.. ., . " ' 41nd _ LI BRA R Y Michigan State University . Mil”WIN!(ll!IllWHIHHIIIIHIIHHllllllHlllHlHlHfl 3 1293 10380 5242 OVERDUE FINES ARE 25¢ PER DAY . PER mm Return to book drop to remove this checkout from your recOrd. ‘IIIIII‘ MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND THE STATUS OF NATURE PRESERVATION IN THE YANKARI GAME RESERVE, NIGERIA BY Emeka Chokos Joseph Okafor A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Fisheries and Wildlife 1978 ABSTRACT MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND THE STATUS OF NATURE PRESERVATION IN THE YANKARI GAME RESERVE, NIGERIA BY Emeka Chokos Joseph Okafor This study was carried out in Yankari between December 1976 and May 1977. It involved the determination of the degree to which the Reserve had been effective in maintaining the native biota, and the evaluation of its management. The studycovered the Yankari vegetation, animals and the attitudes of the local peeple to the Reserve. The vegetation was analysed using the "three step method of range analysis." All the vegetation types except the Pteleopsis habeensis woodland were in good condition. Erosion and overgrazing did not constitute major problems. Enumeration of the animals in the different vegetation types was carried out using the modified Hahn's census method on four major census transcets. The population of the ungulates and that of the predators were observed to have increased. The attitude of the local peeple toward the Reserve was obtained using a questionnaire, and the effects of private rights and privileges on nature preservation were reviewed. The major tourist attractions in Yankari were determined to be game viewing and swimming in the warm springs. An evaluation of the progress made in Yankari and the limitations to further progress were considered. Recommendations were made for the Reserve's continued success. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special appreciation with gratitude is extended to my major professor Dr. George A. Petrides of the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, for his role in initiating, directing and supervising this study. His relentless involvement in the prOper execution of the thesis preparation is deeply appreciated. To the members of my committee, Professors Leslie Gysel of the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Rollin Baker of Zoology, I feel indebted, for their constructive criticism and review of the thesis. Sincerest appreciation goes to the staff of the GPU for ensuring I obtained every material I needed for my work, and making my stay in Yankari comfortable. To Alhaji Jibran. Jia, Abdul Lassan, Stephan Haruna, Mallam Mijinyewa and Ahmadu Makama, I offer my special thanks. To Ahmadu Makama (Game Guard) whose total and selfless involvement in this study made it easier to accomplish, I express my indebtedness. _ Special appreciation is due to Dr. Ajovi Blessing Scott-Emuakpor of the Department of Human Medicine for his friendship, advice, moral and financial supports iii throughout my stay here. I also thank him for giving my wife Anne his special attention while I was carrying out my research in Nigeria. My sincerest appreciation goes to Anne for her understanding and cooperation while this thesis was being prepared and for giving me a special daughter whom we call Ogechukwu. Special appreciation is also due to my brothers Michael and Anthony and my sisters, especially firs. Adora Osefo for their encouragement throughout my stay at Nichigan State University. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude to the Federal Government of Nigeria who through the Federal Department of Forestry, Ibadan, made it possible for me to undertake a masters program in Wildlife management at Michigan State University. iv IdethOds O O O O O O O 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . History 0 O O O O O O O O O 0 Objectives of the Study . . . . . CHAPTER I O O O O I O O O O O O O O VEGETATIVE STUDIES . . . . . . . Afzelia Savanna Woodland . . . Combretaceous Savanna Woodland Combretaceous Shrub Savanna . Detarium Savanna Woodland . . Pteleopsis Habeensis Woodland High Forest . . . . . . . . . Riparian Vegetation . . . . . Composition . . . . . . . Forage Density Index . . . Vigor . . . . . Current Soil Erosion . . . Rating of Vegetation Types . . Classification of Current Soil Erosion Hazard Index . . ._. . Results and Discussion . . . . . Afzelia Savanna Woodland . . . Combretaceous Savanna Woodland Combretaceous Shrub Savanna . Detarium Woodland . . . . . Pteleopsis Labeensis Woodland High Forest . . . . . . . . . Fadaman Barkono . . . . . . . Fadaman Maka . . . . . . . . . (noon... .g...... Poona... H P000000. (1’ Koo...- q ha FMQ KO BURNING PRACTICES . . . . . Watershed Protection . . Effects of Tourists . . Conclusions and Recommendations CHAPTER I I O I O O O O O O O ANIMAL STUDIES . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . Animal Distributio . . Objectives . . . . . . . MethOds O O O O O O O O O 0 Results and Discussions . . ANIMAL USE OF VEGETATION . Predator Abundance . . . Migration . . . . . . . Buffer Zones . . . . . . Effects of Pesticides . Conclusions and Summary . . CHAPTER III . . . . . . . . . ~. 0 O O .- Attitude of the Local People Towards the Game Reserve: hie thOd S O O O O O O O O O 0 Results and Discussions . . Local/Private Rights and Privileges in Yankari Game Reserve and Their Effects On Nature Preservation . . Status of Other Man—Made Structures and Buildings in the Reserve and Their Effects on Nature Preservation . . Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations . vi Private Rights and Privileges and Their Effects on Nature Preservation page 30 31 32 32 35 35 35 36 37 37 48 49 51 54 54 SS 56 59 59 60 62 70 75 76 CHAPTER IV 0 O O O O O O O O 0 Wildlife Viewing Versus Visits to Wikki Warm Spring, and Local/National Benefits and Disadvantages of Tourism . . CMPTER v ‘ O O O O O O O O O O 0 Evaluation of the Progress and Limitations in Yankari Game Reserve . . . Physical Developments . Visitors Camp . . . . . Poaching . . . . . . . . Conservation Education . Training Program . . . . Research . . . . . . . . Control .. . . . . . . . . Conclusions, Summary and Recommendations vii page 80 87 87 88 88 90 91 92 92 93 94 LIST OF TABLES page Table 1. Numbers of Animals Seen, and Their Densities Per km2 in the Afzelia Savanna Woodland, Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria, 1977 Sherman/Kashim Ibrahim/Libji Tracts (Transact 1) . . . . . . . . . . 42 Table 2. Numbers of Animals Sean, and Their Densities Per km2 in the Combretaceous Savanna Woodland Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria, 1977. Coulthad Way (Transact 2). . . . 43 Table 3. Numbers of Animals Seen, and Their Densities Per km2 in the Riparian Vegetation, Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria, 1977 Dabben Maje Track (Transact 3). . . . . 44 Table 4. Numbers of Animals Seen, and Their Densities Per km2 in the Combretaceous Shrub Savanna, Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria 1977. Macallacin Gaude/ Rimi Road (Transact 4) . . . . . . . . 45 Table 5. Total Number of Animals Counted in All Transacts in Four Morning Censuses in Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria, 1977. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Table 6. Total Number of Animals Counted in All Transacts in Four Afternoon Censuses in Yankari Game Reserve 'Nigeria, 1977. . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Table 7. Reasons Given by Tourists for Visiting Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria, December 1976, January and May, 1977 . 82 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Nigeria Game Reserves and Wildlife Figure Figure Figure Figure 2. Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Outline of the Yankari Game Reserve Showing the Boundaries . . . . . . . . 4 Yankari Game Reserve Generalised Vegetation Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Location of Transacts and Their Starting Positions in Afzelia Savanna, Combretaceous Savanna Woodland, and Combretaceous Shrub Savanna, and Detarium Savanna Woodland Vegetation Types. . . . . . . 17 Location and Starting Points of Transacts Used in the Animal Study in Yankari Game Reserve . . . . . . . . 38 ix GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Game Preservation Unit of the Forestry Division was formed within the former Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources in 1956. This followed a visit to the Republic of Sudan by the first Minister of Natural Resources of the then Northern Nigeria, Alhaji Mohammadu Ngeleruma. While in the Sudan, he was taken up the White Nile where he was surprised and interested to see elephants, giraffes, buffaloes and other game feeding along the river banks. The animals, he was told, were not frightened by the steamer because the area was a game reserve. On his return to Northern Nigeria, he suggested that a game preservation unit be formed which would establish a Reserve where Nigerians could see large animals in their natural state. When this unit was finally formed in 1956, its first task was to select a suitable site for deveIOpment. The Yankari bush, then being constituted as a forest reserve was selected. After 7 years of protecting the wildlife, developing jeep tracks and building a visitor's camp, the Yankari Game Reserve was opened to the public on :\;I<;.i:u.x ‘ . , Fig. 1 GAME RESERVES AND & v§I2LDLIFE DISTRIBUTION r a. I ' I l‘x-Apn 0' l “ Kl“ DJWMOQIINCN'VDIISMII near-u- n-un-umm-umuun m‘ In .*-—¢':'-—1_7-:_--:~:_ .IIN 0 h. an n - III-u. :22“ 2:3)“ ’LEGEND ‘ ‘ ' ’ ) «my on: mum , i I“ I‘ll“. ' "0’0!” all! quvu I. a. .o m ' m ammum mzao .e «.3... o... 8 of co... 0... 6. 0 it ‘ 00‘ .300... Quill ' .0 O a... 3... ‘ . pi- . . — . - O. - G”... . — — - . . IIIII. 6.. so... So... shrubs, tall annual forbs and tussock forming grasses. On the banks of the all-season Gaji and Yashi rivers occur relict broad-leaved evergreen forests. On the swampy flood plains, a mosaic of riparian vegetation types occurs. 1 The main source of water in the Reserve are a number of warm springs plus the Gaji and Yashi rivers. The Gaji river follows a non-ferruginishad sandstone escarpment up to 30 meters high (Geerling, 1973). At eight points on the riverside sandstone cliff, perennial springs of clear, tasteless and slightly acidic (PH 5.4) waters emerge the year round at a temperature of 310 C ' (880 F). Of these only the Dimil warm spring shows much iron content (Sikes, 1964; Thomas and Sikes, 1971). Away from the rivers, waterholes occur. Normally these ‘ are dry between November and May. The relative humidity may drOp to under 10 percent during January. Between March and April temperatures range from 36° C to 38° C, with the mean maximum temperature of 19° C occurring in January, with a range of between 11° c and 14° c (Geerling, 1973). In general, the soils of Yankari are deep and well- drained red sandy loams. Udo (1970) states that the Reserve lies on cretaceous rocks overlain by Teritiary sandstones and shales. Though sometimes described as red ferralitics (Tomlinson, 1965), Bawden at 31 (1971) described the soils as leached ferriginons. Klinkenberg and Higgins (1970) reported them as undifferentiated ferrisols. Soil erosion in Yankari at the time of study was not considered excessive. Vegetative destruction by animals, however, especially by elephants and warthogs, has resulted in sheet erosion in some areas and this may worsen so as to affect the habitats of the bigger ungulates. These include the western hartebeest (Alcelaphus major), West African savanna buffalo (Syncerus Caffer brachycerus), waterbuck (Kobus defassa), roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), elephant (Loxodonta africana), and hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibus), Medium-sized ungulates in the reserve include the red flanked duiker (Cephalophus rufialatus), bushbuck (Tragalephus scriptus), gray duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), and oribi (Ourebia oribi). The lion (Panthera leo), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), side-striped jackal (Canis adustus), caracal (Felis caracal),' hunting dog (Lycoan pictus), and 1e0pard (Panthers pardus) are among the resident carnivores. Primates are represented by the baboon (Papio anubis) and the patas (Erythrocebus pate) and tantalus (Cercopithecus aethiOps) monkeys. Objectives Of The Study As the first Game Reserve in Nigeria, the Yankari was selected for study in order to appraise the results of efforts to protect the biota. The investigation was undertaken: a.) b.) c.) d.) To measure range condition and trend in important wildlife habitats and thus provide a basis for later comparison. To determine whether wildlife had increased under protection and to ascertain current abundance levels and their relationships to vegetation. To study the attitudes of local residents towards the Game Reserve and to appraise the Socio- political aspect of management in the Yankari. It was also hoped to find out if poaching and other minor acts of vandalism evident in the area were related to public attitudes. To evaluate the overall success of the Yankari Game Reserve. This assessment would involve working with the constituted authorities of the Reserve and learning their attitudes, objectives and future plans. The study was carried out in the Yankari Game Reserve between November 1976 and late May 1977. Participating in achieving the fourth objective were the Chief Game Preservation Officer, Alhaji Jibrin Jia; Deputy Conservator of Forests, Mr. Abdul Lassan; Resident Game Warden, Stephen Haruna and the Anti-poaching Officer Mallam Mujinyewa. CHAPTER I VEGETATIVE STUDIES Basically, the vegetation of the Yankari Game Reserve may be described as Burkea africana-Combretum glutinosum savana woodland. Trees typically attain heights of 13 to 20 meters, while grasses cover most unshaded soils. Keay (1949, I959) classified the Yankari vegetation as Sudan savanna while Clayton (1957) referred to the region as the Sub-Sudan zone. Using Geerling's (1973) categories, seven different types were identified: 1. Afzelia Savanna Woodland: Involving the eastern and western portions of the Reserve (map 3), this type occupied about 40-50 percent of the total area. Trees ranged between 15 and 18 meters tall with girths of 0.7 to 1.0 meter. Afzelia africana and Burkea africana formed the upper tree stratum with the middle layer, dominated by Detarium micro- cerpum and Combretum glutinosum. At ground level, the perennial grasses CymbOpogon giganteus, and Andropogon gayanus during 9 10 was 0"? : 10.8. I.“ “- S \l d d'U . \ \.\ C .\ l \ J . WV fi\\ .4. ‘ a w PINS e. .3n.\\.\ n .’.s’.\..a ..\.\ .’ I O. .u u‘ . . .H..\/ g I. ”MWNMH4VIMM. ’ r ./.J L «Prawn. A a, \\\\\..&.t.n,\ A: u f m m . m m C Y :m anon hno hOfi was was as ecu vhU des wmmn mu u go .. «a»... TA... ..fls e 9.1 mmm a mi ems mu e. .um .wv... 3.8 o 6 mm 3.1.8 IO’OO’ " 11 the rainy season grew as tall as three meters. The major annual grass was Hyparrhenia involucrata. Combretaceous Savanna Woodland: Adjoining the western-most portion of the Afzelia africana woodland this open-canopy type extended from about 8 to l kilometer east of the Gaji river and to continue west of the river. The common trees were Burkea africana and Crossopteryx febrifuga. The canopy trees attained heights of 12 to 15 meters. Other trees included Anogeisus leicarpus, Detarium microcarpum, Terminalia avicennoides, Terminalia laxiflora, Combretum glutinosum and Combretum nigricans. In the lower stratum the dominant grass was gyparrhenia involuarata with the grasses Andropagon ascinoides, Digitana gayana, Laudatia and Ctenium also present. Combretuceous_§hrub.Savanna: Found west of the Gaji river and bordering the Combretaceous savanna woodland, the dominant shrub was Combretum nigricans. Other tree species were Boscia salicifolia, Balanite aegyptica and Lannia spp. The tallest ones ranged between 6 and 9 meters. Hyparrhenia invobeerata and 12 \ Andropogan gayanus were the common grasses. Detarium Savanna woodland: A more Open savanna having Detarium microcarpum as the common tree, occupied the south-western portion of the reserve. Also found here were Combretum glutinosum, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Lannea, and Vitex spp. The trees attained heights of only 1.8 to 3 meters. The grasses were similar to those in the other areas but also included AndrOpogpn ascinoides, Ctenium and Laudatia spp. Pteleopsis habeensis Woodland: Found in parts of the Combretaceous Savanna woodland along guillies and steep slopes, near rivers and along temporary tributaries were areas where Pteleopsis habeensis dominated. Co-dominant tree species included Adansonia digitata, and Diosporus mespiliformis. Dominant trees were 10-20 meters tall and formed an unbroken canapy. Croton zambesicus, Boscia senegalensis and Gardenia sokotoansis dominated the middle stratum. Grass density was extremely low. Only the shade-tolerant Digitaria longiflora occurred on the woodland floor along with Sanseviera liberica. 13 High Forest Small areas of constantly wet soils supported broad-leaved evergreen trees, 25 to 35 meters tall. Forming an unbroken canOpy was Uapaca heudelotti, Elasis guinaensis, and Nesogprdonia papaverifera. Middle stratum trees included Khaya ivorensis, Raphia Sudanica and Coffee.spp. Because the forest floor was completely shaded no grasses occurred. Seedlings of Nesorgordonia papaverifera and Coffee spp. could be found on the forest floor. Riparian Vegetation Four vegetative sub-types occurred on the banks of the rivers Gaji, Yashi and the warm springs: a. The aquatic herbs Marsilea spp, Azolla africana, Nymphaea lotus and micrantha, and Euphorbia spp were found in shallow marshes. b. Considerable portions of the Gaji Valley were covered by tangles, l to 2 meters tall of Mimosa pigra and Jardinea congoensis. c. Large areas of the Gaji river valley were predominantly covered by the sharp-leaved and nearly-impenetrable sedge Cyperus exaltatus. On the outer fringes of Cyperus 14 stands, the fern Cycloserus striatus and the sedges Rhychgspora corymbosa and Fuirena umbellata were common.' d. An evergreen fig swamp along the.Gaji river valley included Ficus congoensis and Alchornaa cardifolia, along with major climbers Culcasia esculensis and Paulina pinnata and ferns Nephrolepsis and Pteris spp. Methods The vegetative study was conducted in accordance with the three-step method of range analysis (Parker, 1951). The stages involved were (a) the establishment of a series of transects in clusters, in selected characteristic areas representative of the vegetation types, with summarizations of data both from each transect and from the areas immediately adjacent, (b) an analysis of the entire clusters, with determination of the current vegetative condition and trend, (c) the photographic recording of (1) the general area of the plot to enable locating it later for comparison and range trend analysis and (2) the transect close-up showing plant details. Between three and eight permanently- located 100 meter line transects were established in each of the seven vegetation types. The photographic slide recordings of the vegetative conditions in 1977 in the different vegetation types can be obtained from the author '15 or in the departmental library of the Federal Department of Forestry in Ibadan, Nigeria. The line transects were each marked by permanent cement beacons placed at their starting points. All transects in a cluster were laid in the same general compass direction. The maximum number of line transects in a cluster was four while the minimum was two. All transects were laid during the month of January 1977, and all data were tallied on the field after all necessary observations were made on a transect. A loo-meter chain was stretched tightly between stakes and as close as possible to the soil surface. A metal ring 1.09 mm (3/4 inch) in circumference was drapped at each meter loop of the chain. At each of the 100 observation points, the ground cover was classified and tallied as vegetation, litter, rock, erosion pavement or bare ground. Perennial grasses and weeds were recorded as 'hits' if the root crown or a portion thereof fell within the ring. In the rare cases where two or three plants of different species occurred within the ring, all were recorded. Recording was assisted by the use of species symbols. After recording the presence of plants on a transect, the lengths of ten well formed leaves from dominant trees were taken as a measure of species vigor. These 16 were obtained from a 30.48 by 45.70 meters (100 X 110 feet) plot established around each transect, with the transect line forming the center-line of the plot. Figure 3 shows the vegetation distribution and extent of each type in the Game Reserve. The locations of the transects by vegetation types are listed and marked on Figure 4. Afzelia Savanna Woodland Eight permanently marked transects were established in three clusters, each transect being successively further north on Ahmadu Bello Way from Wikki camp. Cluster Transact Starting distance Compass Number (north of Wikki Camp) bearing 1 l 4.3 km 260° 2 5.0 km 260° 3 6.0 km 2609 l 9.0 km 98° 2 2 10.0 km 150° 3 11.0 km 120° 1 16.0 km 2I3°—_—_— 3 2 17.0 km 165° Combretaceous Savanna Shrubland. Eight transects were established in three clusters while moving successively south along Kwala/Adamu Jumba roads. The first transect was established at the inter- section of Duguri and Kwala roads: 17 60:»: .5333?» 98:53 3:33.. . .. .3333 use 23335 assessaohago .. 33:53 secs?” 0.5332338 .s§d>sn v.3... snow: 5 28338 Eugen 32F use 308:5... no 53.53 c as: 0.0. I 09“ I O I .h. C... '0'. i I .300... Ss'll . o o .3... I If. . I: ...