

information was not quite
t

nedical reports were no

“'A

it";

Cical information

A

‘f! ‘1 S

+—

V

-149-
available from, but not supplied by, the referring aaency.
Four of the cases, as shown in the last column of
Table 3, have no record of disability indicated and no
medical report. while all four has a disability, within tie

definitions of this study, all were hired as non-Cisabled

Ho

employees. These four cases, plus the n he employees pre-

viously indicated a

a

non-handicapped, rake thirteen, or
fifteen per cent, of form r employees hired by Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., as non-handicagped workers.

The sources of referral, Table U, as determined
from the information contained in the employment applica-
tion, indicate that the greatest nunber, sixty-three per
cent, cane via one source, the Division of Vocational Fe-
habilitation. This referral was usually related to a were

evaluation, a retraining program, or an employment referral,

.)

since many of these cases were eligible for assist nce

TV

through the offices of the Division of Vocational Rehabili—
tation of the State Departnent of iublic Instruction. rThe
Division naintains a counseling office in the facilities of
Pehabilitation Industries, Inc.

The next largest referral sources were: (1) the
Kichiban State Employment Security and (2) the Services far

the blind. The former made nine referrals, the latter, five.

The last column of Table k, designated "Cther," inclufies

CCLS‘

H)

s referred by Curative Wor‘ ShOp, newspaoer ads, doctors,
friends, and the like.

Table 5 presents the marital status of the former

TABLE U.--%ources of referral

 

 

“-1-.---..-_

.—--.—'- — A .— -
- .——- .4.- -_r——“m -

mu - -m.“ “:m—w ~—-.‘d.'-‘--“I

 

 

 

Divi~ Mich. Ser- Veter- Wel~ Other

sion State vices ans fare

Voc. Empl. for Adminn

Pehab. Secur. the istra-
Disability Blind tion

. m.- -o-'——v-—a “"M»-ww- ‘w—
aw.- ~.--uan mw'-———-—_-m—.—

 

 

 

Amputee

Anatomical Defects
Arthritis

Back Injury
Blindness

Cerebral Palsy
Cardiac

Cerebral Thrombosis
Deafness

Eoilepsy

Erbs Palsy
Hemiplegia
Hyoertension
Mental Retardation
Multiple Sclerosis
Overage

Post Tuberculosis
Post Polio

Post Operative
Paraplegia
Psychiatric
Traumatic Injury
Misc. Diseases

‘0NFCNOHN‘OOxflQl—‘I—‘r—‘C‘HHCDMCY‘WI‘HL‘
\OlHl—‘HOHOOOOONOOOOOOOONOHt,‘

-Q

Totals

—-‘ w-

disabled workers at the time of their employment. This

indicated by sex and by disability group. As the table
shows, ma‘e employees were about equally divided betkeen
single and married. Only eight out of the sixty mentwere

civcrced and one was widowed. In the case of the women,

quite a different picture appears. All the ferales fell

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into two cotevories: rine were sinble anc six were divorcee.

l

however, between the time they were oischerged fron Pehabili-
tation Industries, Inc., and the time of the study, five of
the ferales had married.

Further examination of Table 5 reveals that all of
the cases of anatomical defects, cerebral palsy, cardiac,

Erbs paler, mental retardation, post-tuberculosis and post—

polio were single. One of the ferale cerebral palsy

O
{1)
0’)
( D
C. 1

is now married. Anond the arthritic cases, four out of

are divor,ed. £rony the two heri;le;ie and two paraplegia

.1

cases, only one, a parenlegie case, is not divorced. Cn the

[Jo

rr ed.

0)

ther hand, all four of the amputees are h
To further fiefine the poyulstion, Table 6 shows the
distribution by ate groupings of the former handicapped e:-
ployees according to the onset of the various disabilities.

1'):

(J

V.‘
I

U)

*xeminetion of the table that almost one-third, or

(
0)

Q-
P.

twenty-three cases, w re sobled at time of birth, and

’1

that forty-four per cent, 0 thirty-three cases, were nineteen

(D

or yourger at the tin of the onset of disability. of the

‘

seventy-five handioe;ped persons, approximately sixty—two
per cent, or fifty-cue cases, were under forty years of
age at the onset of oisability, only two cases were beyond

sixtv *ears of a*e and twent'-two of the cases were between
a L ’

*4)

the eves of forty anc sixty. Among the over-forty age group,

at onset of disabilit

(C
u

were, For the rest part, the arthritic,

cerebral thrombosis, hypertenSion, and nu tiple sclerosis
r‘ x < ‘ ~ ' i. ’1‘. . n "A \ :«fi Lat-Qt r «(a r " M-
C:s:s. The other misusilities teroed to have an onset be.e;e

TABLE 6.--Ags at onset of disability

 

 

“mu-1w . v-

 

 

 

 

 

AGES

Disability 0 _1__9m_2._i.,-1~::;-_’»" “glasses-22
Amputee O O O 2 l 1 O
Antomical Defects 2 O O O O O 0
Arthritis 0 1 O 0 b O 0
Back Injury 1 1 1 h 1 1 O
Blindness 3 1 0 O 2 1 O
Cerebral Palsy 9 O O O O O 0
Cardiac l O 0 O O O O
Cerebral Thrombosis 0 O O O 1 l O
Deafness 3 O O O O l O
Epilepsy O 2 O O O O O
Erbs Palsy 1 O O 0 O O O
Hemiplegia O O 0 1 1 O 0
Hypertension 0 O O O O 2 0
Mental Retardation 3 O O O 0 0 0
Multiple Sclerosis O O O O l O O
Overage O O O O O O 2
Post Tuberculosis O O O 1 l O 0
Post Polio 0 l O O O O 0
Post Operative 0 O O l O 1 0
Paraplegia O 1 O O O l 0
Psychiatric O 1 1 2 O 0 O
Traumatic Injury 0 2 3 O O O 0
Misc. Diseases _9 _g’ _1 _l ._g _1 .J2

Totals 23 10 6 12 12 1o 2

 

the age of forty. Several of the disabilities, however, did
indicate a nixed pattern relative to age at onset of dis-
ability.

While the vast majority of the subjects of this study
were under forty at the onset of disability, the differential
between the number under forty and the number over forty had
narrowed by the tine they were employed at Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc. As Table 7 snows, there were only fifty-

three per cent, cr forty cases, under forty and forty-seven

TABLE 7.——A e at emgloduent at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

 

 

Disability

.-v- p. --. —— '-

 

Total
Cases

Under
?0

v--.-

Anne
~I- U

20
?9

30
39

 

 

13‘
O

 

Amputee

Anatomical Defects
Arthritis

Back Injury
Blindness

Cerebral Palsy
Cardiac

Cerebral Thrombosis
Deafness

Epilepsy

Erbs Palsy
Hemiplegia
Hypertension
Mental Retardation
Multiple Sclerosis
Overage

Post Tuberculosis
Post Polio

Post Operative
Paraplegia
Psychiatric
Traumatic Injury
Misc. Diseases

Totals

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knlOCDC’OOOOl—‘OLJOOOOOOOt—‘Or—‘HOH

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per cent, or thirty-five cases, over forty.

There were

seven cases beyond the sixty-year category and two of

were over seventy

the majority of these were,

uaticn programs,

high schools. There was

the oth r a{e brackets.

/

for

fairly

be

post

ya I}
L‘(..
L

even distribution

'c, in work

hese

Only twelve cases were under twenty and

. '1
eval-

or training programs in cooperation with

anong

One—third of the cases were under thirty, with all
of the cerebral pals", three of the deafness, three of the
traumatic injury, three of the blindness, and half of the
psvcnintric cases in his group. All three of the mental
retardation cases were under twenty when hired by the

Industries. Only twenty—five per cent of the cases wer

(D

(I)

over fifty years old at th tine of employment there.

On the basis of disability grouping, Table 8 gives
a picture of the length of employment for each of the handi-
cagpec individuals formerly employed. While the work periofi
by individuals ranged from less than one week to over four
years, most of the employees, or sixty-three per cent, were
employed for less than six non hs. In length of employment,
the largest numbers of employees fall within brackets of
three to six months and six to twelve months. Cnly seven of

1

the discharged hendicappeo workers were enployed for two
years or more. In contrast, four of the present sixteen
employees have been continuously erployed for sore thhn two
years and two have been employed for four years or longer.
Table 9 shows the number of employees on the payroll

at the end of each month. These are ad u-teo fifiures that

Cu

CJO

incoryorate within then the number of new erployess hires
and the number of terrinations each month, to give the not
figure at the end of the month.

Except for a decline in January, 1958, it shows a

continued and steady rise in employment until the peak level

was reached in October—EOVember, 1959. On Hovenber 30, 1953,

TABLE 8.--Length of employment

 

4 ‘--~I- - mnfl—weo—mvautma-m gins"... ~m.———.-mm
M N *‘_‘ m —-W:'r'"‘”

0-1 1-2 2—3 3—0 0-12 12—18 18-24 Over
Mo. Mo. M0. M0. M0. Mo. Mo. 2b

 

 

 

 

 

Traumatic Injury
Misc. Diseases

Totals

Disability Mo.
Amputee O O O 1 2 O O l
Anatomical Defects O O O 1 l O O 0
Arthritis 0 1 1 0 3 O O 0
Back Injury 1 1 O 3 O 1 1 2
Blindness 1 1 O H O O O 1
Cerebral Palsy O O 5 1 O 2 O 1
Cardiac O 0 O O l O O O
Cerebral Thrombosis l O O O O O O l
Deafness 2 l 0 l O O 0 O
Epilepsy 0 l 1 O O O 0 0
Erbs Palsy 0 O O O 1 O O O
Hempilegia O O O 1 1 O 0 0
Hypertension 1 O O O 1 O O 0
Mental Retardation l O l l O O O 0
Multiple Sclerosis O O 0 O 1 O O O
Overage O O O O 2 O 0 0
Post Tuberculosis l O 0 1 O 0 O 0
Post Polio O O O l O O O 0
Post Operative O O 1 1 O O O O
Paraplegia O 2 O O O O O 0
Psychiatric l O O O 3 O O 0
O l 1 2 O 1 O O

.2. .9 .9. .9. .1. .9. .1. .9.

10 8 10 18 17 4 2 o

the lack of work forced a drastic forty-“ive per cent cut-back
in employnent. With only two exceptions, the employnent level
for each month since then had a downward trend. This trend

is also evidenced by the average monthly total of employment
for each year for employees during 1960 and through June of
1961.

