ABSTRACT A STUDY OF SELECTED GENERA OF THE FAMILIES CDNATUZYCACEAE, NESUTAENIACEAE AND DESMIDIACEAE IN MONTANA BY Dennis Cobian Jackson The desmid genera included in this study, in their respective Families, were: Family Conatozygaceae: Conatozygon; Family Nesotaeniaceae: Raye, Cylindrocyetis, Spirotaenia, Netrium; Family Desmidiaceae: Actinotacnium, Penium, Closterium, Sninnclosterium, Pleurotaenium, Trioloceras, Tetmemorus, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Xanthidium, Arthrodesmus, Staurastrum, Dnychonema, Sphaerozosma, Spondylosium, Hyalotheca, Bambusina, Desmidium, and Cosmocladium. The primary objectives were to record the desmid taxa encountered, citing distribution; to prepare an inclusive list of these, integrating the previous records with those of the writer; and to prepare illustrations of the reported taxa indicating, wherever possible, the morphological variation found. In addition, the findings were to be compared with those of other investigators of similar and/or related problems in other parts of the United States. Related ecological data (pH, total hardness, etc.) was also to be gathered whenever Feasible. fl___ L _ Dennis Cobian Jackson A wide range of habitats (numbering 202 collecting sites) was 8am- pled, these occurring throughout the state, although more heavily con- centrated in the northwest. They included various lakes, ranging from oligotrOphic to eutrophic, reservoirs, begs, ponds, sloughs, swamps, marshes, rivers, and other aquatic or semi-aquatic situations. Collecting techniques varied according to the conditions existing at the sites. In general, however, an effort was made to obtain such samples as plankton, scrapings From coatings on submerged vegetation, squeezings of Sphagnum, Utricularia or other aquatic plants, and bottom sediment samples. All of the author's collections were obtained during the summer months of 1961, 62, 63 and 64, with as many as possible examined in living condition. Eventually all samples were preserved and later re-examined. material contributed by other collectors, as well as desmid illustrations made by others was also studied. Illustrations were made and measurements recorded for the desmid taxa, and these served as the basis of identification. Selected examples , of these figures are given in 114 plates accompanying the text. Given for the taxa, in addition to figure number(s), and measurements are: author citation; any notes, observations or comments on the taxon; distribution by county; vial collection number(s) from which illustrations and/or measurements were made; and previous reports of the taxon in the state. A total of 557 taxa (317 species, 176 additional varieties, and 67 formae) are reported. Among these, two species, four varieties and seven formae are new, and three new combinations are made. The majority of the taxa treated are only known from the northwest, and a short discussion of the general distribution of the desmids of montana is given. Dennis Cobian Jackson Maps are presented of the division of the state within general con- tinental classification, major mountain ranges, collection localities, average annual precipitation, generalized geology, state climatic divi- eions, great soil groups in associations within soil regions, major water features, hardness of the surface waters, and the number of desmid species encountered at each collection locality. Two tables are included, the first summarizing the desmid flora presented in the text; the second summarizing the number of species, by genus, encountered at each collection locality. A STUDY OF SELECTED CENERA OF THE FAMILIES CONATOZYCACEAE, NESOTAENIACEAE AND DESmIDIACEAE IN MONTANA By Dennis Cobian Jackson A THESIS Submitted to 'Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Botany and Plant Patholoqy 1971 © Copyright by Dennis Cobian Jackson 1971 @— i, ' ;;::::lllll“|I:::__Fl____ Dedicated to Evelyn, David and Mari. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank: Dr. G. w. Prescott, under whose supervision this invemigation was undertaken, for his assistance and advice, for placing at mgdisposal his desmid library, iconograph, and Montana collections, for hieunfailing friendship and numerous kindnesses over these many years. Dr. William 8. Drew, Head of the Department of Botanynnd Plant Pathology at Michigan State University, for his advice, andéds help during the absence of Dr. Prescott. The other members of my graduate committee, Drs. Robefi Ball, John Seaman, Henry Imshaug, Irving Knobloch and Brian Moss, for'tmir help and assistance. To all of the above for their seemingly endleespatience. The University of Montana Biological Station at Yellmtaay, Big Fork, Montana, for providing research space and facilities. Collectors and contributors of collections used duringthe course of this investigation (especially Mrs. Marie Mooar and Dr.Ihvid Kidd). Mrs. Ruth Alford, Norm Andresen, Carlos and Rosa Bioufiu Bill Davies, Janice Slime, Ron Hoham, Joan Irish, Julie Hitt Klee, Russfblberg, Janet Vernon, Dr. william Vinyard and others, for their helpful suggestions, encouragement or assistance, during the years that have elapsed. Miss Margaret Shea who Opened the first door. Thank you Evelyn. iii iv This investigation was supported in part by a fellowship grant (NP-26-081—01A1) from the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Division of water Supply and Pollution Control; a Sigma Xi, RESA Research Award; and a National Science Foundation Summer Fellowship for teaching assistants. LIST OF LIST OF LIST OF Chapter I. II. III. IV. VI. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLES OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOO0.00.0.0....0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOO mApS .0.0.0...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOIOOOO...O... pLATES .00.0.0.000...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.00.00.00.00...O... INTRODUCTION OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HiStorical RGViBW I.00.0.0.0...0.0.0.000...0.0.0.0000... Scope 0? the Study 0.0.0..OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.00.0... METHUDS AND pRDCEDURES OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Chemical and thSical 00.00.0000...0.0000000000000000... Biological 00000000000.0000000000090000.9000000000000000 GENERAL DESCRIpTIOH 0F MONTANA coooooooooooooooootoooooooo phy51ography 00.0.0...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOO00.0.0.0... Climate COCOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.00..O...OOOOOOIOIOOOOOOOOO... vegetation 00.0.0000...OOOOOOOOOOO0.00000000000000IOO... GBOIOQY OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 50118 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOI...00......OOCOOOIOOOOOOOO0.0.... water 0..00.00.000.000.0000......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00...... DESCRIPTION OF COLLECTION LOCALITIES ..................... RESULTS AND DISCUSSION O..OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOCCO SyStematics 0.000000000000COOOOOOOOI.OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Ecology and Distribution ............................... SUmmARY 00.0.00...00......00.0.0000...OOOOOOOOCOOIOCOOOOOC pLATES 0.0.0.0000...00.00.000.00...0.......00....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO LITERATURE CITED OOOCOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOO0.000CCOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.0... APPENDICES O...OOOOOOOOOIOOOIOOOOOOOOOOIOOOCOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I. II. Explanation of Ciphers used to Describe Geology .......... EXplanation of Ciphers used to Describe Spils ............ INDEX To TAXA OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOO0.0....0O...00.0.0...00...... V Page vi vii ix 5? 57 356 374 377 607 624 624 629 633 Table l. 2. LIST OF TABLES Page Summary of the desmid flora of Montana included in this study...352 Number of species per genus at each collection locality ....... 363 vi a..- .¢4_i Map 10. 11, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. LIST OF MAPS Page General Continental Classification......................... 18 Redrawn from: N. Helburn, M. Edie, and G. Lightfoot, "Montana in Gaps", 1962. thSiographiC Diagram...................................... 20 COIlGCthfi Localitiesooooo0.000000000000000cocoa-000000ocoo 21 AVUI‘age Annual preCipj-tntionooooonooo0.00000...900000090000 22 Redrawn from: Clicqtg and Van Yearbook 31 Agriculture, 1941, Generalized CGOlOgyooo.a.......o..........o...o.o.o..oooo.o 23 Adapted fron: Helburn, et a1., 1962. tate Climatic DiViSionSOOOOOOOOOOOO0000.00.00.00OOO_.OO..O. 211 Great Soil Groups in Associations within Soil Regions...... 25 Adapted from: "Soils gf_the Western United States? 1964, [fiajor {cater FeatureSOOOOOOOCCOO.00.0.00000000OCOOOOOCOOQOO.O 27 Adapted from: N. Helburn, et al., 1962. Hardness of Surface Waters................................. 23 Adapted from: E. Ackerman, and G. Lof, Technology in American Water Development, 1959. Geographical Distribution of Genatozygon.,,,,,,..,,...,.,,, 66 Geographical Distribution of figxg.......................... 66 Geographical Distribution of Cylindrocystis.....,.......... 7O Geographical Distribution of Sgirotaenia................... 7O Geographical Distribution of Netrium....................... 86 Geographical Distribution of Actinotaenium.,.,,.,..,,.,..., 86 Geographical Distribution of Penium,....................... 141 Geographical Distribution of Closterium.................... 141 Geographical Distribution of Spinoclosterium............... 153 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Geographical Geographical Geographical Geographical GBOgraphical Geographical Geographical Geographical Geographical Geographical Geographical Geographical Gaugraphical Geographical Geographical Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution of of of of of of of of of of of of o? of of viii Elggggtfiggigm,................ Triolocoras .................. Tetmemorug ................... Euastrum ..................... Wicrastsrias ................. Xanthidium ................... Arthrodecmus ................. Staurastrum .................. anchnnggg ................... §Ehgernzosma ................. Soondxlosium ................. Hialothaca 00.000000000000000. BathSlna OOIOOOOOOOIOOOOOCOOO DQSMidiUm 0.000000000000000... COSMOCladiUW coco-0.000.000... Number of Desmid Species by Collection Locality ........... 153 156 156 208 208 235 235 333 333 339 339 344 344 350 350 355 25. 27. 28. 29. 30-41. 42-55. 55-59. 60-61. 62. 63-110. 111. 112. 113¢11A, LIST OF PLATES Page Gonatozxoon........................................... 378 _3921L_£xlinnrncyctis, 53irotaenia..................... 380 figfigigm,.............................................. 382 Actinotaenium......................................... 384-388 Penium................................................ 390-392 ClothnriUmOIOOU00.'0...00....000.00.00.000000'0900000O 394-425 . Elgftorium............................................ 427 Cooncclanium, Goinoclosterium......................... 429 Pleurotosnium......................................... 431 Pleurntaenium, Triploraras............................ 433 1335222333.............. ............................. 435 Euastrum..............................................437-460 Micresterias.......................................... 462-488 Xanthidium............................................490-496 Arthronesmus..........................................498-500 Arthrodesmus. Staurastrum............................. 502 Staurastrum...........................................504-598 0nychonema. Sphaerozosma. Spondxlosium................ 600 Spondxlosium, Hyalotheca. Bambusina.................-. 602 DesmidiumutOol00.0.0.0...’COOOOOOI000......0.000.000.00604-606 ix I. INTRODUCTION Historical Review Since their discovery in the early eighteen hundreds, the desmids with their remarkable symmetry, and intricate and diverse morphological Form (usually unicellular), have attracted the attention oF many investigators. They collectively comprise the Families Gonatozygaceae, meeotaeniaceae, and Desmidiaceae in the order Zygnematales (Chlorophyta), with the majority belonging to the last mentioned Family. As a group they have never been studied in the state oF Montana, and in Fact have been very little inves- tigated in the entire northwest United States. The Few published papers on Montana algae with reports oF desmids in- clude those oF Gumtow (1955), Kidd (1964), LauFF (1953), Sieminska (1965), Thomasson (1962) and Vinyard (1957); and the First and third authors cite them only to the generic level (Glosterium and Staurastrum). Kidd reports three species 0F Staurastrum, one oF Cosmarium and one of Conatozygon. Sieminska’s paper is the most recent and although concerned with a single pond in the northwest (locality 86), contains the greatest number oF des- mids. She lists 84 taxa, indicating 67 as new records For the state and/or North America, and 5 varieties as new to science. Three plants are as- signed to taxa with some reservations. Thomasson's paper reports 12 desmid taxa From Two Medicine Lake in Glacier National Park. Vinyard reports 26 taxa From alpine and subalpine regions primarily in Glacier National Park. Additional accounts oF desmids are Found in unpublished reports or manu- scripts, and theses (Kidd, 1963; Schindler, 1954; and Vinyard, 1951). 1 Scope oF the Stggy Preliminary investigations undertaken during the summers OF 1961 and 1962 revealed that the northwestern part oF Montana had what appeared to be a rich desmid Flora. Consequently, it was believed that a study on the desmids 0F Montana would contribute to the body oF knowledge being gathered at the time on the group, at Dr. Prescott's phycological laboratory at Michigan State University. The presence oF greatly varied physiographic regions in the state, discussed more Fully later, aFForded the writer an opportunity to study the desmids under a variety oF ecological conditions. Thus, hopeFully, a better understanding oF desmid distribution might be obtained. The ecology 0F des- mids has long been oF interest to phycologists and a short discussion oF the Factors aFFecting desmid distribution is given in a later section. The basic investigation was begun in June, 1963, with the Following objectives in mind. 1. Primarily to record the desmid taxa encountered, citing their distribution. 2. To prepare an inclusive list oF the desmids oF Montana integrating the previous records with those oF the writer. 3. To prepare illustrations oF all reported taxa, indicating wherever possible the morphological variations present, since morphology is the basic criterion upon which taxonomic determinations oF desmids are made. 4. To compare the Findings with those oF other investigators of similar and/or related problems, in other parts oF the United States. 5. To gather, whenever Feasible, related ecological data (pH, total hardness oF water, etc.) in order to obtain a clearer understanding of desmid distribution, —t_-: II. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Though this study is principally based on collections and data ac- quired by the author, samples and inFormation were also contributed by other collectors. The techniques and processes described below were those employed by the writer. Chemical and Physical water used For chemical analyses was obtained From the immediate area 0F, and beFore, algal sampling. Tests For pH and alkalinity were perFormed at the site. IF time permitted, other tests were made there. Otherwise, a water sample was collected and the remaining tests run later that day. Samples were collected in one litre glass containers Filled by allowing the water to Flow in slowly and gently without turbulence or air butbles. The size 0? the samples taken allowed For replication in cases where results were suspect. Titrimetric methods employed were as outlined in "Water Analysis Procedures Cat. #8" (Hach Chemical Co.) and included the Following tests: 1. Alkalinity: Titration with 0.02M solution oF H2504 to phenol- phthalein (pH 8.3) and methyl orange (pH 4.6) end points. Results expressed are as ppm. calcium carbonate. 2. Calcium hardness: CaIVer II Method. Results expressed are as ppm. calcium carbonate. 3. Total hardness: UniVer I or II Method. Results expressed are as ppm. calcium carbonate. The remainder oF the chemical determinations were made with the use oF a battery Operated Hach direct reading calorimeter. The procedures Followed were as given in the ”Hach D.R. Colorimeter Methods Manual," Fourth edition, and included: 1. Nitrate nitrogen: Chromatropic Acid Method. 2. Nitrite nitrogen: SulFanilic Acid-l, Naphthylamine Method. 3. Phosphate (ortho): StannaVer Method. 4. Phosphate (meta or poly): StannaVer Method. The pH determinations were made by using a Beckman Pocket pH Meter Model-180. InFormation on the geology and soils present in the collecting areas was taken From the GeoIOgic Maps oF Montana, compiled by Ross, Andrews and Witkind (1955), and the soils map in "Soils oF the western United States", a joint publication by the Agricultural Experiment Stations oF the Western States Land Grant Universities and Colleges (1964). In describing the general geOIOgy and soils oF a certain collection locality adjacent as well as immediately occurring rocks and soils are indicated. Data on elevation, in the majority oF cases, are given as approxima- tions, since the Figures were taken From various U.S. Geological Survey contour maps. In those instances where approximations are not indicated, the Figures were those cited by other collectors or given in Gannett's,fl Dictionary 2£,Altitudes ig_thg United States. Fourth edition (1967). Results oF chemical analyses and physical data obtained, are given under site descriptions (pages 29-56). BiOIOQicgl Although desmids in general have been considered to be calciphobic, sampling was not restricted to soFt water habitats, and a wide range oF habitats was sampled. Collections were made throughout the state, but were more heavily concentrated in the western third. See map no. 3 on page 21. 5 They include various lakes (oligotrOphic-eutrophic), reservoirs, bogs, ponds, sloughs, swamps, marshes, rivers and other aquatic or semi-aquatic situations. The varied conditions existing at these sites chiefly determined the techniques employed and/or the types of samples taken. In general, however, an effort was made to obtain the kinds of samples listed below, whenever possible. 1, Plankton samples taken with a no. 25 silk bolting cloth net. 2. Strip (hand) samples or scrapings from cnatings on submerged vegetation. 3. Squeezings of gghacnum, Utrirulnria and other plants including algal mats. A no. 25 silk bolting cloth net was employed in concentrating the samples. 4, Bottom sediment samples. 5. Surface growth samples. All of the author's collections were obtained during the summer months of 1961, 62, 63, and 64, with living algae examined as often as possible. Eventually all samples were preserved in Transeau's Solution, (6 parts water, 3 parts ethyl alcohol, and 1 part formalin) for future study. At least three microscopic mounts were made from each sample, and supplementary slides were examined until no additional taxa ap- peared to be present. Semi-permanent slides were prepared from all collections studied. More than seven thousand camera lucida drawings were made, and measurements recorded, for the desmid taxa. The objec- tive was not only to illustrate the species present, but also to re- cord any significant mophological variation the plant exhibited. These illustrations serve as the basis for identification and were com- pared with the type illustration of the taxon, and/or with drawings published by other authors._ Selected illustrations of the taxa will be found beginning on page 376. There are a few localities from which illustrations made by other collectors were studied by the author, and these are indicated with an asterisk under the collection localities. The asterisk also appears following the name of the illustrator in the taxonomic section of the text. The entire algal collection upon which the study is based is presently with the author. III. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MONTANA Physiograghy Montana lies in the northwest Rocky Mountain region of the United States, and is the fourth largest state in the union having an area of 147,138 square miles. The state has an extreme length of 280 miles and an extreme breadth of 560 miles.1 Within general continental classifi- cation, the state may be divided into three general regions: Montana (mountains and valleys), Piedmont (along the foot of the mountains), and Midland (relatively flat lands of the interior of the continent.)2 The piedmont and midland regions, collectively form part of the Great Plains. See map no. 1 on page 18. The montane region which comprises approximately the western third of the state, stands in dramatic contrast to the rolling and flat plains of the central and eastern region, and may be further divided into a northern and southern sections. In the north, the mountain ranges, and narrow valleys run parallel to each other in a north-west-southeast dir- ection with the eastern edge of the region beginning at the foot of the Lewis range, and extending southward to the Blackfoot River. Westward, are the Swan, Whitefish, and Mission ranges and one of the wider valleys, the Kootenai-Flathead Lake Valley (part of the Great Rocky Mountain trench which estends south from British Columbia). Further west the I"Montana", Collier's Enc clo edia, 1963, XVI, 486. 2Nicholas Helburn, Milton J. Edie, and Gordon M. Lightfoot, Montana in Mags (Bozeman: The Research and Endowment Foundation at Montana State College, 1962), pp. 1-85. 7 fl mountain ranges are rather lower, with frequent valleys, and include the Flathead, Purcell and Cabinet Mountains as well as the upper end of the Bitteroot Mountains. In the southern montane region where the mountains are higher, as are the valley floors, there is no clear cut orientation to the mountain ranges. The region has instead an irregUlar assemblage of ranges with generally wider valleys. At the eastern edge of the southern montane region are the Little Belt Mountains, and southward the Castle Mountains, Crazy Mountains, and Beartooth Plateau. Between these and the lofty Bitteroot Mountains which form most of the state's western boundary, are located the Bridger, Absoroka and Gravelly Ranges as well as the Big Belt, Sapphire and Pioneer Mountains. The Physiogrephic Map, No. 2 on page 20, indicates the position of all the above named ranges and some others. The relief of the piedmont region is, by contrast, much less varied, the region being characterized by gently rolling or flat terrain which is interrupted only locally by isolated mountain groups (Bear Paw, Little Rocky, Highwood, Judith, Big Snowy and Pryos Mountains) and river valleys. The midland region is characterized by its lack of mountains, the area being primarily flat or rolling plains interrupted by deeply in- cised river valleys. Glaciation of the region north of the Missouri River has resulted in a flattening of hills and filling in of valleys, forming a broad glaciated plain, a condition which likewise exists in the northern area of the piedmont. Thus, the midlands northern glaciated area differs from that of the ungleciated southern region, which is characterized by sharply cut stream beds and high arid benchland. The average altitude of Montana is 3400 feet3 and between a 3"Montana", Encyclopedia Americana. 1962, XIX, 383. quarter and a half the state lying under 3000 feet.4 This low average altitude, make Montana the lowest Rocky Mountain state, and somewhat compensates for its more northerly position and tempers its climate. The 10west elevation (1800 feet) occurs along the Kootanaa river valley at a point near Troy in the extreme northwest corner of the state. The highest point is Granite Peak (Park county) in the southwest. In general the mountains range from 6000 feet to 10000 feet with valley floors set from 2000 to 6000 feet below the crest of the surrounding ranges.5 Approximately 10000 square miles, or seven percent of the state has an elevation greater than 8000 feet.6 From the mountain front across the Great Plains Region and towards the northeast, there is a progressive lowering of altitude, from A000-5000 to 2000-3000 feet. Climate In general, Montana has a variable as well as changeable climate. Differences in elevation and influences of the Pacific Ocean and eastern continental land mass contribute to the marked dissimilarities in the climatic conditions of the western mountaious region and the eastern Great Plains area. The moisture-laden air masses which provide Montana with most of its precipitation, come from the Pacific coast. Consequently, precipi- tation over the western montane region is considerably greater than that in the central and eastern regions. The average annual precipitation for the state is 15.48 inches,7 ranging from less than ten inches in the 4"Montana", Encyclogaedia Britannica, 1966, xv, 771. 5"Montana", Collier's Encyclopedia, 1963, XVI, 486. 6”Montana", Encyclooedia Americana, 1962 XIX, 383. $“Montana", Encyc10pggdia Britannica, 1966, XV, 771. —+—- 10 plains to 80-100 inches in the mountains (Hebeck, 1967). That of approximately half the state ranges between 13 and 16 inches and the heaviest rains fall in the higher mountain ranges of the northwest where the annual average is over 25 inches.8 The driest areas almost exclusively occur east of the divide, averaging between 10-13 inches annually. Reviewing these figures, and comparing the state with the midwest, which receives an the average from 30-50 inches annually (Hel- burn gt, a}, 1962), one concludes that Montana is comparatively dry. Map no. 4 on page 22, shows the average annual precipitation in inches. Listed below are the climatic regions of the state in order of decreas- ing mean annual total precipitation (inches) received: Northwest, 19.04; South Central, 1d.50; Southwest, 14.28; Central, 14.13; Southeast, 13.58; Northeast, 13.27; and North Central 13.07.9 See Map no. 6 on page 24 . The state's average mean temperature is about 43°F, ranging from 46°F in the Yellowstone Valley to 35°F in the mountain valleys.10 Differences in the temperature, on a regional basis, are clearly evident, when comparing the average summer (July) and/or winter temperatures, over the entire state. In July most areas of the mountains average tempera- tures between 50°F and 60°F, while those of the middle of the Great Plains region range from 60°F to 70°F, and those of the lower eastern section F8090 from 70°F to 80°F.11 The lower temperatures in the west are in part the result of elevation, but are also due to the region's closer proximity to the Pacific Ocean. Average January temperatures indicate 8U.S., Department of Agriculture, Climate and ManxThe Yearbook of Agricul- ture, 1941 (Washington,D.C.: Government Printing Uffice,'1941.), p. 966} 9U.S., Environmental Data Service, Climatic Atlas of the United States. 1968 (Washington, 0.0.: Government Printing Office, 1968), p. 48, 0 1 ”Montana”, Encyclopedia Americana. 1962, XIX, 384, 11"Montana", Collier's Encyclqpedia, 1953, xv1, 488. —1IIIIIIIIlIllllllllIlllllllll1lllllllrliiiiii‘ L 11 that, with the exception of a few scattered areas in the central region of the plains, the valleys of the extreme west have the mildest winters. Here, in the Flathead, Bitterroot and Clark Fork valleys, January tempera- tures average over 24°F (Helburn at, al.1962). winter is progressively colder toward the east, with the northeast corner of the state averaging less than 80F. The prevailing winds are westerly and the state annually has an 12 On the whole it may average of 158 clear days, 106 partly cloudy days. be concluded that the western third of Montana has milder winters, cooler summers, greater cloudiness and more frequent and abundant precipitation. Vegetation A species list of the terrestial plants present at individual col- lecting sites is not given, and for more detailed information on the flora of Montana and/or the plant association present, the reader is directed to the publications of Booth, 1950; Booth and wrigth, 1959; Daubenmire, 1943; Habeck, 1967; and Larsen, 1930. A bibliography con- cerning this subject has also been published by Habeck and Hartley, (1965). Over-ell, Montana's mountainous, western third (montane) is dominated by forest, while the eastern two-thirds (Great plains) is dominated by grassland. Geolggx The generalized geology of Montana is illustrated on Map no. 5 page 23. The map indicates the areas occupied by crystalline and sedi- mentary rocks in relation to their geological age, and refers to these rocks at the earth's surface, immediately below the soil. The rocks are 12Climate and Man. 33, cit. u-uuIIIIIIIIIllllIllllIlllllllllllllllIlIlIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIFIIIII} _ 12 listed in the map legend with the oldest placed at the bottom. Inspec- tion of the map reveals that sedimentary rocks cover most of the state, while crystalline rocks are principally confined to the mountainous re- gions of the southwest. More detailed geological information in reference to a particular location will found under the description of individual collecting sites and in Appendix I. Soils In this presentation of the soils of Montana, only the great soil groups and land types are treated, the occurrence and distribution of these being principally controlled by the interaction of climate (precip- itation and temperature), elevation and vegetation. The soils are listed below under eleven regions within which are grouped soils having similarities due to the regional impact of the above mentioned factors. In addition intermingling or associations formed between or among the various kinds of soils, within the regions, are also indicated.13 Light Colored Soils of the Arid Region Sierozem, Lithosol, Regosol. Moderately Dark Colored Soils of the Semi-Arid Regions Brown, Regosol. Brown, Regosol, Lithosol. Brown, Regosol, Solonetz. Dark Colored Soils of the Semi-Arid Regions Chestnut, Chernozem, Solonetz. Chestnust, Lithosol. Chestnut, Lithosol, Alluvial. Chestnut, Regosol. 13The named regions and inclusive associations of great soil roups, are those used in: "Soils of the Western United States , Joint Pu lication by the Agricultural Ex eriment Stations of the western States Lendrcr nt Universities and Co laces with Cooperative Assistance by the 5011 onset- vation Service of the 0.5. Dept. of Agriculture, 1964, pp. 1-69. "L.— .l 13 Dark Colored Soils of the Sub-Humid Regions Chernozem, Prairie, Lithosol. Chernozem, Regosol. Chernozem, Regosol, Alluvial. Soils gf the Cool to Cold. Sub-Humid and Humid Forested Regions Brown Podzolic, Lithosol, Regosol Gray Wooded, Brown Podzolic, Rockland. Cray Wooded, Chernozem, Lithosol. Soils of the Cold Non-Forested Hauntain Regions Alpine Turf, Rockland, Alpine Meadow, Alpine Bog. Swelling. ClayeyL Soils Grumusol. §31ine and Eddie Soils Solonetz, Brawn. Recent Alluvial Soils Alluvial, Brown. Alluvial, Humic Gley. Immature Soils on Unconsolidated Upland Materials and Aeolian Sands Regosol, Crumusol. Regosol, Lithosol, Brown, Chestnut. Immature Shallow Soils on Consolidated Upland Materials and Wiscellanyous Land Types Lithosol, Badlands, Regosol. Lithosol, Regosol, Alluvial. Because of the sharply contrasting physiography of the western mountainous region and the lowlands of the Great Plains, a few general remarks regarding the soils of these areas seem appropriate. In western Montana the distribution of the great soil groups, in general, is an altitudinal progression of Chestnut, Chernozem, Gray Wooded, Brown podzolic and Alpine Turf soils. The Chestnut and Chernozem are ’the two extensive great soils of the grasslands, while the Gray Wooded and Brown Podzolic soils, dominate the forested areas (Nimlos, 1963). 14 Alpine Turf soils occur above the upper timberline. Available soil moisture, which is usually associated with altitude in the west, is the primary factor determining the sequence (Nimlos, 1963). Consequently, as mentioned by Nimlos(l963), a pregression from Chernozem to Brown Podzolic may likewise be encountered with decreasing elevation, but with increasing moisture. Cox (1957), states that Brown ‘7 Podzolic soils may occur at elevations as low as 2400 feet, in areas of z' higher precipitation accompanied by lower temperatures. Not all the above mentioned soils are inevitably present along the gradient. Thus, 1 for example, Chestnut and Gray Wooded soils may border each other directly, the Chernozem soils being absent (Cox, 1957). In addition, as a result of several variable influences (9.9. microclimate, vegetation, drainage, etc.) associated with divergent relief, local areas may possess grass- land related soils (Chernozem on a southern slope and a forest related soil (Gray Wooded) on a northern eXposure (Cox, 1957). Complex pattern and intergradations between the great soil groups also occur in this region. Soils of the eastern two-thirds of the state (Great Plains)have develOped principally under grassland vegetation and in arid to semi- humid climatic conditions. Here, the dominant great zonal soils are Brown, Chestnut and Chernozem, with Brown soils occurring in the driest parts and Chernozem occupying the most humid areas.14 Intermingled with the above, as well as occurring over a large area of east-central Montana, are axonal Regosol and Lithoeol soils. In the isolated mountain groups (e.g. Bear Paw) of the Piedmont 14E.8. Norum, B.A. Krantz and H.J. Haas, "The Northern Great Plains: Soil The Yearbook of Agriculture, 195? (Washington, D.C.; Government Printing Office, 1957) pp. 494.505. “Li —-fi 15 region, the dominant soils present are Chernozem, Gray wooded and Lithosols. See the soil association map no. 7 on page 26 , and refer to Appendix II for additional information on the great soil groups and land types named in the discussion.15 Resources Inasmuch as precipitation, the continuing source of virtually all fresh water, is most abundant in the mountainous western third of the state, it is not surprising that most of Montana's water comes from, or exists in, that region. The state has numerous lakes and springs and thousands of miles of rivers and streams. These water resources are so distributed however, that not all areas are well supplied, and in some regions of the Great Plains many of the smaller rivers carry no water except during rare floods. Uniquely, Montana's rivers drain into the Pacific Ocean, Hudson Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. See map no. 8 page 27 . west of the Continental Divide, the tributaries of the Columbia River system drain to the Pacific. Of these, the Clark Fork is the main river and though it drains less than fifteen percent of Montana, it has as large a total flow as the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers combined (Helburn 33. a1 1962). The major tributaries of the Clark Fork include the Blackfoot, Bitterrot and Flathead. The Kootenai River, another important tributary of the Columbia River system, drains a small portion of the northwestern corner of the state. East of the Divide, draining a small triangular area along the 15Unless otherwise indicated, the descriptive notes which are presented in the text for each of the eleven soil regions, have been extrapolated and condensed from "Soils of the Western United States", 33, 513., the soil association map located at the end of this section is also from this SOUI‘CG. — _ 16 northern border of the state, is the St. Mary's River. It rises in Glacier National Park and flows northward, eventually emptying into Hudson Bay, by way of the Saskatchewan River. The Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers and their tributaries drain the remainder of the state, their waters eventually ending at the Gulf of Mexico. The Missouri River is the largest, draining not only the Great Plains area, but also that portion of the Rocky Mountains east of the Continental Divide. It is formed by the junction of the Madison, Jeffer- son and Gallatin Rivers, at Three Forks. The principal northern tribu- taries of the Missouri, in Montana, are the Sun, Teton, Matias, Milk, and Peplar Rivers. Southern tributaries include the Smith, Arrow, Judith and Musselshell Rivers. The Yellowstone River rises in wyoming as do most of its tributaries. It joins the Missouri in North Dakota. The major tri- butaries of the Yellowstone include, the Clark Fork (not to be confused with previously mentioned Clark Fork River), Big Horn, Tongue and Powder Rivers. A number of reservoirs have been built along some of the rivers, fifty eight of which have a capacity of 5,000 acre feet or more.16 The largest of these, located in northeast Montana, is Fork Peck Reservoir on the Missouri, formed by the world's largest earth-fill dam. Other major reservoirs are the Canyon Ferry Reservoir in central Montana, also on the Missouri River, and Hungry Horse Reservoir on the South Fork of the Flathead River in the northwestern part of the state. 0f the state's natural lakes, Flathead Lake is the biggest, being approximately 200 square miles (Howard, 1968). The remaining lakes are generally small. There are an innumerable number of these in the moun- tains and valleys of the Montana, remmants of valley or piedmont glaciers, 16"Montana", Encyclopedia Americana, 1962, XIX, 383. “EL IIIIIIllllIllIlllllllllIIIlllllllllllIlIlllllllllllllll‘llllllllii l7 and also a number in the northern glaciated regions of the Great Plains. Small ponds, non-permanent lakes, sloughs, seasonally flooded marshes and field depressions add to the nUmber of aquatic habitats present. Quality A resume of the quality of the waters of the state, both physical and chemical, though ideal, is not feasible here, but because of the generally considered calciphobic nature of the desmids, a general indi- cation of the hardness of the surface water is given. See map no. 9 page 28. It should be kept in mind that the areas delineated on the map represent average conditions on a highly generalized basis. The map has been adapted from Ackerman and Lof (1959). As a point of reference, water containing 60 parts per million or less of calcium carbonate is considered soft; 60-120 P.p.m. moderately hard; and 120 p.p.m. or more, hard (Miller gt al., 1963). It is thus noted from the map that the sur- face waters become progressively harder from west to east. Consequently, one might expect that the greatest abundance of desmids would be in the northwest region of the state. For more detailed information of the physico—chemical qualities of the waters sampled, see the general des- criptions of the collection localities. 3 _._ ) ‘ '0 LECEKD PHYSICCRAPHIC DIAGRAM Major Mountains and Ranges 0 O \omum'nbumw HH HQ) 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 4a. purcell Fountains Flathead Mountains Calton Rance Lkdtefis. Mountains Lewis Range Cabinet Fountains Salish Mountains F ssion Range Swan Range Flathead Range Sitterroot Range S'ophire Mountains John Long Fountians Garnet Range Flint Creek Mountains Deerlodce Tountains Bird Tail Divide Teton Ridge Biq Belt Mountains Little Belt Fountains Highwood Mountains Bearoaw Mountains Little Rocky Mountains Piney Buttes Judith Mountains Big Snowy Mountains Pioneer Range Butte Highlands Ruby range Tobacco Root Mountains Bridger Range Crazy Mountains Cayuse Hills Beaverhead Mountains Tenddy Mountains Centennial Mountains Snow Crest Range Gravelly Range Madison Range Gallatin Range Absaroka Range Beartooth Plateau Pryor Mountains Wolf Mountains 19 20 MAP 2 noun DA"°T‘ 3 E 2 11 s 3 D 9. g I i n. < o: 0 9 ‘>’.’ ¢ I z 3 n" < 5 t- 5 2 L O I -‘~-"-::'.':.'... 'Ifio‘uhuL: ~ r mum MILES .. a“. wZO_m_>_o U_._.<<<_._U 9535 .gu‘v 8031:5008; use-‘24 U013>£ = . :9 «lam—Jul" Eta... 5:838 .T as, a .3... 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"11".“; U I ~ a.“‘ "‘2“; Z. 3 . t I "m,“ J ; ”‘01:: r in l‘. 1% .7 I LEGEND Indicating predominance of occurrence of Great Soil Groups in associations with soil regions. A LICHT CFLO3:D QDTtg PF I”: gwfm ejjrfu 16. Sierozem, Litnosol, Reqosol. v) I moosearva 029x trapeze STILS CF TH? n”**_tvrs R’TiCfifi ll. Brewn, degosol. 12. Brown, Reqosol, Lithosol. 14. Brown, Regosol, Solonetz. DARV CPLPTCD TCfL? “F T“: ‘5“T-33i“ ‘TTTV‘S . Chestnut, Chernozem, Sulonetz. I‘— . Chestnut, Lithosol. . Chestnut, Lithosol, Alluvial. . Chestnut, Reqosol. CDU‘b-U DARK CCLURFD SOIL? CF I“? SU2-“VTIW 9777Cfifi 4. Chernozem, Prairie. 5. Chernozem, Ragosol. 6. Chernozem, Rogosol, Alluvial. Ln OILS OF THE CCDL T0 CCLQL»SU9-“”TID A'D “VT?“ FC‘T7IFD PEGllYS 2:. Brown Podzolic, Lithosol, Regosol. 7. Gray Wooded, RrOwn Pcdzolic, Rockland, 8. Gray wooded, Chernozem, Lithosol. SOILS OF THE COLD MPH-FC5FCTEO ECU“T1{Q nfnrpu: 1. Alpine Turf, Rockland, Alpine vendor, Alpine Bog. SUFLIINC, CifiYEY SOILS l. Grumusol. SALIHE AND 80010 SRILS 2. Solonetz, Brown. RECENT ALLUVTAL SOILS 2. Alluvial, Brown. 3. Alluvial, Humic Gley. IMMATURE SOILS 0N UHCPRSCLIDATED 'DLAKW rATEQIALG A23 AELIAW SANDS 4. Regosol, Grumosol. 5. Regosol, Lithosol, Brown, Chestnut. IMMATURE SHALLDN SOILS D? CCTSTLIDSTED UDLC'D MATERIALS MISCELLR”EUUS LAT? TYPES 2. Lithosol, Badlands, Regosol. 8. Lithosol, Regosol, Alluvial. 25 26 Great Soil Groups in Associations Within Soil Regions 27 MAP 8 255.2 3,223 oz< mmmnbclmu. «95.2, ¢0q<2 02qu no 5:30 2300 0:85. "a .2. zones: "— nun—.29 uo<2.<¢o.v.\ >mx l ‘ A.., . . — I n .l I _ _ y a | I- .. - vL . l I a. . f . n I . _ I T l ,v. _ A s. .I I .. r 1 fl _ ‘ . o _ . _ Q .— _ .. r l 1 u . - a n i . v u. .r .. _ A — . .|,| I. . . . . . . m .r . . . I l _ \ l . , l 1.. . . a. _ v . .1 _ ~ . Illa! ‘0'. _ .I _ _ I; -'D u. >! 1 It _ . . . .o~o.o.l . o _.I _ w x s In. x \ «I. _ X s 1 . . I \fliff . . f. as Ln... _ \‘¥ 4/ .— I IV 4 l T . )2! __ I _ . . (l ’. I. z. . A h .. f. i .._ - I M . _ . . _ I . 4 1.- _ - 1 I _ . _ . rite- _ .\ .u. . a _ A _, . ’ t . p .. a o r . pr 28 "our“ oAxoTA MAP 9 can 3... .26 g Eugenio! a\\\\\\\§ TEdd E nOUOU may mamh<3 wUistribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181, Kidd*). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42). .ake Co.: 87-(Mt64-68); 97-(Mt63-33), Lincoln Co.: 16-(Mt63-ll4); l7- (mtos-lzo); 19-(Mt63-lll). Sanders Co.: 70-(Mt63-16l). Previously reported by Kidd (63) from collection locality 31. Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrenb.) Nag. var. Eggggg (Delp) West & Mast, Monogr. Desmid. 1, p. 212, t. 30 figs.9,10. 1904. P1. 27 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. l76.0-400.0p: TB. 15.0-23.0“; L:BR. 12.0-17.7x; BI. 11.0-19.0p: BA. 11.0-17.6p. Collected only from the northwest corner of the state. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442): 31-(Kidd*). Glacier Co.: 54- (Mt62-ll): 63-(Mt63-218). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204); 84-(01, X8): 86- (Mt 63-188). Previously reported by Kidd (63) from collection locality 31. Pleurotaenium truncatum (Breb.) Naeg,Gattung. einzel. Algen, p. 104 1849. P1. 28 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 406.0p: TB. 69.0-70.0u: L:BR. 5.8-5.9x: BI. 52.0p: BA. 30.0p. 152 This plant greatly resembles var. fittenuatum in the narrowing of the micell toward the apex, and in the reduction of the number of granules the apices. It differs from that variety in its greater length and in .e slightly greater breadth of the apices. A single specimen was seen. Tue, it was believed best to simply enter the plant as belonging to the lecies. Very rare. Lstribution: Lake Co.: 84-(01). 153 MtiflTJINA MAP 18 LEGEND Sginoclosterium LEGEND Pleurotaenium MAP 19 154 5. Triploceras Bailey, 1850. This genus was very rare being collected but once, west of the con- tinental divide. Triploceras oracile Bailey, Micr. observ. Smithson. Contr. Knowl. 2 p. 38, t. 1, fig. 10. 1850. P1. 28 fig. 10. Measurements: TL. 482.0p; TB. 36.0p; L:BR. 13.4x; BI. 16.0p; BA. 23.0-32.0p. A very rare species. Collected from the plankton of a high altitude lake (6600 feet) in the northwest. A single specimen was seen. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). 7. Tetmemorus Ralfs, 1844, A rather rare genus being collected from only four collection locali- ties in western Montana and never in any abundance. Four taxa are reported. Tetmemorus brebissonii var. fling; de Bary, Untersuch. Fam. Conjug. p. 73, t.5, fig. 9. 1858. P1. 29 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 7.0-85.Qu; TB. 24.0-26.0p; L:BR. 3.1-3.4x; BI. 18.0- 19.0p. Very rare. Known from a single locality, a high altitude (6600 feet) oligotropic lake, west of the continental divide. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-257). Tetmemorus granulatus (Bréb) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 147, t. 24. fig. 2. 1848. var. granulatus. P1. 29 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 178.0-190.0p: TB. 28.0-30.0p: L:BR. 6.3-6.8x: BI. 25.0- 2600p“ BA. 13.5-15.0”. 155 This species is very rare in my collections, being gathered from only one locality, a Sghagnum bog in the northwest. In addition to the typical form the variety attenuatum West, was also collected at this site. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-l3). Tetmemorus granulatus (Bréb) Ralfs. var. Pttenuatus West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,29, p. 132, t. 20, fig. 10. 1892. P1. 29 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 154.0-160.p: TB. 27.0-28.0p: L:BR. 5.5-5.7x; BI. 24,0- 25.Qu: BA. 16.5-17.5 . Cells possessing smaller dimensions than originally indicated by West. Very rare. Collected from a Sghaonum bog in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-13). Tetmemcrus laovis (KUtz.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 146, t. 24, fig. 3. 1848. P1. 29 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 73.5-79.0p: TB. 21.0-23.0p; L:BR. 3.4-3.8x; BI. 18.0- 20.0p. This species was collected from western Montana and although rare, it was the most frequently encountered and most abundant member of this genus. Gathered from Sehagnum squeezings and/or the plankton of two lakes (6600- 7000 feet) and intermingled with other algae in a creek. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 134-(Mt63-324). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63- 257,261): ll4-(Mt63-256). MAP 21 Tetmemorus 157 8. Euastrum Ehrenb. 1832. The genus Mist m was well represented in the desmid flora of was- tern Montana, but was only encountered twice outside this region. (See map no. 22). Sixty five taxa were identified by the author, three of which appear to be new to science. Additional unnamed forms were also found. The most commonly collected species were: g. bidentntum Maeg., g. denticulatum (Kirchn.) Gay, g. insulare(Wittr.) Roy, E, blongum (Grav.) Ralfs, and Q. vorrucosqn Ehrenb. Euastrum abruotum Nordst. var. laooanse (Nordst.) Krieger, Desmid. in Rabenhorst's Krypt.-F1., 13(1); p. 605, t. 83, fig. 4-6. 1937. P1. 35 fig. 17. Measurements: TL. 25.0-26.0u; TB. 19.0-20.0p; BI. 5.0-6.0p. Very rare. Callected only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63—l71). Guestrum affine Ralfs, Brit, Desmid.,p. 82, t. 13, fig. 3. 1848. P1. 33 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 127.0-150 p; TB. 66.0-70.0p; BI. 18.0-22.0p. This Species was found in a variety of lentic habitats (bog, swamp, lake, etc.) at varying elevations (2200-6800 feet) but never in any abun- dance. Collected only in the northwest. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-44S); 31-(4181). Lake Co.: 85-(Mt63- 47). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Missoula Co.: lDO-(Mt63-419). Euastrum ansatum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 85, t. 14, fig. 2, 1848. var. ansatum. P1. 30 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 78.0-82.Qp: T8. 38.0-40.0“; BI. 11.0-12.0”. This species is represented in Montana by two varieties in addition 158 to the typical form and two unnamed formae, none of which occur in any abundance. Dnly gathered in the western part of the state. Distribution: Flathead Co.: a5-(mte2-1). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-187). Sieminska’). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) from collection locality 86. Euestrum ansatum Ralfs var. concavum Krieger, Desmid. in Rabenhorst'e Krypt.-Fl. 13(1): p. 487, t. 58, fig. 12. 1937. P1. 30 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 80.0-82.0p; TB. 37.0-39.0u; BI. 12.0-13.0u. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-449). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-16). Euastrum ansatum var. triggggm Krieger, Desmid. in Rabanhorst's Krypto.-Fl. 13(1): p. 492, t. 59, fig. 8. 1937. P1. 30 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 75.0-82.0p: TB. 33.0-37’p: BI. 9.0-12,5p. Plants possessing a linear series of two to three pores in the apical region of the cell in addition to those present on the face of the semi- cell. Basal swellings above the linear sinus are at times reduced, rarely wanting. Very rare. Collected from two bogs, one in the northwest, the other in the southwest. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon8). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Euastrum ansatum fa. 1. P1. 30 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 62.0-65.0p: TB. 32.0-33.0p: BI. 12.5-13.0p. Semicells pyramidate with distinct undulation of lateral margins and with a slight protuberance immediately above the isthmus. Small cir- 159 cular thickening on facial region. Cells differing from the type in their smaller size. Very rare. Collected from a bog in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-443). Euastrum ansatum fa. 2. P1. 30 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 65.0p; TB. 32.3p; BI. 105u. Plant similar in dimensions to forma 1. listed above, but differ- ing from that plant in possessing two small pores above the isthmal pro- tuberance, and lacking the facial thickening present in forma 1. Close to E, ansatum f. biscrobiculnta. but that taxon lacks the lateral undu- lations shown in this plant. Very rare. Collected from a bog in the southern Montana. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Euastrum attenuatum Wolle, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8(1), p. 3, t, 6, fig. 20.1881. var. attenuatum. P1. 35 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 54.0-56.0p; TB. 30.0-32.0p: BI. 10.0p. This plant, which I have assigned to the species, resembles E, attenugtum var. jggonicum Hinode, especially in the span sinus and gen- eral shape of the semicells. This was the least encountered form of the species. ,The species is rare in Montana. Collected from a bog in the north- west. Very rare. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-24). Euastrum attenuatum Wolle var. splendens (Fritsch. & Rich.) Grdnbl. & Scott, Acta Bot. Fenn. 58, p. 12. 1958. 160 P1. 35 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 66.0-70.0p; TB. 36.0-39.0p; BI. 10.0-11.0p. Although rare, this form of the species occurred in the greatest numbers. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-24). Euastrum bidentatum Naeg. Although this species was one of the most frequently collected and abundant members of the genus, it was only gathered in the west where it is widely distributed. The species shows a considerable degree of variation in facial or- namentation and examples of these have been figured on plate 38. In addition to the typical form one variety and two unnamed forms were gathered. Euastrum bidentatum Naeg., Gattung. einzel. A19. 8, p. 122, t. 70. fig. 1, 1849. var. bidentetum, P1. 38 figs. 1,4,6,9. Measurements: TL. 41.0-56.0p; TB. 27.5-37.0p; BI.6.5-11.0p. The typical was encountered most frequently, and was often abuodant. Cells varying in dimensions and facial decoration, but quite constant in form. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 134-(Mt63-325). Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon3l) 23-(mt53-400); 24-(Mt63-4ll); 25-(Mt63-407,408); 27—(Mt63-451, Mon 25); 28-(Mt63-500); 29-(H.L.l): 31-(4181, 4182); 39-(Mt63-77,78); 42-(Monl6(l)). Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon8). Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon51); 127-(6Mon38): 128- (Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206,212); 83-(Mt63-204); sa-(xa); 85-(Mt 63-47); 86-(Mt63-188, Sieminska’). Lincoln Co.: 10-(Mt63-156,157). Missoula Co.: 100-(Mt63-419). Ravalli Co.: ll-(Mtae-zuc,2611;112-(Mt63- ‘161 257); 114—(Mt63-256); 119-(Mt63-301,302); 123-(Mt63-286). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163); 74-(Mt63-171). Common. Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Euastrum bidentatum Naeg. var. bidentatum fa. P1. 38 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 68.0-70.0u; TB. 44.7-47.0p; TL. 12.0-12.5p. Cells differing from the type in having larger dimensions. Collected from one locality, a high altitude lake (7000 feet) in the southwest. Very rare. Distribution: 134-(Mt63-320,325). Euastrum bidentatum Naeg. var. sgeciosum (Boldt) Schmidle, Bih. Kgl. 5v. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 24,3(8): p. 47. 1898. P1. 38 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 56.5-66.0u; TB. 36.5-42.0u; BI. 10.0-12.0u. With the considerable degree of variation which exists in the typi- cal form, this is probably a questionable variety. More commonly collected in the southern montane region than in the north. Moderately rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l35-(Mt63—331). Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-449). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42): 128-(Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-79). Guestrum bidentatum Naeg. morpha. P1. 38 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 62.0w: TB. 36.0w: BI. 8.5p. Plant differing in its less extended or developed apical and lateral lobes, and slightly longer cell. Only a single specimen was seen. The typical was also present at this locality. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). 162 Euastrum binale. (Turp.) Ehrenb. This species was only collected west of the continental divide. Two forms and one variety were identified. Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ehrenb. f. gutwinskii Schmidle, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Cessllsch. ll, (10), p, 552, 1894. P1. 36 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 17.0-20.8p; T8. 14.0-16.8p; 81. 3.5-5.8p. This was the most commonly encountered form of the species, occuring in a number of different aquatic habitats (e.g. bog, pond, lake, river, etc.) at varying elevations (2200-6800 feet). Gathered only west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 38-(Mt63-86). Lake Co.: 85-(Mt63-d7); 86- (Sieminska*). Lincoln Co.: lO-(Mt63-157). Missoula Co.: lOO-(Mt63-é20); 103-(Mt63-236). Ravalli Co.: 112-(mt63-257); 114-(Mt63-256). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86, but not found there by the author. Euastrum bigglg,(Turp.) Ehrenb. f. fliggg west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29, p. 140, t. 20, fig. 14. 1892. P1. 36 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 12.0-14.8p; TB. 12.0-12.§p; BI. 3.0-3.8p. Cells a little stouter in appearance than usually illustrated for this form, but still within the dimensions given by Most. Very rare. Known from a single locality in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182). Egastrum binale (Turp.) Ehrenb. f. minor west, Journ. Bot. 26, p, 340. 1888. P1. 36 fig. 5. 163 Measurements: TL. 11.0-12.8p; T8. 9.5-10.Qp; BI. 2.5-3.8p. Very rare. Collected from a single locality west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(mt63-399). Lake Co.: 86-(Sieminska*). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) as var. miggg for collection locality 86. Euastrum coralloidssJosh. var. subinterqrum West & west. This plant listed by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86, has been included under §, denticulatum (Kirchn.) Cay. Her illustration is very similar to that given by Krieger (37) for g, danticulatum var. gundrifarium Krieger, and her measurements also fit well. Euastrum crassicolle Lund, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsala, ser., 3, 8, p. 23, t. 2, fig. 8. 1871. P1. 31 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 25.0-27.8p; T8. 15.0-16.5p; BI. 6.0-7.8u. A rare species collected from two widely separated localities in the west. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 134-(Mt63-322). Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-449). Euastrum crassum (Breb.) Kuetz. This species was collected from two localities, one in the northwest (bog), the other in the southwest (oligotrophic lake), being gathered in abundance in the former. In addition to the typical form, two varieties were present, and one form which may be new to science. Euaetrum crassum (Breb.) Kuetz. Phycol. germ. p. 135. 