-..K-;I-III:. 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Bum.flmm 46 G ESIN mnmwmsmmmmmmmmm rm 5: m mummy 3 mwmamum mmnlatlo mmnaom m35650 6k ””0060 I.“ 3 O 1. smo 02° 0&0 5%0 05° Oribi Antelope Been Antelope Sea-val Get spotted Hyena Striptd Jackal manna-am Hertha: waterbuck western Ierteheeet Tetehmzzmmuca 47 m m 3L____2_ 3 ‘* £4186. Baboon 5 12‘» 371 185 685 mm 6 158 808 327 1299 W O z 9 O 11 nophnt o I: 100 86 190 Grey Dumm- 7 o 1 o 8 Hippopotamus O O 1.0 O 10 Lion O O ‘ 3 O 3 Orihi Antelope o 5 o o 5 Been Antelope #1 loo 3 ho lZ‘I Sea-val Cat 0 1 o o 1 Spotted Hyena o o o o o Striped Jackal o 1 o o 1 Red flanked mm:- o 3 5 6 1!: um 35 #2 119 27 223 waterbuck 5 131 582 413 1.131 Western Hertebeeet 33 8k 220 76 #33 mmgzmmum 48 Results and Discussions A few animal species especially the roan antelope, warthog and western hartebeest were found all over the Reserve in similar densities (Tables 1 - 4), indicating that they had no well-marked habitat preferences.' Though a few buffaloes, elephants and waterbucks were seen in the drier areas of the Game Reserve, they were observed to prefer the wetter portions owing to their shade and water requirements. More animal species were represented in the wetter area (for example Combretaceous savanna woodland and Riparian vegetation) than in the drier Afzelia woodland and the Combretaceous shrub savanna (Tables 1 - 4). This was likely due to the season of study. At that time, the dry area was completely burned and without forage except for small portions. The large numbers of water- bucks and buffaloes found in the Combretaceous shrub savanna (Table 4) was a result of water from the Yashi river being close for the first 5 kilometers of transect. Generally, there were more animals seen in the afternoons than in the morning (Tables 5 and 6). In the upland dry Afzelia savanna woodland, the animal species with the highest densities per square kilometer included baboons, warthogs, roan antelopes and western hartebeests (Table 1). On moving closer 49 to the water body in the Combretaceous savanna woodland buffaloes, waterbucks, bushbucks and elephants became frequent as the Riparian vegetation increased (Tables 2 and 3). The animal population in Yankari Game Reserve evidently was on the increase. This seemed apparent from the vegetation in the fadaman areas which, though still in good condition, showed signs of increased grazing and browsing. In addition, more animals were seen during this study than during earlier visits by the author in 1972 and 1974. Beliefs that ungulates had increased in recent years also were expressed by the GPU staff and the villagers residing close to the Reserve (see beyond in Chapter III). Animal Use Of Vegetation ‘ Both the quantity and quality of food available in the Reserve depends on the season. During dry months, most of the grasses are burned and the unburned ones become dry. The deciduous trees shed their leaves and remain leafless for about 1 to 2 months. Only the perennial grasses maintain growth at this time. The annuals and most herbs do not appear until the rainy season is well underway (Geerling, 1973). In the savannas, continuous growth occurs only on the deeper and well-develOped soils generally on flat 50 lands of the Afzelia and Combretaceous savannas (Geerling, 1973). In the Combretaceous savanna shrub- land, lack of moisture prevents the growth of plants, especially the grasses, during the dry season. Long before the rains start in May/June, however, new grasses flush and the trees produce new leaves. During the dry period, the larger herbivores and especially the buffaloes ate much dry grass and also the young shoots of green grass which grow after burning. Aromatic grasses which included Gymb0pogon giganteus were often unpalatable at this time (Geerling, 1973). Balanite egypticus, found in both the savanna shrub and woodlands and young succulent leaves of Afzelia africana, were extensively consumed by elephants and roan ante10pes. Andropogon gayanus tussocks also were extensively utilised by large herbivores. Andropogon ascinoides and Laudetia arundinacea which occurred in large quantities in both the Combretaceous shrub and woodlands seemed to be preferred foods of the western hartebeest. ' In the floodplain, where the moisture content of the soil was high all year round and fire had no regulating influence on the vegetation, the most extensively utilized plant species were Jardinea congoensis and Mimosa pigra. Animals seen feeding in tangles of these Species included elephants, waterbucks, weStern hartebeests, roan ante10pes, 51 warthogs, bushbucks and hippOpotamus. Both Jardinea and Mimosa continued to do well despite heavy browsing and grazing pressure. .This may have been helped by the annual floodings during which these plants were not used. Aquatic plants contributed considerably to complement the diet of large herbivores. The aquatic sedge Rynchospora corymbosa was intensively grazed by buffaloes, which also were observed feeding on the herb Potomageton octandrus and the grasses Sacciolepis africana and Acroceras amplectens. Warthogs extensively utilized the aquatic ferQ Marselia spp and in the sedge meadows a mixture of fine-leaved sedges were eaten heavily by waterbucks, warthogs, buffaloes, baboons and tantalus monkeys (Geerling, 1973) Predator Abundance From historical accounts, the Game Reserve had been moderately stocked with several species of carnivores. Most of these were ultimately reduced to near-extinction by hunters who valued animal skins like those of lion, leopard and cheetah. Men who killed the large predators were and still are regarded with awe. They thus established respected position in their communities. The skins of lions, leopards and Cheetahs are highly prized possessions 52 in Nigeria and are in great demand. Of the carnivores assumed to occur in the Reserve, the lion is not often seen. The largest number seen in a pride during the study was three. Leopard activities were reported often by the villagers, but neither the animal nor its tracks were observed. Cheetahs were reported to be present, but none was seen. Hunting dogs were known (Geerling, 1973) to occur in four parks of seven individuals each and civets were believed to be relatively common near Rimi village. The hyena pepulation was reported by villagers to be on the increase. Both striped and spotted hyenas were said to be relatively common. Coulthad, the first manager of the Reserve, undertook a trek in 1956 that covered both the northern and southern sides of the Gaji river. He wrote then (in Sikes, 1964) a report that ”no lion or leOpard tracks were seen, which is rather surprising, considering that there is ample food for them in the way of bushbucks, duiker and warthog. I do not think that either lion or leOpard are common at all in this reserve.” In his April to June 1960 report (Sikes, 1964) he remarked that 14 sheep had strayed into the Reserve near the village of Fali and had emerged unscratched ten days later at Dogon Ruwa village. Later unpublished observations by other workers and visitors to 53 Yankari also advised that the pOpulation of carnivores was low in relation to the amount of available food. The situation in 1977, however, seemed to have improved. During the period spent in Yankari, calls of carnivores identified as lions, hyenas, jackals and hunting dogs were clearly heard during the night. Lion footprints were seen early one morning. The footprints observed on that occasion far outnumbered the number actually recorded during the later censuses. Sighting lions in the Reserve during the dry season was difficult because their fur blended completely with the golden brown colors of the grasses and dried leaves. Fresh kills of both young and old buffaloes, waterbucks, warthogs and roan antelopes were encountered often during the study, however, and indicated the probable considerable increase in the large carnivores, especially lions. Reports from the villagers of increased sighting of hyenas and jackals closely also indicated that the Yankari predator population is increasing. While the provision of artificial dens might help the predator pOpulation to increase in Yankari, it is more likely that as in other African and world Reserves (Petrides, 1957) predator numbers are controlled by dominance relationships among the carnivores themselves. 54 All the predators observed during the study, seemed to be healthy and free of infections thus suggesting that the low population was due neither to_disease nor insufficient food. Migration Except for local seasonal movements within the Reserve the animals of Yankari seemed rather sedentary. During the rains, animals were found all over the Reserve except on the submerged floodplain. In the dry months, however, animals tended to be concentrated on the floodplain and near the river. This brought about heavy grazing.and browsing pressure especially on Mimosa pigra and Jardinea Congoensis. In years gone by, the animals in Yankari may have migrated for longer distances. If so, however, their migration routes have been cut by the establishment and growth of villages across them. Buffer Zones Because the Reserve is surrounded by villages the GPU found it necessary to insulate the Reserve from them by establishing buffer zones. Around the villages of Rimi, Dogon Ruwa and Mainamaji, the buffer zones extend for about 1 to 2 kilometers beyond the boundary of the Reserve towards the settlements. Near Gaji, Duguri and 55 ' Birkin Dutse, the buffer zone extends 0.5 to 1 kilometer from the reserve boundary. Generally, however, animals were not seen within the area 3 to 5 km from the Reserve boundaries. Presumably, they were disturbed by farmers and hunters near the boundaries even though they were in the Reserve. Parts of the buffer zones adjacent to the settlements are now farmed, too bringing the farmers closer to the Reserve. Effects of Pesticides At the time of the study, Yankari had a high incidence of tse-tse fly, and this resulted in visitors occassionally but sparingly using pesticides while there. At times some researchers used a negligible amount of pesticides to keep off flies and insects while they worked. Efforts were being made, however, to control the tse-tse fly population biologically by the Institute of Trypanosomaisis Research. Also the GPU sprayed all vehicles entering or leaving Wikki camp for the purpose of reducing the tse-tse flies there. General use of pesticides have never been encouraged at Yankari and they have not constituted a problem yet in the Reserve. The effects of the minimal pesticide use have not been studied. 56 Effects of Tourists on Wildlife Most of the animals in the Reserve are used to people and are not shy. They would run, however, when peOple came close. The baboons, especially, were used to tourists and the workers in the camp. They did regularly visit the restaurant and often were fed by visitors. This induced familiarities with humans has led the 2 to 3 baboon families that have their territories around Wikki camp to attack domestic livestock, children and workers in the camp on several occassions. Sanitary workers in the camp especially were targets of attack in the mornings when they collected household garbage. Apart from this, there have been few problems between the tourists and the animals. Yet it is evident that the "taming" of wild animals by tourists may make it necessary that overly-familiar individual animals to be destroyed in order to prevent injuries or more serious consequences. Conclusions and Summary The best time to observe the animals in the Reserve would be in the late afternoons during the dry season when most of them are near water sources either feeding or drinking. Low animal counts should be expected then in both the Afzelia woodlands and the Combretaceous savanna shrubland at this time of year. S7 The red-flanked duiker, bushbuck, waterbuck, hippopotamus and elephants tended to become more evident in the Riparian vegetation type. All other animal species were found all over the Reserve indicating no particular attachment to any special habitats. From personal assess- ment based on earlier visits to Yankari, related accounts from both the GPU staff and the villagers, and the feeding pressure evident on the vegetation, the animal population in the Reserve has maintained an upward trend. There were no sudden increases nor decreases in numbers among the different animal species during the study period, thus ruling out an cases of immigration into the Reserve. Judging from Coulthad's earlier accounts and personal observation of the author, the predator population is also on the increase. Though not many predators were seen during the day, their activities at night were noted from calls and abundant footprints, especially of lions. Both pesticides and visitors have not had any great effects yet on Yankari animals or vegetation. A study should be made to ascertain which animal species once occurred in Yankari, but have now become extinct there. If any species are identified as being locally extinct while their habitats are neither degraded nor occupied by other species, attempts at restocking 58 should be considered. Creating of artificial dens to augument the existing ones might be tested to determine if they help to increase the predator pOpulation in the Reserve. Given the rather small sample area used in this study, and considering the limited time available and the time of year study was carried out, no very strong inferences can be drawn on the densities per square kilometer obtained for each animal species for each vegetation type. Repeated counts on the same areas, over a period of years, however, together with further vegetation analysis could provide more concrete information on the population trend of the animal species. CHAPTER III ATTITUDE OF THE LOCAL PEOPLE TOWARDS THE GAME RESERVE; PRIVATE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON NATURE PRESERVATION. Yankari is surrounded by villages some of which were located inside the boundaries of the Reserve in earlier days. Occupants of these villages often had some rights to lands now within the Reserve. Some residents were professional hunters, while others had farmed areas around the rivers. Their eviction and the inconveniences they still suffer from being unable to live, farm and hunt there has antagonised them toward the GPU. V Since the reserved areas for forests and game in Nigeria typically were established with no consideration for the well-being, Opinions and convenience of the peOple that owned the land, it was thought that a survey should be designed to determine the attitudes and reaction of the peOple to the Reserve. Study objectives were: 1. to identify areas of friction between the villages and the GPU and to ascertain how to solve them, 59 60 2. to determine how the Reserve can best help the villagers, and thus restore their confidence in the GPU, and 3. to secure c00peration from the villages regarding information on poaching and minor vandalism apparent in the Reserve. Methods Twenty-nine(29) questions (Questionnaire 1) were designed to determine villager reaction and to estimate the Reserve's chances of future success. The questionnaire dealt with the personal characteristics of the villagers sampled, their attitude towards the Reserve, and their relationships with the GPU. Each question was provided with 2 to 5 alternative answers from which choices could be made, but which would restrict the interviewees from rambling and offering irrelevant answers. In order to randomise the sample, it was planned that on arriving at a village, the occupants of every third house on the right and every seCond home on the left hand side of the main village street would be identified. Efforts would then be made to interview all adults older than 20 years. Unfortunately the Moslem religion forbids entry of strangers into the homes of married people. Due to this restriction, procedures were modified so that the entire available village population was interviewed at 61 the same time. Of 22 possible villages, the nine chosen for study were Birkin Dutse, Dogon Ruwa, Duguri, Gaji, Gale, Kuka, Mainamaji, Rimi and Yashi. These were selected because they were close to the Reserve boundaries, were suspected to be involved in poaching, or showed sympathy toward poachers. They were accessible to the investigator and contained over 40 adult men each. On arriving at a village an audience was requested with the Serkin (village chief) through one of his counsellors. After the purpose of the visit was explained, he would send out messengers to different parts of the village summoning those at home to his court. Because of Moslem restrictions, it also was impossible to interview women. Responses to questions therefore were only from males. They were divided by age groups to avoid the traditional reluctance of young persons to speak up before their elders. The age categories were: Group 1 - 20 to 30 years Group 2 - 31 to 50 years Group 3 - 51 years and over Only in Gaji village, where they were more than 35 elders, did the size of any age group exceed 20. Working with three Hausa-speaking members of the GPU, each age group in succession was asked a question. All 62 possible answers were read to them and their responses tallied. The data are summarized in Questionnaire l with the responses for each village tallied in Appendix III. Results and Discussions Of the 563 persons interviewed, 463 (82 percent) indicated that they liked the Reserve, 50 (9 percent) said they did not like the idea of its existence and the remaining 50 persons expressed indifference to it. In Rimi village, where all the interviewees claimed to be professional hunters, everyone expressed indifference to it. In Gaji, all claimed to be farmers yet there was a 50 percent opposition to the Reserve. This could be interpreted to mean that the group opposed to the Reserve really wanted to hunt there. In all other villages sampled there was a 100 percent response in favor of the Reserve. As to what they would have preferred in its place 378 of the 563 interviewees (67 percent) opted for agri- cultural establishments. 150 (27 percent) preferred industrialisation. Although 80 percent had said that they liked the Reserve, only 150 (27 percent) wanted the Game Reserve kept as it was. One must doubt therefore, the general approval of the Ibserve which was first stated. 63 304 out of 563 persons interviewed had worked in some ways for the GPU. The villages that had benefitted finadially from the Reserve included Sira/Yashi, Dogon Ruwa, Kuka, Gale and Mainamaji. About 80 percent of the GPU labor force came from these areas. Contracts for the construction of roads, drifts, culterts and some residential house in Yankari were often awarded to workers of these communities. As based on conversations with Yankari's assistant game warden Stephen Haruna, most of the other villages had gained nothing from the Reserve; The inability of these places to benefit from the Reserve was attributed to their hostile attitudes to the Reserve and to their more remote locations. During the study, the deprived villages did not hesitate to express contempt for the Reserve and its management. The GPD for its part, regarded these villages as hostile, uncooperative and had taken no measures to curtail possible friction. Reducing such conflicting differences could facilitate control of poaching and such vandalism as setting fires in the Reserve. 202 persons (36 percent) in the sample population claimed to have lost portions of their farms to the Game Reserve. This claim was common in the villages of Sira/ Yashi, Birkin Dutse, Gaji, Gale and Kuka. The villagers of Gaji especially felt bitter about their losses and were 64 ' hostile to the GPU. 101 persons (18 percent) claimed to have lost livestock and grazing lands to the Reserve while only 62 interviewees (11 percent) said that they had lost farm products. 152 persons (27 percent), surprisingly, did not lose anything to the Reserve. All who claimed losses said that no compensation was offered. If outstanding records substantiated their claims, it would be well even now to pay compensation. This would contribute in great measure to arresting dissatisfaction. Rather than work for the GPU or other organizations, 450 interviewees (80 percent) said that they would prefer to intensify their farming activities and to sell their farm products to Reserve visitors. 113 persons (20 percent) indicated that they would prefer to work for the GPU. Farming was preferred because most of those interviewed were illiterate people with large families to support. Crop production would earn them much more than their GPU wages. 