Examination of the educational level attained by the

discharged handicapped employees, Table 10, reveals that

TABLE. 9.--Number of smeloyees at month end for sash year of Operation

 

 

 

 

Month 1951:; 1957 19523.. 1955-9 19m 1961
January 5 11» 16 25 17
February 3 15 19 25 18
March it 18 22 lo 17
April 7 18 23 17 10
May ’4 8 18 26 17 14
June 6 11 18 27 17 in
July L1 11 19 18
August 6 12 19 29 12
September 5 18 19 31 12
October O 20 19 37 12
November 6 2L» 21 21 13
December 6 3% £2 £2 18
Aver—arts Mont‘tily Totals 5.375 12.25 18.08 25.17 16.83 lo 3

 

twenty-eight individuals, or thirty-seven per cent, were

t
high school graduates or better. Seven of the cases had
training beyond the high school level and two of the seven
were college graduates. The table shows twenty-six individ-
uals with an eighth grade, or less, education, forty-one
with some high school education to high school graduation,
and seven with training beyond the high school. The average
level attained by these discharged handicapped workers was
approximately the 9.6 grade level. The younger workers tended
to have a higher level of education than the older workers.

Of those attaining the twelfth grade level, four were from

the school for the blind. 0n the whole, however, each of

TABLE 10.-~3ducational level by grade and disability

 

 

 

Total

I3isability Cases 0~’ 7 E 9 10 11 12 13 ll 1: 10
Amputee LL 1 1 l l 0 O 0 0 0 0 O
.Anatomical Defects 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Arthritis 5 0 1 l 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
IBack Injury 9 0 1 0 0 1 0 b 1 2 0 0
Elindness 7 (1 1 0 () 2 0 11 0 0 (3 0
Cerebral Palsy 9 O 1 2 1 1 O 3 O 1 O 0
Cardiac 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Cerebral Thrombosis 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deafness u“ 1 1 o 1 o o o o o o o
Epilepsy 2 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l
iErbs Palsy l 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Hemiplegia 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Hypertension 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 O 0 0 0
Mental Retardation 3 1 0 l 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple Sclerosis l 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oversee 2 l 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Post Tuberculosis 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Post Polio 1. 0 O 0 f) 0 () 1 O (3 O 0
Post Ooerative 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Paraplegia 2 0 l 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Psychiatric 1* 0 1 1 l 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
‘Traumstic Injury 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
1415c. Diseases 3 _l’ _2 _2_ _1’ 0 _0_ O 0 0 0 1

Totals 75 5 9 12 7 ll 2 21 2 3 O 2

 

. 0
Information on one case not available.

the disability groups showed a distribution of the individuals
among the various grade levels.

Table 11 shows, by grade level, the number of former
disabled employees who have been drawing welfare since their
discharge, as well as the number who have not drawn welfare.
Of the twenty-six individuals who had an eighth grade, or

less, level of education, eight, or thirty-one per cent,

'TABLE ll.——Educational level by grade and receipt of welfare

 

 

~~n~~o-—o-—r”.-‘ .— qw- — - a.-- o - v—o

 

~-—-——‘.no - -F—-LA a. .

 

 

 

~--"- '-'— ‘— - 'oo-o .t‘nc——=— ~. . .—'-- - _—-——.——.

 

Grade Number Drawing Drawing Drawing Drawing no
Cases Welfare Welfare Welfare Welfflle
Before at R.I.* After Since R.I.*
3.1. R.I.

n & under 3 2 2 2 l
5 0 0 0 0 0
6 2 0 O O 2
8 12 2 3 2 10
9 7 1 1 1 6
10 11 0 2 2 9
ll 2 0 0 0 3
12 71 3 3 h 18
13 2 0 0 0 2
1h 3 l 1 1 2
15 0 O 0 0 0
16 2 0 0 0 2
Not Given 1 l 1 1 0
Totals 75 12 17 17 58

 

 

. * e s 9
Rehabilitation Industries. Inc.

were drawing welfare and eighteen were not. There were forty-
three handicapped in the ninth throuth twelfth grade groups
and of these, seven, or sixteen per cent, have been drawing
welfare since their discharge. There were seven in the
educational group beyond the high school, and of these, one,
or fourteen per cent, has drawn welfare since discharge.

These figures would suggest that those former handicapped
employees of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., who had an
education of eighth grade, or less, were more likely to be

on welfare than those who attained beyond the eighth grade.

Table 12 indicates shOp wages by the month paid to

TABLE 12.—-Shop wages‘bg

 

.- v . —.--—- .-
‘ ‘---‘.

mu--—'~”-c v.—

 

 

E from time of Opening to time of study

 

 

 

 

 

 

1957 1958 1959 1960 19t1

.January $3,519.02 $2,6u9.1u $2,950.03 319. Le
February 2.1”3.58 2,uug.5 3,1U7.53 2 .627. 20
March .373.99 .976. 75 3,185.23 296.cu
.April 709.97 2,587.85 u,u35.98 2,u21.82 2,132.69
May 1,126.85 3,939. 51 ,L72. ’ 2,569.37 2,392.38
June 1,18r.é3 2,52¢,uc 3.639. :6 3,1ue.-u 2,c13. 2
July 1,312.23 2,5t6.19 6,909.18 2, 515. 2,
August 1,888.9u 2,845.32 3.570.17 2,165 .80
September 1,868.80 2,000.59 3,610.9” 2,323.81
Cctober 3. 353. 90 3,817.74 5.738.80 1,908.62
November 3,215.39 3.07b.b# b.02 .58 2,09M.95
December 3.525.67 2,979.0? 3,619.28 3,262.&9

Totals $18,170.71 $3M.318.6u 3 5,190.06 $32,193 36 $15.581.25

 

“- - - m--.—.-—-———..-" - -m---m'-- '

former handicapped employees. Tote 1 wages paid have varie

from the present rate of‘ about M2 00. 00 per month to over

$5700.00 per month during the peak period of employment in

1959.