1845. var. CPBSSUflh P1. 32 fig. 1. 164 Measurements: TL. 163-17A.Dp; TB.81.0-87.Qp; 8I. 24.5-38.Qp. The species was present in abundance in a number of collections. HOwever, it is only known to the author from a single locality; a hog in the northwest. There is considerable variation in the development of the three prominent protuberances across the base of the semicell. Consequently, it is difficult at times to distinguish cells which belong to var. crassum and those which are var. michiqanense. Very rare. Distribution: Glacier Co.: SA-(MtBZ-ll,12,15,20,24). Euastrum crassum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. michiganense Presc.,Pap. Mich Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 20, p. 165, pl. 126, figs. 1,2,. 1935. P1. 33 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 162-190.8u; T8. 81.8-89.8p; BI. 24.5-26.8p. This variety was collected with the typical form with which there is complete intergradation. Very rare. . Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-20). Euastrum crassum var. tumidum Okada, Mem. Fac. Fish, Kagoshima Univ. vol. 3, 1: p. 201, pl. 2, figs. 1,2. 1953. P1. 32 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 154.0-162.8p; TB. 96.0-102.Qp: BI. 26.0-27.9p. Very rare. Known from the plankton of a high altitude (6600feet) oligotrophic lake in the southwest. Very rare. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Euastrug.crassum (Breb.) Kuetzing var. tumidum fa..suboblonggm_fa. nov. PI. 32 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 170-177.Qp; TB. 100-10a.qu; BI. 24.0-26.Qp: BPL. 52,0- 54.qu; T. 56.5-58.Qp. 165 Cells large, oblong, deeply constricted, sinus linear; semicells in face view five-lobed, incisions between basal and lateral lobes shal- low and open, between lateral and apical lobes fairly deep and narrow: semi-cells with a single basal protuberance above the isthmus. Side view of semicell subpyramidate; apex truncate with rounded angles, basal angles subrectangular. Vertical view oblong with a protuberance in the center of the convex margins, and a slight undulation between the pro- tuberance and the pole. The plant was collected along with E, crassum var. tumidum. It differs from it in its larger dimensions and the greater development of the lateral lobes. There was an indication that the three basal pro- tuberances, characteristic of the species, could be present for there was a slight swelling in the areas where these would normally develop. The lobing present in this plant is very reminiscent of that in E, MEE- Very rare. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Egastrum denticulatum (Kirchn.) Gay, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 31. p. 335. 1884 var. denticulatum. P1. 37 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 18.5-25.8p; T8. 14.0-20.5p; BI. 3.0-6.8p. This is a very common desmid in Montana, although only collected in the west. Because of the great variability, and intergradation which exists in the plants studied, no attempt was made to segregate them in- to the numerous forms which have been described. The plant listed by Sieminska (65) as g, coralloids Josh..var. subintegggg west 5 west fa. is included here. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 133-(Mt63-316); 134-(Mt63-324); 135-(Mt63— 166 339). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63-450, Monzs): 29-(H.L.l); 31-(4182); 35- (Mt63-39l); 39-(Mt63-78). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-l3), Granite Co., 125- (6Mon44,51): 126-(6Moné3); 128-(Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); 82- (Mt63-200); 83-(Mt63-204); 85-(Mt63-47); 86-(Mt63-188); 88-(Mt63-197); 89-(Mt63-388). Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-151); lS-(Mt62-28). Missoula Co.: lDD-(Mt63-A19); lDl-(Mt64-72); 102-(Mt62-5). Ravalli Co.: lll-(Mt63- 248,250); llZ-(Mt63-261); 115-(Mt63-269). Sanders Co.: 72-(mt53-162); 74-(mt63-l70); 76-(Mt63-l76); 77-(Mt63-194). Euastrum denticulatum (Kirchn.) Cay var. dangeardii La Porte, Recher- ches. sur la 81010919 et Systematique des Desmidiées. Dissert. Paris. p. 83, fig. 188-193. 1931. P1. 37 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 30.5-33.8p; TB. 23.5-25.5p; BI. 6.8-7.5“. Krieger (37) considered this plant, as well as Dick's (23) forma boldtii (the illustration of which is identical to the Montana plant), to be the typical form. However, I do not agree with this. In fact, the plant is so distinct and different from all forms of E, denticulatum I believe it should be elevated to the rank of species. Rare. Collected only west of the continental divide at high ele- vations (6600-6800 feet). Distribution: Missoula Co.: lOD-(Mt63-419). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-257). Eugstrum didelta Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 84. t. 14, fig.l, 1848. var. giggltgp P1. 34 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 118.0-132.Qp: T8. 60.5-73.8u: BI. 18.0-20.5”. This species was only collected in the northwest and sometimes gathered in abundance. Two varieties in addition to the typical form were collected but they were of rare occurrence. Moderately rare. 167 Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-445): 31-(4181). Glacier Co.: 54- (Mt62-20): 63-(mt63-218). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63a260). ggastrumlfiidelta Ralfs var. everettensifiprme Ducellier, Bulletin de La Societe Bot. de Geneva. 2 me eerie, vol. 7: p. 8?, text figs. 16,17. 1915. P1. 33 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 129-132p; TB. 71-74.Qu; BI. 21.0-22.5p; T. 51.Qp. Krieger (37) considered this plant synonymous with §,humerosum Ralfs. However, I believe Ducellier was correct in placing the plant as a variety of E. didelta. I do not consider the plant identical to Wolles' E, eggs: ttense, which also occurs in Montana. Distribution: Lake Co.: 88-(Mt63-198). guestrum didelta_Ralfs var. truncatum Krieger, Desmid. in Raben- horst's Krypt.-Fl. 13(1): p. 250, t. 68, fig. 1. 1937. P1. 34 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 134.0-140.gp; T8. 70.0-75.8p; BI. 16.0-19.8p. In the Montana material studied there was considerable intergrade- tion between this variety and the typical. Rare. Collected from single locality in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(Mon4181). Euastrum ggbigm,Naeg., Gattung. einzel. Algen. 8, p. 122, t.7, fig. 2. 1849. var. M f. gym. P1. 36 fig. 20. Measurements: TL. 31.0-34.8p; T8. 21.0-23.Qp; BI. 5.5-7.8p. Euastrum dubium was rather rare in my material, being collected only from the northwest. The typical was one of the least encountered forms of the speCies. In a number of specimens, scrobiculatione and pores were 168 seen in a semicicular pattern above and/or to the sides of the central protuberance, consequently overlapping, in characteristics, forma scrobiculatum Lfitkem. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lU-(Mt63-156). Euastrum dubium Naeg. var. figfiigg f. scrobiculatum LUtkem., Verh. k.k. zool-bot. Gessellsch. Wien 60: p. 482, t.2., fig. 1. 1910. P1. 36 fig. 19. measurements: TL. 26.5-30.8p; TB. 18.0-20.5p; BI. 5.0-6.2p. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,447). Euastrum dubium.N869- var. ornatum Molosz., RDZpr. sprawozd. possied. Wydz. mat.-przyr. Akad. Umiej. Krakow. serv. 8, 57, p. 49, t. 3, fig. 32 1919. Pl. 36 fig. 18. Measurements: TL. 23.0-26.8p; TB. 17.5-19.8p; BI. 5.0-6.8p. This variety was the most frequently collected form of the species. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 25-(Mt63-407,409). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206), Lincoln Co.: l-(4184), Euastrum elegans (Breb.) Kuetz., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 89. t.l4. fig. 7. 1848. elegans. Pl. 36 fig. 21, 22. Measurements: TL. 28.0-32.8p: TB. 19.0-23.8p; BI. 4.25.8u. Euastrum elegans was collected in both the northern and southern Montana, but more frequently gathered in the north. It was encountered in a variety of habitats (lentic and lotic) at varying elevations (2200- 7000 feet), but not in abundance. Moderately common. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 134-(Mt63-327). Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 169 31-(4182, Kidd*). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-ll). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon43) Lincoln Co.: l-(41884); lU-(Mt63-157). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-257); 113- (Mt63-255): 114-(Mt256). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31. Euastrum elegans (Breb.) Kuetz. var. elegans morpha. P1. 36, fig. 23. Measurements: TL. 31.0-31.5p; T8. 20.0-21.8u; BI. 4.0-5.8u. Cells with less apiculate superior angles, and possessing a quadri- granulate protuberance above the isthmus as Opposed to the triverrucose (trigranualte), one generally present. Accessory facial granules may also occur. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4183, Kidd*). Euastrum elegans (Breb.) Kuetz. var. comgactum (Wolle) Krieger, Desmid. in Rabenhorst's Krypt.-Fl. l3, 1, p. 593, t. 82, fig. 1,2. 193?. P1. 36 fig. 24. Measurements: TL. 30.8-31.8u; T8. 21.822.8u; BI. 5.0-6.8p. Very rare. Collected from a single locality in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-56). Euastrum evarettense Wolle This species was considered by Krieger (37) as synonymous with E, gmgullgceum Ralfs. However, as pointed out by Cronblad (56), the pro- tuberances of these two species are quite different. Furthermore, they differ in side and top views, and the cell wall of g, evarettense is very coarsely scrobiculate. Probably a much closer relationship exists be- tween E. evarettense and g, didelta, than with E, ampullaceum. The species was only collected west of the continental divide. In addition to the typical form, which is really rather rare in my 170 collections, two varieties and e forma of one these was also gathered. §ug§trum evarettense Wolle, Desmids of the United States and List of American Pediastrum, Bethlehem, Pa. p. 102, pl. 28, fig. 5-7. 1892. var. evarettense. Fl. 34 fig. 4. Measurements: TL.120-126.Qp; TB. 63.0-64.8u; BI. 15.5-16.Qp; T. 40.0- 45.8p. Very rare. Known to the author from a single locality in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Euastrum evarettense Wolle var. crassum (Pres. & Scott) Jackson, nov. comb. (Euastrum gbgggm'Josh. var. crassum Presc. & Scott, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. Vol. 61, (l): p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 23. 1942). P1. 34 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 106-118.8p: TB. 55.0-58.8p: BI. 16.0-17.5p. In a note (part of the G.W. Prescott iconograph) dated March 8, 1953, and attached to the original sketch from which g, gQgggm|var. crassum was described, Scott indicated his dissatisfaction with the inclusion of var. cggssum with 1;. 911w. He had thought the plant possibly g. 919};- gttense, but in all the thousands of specimens he had seen of var. crassum he never once observed the pronounced constriction just below the apex, chetacteristic of g, evarettense. Consequently, he questioned the identi- fication of the plant as identical to wolle's. He noted the differences between them, but still indicated that he had little doubt that the plant was the same as Irénée-Marie's (39) illustration (fig. 11, pl. 8) of g, ggerettense. The similarity between these two taxa, in face, vertical and side 171 views, in addition to the coarsely scrobiculate walls, I believe, confirm his belief in their relationship to one another (compare figs. on pl. 34). Consequently, the transfer here of var. crassum to E, evarettense. There is also a strong resemblance between var. crassum and E, ansatum var. robustum Ducel., and possible the two plants are the same. Inter- estingly enough a forma (no. 1) of var. crassum was collected which resem- bles one of Ducellier's figures (fig. 23). However, E. ansatum is a smal- ler, more delicate desmid, and the plants listed above are clearly related to E. evarettense. Future study may determine that Ducellier's plant is more preperly placed with E, evarettense. This was the most frequently encountered form of the species and it occurred along with the typical form at locality 63. Two additional formae of var. crassum were also encountered. The plant entered by Sieminska (65) as E, ansatum.var. dideltiferme Ducell. is placed here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-445). Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Lake Co.: ea-(xe); 86-(Mt63—186). Cuastrum evarettense Wolle crassum (Presc. & Scott) Jack. fa. 1. P1. 34 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 91-102.9u: T8. 47.5-51.8u: BI. 17.0-17.5p; T. 31-33.8p. Cells of medium size, approximately twice as long as broad; sinus linear: semicells campanulate; three lobed; lateral lobes broadly rounded; polar lobe slightly dilated, apex convexo-truncate with a short median incision: lateral margins convex; semicells with two protuberances across middle of semicell, and between the lateral lobes (obscure in face view): a faint protuberance also present above the isthmus, but below and be- tween the other two protuberances previously mentioned. Side view basically as ih the typical form. Vertical view differing 172 in that the supra-isthmal swelling can be seen from the top. This is be- cause the cells are not as thick in the area above the protuberance as they usually are in the typical form. Cell wall coarsely scrobiculate. This is the form resembling Ducellier's (18) illustration (fig. 23) of g, ansgtum var. robustum. Very rare. Known from a single collection in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(01). Eugstrum evarettense Wolle var. crassum (Presc. & Scott) Jack. fa. 2 P1. 34 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 106.8p; T8. 49.8p; BI. 18.8p. This plant was found growing with plants considered as typical var. crassum. It differs from var. crassum in its reduced form in lacking the undulation of the lateral margins, which is usually seen in face view and also in possessing generally broader apex. Although prominences are not visible in face view, they are seen when the cell is viewed from the top, or the side, thus in this respect the cell is similar to the type. In checking the original drawings by Scott, the author found an illustration (No. 1051) of a plant which is similar to the one illustrated here. Scott notes indicate E, 22g§3m_ var. crassum. "Proportionally not as wide as usual. Facial swelling very low. wall scrobiculate all over.“ His measurements of the cell are slightly larger than mine. (L. 112p, w. 57p, 1.18p.) The plant somewhat resembles,§. ansatum group, but as indicated pre- viously, that species is a smaller and delicate desmid. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(01). 173 Eunntrum evolutum west & West. with one exception (collection locality 195) this species was only collected west of the continental divide. It is a fairly common desmid in this region, being represented by three varieties and, presently, an unnamed forma of one of those. my concept of the species would include g, ggcbecensa Irénde-Marie as a variety, or possible just as a forma. Euastrum evolutum west & Nest var. guiananse (Racib.) West & West, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.,33: p. 292. 1898. P1. 37 fig. 10. Measurements: TL. 43.0-46.8P; T8. 28.0-30.8p; BI. 7.8-8.5p. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63-450). Lake Co.: 86-188). Lincoln Co.: l-(4184). Euastrum evolutm West & west var. intenrius Test & west, Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot.5, p. 224, pl. 14, fig. 23-25. 1896. P1. 37 fig. 13. fleasurements: TL. 52.0-59.8p; T8. 33.5-34.5p; BI. 7.5-9.gp. Very rare. Collected from a-single locality in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Eugstrum evolutum var. integrius west & West fa. turgidum Scott & Presc.,Hydrobiologia Vol. 4: p. 581. pl. 3 figs 4,5. 1952. P1. 3? fig. 9 Measurements: TL. 48.0-54.8p: T8. 34.0-35.5p: BI. 8.0-9.Qp. Plants most like Scott and Prescott'e figure 5. I also believe that E, ggehecense Irénee-Marie, is best considered as synonymous with this form or at least should be placed with this species. 174 Distribution: Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co.: 21-(Mt63-1fl1). Euastrum evolutum west & West var. poriforum (Pres. & Scott) Jackson nov. comb. (E, turneri West & West var. pgriforum Pres. a Scott, Hydrobiol.4(4) p. 392, pl. 3, fig. 6. 1952). P1. 37 fig. 11. Measurements: TL. 40.0-47.8u; T8. 26.0-30.Bp; BI. 6.0-9.9“. The nature of the apical lobe, with its deep linear to slightly Open incision, the general slape of its margin, and the presence of two mucilage pores above the facial protuberances of the semicell, indicates that this variety is more closely related to g, evolutum than to g, turneri Nest and west. This was the most often encountered variety of this species and occurred in two forms distinguished primarily on the basis of size. Moderately rare. Distribution: Dawson Co.: 195-(Mt64-166). Flathead Co.: 27-(mt63-450, 451). Lake Co.:1-(4184); 87-(Mt64-64); 95-(Mt62-60). Ravalli Co.: 115- (mt63-27o). Euastrum evolutum west & west var. pgriferum (Pres.&Scott) Jack. fa. P1. 37 figs. 7,8. Measurements: TL. 35.0-39.8u; TB. 21.5-26.8p; BI. 4.0-5.5p. Plants differing from the typical form of the variety in their smal- ler dimensions and reduced ornamentation. This was the most frequently collected form of the variety. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 4?-(Mt63-412,414). Lake Co.: 94-(7Mon15); 95-(Mt62-60); 97-(mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-129); 5_(Mt63-137); 11-(mt63-123); 20-(mt63-91). 175 Euastrum_gayengm de Toni, Syll. A19. 1, p. 1075. 1889. I P1. 36 fig. 14. Measurements: TL. 11.5-12.8p: TB. 11.8p; BI. 2.7-3.8p. Very rare. Collected from a bog in the northwest. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-l3). Euastrum gammatum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 87, t.14, fig. 4, 1848. var. gammatum. P1. 38 fig. 5 Measurements: TL. 58.5-58.8p: TB. 35.7-41.5p; BI. 8.4-12.Qp. This species was only collected west of the continental divide. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63-450, Kidd*); 29-(H.L.1): 31- (4181, 4182, Kidd’). Previously reported by Kidd (63) from collection localities 27 and 31e Euastrum oemnatum Breb. var. algtgm_Kossinskaja, Not. Syst. Sec. Cryptog. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR, 6, 1-6, p. 43, t.1,fig. 4 1949. P1. 38 fig. 3. Measurments: TL. 43.0-52.8p: TB. 32.2-39.8p: BI. 8.0-11.Qu. Encountered more frequently than var. gemmatum, but only collected west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 31-(4183; (Kidd*). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42): 127e(6Mon41). Lincoln Co.: 15-(Mt62-28). Euastrum humerosum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 82, t. 13, fig. 2. 1848. P1. 33 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 120-144.Qp; TB. 70.5-76.8p; BI. 17.5-23.8”. 176 This is a rather rare species, only collected in the northwest. Only a few specimens were seen. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Lake Co.: 85-(Mt63-47); 86- (Mt63-187, Sieminska’). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Eunstrum insulara (Nittr.) Bay This was a very commonly collected species in western Montana, some- times gathered in abundance. However, the vast majority of the collect- ing sites are in the northwest. In addition to the typical form three varieties were encountered. guestrum insularg (wittr.) Roy, Scott. Naturalist. 1877. var. insulgre. P1. 36 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 20.0-21.8u; TB. 13.0-13.5p: BI. 4.0-4.5u. The typical form was very rare in the author's collections, being known from a single locality (A bog 6800 feet) in the northwest. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lDD-(Mt63-419). Euastrum insulare (Mittr.) Roy var. basichondrum Maseikomer, Hedwigia, 78: p. 162, t. 2. figs. 14,15. 1938. P1. 36 fig. 11. Measurements: TL. 30.0-34.5p: TB. 21.0-24.5p: BI. 5.0-6.5p. Cell walls sometimes distinctly punctate, other times not so. Moderately rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Granite Co.: 128-(Mt63-385). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399); 47-(Mt63-412). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-130). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-159). 177 Euastrum insulare (thr.) Roy var. lecustre (Messik.) Krieger, Desmid. in Rabenhorst. Krypto-Fl. 13(1), Leif. 4, p. 556, t. 75, figs. 15-18. 1937. P1. 36 fig. 12. Measurements: TL. 29.0-33.5p: TB. 20.0-23.5 ; BI. 4.57.Qp. Cells with wall sometimes coarsely punctate, other times appearing smooth. This variety is moderately rare and is present in both the northern and southern montane. Distribution: Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63-384). Flathead Co: 23-(Mt63-399) 47-(Mt63-412). Gallatin Co.: l40-(Mt64-130). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-15) Granite Co.: 128-(Mt63-385). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-66). Lincoln Co.: 20- (Mt63-90); 21-(mt63-103). Euastrum insulare (wittr.) Roy var. silesiacum Grbnbl.,Soc. Scient. Fenn. Comm. Biol. 2,5, p. 13, t. 1. fig. 26, 27. 1927. P1. 6 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 19.0-24.0p: TB. 14.0-16.5p: BI. 3.3-5.0p. This was the most frequently collected form of the species, some- times gathered.in large numbers. However, it was only found west of the continental divide. Common. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63-451, Mon 25): 29-(H.L.l). Lake Co.: Bl-(Mt63-206): 82-(Mt63-200); aa-(xe); 87-(Mt64-64); 88.-(Mt63-197); 89- (Mt63-388); 95-(Mt62-58). Lincoln Co.: 1-(4184): 9-(Mt63-154): lO-(Mt63- 156): lS-(Mt62-27). Ravalli Co.: lll-(Mt63-248): 112-0m:63-261):rllS-(Mt 63-274). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163): 74-(Mt63-l7l). 17B Euastrum grescottii sp. nov. Pl. 36 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 17.0-19.Qp; TB. 13.5-16.Qp; BI. 6.2-7.Qu; T. 10.5-11.6p. Cells minute, 1-l.2 times longer than broad, sinus widely open but narrowed toward the isthmus: semicells three-lobed, basal angles sub- acutely rounded, Upper part of the lateral margins concave; apex broad "and retuse-emarginate in the middle. Side View of semicell quadrate- pyramidate, basal angles broadly rounded, apex trilobulate. Vertical view rhomboid-rectangular, angles rounded, poles bilobulate, prominent protuberance at the middle on each side, a small swelling between pro- tuberance and polar angles, or side margins concave, polar lobe trilo- bulate at both ends. Cell wall appearing smooth, but after staining a linear series (4) of pores visible on face. Very rare. Known from a single locality in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-500), guestrum luetkemullggi Ducell, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneva, 2 set. 10, p. 134, fig. 123, 1918. var. lgetkemulle:i. Pl. 36 fig. 15. Measurements: TL. 19.5-21.6p; TB. 13.5-14,Qp; BI. 4.5-5.Qp. Very rare. Known from a bog in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Glacier Co.: SA-(MtBZ-ll). Euastrum luetkemulleri Ducell., var. carniolicum (LUtk.) Krieger, Desmid.in Rabenhorst Krypto.-Fl. 13(1) Leif 4, p, 561, t. 80, fig. 5-7. 1937. P1. 36 fig. 10. Measurements: TL. 24.5-26.Qp: TB. 16.0-1B.Qp: BI. 5.0-6.2p. 179 Very rare. This variety was encountered in a collection from a bog in Glacier National Park, occuring along with the typical form. Distribution; Glacier Co.: S4-(Mt62-ll). guestrum montanum West & west. Proc. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 23, p. 14, t. 1, fig. 11. 1905. P1. 36 fig. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 23.0-24.9p; TB. l7.5-18.Qu; BI. 5.0-6.Qp. Very rare. Known from Sghagnum "squeezings" and plankton of a high altitude (6600 feet) oligotrophic lake west of the continental divide. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-257, 261.) Euastrum'gggggg'Josh., Journ. Linn. Soc. London Bot. 21, p. 638. t. 23, fig. 19, 20. 1886. var. gggggn. P1. 34 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 96.Qp; TB. 49.Qp: l7.Bu. Very rare. Known to the author from a single collection taken from a lake in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. however not found there by the author. {WW (Grev.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 80, t. 12, fig. 2- 90 18480 var. ObIOIQUme pl. 33 figs. 2,40 Measurements: TL. 138.0-174.Qp: TB. 69.0-86.qu: BI. 23.0-29.qu. This species was only collected in western Montana, primarily west of the continental divide, where it is of common occurrence. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l34-(Mt63-319,324); l35-(Mt63-331). Flet- head Co.: 22-(6Mon3l). 24-(Mt63-4D6); 27-(Mon 25 , Mt63-450); 31-(4182). 180 39-(Mt63-77,80). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41): 128-(Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-207); aa-(cs); 85-(Mt63-47); BB-(Mt63-lB7); 88-(Mt63-l97); 95- (Mt62-58). Lincoln Co.: lO-(Mt63-IS7): l4-(Mt63-76). Ravalli Co.: 115- (Mt63-27D): 119-(Mt63-3DS).Senders Co.: 76-(Mt63-193). Euastrum pactinatum Breb. var. brachylohum Wittr. 81h. till K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1, p. 48, t. 4. fig. 5. 1872. P1. 35 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 68.0-70.8p; TB. 44.0-4S.Qp: BI. 11.0-14.Qp: Calls intergrading into 5, pactinatum var. rostratum Taylor. Very rare. Encountered by the writer only in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon43). Euastrum pectinatum Breb. var. rostratum Taylor, Mich. Acad. of Sci. Arts and Letters, vol. 20, p. 206, pl. 41, fig. 4, 1934, P1. 35 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 54.0-65.8u; TB. 41.0-43.5p: BI. 11.0-12.6p. Raregcollected only west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-SDD); 29-(H.L.1): 3S-(Mt63-93). Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-lll). Euastrum gectinatum Bréb. var. rostratum Taylor fa. . P1. 35 fig. 3._ Measurements: TL. 620u: TB. 42.Qp3 BI. 9.76p. Cells differing from the typical form of the variety by possessing a ring of granules (probably hardened mucilage) at the apex and by hav- ing the semicell walls coarsely punctate. Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lQ-(Mt63-lll). 181 Euastrum sibiricum Boldt, vaer. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 42(2): p. 99, t. 5. fig. 2.1885. P1. 36 fig. 16. Measurements: TL. 19.0-20 p; TB. 15.5-16.8p; BI. 2.5-2.8p. Very rare. Known to the author from localities in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-188). Lincoln Co.: l-(4184). ggpstrum sinuosum Lenorm. Although this species is represented by four varieties in Montana, none occur in any abundance. Known only from the northwest. Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 85. 1848. var. sinuosum f. sinuosum. P1. 31 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 70.0-71.8p; TB. 40.5-41.Qp: BI. 12.0-12.5u. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-445). Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. var. sinuosum f. scrobiculatum_Nordst. Acta. Univ. Lund. vol. 9, p. 9. 1873. P1. 31 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 70.5-72.8p; TB. 40.5-42.8u: BI. 12.5-13.Qu. Although this forma was only collected from one site, it was gathered in greater abundance than any other form of this species. It occurs along with the typical form and intergrades with it. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-444,445, 500). Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. var. aboense (Elfr.) Cedergr. Ark. f. Bot.,25, A. p. 35. 1932. P1. 31 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 56.0-62-5p: TB. 35.5-38.5p: BI. ll.0-l3.Qp.~ 182 Very rare. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lUO-(Mt63-419). guestrum sinuosum Lenorm. var. ggfiggtgm,west and West, Journ. Bot., 35, p. 83. 1897. P1. 31 fig. 4 Measurements: TL. 64.0-66.5p; TB. 40.0-43.8u: BI. 14.9p. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-187, v1, Sieminska‘). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for this same locality. Euastrum turneri West, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.,29, p. 141, t. 20, fig. 18. 1892. var. turneri. P1. 37 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 38.0-4D.qu: rs. 27.0-2s.qu: BI. 8.0-9.qu. Rare. Known to the author solely from collection taken west of the continental divide. Distribution: Lake Co.:TBZ-(Mt63-201): 84-(XB); 86-(Mt63-188). Euastrum turneri west, fa. P1. 37 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 27.0-30.8p: TB. 19.-23.8p; BI. 5.5-6.8p. Plants differing from the type by their smaller dimensions. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-257). Euastrum validum west 8 west, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. ser. 2,5, p. 245, t. 14, fig. 32,33. 1896. P1. 36 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 25.0-26.gu: re. 16.0-ia.qp: BI. 4.5-5.gu. Very rare. Collected from the northwest and only few specimens 183 observed. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(01, X8); 86-(Mt63-188), Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. This species was one of the most common Euastrg collected, and although almost exclusively restricted to the western Montana, it was also found in the northeast. It exhibits considerable morphological variation, being represented in the desmid flora by five varieties in addition to the typical form, and by a number of forma, one of which is new to science. Dne plant has simply been entered as belonging to the species. Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb.,in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 79, t. 11, fig._2, 1848. var. vgrrucosum. P1. 39 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 101.0-11.Qp: TB. 92.0-104.Dp; BI. 22.0-25.8u. The typical form was collected in the northwest as well as the northf east. It is represented in the collection by two forms which differ in dimensions and most important, in the nature of the sinus. The plants listed here have a linear sinus. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181): Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260), Sheridan Co.: lBB-(Mt63-20). u str er cosum Ehrenb. var. verrucosum morpha. 1L_JEL___.. ._.___._.__ P1. 39 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 112.0-126.0p: TB. 93.5-112.Qp: BI.22.5-24.Qp. I. 44.0-72.8p. Differing from the typical (above) by its generally larger dimensions and by its sinus which is open, or half linear and half open. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 37-(Mt63-B4). Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-lll). 184 Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. elatum Wolle, Desmids of the United States and list. of American Pediastrum, Bethlehem, Pa., p. 101, t. 20, fig. 4. 1184 f. alatum, P1. 40 figs. 5,7, Measurements: TL. 80.0-96.8p; TB. 72.0-82.8p; BI. 18.0-21.8p. This variety is well represented in the author's collections. It was encountered in both the northern and southern montane regions and in three formae in addition to the typical form, one of which is believed new. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 133-(Mt63-316). Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4) Lake Co.: 86-(Sieminska*); 91-(Schindler*), Lincoln Co.: 21-(Mt63-97), Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265). Sanders Co.: 71-(Mt63-164), 'Previously reported by Schindler (54) from collection locality 91 and by Sieminska (65) for 86. Euastrum verruccsgm_£hrenb. var. algtgm.wolle forma alpinum Huber-Pest., Arch. f. Hydrobiol,, 12, H, 3, p, 429, text. fig. 14, 1931. P1. 40 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 96.0-103.Dp; TB. 75.0-81.8p; BI. 20.5-22.8p. The convex nature of the upper portion of the basal lobes indi- cates, I believe, that the plant would be more properly placed as a forma of var. subalatum Huber-Pest., than listed here, but, until the genus undergoes a revision, I shall follow the original author's inter- pretation. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-187). 185 Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. alatum wolle fa. cyclone fa. nov. P1. 40 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 79.0-86.0p; TB. 66.0-71.0p; BI. 18.0-22.0p; T. 37.5- 45.0p. Plants differing from the typical form of the varieties in its smaller diemnsions and larger facial protuberance in pr0portion to size of the semicell. Very rare. Collected only in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63-4ll); 25-(Mt63-407). Eyestrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. gigggm Wolle fa. extensum Presc. & Scott, Hydrobiol. vol. 4(4): p. 394, p1. II, fig. 6. 1952. P1. 39 fig. 3; P1. 40 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 103-106,0p: TB. 97.0-102.0p; BI. 21.0-23.5p. Cells larger than the original described plant. Rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 133-(Mt63-314). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon 25). Lincoln Co.: 12-(Mt63-68), Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. redugtum Nordst., Acta Univ. Lund. 16, p. 9, t. 1, fig. 14. 1880. P1. 41 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 94.0-100,0p; TB. 76.0-84.0p; BI. 22.05-23.5p. This very rare plant was collected from two widely separated sites, one small roadside pond, in south-central Montana, the other a lake in the northeast corner of the state. Very rare. 186 Distribution: Callatin Co.: l4l-(Mt64-126). Sheridan Co.: 188-(Mt63- 16,17,18,19). Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. rhomboidaum Lund. fa. pteryqoideum Huber-Pest., Arch. f. hydrobiol. 22, p. 444, text fig. 3?. 1931. P1. 39 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 114.0-128.0p; TB. 116.0-124.0p; BI. 23.0-25.5p. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. schoenavii Kaiser, Krypt. Forsch. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1(4), , p. 221, text fig. 9. 1919, pl. 41 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 95.0-100.0u; TB. 67.0-71.0p: BI. 22.0-23.5p. The Montana plants, in side view, agree well with Kaiser's illustra- tion and fairly well in the apical view. However, in face view my plants possess a linear sinus while Krieger's (37) figure (t. 96, fig. 3) of the variety indicates a sinus which is at least halfway Dpen. Very rare. Known from a lake in the northeast corner of the state. Distribution: Sheridan Co.: lBB-(Mt63—l7), Euastrum verrucosum Ehrenb. var. subalatum Huber-Pest., Arch f. Hydrobiol. 22, p. 431, text fig. 17. 1931. P1. 40 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 82.0-102.0p; TB. 65.0-86.0u: BI. 19.0-24.0u. Primarily collected west of the continental divide where it is of moderate occurrence. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 13S-(Mt63-339). Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). 187 Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-80, Sieminska*): 88-(Mt63-197); 95-(Mt62-59), Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-17l): 76-(Mt63-176). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Egastrum varrucosum Ehrenb. fa. P1. 41 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 64.0w: TB. 54,0p: BI. 20,0u. This plant has the general shape of E, verrucosum. However, it is completely devoid of granules or decorated protuberances. Only a single specimen was seen, so it was believed best simply to enter the plant as belonging to the species. Distribution: Sheridan Co.: lBB-(Mt63-19). Euastrum sp. 1. P1. 36 fig. 13. Measurements: TL. 17.5-18.0p; TB. 11.0-12.0p; BI. 3.0-4.0p. Cells minute, approximately 1.5 times as long as broad, deeply constricted: sinus linear: semicells truncate pyramidate, three-lobed: polar lobe broad, retuse-emarginate in the middle, angles acutely rounded; lateral lobes, low: basal lobe angles somewhat angular to rounded. Side view of semicell ovate. Vertical view elliptical. Plants closest to g, insulare but like the distinctly exerted apical lobe present in that species. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-72). Euastrum sp. 2. P1. 31 fig. 1 188 Measurements: TL. 43.0p; TB. 23.5p: BI. 9.0p. This very rare plant was collected only once, and is considered a monstrosity presently defying a sensible written description. Collected from a high altitude (6800) bog. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lDD-(Mt63-4l9). 9. [Ecrasteriag_Agarh, 1827, The genus Micrasterias was only encountered in collections from western Montana, these almost entirely from the northwest. Thirty- five ‘ taxa were identified, representing twenty species. Eight additional unnamed forms were also found. Thus, it is the fifth largest genus quali- tatively. Although possessing a greater number of taxa, and known from a greater number of collection localities, the genus has a smaller dis- tributional range than such genera as Conatozyoon and Pleurotaenium. which are of lesser importance in these respects (see map no. 23). It should be mentioned here, however, that Pleurotaenium was more abundant in numbers of individuals encountered. Micrasterias was more frequently observed by the author (qualitatively and quantitatively) in collections from ponds at lower elevations (at or below 3800 feet) than in any other aquatic habitat. Micrasterias americana (Ehrenb.) Ralfs Micrasterias americana appeared in collections from both the northern and southern montane. It was, however, encountered but once in the south, while being of moderate occurrence in the north. The specimens studied are placed below in three groups which one may consider as: the typical form (var. americana): a form of the typical: and a form of var. boldtii Gutw. Or, one may look upon these 189 groups as representing: the typical form: a variety of the species, and finally a reduced form of that variety. This latter form possesses the basic morphological characteristics of an existing variety of the species, namely var. boldtii. The interpretation, of course, is dependent upon which characteristics one considers significant and uses in segregating the taxa. . I believe there is a distinct variety in addition to the typical form, and a reduced form of that variety. Micrasterigg americana (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. XIX, 1848. var. amerigana. P1. 46 fig. 3, pl. 47 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 162-180.0u; TB. 132.0-135.0u: BI. 31.0-32.0u: BPL. 71.0-80.0p. This plant was the largest form encountered by the author. Rare. Known only from collections obtained from west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 30-(Kidd*). Ravalli Co.: llB-(Mt63-300): 119-(Mt63-302). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 30. flicrasterias_emericana (I new variety?). P1. 47 figs. 2-7. Measurements: TL. 128.0-156.Qp3 TB. lDS.0-l37.0p: BI. 22.5-27.9p: BPL. 55.0-69.0p. Cells of moderate size, a little longer than broad, deeply con- stricted, sinus open or rarely partially closed: semicells five-lobed: polar lobe cunnate (fig. 6), or eubquadrate at base and then dilated 190 toward the upper half (Figs. 3-7) with angles produced into diverging processes which may be denticulate along their upper margin (fig. 6), a pair of smaller, asymmetrically disposed, accessory processes present: incisions between polar and superior lobes open: lateral lobes equal- subequal, incisions between superior and inferior lateral lobes, shallow and usually widely open; superior lateral lobes divided into two lobules (figs. 3,4) with inner margins denticulate, or four lobules (figs. 2, 7), the two proximal lobules smaller than the distal ones. Cell wall with scattered acute granules; usually one, rarely two, rows of larger acute granules along each side of sinus: papilla generally present on central protuberance above isthmus, additional papillate protuberances may be developed on either side of central protuberance (fig. 7): pair of papi- llae at base of incisions between superior and polar lobes. The above description is based solely on material seen by the author. This plant is not new to science, being previously reported by Irénée-Marie (39), Prescott and Scott (42), and Taft (31) but entered as var. americana or form thereof. Brook's (57) and Prescott and Scott's (42) plants listed under‘fl. mehabuleshwarensis Hobs. var. dichotomg Smith, are probably also the same. The Montana plants are most like Irenee-Marie's, from Canada. The plants are separated from the typical form by their more slender polar processes, and the more elaborate ornamentation of the semicells, the paired papillae at the base of the polar incisions being a most characteristic and constant feature. The plants are generally, also smaller. Smith (24) indicates that two prominent spines, placed as above, are quite characteristic of all specimens of the species (typical form) 191 he had observed. However, these are papillae, or, at least very large acute granules. Furthermore, the plants considered the typical are gen- erally larger, more robust (Compare fig. 3, pl. 46, and fig. 1, pl. 47), and not as ornate. Because this is a previously known entity, and one of considerable variability, the author believed it best to merely enter the plants as belonging to the species, until such a time as the author can consult other phycologist. This was the most commonly encountered form of the species. Col- lected in both the northern and southern montane region. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(mt63-330, 339, 340). Flathead Co.: 27-(mt63-451). Lake Co.: 81-(Nt63-206), Lincoln Co.: lZ-(mt63-67), Missoula Co.: 102-(mt62-S). Sanders Co.: 74-(mt63-l71); 76-(mt63-176). Micrastegjug_amaricana_(amicrasterias apericana var. boldtii Gutw.?) Pl. A6 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 118.0-130.Qp; TB. 100.0-102.Qp; BI. 21.0-24.5p: BPL. 55.0-61.Qp. As previously indicated under the general discussion of this species, these plants have the basic morphological characteristics of var. leggii (reduced form). They differ from it in possessing the paired papillae at the base of the polar incisions. Consequently, I believe they are reduced forms of the plants listed above, and not a reduced form of the typical Very rare. Whereas, other forms In. americana. were generally col- lected at elevation at or below 3800 feet, this form was gathered from two localities, one at 5280 feet, the other 7000 feet. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Lake Co.: 86-(mt62-77). 192 Micrasterias brachyptera Lund., Nova, Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsala, ser. 3,8, p. 12, t. 1, fig. 4 1871. var. brachyptera. P1. 49 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 206.0-210.Qp; TB. ldS.D-lSD.Op: BI. 30.0-32.Dp; BPL. 55.0-60.Qp. This was a very rare species in the collections, being known from only two localities in the northwest. Two forms were encountered. The one listed first is considered identical to the type. The other, is simply entered as an unnamed forma. The forma differs in possessing a less inflated polar lobe; a lesser number of lobulations: an open sinus and coarser spines. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(01). Micrasterias brachyptera Lund. fa. Pl, 49 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 184,0-190.qp; TL. 155.0-160.Qp: BI. 3l.qp: BPL. 45.0- 57.0p. ‘Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-446). Micrasterig§_confarta Lund., Nova Acta Rag, Soc. Sceint. Upsala, ser. 3,8, p. 14, t. l, fig.S. 1871. P1. 48 fig. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 95.0-98.Qp; TB. 82.0-90.Qp; BI. 24.5-26.Qp: BPL. 43.0-46.Qp. Very rare. Collected from a high altitude lake (6600 feet) east of the continental divide. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-258,26D). 193 Micrasteriaa crux-mnlitquL (Ehrenb.) Hass., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 73, t. 9, fig. 3, 1848. var. crux-melitensi. P1. 44 figs. 1,3. Measurements: TL. 110.4-l3B.Qp: TB. 108.0-125.Qu: BI. 14.0-20.Qp3 BPL. 42.0-52.Dp. One of the more frequently collected species of Micrasterias but only known to the author from the northwest. It was gathered from a variety of lentic habitats (bog, lake, pond, etc.) which were at or be- low 4000 feet. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon32): 23-(Mt63-ADD). Lake Co.: 87- (Mt64-64); 94-(7Mon15): 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-142): 6- (Mt63-146): 12-(Mt63-67): 19-(Mt63-lll). Micrasterias Erux-mslitensi (Ehrenb.) Hass., var. crux-msliten§i_fa. P1. 44 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 128.Dp; TB. 119.Dp; BI. 19.Qu: BPL. 45.Qp. Differing from the type in the appearance of the apical lobe and. the greater number of lobulations of the superior lateral lobes. Col- lected along with the typical form. Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-142). Micrasterias decemdentata (Naeg.) Arch. in Pritchard Hist. of Inf. ed. a, p. 726. 1861. fa. pl. 44 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 67.5-71.3p: TB. 69.0-70.Dp: BI. 19.5-20.qP. BPL. 48.0-50.Qp. Very rare. Only two specimens seen. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4133). 194 Midrasterias denticulata Breb. var. angulosafiLHantzsch.) West & west, Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. 32,sect. 8(1): p.30. 1902. P1. 55 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 170.05174.Qp; TB. 212.0-215.Qp; BI. 34.0-36.Qp; BPL. 57.0-6D.Qp. Very rare. See comments under m. verruccsa Roy. Distribution: Glacier Co.: S4-(2Mon8), 64-(Mt61-2), Micrasterias depauperata Nordst. var. kitchclii (Wolle) west & west, Trans. Linn. Soc. of Land. sec.ser. Bot.5(5): p.239. 1896. P1. 44 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 136,0-140.Qp; TB. 140.0-150.gp; BI. 19.0-20.Qp; BPL. 90.0-105.Qp, Very rare. Known to the writer only from the plankton of a high altitude (6600 feet) oligotrOphic lake in the northwest. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Micrasterias fimbriata Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p.?1, t.8, fig.2. 1848. var. fimbriata fa. fimbriata. P1. 49 fig. 1. 1easurements: TL. 228.0-234.Qp; TB. 205.0-209.Qp; BI. 20.0-3D.Dp; BPL. 48.0-50.qp. This Species was collected in two forms of which the typical form was by far the rarer.. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Lake Co.: 84 (Q1). 195 Micrasterigg fimbriatg Ralfs var. fimhrieta fa. sninosa (Bissett) Creasd, Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc. 75(1); p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 5. 1956. P1. 49 fig. 3,6. Measurements: TL. 227.0-265.QM3 TB. 192.0-222.Dp; BI. 26.0-31.Qu: BPL. 47.0-61.§p. Moderately rare. Distribution: Galcier Co.: 54 -(Mt62-18). Lake Co.: 82-(Mt63-199); 83-(Mt63-102). Lincoln Co.: lS-(Mt62-26): 19-(Mt63-109). Ravalli Co.: ll-(Mt63-249); 112-(Mt63-260), Micrasterias fimbrinta Ralfs var. fimbriata fa. spinosa (Bissett) Croasd., morpha. P1. 49 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 210.0-220.Qp: TB. 191.Dp; BI. 26.Dp; BPL. 47.0-4B.qp. Differing in the reduced number of body spines. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lB-(Mt63-109). Micrasterias jennari Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 76, t. 11, fig. 1. 1848. P1. 46 fig. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 117.0-13B.Qp; TB. 94.5-107.Qp: BI. 24.0-27.Qp: BPL. 62.0-66.Qp. Very rare. Known only from a single locality (bog) in the north- west. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Micrasterias laticeos Nordst., Vidensk. Medd. f.d. naturk. Foren i m Kjobenhavn. No. 14-15 p. 220, t.2, fig. 14, 1870. var. laticegs. P1. 42 figs. 10,11. 196 Measurements: TL. l32.0-144,Dp; TB. l49.0-lBS.Qp; BI. 20.0-24.Dp3 BPL. l3l.0-l76.9p. Moderately rare. Known only from west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1): 31-(4181, Kidd*). Lake Co.: 82- (Mt63-l99): 83-(Mt63-202). Lincoln Co.: 10-(Mt63-155). Previously reported by Kidd (63) from collection locality 31. Micrasterias laticeps Nordst. var. £53253 Presc., Pap. Mich. Acad. of Sci. Arts and Letters, 20, p. 166, pl. 25, fig. 7. 1935. P1. 42 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 110-114.Qp; TB. l33.Qp: BI. 20.9w. Very rare. Collected once, from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Micrastsrias muricata (Bailey) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 210. 1848. P1. 44 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 175.0—202.qp: TB. 122.0-133p; BI. 24.0-24.5p: BPL. 87.0-102.Qp. Very rare. Known to author from a single plankton collection from a high altitude (6600 feet) oligotrophic lake in the northwest. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Micrasteriag papillifera Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 72, t. 9 fig. 1, 184B.var. pagillifera. Pl. 48 figs. 4,6. Measurements: TL. 130.0-146.Qp: TB. 119.0-123.Dp: BI. 19.0-21.5p: BPL. 32.0-39.9p. This species was one of the few collected in both the northern and southern Montane. In addition to var. pagilliferg, var. spinosa (Wolle) 197 Krieger, was also gathered, the latter being encountered more frequently. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Micrasterias pagillifera Breb. var. sgeciosa (Wolle) Krieger, Desmid. in Rabenhorst's, Krypto.-Flo. 13(2): p. 90. t. 130, fig. 3. 1939. P1. 48 figs. 3,5. Measurements: TL. l42.D—lSB.Dp; TB. 125.0-136.Qp; BI. 17.0-20.0p: BPL. 37.0-46.5”. Krieger and Bourrelly (56) transferred this variety to E, ggggg: tggggg_(Cushm) Krieger. However, I believe the plant is properly placed with'fl, gapillifera and have retained it here. Rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l3S-(Mt63-339). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt53- 451.) Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Ravalli Co.: 119-(Mt63-304). Micrasterias ginnatifida (Kuetz.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 77, t. 10, fig. 3. 184B. var. Qinnatlfldg. P1. 42 figs. 1-5. Measurements: TL. 60.5-75.9p; TB. 61.0-83.3u; BI. lD.5-l9.Dp; BPL. 36.0-61.0p. Although this plant is only known from the northwest it was one of the more frequently encountered species of the genus. In addition to the typical form, one variety was collected, but it was of much rarer occurrence. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 31-(Kidd*). Glacier Co. 54- (Mt62-23). Lake Co.: 84(01): BB-(Mt62-BD): B7-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co:: 2-(Mt63-l4l): l9e(Mt63-llD-lll). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-19l). 19B Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31. Micresterias pinnntifida (Kuetz.) Balfs var. gfsudoscitons Gronbl. Act. Soc. Fauna, F1. Fenn.47(4):p.36, t. 6, fig. 7,8. 1920. P1. 42 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 63.0-7D.qp: TB. 71.0-73.Qp; BI. 12.0-15.9p: BPL. 46.0-52.0p. Very rare. Known to the author from two localities in the north- west. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399); 31-(4181). Lake Co.: 86- (Sieminska'). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) from collection locality 86 but not found there by the author. flgcrastarias pinnatifida (Kuetz.) Ralfs var. pseudoscitans Gronb. fa. P1. 42 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 80.9p; TB. BB.Qp; BI. 13.Qp: BPL. 57.0-60.QM. Plant differing by its more inflated basal lobes and more convex polar lobe. Collected along with the usual form of the variety. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). ,flicrasterias radians Turn., K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 25(5)p. 92, t. 5, fig. 62. 1892. var. rgdigns P1. 45 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 126.Qp: TB. 119.9p: BI. 16.Qp: BPL. 52.Qp. This plant appears to be similar to that illustrated by Krieger (39) as similar to the type on plate 115, fig. 8. However, it also resembles'fl,crux-meliten§i§, but differs from that species in having the base of the polar lobe narrower and with longer diverging processes and by possessing much longer and more slender lobules. 199 Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 15-(Mt62-28). Migrasterias radiate Hass., Hist. Brit.Froshw. Alg. London, p. 386. t. 90, fig. 2, 1845. var. radigtg P1. 45 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 144-182.8p; T8. l31.0-164.Dp; BI. 19.5-24.8p: BPL. 65.0-82.8p. This species was collected only west of the continental divide where it is moderately rare. In addition to the typical form one variety was found. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon 25); 31-(Kidd*). Glacier Co.: 54- (Mt62-ll). Lake Co.: 84-(X8); 95-(mt52-59), Lincoln Co.: lD-(Mt63- 157); 15-(Mt62-28). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l76). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collecting locality 31. Migrasterias radiate Hass. var. pseudorux Grbnbl., Acta Soc. Fauna. Fl. Fenn. 47, p. 37, t. 6. fig. 12-14. 1920. P1. 45 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 154.Dp; T8. 137.8p: BI. 21.8p: BPL. 70.8w. Very rare. Known to the writer from a single locality (pond 2181 feet) in the northwest. Distribution: Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163). Micrasterias radiosg Ralfs Although this species was only collected in the northwest, it was one of the most commonly encountered_Micrasterias spp. In addition to the typical form, one variety and a forms were found. 200 flicrasteriaglradiosa Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 72, t. 8, fig. 3, 1848. var. radiosg. P1. 50 figs. 1,5. Measurements: TL. 118.0-163.Dp; T8. lU9.D-l47.8p: BI. 15.0-20.8p: BPL. 2D.O-29.Qp. A few Specimens included here under the typical (collection vials marked below with an asterisk) possessed semicells which appeared to be covered with mucilaginous concretions (see figure 5). Surface details of the cell wall of such plants are difficult to make out. They generally appear granular Plants of moderate occurrence in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399,4DD*). Lake Co.: 8?-(Mt64-65*), Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-l4l*).; 4-(Mt63-l33); 9«(Mt63-154); 19-(mt63-110, 111). Micrastsrias radiosa Ralfs var. ggggtg Norstd., Vid. Medd. nat. Foerm. Kjobenhavn 14-15, p. 223, t. 2, fig. 11. 1870. fa. gglgflgg ' pl. 50 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 132.0-198.Dp: TB. 125.0-194.Qp; BI. 15.0-21.5p: BPL. 22.0-3D.Qp. This was the most often encountered form of the species. Moderately common. Distribution: Flathead co.: 23-(Mt63-4DD); 29-(Mt66-H.L.l): 46-(Mt62- 1). Lake Co.: eo-(xa); 86—(Mt63-l88); 95-(Mt62-59). Lincoln Co.: 2- (Mt63-l41): 6-(Mt63-145, 146): l9-(Mt63-llD). Senders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163) 73-(Mt63-166). Micrasterias radiosg Ralfs var. ornate Nordst. fa. elegantior (6.5. West) Smith, Wiscon. Cool. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 57; p. 47, t. 60, fig. 4. 19240 201 P1. 50 figs. 4,6. Measurements: TL. 181.0-228.Bp; TB. 178.5-203.Qu: BI. 12.3-21.Qp3 BDL. 23.5-32.9u. Krieger (39) considered this plant a distinct variety but a number of intermediate forms between it and fa. ornate, were observed. Conse- quently, the original interpretation of the plant seems correct to me. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25); 31-(4182). Glacier Co.: 54- (mt62-17); 63-(Mt63-218). Lincoln Co.: lD-(Mt63-156). Micrastcrigg rotata(Grev.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 259, t. 6, fig. 10. 1848. var. £233.23 f. £22122. Pl. 51 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 246.0-334.qp3 TB. 204.0-286.Dp; BI. 29.0-41.Qu: BPL. 48.0-67.Qu. The most common species of the genus collected, occurring in both the northern and southern Montana. In addition to the typical form one named forma and a number of morphae were encountered. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 134-(Mt63-324, 327): lSS-(Mt63-339). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63-451): Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-18). Lake Co.: 81- (Mt63-207); 82-(Mt63-200); 83-(Mt63-204): 91-(Schindler*): 9S-(Mt62-56, 58). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154): lD-(thS-lSB): lS-(Mt63-74). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for collection locality 91. Micrasterias rgtgtgflcrev.) Ralfs var. £g£g£g_fe. evoluta Turn., K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 25(5): p. 167, t. 23, fig. 1. 