534 persons (95 percent) of the number interviewed owned more than five hectares of land, and some even had more than 100 hectares. The limiting factor to food production in this area evidently is soil fertility rather than land shortage. Many of the peOple could. weave or carve and their finished products sold as 65 souveniers to tourists also could earn them appreciable sums. Asked whether they had trapped or hunted in the Reserve, 439 persons (78 percent) admitted having done so. 540 interviewees (96 percent) agreed that if they had to hunt, it would be solely for meat to eat. It seemed evident that if the Reserve could increase its wildlife herds and produce cropable meat, it would have a saleable commodity and also help to control poaching. POpulation build-up of reserve wildlife, however, must come first. Only 191 persons (34 percent) of those interviewed indicated that they would report a game violation to the GPU. 247 interviewees (44 percent) let him go regardless and 50 persons (9 percent) would even show the poacher the best way to escape. In other words, 371 (66 percent) of the interviewees would not cooperate with the GPU to report poachers even when they knew of them. The reasons advanced by most villagers for their reluctance to act were that they probably would not be armed while the poacher in all cases would be. They stood a good chance of being killed if they showed even the slightest tendency to intrude in the poacher's affairs. They also felt that reporting a poacher would disrupt the solidarity of the villages whether or not the reported poacher was from their village or another 66 one. Situations such as these are often very difficult to reverse. The most obvious ways to neutralise the conspiracy between the villages is for the GPU to intensify its patrol- ling of the Reserve and to hire paid informants among the villagers. The villagers of Duguri even claimed that they would like to report poachers to the GPU. This response does not conform, however, with their local reputation and to their resistance to the Reserve and the GPU. (Because of this discrepancy, one must question whether their other responses were truthful). 264 (47 percent) of the persons interviewed wanted monetary compensation for reporting a poacher, 90 (16 per- cent) would prefer to share the meat with a poacher and have nothing to do with the GPU and 11 persons (2 percent) wanted permission to collect firewood, thatch, or fish and to graze their livestock inside the Reserve as their price for cooperation. 202 persons (36 percent) said they would report the poachers to the GPU without demanding compensation, but would only demand it if they had spent money to collect the information. If the boundaries of the Reserve were to be extended, probably force would be required to move the people. 447 (79 percent) would refuse to move and would be ready to fight if need be. Another 112 (20 percent) 67 would demand and require that they receive compensation before they would leave. Only 11 (2 percent) of those interviewed would move peaceably. It seems most improbable that Reserve boundaries could be extended except by decree and this would be very disadvantageous to the Reserve and the GPU. Asked whether the animal population was increasing in Yankari, all the villagers answered in the affirmative indicating that there had been remarkable pOpulation growth in the last decade. In Kuka, the villagers complained about constant disturbances by hyenas and baboons. In Rimi, they talked about threats to their livestock by leopards. Other animal species believed to have increased considerably included the western hartebeest, waterbuck, roan ante10pe, warthog and lion. The chances of any animal returning safely to the Reserve from the adjoining farmland seemed quite remote. 501 persons (89 percent) said they would trap, kill or cripple any individual that strayed onto their property. Only 28 persons (5 percent) would report the crop destruction on their farms and hOpe to claim compensation. 11 persons (2 percent) would scare the animal away and 22 interviewees (4 percent) said they would invite hunter friends to kill the animal. 68 These tough decisions were motivated by a shortage of meat in a society that used to enjoy an abundant supply before the creation of the Reserve. They felt that they had little chances of being paid compensation by the GPU, if they reported animal intrusion and damages to them. On whether the people were ready to give up their current engagements and work for the GPU if required mandatorily, 450 (80 percent) of the people said they would only work for the GPU if there were nothing else to do. 112 (20 percent) would under no condition accept employment from the GPU. Resentment against the GPU was especially severe in Rimi and Gaji villages, where nobody would work for the organisation even if forced to do so. Asked if employed by the GPU whether they would be available for emergency duties, 450 persons (80 percent) said they would respond. In both Rimi and Gaji, where they claimed they would refuse employment offers from the GPU, no one would respond to emergency demands. 101 peOple (18 percent) admitted being moderately well treated, while 352 interviewees (62 percent) held the GPU treated them very well. But 110 persons (20 percent) from the villages of Duguri and Rimi, said the GPU treated them very poorly. 69 The villages of Duguri, Gaji and Rimi were completely dissatisfied with the GPU. The level of understanding between these groups needs badly to be improved. For their mutual benefit especially that of the GPU, these villages known to be sympathetic towards poachers should be better treated. On how the GPU could improve on its relationships and the villages, 336 interviewees (60 percent) wanted the GPU to help them obtain farming aids, improved seeds and fertiliser from the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 143 persons (24 percent) suggested more and better-paying jobs for the people while 79 persons (14 percent) mainly from Gaji, wanted permission to exercise some privileges such as fishing, thatch and firewood collection and hunting in the Game Reserve. 422 interviewees (75 percent) would welcome the establishment of new Game Reserves and national parks, provided they were not located in their areas. 141 persons (25 percent), comprising interviewees from Duguri, Gaji, and Rimi Villages, did not see the need for creating more reserves and parks in the country. They suggested reducing the areas of the existing ones, and redistributing the freed portions of land to farmers. Asked why the need to reduce the areas, they responded that the land within the Reserve was more fertile 70 and would yield more food. This attitude might be modified by teaching improved soil management techniques to the farmers. All of the interviewees would permit tourists to visit their areas. They suggested that they had numerous activities with which to entertain the tourists when and if they came. They felt that the GPU should arrange to have the villagers bring their entertainment to the visitors camp and thereby afford them the chance to derive additional income. Local/PrivateRights And Privileges In Yankari Game Reserve And Their Effects On Nature Preservation. Only GPU employees can exercise privileges in the Reserve. These involved the collection of thatch, fire- wood and the use of an area close to Wikki camp as a burial ground, especially for children. Firewood collection was intensive in Yankari and has initiated some soil erosion, but mainly only near Wikki camp. Thatch collection is normally carried out in the late dry season. Because the grasses are dead, thatch collection has no effect on available forage and only reduces the amount of shade available to the animals in the hot dry season. On the other hand, it aids in the reduction of fires in the Reserve. 7 1 QUESTIONNAIRE l Questionnaire for the Determination of the Reaction of 563 People Living Around the Game Reserve and the Future Chances of Success of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria (with questions 9 - 29 Percentages of Response April to May, 1977 1. Name - not used 2. Sex (a) m (b) F = 565 3. Occupation? (a Farmer . (510 (b Hunter (50 c Civil Servant (3) 4. Number of Children? Ea; less than 5 -(310 b more than 5 (253 5. Approximate size of land owned? (a) l - 5 Hectares (30) (b) 5 Hectares and more (533) 6. Level of education? (a) Literate .(5) b Illiterate (558) 7. State of origin - Bauchi 8. Number of years of occupancy in present area of domicile. (a l - 5 years (0) (b 5 - 25 years (40) (c 25 - 50 years (300) (d 50 and above (223) 9. How do you feel about the existence of this "Game Reserve here. (a I like it. (82%) of 563 Eb I do not like it. (9%) of 563 c I could not care less. (9%) of 563 10. What would you have preferred in its place? a. An agricultural establishment (67%) b An industry (6%) c Open up the area to the villagers to farm (0%) (d None of the above (27%) 11. Have you derived any benefits from the Game Reserve? a, Monetary gain (54%) b Material sin 0%) c None (46% 12. 13. 14. 15. l6. 17. 18. 19. 72 Have you lost anything because of the Game Reserve being where it is? Livestock (18%) Portions of land (36%) Farm products (11%) None of the above (27%) All of the above (9%) A (DOIOO'SD What opportunities do you think will be open to you when tourist industries are fully established? ' a) None (0%) b Make more money by selling your agricultural products (80%) c Opportunity for employment by the GPU (20%) Do you have any side occupation or hobby like carving, weaving, that you can practice for more money when the product is sold? (a; No (22%) (b Yes (78%) Have you tra ped animals or hunted in the Game Reserve? (8.) Yes (78% (b No (22%) What did you trap for if you had to trap (a) Meat for food (96%) b Meat to sell for money (1%) c For the skin (0%) d To prevent crop damage (2%) . e For items needed by a native doctor for the preparation of medicine or juju? (0%) If you saw any violators or poachers in the game Reserve, mien of these would you do? - ~ Report him to the GPU (34%) Let him so (43%) Show him the best way to escape (9%) Pretend as if you did not see him (14%) 900'” What type of compensation would you expect if you had reported him? Monetary compensation (47%) Some privileges (to exercise some rights) in the game reserve (2%) Part of the booty confiscated from the poacher (0%) To'benefit the reserve (36%) Share meat with poacher (11%) (DD-069 Assuming that the boundaries of the Game Reserve are extended, which of these would you do if you were to be relocated? Ea) Move peacefully (2%) b Demand compensation before moving (20%) (c Refuse to move (78%) (d Demand control over certain things in the old place, and insist on exercising the rights you had prior to this (0%) 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 28. -73 is Do you think that the p0pulation of the animals in this Game Reserve has declined or increased in the past ten years? (100%) (a) Which species have declined? b Which have increased? If they have declined, what are the causes you think are responsible? gs; Poaching b Degradation of habitat by the people c Indifference on the part of the GPU towards the welfare of the animals Not Ed) Migration Used 0 Disease If any of the animals strayed into your farm from the Game Reserve which of the following would you do? (a Report to the GPU and claim compensation (5%) (b Just scare them away (2%) (0 Kill, trap, or cripple the animals (89%) (d Call a hunter friend to kill them. 4%) Are you ready to give up what ever you are doing now and work for the GPU? (a Yes (80%) b No (20%) (c Have not thought about it. (0%) If you are employed to work by the GPU, would you be available to spend some time away from your family in other parts of the Game Reserve on routine patrol duties and during emergency? a) Yes (82%) b No (18%) 0) Can spend not more than two days away from home (0%) How do you think that the GPU is treating the people in the surrounding villages? . a Very well (66%) b Moderately well (15%) c Poorly (20%) What changes in their attitude do you suggest? (Not Used) In what ways could the GPU treat the people better? Ea Fanning aid (62%) b Permission to exercise previous ts (14%) (c Employ pe0ple in the game reserve 24%) Do you think that additional Game Reserve and national parks should be established?......Why or why not? (a) Yes (75%) (b) No (25%) 74 29. Are you happy to have tourists visit your area? (a Yes (100%) (b No (0%) c I really do not care about tourists. (0%) 75 Status of Other Man-Made Structures and Buildings in the Reserve and Their Effects on Nature Preservation. The continuing danger facing the Yankari ecosystem is destruction of vegetation to prepare sites for buildings and access roads. Recently, about 20 hectares of vegetation were destroyed to create space for the visitors' chalets annexes and a conference hall. The GPU cannot control this expansion since it is only responsible for animal welfare and game viewing trips. The Yankari Game Reserve is managed and operated by a consortium including the Ministries of Social Welfare, Commerce and Cooperatives, Health, Works and Education. Each ministry pursues its own objectives. The Ministry of Works, for example, decides where to locate a building and in most cases with no consideration for the ecology of the Reserve. Currently the Wikki camp covers between 2 and 3 square kilometers, and further expansions are envisaged. The elementary school which in 1972 operated in a single building, now has three plus a soccer field. With continuing increase in enrollment, more buildings will be needed soon. The Moslems have three places of worship inside the camp and a new Central Mosque has been added recently. The Christians also have a church in the camp. The Ministry of Health Operates a large dispensary and a maternity ward also in Wikki camp. Okafor, (1972, 76 unpublished) discussed problems of human interference and expansion in Yankari, and the situation in Wikki camp continues to develop towards the predictions. Vegetation on the loose, porous and sandy soil bordering the immediate hilly catchment area of the Wikki warm spring was destroyed to make way for a conference centre. No drainage system was constructed to accomodate the rainfall run-off. Following these and earlier abuses of vegetation in the immediate vicinity, the depth of the warm spring is being adversely affected by silting. Buildings, roads and other man-made structures markedly are hampering nature preservation in Yankari Game Reserve. Unless limited, the objectives of the Reserve will be defeated. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations To provide for an improved and better understanding between the villagers and the GPU, and for the future success and progress of the Game Reserve, the following should be considered for implementation by the GPU: 1. Distribute employment opportunities equally among the villages surrounding the Reserve. Construction contracts should be equitably awarded to capable contractors. 77 In order to reduce tensions and to promote goodwill, the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources should provide a tractor-pool in Yankari, which would be used in road mainten- ance within the Reserve and also at a nominal charge in cultivating farm lands for the villagers. Roads should be improved on feeder routes between the villages and Wikki camp. This would: (a) help the farmers move their products to market, (b) help the GPU with border patrols, and (c) benefit maintenance on GPU vehicles. Any plans to extend the boundaries of the Reserve should be implemented only after care- ful review. Disturbances and civil disobedience could result to the detriment of the Reserve. Conservation education classes should be started. Especially, those should involve motor vehicle visits to the Reserve and the use of visual aids. It should be aimed at educating the local people on the need for conservation and the benefits that can be derived from an established and well-managed 78 game reserve. This program should be extended more widely as it develOps. 6. Whenever possible, poacher kills should be recovered, processed and sold to villagers at some distance from the Reserve. If sold locally, poaching could be encouraged. 7. If the natural ecosystem is to be maintained at Yankari, further visitor development within the Reserve should be stopped immediately. A site, preferably near the Reserve border (perhaps at Mainamaji base camp) should be acquired to substitute for the housing, eating and recreational facilities. 8. The warm spring should be Open only for daytime swimmers. The GPU should start a bus shuttle system between the new camp and Wikki. This would reduce traffic inside the Reserve and help limit road kills which are beginning to become apparent. Apart from the ecological advantages to be derived by moving Wikki camp from its present location other advantages include extending such facilities as dispensary and maternity services, good drinking water, electricity supply and good schools to be available to some nearby villages. Making these amenities accessible to the 79 villages will indicate to them the better quality Of life possible through cooperation to get Yankari fully established. Also locating the GPU Offices nearer some of the villages would promote a better understanding between the villagers and the Reserve staff. CHAPTER IV WILDLIFE VIMJINGTVERSUS VISITS TO WIKKI WARM SPRING, AND LOCAL/NATION"Aim-BE hit—firs AND DISADVANTAGES OF TOURISM A study was carried out during the Christmas/New Year/ Easter, peak tourist seasons in Yankari to determine the major reasons for peOple coming to the Reserve. A total Of 1000 visitors between 15 and 61 years of age (Table 7) was randomly chosen by interviewing every fifth visitor met in Wikki camp. Visitors were asked whether they mainly came to see the animals, swim in the warm spring; both to see the animals and swim, or to relax and get away from the city. Results showed that about 85 percent came mainly to see the animals. Game viewing was found to be a major attraction especially for visitors between the ages of 15 and 60. Those over 60 were more interested to relax, to get away from the city and to swim in the warm spring. Exactly two-thirds of the sample were visitors from Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Sweden and the United States. This confirmed the 1968 Observation of the Nigeria Tourist Association that the main flow of 80 81 true domestic tourism is generated by the foreign residents within Nigeria. Of the 200 Nigerians in the visitor sample, 195 came principally to see the wildlife and secondarily to swim in the warm spring. Their ages ranged between 25 to 50 years. Local/National Benefits and Disadvantages of Tourism Though Nigeria cannot be considered today as a world tourist center, it is none the less rich in tourist attractions. Among these is the Yankari Game Reserve which between October and December of 1976 catered to some 8000 visitors (Yankari Visitor's book, 1976). In addition to the Wikki warm spring and the wild-- life, the Reserve has several unique features that can be expected to widen its appeal to tourists. Among these are the Sir Gwain Gell falls (though now dried up and used not long ago as a den by lions), the Abandoned Site of the historic village Sherman and the 132 disused Dukki wells. The wells are similar to those made today by the Fulanis along the southern edge of the Sahara. There are also excellent scenic routes with hills that can be used for game viewing. In 1966, 16,878 visitors came to Nigeria (Nigeria Tourist Association, 1968), but less than one percent of 82 83 38. 2. on 8 a Insul- ate.» 8 .26.: On an on 8 ON on...» in ma 8 ma 8 8m .8.» 913 o no on . 8” an as... Runs .3... dfldmfld g: g: Mflflfl an; 83 them made any attempts to see the country's wildlife, (Holsworth, 1970). The situation now, however, is different as more people from home and abroad are becoming aware of both Yankari and also the Kainji National Park (the former Borgu Game Reserve). Though the publicity given to Yankari is not adequate (as was confirmed by visitors who claimed only to have known about Yankari from earlier visitors), it still attracts a modest number of tourists. At the present time, Yankari does not have enough and adequate infrastructure for handling all the tourists who came there. Holsworth (1970), indicated that, among all the Game Reserves in Nigeria only Yankari, somehow, was equipped to handle tourists. The development of new towns and tourist class hotel close to some Reserves has changed the tourism picture in Nigeria. But there is still a great need for: 1. an enlarged advertising program, particularly at the points Of entry into the country and in the hotels catering to overseas visitors, 2. adequate internal transportation system to move tourists about, since most do not have a means of mobility once in the country, and 3. adequate hotels, camping and recreation facilities at tourist location. 84 Countries that have advanced in managing their wild- life resources for tourism and have developed the basic and necessary infrastructure attract both local and foreign visitors and earn large revenues from tourism. In Kenya, 225,000 tourists who primarily came to view African wildlife produced an industry worth 24.4 million Naira ($45.5 million) in 1966, (Denny, 1967). In both Kenya and Tanzaria, tourism based on game viewing was the largest foreign exchange earner except for all agricultural products combined. Mitchell (1968), reported that Kenya earned revenue equal to 29 million Naira ($52.2 million) annually, while Hall (1972) reported a 60 million Naira ($108 million) income annually for Kenya from wildlife- related tourism. In the four years 1968-72, there was more than a 200 percent increase in earnings from tourism in the East African Country. He indicated also a high potential for further growth there. About 200,000 peOple are employed in Kenya by the different tourist-motivated industries such as airlines, hotels and souvenire shops (Ajayi, 1972). Tanzanian Development Plan (1970) reported that more than 40,000 peOple visited their national parks, that they had 10 to 15 percent annual growth in tourism, and that about 6 million Naira ($10.8 million) were spent in the national parks-related services during 1968. 