v-w

Eyployee Evaluations of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

As part of the study each of the forrer disabled

~~~

employees contacted was asked to express how he felt about

Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., and about his experiences

while working there. Table 13 shows the response pattern

v A Y '7' " A ‘5 r. ‘ .-
by disability groups. Of those responding, eighteen ex~

pressed attitudes which could be classified as distinctly

‘—— m"-..c- -»-..- a-

d

TABLE l3.--Employee attitude toward Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

“-‘w- --»-
Ma n-‘-—— ------—- ---¢-:—----—

Total Favorable Unfavorable Mixed No he-
Disability Cases Sponse

 

 

- _— - -._~-_-.- ..

 

 

 

 

 

Amputee

Anatomical Defects
Arthritis

Back Injury
Blindness

Cerebral Palsy
Cardiac

Cerebral Thrombosis
Deafness

Epilepsy

Erbs Palsy
Hemiplegia
Hypertension
Mental Retardation
Multiple Sclerosis
Overage

Post Tuberculosis
Post Polio

Post Operative
Paraplegia
Ps3chiatric
Traunatic Injury
Misc. Diseases

Totals

OON

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favorable, and four expressed attitudes which could be classi—
fied as distinctly negative. The other thirty-two expressed
mixed responses, which included both favorable and unfavorable
reactions. The twenty-one cases in the "no responses" cate-
gory included the ten individuals outside the interview area,
the four deceased cases, the four individuals who could not

be located, the two who refused to be interviewed, and one

individual who declined to connent.

-62-
A nore detailed picture of the attitudes expressed
is presented in Table l“, where reactions have been tabulated
into response categories. While the majority of those re-
spondin? eXpressed both favorable and unfavorable evaluations,
there wes a total of forty responses that could be classified
as positive. Host of these were related to two different
reactions. These were a general feeling expressed in "liked
working there" and evidences of appreciation for "training
and work adjustment" and other "opportunities for handicapped"
at the Industries.

Examination of the negative expressions reveals that,
while a number were distinctly unfavorable, may of the re-
Sponses might be categorized as more evaluative and as
pointing to possible areas for improvement in operation.

More specifically, the largest numbers of responses, accord-
ing to tabulations within the categories, indicate that

nany of these persons felt that work and training experiences
provided were inadequate and wages for the amount of work

expected were too low.

TABLE l¢.~—Eypressed enployee attitudes toward erperiences at
Rehabilitation Industries. Inc.

 

”-n. -- -
-~--_---v-— — —_——w- o-_- ..'L

h)

l—‘POl—‘kfifll—‘w

Liked working at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc
WorVers were understanding

Provided training and work adjustment opportunities
Provided opoortunity for handicapped to work

An aid to findinn employment

Liked first manager

Liked second manager

(‘

:-fi v -4 "51 \ CC!“ Q
Jaw

Disliked first manager

Disliked second manager

Poor management

Need of husiness manarer

Need for social worker for employees

Management lacked understanding of handicapped

Administrative interference

Provides inedeouate work and training eXperiences 1
Train more handicapped and retain fewer emplo;ees

Hire handicapped rather than skilled non-handicapped

Lack of suitable jobs for handicapped

Wages too low for amount of work eXpected 1
Poor physical conditions of facility (heat. light. dirt)
Personality claskes among employees

Overcharging of customers

Carrying materials into and out of shop

Transportation difficulty in reaching work

Drinking, especially on payday

Workers putting jobs off on few workers‘

HRDFOWWWKJUKJHHOHHHHQJL‘N

‘

t . .. .
Warned by management for this practice.

_. ~.-.—'..'~“_—vu‘-.p-

CnAPEhV V

[‘LH‘LALYvTQ CW '71.? Tinmf.

L.-‘.4‘-U Ab‘A—J L’J‘l‘

Intrccucticn

The present chapter is concerned with an analysis of

f‘b

this stucy. The iniornation is presented by

FOJ

the data c
beans of frequency tables aha by discussion and analysis of
the significance of the information. In all instances the
objective is to inoicate the kind of relationship existing

between the information being presented and the post—service

placerent that has taken place.

Analvsis

-able 15 {resents a corposite picture showin_ by
cisability group the type of employnent Proprzn provideo

anu the type of ,cst-service placement made. 1.e left half
Of the table contains infornation incicating by cisability
group the type of in-service program pursued. The right
half shows by disability group the type of post-service
placement that was naue. The next tables to follow indicate
in greater detail the relationship between the particular
type of prop°am and the post-service placement.

Examination of Table 15 in greater detail shows in
general a non-patterned oistribution of the type of in-service
programs among the disability groups. This indicates that
the particular pregram was on the basis of individual reouire—
ment rather than on the basis of disability group. The

terminal employment and the transitional enplovnent programs,

-bu-

-55-

TABLE 1§.—-Type of in~service program by disability group and
type of post—service placement

 

m we“: mun—man“
. A ———‘ m‘ .- ‘O "- -W

 

No. Trans- Evalu- Adjust-
Disability Cases Terminal itional tion ment Training
Amputee
Anatomical Defects
Arthritis
Back Injury
Blindness
Cerebral Palsy
Cardiac
Cerebral Thrombosis
Deafness
Epilepsy
Erbs Palsy
Hemiplegia
Hypertension
Mental Retardation
Multiple Sclerosis
Overage
Post Tuberculosis
Post Polio
Post Operative
Paraplegia
Psychiatric
Traumatic Injury
Misc. Diseases

Totals

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Pdlh‘h)k‘k‘h‘C>C)C)C>C>AJhJC)rthC>C>h)k‘$TC)C)*‘
\JIC)C)P‘C>C>C>F‘CJC)AJC)C)C)C)C)C)C)h‘k‘h‘€>C>C>
H
tolc>c>c>c>kac>c>c>c>rdcpr4<3<>n>r4<3xorutard<3"
H

' \» CDPJCDF‘C3hJC)C)C)C)C>C)F‘C)C>C>C>h)thJbJC>C>

TABLE lS.—«Continued

-W “M. “W. *m.

-—l.—- - -rfl- mme-m~__'. m mummmw

Sheltered

Competitive
Employment

Not

Employment

Have

 

 

Not Not

Now

ll Part

Eu

Full Part Odd

Time

No.

Deceased

Worked Known

Jobg Time Time

Time

Cases

Working

100010001000

100000000000

112012010102

002201000000

000002000000

000110000000

010300100000

100220001110

 

0100

0211

0000

0000

0000

0000

0001

00.1121401040002000

1inenvnenv1invfu

0001101_8

monumenvne1ino70
nvnununv1inunu_1/
nonvnv1invnenu_1/
nunenone1invnefo
nonenvnvnenene_ol

1.1ioenv1l1/1i_”w

b,9~</Q,7.o/1ioghwog1i9a?~1J1.9~9.1i9.oenw:111_%u

 

- g7 _
as could be expected, were the larger ones with each proprar
involving twenty-eight per cent of the total cases or twenty-
one cases each. The work adiustnent and the training prograns
were next with thirteen cases each or seventeen per cent of
the total handicapped employed. The work evaluation program,
designed to measure the work potential of the handicapped

t
individual, involved only seven, or nine per cent, of the
total cases.

Looking at the right side of Table 15, again there is
a general non-patterned distribution in the type of post-
service placement among the disability groups. anmination
shows that twenty-two, or twenty-nine per cent, are working
full time in competitive employnent, nine, or twelve per
cent are working part tine, and six, or eight per cent of
the total cases, are working sporadically at odd jobs. Six
of the former employees are now working in sheltered em-
ployment, three on a full tine basis and three on a part
tine basis. Including both competitive and sheltered employ-
ment, one-third of the handicapped former enployees are now
working full time and twelve, or sixteen per cent, are work-
ing on a part time basis.

Approximately one-third, or twenty-four, of those who
formerly worked at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., are no
longer employed. Six individuals, or eight per cent, worked
for a time but are no longer working and eighteen others or
twenty-four per cent, have not worked since they left

Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

- 65 -

Cf the total of seventy—five disabled former en-
ployees, forty—three, or fifty-seven per cent, are ga nfully
employed to some detree and only twenty-four, or thirty-two
per cent, are not working. Four of the former enployees are
now deceased and four could not be located.

Table 16 is a further breakdown of Table 15 to show
by disability the post-service placement of those former
workers who were on terminal programs. It should be noted
that nearly half of the twenty-one cases are now working,
but only four in full tine employment. Of these Your, two
are married and two are working as janitcrs in a hospital.

annination of the placements by disability groups
reveals that, of the two amputees, one is now working on a
part time basis and one is now deceased, but continued to
work at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., up until the tire
of his death.

moth of the cases with anatomical defects were on
terminal employment. One does mostly odd job typing and the

other is drawing welfare and has not worked. There is some

H

enployer resistance to the latter because of his physioa
appearance, according to medical records.
lhe arthritic case is not now working because of
physical deterioration.

The back injury case is only one of nine such cases

and is presently doing carpentry work on a part tine basi

’J)

There were two cases of blindness and one is now work-

inb full tire in a laundry, while the second is now deceased.

- cg; _

TABLE 16.-«Former employees on terminal programs by disability and
type of post service placement

 

. _ .———.
’- ‘s'mmvs— u-‘v .vs- 4‘

Competitive Sheltered
Wat. Employment Not

Full Part Odd Full Part Now Have
No. Time Time Jobs Time Time Work-Not ‘ Not De-

 

 

Disability Cases ing Worked Known ceased
Amputee 2 O l O O O 0 O O l
Anatomical Befects 2 O O l O O O l O 0
Arthritis 1 O O O 0 O l O O 0
Back Injury 1 O 1 O O O O O O O
Blindness 2 l O O O O O 0 O 1
Cerebral Palsy l O O O O O O 1 O 0
Cardiac l O O l O O 0 O O O
Serebral Thrombosis 1 O O O O O O 1 O 0
Multiple Sclerosis l O O O O 0 O l O O
Overage 2 O l O O O O l O 0
Post Tuberculosis l l O O O O O O O 0
Psychiatric 2 O O O 0 1 O l O O
Traumatic Injury 2 l O O O O 1 O O 0
Misc. Diseases 3 _l_ _O_ __C_)_ __9 _g 3 __O_ 3 __1_
Totals 21 u 3 2 o 1 2 6 o 3

i

The Cerebral Palsy case is now not working, but draw-
ing social security.

The cardiac case is working at odd jobs. While he
indicates an interest in steady work, the evaluation at his
termination indicated limited work potential and the re-
quirement of close supervision.

The cerebral thrombosis case left Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., to draw social security and has not worked
since, and the same is true of the case of rultiple sclerosis.

Of the two persons who were overage when they were
hired, one is now working part time and drawing social

security. The other is in a hospital for the aged.

The post tuberculosis was the first employee and is
now working full time as a janitor.
Two of the rsychiatric ces s were terminal employees

and since their discharge one has been working part tire in
sheltered work vhile the other has been in and out of a
hospital for the mentally disturbed and has not workeC.

One of the two traumatic injury cases has married since
her termination. The other is on a sizeable pension anf no
longer working, although he did work part time until his
pension became available.

one of the two miscellaneous diseases cases is also

:1
l l
:3
C“
p.
n
m
a
(D
’3‘
c 1
,

marries and, therefore, is herei' ;s employed

rill tlh‘. The other is now oeceased, but he he: ccntinuec

(h

working until him 068th.

The post—service employnent of these terminal cases
ea" be due, in part, to misclassification, since the basis
was arbitrarily set at twenty reeks emgloyment, unless there
was evidence to indicate otherwise. It also suggests a de-
veloyment of work potential through continueo enyleynent over

0

a long period or

C?

ine.

Table 17 e further hreelchn cf Table 19 tc

; .,
(11
n .
C
{,7
O

A

Show the relationship between those lorher enylcyees on

transitional employnent and their post-service plecenent.
Since tLose on transitional crplcvment are working toward
coupetitive enployment, it is not surprising to note that

eleven of the cases are working full tine, including the one

rment nno onlv five are not new work‘ng.

V

in sheltefiwxi exllo

(("

_ 71 _

TABLE l7.-«Former employees on transitional program by disability
and type of post service placement

 

 

— fl ———' — a‘-"~a.w
v A ." --- “4—-

 

 

 

 

Competitive Sheltered Not
Employment_ Employmen§_Now Have
No Full Part Odd Full Part Work— Not Edi Dem
Disability Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing, forked Known ceased