1892. Pl. 52 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 260.0-312.Qu: TB. 236.0-300.Qp; BI. 30.0-39.Qp3 BPL. 43.0-70.Qp. 202 Of moderate occurrence. Known only from collection obtained from west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25); 39-(Mt63-77); 40-(Mt63-89). Lake Co.: sa-(xa). Lincoln Co.: 15-(mt62-28); lB-(Mt63-113); 19-(mros-1os). Ravalli Co.: lll-(Mt63-248). Micrastorias rotate (Grev.) Ralfs var. ggtgtg,morpha.. Pl. 53 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 270.0 3 TB. 241.Qp; BI. dD.Dpz BPL. 58.Dp. Cells differing from the normal form by having the incision between the superior lateral lobes and polar lobe partially open: and a distinct constriction midway between the apex and base of polar lobe. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). fligrsstgrias gptnt1(8rev.) Ralfs var. rotate morpha. Pl. 53 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 260.Qp; TB. 211.Qp: BI. 38.Qp; BPL. 52.Qu. Plant differing from the type by possessing partially open lateral incisions between the polar lobe and superior lateral lobes, and cpened incisions between superior and inferior lateral lobes: and a distinct con- striction below the apical region of the polar lobe. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Micrasterias ggtgtg.(crev.) Ralfs, morpha. P1. 53. fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 280.qp: TB. 230.qp: BI. 31.Qp: BPL. 62.Qp. Cells large, a little longer than broad, very deeply constricted, sinus linerar: semicells five-lobed, interlobular incisions widely Open: po- lar lobe projected somewhat opening inflated at base, apex retuse emarginate, angles bidentate: lateral lobes almost equal and divided into four lobules, each lobule furcate to tridentate. The most striking difference 203 between this plant and the type is the presence of widely Open inter- lobular incisions. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lQ-(MtéS-lll). flicrasterias_rotat§ (Grev.) Ralfs, morpha. P1. 53 fig. 4. measurements: TL. 265.qp; TB. 244.9”; BI. 30):; BPL. 96.qu. Monstrosity. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63-77). Micrasterias thomasiana Arch. var. ggtgtg (Nordst.) Gronbl., Acta. Soc. Fauna, Fl. Fenn. 47, p. 38. 1920. 91. 54 figs. 1-5. Measurements: TL. 256.0-310.0p: TB. 230.0-276.0p: BI. 31.0-37.0p; BPL. 55.0-65.0p. The plants placed here as "8".222252 were collected in two forms. The typical form of the variety has linear interlobular incisions, and was the least abundant form collected. The other possesses undulate interlobular incisions. Intergradations, however, between the two do exist. Variation in the general shape, extension of angles, and placement of teeth, of the polar lobe, were also present. Examples of these have been illustrated on plate 54. Isthmal protuberances were present in some speci- mens, greatly reduced in some and wanting in others. It should be noted that there is a resemblance between the undulate forms (figure 1&‘4) and.m. thomasiana var. simglex Skuja, and these plants may be intermediate between the two varieties. The most often encountered form of the species, primarily collected from bogs. Known only from the northwest. Rare. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-14); 64-(Mt61-2). Granite Co.: 126- (6Mon43). Missoula Co.: lDD-(MtBS-AZD). 204 Micrasterias thomasiena Arch. var. pulchsrrimg_0.8. west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 39: p. 58, t. 4, fig. 1. 1909. P1. 55 fig. 3. measurement: TL. 201.0-228.0p; TB. 177.0-187.0p; BI. 28.0-33.0p: BPL. 46.0-48.0p. Very rare. Known only from a single collection, a high altutude (7000 feet) lake in the southern montane region. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l34-(Mt63-324). Biggesteriag truncate (Cords) Bréb. This is another of the more abundantly collected species of the genus, although it was only found in the northwest. Four varieties in addition to the typical form have been identfied. Micrasterias truncate (Cords) Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 75. t. 8, fig. 4, 1848. ver. truncate. P1. 43 figs. 7,8. Measurements: TL. 82-102.0p: TB. 67.0-95.0p; BI. 17.0-26.0p: BPL. 51.0- 72.0p. A considerable degree of intergradation exists between var. truncate and var. semiradiata (Naeg.) Cleve. This desmid is of moderately rare occurrence in collection from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182, 4183). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-25). Lake Co.: 84-(01): BB-(Mt63-187, Sieminska*). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154) Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Micrgsterias truncate (Corda) Breb. var. mauricianum Irénée-Marie, Natural. Canad.,76, 1-2:p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 5,6. 1949. ' P1. 43 fig. 9. 205 Measurements: TL. 120.0p; TB. 89.0p; BI. 24.0p; BPL. 76.0p. Very rare. Known from a single collection obtained from a high altitude (7000 feet) bog. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Micrasterias truncate var. neodamensi (A. Braun) Dick, Krypt. Forsch. 1,7, p. 448, t. 20, fig. 8. 1926. P1. 43 fig. 5. Measurements: Tl. 72.0-95.0p; TB. 70.0-90.0p; BI. 17.0-20.5p; BPL. 60.0- 71.0p. Very rare. Known from two widely separated localities in the north- west. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-16). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-26D). Micrasterias truncate (Gorda) Breb. var. somiradiata (Naeg.) Cleve, 0fvr. K. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 10, p. 487, 1864. P1. 43 figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 76.5-87.0u; TB. 90.5-102.0p; BI. 14.5-17.0p; BPL. 56.0- 70.0p. This variety was the most frequently encountered form of the species. The plants intergrade considerably with the typical form. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-393); 47-(Mt63-414). Lake Co.: 87- (Mt64-65). Lincoln Co.: S-(Mt63-137): 19-(Mt63-110,111). Sanders Co.: 76- (Mt63-159). Micrasterias truncate var. uralensis Krieger, Desmid. in Babenhorst's Krypto.-F1. 13(2): p. 34, t. 104, fig. 5. 1939. P1. 43 figs. 1,2,5. 206 Measurements: TL. 69.06~82.2p; TB. 60.5-67.0p; BI. 18.0-25.0u; BPL. 43.0- 52.0u. Very rare. Collected from two bogs west of the continental divide. Very few specimens seen. Distribution: Glacier Co.: S4-(Mt62-25). Missoula Co.: lDD-(Mt63-4l9). Micrasterias varrucosa Bissett. (Roy?), in wolle in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.12(12):p.127,t. 51, fig. 10. 1885. . P1. 55 figs. 2a,b,c,d. Measurements: TL. 263-276.0p; TB. 216-232.0p; BI. 31.0-33.Qp; BPL. 65.5- 76.0p. Bissett's illustration of m, varrucosa does not show the polar lobe as illustrated in Figure 2a. However, in the Montana plants, the polar lobe is quite variable and intergradations exist between the two condi- tions. Some examples of the polar lobes have been illustrated on plate 55. From my observations, this morphological variation, as well as others mentioned below, appears to be related to the age of the plant. Conse- quently, in a population, a gradual intergradation from reduced forms. similar to,fl. denticulatum var. an ulos , to the more elaborate forms of M, varrucosa illustrated in Figure 2a, were noted. These last mentioned plants also possessed cell walls which were deeply colored and coarsely punctate-granulate (mucilage2). The protuberances characteristic of this species were likewise variable in their degree of development, and some- times impossible to discern. In reference to the above mentioned.fl. denticulatum Breb., it is in- teresting to note that Ralfs' illustration of this species (t. 12, fig. 1) indicates a polar lobe much more emarginate than we presently ascribe to 207 that species. Thus, his plants are reminiscent of the figure 2a (this text) of M, varrucosa. Rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63-77,78). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-16). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-BD). 208 MOIITANA MAP 22 LEGEND Micrasteriee MAP 23 209 10. Xanthidium Ehrenberg, 1837. The genus Xanthidium was almost exclusively collected west of the continental divide. (See map no. 24). It is represented in our material by 20 taxa (in 5 species), one of which is new to science, and 5 unnamed formae. It occurred in both lentic and lotic habitats but primarily the for- mer. Very few taxa were gathered in any abundance. Xanthidium antilgpaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. This was the most abundantly collected Xanthidiug_occurring in both the northern and southern Montane. It is a very large (with reference to the number of described intraspecific taxa) and complex species, and from my observations of the morphological variation found, some of these taxa might best be grouped and treated as distinct species. In addition to the typical form, seven varieties and two formae have been identified. One additional plant is entered as merely belonging to the species. zgnthidium agtilopaeum (Breb.) Kuetz., Spec. alg. p. 177. 1849. var. gntilogaeum. P1. 58 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 68.0-80.0u: TB. 65.0-74.0u: BI. 14.0-19.0p: LSS. 44.0- 51.94: 855. 43.0-51.0).1. The typical form was one of the forms of the species least encountered and generally occurred in small numbers. Rare. Known only from three localities in the northwest corner of the state. Distribution: Lake Co.: Bl-(Mt63-210): 95-(Mt62-58). Lincoln Co.: 9- (mtos-isa). 210 Xanthidium antilopaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. americanum Scott and Gr6nb1., Soc. Scien. Fenn. Comment. Biol. 15(12): p. 29, fig. 105. 1956. P1. 58 fig. 5; Pl.-59 figs. 10,11. Measurements: TL. 66.0-80.0P; TB. 81.0-89.0p; BI. 16.0-19.0u; LSS. 52.0- 60.0p; BSS. 52.0-60.0p. In this variety the scrobiculae in the central area of the semicell are variable:h1numberand arrangement, appearing in a single or double arc, or in an ellipsoidal pattern. Rare. Known only from collection localities in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-20,24). Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-lll). Ravalli Co.: 111-(Mt63-250), Xanthidium antilopacum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. callosum (Cushm.) Irénée- Marie, Hydrobiologia, 12(4): p. 336, pl. 3, fig. 3. 1959. P1. 58 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 97.0P; TB. 83.0p; LSP. 14.0p; LSS. 62.0p: BSS. 49.0p. The general shape of the semicell, and the open sinus present in this variety are unlike that characteristic of 5, antilogaeum and perhaps it would be better to remove this variety from this Species complex, and place it as a distinct species. This new species would also include other select taxa presently included under 5, antilopaeum e.g. var. limneticum Smith, var. eurycerum Scott & Gronb1., var. subeurycerum Scott & Grbnbl. and the plant identified by Irénée-Marie (39) as g, pseudobeggalicum Grfinblad. Very rare. Known only from a collection taken from a high altitude (6600 feet) oligotrophic lake in the northwest. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-26D). 211 Xanthidium antilopaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. crgmeri Gronbl., Acta Soc. Pro. Fauna, F1. Fenn., 49, no. 7, p. 47, pl. 4, figs. 28-29. 1921. P1. 58 figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 59.0-86.0p; TB. 65.0-88.0p; BI. 16.0-19.0u: LSS. 51.0-68.0p; BSS. 51.0-60.0p. This variety was one of the more frequently found Xnnthidia, being moderately common in ponds and lakes at the lower elevations (generally below 3700 feet) west of the continental divide. The thickened central area of the semicells, of the Montana speci- mens, varied in its scrobiculation pattern being a simple series of pits arranged in an arc, or having the whole region scrobiculate. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5, 6Mon32); 23-(Mt63-398,399): 35- (Mt63-39l); 36-(Mt63-393). Lake Co.: B7-(Mt64-54). Lincoln Co.: 5- (Mt63-l37): lB-(Mt63-1D7): 19-(Mt63-lll): 20—(Mt63-94); 21-(Mt63-99). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163). Xanthidium antilgpaeum_(8réb.) Kuetz. var. lggneticgm_3mith, Trans. Wis. Acad. vol. 20, p. 347, pl. 10, figs., 14-16. 1922. P1. 58 figs. 7,8. Measurements: TL. 94.0-105.Qp: TB. 100.0-119.0p: BI. 15.0-20.0p: LSS. 61.0-73.0p: BSS. 50.0-63.Qp. Apparently this variety has not been reported since originally des- cribed by Smith in l922, at least not under this name. Some specimens greatly resemble var. subeurycerum Scott and Gr6nbl., this is especially true of my fig. 8, and possibly these two taxa are the same. I believe this variety and var. callosum are also very closely related and interest- ingly both occur together in my Montana material. 212 Very rare. Known only from a high altitude lake (6600 feet) in the northwest. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Xanthidium antilopncum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. minneapoliense Wolle, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 11. p. 16. 1884, fa. minneaggliense. P1. 57 figs. 6,9. Measurements: TL. 68.0-74.0p; TB. 68.0-74.0p: BI. 14.0-16.0p; LSS. 49.0- 53.0p; BSS. 49.0-53.0p: This variety was another of the more often encountered Xanthidia. Occurring in both the northern and southern Montana in ponds and lakes at elevations ranging from 2200 to 7000 feet. The plants have been separated, on the basis of size, into two groups the smaller of which is considered the typical form of the variety. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l34-(Mt63-324). Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63- 79). Glacier Co.: 64-(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-208); 84-(X8): 95- (Mt62-59). Xanthidium antilogaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. minneaggliense Wolle morpha. P1. 57 figs. 10,11,12. Measurements: TL. 85.0-92.0p; TB. 82.0-89.0p; BI. 16.0-20.qp; LSS. 64.0- 68.0p: BSS. 59.0-63.0p. Plants differ from the typical form of the variety in their greater overall dimensions. I do not regard this difference in size significant enough to warrant the creation of a new taxon. Rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 82-(mt63-199,200). Lincoln Co.: lD-(Mt63-156). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l76). 213 Xanthidigg antilgpanum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. glanum Roll., Journ. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. de USSR No. 10 (18): p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 7-10. 1936. P1. 57 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 69.0-76.0p: T8. 81.0-84.0p; BI. 18.0-20.0p: LSS. 54.0-60.0p: BSS. 57.0-58.5p. I believe the plant described as.§. entilopaeum var. gushescense_by Irénée-Marie (39)from Montreal, Canada, is the same as that listed here. Very rare. Only a few specimens seen. Known only from two collec- tion localities in the northwest corner of the state. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-151): 9-(Mt63-154). Xanthidium antilonaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. golymazon Nordst., Acta. Univ. Lund. vol. 9:38, 1, fig. 20. 1873. fa. polymazon P1. 57 figs. 2,3,4. Measurements: TL. 56.0-75.0p: TB. 61.0-81.0u: BI. 13.0-17.0p: LSS. 48.0-56.8p; BSS. 45.0-53.0p. The plants assigned to this variety are of common occurrence in western Montana, and are placed into two groups on the basis of size. Those presented here are considered the typical form of the variety. This forms i’s-known from both the northern and southern Montana, and was encountered primarily in collections from ponds and lakes at eleva- tions ranging from 3200-7000 feet. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l34-(Mt63-324). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 29-(H.L.l): 31-(4183). Glacier Co.: S4-(Mt62-13): 64-(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: 84-(x3); 86-(Mt53-la7). Xanthidium,gntilopaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. var. golymazon Nordst. fa. ,mgig§,Turn. K. Sv. Vet. -Akad. Handl. 25, (S): p. 100, pl. 3, fig. 1. 1892. 214 P1. 57 figs. 7,8,13. Measurements: TL. 74.0-88.0p; TB. 79.0-92.0p: BI. 16.5-20.0p: LSS. 48.0- 66.0p; BSS. 58.0-64.0u. The separation of this plant as a distinct taxon on the basis of size seems somewhat dubious. The semicells exhibited some variation in their facial ornamentation, examples of which have been illustrated on pl. 57. These minor variations are not regarded as texonomixally significant. Figure 8 illustrates a plant possessing two linear rows of scrobiculae (pores?) variable number, and in addition, the lower semicell exhibits two thickenings below the characteristics arcuate row of verrucae. Figure 13 illustrates a cell in which the Upper semicell possess three thickenings below the verrucae. Although this form of the variety is only known to the author from the northwest it was encountered more often than the typical form of the variety. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 64-(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63~206); 82- (Mt63-200); ss-(mtos-zos). Lincoln Co.: lD-(Mt63-156). Ravalli Co.: lll-(Mt63-248). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163); 76-(Mt63-175); 77-(Mt63- 195). Xanthidium antilogaeum (Breb.) Kuetz. fa. P1. 57 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 71.0u: T8. 77.0u: BI. 20.0u: LSS. 65.5p: BSS. 69.0p. Semicells more elliptical than var. ggtilopaeum. thus more closely resembling var. oligacantum Schmidle. However, this latter named taxon has but a single spine at each of the upper angles, whereas there are two present in the Montana plant. Furthermore, var. oliqacanthgg,ie devoid of any differentiated central area, and in the Montana plant, 215 there was observed a number of scrobiculae, in two arcs. The plant does not appear to fit any known described taxon. It is not described as new because only a single specimen was found. Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-142). Xgnthidium erratum (Breb.) Rabenh. var. fiigggg Nordst., Alg. aq. dulc. st. Char. Sandvic. p. 17, t. 2. fig. 6. 1878. P1. 59 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 135.0-140.0p; T8. 97.0-100.0p: BI. 27.0p; LSS. 104.0- 1l2.0p: BSS. 68.0-73.0u. Very rare. Known from a single collection taken from a high altitude oligotrophic lake (6600 feet). Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Xapthidium_cristatum Bréb. This species is only known to the author from collection localities west of the continental divide, but it is of fairly common occurrence here and sometimes gathered in abundance. It was chiefly collected from ponds and lakes at altitudes ranging from 2200-4000 feet, but also encountered in a bog and lotic habitat. The species is a rather large one with reference to described taxa, and is represented in our collections by four varieties, one forma which is new to science, and four unnamed formae, Xanthidium cristatum Breb., in Relfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 115, t. 19. fig. 3. 1848. var. cristatum. P1. 56 figs. 2,3,11. Measurements: TL. 66.0-80.0p: TB. 52.0-58.0u: BI. 11.0-14.2p; LSS. 51.0- 216 58.0p: BSS. 37.0-41.0p. The plants regarded here as the typical form are in actuality.§. cristatum Breb. var. scrobiculatum Scott & Gronblad. I did not enter them under that name because I am not convinced that that variety is distinct from the typical, and suspect that the scrobiculae were misin- terpreted as granules, in the original description of the species. Other authors (e.g. Irénée-Marie (39), Smith (24))have identified similar plants as var. uncinatum Breb. It is however, not that variety. In the Montana material it was noted thatilcentral protuberance within the surrounding pits was generally present, although it was not always clearly evident or obvious in face view. Consequently, the des- ignation of forma papillatum Scott & Gronbl. of var. scrobiculatum may not be warranted. Only encountered in collections from the northwest where it is of moderate occurrence. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 24-(Kidd*): 27-(Mon25); 31-(4181, 4182, Kidd*). Glacier Co.: 54-(2MDn9, Mt62-l4). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-202); 84-(01). Lincoln Co.: lO-(Mt63-157). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection localities 24 and 31. Xgnthidium cristatum Breb. var. cristatum fa. P1. 56 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 69.0p; T8. 56.0p: BI. 14.0p: LSS. 54.0u: BSS. 40.0p. Plant differing from those designated as the typical by the lack of facial ornamentation (scrobiculae). Cell wall punctate: semicells with a single, centrally located pore. Very rare. Only a single specimen observed. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(X8). 217 Xanthidium cristatgm Bréb. var. papilliferum Irénée-Marie, Flora Desmidiale de la Begion de Montreal, Laprairie, Canada, p. 243, 244, pl. 43, fig. 13. 1939. P1. 56 fig. 12. Measurements: TL. 77.0-80.0p; TB. 66.0—69.0p; BI. 15.0p; LSS. 58.0-62.0p; BSS. 44.0-50.0p. This variety might best be considered simply as a forma of var. uncinatum Breb., since the semicells basically have the same shape as that variety, and furthermore, facial ornamentation appears to be quite vari- able in this group of Xanthidia (see var. uncinatum Breb. fa. ornatum). Very rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-59). Xanthidium cristatum Breb. var. uncinatum Bréb. fa. ornatum fa. nova. P1. 56 figs. 13,14. Measurements: TL. 78.0-83.0p; TB. 68.0—77.0p; BI. 16.0-17.5p; LSS. 60.0- 63.gp; BSS. 49.0-52.Dp. Shape of the semicells as in var. uncinatum Bréb. and var. papilliferum Irénée-Marie. Plants also similar to the latter named taxon in possessing three elongated granules on the basal angles of the semicells, facing the linear sinus (only one visible in face view) and in having a supra- isthmal papilla. This plant is distinguished from both of the above named varieties by the scrobiculated central thickened area of the semicell. In addition to the scrobiculae, which are usually arranged as a ring surrounding an inner central thickening (protuberance), smaller circular pits may be present on each side of the protuberance. Additional granules may also occur on each side of the supra-isthmal papilla and/or at the base 218 of the single basal lateral spines. Very rare. Known only from one locality in the northwestern part of the state. Distribution: Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-58). Xgnthidium cristatum Bréb. var. bipparquii Irénée-Maria, Flore Desmidiale de la Begion de Montreal, Laprairie, Canada. p. 244, pl. 43. fig. 6, 1939. P1. 56 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 76.0-78.0p; TB. 52.0-59.0u: BI. 13.0-14.0u; LSS. 46.0- 53.5u: BSS. 36.0-38.0p. The plant identified by Sieminska (65) as 5, gristetug_8réb. var. lgiodermqm(Roy & 8159.) Turner is placed here. Very rare. Known to the author from a single collection locality in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-187). Xanthidium cristatum Breb., morpha. 91. 56 fig. 10 Measurements: TL. 49.0p: TB. 39.5u: BI. 12.0p. This plant is considered abnormal and was simply entered as belonging to.§. cristatum on the basis of the general shape of the semicells and the number and arrangement of the projections (aborted epines?). The plant could have been placed with z, obsoletum Taylor, which has similar pro- jections. However, that species has a linear sinus and the semicells are not as triangular in shape as that in the Montana plant. The typical is also present at this locality. ' Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181) 219 Kanthidium cristatum Breb. var. lgiodermum (Roy & Bliss.) Turn. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 25(5): p. 99, t. 12, f. 33. 1892. P1. 56 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 59.0-64.0p; TB. 46.0-53.0u; BI. 13.0-15.0p: LSS. 47.0- 50.0p: BSS. 37.0-40.Qp. This variety is reminiscent of var. hipparquii since they both have the single spines at the basal angles of the semicells, directed toward the sinus (convergent). They differ from that variety in the shape of the semicell, hipparguii having a more elevated apex, and leiodermum usually being transverobovate (compare figures 5,6 & 7 on pl. 56). In the Montana materiel studied, the cells generally possessed an open sinus, but the sinus may also be closed, at least toward the inner portion. The two mid-lateral spines were usually directed more vertically than indicated in the original description. Scrobiculae may also occur on the face of the semicell, but toward the apex (not shown in figures given here). Rare. Known only from collections gathered from west of the contin- ental divide. Distribution: Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-58). Lincoln Co.: l-(4184). Ravalli Co.: 114-(Mt63-256): 115-(Mt63-267). This species was previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. However, because her plant appears to be closer to var. higggrguii, which is known to the author only from collection locality 86, I have placed her plant under that variety. Xanthidium cristatum Breb. var. lgiodermum (Roy & Biss.) Turn. fa. P1. 56 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 59.0-64.8p; TB. 46.0-56.0p; BI. 12.5-13.0p: LSS. 42.0- so.qp: ass. 37.8-40.qp. 220 Cells differing from the usual form of the variety by the presence of a smooth thickened central area. Plants similar to 5, ggigtgggm_var. floridense Scott & Gr5nb1., but of a stouter, squatter appearance and with shorter spines. A reduced form possessing only 8 spines was also encountered and listed separately below. Similar plants have been reported in the literature as 5, cristatum (Irénée-Marie, 1939),.i. cristatum fa. (Borge, 1894), or as var. leicdermum (Groasdale, 1957, 1964). Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5). Xanthidium gristatum Breb. var. leiodermum (Roy & Biss.) Turn. fa. P1. 56 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 54.0-61.0p: TB. 50.0o59.0u3 BI. 14.0-17.0p; LSS. 47.0- 51.0p: BSS. 41.0-44.0p: T. 26.0p. Cells possessing only eight spines. Otherwise, similar to form of the var. leiodsrmum listed above. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 42-(Mon16). Xanthidium fasciculatum Ehrenb. var. oronense West & west, Trans. Linn. Soc. of Lond. sec. ser. Bot. vol.5(5): p. 253, pl.lS, fig. 25, 1896. P1. 56 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 66.0-74.Qp: TB. 61.0-63.0u: BI. 17.0-17.5u: LSS. 50.0- 52.0p: BSS. 46.0-47.0p. Very rare. Known to the author from only one locality in the north- west. Distribution: Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206, 207). 221 Xanthidium_hgstiferum_Turn. As I have interpreted this species, it is represented in Montana by four varieties and one form entered only as belonging to the species. It was only encountered in collections from the northwest, and although known from a number of localities in that region, the species, with the exception of one form, was not really common, or gathered in any abundance. It was primarily collected from ponds and lakes at low altitudes (at or below 3800 feet). Xanthidigm hastiferum Turn., Journ. Royal Micro. Soc., p. 938, fig. 20. 1885. var. hastiferum fa. P1. 59 figs. 6,7,9. Measurements: TL. 45.0-55.8p; TB. 70.0-91.0p; BI. 11.0-14.0p: LSS. 42.0p: BSS. 46.0-50.0p. The plants included here as a fa. of the typical can be identified as,§. subhastiferum w. West var. subhastiferum (sensu Smith, 1924). They are not entered under that name because I do not believe that that taxon, as presently conceived, can be accurately separated from 5, hastiferum. In the original description of 5, subhastiferum, west states that his plant is distinguished from 5, hastiferum by its non-angular semi- cells, larger size and in being destitute of apical spines. According to Swith's (24) account of the variation present in the typical form of this species, however, one would conclude that the characteristics used by Most to distinguish his plant from 5, hastiferum are not reliable. Comparing the original illustrations of both these taxa, it appears to me that they are two distinct species, both exhibiting similar forms. The plants listed here I have assigned to.§. hastiferum on the basis of the more angular shape of the semicell, and, perhaps more significant, 222 the positioning of the upper lateral spine. In 3,.gghhnstiferum the two lateral spines are placed more directly above one another and, although diverging, point outward from the sides of the semicell. The Upper lat- eral spines in Z» hastiferug lie closer to the central axis of the cell and generally point more vertically. This was the form of the species most often encountered and present in the greatest numbers at a locality. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25). Glacier Co.: 65-(Vinyard*). Granite Co.: lZ7-(6Mon41). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-60). Lincoln Co.: 15- (Mt62-26). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163). Previously reported by Vinyard (54) as 5, subhaetiferum from collec- tion locality 6S. Xenthidium hastiferum Turn. var. javanicum (Nordst.) Turn. f. plenum, Turn., k. Sv. Var. Akad. Handl., 25(5): p. 100. 1892. Pl. 59 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 76.Qp: TB.7D.Qp: BI. 14.Qp; LSS. 46.Qu: BSS. 50.Qu. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the north- west. A single specimen seen. Distribution: Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-l70). Xanthidium hastiferum Turn. var. johnsonii west & west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 33, p. 299, pl. 17, fig. 1. 1898. fa. johnsonii. Fl. 59 fig. 3,5. Measurements: TL. 47.0-49.Qu: TB. 7S.S-85.Qp; BI. 12.0-14.Qu: LSS. 47.0- 48.§p: BSS. 49.5-52.5p. Rare. Known from three localities in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1) Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-148); l7- (Mt63-ll7). 223 zgnthidium hastiferum Turn. var. johnsonii West & west fa. longispinum Bushman, Torrey Bot. Cl. 31, p. 163, pl. 7, fig. 8. 1904. P1. 59 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 62.0-7B.Qp; TB. 98,0-102.Qp; BI. 13.5-14.5p; LSS. 50.0- 51.BP; BSS. 56.5-61.Qp. Rare.‘ Known from three localities west of the continental divide. Distribution: Lake Co.: BZ-(MtBS-ZBD); BS-(Mt63-202). Sanders Co.: 76- (mt63-192). Xanthidium hastifergg fa. P1. 59 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 49.0-52.Dp; TB. BS.D-BB.Qu; BI. 13.0-14.0p; LSS. 48.0- 49.Qp, BSS. 50.0-51.5p. This plant could be a form of the typical, or possibly var. javanicum. Thus it was believed best merely to indicate it as belonging to the species. Very rare. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-265, 268). _ 11. Arthrodesmus Ehrenberg, 1832. The genus Arthrodesmus was primarily encountered in collections from the northwest. (See map no. 25) Ten species (one of them new to science) encompassing twenty three taxa were identified. Excluding the new species 19 varieties and 3 formae are given below. Two unnamed formae, one forma assigned questionably to a variety, one morphs, and e plant entered solely as belonging to the genus, were also identified. With the exception ofifi. convergens Ehrenb. var. convergene, none of the above are common and very few occurred in any abundance at a collection locality. The genus occurred in a variety of aquatic habitats at varying alti- tudes. 224 Arthrodesmus bifidus Bréb. This was a rare species in the Montana material, and few specimens were seen by the author. It is known from three localities in the north west. These being habitats with rather rich desmid floras, at medium altitudes (4100-5275). Besides the typical, a form of the typical and two varieties are listed. In addition, a desmid previously known to science, but idenfl.- fied as a different species, is placed here as an unnamed forms of one of the varieties. Arthrodesmus bifidus Breb., mam. Soc. Imp. Sci. Natur. Cherbourg. 4, p. 135, t. 1. fig. 19. 1856. var. bifidus P1. 62 figs. 6. Measurements: TL. lS.D-lfi.Qp; TB. 15.0-18.9u: BI. 5.0-8.5u: LSS. 12.5- ‘lS.Qp: BSS. 12.5-13.5p; LS. 1.5-3.9u. Very rare. Known only from Glacier National Park region where it was collected from a beg and a lake. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-ll,25). Arthrodesmus bifidus Breb. fa. P1. 62 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 16.Qp: TB. 18.Qp: BI. 8.5p: LSS. 13.Qp: BSS. 12.5p: LS. 2.0-3.Qp. Cells differing from the typical form by the variable number of spines at the angles of the semicells, these being 1,2, or 4 per angle. Plants very similar in overall shape to_fi. bifidus var. msssion- wellsensis Sieminska, but much larger than that variety and not possess- ing as many spines. Only one specimen observed. Collected from a bog in Glacier National 225 Park. The typical form also occurs at this locality. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-11). Arthrodesmus bifidus Bréb. var. cruciotus Skuja, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsal. ser. 4. vol.14. no. 5, p. 147. 1949. P1. 62 fig. 7 Measurements: TL. 17.0-18.0p; TB. 16.Qp; BI. 4.0-4.3u; LSS. 11.0-12.0p; BSS. 9.0-10.QM; LS. 3.0-4.Qp. The measurements given above for this variety, as well as that given by Sieminska (65) are a little smaller than those given by Skuja. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-7S, Sieminska*). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) from collection locality 86. Arthrodesmus bifidus Breb. var. cruciatus Skuja fa. P1. 62 figs. 8,9. Measurements: TL. 19.0-20.Qp: TB. 15.5-19.Qu; BI. 5.0-5.5p; LSS. 11.5- 14.qp; BSS. 9.0-12.Qp; LS. 3.4-4.5u. This plant was previously reported from Montana by Sieminska (65) as Q, trigpinatus West & West. A similar plant was also reported by Made (57) from Michigan, under the same taxon. However, it was my understanding that wast's & West's plant was not a desmid. In any case, the plant is not identical to west's and West's in shape, and placement of the spines. Their plant has its spines one above the other and possesses a stouter appearance. The Montana plants have a similar shape to Skuja's var. egggigtggg and the measurements of the present specimens fit perfectly for that variety. Sieminska'e measurements are smaller, especially the isthmus which she states is 3.6g. The plants differ from the typical form of the variety in having 226 three spines per pole of the semicell. Two spines are located at the upper angle of the pole, the other at the lower angle. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: BB-(Mt62-7S, Sieminska*). Arthrodesmus bifidus Bréb. var. massionwellsensis Sieminsk., Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 84(1); p. 113. pl. 5, fig. 2,3,4. 1965. Measurements: TL. 12.Dp: TB. 12.Bp; BI. lp: LSS. lD.Qp; BSS. 9.Bp; LS. 3.Dp; T. 4.Qp. This variety was not found by the author. However, a plant with a similar shape was collected from locality 54. The author's plant differs from Sieminska's in possessing a lesser number of spines per semicell, and greater dimensions. It is listed in this text as a form of the typi- cal, since only a single speciment was seen. Distribution: Lake Co.: BS-(Sieminksa*). Arthrodesmgg bulnheimii Racib. var. subincus West & west, Monogr. Brit. Desmid. vol. 4, p. 106, pl. 116, fig. 3, 1912. P1. 60 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 40.0-44.Qp: TB. 29.0-36.Qp: BI. 6.0-6.6u; LSS. 19.0- 19.5p: BSS. 16.5-19.9” LS. 13.0-18.91. Rare. Known to the author from three localities west of the con- tinental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-393). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205); 86- (Mt62-80, Sieminska*). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrenb., in Ralfe' Brit. Desmid.,p. 118, t. 20, fig. 3. 1848. var. convergeng 227 Pl. 60 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 34.5-4D.qp; TB. 52.0-69.qp; BI. 9.0-12.Sp; 888. 38.0- 46.6p: LS. 5.0-14.QU. This species, the typical form, was the most frequently encountered and abundant Arthrodesmus. It also has the greatest distributional range, being found in our collections from both the northern and southern Montana, in a variety of lentic habitats (pond, lake, bog, pool) at varying altitudes (2200-7000 feet). Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: lBS-(Mt63-330). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63- 450): 31-(4183). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-207); 82-(Mt63-200); 83-(Mt63-204); 86-(Mt63-188); 89-(Mt63-389). Lincoln CO.) io-(Mtbs-lsa). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-266). Sanders Co.: 74-(mt63-l7l). Arthrodesmus convergens Ehrenb. var. convergens fa. P1. 60 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 4D.D-42.Qu; TB. 76.0-85.Dp; BI. lD.-12.qp; 888. 43.0- 47.Dp; LS. 9.0-20.Qp. This plant differs from the type in its greater overall size and usually longer spines. It resembles A, convergens var. deglanatg Laporte, in its length to breadth ratio but var. deplanata is smaller than the type. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: BB-(Mt63-197); 95-(Mt62-59). Arthrodesmg§.convergens Ehrenb. var..!2llgi Irénée-Marie, Hydro- biologie vol. 4, (3): p. 34, pl. 4, fig. 7. 1952. P1. 60 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 33.0-34.Qp: TB. 38.0-44.Qp; BI. 7.0-B.qu: 885. 30.0- 33.qp: Ls. 2.0-6.5u. 228 Rare. Known only from collections west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25); 29-(H.L.l). Lincoln Co.: l-(4184). Arthrodecmus CONVEIQBH9 Ehrenb. var. Egglgi'lrénée-Marie fa. P1. 60 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 32.0-37.Dp3 T8. 47.0-58,Dp; BI. 9.D-lD.qP; BSS. 32.0-37.0p; LS. 7.0-10.5p. Plants small: cells equal or slightly longer than broad without spines, deeply constricted and with the sinus open; semicells elliptical with spines convergent, divergent, or horizontal, disposed medianly or nearly so; cell wall punctate. Plants differing from the typical form of the variety by the greater length of the spines and larger overall measurements. Distribution: Glacier Co.: SA-(Mt62-21). Lake Co.: 84-(86). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-261). Arthrodesmus incus (Breb.) Hass. Arthrodesmus incus was one of the two species of this genus collected outside the northwest. It was represented by four varieties, but the typical form was not found by the author. Arthrodes§g§_igggs,(Breb.) Hess. var. exteneus Anderson, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 16, Afd. 3, S:p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 7. 1890. P1. 61 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 22.0-23.qp; TB. 38.0-43.Qp: BI. 4.0-4.5p: LSS. 17.0-22.qp: BSS. 14.0-15.6p: LS. 11.0-13.Qu. Although this variety is very rare, being known to the author from only two localities, many specimens have been seen. Distribution: Lake Co.: 82-(Mt63-199): 86-(Mt62-66). 229 Arthrcdesmus £22£§_(Bréb.) Hess. var. indentatus West & Nest, Monagr. Brit. Desmid. vol. 4: p. 94, pl. 113, figs. 20-24. 1912. P1. 61 fig. 5 Measurements: TL. 28.0-30.5p: TB. 40.0-42.Dp; BI. 5.5-6.0p; LSS. 19.5-20.9p: BSS. l7.5-1B.Dp; LS. 12.5-14.0p. This variety is known from both the northern and southern Montsne. The plant is listed below as s morphs differs in the shortness of the spines, and in the epines being directed horizontally. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lD-(Mt63-157). Ravalli Co.: ll2-(Mt63e260). Arthrodesgusrincu5_(Breb.) Hess. var. indentntus west & west morphs. P1. 61 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 21.qp: TB. 22.5-25.2p; BI. 6.Dp; BSS. lS.S-lB.Dp; LSe 3. 0-5. Up. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-338). Arthrodesmus i2£g§.(8réb.) Hess. var. malaccensie Bernard, Sur quelquee algues unicellulairss deau douce, p. 55-56, figs. 95 a,b,c, & 96. 1909. P1. 61 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. l4.Qp; TB. 21.Qp; BI. 4.2-4.6p: BSS. 13.9p: LS. 3.04- 4.Qp. Very rare. Only a single specimen observed. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-72). Arthrodesmus incus (Breb.) Hess. var. vulgaris Eichler & Racib., News Gstunki zielenic. Rozpr. i Sprawozd. Wydx. met.-pr2yr. Aksd. Umiej. Krakoe, 26 p. 119 . 1893. P1. 61 fig. 4. 23D Measurements: TL. 19.Qp; TB. 28.0-31.9p; BI. S.§p: BSS. 18.0-2D.Dp3 LSe Ass-6.0}1. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5). Arthrodosgug mooarii sp. nova. P1. 60 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 42.0-45.Dp; TB. 58.0-63.9p; BI. 10.0-11.9p; 853. 32.0- 35.Dp; LS. ll.D-lS.Qp; T. 20.Dp. Cells of medium size longer than broad without the spines. deeply constricted; sinus widely open with acute apex; semicells transverse rhomboid, lateral margins straight to slightly convex and bearing a single long, gradually attenuated spine which may be hollow at base; spines parallel to convergent, disposed medianly, one face of each semi- cell possessing a subapical, conical (hollow) protubernsce (spine-like): asymmetically disposed so that only one protuberance is visible in face view at a time. One pyrenoid per semicell is present. Cell wall with mucilage pores which are at times difficult to 399. Very rare. Known from a single locality in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Arthrodesmu§_octocornis Ehrenb., Die Infusionsthierchen. p. 152. 1838. var. octocornie P1. 62 figs. 1,3,4. Measurements: TL. 32.6-43.9p; TB. 27.0-36.9p: BI. 4.0-6.Qp: L55. 20.50-26.9p: BSS. 15.0-21.9p: LS. 3.0-10.Qp. In our material the length of the spines is quite variable. This species was only encountered in collections from the northwest and is of moderately rare occurrence. 231 In addition to the typical form one variety was collected, but with much less frequency. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5); 28-(Mt63-442): 29-(H.L.1): 42- (Monl6(l)). Glacier Co.: 63-(Kidd*). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-213); 86-(Mt62- 66). Lincoln Co.: l-(4184); lS-(Mt62-28). Previously reported by Kidd(63) for collection locality 63. Arthrodesmus octocornis Ehrenb. var. £g2gi§,1rénée-Marie, Revue Algologique vol. 1, feel. 2, p. 93, fig. 3. 1954. P1. 62 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 25.0-27.6p: TB. 20.0-28.9p: BI. 3.5-4.3p; LSS. 16.0- 17.9p: BSS. 11.0-14.Dp3 LS. 5.0-8.6p. Rare. Known from three collection localities west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,443). Lake Co.: 82-(Mt63-l99), 86-(Mt62-64). Arthrodesmue 23$mg§ Turn., K. Sv. Vet.-Aksd. Handl., 25(5): p. 136, t. 12, fig. 9. 1892 var. was. This is a very rare species in Montana and the typical form reported here is known to me only from an illustration by Schindler (54). Distribution: Lake Co.: 93-(Schindler*). Arthrodesmus ghimgg.Turn. var. occidentalis west & west, Trans. Roy. Irish Aesd. 32: p. 59, t. 2. fig. 17. 1902. fa. P1. 61 figs. 7,8. Measurements: TL. 17.0-21.9p: TB. 26.0-35.Qp: BI. 4.5-5.Qp; LSS. 14.9p3 85$. 13.5-15.9p: LS. 7.0-10.Qp. Cell differing from the typical form of this variety by its longer 232 spines, but other authors have previously included specimens with even longer spines under this variety. Plant similar to that illustrated by Thomssson (59) as §§aUPOdBSMUS 22$23§,(Turn.) Thomssson. Figure 8 illustrates a plant with a slightly convex apex and retuse lateral margin, characteristics of var. Debridarum West. This plant in- tergrades with that in figure 7, both occurring together, thus kept to- gether here. Very rare. Distribution: 86-(Mt62-76). Arthrqgssmus ralfsii_fs. lntiusculs West 6 west, Monagr. Brit. Des- mid. vol. 4; p. 96, pl. 114, fig. 5. 1912. P1. 61 fig. 6. Measurement: TL. 22.0-23.5u; TB. 35.2-40.0p; BI. 6.2-6.6p: 883. 22.0- 24.0p: LS. 7.0-9.90. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Granite co.: 127-(6Mon38). Arthrodesmg§.tggtg§.Grfinb.,Mem. Soc. Fauna, F1. Fenn., 28, p. 21. figs. 5-11. 1952. P1. 62. figs. 10,11,12,13. Measurements: TL. 20.0-26.0p: T8. 25.0-26.0p: BI. 8.5-10.0u: BSS. 20.0-22.9u: LS. 1.013,Qu. Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: l3-(Mt63-73). Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-265, 266). Arthrodesmus tortug Grdnbl. fe.? P1. 52 figs. 14,15. 233 Measurements: TL. 18.0—20.0p; T0. 18.0-20.Sp; BI. 7.0-7.0”; L93. 15.0- 16.®J; BSS. 18.0-17.9 ; LS. 1.8-3.0p; T. 7.0-7.31. Cells in their outline similar to Q. tortus as illustrated in Fig. 10, and as is characteristic of that species the semicells are twisted at the isthmus. They differ from Grdnblad's plant in their smaller mea- surements. The plant is entered here with reservation because I am uncertain whether it is really a small form of 5, tortus or a hiradiste facies of Staurastrum. This is because a triradiate plant illustrated on pl. 62 figure 18, and entered here questionably as it, ptarosnorus Lundell, was also present at this locality. This Stsurastrum is similar in size to the Arthrodesmus and also in the general nature of the semicells. where- as the biradiate plant does not have retuse lateral margins the triradi- ate plants do. No dichotypical specimen between these plants was found. In face view this Arthrodesmus is also similar to fit phimus but the twisted semicells clearly distinquiSh this plant from that species. The author has a strong inclination to view the twisted Arthrodesmus type cells as biradiate facies of Stsurastrum. The birsdiste plants were by far the more abundant form and they do resemble fl, tortus. Thus they were entered with that Species. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Arthrodesmus triangulsrie Lagerh., vaers. K. Sv. Vst.-Ak. Forhand. 42, No. 7: p. 244, pl. 27. fig. 22. 1886 vsr. triangularis. P1. 61 fig. 9 Measurements: TL. 26.2-28.0“: T8. 43.5-52.91; BI. 6.2-7.Qp3 858. 24.0- 25.gu; Ls. 8.5-13.qp. This species was only encountered in collections from the northwest 234 where it is of moderately rare occurrence. Three varieties were identi- fied with the typical from being the most rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39 (Mt63-78). Arthrodesmus triangularis Lagerb. var. inflatus West & West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,33, p. 320. 1898. P1. 61 fig. 10. Measurements: TL. 29.0-37.2p; TB. SS.D-61.Qu; BI. 5.5-7.Qp: 883. 26.5- 31.Qp: LS. 9.0-16.Qp; Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 88-(mt63-197,198); 89-(Mt63-388). Arthrodssmus triangularis Lagerh. var. subtrianqularis (Barge) West & West, Proc. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 23, p. 24, t. 2, fig. 36, 1905. Pl. 61 figs. 11,12. Measurements: TL. 31.0-34.5p: TB. 56.5-70.Bp: BI. 6.0-B.Qp: 858. 21.0- 25.9p: LS. 24.0-22.Qp. This was the most frequently encountered form of the species. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-12). Lincoln Co.: 1-(4184): 10-(Mt63-157). Arthrodesmus sp. PI. 60 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 19.0-19.5p; TB. 19.0-21.9u; BI. 4.BP: BSS. 18.0-18.5p: LS. .S-l.Qp: T. 10.9p. This plant could not be placed with any described taxon known to the author. Since a single specimen was seen it was believed best to simply enter the plant as belonging to the genus. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5). 235 MOIFTANA MAP 24 LE6! m U .1 .0 .1 h t n a X “7.11 dd 1,}- e. m, Arthrodesmus MAP 25 236 12. Btaurastrum Meyen, 1829 Staurastrum was the second largest genus, by number of taxa collected, ranking third following Cosmarium and Closterium_in extent of distribu- tional range. See map no. 26. As here presented it is represented in the desmid flora of Montana by 190 taxa (within 130 species) of which 2 are new varieties and 2 are new formae. Numerous unnamed formae and morphae were also encountered and one plant is entered solely as belong- ing to the genus. Staurastrum aculeatum (Ehrenb.) Menegh., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 142, t. 23, fig. 2. 1848. Pl. 99 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 42.-S7.Qp: TB. 53.0-62.0p; BI. 15.5-20.5p. This plant was rare, being known only from collections taken west of the continental divide. In addition to the typical form, var. ornatum Nordst. was also collected. A discussion of var. ornatum and an indi- cation of its distributional range is given under the species _t. 23322;, w (Breb.) Archer. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442, 443, 447). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt 53-209); 86-(Mt62-63,73, Sieminska*). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum afjigg_West & west, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 23: p. 26, t. 2, fig. 27. 1905. 91. 101. fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 32.0p: TB. 36.0-40.0p: BI. 8.Bp. Very rare. Known from a single locality in north-central Montana. Distribution: Blaine Co.: 152-(MT 63-32). 237 Staurastrum alternans Bréb. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 132, t. 21, fig. 7, 1848.var. alternans P1. 89 figs. 6,7,8. Measurements: TL. 19.0-24.5p:TB. 19.0-25.9p: BI. 6.0-B.Bp. This is a common species in the collections, occurring in both the northern and southern montane regions. The cells are usually equally as long as broad or, a little longer than broad. A number of specimens were also found in which the angles (rays) of the semicells are more produced and the plants distinctly broader than long. These latter mentioned plants are entered below as an unnamed forma of the species. Distribution: Broadwater Co.: lSO-(Mt64-l3l). Daniels Co.: 187-(Mt64-S). Flathead Co.: 35-(Mt63-391); 37-(Mt63-82); 47-(Mt63-412,415), Gallatin Co.: 14D-(Mt64-129); 141-(mt64-126),Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204); BG-(Siminska*): 92-(Mt63-38); 93-(Mt63-36). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-131): 12-(Mt63-6B): l3- (Mt63-73,74); 15-(Mt62-26); 21-(Mt63-101). Missoula Co.: 101-(Mt64-72). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-266). Sanders Co.: 71-(Mt63-165): 72-(Mt63-162): 7S-(Mt63-l73); 76-(Mt63-191). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Steurastrum glternans Breb. var. alternans fa. P1. 89 figs. 9,10. Measurements: TL. 19.0-23J3J3TB. 24.0-29.Bp: BI. 8.0-8.6p. Rare. Differing from the type in its more produced angles. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 35-(Mt63-391). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-l31): 21-(Mt63-101). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-162). Stgurgstrum anatinum Cooke & Wills. var. lonqibrachiatum west & west, Tran. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 41: p. 504, t. 7, figs. 8,9. 1905. pl. 100 figs. 3,4. 23B Measurements: TL. 31.0-3S.Dp: TB. 66.0-85.Qp; BI. 11.0-11.5p; LP. 21.0- 28.Qp. I have assigned these plants to var. lonqibrachiatum_but could just as well have entered them as var. Eggtggbc.m. Smith. In body dimensions they are like var. longibrachiatum while the length of the processes is somewhat short, and thus similar to var. Eggggg. The length of processes, however, can be quite variable so the plants are entered as above. Rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 13S-(Mt63-333,339, 340); 142-(Mt63-334); l43-(Mt63-345). Lincoln Co,: 6-(Mt63-145). Staurastrum arachnae Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 136, t. 23, fig. 6. 1848. P1. 77 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 22.0-25.go; TB. 32.0-37.Qp; BI. 8.5‘9.Qp; BSP. 14.0- 16.Bp; LP. 9.0-10.Qp. Measurements smaller than those given for the species by west & west (22). Very rare. Known from a single locality in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Staurastrum arctiscon (Ehrenb.) Lund. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsal. ser. 3, vol. 8: p. 70, t. 4, fig. 8. 1871. Pl. 79 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 93.0-118.Qu: TB. 82.0-1OBp: BI. 21.0-33.Qp: LSP. 54.0- 67.Qp: BSP. 40.0-53.6p. A very common desmid in the northwest where it was primarily en- countered in lentic environments at or below 3800 feet. Also known from a high altitude lake (7000 feet) in the southwestern part of the state. 239 Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-33033A0). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt 63-398,400); 27-(Mon25); 29-(H.L.l): 35-(Mt63-39D); 36-(Mt63-393). Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt639218,Kidd*); 64—(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: 80-(4Mon52); BZ-(MtGS-ZUD); 83-(Mt63-203); ea-(85): 86-(mt63-188); 89-(Mt63-389): 95- (Mt62-59); 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 3-(Mt63-l38); S-(Mt63-136); 15- (Mt62-28); l9-(Mt63-lll). Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64-73). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-162); 76-(Mt63-l76); 77-(Mt63-l94). Previously reported by Kidd(63) for collection locality 63, and by Thomssson (62) for Two Medicine Lake, located in the southeastern part of Glacier National Park (not illustrated). Staurastrum arcuatum Nordst. f. aciculifera west & west, Journ. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot., vol. 5: p. 262, pl. 16, fig. 34. 1896. P1. 80 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 31.0-32.Qp; TB. 33.0-37.Qp; BI. 8.0-8.5p: LSP. 22.0- 24.Qp; BSP. 22.0-33.Qp. This plant is identical to that illustrated by Irénée-Marie (39) es.§t. furcatum var. pisciforme Turn. (P1. 55, figs. 9, 10). Cells a little smaller than measurements originally given by Most and west. Otherwise identical. Rare. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Lake Co.: 84-(Mt62-81): as- (Mt62-63,72)3 94-(7Mon15). Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-27l). Staurastrum arcuatum Nordst. var. guitanense West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., vol. 29: p. 181, t. 23, fig. 10. 1892. fa. P1. 91 figs. 5,6,7,8. Measurements: TL. 20.0-24.Qp; TB. 22.0-26.Qu: BI. 6.0-7.qu. In face view the plants most resemble var. guitanense and like it, have the dorsal processes characteristic of the type greatly reduced. 2&0 The development of dorsal processes however, it quite variable in these plants, being in most cases completely absent. The plants are small for var. ggitanense. and more closely match the length measurements of the type. Consequently,the plants are entered here as an unnamed forma. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Lincoln Co.: 5-(Mt63-137): 15- (Mt62-26). Staurastrum aristifsrgm_Ralfs var. prescoflii Irénde-Marie, Hydro- biologia, vol. 4: p. 57, pl. 6 figs. 4,5. 1952. fa. P1. 67 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 2d.D-25.Qp; TB. 38.5-44.Qp; BI. 5.0-6.Qp; 855. 22.5- 27.Qp; LS. 8.0-12.Qu. Plants differing from Irénée-Marie's in being triradiate. Conse- quently, they are entered as a forms. In face view the plant also re- sembles §t, cuspidatum var. delgontei Irénée-Marie, but differ from that taxon in apical view, in which it is similar to gt, aristiferum var. protuberans west & West. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186,187). ‘taurastrum avicula Breb. in Ralfsl Brit. Desmid., p. 140, t. 23, fig. 11. 1848. var. avicula Pl. 91 figs 1,2. Measurements: TL. 27.5-31.§p8 TB. 30.5-40.Qp: BI. 7.0-10.Qp: 855. 30.5. 36.9p. A number of specimens were found in which one semicell possessed but a single spine at the corners thus resembling §£, lunatum Ralfs. The other semicell, however, had two spines or bifurcate processes typical of the epecies. Semicell completely devoid of spines were also noted. 241 The plant described by Made (57) as|§§. avicula var. coroculatum is placed in this text with §£,g£gggggm Irénée-Marie. This Species was only encountered in collections from the northwest where it is of moderately rare occurrence. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1); 35-(Mt63-39l); 42-(Mon16). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64); 95-(Mt62-60). Lincoln Co.: lB-(Mt63-7A): 15-(mt62- 26): 17-(Mt63-118,121). Previously reported by Thomssson (62) for Two Medicine Lake located in the southeastern part of Glacier National Park (not illustrated). Staurastrum bicorne Haupt., Mitth. a. d. Naturwiss. Ver. f. Neuvor-pommern u. RUgen Jahrg. 20: p. 95, t. 3, figs. 21, 24, 27. 1888. P1. 96 figs. 8,9,10,11,12. Measurements: TL. 53.0-65.8p; TB. 71.0-112.Qp; BI. 12.0-14.8p. This Species was only encountered in northwestern Montana where it is of common occurrence. Some of the smaller specimens are somewhat reminiscent of §t,_johnsonii west & West. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399); 29-(H.L.l); 35-(Mt63-391): 36- (Mt63-393); 47-(Mt63-415). Glacier Co.: 64-(mt61-2). Lake Co.: 87. (Mt64-65). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-1d2): 4-(Mt63-130); 19-(Mt63-110): 21- (Mt63-100,103). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163); 76-(Mt63-l60). _taurastrum bienneanum Rabenh., Alg. no.1410. 1862 var; bignneanum P1. 71 figs. 15,16. Measurements: TL. 36.0-44.0p; T8. 37.2-44.0p: BI. 11.5-12.8p. The larger forms of this plant illustrated in fig. 16, have more rounded lateral angles than are generally attributed to the type. Rare. Known from two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Missoula Co.: 101-(Mt64-70). 262 Stsurastrum bienneanum Rabenh., var. ellipticum Wills, vaers. K. Vet.- Akad. Forh., 5: p. 50, t. 13, fig. 49. 1879. P1. 71 fig. 13. Measurements: TL. 30.0-32.8p: TB. 30.5-32.5p381. 