85 When Yankari Game Reserve is fully established it is expected to have earning powers similar to most of the East African National Parks. If well managed, the expectation is that Yankari can attract between 25,000 and 35,000 visitors annually. These might well include investors who might desire to establish industries in Nigeria if they discover potential markets for their products. Nigeria's greatest problems since the civil war ended in 1970 have been unemployment and food shortages, especially of meat. A well-planned and managed Yankari could help to alleviate these problems (Okafor, 1973). If prOperly administered, it could attract tourist- related industries that Offer employment to many. These could include weaving, carving and knitting industries which would offer employment and income to the local people. Although the benefits to be derived from tourism are considerable, there are disadvantages. The most serious would be the possible introduction Of exotic diseases, and the initiation and proliferation of alien, normally- unacceptable cultural characteristics. These problems are not apparent yet in Yankari, except for minor acts of vandalism and littering. The benefits accruing from tourism outweigh its disadvantages both locally and nationally. If Yankari 86 can be properly managed, the area close to it and the country as a whole stand to gain from the tourism it can attract. CHAPTER V EVALUATION OF THE PROGRESS AND LIMITATIONS IN YANKARI GAME RESERVE Protection of wildlife immediately followed the creation of the Game Reserve in 1955. Since then the few animals that were left seem to have responded favorably. One is now able to be sure of seeing certain animals in specific habitats at specific hours. The objectives of the GPU still to be accomplished in Yankari are: l. to protect, conserve and build up the animal population for the benefit of present and future generations, 2. to develOp the area economic and recreational tourism, 3. to disseminate information concerning the reserve and conservation objectives to the public, 4. to preserve a portion of the natural heritage in the Reserve, 5. to manage some pOpulation possibly for meat production if surplus numbers develop. 87 88 Physical Developments Jeep track construction was the first physical development in the Reserve. Based on information supplied by selected hunters, these tracks were constructed to pass through game concentration areas for the few animals that were still left. Visitors' Camp The camp was initially to be located at Gar Mainamaji. Due to hostility of the villagers, however, the idea was abandoned and Fali village was chosen. When Mr. Coulthad, the first manager of the Reserve died, the Visitors' camp at Fali was abandoned due to logistic reasons. In July of 1969, Althji Jibrin Jia was invited to head the Reserve. He had earlier helped to establish some game patrol posts in the villages of Dogon Ruwa, Duguri and .Rimi, and also in the construction of the Ahmadu Bello Way which passes through Mainamaji to the Wikki camp. The construction of the game patrol posts and the Ahmadu Bello Way were sound decisions that have contributed immensely to the success of the Reserve. When Wikki was designated the Visitors' camp, structures necessary for housing and catering to the visitors were established. This building in the heart Of the Reserve has now become a source of great concern to the peOple 89 with modern ideas concerning the composition Of game reserves and national parks. Alhaji Jibrin Jia, now the head of the GPU indicated that expansions in Yankari had gone beyond the expected amount and should be limited or completely stopped. Despite this opinion, further expansions have been approved and the GPU does not seem to be in a position to stop them. Planlessness has been the order in establishing build- ings inside the Reserve. Visitors' bungalows that were erected some years back, now present, both environmental and hygienic problems. Their nearness to one another also does not encourage privacy for the occupants. They constitute both an eyesore and high fire risks. Their demolition should be considered. The extreme human interference in the Reserve also hase resulted in noise pollution. Furthermore, animals such as baboons now move and invade the camp looking for food. These animals are erroneously considered to be "tame" and harmless by many visitors. This increases the chances for accidents and disease transmission. The refuse disposal method and the bucket toilet system found in most of the old bungalows also leave a lot to be desired and must be improved on. 9O Poaching The GPU does not consider poaching in Yankari a serious management problem. Their antiepoaching staff unfortunately even treat the matter with levity. The GPU believes that poaching is mainly carried on for subsistence * by the local peOple. This assumption may not, however, be correct. More poaching probably goes on in Yankari than is reported or documented. The assumption of a low poaching rate may be responsible for the imprOper attention to anti-poaching efforts in Yankari. Regardless of the officially-expressed Opinions on this issue, poaching in Yankari is not only assuming wider and graver dimensions but also is taking a sharp rise. While undertaking research in the Reserve, a number of snares were recovered from the Rush and some contained carcasses. It seems likely that reported cases Of poaching in Yankari may represent 50 percent or less of the number Of actual instances. Very few arrests are made. Poachers probably get away with their booty and leave before they can be detected. The anti-poaching unit in Yankari can best be described as primitive and mostly ineffective. Apart from its not being well organized it lacks both equipment and trained personnel. The GPU had taken steps to curtail poaching by establishing 23 game patrol posts around the 91 Reserve. But it failed to prOvide the unit with the necessary equipment, manpower and adequate training effective 'hto combat poaching. The unit has only one Land Rover to patrol a Reserve of 2274 square kilometers. Even, that one vehicle must be shared with the administrative staff during the last two weeks Of each month in order to pay workers in out-stations. Despite these inadequacies, poaching in Yankari is not yet out of control. Inevitably, however, it will ' constitute a serious problem. The prevention of a major problem in the near future demands attention at once. Conservation Education The majority of the local inhabitants around Yankari have little or no education and they may find it difficult to comprehend what conservation is all about. The GPU does not currently operate any program in conservation education. Mr. Abdul Lassan, the deputy chief of forests, says that the effects of conservation education are indirectly applied to poachers when they are cautioned and released or jailed. But his method gets only to an insignificant portion of the pOpulation and without much success. The GPU proposes to start a conservation education unit and youth club program soon through which the teachings of conservation will be spread to the local people. If 92 this is indeed accomplished, the classes should lay strong emphasis on the socio-economic benefits that can accrue to the peOple rather than only preach the esthetic values of conservation. Training Program Staff training is not a major program in the GPU because: 1. most GPU staff members do not possess even the basic education to enable them to proceed toward higher or special training, 2. staff members with basic training in wildlife management could not be spared for further training, 3. most junior and intermediate staffs who are trained, then resign to seek better-paying jobs , and 4. the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources does not allocate funds for training purposes to the GPU Research Most Of the research that has been carried out in Yankari has been by private individuals with no ties to the GPU nor the Game Reserve. Even where their findings were available to the GPU, the results were either not implemented due to lack Of funds and personnel or were 93 unacceptable to the management. Mr. Abdul Lassan indicated that within the unit, research does not have any priority because of insufficient funds, materials and qualified personnel. He advised that research findings have played no part in the management Of the Reserve and neither have they contributed to its progress and success this far. Control The GPU headquarters is located at Bauchi, some 112 kilometers away from the Reserve. All important decisions concerning the Reserve are made there. The Yankari assistant warden, Stephen Haruna, is responsible for daily operations in the Reserve, but he is responsible to the chief game preservation Officer for any decision. He cannot take immediate, important and necessary decisions without consulting with the Bauchi Office, and their main link with him is a worn-out and mostly inOperable radio transmitter. For efficient running of the Reserve and administrative convenience, a better communication system should be provided. The assistant warden should also be delegated the power to take decisions on matters of immediate needs. . In view Of the fact that the CPU has not used most of the modern wildlife management techniques considered 94 important and also has not implemented any research findings apart from Offering protection to the animals, the Yankari Game Reserve has done exceptionally well in taking care of itself. The protection and other efforts put in by the GPU staff for the progress of the Reserve must be given credit. Without the efforts of the GPU, the Reserve probably could not have come this far. Conclusions, Summary and Recommendations Being one of the newer and better known Reserves in West Africa, Yankari can be managed to attain standards equivalent to those in both East and South African Reserves. The Yankari has not been involved in any irreversible managemental errors. The IUCN standards should be reviewed and the Yankari should plan to be designated and managed as a national park. A few matters that require immediate attention, for the continued success and progress Of Yankari, include the following: 1. the formation Of a central managing body to be designated "The Board Of Management of Yankari," to make decisions on Operational and managemental matters affecting Yankari. This board should be granted its own Official seal and.the.permisSion to seek both material and technical assistance 95 from internatiOnal bodies, organisations and governments. All other ministerial units Operating in Yankari should be dissolved and their duties assumed by the board. The composition of the board should be the responsibility of the Federal Commissioner for Agriculture who should work closely with the chief wildlife Officers in deciding who should serve on the board. The federal government should embark on further staff developments in wildlife management and make money available to the GPU for the training and appointment of intermediate and junior staff. The promulgation of a wildlife preservation law, which would establish modern and effective operating conditions for all the Game Reserves and National Parks in the country is desirable. The establishment immediately, as a matter Of priority a division of conservation education within the Federal Department of Forestry and the GPU. This division is to be responsible for publicising Yankari and other Reserves not only to Nigerians but also to the peOple of the other nations. 96 7. The organization of research in all aspects Of reserve management. Results and research findings should be implemented for the benefit of the Reserve. 8. The eventual establishment Of a veterinary unit as a part Of the research effort in the Reserve, to provide care in the event Of visitor accidents especially in case Of an epidemic within the animal population. 9. The adequate funding of the GPU to enable the purchase of necessary equipment including adequate vehicles, communication accessories and animalé immobilising guns and chemicals, necessary for the successful management of the Reserve. 10. The discontinuance of Wikki camp and its move- ment to a new location, perhaps close to Car- Mainamaji. Given improved management, Yankari Game Reserve can become a leading Reserve and tourist attraction. It can become a "living Museum” and tourist attraction of both world and national value. LITERATURE CITED LITERATURE CITED Ajayi, S. S., 1972. Wildlife and tourism in Tanzania: possibilities in Nigeria. Nig. J. For. Vol. 2 NO. 1. Bauden, M. G., D. M. Carroll and P. Tuley, 1971. North Eastern Nigerian Project, Preliminary Description of Land Systems. Directorate Of Overseas Surveys, England. Clayton, W. D., 1957. A Preliminary Report on the Vegetation and Soils of Northern Nigeria. Departmental Report: Ministry Of Agriculture, Northern Nigeria, 1964. Geerling, C., 1973. The Vegetation Of Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria; Its Utilisation and Condition (University Of Ibadan Forestry Bulletin 3). Hall, R., 1972., Growth Of Kenya's Tourism. African DevelOpment, October 1972, Headly Brothers Ltd., _109 Kingsway, London. W.W. 2 B 6 PX and Ashford, Kent. Hahn, H. C., 1949. A Method of Censusing Deer and Its Application in the Edward Plateau of Texas. Holsworth, W. N., 1970. Wildlife Management: A Report to the Government Of Nigeria, F. O. SF/NIR 12, Technical Report 1, F A 0 Rome. Keay, R. W. J., 1961, Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi Province, Northern Nigeria. Department of Forest Research. Technical Notes No. 17. . Klinkenberg, K. and G. M. Higgins. 1970. An Outline of Northern Nigeria Soils. Nigerian Journal Of Science 2 (2): 91-115. Samaru Research Bulletin 107. Mitchell, F., 1968. The Economic Value of Wildlife Viewing as a Form of Land Use, (Special issues), E. Afr. Agric. For. J. P. O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya. 97 98 Okafor, E. C. J., 1972. Familiarisation Tour of Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria (unpublished). ‘ Okafor, E. C. J., 1973. Yankari Game Reserve, Source of Employment and Meat Supply. (unpublished) Parker, K. W., 1951. "A Method for Measuring Trends in Range Condition in National Forest Ranges." U.S. Forest Administrative Studies. Petrides, G. A., 1974. The Orvergrazing Cycle as a Characteristic of Tropical Savannas and Grasslands in Africa. Riney, T. and P. Hill., 1967. Conservation and Management of African Wildlife: English—speaking Countries Report, F. A. 0. Rome. Sikes, S. K., 1964. A Game Survey Of the Yankari Game Reserve Of Northern Nigeria. Nigerian Field 29: 54-82; pp. 127-141. Thomas, M. E. A., and S. K. Sikes. 1971. Warm Springs and Multiple Wells at Yankari. Nigerian Field 36: Tomlinson, P. R., 1965. Soils of Northern Nigeria, Samaru Miscellaneous Paper 11. » Udo, R. K., 1970. Geographical Regions of Nigeria. Heinemann, London. Wildlife Management College, Garoua, Cameron. (17-27 January, 1976). An English Extract Of the Yankari Field Trip Report. APPENDIX IA TRAI'SEC'.‘ CLUSTER SLWARY AND CURRENT 2.0.303 CONDITION AITD 23232 RATIII $393193? ARC-Lift lucebtewh District YWKM—Q) Cluster No. I Date ‘(flv'l'Y 3y C‘KWL- Ere—‘3' . No. of Transacts I. 1.3 C OPPOSITION Av.%cf Total Av.%of .otal Av.%of Total 59“" Av.No. Pr “. ' Av.No. Plant gain: 3022”. 821‘: Desirable ' Hit Density Intermediate ' Hits Densi. abge Hits Dansitt: final-n - ‘5- : -q 2173—; a: : : : ' ~23 =c. - n :4! :It-_- = = = : £64-; :J.5: 9,10 :1)- u. 2.- -5‘ : .‘L : : : : 3'3 -5 t 5 : 7:35.:C-19 - I- : : I- J? : : : : d lfl‘33=: 9.3- : 53.22 :SL-I : J : 13:7: : : : _‘_Iy_\_('- -21! 3 : erg, :L'L'oil -1. : §.5 : 3'55 : 1 '. 3 “"_4- zen—1- :I :J.41= : : : : : : : t z 2 . ; . ; ; . : ; 11;; ' = '71 02. :Tctal . : :‘IO'Cai' : : ' ans: only key .ndlcatcr species - group others. 5133me OF ALL ’1‘?de ECTS IN CLUSTER VIC-OR "Lb”?ZhJTs Transact No. Average 1. 3:. i Transact Eel-e :ci‘. 9 "a 7 Species : 23c. Average E: 5:50: Pavement - — - l 'I a, -v, if - .— — AF?- 03 'Oejtésm55__ *3'4'L“, :0; beta. 17 A: I I . :~: c _ _ ._ ace I-51 I-5 '54”!- --' '—'-‘7-"-> 3331 i'. ' 1);; 3‘7 's‘u‘... '41-ch :2: .'. too. «in: .86.. E‘s-'23: -ensity Index #- 5‘ 3'3— 1. ' -.;. Co"er Index ‘1‘:— 3.14... 1:» Overstory 2, Q .1 '..-derstor7 e. n 5‘! -7 re 5-- U o. C?“ o rt ST-- "2"”J” J-uoo--CLO- “ac-aw. n.- .0. r J- A. 2:9 using-U Coagisition 9' .I J; J... Petal Index )0 C:.;l:.‘:ion Class E 4.5 a..:~7 Cx:r';'t Trend Up_ Down _ota: Form for summarizing transect cluster nets and for classi ratings obtained in Step “-6“ .- -- Condition and I—nl. AC: FF‘“"'"“9 JVO‘U- —-V“ AND 2227': ...-‘-."‘.I.‘?G C-P £37233 SCI: SCI-P’I’T’ Ercsmn Ea: ard 15' Current n-osicn IA... 10381 1" Condition Class EacEI-t-‘N 7 Current Trend Up_Dcwn_$:at;c__ -WO. APPENDIX IB TRANSE‘CT CLUSTER SUP’MARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AII’D TRIED Allotment AF‘Z-EL") E NBA»: 5 RATING District \{HNICMKI Cluster No.___7:__ Date I)'\. L77 By OI__ Date WNW By blah-H.1- at .‘3 ' No. 0: Transacts 1. 1. 1 COMPOSITION Av.%of Av.%of Av.%o£ Total Total bnde- Total Av.No. Piant. ' Av.No. Plant ira- Av NoLPlant Desirable ‘ Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Densi able Hits Density 35-1-1 =43 = 1.9-5 :sc-I-I : l : 1.75‘ : fl : : : but- 1-1-}; ilwau. : 1.3} :2: u— : u : (By: : : 3 (3.9..5-2 3343’ : 4.. 2;; nan)- '; : 1 : 14$ : : z : “19.-41—52'3513'H-J 14-51 MAL-J : 1 : '.7s- - - -. Cwm- I J :4 : 4315‘ : : : : : 46;! = 1 = i-7s‘ : - : : : .5sz - .L 5-51: . : : 8 4.3:; ’4 : 3.. : "1,0 ; : : 3 :2; ET"; ~0taI ; I - gTotal; g 2.527 cnly key indicator species - grour ot.ers. SUTMRY OF ALL TRANSECTS IN CIUSTER VIGOR MEBURE'IESTS Transect No. Average. J. $- 3 Transcor 3am coil 9.6 I3. 9 Soecies : No. Azerage Eros-con Pavement - _. .. "L c n— 5» -,_ -- —- —- AFZ— 54505.0 ‘52: ...tL- -r - - ;.;).‘S., 3i“ A: E [Kl/R I-A5' ['0 s ’0 [3 ALL Density 5‘0 b «_,‘ r L'..".' ~ . Total m c: uni ga— F.~':.:;e Density Index S't: (:3 3‘5 3.-'c-..r.d Cover Index "Inf. gs.‘ r Cv‘wzrstory e, ,1 m Landcrstory $4. (a, u. t LASSI F'FICA ON OF CONDITION AND TRETD RATING OF CLUSTER 'IZGE TATION SOIL STABIIITY For rse Dena-ity Index S Erosion fiazard u Co..:.-sition [5' Current Erosion 14- View 2 Total :15 Total 09 Canal tion Class 5‘ ' "' Condition Class GOOD Current Trend Up_Down_Static_ Current Trend Up_ Down__ Stat- c__ Form for summarizing transect cluster date and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. flENDIX 21 TRANSECT CLUSTER SUMMARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION .‘HITD TREE RATING Co-vvngLE-FA (ms . ‘ Ala-0 tment 5"“th u. ab am .3 District \(k—N «AM Cr-KCluster No. I Date I'D-9177 By Q'KA’FV‘L- E'C'.T- No. of Transacts l 1. § : I I COMPOSITION Av.%of Av.%of Av.%o£ Total Total bnde- Total _ Av.No. Prant. Av.No. Plant ira-Av Zu'.Plant Desirable ‘ Hi ts Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Densitysm‘3 Hits Density Cfln—Ztikfi = ’4: s» 252’- é’fl-i Hrb-Z’. : no“ : 2....4-‘7: : : 1 - -1‘ ' = ,, 219:; : 4L :6-5‘7: : = a - = - :9- 7_—.,. : 3 :4.-q‘]: : : : by- 2— 2;)... = ‘-'hg.7 :Hg-l—j : '2. :3-11‘]: ' ' : _Fg>.. l : l : 1. 54. :c.‘.-,m ..;>_-: : l-S : 2.41.7: : : : .TIL- 3 2 .3 : Au ‘1 +- :'oaq.. 2~f : 2.3 :47. 51: : 2 : ‘9‘9’2‘ 31:5-1‘2‘ T. . __ : ' 1’ : : : ! SIR.- l t l 3 thL' INL -. 9 : l : lob‘l: : ”97b -3 = S = I3.18 zaa... m : y) : 31.52: : -..... i 3 1 S: --_s" -l :43 : (I'M; : : 5"‘_‘-'-“"- :I‘otal : : ' ' :Total' 3 ’ 33$? niy key indicator species - group others. SUT'IMARY OF ALL TRLNSECTS IN CLUSTER VIGOR I‘IEASURE‘ZEZNTS Transect No. Average . I 2 5 . . Transact Lars: soil 7.0 35..) 9.1.0 goecies : No.15Avarage E."c.--.':‘.:n Pavement —- .- ._ in -:-:r '7...‘ 1 12.1 Now; a“! -O ._ guy 4‘50 "50 ISO 21%» Pan”: tensity c. 2. <65 5‘: In'isx’. ’Otal ICC) {00 lCO Po use Density Index _(_.~. 2. (:5 a"; ’;."(L‘....'1 Cover Index _qJ J; 'ch Cxc- story I g II 1?. Inderstory 4 g, :4. 4:2. ’ ' CLASSIFICATIOI- OR CONDITION AND TREND RATING OF ~CIUS'JE... IREGETATION - SOIL STABILITY Fo: 35:19 '39. -sity Index IO - Erosion Hazard I5 Con; .‘UI‘CLCD v. «z Current Erosion is" Vl‘f,'.;t' ' ‘ . ' «3.5- - Total _ 50 Total ' 3 1. 2'- - ‘ Corr... .Lon Class , Clock Condition Class __E.>.. ,,.-. : '3 :.1..-7-- : : : : Ti -10 1 not; r: -. I :~;‘r- 4+ : x:- : r’, :4 ' : 2 : SLJVL‘ ” ‘ 3 41,00: 1'. ;’~~ ‘f’ 1" a 3L ' .1. 3 o -,I : ' 9 - .... : : . , ref : I: c :Tocal : :Total: 3 " .57: only key indicator speCies - grour others. SITT'IARY OF ALL TEUISECTS IN CIJUSTER 2, , . VIGOR MEASURE'I‘I’NTS Transect No. a z 1‘. Average . - .1- . g, ' TranseCt get-.2 s21- II I § = H 'Stecies : No. Average .;--.:ri.::‘. Pavement — - .— _. a a: gun} .— -—- "“ — Cro :5'75 360-11.)“:387 ..; ’4‘"? 2‘7 2! 1‘? “SM: Ij'wgl — j... .. 1 Cm" 610 fill/51$». 6'“: IL? J‘BP-Si W c J- 60 e4: 8 +45 ’ Irma: .ocal 101‘ [L70 sou (co , F’-‘.' -. .,-3- -2 Density Index 6 2‘ G C‘ 63 6353 or: - -.J. Jover Index 3‘] 61] 8‘7 51 ’2' -- erstom L r; 3 ,. L; :Iderstory 5,; I, .5 b.) " CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TRETD RATING OF CLUSTER ":GETATION SOIL ST‘SIII'Z‘.’ Fa‘ tee ‘I‘e.-sity Index ‘7 Erosion Hazard [’5 90:;c5222-3n :35 Current Erosion , 5- &5, 2‘ . (c Total 2 3 Total a n Com: '5'} '211 Class tXLELl-EN 7' Condition C1353 E K_€-_.E.‘:__“:"’T C:;r."""'t ”rend Up__ Down— —-SE—-Cv. 5..- static_ Current Trend Up_ Down Form for summarizing transect cluster- «ate and for ciassiryins Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. :1lele ZC :RAYSECT CLUSTER SUMMARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AND TRIED RATING ' 1 m‘g‘TAC:o .S . Aliotnent cv-f-‘fizvfmwh gas—oogm) District YIN-N KARI-Cr»? cluster No. ‘5 Date I I '32-'177 By (SKA—Perk E- (L. T No. of Transacts I, D" COMPOSITION Av.%of Av.%of Av.%of Total Total bnde- Total Av.No. Piant. Av.No. Plant ira_AvaofiPlant D-s;rable ' Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Density:ble Hits Densitp pm _;___LZ'I§} : t8 :3 . Currant Trend Up__Down__pcac;q__ Current Trend Up_ Down‘ _Scat-c__ Formofor summarizing transect cluster- v-Eate and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APPENDIX EA if. ‘InS "CT CLUSTER SUMMARY AI: .EN'I‘ RANGE COIwTDITION AID --- ;.1..