Amputee l O O O O O O O l 0
Back Injury u l O 2 O O l O O O
Blindness l O O O O O O l O O
Cerebral Palsy 2 2 O O O O O O O O
Deafness 2 2 O O O O O O O O
Epilepsy 2 O 1 O O O O 1 O O
Hemiplegia l O O 0 O 0 O l O 0
Hypertension 2 2 O O O O O O O 0
Post Operative l l O O O O O O O O
Paraplegia l O O O 1 O O 0 O 0
Psychiatric l 1 O O O O O O O O
Traumatic Injury 2 l O O O O O O 1 0
Misc. Diseases _l_ _O_ __Q 3 __O_ __O_ _9_ _1_ ___O_ __9_
Totals 21 10 1 2 1 O l u 2 O

The one amputee case could not be located. Cf the
four back injury cases, one is working full tine, two have
occasional odd jobs. One of the two doing odd jobs has her
children to look after and the other claims his back doesn't
permit steady work. The fourth case is no longer working be-
cause his condition became worse and he is now on social
security. The blindness case now has the complications of
arthritis and he has not worked since he left Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc.

both of the Cerebral Palsy cases are now working full
time as janitors. One of the two deafness cases worked only
a few days at The Industries but has been continuously em—

ployed since he left. The other case is now married and

takirg care of her famil".

both of the ep lepsy cases worked only a short tine.
The condition of both has become worse since their discharge,
so that one is working only part time and the other has not
worked. The Heniplegia case has not worked since being laid
off from Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

Both of the hypertension cases and the post operative
case are working full time. The case of paraplegia worked
for only a short tine then took a full time job in a sheltered
workshop. The psychiatric case was hired as a machine opera-
tor anu is now working full tine. One of the traumatic in-
jury cases could not be located and the other has full tine
employment. The miscellaneous diseases case has not worked
since his discharge and is now on a pension and does not
want work.

Table lb shows the placement of those who were on
evaluation Irograns while employed. Of these cases, the back
injury case is presently in school and not worki a. one

blindness case is working full time in a sheltered shop. The

Cerebral Palsy case has a severe imbalance condition and has

not worked since discharge. The two mentally retarded cases
were found to be unsuited for conpetitive empl yment. They

have not worked since the ternination of their program. The
post tuberculosis case could not be located a d the psychiatric
case shows evidence of withdrawnhess and has had only ood

Jobs since discharge.

._ 73 -

TABLE 18.--Former employees on evaluation programs by disability
and type of post service placement

 

Competitive Sheltered Not
_§£ngxm§g&_ Employment Now Have
No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work— Not Not Be—
Disability Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
Back Injury 1 O O O O O 1 O O O
Blindness l O O O 1 O O O O O
Cerebral Palsy l O O O O 0 O 1 O 0
Mental Retardation 2 O O O O O O 2 O 0
Post Tuberculosis 1 O O O O 0 O O l 0
Psychiatric .1. 9 .0. .1. 9 9 2 9. 9. 9
Totals 7 O O 1 1 O 1 3 1 0

Table 19 shows the placerent of those former workers
who were on work adjustment programs in order to deveIOp
greater work tolerance or acceptable work habits. Of the
thirteen cases, seven, or over half, are employed either part
time or full time. Only four of the cases are not working.
The anputee case has not worked since discharge, but shows a
history of a poor work pattern and receipt of welfare. The
condition of the arthritis case becane worse while employed,
forcing him to leave and he has not worked since. Tie back
injury and blindness cases are both working part time. Of
the three cerebral palsy cases one is working full time,
one has a part time job in a sheltered shOp and one, who has
a private income from an estate, has not worked since dis-
charge. The cerebral thrombosis case has returned to full
tine work. One of the deafness cases is now deceased and
the other is working part tine. The heniplegia case has

not worked since discharge and the mental retardation case

-7u_

TABLE l9.~~Former employees on work adjustment programs by disability
and type of post service placement

 

 

 

 

 

 

=:za_l - -- " ‘- -::=
Competitive Sheltered Not
Employment Employment Now Have
No. Bull Part Odd Full Part Work— Not Not De»
Disability Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
Amputee l O O O 0 O O 1 O 0
Arthritis 1 O 0 O O O O 1 O 0
Back Injury 1. O 1 O O O O O O O
Blindness 1 O l O O O O O O O
Cerebral Palsy 3 l O O O l 1 0 O O
Cerebral Thrombosis 1 1 O O O O O O O O
Deafness 2 O 1 O O O O O O l
Hemiplegia l O O O O O O 1 O 0
Mental Retardation 1 O O 0 O O O O 1 0
Po st Operat ive __l_ _l_ __Q _9_ __O_ __Q _Q _Q __0_ __9
Totals 13 3 3 O 0 1 1 3 l 1

 

cannot be located. The post operative case has returned to
full time employment.

Table 20 is the last of the five table breakdown of
Table 15 and shows the post-service placement of those who
were on training programs while employed. As might be ex-
pected, ten of the thirteen cases are gainfully employed and
only three are not working in each case because of physical
condition. Cf the three arthritis cases, one is working
full tine. Of the other two arthritic cases, the physical
condition of one becane worse so he had to terminate his
training employment. he has not worked since, and is now
on a pension. The other worked for a time after discharge
but was forced to quit because of a worsening physical condi-
tion.

Cf the two back injury cases, one is working full time

TABLE 70.—-Former employees on training programs by disability

 

 

 

 

 

 

and type of post-service placement s
Competitive Sheltered Not
E - .e Employment Now Have
No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work~ Not Not De—
Disability Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
Arthritis 3 l O O O O 1 1 O 0
Back Injury 2 0 O l 1 O O O O O
Blindness 2 l 1 O 0 O O O O O
Cerebral Palsy 2 1 O O O 1 O O O O
Erbs Palsy 1 O l O O 0 O O O 0
Post Polio l l O O O O O O O O
Paraplegia 1 O O O O O O 1 O O
Traumatic Injury_ll _l’ _9, _g_ _Q_ _g _Q _g _Q' ._9
Totals 13 5 2 l l l l 2 O O

 

in a sheltered shop while the other has had only odd jobs.
The two blindness cases are both working, one part time and
the other full time. One of the two cerebral palsy cases is
working full time and the other part time in a sheltered
shop. The erbs palsy case is now working part time. Both
the post polio and the traumatic injury cases are working
full tine while the paraplegia case has not worked since he
was forced by his physical condition to leave Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc.

The most successful in-service program in terms of
the number of handicapped workers who were placed in employ-
ment was the training program. All were employed part or
full time except the three whose physical condition became
worse thus preventing them from working and the one case work-
ing at odd jobs. The next most successful prorram was the

transitional work program. here two-thirds of the employees

-76—
found remunerative work after termination of their services.
Over half of the workers on the terminal and the work adjust-
ment programs also were employed after their discharge. Only
in the evaluative prosram were there more unemployed than
employed individuals subsequent to their discharge.
Examination of Table 15 and the supplementing tables
suggests that of the disability groups served, there were
six which showed a greater degree of placement than the rest.
There were, by contrast, four disability groups that showed
a low level of placement in terms of the numbers served. The
remaining thirteen categories were inconclusive either be-
cause the division between those employed and those not em—
ployed was about equal or there were too few cases in the
category.
The most successful groups in terms of those workin;

full or part time were:

Blindness - five working out of seven cases
Cerebral Palsy - six working out of nine cases
Deafness - three working out of four cases
Post operative - two working out of two cases
Psychiatric — two working out of four cases
Misc. Diseases - two working out of three cases

The least successful disability groups were:
Anatomical defects - none out of two cases working
Arthritis - one out of five cases working
Hemiplegia - none out of two cases working
Mental Retardation - none out of three cases workinq
The next area of consideration is that of the particula‘
type of work performed by the handicapped workers and the

type of placement made. This is shown in Table 21, in which

the assigned category was the major type of work done even

- 77 _

TABLE 21.-«Type of in—service work and type of post—service placement

 

 

 

 

 

 

Competitive Sheltered Not
Type Employment_ Employment Now Have
of No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work~ Not Not De~
Work Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
Assembly 5 2 O 1 O O 2 O O 0
Furniture Repair 7 1 l 2 O O O 2 O 1
General Labor 20 5 3 l 1 1 2 5 2 O
Janitor 3 1 O O O 1 l O O O
Machine Operator 2 1 O O O O O 1 O 0
Metal Sorting 1 O O 1 O O 0 O O 0
Office 7 h l O O 0 1 l O 0
Packaging 3 2 O 1 O O O O O 0
Painting 2 O l O O O O 1 O O
Repairing 2 2 O O O O 0 O O O
Sanding b O O O O l O 2 O 1
Sewing 1 O O O O O O O O 1
Truck Driving 3 1 l O O O O O l O
Upholstry 12 3 1 O 2 O O 5 O l
WoodWorkmg .2 .2 _l .9 .9. .2 .9 .1 .1. .9
Totals 75 22 9 o 3 3 6 18 u u

 

though the individual might also have done other work while
employed. Again, there is a general distribution in the
pattern of placement in relation to the particular types of
work performed by the handicapped worker.

General labor was the largest single work category
and included the work evaluation and many of the work ad—
justment cases. There were twenty handicapped workers assigned
work in this category. The next largest work group was in
upholstry with twelve handicapped workers, while furniture
repair and office work followed with seven workers each.
Tie rest of the work categories contained anywhere from one
to five workers.

The types of work showing the highest proportion of

employment placement were:

Janitors - two working out of three cases
Office - five working out of seven cases
Packaging - two working out of three cases
Hepeiriny - two working out of two cases
Truck driving - two working out of three cases

Sanding work proved least successful as an avenue to
employment placement with only one working out of four cases.
In the remainder of the work categories there was either only
One case indicated or the number of cases working balanced
the number of cases not working. Howev r, the two largest

categories, general lator and upholstry, could be indicated

as successful work types. For these, when the unemployed

f’)

(’3

cases are examined for the pe ific reason for not working,

it is found that the cause lies beyond the control of
Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. Of the twelve cases not
working in these two work categories, three were hospitalized,
tw; were experiencing physical deterioration, two were on
pensions, and work was not deemed feasible for two. In
addition, one had sufficient private income, one had a poor
work history, and one was in school.

Another area examined for its influence upon the
post-service placement was the length of time each employee
worked at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. This is shown in
Table 22. Examination of the table reveals that the median
stay was three to six months with sixty-one per cent, or
forty-six cases working for less than six months. Of those

who worked less than one month only three of the ten cases

were employed, while of those who worked between one and

- 79 -

TABLE 22.-Length of Rehabilitation Industries employment and posh
Rehabilitation Industries. Inc. placement

 

 

 

 

 

Competitive Sheltered Not
Employment Employment Now Have
No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work— Not Not Do-
Months 03568 Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
0-1 10 3 O 1 O O 1 2 l 2
1-2 8 h 1 O 1 O 1 1 O O
2.3 10 6 o o o 1 1 2 o o
3-6 18 1+ 2 3 1. 1 1 3 3 0
6-12 17 3 3 2 O l 1 7 O 0
12-18 h 1 1 O O O l 1 O O
18-2U 2 O l O O O O O O 1
Over 21» .9 _1_ .9 .9 .1 .9 .9 .a .9 .1.
Totals 75 22 9 6 3 3 6 18 a u

 

three months, better than seventy per cent were in full or
part time work placement. Beginning with those who worked
from three to six months, the percentages of work placements
drOp inverse to the length of stay. The respective per—
centages are sixty-one per cent up to six months, fifty-three
per cent up to twelve months and fifty per cent for those

who workeo more than six months.

Table 23 shows the types of work experiences the