8.5-9.8p. Cells a little smaller than measurements given for the variety by Best and west (12). Rare. Known only from two collection localities west of the contin- ental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 41-(Mt63-60,61). Missoula Co.: lUO-(Mt63- 419). Staurastrum bienneenum Rabenh. fa. P1. 71 figs. 12,14. feasurements: TL. 25.0-36.8p; TB. 25.5-33.8p; BI. 6.5-12.Qp, Plants differing from the type in being a little longer than bread. The plants are small and resemble the one identified as Staurodssmus 2&3: nneanum var. ellipticus (Wills) Groasdale (1962),and illustrated on pl. 6, fig. 107. Moderately rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 133-(Mt63-314). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63- 399); 27-(Mon25): 31-(4183); 47-(Mt63-415). Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-110). Ravalli Co.: 117-(Mt63-280). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-159). Staurastaum boldtianum Gronb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., n. ser, 82(5) p. 40, pl. 4, fig. 4. 1942. P1. 63 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 23.Qp: T8. 21.8p: BI. 8.Qu. Plant most resembles this species as illustrated by Groasdale (62) under the name Staurodesmus boldtianus (cStd. sibericus (Borg.) Teil. 243 var. crassangulatus (Borg.) Teil.),also somewhat resembling §§, Zechariesii Schrod. as illustrated by Gr6nblad (63). This latter named species, how- ever, is smaller. Very rare. A single specimen observed. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-444). Staurastrum boreale West & west, Proc. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 23: p. 27, t. 2. fig. 25, 1905. P1. 103 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 22.0-26.8p; TB. 31.0-46.Qu: BI. 7.0-9.Qp. It appears that this Species differs from §§, gracile Ralfs only in its smaller size and probably should be considered a variety of that species. 1 Known only from collection localities west of the continental divide where it occurs with moderately rare frequency. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 42-(Mon16). Lake Co.: 82- (Mt63-201); 84-(X8); 86-(Mt63-188); 95-(Mt62-59). Lincoln Co.: 6- (Mt63-148). Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-4). Staurastrum botrophilum wells, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 8(1) p. 2, t,5, fig. 13, 1881. P1. 86 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 45.0-46.9p: TB. 40.0-42.Qp; 10.0-11.Qp. Very rare. Only a few specimens seen. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63-78). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Staurastrum brachiatum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 131, t. 23, fig. 9. 1848. P1. 77 fig. 2. 244 Measurements: TL. 24.0-34.8p; TB. 21.0-40.Qp3 BI. 7.0-8.6p. Rare. Never collected in any abundance. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Lake Co.: 86-(62-63, Sieminska*); 94-(7Mon15). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265), Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum bresiliensg Nordst. var. lundellii West & West, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. sec. ser. Bot. vol. S(5):p. 259. 1896. P1. 77, figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 110-180.6p; T8. 113.0-14D.7p; BI. 31.0-36.Qp. This species is rather rare in the collection and is known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31(Kidd*); 46-(Mt62-l). Glacier Co.: 54- (Mt62-13). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-187, Sieminska*). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum brebissonii Arch. in Pritch. Infus., p. 739. 1861 var. brebissoni P1. 73 figs. 4,5 Measurements: TL. 40.0-48.8p: T8. 47.0-53.Qp: BI. 12.0-15.8p: LSS. 40.0- 45.8p; 855. 43.5 ~50.Qp. This was one of the more common Staurastra encountered. Collected in both the northern and southern montane regions. In addition to the typical form, the species is represented in the collections by a small form of the type, and one-variety. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l33-(Mt63-315); lSS-(Mt63-337). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399). Granite Co.: 128-(Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 85-(Mt63- 47); 95-(Mt62-S8). 245 Staurastrum brebissonii Arch.var. brebissonii fa. P1. 73 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 39.0-43.8p; TB. 39.0-45.8p; BI. 9.5-13.Sp: LSS. 36.5- 40.5p;BSS. 35'0'39°QP° Plant differing from the type in its smaller dimensions. The most often encountered form of the species. Only known from west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399); 25-(Mt63-407); 28-(Mt63-445); 39-(Mt63-77). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206,212); 86-(Mt62-66). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154); l4-(Mt63-76). Missoula Co.: lOO-(Mt63-419). Staurastrum brebissonii Arch. var. truncatum Gr6nb1., Soc. Sci. Fenn. Comm. Biol., 2: p. 27 pl. 2, figs. 85-86, 1927. P1. 73 fig. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 46.0-49.8p; TB. 43.5-48.8p; BI. 15.0-16.6p; LSS. 46.0- 49.0p: BSS. 43.0-46.§p. Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co. : 8-(Mt63-152). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l75). Staurastrum breviaculeatum Smith, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., 57: p. 78, pl. 70, figs. 10-18. 1924. P1. 75 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 35.5-37.8p: TB. 40.0-44.Qp; BI. 11.0-12.8p; LSS. 34.0- 35.8p: 85$. 34.0-38.8p; LS. 3.0-4.Qp. The plant illustrated in fig. 1 and entered here as the typical form of the species differs from the type in its depressed semicells and more closed sinus. It is somewhat reminiscent of gt, gladiosum Turn., but possesses shorter, stouter spines. Very rare. Distribution: Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-171). 246 Staurastrum breviaculatum Smith morphs P1. 75 fig. 2 Measurements: TL. 41.0p; T8. 45.8p; BI. 15.6p; LSS. 39.0p: BSS. 39.0p; LS. 1.5-4.8p. Differing from the type in the depressed nature of the semicells and reduced number of spines. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Staurastrum brevispinum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 124, t. 34, figs. 7a,b. 1848. P1. 67 figs. 6,7,10 Measurements: TL. 31.5-45.8p; TB. 28.0-40.8p; BI. 9.0-13.§p: LS. .5-1.0p. In the material studied there was considerable intergradation be- tween var. brevispinum and var. boldtii Lagsrheim. Consequently, plants which could be assigned to var. boldtii have been included under the typical form. This species was encountered in the northern and southern montane regions, occurring in lentic environments at altitudes ranging from 2000 to 7000 feet. The typical form was collected most frequently. Moderately common. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-330,333). Flathead Co.: 31- (Kidd'): 35-(mt63-391); 36-(Mt63-395). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-24). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-203,204); 87-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-l34); lS-(Mt62-26). Missoula Co.: 101-(Mt64-72). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63- 163); 74-(Mt63-l7l). 247 Staurastrum brevigflinum Breb. var. glgtgm_West & West, Trans, Roy. Soc. Edinb., 41: p. 502, t.7, fig. 16. 1905. P1. 67 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 40.0-44.8p: TB. 31.5-34.8p; BI. 10.5-11.Qp; L3. .5- 1.Qp. Plants smaller than measurements given by West and West, but similar in form. Very rare. Known only from west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Sanders Co.: 76-(mt63-190). Staurastrum bullardii Smith, Bull. Wis. Gaol. Nat. Hist. SUP., 57; p. 91. pl. 74, figs. 19-23, pl. 75, figs. 1—3. 1924. P1. 107 figs. 5-7 Measurements: TL. 45.0-80.8p; TB. 69.0-83.6p;81.6.5-9.Sp;LSP. 20.24.Qu; LP. 30.0-45.qp. The apical emarginate verrucae characteristic of this species were not always present. Various stages of verrucae development, however, were observed in specimens from collection locality 101. Moderately rare. Distribution: Carbon Co.: 178-(Mt64-109). Lewis 6 Clark Co.: 109-(Mt64- 84). Lincoln Co.: l7-(Mt63-118). Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64-7D). Powell Co.: lO6-(Mt64-74), Stgurastrum chaetocergg (Schrbder) G.M. Smith, Bull. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv.,57: p. 99, pl. 76, figs. 21-24; pl. 77, fig. 1. 1924. P1. 109 figs. 2,4 Measurements: TL. 60.0-91.Qp3 TB. 70.0-94.Qp; BI. 5.5-7.6p: LSP. 18.0- 26.6p; BSP. 12.0-19.8p: LP. 34.0-49.Qp. Very rare. Known from two collection localities, a small pond at 248 3600 feet altitude in north-central Montana, and a creek in the northeast at an elevation of 2000 feet. Distribution: McCone Co.: 192-(Mt64-21). Teton Co.: BB-GfltSA-Sl). Staurastrum chastoceres (Schrod.) G.W. Smith fac. triradiata. P1. 109 figs. 1,3 Measurements: TL. 82.0-88.8p; TB. 95.0-97.0p; BI. 8.0-8.5p; LSP. 32.0- 36.Qp; BSP. 24.0-25.8p; LP. 44.0-48.8p. Rare. Known only from the piedmont region (northcentral and south- central Montana) of the state. Collected from two rivers and reservoir, and not in abundance. Distribution: Carbon Co.: l76-(Mt64-lll). Chateau Co.: 156-(Mt64-46). Liberty Co.: 150-(Mt64—61). Staurastrum chaetocergg (Schrbder) G.M. Smith fa. P1. 109 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 78.0-79.8p: TB. 108.0-115.0p; BI. 6.0-6.5p; LSP. 22.0- 23.5p: BSP. 11.0-13.8p: LP. 52.0-57.8p. This plant differs from gt, chaetoceras in the shape of the corpus and the greater length of the processes. The semicells bear a row of three acute granules below the apex. A minute spine was present at the basal corners of one semicell. The plant, in body form, most resembles the species as illustrated by Skuja (P1. 39, fig. 1. 1956). Very rare. Only known from a lake at an elevation of 4000 feet in the northwest. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64-70). Staurastrum_cingulum (West & West) G.M. Smith Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 20: p. 353. 1922. 249 P1. 105 figs. 1,2,3 Measurements: TL. 4B.O-B4.Qp; TB. 64.0-95.8p; BI. 6.0-ll.5p; LSP. 27.0- 40.8p: BSP. 15.0-21.0p; LP. 25.0-47.8p. It was found that the shape of the semicell in this species was quite variable, ranging from subcylindrical to GUp-shaped. There was also considerable variation in the length of the processes, with the longer processes usually appearing more gracefully curved. The body of the semicells commonly possessed the typical isthmal ring of granules, however, specimens were found which completely lacked these granules as well as the intramarginal granules normally present at the apex. Plants lacking said body ornamentation might be placed by some authors with gt. garadoxum Mayan. Brook (59) mentions and illustrates forms with similar reduction of ornamentation. Moderately rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-340). Deer Lodge Co.: 129- (Mt63-383). Lake Co.: BB-(Mt63-197). Lincoln Co.: 7-(Mt63-127); l7- (Mt63-ll6,117). McCone Co.: 192-(Mt64-21). Valley Co.: lB3-(Mt64-11). Staurastrum glgggi_(Wittr.) Roy & Biss., Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 6: p. 18, 1893. P1. BO fig. 15. Measurements: TL. 40,Qp; TB. 40.Qp; BI. 8.Qp; LSP. 2B.Qp: BSP. 21.0- 22.01.13 LP . 10.0-12.0}1. Very rare. Collected from a high altitude (7000 feet) bog pool. A single specimen observed. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Staurgstrum conngtum (Lund.) Roy & Biss., Journ. Bot., 24: p. 237. 1886. 250 P1. 63 fig. 4 Measurements: TL. 36.0-40.0p; TB. 25.0-30.0p; BI. 6.0-7.5p: LSS. 22.0- 25.0p; BSS. 23.0-25.0p: LS. 7.0-10.0p. Rare. This species is only known to the author from collections taken west of the continental divide. Distribution: Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); 95-(Mt62-58). Ravalli Co.: 115- (Mt63-265,27l). Staurastrum connatum (Lund.) Roy & Biss. fa.? P1. 63 fig. 3 Measurements: TL. 22.0-26.Qp; TB. 20.0-21.0p; BI. 5.5-6.0p; L55. 19.0- 20.Qp: BSS. 18.5-19.0”; LS. 2.0-3.0p. This plant is very similar to that illustrated by Irénée-Marie (39) on pl. 45, fig. 13, under the name 52, agiculatum Breb. It also fits well for the measurements he gives. It differs from his plant in that the spines on the Montana specimens are divergent while in Irénée-Marie's plant the spines are directed vertically. I do not believe the plant is identical to either of the two forms of gt. dejectum var. apiculatum (Breb.) Lund. (egg. apiculatum) which are recognized in this study. Consequently, the plant is not placed with var. apiculatum. Since the plant is reminiscent of St, connatum in the shape of the semicells, but differs from it in its much reduced spines and smaller dimensions, the plant is entered with this species with reservation. Very rare. Only a few specimens seen. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182). Staurastrum controversum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 141, t. 23, fig. 3. 1848. P1. 99 fig. 3 251 Measurements: TL. 23.0-25.0p; TB. 36.0-37.0p; BI. 7.5p. Very rare. Known from a single collection taken from a small pond in the northwest. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-274). Staurastrum corniculatum Lund. var. spinigerum W. West 1’. M Gr6nbl., Acta Bot. Fenn., 66, p. 30, figs. 116, 167, 1964. P1. 66 figs. 5,6 Measurements: TL. 36.0-38.5p; TB. 35.0-40.5 ; BI. 18.0-19.0u: LSS. 36.0- 38.0p; BSS. 35.0-37.0u. The shape of the semicells in this plant is so characteristic and constant, and differs so from the type, that one could consider this plant a distinct variety. All of the Montana specimens possessed pores, and these did not extend into the angles (radial corners) of the semicells. The presence or absence of spines was variable, but most specimens lacked them. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the north- west. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: S-(Mt63-137). Staurastrum corgiguletum Lund. var. Qiunguigglatum var. Egg, P1. 66 fig. 7 Measurements: TL. 3B.O-42.Qp: TB. 37.0-42.0p; BI. 14.5-17.0u; LSS. 36.0- 40.5p: BSS. 36.0-38.Qp. ' Cell as broad as long or a little longer than broad, sinus open: semicells in face view triangular with ventral lateral margins indented, apical angles (radial corners) with paired, curved spines disposed ver- tically one above the other. Cells porous on the corpus, but not on the radial corners. 252 Plant distinguished from the type and all described varieties and formae by the paired robust and sharply curved spines present at the radial corners of the semicells. The Montana specimens are reminiscent of the Michigan plant reported by wade(52) as a forma of.§g. aviculnides Grdnbl. (38). In vertical view they are identical to Gronblad's plant, but differ from it in front view in having indented lateral margins in contrast to the straight mar- gins shown by Grdnblad. They differ from Wade's plant in having the pores restricted to the corpus of the semicell, and, in apical view, in having the sides convex in the middle as Opposed to concave. Very rare. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64-70,72). Staurastrum cornutum Qrch., Ann. Mag. Net. Hist., p. 232, 1881. P1. 84 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 37.0-42.0p; TB. 41.0-52.8p; BI. 11.0-13.qu; 853. 29.0- 37.0p. This Species showed morphological variation similar to that reported by Groasdale (57) for her Alaskan material. Cells ranging from practi- cally spineless forms to forms with large bi and trifurcate spines. Some plants in form approached St, forficulatum var. cornutiforme Wade. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-13). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-63). Staurastrum crenulatum (Nag.) Delp., Spec. Desm. subalp., p. 164, t. 12, fig. 1-11. 1877. P1. 104 fig. 4 Measurements: TL. 22.5-24.0p; TB. 37.0-38.0p: Bl. 7.5-8.5p. Very rare. Known from a single collection taken from a lake in 253 the northwest.. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lS-(Mt62-26). Staurastrum cristatgm (Naeg.) Arch. var.jagonicum Hirano, Acta Phytotax. Geobot., 14(3): p. 71, fig. 3. 1951. P1. 90 figs. 10,11. Measurements: TL. 37.0-39.0p; TB. 35.0-40.0p; BI. 13.5-16.0p. Very rare. Known only from two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: lS-(Mt62-26); l7-(Mt63-121). Staurastrum curvatum West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 29: p. 172, t. 22, f. 13. 1892.var. curvatum morpha P1. 63 fig. 2 Measurements: TL. 21.0-25.5p; TB. 21.5-24.0p; BI. 3.5-4.0p: LSS. 18.0- 19.0p; BSS. 15.5-17.0p; LS. 4.0-6.0p. Differing from the typical form of the species by its somewhat smaller body measurements and much shorter spines. Very rare. Known only from a hog in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-11,17), Staurastrum curvatum West f. brevispina Nygaard, Kgl. danske Vidensk. Selskab, Biol. Sk.,7(l):p,89, fig. 43. 1949. P1. 63 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 34.0-36.5p: TB. 32.0-34.0u; BI. 7.0-7.5p: LSS. 24.5- 26.5p: BSS. 28.0-30.0p: LS. 5.0-8.0p. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 82-(Mt63-l99). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l92). ,Staurastrum sp. 1 (egg. curvatum West var. inflatum Lind. & Pearsall?) P1. 66 figs. 1,2,3,4. Measurements: TL. 30.0-34.0}1; TB. 54.0-61.0)J; BI. 6.0-7.5}13 LSS. 30.0.. 31.5u; BSS. 26.0-30.Qp; LS. 11.0-17.0p: Z. 45.0:46.Qp-56.5:59.Qp. This plant is very similar in form and measurements to St. curvatum var. inflatum, especially as illustrated by Brook (figs. 19-24, 1958). under the name Staurodesmus curvatum var. inflatus. Teiling (67) con- siders this species as a variety of SEQ. dejectus but I do not believe this plant belongs to that species. Furthermore, the zygospore for the Montana plants does not fit. The zygospore is more reminiscent of that described by West, West and Carter (23) for St, cuspidatum. Since I can not find a satisfactory position for this plant I have entered it only as belonging to the genus, and indicated in parentheses a possible identification. Although a very rare plant, being known from a single locality in the northwest, it was collected in abundance. Distribution: Lake Co.: B3-(Mt63-202,204,205). Staurastrum curvirostrum Turn., K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 25(5): p. 107, pl. 17, figs. 12 a i b. 1892. 7 P1. 69 fig. 7 Measurements: TL. 43.0p; TB. 77.0p; BI. 12.Qu; BSP. 46.0p; LS. 13.0-17.9u. There are similarities between this plant and those entered as St, dickiei var. maximum West. This is seen in the placement of the spines and the nature of the sinus, and may possibly be yet another form of that variable species. It is entered here with reservation since only a single specimen was seen. Turner's original illustration is confined to a single semicell and it is somewhat difficult to visualize the exact form of the plant. Very rare. Distribution: Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-176). 255 Staurastrum cuspidatum Bréb. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 122, t. 22, fig. 1. 1848. var. cuspidatum P1. 64 figs. 6,7,8,9 Measurements: TL. 18.0-22.0p; TB. 24.0-31.5p: BI. 3.5-4.5p; 855. 19.0- 23.0p; LS. 1.5-5.0u. The plants illustrated in figs. 6,7, and 8 are what I regard as the typical form of the species. The plant illustrated in fig. 9, occurred along with the typical form at one locality. The upper semicell of the plant in fig. 9 (dichotypical), is reminiscent of St, eximium Turner. This was a moderately rare species. Known to the author only from west of the continental divide. Plants identified as gt, cuspidatum Breb. var. maximum W. West have been entered under §, mamillatum Nordstedt. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 47-(Mt63-415). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205): 95-(Mt62-60). Lincoln Co.: 5-(Mt63-l37); 15-(Mt62-26); 21-(Mt63-97). Staurastrum cyclacanthgm.West & West var. americanum Scott. Gr6nbl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. nov. ser. 8., 2, No. B: p. 35, pl. 18, fig. 14. 1957. P1. 97 fig. 17 Measurements: TL. 24.0-27.0p; TB. 28.0-36.0p; BI. 5.0-7.0p, These plants had a_greater deve10pment of ornamentation on the basal inflation of the semicells than indicated by Scott and Gronblad in the original discription. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-395); 47-(Mt63-412). Glacier Co.: 57-(Mt63-424). Sanders Co.: 75-(Mt63-173). Staurastrum cyrtocerum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 139, t. 22, fig. 10 e 1848. P1. 104 fig. 5. 256 Measurements: TL, 24.0-37.np; TB. 26.0-35.0p; BI. 7.0-8.5p. Plants Similar to those illustrated by Groasdale (65), Dick (23) and Skuja (28) as being this species. The plant illustrated by Siemin- ska (65) from COllection 10¢a11ty 86, under the name 5;. hexacerum (Ehrenb.) Wittr., is probably this species. Rare. Distribution: Beaverhaad co.: 13A-(Mt63-324). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-211); B6-(Mt62-63,73,Sieminska'?), Ravalli Co.: 114-(Mt63-256). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for collection locality 93 but he gives no illustration. Staurastrum dakotii Taft, Ohio. Journ. Sci. 48, p.87, pl. 1, fig. 5 1948. P1. 91 figs. 11,12. Measurements: TL. 29.5-34.0p; TB. 36.0-42.0u: BI. 10.0-11.5”. The contour of the plant in face view isidentical to that in the original illustration of the species, except that the granules on the Montana specimens are not so strongly developed. In vertical view there are some differences. In this view the angles of the semicell are more acute in the Montana specimens, and the sides are straighter. In addi- tion, there were no scattered granules in the center of the semicell, pores being present instead. Pores in series are also present along the radial angles of the semicell. This plant is very reminiscent of St, oxyrhynchum Roy & 8158. Very rare. Known from only two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,443). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-213). 257 Staurastrum dejectum Breb. Staurastrum dejectum was one of the more frequently collected and abundant species of the genus. It was primarily encountered in the northwest and was of common occurrence. Besides the typical form three additional varieties are reported. Staurastrum dejectum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 121, t. 20, fig. 5. 1848. var. deisctum P1. 64 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 26.0-27.0p; TB. 26.0-29.0p; BI. 5.5-6.5p, Very rare. Known only from two bags in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Staurastrum dejectum Breb. var. apiculatum (Breb.) Lund., Desm. Suec. p. 59. 1871. P1. 64 figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 20.0-27.0p; TB. 20.0-27.5p; BI. 4.0-6.0p. I have separated the plants which I consider‘gt. deiectum var. ggiculatum into two groups. The first consists of those plants with an elongated isthmus (figs. 3,4). These intergrade somewhat with the typi- cal form of the species. In the second group, listed below as an un- named forms, the length of the isthmus is reduced and with this shorten- ing of the isthmus the sinus becomes more acute. These latter plants are generally smaller in body measurements. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-393). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205): B7- (Mt64-66). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-l41): l3-(Mt63-73). Sanders Co.: 76- (Mt63-159). 258 Staurastrum dejectum Breb. var. aniculatum (Breb.) Lund. fa. P1. 64 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 16.0-21.0p; T8. 17.0-21.5p; BI. 4.5-6.0p. Plants distinguished from the typical form of the variety by its shortened isthmus. Moderately common and the most frequently collected form of the species. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l35-(Mt63-334). Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204); 84-(01,B5): 86-(Mt63-188); 98-(Mt63-62). Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-149). Madison Co.: l37—(Mt63-378). Sanders Co.: 7D-(Mt63-161); 76-(Mt63-159). Staurastrum deiectum Breb. var. Ragga Nordst., K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 22(8): p. 39, t. 4, Fig. 16. 1888. P1. 63 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 23.0-27.0p; TB. 21.5-25.5p; BI. 6.0-9.0p. The typical form of this variety is rare, being known from only three localities west of the continental divide. The plant listed below as a forma differs from the type in being larger and exhibiting greater morphological variation. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5); 31-(Kidd*). Lincoln Co.: 12- (Mt63-70). Staurastrum dejectum Breb. var. pagan; Nordst. fa. P1. 63 figs. 9-13. Measurements: TL. 28.0-31.0p: TB. 31.0-38.0p: BI. 7.0-9.5p: Z. 32.0-37.0p. Plants differing from the type in their larger measurements and in the greater degree of morpholOQical variation exhibited by the cell. Triradiate forms more frequently encountered than quadriradiate fecies. These plants with dorsal margins of the semicells less convex 259 than ventral margins, and with the spines marginal or nearly so, and divergent (fig. 9), are similar to the typical form of the variety except in size. These plants with dorsal margins equally as convex as the van- tral margins and with spines generally parallel and medially inserted (figs. 11,12) are reminiscent of St, mucronatum Ralfs. Complete inter- gradation exists between these forms. The develooing zygospore, encountered at collection locality 5, is at this stage, larger than that attributed to the species. Very rare. Collected in abundance at site no. 5. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 3-(Mt63-l38); 5-(Mt63-136,l37). Staurastrum dejectum Bréb. var. robustum (Messik.) Jackson comb. nov. (_£, cuspidatum var. robustum Messik., Viertel-jahrschr. Naturf. Gee. Zurich: 73: p.208, t. a, fig. 11. 1923). P1. 64 figs. 13,14. Measurements: TL. 43.0-47.0p: TB. 46.0-49.0p; BI. 7.0-9.0p; 858. 38.0- 41.0p. 0n the basis of the shape of the semicell and elongated nature of the isthmus I believe it best to consider this plant as a variety of 5;, deiectum than as a variety of 5;, cuspidatum. The plant described by Groasdale (65) as Staurodesmus dejectus var. borealis is probably e quadrate facies of this variety. The plant differs from the type in its larger measurements. Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-110). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l60). Staurastrum dentatum Kreiger, Archiv. f. Hydrobiologie, Suppl. - 8d. 11: p. 197, pl.16, fig. 20. 1932. P1. 97 fig. 16. 260 Measurements: TL. 27.0-28.0p; T8. 28.0-29.5 : BI. 5.5-6.0p. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality west of the continental divide. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186). Staurastrum denticulatum (MBg.) Arch. in Pritch. Infus. p. 738, 1861. P1. 90 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 31.5-33.5p; TB. 32.5-33.0p; BI. 10.5-13.0p. There are more than two or three rows of granules at the angles but, as is characteristic of this species, the granular rows are restricted to the angles. Rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-141); 8-(Mt63-152); 14-(Mt63-76). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs This species was one of the most common Staurastra collected, and although primarily encountered in the northwest, it was also found in the southwestern montane region. It exhibits considerable morphological variation, being represented in Montana's desmid flora by four varieties in addition to the typical form, and a number of unnamed forma. Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 123, t. 21, fig. 3. 1848. var. M P1. 68 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 29.0-32.0p: TB. 35.5-40.5p; BI. 8.5-9.5u. The typical form of the species has the smallest measurements and the unnamed formae listed separately below differ from it in their greater dimensions. Rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-395). Lincoln Co.: 12-(Mt63-71): l3-(Mt63-73): 19-(Mt63-110), 261 Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. dickiei fa. P1. 68 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 36.0-41.0p; TB. 51.0-55.0p; BI. l0.0-ll.Op; 885. 39.0- 45.0p. Differing from the type in its greater dimensions. However, this forms should not be confused with St, dickiei var. maximum West & West which is a taxon distinct from this. Moderately rare. Known from ponds and lakes at low elevations (at or below 3800 feet) in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 35-(Mt63-391). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-133): S-(Mt63-l37): 21-(Mt63-lO4). Sanders Co. 76- (Mt63-160). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. dickiei fa. P1. 68 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 41.0-45.0p; TB. 58.0-63.0p; BI. 11.0-14.0p; 855. 44.0- 47.Qp. Another unnamed forma assigned to the type. It differs from the type and the previously listed form in its larger measurements and generally more Open sinus. Plants approached var. maximum. Moderately rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead co.: 23-(Mt63-400); 27-(Mon25); 29-(H.L.1). . Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-146); 19-(Mt63-110). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. ciculare Turn., K. Sv. Vet.-Aked. Handl., 25(5) p. 105, t. 16, fig. 5.,1392. P1. 68 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 40.0-49.0p; TB. 40.5-47.0p: BI. 10.0-14.5p: 888. 36.0- 42.0p. 262 Moderately common. Known to the author only from west of the con- tinental divide. The plant previously reported by Kidd(63) as St. dickiei, for collection locality 31, is placed here. Distributionz' Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l); 31-(4181, Kidd*); 47-(Mt63- 413). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205); 84-(01X3): 86-(Mt63-188); 88-(Mt63-l97); 89-(Mt63-389); 95-(Mt62-58). Lincoln Co.: 5-(Mt63-137); lO-(Mt63-156). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. latum Hirano, Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ., 9: p. 304, pl. 39, fig. 13. 1959. P1. 68 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 28.8-30.0p; TB. 40.0-42.8p; BI. 8.0-9.5p; 855. 34.0- 36.8p. Very rare. Only two specimens seen. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 37-(Mt63-82). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. maximum West, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. sec. ser. Bot., 5(2): p. 72, t. 8, fig. 19. 1895. P1. 68 figs. 4,6. Measurements: TL. 38.5-46.0p; TB. 55.0-65.0p; BI. 11.0—14.0u; 855. 37.0- 42.8p. Two forms of this variety are included here. The first exhibits the distinctly Dpen sinus, stout spines in a lateral position, and the ven- tral margin of the semicell equal to or slightly more convex than the dor- sal margin (fig. 4), as is characteristic of the variety, In the second form the spines are more apically inserted and the dorsal margin is flat- ter. The two forms intergrade. The dimensions of the alga are close to those given in the original description. Moderately rare. Encountered in both the northern and southern montane regions. 263 Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-340); 147-(Mt63-360). Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25,Mt63-451). Lake Co.: 94-(7Mon15); 95-(Mt62-60). Lincoln Co.: lS-(Mt62-28). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265). sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63- 171). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. rhemboideum West & West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 35:p. 545, t. 16, fig. 9. 1903. Measurements: TL. 34.0-37.0p; T8. 50.0-55.0p; BI. 9.0-18.5p; 855. 37.0- 40.8p. Rare. Encountered only in collections from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63-78). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-13). Lake Co.: 84-(C3). Missoula Co.: 101-(Mt64-70). Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs fa. P1. 69 fig. 6 Measurements: TL. 40.0-42.5a;~ TB. 63.0-65.0p; BI. 18.0p: 855. 45.0- 46.8p. Plants differing from the type in its greater size, and nature and placement of spines. In size the plant is closest to var. maximum. The spines are marginal, long, stout and convergent. Very rare. Only two specimens seen. Consequently, only entered as belonging to the species. Distribution: Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-210); 95-(Mt62-59). Staurastrum dilatatum Ehrenb. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 133, t. 21, fig. 8,1848. var. dilatatum f. dilatatum _ P1. 89 figs. 11,12,13 Measurements: TL. 26.0-35.0p: TB. 27.0-33.0p: BI. 9.0-12.qu. Staurastrum dilatatum was of moderately frequent occurrence in the 264 collections, but only known from the northwestern part of the state. The typical form was the one most often collected. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,446,449,500); 29-(H.L.l): 52- (Mt63-439). Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon9). Lake Co.: Bl-(Mt63-206,212). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154); lO-(Mt63-157). Ravalli Co.: 114-(Mt63-256). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for collection locality 93 but he gives no illustration. taurastrum dilatatum Ehrenb. var. dilatatum fa. fusiforme fa.nov. P1. 89 figs. 14,15,16 Measurements: TL. 28.0-32.0p; TB. 33.0-38.0p; BI. 6.0-7.5p. Cells broader than long, deeply constricted, sinus widely open; semicells in their upper portion fusiform, the dorsal margin being convex, the ventral margin inflated at the isthmus; lateral angles produced into truncate, tapering rays. Vertical view triradiate, lateral margins con- cave. Cell wall finely granulate, the granules arranged in concentric rings. Granules at the extremities of the rays are sometimes more acute. Differing from the type by its longer tapering rays. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 47-(Mt63-413). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-65). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-129); 19-(Mt63-112). Staurastrum distentum Wolle, Desmid. of the United States and list of Amer. Pediastrum. Bethlehem, Pa. p. 149, pl. 41, figs. 15,16. 1882. P1. 80 fig. 14 , Measurements: TL. 23.0-26.5p: T8. 35.0-37.5p: BI. 10.5-11.0p. The plant is usually devoid of any granules on the body. However, one or two scattered granules were found on a couple of specimens. Very rare. Known from a single locality in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206,211). 265 Staurastrgm_dyowskii Woloszynska, Inst. Biol. Bot. Univ. Lvov. p. 7 pl. 3, figs. 53, 54. 1919 (not seen). Pl. 101 figs. 5,6. Measurements: TL. 18.8—23.8p: T8. 38.0-46.0p; BI. 6.0-0,Qp, This plant is entered here tentatively since only the type illus- tration was available to the author for study. The citation given above is all that is presently known to the writer regarding where the original description occurs. Rare. Collected only in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204). Lincoln Co.: 1—(4184). Staurastrum erasum Breb., Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. de Cherboug 4:p. 143, t. 1, fig. 28. 1856. P1. 73 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 33.0-34.8p; TB. 35.0-36.0u; BI. 11.8p; BSS. 33.0-34.0u. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality west of the continental divide. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265). Staurastrum floriferum West a West, Trans. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot., 5: p. 265, pl. 18, fig. 1. 1896. var. floriferum. P1. 107 figs. 1,2,3,4. Measurements: TL. 24.0-34.8p; TB. 52.0-74.0u; BI. 6.0-9.0u. Encountered primarily in the northern montane region, but also known from the northern piedmont area. Generally collected from lentic environ- ments at low elevations (at or below 3400 feet). Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 35—(Mt63-391): 36—(Mt63-393). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62—25). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205): 94-(7Mon15): 95-(Mt62-58). Lincoln Co.: 3-(Mt63-140); 5-(Mt63—137); 12-(Mt63-67): 15-(Mt62-28). Teton Co.: 60_(Mt64-51). 266 Staurastrum forficulatum Lund. This species is only known from two localities, a bog in Glacier National Park and a pond in the northwestern part of the state. Although very rare, the species shows a considerable degree of variation and in addition to the typical form of the plant, two varieties and a dicho- typical specimen were identified.. Staurastrum forficulatum Lund., Desm. Suec. p. 66 t. 4, fig. 5, 1871. var. forficulatgm P1. 84 fig. 7. measurements: TL. 34.0-38.qp: TB. 47.0-50.Qp; BI. 12.0-13.gu:esp. 33.0- 36.8p. Cells with bi or trifurcate processes. DevelOpment of apical verrucae variable, and intergradation exists between that characteristic of the typical form (fig. 7), and that present in var. subheteroplophorum f. simolex Grdnblad. previously reported by Sieminska (65) for this locality. Distribution: Lake Co.: B6-(Mt62-80), Stggrastrum forficulatum Lund. var. cornutiforme Wade, Revue Algol- ogique, No. 4: p. 267, pl. 2, fig. 9. 1957. P1. 84 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 35.0-40.0p; TB. 46.0-55.0p: BI. 11.5-14.5p: BSP. 31.0- 33.0p. Most abundant form of the species collected. This variety shows great variation in the shape of the semicell as well as the degree of ornamentation, and at times is strikingly reminiscent of g;. cornutum (compare figs. 1,2 and 4). 267 The plant reported by Sieminska (65) as E2! forficulatum var. heteracenthum, for collection locality 86 is placed here. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-13,19). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-80, Mt63—187, Sieminska”). Staurastrum forficulatum Lund. var. subhnteroplnphorum Gronbl. f. simplex Grbnbl. Acta Soc. Pro. Fauna. Fl. Fenn., 49(7): p. 57, figs. 5-6. 1921. Measurements: TL. 38.0-40.0p; TB. 53.0—55.8p; BI. 12.0—13.8u. Collected along with the typical form and intergrading with it. Distribution: Lake Co.: B6-(Mt62-80). Staurastrum forficulatum Lund. var. subheteroplophorum Grdnbl. f. simplex Grbnbl. & éin magnifurcatum Scott & Grdnblad. P1. 84 fig. 6 Measurements: TL. 35.0-48.8u; T8. 50.0-55.0p; BI. 11.5-13.0p; LSP. 36.5- 38.9u; BSP. 34.0-37.8u. The bottom semicell of this plant is similar to that illustrated by Scott and Gronblad. (pl. 30, fig. 2) for their St. magnifurcatum. The vertical view is also similar. The Upper semicell is similar to Grbnblad's original illustration 0F.§E' forficulatum var. subheteroplgphorum f. simplex (pl.5, fig. 6. 1920). From the degree of morphological variation present in the Montana material one could conclude that St. magnifurcatum is yet another form of E2! forficulatum and should not be regarded as a distinct species. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-80). Staurastrum furcatum (Ehrenb.) Breb., Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. de Cherbourg. 4: p. 136. 1856. P1. 80 figs. 9,10. 268 Measurements: TL. 30.D-36.Qp; TB. 26.0-37.Qp; BI. 7.0-9.5p; LSP. 22.0- 26.Qu: BSP. 18.0-22.Dp. Rare. Known only from west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Lake Co.: 86~(mt63~187). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-27l). Staurastrum furcigarum Breb. A common desmid but only known from western Montana. In addition to the typical form, two formae and one unnamed forma end morpha were also collected. Staurastrum furciqerum Bréb., in Menegh. Linnaea 14: p. 226. leD. var. furciqerum f. furciqarum_ P1. 82 figs. 1,2,3. measurements: TL. 46.5-68.Qp: TB. 41.53-67.qp; BI. 12.0—ia.qp; LSP. 35.5- 44.Qp. This was the most Frequently encountered and abundant form of the species. It was collected primarily in the northwest but is also known from the southern montane region. It is chiefly a lake species. The length of the processes varies and those possessing the longest processes are listed below separately as an unnamed forma. Distribution: Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63-384). Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5); 23-(Mt63-398); 39-(Mt63-78,79,81): a7-(mt63-413). Glacier Co.: SG-(Kidd’): 63-(Kidd*). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-66); 94-(7MOnlS). Lincoln Co.: 2-(mt63- 142); 3-(mt63-138); 4-(Mt63-133,134); 6-(Mt63-146,149)3_19-(Mt63-lll): 20-(mt63-91); 21-(Mt63-97). Previously reported by Kidd(63) for collection localities 56, and 63. The plant entered questionably as this species by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86, is not this species. 269 Staurastrum furciqerum var. furciqarum f. furcigerum morpha. P1. 83 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 54.0-68.8p; TB. 52.0-71.Qp; 81. 10-16.Sp: LSP. 34.0- 40.8p. Differing from the type in slightly longer processes. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-330,340), Deer Lodge Co.: 129- (Mt63-383). Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Lake Co.: 86A-(Mt62-69). Lincoln Co.: lS-(Mt62-28). Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64-70), Powell Co.: lO6-(Mt64- 74). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-163); 74-(Mt63-17l); 76-(Mt63-198); 77-(Mt63- 194). Staurastrum furcigerum Breb. var. furciqerum f. armigerun (Breb.) Nordst. Videnskab. Meddel. f.d. naturh. Foren.Kjobenhevn. p. 287. 1888. P1. 83 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 54.0-56.8p; T8. 56.8-61.8p; BI. 12.0-15.Qp; LSP. 35.0- 42.8p. Rare. Only known from collections west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-59). Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-4). Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-27l). Previously reported by Thomasson(62) for Two Medicine Lake, located in the southeastern part of Glacier National Park. Thomssson entered the plant under the name St, armigerum var. furcigerum, but not figured. Staurastrum furcigerum Breb. var. furcigerum f. austephana (Ehrenb.) Nordst. Videnskab. Middel. f. d. natur. Foren. Kjobenhavn. p. 207. 1888. P1. 82 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 50.8-63.8p; T8. 51.0-69.8u: 81. 12.0-16.5p; LSP. 36.0- 45.QU. Moderately rare. 270 Distribution: Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63-383). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63- 399); 36-(Mt63-393). Lake Co.: 84-(86). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-141). Staurastrum furcigsrum Bréb. var. furciqerum forma. P1. 83 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 78.8-84.8p; T8. 83.8-85.8p; BI. 13.0-18.8p; LSP. 44.0- 50.8p. I Differing from the type in its greater 3126. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the northwest. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Staurastrum galeatum Turn., K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 25(5): p. 122, t. 14, figs. 3,9,10. 1892.fa. P1. 97 fig. 14. Measurements: TL. 22.0-23.8p; T8. 29.8-31.8p; BI. 4.5-5.8u. This is very distinctive form of St. geleatum and rather small in size. It is reminiscent of Krieger's (32) var. reductum except that this plant has apical verrucae. Very rare. Distribution: Sanders Co.: 71-(Mt63-165). gtgggastrum gemelliparum Nordst., Vidensk. Medd. f.d. naturh. Foren. Kiobenhavn, no. 14: p. 238, t. 4, fig. S4. 1870. P1. 80 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 26.0-34.8p: TB. 22.0-27.8p; BI. 9-12.Sp; LSP. 20.0-27.8”. Very rare. Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for the same locality, a pond in the northern montane region. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-73, Sieminska*). 271 Staurastrum glabrum (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 217. 1848. P1. 69 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 22.8-27.8p; T8. 29.5-37.8p; BI. 5.5-7.9p; BSS. 25.0- 27.8p. 1 Rare. Known only from the northwestern part of the state. Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. However, her plant is not identical to the one listed here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 37-(Mt63-82); 42-(Monl6). Lincoln Co.: 6- (Mt63-149). Staurastrum gladiosu3_Turn., Journ. R. Micr. Soc. ser. 2, vol. 5, part. 6 p. 938, t. 16, fig. 21. 1885. var. gladiosum f. gladiosum P1. 75 figs. 5,6,7. Measurements: TL. 42.8-45.8p; TB. 43.8-50.8p; BI. 12.5-14.8p: LSS. 35.0- 38.8p; BSS. 37.0-43.9p. The typical form of the species was very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the northern montane region. Distribution: Lake Co.: B4-(X8). Staurastrum gladiosum Turn. ver. gladiosum f. Egggtg,Laporte, Recherches sur la, Biologie et la Systematique des Desmid. Encyclop. BiolOQique, 9:p. 118 figs. 177,178, 179. 1931. P1. 75 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 35.0-44.8p: TB. 37.0-46.8p; BI. 10.0-14.8p; LSS. 33.0- 39.Qp; BSS. 31.0-34.Qp. This was the most common form of the species. The plants, exclusive of the spines, are longer than broad. This form might well be considered as a distinct variety. There was some variation in the length and nature of the spines, and while at times they appear short, straight and quite 272 stiff, at other times they appear rather long and flexuous. A quadrate facies, listed below, was also encountered. The plant reported by Kidd (63) as 53, tsliferum Ralfs for collection locality 31 is placed here. Moderately common. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25, Mt63-451); 31-(4181, Kidd*). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-ll). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Lake Co.: 81- (Mt63-212); BB-(MtBZ-BD); BB-(mt63-I9B); 89-(Mt63-389). Lincoln Co.: lD-(Mt63-156). Missoula Co.: 108-(Mt63-419). Ravalli Co.: 114-(Mt63- 256); 115-(Mt63-265). Staurastrum_gl1:iesum Turn. var. glodiosum f. ornate Laporte, quadrate facies P1. 75 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 42.8-44.9p; T3. 38.0-42.8p; BI. 14.5-15.8p; LSS. 35.5- 37.5p: BSS. 31.0-32.8p. Very rare. Distribution: Missoula Co.: 100-(Mt63-419). Staurastrum qrarile Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 136, t. 22, fig. 12. 1848. pl. 103 figs a-lle Measurements: TL. 29.0-41.8p: TB. 44.0-68.0-(73.0)p; BI. 7.5-10.Qp; LSP. 27.0-33.8p. The size range of this species is as given by Brook (59). The Montana plants do show, however,some differences from his in other respects. The processes in the Montana specimens are subparallel to slightly diver- gent (exclusive of the dichotypical(?) plant illustrated in fig. 8). Thus the plants more closely resemble Ralfs' original description. No conver- gent processes were observed. In vertical view, as pointed out by Brook 273 (59), the intramarginal rows of granules usually lie in pairs (3-5 pairs per margin). However, specimens have been seen in which this arrange- ment is not apparent. In addition, the linear series of granules which run from the granular pairs down along the face of the semicell may at times be as described for St. boreale (a single linear series). Also observed was a double series (two rows) of granules extending from the apex of the plant down across the face of the semicell. Brook (59) indicates the close affinity between St, gracile and St. cingulum and a specimen (fig. 8) was encountered in which half the cell is‘gg. gracile and the other half is apparently gt, cingulum. Moderately common. The plant reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 56, as fit, paradoxum, I believe is gt. gracile. Distribution: Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63-3B4). Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 34-(Mt62-3); 35-(Mt63-391); 36-(Mt63-396). Glacier Co.: 56-(Kidd*): 63- (Mt63-218). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-l33). Sanders Co.: 73-(Mt63-167); 76-(Mt63-499). Previously reported by Kidd(63) for collection locality 56, and by Schindler (54) for collection locality 91. Schindler gives no illustra- tion. §taurestrum gggggg_8ulnh., Hedwigia,2(9):p.51, t. 91, fig. 41. 1861. var. 3.28299. P1. 72 figs. 1,4. Measurements: TL. 84.0-94.8p; T8. 82.0-93.5p; BI. 17.0-23.8”. Very rare. Known only from a small pond in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-202,204,205). 274 Staurastrum grands Bulnh. var. pggvgg_west, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., p. 11, t. 2, fig. 51. 1894. P1. 72 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 78.8-75.8p: T8. 65.8-67.8p: BI. 15.0-19.QU. Very rare. anon from a high altitude (7888 feet)1ake west of the continental divide. Distribution: Granite Co.: l25-(6Mon49). Staurastrum granulosum (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 217. 1848. This species is known to the author only from an illustration by Schindler (54) who reported its presence at collection locality 91. It has been included with it, lunatum Ralfs. Staurastrum greenbladii Skuja, Arbeiten d. Naturforsch,- Ver.Riga., 19: p. 17, t. 1, figs. 16,17. 1931. P1. 71 figs. 4,7. Measurements: TL. 25.5-27.8p: TB. 21.8-23.8p: BI. 11.8-12.8p. Very rare. Known only from Glacier National Park region. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 24—(Mt63-411); 25-(Mt63-487). Staurastrum gurgsliense Schm., besterr. Bot. Zeitschr., 45: p. 64, (sep. p. 35), pl. 16 figs. 23a&b. 24a&b. 1896. P1. 181 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 28.8-22.8p; TB. 25.8-27.8p; BI. 7.8-8.8p. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-443).‘ 275 Staurastrum hantzschii Reinsch. Staurastrum hantzschii was a moderately common desmid, although only encountered in the northwest. The Montana specimens showed considerable . morphological variation, indicating affinities to a number of other taxa, (e.g. s3, nonanum Turn., §£, renardii Reinsch, and‘gt. tohOpekaliqense wells). The variation in this species is in the number of processes in the lower whorl as well as in the length of these processes. A number of dichotypical specimens were also encountered. Staurastrum hantzschii Reinsch, Acta Societ. Senekenb. vol. 6: p. 129, t. 22, D II. 1867.var. hantzschii P1. 78 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 37.8-41.8p:.TB. 31.8-34.8p; BI. 13.8-13.5p; LSP. 27.8- 32.8p: BSP. 22.8-25.8p. The length of the processes is so variable in this species that one can not adequately separate gg, hantzschii Reinsch var. congruum (Racib.) West & west, from the type. Consequently, plants which would otherwise be assigned to west & west's variety are included with the typical form, In fig. 6 we have a dichotypical specimen. The upper semicell is the typical form of the species. The lower semicell is what I regard as St, tohgpekaligsnse Wolle var. brevisginum G.M. Smith. Other dicho- typical specimens with shorter processes and in which there are 3 pro- cesses in the lower whorl were also found. Such plants are reminiscent of §_i_:_. renardii. . Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-443): 31-(4182); 48-(Mt63-416). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon4l). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-171). 276 _§teurastrum hantzschii Reinsch var. hantzschii fa. P1. 78 figs. 2,3,4,5. Measurements: TL. 42.8-44.8p; TB. 38.8-42.8p; BI. 13.5-15.5p: LSP. 31.8-. 32.5p: BSP. 23.8-25.8p. This form differs from the type in having longer processes. The plant is identical to that illustrated by Hinode (pl. 13, fig. 38, 1959) as §t, hantzschii var. jaoonicum Roy & 8198., by Irénée-Marie (P1. 55, fig. 13, 1939) as St, tohopekalioense var. nonanum (Turn.) Schmid., by Scott and Prescott (pl. 48, fig. 6, 1961) 39.§E- tohopekaliqense fa. migg§.(Turn.) Scott & Presc., and by west & West (t. 21, fig. 27, 1982) as a form of.§t. tohOpekalinense var. trifurcatum (=55, tohopskaliqense var. brevispinum). In fig. 3, the upper semicell has 9 processes in the lower whorl, and in vertical view the semicell is as in fig. 4. The bottom semicell has only 6 processes in the lower whorl and in apical view these are arranged as in fig. 5. Plants possessing only 3 processes (dichotypical) in the lower whorls were alsoencountered in the same population, these semicells being similar to St, tohopskaliqense var. brevispinum. I regard these plants as intermediate forms diverging from the type and eventually leading to the'gt,‘tphqpekalioense var. nananum type. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4183). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-l71). gt, hantzschii Reinsch fa.(s§£, tohqgekaligense var. brevisginum G.M. Smith, Bull. Wis. Gaol. & Nat. Hist. Surv., 57(2): p. 121, pl. 82, figs. 8-11. 1924) P1. 78 fig. 6,7,8. Measurements: TL. 44.8- 55.8p: TB. 41.8-54.8p: 12.0-14.5p: LSP. 28.0- 30.qu: esp. 20.0-23.8p. 277 Of thd desmids included under.§t. hantzschii, this one was the most frequently collected. It differs from the type (§t, hantzschii) in that the semicells possess only 3 precesses in the lower whorl. Dichotypical specimens with one semicell possessing more than this number are known from collection localities 48 and 127. The processes are also longer than in the type and in the Montana material this length is.quite vari- able. This was especially true of specimens collected at locality 83. At that locality there was a progression in the length of the processes culminating in specimens which can be identified as.§t. tohogekaligensg var. nananum (fig. 9). Moderately rare. Can occur in abundance at a locality. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(Kidd*); 41-(Mt63-58); 48-(Mt63-416). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-218); 83-(Mt63-284); as-(mtoz-os). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31, under the name'St. tohopekaligense. The plant he reports as §;, leptocanthgm from the same locality is also placed here. §_, hantzschii fa. (3&3, tohgpekaliqense var. nananum (Turn.) Schmid., Engler's Bot. Jahrbuch., 26: p. 52, fig 113. 1898). P1. 78 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 68-64.8p: TB. 56.8-62.8p: BI. 15.8-17.8p: LSP. 31.5- 32.8p; esp. 26.0-27.Qp.' Very'rere. Distribution: Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-283). Staurastrum heimerlianum Lutkem., Verhandl. d.k.k. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. 42: p. 568, 1892. Pl. 97 fig. 15. 278 Measurements: TL. 14.8-17.8p: TB. 38.8-37.8p; BI. 6.5-7.8p. Very rare. Known only from two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186, Sieminska*). Sanders Co.: 75- (Mt63-l73). Previously reported by Sieminska for collection locality 86. Staurastrum hexacerum (Ehrenb.) Wettr., Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., l: p. 51. 1872. P1. 181 figs. 2,3,4. Measurements: TL. 15.8-19.8p: TB. 16.8-23.8p: BI. 4.8-5.5p. Moderately rare. Known only from collections taken from the north- west. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-449): 37-(Mt63-82). Lincoln Co.: 12-(Mt63-78); l3-(Mt63-74); 14-(Mt63-76). Sanders Co.: 77-(Mt63-195). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86, but I do not believe her plant is this species. Staurastrum inconspicuum Nordst. Acta Univ. Lund., 9: p. 26, t. 1, fig. 11. 1873. var. inconspicuum. P1. 97 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 14.8-16.8p: TB. 14.8-18.8p; BI. 5.8-7.8p. In addition to the typical form of the species which is only known from one locality, var. crassum Cay was also found. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: BB-(Mt63-186, Sieminske*). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for this collection locality. Staurastrum inconspicuum Nordst. var. crassum Gay, Mono. loc. Conj. p. 68,t. 2, fig. 18. 1884. P1. 97 fig. 2. 279 Measurements: TL. 18.8-13.5”: T8. 18.8-14.®i; BI. 5.8-6.8p. More frequently encountered than the typical form. Known only from west of the continental divide. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-16). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-58). Staurastrum inflexum Breb., Mem. d.1. Societe Imp. des Sciences Naturelles der Cherbourg. vol. 4: p. 148, t. 1, fig. 25. 1856. P1. 184 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 16.8-24.8p; T8. 21.8-36.8p; BI. 4.5-7.8p; LP. 7.0-15.8u. The length of the processes in this species is quite variable. Common. Only known from collections west of the continental divide. Distributions: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-488); 28-(Mt63-442); 29-(H.L.1): 31-(4182); 35-(Mt63-391); 44-(Mt63-51). Granite Co.: 128-(Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-213); 85-(Mt63-47); B7-(Mt64-66) 94-(7Mon15). Lincoln Co.: 1-(4184); 4-(Mt63-129); 5-(Mt63-137); 6-(Mt63-147); 13- (Mt63—73); 15-(Mt62-26); 19-(Mt63-109). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-266). Sanders Co.: 78-(Mt63-161); 74-(Mt63-171); 78-(Mt63-181). Staurastrum insigne Lund., Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3,8: p. 58, pl. 3, fig. 2. 1871. P1. 71 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 24.8-27.8p; TB. 28.8-23.8p; BI. 18.8—13.8u. Very rare. Known from a single locality in Glacier National Park. Only a few specimens seen. Note change in magnification for the illus- tration of this species. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28_(Mt63-449,580). Staurastrum iotanum Wolle, Desmids of the United States and list of American Pediastrums. Bethelehem, Pa., p.137, t. 51, figs. 5-7. 