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74&/0'4,%.4,!412"1C41',F!#/8,B$%.,2$14),70%,3","34,FE4%',701346(),Clifford Geertz. The
Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Basic Books, 1973. Pg.440.
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)-$'(,-& 4"'*6+96& #.& )-6& B"**6++"(B& #//$'#9-6!>& #& $6*#)"'+.-"/& 8/6+96$& /"9=6!& (/& #+!&

12&76&#*.'&$6/'$)6!*%&-#!&)-6&!"#$#%&'()#*%+$,"(#*-(&.'(+!)$#9=&/*#%"+,&)-$'(,-&

-6#!/-'+6.&#.&-6&9#$$"6!&'()&-".&#))#9=0&S6)#"*.&*"=6&)-6.6>&-':646$>&,6)&"+&)-6&:#%&'A&)-6&
/$'A"*6&9$6#)6!&@%&)-6&/'/(*#$&+#$$#)"46&)-#)&-#.&#&)6+!6+9%&)'&/(.-&"+)6$/$6)#)"'+&'A&
.9-''*&.-'')"+,.&)':#$!&#&9'+!6B+#)"'+&'A&/#$)"9(*#$&A'$B.&'A&/'/(*#$&9(*)($6&)-#)&!"!&+')&
%6)&6T".)0&
1D&?#$@#$'&:#.&#&.)#$&B#$=.B#+&'+&-".&-",-&.9-''*J.&)#$,6)&.-'')"+,&)6#B0&
1H One of the most famous attacks at a school was that in Bath, Michigan in 1927. School board

member Andrew Kehoe detonated three bombs, killing himself along with forty-four others,
because he was upset about the taxation required to fund the school’s construction.
69

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70

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/+$/+"+//$+//& ($& )*+& .5:+-)& /#$%& :3& 7#4./($%& #$& >5+$4+,B/& 5+,7#,2-)(6+& )++$& $(*("(/2;&
M+"0#7&+85"-($/N&&
D& '-/& 0#($%& -& ,-0(#& ($)+,6(+'& ($& !)"-$)-& '()*& O($%+,/& -$0& )*+,+& '-/& -& )+"+8&
2-4*($+&:+/(0+&2+;&D&,+-0&()&-/&()&4-2+&#.);&P#)&"(9($%&H#$0-3/&-/&-&,+-/#$&
7#,& 0#($%& /#2+:#03& ($& (/& -& :()& /),-$%+;& D& '-/& )*($9($%& -:#.)& ()& #$& )*+& '-3&

?@&EO("2/&-$0&$#6+"/&-,+&/#2+)*($%&"(9+&,-0-,&/'++5/&#7&)*+&/#4(-"&-)2#/5*+,+1&/+$/()(6+&)#&

5-)4*+/&#7&).,:."+$4+&-$0&)*+&2#6+2+$)/&#7&"-,%+&-(,&2-//+/;I&Kirby Farrell. Post-Traumatic
Culture: Injury and Interpretation in the Nineties. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998.
Q%;R@;&
71

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30
It is similarly difficult to include the bulk of school violence in the U.S., which is far more
pedestrian – to the extent that violence can be categorized as such.
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34

The beginnings of that flattened imagistic space in relation to school shootings appear and
open alongside the attacks discussed in Chapter 2 of the present study.

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46

In a sense this echoes the previous chapters’ discussion of the changing news norms
responding to the popularization of citizen-journalism through our auto-surveilling social media.
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62

Of those that do exist, Kathy Sanford and Leanna Madill’s “Resistance through Video Game
Play: It’s a Boy Thing” is an excellent study of the possibilities such performance can bring to
bear, though it isn’t couched in the study as performance. Canadian Journal of Education.
Vol.29, No.1. 2006.

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