former workers had before they were employed by Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., and the type of post-service placement in
each of the sixteen work categories. Examination of the table
reveals that twenty-four per cent, or eighteen cases, had a
varied experience with Jobs that best fit the category
"general laborer." Another sixteen per cent, or twelve cases,
had had no prior work experience. Ten of the employees had

had upholstry work exyerience, nine were factory workers,

_ EX) -

TABLE 23.--Pre-service work experience and post—service type
of placenent

 

——
v v ".

 

Competitive Sheltered Not
Type Employment Employment Now Have
of No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work- Not Not De-
Work Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased

None 12
Construction Worker
Day Work

Factory Worker
Furniture Repair
Janitor

General Laborer
Machine Operator
Odd Jobs

Office Work
Painter

Route Man

Sewing

Store Clerk

Truck Driver
Upholstery

Totals

 

H

H

(Drdrdrdtdldkn<D-?<DrdrA\ord

H

h)LQ(DF‘C)C>C)bJP‘AJA)C>C>Frr‘C>U‘
\O'P‘F‘CDCJCJCDF‘FJC)$7C>C)C>C>CD*‘
oJc>c>c>c>c>c>c>nic>u3c>eac>c>c>c>
\JIFJC)CDC)C)C)CDC)C>F‘C>C>F‘C>C>C>
x»Io)c>c>c>c>c>c>c>c>c>edc>c>c>c>h)
01C>C>C>C>C>C)F‘C)C>h*C>C>hJC>h‘F‘
EEIFTC>C>C>C>PJC>AJPJChCJC>P‘CJC>U’
C‘k)C>C>C>C>C>C>AJP‘P‘C)C>C>C>C>C>
C‘LJCDCDrar4c>c>c>c>c>c>c>eac>c>C>

\1
U1
N

 

eight had done odd jobs, five had office experience and four
were machine Operators before they were employed. The other
nine work categories had only one person each.

All ten of the persons with experience in upholstry
work were assigned the sane kind of work after emgloyment at
Rehabilitation Industries, Inc. Similarly, four of the five
workers with office experience were given office work to do,
two of the machine Operators were assigned machine Operation.
Also, given the same kind of work as the pre-service ex-
perience was the factory worker who had done packaging work,
the furniture repair person, the painter and the sewing

person. Twenty, or twenty-seven per cent, of the workers

- 31 -
were assigned work similar to their pre-service work ex-
perience.

based upon the classification of the Dictiona y of
Occupational Titles, Bureau of Labor Statistics, United
States Department of Labor, l9fl9 edition, the pre-servioe
work experience of the “ormer workers shows two with prc~
fessional training, three with clerical and sales, one with
service, twelve at the skill trade level, thirteen at the
semi-skilled level, and forty-four, or fifty-nine per cent,
at the unskilled level.

Further examination of the table for employnen ,
full or part time, shows that eight out of twelve former
workers with no previous work experience are now working.
Of those with previous work experience, five out of the nine
factory workers are euployed full or part tine. This is
true also for four out of five of the office workers, and
five out of ten of the upholstery workers. On the other
hand, onlv two of those who did odd jobs and only seven of
those with general labor eXperience are now working.

As indicated in Table 10 of the previous chapter, the
grade level attained by these former workers averaged about
half way through the ninth grade with twenty-eight having a
high school or better level of education. Table 2“ presents
a breakdown by attained school grade level and the post—
service type of placement for each grade shown. Of the
twenty—one who were high school graduates, fourteen are

employed part or full tine, four at odd Jobs, 3 d only three

TABLE 2h.-—Attained educational level and type of

post-service placement

 

 

 

 

 

 

Competitive Sheltered Not

Educational Employment Employment Now Have
Grade No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work~ Not Hot De-
Level Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
hth grade and under 3 O O O O O O 3 O 0
5th grade 0 O O O O . O O O O 0
6th grade 2 o 2 o o ‘ o o 0 o 0
7th grade 9 l 1 O l O 1 u 0 1
8th grade 12 h 0 O O l l h l 1
9th grade 7 l O l O 1 O 2 1 1
10th grade 11 b 2 O l O 1 2 l 0
11th grade 2 l O O O O O O l 0
12th grade 21 9 3 h l 1 O 3 O 0
13th grade 2 l O O O O l O O 0
14th grade 3 O O l O O 2 O O 0
16th grade 2 l l O O O O O O 0
Grade not given A __(_)_ __g _g i __Q _g _9_ _g i

Totals 75 22 9 6 3 3 6 18 u u

 

are not employed.
ployed.

known to be employed, the other one could

The two college graduates are also en-

One of the two who reached the eleventh grade is

not be located.

Of the eleven who completed the tenth grade, seven are em-

ployed, and five out of eight of the eighth grade

are employed. Of the twenty-eight with a

tion or better only six are not workin'

i,
L)‘

graduates

high school educa-

Cf the twenty be-

tween the eighth and twelfth grades only five are known to

be not working and three

six below a ninth grade education,

one could not be located and two are d

(73

Table 25 presents information rela

onset of the disability and post-service placement.

total cases handled, twenty-three, or

could not be located. O

‘CGLS

I" E I

'1‘.
\
U

Af‘

the twenty-

thirteen are not working,

.
8'”
v' e

.ted to the age of

the

Che-third had

-g3-

TABLE 25.-—Age at onset of disability and type of postwservice placement

 

 

 

 

 

 

Competitive Sheltered Not

Age Employment Employment Now Have
in No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work» Not Not De-
__._.._.Years --....-Pe§s§.._T.i.m2..'lfie§ Jobs Time “eager: Worked ageless-29
Birth 23 7 u 2 1 2 1 5 1 0
1-19 years 10 3 1 1 l l O 2 1 0
20—29 years 6 3 o o o o 2 1 o 0
30-39 years 12 3 2 3 o o 1 3 o o
40-u9 years 12 1 1 O l O 2 5 2 0
50-59 years 10 5 O O O O O 1 O b
60-6-9 years .3. -2 .2. .9. .2 .9. .9 .1. .9. .9

Totals 75 22 9 6 3 3 6 18 Q Q

h“ __~

 

 

—'—v‘r -s"

-- -‘-I‘

 

“C". ....—...fi.. “.

the onset of disability at birth, and another ten had the
onset before the age of twenty. Thus, a total of thirty-
three cases, or forty-four per cent, of the cases employed
had the onset of disability before the age of twenty. A
total of fifty-one cases, or sixty-eight per cent, were under
forty years of age.

Examination of the table in relation to placement
shows that of the thirty-three cases under twenty years of
age, twenty or sixty per cent, are working. The twenty to
forty age group had eight out of eighteen cases working, or
forty-four per cent, and the over forty age group had nine
out of twenty-four cases working, or thirty-seven per cent.
In the group employed, there was only one percentage point
difference between those with onset of disability at birth
and those with onset of disability after birth, but before
the age of twenty. The percentages were sixty-one and sixty

per cent, respectively.

-814... s

'T‘
i

(l)

ble 26 presents information on the age of the
former employees at the tine of their employment and the
subsequent type of post-service work placement. Examination
of the table shows a rather even distribution in terms of
numbers employed by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., among
all the age groups except the two older groups where the
numbers employed drOp off noticeably.

In terms of type of placement, the twenty to twenty-
nine age group had seventy-three per cent now working. The
under twenty age group and the sixty to sixty-nine age group
had fifty-eight and sixty per cent, respectively, now working
in part time or full time employment. The other age groups
were all below fifty per cent working. When the group is
divided into those under forty and those over forty at the
time they were employed by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.,
twenty-four, or sixty per cent, of the forty individuals who
were under forty at the time of employment, are full time or
part time employed. In contrast, of the thirty-five disabled
in the over forty age group, only thirteen, or thirty-seven
per cent, are now employed.

To see if any importance might be attached to the
age differential between the onset of disability and the age
at time of employment by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.,
Table 27 was constructed. There appears to be no general
pattern of the numbers in these various age differentials
when they are applied to the former employess. In fact,

they range all the way from five cases with less than one

TAEIE 26.-Age at time of in~service employment and type of
post—service placement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

fi_muraa;:o --...."-.=-="‘ --. '* ‘ " 332::mW333-M'-=—=;
Competitive Sheltered Not
_._.Emp.l9:{o§9i Emigrant Now Have
No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work— Not Hot De-
Age Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked__§nown ceasgg
Under 20 12 5 1 l O l O 3 1 0
20-29 15 5 3 O 1 2 2 2 O 0
30—39 13 h 2 3 0 0 l 2 1 O
hO—h9 lb 1 2 2 2 O 2 0 l 0
50-59 12 5 O O O O l 3 l 2
60-69 5 2 1 O O O O l O O
79 and over .2. .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9. ..1. .9. .9
Totals 75 22 9 6 3 3 b 18 u 4

i

year differential to six cases in which there are more than
thirty years differential.

In terms of post-service placement, the under one
year and the one—to-two year differentials show sixty per
cent of their number employed. The twenty—to-twenty-nine
year age differential group shows seventy-three per cent of
the group members now full or part time employed. The other
age differential groups show present employment of their
members ranging from thirty to fifty-five per cent.

Since the disability of each handicapped worker tended
to be either static or in an improved condition at the time
of employment, it is not surprising to find few cases improve.
It would be expected that the vast majority of the cases
would show little change, with the probability that some
cases would deteriorate. however, the inadequacy of detailed
medical information, as previously indicated, precludes any

attempt to determine an expected probability of change in a

- to -

‘n
TABLE 27.—~A§e differential between age at onset of disability and age
at in-service employment as related to postwservice P’flcemeflt

—. t”-'.—--- -“mvfi..—-u ~“--"“-v-.~-- Q" “-"-~
- — — -MV'- m----m
—. v —

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Competitive Sheltered Not

Employment Employmgni_ Now Have
Age No. Full Part Odd Full Part Work- Not Not be—
Differential Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
Under 1 year 5 2 l O O O O 2 O 0
1-2 5 2 O O 1 O 1 1 O O
3.u 12 3 1 2 O O 2 2 1 1
5-7 10 2 1 1 O 0 1 h 0 1
8-10 6 2 1 O O O O 2 l O
11-1u 6 2 o 1 o o 1 o 1 1
15-19 11 4 l 1 O l O 3 l 0
20-29 11 3 3 O 1 1 l 2 0 0
Over 30 years 6 1 1 1 1 o o 2 o o
Undetermined J __1_ _Q __9 __Q i _9_ _9_ .2 .1

Totals 75 2? 9 6 3 3 6 18 u u

 

 

3

particular direction.

The changes in physical function, the direction of
change, and the type of post-service employment are shown
in Table 28. Five of the cases changed in the direction of
improved physical condition, and all five of these cases are
now employed. Sixteen of the cases, or twenty-one per cent,
showed some deterioration in physical condition. Of these
sixteen cases, four are now deceased, eleven are not working,
and only one is employed on a part time basis. In this case
the individual had to withdraw from full time to part time
clerical work. The great majority of the cases, seventy-two
per cent, show no appreciable change. Of this group, thirty-
one are working part or full time, thirteen are not working,
four couldn't be located and six are working at odd jobs.

Of the thirteen who are not working, one is in school, one

TABLE 28.——Changes in physical fundction and type of post-service

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

placement

Competitive Sheltered Not

Employggp&_ Employment Now have
Physical No. Full Part Odd Fflll Part Worke Not Not Be-
Condition Cases Time Time Jobs Time Time ing Worked Known ceased
Much Improved 2 2 O O O O O O O 0
Some Improved 3 2 1 O O O O O O O
No Change 51. 18 7 6 3 3 3 10 1+ 0
Some Worse 9 O 1 O O O 2 6 O O
Muchvmra- .2. .9 .9 .9. .9 .9 .1 .9 .9 .5:

Totals 75 22 9 6 3 3 6 18 n n

has a private income from an estate, one has a poor work
history, one, according to the medical record, has a physical
appearance that causes employer resistance, two have condi-
tions too severe to permit working, one is in a hOSpital for
the aged, two are not mentally capable of holding a job, and
four are retired on social security and pensions.

Table 29 shows the number by disability categories
of handicapped who have been employed by Rehabilitation In-
dustries, Inc. A total of 204 applications are presently on
file. The largest single category of applications are those
with no disability of whom eleven, including two of the
present working force have been hired. In most of the dis-
ability categories there have been about equal numbers hired
and not hired from the list of applicants. Only in the cases