- RATING ccrngiiTA-GEWS 3.2.: 5:21:33; mm~a anLaMWP District \I “KAN G R Clustei No. I Daze 1(1) [77 By O‘KPFF'OR' E'C' 3. No. of Transacts-J I .7— COMPOSITION Av.%of Av.%of Av.%o£ Total Total bnde- Total Av.No. rear-n. 2 Av.No. Plant iraJ‘W. 2'... Ilant 1" .. 'Tr‘t'sb-v- ‘ Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Densi able iii sDensity .CEYLICJ'Z 23'5": [9.37 3kfi-2. : 2.— : 4.6.: : 1 fig F139:2_-0s 1'1"": 17.4 =5;-%—: 1 2. =4-é’= ‘ ' J 11 25's 30-5- : ‘5' : ”.5: .- 9 4‘2..." 5 S- : U‘JS‘ :QL: Z- 3 : g—S’ : <11: . 3 fig-I- ! : 1.5 H... -1 : I :4;-%: : ' : _____. - : :Lutu- .35 : 35 : 6-9 : : . : _ : : :AL - .2) .3 : 6 q : 2 2 g 3“”7: =3 3 - I :TOtal ; : A48 :Totcg; 2 3 2 p.352; 2le3 :key indicator species - group others. / SUICI’ARY OF ALL TRANSECTS IN CLUSTER VIGOR ISSUE-3‘2 'iNTS Transact No. ! , ‘- Averaza 3. _c Transact , Sean-c: mil [-7 1e. 11.; Species : No. Awe-rag :3 cs: .2 Eavenent -- 2" -- fi 3- ': 221-2 - - .._. ELM" 62.0 6-01 2608 XOFFE 4: E1 :3 '0 Qt: LOB ' 0.9-2 3 "0L;— 3:73;- Eensity 13.1. 4.57 435' - l" lit-2-. '10:; joC) (Cu ICC.) I .15”: Density Index 4 2. 1+5 4.73.93" C: .. 2‘. C016: Index Q45 '74 75.3- C- «er-story " '7 1 a» 2" L naerstor'y ’3' 3‘ 3! __ CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TREE-JD RATING OF CLUSTER ""“TATION SOIL STABILITY Paige Density Index Q Erosion Hazard 3 CH” «‘9 "5135-611 1 Current Erosion W. Va; 7 c Q Total .1 —, Total $5.,- QOIl"':" ~ I 1 Class AIR Condition Class _E§r“6h;€g__7'. C. .“I.: "4' Trend Up_ Down ___‘..:atic __ Current Trend Up_ Down: Sta: - __ Form for summarizing transect cluster date and for c- aSSi-yinS Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APPENDIX QB TRANSECT CLUSTER SUMMARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AND TRI‘ND RATING <’ Manet-4&5 Allotment $§LM~A warm) District \I‘WKfi-Rt C74 Cluster No. 2. Date li1ll77 By OKPe-Gull- BC I No. of Transects 'zJ‘ COMPOSITION Av.%ot Av.%of Av.%or . Total Total Unde- Total Av.No. Rant. 2 Av.No. Plant ra- AVIHoLPlent Desirable ' Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Densityifle Hits Density: CM...:3- Iq : 1522‘: ’57-}: : ~z.-t L: a, I 2 : : a 2 -nt:_ 10 = 10 (>3 2024‘» :an- 2 — '3 125 2 2. = 8 C1e¢1§~7 3 I125: 23'2‘4 NBC-2' l - :Z-L- : j : ' :c-g, - : u :}- L : : 2. :wc - :5 : 3 2 £2; 2 : : 2 o O . __ e 21%;..11 : 3445:1‘0t81 : : lg 7: Total: : ‘ ..2'_ st only key indicator species - group others. SUTMARY OF ALL TRANSECTS IN CIDSTER VIGOR MEASUREWE’TS Transect No. I. 2.. Average 1 :— Transect 32-9 soil 7.4;. 17—0 2.3 Species : No. Average Erc sion Pavement - _ ~— ~ 'L . 9L3 .— .— .._. CM“ “'5’; 5'9l- 5'l8 Litter 3,! _2 C. gq.‘:,’ Moss ._ -- -- AL L06 hurl. Lbs Plant Density 4.22, 52... 134;; ‘— Index Total for.» 162: Foo Forage Density Index 45 9221+ 4L3. Grc-und Cover Index _16' 62c; I'L‘L Overstory w, , a. a-'-' Unders tory 2.2. 5'" n1 - CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TREND RATING OF CLUSTER :IEGE‘" IATION SOIL STABILITY Forage Density Index 2 Erosion Hazard :2. Conpositicn 6.? Current Erosion u.» Visor :0 Total .1 b Total 2.2” Condition Class 91200 I} Condition Class GNU)" Cwurent Trend Up__ Down_ atic_ Current Trend Up_ Down _Static_ Form for summarizing transect cluster date and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APPENDIX 2C TRANSECT CLUSTER SUWIARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AND TRED RATING C09fil5|l£7n L: O“ S . . Allotmentwvmmn SH-ZuRLA-N) District ‘(emwm G-R Cluster No. 3 Date | ‘17-'77 By OKA—f-‘o Q 25‘C-‘7- No. of Transacts "z1 3 4 COMPOSITION Av.%oi‘ Av.%or Av.%ot Total Total bnde- Total Av.No. Rant. 2 Av.No. Plant ira- e'AvIBolPlant Desirable ‘ Hits Density Intermediate ' Hits Densi’cy'able Hits Density Crews—Idea“; rifle". 31 :17- >‘ -1"’"l : is : (fl-g, : 2 : I H‘47-4-3-24'5‘ 252G A‘srl =gt- sue-21: D. as 2 A. e; ' ‘ £- C.f¢_.. I-.’a--‘;3: low-(v IQ“! J. :LA_ I -( -1 u c, : ‘L. 7 . : : : . :(flb .. 3 : 3 . ’5" 9.: °. . : :P'md — G. : g : 1'0'5 : : : : 3).-q - e : C, : 10'; . z : : my: - 4}. x 411 : 3.0 : : 3 . Q 2 . . = E Q ((3174:. : : “5 gig : Teta- : : 4§'g:Total: : 2 --:..5: only key indicator species - group Others. SUTT’LARY OF ALL TRANSECTS IN CIUSTER VIGOR I‘IEASUI'C.M INTS ransect No. I .1.3.4Averago ..L .2. .2. .9_ ‘_ Transect Bare 5011 122. I"! ’15" IO 13'5 Species : No.) Average E2; oer; .on Pavement ~ -— - «— -‘! . ECU -'- ‘— -— — SM i Mn 6'0 I.6 G ‘15“- 20 25 ’6.?' Litter n .—-:'-—;., "'""‘ . _ I'Icss _¢ If? 32.7 'f .3155 M [-06 has has IO}. .M... P4121113 Density (.4. 4 g 4.9 '74. 527.3, Incex Total to?) ICU too ICC) 21300 Forage Density Index (94 n2, 4” 5 '74 III-25' Gic.'.-d Cover Index _273 (.35 Ie‘i ‘10 6125' 0"91‘5‘5 017 4- ii 2.4 g -—- Understory EC) ‘32, 2.4 (A; .— CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TRBTD RATING OF CLUSTER VEGETATION SOIL STABILITY Forage DenSity Index «0 Erosion Hazard Is Conpositicn :3: Current Erosion nu- Vlaor 1c Total 1’7 Total 3.3 Condition Class fitékki‘NT Condition Class EM a.cavj. GIST-3211: Trend Up___ Down _Static c___ Current Trend Up_Down__Statfc_ Form for summarizing transect cluster date and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APPENDIX 6A _ TRANSECT CLUST... SU‘ZNARY AND DCUPEDIT RANGE CONDIJ. “ION AND TR.-.. ‘I ' 5 RATING Allotment HW‘H 'F'D‘E'fiT District VWKH‘Rl Cluster No.__[___ Date 1117/77 By Dike-Goal .E-C- 3" No. of Transects_l;__7:4_-§_ COMPOSITION Av.%of Av.%of Av.%of Total Total bnde- Total Av.No. Riant. Av.No. Plant ira:Av No‘.Plant Desirable ‘ Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Density:ble Hits Density 342-133 = ‘3 :5‘TS :P4'c-I : 1 :2..c$ 204.; : 2. : 4.11. : 32.43- :5 5“? 53‘1-5‘9 :OI'i- a. : é :«ge-zg :L‘.’ : u :L-og 3 KS_-I : I : 1.092 Mg). -2.--2.u-yc: ;_)_ : 3-390143! : i}; :5; 5% : _S_Jni- : l :g.o%; at“ : : LB“ I : l :A‘C‘ : JQL-L, : I :.l as :Pog—wz. : [Dr :Ejl : : : : .Eq-L-l-S : g- : .92.” :r’a —I~; : Ia: :uwwuz : : : ’— : : ' :Nigl : p : 4-‘L‘S; : : : 8 _ :C; .- e : Q : 11-8‘ 8 ... :C....-: : l : :L-ofi. : -... . . :Au-I : i : L-os : : : fij'ol : : Total : : :Totai2 t ' _Ist only key indicator species - group others. SUMMARY OF ALL TRANSBCTS IN CLUSTER VIGOR NBASURIHENTS Transect No. Average i A E Transect Dare sail - —— - Species : No. Av wage Bic=ion Pavement - «- - I 1 ’3 E." --'- “ —— "‘ NP ”2264 214...}..0; ~2'Dl - 211‘: =2: '70 ; L +7 - Nests: . ._ — - CPI' 7°42 5m. 41.:95-95; 31252.1". Density :3, Q (J 1 1,"; . In. x Total 'UC> tea; ;ac Pn.1e Density Index 75:. é=1 573 CT'£I_:. Cover Index l {‘9 Ice, 15“: erstory I7 (L) vb Understory ya 5| 5] CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TREND RATING OF CLUSTER EEGBTATION SOIL STABILITY Forage DenSity Index ‘4 Erosion Hazard j? Comp95ition 15‘ Current Erosion I 5 Vista: 5 - Total 7_o Total 2.3 Cc..1:'.tion Class F‘mfl Condition Class "m K - C.:i2re::t Trend Up_ Down _Static_ Current Trend Up_ Down_ St tatic__' Form for summarizing transect cluster date and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APEflmIXEB TRANSECT CLUSTER SUMMARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AND TREND RATING Allotment fit/Gil RAE-5'1" District Cluster No. Date By No. of Transacts COMPOSITION Av.%o£ Av.%of Av.%o£ Total Total bnde— Total Av.No. Piant. Av.No. Plant Av;No;Plant Desirable ‘ Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Densi tFSira' Hits Density able :uL—wc : IO :Xogi: : : : J\d%=.l : 1 3 2:0? 1 ' ‘ .1 3Cx—I 3 l 3138‘: 3 :L55_ 2— z a. :54;L§ : : : 3 8 __ 8 2 - : . . : : g Total :TotaI’ 2 ° .:T0tai: 3 “1'." ‘ .- ‘ = ' : v ' 0 Y 0 ° uLSv only key indicator SpeCleS - grour others. SUMMARY OF ALL TRANSECTS IN CDUSTER VIGOR MEASURENENTS Transect No. Averaze Transect Bare soil SoecieS‘ : No. Average grzsion Pavement 1.3;?" Litte- N355 Piant Density Index Total Fsrage Density Index Ground Cover Index Overstory Understory CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TREND RATING OF CLUSTER VBGETATION SOIL STABILITY Forage DenSity Index Erosion Hazard Composition Current Erosion Vigor Total Total " Condition Class Condition Class Current Trend Up__Down__Static___ Current Trend Up__Down::Static__ Form for summarizing transect cluster ante and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APPENDIX 4 TRANSECT CLUSTER SUMMARY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AL 23233 RATING Allotnent DEM—«2mm LeewALA-a-g District Yqu—a: Cluster No. I Date 113—2+ [77 By E‘Ka—Hm~ $337 No. 'of Transects I .. 2.5 COMPOSITION Av.%of Av.%o£ Av.%o£ Total ' Total bnde- Total Av.No. Piant. 2 Av.No. Plant ira:Av? 3 .Plant esirable ' Hits Density Intermediate ‘ Hits Densitysble Hits Density Willi—32! : 3 : 4.40 : SL'I : I : I 2‘54- : : : 3 F533 2 5 5.222;. Han-2.4 2 {25' :‘.‘L-c-s“: = = 5 : g: :;;313: 2 : : . . : ; ; Tr'al ; ; :TOtaI ; ; gTotal: ; 2 ”.:.52 only key indicator species - group others. SUMMARY OF ALL TRANS ECTS IN’CIUSTER VIGOR MEASUREXENTS Transect No. Average J 3- 3 Transec: Lars mil 7 9 5' Species : llNo. {terage E:.::on Pavement -—- ._ —— . Em — ._ —— CMG 5 05; 4235::5 Izri $2.8 Dita-.2: 2:. £2 :21. 9,2,2. , P3255. -- _ _— PT; 127$ 2. 5,224832251 Plant Density L 1 “m 73 . Inlnn Total tea) acu ago Para-e Density Index é»Z3_ '74.. '75 Grand Cover Index C; 3 CH (95' {xerstory 3's 4. .7. Lnuorstory "q 15; A! CLASSIFICAT -ON OR CONDITION AND TREND RATING OF CLUSTER . VEGETATION SOIL STABILITY For2cé Density Index m. Erosion Hazard (5‘ ConSCsi ion 1 Current Erosion L5 Total 3 C, . Conn: tion Class EficiuiWT Condition Class EXCfl2T'2'T Cu:r:2.t Trend Up_ Down_ stat lC___ Current Trend Up_ Down_ Static_ Form for sumnari zing transect cluster gate and for classii‘ ins Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. APPENDDK i 'BRAIISECT CLUSTER SUVAWIRY AND CURRENT RANGE CONDITION AND TREND RATING Aha/ment W éLi‘V-‘JS “"9””; District YA-NMAR/ Cluster 210...]...— Date '17-6/77 By OI.» Litter“ t —- -— ' - flags _ —- —- R"? 35"” 35‘60 35°'70:?€é’. Plant Density q I: (if ‘7; Iniex Total o cc, mu loo Fzz‘nge Density Index L‘ ‘75“ as: G:.--..~..:~d Cover Index _‘j‘L q; q; Cverstory _. ___. ,_ 'Jnderstory . “1L (TC ‘1; CLASSIFICATION OF CONDITION AND TREND RATING OF CLUSTER _VEGETATION SOIL STABILITY ForageDenSIty Index '0 Erosion Hazard IS Cognition . :9, Current Erosion rs Vigor a Total 3 r-. Total 3 ’3I ’ (omit-Lon Class EXCELLENT Condition Class EXCELLEIOJ Current Trend Up_Down__'o'ta ic_ Current Trend Up_Down_Stat;c__ . : Form for summarizing transect cluster- c’zate and for classifying Condition and Trend ratings obtained in Step Two. 52mg II FECOPD OF PERMAHEM‘ LINE TRANSECT Allotment _ugggfl Date _LLI 9177 3y mkfi-flok- EC: Cluster No. I 1 2 3 h s .6 7 is: 9 1o Transect No. I : ' 2 ‘2 : : ............................................. z m son, 5 :3m: 53: 3:17: 6!: Br 6r. 8m: : l— : 83": £30st PAW _ 11:- 12 1h 1s 16 17 H18H19 2o nocx """'="" : m 2 :z- :00 ........................................... mss - .— :8»: 8r: mm nmsm max E 821 22 23 21112-6..- 5%; J0 m- '00 : : : toms: DENSITY INDEX _I§:_. . , .. ........................... (mourn) com max i :L.:w.: D 1— $r3::L.:l—- 4- C- oms'roay 31 3_2 33 11E 35 36 37* :1 menswear 4;. ..... :eooe;oeoo;eooo.oooo:oooc.eeoo;oeoo;uooo. one: 51mm D L: Lzb b:L L:L-:L— :(Listbynene,symt)>olendnmber L1 L2 I3 his as h; 2:1 LS 119 so of hits :AF :EN: : : . érgé‘pi q—Br 1- @3 51 5'2 53 51: :js $6 97 58 59 = : : : :bfiorts Cardi Alta. — “.5: IL VIQQQFKCmm-e t - I ‘ K e— ‘ m INDICA'IDR SPECIES NOT RECORDED MW C“ : : : : : : Afiggg .43“ Q5 g-,,gmpg.AL :C: M: (LY :gv: EC: Br: :B{ b :BY: ’Qrmh QJc'Q flint—042:“ ,‘12 91 92 93 H917 9s 96 9? H96 99 100 : 2 VIGOR MEASUREMENTS E; I In. . Eur o 2:!5r >149; grb'é >=>= E(2~{: Cm: 1 5.0 z-o 1-5 2 3.Q 1'3 093 NOTE: List owl-story species at top of each block 3 1.3. 2-8 ' b and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R- h 3~L 34 l' 5 Rock; P-Pavement; M-Moee; Dash . Soil. L 3nd 1" 6 DOT CREEK: 3.1L Q-D. " ‘1' Annual: 7 an; 3-0 :9 5 ‘1-0 '3 O_ J. g; Form for recording L 3 0 EL 1° ’_ intonation obtained M9 ‘9 " ‘5 in Step One. Total - S - . Avg. Mu. S'Di—M—Jfl— PECOPD OI" FERNANEN'T‘ LINE TRANSECT Anna ._ Allotment 33m Date “ll”: '77 By OM‘L‘ “=53. Cluster No. I 1 2 3 h 5 6 _7 8 9 '10 - Transect «a. 2L : 3 £ : : 3 :‘TE 3 : 3 3....:....:....u....:....:. ..z....:. ..:....: ...: M33303 ‘6 :L: l“:g"':&":g‘": I": :gr:l—: V: EROSIOSPAW _- ll 12 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 RM ’... ..3T9-5....3 3 noes 3' r Ever Br L:B'€m L:Br:9>rzgv: momsmnmx _iz_ 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL IOO : : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX __£__87 :...: ...:....:....: ...: ...: ...:....:....: ...: mom com INDEX & _:_L: =$W=$rfig§rqne>f¢nexfingrfis 5r3r :BY: ovzas'roax fl: __31___12 33 3h 35 36 film mums! - 0 O I O O O O o O :m: 8mm ' (Listby name, symbol and amber of bits) md-«JQ 1’ d Is- 121‘ka It'd Qba‘hn omit-Ti. 5' SHLhaos vs” -st -. '._, H . : : GCGC'Ihum —0¢La I ............ ...:....:....: 13%..qu _- I ‘ ‘2- __ . . z : ‘ ’ ‘ 25 __6_J._._:§é:63:6h:65:66:61:68:69:TO: MW”9°‘W““"M"‘ MMBmL-OccsfggzLL- Mum law 71 72 73 _Ih' 75* 7c 77 78 79 80 m INDICATOR SPECIE NOT RECORDED : : : : . : : aggfia gfigagr&r :HMHM >=> gt :3f'1éf'qh’3fit : 73W..%fis Dig-33a " 7.6 31 J2 93 9E 95 96 97 9B 99 100 fir F : . : 4. -: : : 4. t «V . :BPQY: ABA: MN: Emmet: 91':st St : Guy: J. [-5' ‘5' C. 3 . "' V1 2 ‘.5 q‘LAL NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block ‘2 1-3' 51: 5-3 _, and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R- h I)“ 3 S c- a Rock; P-Pavement; 141-Moss; Dash I Soil. E p S 3-4- 5'5 DOT GEEK: 1- i: a. 5" gt Annuals g "a? g-b g-L I. - E .i‘ E‘ . Form for recording m: 9 ' 5‘ ('3':— intonation obtained w J' b in Step One. Total [5" 0 $3 éé. St 2 Avg. Max. [-5 8M ‘ PECOFD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT A-P'zeuh Allotment woebwé Date LLH» ’77 By QWK'EC‘J Cluster No. ’ 123h56L8910 ’TransectNo.3 " its: La: was}: N: Him: 1.11m figzfimm ll 12 l3 1’4 15 16 H 18 19 20 RmK -—— ' ' ° ' - : : : : : : LI'I'I'ER 8:24....h ..:....:....:....:....: ..:....:. ..: MOSS — :Mzb :> :E‘f:D :M:v ”8'” PIANTDENSITYINDEX 32. 21 22 23 2h 25 2F 27 23 .29 30. TOTAL I DO : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX 43-— ......................................... cnomm com mgx 32; WEquu-Ml. RAMS” ‘A-Bclg omsroa! _4,__ _}_1_:2 33 .31‘ 35 .36. 37 3 UNDERSTORI __QL .................. smarts MeteLL- @‘1‘3" L: LSW‘ZA‘B bz‘fird: (List by name, symbol and number L1 HLZ’ L3 LL L5 716 L7 118.5119 50 of hits) .- : 7 : : ' chm =34 ........................................... “A a a. C4. d —779'-1 TEL. L. enf. a... a... m; 1.1.:b2t M 2.; $1.13 3:4,, .. “2. skimfimtq 51 52 53 51' 55 S6 51 58 ..59 6O Aft-elm «fauna—#3. a3 : : : : : : : : : I ‘ 1+3 -—’3 5 ; ';115.;;i¥iééib”ézii%bi'fi:£d'7x;;4;c;fi£&éa;Sfiéws—St 1 2~ 11 72 73.15 75 TC 77 75 I9 80 :TA : : : ° : : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT ' . .; . RECORDED : : : : :TG: rc-fiSc I 6“. q-G 9; 92 93 .55 95 9 97 9 99 100 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 S c 1L o-r and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R- L 5c; 75 c-s‘ Rock; P-Pavement; M-Moss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 5‘- 1. '14 ,. .- DOT CECK: 6 ¢ 5' 5. L "L“ Annuals 7 v1? Tc l~§ . if J-C‘ :- L Form for recording 1_5_5_; 7.5" .- L information obtained 10 .525" ‘7-1. _131‘ in Step One. Total 55.1 7; 6 '5: H- Avg. Max. 5'2— TM‘ - ”ECORD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT AMLIR ' .. _ Allotment “@9ng Date 1 I H- 117 By OKfi-Fofi-c-c-J. Cluster No. 2. 1 2 3 h s 6 7 8 9 10 . Transectllo. l : :‘uzP: “1?. 1;- : “'19 ”Elk “1P:”‘IP:44‘IP: #78: 2305105 PAVEMENT -- 1L 1 l3 1 35 1 17 18 19 20 Rxx .— : : : : : : : :Crc: : : LITTER :5 :. ..:....:. ..:....: ...:....:,...:....: ..:. ..: ‘MSS -- :L- :flflafijnijzfig-‘dfipzflvm :f'HPJHE mm nmsm max 21 22 21 2h 25 25 27 28 29 30 TOTAL 0 O C) : : : : : 2 : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY IRDEX ___fié— cnourm com max __g_Q-_ _S__. OVERSTORY WDERSTORY _S_h; Q....§\...§ \ SPECIES :Psrm:’$:§;:&rqr.H~1223'3I :bflin‘HP: L- :‘H‘szH‘IP! (List by none, symbol and number bl he h3 LL us LS L7 h8 L9 50 _ of hits - - Cvo:Cv'¢ (:‘.o : ' ' Euiia Gal-nmuQ-Afz.§ Mm; H‘té ; ; HHPIHMWJPI Mariam .gvotmmp 5‘1 52 53 5h 55 J6 :7 58 59 so ‘ . . . . . . : : CNSSO ‘. ... ememmpogsmpcculgn 1&er 4 ‘2‘ 5.91ng z .61.62:63:6h:6§:66:61:68:69:10: Sh‘ch33pp—St-I :an LLMLLLM... Occ'- macc .. ,_ .Ji.72.73._lh.Ji.E.77 78.709.80.I;a“:(mtlzl‘-'1£.3‘Iatfié.I —/~AM‘2J . . t . . KEY INDICATO SPECIES NOT :oooo:oeoo:oooo:eooo:ooeo:oeco:oooo: ...: ...:. ..: RECORDE :L—:L.m:kcu.;qu: L: L-:*HP:B‘€p:er:*(-jr>. “’4rmdsmlgca Gm'u‘nu‘ "j 51 82 81 8h 85 86 87 83 89 90" N112: “#:2359915 .9333; Farm: “1 P: “'19 = 1H P: ="HF: 91' 92" 93 9h 95' 96 97 98 99 100 2" g f . . : : A-FZ: . . . 9 F . . . T :— : +7 4 4. : *4 : - 4 3 A ‘ ”7. L Bur “i?“h? H‘TP : L : L-:“‘1P: :Hfififlifl: 1 (be 7 110 L)" 2 «z-o L-O 0 5 NOTE: List overstory species at top of esch block 3 3.0 C"? J‘ and circle symbol when dead. 141-Litter; RI ’4 9'2. L‘? n-S‘ Rock; P-Pavcment; MsMoss; Dash 8 Soil. 2 Q4 5‘! 1-5‘ DOT CFECK: 22.. '-I rs" Annuals TJ ' to to s S 3' o 1, o a. ,- Form for recording 9 T5 ' o b ' O ‘_L__.' - intonation obtained 10 3'0 9:0 "5' in Step One. Total 9!: .5 9?. o 15" 0 Avg. Max. 3'33" $410 1'5" PECOPD OP PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT mim- Allotment ELM— Date I! “b (7‘! 3y bike-Few Ecr- 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 :H‘JP SgiHP “1? L 3qu&3~( 3'9: H117: H39: H19 Greta-FL?! 1.1m Cluster Ho. '2- Transect Ilo. :2— m son _-z-_§_ 230st PAW - RxK -— m 31 MOSS ___—- _ PLANT Dmsm INDEX i 41 TOTAL 190 FORAGE DENSITY INDEX uni GROUND COVER INDEX 42- ovumonx ___; momma! _4-J_ SPECIES :(List by name, symbol and number of hits) 33.6‘ ‘: H5? 52 Z3. 5’4 55 56 57 58 J9 : L: - : 2 H41? [..: :L: L— 61 62 63 6h 65 6F67 68 69 #3301— E. ...oLo..‘;o; ‘oC-o.oo 11 73. 74 .35 76 T? 78 79 TO : fianrrluw‘a "l‘Wl‘U’du’H3 ‘§8 Q -- s3 Wu Who-5M .98., hmumc'QQ-WI KEY INDICATOR SPECIES HOT RECORDED but-kg Q4“ (puma. -- $31 I ktmggwun filfloyn-F “193912 Y: qurgvfir 33M i'HP 91 92 93 917 95 95 j? 93 99 100 : : : : : : : : : : A52. V1025 msummfi . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 :2 , a, E fmgfimb‘ifi 91?:H‘ggfif9fi '— :"HL: “7?: L: 150 1'9 l S‘ w 2 ‘3' 9 1"? 1 5' NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 5.13 Ag: 1- 9- and circle symbol when dead. L'Litter; R- 1‘4»: 1'5 y» Rock; P-Pavement; M-Moss; Dash I Soil. 5 A 1 ”“3" I": DO? CHECK: 6 b o; :'.-T r: Annuals T__A ~. j 1.; c 'S‘ S A I 1.. a: r ~r Form for recording a. a. 5' rs: intonation obtained ME”; 5 "’ in Step One. Total (a. 2 $558 “+6 Avg. Max. ' - - - “ECOFD 0F PEPMANEH'P LINE TRANSECT 91 a Allotment Mm; Date .LL‘LI‘E'Z By OKWNEC-T Cluster Ho. 9— 1 2 3 h s 6 J 8 9 10 Transectflo. 3 . :ééhqg. L.: L. L— L— L. +£22th mosmnmvm'r . ll 12 13 1’9 '5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK —— : : : : : : z : : z : LITTER EE :....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....: MOSS -- ' " ' PLANT DENSITY INDEX 5‘ 2. TOTAL c 5'" roman DENSITY nmzx _EEL GROUND COVER INDEX _EL OVERSTORY _LL 31 32 33 34 35 36 3? 35 :'39 no mmaas'roar #6; fC'P: : : : . = P: f 3 f SPECIES .......................................... 1‘- . t: . : : L—: L— .3“), HthHXP: :"HP: L :bf'fic( List by name, symbol and number 711 L2 L3 hh hs an L7 LS 3&9 50 of hits) : o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ;:“~1P:F>m:#~oP- H1? "NP: "HP ”‘1? L: $641251..- Cedr-QTCMXMMScM-Cg: 51' 52 53 Sh 55 J6 5'?" 58 59 60 $439.41ij 1.: «- I :3: : : t : : . : Hulkrrixem Ct MW! 5;: (“I‘d-fig: :Oeeo:eo ..:. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo V VI 0‘ .0} z ‘— L “'18an ‘- PM 0°” i ”7% #5: 61.62 63 61K 65 . 66 6? 68 69 .70 . S ‘cho-s W931i”! 2 . i$ur: $.31 y. o 2 r- :e. o :0 00:00. :eoeezeee-z nee. loco eo e:eeee:eoee: EQYIQA ‘CRAR‘ “fig. gu‘lP: 41:!P “'1‘? k: '— :bflt‘ : ' :60: £12. 93:35:12 »_ PF £3 er [ 7)» T2 73 7'4 75 7v T7 78 J9 50 :C : : : : : z : 1cm Izmxcmoa SPECIES NOT "°- RECORDED p: :L:; 'E neLee: .L..u;ighté.P.oH.§.P. . 'p: 5‘35 82 83 6h 85 36 87 2:9 90 ~ , '- ' : : : : : : : : - 12M «grip-c MS... ;;L L: L: L=_.; L-' ”‘1?ng L451?! 91 92 93 :'.-J9 05 96 9'? 98' 99 100 : : 2 : : ' :EuL: VIGOR WW ‘ 5 u f L H z _ Cro 3:4,? k HM): 3'19.ng {$0312 L- “9R4 L: : 14;;GC 2.; 2 39> 4:4 3v; NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 i’ a“ 5. O 2' It; and circle symbol when dead. LBLitter; R: h 1's g -o 2' 1 Rock; P-Pavenent; M=Moss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 l-S' 5.: z. i. was 6 Last 5- I 3.. g: Annuals 7 10;- 1:0 2:4: 5.4:); 562 4- 9— Form for recording 9 “3;; 50 a . to; information obtained 10 "b 1‘ é in Step One. Total I . Avs- Max. 1'5 5am PECOFD OF PERFAHERT LIflE TRANSECT *F‘Zéufi Allotment Low; Date _LJJ q ’77 w nnA-Pul E-c-J’ Cluster Ho. 3 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 g 10 Transect No. I :5“: . ...... mg son, 15 .u‘tP “1 if“? Evy. L $sz :Brfm 52- 23051011 PAW ‘- 11 12 13 1h :3 16 17 18 20 ROCK ‘- : : : : : : : : : : : LITTER {Lit :. ' ' - ' ..:....:S§$9:....: ...:....: MOSS "' :H ' . : . : . : : : : (...: PLANT nmsm nmzx "$ 5__ 23 25 30 TOTAL 1 : :Cg: : : : : : : : ° FORAGE DENSITY INDEX £70 :,...:.. ;....:..-.:....;....: ...;....:....:....; GROUND COVER INDEX :l& :'l-HP: : L : HmkpszP: r9. 3. L. : I: : #39 ovzns'ronr _6_ 31 32 33 3h 35 36 37 3t: 39 0 01113123703! 44;, ..... SPECIES :3rqu-1Pgrgn Rb‘fmr: L. :f-HP:BW1{HNP’fimy {List by none. symbol and number L1 1:2 1:3 uh us 1: 1:7 as 2.9 50 0. hits) ° : : : z : : : : :43me $43,215 ngg_ 9 HIM” af-vx cam. -Q..r-l :‘.-Q: St‘ I ‘ ' ' w M #:3MI-Qé. ...,. ... 1...: ......... ;....:........ .:.... .....; §N7°kflus fist- I $53.11 5731;33:5v‘jn‘p'c: "Pb: L~ is'flr “on? T£(MOW I 71 72 73" 71 7% “(C 77 78 79 86 ~ : : : . z : ' : : : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT 3 . . . . - .................................. RECORDED : L u:‘IP: MPMt Brag-LN: H‘ifé L JHP; W: P - “4?