1884. 288 P1. 97 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 12.8-19.5p; TB. 15.8-21.8p; BI. 4.0-5.8p. This was a moderately common desmid, althouqh only known from the northwest. In addition to the typical form, the var. £23533 Teil. was also encountered. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-443): 35-(Mt63-391).l Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-12). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-284); 84- (01): 89-(Mt63-3BB); 95-(Mt62-58). Stguragtrgm iotanum Wolle var..tg£tgmiTeiL, Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 18, Hafte l, p. 65, fig. 15, 1916. P1. 97 fig. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 15.8-19.8p; T8. 14.5-17.8p; BI. 4.8-5.8u. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Staurastrum irregulare wast, Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc., p. 12, t. 2, figs. 49, 58. 1894. This species was reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86, and is known only to the author from her illustration. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Sieminske9). Staurastrum jaculiferum West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,29: p. 172, t. 22, fig. 14. 1892.var. jaculiferum P1. 62 figs. 21,22. Measurements: TL. 33.8-39.8p: TB. 25.8-38.8p: BI. 3.8-4.8p: LSS. 13.0- 15.5p: BSS. 12.8-13.8p: LS. 18.8-15.5p. This species is very rare. The measurements are smaller than those given by West (92). 2(31 Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-63). Staurastrum Jaculiferum West var. excnvstum West & west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 3’: p. 544, t. 17, fig. 5. 1983. P1. 62 figs. 19,28. Measurements: TL. 32.8-37.8u; TB. 26.8-38.91; BI 4.8-4.5p; LSS. 16.8- 17.qp; ass. 12.5-14.ge. Plants similar to that reported by Gronblad (pl. 2, figs. 21,22. 1936) as this variety, and that reported by Irénée-Marie (pl. 49, fig. 14. 1939) as fit, cuspidatum var. divergens. Sieminska (65) records a quadrate form, in addition to the typical triradiate plant, from collection locality 86. The plant she identifies as St. cuspidatum var. divergens is included here. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186, Sieminska*). Staurastrum johnsonii west & Nest, Trans. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot., 5: p. 266, pl. 17, fig. 16. 1896. P1. 96 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 41.0-59.Qp: TB. 56.8-98.Qp: 31. 8.5-12.Qp. This species may be a biradiate faCies of St. suhmanfeldtii West, or St, pseudosebaldi Willa. Moderately rare. Known only from the north- west. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25); 29-(H.L.1); 3S-(Mt63-391); 36- (Mt63-393); 41-(Mt63-58). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-13,28). Lake Co.: 83- (wt53-204). Missoula Co.: 181-(Mt64-78). Staurastrum laeve Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 131, t. 23, fig. 18. 1848: VBP- 12282 P1. 80 fieso 1:2: 282 Measurement: TL. 28.8-24.8p; TB. 25.8-26.8u; BI. 6.5-7.8u. Very rare. 'Known from a single pond in the northwest corner of th. States Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-118). Staurastrum leave Ralfs. var. latidivernens Scott & Gronblad., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 2(8): pl. 31, fig. 4. 1957. P1. 88 figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 24.8-28.8p: T8. 27.8-28.5p: BI. 7.8-7.5p. This plant is similar in form to that illustrated under the above name by Scott and Gronblad (57), but unfortunately the description of the plant apparently was omitted from their publication. Very rare. Known from two localities west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 47-(Mt63-413). Lincoln Co.: 5-(Mt63-137). Staurastrum lapponicum (Schmid.) Grbnbl., Soc. Sci. Fenn. Comm. Biol., 2. p.29 91. 2, figs.186,187, 1927. var. lapponicum f. lapponicum P1. 88 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 29.5-41.5p: TB. 29.8-42.8p; BI. 8.8-12.8u. This was a common species, being known from both the northern and southern montane regions, as well as south-central Montana. In addition to the typical form, which intergrades with.§§. gunctulatum Breb., a form which appears to be new to science was also found. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399): 27-(Mon25,Mt63-458): 28-(Mt63- 444): 29-(H.L.l): 31~(4181). Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon9). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63- 289): 83-(Mt63-284); 86-(Mt62-63). Lincoln C8.: 18-(Mt63-157): lS-(Mt62 26). Sanders Co.: 72-(Mt63-162): 77-(Mt63-194). 283 Staurastrum lagoonicum (Schmid.) Gronbl. fa. depressum fa. nov. P1. 88 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 33.5-39.8p; TB. 36.8-42.8p; BI. 18.8-12.8”. Plants differing from the type in being broader than long and in the more depressed nature of the semicells. Known from the south-central piedmont and western montane regions. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l33-(Mt63-316): 134-(Mt63-327). Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l); 36-(Mt63-394). Granite Co.:128-(Mt63-386). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-65). Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-146). Sweetgrass Co.: l7l-(Mt64- 180). Staurastrum lgptocanthum Nordst., Vidensk. Medd. f.d. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 15: p. 229, t. 4., fig. 46. 1878. This was a very rare species, known from a single collection locality in the northwest. Only a single specimen was observed and it was in poor condition. The plant reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31, under this name is entered in this text as it- hantzschii fa. (=_s__. tohooekaligense var. brevisginum), Distribution: Flathead Co.: 41-(Mt63-58). Staurastrum loggiges (Nordst.) Teil., Bot. Notiser, Hafte l:p. 88, fig. 23. 1946. P1. 118 fig. 2. Included under this species are desmids which range in semicell shape from subcylindrical to cyathiform. The subcylindrical plants are reminiscent fo St, gigggg var. tridentata Nygaard. Others appear to be similar to Skuja's (pl. 54, fig. 2. 1964) gt, longiges var. longibrachie- tum.(Teil) Skuja. The cyathiform-shaped plants are similar to the species as illustrated by Smith (pl. 73, figs. 3-6, 1924) and West 8 west and 284 Carter (pl. 146, figs. 2,3, 1923): Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 147—(Mt63-362). Glacier Co.: 57-(Mt63- 421). Powell Co.: 186-(Mt64-74); 187-(Mt64-79). Staurastrum longipes (Nordst.) Teil. morpha Pl. 118 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 128-144.8p; T8. 185.8-112.8p; BI. 8.8-8.5p: LSP. 26.8- 28.8p; BSP. 18.8-21.8p; LP. 62.8-73.8p. Plant differing from the type in its longer processes. Very rare. Distribution: Powell Co.: 186-(Mt64-74); 187-(Mt64-79). Staurastrum longip§§_(Nordst.) Teil. morpha. Pl. 118 fig. 1,3. Measurements: TL. 68.8-81.8p; TB. 74.8-94.8p; BI. 7.8-B.Su; LSP. 29.8- 33.9p. Cells differing from the type in the greater length of the corpus. Plants reminiscent of var. lonqibrachiatum (Teil.) Skuja, and St, 232922. var. tridentata Nygaard. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 147-(Mt63-362). Carbon Co.: 177-(Mt64- 115). Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63-383). Staurastrum lcnqiradietum west 8 West, Trans. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot., 5: p. 267, pl. 17, fig. 23. 1896. var. longiradiatum P1. 97 fig. 19. Measurements: TL. 26.8-29.8-(48.8p;) TB. 55.8-72.8p: BI. 6.8-7.8p: LSP. 26.8-29.8p: BSP. 12.8-15.8p. Very rarely, the processes are divergent which accounts for the greater total length measurement given above in parenthesis. This was a common species encountered not only in western Montana but in the 285 northeastern midland region as well. The typical form of the species is moderately rare and only found in the west. The plant identified as‘_;. lonqiradiatum by Smith (pl. 74 figs. 5-11, 1924) is not this species, and plants similar to Smith‘s are entered under gt, planktonicum Teiling. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-348). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63- 399); ae-(mt53-52). Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Missorla Co.: 181-(Mt 64-78). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for collection locality 93, but his plant is entered under,§t. planctonicum, and by Vineyard (51) for Glacier National Park but he gives no illustration. Staurastrum_lonoiradiatum var. mistassiniense Irénée-Marie, Le Naturalist Canadian, 76: p. 386, pl. 4, fig. 38.1949. P1. 97 figs. 18,28,21. Measurements: TL. 22.8-28.8p; TB. 38.8-47.8p: BI. 5.8-7.8p. The length of the processes is variable as is true for the var. lonqiradiatum and intermediary forms exist. Irénée-Marie does not indi- cate any form of supra-isthmal ornamentation in his origianl illustra- tion but granules may be present as they likewise may be in the typical form. This was by far the more frequently encountered form of the species, generally occurring in lentic environments at low elevations (at or be- law 3700 feet). Distribution: Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63-3B4). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63- 400): 35-(Mt63-39l): 36-(Mt63-393); 47-(Mt63-412). Garfield Co.: 191- (Mt62-26). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-65). Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-146): lZ-(Mt63- 67): 13-(Mt63-73,75): 16-(Mt63-113): 18-(Mt63-105): 19-(Mt63-112): 20- (Mt63-98,96): 21-(Mt63-97). Missoual Co.: 181-(Mt64-78). Sanders Co.: 71-(Mt63-165). 286 Staurastrum louisianicum Scott & Gr6nbl., Acta Soc. Scient. Fenn., nov. ser. 8. 2 , No. 8: p. 41, pl. 21, figs. 14-18. 1957. fa. P1. 67 fig. 9 Measurements: TL. 38.5p: T8. 43.8p; BI. 13.8p; BSS. 37.5p. The Montana plant differs from the type in having a more elevated apex, spines of equal length, and in apical view having concave margins. In the type the dorsal margin is broadly convex, the spines are of unequal length, the upper one being longer, and in apical view the margins are straight or very slightly retuse. In spite of these differences I believe the plant belongs to this species and is entered as an unnamed forma since only a single specimen was seen. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: l7-(Mt63-118). Staggastrgm lgngtpm Ralfs, Brit. Desmidnia. 124, t. 34, fig. 12. 1848. var. lunatum P1. 98 figs. l,2,3,4. Measurements: TL. 24.8-38.8p: T8. 22.8-31.8p; BI. 8.8-10.0p: LSS. 22.8- 29.8p: BSS. 21.5-27.8u. Staurastrum lggatum was a common desmid occurring primarily in western Montana, but also encountered in the northeast. The typical form was the form most frequently collected. The plant identified as St, granulosum by Schindler (54) has been included here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5): 27-(Mt63-458): 28-(Mt63-443,588). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-286,218)3 91-(Schindler*). Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-149): l3-(Mt63-74). Missoula Co.: 181-(Mt64-70). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt633265). Staurastrum lunatum Ralfs fa. P1. 98 figs. 5,6,7,B. Measurements: TL. 32.8-36.8p: TB. 36.8-43.8p: BI. 11.8-15.8u. 287 Plants differing from the typical form in their greater dimensions. They are reminscent of.§t. lunatum var. glanctonicum West & west, but that variety is larger. It was believed best to enter the plants solely as belonging to the species. Specimens were found which completely lacked spines, while some possessed two at each corner (fig. 5). More widely distributed than the typical form. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 132-(Mt63-185). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63- 399); 37-(Mt63-85). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-129, 134): 6-(Mt63-146). Sheridan Co.: 188-(Mt63-17). Staurastrum maamense Arch. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., 9: p. 288, 1869. var. maamense P1. 85 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 38.8-39.8p; TB. 33.5-36.8p: BI. 9.8p. This was a very rare species. Known only from Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l); 31-(4181). _taurastrum maamense Arch. f. atygicum Magnotta, Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, vol. 28:p. 164, pl. 26, figs. 7-8. 1935. P1. 85 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 34.8-39.5p: TB. 32.8-43.8p; BI. 19.8-12.8”. The plant identified as 55, cornutum by Kidd (63) from collection locality 31 has been included here. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l); 31-(4181, 4182, Kidd*). Staurastrum mamillgtum Nordst. This species, although a common desmid, was only encountered in the northwest, occurring primarily in lakes and ponds at elevations between 3088-4408 feet. As here presented, it includes one variety, a forms, and 288 morpha in addition to the typical form. Staurastrum mamillatum Nordst., Vidensk. Medd. f.d. naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn, No. 15, p. 225, t.4, fig. 55, 1870. var. mamillatum P1. 64 fig. 12 & P1. 65, figs. 2,3,5,8. Measurements: TL. 23.0-26.Qp; TB. 3D.D-46.Qp: BI. 4.0-S.Qp; 833. 21.0- 23.Qp; LS. 4.0-16.Qp. Cells intergrading in size with plants identified as'gt. cuspidatum_ var. maximum. Length of the spines quite variable, usually convergent, more rarely divergent. The typical form was of moderately common occu- rrence. Known only from the northwest. A rather small form of the typi- cal is listed below separately. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon 25); 29-(H.L.l): 37-(Mt63-82); 47- (Mt63-414). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-ll). Lincoln Co.: S-(Mt63-137): 12- Mt63-67). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-191). Staurastrum mamillatum Nordst. morpha. Measurements: TL. 17.0-20.Qp: TB. 22.0-30.Qp: BI. 4.0-5.Qp: 855. 16.0- 19.Qp3 LS. 2.5-7.Qp. Small form. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42). Lincoln Co.: lZ-(Mt63-67), Staurastrum mamillatum Nordst. (agt, cuspidatum Breb. maximum West, Naturalist, Lund., p. 247, 1891.) P1. 65 figs. l,2,3,4,6,9. Measurements: TL. 28.5-37.Qp: TB. 45.0-63.Qp: BI. S.D-B.Sp: LSS. 29.0- 35.qP: BSS. 26.0-35.Dp: LS. 7.5-16.Qp. I believe Teiling (67) is correct in placing this plant as a variety 289 of Staurodesmus mamillatus. However, since I have not used the genus Staurodesmus in this presentation, the plant is entered as belonging to _§, mamillatum and its precise identification is indicated in parenthesis. Known only from the northwest. The plant reported by Kidd(63) as gt. cuspidatum for collection localities 31 and 63 belongs here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l); 31-(Kidd*); 35-(Mt63-391); 36- (Mt63-394). Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218, Kidd*). Lake Co.: B3-(Mt63-202, 204). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-192). Staurastrum_mamillatum (agg. cusgidatum Breb. var. maximum, West, fa) P1. 65 fig. 10. Measurements: TL. 46.0-51.Qp: TB. 66.0-7D.Qp: BI. 5.5-6.Qp; LSS. 32.0- 3A.Qp; BSS. 27.0-29.Qp; LS. 23.0-26.Qp. This plant intergrades into var. maximum. Consequently it is assigned to that variety as an unnamed forma. It differs from it in possessing slightly upcurved angles, and in the greater length of the spines. The plants are reminiscent of st, curvatum var. elongatum G.M. Smith, and could very well be that plant, but they seem more properly placed with gt, mamillatum. Very rare. Known from a single locality in the north- west. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lDl-(Mt64-7D). Staurastrum manfeldtii Delp. This species is one of the most polymorphic desmids encountered. As presented below I have grouped plants which can be identified with other taxa (names given in parentheses) but for which transitional forms exist which indicate their closer affinities to St, manfeldtii. Teiling (47) in his excellent paper on planktonic Staurastrg, pointed 290 out that in Delponte's original illustration of this species there were two figures in which the sinus of the plants was like those of St, sebaldi Reinsch. He furthermore states that there is no guarantee that Delponte's material was homogeneous. The Montana specimens studied indicated that Delponte's illustrations do represent a single species. My figs. 1,2 and 3 (pl. 94) are similar to Delponte's figs. 10, ll, 12 and 13. These specimens have shortened, subparallel to somewhat convergent processes, and were the least encountered form of the species. Figures 4,5 and 7 of this text, are similar to his figs. 14 and 16, and with longer, more convergent processes. The latter forms might well be assigned to gt, sebaldi var. ornatum Nordst. by some authors, but in my opinion, it is not that taxon. I believe wast, west and Carter's (pl. 148, fig. 7, 1922) illustration of St, sebaldi var. ornatum is an example of such a deter- mination. Figures 1,2 and 5 are from the same population. Plants with longer processes, disposed parallel or slightly diver- gent appear as in figs. 2 and 3 of pl. 95. Lengthening and changes of direction of the processes may be accompanied by a change in semicell shape from cyathiform to subcylindrical. These last mentioned forms are reminiscent of.§§. gracile var. cyathiforme\Mest & West. The plants which are illustrated on pl. 95, figs. 7 and B, can be identified as St, sebaldi var. ornatum f. planctonica Teiling. Since I believe, however, that they are more closely allied to g5, manfeldtii.they are entered here under the name St, manfeldtfi.var. planctonicum Lutkemuller. (See discus- sion under fit, glanctonicum Teil. var. ornatum (Grdnbl.) Teil.) Staurasticum manfeldtg; (including all above forms) was a common and widely distributed desmid. 291 Staurastrum mnnfaldtii Delp. Spec. Desm. subalp., p. 160, t. 13, Figs. 16—19, 1877, var, mnnfnldtil. P1. 94 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 52.0-60.9p; TB. 66.0-86.@1; BI. 12.5-16.0P, Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22—(6Mon5); 44-(Mt63-54). Lincoln Co.: 2- (Mt63—141); 17-(Mt63-116); 21-(mt63-97). Staurastrum manfeldtii Delp. var. manfeldtii (=§t. sebaldi var. ornatum?) P1. 94 figs. 4,5,7. Measurements: TL. 37.5-57.Qp; T3. 64.0-97.Qp; BI. 11.5—13.5p. This form of the species has convergent processes, and the cells exhibited a considerable degree of variation in the ornamentation of the spices and processes. It intergrades completely with the plant given above. The most frequently collected and abundant form of the species. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-34D); 143-(Mt63-345). Flathead Co.: 35-(Mt63-390); 36-(Mt63-393); 42-(Mon16). Glacier Co.: 59—(Mt63- 429). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); B7-(Mt64-64); 95-(Mt62—60). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63—141); 4-(Mt63-133); S-(Mt63-137); 6-(Mt63-145); 12-(Mt63-67,68); 15-(Mt62-26). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265); 117-(Mt63-279). uMeatland Co.: 164-(Mt63-465). Staurastrum manfeldtii Delp. var. manfeldtii P1. 95 figs. 1,2,5. Measurements: TL. 50.0-62.Qp; TB. 86.0-110.Qp; BI. 11.0-13.5p. Included in this group are those forms intergrading with the plants identified as St. gracile var. cyathiforme. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-340). Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(mt63- 3B3). Glacier Co.: 64-(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: 80-(4Mon52). Lincoln Co.: 12- 292 (Mt63-67); 20-(Mt63-90); 21-(Mt63-97). Missoula Co.: lDl-(Mt64-7U). Roosevelt Co.: 189-(Mt64-4). Sheridan Co.: lBB-(Mt63-l6). ’0 Staurastrum_mnnfeldtii Delp. (set. gracile var. cyathiforme west & west, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. sec. ser. Bot., 5(2): p. 77, t. 9. fig. 2. 1895) P1. 95 figs. 3,6. Measurements: TL. 50.0-56,Dp; TB. 93.0-98.qu; BI. 11.0-12.Dp, In apical view (figs. 4,6) there is some variation in the develop- ment and pattern of ornamentation. Transitional forms between these plants and the typical form exist. This was a very rare form. Known from a single locality in the northwest. (See Teiling (47) for a dis- cussion of this plant and its relationship to St,_planktonicum Teiling.) Distribution: Missoula Co.: 101-(Mt64-7D). Staurastrum manfeldtii Delp. var. planctonicum Lutk. (egg, sebaldi var. ornatum f. planctonica Teil., Svensk Bot. Tidskrift, 41(2): p. 232. 1947) P1. 95 figs. 7,8. Measurements: TL. 62.0-101.qu: TB. 91.0-115.qu; BI. 11.5-15.Qp: LSP. 53.0- 62.Qp. Rare. Known only from four widely separated localities. Thomssson (62) has reported gt, sebaldi var. ornatum f. planctgnica from Two Medicine Lake located in the southeastern part of Glacier National Park. Hie plant (photograph) most resembles the plants I have illustrated in figs. 2 and 3 of pl. 95. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-334,340). Garfield Co.: 191-(Mt64- 27). Teton Co.: 6B-(Mt64-51). wheatland Co.: 164-(Mt63-465). Staurastrum margaritaceum (Ehrenb.) Menegh., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 134, t. 21, fig. 9. 1343. \ 293 Pl. 104 figs. 12,13,14. Measurements: TL. 22.0-29.8p: TB. 23.0-29.8p: BI. 7.8-8.gu. Moderately rare. Known from both the northern and southern montane regions. This species was previously reported for the state by Sieminska (65). She indicates the presence of §;, margaritaceum var. gracilius Scott and Grfinbl., for collection locality 86, but this variety was not identified by the author. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-340). Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63- 411); 25-(Mt63-4D7); Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Lake Co.: 84-(01): 86- (Sieminska, as var._graoiiius*). Staurastrum meriani Reinsch. Act. Societ. Senckenb. vol. 6:p. 125, t. 23, 01, figs. 1-11, 1867, P1. 86 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 43.0-44.9p; TB. 23.0-25.5p: BI. 18.0-18.5p. Very rare. Known from a high altitude lake (7000 feet) in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 49-(Mt63-436). ‘gtaurastrum messikommerii Lundberg, Bot. Notiser, 4: p. 290. 1931. var. messikommggi; P1. 100 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 34.0-44.Qp: TB. 50.0-67.Qp: BI. 8.5-12.Qp, This species was only collected west of the continental divide. The typical form was most frequently collected. Moderately common. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 35-(Mt63-391): 36-(Mt63-396): 43-(Mt63-SD): 47-(Mt63-412). Lake Co.: 93-(Mt63- ). Lincoln Co.: :- (Mt63-134): lS-(Mt63-73): lQ-(Mt63-llD); 21-(Mt63-101). Sanders Co.: 75- (Mt63-l72, 173); 79-(Mt63-l79). 294 'gtgggggtgum messikommerii Lundberg var. urnaeformo Lundberg, Bot. Notiser,4:p,29D, fig. l3a,b,C,d,e. 1931 P1. 100 figs. 5,6,7. Measurements: TL. 37.0-44.8p; TB. 71.0-80.9p: BI. 9.0-12.Qp. Rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 12-(Mt63-71). Sanders Co.: 71-(Mt63-l64); 7S-(Mt63-172). Staurastrum‘gigggg_west & West f. biradiate Irénée-Marie, Flore desmidiale de la Region de Montreal, Lapraire. Canada, p. 304, pl. 55, fig. 8. 1939. This plant was reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality B6 and is only known to the author from her illustration. It is possible that specimens of this forma have been included underlgt. iotanum var. teem. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Sieminska*). Staurastrum minnesotense Wolle, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 12: p. 6, t. 47, figs. 7-8. 1885- P1. 85 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 96.0-128,Qp: TB. 106.0-137.qp: BI. 24.0-3D.Qp: LSS. 71.0- 9B.Dp: BSS. 7D.0-B4.Qp. Rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon8): 63-(Mt63-218,219): 64-(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: BB-(Sieminska’). Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-4). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. §taurastrum monticulosum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 130, t. 34, fig. 9. 1343. 295 P1. 93 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 35.0-42.8P: TB. 28.0-36.Qp; BI. 12.5-14.Qp. Very rare. Known only from Glacier National Park. See discussion of g3, monticulosum var. greenlandicum f. hastatum, given under g5, sponqiosum Bréb. forma. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-447), Staurastrum mucronatum Ralfs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 15: p. 152, t. 10, figs. 5,6. 1845. P1. 63 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 16.0-20.8p; TB. 18.0-2D.Qp: BI. 4.0-5.9u: 855. 17.0- 19.Qp. Moderately rare. Encountered only in collections taken west of the continental divide. The plant identified as g;, mucronatum_and reported for collection locality 91, by Schindler (54) is not identical to the plants placed here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 35-(Mt63-391): 37-(Mt63-82): 47-(Mt63-413). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-13l): 13-(Mt63-73). Sanders Co.: 7D-(Mt63-161). Staurastrum mucronatum Ralfs var. subtriangulare West & West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 35: p. 545, t. 17, fig. 11. 1903. P1. 63 fig. 14. Measurements: TL. 36.Qp; TB. 52.Qp; BI. 10.9”. I believe this variety is more closely related to gt, deiectum var. gatens, than it is to g5, mucronatum. Very rare.' Known from a single collection locality in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-393). 296 Staurastrum muricatum Breb., in Ralfs‘ Brit. Desmid.,p. 126, t. 22, fig. 2. 1848. Very rare. Only a single specimen found and it was in poor condi- tion. Collected from a creek in the northwest. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: ll4-(Mt63-256). gtagrastrum guticum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 125, t.21, fig 4, 1848. P1. 71 fig. 9, 10,11. Measurements: TL. 14.5-23.9p; TB. 15.0-20.5p: BI.S.0-B.0p. There are two forms assigned to this species. In the first the sinus is sub-linear while in the second the sinus is decidedly open. Most of the Montana specimens are rather small in size. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63-11); 25-(Mt63-407); 27-(Mt63-450); 28 ~(Mt53-443). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-261). Previously reported by Thomasson (62) for Two Medicien Lake located in the southeastern part of Glacier National Park (not illustrated). Staurastrum natator west ggggggstrum natator was a moderately common Staurastrum and only encountered in collections from the northwest. It is represented in the desmid flora of Montana by two varieties and one forma in addition to the typical form. Staurastrum natator west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 29: p. 183, t. 23, fig. 14. 1892.var. natator P1. 106 figs. 2,3,4. Measurements: TL. 38.0-6B.Qp: TB. 51.5-BD.Qp3 BI. 8.5-9.0p: LSP. 32.0-35.0”. R8P'e Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1); 31-(4182, Kidd*). Glacier Co.: 297 54-(Mt62-24); 33-(mt33-213). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31. Staurastrum natator West var. crassum West 4 West, Trans. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot., 5: p. 265, pl. 17, fig. 14. 1896. P1. 106 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 31.0-45.qp; TB. 48.0-57.Qp; BI. 7.5-9.Qp: LSS. 30.0- 33.gp. Rare. . Distribution: Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42). Lake Co.: B3-(Mt63-240); B6- (Mt62-72). Staurastrum natator west. var.rhcmboideumCarter, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 50. p. 171, figs. 31,32. 1935. P1. 106 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 39.0-41.0p; TB. 52.0-55.gp: BI. 9.0-12.Qp: T. 27.0-30.5p. Very rare. Known only from two bogs in the northwest. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon8). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Staurastrum natator wast. var. rhomboideum Carter fa. triguetrg Carter, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 50: p. 171, figs. 33, 34. 1935. P1. 106 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 36.0-40,Qp; TB. 45.0-47.qu; BI. lD.5-l4.Qp. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 41-(Mt63-58). Missoula Co.: 100-(Mt63-420). Staurastrum neglectum West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 39: p. 70, t. 3, fig. 12. 1909. P1. 101, figs. 7.8. Measurements: TL. 22.0-23.9p: TB. 28.0-30.0p: BI. 5.0-5.gp. 298 Very rare. Known from a single lake in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l). Staurastrum omearii Arch., Nat. Hist. Rev. (Proc.) v. 5: p. 254, t. 21, figs. 8-13. 1858. P1. 62 figs. 16,17. Measurements: TL. 21.0-23.3p: TB. 22.3-24.Dp: 31. 7.0-3.5p:'Lss. 14.0- 17.0p: BSS. 14.0-19.0p. This was a rare species, collected west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 2B-(Mt63-500). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Lincoln Co.: 15-(Mt62-26). Staurastrum oghiura Lund., Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal, ser. 3,8: p. 69, t. 4, fig. 7. 1871. P1. 81 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 73.5-87.0p; TB. 134.0-140.0p: BI. 21.0-22.0u. This was a rare species in the collections. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182, Kidd*); 36-(Mt63-393). Lincoln Co.: 10-(Mt63-153,155): lB-(Mt63-106). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31. Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs This species was one of the most frequently collected Staurastrg. It was encountered in a variety of habitats ranging in elevation from ‘2000 to 7000 feet. It is represented in the collections by four varieties, one forma and two unnamed forms in addition to the typical. Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs, Birt. Desmid.,p. 125, t. 21, fig. 5h. 184B. var. orbiculare, 299 P1. 70 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 38.0-56.0p; TB. 33.0-47.0p; BI. 10.0-15.0p. Encountered only in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 26-(Mt63-405); 40(Mt63-B9), Lake Co.: 88- (Mt63-197); B9-(Mt63-388), Lincoln Co.: 6-(Mt63-l49); 10-(Mt63-158). Missoula Co.: 100-(Mt63-420), Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265). Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs. var. orbiculare fa. P1. 70 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 32.0-45.0p: T8. 34.0-46.0p; BI. 9.0-13.Qu. Cells differing from the type in being equally as broad as long, or broader than long. Semicells depressed. Collected primarily in the northwest but also encountered in the southern montane region. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.:135-(Mt63-330). Lake Co.: B7-(Mt64-66); 92-(Mt63-38). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-14l): 12-(Mt63-68). Sanders Co.: 70-(Mt63-161); 76-(Mt63-159). Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs var. degressum Roy & Biss. Journ. Bot., 24: p. 237, t. 268 fig. 14. 1886. P1. 70 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 19.0-26.0p; TB. 19.0-26.5p: BI. 6.0-8.0p. One of the more common forms of the species present. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6MonS): 36-(Mt63-395); 42-(Mon16). Lake Co.: Bl-(Mt63-210); B3-(Mt63-205); 87-(Mt64-64); 94-7Mon15). Lin- coln Co.: lD-(Mt63-158), Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-274). Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs. var. hibernicum (West) west & west, Mongr. Brit. Desmid. vol. 4, p. 156, pl. 124, figs. 5-9. 1912. P1. 70 fig. 10. 300 Measurements: TL. 52.5P; TB. 43.0p; BI. 14.0p. Very rare. Only a single specimen seen. Distribution: Lake Co.: B9-(Mt63-389). Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs var. Eggggggggm Play., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 37: p, 532, pl, 54, fig. 25. 1913. P1. 70 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 49.5-56.5p; TB. 46.0-51.5p: BI. 11.0-14.5u. Very rare. Known from two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204). Lincoln Co.: 14-(Mt63-76). Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs var. ralfsii West & West, Mongr. Brit. Desmid. vol. 4, p. 156, pl. 124, figs. 12,13,15,16. 1912. P1. 70 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 29.5-35.Qp: TB. 28.0-31.Qp; BI. 8.0-9.0p. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon32). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-12,19). Staurastrum orbiculare Ralfs var. ralfsii West & West, f. gala; West, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. p. 731. 1892. P1. 70 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 49.0-53.5p; TB. 43.5-47.0p: BI. 12.0-13.5p. Plants intergrade considerably into var. orbiculare. Rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-333). Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63- 77). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-59). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-171). taurastrum orbiculare Ralfs var. ralfsii fa. P1. 70 figs. 2,9. Measurements: TL. 20 - 27.0P; TB. 18.0-25.Qp: BI. 4.5-7.9U. 301 if this size are generally assigned to var. degressum. How- : of the subtriangular semicells they have been entered as arma of var. ralfsii. In face view the sides of the semi- :Dme subretuse (fig. 9), with somewhat truncate apices. ring from var. rglfsii in their smaller dimensions. Plant iidd (63) for collection locality 31, as var. gepressum is r. Moderately common. Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 29-(H.L.1): 31-(Kidd*): 39-(Mt63- 1.: B3-(Mt63-204); 86-(Mt63-188); 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: fmt63-137): 12-(Mt63-67); 13-(Mt63-73); 14-(Mt63-76): 15-(mt igum ggyacanthum Arch. var. pplyaccanthum Nordst. Ofv. K. irh., 42(3): p. 11, t. 7,fig. 9. 1885. P1. 99 fig. 2. : TL. 28.0-30.0p: TB. 34.0-40.0p: BI. 9.0p. .milar to that illustrated by Croasdale (pl. 8, figs. 8-10, evon Island. The plant is small for the variety and the pro- norter. : Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-449). ngm,pachyrhynchum Nordst., Ofvers. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Forh., t. 8, fig. 34. 1875.var. pachyrhynoggm, 1P1. 69 figs. 2,5. : TL. 32.0-34.5p: TB. 31.0-32.Qp: BI. 8.0-9.5p. D0168 was a moderately common desmid though never collected IDCB. The typical form is only known from Glacier National collected in tri- and quadrate facies (listed below separately). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-19,23). 302 Staurastrum pachyrhynchum Nordst. var. pachyrhynchum (quadrate facies) pl. 69 fig. 8e Measurements: TL. 40.0-46.0 ; TB. 33.0-46.0 : BI. 21.0-22.0 . Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-443,445). Staurastrum pgchyrhynchum Nordst. var. convergens Racib., Pamietnik Wydz. 3 Akad. Umiej. w. Krakowie. Tom., 17: p.98, t.7, fig. 14. 1889. P1. 69 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 33.0-34.0 3 TB. 32.0-33.0 3 BI. 9.0-9.5 . In the Montana material there is considerable intergradation between this variety and the typical form of the species. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(86); 86-(Mt63-188). Staurastrum Egcgyrhynchum Nordst. fa. (egg. clegszdra Nordst.?) P1. 69 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 32.0-36.0 3 TB. 34.5-40.0 ; BI. 8.0-11.0 . Plants similar to the one described by Thomasson (52) as a forma of g5, pgchyrhynchgm, and also to that described by Borge (03) under the same name. Borge (18) later transferred his plant to g2. clegsydra. The triangular shape of the semicells, as seen in face view, flattened apex, deep sinus, and narrow isthmus indicate that the plant should be placed with g2, clegsydra. However, the Montana plants clearly have thickened angles which is characteristic of g5, pachyrhynchum so that they have been entered under that species name. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204); 95- (Mt62-58). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-191,192). Staurastrum garadoxum Meyen. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 138, t. 10 fig. 8. 1848. var. garadoxum Pl. 108 figs. 3,4. 303 Measurements: TL. 37.0-43.0p; TB. 39.0-62.0p; BI. 5.5-7.5p: LSP. 21.0- 26.0p. Triradiate and quadriradiate specimens were present in the collec- tions but the triradiate are the most common. The plants are quite small, thus more closely fitting the dimensions given by Ralfs (48). The plant reported as this species by Kidd(63) for collection local- ity 56, was included with.gg. gracile. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l35-(Mt63-330). Ravalli Co.: 122-(mt53- 297). Sweetgrass Co.: l7l-(Mt64-99). Staurastrum pinque Teil., Bot. Notiser, p. 66, figs. 3,4,5. 1942. var. 212223 _ P1. 108 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 36.0-50.0p: TB. 47.0-55.0p; BI. 6.0-7.0p: LSP. 23.0- 26.0w. This species had a wide distribution, being known from the north- west, south-central and northeastern parts of the state. Moderately rare. Distribution: Daniels Co.: 187-(Mt64-6). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-l44): 17-(Mt63-116); 20-(Mt63-90,92). Missoula Co.: 101-(Mt64-70). Ravalli Co.: 120-(Mt63-312). Sweetgrass Co.: 171-(Mt64-99). .Valley Co.: 184- (Mt64-15). Staurastrum gingue Teil. var. tridentata Nygaard., Kgl. danske Vidensk. Selskab., Biol. Skr., 7(1): p. 101, figs. 53 a-f. 1949. 91. 133 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 52.0-61.qp: TB. 70.0-79.Qp: BI. 5.5-6.0p: LSP. 28.0- 29.5p. This variety was found only at one locality. It occurred along 304 with the typical form. The shape of the semicells is reminiscent of some of the plants entered as §§. longiges. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 20-(Mt63-90). Staurastrum ginnatum var. subginnatum (Schmidle) West 4 West, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot., 6. p. 132, pl. 21, fig. 33. 1902. P1. 101 figs. 12,13. Measurements: TL. 23.5-29.0p: T8. 30.0-37.0p: BI. 10.0-11.5p. Under this variety are included two forms which occur together, and for which dichotypical specimens exist. The plants illustrated in figs. 12 and 13 represent the typical form of the variety. The form in figs. 10 and 11 lack the emarginate verrucae (secondary processes) and are reminiscent of the plant identified as g;, subpolymorghum Borge by. Thomasson (Figs. 20 a and 20b, 1960). Thomasson does not indicate a basal ring of granules, nor is the apical ornamentation in his plant exactly the same as that in the Montana plants. Very rare. Distribution: RaValli Co.: 114-(Mt63-256): 115-(Mt63-265,270). Staurastrum pinnatum Turn. var. subginnatum fa. (=§t, subgolymorghum Borge?) Pl. 101 figs. 10,11. Measurements: TL. 24.0-29.0P: TB. 30.0-42.Qp: BI. 10.0-12.Qp. Ouadriradiate forms of this plant were also encountered. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-265,270). Staurastrum ginnatum Turn. var. turbinatum var. nov. pl. 101 fig. 14. Measurements: TL. 27.0-30.Qp3 TB. 37.0-40.Qp3 BI. 8.5-9.8p. Semicells in face view turbinate, apex convex and undulate: ventral 305 margins slightly retuse: processes 5, subparallel to somewhat upwardly curved: apical ornamentation consisting of 35 granules in two rings, the upper containing 15, the lower 20, and arranged so that there are groups of 4 granules between processes and 3 granules above the processes: processes flanked on either side by short emarginate projections (secon- dary processes). This plant is distinguished from the type by the ele- vated apex, slightly retuse ventral margins and nature and arrangement of granules.) Very rare. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 5-(Mt63-l37). Staurastrum planctonicum Teil. var. ornatum (Grdnbl.) Teil, Svensk. Bot. Tidskrift, p. 227, fig. 15.1947. P1. 95 figs. 9, 10. Measurements: TL. 68.0-128.Qp: TB. 96.0-112.Qp; BI. 11.0-12.5p: LSP. 46.5- 51.Qp. . Cells lacking the supra-isthmal row of granules characteristic of this variety. Similar to Hirano's illustration (pl. 45, fig. 2, 1959) of the variety under the namelgg. dorsidentiferum var. ornatum Grdnblad. Teiling (4?) considers this desmid as representing an intermediate evolutionary stage in the reduction of the ornamentation leading to the planktic end stage (i.e., g5, planctonicum), as he does g5. sebaldi var. ognatum f. glanctonicg (in this text I §;. manfeldtii var. Qlanctonicum.) Very rare. Known from only two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon44). Powell Co.: 106-(Mt64-74). Staurastrum glanctonicum Teil. fa. (egg, longiradiatum sensu Smith, Bull. Wis. Gaol. Nat. Hist. Surv., 57: p. 90, pl. 74, figs. 5-11. 1924.) P1. 96 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 47.0-102.9u: TB. 78.0-128.Qp: BI. 9.0-11.Qp: LSP. 40.0- 53.94. 306 I have entered these plants here following the suggestion by Florin (57), although with some reservations, for I am not completely convinced that it belongs to the g5, planctonicum group. The plants exhibited a considerable degree of variation in the length of the processes, and in the presence and development of ornamen- tation on the corpus. These plants are identical to those identified as g3, lonqiradiatum by Smith (22). Smith based his determination upon a comparison of his material from Wisconsin, with that from Yen Yean (Australia) from the G.S. West collection. I believe Smith did indeed identify his plant correctly with the plant from Australia, but I also think that the plant identified by the Nests from Van Yean is not their previously described g5, lonqiradiatum. Staurastrum longiradiatum does occur in Montana, and the plant is similar to the original illustration, and the plant entered here is not identical to it, nor intergrades with it. This was a common desmid and widely distributed. Distribution: Chateau Co.: 156-(Mt64-46,47). Deer Lodge Co.: 129-(Mt63- 333). Fergus Co.: 162-(Mt64-28). Flathead Co.: 30-(Kidd*). Garfield Co.: 191-(Mt64-27). Lake Co.: 93-(Schindler*). Madison Co.: l39-(Mt63-371). McCone Co.: 192-(Mt64-21). Missoula Co.: 103-(Mt63-234). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-192): 77-(Mt63-194). Teton Co.: 68-(Mt64-51). Valley Co.: 133- (Mt64-ll): 184-(Mt64-15): 185-(Mt64-17). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for collection locality 93, under the name g3, longiradiatum. Staurastrum golonicum Racib., Spraw. Kom. fizyjogr. Akad. Umiej., 19: p. 17, t. 1, fig. 10.1884. var. golonicum P1, 86 figs. 2,3,5. measurements: TL. 42.0-44.qp: T3. 23.3-3D.5u: 31. 15.5-16.su. 307 This was a rare species. Known only from collections taken west of the continental divide. The typical form was most abundantly seen. The number of angles per semicell varied from 5-8. Distribution: Granite Co.: 126-(6mon42); 127-(6mon38), Staurastrum golonicum Racib. var. coronulatum Pres., Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, 21: p. 140, pl. 15, figs. 11-15. 1936.(=Euastridium verrucosum Carter) P1. 86 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 48.0-50.Qp; TB. 37.0-38.5p; BI. 16.5p. Very rare. Known from a single locality, a high-altitude lake (7333 feet) in the northwest. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-332). Staurastrum polymorphum Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 135, t. 22, fig. 9, te34, fig. 6. 1848.var. gloymorghum P1. 104 figs. 6,7,8,9,10,11. Measurements: TL. 21.0-30.0p; TB. 26.0-46.0p; BI. 5.5-9.0p. This variable species was of common occurrence in western Montana. The number of processes per semicell ranged from 3 to 5 and numerous speci- mens were seen in which the number present on one semicell differed from what was present on the other semicell. The length of the process is also quite variable as is the development of granules and even verrucae. The desmid in fig. 7 is a form with greatly developed, apical emarginate verrucae. Such plants intergrade completely with the typical form. Common. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l33-(Mt63-318). Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4); 25-(Mt63-409); 27-(Mon25 , Mt63-450); 28-(Mt63-500); 29-(H.L.1): 39-(Mt63- 73,79).- Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-24,ll). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). 308 Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); 34-(x8): 92-(Mt63-40): 95-(mt62-56): 96-(Mt63- 44): 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-l4l): 10-(Mt63-157,158): ll- (Mt63-124): 15-(Mt62-28); 17-(mt63-ll7): 19-(Mt63-lll): 23-(mt63-9l): 21-(Mt63-101). Madison Co.: 137-(Mt63-377). Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64— 72). Ravalli Co.: ll9-(Mt63-301). Sanders Co.: 70-(Mt63-l6l): 74-(Mt63- 171): 76-(Mt63-176). Staurastrum gloytrichum (Party) Rabenh., Flor. EurOp. Alg.p. 218. 1868.var. Qloxgrichum P1. 74 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 58.0-68.0p; TB. 58.0-71.0p; BI. 18.0-20.0p; LSS. 51.0- 64.0P; BSS. 48.0-62.0p. This species was of moderately common occurrence. It was only encountered in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4); 29-(H.L.1): 41-(Mt63-59); 42- (Mon16). Ravalli Co.: 112-(Mt63-260). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-176): 77- (Mt63-194), Stgurggtrum golygrichum (Party) Rabenh. var. golytrichum morpha P1. 74 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 67.0-68.0p; TB. 72.0p: BI. 21.0p: LSS.64.0p: BSS. 59.0p. Plant differing from the type in possessing broader spines. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4), Staurastrum golytrichum (Party) Rabenh. var. golytrichum morpha P1. 74 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 72.0p: TB. 6B.Qu: BI. 20.0p: LSS. 67.0p: BSS. 59.0p. Plant differing from the type in having the semicells rhomboid and with a greater number of spines. Distribution: Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l76). 309 Staurastrum golytrichum (Party) Rabenh. f. biseriatum Kaiser, Kryptog. Forsch. 1(7): p. 441 fig. 47. 1924. P1. 74 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 53.0-67.0P: TB. 57.0-72.0p; BI. 18.0-20.0p: LSS. 51.0- 58.9p: BSS. 45.0-53.9p. Moderately rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63-78). Glacier Co.: 63-(Mt63-218). Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154): 20-(Mt63-94). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-270). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-l70). Staurastrum proboscidium (Breb.) Arch. The plants entered here are separated into three major groups which can be identified with the following taxa: g¢g_proboscidium, §§, borgeanum, and g5, aculeatum var. ornatum. Because of the consideratle degree of overlapping which exists among the characteristics distinguishing these taxa, I thought it best to enter them together under the same species name. As a group, this was a moderately common desmid in Montana. Staurastrum proboscidium (Breb.) Arch. in Pritch. Infus., p. 742. lB6l.var. groboscidium Pl. 102 fig. 1 Measurements: TL. 36.0-41.0p; TB. 37.0-42.5p: BI. 11.0-14.Qp. This plant was of moderately rare occurrence. Known from the northern and southern montane regions and from the northeast. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 132-(Mt63-185). Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63- 411): 25-(Mt63-407): 27-(Mt63-451). Granite Co.: 128-(Mt63-386). Sheridan Co.: 188-(Mt63-16,17,21). Silverbow Co.: l36-(Mt63-379). 310 Staurastrum grohoscidium (Breb.) Arch. var. prohoscidium morpha Pl. 102 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 49.0p; TB. 47.0p; BI. 15.0p. Differing from the type in larger size and greater development of apical verrucae. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l32-(Mt63-185). gtaurastrum groboscidium (Breb.) Arch. (egg. borgeanum Schm., Bih. K. Sven. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 24 afd. III. no. 8: p. 60, t. 3, fig. 7. 1393). P1. 102 figs. 2,5. Measurements: TL. 32.0-36.0p; TB. 43.5-46.5p: BI. 12.0-14.0p. Thomasson (57) has done an excellent Job of discussing the variability of this plant under the name g3, boroeanum especially with regard to the development (extension) of the processes. The Montana plants also showed comparable variability. The short-armed forms intergrade considerably into gt, groboscidium so that I do not believe the two Species can be adequately separated. Since gg, proboscidium is the older name the plants have been included under this species. Rare. Known only from the north- west. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-400). Lincoln Co.: 13-(Mt63-73). Sanders Co.: 78-(Mt63-181). Staurastrum groboscidium (Breb.) Arch. (egg. aculeatum var. ornatum Nordst., Ofv. K. Vet-Akad. F6rhand1., 6: p. 43 13727) P1. 102 fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 34.0-38.0p: TB. 34.0-44.Qu: BI. 12.0-15.5p. Similar to plants entered by Croasdale (57,65) from Alaska, and from Devon Island (Canada) under the name of gg, aculeatum var. ornatum. She 311 also indicates under her discussion of g;, aculeatum var. ornatum f. §jmglex Boldt, that another possible identification of her plant (f. simglex) is as a form of £3. boroeanum. With this I would agree com- pletely. The variability in development of ornamentation, present in the Montana specimens clearly indicates this plant's closer affinity to _§, borgeanum. Consequently, it is placed here in this text. Moderately rare. Known only from western Montana. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-445); 31-(4181). Glacier Co.: 54- (Mt62-1l,13,2Mon8). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-80). Staurastrum sp. 2 (=§g. pseudopachyrhynchum Wolle?) P1. 67 figs. 3,4.5. Measurements: TL. 24.5-28.0p; TB. 21.0-27.0p; BI. 5.0-7.0”. Cells small, longer than broad with or without a small papilla (or spine) on the usually angular corners: isthmus elongate: sinus angular. Semicells angular (fig. 3) more rarely elliptical. Apical view triangular, sides concave, angles broadly rounded and with or without a short papilla or spine. In face view most resembling gg, pseudopachyrhgjhum but differing from that species in usually possessing the short papillae at the corners. This characteristic may not be sufficient to exclude the plant fromugt. gseudogachyrhxnchum, especially after reading Teiling's (67) treatment of the genus Staurodesmus. Moderately rare. Known only from the north- west. The plant reported by Schindler (54) as g;. mucronatum from col- lection locality 91, is included here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon5): 29(H.L.l). Lake Co.: 91-(Schin- d1er*): 95-(Mt62-60). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-135): 5-(Mt63-137): 19-(Mt63- 113,112). 312 Staurastrum pseudotetracerum (Nordst.) West & West, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,(2): p.79, t. 8, fig. 39. 1895. P1. 97 figs. 10,11,12. Measurements: TL. 18.5-30.0p; TB. 24.0-35.0u; BI. 5.0p: LSP. 16.0-21.0p: BSP. 9.0-11.Qp: LP. 8.5-14.5p. The Montana plants most resemble Bohlin's illustration (t.1, fig. 16.1901) of the species. There was some variation in the length of the processes, and short-armed forms occurred along with longer-armed forms. Plants with the longest processes are reminiscent of g;. garadoxum var. gggggm West. However, the body measurements of the Montana specimens are larger than in West's taxon. Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 37-(Mt63-82). Lincoln Co.: 12-(Mt63-70): l3-(Mt63-75); 17-(Mt63-117). Staurastrum punctulatum Bréb. This was a common species occurring in the western montane and in the central and south-central piedmont regions. It was encountered in both lentic and lotic environments at altitudes ranging from 2100 to 7000 feet. In addition to the typical form, a variety was also identi- fied. Two distinctive, but unnamed forms were also encountered and they are listed separately below. Staurastrum punctulatum Bréb. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 133, t. 22, fig. 1. 1848.ver. punctulgtum P1. 87 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 26.0-47.0p: TB. 25.5-43.0p; BI. 9.0-17.0p. The typical form of the species was the most frequently collected. Common. Known from western Montana and the central and south-central parts of the state. 313 Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 131-(Mt63-184); 132-(Mt63-185); 135-(Mt63— 333). Carbon Co.: 17B-(Mt64-109). Cascadi Co.: 159-(Mt64-87,88,89). Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4): 24-(Mt63-411): 25-(Mt63-407,410); 41-(Mt63-57). Lake Co.: 85-(Mt63—47): 98-(Mt63-62). Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-4). Ravalli Co.: 120-(Mt63-308): 121-(Mt63-288,289); 123-(Mt63-286). Sanders Co.: 7D-(mt63-161): 73-(Mt63-169): 7B-(Mt63-181); 79-(Mt63-l79). The species was previously reported for the Glacier National Park region by Vinyard (51) but no illustration was given. Staurastrum punctulatum var. kjellmanii Willa, 0fvers. K. Vet. Akad. Fbrh. No. 5: p. 50, t. 13, figs. 50-53. 1879. P1. 87 figs. 9,10. Measurements: TL. 38.5-47.5P: TB. 31.0-36.5p; BI. 16.0-19.0p. Very rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,443).‘ Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-208), Staurastrum punctulatum Bréb. fa. P1. 7,8 fig.5 & P1. 88 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 36.5-42.0p: TB. 37.0-42.0p; BI. 13.0-15.0p. Plants differing from the typical form in having more produced angles. Rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 132-(Mt63-185). Powell Co.: 107-(Mt64- 79). RaValli Co.: 119-(Mt63-301). Staurastrum gunctulatum Bréb. fa. 1 P1. 87 figs. 4,6,7,8. Measurements: TL. 35.0-44.0p: TB. 30.5-42.0P: BI. 13.5-17.0p. Cells differing from the typical form in the more angular form of the semicell, and in apical view in having the margins commonly straight, as opposed to distinctly convex. . . l1li 111.11 314 Distribution: flathaad CO.: 24-(Mt63-411); 25-(Mt63-410). Glacier CO.: 55-(Mon28). Lake Co.: 85-(Mt63-47). Ravalli Co.: 121-(Mt63-288); 123- (Mt63-286), gtaurastrum_pygmaeum Bréb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 213, t. 35. fig. 26. 1848. var. Eygmaeum f. pygmaeum P1. 88 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 24.0-35.0p: T8. 20.0-30.0p; BI. 8.0-14.5p. This species was of moderately common occurrence. Known from western, north-central, south-central and northeastern parts of the state. This species is considered a variety of‘gg. punctulatum by West and West (12). As here distinguished, the angles of these plants are more acute than those present in £23 Eunctulatum. Distribution: Beaverhead CO.: 134-(Mt63-322). Blaine Co.: 152-(Mt63- 32). Carbon Co.: l78-(Mt64-109). Flathead Co.: 23-(mt33-442,444,447, 449). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-213). Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-151); 9-(mt63-154); l3-(Mt63-73): 15-(Mt62-26). Missoula Co.: lOO-(Mt63-420). Ravalli Co.: ll4-(Mt63-256). Sheridan Co.: 188-(Mt63- 16). Silverbow Co.: 136-(Mt63-379). Staurastrum Eygmaeum Bréb. var. Bygmaeum f. 22125 Wills, Ofvere. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. F6rh., No. 5: p. 51, t. 13, fig. 54. 1875. Pl. 88 figs. 9, 10. Measurements: TL. 37.0-40.9p: TB. 33.0-39.9u: BI. 15.0-19.9p. Rare. Known from both the northern and scuthern montane regions. Collected in the letter at high altitudes (3133 and 7333 feet). Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 132-(mt63-185); 134-(Mt63-324). Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63-411). 315 Staurastrum Btprnsporus Lund., Nova Acta Req. Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3, vol. 8: p. 60, t. 3, fig. 29. 1871. P1. 62 fig. 18. Measurements: TL. 15.0-16.9u; T8. 17.0-20.93; BI. 6.5-7.WJ; 885. 15.5- 17.0p. This plant is entered here with some reservation since it may be a triradiate facies of an Arthrodesmus (see at tortus fa.), and because no zygospore was seen. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.1). Staurastrum guadraggulare Breb. var. armatum West & West, Trans. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot., 5: p. 257, pl. 16, fig. 18. 1896. P1. 80 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 22.0-24.0p; TB. 23.0-28.0p; 31. 10.0p. Very rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-14). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-60). Staurastrum rugosum Irénée-Marie This was a most variable species and numerous forms which differ in some way from the type were encountered. Many transitional plants were also collected. Only one variety (excluding the typical form) has been named below, the remainder being entered as morphae. This was a common desmid, but the plant which is closest to type was the very rarest found. Staurastrum rugosum Irénée-Marie, Flore Desmidiale de la Region do Montreal-Laprairie, Canada: p.311, pl. 59, figs. 4,5. 1939. var. rugosum. P1. 92 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 32.0-34,Qp; TB. 43.0-45.0p; BI. 13.0-14.0p; BSP. 36.0- 37.34. 316 Complete intergradation existed between the typical form of this species and the plants entered below as morphae of the type, and those entered as var. coronulatum. As described by Irdnée-Marie, very rarely seen in the collection. In apical view the plants never have the verru- cae in as circular a pattern as indicated in fig. 5 of the original illus- trations. Very rare. Known from a single locality in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64). Staurastrum rugosum Irénée-Marie var. ruoosum morpha (1) P1. 