of blindness and cerebral palsy have there been appreciably
more hired than not hired, and the majority of these were on

one of the sponsored work programs. The categories with the

- £38 _
9

TABLE 29.——Number of applications by disability and number employed

' . ".-—- ' --. -———— ‘-'--"‘
v‘ '- ‘ ----- ———'---—-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Total Total

Disability Applications Hired Not hired
Amputee 12 h 8
Anatomical Defects 5 2 3
Arthritis 10 5 5
Back Injury 19 10 9
Blindness ll 7 h
Cerebral Palsy 13 10 3
Cardiac 6 1 5
Cerebral Thrombosis 6 2 h
Deafness 9 u 5
Epilepsy 6 2 u
Erbs Palsy 1 l 0
Hemiplegia 2 2 0
Hypertension 2 2 0
Mental Retardation 9 b 5
Multiple Sclerosis 2 1 1
Overage 11 5 6
Post Tuberculosis 4 3 1
Post Polio 7 3 4
Post Operative 5 2 3
Paraplegia 4 3 1
Psychiatric 6 4 2
Traumatic Injury 15 6 9
Misc. Diseases 12 4 8
Lateral Sclerosis 1 1 0
Paralysis 3 1 2
No Disability _33_ _ll _12

Totals 20“ 100* 104

‘Includes 16 present employees.

number of applicants least often hired were the amputees, the
cardiacs, traumatic injuries, and miscellaneous diseases.
In addition to those hired, the records show thirty—

ive applications for 1956, twenty-seven for 1956, nine for

L“

1958, seven for 19 9, sixteen for 1960, and four for the
first half of 1961. There were six applications which carried
no date of application. The record as a whole shows a de-

creasing trend in the number of applicants from the high

-89..
point in 1956 when Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., be"an
Operation up to the present tine.

Table 30 presents the reasons for the termination of
each of the former employees. Examination of the table re-
veals that twenty-one left for reasons of their own: two
left to attend school, two left to return to their former
employment, two left to collect their pension, and fifteen
left to take another job. An additional eight were forced

to leave because of illness. The largest single reason for

{‘0

involuntary withdraw l was lack of suitable work with six-

Q

teen handicapped lai off for this reason. Another ten
were given temporary layoffs. Five were found not suitable
for competitive employment, four reached the completion of
their program, and two were fired. According to the records,
only five of the handicapped former workers were placed in

outside employment directly through the efforts of Rehabilita-

tion Industries, Inc.

Summary of the Results

As previously mentioned, the incompleteness of the
information contained in the records maintained by Rehabili-
tation Industries, Inc., presented difficulties in compiling
and developing information used in this study. Some specific
records such as continuing work evaluations and psychological
evaluations on each worker were non-existent.

The small numbers of nary of the disability and other

evaluative categories made meaningful interpretation of some

TABLE 30.—-Reason for job termination

Left to take other job 15
Left to attend school 2
Left to return to work 2
Left to collect pension 2
Illness 8
No suitable work 16
Temporary layoff 10
Unemployable 5
Placed on Job 5
Program ended u
Fired 2
Deceased 2
Reason not given 2

 

of the information difficult.
The majority of the seventy-five handicapped former
workers were employed in and equally divided in numbers be-
tween terminal and transitional work programs. Of the work
programs, the training and the transitional programs were

the most successful in terms of the per cent of post-service
employment. 0f the thirteen who participated in the train-
ing program only three, or twenty-three per cent, who ex-
perienced a deterioration in physical condition, are not
working. In the transitional program only five, or twenty-
four per cent, are not working. This represents less than
twenty-five per cent of the workers involved in these pro—
grams who were not placed in outside employment. Examination
shows, generally, no pattern of placement of handicapped
workers in Specific work programs, indicating a fitting of

the program to the need of the individual.

In relation to the total program forty—three, or

.2 D

-ity-seven per cent, of the former workers are now employed.
Six of this number are in sheltered enployment. Cnly twenty—
four, or thirty-two per cent, are not working. Of those not
working, eight suffered physical deterioration and seven re-
tired on disability pensions or social security. The reasons
for not working in the other nine cases include: two for
whom competitive work was not feasible, three who are hospi-
talized, one who experiences employer resistance, one with a
poor work history and low educational level, one now in
school, and one with a private income from an estate.

This information would indicate that in terms of
returning the handicapped to employment, Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., has been successful. This becomes more
meaningful when it is considered that all of these handi-
capped individuals had been an mployed at the tine they
were hired, and that twelve had had no previous work ex-
perience.

Those disability categories rated most successful
and those rated least successful relative to the per cent
of individuals in the group placed in outside employment

were:

 

 

host successful Least successful
Blindness finatonical Defects
Cerebral Palsy Arthritis

Deafness hemiplegia

Post Operative Yental Retardation
Psychiatric

Miscellaneous Diseases

2 ..

KI)

The type of work done while employed at Petatilitg-
tion Industries, Inc., with the exception of office work
and upholstery, seemed to have little relation to the post-
service placement. There were both employment and non-
enployment placements in an unordered pattern from most of
the worx categories.

The length of the in-service work experience seeps
related to post-service employment in that those with the
shorter work periods, at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.,
one to three months in length, appear more likely to be
employed. Those with longer employment periods, at he—
habilitation Ind stries, Inc., and those with very short
employm-nt periods, showed a lower percentage of post-ser~
vice employment. fiany of those with longer periods of em-
ployment were terminal type cases less acceptable for out-
side employment, while those with very short employment

periods were for the most part work evaluation cases.

Where the pre-service and the in-service work ex-

*3

perience were the same, there was J high degree of post—
service placement in similar work, except where deterioratinh
physical condition interfered. Among the remaining work
categories it was not evident, on the basis of the inferna-
tion, that a relationship existed between the pre-service
work experience and the type of post-service placement.

Where the educational level was considered in rela-

tion to the post-service placement, there was a greater

number, sixty-one per cent, of employment placements among

_ 93 _

those former employees with a twelfth grade and above educa-
tion. For those with an eighth through eleventh grade educa-
tion, the percentage of employment placements dropped to
fifty per cent and for those with less than an eighth grade
education the percentage was even lower, thirty-eight per
cent. This would suggest that the higher the level of educa-
tion of the individual, the greater is his chance of finding
post-service employment.

When the onset of disability was at an early age
there was a higher percentage of those finding post—service
employment. For those under twenty years of age at the on-
set of disability, sixty per cent were post-service employed.
For those between the ages of twenty and forty, the per-
centage of post-service employment had dropped to forty per
cent. For those over forty years of age at onset of dis-
ability, the percentage of post-service employment declined
slightly more to thirty-seven per cent.

Considering the age of the individual at the time
of his employment at Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., those
who were forty years of age or less at the time they were
hired showed a post-service employment of sixty per cent.

Of those who were over forty when hired by Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc., thirty-seven per cent were employed. On
the other hand, the twenty-to-twenty—nine age group show a
post-service employment of seventy-three per cent. On the
basis of information in this study, those under forty and

particularly those between twenty and thirty at the time of

being hired by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., are more
likely to be post-service employed.

The differential between the age of onset of the
disability and the age at the time the individual was hired
by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., was also checked. The
age differential of two years and under and the twenty-to-
twenty-nine year age differential both showed high post—
service employment placement with sixty and seventy-three
per cent, respectively. This would suggest that those with
the shortest age differentials between onset of disability
and rehabilitation employment and those whose disability
occurred at birth or an early age and who were just coming
into the labor market, are most likely to find post-service
employment.

The majority of the handicapped individuals showed
no change in their physical function. For those showing
change in the direction of improvement there was post-service
employment. For those showing change in the direction of
deterioration, there was lack of post-service employment.
The change in physical function appears to influence the
direction of placement, with improvement leading to employ—
ment and deterioration leading to non-employment.

Examination of the total number of applications of
handicapped individuals in relation to the number employed
by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., reveals that about half
of all who have applied have been employed. Examined by

disability group, those employed and those not hired were

_ 95 _
about equal in number for each group. In the case of blind-
ness and cerebral palsy, both showed more of the applicants
hired than not hired, but in both instances the majority of
the handicapped individuals were on work programs sponsored
by outside referral agencies. The highest single group, or
ten per cent, of applicants were those who were non-disabled.
Also, ten per cent of those individuals hired by Rehabilita-
tion Industries, Inc., have been non-handicapped individuals.

The number of applications show a downward trend from
the high in 1956 just after the Opening of Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc. The employment rolls show an initial up-
swing until November, 1959, and a general downward trend
since that time, as shown in Table 10.

Approximately one-third of the former employees
were self-terminated to go to other jobs. Another third were
terminated by layoff and the remaining third were terminated
for various reasons such as illness, work program ended, em-
ployment not practicable, etc. The records contain evidence
to support the direct placement in employment by Rehabilita-
tion Industries, Inc., of only five former handicapped workers.
However, in the light of the inadequate records, it is reason-
able to assume the possibility of direct or indirect involve-
ment by Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., in the placement in

employment of others who went to outside employment.

ChA‘TER VI

SUNNARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECCNVENDATIONS,
IMPLICAT OHS AND SUGGESTIONS

-.. , -- N. s
FOR FUTUHL RLSuARod

(

summary
The purpose of this study was to make an appraisal

of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., to determine the results
of the rehabilitative service provided for the discharged
disabled former workers as measured by their post-discharge
placement. By means of a {re-service, in-service and a
post-service inventory, the effect of these services was
studied. Specifically, the purpose was to determine, if
these services have been in keeping with the expressed
purposes, as outlined in Article II of the By-Laws, i.e.,
to evaluate, to train, to place in outside employment, and
to employ vocationally handicapped individuals in need of
those services. It was expressed in terns of:
l. The relationship between the type of disability

and the type of rehabilitative work program to

the post-service placement of the worker.
2. The disability groups which have been most

successfully, and least successfully, served

in terms of type of placement.

3. The relationship of the in-service work ex-
perience to the type of placement.

U. The influence of the pre-service work ex-
perience upon the type of placement.

5. The influence of the educational grade level
attained upon the type of placement.

-96..