— 31 32 83 a. '35 6:6 87 89 9O , , - : : : G: = . : Mari um ”‘4‘” “wk“: ..H§F.L...g.fi.ro.g.nrr..t.uéé..fi..‘Eo.. ;Omb;ofio; qudéw‘u QFaM- 9k . 91 92 93 9h 2: 96' 97 98 99 100 A‘FZL - L «r . .9 - l 5?5' J-v- C12 2 5;- ; fir- f‘¢ NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 5.5' 1- .... r #— nnd circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; ‘38 h 5- -; J. S’ c 0 Rock; P-Pavenent; Malaoss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 5-3‘ a- S‘ C w.) DOT CHECK: 6 3 5 L- :- g-D Annuals T 5- _s‘ p S‘ S‘ ‘ O 8 .5 5 " *4» _I' D Form for recording 9 5;: " i 9" ° intonation obtained 104’ V’ 5 ' O in Step One. __ Total 520 I1- s 5‘0 Q Avg. Max. 5'15 LQS E-O Allotment lmwl Date _'_ ‘1‘] 177 911.com or mumzm LINE msnc'r M22...“ 83/ CDKHRaE-QI Cluster no. 3 1 2 IL I: s 6 7 8 9 1o Transect No. 3- .ooee . leeoo'oeoo' .eoeo:oooe :oooo: o;oeeo; BABESOIL '1 : L: L: L.. :H‘i? 3'91! “1F“flgi-hP‘HP: L— : EROSIOH PAW -- 11 12 13 1h :5 16 .11'18 1? 20 ROCK -— ‘ : : : : : LITTER 2% 1... . . :. . .z .................................. MOSS ~— :'-:>:LH1> grquZLL 33% :BQLL. m'rnmsm 1mm g5- 21 22 23; 2h ..29 30 TOTAL ‘00 ' : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX __gb.§'__ : ... ...................................... GROUIYD COVER INDEX ___3._ :H’iP: L LHP. ) “an “:P:“:1P:L8-:“3‘9122“;loms'rou _25__. 31 3_2 J3 sh mmsas'roar _QL .......................................... :....§ SPECIES : P EHLN”: Hm? H18:W:H‘1P:L:L-:MP (List by name, symbol and nmnber 11 1.2 1.3 1.1. 115 LC 11 18:19 5') of hits : : : : : : '4?qu ,kmtq M U!) Ln Gill—$133: :b 2+»: L— > M 1.141.; b > rm»: bins a.» 1) ~11 . 51 $2 53 sh SS 1156 57 58 59 60 . . . . : : . bark“ afiJ'qu_Bur-I 7;; 2 ' '1: 2}" J41}; H133; k'éq}: 'éé'éé'ré'r; W15 ' 2:; Giant... N'QDICAMS-Cun - I 61 fig 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69 To . : EM : : : : : : :gfid“” SPP ’S’t" : L: :41P:?>var:8v9r:L “HP “1?: L 243?: Tl 72 33 74 75 76 77 75 T9 80 : : : : : ° : ' KEY IHDICATOR SPECIES NOT :. . . . .......................................... RECORDED : b : L ”1? “*1? H1? “‘1? “1? H1?:+HP:“1P: A4uiua an}. a» 443. 51 82 H83 8:" c5 c6 87 83 a} 90 : : : : : : : “5‘00qu “as lJ-ggfgca Q‘s- AL ggVQr; b: : g; : H !E: L: = L: : ”NIP: “JR. MP: “1P: CHM $ & hn‘iusgg - C02. 91 92 93 9‘4 95 96 97 98 99 100 : : :‘ : : : : : : : VIGOF. MEETS r- : : . 1 g. 4 : +_ c : #4. 2. .. CJ-o . “V ' .bdfigz'finbdc “1261:: LutggH‘ipzfl‘gP: 1 a c 313' l-O 2 1- Ca 3' g: 1- 0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 1m: 3L A. a and circle symbol when dead. L'Litter; R- h 3‘3 2- «2- 1- 0 Rock; P-anement; MsMoss; Dash I Soil. 5 g- ‘3 3‘3 1. 3 DOT CHECK: 6 1- C: 1., l . a Annuals 7 s-O 3-1‘ 1 ‘O S '5- o 2."; 1- o - Form for recording 9 "3 “S2 3‘ ’1 L' 0 information obtained 10 3'9 1' " O in Step One. Total 3§~ 0 it) to 0 Avg. Max. 3'0 3'): ‘ '0 PECOPD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANS‘ECT Ginéaé'TACEc-ks Allotment QW- ”"9sz Date ”(la—3 “1:2 3:] OKAF'oR- E'C'I Cluster No. l l 2 3 h 5 6 7 B 9 10‘ Transect No. l :Cmfl: . o . :oooo oooo oooo‘oooo:aooo:oooo:oooo 0000:0000 o co, mson : L :M: E : L: :M:Mz L': L: : EROSIOH PAW ll 12 13 l“ l 5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK ;....:....;....;....:.QH9:.C.~.\2‘:....:.-..:oooa:a(o:!‘o.; $58 _— H‘l'I‘ 2AM: L. : L.: L- :A’nd: : L. :3r5t: L : : PLANT DBISITY INDEX 52L. 21 22 23 2b 25 26 27 28 29 30 TOTAL ‘g‘ l : : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX ”NAG" snout-m com 111an CH :XA :Pmd: : L- :And : :ANI: CW! omsronx 31 3_2 J3 314 35 36 37 35 39 1+0 UNDERSTORY I - CM SPSCIES And: L—: '— :H‘GP A16: ‘— . L- :CN": :A' . (List by name, symbol and number 11 12 13 11 15 L6 17 h8 h9 so of hits) ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' : : Andmp‘flbfi QQVQM$\A¢\§:_Z_1‘] 51 52 53 5h 55 56 57 58 59 " : : EM 3Com: : : : ; L :A'hd: :B’QY: :M:. L- : L- :CMMOV‘: Hakl~16u3 ‘I’P-P‘ Hkb :- a” 6 6h 6 66 6 . :61:_63_:3: :Szcm:7;68;69:10;C.d12uiuM ‘PSC‘fz=-'L MLAnAGnM>W>L ‘isw'hc ..P = l . 71 T2 73 7h 75 7C 77 73 79 80 60 . ; Nmeui a Omen'cnua :XA ‘6! : : : . . . . . . . m INDICATOR SPECIES nor :- ..:..oog....:....g....:....:...u:....g....:....; RECORDED . :L :<8:‘}Q¢Chn:Cmn:G~m A‘“:M::A“(‘ANLB‘V\(L CVbI-‘QnD—LLMS 44543:?- 2 ’ ‘ 83 8h 85 '36 87 88 89 90 *5 ’ ~ . . . . . . . . . >uCk€q ¢.+4(-1 we. I . .oooo.oooo:oooo:aoaa.oaoo ........................ 91 92 93 9f 95 96 97 93 99 100 : z : . : : . . . :0": W608 W :__—: :., : ' ' c ; #- :~-—~: Cro 45L 19>..r' .firgrzétgr: L:P>r‘)hfisrc1nAnd: L: L: L- : : l 21.9, '33-; l-S‘ 2 4- '2. 4'0 1'3; ° HO’I’E: List overatory species at top of each block 3 A 2. 4‘0 l-S and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R- h ' ‘ l- 5‘ Rock; P-Pavexnent; MtMoss; Dash 8 Soil. 1* S DOT CECK: |- S Annuals l- S I . 5‘ Form for recording "-'>_ information obtained 1' 5 in Step One. Total (5 - 0 Avg. Max. 1. CD 1US$01?!) OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT Conhké?hc&us Allotment S_Ago Lot-2% Date 113.» [3:1 ByDK-AF-ol-E 033 Cluster No. I 1 2 1 I: s 6 T 8 9 10 ‘ Transect No. 2 . L ' : 2 2 .S‘E:s 5+: 2 :... .:....:....l ..... ::....:.... ...: MSOIL ‘5 ’BfflrM :me: CMn ::C‘tb L : 53": : L- : EROSIOH PAVEMENT? —. 11 12 13 — 1h 15 16 1:! 18 19 20 ROCK -- Tm: «ML—~15: L: L. ; L :St: : PLANT nmsm INDEX 21 22 23 21: 2s 26 27 28 29 30 TOTAL l: 4°: _.5' ' - : : : : : : : : PORAGE DENSITY mnEx _QL :...:....:....; ........................ ..- GROUND COVER INDEX 85 flb:And:Brgrz L. Bryn CL. Cm. BrgrEL; ovzns'roax ___1_l___ 31 :2 #33 :.31‘ 35 36 UNDERSI‘ORY _ ELL 2 ..................................... ' SPECIES =31'NJ:AY\0L 42. N': 14> ::gtgr b : b :A-«a': (List by name, symbol and number 1.1 1.2 13 1:1: as hé 2:7 ‘48 01:9 50 of hits) : :CM n: : : : : : : AKOQIM (QQQQVD-USE'A‘L- [ :....g....:....: .................... S “.5” .St - ‘- = L: “Gd ‘- B'SP'I L 479:.15555 :W 51 52 S3 5“ :55:6 57 58 ..59 60 “HQ/Luflfl S-p 2 CO" I : : : : : : Emir-3&s 1: dagduug.fl-nd= 5- . .:.... . ..:.. .......................... 452“ s “ a .7 :L :Bv-gr- A cfs cz-n- L. 3m: dz: Lou Lau- fifium 5,4 1* gm =g 61 62 63 6h 65 66 67 63 ..69 70 :1: (Iran. ‘ I? : ._~m: : M ES :....:....: ................................... CWMM 5N&m;r.ms:t MED figr: l_- LCN :Lgu: qus Lau: Q‘r- Pvi" m P I ' I 71 72 73 45 75 76 '[7 78 79 80“: 325cm»: -. A b a- - : : z : . : : ICE! mzcmon SPECIES 1m :CM‘E ; ooooo ca:- 0 :.soo: 000:0900: (RE‘CORDED :LM: LQU: 6:13":nger Evy: CM; 2%: buzkgé 9.4L» CML £0 OI 82 83 8h 55 d6 87 5? .19 J Ow... +€Lcwni€l = Cit: EPM'RQ'L ‘Q 69 XLH ’QYQ r Ta. VIGOP. mm _EXQT 1'6 - ' 43210- 1 «....o 13 o I-S‘ 2 9' 0 945‘ I'S NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 4*: 9: 1'5‘ and circle symbol when dead. LILitter; R- h 4.1+: g: 1'; Rock; P-Pavement; Mal-ion; Dash I Soil. 5 12,-g q.o 1.; DOT CHECK: 6 9;" S‘- S‘ v.5. Annuals 7 (or! CD 1': 8 “'2' (3.0 l: 8‘ Form for recording 9 9"" 85; n .5; information obtained 10 £4.49 5“; 1~ L in Step One. Total 3mg @- IS-o ' PECOPD OF PERMANEEW LINE TRANSECT Commence-.3 AllotmentSAv-w-9Lb Date 11161-77 By 0 ImPoQ .c‘-<.v j" Cluster Ho. 1 L 1' S 6 7 8 49 10 Transect No. a : : :CM 3; o : z : O : : :....:....; ................................ ..: BARESOIL 2! . 9509': L: :1“ ::‘H'd 5'9. .529. 5'9 :Cte: d’e: ansmn PAW .— ll_ 12 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK -— . E.AL ' : : : : : LI'l'l‘ER 3 H- 00:00. .‘so ................... .B. oooooooooooo .‘E... MOSS -— . :bm :b 9. -thL firm :9 Brgrzfifgr: 3: PLANT DENSITY man 21 2 23 2s 26 27 25 29 30 TOTAL '0 :gw: : : ' : : z— : PORAGE DENSITY INDEX :... .. .............. ;.,..; ....;.'.’-:-.; (mourn) com max : L: L--: L- ‘— .L L- b; :53: : GMT?! __13._ 31 3_2 33 31* 35 36 3? 4 J9 UNDERSTORY A :5‘5 :59. 3"“: B’flh'\ '3 UK“ :59: : L L— : (List by name, symbol and number L-1 1:2 113 M; 115 1:6 1:7 1? 1:9 _50 of hits : : : :St: :P’L: bi Q}+°~n'° 9?? 71% g ....................... :....g....; ..... ....' _mwpfiW-x qq.‘9q.crp., :gYLB'ch: B't‘fl; $955 :343: 319-: : '— L— "1+2... um 3:: A L 51 52 53 it 55 56 :7 58 59 60 :'.... busfilus sppcpb .~ l3 :...:....:....:.C.F.f:....: ... :.;‘:'.'.':L.::.n.n. ...:. ..: DE?“ hart—fiftivmfl:,8 :' T: N? : L— : big big 99%: - -’ Luv G5”: Ce" Com 61 62 63 6h 65 66' 61 68 69 7o Quiz“ ~ P. : : : : ' : ,erm-‘n ¢W&.#.m .17.: 3 : .......... ...:. ................... :....z. IL: :L: L L:G“ML_. :.iL. IL; j;%.rgr: NS 313’ych50523t r l 71 T2 73 Th 71 JC 7? H13 79 80 : : : : :Cmn: : m mICA’I'OR SPECIES HOT :....g....:....: ............................... mORDED :bigg L. g L— :8’9‘; :gr‘ifr: 5'9?- ::E'?’ 8G7”; 8'3? » W1 82 ..83 BL 85 86 87 8“: '39 J0 ' éLébai'Cm.' 3'53'1 2L. 254323,“;ch 91 92 93 51% 95 96 97 98 99 100 : : : M : : VIGOR MEASUREWS f Crg ,- Te Bur- :1»qu :b‘u L: EEC»... 6441::an :Pwar. M 1:: 2 15‘ 825" r; NOTE: List overstory species at top or esch block 3 3- 5' ~23. c l-S‘ and circle symbol when desd. L-Litter; R- h *5 o ‘l- 0 \' I Rock; P-Psvcment; Mal-163s; Duh - Soil. 5 11.0 (f 3 v; DOT CHECK: 6 ”1.; ‘3-0 "SI Annuals 7 BS“ M— 8 ‘31; S": r g ' Form for recording 9 '3 £2. ‘10, " 5:— informstion obtained 10 ~33 5 '-’ 1' 3 in Step One. .- Total 36 -9- 817-5 ISO Avg. Max. Big «lg-75" las‘o FECOFD 0F PERP‘AW LINE TRANSECT gum Fn-Qw Allotment Suw- ”ml—é Date [Lg—.1117 By 0W ‘E'C‘I Cluster no. 'iw 1 2 3 h S 6 I 8 9 10 Transect No. 5 I L . f f ’4: 3 f f f max son. :ASY : A57: L :R'Sl': L- : : L :3'3': " : L : EROSIOH PAW- ll 12 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 RxK - - IH'l'l :....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....: MOSS : L :A'Ni Can-noun: 51.5: cm; ’— :TA: ‘— :‘Md: PLANT DBISITY INDEX 4; 21 22 21 2h 22 25 27 23 29 J0 TOTAL 1 CO : : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY EDI-3X fi :...:....:....:....:....g....:....:....g ...:....; GROUND COVER INDEX :KA :M:W:N:W:N:CM:Hzg’flhgrflrz OVERSTORY _1’_ 31 3_2 33 3h 35 36> 37 3 39 0 UNDERSTORY __{3_ - SPECES : ‘- :Cnm: L: L: Wu‘ :’EVBI L-: L- :P : D : (List by name, symbol and number 5 of hits) . , . : : . : : . . . 45‘15‘H‘QCJ3' #5“! ing- g....:....: ...;....:....:....:....g....:....:....: j «wanug. do}. : L— : L :fi'SY: L :Nzcm“: N: “A :XA : L- : #:5522229; nglngQE§gsg ELL 51 52 53 Sb 55 56 57 58 59 60 May-ewe: auto. 1' wt 2 I‘ : : : : : : : : : : : f M n' am '7 :. ..:....:. ..:....:....:. ..:....:....: ...:....: 'g ‘ . '7 : L: L': > :Q‘;%4 ‘D : L. : L- :> : L—z iiwfifigWMQDYI'Qang.XA-a§ 61 62 63 6h 65 66' 67 68 69 70 phbyq'sk’hs 2P!) 9 / ' ‘ ' ETAf f: n2 n3 3 35m? C ...-o: ooooooooooooooooooooooo . oooooooooooooooooooo :L:L-:*‘~d:“:.‘«:)(A:XA- zmnwz ; CjMA°PQ3M=va” 71 72 73—15 J5 TC 77 78 79 80 . . . : . KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT ' :ooogoooo:ooeo:oooo: coo:oooo:oooo:oo00:000.:ooqo: . RECORDE =h’“ = 2 L: L =&"‘31'=B"9R M:M:C\n :Gnn: mu @IIH‘M'Edfl-"I : 4L 0 3 h 83 as 37 as 89 J0 Bad“ ‘ 4 5 o u e o o 0 $62” .- W Eéégr : 13 .b"';é11n'l'.°§ @533}; M Tér'wr' w £31m; Cro mfiw'gflm’ 4‘8», 91 92 9L 3“ 95 96 $7 93 99 100 . ' EC“ : : :C : : : : A LCM: V1608 W ZoMA-METAdfwimému: ; 117-“; 'gr , 2 8' - 11m: List overstory species at top of each block 3 QC. :‘.-0 - and circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; R- h 85 if §1__ Rock; P-Pavement; McMoss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 8'8 15'5“ "::. DOT CHECK: 6:9; 32 En ‘ Annuals ' 7 829" 31: 14.0 F g: s- 42: a a- Form for recording 9 55‘ 9‘9 5 0 information obtained 10 K'L 3'5. J“? in Step One. . Total 8519 37" 50'0 Avg. Max. X'itf 11:71.. 6.00 PECOFD OF PERMANEH'T' LINE TRANSECT Conduct-mus Allotment flu Ann-32$ Date Jim "72 By g ghkL-E-CQ Cluster No. 2:, Trensect No. 1 BABE son. 3 23031011 PAW — aocx .— LITTER _3""¢"""' moss - 9mm nmsm 11mm: '5': TOTAL I O 0 some: nmsm INDEX _§_O__ mom-m com Imam: _S_L__ oms'roa! __Li_ UNDERSI‘ORY _s-‘L spasms : (List by nsne, symbol and number of hits) BuyKZ: Q‘fmm. genre I Carnot-hm "63:41.6.9-01- :6 Fern : ID Xamam a Gmewér-Aa 2M: 7 hflWAQ‘t.‘ amoimadg-EJTA; Z gwfinnos 3 5t 2 'Cuscar u. s 9.34!- ‘T’gnmnaliq (Amt-(ova 81 2— Fmbmfijull‘s .fb: _‘f- Cimbo «Np-72%;” spp: c». 5‘ «___-3‘ KEY INDICATOR SPECIES SOT RECORDED 1 2 3 1. s 6 _L a 9 1o 3*?9.t3....l...... : ::CMAXAAAd. L-XA:}A:L.:CM:C~91> 11 12 13 1b 15 16 17 18 19 20 t. can, Cm; 55L ;L ' (— ;Bv-3':E:Mr: 21 2 23 2h 25 26‘ 27 23 29_30 3 f i = - gALEAL: ZKXEOQSEAZ: 3.4.1.... "LI '1'." 3a ..... 11 32 33 3h 35 36 37 46 JW ' ...5....3.’?'.l:3.t.t=3....3 Est: L' L.;c...; 1.92315 ' ;1_' 1.1 E2 1.3 1.2.15 1.;- hf—Ea 1.9 50 .. : . 3163‘“ 9 ..... 1.9.5.793 T.T.Tu ......... ;"°':L°:t_. . g 1 52 53 5h 55 .4456 97. 53 59 60 2'L°§'L_'.'§'°'1°T°""7T"C§:' ....%;.€q.'.é£. $7.; 61 62 63 6h 65 66 61, 68 69 TO u<~ 20...? L; LQ'T’A; L; :..:A—ae 269641126" 71 72 n_Lh 75 76 n 78 79 80 éLQ MM»? 1.; iic... M; mi L. And "51'12 83 8h 55 5:6 87 a? 894 QfigwgrarfidooerXAG-nfim ,:91.J2.91.jh. .93}? 98 99 100 :.L- L-: L..: LLCMA: CflnwLWL“; Li: NOTE: List overstory species at top of such block and circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; R- Rock; P-Psvenent; M-Moss; Duh I Soil. DOT CECK: Annunls Form for recording information obtained in Step One. Total Avg. Max. Kkaxta SAMAQARMSA$ :- KS. 2 'a'h ‘-b 44 [-5 h 3'9- 5'9, EVE 5 1.7-, 12. 5-5 6 LC figs—4.;— 7 ‘3'0 ‘7-0 8‘ " 8 g? '7-4- 5' “ 9 « '7-1. 67$? 10 35 ‘1 o 6 ‘L ' 0 o PECOPD 0F PERFANEN'P LINE TRANSECT COMBRETFrcesus AllotmentSfi'V; ”9998) Date [Ls-31'7“! By O'KH0R 5'": Cluster Ho. 1 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 9 1o ‘ Transect no. 3 :Br: ; z i 3 3 3 1 3 1 :....:....:....a....:....:....:....:....:....:....: BABESOIL I} : : '- :fizggncfi fife—A. :B'Gr:Cn":AM: 23051077 PAW — 1L 12 13 lb 15 16 17 153 19 20 RxK .— ..... cnourm com max : L: l=_:c-fz; do 1:. ‘— :62. Can: Ge: Cm 075337031 31 33 33 3h 35 35 37 36 39 [Io UNDERSTORY CM spasms :CFR: L: ::PN'Qf 3'37: Chi: C‘t'c: C42; M: :(List by name, symbol and number 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1. as 116 1.7 ha 119 _50 of hits) 0 z : : t : : : WW afi;fiena‘&rfil 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1% N::A1\d M: M: N: ‘32 ::Gnfl C+2: C+znnum sjpa C-{ug : fl-i L a- : 51 52L 5} 5 >5 56 57 58 59 g 60 Combrzl-um “L‘IV'CWS = 8 . 33w: ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ‘ p I :.:-#2.: ::4‘2. D ;;C+e. L.: L. 5:97: Erich: roP-ssqufkus -M '2 61 62 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69 7o blgikfia :‘5’3 ... 2_ fiéo-.Lo.o£;o.ié:gj;ooc£.aco+é ”gR'EAINH'Z'é' blSOfi-l‘s : b : I 71 72 H73 75 75 76 T? .78. ..79 80 : : - ICE! INDICATOR SPECIES NOT oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo :...o; RECORDED 1:1M:w: L L. hpourgpmd Cé-z: bi . Di N‘zelsa Wamqafigz. Ol 82 83 8h 85 86 87 83 —9‘% 3:5‘ (has L029. 1: K '4;.Eér.¢4;..a...ot..cof+.z oooooo .sz.&..-C+;je; C “.s £5 '[ Lgc'a , 91 92 .91. 90:_97 99 H100 : : VIGORWJASURWTS . Bit-lane}. Cm M;;CM" ‘- L MM _go -L- NOTE: List overstory species at top of eech block 3 5‘ 5, 1n: _g___ and circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; R- Rock; P-Pevement; MsMoss; Dub I Soil. - ’- D_(ZP_____ CECK: W ' “mm: W «a o ‘FQ 5‘ g Form for recording W information obtnined W3.— in Step One. new 43;... ‘sz 4« 56.3 Avg. Max. 4. £21. 4'34!- 5E PECORD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT (:cmn5r§EhICL£ru£i Allotment Shv- woe-bub Date [LE-Ll '77 15v OKfiFofl. E'C-I Cluster No. 29 1 2' 3 1' 5 6 T 8 9 " 10 “ Trmsect No. I i : . : : :C'M‘: : :C‘mn: z .......... 000‘0000:oooo:oooo ...-0.00... on. 0.0.. BARE SOIL a Cmvaqr Egg. ca .41}. :Cum: L. : :3: 2305101: PAVEMENT - ll 12 13 1h 15 16 l} 18 19 20 ROCK —- __L ;;C~.u. L CLLCVL L. : :Qb: L: PLANT nmsm max "5" 1'" 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL t O : : (M: : : ‘C : : z : FORAGE DENSITY max __I—H___ :...;....; ................... "99:....;....;....: (mourn) com 11:an :2: : L— :‘31hn ”(hbn L.:<315: : L—: (30% L-: OVEBSTORY ___LjL__ 31 32 33 3h 35 36 37 38 We menswear __2._-2;_ ..... CM .......... spasms ~ :L. 2% 53v: L : :C-mn: '- :b. L :8'223 (Listbynane, symbol and number of bits) f MB; of hm “mm 22 éfimboP-Oas'n t 4‘16: ID a! 2 a b13045 :'. _D =‘ I wwewa a‘nokcag (an; 40:92.13” LucoaqLuJJ-L. I bign‘w‘q = L3 2. m momma seven-s nor momma Tam; «aka Lani—(«Q .- TL GbMijmgac +3.4: LL baa CC'FKCIMQ '2 .6“... '1 91 92 93 3“ E95 96 9? H95 99 100— :M.: '30“. :C-m: . an . VI - - TL. - CrD "sur' :5: 'W 3‘8": : :83'31: :gvgrzgr: : 1 "LS ' ‘9' O J o D 2 300 S'L h 0 NOTE: List ova-story species at top of etch block 3 '7-5" 2- q ' no I and circle symbol when dead. LILitter; R- b '7-9 ‘1- 9 1 - 0 Rock; P-Pevenent; M-Moss; Duh I Soil. 5 Bro 3,- l a- 1.. 'DO’!‘ CHECK: 6 819 LL-Q l' 9 Annual: 7 '7-5 L1 ‘ ' O 5 ‘ :..-Q L . 0 Form for recording 9 7'5 Le-‘0 ' ' ’- intomtion obtained 10:3.:'0 ‘31-“ L2— in Step One. . Total r7695. [LDC O ‘0' 6 Avg. Max. “7.6.5" '49—'00 bog ”ECOFD OF PERP‘AW LINE TRANSECT Cancurnceous q Allotment flg-ww_b_@_ Date Ll_?-__|_t77 By OWE-961‘ =~‘C-';I Cluster No. 3 l 2 3 1. j '3 7 8 9 10 . Transect No. a. :Cmn: ; : : : : : : :Cmn: :....:....z....1....:....:....:....:....:....: ..... WSOIL t9 : :L:L_:g:L-:P:L:Can:L—: :zaosmnmmm'r — ll 12 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK -— 2...;... i.....§. ........ CMCvP 1335‘s” 4‘: :firqr: L L- st L.-. 41b. : :QhAL: mm nnasm INDEX "gg' ""- 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL t_<_.>o : : : : : z : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY DmEX LOT- : ...: ...;. ..: ............................. ; GROUHD COVER INDEX (35:3"4V L: ”L CM:“16:L L ::LAu Lam: Law oms'conr _L___| 31 32 33 3h 35_. 37 jg 39 “0 UNDERSTORY _53— Com 3mm; :'.—'14: Ci :Pygr: L. : L. :pyyrz : L- :F'3 : F5: (List by none, symbol and number 1.1 k2 L3 LL :5 L6 L7 be 119 50 of bits) : : : : .ACM: : : : : : Combrzfum M'QW'CJLns-aCmn: IL} :....gcocog..o.:....z....;....;....:....:.o..:.ooo; d“ spp.. CL .- g :r’bze'gV:L :'E‘b: :3???sz :L :415: (Arena Lebm n UL 1 51 52 53 5’4 55 JE- 57 5‘3 59 60 Wage-3M5 Wacarpusz .61. 3 : : : a o e o : Mach :ooooooooo: oo...o.oo.....:....;..oo;oo..;..ou:.oo:: an b (6’3, H5"? '&'3P_Lcnn: Cmn__ L 1‘49? $7.3: ear: :'.: ‘MQYflX‘FE- Cathay. 61 62 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69 To “by-.5 hsc-F-br7 : :Cmn‘ : : Eggs mimg£gide$e6wal ............ gm...“.....:....:..............: had Wamg,‘s,43 a] {Snafflf :L— :vijv- L L: chnos a St 2 ‘2 71 72 73 J» 75 76 77 75 79 80 ‘Témnmndflls mam-1:77 e14- : :.k: AS: : : : : : : : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT : ....... g .......................... :...-:....; RECORDED 3 L; ; ,-L ”Chm CMA::C\15 L: CI': ‘— : [5545p §WGI€MCI~5 ‘ “5 c1 82 83 an 85 as 87 65 a9 90 “L Terminal: 4 LQleqord 2 It. 91 92 '93 3“ 95 96 97 1 3 .33, . . . . h . : g : “._4; CV? . TL 1 E.“ C :BPQY:9"QY:9.-atq¥': 1; : :'Ti : L : L :pJPSP: : l g' :3 9'0 l-° 2 S 9 C ‘i l- 5 mm: List overstory species at top of etch block 3 23 ‘3- k n. ( and circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; R- h go o g» :2. ho Rock; P-Pcvexnent; Mat-floss; Dash 8 Soil. . 2 4*. 3 3"}: Lo DOT CHECK: :...-o 819- l 6 Annals T W'C 8 'q, l‘ 5 8 3 ‘7 Q'. Q 1- O _ Form for recording 9 ‘1" 3'0 "0 information obtained 10 ‘Pl ‘7'? L5 in Step One. Total ‘I $203— 14 0 Avg. Max. LL-oa 9.1:. fl PECOPD OF mmnm LINE TRANSECT Contai‘r'aceous Allotment S_A_\I_-SMu_I§__ Date "1-12;?- !“I'I By D Icma. €(J. Cluster Ho. ' 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 9 10 ' Transect No. I 'L-RI' : : : : : : : : : :....:....:.. ...... :....:....:....:....:....:....: WSOIL ('7 : :L:L:L:L:AL:AL:LOWEfln‘—: EROSIOHPAVBENT ...- 11 12 13 1h 1 5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK —-' : : : : : : : : : : : LITTER ‘¥_1 :....:....:....:....:....z....:....: ...: ...:....: MOSS -- : L— :l—- :L~.: f\L< L—zLJQU:L41u:ELfithWYY:l- : PLANT DENSITY IHDEX Lt‘Z— 21 22 23 2h 25 26 2'! 28 29 30 TOTAL 5 0 U : : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY nmsx 2- :...:....:....:....;....;....:. °':".":"":"": GROUI'ID COVER INDEX Cdt: ‘- :Cuéfln: L— :C‘k: L :Cfc; L- : L— : OVERSTORY _Li? 3 3 31* 35 36 37 35 39 u 0 URDERSTORY :....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....: SPECIES :C-l-c; ck: Ci'c: CE:C+2_; L :C‘iz: GEL: L : L—: List by name, symbol and number L1 1.2 L1 M 1.5 I46 L7 be I9 50 of hits) ' : : : ' - ' ' : ' ZL‘S'r: : 2L1:L:C‘1'<;l;.—:L.: . C O O .oooo.eoe ......o-oe.oaee:......oou......oooo.oaoa: : : : : : VIGOR MEASUREMENTS .¥ ' a L - 4_ ; L-G‘n' J mh A-‘L. CtIL ' :3: L:H’:g L:L:h.>: Mik- 1 (,u '00 L540 2 6:0 I- D 1'. L'Q NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 5‘”? J- I ‘21-53 and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R- “ Cy L I- I 'J—L - t: Rock; P-Pavement; MIMoss; Dash I Soil. 5 EL .0 2*‘ 0 DOT CHECK: 6 L‘ O - J. ’& Annuals 7 (1‘ O . I 3.3. '0 8 S {i I- l ‘34- '0 Form for recording 9 6' L ‘ ' Q 11‘ 0 information obtained 10 6v I i ' O Deg-1) in Step One. Total 60 .411; ‘0 - ‘2 13.0.0 Avg. Max. 610'). I. 0L 2.3-0!) ”89099 O? PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT 0».me u) _ Allotment a! 4&5 Date 4L}; L71 By OW- fie: luster No. ( 1 2 3 1. J 6 7 8 9 10 Transect m».‘ 2- :Cr: : : : : . : : :...?:.C.r.°.:....4.......c.':°..9‘9: ....z....:.C.".?:....: BARE SOIL 16 : : :L‘ : L-z : :L‘: L-z :3'91': EROSIOR PAVEMENT -—- ll 12 13 1h 2 5 16 l? 18 19 20 ROCK -- : : : : : :Cm: : : : : LITTER E a :....z....: ...:....:....:...9:....:.L.:...-.:....: MOSS ‘— :L-:L-: Mal-:L: :A'L: :L:~A—{_: PLANTDENSITYINDEX E 21 22 23 2b 25 2F 27 76 29 30 mm co : Q : : : z : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX ..:-5.... ., \n, ..-....-... - - GROUND COVER IFDEX __Zfl; OVERSTORY __ L%_ UNDERSTORY ___}— SPECIES List by nane, symbol and number of hits). :(nm: EM“. :Crcstw-t. (>6 n -Cr ..19 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo :ooeo'oeoozeooo: coco: ’1’W(;fl(1-fi) McL‘ug‘cg’ (MN '51— g° ::L‘Ef Bum L- : L~ : : : L—: HVAO.-r.'u.u4 amt-gt“, qf— .1- ..51 52 ..53 511.55 56 27 S8 59 60 (Unififla Md cu -— Rh 1. 