92 figs. 4,8,9,10. Measurements: TL. 26.0-37.0p; TB. 34.0-53.0u; BI. 9.5-14.0p; BSP. 33.5- 38.0p. Plants differing from the type in having bifurcate processes as op- posed to trifurcate processes, and in lacking the characteristic apical emarginate verrucae (only granules present). The processes are quite variable in length and in some specimens completely wanting. This was the most frequently collected and abundant form of the species. Moder- ately common. The plant questionably entered by Kidd (63) as g3. avicula for collection localities 56 and 63 are included here. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63-411); 36-(Mt63-396); 47-(Mt63-413); Gallatin Co.: 140-(Mt64-129). Glacier Co.: 56-(Kidd*); 63-(Kidd*). Judith Basin Co.: 161-(Mt64-94). Lake Co.: B7-(Mt64-64); 92-(Mt63-38). Lincoln Co.: 4-(Mt63-129); 20-(Mt63-94); 21-(Mt63-99). Staurastrum rUQosum Irénée-Marie var. rugosum morpha (2) P1. 92 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 35.0p: TB. 44.9w; BI. 9.5p: BSS. 37.0-40.0u. Plant differing from the type in its greatly reduced processes (now spines), less convex dorsal margin and lack of apical verrucae. 317 Reminiscent of.§t. avicula. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 24-(mt63-411). Staurastrum rugosum Irénée-Marie var. coronulatum (Wade) Jackson comb. nova. (=§£, avicula var. coronulatum Wade, Revue Algologique, No.4: p. 263, pl. 2, fig. 7.1957) P1. 92 figs. 2,3.6. Measurements: TL. 29.0-34.Qp; TB. 35.0-44.Qp; BI. B.O-10.Bp; 858. 33.5- 3S.Qp. In his original description made (57) stated that his plant should be compared with gg, ruoosum. He indicated that it differs from Irénée- Marie's plant in possessing two spines at the angles (as Opposed to trie furcate processes (epines)) and in addition, in apical view, his variety has two linear series of four verrucae each within the lateral margin (it, rugosum has verrucae in a circular pattern). From the degree of variability which exists in the Montana material regarding these charac- teristics, I do not believe one can adequately separate Wade's plant from g;, rugosum. Consequently, it has been transferred here. At col- lection locality 87, the two taxa occur tagether and transitional forms exist. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: B7-(Mt64-64). Staurastrum rugosum Irénée-Marie fa. P1. 92 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 32.Qp: TB. 35.§p: BI. 9.Qp: BSS. 33.5-34.Qp. Differing from the type in possessing a more elevated dorsal margin in face view; lacking trifurcate processes (spines) and instead having two small spines at the angles: and in apical view having verrucae (five in a row) in linear series forming a triangular pattern. Very rare. 318 Known from a single collection locality west of the continental divide. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 20-(Mt63-94). Staurastrum sebaldi Reinsch, Acta Societ. Senckenb. vol. 6, p. 133, t. 24 D, figs. 1-3, 1867.var. sebaldi P1 94 figs. 10,11,13. Measurements: TL. 7S.U-77.Dp; TB. 73.0-110.Qp; BI. 20.0-29.Qp. In some of the Montana material studied there was so much inter- gradation between the typical form and var. ornatum Nordst., that it was difficult to distinguish one from the other. Consequently, one might question the soundness of considering var. ornatum a distinct variety. The presence of granules or other ornamentation on the corpus is quite variable ranging from forms almost devoid of them (fig. 13) to forms similar to Reinsch's original illustration. Rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon49). Lake Co.: BG-(Mt62-79,80, Sieminska*). Lincoln Co.: B-(Mt63-152). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum sebaldi Reinsch. var. ornatum Nordst., Acta Univ. Lund. vol. 9, p. 34, t. 1, fig. 15. 1873. P1. 94 figs. 8,9,12. Measurements: TL. 83.0-94.Qp; TB. 109.0-126.Qp: BI. 21.0-23.Qu. The Montana specimens observed never quite attained the breadth of Nordstedt's plant. As indicated above, they intergrade completely with plants considered the typical form. Rare. Encountered only in the north- west. See discussion under g5, manfeldtii. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 64-(Mt61-2). Granite Co.: 125-(6mon49). Lake Co.: Bl-(Mt63-206); 86-(Mt62-79, Sieminska‘). 319 Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum senarium (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 216. 1848. P1. 80 figs. 11,12,13. Measurements: TL. 36.0-43.Qp: TB. 28.8-41.8p: BI. 8.0-10.§p; LSP. 27.0- 32.8p; BSP. 24.0-28.8p. Figure 12 illustrates a form in which the accessory processes, which usually flank the processes at the angles, have been replaced by simple spines. Rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-445). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-209), Missoula Co.: lOO-(Mt63-419), Staurastrum setieerum Cleve f. alaskanum Croasd., Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 76 (2): p. 148, fig. 86. 1957. P1. 76 figs. 6,7,8. Measurements: TL. 42.0-49.8p; TB. 50.0-59.8p; BI. 12.0-14.8p; LSS. (34.0) 36.8-39.8p; BSS. 36.0-48.8p. g5, setigerum f. alaskanum was of moderately common occurrence. As indicated by Croasdale (57) this form approaches var. pectinatum West & West, especially the smaller specimens. It is larger than var. pectinantum. and without spines, it is equal to or broader than long, as Opposed to being longer than broad. In the Montana material the spines vary in num- ber and size while the outline of the plant is fairly constant. Transi- tional forms exist between this taxon and var. occidentale West & West on one side, and with the plants entered in the text as gt. subteliferum Roy & Bisset. There is also some indication that the plant may be closely related to §§, teliferum Ralfs. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-393). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-205): 320 87-(Mt64-64); 94-(7Mon15); 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-14l); 4-(Mt63-129): lZ-(Mt63-67); lS-(Mt62-26,28); 21-(Mt63-97). Staurastrum setioerum Cleve var. occidentale West & west, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. sec. ser. Bot., vol. 5 (5): p. 260, t. 16, fig. 27. 1896. P1. 76 figs. 9,10,11. Measurements: TL. 39.0-50.8p; TB. 56.05-65.0p; BI. 10.0-13.Qp; LSS. 34.0- 48.8p: BSS. 37.0-47.8u. The smaller forms of this variety intergrade with gt, satigerum f. alaskanum. Moderately rare. Encountered only west of the continental divide. Distribution: flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l); 37-(Mt63-82). Lake Co.: 87- (mtoa-oa): 95-(Mt62-68); 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 12-(Mt63-71): 19- (Mt63-lll). Missoula Co.: lBl-(Mt64-7D). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-160). Staurastrum sexcostatum_8réb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 129, t. 23, fig. 5. 1848 var. sexcostatum Pl. 102 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 38.5-42.8p; T8. 33.0-40.8p; BI. 15.0-16.9”. Very rare. The typical form is only known from two high altitude (6800 and 7000 feet) bogs in the northwest. Distribution: Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon38). Missoula Co.: 180-(Mt63-419, 420). §taurastrum sexcostatum Breb. var. productum West, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., p. 733, t. 9, fig. 34. 1892. P1. 102 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 37.0-40.Qp: TB. 39.0-40.5p; BI. l4.Qp. Cells intergrading into the type. Quadriradiate form also found at 321 collection locality 28. Very rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l3B-(Mt63-332). Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63- 447). Staurastrum sexcostatum Bréb. fa. Pl. 102 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 40.0-42.9p; TB. 40.0-43.9p; BI. l4,§p. Plant differing from the type in having more produced angles and lacking apical verrucae. In apical view cells possessing 30 granules (ten groups of 3 granules in a ring). Very rare. Known from a single locality, a swamp, in the northwest. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154), Staurastrum smithii (Smith) Teil. fac. triradiatum Florin. Acta Phytogeogr.Suec. 37, p. 133, fig. 29: 2-4. 1957. P1. 108 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 52.0-62.Qp; TB. S7.D-76.Qp; BI. 5.0-6.8p; LSP. 19-22.Up; BSP. 8.D-lD.Bp: LP. 33.0-38.Qp. Plants similar to those illustrated by Thomasson (Figs. 31-33, 1960). As he did,I have placed my plants with gt. smithii, following the inter- pretation given by Florin (57). Rare. Known from western and central Montana. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 32-(Mt63-217). Liberty Co.: 149-(Mt64-58). Lincoln Co.: 21-(Mt63-97). wheatland Co.: l64-(Mt63-465). Staurastrum sponqigsum Breb. This was a moderately rare species. Encountered in both the northern and southern montane. In addition to the typical form one variety and a reduced form which appears to be identical to 5;, mgnticulnsum var. 322 grosnlandicum Crbnbl. f. hastatum (LUtkem.) Cronb1., were also found. Staurastrum spongiosum Bréb. in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 141, t. 23, fig. 4.1848 var. spongiosum P1. 93 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 44.0-68.8p; TB. 40.0-57.8p; BI. 11.0-17.5p. The typical form was collected in the northern and southern montane regions but was of rare occurrence. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l32-(Mt63-185). Flathead Co.: 24-(Mt63- 411): 25-(Mt63-407,410), Staurastrum sggggiosum Bréb. var. perbifidum west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 29: p. 175, t. 23, fig. 3. 1892. P1. 93 figs. 4,8. Measurements: TL. 42.0-62.8p; T8. 36.0-48.8p; BI. 10.5-15.gp. Most frequently collected form of the species. Variety integrading into the plant listed below, which is identified as §t, monticulosum var. groenlandicum f. hastatum. Rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-500). Glacier Co.: 54-(2Mon9). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); 86-(Mt62-73, 79). Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-152). Staurastrum sponqiosum Bréb. fa. (egg, monticulosum Breb. var. groanlandicumcrdnbl. f. hastata (LUtkem.) Crfinbl., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47, 4: p. 78, t. 1, figs. 17-18,1920) P1. 93 figs. 3,5,6. Measurements: TL. 38.0-47.8p: T8. 33.0-47.8p; BI. 12.0-15.9p: LSP. 33.0- 37.gp: esp. 30.0-37.qp. Schmidle (95) published two figs. (pl. 17 figs. 6,7) of a plant 323 which he identified as ét,megalonatum Nordst. f. hastata Lutksmuller. The Montana specimens entered here are believed to be similar to Schmidle's plant. Gronblad (20) later transferred LUtkemuller's plant to st, 292;;- culosum as a forms of var. groenlandicum. west, west and Carter (23) listed Schmidle's plant in synonymy with gt, sponqiosum. The Montana material studied, from collection locality 28, indicates that this plant should be considered as belonging to st, spoggiosum. Figure 4represents what is regarded here as a small form of var. perbifidum, the lower semicell, with the exception of size, being similar to that illustrated in fig. 8. The upper semicell differs in the nature of the apical processes. Transitional forms exist between this small form (fig. 4) and the plant illustrated in fig.£L It is this plant (figs. 5 and 6) which I consider to be Schmidle's. Figure 6 is the apical view of another plant from the same population. Figure 3 illustrates continued reduction of processes and spines, accompanied by changes in the shape of the semicells. The upper semicell in fig. 3 exhibits a form reminiscent of st. monticulosum. I believe the similarity between this latter named taxon and the plant listed here is superficial. Very rare. Known only from two localities in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-443). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon41). Staurastrum striolatum (Nag.) Arch., in Pritch. Infus. p. 740. 1861. P1. 89 figs. l,2,3,4,5. Measurements: TL. 20.0-22.8p: T8. 18.8-23.8p: BI. 6.0-7.6p. Extension of the angles variable in the Montana material. At times very slightly produced as in fig. 1, at other times well deve10ped as in figs. 4 and 5. Encountered primarily in the northwest but also known from the northeast. Moderately rare. 324 Distribution: Daniels Co.: l87-(Mt64-7). Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 31- (4181). Granite Co.: 126-(6Mon42): 127-(6Mon41). Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64- 54). Lincoln Co.: 10-(Mt63-157). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-266). Staurastrum subevicula West & West, Journ. Roy, Micr. Soc., p. 12. 1894. P1. 91 figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 23.0-34.0p: T8. 28.0-39.0p: BI. 8.5-10.5 3 LSP. 23.0- 29.qp. Like the Labrador specimens reported by Croasdale (64), some of the Montana specimens had extra spines at the angles and/or lacked the accessory apical, bifurcate processes characteristic of the species. Rare. Known from both the northern and southern montane regions. In the south collected from a high altitude lake (7000 feet) and in the north occurring at lower elevations (4000-4200 feet). Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 134-(Mt63-324). Flathead Co.: 31-(4181). 39-(Mt63-78,79). Staurastrum subcruciatum Cooke & wills. in Cooke, Brit. Desmid., p. 143, t. 51, fig. 3 1337. pl. 91 figs. 9,10. Measurements: TL. 30.0-38.0p: T8. 32.0-43.5p: BI. 8.0-ll.5p. Rare. Encountered in both the northern and southern montane regions. In the north at low elevations (2600-3800 feet): in the south at a higher elevation (7000 feet). A _ Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-333). Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon51). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-171): 76-(Mt63-l9l,192). 325 Staurgstrum ggbmgnfeidtii West, Trans. Linn. Soc. sec. ser. Bot. vol. 6: p. 188, t. 22, fig. 16. l902. P1. 96 figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 40.0-46.0p; TB. 6l.0-86.0p; BI. 11.0-12.5p. Rare. Known only from the northwest. It may be that §§, Johnsonii is a biradiate facies of this species. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 36-(Mt63-393). Lake Co.: 80-(4Mon52): 83-(Mt 63- 235). Lincoln Co.: 10-(Mt63-157); 17-(Mt63-116). Staurastrum subgygmeeum west, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. vol. 29: p. 178 t. 23, fig. 3. 1392. This species was reported by Vinyard (51) for the Glacier National Park region but he gives no illustration. Staurastrum subteliferum Roy & Biss., Journ. Bot.,24: p. 238, fig. 1. 1886. P1. 76 figs. 1,2,3. Measurements: TL. 43.0-46.0p: TB. 47.5-52.0p; BI. 11.5-14.5p: LSS. 37.0- 39.5p: BSS. 36.5-39.0p. There was some overlapping between characteristics of this species and those of g3, teliferum Ralfs and g3. setggerum f. alaskanum Croasdale. According to the original description this Species differs from g5, 53;}: ,figggm,essentially in possessing spines of two sizes, as well as in the form of the semicells. However, specimens were noted in which all spines were alike (fig. 1) and transitional forms from one extreme to the other occurred. The shape of the semicells, although considerably more constant, varies depending Upon the degree of spine dimorphism, and the number and placement of the spines. Croasdale (57) indicates the similarity between her plant (f. alaskanum 326 and _s_t_. subteliferum. She statesthat f. alaskanum differs from gt, subtelifgrum in its proportions (not longer than broad), larger size and fewer spines. In the Montana specimens the proportions overlap, there is essentially no size difference(the measurements given by Roy and Bisset for.g§. subteliferum. according to my calculations, are for the plant without spines) and the difference in the number ofspines is as noted by Croasdale. Comparing figs. 3,4 and 6, one observes the similarities between these two taxa. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the north- west. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 21-(Mt63-97). taurastrum teliferum Rafls, Brit. Desmid., p. 128, t. 22, fig. 4, t. 34, fig. 14. 1848. var. teliferum - P1. 76 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 44.0-59.0p: T8. 52.0-56.0p; BI. 12.0-13.Qp: LSS. 38.0- 42.Qp: BSS. 38.0-41.6p. Not all specimens seen possessed spines as stout as those illustrated in fig. 5. Plants which had differing numbers of spines per semicell were also noted. At collection locality 21, this species occurred along with _g, §ubteliferum and §§, setigerum f. alaskanum, to which it bears some similarities. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co.: 21-(Mt63-97). Staurastrum tetracerum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. l37,-t. 23, fig. 7. 1848.var. tetracerum f. tetracerum P1. 97 figs. 7,8,13. Measurements: TL. 18.0-35.0p; T8. 21.0-45.0p: BI. 4.0-6.9p: LSP. 8.0-13.Qp. 327 This was a common desmid. Occurring with one exception (central Montana)exclusively in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399); 27-(Mon25, Mt63-450); 29- (H.L.l); 36-(Mt63-396); 37-(Mt63-82). Glacier Co.: 54-(mt62-13,25). Lake Co.: 82-(Mt63-199); 83-(Mt63-204); 86-(mt63-186, Sieminska‘); 87- (Mt64-66); 94-(7Mon15). Lincoln Co.: l-(Ale): 5-(Mt63-137): lS-(Mt62- 28); 20-(Mt63-91). Missoula Co.: lDl-(Mt64-72). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63- 267). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-193). Sweetgrass Co.: l7l-(Mt64-99). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum tetracerum Ralfs. var. tetracerum f. trigona Lund., Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3(8): p. 69. 1871 P1. 97 figs. 6,9. Measurements: TL. 16.0-26.8p; TB. 2A.D-35.Qp; BI. 4.0-6.Qp: LSP. 10.0- 12.6p. Moderately rare. ‘ Distribution: Flathead Co.: 35-(Mt63-391): 36-(Mt63-393); 47-(Mt63-dl3) Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-19). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186, Sieminska*). Lincoln Co.: 19-(Mt63-111):21-(Mt63-103). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-160). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum thunmarkii Teil., Bot. Notiser, Hafte l: p. 82, fig. 19. 1946. P1. 105 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 57.0-60.Qp: TB. 84.0-86.8p; BI. 8.0-8.6p; LSP. 30.0- 32.Qp. Very rare. Known from a single locality, a high altitude (7000 feet) oligotrophic lake in the northwest. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-334). 328 Staurastrum Eggtgm (Lagerh. & Nordst.) west & West, Mongr. Brit. Desmid., vol. 4: p. 161, pl. 125, fig. 9,1912. P1. 71 figs. 3,4.5. Measurements: TL. 17.0-21.5u; TB. 15.5-17331; BI. 10.8p: T. 10-11.5p. Plants identical to figure given by west and west. The plant reported by Sieminska (6S) questionably as this species, for collection locality 86,13 not West & West's plant. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the northwest. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-152). Staurastrum trifidum (Nordst.) var. inflexum West & west, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. sec. ser. Bot., vol. 5: p. 258, pl. 16, fig. 22. 1896. P1. 86 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 28.0-33.8p; TB. 38.0-46.8p; BI. 9.0-13.8p. Moderately rare. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25); 39-(Mt63-77). Glacier Co.: 54- (Mt62-25). Lake Co.: 84-(X8); 86-(Mt63-187, Sieminske*). 88-(Mt634197); BQ-(Mt63-389). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86. Staurastrum trihedrale Wolle, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10: p. 20, pl. 27, fig. 20.1883. P1. 71 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 42.0-44.Qp; TB. 31.0-33.8p: BI. 9.0-10.Qu. Very rare. Known only from a river plankton sample. Distribution: Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-4). §tggrgs§rum tumidum Breb., in Ralfe' Brit. Desmid.,p. 126, t. 21, fig. 6, 1848. P1. 72 fig. 5. 329 Measurements: TL. 111.0-121.0u: TB. 97.0-105.0u; BI. 36.0-56.0u. Very rare. Known only from the Glacier National Park region. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,443,444). Glacier Co.: 54- (2Mon9). Staurastrum turoescens deNot., Desmid. Ital., p. 51, t. 4, fig. 43, 1867. P1. 86 figs. 6,8. Measurements: TL. 31.8-34.8p; TB. 24.5-27.8p; BI. 10.5-12.8u. The plant illustrated in Fig.6, with the angles less produced, Iapproaches var. arcticum Willa. in form. Very rare. Known from a single collection locality in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 41-(Mt63-57, 60). Staurastrum turgescens deNot.,fa. Desm. Ital, p. 51, t. 4, fig. 43, 1867.fa. P1. 86 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 33.0-34.8p; TB. 31.5-32.8u: BI. 12.8p. Plant differing from the type in having the sinus more widely open, granules in regular series and spices flattened. Similar to the forma illustrated by Gronblad (fig. 7, 1947). Very rare. Collected from a river in the northwest. Distribution: Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-5). Staurastrum unicorne Turn., K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 25(5), p. 107, t. 15, fig. 16. 1892. P1. 64 figs. 10,11 & P1. 65 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 21.5-25.8p: T8. 27.0-38.8p: BI. 4.0-4.5p: BSS. 18.0-21.5p: LSe 5.0-12.0,Je 330 This plant is identical to that illustrated by Borge (t. 1, fig. 8, 1989) as g3, mamillatum. Plant differs from the type in apical view by possessing an indentation in the center of the semicell margins. The capitate angles usually bear very long converging and reflexed spines. Plants closest to measurements of St. unicorne var. gracile Iyengar & Vimala. Rare. Known from three localities in the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186); 88-(Mt63-197); 89-(Mt63-389). Staurastrum varians Racib., Pamietnik wydz III Akad. Umiej. w. Krakowie v. 10: p. 86, t. 12, fig. 1. 1885. P1. 88 fig. 8. Measurements: TL. 30.0-33.sp; TB. 32.0-31.qp; BI. 13.6p. Very rare. Collected from a swamp in the northwest. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Staurastrum vestitum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 142, t. 23, fig. 1, 1848. P1. 98 figs. 3,4,5,6 & P1. 99 figs. 4,5. Measurements: TL. 32.0-39.8p: T8. 51.0-73.8p: BI. 7.5-13.8”. This species exhibited considerable variation in the length of the processes, ranging from forms in which they are scarcely produced (entered below separately and illustrated in figs. 1 and 2), to forms in which they attain a considerable length (fig. 6). The pair of furcate spines located in the middle of the lateral margin, the primary diagnostic characteristic of the species. (west, West and Carter, 1922) may be completely wanting, or there may be more than two (fig. 5). Moderately common. EncoUntered in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 29-(H.L.l): 31-(Kidd'). Lake Co.: as-(mras-202,2oa); 34-(x8): 86-(Mt63-186); 95-(Mt62-59). Lincoln Co.: 10- 331 (Mt63-158): lS-(Mt62-27). Missoula Co.: lOl-(Mt64-70). Ravalli Co.: 116-(Mt63-276). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-l7l). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for ponds in the area south of Ronan (See collection locality 93) and by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31. Staurastrum vestitum Ralfs morphae P1. 98 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 30.0-38.8p: TB. 40.0-46.Qu; BI. 11.0-12.5p. Plants differing from the typical form in their greatly reduced processes. The two prominent emarginate or bifurcate spines may or may not be present. Occurring and intergrading with the typical form at both localities. Distribution: Lake Co.: 84-(Mt63-204). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-171). Staurastrum sp. 3 P1. 99 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 22.0-26.8p; TB. 25.0-28.8p; BI. 7.0-7.5p. Not enough material was seen to identify these plants to species with certainty. Consequently, they are entered only to the generic level Collected in the northwest. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 9-(Mt63-154). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-l71). 332 13 UUyChonema_Wa11ich, 1860. This genus is only known from collections west of the continental divide, being represented in our material by two species. With one exception (809 7000 feet), it was gathered from lakes and ponds at or below 4400 feet. (See Map no. 27.) ngchonema filiforme (Ehrenb.) Roy & Bess., Journ. of Bot.,24, p. 242. 1886. P1. 111 figs. 2,3. Measurements: LSP. 10.5-13.5p; TB. 11.5-16.8p; BI. 3.0-4.2p. This was surprisingly common in our collections. . Distribution: Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4); 27-(Mon25); 28-(Mt63-447); 29- (H.L.1). Granite Co.: 127-(6Mon 41). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-210); 83-(Mt63- 204); 84-(86); 87-(Mt64-64). Lincoln Co.: 1-(4184); 4-(Mt63-135); 15- (mrez-27); 21-(Mt63-101). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-266). Dnychonema laeve Nordst. var. micracanthum Nordst., Acta Univ. Lund. 16: p. 3. 1880. P1. 111 fig. 1. Measurements: LSS. 15.5-16.8p; TB. 22.0-23.8p; BI. 4.0-4.5p: 855. 17.5- 19.8p: LS. l.5-2.Qp. 8 Very rare. Only a single filament was found. Distribution: Lake Co.: 87-(Mt64-64), 333 MAP 26 MONTANA LEGEND Staurastrum LEGEND a_ta. anchonemg MAP 2? 334 14. gphaerozosma Corda, 1934. This genus is represented in our collections by six species encom- passing eight varieties, one unnamed forma and one morpha. Only‘g. granulatum Roy & Biss., was encountered with any frequency, the other taxa being rare. With the exception of one locality in the southwest all other re- ports of the genus are from the northwest. It was gathered from a variety of habitats (lakes, pond, bog, river) at varying elevations (2200-7000 feet). (See map No. 28). §ghaerozosma aubertiangm_W. West, Journ. of Bot. 27: p. 206, pl. 291, fig. 17. 1889. var. aubertienum. Pl. 111 fig. 10. Measurements: TL. 19.0-20.8p; TB. 16.5-18.8p; BI. 6.5-8.8u; LSS. 16.0- 17.9u. Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 91-(Schindler*). Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-152). Previously reported by Schindler (54) from collection locality 91. .Sghaerozosma aubertianum var. archeri (Gutw.) West & West, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd eer. Bot. 5: p. 230. 1896. Pl. 111 figs. 13,14. Measurements: TL. 18.0-23.8p: TB. 26.5-30.5p: BI. 7.0-9.Qp: LSS. 16.5- l9.Qp. Rare. More commonly encountered than the typical form and occurring in greater abundance. One of the few taxa of this genus found at high elevations (7000 feet). Distribution: Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon49). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-59). Senders Co.: 76-(Mt63-192). 335 Sphaerozosma excavatum Ralfs This was the only species of this genus identified in collections from both the northern and southern montane regions. Two varieties were present, the typical form being the least encountered. ,Sphaerozosma excavatum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid., p. 67, t. 6, fig. 2. 1848. var. excavatum Pl. 111 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 8.5-9.5p: TB. 8.0-10.8p; BI. 4.5-5.8p. Very rare. Known only from a collection taken from a high altitude bog (6800 feet) west of the continental divide. Distribution: Missoula Co.: lOO-(Mt63-419). gghaerozosma excavatum_Ralfs var. subguadratum West & West, Monogr. Brit. Desmid., vol. 5, p. 212, t. 160, figs. 4,5. 1923. ' P1. 111 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 9.0-11.5p: TB. 11.0-12.5p: BI. 5.0-5.3p. Rare. This variety was collected at low (3600 feet) and high (7000 feet) altitudes. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: lSS-(Mt63-330). Lincoln Co.: lZ-(Mt63-67): lS-(Mt63-73,74,75). gghaerozosma granulatum Roy & Biss., Journ. Bot., 24, p. 242, fig. 17. 1886. var. granulatum Pl. 111 figs. 8,9. Measurements: TL. 6.5-12.8u: TB. 8.0-12.0p: BI. 4.0-5.2”. This was the most frequently collected and abundant species of this genus. Only known from the northwest and chiefly from lakes and ponds 336 at altitudes between 3200-4400 feet. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mt63-450): 28-(Mt63-442); 31-(4182); 37- (Mt63-82); 42-(Mon16). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-ll). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63- 204); 86-(Mt62-75, Sieminska*). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-142); 5-(Mt63-l37): l9-(Mt63o112); 20-(Mt63-93); 21-(Mt63-97). Ravalli Co.: 114-(Mt63-256). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) from collection locality 86. .Sphaerggosma granulatum Roy & Biss., morpha. Measurements: TL. 9.0-12.Qp; TB. 11.5y13.0u: BI. 5.5-7.09. Cells differing from the type in their generally greater breadth and larger isthmus. They somewhat resemble var. trigranulatum Wast & West as illustrated by Gronblad (pl. 3 fig. 124) in 1926, but the Montana plants are larger. ‘Rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l) Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-79); 89-(Mt63- 388). Sanders Co.: 73-(Mt63-169); 76-(Mt63-191). §phaerogpsma punctulatum West & West, Journ. of Bot.,29. p. 353, t. 315, fig. 1,2.1891. Pl. 111 figs. 11,12. Measurements: TL. 13.5-14.5p: T8. 18.5-21.5p: BI. 10.0-11.0”. This was a very rare species, but many filaments were observed at collection locality 115. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25). Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-265, 269, 273). A Sghaerozosmg vertebratum Ralfs, Brit. Desmid.,p. 65, t.6, fig. 1, t. 32, fig. 2. 1848. This species is known to the writer only from an illustration by 337 Schindler who reports it from collection locality 91. Distribution: Lake Co.: 91-(5chindler’). Sghaerozosma wallichii Jacobs. var. anglicum West & West, Journ. Roy. Micro. Soc., p. 497, t. 6, fig. 6, 1897. P1. 111 fig. 7. Measurements: TL. 83.5-11.9.” T8. 10.5-12.01:; BI. 11.5-6.91.. Cells differing from the typical form of the variety by the apex of the semicells being straight as opposed to slightly convex. Rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 81—(Mt63-211); 88-(Mt63-l97); 89-(Mt63-389). Lincoln Co.: lO-(Mt63-157). Ravalli Co.: 115-(Mt63-273). Sanders Co.: 74-(Mt63-170). §phaerozosma wallichii Jacobs. var. anglicum West & West, fa. Pl. 111 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 7.0-8.2p: TB. 8.5-9.0p: BI. 4.0-4.5”. Cells differing from the typical form of the variety by their smaller size and straight apex. Very rare. Distribution: Glacier Co.: 64-(Mt61-2). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186). lS. sacndxlaslgm De Brébisson, 1344. This genus is known only from localities west of the continental divide. It is represented in our collections by four species, none of which were encountered in any abundance. (See map no. 29). Spondylosium moniliforms Lundell, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. UP8010 3 car. 8: p. 92, pl. 5, fig. 16, 1871. Pl. 111 fig. 16. 338 Measurements: TL. 25.0-27.0p: TB. 16.0-19.0p: BI. 8.5-9.5p. Very rare. Only a few filaments observed. Distribution: Lincoln Co.: 5-(Mt63-136). Spondylosium glanum (Wolle) West & West, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.,40: p. 430, pl. 19, figs. 5-8. 1912. ’ Pl. 112 figs. 1,2. Measurements: TL. 10.0-16.0p; T8. 12.5-14.5p; BI. 5.0-6.5p. The most fewquently collected and abundant species of this genus. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 35-(Mt63-391): 36-(Mt63-394). Missoula CO.: 101-(Wt54-70). Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-269). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-176). Spondylosim pulchellum Arch., in Pritch. Inf., p. 724, t. 3, fig. 10. 1861. P1. 111 fig. 15. Measurements: TL. 11.0-13.0p: TB. 9.5-11.Qp: BI. 2.5-3.0p. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 39-(Mt63-78). Lincoln Co.: l4-(Mt63-76). Sgondylosium pygmaeum var. monile (Turn.), West & West, Monagr. Brit. Desmid. vol. 5, p. 221, pl. 160, figs. 20-21. 1922. P1. 112-fig. 3. Measurements: TL. 8.0-9.0p: T8. 4.5-5.0p: BI. 3.5-4.5p. Very rare. A single filament seen. Distribution: Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-266). 339 mgp 23 normal: Sgondylosium MAP 29 340 16. flgplotheca Ehrenberg, 1841. The genus Hyalotheca is very common in northwestern Montana, and is also known from the southwest and south-central parts of the state (see map no. 30). Three species encompassing five taxa and one unnamed plant are included here. Hyalotheca dissiliens (Smith) Breb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid.,p. 51, t. 1, fig. 1, 1848. var. dissiliens. Pl. 112 figs. 8,11. Measurements: TL. 12.0-21.0p: TB. 19.5-30.5p: BI. 18.0-29.0u. A very common, almost ubiquitous desmid in the northwest. Also known to the writer from the southern montane and south-central region of the state. With reference to frequency of occurrence, abundance at a locality, and geographical range, rivalling Desmidium swartgii_Agardh, as the most important filamentous desmid in the state. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: l32-(MT63-185): l34-(Mt63-319). Carbon Co.: l78-(Mt64-108). Flathead Co.: 22-(6Mon4): 24-(Mt63-411): 25-(Mt63-410): 27-(Mt63-450, Mon 25); 28-(Mt63-448); 29-(H.L.l): 35-(Mt63-390); 35- (Mt63-393): 37-(Mt63-82). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-1l, 2Mon8). Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon51). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); as-(m:53-203); 86-(Mt63-186): 87- (mts4-s4); 95-(Mt62-56): 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 4-(mr53-129); 9- (mros-lsa); lO-(Mt63-155,157,158)3 l2-(Mt63-71): lS-(Mt62-26,27): l7- (Mt63-ll9): lQ-(Mt63-108): 20-(Mt63-91): 21-(Mt63-97): Missoula Co.: 100- (Mt63-4l9). Ravalli Co.: llS-(Mt63-27l). Sanders Co.: 70-(Mt63-l61): 72- (mess-162). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31, and Schindler (54) for 91. 341 Hyalothsca dissiliens (Smith) Breb., var. fling; Delp, Mem. Reale Acad. Sci. Torino, 2(28): p. 59 t. 1, figs. 2,5,6,8,9. 1873. P1. 112-fig. 12. Measurements: TL. 12.0-14.0p: TB. 17.0-19.0p: BI. 16.0-18.0p. Rare. Known only from collections west of the continental divide. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442). Granite Co.: 127-(5M0n41). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204); 84-(86). Lincoln Co.: 8-(Mt63-151). _flyalotheca mucosa (Mert.) Ehrenb., in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 53. pl. 1, figs. 2a-d. 1848. P1. 112-figs. 6,7. Measurements: TL. 17.0-23.5p; TB. 16.5-22.5p. This species was only encountered in our collections from the north- west where it is of moderate occurrence. Distributionxflathead Co.: 24-(Mt63-406). Glacier Co.: 56-(Kidd*). Lake Co.: 95-(Mt62-60). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63-141); 4-(Mt63-l34); 6-(Mt63-145): 10-(Mt63-1S7). Ravalli Co.: 122-(Mt63-297). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-l92). Previously reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 56. Hyalotheca,gpdglgtg_Nordst. in Wittr. & Nordst. Alg. exsic. no. 248. 1879. ver. undulatg. Pl. 112 fig. 4. Measurements: TL. 10.5-14.5p: T8. 6.5-7.5p: 81. 5.0-6.0p. A very rare desmid in our collections. Few filaments seen. This species was previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collec- tion locality 86, In her discussion of the taxon, she indicates that in her specimens some cells were similar to var. perundulatg Grfinbl., having undulate margins. Indeed her figure indicates this characteristic, so I have placed her plant under var. perundulatg, which I also found at 342 collection locality 86. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31-(4182). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-l4). fiyalotheca undulata Nordst. var. perundulata Gr6nb., Bot. Notiser, p. 63, pl. 4, fig. 2, 1938. P1. 112 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 13.5-16.0p: T8. 6.0-7.0p; BI. 4.0-5.0p. ' Very rare. Distribution: Lake Co.: 86-(Mt63-186, Sieminska‘). ‘flyalothegg sp. Pl. 112 fig. 9. Measurements: TL. 12.0-13.5p: T8. 14.5-17.5p; BI. 14.0-14.5p. Cells small, spool-like, slightly broader than long, sinus shallow, consisting of a slight concavity in the middle of the lateral margins: apex of the semicell truncate, broader than the isthmus: lateral margins slightly concave: vertical view elliptical. Filaments enveloped in a gelatinous sheath. Cells somewhat remindful of'fl. dissiliens. but differing from that taxon by the spices being broader than the isthmus and in the elliptical shape of the semicell in vertical view. . Cells equal in size to 31. dissiliens var. 9.19.9.2. but differing in cell shape, as above. Very rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 28-(Mt63-447). l7. Bambusing Kuetzing, 1845. The genus Bambusina was found only in collections from the north- west where it is of moderately rare occurrence. It is represented in our material by two varieties belonging to a single species. The varieties 343 were encountered equally as often as one another. (See map no. 31). Bambusiqg borreri (Ralfs) Cleve, Ofvers. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Fbrhandl. 20:p. 496. 1864. var. borreri. Pl. 112 fig. 14. Measurements: TL. 23.0-29.5p: T8. 19.0-23.0p; BI. 17.5-21.9u. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 29-(H.L.l): 39 (Mt63-77,79): 46-(Mt62-1). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-19). Lake Co.: 86-(Mt62-80). Lincoln Co.: 10- (wtes-lse). Bambusina borrsg; (Ralfs) Cleve, var. gracilescens Nordst., in Wittr. 6: Nordst. Alg. exs. 7, 180, no. 367, 8: fasc. 21, p. 34. 1889. P1. 112 figs. 10,13. Measurements: TL. 23.0-29.qp; T8. 15.2-17.9a; BI. 15.0-16.0p. Moderately rare. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-ll). Lake Co.: 84-(86); Bd-(Sisminska:). Lincoln Co.: 16-(Mt63-113). Previously reported by Sieminska (65) for collection locality 86, under the name 8, moniliformis Ehrenb. var. gracilescens Nordst. 344 ”()NTVINA Mistress LEGEND Bambusing MAP 31 345 18. Desmidium Agardh, 1825. The genus Desmidium was the most frequently encountered filamentous desmid. It is known from the northwest (very common), southwest(vary rare) and north-central (very rare) parts of the state. It was gathered from a variety of aquatic habitats (ponds, lakes, bogs, sloughs, rivers, at varying altitudes (2000-7000 feet))and often appeared in abundance. Seven species have been identified. Desmidium_agtoqonum (Ehrenb.) Breb., Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 64, t. 32, fig. 1. 1848. var. aptoqonum. Pl. 114 fig. 1,2,5. Measurements: TL. 16.0-20.7p; TB. 22.5-30.0p: BI. 16.0-24.0p. 0f common occurrence in the northwest. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25): 29-(H.L.l): 36-(Mt63-397); 42- (Mon16). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-20). Granite Co.: 125-(6Mon49): 126- (6Mon43): 127-(6Mon4l). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206,207): 83-(Mt63-203); 87- (Mt64-64): 93-(5chindler’). Lincoln Co.: lS-(Mt62-28). Sanders Co.: 72- (Mt63-167). Previously reported by Schindler (54) for collection locality 93. Desmidium agtogonum Bréb. var. acutius Nordst., Alg. Sandvic. p. 11, t. 1, figs. 21,22. 1878. P1. 114 figs. 4,7,8. Measurements: TL. 14.0-18.0p: T8. 28.0-42.0p: BI. 24.5-36.0p. Primarily collected west of the continental divide. Moderately rare. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 132-(Mt63-185). Flathead Co.: 23-(Mt63-399): 27-(Mon25); 28-(Mt63-445). Lake Co.: 84-(X8). Lincoln Co.: 3-(Mt63-l40): 4-(M63'129) e 346 Desmidium asymmetricum_Gronbl.,Acta. Societ. pro Fauna, F1. Fenn., 47, p. 85 t. 1, figs. 5-7. 1920. P1. 113 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 17.0-21.0p; TB. 25.0-27.0p: BI. 17.0-21.0p. This very rare species is known only from a wet meadow in Glacier National Park. Abundant in our collections. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28-(Mt63-442,447,500). Desmidium baileyi (Ralfs) Nordst. Acta Univ. Lund. Vol. 16:p. 4. 1880. P1. 113 figs. 3,4. Measurements: TL. 20.0-23.0p: TB. 21.0-22.5p. Rare. Known only from lentic habitats in Glacier National Park. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 27-(Mon25); 29-(H.L.l): 31-(Kidd’). Glacier Co.: 54-(Mt62-21). PreviOUSly reported by Kidd (63) for collection locality 31. Desmidium cogrctatum Nordst., Bot. Notiser, p. 155. 1887. P1. 113 fig. 6. Measurements: TL. 23.5-30.0p: TB. 40.5-45.0p: BI. 35.0-37.0p. This species is very rare and only a few filaments were observed. Known only from the northwest. Distribution: Lake Co.: 869(Mt62-72). Desmidium grevillii (Kuetzing) de Bary, Unters. U.d. Fem. d. Ganja, p. 42, 44, 76, pl. 4, figs. 30, 31. 1858. P1. 113 fig. 5. Measurements: TL. 22.0-24.0p: TB. 46.0-50.0p: BI. 39.5-42.5p. 0f rare occurrence west of the continental divide. 347 Distribution: Flathead Co.: 31—(4182); 39-(Mt63-77). Lake Co.: 81- (Mt63_207,209); 83-(Mt63-204). Lincoln Co.: lO-(Mt63-157). Dnsmidium nccidnntalo West & West, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 41(3); p. 505, t.6, figs. 3,4. 1905. P1. 113 fig. 2. Measurements: TL. 24.0-25.Qu; TB. 27.5-29.0p; BI. 23.0-23.5p; BA. 21.0- 22.91. Very rare. Distribution: Blaine Co.: 152-(Mt63-32). Desmidium swartzii Agardh, in Ralfs' Brit. Desmid., p. 61, t.4. figs. a,b,c,d,e,f. 1848. P1. 114 figs. 3,6,9. Measurements: TL. 14.0—21.9J; TB. 32.0-45.0p; BI. 25.0—38.5u. It is stated in West, West and Carter (23) that the spaces between the cells are not visible, or recognizable only with difficulty. In Montana specimens, there were times when it was not difficult to see spaces, at least between the short connecting processes and the apices of the cells. This was the most frequently encountered species of the genus, being almost ubiquitous in the northwest. Known also from the southern Montana and the north-central region of the state. Generally gathered in large numbers. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 132-(Mt63_185). Flathead Co.: 22—(6Mon5); 23-(Mt63-399); 27-(Mt63-450); 29-(H.L.1); 31-(4181, Kidd*); 36-(Mt63- 393); 37-(Mt63-82); 39-(Mt63-77); 46-(Mt62-1). Glacier Co.: 54—(Mt62- 11); 63-(Mt63-218). Lake Co.: 81-(Mt63-206); 83-(Mt63-204); 84-(01, 348 xn); BG-(mt63-1nG ; 87-(Mt64-64 ; an-(mt63-1en); 92-(Mt63-38); 93_(Mt63- 35); 94-(7Mon15); 95_(Mt62-57,58); 97-(Mt63-33). Lincoln Co.: 2-(Mt63- 141); 5-(Mt63-136 ; 6-(Mt63-145); 9-(Mt63-154); 10-(Mt63-156,157); 12- (Mt63-67k 17-(mt63-116 ; 19_(Mt63-111); 20-(mt63-91,94); 21-(mt63-1n1). Missoula Co.: 102-(Mt62-5). Ravalli Co.: 111-(Mt63-249); 115-(Mt63- 273); 119-(Mt63-304). Sanders Co.: 70-(mt63-161); 71-(mt63-164); 74- (mros-170,171); 76-(Mt63-191). Previously reported by Kidd(63) for collection locality 31. 19. Cosmocladium de Brébieson, 1856. This genus is known from both the northern and southern montane region, but was primarily encountered in the north. It did not generally occur in any abundance. (See map. no. 33). Cosmocladium constrictum (Archer) Joshua, Journ. of Bot., vol. 21, p. 292. 1883. P1. 26 fig. 1. Measurements: TL. 14.0-17.0p; TB. 7.0-9.0p; BI. 5.5-7.0p. Very rare. Collected from two widely separated localities in west- ern Montana, both lakes, one at a low (3800 feet) the other at a high (7000 feet) altitude. It occurred in the plankton or along the benthic shore region. Distribution: Beaverhead Co.: 135-(Mt63-339). Sanders Co.: 76-(Mt63-175). Cosmocladium Busillum Hilse, In Bericht. d. Schles. 698., p. 117. 1865. P1. 26 figs. 2,3. Measurements: TL. 7.5-12.5p; TB. 7.2-9.04: BI. 2.0-3.0p. This species is of rare occurrence and only known from collections 349 from the northwest. It was gathered from lootiC habitats at low eleva- tions (2000—3885 feet). At collection locality 83, it was encountered in abundance. Distribution: Flathead Co.: 28_(Mt63-442). Lake Co.: 83-(Mt63-204, 205); B7-(Mt64-65). Lincoln Co.: 1-(4184); 5-(Mt63_137). 350 MCJNTWINA IILED L...=_‘.' LEGEND Desmidium IOLED L___3 MAP 33 My LEGEND Cosmocladium 351 Summarizing the desmid flora of Montana presented in this text, the author has identified 557 taxa: (317 species, 176 additional varieties, and 64 formae). Additional unnamed formae and morphae, and a number of plants entered only to the generic level, increases the number of dis- tinquishable desmids to over 600. These desmids are distributed among the three families as indicated below in Table 1. Two species, four varieties and seven formae are entered and des- cribed as new to science. Three new combinations are made. Based upon the 7000+ illustrations made, the author estimates the total desmid flora of Montana to be between 850-900 taxa. One would thus conclude that the state is rich in the number of desmid taxa. These figures may be compared to what is known in the literature for other regions where studies have been made on the desmids: North Carolina, 497 taxa (Kim,l967): Michigan, 752 taxa (Wade,1952): Montreal 527 taxa (Irenee-Marie, 1939). No comparative figures for the Gulf states are cited here because comprehensive tabulations were not available. How- ever, Scott and Prescott (42) already indicated the identification of over 300 species from Mississippi and Louisiana, and Scott and Grbnblad (57) stated that the 200 species previously reported from Florida was only a small fraction of the total number subsequently found. TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF THE DESMID FLORA 0F MONTANA INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY 3 a 8 P ~4 o .c Genera : e .. .2 .. 3 t B .23 ““3 0—1 .u on. o o. o o 17'“ 00 .83 ‘63 .3 ‘5” m k E 2:3 L13. :5531 :43 (3° 2 '0 '° '9 '35,} gm :3 Be 2333 88 'e’ 8 8 at B: as“ 63 5'65 '32 3 'c“ 2 l—O 22 e<§ 5% .9263 9:2 5 5 5 Gonatozygaceae Gonatozyqon 3 0 4 l 0 0 O 0 Mesotaeniaceae Royg 2 o 0 0 o 0 o 0 leindrocysgig 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 Sgirotaenig 2 0 0 O 0 O O 0 Netrium 3 0 4 O 0 0 0 0 Desmidiaceae Actinotaenium ' l3 0 4 0 6 0 l 1 Penium 8 O 2 O 0 0 0 O Closterium 51 0 36 l 10 2 4 6 Sginoclosterium 1 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 Pleurotaenium lO . 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 Triglocergg l 0 0 O 0 0 O 0 Tetmemoggg 3 0 l 0 0 0 0 , 0 Euastrum 27 l 27 0 9 2 2 B Micrgstegias 20 0 11 0 3 0 0 5 352 353 TABLE l--continued escapes nuance: weapon neeocc: moaowam passes: moses 302 no amass. DNEHO Homeeefiaam Le dz ea mswumauw> 302 up amnesz sesame we use 302 to p as: wowumam mo unneaz Hope» Genera (cont.) Desmidiaceae 23 13 Xanthidium 10 ll Arthrodesmus A—‘_L:_ Cosmocladium 27 47 13 130 Staurastrum Onychonema Sphaerozosmg 08 U01 S and H alothe B mbu n Desmidium 27 59 64 176 317 MAP 34 LEGEND Number of Desmid Species by Collection Locality A symbol is used to indicate the total number of species present at a collection locality and represents a range Symbol Number of Species (range) * 8 0-10 0 = 11-20 0 a 21-30 a = 31-40 41-50 51-60 1 a 61-70 . a 71-80 it a 81-90 91-100 0 I! 101-110 i a 111-120 (none) ‘121-130 it It 354 355 >._.3m mmfivmmw 92me m0 mmmEDZ __ 3.0. MAP 34 * .x. a. *1. O 02—!O>3 * Iii * * .8. 0* * .x. O .x. ** Ba]. .8. * D E: 2 fits 23 * .x. * * .x. .x. * * £333 .2. I. .031. 9.3.3.... * * :3» [in 3| * s *s .8. le- I-‘sg * A T . * * o x. E * 3523 ll! lads-II! A .x. O .x. H * * * n l * 0 3e.- * N * ow . .x * * * * .x. * a as a a! 3 J ~ Genus “.3 +3 «a o... O O H O x o E (10 0 m :1 ml- 0 a E HE .1 .p :1 u: 00 In E Q- 0- c we: .... 0-HT!) 0 :16 2g :1 O O c o >~~4 :1 Bacon HEEDOw-HQ -4 o 01 DC I :Jmou: £4307 ueomumE‘oE e . H > on a) womoueowmumNomcam: O o a: N was» tau-14:00 :I-u'C'C (DCOHL-H-HHH 2 2 u o 'D-UDOEOUOOEt-am-HO mou>~umnuu 0 .u COHCDuOHHDvQLHHIO‘CODfiOO o—Io-c H (Oflv-OHI—c-Hv! mCDQE (01444.: DumCHDEEE 0 e H c>~u4~4+>uco~4m~4vnocu w>~£omEmwm .94: O oo>~aeuefiaauo:Hmpucuazswooo O O L) uozumzcra quF-I— uzx~ I) «U ‘H t .4 U a 0-1 0 X 0 E (1 fl 0 U) 3 (.0!- O 'H E H; .J .u 3 La 01 01 GE E h..- C (no -l tic-40) (0 DE ED 2) O D C O >~~4 I: Eucmm wEEDOflHO H O 0‘ DC 0 30305-12) unwueowows‘og o o H >~ cm a: HOOOHEDHD-DIJNOOCDQ O O 4’ N FOE-D hHuUOD+JUDWCOH£HHH~4 Z 2 U 0 DaDOEOUOOEHmHOGOH>~umDUQ 0 .0 COHCD-UOHHIJ-IJEJIZHHL'Q‘DODHOQ0-1—0 a-i UUHHRWH 01:30.6 mupznumcmneee o I) H C>~HH4143COflDHJJGIOCJJIU>~£OGEmw¢J «U '3 O OO>~QQUOHQHHDDHOHJJCQQ>~NOOO O U umumzczo.umappwsxqmommxmouu '- 0- 14 000001010000100050010000414* 15 1000030 70000 331121100101030 73* 10 0000000 50100 0100 10000100514. 17 1100000 00200 0100100001010336=k 10 0000100 40000 0010 20000000412. 19 0000100 50200 251015010101020 61* 20 0000101 30200 2010 0010101010 39* 21 0000000 50200 301014110101022 51* 22 1000000 40200 311210100101021 40* 23 0000100 50200 431012000002020 56* 24 100000010000 3010 00002000723a: 25 000000010000 3000 00001000021»: 20 0000000 20000 0000100000005 0* 27 20000202003000531101202130351050! 20 2000132502001010127110102132 92* 29 2000101 90300743732111113032110111 30 0000000 00000 0100100000000 3. 31 100011140400100212501020302105* 32 001001010000 0000100000004 0. 3:: 0000030 00000110010000000915. 365 TABLE 2. Continued Genus w >~ 0 & v4. ...g 00 H O x o E CLO O m 3 ml- 0 H E «E .J 4: :3 u: m 01 GE E 0.0.. C we -I (nu-cw a! 3E ED 3 00 C O >~~4 C Eucmw HEEDGUJHQ H 0 Ch 0: 0 3:00:43 “3039500100505 0 o H >~ 00 0 HODDHEOHDDDNOQCDGD O O a: N c.1054: Lao-(4300 D-UU'UU) COHL’HHHH Z Z L) O UHDOEDUOOEHwHOQOH>~JJCDDUH O 4) cowcauou—awuwzuacmnonwom AH 94 (on-Hutuw-flmCDQEmeLHQMCHDEEE 0 O .—1 c>~.—c-T.u.ucowoauOUCuo>~£omemww 4:4: 0 OO>~Q000~IQr—GIAIDD-ku-UCCLQXGCDOO O O U Laozumzctaumahhusxcmommxmouu I-- p— 34 0000000 00000 0000100000000 1. 35 1000110 40200 201015001100022 52* 36 10001012010001112000110202154* 37 1000000 50100100011010101010 40* 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 20 . 39 0000101130100 3211 9001012111 47* 40 0000000400000100100000003 9* 41 0000000 60100 0000 9000000011 27* 42 1000100 301001011 7010001015 34* 43 0000000 40000 0000 20000000410. 44 0000000 30100 0000 4000000017 25* 45 0000000 30000 0000 000000002 5* 46 0000000 000001100100001101 6. 47 1000100 5.0200 210015000000026 54* 40 000000010000 00001000000012 14. 49 1020001000000000100000001419. 50 0000000 00000 0000 000000006 69' 51 0000000 00000 0000 0000000014 14. 52 0000001 00000 0000100000002 4. 53 0000000 00000 0000100000000 1. TABLE 2. Continued 366 i >. Genus g «9 H t or; U U .4 0 x O E O. O 0 w :I m p— o owl E ~48 _l 4.3 :1 H3 00 10 0E E 0- Q- C (00 H 0-0-10) :1 DE ED :1 O o C O >~~4 C E-QCQU) «86:10:me H O 01 0C 01 Swot-4:3 HDWHEOCOOMEUE 0 0 v4 >~ 00 a «cache own-1.107400123111230 O 4’ N use.) HHMUODJJDU m COHIHHHH 2 2 0 O Duaoewooosumwomouxvmnuu o 4.: cowcauouaoawfiuhszOD-HOWH H 0-. GQHRHHHwCDQEmHuLDUmC—ODEEE o 0 H C>H~4pnco~4m~4uwocam>~£omewmw.u «9 O OO>~QDUQHQHRODMQL¢+§CQQ>~GIJOO O O U umumzaaumar—n—uExcrmommzzcnouu D»- I— 54 0 0 0 0 2 5 3 15 0 2 0 2 10 9 2 3 25 0 l 0 2 1 3 0 37 123.§} 55 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 s 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 5 e 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 * 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 7* 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 2 :4 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 an 61 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 11 * 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (J a 63 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 3 0 0 3 2 0 l 9 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 27 a: 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 2 l 0 S 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 22 zk 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 t 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 4 a 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 t 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 a 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 70 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 l 0 l 0 8 240* 71 0100000 502001000 4000000110 24* 72 0000100110300 3220 6000101019 49* 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 7 13 * TABLE 2. Continued 367 >. Genus g 4: ~4 a H U o H O X 0 E (10 U U) D (D!— O H E HE .J 4) :3 $43 (0 00 (DE E Q- Q- C mm H 0H0) :0 DE ED 3 O O C o >~~4 C Eucwm «58:16me or! O 01 0C 01 30:03:43 0.3100460111008135 0 0 H >~ cm (0 HODOQEm-HID-DONOOCDGD O O «l-J N HIDE.” HHHUOD-L’U'DmCOo-IJZHHH'H 2 2 0 O DHDOEOUOOEHmHOQOQ>~MUJDUR 0 4.) COHCDJJOHHO-UNLQHLQUODHOIUHF. o-l Elm-Hut-a-H-HmCDQEmH-DLDUCOCHDEEE 0 O H C>~HHJJJJCOfimHJJTOUC430>~£OGE£OwID 4343 O OO>~QDUQHCLHHCDDHSJHJJCQDL>~GQOO O O U UCEUWZ‘ltfl.UUICLF-l—UEXCIWOUTUIIIDOUU l— '— 74 0000000120200 511111010001020 55* 75 000000010000 0000 500000001015. 75 1000100110300 442020021101134 05* 77 0000000 40100 1010 50000000510. 70 0000000 00100 0000 30000000510. 79 000000010100 0000 20000000711* 00 000000010000 0000400000001 5. 01 1000000 00100 522221110103019 57* 02 0000100 30100 3323 4000000013 33* 03 1001100 00300 233223110103114 50* 04 1000100100200 772113100112023 00* 05 0000001100005000 30000000019. 05 20011311103001352531020212040125fi 86a 0010130101400 422125000111020 50* 07 0000100 90200 341019200102131 75* 00 00021129 100 5002 5010001013 44* 09 0000001 40100 2002 70200000725* 90 0000000 00000 0000 000000001 1. 91 0000000 10200 1200 40201010 5.19.: 92 0000000 50100 0000 4000001015 25* 368 TABLE 2. Continued w 3 Genus 3 . :3 8 :‘2 m E o. a u m -: a) p. o ~4 E HE .J 4.1 -:J 34:) m 0) (GE E e. a. C mm H 0H0) 0 :JE ED 3 O O C O >~~H C E-DCOU) HEEDGm-Ho H 0 Ch 0C (D atoms: 0.3101450100035116 0 e 0H >~ 00 a: HOQDHEm-fio-HIDNOOCDGD O O .u N Lame—u tar-1.900 34.31370 (D COHLMHHH Z 2 0 O UHDOEDUOOEHwHOGOu>~umUUH w 49 COH~H-OH+$COHOHumoCuw>~£OwEwmm +1 4: O oo>amuo~ca~aum:Hmuucao.>~mooo O O U UOZLJLDZCCQ. umahhwaxqummImouu .— .— 93 10—00000 90200 0001 4000002013 32* 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 O 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 25 * 95 0001000100300 534119010201020 70* 95 000000020000 0000 100000001315. 97 00000005010011005000101015 32* 90 0000000 40100 0000 3000000012 20* 99 0000010 20100 0000 000000002 5. 100 0001121400005200001010009354: 101 1000000 5000010001900100002249* 102 1000100 301001100 500000109244: 103 0000000100001000100000002 5. 104 0000000 30100 0000 000000001 5. 105 0000000 20100 0000 000000001 4. 105 1000000 20000 0000 40000000310. 107 0000000 00000 0000 200000001 3. 100 0000000 20000 0000 000000000 2. 109 0000000101000000100000001 4. 110 000000010000 0000 000000000 1. 111 1000100 42000 3210 0000001012 27* __:I 112 0021232 4011211522 2000000012 52* TABLE 2. Cant inued 369 >. EBHUS g 43 He :1 8 s? 5 a. 5 9° 0 H E HE m.— ..l 43 I! ‘43 w 10 «IE E h—Q— C we ~4 mode) (I! DE ED 3 00 C O >~~4 C Eucew «easements or: O 01 0C (D 3:010:43 “DmqumUflE'OE e . H >~ O!) (U HOGDHEDHDJ’ONOOCDND 00 +3 N RQE-u HHUUODA’UUWCOHLHHHH 22 U 0 DMDOEOUODEhmHOwOLT>~4JmDou o .u cowcauou—cwumcuuzoboawom.4—1 o-G mafihumeCDQEmI-auCDUUCHDEEE O I! H c>~~~+uuco~4o~4umucuw>~£om6www 434-3 O DO>~QIDUOJHQHHmeQHJJCQCL>~tO¢DOO O O U umumzaaumahhusx~~4 C EuCKOm «seesaw-cm H 0 0’1 0C 10 30301-43 0.3401050010106136 0 0 H >~ om m Homwuewwmpmuowcaw: O O .u N LANE.” HH-UUO 3.131313 0) COHJZHHHH Z Z (J O U$DOEOOOOEthOGOH>umDOH 0 4.3 cowcauour-Toumzuucm‘ooawou HI-l H GDHQRHHUJCDQE(DH-ULDUCUCHDEEE e o H c>..-T-—T.u.pco-40~4.uoucumxzooswmw 494’ O 00>.QQUDHQHHDDHmuuCQQ>~mlDOO O O L) umumzrzo. Umat—t— UEXCILDCJUJUIICDOUU l— I- 133 0’0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 31 * 134 0 0 0 0 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 5 2 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 15 45 :k 135 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 0 4 3 0 2 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 13 53 ak 135 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 . 137 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 . 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 .. 139 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 ,. 140 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 15 . 141 1 O 0 0 O 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 24 * 142 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 O O 0 2 5 .. 143 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 13 . 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 . 145 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 . 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 . 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 . 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 . 149 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 3 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 . 150 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 . 151 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 . 152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 10 . TABLE 2. Cogtinued 371 Genus m >~ O t.’ ‘8 '5 H O X 0 E 0.0 U U) D (Ill- 0 H E HE .J .1.) :3 34:) on 01 0E E Q-O- C (00 H 0H0) 0 DE E3 :3 O O C 0 >~H C E-PCDO) HEEDOmHfl H O 0) 0C 0 DMD“: RDmQEOWOQEUE e e 0H >~ 00 Q HOflOHEDHO-‘JONODCDG O O 4) N “GE-U Lao—149003431313 mCOo-iL-H'HH'H 2 2 U 0 'DJJDOEOUOOEHm-HO UOQ>~+303UUH o 4.: COHCDJJOth-UULQHLID'DODHOG HH H CflHHRHHmCDQEm‘J-fifiDUQCHDEEE O 0 PI C>~HH+3-DCOHOH+’GOCJJ CU>~£OGEUIWUJ .8.” O OO>~QOODHQHHDDHGHHCQQ>~GJQOO O U UOZLJUJZCEQ UWQF-I—hJ EXCI MOLDU'JIIDOUU '- .- 153 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 e 154 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 * 155 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l a 156 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 t 157 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 a 158 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 t 159 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 3 * 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 t 161 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 D 0 0 D 1 2 * 162 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 * :- 163 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 a 164 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1‘0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 a 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 a 166 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 e 167 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 e 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 a 169 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 a 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 l4 s 171 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 17 * 172 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 * 372 TABLE 2. Continued w > Genus . .u we a u e H O X 8 w 5 8.9 O -I E HE .J 4.: :1 u: 00 00 me E e. e. 1: mm .4 0H0) 0 DE 6:: :1 o o c 6 >4... 1: eucww “season-am .4 c on u: m amen: unmueomuws'os . . H > 00 IO HONOHEOHmumNOECDQD O O 4: N use... u—quuoaup'owcopc «AH—4H 22 o o bunoeouooeumwomouxuwnuu m .u cowcapouaoumzuuzmuoawom HH v-i Nudist-avid“) CDQEm $443.53 UMCHDEEE D a .-a C>~HHJJ+JCOHDH43NOC+JO>~£OtUEmmtn 4:44 o DO>~Q¢000HQHHQDHOHJJCQQ>~MOOO o o u UOZUU)2I Enumoa>ecoum osmowouwoxam meocozu>co Espummuomum maswoeoucuuq eawbwgucmx wowuouwmuuws eauuwwau manganese» mmuouoaawuk enacomuoosmaa Enaumuwoauocfiam eswuoumoau ancmu EnacmmuocHuu< enauuoz mucomuouuam muum>uoubcwa>u m>om coo>~ouwcou sawaauos cosuoosaou 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0‘0 0 193 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 194 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 195 d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 196 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 197 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 198 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 199 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 12 200 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 201 VI. SUMMARY The desmids, collectively comprising the families Conatozygaceae, Mesotaeniaceae, and Desmidiaceae, in the order Zygnematales, as a group have never been studied in the state of Montana. In fact, they have been very little investigated in the entire northwestern United States. The present study covers the genera Gonatozygon,'§gyg, Cylindrocystis, Spirotaenia, Netrium, Actinotaenium, £22332, Closterium, §pinoclosterium, Pleurotaenium, Triploceras, Tetmemorus, Euastrum, Micrasterias, Xanthidium, Arthrodesmus, Staurastrum,0nychonema, Sphaerozosma, §ppndylosium, Hyalotheca, Bambusina, Desmidium, and Cosmocladium. It is based upon collections from 202 localities primarily obtained by the author, or con— tributed by other collectors.. Illustrations made of all the taxa encoun. tered served as the basis for identification. A total of 557 taxa (317 species, 176 additional varieties, and 64 formae) were identified. Entered as new are two species (Arthrodesmus mooarii and Euastrum prescottii), four varieties (Closterium parvulum var. taylori, Gonatozygon brebissonii var. tenuis, Staurastrum corniculatum var. biunqgiculatum and ‘55. pinnatum var. turbinatum), and seven formae (Closterium angustatum var. gracile fa. elongatum, £1.9raelongum fa. elongatum, Euastrum crassum var. tumidum fa. suboblongum, E. verrucosum var. Elgtgm'fa. czcloEs, Staurastrum dilatatum fa. fusiforme, St. lapponicum fa. depressum and Xanthidium cristatum var. uncinatum fa. ornatum). Three are new combinations (Staurastrum rugosum var. coronulatum, Euastrum everettense var. crassum and E. evolutum var. poriferum). 374 375 With the inclusion of qualitative data on the genus Cosmarigm, it is estimated that the total desmid flora of Montana is between 850.900 taxa. The distribution of the desmid taxa is by no means equal throughout the state, with the majority of the taxa being at present only known from the northwest. This region receives the greatest amount of precipi- tation and is geologically an area where the mountains are primarily com- posed of sedimentary rocks of late Precambrium origin, and the inter- mountain valley floors are mostly of glacial deposits and alluvium. In general the abundance (number of Species) and distribution of desmids appears to correlate with the hardness of the surface waters, with hard-water regions (Great Plains area) possessing habitats with poor desmid floras, and the areas where soft-waters are more abundant (northwest) having the richer floras. Exceptions, however, were noted. Over all, the majority (133) of the localities studied were poor desmid habitats (having 20 species or less), and only 4 had a rich des— mid flora (over 100 species). PLATES = 20).: 5,5. 10,11. 12,13. 14. 15,15. 17,10. 19. 20. no “1 k1 0 no 0 we 0 t” PLATE 1 GUNATOZYGON brebissonii var. brebissonii 00000000000000.0000... l-mt63-136 9-mt63-338 (spines) brebissonii var. intermedium ...................... 2-mOn15(1) 3-Mt63-39l 4-Mt63-16l 7-mt63-300 (spines) 8-Mt63-501 brebissoqii var. VUlQaPB oceooeeeoeeeoeeoeeeeeeeeoo S-MC63-431 6-Mt62-76 (spines) brebissonii var. tenU1S eeeeeeeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeee 10,11.0334102 monotaenium var. pllOSBllUM oeoooeeooooeeeoeeeeeeee IZ-Mt63-71 13-Mt63-67 14-MC63-82 monotaenium var. monotaenium ...................... lS-Mt63-412 16-Mt63-444 monotaenium var. monotaenium f. pgngtgtgg,......... 17-Mt63-394 18-Mt64-128 19-Mt63-379 M°99009000000.00.000.000...00.000.000.000... 20-Mt63-248 377 Page 59 60 61 61 62 62 63 64 Figs. 1,2. 9,10, 11. 12,13, 14. 15,15, 19. 17,10. 20. 21. 22. PLATE 2 ROYA, CYLINDROCYSTIS, SPIRUTAENIA R023 2&flUd0C103t8r1UW oooeoeoeeeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeee l-Mt63-147 2-mt63-164 fie CambI‘lCa eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeoeeoeeeeeeeeee 3-Mt63~120 Cylindrocystis brebissonii var. brebissonii ...... F1 0 R1 he V1 0 4-Mt63-332 5-Mt63-258 6-mt63-258 7-mt63-256 8-Mt63-261 brebissonii var. brebissonii morpha ........... 9,10,11-Mt63-436 brebissonii var. minor .ooeoeeOoeeeeeeeeeee-eee 12,13-Mt63-257 14-MC63-436 CTBSSa var. elliptica oooeeoooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 15,16-Mt63-217 19-Mt63-217 crassa var. crassa eeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee000000 17,18-mt63-436 20-mt63-217 521:0t88n18 trabeculata coeeooeoooeeoeeeoeoeeoeeee 21-mt63-197 g, condensate eeonooeeeeoneeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeee (22—0.53-419 379 Page 65 64 67 67 67 68 68 69 69 PLATE 2 20M 3,4,5. 5,7, 0,10. 11,12. 14,. _N_. u, [2 e PLATE 3 NETRIUM digitUS var. CUI‘CUM soeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoee 1- Mon 16 oblongum .eeeeoeooococoeoeoeoeeeeeooeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeop 2- Mt63-322 dlflltUS var. 08898111 eeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3- Nt63-391 4- Nt63-112 5- Mt63-271 interrugtum 0.000.......0.0...00.00.00.0000.00.00.00.00 6- Mt63-79 7- Mt63-305 dlgltUS var. dlfilstUS morpha ...................o...... 8- Mt62-4 10- Mt63-186 dlgltUS var. rhombiodeum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 9- Mt62-25 digitus vat. lgmellosum 0......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCCOC.0.00 11,12- Mt63-187 381 Page 71 73 72 73 71 73 72 10, 11. 12. 13. PLATE 4 ACTINOTAENIUM CUPtUM var. CUPCUM eeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1- Mt63-217 curtum Var. maJUS eoeeeeooeeoeooeeoooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2- Nt63-217 SUBQIObOSL-Jm 0..0.00......0.00.0.0000...OOOOOOOOOOOOCOO. 3- mt63-444 4- Mt62-17 cruciferum var. gruciferum fa. cruciferum ............. 5,6- Mt62-63 cruciferum var. CPUCifQPUm 98. minus oooeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 7- Nt63-270 EPUClFBPUm morpha eeoooeooooeeoooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 8- Mt63-128 cruciferum var. cruciferum fa. latius ................. 9- Mt63-257 ' trachvpolum var. messikommeri ......................... 10- Mt62-75 clevei var. gelidum ................................... 11- Mt63-197 clevei var. Cleve; eeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 12. GMOn51 alonggtum. 0.00.00.00.-O..0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.000... 13. Mt63-391 383 Page 79 80 82 75 76 75 76 84 75 74 81 PLATE 5 ACTINOTAENIUM_ Figs. Page 1,6. tn 0 JCOnSDjCLJUm .0...0.0....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.000.000.00... 81 1,5- Mt63-66 2,3, p: O Eupurbita_var. cucurbita fa. cucurbitg ................. 75 2- Mt63-257 3- Nt63-260 4, A. cucurbita var. cucurbita fa. latius .................... 77 4- Mt63-262 so A. W eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 82 5- Nt63-75 70 £0 (31.9108ijan var. americanum fa. minus eoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 80 7- 6Mon38 8. A. CUCUI‘blta V813. attonuatum eeoeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 77 8- Nt62-16 9. A. __Curb1tinum var. minutum .............................. 79 9- Mt62-17 10. h: 0 cucurbitinum var. cucurbitinum fa. minus ............... 73 10- Nt63-327 11. A, gucurbitinum var. cucurbitinum fa. cucurbitinum ........ 78 11- Nt62-28 12. A. dlglosporflfl. V8”. gmericanum fa. emetic-Ianuum. eeeeeeeeeeeee 80 12- Mt62-28 13.14. .6.- anm diplosporgg ........................... 80 13- Mt62-72 14- Mt62-11 385 1- 2- 3- 5- 5- 7- 8- 4- PLATE 6 ACTINDTAENIUM mt63-288 Mt63-288 mt63—287 Mt63-288 Mt63-286 mt63-286 mt63-286 Mt63-198 (wall pores) ACt1n0t88n1Um Sp. o.cocoooeeooeeeoeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeee 387 Page A. Ell—9L1OCOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.0..O...COCOOOOCOOOCOOOOOOCOOO. 82 84 PLATE 6 2011 5,5,7. 0,11, 12.~ 10. In 0 In 0 [U 0 [D O [u 0 r0 e PLATE 7 PENIUM EyllndTUS var. gybtfuncatum eeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee l - Wt63-257 Eygjndrus var. gylindrus oeoeeoeooeoeeeeoeeeeeeeee 2 - Smon38 3 - 6MOn38 2:;ng 0......0.0.0.000...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 4 - Nt62-11 didymocargum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5,5 - Mt63-186 7,0 - 0553-419 11 - Mt63-449 (ornamentation under oil emersion objective) 12 - Mt63-500 pwmorehum .0000...OCOOOOOOOOOOCOOCOOOOO00.0.0... 10a - Mt63-419 10b - Mt63-419 silvae-nigrae var. parallelum .................... 9 - Mt63-152 389 Page 87 87 88 88 89 90 .<_. ~’____-——-—— 3,4. 5,5. PLATE 8 PENIUM [u 0 marqaritaceum var. mayat‘itacelim eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1 - Nt63-156 r0 0 marqaritaceum var. Elongatum eeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2 - H.L.1 r0 0 spirostriolatum .................................. 3 - mt63-271 4 - Mt63-91 ru 0 EEEEQEEE,eeeeoeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5,5 - mt63-265 6 - (enlarged portion under oil emersion objective to show cell wall) Note change in magnification of figs. 2,3 and 6. 391 Page 89 89 90 87 PLATE 8 2011 -J PLATE 9 CLUSTERIUM Figs. Page 1,2. £1. navicula var. navicula .................................. 119 1,2. Mt63-79 3. Q. anro 11179111113, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 112 3- Nt53-89 4' Elf WVBC. W eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 120 4- mt63-419 5. £15. 11b811U18 var. intermidium eoeeeeeeeoeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 113 5- Mt63-156 6. Q0 11b311U1Q var. inter-‘I‘UQtum oeeeeeeeeeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1'13 6- Mt63-110 Note change in magnification for figs. 3, i 6. 393 PLATE 9 ' 20p , .Jflkksfifirl. . .90.. eei’e 111.10....“- J‘l‘ 0". 1e 0 ac. -‘efiq‘“'e“fi“eeeeel.uueh 00...“...3 Push-ea“ 'eee-e 0" u eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ‘0”: e- I, . l- -ele’e"e e'OnBOI‘ ‘ 1'1- '0‘... ll Figs. 1,2. 9,10. PLATE 10 CLUSTERIUM got/anus f. manS oeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1-mt63-158 2-XB ‘91. venus var. venus f. venus ....................... 3-mt63-70 A. F18001dum OOOOOIOIOOOOOOeeeOOOOOOOOO00.00.0000... 4-mt64-32 A. incurvum 0.0.0.0000...0.0000000000000000.0.0.0... S-mt63-71 Q. venus var. 80p0110n10018 eeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6-Mt64-52 ' Q0 EBPVUIUM var. ObtUSUM eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 7-Mt63-77 £1". EarVUJ-U'T' var. EarvUIL'm 0......CCOOOOCOIOCCOOOOOOO 8-mt63-188 £1... gargulum var. taZIOr; .oeoeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 9-Mt63-391 10-mt62-60 395 Page 136 135 105 107 136 121 120 121 PLATE 11 CLOSTERIUM Page §_1_. 113222 var. 0090110010019 ............................... 135 1- Mt63-54 $.15. W eoeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeueee 133 2- wt53-52 El. wvar. W soeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 137 3- Mt64-116 E}... 310320071170 var. 9131033130111?" eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 99 4- Nt62-63 5- Mt63-194 Q. caIOSPOFUfl var. 13173311191113 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 99 5- Nt63-102 £150 _d1_anaa, vare dianae f8. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 102 7- Nt64-66 Note change in magnification of figure 7. 397 PLATE II 2011 ' FO" Figs. 1,2. __ 6.12. __ 7,0. 10. __ 11. 13. 14. 15. 16. l? I? Note PLATE 12 CLOSTERIUM littorale o-eeoooeoeeoeooeeoeoeooeoeeeeeeeeeeeee 1-Mt64-90 Z-Mt64-105 Venus var. crassum fa. oneoooeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeee 3-mt63-110 dianae var. BXquatUm oeeeoeoeeeeeeoeeeeeoeeoeee 4-Mt63-388 StriqgfiUm fa. (figi' DEEQCBPOSUM)eeeeeeeeoeeeeeee S-Mt63-310 dianae var. excavatum oeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6-WC63-184 12-Nt63-170 dianae var. dianae fa. cooeeooooeooeeeoeeeeeeeee 7-Mt62-ll B-Mtfiz-ZU dianae var. dianae fa........................... Q-Mt63-450 diange var. dianae f. dianae .................. IU-mt63-202 dianae var. dianae f. intermedium .............. ll-mt63-412 dianae var. dianae fa. ......................... lS-Mt64-66 pSeUdOdianae eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeoeeeeee 1.4- H.L.1 . lS-Mon25 dianae var. arcuatum ........................... 16-Mt64-85 change in magnification for figures 3,4 and 5. 399 Page 114 138 104 130 104 103 102 102 103 102 124 104 Figs. 1,2. 5,5,7. PLATE 13 CLUSTERIUM 2;} tumidulum eeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1 - mt63-362 2 - mt63-303 .91. leibleinii fa. (= 21. parvulum var. cornutum)........ 3 - Mt63-54 .E£' leibleinii var. recurvatum cooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4 - Nt63-245 El, leibleinii var. leibleinii eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5 - Nt63-l34 6 - Nt63-157 7 - Mt63-342 8 - Mt63-453 Note change in magnification for figures 1 and 2. 401 Page 133 112 112 111 PLATE ]3 20p . we- 'QA 0‘ Figs. 1,2. 3940 _- PLATE 14 CLOSTERIUM moniliferum var. moniliferum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1- Mt63-127 (The striations shown are at a different magnification) 2- Mt64-37 moniliferum Var. concavum eooeeeoeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3— Nt63-378 4- Mt63-391 ehrenbergii var. BhPBHbQPOIi eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5- X8 ehrenberoii var. malinverianum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6- Nt64o177 sublaterale eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeee 7- Mt63-414 moniliferum var. moniliferum Fa. SUbPSCtUM eeeeeeeeeeeee 8- Mt63-134 9- Mt64-83 403 Page 117 119 104 105 131 119 PLATE 14 20» ”INN! Fig. Page 17. goaCUtum var. er‘Utum eeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeOOeOO 9‘ 17-mt64-49 18. _C_1_. BCUtUfl) var. 111793 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeOeeeee 95 18-mt63-185 19,20. £13. BCUEUm var. 181‘181313 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 95 19,20-Mt63-73 405 Figs. 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. PLATE 15 CLOSTERrgn 1. aCiCUIare 00.00.000.000...OOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOO l-mt63-415 . El. 8C1CU181‘8 var. bI‘BViUS .cooeoeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2-Mt63-75 El... QI‘8C118 var. QPBC116 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3—mt63-157 El... QI‘8C118 var. intermedium ooeeeeeeeeeeoeoeeeeeeee 4-mt63-162 2!... 91380118 var. tenUe eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5-mt62-23 9i. SUbUlatum morpha eeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6-Mon4184 Closterium sp. l.................................... 7-Mt63-144 8-Mt62-18 a. corn” eeoeeeeeoeoeoeeooooeeoeeeooeeeoeeoeeooeeee 9-mt63-267 Q. SUbUlatum .......eooeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee IU-MC62-57 BEE-M .............o....................o...... 11-mt63-186 StFLQOSUm var. Strigosum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee lZ-Mt63-49 I? F) H O I? t-Umidum- OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0000000000000QOOOOOOOC 13-86 Q. limneticum vat. fallax ....¢eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.eeee 14,15-Mt63-432 Ely SUbanOUlatum oeeoeeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee l6-Mt63-132 406 Page 93 94 106 106 107 132 138 99 123 129 129 133 113 130 3,4,.__ PLATE 16 CLOSTERIUM 1- Mt63-77 lunula var. intermedium 2- mt63-114 IOOOOOOOOOOOOOIO0.000000COOOCOCO Page i22fll§.var° 122233.o.................................... 115 116 lanceolatum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 110 3- mt64-171 4- mt64-47 408 PPPPPPP *< > Figs. PLATE 17 CLUSTERIUM Page 91, spotsberqense var. sgetsherqense fa. longuis ..........,, 128 1- Nt64-89 £1, soetsberoense var. 2,3- Mon25 £1, gpetsberqense var. 4- Mon25 SUprOtSbBPQBHSG eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee snetsbergense fa. spetsberqense ...... 410 129 128 PLATE 17 ~ 201: Figs. 1,2,3. PLATE 18 CLUSTERIUM Page 2;... BCBPOSUm Var. aCBl‘OSUM f8. acerosum eeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 92 1- Nt64-61 2- Nt64-68 3- Mt64-37 (plus detail of apex) £1. acerom var. gcerosum fa. elongatum .................... 93 4- Nt64-49 Ely gritchardianug; vare pritchardianum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 123 5- mt63-38 _C_1._. aritchardianum var. oliqo-aunctatum .....................123 6- Nt63-379 E—lin’ M;- Var' M eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 12‘ 7- mt63-218 412 PLATE 19 CLUSTERIUM Figs. 1,3,4. .C_l'. tUT‘Oidum var. tUl‘ dum .eeeeeoeeeooeeeeeeeeeeeee I-Mt63-451 3-MC53-325 4-C3 2. El. tUEQidUm var. tUI‘QldUm morpha eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoe~ 2-mt63-200 5. go tUI‘QldUTfl var. giaantium eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5-mt63-142 414 Page 133 134 134 (HQAA- A PLATE 19 2.» Figs. 1,2. ___ PLATE 20 CLOSTERIUM striOIatum coeeeeeoooeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1,2-Mt63-324 intermefiium var. intermedium eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3-Mt63-197 4-Nt62-13 intermedium var. herbernicum oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee S‘HeLel intermedium var. herbernicum morpha ............. SCHeLel 416 Page 130 107 108 108 CLOSTERIUM Figs. Page 1,2e _Cle W eeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 91 1- Mt62613 2- wt53-274 3,140 Q-MU—mvaro W ...................................109 3,14- Mt63-155 4.5e .91»; MVBP..IUHC1C1UN eeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 109 4- mt63-30 5- 86 6. £1. maellentyg var. macilentum morpha ..................... 117 6- Mt63-114 7. £1. macilentum var. macilentum ............................ 116 7- Mt63-77 nge Pie maC116ntUm vare SUbStri-atum. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 117 8- Mt63-450 9- Mt62-13 10,120 E}; w var. m eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 135 13. 10- Mt63-164 12- mt63-396 13- Mt63-164 11o El. U_1_r1gvar. W eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 135 11- mt63-186 15. El, grgelongum var. graelongum fa. brevior ................ 122 15- Mt63-34 - 16,17. £1, graelongum var. graelongum fa. graelongum ............. 122 16- Mt63-170 17- Mt63-27O 18. £1, ggaelongum var. graelongum fa. elongatum . .. ......... 122 PLATE 21 18- mt63-188 418 Figs. 1,2. 1- 2- 3- £1, baillyggum 4- 5- Q1, baillyanum 6- PLATE 22 CLUSTERIUM El, ralfsii var. kriafleri (€£l° attenuatum) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Mt63-77 plus enlarged apical region) mt63-90 Ely braunii eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Mt63-77 var. baillyanum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Mt63-443 Mt63-148 (plus enlarged apical region) var. alginum eeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Mt63-155 420 Page 126 98 97 98 Figs. 1,2. 01. PLATE 23 CLUSTERIUM P819811 var. hYbridum fa. hYbridUm eeeeeeeeeeee l-Mt63-204 2-mt63-164 ralfsii var. hybridum fa. leave................ 3-86 ralfsii var. ”CUES-8nQ11ae eeeeeee-eeeeeeeeeeee 4-Mt63-206 lineatum var. linoatum fa. lineatum ........... S-Mt63-127 6-Mt63—120 lineatum var. 11n33tUm fa. lat1US eeeeeeeeeeeee 7-Mt63-156 422 Page 125 125 127 114 114 10. 11. 12. 13. PLATE 24 CLUSTERIUN Le rostratum eeeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee l-6mon38 Q0 kUQtZinfLLi eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2-6Mon35 Q0 setaceum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3-Mt63-249 7-Mt63-156 g-e COStatum var. COStatUm oeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4-Mt63-l97 S-MtGZ-SB 6-Mto3-ll4 (with enlarged apical region) 8-Mt63-77 (with enlarged apical region) Q0 COStBtUM Var. ”1981111. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Q-MC63-324 a. BHQUStatUTn var. borgensii eoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee lU-Mt63-451 _C_1_.angustatum var. anqustatum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ll-Mt63-450 £1... gnQUStgtum var. graCile f‘. gr§0;1°eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 12-Mt63-156 £1, gngustatum var. gracile f. elonggtum ............ 13-Mt62-13 424 Page 127 110 127 100 100 96 95 96 96 2 PLATE 24 20): PLATE 25 CLOSTERIUM CIOSterium 9p. 2e eee.eooeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee l-XB CIUSterium Sp. 3. eeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2-X8 1. nematOdBS eeeeeoeeeeoeeeeooeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee _ 3-05 ‘Elo archerlanUm eeeeeee .ooooeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeoeeoo 4-Mt63-197 e 2;” crnthia .oo.......ooeeeee.eoeeeooeeeeeee-eeeeeeo 5-mt63-154 . £1.02nthla morpha eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6-Mt4181 _l’ jenneri var. PObUStUM eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 7-Mt63-419 Closterium Sp. 4. oeoeeeeeeeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 8-Nt63~164 9;, nematodes eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 9-mt62-13 426 Page 138 139 120 97 101 101 109 139 120 PLATE 25 PLATE 26 COSMGCLADIUM, SPINDCLUSTERIUM Figs. Page 10 EpsmOCIadium ConStriCtum ............................ 348 l-Mt63-339 2’30 £0 w eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 348 2-Mt64-65 3-Mt63-l37 4’ .ngQECIOStePium curvatum voeeoeeoeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeee 142 428 PLATE 26 2011 10. 11. 12. __ 13. PLATE 27 PLEUROTAENIUM trabBCUIB var. crassum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1- Nt63-432 minutum var. QraC113 .................................... 2- HgLol minutum var. el'ongatum ......oeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3- Mt62-73 minutum var. minutum eeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4- Nt62-73 trabBCU13 var. maximum oeeoeeceeoeeee-eeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5- 6MOn4 trabeculg var. trabecula eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6- Ronan E trabecula var. elongatum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 8- Mt63-163 tPGbBCUIB var. rectum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeee 9- Nt53-442 indécgfl eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 10- Nt63-129 bQCUIOidBS eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 11- Mt63-261 "OdUIOSUQ eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 12- Mt63-302 nodulosum morpha (MOHStrOSIEY) eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 13- Mt63-163 430 Page 150 148 148 147 151 149 150 151 147 143 148 149 10. PLATE 28 PLEUROTAENIUM, TRIPLUCERA§ Pleurotaenium nodosum................................ 9,1,. 91. 31. I-MOndlBZ Ehrenbergii var. attenuatum .oooeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeee 2-mt63-175 ghrenberqii var. ehrenbergii morpha ............. 3-mt53-102 truncatum .....o..ee09......eeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 4-01 Coronatum var. coronatUm eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5-mt63-412 EhreanrQ1i var. Ehrenbergii eeeeoeeeeeoeeeeeeeee 6-Mon4184 Ehrenberq1i var. UhdUlatUm eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee-eeee 7-mt62-20 2;, QUQGneum var. CBEBnSQ eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeOOOO 8-Mt63-119 21, eugeneum var. eugsneum .......................... 9-mt63-171 Triploceras qraC116 ......ooeoeeooooeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeo 10-mt63-260 432 Page 148 145 145 141 143 144 145 146 146 154 PLATE 28 Q3 1/ 50 61; ’61 ”by V01» 1* ‘9 'W "Wr/ \(<{ 37b \vxzso 40W <10 7, L‘OD 1e 92> L. (DD 9 . Q? .01 6'8 9 P9 10 PLATE 29 TETMEMORUS Figs. Page 1. L granulatus var. granulatus ............................... 154 1- Mt62-13 N _g _e granulatus V813. BCLEDUGEUS oeeeeoeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEeee 155 2- Mt62-13 U [-1 O 169V18 OOOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOOO...0..CO0.00000000000000000COOOO 155 3- Mt63-261 4. 1e brebissonii Var. Meeoeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 154 4- Mt63-257 434 E, 5, he he PLATE 30 931051013. gnsgtgm f8. 1 eeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1- Mt63-443 gnsatum fa. 2 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2- 6Mon41 gnsatum var. triQOPUM eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 3- 2Mon8 ansatum var. ansatum eeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeee 4- Mt62-13 flnsatum var. COHCBVUM eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5- Nt63-449 436 Page 158 159 158 157 158 PLATE 3O 20p PLATE 31 EUASTRUM Figs. Page 1' Map. 2 OOOOOOOOeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoe 159 1- mt63-419 2'30 E- W eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 163 2- Mt63-449 3- Mt63-322 4‘ E... W var. W Oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeo... 182 4-Mt63-187 U1 e E" W var. W eeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee..... 181 5- Mt63-419 m e F" e sinuosom var. sinuosum fa. sinuosum ...................... 131 6- Nt63-445 7.‘§. sinuosum var. sinuosum fa. scrobiculatum ................. 181 7- Mt63-445 438 PLATE 3] Figs. PLATE 31 EUASTRUM Page WED. 2 0000000Oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 159 1- mt63-419 I"! 0 W 0.00.0000...0.0.000...OOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO... 163 2- mt63-449 3- mt63-322 kn 0 W var. W eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee... 182 4-Mt63-187 I.” W var. W eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 18]- 5- Mt63-419 £0 SanOSOflI vare Sinuosum fa. $1HU08UM eeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeee 181 6- Mt63-445 In C sinuosum var. sinuosum fa. scrobiculatum ................. 181 7- Mt63-445 438 PLATE 3] kn 0 he 0 PLATE 32 W Page crassum var. crassum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 163 1-Mt.62-15 CPBSSUM var. tumidum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 16‘ 2- Mt63-260 w var‘ W Fa. SUbOblmqum eeeeooooeeeeeeeeeeee 164 3- Mt63-260 440 PLATE 32 20» he 0 he 0 he 0 he 0 he 0 PLATE 33 5908.73.90 affine ooeooeeeeoeoeeoeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1- Mt63-445 Oblongum var. oblonnum eeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2- Mt63-156 4- Nt63-406 humBPOSUM eeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeee 3- Mon4181 didelta var. everettensiforme eoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5- Mt63-198 crassum Var. MiChianBPSB eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 6- mt62-20 442 Page 157 179 175 167 164 PLATE 33 kn 0 kn 0 "fl 0 "W 0 Mn 0 "W O PLATE 34 w everettense var. CEBSSUm fa. 1 000000-00000000000000000oo 1- Q1 everettense var. CPBSSUM f8. 2 ooooooooo0.000000000000000 2- Q1 obesum var. ObBSUM cocoo...oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 3- mt63-218 everettense var. everettense coo.oooooooooooooooooooooooo BVQTQttense Var. crassum cooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 5- Nt63-218 didelta var. didelta coo0000000000000.0000000000000000... 6- Nt63-218 didelta var. truncatum coo.ooooooooooooooooooooooooogoooo 7- Mon 4181 444 Page 171 172 180 169 170 166 167 PLATE 34 PLATE 35 EUASTRUM Figs. Pug. attenuatum var. attenuatum ............................... 159 1- Mt62-24 .5 0 kn a) kn O attenuatum var. SEIBNdBHS cocoa.cocoo-00000000000000.0000. 159 2- Mt62-24 U '0 b o k“ a gpctinatum var. rostratum ................................ 130 3- mt63-111 (fa.) 4- Mt63-391 S. g, pectinatum var. brachxlobum ..........................;... 130 5- Mt63-399 446 PLATE 35 Figs. 17. £3 aerEtum Qar. $2909n88 ooooooooo00000000000000.0000... 18. 19. 20. 21, 22. 23. 24. g, l7-mt63-171 dubium var. ornatum ooooooococoooooooooooooooooooococo lB-Mt63-407 dubium var. dubgum f. scrobiculatum .................. l9-mt63-447 dubium var. duhium f. dubium ......................... 20-mt63-156 Elegans var. Elegans OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.00.... 21-Mt63-327 22-mt63-157 elegans var. alegans morpha.....o...........oooooooooo 23-mon4183 elegans var. COMEBCtUM coco0000000.0000000000000000... 24-Mt62-56 448 page 157 168 168 167 168 169 169 PLATE 36 EUASTRUM Figs. Pug. 10 £0 w0.0.0.0000...00000000000000.0000.00000000 182 l - Nt63-188 N '0 U 0 IF: 0 W 00000000000000.00000000000000000000000. 179 2,3 - mt63-261 .5 0 kn ' DW 00.000.000.0000000000000000000.0000... 178 4 - Mt63-500 01 O fin .mfa' m000......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 162 F - mt63-399 ox 0 kn ' WVBP. Moooooooooooooooooooooooooo 176 6 - Mt63-4l9 -q 0 kn ' W var. SilBSiaCUM 00.000000000000000000000 177 7 - Mt63-154 m o H“ ‘ Rim-1.?- f8. M'Ooo coo.oooooooooooooooooooooooo 162 8 - Mon4182 90 £0 mfe. gUtwinSkiiOOOooooOoooco00000000000000. 162 9 . Mt63-256 10. kn o 1U9thMUllel‘v; Var. CgrnioLiggm 0.0900000000000000 178 10 - Mt62-ll 11. £0 M26— var. bachhondrum OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 176 11 - Nt63-159 12. [1‘1 ’ anr' W00000000000000000000000000 177 12 - mt63-103 13. wspo 1 ooooooooooooooooooooooo00000000000000 187 13 — Mt62-72 14. £0 gym oonooooooooo000000000000coo-000000000000 17S 14 - mt62-13 15. E, lgetkemulleri var. luetkamuller; ................ 178 15 - mt62-11 16. £- Wooooooooo00.00.0000.ecooooOooooooooooooo 181 16 - Mt63-188 449 PLATE 36 . . 20p a". ”u 3 3:311? © ‘ . 8 . o- 6 7 9 10 15 14 ' 13 PLATE 3? EUASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2,3. §_. denticulatum var. denticULajum ........................... 155 1-HgLol ' 2- mt63-188 3- Mt62-13 4' _EJ dentiCUIatum var. dmeflrdfl; 0.0000000000000000...00...... 166 4- Mt63-257 U" o I"1 C W var. M ................................... 132 5- X8 60 £0 w; fa. 009000000000cococoono00.000000000000000000000 182 6. 6Mon41 798' £0 ___—_BVOIUtUM Var. DOPiFBPUfl fa. oooooooo00000000000000.0000... 1’74 7- Mt63-91 8- mt62-60 9. E.- ___—___evolutum var. integrius fa. turgidum ..................... 173 9- Mt63-1U1 10,12. §_. evolutum var. guanense ................................... 173 10- Mt63-188 12- Mt63-450 11. £0 WVEP. W oo.coo-cocoococooooooooooooooooooo 1'74 11- Mt62-60 13. £0 WVBP. W 000000000000000.000000000000000... 173 13'. Halo]- 451 PLATE 37 "W O 5. kn “fl kn F“ "n PLATE 38 W bidentatum var. bidentatum oooooooooooooooo0000000000000... 1- Mt63-47 bidentatum morpha 00000000000000.0000.00.090000000000001... 2- H.1.1 Qemmatum var. alatum 00000000000000000000.0000.000000000000 3- Mon25 bidantatum var. bidentatum 00000000000000000000000000.0000. 4- Mon4181 6- 2Mon8 9- Mt63-386 gemmatum var. gemmatUm 00000000000000.0000.OOOOOOOOOOCOOOOO 5- mt63-450 bidentatum var. bidentatum fa.coo.ooooo00000000000000.0000. 7- mt63—320 bidentatum var. SEECiosum ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 8- mt63-331 453 Page 160 161 175 160 175 161 161 PLATE 38 PLATE 39 EUASTRUM Figs. . Page 1. E, verrucosum var. verrucosum ...................... 183 1-mt63-20 2. g, verrucosum var. verrucosgm morpha ............... 183 Z-Mt63-84 (A 0 kn O verrucosum var. alatum fa. extensus ............. 135 3-mt63-314 4. g, verrucosum var. Ehomboidium fa. gterxgoideum .... 186 4-MOn4181 455 PLATE 39 00°00. ‘ 0 oo. o Figs. 1,2. kn O I!" I kn 0 kn 0 kn O VBPPUCOSUM BPPUCOSUM < VBPFUCOSUM errucosum VBFPUCOSUM var. var. var. var. var. PLATE 40 EUASTRUM SUbalatUfll 0..0....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOC 1- Mt62-80 2- Nt62-59 altum €80 alginum 00.00.00.0000..0.0.0.0.. 3- mt63-187 alatum fa. CZCIOES 000000000000.00.....0.. 4- Mt63-407 alatum €80 alatum 000..00..00...0...0....0 5- 6Men4 7- Mt63-316 alatUm €60 BXEGHSUM 00.000.0..00...0...... 6- Mt63-68 457 Page 186 184 185 184 185 PLATE 40 20» Figs. PLATE 41 W E. VBI‘I‘UCOSUM €80 0000000000000000.0000000000000000000.0000.. 1 1- mt63-19 Page 87 £0 VOI‘TUCOSUM V8r0 PBdUCtUfl! 00000000000..0..000.0.00......O... 185 2- Mt63-19 3- mt64-126 £0 VBPI‘UCOSUM V3r0 SChOBfiBVii 0000000000000000.000000000..... 186 4- Nt63-1? 4S9 PLATE 4] 6,7. 10,11. [3 [3 I3 [3 PLATE 42 MICRASTERLA§ ginnatifidg V3r0 Qinnatifida 000000000.0000000000000000000 1- Nt63-141 2- Nt63-110 33 Nt54-64 4- 01 5- NtGZ-BU Einnatifida var. gseudoscitans 0000000000000000000.0000... 6- Mon4181 7- MESS-399 Einnatifida var. gseudoscitans fa. 00000000000000...000.00 8- Mon4181 laticefls V3r0 crassa 000000000000000.000.00.000000.00.0... 9- Mon4181 laticees val-‘0 laticezzs 0000000000000000000000.0000.000000. 10- Nt63-155 11- H.L.1 461 Page 197’ 198 198 196 195 Figs. 1,2,6. 3,4. I3 I3 l3 13 E3 truncatg var. truncata var. trUantg Var0 truncate var. truncate var. PLATE 43 ELCRASTERIAS Ut818n818 000000000000000000000000000000000 1,2- mt63-419 6- Mt62-25 (poorly dev310pad) semiradiata 00000000.00.00000000000000..0.. 3- Wt63a111 4- Mt53-137 neodamens 000000000000000000000000.00000000 S- mt62-16 truncata 000000000000000.0000000000000.0..0 7- O1 8- mt63-187 mauricianum 000000000....000000..00....0.0. 9- 6Men38 463 Page 205 205 205 204 204 PLATE 43 20p PLATE 44 mrcnnsrznrgg Pag. '.3 crux-melitansis var. crux-melitensis 00.00000.000.000...0 193 1- Mt63-33 3- Mt63-111 I3 0 crux-melitensis var. CPUX-mel1t9n518 '80 00000.0.0000..0. 193 2- Mt63-142 I3 0 decemdantata €80 0000000000000000000000000000000000.000.0 193 4- Mon4183 n. W 0.00.00.0.0.00.0...0000......OOOOOOOOOOOOCOOCOOO 196 5- Mt63-260 my _EPBUperata var0 kitch81111___000000000000000000000000000000 194 6- Mt63-260 465 PLATE 44 20» '13-'111 13...... I ‘. II lilul..l PLATE 4S MICRASTERIA§ Figs. Page 10 m0 MVar. m 0000000000..0000000000000.0.0 198 I-MtEZ-ll 20 m0 rgdiata val-0 radiate 0000000000000000.000000000000 199 2-mt62-11 199 3. m0 radiata var. pSEUdOCFUX 0000..00000.00.00.00000e0. S-Mt63-163 467 PLATE 45 20» Figs. 1,2. PLATE 46 MICRASTERIAS 1.2- 6Mon38 fl. 87‘91‘1an8 var. americana 00000000000000000000000.00.0..0. 3- mt63-300 m. M .000.0...0..0.0000000COOOOOOOOOOOOO0.00.00.00.00. lfimge 195 188 1‘1. W (=11. W var. boldtii)................... 191 4- Mt62-77 5- 6Mon38 469 PLATE 46 I.» 4 4 h a “ 0 A a p Q ’ ’ ‘D , 4 f ’ D ' 0‘ I . 9 D D O . . D 6 D a V ' I U U . . . 1' 0 b O 0 fl 6 O . V O U U v i MICRASTERIAS PLATE 4? Page m0 americana V8130 americana 00000000.0000000000....000o00.0 188 _: americana (=var. 1- mt63-302 nova?) OOOOOOOOOO0.00000000000000000000 189 2.. 3- 4- 5‘. 6.. 7- Mt63-6? Mt63-339 mt63-451 mt634176 mt62-5 Mt63-206 471 PLATE 47 Z.» PLATE 48 MICRASTERIAS Figs. 939. 1,20 m0 M 00000000..00.0000000.0.00000.0000.0.000....... 192 1- Mt63-258 2- mt63-260 4,6. g. 6391111?er var. prmillif‘erg, .......................... 196 4- Mon4181 6- Mt63-1S4 3,5. fl. agillif‘era var. sgeciosa ............................. 197 3- Mt63-304 S- Mt63-218 & Mt63-4S1 473 PLATE 43 20» \ I ‘\ | A A A r “‘ V 4 ~'V " ““A --_‘ ----- . \w" ‘ . .' " 1 7’ v 7 T 1' ‘, 7 'I 'I P " I V $ 4 -0 PLATE 49 MICRASTERIAS Page I3 . Pimbriatg var. fimbriata fa. Fimbriatg ,,,,,,,,,,..... 194 1- Q1 & H.L.1 0 brachypterg '30 000000.00.000.000000000.......0000000. 192 ‘ 2- Mt63-446 I3 fl, Pimbriata var. fimbriata fa. sginosa .............,,,, 195 3- Nt62-26 6- Nt62-18 I3 . fimbriata var. fimhriata Fa. sginosg morpha ..,,,,,.,, 195 5- Mt63-109 I3 . brachyptera var. braCJn/ptegg ......................... 192 4- 01 475 PLATE 49 20» \ I \ II 00 . g I Q ll... \ ‘al’lll Q .40 Q I, \|\\\‘\- r I n n o \ . \ 9p, QQQQ I a?) . "' 4P 5 PLATE 50 MICRASTERIAS Figs. Page 1,5. 31. MVar. m 00000000000000000000000....0...0.. 198 1- Mt64-65 ' 5- Mt63-400 2,3. m. MVar. 932933.98. m ........................ 200 2- X8 & Mt62-59 3- Mt63-110 4,6. [1. Mvar. mfa. W .................... 200 4- MonZS 6- Mon4182 & Mt62-17 477 PLATE 50 20;: 00vu-~-A. . 4 . r 0 r u — Ill 4‘441440 v §VQ¢“ .. / p t r/. . r ( lull... v \\ . ‘\‘ . . IQ . .\ \ . . x. . . _ .... . ....-.. . . . . . /. . . AA . . . . v pf . / .. . . . PLATE S1 MICRASTERIAS Figs. Page 1,20 m0 M var. m 00 0000000000000.00.000000000000000... 201 1- Mt63-200 2- Mt63-204 479 PLATE 5T 20).: PLATE 52 mrcnnsrsnmg '"198. Page 1,2,3. fl. MVar. £933.23 fa 931931;; .......................... 201 1- Mt63-248 ' 2- mt63-108 3- mt63-89 481 PLATE 52 20;: PLATE 53 MICRASTERIA§ Figs. Page 1920 EL. FOPEPBVBI‘. rotate morphae 0000000.00000000000.00.000.... 202 1- Mon4181 ' 2- Mt63-154 3,4. m. Mmorpha 00000000.00000000.000000000.00.000000..... 202 3- Mt63-111 4- Mt63-77 (monstrosity) 483 PLATE 53 20).: PLATE 54 MICRASTERIA§ Figs. Page 19394. m. thom331ana var. ___—"Otata_ 00.00.00000.000000000.00.00.00... 203 2,5. 1,3- Mt61-2 4- 6Mon43 2- Mt62-14 5- Mt63-420 485 PLATE 55 NICRASTERIAS W Page 210 dent culat V8r0 M 0000.0000..00.0000.......0. 194 1- 2Mon8 EL. yBPIPU, C052 000000.00000000000.000000000000000.00.000.0 206 2a- mt63-77 2b- Mt63-77 2c- Mt63-78 2d- Mt62-16 fl. thomasiapg var. pUlChBPPima 00000000000000000.00000.0 204 3- Mt63-324 487 PLATE 55 Zip g! 50' 2d 2!: 2c 0. . I. 0. a 0’ w! J T 5 § ) 0 r ( u a- J ‘ a . u . (0| I) r y l‘ 5! . r! a.» I \ K ‘1 . y (s 20 Figs. 2,3. 11. 5,7. 3,9. 10. 12. 13,14. Ix O D< 0 D< 0 D< 0 b< O D< 0 PLATE 56 XANTHIDIUM P88C1CU18tUm var. 0FOH8U§B 00000000000000000.000.. I-MLGS- cristatum var. CPiStatUm 000000000000..0000...00.0 Z-MtGZ-IB 3-Mt63-157 ll-Mt63-202 cristatum var. cristatum fa. ..................... 4-X8 CPIStatUM V8r0 h1208ng11 00000000000.00...00.000. S-Mt63-187 CPiStatUm var. 181d0d8rmum 00000000000000..0000... 6-Mt63-267 7-Mt62-53 CPIStatum var0 leiodermum ’30 .00....o..0...0..... 8-6Mon4 9-mgn16 CPiStgtum morpha 000000.00000.00.0.0000...0.0..0.. 10-MOn4181 ggistatum var. gagillgfeggm .....................1 12-Mt62-59 CP;StatUm var. uncinatum '0 ornatuq 0000000.000.00 13,14-Mt62-58 489 Page 220 215 216 218 219 219,220 218 217 217 PLATE 56 Figs. 2,3,4. 5,9. 7,8. 10,11. 12. b< b< D< p< D< 3,. antéleeaaum. gntilogaeum 22211222222 gntiloaaeum easélsaaaam snééleeesgm. PLATE 5? XANTHIDIUM Var0 Elanum 00.0.00....00.0.0.....0.....0.. 1- Mt63-154 Var0 Qlemazon €80 QOIIMBZOQ 00....00e00..0 2- MonZS 3- Non4183 4- H.L. 1 '30 000000000000000000000000000000.00000.00 5- Mt63-142 var. minneapoliense fa. minneagolienée .... 6- X8 9- Mt62-59 var. golymazqn fa. maius .................. 7- mt63-200 8- mt63-156 13- mt63-248 var. minneaogoliense morph. 00.00000....0.. 10,12- mt63-156 11- Nt63-200 491 Page 213 213 214 212 213 212 PLATE 57 Figs. 1,2. 7,8. I, Ix p< D< 0 D< 0 gntilogaeum var. antilogaaum var. antilogaeum var. antilogaeum var. antilogaeum var. PLATE 58 XANTHIDIUM Page antilopaeum .......................... 209 1- mt63-154 2- Mt63-210 W 00000....0000.00.00...0000...0 211 3- mt633111 4- Nt63-399 americanum ........................... 210 5- Mt63-111 W 0..00.0000.000.0000...0.00000 210 6- mt63-260 WCOCOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.. 211 7- mt63-260 8- Mt63-260 493 PLATE 58 PLATE 59 XANTHIDIUM Figs. 939' 10 _x_0 armatum var. Fissum 0000000000000000000....00.00.0 215 I-Mt63-260 2.1L. hastiferum var. javanicum f. plgnum .............. 222 2-mt63-170 3,5. 5, hastiferum var. johnsonii f. johnsonii ........... 222 3-mt63-117 . s-mtss-zoo (fa. johnsonii & fa. longispggum) 4. z, hastiferum var. johnsonii f. longisginum ......... 223 4-mt63-192 6,7. 5: hastiferum var. hastiferum f. (SE, gggflgggéflgggm). 221 9. 6-Mt63-163 7-mt62-26 9-6Mon41 8. l. hastiferum Pa. 0000000000000000000000000000000000. 223 8-Mt63-265 & Top View mtes-zaa 10,110 £0 antilogaeum var. americanum. 0000000000000.00000000 210 10,11-Mt62-20 495 PLATE 59 20» Figs. 1,2. g. PLATE 60 ARTHRODEsmgg mooarii 0.000000000000000000000000000000....000... 1-H.L.1 (top viaw=bottom right side view=bottom left) 2.H. L. 1 ArthrOdesmus 3p0 0000000000.0.000..0.0000000......... _A,. b: 0 tn 0 3-6Mon5 convarqens V8r0 WOllei 0000.0000.000.00.0000....0. 4-HOL.1 COHVBPQBUS var. COHVSPQBHS 000000000.0000000.0..0. S-Mt63-266 COnVBPQBnS var. WOllOi '80 00000000000.00...000000 6-86 A, convergena var. convaggans fa..................... a. 7-mt62-59 bUlnh81MI; var. SUbgnCUS 000000........0.........O B-ML52-80 497 _A. W) Page 230 234 227 226 228 227 226 PLATE 60 10. 11,12. lb 0 Lb O b: O D 0 tn 0 h: 0 [b O PLATE 61 ARTHRODESQQfi Page inCUS var0 indenta§g§ morpha 000000000000.0-000.000 229 l-mt63-338 inCUS var. BXtBnSUS 00000000000000000000000000000.. 228 Z-ML62-72 incus var. malaccensis 00000000000000.000..000...00 229 3-Mt62-72 nCU var0 yulgaris 0.0000000000000.0000000000000.. 229 4-6Mon5 inCUS var0 indentatus 0000000000.000.000.000.....0. 229 S-Mt63-157 ralfSii f0 latISCUIa 000.000.000000...00...0....00 232 5-H.L.1 phimUS var. OCCidentalga 00000.00..00..-0.000.00000 231 7,8-mt62-75 triangularis var. triangularis .................... 233 9-mt63-78 ErianQU18r13 var. inflatus 0...0......-..0..0.0.... 234 10-mt63-19? trignQU18ris var. SUbtrigngUIQPIS 0000.0000..0..... 234 11-Mt63-157 12-Mt62-12 499 PLATE 62 ARTHRODESMUS, STAURASTRUM Figs. ' Page 1,3,4. Arthrodasmus octocornis var. octocornia ........... 230 1-Mt63-213 3-6Mon5 4—Mt62-66 20 A0 OCtOCOTniS V8r0 tenU13 0000000000000000000000.... 231 Z-MtBZ-GA 5. A. bifidus €30 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 224 5-mt62-11 60 A0 bifidus V8r0 bifidus 0.00000000000000000.00.000.. 224 6-H.L.1 70 A0 bifidUS V8r0 CPUC18tUS 000.0000.00000.0000.000000 225 7-ML62-75 8,9. A. bifidus var. CPUC18tUS '80 00000000000000000.0000 225 8-Mt62-75 9-Mt62-11 (tilted) ID 10911. 0 w 00000000000000.0..00.00.0000...00000....00 232 12,13. 1o-Mt53-73 11,12,13-Mt63-266 14,15. h: 0 m fa0('?) 0000000000000.000.000.0000000000000 232 14,15-H.L.1 16’17’ WW 0000.0000000000.000.000.00000.00 298 16-mt63-500 17-Mt62-26 180 _S_'_ pterOSEOWS (?) 00000000000000000000000000000000 315 lB-H.L.1 19.20. g. laCUIIPQPUm var0 excavgtm 0.0000....00....0.0.... 281 19 ,ZD-Mt63-186 21,220 _5-0 IIBCUIIPBPUM V8130 IBCUILPQPHIB 0000000000....000o0. 280 21-Mt52-53 22-Mt62-73 501 PLATE 63 STAURASTRUM figs. . Page 10 §£0 curvatum f0 bI‘BViSQina 000000000.000.000....0e0.. 253 l-mt63-192 2‘ .S—E.° Wmorpha 000000000000000000.00000000000000 253 2-Mt62-17 30 i0 connatum €80 (?) 0000000000000000000000000.e.0000 250 3-mon4182 4. 8‘. co-nnatum .‘C...CO..‘..‘O‘........C........'...... 249 4-Mt63-271 50 £20 bOIdtianUm 000-000000000000000000000.00000000000e 242 ‘ S-MLGS-AAA 6,70 235.0 mucronatfl V815 mucronatum 0000000000000000000ee. 295 6,7-Mt63-73 8' .5}... 2.15m var. Pm 0000000000000.0000000000e00. 258 8-Mt63-70 (tilted) 9,10. t. dejectum var. gatans fa.(with developing zygospore)258 11,12. 9,10,11,12,13-mt63-137 13. 14. §§, muggongtum var. subtrigngulgre .................. 295 14-Mt63-393 503 PPPPPPP Figs. 1,2. g2, 3,4..__ 1o,11..__ 12.,__ 13,14. .93. PLATE 64 W ‘QEJECEUM var. QEJBCtum 0000000000000000000000000 1,2-6MOn41 QSJECEUM var. @21CU13tgfl_0000000000000.000000e0. S-Mt63-141 4-Mt63-73 ggjactum var. agiculatum Pa. ................... 5-36 CUSEidatUM var. CUSQldatUM .00 .000000. e..0.0.00. G-ML63-97 7-Mt63-137 8-Mt63-137 cusgidatum var. cusgidatum (and g5, eximium?)... 9-Mt63-137 (top view of upper semicell) UH1COPfiB 00000000000000000000000000000000..00.0. 10-mt63-186 11-mt63-197 mamillatum var. MBMIllfltUU 000000000000ee.0000.0 IZ-MtGZ-ll g2JQCtUm var. rObUStum 00000000000ee000e0.0.0... 13,14-Mt63—110 505 4‘4‘. afl‘ H Page 257 258 258 255 255 329 287 259 Fig. 1 6 .4- .9. 10. PLATE 65 STAURASTRUM Page .§_. mamillatum (=§g. cusgidgtgm var. mgximum) ........ 288 l-Mt63-192 4-mt63-202 6-Nt63-391 9-ML63-218 0 Uh1corne 00000000000000000000000.e00.0000.0.e0000.. 329 7-mt63-389 mamillatum var. NBM1118tUM 000000000000000000000000 287 Z-Mt63-67 3-mt63-191 5-Mon25 8-Mt63-389 0 mamillatum '80 00000000000000.000000000000000000oe. 289 10-mt64-70 507 ‘ _.__ PLATE 66 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2,3. Stamastrum sp. 1 (=_Sj_. curvatum var. inf1atum) .... 253 4. 1,2,3,4-Mt63-205 5,6. _S_f;_. corniculatum var. sginigarum fa. 1g§um ......... 251 5-mt63-137 6-Mt63-137 7. __t_. corniculatum var. biunguiculatum ............... 251 7-Mt64-70 509 PLATE 6? STAURASTRUM Figs. 1,2..§§. sristiFsrum var. prescottii Fa? ................ 1,2-Mt63-186 3,4,5. Staurastrum sp. 2 (egg. gssudogachxrhxnchum?)....... 3-Mt63-112 4-H.L.1 S-Mt63-112 6,7. g;, brevispinqm var. brevisginum ................... 10. 6-Mt63-330 7-Mt63-395 10-ML63-134 8. fig. brevisginum var. alatum ........................ 8-mt63-190 9. a. 10U1Si§nicum fa. 0.000000COOCCOO0.000000000CCOOO 9-mt63-118 511 241) 2111 2546 22V? 25MB PLATE 67 ___—J 20p PLATE 68 STAURASTRUM Page iii-ME}. V82. W 0000000000000000000000000000000000.. 260 1- Nt63-110 §£0 M V8r0 EM 00000000000000000000000.00.00.000000. 262 2- Mt64-64 it; M var. W fee 00.00.e0e.00.00.000......eeeeee 261 3- Nt64-64 5- Mt63—110 3.0 mg; vare W 000000000000000000000000.000000000. 262 4- Mt62-60 6- mt63-360 _S_§.0 d1CT<181 V82. C11‘CU18P8 0000000000000000000000000.000.... 261 7- mt63-156 [91. dickiei var. rhomboideum ............................... 263 8- C3 513 o-— PLATE 69 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 10 .520 gm 00....00...e.00e......e.000eee..000....0 271 I-Mt63-82 2,50 $5.... QBChYI‘YflChUm eee.0oe.....e..e.e........0..eeeeee 301 Z-Mt62-19 S-Mt62-11 3. §_, gachxrxnchum Fa. (=§§. clagsgdrs?) ............. 302 3-mt63-192 4. it. pachmnchum var. convarpens ................... 302 4-Mt63-188 60 _S_t_0 M fa0 0.000000000000000000000.00o0eee00.00 263 6-mt63-210 ‘ 7' it: QTVIPOSEPUM 00000000000000 0.0000000000000e0000 254 7-mt63-176 8. g;, pachyrynchum var. pacbyrhynchum ................ 301 B-ML63-445 (quadrate facies) 515 Figs. 2,9. __ 10. PLATE 70 STAURASTRUM OFbiCUlQIB var. QPOtraCtQfl_00000000000000.00000. l-Mt63-75 OFbiCUlBPB V8”. FBIFSIi F80 0.000.000....0....0. Z-Mt62-26 9-MOn4184 orbiculatg_var. orbiculare fa. ................. 3-mt63-161 OFbiCUIBPB var. dBQPBSSUm 00000000000000.0000000 4-Mt64-64 orbiculare var. ralfsii f. ralfsii.............. S-Mt63-125 orbiculare var. ralfsii f. majus ............... 6-mt63-77 7-mt63-171 orbICUIQPB var. OPbiCUlara 0.0000000000000.0...0 8-Mt53-158 OFbJEUIBPB var. hibernicum 0.0000000000000000... IO-Mt63-389 517 Page 300 300 299 299 300 300 298 299 —-—-—‘ ___-_— mfi—A PLATE 70 10 Figs. 1,2. 3,4,5. gg. _. tortum' 0.0.00.0.0...000.000.000.000...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCC 9,10..__ 11. 12,14. 13. 15,16. rn O l.” PLATE 71 STAURASTRUM Page M 00000000....00....0.0.0.0....0000....0.0..._00.0 279 1,2- Mt63-449 323 3,4,5- mt63-152 groenbladg 0.00.0.0.00...00......OOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOO. 274 7' 6,7- Mt63-411 W 0000....00000..0000...00.00000000000000000000 329 8- mt62-4 W .0. 00 00000000.000.00.00000000.000.00.00....00... 296 9- mt63-261 10- Mt63-450 muticum 0000..00....0.0.000000000000000000000COOO0...... 296 11- Mt63-443 bienneanum faO0OOIOOOOO000.000.00.00...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 242 12- mt630399 14- Nt63-159 anr. 6111 ticum .........................§... 242 13- Mt63-61 W var. W000000000000000.0...000000... 241 15- Mt64—7U 16- Mt63-154 519 PLATE 72 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1040 __t... anr0 m 0.00..000000.00000000000000000...00_00. 273 1- Mt63-202 4- mt63-205 293’ §_t.- QL‘BF‘dB Var0 EBFVUM 0.00.000......00.0.0.0..000.0.0....000 274 2- 6Mon35 3- 6Mon49 5. at.- W .0...0.00....00...0000000.0000.0.0000......00000. 328 S- Mt63-442 521 PLATE 73 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1. i. m 0....00...0.0...0.0.0.........0.00.0000000000...... 265 1- mt63-265 2,3. _Si. brebissonii var. brebissonii fa. 00000000....000...00000. 245 2- Nt63-212 3- Mt63-206 4,5. 3.0 bPE’biSSOUIi var. bFCbiSSOnii 000.00.0....0...0000.00..... 244 do Mt63-337 5- Mt63-315 6. §_t_. brebissonii var. twncatum 0000.....0...000000..000.00.00 245 6- Mt63-175 70 it}... brebissonii var. tI‘UnCBtUM morpha 0 000.00.000.00...0000.0245 7- Nt63-152 523 PLATE 73 20p PLATE 74 STAURASTRUM Figs. . Page 1,3. gg, polytrichum var. polxtrichum morphae ............. 308 1-6m0n4 S-Mt63-176 2. §§, polytrichum var. gglytrichum fa. golxtrichum ..... 308 2-6Mon4 4,5.‘§§.‘golytrichum var. golxtrichum fa. biseratum ....... 309 A-Mt63-94 S-Mt63-170 525 ——— PLATE 74 20p 0 - \\ ’ ‘ ' \‘\ A ( /////' .\\\ \‘ \~§§\\ Q¢¢¢ /r' / // // M \\ I ,r v“ PLATE 75 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2. .S_t_. breviaculeatum ................................... 245 l-mt63-171 2-H.L.1 3. §£, gladiosum F. ornate (quadrate facies) ............ 271 3-Mt63-419 4‘ 5;. 9w f0 W 000.000.000000000000000000000. 271 A-mt63-419 5,6,7. £0 gladiOSUm var. gladiosum 0000.00.000.00.00.00.000. 271 5,6,7 - xe 527 PLATE 75 6,7,8. 9,10. 11. PLATE 76 STAURASTRUm St. subteliferum .................................... 1,2,3.-mt63-97 §§, teliferum var. talifarum......................... S-mt64-64 St. SBtIQBPUm var. alaSkanUM 000.000.0000..0000.00000 6-Mt64-64 7-mt63-97 B-thZ-ZG gg, satigarum var. occidental. ...................... Q-Mt63-71 10-mt64-70 11-mt63-111 529 p090 325 326 319 320 PLATE 76 3,4. §£, arachnae 0.0000000000.000.00.000000000000000...0000...... 1- Mon4181 .S_t0 piachiatum 0..0.0000000000000COOOOOCOOOOCOOCOOOOCOOOOOOOO 2- H.L. 1 §£3 brasiliense var. lundellii 0000000000000.00.00.0000000000 3- mt62-13 4- Mt63-187 PLATE 77 STAURASTRUfl 531, Page 238 243 244 PLATE 78 STAURASTRUM Page hantZSChii var. hantZSChii 00.00.00.00000..0..00.0 275 l - Wt63-l71 hantZSChii var. hantZSChii Fa. 000.00.00.000000000 276 2,3,4,5 - mt63-171 hantzschii var. hantzschii andi§§. tohopekaligense var. breViSDinUm (diChOtypiCal) 0.0.000....0.000 276. 6,7 - 6Mon41 7 - (top View of bottom semicell) hantzschii fa. (egg. tohopekaligensa var. brevispinqm) 00.00.00 276 8 - mt63-210 tohqpekaliqu§9 and var. nananum ................. 277 9 - NtGS-ZDS 533 PLATE 78 PLATE 79 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2. i0 gzcltisconl 0....00...O...COCO...0.00000000COOOCCOOCOCOOOC 238 1- Mt63-398 2- mt63-176 535 PLATE 79 20;: a Figs. 1,2. 3,4. 9,10. 11,12, 13. 14. 15. PLATE 80 STAURASTRUM a. IQQVS 000 00.0000000000000000000000000000...0000.. 1,2-Mt63-110 sit-0 laave V8130 latgdigargens 00000000000000...0000.0. 3-mt63-l37 A-Mt63-413 §£p ggmgélé2é£gfl_00.0000.0000.0000..000.00000.0....0. S-mt62-73 gt, BPCUBtUM f0 aCiCUIIFOPB 0000......000..00.00.0.0. 5-Nt62-63 7.6m0n41 §§, Quadragulara var. armatum ....................... 8-mt62-60 §__. Furcatum var. Purcatum .......................... 9-Mt63-27l ID-mt63-187 a. W COO00.0.0.0...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOCOOO0.... ll-mtsz-aas 12-mt63-209 13-Mt63-419 §LW .0..0000.00OO.0000000000000000000000.0O 14-Mt63-206 it Clel:lai 000.000.00.00.00000000000000COOOOOOOOOOOOO 15-6Mon41 537 Pag. 281 282 270 239 315 267 319 264 249 PLATE 80 PLATE 81 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1. _t_0 m 00000000000000.000.0.0.00.0000......00.0...0..... 298 1- Mon4182 539 PLATE 8] ' 20p z . Vb,” /« We W<$$¢/ 1 Figs. 1,2,3. . 5... PLATE 82 STAURASTRQQ I-Mt63-111 2-6Mon5 3-mt63-398 fyrgjgerum var. Furciqarum P. austaghana ....... 4-Mt63-141 5-mt63-383 . Furciqgrum var. Furcigerum F. Furcigarum ...... 541 Page 268 269 PLATE 82 ANHV PLATE 83 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1. §_t_. furcigsrum var. fyrciqerum f. armigarum ......... 269 l-Mt63-271 2. _$_{_;_. Purciqarum var. Purciggrum morpha ..............., 259 Z-ML63-340 3. _S_{_:_. Furciqerum var. Furciqarum fa. .................. 270 3-ML63-218 543 PLATE 84 STAURASTRUM Fig. Page 1,2930 $0 W 0.0.0.0...00.000.0.0000...0.00.00.00.0000 252 l-mt62-62 2,3-H.L.1 4’50 _S_t_0 rOPFiCUIQEUM var. COFnUtif‘oma 000.00.000.000.00. 266 4,5-mt63-187 6. §_, forficulatum var. subheteroploghorum fa. §im91ex. and §__. magnifurcatum (dichotypical) ..................... 267 6-mt62-80 7. g;. forficulatum var. forficulatum .................. 266 7-mt62-80 545 PLATE 84 PLATE 85 STAURASTRUM Figs . ' Page 1,20 §£3 trifidum Var. inflexum 00.000.000.0000000.0.0.000 328 l-mt63-389 Z-Mt63-197 (top View) 3. §£3 m§§m§fl§§,V8r. flgflflgflgg.00.000.00.0000000000.00.00 287 3—H.L.l 4,5. §£, magmgggg,var. ggxgiggg .......................... 287 4-H.L.1 6'.§E° miHHBSOtBHSB 00.000.00.0000.000000000000.00000000 294 6-Mt63-219 547 PL ATE 85 PLATE 86 STAURASTRUM Page §£31m2£i2fl£ .000...0....000000.0000000.00.0.0.0....0..00..00. 293 1- Mt63-436 éifi pelonicum var. QQJOHiCUm 0......0.0.0.0000...00..00000.0. 306 2,3,5- 6Mon38 .gg, golonicum var. coronulatum (sEuastridium verrucosum Carteb 307 4- Mt63-352 5&0WO.0....00.....00....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.0 329 6- Mt63-60 8- Mt63-57 5.2.. W fa. .0...0..0.....0..0.0...000.0...00000..0.000329 7- Mt62-5 it... batro hilum .00...0000.000...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.... 243 9-GMOn33 549 PLATE 86 PLATE 87 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2,3. .511... punctulatum var. DUPOtUlBtUm 0.0.000.000.00.0......0..0..0312 1- Mt63-62 2- Mt63-179 3- mt63-161 4,6970 §_t_0 gunctulatum fa. 00.00000000000000000000.00000.0.00.0..0000 313 8. 4- Mt63-411 6- Mon28 7- Nt63~285 8- Nt63-288 5‘ 08—3.. W fa. .0...0000.00.0.00.0.0000......0000.0.0...0 313 5- Mt64-79 9,10. .53.. gunctulatum var. kjellmanii .............................. 313 9- Mt63-443 19- Mt63-208 551 PLATE 87 9" ° 009°. 0 0‘ Figs. 9,10. PLATE 88 STAURASTRUM i. QUnCtUIatum Pa. 00.00.000.00000000000000000COOOO l-Mt63-301 gL, lgogonicum var. laogonicum f. laggonigum ....... 2-mt63-194 3-ML63-399 §£, laggonicum var. laggonicum f. deggrasum ........ 4-Mt64-65 S-Mt63-146 _S_t_. EXQM’RQUN var. EZQMQBUN .0000.000.000.000...0.000 6-Mt53-154 7-Mt63-256 §_t_0 varians 0000000.000.000.0000000.0000000000000... 8-Mt63-154 i0 Bxgmaeum var0 ma I01: 0000.0000.000.000.000000000. 9~Mt63-185 lU-mt63-411 553 Page 313 282 283 314 330' 314 PLATE 88 0 .Cz“"“". e. .:¢(f".".‘ ' .‘o‘ ‘ .0 '0..’:‘ T. .‘ a a ‘0 0 '0'," ‘0". . "00 PLATE 89 STAURASTRUM Figs. . Page 1,2,3, it. Striclatum 00000000000000000000.000.00.000000000 323 4,5. 1 - Mon4181 2,3 - mt63-266 4 - Mt64-64 5 - H.L.1 6,7,8. ,§§. alternans var. alternans ....................... 237 6 - mt63-38 7 - Mt63-36 8 - mt64-72 9,10. §£, alternans var. alternans Fa. ................... 237 9 - mt63-391 10 - mt63-101 11,12, i0 dilatatUm var. dilatatum .0000...0....00.00..... 263 13. 11 - Mt63-212 12 - Mt63-206 13 - 2Mon9 14,15. ,§§. dilatatum var. dilatatum Fa. FusiForma ......... 264 16. 14 - Mt64-65 15 - Mt63-112 l6 - mt63-129 555 PLATE 89 i0. .0 a 0 e 0 O ' O 0". PLATE 90 STAURASTRUM F193. 9390 1,2,3, §§, lunatum var. lunatum ............................ 286 4. l - Mt63-210 2 - Mt63-206 3 - Nt63é149 4 - Mt63-265 5,6,7, £0 lunatum Fa0 00000000000000000.00000000....000000. 286 8. 5 - Mt63-146 6 - mt63-399 7 - mt63-134 8 - Mt63-129 9‘ 5;... MALE 00000....00.0.00.00...0.00.00.....00 260 9 - Mt63¢152 11,10. §£, cristatum var. jagonicum ........................ 253 10,11 - Mt63-121 557 PLATE 9O Figs. 1,2. 3,4. 5,6,7. 9,10. 11,12. PLATE 91 STAURASTRUM Page £30 w .00000......00.00....0....000000..00......0.0.... 240 1- Mt63-121 2" H.L01 5.1;... W 0.00.0.000000000000000.00.0.000.00.00.00.00... 324 3,4- Mt63-78 _Si. anro guitanense 000..0000.00.000000000000.00.... 