- 97 -

c. The influence of the factor of age upon the
type of placement.

7. The influence of the changes in physical
function of the disabled upon the type 0
placement.

8. The degree to which the handicapped have been
served in relation to those desiring service.

9. The extent to which Rehabilitation Industries
Inc., has been serving as a transitional and
terminal facility for the handicapped.

Cl“-

10. T.e growth of fiehabilitation Industries, Inc.,
in terms of the number of handicapped employee.

All persons who had received services and had been
disch

ried between the time of the opening of the Rehabilita-

Q)

N»

tion Industries, Inc., on Nay 15, 1956, and June 30, 1961,
were included in the study.

A brief description of the develOpment of sheltered
workshops and of changing attitudes toward the disabled was
presented. A short section was devoted to workshop sponsors
and workshop programs. In addition, a brief history of the
establishment of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., of Lansing,
Michigan, was presented.

A review of the literature revealed a paucity of re-
search in the area of sheltered workshops, although, under
the stimulus of financial grants from the Office of Voca-
tional Pehabilitation, Department of health, Education and
Welfare, there are now a number of such research projects
in process. The literature is quite extensive in relation
to various aspects of rehabilitation, but relatively little

has been directed specifically toward sheltered workshops.

- (1 (3 so
hepr sentative samples from the research and literature were

pre esente The retr ods and processes utilized to collect,

'_‘

to orbanize, and to enalyze the data of this study were
described. Follow-up information relative to the stuly
population was presented.

The data for the pre-service and in-service inventory

4

r‘ame from several sources. A search was made of the records

w-

of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., for nforna tion about
the handicapped employees who had been discharged prior to
June 30, lq6l. These records included the individual en-
ployee's file, the employment applications, the medical
records, the time cards, the payroll records, and the monthly
employment records. Additional ch 1ta were provided by the

Division of Vocational fe hatwilit‘ tion, Departnent of Pullic

parthent of Welfare.

A structured ollow-uv interview was neld with each
I:

of the JlQCIQFLUQ handicapped enployees included in the study

who could be contacted. A total of fifty-five individuals
of

were interviewed out of the total study po ulati on
seventy-five forrsler e1ployees. Ten of these former employees
are now living cu side the prescribed interview area, four
are deceased, four could not be located, and two declined
to be interviewed. The follow-up interview provided the
post-service inforration.

After the data were collected, they were tabulated
f

k
olC

into a composite frequency table, not included because c

rise, f: ' .hiur \r , develtge- th? frtlurncv tetles u~t
illuGClTNJ? v ricnn: areas (A. LLE sttu.j. These~fhx‘steror

were ccnstructel, in .ost inst rose, to show the r “tion
infoxinluicn retJr-reo i1; xeldticwx to the (i »“hilitg g,rcu:
(nu/or gost—serxice ;J?ce ext (f tie stud' populrtior.

)‘h 1 .«fi— r ~v~fir . . rx v ~ 7 . r ,. p
tesu-ts of thcrn trluiutlULu were eifressed i. tePFS oi
absolute nu hers, or in percentzpes, or in bctr (eyen‘i

upon vniat sewn ed to.

V!

‘v

present LCSC aceouately and clearl

infornation gathered.

'gcses (no

of tie

It

I N
.-

r€<;(‘.1..iien:.:; t 1 ans

further research.

 

eon-(3..”SlCI’IS
LILSEU 111C311

I y» r‘-~ . l ‘ ~ '] ‘N I
011“ (AD ltreCiSLt'I.€(L L'b

ct;3€t individuals

7 , - A w-

ihLUSbTific, ine., t
r ’ l 3 "‘ " '3'
“}Jlel 6- Vi‘ib CA.

oividuals within th

rehabilitative work

Th this snrw“ary
procedures

study,

17%

f’u

charter a brief review of the st

is presented. fllso included

CLRClUSiOLS crawr frcr the results
lated to the study, and surqesticns f;

the inferration 2s developed in this

the post-service placement of the ha

U

.uc formerli workeg Hehatilitatitz

.. " ,- ‘j -
be well

conclusions

ho following can Ne.

general unordered distribution of in
e oisubility {rcups among the various

1’)Y

\-l

V“
.5) 0

pro; There were unordered dis-

the

U. I:

3

Q U —‘ v
(N v
’3 LI \l‘-i'v

tributions of types of post-service plecerents, tcth employ-

;ert and non-err;loyn‘ent, if the individuals within the

disability groups as distriuuted a on: the in-service pro-

Lrans. Lecau;e of these types of distributions, no :Sttern
-fi—fm

 

- lOO -

develOped relating the type of disability and the type of
in—service program to the type of post-service placement.
While it may be possible for such a relationship to exist,
this study indicates that no such relationship existed here.

Several of the disability groups showed a higher
degree of post-service employment placement in comparison to
the non-employment placement. Several others of the dis-
ability groups showed a higher degree of non-employment post-
service placement when compared to the post-service employ-
ment placement. An unordered pattern of post-service employ-
ment and non-employment placement was evident in many of the
disability categories. While some of the disability groups
had higher levels of employment placement than others and
some groups had lower levels of employment placement than
others, singling out individual groups is not very meaning-
ful since success in terms of employment placement appears
to be on an individual rather than a disability group basis.

Since no pattern deveIOped relating the type of dis-
ability and the type of in-service program to the type of
post-service placement, and since there appeared no relation-
ship between the type of disability and the type of post-
service placement, it would appear that the present practice
of serving all disability groups with programs tailored to
fit individual needs is Justified.

The types of in-service work eXperiences as indicated
by the actual work done by the individual show a general dis-

tribution among the types of post-service placement. This

- lOl -
would indicate that there is little or no relationship be-
tween the type of in-service work experience and the type
of post-service placement. However, when the in-service
work experience is measured in length of time of the service
experience, this study indicates that those with the shorter
work experiences, one to three months, are more likely to
find post—service employment. This would suggest that the
present types of work experiences available at Rehabilitation
Industries, Inc. are adequate.

The pre-service work experience presented a post-
service placement pattern similar to that of the in-service
work experience pattern. There appears to be little or no
relationship between the type of pre-service work experience
and the type of post-service placement. Thus the present
policy of unselective employment in relation to types of
persons served seems Justified.

Examination of the educational level attained by the
individual and the type of post-service placement indicates
that the higher the level of education attained by the handi-
capped worker the greater was the likelihood of post-service
employment. However, there was evidence of successful em—
ployment of all educational levels which suggests the
desirability of continuing the present practice of serving
the handicapped of all educational levels.

The handicapped individual is more likely to find
post-service employment when the onset of disability is at

an early age, or at birth, rather than when the disability

- 102 -
occurred at a later age.

For disabled individuals receiving vocational re-
habilitation service, those who are at the younger ages,
especially between twenty and thirty years of age, are more
likely to find post-service employment.

The age differential between the age of onset of the
disability and the age at which the individual receives
vocational rehabilitative services influences the post-
service type of placement. Those with less than a two year
differential, except those who had the onset of disability
at birth, tend to be more frequently post-service employed.

It is desirable to employ the handicapped at as
early an age and as soon after onset of disability as possible,
except for congenital disability, because of greater success
in terms of employment placement. However, present practice
of hiring the disabled without consideration of the age factor
seems Justified since there were successful employment place-
ments among all of the age groups.

While the great majority of the handicapped studied
showed no change in physical function, where there was change
there was a direct relationship between positive change and
post-service employment placement,and between negative change
and post-service non-employment placement.

In relation to those handicapped individuals wanting
service as indicated by the applications on file, Rehabilita-
tion Industries, Inc., is servicing only half of the handi-

capped desiring its services. Of those individuals actually

_ 103 -

employed ten per cent have been non-handicapped individuals.
Although much of the work comes through contracts,with out-
side sources, and there is need to meet contract deadlines,
the need for this high a percentage of non-handicapped workers
is to be questioned.

Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., has returned to
competitive employment over half of those whom it has served.
Its two largest in-service programs, over half of employees
served, were transitional and terminal employment in equal
prOportions. About one-third of the service has been work
adjustment and training programs again in equal preportions.
The evaluation service has involved less than ten per cent
of those served.

After a steady increasing growth for the first three
years in the number of employees, there has been since that
time a continued decline in number of employed. The lack of
suitable work and temporary lay-offs made up over one-third
of the reasons for termination and suggest the need for an
increase in the number of contract Jobs to permit greater
employment.

In summary it would appear that Rehabilitation In-
dustries, Inc. has done an adequate Job of providing service
in terms of the number of handicapped it has served. The
majority of the discharged handicapped employees are employed
on a part-time or a full-time basis. Where non-employment is
the type of post-service placement, this non-employment is

most frequently beyond the control of Rehabilitation Industries

- 104 -
and results primarily from deterioration in physical condi-
tion and in a few cases from those who prefer not to work
because of pensions. However, in terms of those desiring
service the accomplishment is inadequate. Only half of those
applying have been employed.

The lack of adequate production contracts to pro-
vide work for the employees and to make possible the eXpan-
sion of the program, and the decline in the work force suggest
the possibility of some inadequacies in past management. The
potential in terms of those whom it could serve has not been

realized.

Recommendations

The following recommendations, while not an inherent
part of this research project, are presented in the hOpe that
they will provide a helpful guide to the administration in
suggesting future considerations relative to the Operation
of Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

It is suggested that the employment applications be
filled out with greater care and accuracy. The applicant
should be questioned, if necessary, to insure completeness
of information. It might be necessary to contact other
sources to obtain or verify information on the application.

The employment record should include the last three
to five Jobs, with as accurate information as possible on the
rate of pay, type of work performed, and the inclusive dates

of employment. Periods of unemployment should also be verified.

- 105 -

If there is a lapse in time between application and
employment, the information previously obtained should be
brought up to date.

It is suggested that strict adherence to the medical
record requirement be enforced. These records should in-
clude a designation of the disability, the degree of severity,
and the prognosis wherever possible.

An employment record should be kept on each employee.
It should contain the usual personal information plus in-
formation relative to employment including: date of begin-
ning to work, changes in hours worked, pay rates, work per-
formed, work attendance, date and reason for termination.
Provision should be made for a record of evaluations, peri-
odically made, relative to work performance, work attitude,
personality, social attitudes, physical and functional
changes, placement attempts and successes, and general eval-