1 . . St : ¢ C Z-L‘gu 0.0' ‘ '1 ....................................... Embqnf’“ , .4 -C\ . ___:L1:L: “-19%? 33%:ng NS :g'SY: :‘HP *ScuvL rng‘hmqi— ‘02“ 7 :'“HP: 4‘1? Mp: Bohr: 612.: CR. C414 €41: 0+1: Bar: 5+VYC“ “-9 - 51-“ =5 : : : : : : : RY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT :eooo:ooo. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo RECORDm i'u gm E0: ..... #:P...K;.émé..{gi;;gj.o....£. 91 92 93 9h 95 96 97 .98 99100 :“fiéscé”; ' ' ° ' em Cmn . A; L: L: L. 5")»:‘5'3? L. :btg: 1 L: {5- J [‘0 2 1.0 g Q l 0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 1:0 {9‘ O l' O and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; P.- h Q-l h“;- J- 0 Rock; P-Pavement; bit-Moss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 as l _g'g It! DOT CHECK: 6 L‘ O ' q I' ! Annuals T i . l ' {'2 1'0 8 u-o 30 4.1L Form for recording 9 l D LL") J‘JL information obtained 10 I . O I; J) h 0 in Sten One. Total Io~ u. 6! ~ 0 no.2. Avg. Max. ['04. t__. l O “Q: PECOPD 0F PERMAHENT LINE TRANSECT CLHAIL; Wu? bus Allotment S__-L Sunni Date _II '11- l 77 By OKMIL a; c. )_ Cluster No. 2' 1 2 3 h s 6 7 8 9 10 Transect No. I :...-:....:oooo‘ecfln:eoee:oooe:ooeo:o%:ooeo:ofig: BARESOIL 16 :qur:3rgn9~r<9r. :L .Brgr. L. : k : . 23.05101: PAW - ll 12 13 11: L3 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK - ' : : : ° : ' ' ° : ' LITTER 3‘ o ..... eoe ........... :ol:o<::o‘ono 0000000 e... co co MOSS _- L. I. L. L. can.“ M. L L PLANT nmsm nmsx $3 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL 10 O roman DENSITY mosx 43.. ..:-oeozoooe: oooooooooooooooo 'eeoo:oe’oo:oooo: 630mm COVER INDEX 4% :dtoz etc. are: L 1. "am Hi :de- (1:: CTc: omen! __h... (menswear __1‘2‘1— 31 32 33 31. 35 36 3738 39 no Q5»; (Qua; ”~12: Elmi- 57 58 59 so 2L; 2 °L'2'¥*}62351$§' 51 52 53 SH 55 \n 0 ox T’- . O O I ......OOOOOODOOO ........... (an: L: Brat: 33M“: 3'03: H112: I"NP: Barium: B'j“ 61 62 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69 To :B’m'r: gtfif: Bffl‘l’: grflf: .gYQY: L. (an; Cb\o\:‘CW::\: 71 T2 ..73 74 "5 76 77 .73 79 80 :(vmqun: Ni: I2 3.: Bron : L: L :D 4H?” bl 82 83 6‘. a; 86 87 86 339 30 o o o o o 000...... ooooooooooooooooooooo JCMi": (“W Cam L: L. Bf‘l‘r L :.L.‘ :"HPzfir‘jl: 91 92 ..93 9‘4 95 96 37 98 99 100 SPECIES : (List by name, symbol and number of hits) Crawhv'tnxx hfflhJud :Citfl-z [.7 'JQH’Lvm nachm .ig.‘ -; (”1%"th = (+1; 7 t>i~£¢>«17€s = .b a I H‘HWWVK Lu? 4 I‘utJucmiOeNfiP-an‘. A'MCQIKSS S_us [LIQCRJ \EEEHL‘LD) KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT RECORDED W .7 my“: a,.<: p r (r... J‘Clbh h! a ~(P- {ILA/ VIGOR FEASUREHENTS - ' : ,4 Cm :.- A L - “9 : L. : 8N1: Rd: CL: L_;;er BN1: 531:1- : L- : 1 f‘ C" (.1 1. D 2 S": I- 1- m. 0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of etch block 3 h o 1.; Jul—_— nnd circle symbol when dead. LcLitter; R- l. 6'0 5'! 2:4— Rock; P-Paveaent; Msfloss; 32$ 8 Soil. 5 L'O [“5 L0 DOT cmcx: Fr 1:» r o a. o Annuals T §~9 1‘ 0 111.) 8 c c! 1 ~ 0 1. o ‘ Form for recording LL91, l ' l 1' ‘ information obtained 10 S as I. i ::.-D in Step One. Total {8' I log 10o 3 Avg. Max. 5"81 1.07 3' 0.5 .9280?!) or PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT COMW‘TA LEW; Allotment &-5M£u$ Date _LLEJ- [7'7 By OKA-FHL- E-c-J. Cluster No. 123k 56;!89'10 ' Transectlo. (5.2.2.. mm : fisz:L-:|—-:'L-: :L: :L..: sacsmnmvm'r lL 12 13 1h 15 15 17 18 19 20 aocx CMCM ..:Cm‘ =2”; ”m . ° 0 'eooo:oeoe: ..... MOSS . . :Cfl k: L:C~m D : :C+e:L : rum nmsm mom: 21 22 2L 2!: 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL : : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX :...;....: ...;....:....;....:....: ...:....:....: GROUND COVER INDEX I¢l‘2 412:3flwzgfilfz dincufi: Ct;- L— :g" r L : L: OVERSTORY __LL': 31 3g 33 3h 35 36 BI 33 39 55 UifDERSTORY __44. S spams ‘:l_:3\'9r d2: L.:Br 12>?qu C: : L: :Cfc; (Listbynene, symbol endnunber of hits) ' emu: Em m‘ 9“.th acmfifi 10 C‘i‘ZMu‘uv/n e496. .d4_ ‘ lg : : : : : z : #‘fPQWi‘QNQ “'73:; "4+“ ‘li‘Zé: N, LELLLgoLafip-L— LiS‘m’h 345ng -. 2. 61 62 63 6h 6s_66 67 68 69' 70 539.63% wgm;M‘ M: L ;....;....;....;....;....:....i....;....;....;::.; BtSC—tqu—O-Qiurf‘ “33¢" 3 3 ' ' : Ca. I C‘ ‘ 3 Cf "... ‘ 7.1 72 73 75 75 76 T? '{5 T9 50 . .~ ' : : : : : ' ° ’ ' : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT :oooozoeoo:oooo:oeee:oooo:eoeu;oeoo;eeee;no.0;oooo: RECORDE .. :gf :8? ”B! hi! :8 :Cf'e:H‘t?: L. :H‘IP‘J : 95.13.9132; #3 Lue'ffigq=(€h 2 3 5 56 87 83—89—90 . . - ' : : Lunnc'a QPP' : f : : : : : ECME . . ;CTZ-;Brg£Begr; 15' 2W“); H117; Cm»: EMU-hp; 91 92 9L 3" 9’5 96 _97 98 99 100 : : : : : : : : : : : VIGOF. MEASURBENTS QBrmé‘H-jp; Cfgfipfisr; do; are; L. E3696 Ban: 1 Tag; to l-I NOTE: ‘List 666-3669;? speéies at top of «ch block E g: a} ‘~- 3 b 1-7. and circle symbol when dend. L-Litter; RI 2 5g 2' '0 l° g . Rock; P-Pavement; M8140"; Dub I Soil. 5 ‘+ __ -0 he nor CEECK: 5 5" ... an... 1- 0 Annual: 7 44,-.) 4.. o I - $ - 8 3:. 5‘ 3' is l- Forn for recording 9___9:_§: i b - I- 0 information obtnined 1° "'. - in Step One. ”ECOFD 0? EVA)???” LINE WT CUMMCT”‘£““$ Allotments_-_AV- -S»__§L£._ Date "117-in By OKRHQ E C.) Cluster No. 7; l 2 L h S 6 T 8 9 10 Trsnsect No. I with .................... :459: ..... 9%.“: . . . . : BARE SOIL l:- : ::u‘j? qur. “1;“1F:::H‘1P:Hn?- : “if. EBOSIOR PAVEMENT .... ll 12 13 11* -5 16 17 13 19 20 ROCK -— : : : : : : : : : : : LITTER l a: :.. . . . : ........................................... MOSS ‘- :H~u7_: I— 1th: “1?. MP. ”‘9: “39:31:": 5'52. 15"“: 9mm nmsm mm ('32:: 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL t 0 C/ : : : : : : : : : : : FOFAGE DENSITY INDEX A : .................... g ................ : (moms com max _13__ : ‘- : L- The: ‘13? H»? S t: .5 4w. *‘n’: '/ : omsmnx ___4; 31 3_2 33 31* 35 36 37 i5 )9 he UIFDERSTORY _£_';L_ :....:....:....:....:....:....: ................... : SPECIES : L. :quLBrir: 3'16 ‘> :“N P: ”11>: ”1?:sf: ‘m‘ir: List by none. symbol and number 1.1 1.2 1.3 m. 1.5 1.6 1.] 1.8 H119 .50 of hits) :Ergr: 3"”; “1?: 1467:? tnqn: 5n": 5. 9.: 5"}: Br '1r 9'“): #5“. - Lann. G $5.43 2 I 51 52 53 5h 55 56 57 58 59 60 l. , : : : : : : : : HjPer {hi-7 anO’UCrG‘ifldflfalp EL}; 3‘65; 1' L £13745; ' 'L' 23'6er 3.54;; T411}; 341.}; (basalt. ... :1: M “0:01.25. 61 62 63 6h 65 66 6" 68 69 JO .- : : : : : : : : : : : \"\(\IC’\ ncS - no il-St 1‘5. .......................... “u:....z....:....:....: \ 3% $1qusz H‘IP: L- ," : ) :NVP: L : S : u. iSC (17$ 5) 3) " J1 72 73 7'- JS 76 77 L5 79 80 :0“: : : ° : : : RY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT .......... :....; ....) ....g....: ....g.... .... :....; RECORDED ' ::L .L : C «'it “127: L : L.“‘1P:'HP:HVP:H:OP: Ark-sing: mgsve (Athng'b't 51 62 83 81s 05 a? 87 83 '39 “,1- , . . : : :. : : : : : : : : {‘2‘ "he“ “CW-'4 M C“ CR ‘12 H19“. H19: 3‘17: H‘jf’: H‘H’: C—Ma: (Mn: H19 LTQ 91 92 93 9“ 95 96 37 98 99 100 : : : : : : : : : : ' VIGOF. W ;._:_.--.:_.-_.:---:---- »: . : _:.—:......:.——-¢ Roj‘ Cm. AL— :Hflfl H‘LF: "W: L- :"H KH‘LRK‘U': HP: S‘l’fljfi 1 31;) - HO [- 1 " f 2 ‘5 ‘ {-90 1'0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of esch block 3 34 be 1'! and circle symbol when desdg L-Litter; PI 14 7": b‘O PO Rock; P-Pavement; ”When 90:31.8 Soil. 5 2"; (:.‘O 4.1 DOT CECK: 6 ‘31:- b O I 'l Annuals 7 T 2.; b C (‘0 8 3'5 4.: x) L 0 Form for recording 9 3'5 (9'0 '—" information obtained 10—2'0 E ‘0 “J in Step One. Total 84-0 (41.0 ‘0 6 Avg. Max. '3 1&0 b no Li PECOPD OF PEW'ANEIW LINE TRANSECT CylM‘Tth-Ous Allotment 5M) w;“_»_1u_§__ Dnte_L_L11.jj‘Z By Okhfioi EC.) Cluster No. I.» J. 2 3. 1! 5 6 7 8 9 10 Transect No. 2.. : : ' : : z : : Lfiécuflz : :.... ..................... .....z....: BARESOIL 11 ::‘45 ‘-‘1 65.41.. C15»: MW: bvqr: Cit- . : (___. EROSION PAW -.. l]. 12 13 111 L ’3 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK ‘H‘l . . :LM: : : : : : : : LITTER :....:....z...:?....:....:....:....: ............. MOSS : L :Bffin : L- : Cm: I-—: ‘— : L. :Brt}: L-: PIANT DENSITY RIDE)! 21 22 23 2h 25 2f 27 25 29 30 TOTAL I O : ‘ : z : : : ‘ : . : : : : FORAG‘E DENSITY IRDEX —§'La— (“WC"“(M ”Cram”... (mourn) com max ____'.;>‘____ : :kzgzw'rzL: : :L: :L: ova-15mm _LL_ 31 32 33 3h 35 36 37 38 35 Ho mmzasroar 425 :....:..‘..:....z.....:....:.,..:c ................... SPECIES : L, : Cm: L. : C—‘Mn L: L- : C'N: H30: Hm): HVP: ( ..ist by name, symbol and number L1 he n3 uh ”E5 15 L7 15 b9. <50 of hits) :‘H‘LL “1P: . 77: 8'92: L: L—- Brae Brit: L—z H1" (qmbcl'oelm #25315 e 3 C “MA-ta M “‘3” “.6'6‘4—{j _ 61 62 63 614 65 H66 67 68: 69 70 ' :CMn : : : : : z : : (hWLUM <49: Ctr. '-'- O 0 one. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ;B"W; :L- _kcflfi me L—‘. L donutsrqs L: LCUWHQ szLA 2 I 11 72 73 7h 75 Tc 7 T8' 79 80 ' ' ’Cr-vl LA: ‘ ' = = : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES 2m l‘050r}1.:;:.l.--.;.."I.--.-.:....:....: “4b:gr.‘i'.L.; .£.f H;l}.’; RECORDED 01'328815-35:7g o '. . . , 3 :9: : 3.;379: L\.L«._u°ckfpus.uu . . : . : . . VIGOF. MEASUREHEIFPS ‘7‘ . , . : ‘ :.. : : J: '.' '. ' Cab-n R'L— “'4' :F’rfli’: E : L : L— : "b‘lfi: “WNW-WY: H19: H‘f?:#~4fi: 1 (L.- o [.1 LL'S‘ #6— 2 E 1 f‘ 1' O 3'5 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 j... I 1.; M6 and circle symbol when dend. L-Litter; R: h (.2. 1H «35" Rock; P-Pavement; tit-Moss; Dash I Soil. 5 {-41 1. c u 5‘ DOT CPICK: 6 J- 9 Lo wk Annuals T ‘0‘ '0 [.5 LBS L. - 0 .2 o C-o Form for recording 9 (”-0 [-1 5"0 information obtained MO I 1 1.1."), in Step One. Total a). O to. § 51‘ L 6 0 Avg. Max. PECOFD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT consaé'u‘m-eod Allotment £51!- SuoggfiL Date ”115-7- !77 By emu-‘09.. 61.5. Cluster No. 3 1 2 3 h s 6 7 a 9 1o . Transect No. 55 : : ; z : : : : : C _- :o%:oooo:oooo‘oo ”W 20...: o:oooo:ooof‘:q BARESOIL lb Lama... :.::L-ei- Tiny: L .Cmn: : EROSION PAVEMENT ..LL 12 131k '3 16 11 18 19 20 nocx . . . 3C“ a I (an hf 303$ : L- :3“? L: L- :315r:qucfir§r: L- : : : PLANT DENSITY INDEX 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL WFFEH‘F C 1..., ‘ . Kl» a. 9m; 4“,»; ~ 3 3‘“ “3 £333.35 Eggmimnggm :L- 15g: L: : : : L : L- : : OVERSTORY 31 3_2 33 31* 35 3? 37 33 39 “0 URDERSTORY ...... CMC‘MMCA‘» ”3’3; smzzs :And: : : :Bfi‘m 3“]: L. : D : : (List by none, symbol and number 1.1 $2 1.3 ha 15 116 L7 18 1:9 50 ‘ of hits) . . . . . . . : : : . Lh-Niu'c‘. -L.;f t I :-...;A111;....:....:....:...1.:1...:....g....;...o; . . :Mdzbflip knit: L :qu': Km; B.°:§L:P)‘§J:B-‘chp>lgn cementum ficfjn ("-“Sa(£m‘3-S— 41 52 53 5h 55 46’ 57 58 59 6o ' ‘ ' = (1.1391...ch =21; ““939" 9°‘!°~~$="W’= {=— I O O . 0.0.0.000... O. I. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O ..... I 0000000 MQL ---r . L; :AL: (Tie uo'umst Ci? 3. 3 61 62 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69 70 . : : : : : z : :Cm; CMq 5!;th 5.3? a i) :'L Eéé'ééq'fmél'r'glgfgfi'éjr"a." " '2 gfiuecianes sg- Qt 1 I 11.75 73 7h 75 76 TL 76 79 so * : : : : : : : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES RC? ;00 o ”0000:0000: ooo'ooo o:oooo:oooo; RECORDED L. CANCnn: L:;:"'I‘1C:“01:C:~n ngf‘lf , ' b1 82 33 8:. 85 86 87 83 253 90' : . . i . : 3W . . I . . t b 2 L- '3‘Q‘ \ ”14¢: (14¢: (aflgr 5M1: C'u...‘ (5:411 91 92 91..)1‘ 95 96 9? 98 99 190 : ::W‘ (conic mm: Cu.“ . h I ’ A14 :31: Can; L; L 1.. L'. (...; : : : 1471: 4:9 FL. 2 I." S‘ [9 ' D l L l ‘ NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 Cf 1'71; _L0 Q; and circle symbol when dead. LILitter; ‘18 1: 6'9 :7 - a 1 ~‘D' Rock; PIPaveznent; Mardoss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 5'; IE - c- be. DOT CHECK: 6 (‘0 1h - '0- 1.1.7; Annual! 7 5:1) 4‘" O J. ___‘ J c i‘ m .‘1 t ‘ C?“ Form for recording 9 9.1% if ' O P. ,' intonation obtained 10 49‘": 1 L‘ D ('0 in Step One. . ,‘ Total 5.15. J5‘Lb '01:: Avg. Max. ‘35 ”3°40 l°£$~ ”ECOPD OP PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT Ccmruzt' Tm; m- s 3.) Allotment MN- 3.41-1.19 Date _I 121." [31 By (”1.111311 1:1‘ 1- Cluster No. -- 1 2 3 11 5 6 7 8 9 _10 Transect No . ~2- fkflfln: ' BARE SOIL I9 :51: b L L L- .543; L:g"1r§Cm;1: zaoszon PAVEMENT — .lL.12 13 1h -5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK - z : : z : : : : LITTER (9’ :....:. .:....:K ...:....: .: MOSS _ L'btgvdr=u‘17:cf‘ic+¢i Dig-51.111: L- . CM PLANT nmsm nmzx --1 21 22 23 2h 25 26. 27 .23 29 jo TOTAL _ Cf" - - : - - - . FORAGE nmsm mnzx 74' . :...:oooog ................................ : GROUND COVER INDEX 3 : L : L :75 -LB:qr ) (144: D: > P “1:015!!me __§_ 31 32 BL 31‘ 35 Jb 37 35 “J9 110 UNDERSTORY __é;£>___ ...:....: ....... .39.“: ......... . .:. .:....: SPECIES :bulg:L:C};:1>: :31“: ”117. CMK P : :00; : ( gist by name, symbol and number h2 as L6 L7 as L9 0. hits) '_>‘SC(|IS 2‘13.) 3 CI ”-IQ'fi’gfifl:2.}.;_"(}_.;_"I"LQ°t-';f5°r";é°\13'{z'§°; (‘J‘e “:L‘w‘ ’C’Z 1 3.? $+¥i Ckhos $111.33.") “ ......... b; ;+ ,-., .~ .. :BVQh C121: (#2.: (:13: C12: 7531301}: “-jkcilfifivlr fi £9,551.35; n.‘r~'bn"23us.‘f¢ a: ,5 1. c 61 . 62 63 6 . S 66 67 : 68 ..69 70 H‘VPerhlonfl InvoluCrc+aaflvof1 Vé;...i...éfi‘.(.;n.. ...-(AééEoEi—CO. 06%: 06.0%; {UC'I’cv'a ';\d'm.w' .4 J]. 72 73 7-1 75 36 7LTS J9 80 ............................... Fifi-:2 9.1.1; $521.. w ”mlg’gcrgzniimm m :62: L. (Abate L Ch: ct; - : A .Lgcurmrms 51 82 83 8h 85 66 87 83 83 JO 7 . : ° - : :° : : : : : fiflfiki“ (41591“: - (60 ICMn. .(un. . - :(Mn: : L: ,:d¢: C143,: L:B(1.,.¢.C£:Cna LCmQQ ‘:P' 91 92 93 9“ 95 96 97 93 9‘2 100 ' : VIGOR FEASURMNTS ...;(f-v“ Cola A i (2 - A'L. £35151 “1? L 1— st 771.11%“1PCR:BF§ 1 2 41 " 1'3 l- I NOTE: List over-story species at top of each block 3 7 9' :L l-L and circle symbol when dead. “Iv-Litter; 1?- h ‘7'; 9. .3 11! Rock; WEP-Pavement H-Moss; Dub)“;- Soil. '3. 5 3‘0 J.- o \1( DOT CHECK: . 6 'z. b 110 J -0 Annuals T 1?- D 3.2; [10 6 K ‘L | ' (I “ 1 Form for recording 9 '7' f 1 3' ' “9 information obtained 10 "1"1 ; '° 5 W in Step One. . ' Total ‘77-.3_Q:h . O [0 '5 Avg. Max. “17; ::L- co (~95; PECOPD OF PERPANBNT LINE TRANSEC’I‘ LMNMMMLn—Mbfirar ambgeénggymx 31 32 “#33 3h 35 36 37 ”33 39 7:0 UNDERSTORY bzhfluem Allotment My_ Date _\J_3—~+ 17'! By 0km. EC-S Cluster No. ‘ 1 2 3 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 Transect No. . :LVI: ' : ' ' : : : : :....: ...:....a....:....:....:....:....:....:....: BARE SOIL Si : :bMd: L:M%L:MMM:Br3r sacszon PAW -— ll. 12 13 1h . 3 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK ‘- ' - : z : : : : : : : LITTER a; :...:....:....:....:. ..:....:....:....:....:....: MOSS — :gvm': L : jl__._:b :5~4:Cmq: L.: L. :6“; Cu; PLANT DENSITY max '23" 21 22 23 2h 25 203’ 27 2 29V 30' TOTAL r00 : : z : : z : ' : : ' FORAGE DENSITY INDEX 42— __‘3.‘__ .41.:— ............................................. SPECIES 5"": MAmd And Md: Pmd: EM A'nd;M :A‘Nji (List by none, symbol and number LI 1:2 “L3 u 1:5 1:6 17 '43 ”L9 ofbits) :btéf .............. ‘ ........ ‘ ............ ‘ 'La""“‘ SM'L" ” 2';th 'A'mdg w:§:°«d MSW V) Mfimd Mnbogg» wwde-deez :51:52:53:$h:55:56:57:58;59:60: Hat—Isa; Sty-M”?- : 00:000.:000-:ooooioooofoooo:g;co: llflthVf‘tu"qunDCax?Nun.-lnz’.l 62 .63:61:. 65 66 67 68: (>5wa gdmsm-Cung Em Emrgmummmm ' @9136: °°°° gig: Nswhs w-D- ~9- J1 72 73 7‘: 75 76 71 7s 61 : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES SGT ............................................. ; RECORDED MM €39. we MIN 8 mod Mhd: .C“.€S 33 :03. 7_.t : Ek‘kmcka'CM—éq 413E "LI. ' ' L' M M MH-md 66de664 My um; .lnlWVE-AL 9_ j? 93 9h 95 9:) 57 98 99 100 :G 1: : z : : : : :(fl: VIGCR mm MMMMAmA—«dwhdam Tag 6.;- 6...; L5. I 9.4,, l- c:- NO'l'E: List overstory species at top or each block 3 g 2. 3:0 ('8 and circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; R8 h 5: I a-S l' 3 Rock; P-anexnent; Haldoss; Dash I Soil. 5 C— 0 Quit " 6 DOT CHECK: 6 '90 x. 5’ c - S Annals T 6-0 4. (a ‘ ' S‘ 8 Ea 51:? 1.1, Form for recording 9 12'? ‘3"? 9" O intonation obtained 10 5'0 3 D i- D in Step One. Total 5'0- 4- 1’? Q l8- 0 Avg. Max. 5.6g :55, 1. so “BCOPD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT DfiTfi-‘hum Allotment WW>___'~_fi_-:’> Date 1‘ 213171 By OKM-‘oK 6 -C.‘J’ Cluster Ho. ' 1 ' 2 3 1: j 6 7 5 9 10 Transect 36. _Z m.:?R:P.TC.’(....,.. e:..-o:oooo:oooo:eooo:oeoo: WSOIL : : : :M:M:N: L- :L- :Ntw: EROSIOK PAVEMENT _— lln 12 13 1h L3 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK "‘ : o : z . : 1 : : z o LINER 1g .............................................. MOSS ""— ;;—Pb 1.,I_ g-bMMAmdA-JM l_. meomsmnmzx To 21 22 23 2h _25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL '° ° - : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE 9226er INDEX {EL :coo:oeoozoeoo:ooeo:ooo~:...-:..cozoooe:ooeo:ooeo: Gnomm com INDEX Eh :Afidthqfid: ’— : L : L— :Pfi‘dzw: L- :L— : OVERSTORY __=3_ 31 32 33 ab 35 36 j? .38 3? no 6240753st! _'=_7__ 3 ......... SPECIES :L- : (— :;Cmq N: Md: Cmq: Cam: Helm :A-nd: (List by name, symbol and number 61 12.2 h3" ha as in? 117' he 1:9 of hits) IE. : L‘: L :CNLAno‘. :L. Md. NM BN1: chum M6015 » u - .5 51 52 53 5h 55 56 57 58 59 60' - : : : : : : : : :ngggy‘n QSdMid’gsflda 4.5 Q'LL°;°:3"';'¢~'1;2'ALA;'LL';E§"g'i§ééiéfiéééfié'é,§eii (Zn-53,13,” gqflwcgqc 61 .62 63 6h 65 66' 67 68 69 To 3"“: LfiS'I‘NIIMSb-pp)p -7 : : : :DE: : : : : : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT :’.-00:000.: ...-._....:....g....:....~....;....;....; n RECOfiDED _g :A-vd An& .s: L—: L- : N 53?: L— : hi almfidggwgfis '06 62 83 8h F35 1:6 87 :33 7:3 30 . . . . . . . . . . .. . -4 . . . ./" . . . . . . . ._ :...-2.00.: ........ :....:....:oouo:uaoo:uoon:. on: 1 :pb:h::flmd :NmfidNNGKQ-r M. bum thnusq -:.&c‘ 91 92 93 9h 95 J”: 9? 98 99 100 I :C'E: : : : : : z : :ng‘ . VIGQR MEASUREMENTS r I 1 h 3 r“ :L ::MWWHMCM; E: : l ciO’ }~S‘ lo 2— 2:" L 15 l- 3 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 $4— 7.3; i- t- and circle symbol when deng. LILitter; RI h 5": a-L (- s— Rock; P-Pavement; Mal-loss; 8 Soil. L5 2- 33.4 :5 DOT CEECK: 6 5 - o a . 5 ‘T' Annuals 7 5' 3 3" u 3 8 5‘ 1. 15" I a. Form for recording 9 X' 7- 7"%_ J 1" information obtained 10 5' '9 a.” ' '7:— in Sten One. Total g]. 7 94k 3 n: 3 Avg. Max. in :L- ~68 I-_a_.€s ”ECOPD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT >(‘TMum I Allotment um Date ' ._E'i [:1 By OKM-‘ops- E'C'J’ Cluster No. I l fiz 1 2 L h J 6 8 9 10 Transectlio._§_ . ; L :Ffib_:M:Awd:hd: :N:M:M: 23.051011 PAW ll 12 13 1’4 L5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK ‘— : : ' ' : :bb-z : : : . : LITTER 12 :....:....:....:....:....:....:....: ...:....:....: MOSS '— ::WMfiA-vdHPx-nd :CNQ :B' r: L...: 1...: PLANT DENSITY INDEX 25 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL l a c7 : : : : : 2p : : : : SI : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX fi: g...;....:....;....;....;~.—!“.§; snow-m com mugx 92m 1...: L. :AuAnA: :%.M:Akdz : oms'rony .v2. 31 3 2 3 3 3“ 3 5 ”J6 _25 j9 j 0 UNDERSTORY :....z....:.$.L. .................................... SPECIES : L :N: :erqv: ZN M .M :A-ni :'Cmg ii-Amd ( ist by name, symbol and number 11 1.2 :43 us L6 1“; ha 19 go of hits) ' ' : 2 . 3» : bfiflr'k” MlLTbCAfb-QM hm. 5 MimiMum:".“:"L'.':'+;.:.:a;:;:""": M~Pum 2s-c-T:a; WWMMPMPMPMpRfigjyme 91 92 93 9:. 95 96 97 9e 99' 100 4 ' ' ' . A - : 2 : : mp L Rip. :M:M:WP:"EE:M:M-PMVP:MJ>:M‘P:MP: 10:25; {Ugo ' j 2 a. E 2' 5 I: .3) NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 DOS 15-0 and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; Rt I: 025' 4L0 Rock; P-Pavement; MIMoss; Dash 8 Soil. Leon 2; o M CHECK: 6 O°é§' 3"..0 Annuals E '94:" i.€- o g as 43‘ a Form for recording 22.-{#2- 0 information obtained ‘ ‘ Mb in Step One. PECOPD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT mammwm Mute [b.5431 By QKA-BDR ~50? ¢ Cluster No. l 1 2 3 h s 6 7 8 9 1o Transect n6. 2 :....:....:....g....:....:....:....: ...:....:....: BARESOIL 5 :MD: MP: MP: MP: MP : mP:MP:R‘ir: mp: MD EROSION PAVEMENT ... 11 12 13 13 1s 16 17 i6 19 26' ROCK -- ' : : : : : : : : : : LITTER :——— :. ..:....: ...:....:....:....:....:....:....:....: MOSS - : fi*flh Rflfhééfi>:hf> :"fl?‘:rflf>:8W3h‘NP :C;J :N\&?: PLANT DENSITY INDEX fig: 21 22 23 2h 21 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL : - g. ' ' ' ' ' : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX __flé;___ ...;....;....;....;.... ..... :...-g ............. GROUND covgn INDEX __j115:__ : : :"VD :‘L ovznswoay __;::,._, 31 332 3 .3 unvzasroar .__s;JL__ :....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....:....: SPECIES — :MP: MP: mp: MP: mpsz:Q\1y:M?:1-np:mpz (List by name, symbol and number W1 1:2 2:3 1:1: as as 117 1:5 {:9 _50 of hits) :3!F’:Ewsréwar rng? "VD:‘L9FN Qflp ‘Lqufiu? NW’ n4OMJLgJELEHSEIN1 -’NF’ 3=JZ£+ 51 52 53 5h $531_56 51' sdfii 59 66 p‘ : : ' ' ' ' 2 : t : : : kiln/(«nag bfifligfic -‘8 2351235363239?§R§>°§°~li$§K~£é§M$§3§x§§Kwi$2.kaw-m 6_2‘ 63 6h 65 72 I’13 1h 75 §M§w§-p§ 91‘ 32 93 5h 83' en 65' 66 61 68 69 70 :Méigmriéqéimfiw:~1:w:wmp: 16 n 78 J9 ~83 I . . . ......oooe:cooo ........... :‘kjpzfikFl:f\4>: W\P::h~égégk$>:"\33:fl\b : N3 :"P: NOTE:‘ List overstory species at top of each block and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; 3- Rock; P-Pswemcnt; M-Moss; Dash t Soil. ‘ ‘DOT CHECK: Annuals Form for recording information obtained in Step One. Total Avg. Max. is J KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT RECORDED nvp- :11? Mo 2 66115' 355‘C> 3 oz: 3;; is 9-15‘ ago i <3-:L:? gggflgp 9‘ 35‘ '31.. c: 7 c>-:L¢r E591 c: 8 52.:137 '3::'c> 9 O'KS' jL' ' l£L_£Z;.SEa§_ 3”"C> PECORD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT Allotmentgdafldfl Wika Date .Lbé: I: 2 By ORA-9:12- EQT Cluster No. I 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 9 1o TransectNo. 3 :....;....;.6.6;....;....;....;....:....:....:....: BARESOIL b :MPHKPH‘NL: MP:MP:MP:9‘1P:B"9Y: Mg:m?: EROSION PAVEMENT - 11 12 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK - ' : : : : : : : : : : LITTER -- :....:....:....:....:....:....:....:... :....:....: MOSS -' :Np: Mr» M»: mp: M9: M9: MD: MP: MLMD. mm 1137er mm "3""?