uation comments.

It is suggested that increased efficiency in record
keeping be instituted. It is also suggested that means be
found to increase the number of contracts with industry or
other businesses to insure a greater supply of work and a
greater variety of work experiences. As reported in this
study, the largest single reason for the discharge of the
former handicapped employee was the lack of suitable work.

It is also recommended that any future studies such
as this include evaluation of the adequacy of the physical

facilities, the kinds and availability of financial resources,

- 106 -
the capability of the leadership, and the adequacy of‘manage-
ment and of management policies. Additional consideration
might be given to the kinds of supplementary services such
as social work, counseling, recreation, and psychological

evaluation, needed to complement the services being provided.

Implications

While the following section does not evolve from the
data of the research per se, it does reflect the personal
observations and Opinions formulated by the author during
the process of gathering and analyzing the data of the study.

Of interest is the finding that the young handicapped
individual with congenital or early age onset of disability
and higher level of education required a shorter period of
rehabilitation before entering into employment. It may be
possible that this could be peculiar to the present study
and that a similar study in another geographic area might not
produce this same combination of findings.

The possibility of this is suggested by the fact that
the Lansing area schools have a well deveIOped program of
special education for the handicapped. This factor may have
operated to bring about these particular findings. The
handicapped who have gone through this educational program,
and a number of them had, may have been prepared to the de-
gree that it enhanced the probability of their rehabilita-
tion in a short period of time.

Another factor which might also have been operating

_ 107 -

to influence this finding could be the self-concept. Con-
genital or early age onset of disability tends to have a less
traumatic effect upon the individual than the occurrance of
disability at a later age. The disability is thus more
easily incorporated, generally, into the self-picture.

These findings suggest that a study might be made on
the basis of those handicapped graduates who worked at Re-
habilitation Industries, Inc., and those who did not to see
if there were any significant differences in the ultimate
work placement. It could be that little difference would be
found between the two groups. This would have importance in
suggesting direction for the employment of these young handi-
capped workers.

These findings also suggest the need for a close co-
operation between the special education services of the schools
and the offices of vocational rehabilitation. This would be
especially true at the junior and senior high school levels.
In all probability a majority of these handicapped individuals
are going to become the responsibility of the rehabilitation
services upon their graduation. Even though the agency
usually cannot enter into the picture until the student has
reached at least fifteen years, it would be possible to be-
gin an educational program tailored to the handicapped
individual that would better prepare him to profit from the
rehabilitation services when he became eligible.

The schools in general have a responsibility toward

the handicapped. The modern concept of education is to

- 108 -
develop the individual to his fullest capacity. If the
school is unable because of financial limitations, or other
reasons, to provide special education facilities, it still
has an obligation. Where the handicapped is not of sufficient
severity to warrant special education, or where such educa-
tion is not available, the schools should make provision for
adequate preparation to enable the individual to most
effectively take his place in society.

This preparation might be in terms of the available
curricular offerings of the school alone. It might also be
worked out in conjunction with the offices of vocational
rehabilitation. This suggests that schools need to take a
look at their curriculum. While the college-bound student
finds, generally, adequate preparation available, the non-
college-bound, who constitute a majority Of students, all tod
frequently find vocational preparation programs non-existent
or very poor in the smaller school systems. In many of the
larger systems vocational preparation Opportunities are also
limited. Too Often, no provision is made for the physically
or mentally handicapped individual. Here again, closer co-
Operation between the schools and the offices of vocational
rehabilitation in the development of educational programs
could well work to the advantage both of the individual and
of society.

This study seems to indicate, further, that sheltered
workshops also have a responsibility to society to do all

that they can in the restoration of the handicapped to as

_ 109 -

nearly a self-sustaining level as possible. This would in-
clude the severely handicapped as well as those with less
severe disabilities. The objective would be the return to
productive status whether in competitive or in sheltered
employment.

As a last observation, it would seem to me that
Rehabilitation Industries, Inc., might function more adequate-
ly if they were to concentrate their energies on either transi-
tional or terminal programs in place of trying to do both as
at present. There are sheltered facilities available in the
Lansing area, and concentration on transitional programs

might well prove most beneficial to the community.

Suggested Areas for Further Research

The experiences of this present study have suggested
several research studies that could be carried out both with
and for Rehabilitation Industries, Inc.

For instance, a study might be made to determine the
type and degree of influence that is exerted by the adequacy
Of the facility itself and its supporting services upon the
rehabilitation of the worker.

An area that appears to warrant further research would
be the effect of the severity of the disability upon the
efforts of rehabilitation. The influence of worker attitudes
and other psychological factors might be incorporated into
the study. The workers, present and past, could well serve

as the population on which to base the study.

- llO -

Another area somewhat related to the above which
might be studied is the influence of the self-concept, and
the changes made in the self-concept during the process of
rehabilitation. The employees of Rehabilitation Industries,
Inc., could again serve as a population to measure the self-
concept before employment or at admission, the self-concept
while employed, and the self-concept following termination
of employment.

The concept the worker has of the objectives of the
sheltered workshop, especially as related to himself, could
be investigated to determine the influence of this concept
upon work potential and upon productivity, both during shel-

tered employment and in outside placement.

B IBL I O GRAPHY

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Fielding, Benjamin BlJn;nfel?, ”nttifud33 Mad nuruch
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H3athe: Dr, Arthur J., E.D., "A TJo-Ysar Fol.ow~1: study
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of the Uzivarsity of laun—
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XIX (Ma TCh-alf r11, 19 537} ‘-10, 8F.
Hoffman, Simon, ”0; at

Bljrld,” Journa1 C? R-

19 53), 7-11, 85-86.

t Shop for the

J3 nrinfp, Muriel, "T 103 EQJiIC&:L
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L .ACLY‘I J
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2. killer, Maurine R., ”Does - Work Evaluution Irogram
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aorlzeho_;s of L3 Lex Yor}: Guili for Jewish
Blii’," Lew Outl ok or h3 Bligi, ALVI (D303n—
bar, 1952), 839-93.

34. LAtionAl Association of shalter3d norksfogs QR. H11,-
ac 1L3 Irtr‘ru;x3, IIM3., 'Cleltzsrei_ {QIiLJXCLCJ Ari.
Homegounil ”O"r.hs. A HAndbook, Lew York: The
n5SCCiL‘LtiOIL, 195:3, 71, 2;.111 I.

55. NAtionAl AQQCCLLthl Cf sheltered norks*o;3 Ami Lon;-
lcuxii Irogr A13, Inc., The Role of the orhehom
in R~hA31lit ti>n, Nellie LettA T'hon

 

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. Lational Institute on BtAndaris for ClA ssi
and Bvqlqulon of Bheltered'ncrl 5h»;
of Lr'an Area A3etingg, 1038 COMlBCt
l‘~£.',a.,..A511ington C, D.C.: KAtiOILAl In
Jo keno; standards, 1959. 46 p.

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47.

48.

49.

51.

55.

54.

- 116

5cott,131 1:3 3., Dawis, lufll? V., 1n fljflld, Geor e— 5.,
a1d Lofguist, Lloyd 3., A 11f121t101 cf nork
:1-1£§§£2£P: Linnesotz :t71:111es in Joe tional Re-
habilitation: X, Bulletin Lo. 59,1-1nneapolis:
Industrial Relations Center, Univ-ersity of Lin—
nesota, 1950. 75 p.

. "Contract u'ork in a 5heltered
Cu look for the Blind, KLIV (Septem—
, ‘4 U -(‘4 U 0

 

_:xth Annual Re::>ort,1n3ham County Rehabilita-
tion Center, Lansing, Lichigan: Board of Direc—
tors, 1959.

 

Smith, N.P., "Operational Techniques for Sheltered
Hork 1ro3rams: A Guide for Planning and Lanage-
ment, " Part I, Re h1b111t tion Literature, XIII
(1u3 ust, 19 61), -240.

Suazo, Antonio C., Executive Director, National asso—
ation of Sheltered Jorkshops ard Hon ebound
Irografis, Inc., In a letter dated July 27, 1961,
to the author.

Suazo, Antonio C., "Subsidizin3 the dheltered'.£ork-
shOp," Journ l of R1habilitation, XLJIII (Julv-
Autust,19627, 2.

 

Tr “V than, F. J., ”Goodwill Industries Accreditation
Program, " Journal of_fiehabilitation, AIVIII
(J1nuary-February, 1962), 49—50.

 

U.S. Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, 1‘sK choloqi-
cal asrects of lhxsical Disabilitv, James F.
arrett, ed. (Rehabilitation 1ervice eerie s Iio.
210) Mash1n3ton, D.C.: U.o. Government Irinting
Office, 1952. 195 p.

 

U.S. President's Committee on meloyment of the Ihysi-
cally Handicar ed, Lmnlo m1n3_t1e Ihysicallv Handi-
cqgge_g_A Bibliocrarhg (U. 8. Bureau of Labor
standards, Bul. Lo. 146. Rev. June, 1955) wash-
in3ton, D.C.: U.3. Government Lrinting Office,

1950

 

 

Us The Tools, New York: Erick-

Viscardi, Henry, 'ive
Co., 1959.

3
son- aplin3er

 

Viscardi, Henry, Jr., "Too Little To Do,” Critrled
Child, KXKIII (October, 1955), 10-12.

«8155,

Wolfe

Zelle

- 117 -

David J., D vis, R3ne V., inglend, George 3.,
and Lofquist, Lloyd H., W l'dity of Kerk Histor’es

 

Ohtilned by Interview, Linnesota Jtudies in V0-
cati onelg :ehob111tnt1on. XII, Bulletin Ho. 34,

b1nne3‘ol1o. Iniustrinl Relations Center, Uni-

ver3itr of Minnesota, 1961. 47 p.

 

, Harvey 3., "The C
to t1 3 Editor), I3
ICCCVIII (March,196573

peti ve Horkshop," (Letter
no r Vuiinnce_lgnrn1_

5- 86.

 

 

ti
1
38

Found a Good'iay,"

, Jean A., "Go 361.5111 n
111 nion, AVII (May-June, 1951),

Journal of Re 3‘:
17’21 0

cf 01

IEPENDICES

- 119 -

SEWXEUEZ

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kame__, Referred By

Marital Status
Address Phone No. Sex___S. N. W. D. Sep.
Date of Date of Age at Age at Age at ‘
Admissionmhjischarge Onset __,____,Admission_____Follow Up , _
Diagnosis of Slowly Rapidly Per-

Disability

General

Specific

 

”Temporary__fi_Progressive_,nProgressive__.Stablefinmanentfl

Complicating Factors

 

 

71‘

Prescribed Program

v - ’—-.¢'-3’_—-‘- ' ‘r

rm”..- mm“!—

U-"'—‘-—u 2'-

 

 

www-m—A-ant‘vv‘p

General
Information

Admission

Discharge

 

 

- 1-‘-

Follow Up

 

 

 

 

Ambulatory

 

Ambulatory Aids

 

Standing
Tolerance

 

Walking
Tolerance

 

Work
Tolerance

 

Limitations
Due To Handicap
Or Disability

 

 

 

 

".

Transoortation Used

- 120 -

Admission

Discharge

 

Walk Only

Follow Up

 

 

Bus

 

Taxi

 

Private Auto

L...

 

 

 

Drive auto

 

Limitations on
Physical
Activities

 

Walking

 

Standing

 

Stooping

 

Kn
AL

(0

eling

 

Li

H)

ting

 

Reaching

 

Pushing

 

Pulling

 

Other (Specify)

*.

 

———~ —

 

Limitations on
Work Conditions

 

Outside

 

 

Inside

 

Humid

 

Dry

 

Dusty

 

Sudden Changes
of Temperature

 

w

Other (Specify)

 

 

 

- 12].-

Financial At
Information Before Disability At Admission At Discharge Follow Up

 

Income or
Earnings

 

 

Performed

 

Length of
Employment

 

Other
Financial
Assistance
(Per Month)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source

 

Reason

 

_:_. 4 r _;—“ .._——-.-.
J W —_ ——.. c 3

Educational Level , .
Completed (Years) 0 l 2 3 h 5 b 7 8 9 10 ll 12 13 1h 15 16 over

Special Education
or Training

 

Doctor's Name Time in hehab. Industry (Days)

 

—- ~——vv 'w —

Patient's Attitude Toward Service

 

——.
V - ‘———-—

Other Significant Information

1 USE CM!

9

R00

 

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