— 21 22 23‘ 214' 25D 26' 27' 25 29 30‘ TOTAL I°__ : : : z : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX _ELL :...: co, ...:....:...-:...6:....;....:....:....: GROUND COVER INDEX as :B'm‘: bfigfiahmpflkp . "‘9 : MLMD :Cfll :CQ‘L: OVERSTORY '- 31 32 31 3E 35 35 37 46 #39 no 111792352021 :93. SPECIES :VK—P: MA): MP: MX): GLEN“: £19:qu #139: MP: (List by name, symbol and number 11‘ 1:2' 6LT1’ 1.5 1.5 117' 1:3 19 so of hits) ;P~H?;M;W;MP; Mp: MD:C<1:M.D:M§:W\P: 16.1.26. {Saga-141:]? 51' 52 53 5h 55‘ 56 57 58 59 66 {LL *7? : : : : r " 1; 61 62 63‘ 61. 6s 66 67‘ 68 69 7o 7 : : : : : : : : mmICA'rORSI-Ecnnor :oooa:laos:o 00:000.:0000:000o:0000:0...:IOOO:IOIO: mom” :CT“:MP:C‘-[ :pzr’ar: MP: MD:“’\P:W“P: 91r 92f 93 9B 95 9'5r 97 98 99 10C) : : : ° ° : : : : : ' VIGOF. mm : fi- 4. A : t : 2 2 : 1 NO RH}: :M:M:M:O~%M:M:MD:MP:MD:M£:19.3.: 23"?3 ‘ ' ' ' r ' ' j ' ' 2 o- c___; 3.90 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block M 35 .o and circle symbol when dead. L8]:.itter;'?ilI 1: Q- 25' 3.2. 0 Rock; P-Pevement; M-Moss; Dash I Soil. 5 0:2: 39.13 DOT CHECK: 6 D . 1g 3‘ . o Annuals T n- 31:; 35* ’0 8 D-1<' 1L0 Form for recording 9 0'1! 59° information obtained 10 03$: “'0 in Step One. Total 252 25k 0 Avg. Max. 0: «5“ 5" $9 Allotmenttmm batty Date __‘bil 77 ”ROOM? 0? PEEP‘ANENT LINE TRANSECT Byckfifl '~ :'C- 7 Cluster No. 1 2 3 1: 5 6 7 8 9 10 Transect No. :oooo:oaoo:oosa‘ saoo:asos :asoozosoa:ssaa:oooa:..... BARE SOIL 4:1» 3.2.. P1». P1» F1» Ska-F11; 3‘1an Pb: 2305101: PAW _- ll 12 .13 111 ..5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK -- : - : - - - - - - - LITTER 6 :... ...:_._ .:._._..:.... ................ MOSS '- i312. P1»:1=1» TL. 3'... 3&4 3A6. 32:2.- 71112.1..1-b: PLANT 62.71er mm: E; 21 22 23 2h 25 26 2'! 23 29 30 TOTAL 1 D O - - - - - - - : : FORAGS DENSITY max __‘_?_‘1-_ oaa:ooeo:aooo'osos:oa a esoo:saoa:soos:aoaszsoeo: GROUND COVER msx 42}— in, .3714. 1:11.; 1:1,. TAL: 31:. 336?“. JA( 74>: OVERSTORY - _2L_32 33 3h 35 36 37 43 39 110 UNDERSTORY _g_+_ :....E...... .§....§....§... ...................... spsczzs :JM: JAC—z JACJJAL: Jac: L- L- 1— :JAL: JM: (List by name, symbol and number 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:1: 1:5 1:6 1:7 1:8 1:9 50 of hits) ;:J-.A:c._;.T;;. JJ;.-J.;£=E;C.:T‘;£.;:TAC;' -.|Ac_ JAchsc. grd"n££ CVLGDQJ1§$JACO7S 51:.52 53 511 SS 56 57 $8 59 . ' , . . . 4:...“ ('11:: SNL'S c-fich-tc 111a ~Fb-l: I O O O O O O I“..Ou.......o.- OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O... O. C l. .- 2JA¢:JAC: JAc; JM- 4:11;.sz .TAL JAc. TM. Tag: Uveno (6 56+?! - UL“! 61 62 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69-7 , z . . . : : . : . ‘: quarr ‘12117130 1111 Vc(UCr¢\'b7-HIP» 311;: . L 411L411: L. J14:32¢:TH€-:7”¢ 71 72 73 711 75 TC 77 78 79 80 ' - - - ' - - KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT .............................. RECORDED Ac; JM.'.1";A4 JAcJAC 371.2 Tag. .8319. H‘N’ 31¢; 51 82 83 81: 85 :36 87 83 89 9o :;‘..:....:....;....:. ....:....:....:.. ..:... .:.. ..: .JA¢;T.14-.1ac SAL-.1616 AM- JAL .Tac :JAL Isa; 91 92 93 3h 95 96 _97 98 99 100 : z : : z : : : ' ' ' _ VIGOR MEASUREMENTS .__. ..., ._ .__ :’4_ :’Wfl‘ag—:_4 .Acr F—b :JAG : JAC:JAC.: Jan: Jfic: 43¢: 4‘6: JuNAC-z 4‘61 1 3h") ‘1'0 2 54.0 _:'3- NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 34-0 3 '2" and circle symbol when dead. LILitter; R- 11 55-0 3'0 Rock; P-Pavement; McMoss; Dash I Soil. 5 52.4: '33-‘1- DOT CHECK: 6 39.: C) 33'4- Annuals 7 1.1.4.0 3 ...}. 8 31.;- u 3- :2. Form for recording 9 3 b 0 2 ' 3- information obtained 10 3‘20 3'; in Step One. Total 3.1“. O 3:“ 2' Avg. Max. 3 o't- 4&- ?» 'J-D» - ‘ECOPD O? PERMANENT LIPiE TRANSECT Allotmentr‘u-«M tawmnate 3.13;: "’7 By C’KM' 5'07 Cluster flo. ' 1 2 3 b s 6 L 8 9 10 Transect 11o. 3- .:..:uee:e’e_ee{:oe:e‘o-eo:eooo::-oee:o‘:-ee::-:ee:—o_:ee: WSOIL - :J ‘- : 3“: .1112: 4“: J“: 3‘“ :N: J“¢-: “"c-z J“: EROSION PAVEMENT -- 11 l2 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK -- e : : 3 e e . . e o . Lm si‘ ._._...:....:....:....:....:.;_..::..:._._...._;...3... MOSS "" :JA2.: F5 :Ffi :% : 3— _:_J*‘C: *4: 4‘4 ”c 45" PLANT DENSITY Bu'DEX 0. 3. 21 22 23 2h 25 2 27 2 29 30 TOTAL 1° 0 : : : - : : . : roman DENSITY mnsx ‘1 =- :... ....;._ ........ : ................... 5110mm com INDEX l°’~' : L- : l- Pb :1-5 Pb F1»: 3714:1119 WP “‘11": oms'roax __;"_ 31 32 33 3* 35 36 37 _15 39 1*0 UHDERSTORY ,_3_’3_-.. ::_._oe:o-I.oe::.-:eooezeeeozooeo ..... ;eeoo:- no .... ; SPECIES .3132; JM JR.- L— :1— L— :JFc 43¢: ““2 6:1»: (List by name, symbol and number 11 ”'12 L3 nu 15 16 17 he 19 so of hits) FE :F‘L .1“: UL: JM- Jnc J~<.;UL,J1~2.;J&2.:JO¢-d1‘npq ConflOk’MCaS-JK-‘f 51 $2 53 5h 55 56 5'1 58 59 60 a. 3 . . . . . . . : kaficijh‘s dio‘utm -1"b-F{ i'léQi‘ééfia-iéi‘fé"Jiélk‘rié'i‘éj‘friéifJQ'Jéh Ur-eua (aim-(~11 ..uL- 1 61 62 63 6h 65 66 7 68 69 7o . : : : : : - : ' : HjPOVVL£OMa M VtIuCPQ+o~H10- kin-2. TAC. .1912: 1»; JAL‘. .Thcj‘Tpc. Tit-<2; 4A2. 7A2. _11 T2 T3 7!: JS 76 77 78 J9 80 : : ' KEY I‘ ’DICATOR SPECIES HOT :‘.—‘00:- ooooooooooooooo : oooooooooo “-0 o:aeee:eeee: RECORDED , J51“- ; “‘1"- The... L L. : L. -.m.;¢ JAL. .192an»: H 82 83 6b a c6 57 83 C) #0 Q2332. 4112.;" .111-2: 452.; TfiL: 19...; Tag; T52: Jug: 141;: 91 J2 93 9h 95 H96 J? 98 99 100 : : : : : : VIGOR MSW _;i-...-....i.._ ...... 171-2. H .ch : MK 31'"; Jh2.'3'~2.:’.1n-;c. J~¢-Q 3'4; NOTE: List overstory species at top or each block 3 5&- c 3'3- nnd circle symbol when desd. L-Litter; “8 11 3.311 3 - 0 Rock; P-anemcnt; MtMoss; Dash I Soil. 5 3.31 0 :2“ 0 DOT CHECK: 6 is“ o '31-!- Annunls 7 5:. u 3. fl- 8 31~0 7: ' 3» Form for recording 9 364.1 :'>' L information obtained 10 "5““(3 '2" 1 in Step One. Total 241-0 $11-2- Avg. Max. 111.40 '3» 9.3» ”ECOPD OF PEP‘MNEN'T' LINE TRANSECT Allotme:x‘t.F'-f1*_:f_"'n Bum-venue ‘l 1917‘! By change .611 Cluster no. ‘ 1 2 3 1. 5 6 7 8 9 10 Transect no. 3 .000.:....:....‘....:....:....:....:....:....:....: BABESOIL ... :HWP:”‘1P:;\>. Pb. '— : '- Hihf’ angering 33m, mosxon PAW — 11.12 13 1h :3 16 l7 18 19 20 ROCK __:__ : . . e . e . o . LIm IQ :.. ....:....:._...:._,_ ..:._:..:....:....:....: MOSS '- :'3-6 0‘7me Jam: TM.- JM- .JK¢-: L : L :Fb: PLANT DENSITY INDEX 32 21 ‘22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL ‘40 ' ~ - . z . - - - - - romcsnmsmmnzx_fig_ o..:u..0:oooo:oo ..:-coo:oooe:e-o-eo:.:.-:oeeo: momm com IXIDEX {0" , . .3“. ‘5'; 17%. UL UL 32932-2.- UL. oms'ronx '— 31 .33: 33 3h 35 gs 37 18 39 he uwnsas'roa! ___:Lg. 'oooo:ooeo:oeoe:oooo:oeeo:oo oo:oooo:-oo .... 0:0000: SPECIES ::.-AL: JAC: JAC: Jfic- JMxTIM"- JR"- .4“: T'“: “‘94. (List by name, symbol and amber L1 he ”flu L5 1:6 I“? he kg 50 of hits) know; 1.2 I. 2 52.13227“; Pb; Pb; FQES‘i‘Hus dichutua-Fb'“ 51 52 53 5’4 55 56 fl 53 Q9 60 - - : - : ' ' : ' : HYBVFLQ‘fiO l‘hchuu'tda-“jem‘: “TA'cZE's'LLE 17%,“ 3'62 345 '5 AZ Tic: may“. Uwzuq ioim'xq- UL- Ca 61 62 63 6h 65 66 7 68 69 7O . : ' ’ : : ' : : - ° - 3:17?! |$Wfl CenflQ‘QMCLS-k'? sac; firs-ac; 344233 :.-'..;. “-1,, 53;;ng gs-Ag: 71 72 73 15 J5 76 77 78 79 80 : : : : ' ' ° ' KEY IKDICATOR SPECIES NOT :....g.... ....g....:....; "':'.—'-":',.'":' ..-.'.._. RECORDED :F‘": l— . '— :53o€-: $517M»: JwfiJA‘rfi-‘c: JAC‘. 51 82 H8; 8*: 55 66 87 8f 7.39 J0 (31¢. Tag Pb: LIL: L. :13}; :F—;, :Thc:JfiC.Tfi-(: 91 92 9le5 9'5 96 97 98 99 100 ° : : : : : ' : ' VIGOF. WW3 «hr ._ : 1 fl ; 4 : :_fi' . F15 4M: :Jfit-z JAC: M:TM.:TRC:Tfl-C: TM: TM; JR(:TA-c 1 ';.0 2g. c. ‘_ 2 '5-4- 3.9-1:- NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 .9. ~24. 55- c; and circle symbol when deed. L-Littcr; 9- 1: 3% ">5- 0 Rock; PIPavement; M-Moss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 33‘ 3‘1" 0 DOT CHECK: 3 ~k’ . Annuals .4 , ‘3") - Form for recording 9 '3— 3- 3‘? "'5’ information obtained 10 “— '3; '54" 0 in Step One. Total ?>=~-¢L 343-0 Avg. Max. 3’11" '45L'C1.) PECOPD OF PERVAHEETT LINE TRANSECT All.lo1:xnent+hg—MI FcCEST Date _[13-7/ 7] By 0'<*'Pbllé'°C-7'- Cluster No. I 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 9 10 Transect No. I :H‘: : 3 i l 3 2 3 2 3 :oeee:oeee:eooo‘eoeo: coo:oooo:eeee:eooo:ooee:.000: WSOIL ‘fl = :L: L:‘-—:D:‘—-:‘— .L-z '0: mosmnmvw'r ..— 11 1213 1“ ' .5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK — ' : : : : : : : LITTER 2Q :...: ..... fb-looo:ebo'o°:o 00:00.0: oooooooooooooooooooo MOSS _- :big: 5 in: : : L: L—. L. L—o L— mnmsm mom: _§_u_ 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL ‘ 0° : : : : : : z : : b : 15,0: PORAGE DENSITY mnsx _39__ : .,.:....;....;..:.;..!9;....: snow-m com rum-3x I20 :L- :L— :L" : ‘— :bIO: L—: L— :biO: : : OVERSTORY _I_'2_ 31 2 33 31s 35 36 7 38 39 1c- unnsasroax _L3;_ :L: L‘: L- :L—: : z : L-: L- :L- : (List by name, symbol and nmnber L1 —h2 h; M as 116 L7 58 h9 50 . of its) . . : . . P " "‘ ‘39-'36- EL'Q L-E l—E 1.25950; 1- 2L— 2:. § L-E b302¥ms ngfieggm-éfiom 51 ..52 53. S“ 551’56 57 58 S9 60 . . . : Dmkhz? 33(qc‘q -—DN- LL- ”LunLHHL.HHL:HL.:.K;.L.;.L;.L:;.i;; C FFQ-Q C‘P'f; Cb+-L 61 62 63 61‘ 65 66 6? 68 69 70 ELM gum-éG-'I EM 3M: : my: 3 i fbcoi = 4W Y: :L: :L : ‘— :bio: :L- : r3280 (Edam. ‘ .. a? 7h . : : : t : .- : : : KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT :oooe:eeeo:oeee:..-o:I...:ee..:-ooo:oooe:oooo:eoeez RECORDED ~ ALL c." . w ‘ “""° 9'" , : L— L. j_. L. :L “L. : ::biQ Khu‘une-c. - KAI. 91 92 93 31* 95 96 97 98 99 100 : : : : : : : : : VIGOP MEASUREMENTS NP :NP: PJo ;€D1c‘ :'.: 1.: 13,4: A L... -5.0: L .L-: 1 mo ff 7- o . 2 1'! gr! '1 0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 1.0 .. 'L '-1 L and circle symbol when deed. LILitter; R8 it 2-1 1:. 1. 2. Rock; P-Pavement; MtMosI; Dash 8 Soil. 5 :1-0 “-0 1 0 DOT CHECK: 6 33 13.0 '7 a Annuals 7 3.0 1+0 ‘1. O 3 :50 cr‘0 7 .3 Form for recording 9 3‘"? 9"? '7 0 information obtained 10 21 “'U “70 in Step One. Total 9.9 . 4, m. a, ‘70- ‘rb Avg. Max. - 9.09an 1+ Oboe '7'0 RECORD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT AllotmentH‘G-N 5015;: Date 117::ij By 92km .50:- Cluster No. ' 1 2 3 h 5 6 1 8 Q 10 Transect No. ‘2. :....:....:....c....:....:....:....:....:....:....: BARESOIL .- :‘P‘e': NQ—z C4 :COJ'K‘cmz P(..: Ddzbd : L—: L— : EROSIOII PAW? — ll l2 13 118 I 5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK _- - : : : : : : : : : : LITTER 33 MOSS .— PLANT DENSITY INDEX 5 1 TOTAL [0° ' : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX 61““. . - - - - - - - caoum: com max 3°25 :.UQQEMZLJQ a ;Col-; L. .44. (..: oms'roax ___-.0 ' 31 32 JL’ 3? 35 36 37 .18. '9 ho mummy _5__i 1; SPECIES ::L. CaLCoL (ago-(- L: L: l—: L—: (List by name, symbol and number 1.1 1.2 ::h3 nu us MB L7 as .19 50 of hits) : - . - : = : as c 2 Pa a ”+_ :o co :..-.:....3 .... :oooo:oooo:oooo:eooo:’n ..:...o: N ht; ., 13(fim) .Nc-, '51. 52 53 5h:56;:51 58: 59 so haul sm-cbf-g=_+ ::.”.:Hufnu'f.L-.-.:.L ........... I ............... dud/a'ndgq (11¢.b)- 5d ...-7:] 6h 65 66‘1 67 68 69 7P0 \1 aka .a VP _. Psy - . . : : : : :LN: : : : :....:....:. ..:....:. ..:....:....:....:....: ..... ' h. a“; -6 ._ I :R:IDQ:E\I:L:P<:PC: :L;C5F:L.: Q’9 q ‘8' h-u-l n 72 7345 '1: 76 TL 78 49 80 brade.i.‘l,-f-¢ru.54«q_l.$r. I : : : : : : : : : F KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT :oooe:oooo: ..:-...; ..:....:....:....:. ..:...; RECORDED :l—z L:P€:PQ:P<:PQ: L': L:PQ: : (13246.4 mgw. 'u'é aunt-we; Afl“‘°—W‘-—-+3“°' “9 :LszLzL: : : :L: :ECr: quC—(atw F‘t/LW’ 91 92 93 5h 95 96 9? 9B: 90 mo 9’.sz ouncnnx . ' ' : ' : : : : ' : : VIGOP mums u L“. _NP A 1 {LL-{- - I :'PL: L: :'LzL—zk:ikzarzc‘4< : .1...) 9:1 ;-'2.. l 2 9:0 LL}. Di 3 h NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R- )— Rock; P-Pevement; MsMoss; Dash . Soil. 2 '3 =1 4 a: ct; DOT CHECK: 1... g‘- c. S: Annuals Form for recording 3' .. information obtained 0 32" 0 ‘i- 0 'L in Step One. Total 2093 fl-L go‘s Avg. Max. ()MLJ 2519‘! L‘L'c‘b S-Ob ( ob: I'M) ”ECOFD OF PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT Allotment 5193+ 5:25.51 Date _{ _1 3:17 1‘77 By 0 Mg 51,-, Cluster no. / 1 2 3 1' S 6 7 8 9 10 Trunect No. 3 :.Kég. ..:....a....:....:....:....:....:....:....: 13m SOIL ..— L: ”PM? :Uk:NP:NP:Ul-ML :UL: mosxor: PAW -- le 12 13 1’4 L. 5 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK -'"' : ..: .NP. “:93 :Ioss ‘4... ;UL UL:UL.UL:S_~1;;Ca-f- R4. : : : 91.12:? nmsm mnzx 5'32 21 22 23 2h 25 26 211“. 25 29 30 TOTAL I O O . : : - . - : - roman DENSITY mnsx _53__ ...:....;....:....:....: .... .... .... :...-:- o...; GROUND COVER nmEx {9‘2 L EQ: 1.: ~13. NP: NP NP: ax 66.1.: omswoax __L6:__ 31 3_2: 33 3h 35 36 37 is 39 no menswear J;— z....:....:....:....z....g....:....:....:....;.... . SPECIES L—: l— : k: L- (of. L- L—:30r L :(List by 2132-, symbol and number L1 1.2 L3 an L51 th-r 18 L9 of bits) 00 : z : : : . : : : Kk g Sin-gqjcuSLS—sfilz l :oooo:ocoozoooo:oooo:o(o°o£oooo:oc:bo :....g....:.:\:c>; Urxq “Joni“- UL- : ° : : : E g 53:35 $51,- 5:3: [ 3:336; 9' NBcgcdo-vxi a 9:: qugrifirfiofl-Pa a \ 7&6!qu ..P5 2 .:— Calms“: 2.301!“ 1 s! Hams 30.1:1-9.»19-€$-cq-- 9 : r: : : z : : : : = W_ Cof- La K0,; Lug Qatari-aw $15.10*: “ifl é;l\c9'\=- V2! 2 1 KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT RECORDED <31 90 , .. .1)": : : EG: p : L0 b' 03:!“ “F'Lj'md‘; 91 92 93 9h 95 95 _ST 98 09 .100 . V L: L:~7=L =GMLULL ké.L.Q;1__‘1=':—2'° ° 1L 9—‘9 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block L:: :10 LLQ and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R8 10 .. u. :14; g' ‘2 Rock; P-Pavement; M-Moss; Duh II Soil. 5 1. 6 1.9 50 DOT CHECK: 6 5' .3‘ 1.; (...-o Annuals 7 #41 no 3—~_0__ 8 1f a. 2'0 érQ Form for recording -“- 2'9 IL'Q information obtained 10 if» 1- 10 ““0 in Step One. Total 9L0 9.0- c M- 0 Avg. Max. $24 1-0 A 0 PECOFD OF PERMAW LINE TRANSEC'P Allotment®°8l$ NOONPDate LL15 1'72 By bKA-FQL- E—L—T. Cluster No. I 1 2 3 h s 6 7 8 9 10' Transect No. I :H'GL' . . _ :cooa..Ooo:oooo‘oooo:ocoo:oooozoooo:oooo:oooo:oooo: m SOIL : ‘7 41¢ L CZ: 4121 an L . L L. . 39.05101: PAW '. " 11 12 13 1h 15 16 11 18 19 fig; Rocx ' ('4 ° - ° : : - :p+ : LITTER sh :00.-:oooo:aooa:oooo:oooo:o ..:-ooa:oaoo:acoo.ouo¢ MOSS - UL:L:L L.L.L:C2.:L:c~1:' : Pmrnmsmmnnx 'cLQ 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL I O O - : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX ........................... :....g.... ....- GROUND COVER INDEX Ce. L- L L— L L L:L-:§;_’ L. 01123910121 31 3_ 31 317 35 36 AT 35 UNDERSTORY :....:....:.Pt‘§:....:....:....:....:....;....:....: SPECIES :8grgL: L:UL:L: L L :L:L:(Listbynane.synbolandnmber 111 12 73 BL 15 he 17 he L9 50 of hits) : ° = = W P13531395 Aabeusa's :%= 6' : = : Urao Cofiajl‘a ‘ 3 . : : . : L: Wald W”. ('7’ = 2 61.62 63 6h 65 66 6L 68 69 To CLLb-cL‘L W’ CO. = 2 ' : :p‘h: ~ - : - a... m : -.- z ...... 0:00.. :ooao:oooo:.occ:oooo:caoo:oooo :aooo: ‘ W 6:, : L: L: L: L— : L: L : L-z 1—: L : ijz-«bgno P03 gufihfimg’y 4' Mg“, 31 T2 73 J5 J5 TC 77 78 79 80 ° ° - - : ' - : - KEY INDICATOR SPECIES NOT oooooooooooooooooooooooooo :...-0....g...-:....; moanm 3L; 2.4;1£:L. :R;;'R: &’: KR AdinS'on/ ‘147‘Q: d 51 2 81:35 66—87 83 '39 90 , : : : : : : A z§e¢m5 WM ’u'fi. :35: I)" ;-K: .. Q!) nnn g:- OKiK‘ ........ 52-é30;ofi;;5§;02;2 91.92 H91; 25? :9W97 93 9‘) 100 : : VIGOP. MEASUREMENTS : m a C2- 3 #& fig .g§ :L- 813:: ’91:".me : 1 c a C o J- 5‘ 2 "5‘ q‘L J- 5 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 9»? $2] \- to and circle symbol when dead. lit-Litter; RI h H:' j 5-1 F ‘- Rock;&-Pavenent; M-Mosa; Dash 8 Soil. 5 1,; q to An“? DOT CHECK: ('1. S-0 "‘9' Annuals 7 (“2. £14 !~_S' 8 L1- 93 l' 6 Form for recording 9 5‘ ' ° 5:; ° ‘ ' 55. information obtained U"? #1"? "‘5 in Step One. ~ Total 50:0 SD»? 5‘5 Avg. Max. 5.0: Soc’s 1.53 P330?!) 01“ PERMANENT LINE TRANSECT AllotmentEfl-om 13% Date ALE ['72 By DIMA «1'3 1 2 3 h 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pm . ................ : L: :l- L- .L-: L- <.~1:¢.~1:L=-: 11 12 13 1b 415 16 17 18 19 20 ifisl ....... ..:....;....;....If2i ‘ : L- L: L- : L: L 2 L" L" 2 L: 21 22 2L 2: 25 26“ 21 28 29 3o :L'i‘aif'ai't; 'UL‘I'; "LIL: 'E'z'llu. 31 3_2 43 3h 35 36 3Tj8 39 lo ..... i. ......... 3.31:2 ..... B'jnB'flr: L: UL: L: L: L1: L: : L- 111 L2 113 M1 115 L6 11 118 h9A§o Cluster No. I Transect llo. A BARE son. __2_ 2303102: PAW 1Q ROCK _— um “—51 moss 21.11:? 13211er max ‘32—‘6- TOTAL 5 90 20121161: 11214er max 0 (mourn: com max oms'roay momma! _&S;_ SPECIES : (List by name, symbol and. number of hits) Cjfiula w ? CI " 2 Cry-.7603 Zanfigsccggiflg Wfié keg“ npfc: & [Jr-21m (coach: a. (U. :3 CQWI'euW-tm cF-pccam g 9 M44 ni/Lo‘l‘ficq=A-ugz Tl 72 73 4h 75 76 7f 16.19 80 . : m MICATOR SPECIES NOT :0 o o e: eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee momm :L— g L: n:;;C21n::Q.n CZ: L: :L :8er 01 82 83" 8h 85 ‘36 87 88 ::89 9O . . : : : : : : : A? ASA {a 3b., r .:E-PHLaéepo.0éap0.EI-OPO.OEOOpo.ooBO; oooooooooooooooooo l aa Say, a A06". . . L. 91 92 93 .9“ 95 96 97 98 99 400 : - . : . . - : : - GOP. W ' “'1 : : : . . .3 . 1712; PQV-IQ-z. . $1.. :CZ:L:AC: LzL—zczzcz; ' 1 L5 :59 73-;‘O - 2 l 5‘ I; 14+ '0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block l_L_‘aL .C-j. M— and circle symbol when dead. L-Litter; R. h I b“ s- a. 1:4? .. Rock;£P-Pavenent; M3140"; Duh I Soil. 5 I-r c-a. 2.3-0 DO'II CHECK: 6 I~L C‘ .0 2.2. 1 0 Annual: 7 I-s 46-0 2.2; ___L'.h g. a. :.c- 3 Form for recording 2__L5_T__§:_" 1(4) information obtained 10 r.» _5-0 $55.9. in Step One. 5' 4. SD °I Total 1 . . 2H . 0 Ms. M- 1.1-1: Mo PECOPD OF PERFANERT LINE TRANSECT Allotment ngfl'ébgggnate _' [3:5 I 77 By Okfl-AHL- ‘5'sz Cluster Ho. I 1 2 3 1t 5 6 I 8 9 10 Transect No. 3 ;Hze;oooo;oooo;oooo;oooc;oeoo:oooe:oeoo;oooo;eooe: WSOIL I3 : - L - L : f-Bv-gn £— : L: Ra—scfihzrz 1": 2305sz PAVEMENT .. ll 12 13 1“ L5 16 17 418 19 20 ROCK - : : ' : : : ' : 2&2: ' : LITTER £55: :....:. .......:....: ........... ...:.x2.:..,......: MOSS -- :<32.: L-: L-: ‘L-: Cw : Cu : : " L—w PLANT DENSITY IHDEX 13“ 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 28 29 30 TOTAL too : ' : : : : : : : ' FORAGE DENSITY IRDEX :3 :...:ooLo—ozoooogoo -. o- .:....g Izoooo ... GROUND COVER MEX :C-v’: : L-:L- :Ce— Cl: L- L—: L... L— oms'ronx 31 32 33 3h 3'5 36 37 3'8 49 1to momma! _3;3_ L— L. L— L Ca. ~89)" C1: “3?- L-: L- : (List by none, symbol and number L1 1.2 L3 no as 1.6 LLha L9 50 of hits) :oooo:oceo:oooo:oooe: ......... - ......... - ooooo ....- I . . :’;G~:‘L1L:<:=-:C:I-: L’Ls‘C32. L. U”—:<:1L: L— F%€Jbfib4LhS Adlélczn5h$*-‘¥Ebu 6 51 52 53 5h 55 56 SI 58 S9 60 SjnSF—«U'L’H'O libon'm-SL ~ I . . . . . . . . . . . I a , . . . . . . . .Ffiz .Fvé. .r€:\ 4} :....:.o-.:. 00:000.: eeeee :oeoo:oooe:oooo:...-:0000: om 3” I. Q C! :5r9r: L—:‘A<2:C:2u L- L—: l— . L—z : : SfiitfiluLfl iflp a .f'¢.:..o.:....: m 9‘ L—: L—: L—: L.:$m9n l— : : : L- : L—: fl. 92 93 9h 95 36 97 93 99 100 : : : : : : : ‘:p¢af VIGOR HEASUREfiEgaf L e . . . . . L :_ ;-__' _Ph A C.,- . I :CRL :‘241: L. : L— : L- :l—- : Ch.:C1L : L. : 1 #1.8‘ j§°c> fig~=’ 2 0.; 9-3 1-2 NOTE: List overstory species at top of each block 3 I-L‘ L4: 9 _1-8 and circle symbol when deed. L-Litter; R8 h by L9 9-‘0 Rock; P-anexnent; M-Hoss; Dash 8 Soil. 5 941; Soc (50 DOT CHECK: 6 g-b' .532. LL-1_ Annuels 7 I-S‘ 07; L3. 3 g-g‘ iSBC: I; :2 Form for recording WQ ‘t-‘c’ information obtained £2.42 ‘i-D are ' in Step One. Total [539- 5-210 400 Avg. Max. _l-::* 53:2 4.”: ENDIX II P230?!) 0? PERMAW LINE TRANSECT Allotmentp‘fngsIs 661on Date _LL :2 I 7 7 By OkM-‘oa- 50.7 Cluster No. ’ l 2 3 h S 6 T 8 9 lO Transect No.- fl: .ai‘: ......... a . .1 .1. ............................. BARE SOIL : L : : L. L H L. 6'2 L- L- zaosmn PAW I 11L 12 13 1h 15 16 17 18 19 20 ROCK .. :....:....:....:....z.‘..:....:....:....:.. .:....: MOSS -— :LzL:I-: L::?:E-P; Lzm. CELQ. momsmmuzx 35 21 22 23 2h 25 26 27 23 29 30 TOTAL 6 DO : : : : : : : : : : : FORAGE DENSITY INDEX __3_£-_ : :....:....:....:.:-o.:....g....:....:...-:.A..: GROUND COVER INDEX 52 :E-P:E_P:§'P:EP:CP:E'P:E'P:E'p:Ep::-P: OVERSTO‘RY _S__ _3;_32 33 3h 35 36 37 38 W o momma! _§_I___ :EP: E9: E”: 59: EP: 69: H: E'p: 39:30: (List by none, symbol and number 1*3 :‘5 of hits) : P66 3'» . =6“ ...u..t:...coé=...¢3..éi..oé.p.éééé. .élof. .éa; urqa ‘— '8 51 52 53 51‘ 55 56 57 58 59 50 , : : : . : : Odo-n ' 1- = ;"rax‘éa'sug'"';2x.:.;;b'2;;2'7;;'6'¢; 6' 666- - -6- 6; 62 63 6h 65 66 67 68 69 To ‘ 3,6,0- (‘c_ . 7 3 = ' ', 3 :PQ: ‘ ‘3 ‘ 3W1.— 2°GZZUL°§NZXR¥MEM £232."; ' ' If y." .I 11 72 73 Th 75 76 II 78 79 80 ° - - ' ° : : :pi‘fi' : : IE! INDICATOR spasms NOT :...-goon.;oooo;oooe;oooo:ooeo:oooe:noon...-0:0000: moanm €115,219: E-Q 22.: C2; 1.: 1.; 8&3 .610; fig: Ema gaging-Ad 82 83 8h 35 86 57 '39 J0 . : : : : : : : : : : : Cnmv’fi/am w -‘ 301' :05?:ooaoao:0é:oo£:oeoo:oooo:oooo:oooo:ooooiéif 9132953 9 95 9 97 9 99100 QQQ‘QLL43i334g‘g;._sL :C'Z:CQ:CO.:L.:E3°:EP:ULJL:EP:L-:L—: 1 -b (.L'L ”-0 NOTE: List overstory species at top of «ch block 3 [.2 :‘!,-g 1.3;- 2 and circle symbol when deod. L-Litter; R- h b: q: 7.74.- o #- RockngOanenent; M-Mou; Duh . Soil. 5 l. -, 1 :11. a DOTCEErK: 6 r: S‘oo 7.13.43 Anal: 7 l - q» r-o 2.0 '0 . 5 I. 5. :.o .23;- 0 Form for recording 9 ['5 9.2 ‘3- 0 information obtained 10 o "e 59 D 2...}. ' o in Step One. Total I; ‘1" 54 O 99.3 0 Q Avg. Max. 1.53; g”- *9 3.3-3 Q OmH an won on no: nNN 0.. non 82 «339m 83. 2325028 mESEcEmao 8. 353.64.: «E? 3N5 95:28.: $2.32an 80030330803 300380088000 IHIH 0000000 I“ m 5% 3°°88 00 U\ 800830 00 UN 1 ”V2 w 4 II‘ o 8 o o o o o o o cm. o 8 o o o c 3 9. on on . o: On on on 3 on on o o o o o 0 on 8 on on 8 mm. o o N on 8 ow o o o o: 3 On on om ow o o o o o c on 8 on o o 0 on 8 on «1 8 9 up w. . r Esme IEQSDCI 2°8322°°°°°2 20202 ‘1.‘~Lfi8 HOWE Q°°8 8°“31-‘GRRT8 S°832$°° n0 \0 a. D a I "H IBS‘i'I / N31528: .358: mic 22:2...» Ea. no waooam a H H xHazuumme. o O n o S O n a m o o a o onoom a 22.3 6 3 6 o n a m n 6 o 0 o o n o ~ 6 a m 7w m m . H Q=H&;N\C>€Blfi<3 “.0 0'6 “.9 0 6.9 0 6.9 0 32°98 com: com: aoz go: no a 0 d ¢N mm hw cm mm :N AN NN AN ON "‘iflillfififlflfliflgfflwgfiiwwi“