239 s-“Rt62-26 5,7- H.L.1 a- Mt63-137 _S_t.0 W .000......0.....00.00.0.000.000.00.00000000. 324 9- mt63-192 10- Mt63-333 usi. SEE-2&2}; 0.0.0.0000000000....000.000.00.00....00...000.00. 256 11- Mt62-213 12- Mt63-443 559 PLATE 9] Figs. 2,3,6. 4,3,9. 10. PLATE 92 STAURASTRUM _S_t_. rUQosum Ea. .0...000...0.0.00000000.00.00.00000. I-ML64-94 .§§. rugosum var. coronulatum ....................... 2,3,6 - mt64-64 £20 TUQOSUM var. TUOOSUM morpha (1)..0..0000000..00. 4,8-Mt64-64 9,10-mt63-218 §£, rugosum var. rugosum ........................... S-Mt64-64 g!” TUQOSUM var. PUQOSUM morpha (2)0000000000009000. 7-Mt63-411 561 Page 317 317 316 315 316 PLATE 92 Figs. 1,2. 3,5,6. 4,8. PLATE 93 STAURASTRUN _S__0 montiCUJ-osum 00000000..000000000000.00.00.000... 1,2 - Mt63-447 fiL, §p0nqiosum (?§£, monticulosum var. groanlgndigum f.Wuon...".o....u.u.nou 3,5,6 - mt63-443 it. §ponqiosgfll var. Eerbifidum 00000.0..000000000000 4 - Mt63-500 8 - Nt63-206 £32.. Spongosum var. SDOT‘LQJ-OSUM 00.00.00.00000000.... 7 - Mt63-185 563 Page 294 322 322 321 PLATE 93 PLATE 94 STAURASTRUM Figs. ' 939' 1,2,3. §£0 manfeldtii var. manfeldtia 0..0.00.0.....0.0..0 289 6. 1,2 - mt63-141 3,6 - mt63-54 4.5.7- 223 2223212211.('§23 222212i.var- 22222223)........ 291 4 - mt63-429 s - mt63-141 7 - mt63-206 8,90 £0 SSbaldi V3170 ornatum 000.000000....00...000.0.. 318 12 8 - Ntfil-Z 9 - 6Mon49 12 - Mt63-206 10,110§_t_0 SBbflld; var. SBbflldi 00000..00000000000000.0000 318 13 10 - Mt62-79 (upper semicell approaching var. 22222229 11 - mt63-152 13 - mt62-80 565 PLATE 94 PLATE 95 STAURASTRUM Figs. , Page 1,2,3. it; W 0.0.0.000.00....0000000.0.0.000.00.. 292 4,5,6 1- Nt63-145 (=var. manfsldtii) 2,5- Mt63-90 (=var. manFeldtii) 3,4,6- Mt64-70 (25;. gracile var. cxathifogmg) 7,80 _S__o manf‘eld’cii V8170 PlanCtonj-CUM 000000000000000‘... 292 7,8- Mt63-465 (agg. ssbaldi var. orngtum P. W) 9910. it. thonicum 000.00.000.00.00.00.00..0000..0000 305 9,10- Mt64-74 567 PLATE 95 PLATE 96 STAURASTRUM F1930 p89. 1,2,3- §£22£§§££EQ.PIPPCPPPICUN 78. (agg. longiradiatum sansg M) ..............C 305 1 - mt63-383 2 - Mt64-11 3 - Nt63-192 495‘ it. M00000000..00..0000.....000.000....0000 281 4 - mt62-20 . 5 - Mt63-204 697' it. Smeanf-‘eldgi 00000.00.00000.00.00.0.000.000.0000 325 6,7 - mt63-116 8999 5.3.} W00.000000000000000.00.000.000000000000000 241 10,11, 6 - mt63-163 12. 9 '- Mt63-393 10 - mt63-415 11 - mt64-65 12 mt63-110 569 PLATE 96 2011 lflkfilefim . . . .0... 0 0 0.000000 54 10,11. 12. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18,20. 21. 19. PLATE 9? STAURASTRUM inconspicuum var. inconspicuum 0000.0000000000000 l-Mt63-186 inconsgicuum var. crassum ..0000000o.00.00000000. 2-mgn4182 0 iOtBnum 00000000000.0.0000000000000000....000000 3-6Mon42 iotafium var0_fi0rtum 000000000000.0000...0000...00 4-6Mon41 5-mgn4181 tetracerum var. trigona ......................... 6-mt63-413 9-mt62-19 tetracerum var. tetracergm_...................... 7-mt63-91 B-mt63-99 13-Mt64-99 pseudotetraceggg 0000.000000000000000000000.0000. lU-Mt63-117 ll-Mt63-75 12-ML63-70 gal,e_a_t_ulm_ 0.000.000.0000...000.000.00.000...0.0... 14-mt63-165 heimerlianum .0...000000000000000000.0000.00.0000 15-Mt63-173 dentatum 000......O'COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOO0.0.00.... 16-Mt63-186 ‘gyclacanthum var.amsricanum ..................... l7-Mt63-424 longirgdiatum var. m13t8351néan93 0......0.000000 18-mt64-65 20,21-mt63-146 (apical vie.) longiradiatgg_var. longiradiatum ................ 19-mt63-218 571 Page 278 278 279 280 327 327 312 270 277 259 255 285 284 PLATE 97 XXXQSG PLATE 98 STAURASTRUM F1930 pug. 1,20 5;. VBStitUm €30 000-0000000000000000000000000.00.000.000... 331 1- Mt63-204 2- Mt63-171 394,5' .3....' W 00000000000000.0000.000.0.000.00.00.000.00000.. 330 60 3,4- Mt62-59 5- Mon25 6- Mt64-70 573 PLATE 98 4,5. 6,7. PLATE 99 STAURASTRUM Page Staurastrum sp. 3. ................................. 331 1-mt63-154 £3, oxyacagghum var. polyaccanthun ................. 301 Z-Mt63-449 §£, controversum ................................... 250 3-mt63-274 .53.. W 00.000000000000000000000.0.0.0.0000000. 330 4-mt63-186 5-mt63-171 §£' W 00000000000...0.0.0.000000.00.000.000. 236 6-mt63-442 7-mt62-63 575 PLATE 99 PLATE 100 STAURASTRUQ Figs. _ Page 1,2. §§, massikommerii var. massikommarii ................ 293 1,2 - mt63-412 3,4. 53, gnatinum var. lgpqibrachiatum ................... 237 3,4 - Nt63-339 5,6,7. §£, messikommerii var. urnaaforms ................... 294 5,6,7 - mt63-71 - 6 - (isthmal View) 577 PLATE 100 A. do 0.0 0 one. a .00 Figs. 2,3,4. 5,6. 7,8. 10,11. 12,13. 14. PLATE 101 STAURASTRUM _S_t_0 9&98118n88000000...00000.00.0.000000000...00.00 1 - Mt63-443 it. hexacem0....0.0...0.......0.................. 2,4 - Mt63-499 3 - Nt63-195 4 - (top View) 532-0 gybO'USkii 000.000.0000....00.00....0...00.0000.0 5,6 - Mt63-204 rm r.- O Ila-glaCtum O...COO...OOOOOOOOOOO’OOOOOOOOO0.00... 7,6..H.L.1 0 affine fa. 0000000..000.000.0.00.00.000.00000000 9 - Mt63-32 rn §§, pinnatum var. subpinnatum fa. .................. 10,11 - Mt63-256 _SJL. Qinnatum var. SQQpinnatum 00.000000000000000.00. 12,13 - Nt63-256 it. ginnatum V813. turbinatum 00000000000000.0000.000 14 - Mt63-137 579 Page 274 278 265 297 236 384 304 304 PLATE 101 \0 “R . A F193. 1,2,3. 4,5. 6,7. PLATE 102 STAURASTRUM Page PFOPOSCidium .00....00000.0.0.......0....00.... 209 1 - mt63-16 2 - mt63-181 (Egin borqeanum) 3 - Mt62-11 (35:. aculeatum var. ornatum) 4 - Mt63-185 (morpha) 5 - Non4181 (;§§. borgeanum) sexcostatum var. saxcostatum .................. 320 6 - 6Mon38 ' 7 - mt63-419 SBXCOStatum var0 DPOdUCtUfl 0000.0...00000.0.000 320 8 - Mt63-447 sexcostatum FaOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 321 9 - Mt63-154 581 PLATE 102 PLATE 103 STAURASTRUM Page __t.0 M 0000.00.00.0000...........0000...000..0 243 3 - (Top View) 1,2,3 - Mt63-188 _L. gracile var. gracile .......................... 272 4,6,8,9,10 - Mt63-499 11 - Nt63-499 5 - Mt63-391 7 - Mt63-218 8 - (dichotypical specimen?) (§§, gracile and,§g. cingulum) 10 - (portion showing decoration on lateral wall between processes) 11 (top View) 583 PLATE 103 «)3... o ~RQQA0°UV 00 a v anrsflufou 5 CL 0. C PLATE 104 STAURASTRUM F198. Peg. 1,2,3010 Lnrlexum 00.0000.0.00.0.00.000000000000000.0.0.000...... 279 1- mt63-109 2- Mt63-137 3- mt63-391 40 .55.. W 0.0.00...0..0.00.0000.00....0000..0.0000.0... 252 4- Mt62-26 5. a. gyrtocamm 0.0.COO...00.00.000.000.00.000000000000000... 255 5- Mt63-63 6,8,9. _S_t_. golimorphvm var. aolymonpfm ........................... 307 10,11. 6,8,9- Nt63-171 10- Mt63 11- Mt63-91 7- 213 221x2222222.var. leymonph m fa. ....................... 307 7- Mt63-171 12,130 it. margaritaceum 00000000000000.00.0.00...0...0..000.0.0000 292 14. 12- 6mon36 13- Mt63-340 14- Mt63-411 585 PLATE 104 Q0, ’3 1) ’3 33 3 ‘3 21” PLATE 105 STAURASTRUM 192930 _S—{LO anr. W 0.0.00......0.....00....00000000 248 1- Mt63-340 2- Mt63-197 4. __EO thunmarkii .0....0.00...000......0.00....00..0.00.00... 327 4- Mt63-334 587 “Vs-9U. Adena"! PLATE 105 20p r O f ' r F r f O 4 - g 1 q ‘I 1 c f 0 t 9 C \ b I. 'VUvgJ n“nq~1 “a , J A 3 a: J F193. 1. 2,3,4. 5. 6. PLATE 106 STAURASTRUM §£, ngtator Var0 crassum 0000000.00.000...00.0.000.. 1 - Mt63-204 gs, natator Var. natator 00.0....0.00...000.0.0.0... 2 - Non4182 3 - H.L.1 4 - Mt52-24 gg, natator var. rhomboidium f. triguetra .......... 5 - Mt63-420 EEJ natator var. thOmb01d1Um 00000000000000.0000000 6 - 6Mon38 589 Page 297 296 297 297 PLATE 106 PLATE 107 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2,3. g. Floriferum 0.00....0.0.0.0000...OOOOOOOOCOCOCOOOCOOOOOCC 265 4. 1- Mt63-393 2- mt63-205 3- mt63-28 4- mt63-67 5,6970 it” bUllard11 000.0000o0.0.00.00000000.0......00000000000000 247 5- mt64-74 6- mt64-109 7- mt64-70 (note that this figure is not the same magnification. Enlargement to show apical verrcuae) 591 PLATE l07 PLATE 188 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 1,2. it... W.00..OeeO...e0.00...OOOOOOOOOOOOCCOOOCCOOO. 303 l - Mt64-99 2 - mt63-90 3,40 it. paradoxum var. paradoxum 0000.00000.00.00.00.0.000 307 3 - Mt64-99 4 - Mt63-297 5' £4 pm var. tridantata 000.00...0.0000.00.00...... 303 5 - Nt63-90 6,7. _S_t.. 8811th11 98C. triradiatgfl .gggoo000000000...00.0.00 32]- 6 - Nt63-97 S93 PLATE 108 20p PLATE 109 STAURASTRUM Figs. Page 193‘ 5.3.. Chaetocoras f. M .00......0..0...000.... 248 1 - Mt64-111 3 - mt64-61 2.40 __t,‘ W.000.00000000.00.00.00.0000000.00.... 247 2,4 - mt64-21 S. §3_:_. chastoccras Fa. ................................. 248 5 - mt64-70 595 PLATE 109 20p Figs. 1,3. PLATE 110 STAURASTRUM 2.3 1__2..__. 1 - Mt63-383 3 - Mt64-115 §g_ 1 Page on‘ioe morpha 00.00000000000000000000.000.0000. 284 ’ ugflgip§§.var' lgflgipgg,00.0.00.000...0..0.....0.0 283 §_t_. longgpgg var. longipgg mor 4 - Mt64-74 597 Pha 0.00000000000000... 284 PLATE ”0 20).) 8,9. 10. 11,12. 13,14. 15. 16. PLATE 111 DHYCHONEMA, spHAEngosmA SPONDYLUSIUM Page .ngchonsma lasve var. micracanthgm ................... 332 1 ~ mt64-64 9.0 mm 0.00.000.000.00...0.0000...0...0.0.0.0... 332 2 - HeLel §phaerozosmg_g§cavatum var. subquadratum ............. 335 §, excavatum var. excgvatum .......................... 335 5 - mt63-4l9 5.. W VBP. 9mm 980 000000000000.0.0...0.00 337 6 - mt63-186 £0 ELEM var. 919w .00.0..000.0000...0.0.0.00. 33? 7 - mt63-387 kn 0 91229121119. var. granulatum ........................ 335 8 - Mt63-204 9 - Nt63-112 kn O aubertianum var. aubertignum ...................... 334 10 - Mt63-152 kn O pW .0.0...OCOCOOOOOOOOO0.00.000.000.000... 336 ll - NonZS 12 - Mon63-265 i. W var. M .0000000000000...0...000.. 334 13 - Mt63-192 14 - Nt62-59 ymym PW '0000000.0000......0......0... 33B 15 - mt63-78 5.. W9. 0000......00.00....0.0..00000.0.0.0.0.0 337 16 - Mt63-137 599 PLATE TIT ..°. .. O .900 .00 .— \/ 15 F193. 1,2. 6,7. 8,11. 11,13. 12. 14. PLATE 112 SPONDYLUSIUM, HYALUTHECA BAMBUSINA §pondylosium plenum 0000000000..0000000000000.00.... 1 - mt64-70 2 - mt63-391 _.‘_3_. pygmgeum var. manila ............................ 3 - Mt63-266 flYélQflEflfiafiflxflflflflg,varo gflfiglgfig 00000000000000.00. 4 - Mon4182 fl! HDQH;§£2.V3PO PBPUnduléig. 0000.000...0....0...00 5 - Mt63-186 fl. W 0.0.0.0000......0...00.0.00.0.00.0...0... 6 - mt62-60 7 - Mt63-134 fl, d138111805 var. d1881118n8 0.0000000000000000.... 8 - Mt63-410 11 - Mt63-71 flyalothecg 3p. 000.000000000000000000.0....00..000.0 9 - Nt53-447 Bambusing bOPFBP; var. gsggiiflgfigflfl,0000.00.00.00... 10 - NtGZ-ll 13 - Mt63-113 ‘flyQIOthBCQ d1SS111enS var. Minor 0000000..0..0000..0 12 - 85 BBMbUSIna bOPPBP; V3r0,22££221, 0.0.00.0000000000... 14 ’ HeLel 601 Page 338 338 341 342 341 340 342 343 341 343 PLATE 112 20p . 000909.00. .0800600”. .ceccoea‘.) ‘._0ceeeeaea _- .e ‘..' .'.L'.':.).L { .2 .21 ‘0- w .0145}; "V'fi?'9r".m_l ‘ .0 E7! .3 1‘: _;. 1. - _‘l a 3 '5‘. 34 k 4 fl ,4 y. 3 $2 % {if ".3 f: f; 4 m P; i 5; '- ":5 R 3 2"- .; ccceeoeceeaev' .ectfeeeoeeaPP Q¢c¢¢c“.'... ‘ ceOcOOQae‘ee ‘e o ‘ °‘°°o.oa>> "°°‘Oooooa 0:00.0200030 3 eeuooo 000' o" COCOCO.°° a .0. 6.0.0.. 9,. o. 2. K3 K3 PLATE 113 DESMIDIUM aSIMthriCUq 00000..COO0.00.0.00......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCC 1- mt63-447 0CC1dent319 o.oooooooooooooooooooooo00000000000000.0000. 2- mt63-32 baileyi 0..00.00.00.000...0.0.00.0000...OOOOOOOOOOO0.0.. 3- H.L.1 4- Mt62-21 gregielii o.can...on...coooooooooOooooooooooooooo-coo~90 5- Mt63-209 Coarctatum 00.0.0.00.0.00.00....OOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 6- Mt63-187 603 Peg. 346 347 346 346 346 PLATE H3 PLATE 114 DESMIDIUM Fifis. Page 1,2,5. Q. agtogonum var. aptoqonum ............................... 345 1- mtea-ea 2- 6Mon41 S- 6Mon49 3,6,9. 20 5018143211 00.000009000000000...o0ooooccoooooooooooooooooo 347 3- X8 6— Nt63-157 9- Mt53-111 4,7,8. 2. @tOQOhUm var. 8CUt1U3 00000000000000...0000000000900... 345 4,7- Mt63-140 8- Nt63-129 605 PLATE ”4 LITERATURE CITED LITERATURE CITED Ackerman, E.A., and Lof, 8.0.8., 1959. Technology in American water development, pub. for Resources for the Future. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 709pp. Andersson, 0.F., 1890. Bidreg till kannedomen om Sveriges Chlorophyllo. phyceer I. Chlorophyllophyceer frén Roslagen. Bih. Kgl. Sv. Vet.- Akado Handle, 16, Afdo 3(5)‘ 1.20. Archer, w., 1858. Supplementary Catalogue of Desmidiaceae found in the neighborhood of Dublin, with Description and Figures of a proposed New Genus of Four New Species. Proc. Nat. Hist. Rev., 5: 234.263. . 1861. Sub-group Desmidieae or Desmidiaceae. Pritchard, A. 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Dark gray shale and siltstone many concretions and sandy units. Includes equivalents of Fall River, Skull Creek, Newcastle, Mowry, Belle of Fourche, Greenhorn, Carlile, and Niobrara formation, and locally Telegraph Creek formation. In the less well known areas beds of other ages may have been included. ° Kcl - Clagget formation. Chiefly dark-gray shale with iron-stained concretions: locally sandstone present: numerous bentonite beds near base. th - Hell Creek formation. Somber-gray sandstone and greenish shaly clay and mudstone contain- ing dinosaur bones: a few thin lignite and subbituminous coal beds. Ki - Idaho batholith and associate messes. Feintly gnsiss quartz monzonits, granodiorite and similar rocks. The extreme eastern part of Idaho batholith extends into Ravalli county. This and nearby masses of similar rocks are shown as associate with the Idaho batholith and designated Ki. Future studies may show that some granitoid masses farther east also al- lied to the Idaho batholith or that a few of the masses now grouped with that batholith are younger. Precise dating is impossible at present. Kib - Border zone of Idaho batholith and associated masses. Granite gneiss and a sedimentary rocks, mainly of Belt age, impregnated with granitic material. Because of lack of information they are not distinquished around some of the smaller granitic masses that have such border zones. Descriptive notes were taken from the “Geology Map of Montana” com- piled by Ross, Andrews, and Witkind. Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 1955, reprinted 1958. 624 Kk - Kl - Km - Ktc - Ktm - nga- pCap- 625 Judith Rivsr formation. Light-colored sandstone at top: lower third somber-gray siltstone and sandy shale; greenish-gray and some lignite beds includes the Parkman sandstone member of south-central Montana. Kootenai formation and associated rocks. Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and mudstone; purplish and green beds are common; mainly the Kootenai: in southern Montana includes strata that have been mapped as Cleverly formation. Includes Se- cond Cat Greek and Third Cat Creek sands of drillers in central part; and CutBank sand of drillers in western part. As here mapped, may locally include thin units of Jurassic age. Lennep sandstone. Mainly dark-brown endesitic sandstone with intercalatsd shale: locally contains thin coal beds. Montana group, undifferentiated. Mainly sandstone and shale, soft and in part poorly consolidated: some coal: shown undivided only in areas where detailed data are lacking and in these areas some rocks not of Montana age may have been included. In particular, rocks designated Km in southwestern Montana may include some Tertiary strata. Telegraph Creek formation. Buff mainly soft, fissile sandy shale with subordinate amounts of concretionary sandstone. . Two Medicine formation. Greenish-gray clay with local nodular limestone and crossbadded sandstone: locally coal in lower part. Rock equivalent to Judith River formation, Claggett formation; and upper part of Eagle sand- stone are included in this unit. Cretaceous, undifferentiated. Used in only a few areas such as Disturbed Belt east of Glacier National Park, where subdivision is difficult. Mississippian, undifferentiated. Sandstone, shale and limestone in part dolomitic, with chart nodules, some quartzite: include Big Snowy group in central part of the stats, Madison group in central and southwestern parts: and Hannan and Brazer limestone in the northwestern part: may include small amounts of Pennsylvanian rocks in areas where stratigraphic studies are in- complete. Crinnell argillite. Reddish purple and green argillite, and some quartzite: generally contains some feldspar and carbonates. Appekunny argillite. Cray quartzitic and quartzite. 9C9 - ngs- pCm - pCr. - pCp - pCpi- pCr - pCs - 626 Greyson shale. Dark-gray to dark-brown argillaceous and sandy rock: weathers brown or red: grades into the Spokane above and the Newland below. Dis- tinguished only in the general vicinity of Helena. Pro-Belt gneiss, schist, and related rocks. Comprises all the rocks older than the Belt series except the still- watsr complex. These include the Cherry Creek group, consisting of interlaminate gnsiss, schist, marble and quartzite: and the Pony series of Tanslsy and others consisting of gneiss, schist, of both sedimentary and igneous origin. Recent work has resulted in the distinction of small masses of granitic and injected rocks now regarded as resulting from intrusion in Cretaceous or Tertiary time. Other such masses may have escaped recognition. Missoula group. Chiefly red, marron, or purple argillite, sandy or quartzitic argillite, and generally impure quartzite and limestone. The larger limestone masses are similar to the Siyeh limestone of the Pisgan group. The Missoula group includes numerous named formation, most of which cannot be traced with confidence far from their type localities. Among these are Marsh shale in Helena region, the stripped Peak and Libby formations in northwestern Montana, five near Missoula, and others in and south of Glacier Park. Newland limestone. Dark bluish-gray argillaceous, dolomitic limestone with some argil- lite, locally schistose: segregation structures not conspicuous. In central and western Montana, the Newland and Wallace formations have been treated as essentially synonymous terms by some authors. Prichard formation. Dark-gray generally argillaceous rocks, locally sandy or quartzitic: locally metamorphosed to schist. Pisgan group. Most of the Pisgan group is subdivided into formations that are in part equivalent to each other. Where correlations are relatively doubtful the group designation is retained. Carbonats- bearing rocks predominate in the group, but the proportions and character of the impurities in these rocks and the relations to the non-car- bonate-bearing rocks vary from place to place. Ravalli group. A diverse assemblage with numerous subdivisions, only a few of which have been recognized over a large enough area to be distinquished hers. Near Idaho the rocks are light colored and siliceous, ranging from pure white quartzite to silicious shale, mostly in subdued tones of gray, green, purple and red. Near Missoula the rocks are dark-gray quartzitic argillite. In and near Glacier National Park, the Grainnell, Appekunny, and Altyn formation are distinguished. Spokane shale. Red or red purple shale with numerous green beds locally and some quartzite: grades into the Empire above and the Greyson below and pr - Dal - Ogl - OTt - Tfu - TKb - TKl - Ts - 627 in some areas as mapped probably includes all or part of the Empire and Greyson shalss. The name has been used over a wide area in Montana but in a strict sense can be used safely only in the general vicinity of Helena. Wallace formation. A heterogeneous unit that includes dark-gray argillite, areanaceous and argillaceous limestone, in part dolonitic, and grey limy quartzite, shale and sandstone in large areas. The argillaceous and sandy or quartzitic rocks are commonly slightly calcareous. The dominantly carbonate-rich rocks contain "molar tooth" or segre- gation structures. Commonly characterized by thin laminae. Locally red rocks near the tOp may represent a transition into the Missoula group. Alluvium Mainly valley fill consisting of silt, sand and gravel: includes some terrace deposits and glacial drift of Pleistoncsne age in somsareas: locally includes hot spring tufa. The older part of the alluvium, where present, is probably Pliocene age. Glacial drift. Morainal and outwash plain deposits of mountain glaciers: mainly ill-sorted and poorly rounded boulders, cobbles, pebbles, and sand: may include alluvium in places. Glacial lake deposits. Mainly silt: believe to have been deposited in lakes formed behind temporary dams of ice or moreinal deposits. Terrace deposits. Gravel, sand, and silt of terrace remnants. Fort Union formation. Clay shale, siltstone and sandstone: local lenses of impure lime- stone and numerous lignitic beds. Boulder batholith and broadly related rocks. Mainly quartz monzonits, but includes diorite, splits, and other rocks. The distinctions between rock masses relative to the Boulder batholith and those mapped as of other ages are locally arbitrary and tentative. Livingston formation Water-laid volcanic material, mainly andssitic in composition in- cludes agglomerats, conglomerate, sandstone, and shale. The name is here used only for the rock originally named, mainly near and north ofl.ivingston. These rocks include age equivalents of various Cretaceous and Paleocene units. Tertiary sedimentary rocks, undifferentiated. Classic deposits in western Montana, mostly in valleys and in most places not divided into formation: mostly poorly consolidated gravel, sand, silt and clay: includes some tuffaceous material and Tv 628 locally lenses of lignite and bentonite: a little hot spring tufa: and in areas not yet mapped in detail, lava may be included. These rocks were in part laid down in lakes but a larger part was formed in streams and alluvial fans. These rocks are Tertiary in age and as new mapped may even include some beds of Cretaceous age. Some late Tertiary terrace deposits may be included. - Tertiary volcanic rocks. Flows and associate pyroclastic deposits, with subordinate amounts of intercelated sedimentary beds and lignite. The volcanic materials is mostly latite: quartz latite, and andssits but includes some shyolite and basalt. The distinction between Tertiary and pre- Tsrtiary volcanic rocks was not made in some of the reports used in the compilation. Hence, in the less well-known areas some pre- Tertiary volcanic rocks may be included. A 16. B 11. B 12. B 14. noon 3. 4. 5. 8. APPENDIX II Explanation of Ciphers used to Describe Soils. LIGHT COLORED SOILS OF THE ARID REGIONS Sierozem, Lithosol, RsQOSOI. The extent of the dsssrtic soils in Montana is quite small being principally confined to the extreme south central area of the state, bordering Wyoming. The tepography is moderate to strongly rolling bedrock plains and the vegetation, shrub-grassland. The sparse quantity of moisture received limits the production of vegetation, and likewise usually limits leaching of soluble salts to a depth of 1-2 feet. The associated soils are zonal Sierozem and azonal Regosols and Lithosols. In Sierozem soil the B horizon is usually calcareous and moderately to strongly alkaline in reaction. MODERATELY DARK COLORED SOILS OF THE SEMI-ARID REGIONS Brown, Regosol Brown, Regosol, Lithosol. Brown, Regosol, Solonetz. The dominant soils of this region are of the Brown Great Soil group. They are well drained soils dsvleped under grassland or shrub vegetation. Their distribution is extensively the northern glaciated plains and scattered areas of south-central and eastern Montana. They occur on such land-forms as glacial till, outwash plains and terraces, and lacustrine terraces. Within the region, and associated with the Browns, are azonal Regosols and Lithosols and intrazonal Solonetz. Among the most extensive parent materials in this region are sandstone, shale and limestone, with appreciable soluble materials. Leaching of the soluble materials occurs only to a limited depth of from 10.30 inches. Brown soils are generally neutral to slightly alkaline in the surface horizon and usually become strongly alkaline with increasing depth. DARK COLORED SOILS OF THE SEMI-ARID REGIONS Chestnut, Chernozem, Solonetz. Chestnut, Lithosol. Chestnut, Lithosol, Alluvial. Chestnut, Regosol. The most extensive zonal soil in this soil region is Chestnut. Also included are Chernozem, Solonetz and azonal Lithosol, Regosol and Alluvium. The region primarily occupies smooth glacial drift plains, mountain valley slopes, foothills, inter-mountain valleys, 629 630 benches and terraces. The soils have developed under a vegetation of grassland-shrub. Chestnut soils are widespread in the Great Plains, developing on smooth landscape in eastern Montana, south of the Missouri, and on smooth glacial drift plains in the northeastern and north-central parts of the state. The associated Regosols and Lithosols occur on the steeper slepes. In the montane region, Chest- nut soils are found along the flanks of the mountains and in the valleys. With increases in precipitation, they grads into Chernozem and Prairie soils. The surface horizons of Chestnut soils are slightly alkaline and they typically have an accumulation of carbonates in the lower part of the B horizon. DARK COLORED_SOILS OF THE SUB-HUMID REGIONS D 4. Chernozem, Prairie. 0 5. Chernozem, Regosol. D 6. Chernozem, Regosol, Alluvial. This soil region lies adjacent to forest and thus is most widely located in the intermountain valleys and foothills of western Mon- tana, and the foothills of the Big Snowy and Judith Mountains. The principal zonal soil is Chernozem, with zonal Prairie, associated in the southwestern part of the state. Also associated are azonal lithosols, Regosols and Alluvial soils. The Chernozem soils occur in the lower, drier portions of the region, adjacent to the pre- viously described Chestnut soils. In the higher, cooler, more moist areas, Prairie soils deve10p. Chernozem and Prairie soils are intermediate between soils formed in arid climates where bases and carbonates tend to accumulate in the lower portions of the soil, and those developed in humid climates where bases and carbonates are completely leached out of the soil. Chernozem soils are in- clined to be neutral to slightly alkaline, while Prairie soils are slightly acid. SOILS OF THE COOL TO COLD. SUB-HUMID AND HUMID FORESTED REGION§ F 2. Brown Podzolic, Lithosol, Regosol. F 7. Gray Wooded, Brown Podzolic, Rockland. F 8. Gray Wooded, Chernozem, Lithosol. The principal zonal soils of this region are Gray Wooded and Brown Podzolic. Zonal Chernozem and Prairie soils, previously described, are less extensive associated soils. The soils occur in the foothills and mountainous areas under forest vegetation. They are grouped with azonal and land types and the following associations: Gray Wooded, Chernozem: Brown Podzolic, Lithosol and Regosol: and Gray Wooded, Brown Podzolic and Rockland. The soil parent materials are quite variable and include, for instance, glacial till, glacial lacustrine sediments, and igneous metamorphic rocks. The Gray Wooded soils usually occupy the lowest elevations and/or the drier sites among forested soils. They may be found under open timber (pondarosa pins) or under cove of fir and larch Cox, 1957). If developed from calcareous parent material a zone of calcium carbonate is usually present in or below the B horizon.. The soils are usually neutral to mildly acid in reaction above the calcareous material (Cox, 1957). Nimlos (1963) indicates that 631 Brown Podzolic soils occur in the wetter forest sites where the mean annual precipitation is 25 inches or more. These soils have weakly deve10psd profiles (Cox, 1957), and are acid in reaction. Azonal Lithosols and Regosols are extensively represented in this soil region. SOILS OF THE COLD NON-FORESTED MOUNTAIN REGIONS H 1. Alpine Turf, Rockland, Alpine Meadow, Alpine 809. These are the soils of the alpine zone occurring in the areas above timber line. They are of limited extent in western Montana, and only on the Bsarteoth Plateau, in southern Montana do they cover an area of any significance (Nimlos,l963). The region occupies the upper mountain slopes or peaks in areas accentuated by alpine glacia- tion. It is wind and low temperatures, and not available soil mois - ture, which are primarily responsible for the type of soil developed here. The region has associated Alpine Turf, Alpine Meadow and Alpine Bog soils. The zonal Alpine Turf, is well drained and has a thin (one to three inches ) highly organic surface horizon. The profiles are medium to strongly acid. Alpine Meadow soils usually occur in areas bordering depressions and are imperfectly to poorly drained. They are transitional soils between zonal and intrazonal soils. These soils are usually strongly acid. The Alpine Bog soils are intra- zonal, principally occurring in poorly drained beds and depressions. SWELLING._CLAYEY SOL;_ I l. Grumusol. Grumusols, which are intrazonal soil occur in Montana at eleva- tions between 3200-4500 feet, on glacial till, end outwash plains, and upon continental sediment plains. The soil parent materials were rssidium from shale and mixed siliceous and subsilicaous materials in the glacial drift. These swelling and shrinking clayey soils cannot be assigned to any climatic or vegetation region. They are found most extensively along the western edge of north central and central Montana. Calcium and magnesium are con- stituents of the clay fraction of Grumusols and may occur as soil concretions. SALINE AND SODIC SOIL§ J 2. Solonetz, Brown The soils of this region occur upon the minimum slopes of upland continental sediment plains and upon glacial till plains. They are, for the most part, confined to the southern sections of Phillips and Valley counties, at an elevation of from 2300-3200 fest. They are formed by the interaction of factors including dry_climate, impeded soil drainage, and soluble salts and sodium in the parent materials. The parent materials are glacial drift, from mixed siliceous and subsilicaous sources and rssidium from shalss. The dominant great soil groups present are Solonetz and Brown soils. The Solonetz are highly alkaline and comprise from 40-60 percent of the soil present, and the Brown zonal soils make up approximately 30-50 per- cent of the soil region. 632 RECENT ALLUVIAL SOILS K. 2. Alluvial, Brown. K. 3. Alluvial, Humic Clay. In Montana, this soil region is principally confined to flood plains and terraces. The dominant soils are azonal alluvial and zonal Brown soils. Alluvial soils are young with weakly developed horizons and the parent materials from which these soils are deve10p- ing are extremely variable. This is due to varied sources of sedi- ments which the streams and rivers carry. The soils are frequently calcareous. They range from moderately alkaline to medium acid. The Brown soils present here have already been treated under other soil regions. Humic Clay soils have a thick, black A horizons which are high in organic matter, and overlie gleyed 8 or C horizons. These lower horizons may be massive and gray colored ( C horizons), or they may have an increase in clay and have blocky to prismatic structure (B horizon). The gleyed horizon ( gray color) is due to reduction and removal of iron. These soil are wet most of the year. IMMATURE SOILS ON UNCONSOLIDATED UPLAND MATERIALS AND AELIAN SANDS L. 4. Regosol, Crumosol. L. 5. Regosol, Lithosol, Brewn, Chestnut. In viewing the soil association map on page 26 it is seen that this soil region covers wide areas of central, south-central, and southeastern Montana. The dominant soils are azonal Regosols. As- sociated with these are: Lithosols, Brumusol, Brown and Chestnut soils. The soils primarily occur on dissected undulating or rolling plain with sandstone and shale bedrock. They have developed under grassland vegetation. The Regosol soils are frequently calcareous and vary from mildly acid to moderately alkaline in reaction. Litho- sols vary from medium acid to moderately alkaline in reaction. The remaining associated soils were previously treated. IMMATURE SHALLOW SOILS ON CONSOLIDATED UPLAND MATERIALS MISCELLANEOUS LAIDTTYTZES. ' M. 2. Lithosols, Badlands, Regosol. M. 8. Lithosols, Regosol, Alluvial. The soils of this region have shallow, stony, rocky or weakly ds- vs10ped profiles. They occur mainly in the northeast and southeast ungleciated regions of the Great Plains. ‘Ths major soils of the region are azonal Lithosols. Associated with the Lithosols are: Regosols, Badlands and Alluvial soils. Because of erosion or con- tinual gravitational movement, Lithosols may lack discrete horizons and their profiles are generally stony. The miscellaneous land types. Badlands and Rockland, constitute areas where erosion (wind and/or water) is very active, consequently removing weathered soil material, or where gravitation movements prevent the deve10pment of soil. I NDEX TO TAXA INDEX TO TAXA New records for Montana are indicated with an *, North America **, and new taxa +. These designations are based upon Dr. G.W. Prescott's North American Desmid check list. Also included in the index are taxa to which comparative reference is made in the systematic section of the study, but are not necessarily being reported for the state. Page Actinotaenium ...................,.......................... 74 gg2§§_var. ming§f*...................................... 74 gigggif................................................. 74 var. ggliggmr*....................................... 75 gruelferum* ............................................ 75 fa. latius?’ .................................... 76 fa. migggf’...................................... 76 cucurbitg’ ............................................. 76 fe. lggiggf...................................... 77 var. attenuatum*..................................... 77 cucurbitinum’ .......................................... 78 fe. migggf....................................... 78 var. méflgfigmf ....................................... 79 gggtgm ................................................. 79 fa. mgjgg,....................................... 80 EMF-fill "0000000000000eooeeeeeeeeeeoeoooooeeeeeoee 80 633 634 var. americanum* eeeoooeooeeoeoeeeeeoeeeeeeoeeeeooee fa. migggf ..................................... elonqatum*............................................. var. efricenum ..................................... inconspigggfl_.......................................... subglobosum ‘ ......................................... subtile" ........ .................................... ggylggif .............................................. trachyp01um var. messikomme§;f* oeooeeooeeeeoeeooooeeeo ArthrOdeSmUS .OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.00...OOOOOOOOOCOOCOOO... bifidus‘............................................... var. cruciatus ..................................... var. missionwellsansis ............................. bulnheimii var. subincus .............................. convergefls* ........................................... var. wollei* ....................................... igggg,var. extensus*................................... ver. iggentatus* .. ................................ ver. malaccensigf’.................................. var. xglgggig,‘*.................................... mooarifl+............................................... octocornis ............................................ var. tenuis‘........................................ phémgg,................................................ var. hebridarum .................................... var. occidentalis .................................. Ir81'811 fa. éflt1USCU18 oeooooeeooeeeeooooeooeeeoeoOoeeo Page 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 84 223 224 225 226 226 226 227 228 229 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 231 ‘232 63S tortus‘ 00;.000000000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.00.00.09.000... tgiaggularis*........................................... var. inflatus* ............ ..... ..................... var. subtrianqulagigf ............................... Bambusina .................................................. borreri*............................................. var. qracilescens* .............................. Closterium.................................................. gbggptgmr .............................................. acerosum ..................................... ......... fa.lglgggg£ggf .................................. eciculare .............................................. var. brevius**....................................... ecvtum*................................................. var. ligggf ......................................... var. gagiggilg,...................................... gngustetum* ............................................ var. gagggggiif...................................... var. gracile **...................................... fa. glggggggmf .................................. archerianum ............................................ attenuatUM* ............................................ bailgygggm? ............................................ var. MM“ ....................................... braunii‘................................................ galggpgggm,............................................. var. Easiliansa. 000......00....0..........0........ Page 232 233 234 234 342 343 343 91 91 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 96 97 97 126 97 98 98 99 99 636 Page gggzyr'................................................ 99 gggtgtggf.............................................. 100 var. yggfiiif ....................................... lOO gyntfiigf............................................... 101 92192953; ..........................................'... 126 giagggf ............................................... 102 fe. intermedium**............................... 103 var. arcuatum*...................................... 104 var. excavatum**.................................... 104 var. pggudodiane ................................... 124 ghgggggggiif .......................................... 104 var. malinvergianum* ............................... 105 flaccidum*?............................................ 105 ggggilgj,.............................................. 106 var. intermedium' .................................. 106 var. ten-U8.*OOCCCOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.00.00...00.00.0000... 107 .ifliggporum ............................................ 114 iggggxgmf ............................................. 107 intermedium* .......................................... 10? var. hibggniggmf.................................... 103 12222;; ............................................... 108 var. robustum‘...................................... 109 Jaggiggmf ............................................. 109 ver. breviug*....................................... 109 var. gigggatgg fa. 552222225_....................... 116 Egggziggiif............................................ 110 W 00"00000000000000000000.eoeeoeoooeeeoeeeeooee 139 637 lanceolatum*.............................................. leibleinii ............................................... var. recurvetum*...................................... libellula?................................................ var. igtermediggf..................................... var. interruptum*..................................... limneticum var. F8113X*toeeeeooeeeeooooeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeee var. tenuis .......................................... lineatum ................................................. fa. latius**..................................... littorale*................................................ lunula* .................................................. var. intermedium'..................................... macilentUM*............................................... var. substriatum*..................................... malinverniaiformgg_var. gracilius*........................ gflu1flggn .................................................. moniliferum .............................................. fa..ggggggfigmf*................................. var. concavum'........................................ naviculg*................................................. var.,igfilgtgmf*....................................... nematodes*’............................................... garvulum*................................................. var.'gggggggmf........................................ Var. Obtusum.oeeooeee0.00.0000...0.0000000000000000... var. tailorl;+0OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Page 110 111 112 112 113 113 113 107 114 114 114 115 116 116 117 131 140 117 119 119 119 120 120 120 112 121 121 638 paraCBLQSUM............................................ praelongggf ........................................... fa. 252152;? ................................... fa.‘glggggggmr.................................. pritchardianum* ....................................... var. gliggypunctatum**.............................. pagiggggm,............................................. REEQEE? ............................................... fa. brevius .................................... pseudodianae*.......................................... pseudolunulg*.......................................... pusillum .............................................. ralfsii* ............................ ................. var. hybridum‘......... ............................ fa. $2222}...................................... var. 55i29g;1f...................................... var. gracile* ...................................... var. nggggrgggliggf................................. rostratum.............................................. setaceum............................................... §petsberqensa“........................................ fa. $239 us*‘................................... var. subspetsberggg§2f*............................. striqosum*............................................. striolgtum'............................................ subacutum ............................................. subangulatum**......................................... Page 130 122 122 122 123 123 135 123 124 124 128 140 124 125 125 126 124 127 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 126 130 639 sublaterale*........................................... subulatum ..................................-.......... £2122,................................................. tumidulum.............................................. tumidum*............................................... turgidum*.............................................. var. géQBOtGUm*..................................... Ulna oooooooooooooeoooooooooeeoeeooooeeeeoeeoeoeoooeeee var. recurgatum*ooeeeeooeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeoeeee VBHUS* ooeoeooooooeeooooeoeeoooooooeeeeeeoeeooeo'00.... fa. fléflggfooeooeoeeococooeoe00000000000000.0000. var. 2pp0110210n18*eeeeeooeeeeoooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee var. Cfassum‘cooooe--coo-090000000000-oveoooooeeooo- COSMOClgdiumoeeeeeeeeo-oeeeoeoeeooeeeeeeCeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeooe conStrICtUm’OOOOOOOe00.0.0000...OOOOOOOOOOOCCOOOOOOOOOO pusillum*.............................................. 'leindrocygggg ............................................ brebissonii ......,......,,,.....,,,,...,,.........,.,. var. migggf......................................... g£g§§§_................................................ var. elligticg*..................................... Desmidium ................................................. gpggggggm,........ .................................... var. agggiggf....................................... ‘ggymmetricum*.......................................... Eggggyj_............................................... COQPCtatUM'......................coo-cocooooooooooooooo Page 131 132 138 133 133 133 134 135 135 135 136 136 137 348 348 348 6? 67 67 68 68 345 345 345 346 346 346 640 QPBV11111*..cocoooeooooeeeoeeeoooeeeeeooeeoeeooooooeeoe OCCldBntalB* .........oooeeeoooooooooooe-oeooeoeeeeoeoo SWBPtZII .OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO000.00.00.00000000000' gyastridigm_00.0.0...coo-ooaeooooeeeeeeoeoooeeeeeeeeeeeee'0 VBPTUCOSUM ............................................ EUBStrum o....eeoeoeeeeoeooeoooooeeoooeooeooeoeeoooeeooooee abrugtum var. 18909n55*¢ooooooooooooeoeeeoeooooeeeeeeeo affine‘................................................ gzpullaceum ........................................... ansatum ............................................... fa. biscrobiculata ............................. var. concavum*...................................... var. gifieltiforme .................................. var. robustum ...................................... var. trigorum**..................................... ettenuatum‘........................-................... var. splendens” ................................... bidentatum oeeeeeoeooeeoeeeeeeeoeeeeeoooeeoeooeeoeeooeo var. §pecgosum*..................................... bigglg,var. gigglg_fa. gutwinski ..................... fa.{higggf...................................... fa. mingg,...................................... coralloides var. subintegrum .......................... crassicolle *.......................................... CPBSSUM*..oeeeeeoooeeeeoeeeeeoeeeeooeeoeeoeeoeeeeeeeooo ver. M1Ch193n0n3..eoeeooooeooeeeoeoeeooeeooeeeeeeeoe var. _tUIMII-(iU—m-y‘ 00.000.00.000...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOC Page 346 347 347 307 307 157 157 157 .169 157 159 158 171 171 158 159 159 160 161 162 162 162 163 163 163 164 164 641 fa.'Suboblonqum+................................ deggigylatum*.......................................... var. danqcagg;$f*................................... var. quadrifarium................................... didelta‘............................................... var. everettensiformef.............................. var. truncatum".................................... dubium*................................................ fa. scrobiculatum**............................. var. ornatum*....................................... elegans ............................................... var. 222p§££§flf..................................... everettense*..... ..................................... var. crassum+....................................... evolutum var. guianense*............................... var. integrius *.................................... fa.‘ggggiggmf................................... var. poriferum+..................................... qamaggmf............................................... gemmgtum .............................................. vet. glatUM*oeoooococo...oooooooooeoooooeeeooeeeeeoo hUMBPOSUM oeoeeoeeeooeeococoooooeooo-ooeeoeooe-ooooooeo 1HSU13rC ooooeoeeOoooooooooooooooooeeoeooeeoeoooeeooeoe var. basichondrum’.................................. var. W'ooooooooeoooooooocoo-00000000000000... Var. s_i_1“a.3.1§.cluml I’oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee luetkemgllerl*.......................................-o Page '164 165 166 163 166 157 167 167 153 153 168 169 159 170 173 173 173 174 175 175 175 175 176 '176 177 177 178 642 Page var. ___—“cafniolicu_m-*COOO.00...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.00.... 178 mon num*eoeeooeoeooeoooooeoooococoa-000.000.000.000... 179 weeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 180 var. m ....................................... 170 mm ........ 179 pectingtum var. Eggghylgflgmf........................... 180 var. rostratUM*..................................... 180 PW" 17a Quebescensa*.oooeeee.el0.0.0....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 173 W*'000000Coco-cocoeooeooooooeeeeonoooeoeeooooo 181 §i222§21*oeeeooeoeooooooeeoooocococoooooooeoooooeeooeoo 181 fa. §r0b1CU18tum* 0......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 181 V3?- §Q222§2f00:0000000000coo-000.000.000.000.coo... 181 varo £2Qgg£gfi coo-00.000.000.000eeeoeooeooeeoeeeoooo 182 £E£22££*oeooeeeeeoeooeoooooeeeo-eeooeoeeoeeeooeoeoeeeeo 182 var' R2£££2£2flpeeoooeeeeeeeeeoeeoeoeeoooeeeeeoeeeeee 174 w*eeeeeeeeooneoeoooeeeeeeeoeeeeeeoo.one...goggggg 182 W*eoeooeooeoeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeooeeeeee 183 var. alatum coo-eeeoeo-ooooooeeeeooeoeeeeeoeeeeeoeee 184 fa. fllplflflfli ................................... 184 fa. 2y2l22§+.................................... 185 fa. g;§gggwgf................................... 185 var. Eggggtgmf....................-................. 135 var. rhomboidegm,fa. pgggy oide m**................. 186 var. ggfigggggiif*................................... 186 var. subalatum ..................................... 136 Egflgégzyggn,eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 59 643 Page aCUIBBtUM .o.......00.000.00.00oeeeoeeoeoeoooooeeeeoeeeo 63 brebissonii eeeeeoeeoeeeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeoeee 59 var. intermedium**................................... 60 var. tatricum ....................................... 61 var..Egggigt......................................... 61 var. yglgggg,'* ..................................... 61 kinahani‘............................................... 64 monotaenium .. .......................................«. 52 fa. punctatum ................................... 53 var. pilosellum*..................................... 62 pilgggm,................................................ 62 flyalotheca ................................................. 340 dissiliens.............................................. 340 var. m122;§.......................................... 341 mggggg ................................................. 341 undulate................................................ 341 var. perundulatgf.................................... 342 Micrasterias ............................................... 188 americana .............................................. 188 var. boldtii* ....................................... 191 Egagnxgtggaf................... ........................ 192 confertg*............................................... 192 Eggzrmglitgggif......................................... 193 dacemdentataf........................................... 193 W var. aggylggg*.............................. 194 ggpagpggggg var. kitchelii* ............................ 194 fimbriat *POOOOOOOOOeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeee 194 644 Page fa. spinoea’..................................... 195 jgflgggif................................................ 19S lgtigggg,............................................... 195 var. g5g2§gf......................................... 196 mahabuleshwarensis var. dichotomg ...................... 190 mg;igg§gf............................................... 196 papilliiaae*........... 196 var. speciosa*....................................... 197 pinnatifida............................................. 19? var. pseudoscitans .................................. 198 5g§iaggf................................................ 198 radiate ................................................ 199 var. pseudocrUX*..................................... 199 .gggiggaf................................................ 199 var. 22232g?......................................... 200 fa. elegantior*.................................. 200 ggflgflg; ................................................. 201 fa. gyglgfigf}.................................... 201 thomasiana var. ggtgfigf................................. 203 var. pW**................................... 204 var. gimglgg,........................................ 203 ngggata,............................................... 204 var. maggigiangm? ................................... 204 var. agggamgngif..................................... 205 var. ggmigggigggf.................................... 205 var. uralensis** .................................... 205 W ooeeeeooOOOoooeoeoeeeeeeeeooaoooooooooeooeeeo 206 645 Page Netrium eeoeoeeeeeoeeeeoeeeeeooneeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 71 gigiggg ............................................... 71 var. curtum'........................................ 71 var. lemellosum*.................................... 72 var. ggggglii ...................................... 72 var. £3§£gf......................................... 72 var. rhombOideggf................................... 73 interruptum’....................-...................... 73 gglggggmf.............................................. 73 Egychonema ................................................ 332 filiforme’............................................. 332 12212.var. mipracanthum*............................... 332 £22£2m eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeOeeeeeeeeeeoeeeecocoooogoooogaggoo 87 EEEEEEEEP’P"°°°O000000000000000000...oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoe 87 Eyl$2g22§feeeoooeeeeeeeeoooeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeoeeeee 87 var. SUbtrunCatUM*eeoooeooooeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 87 MMfl'eeeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeoooooeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeee 88 figm*eoeeeeeeeeeeeeoeooeeeeeeeeeoooeoeeoeeecocoon... 88 var. glebberimum ................................... 88 inconspigggm,.......................................... 32 margaritaceUM*........... ............................. 89 var. glggggtgmf..................................... 39 22lxmgrphggf........................................... 89 gilvggggigggg,var. parallelum'......................... 90 ng‘....................................... 90 Pleurotaenium ............................................. 142 2££2l2£2333oooo....................................o... 143 646 Page ggggnagggf.............................................. 143 var. Qgflglgggm ...................................... 144 abrenberqi; ............................................ 144 var. ettenuetum*'.................................... 145 var. gndulatum*...................................... 145 ggggggggf................................. ............. 146 var. wm**eoooooeeeeooeooeeeeeeooeooeeeeeeoeeeeee 146 indiggm? ............................................... 147 miggggmf ............................................... l4? var.‘gigflgg£gmf ..................................... 148 var. g;agilgf........................................ 148 agggggm ................................................ 148 Lnxnflugauf'............................................. 148 £22222glgf.............................................. 149 var. crassum' ....................................... 150 var. elongetum’ ..................................... 150 var. gazing,......................................... 151 var. £32522? ........................................ 151 transatgmf.............................................. 151 var. attenugtum ..................................... 152 32;; ....................................................... 64 campaign? .............................................. 64 var. linnggigg ...................................... 64 22£2§a.var- 222232;,.................................... 140 9W” 65 Sim 00.00.000.000.0IOIOOOOOOOCOOCCOOO0.00.00.00.00. 334 647 aubertianum" oooeeooooeooeeooooooeeeeoeeeoeeeeeeoeoeeeoe var. eggflggif ....................................... excevatum‘ ............................................. var. subouadratUM* .................................. granulatum ............................................. var. trioranulggym_.................................. PunctulatUM*............................................ vertebratum ............................................ wallichii var. gflgllggfl,**.............................. Spinoclosterium ............................................ curvatum’............................................... Spirotaaqig ................................................ condensataf............................................. trebeculataf............................................ Spondxlosium ............................................... moniliforma.oeoeooeoooeoeooooe-eo-cacao-0000000000000... Eli—m 0......00.0.0...00.000.000.00...OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO pUIChellum*eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeee 2y92aggm,var. mggilg? .................................. StflUPflStPUM ooooooeeeeoooeeoeeeeeoeoeoeoooeooooooeeoeeeeeeeo QCUIBQtUM eoeooooeeeoeoooeeoeeeoooooooooooooooooeeeeeeoe var. or“ tUm*ooeoeeoooooeeoooeeeeoeeeeeeeeeo-oeeeeooo gfifiiggf................................................. alternans .............................................. gngtinum var. longibrachiatum* ......................... grgchnge*............................................... grctiscon .............................................. »8PCUatUM var. 8C1CU1168P6. oneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee'eoe'000 Page 334 334 335 335 335 336 336 336 337 142 .142 69 69 69 337 337 338 338 338 236 236 310 236 237 237 238 ~238 239 648 VBP. gyitanonso.*eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeOeeeeeeee gistifewm vet. prBSCOtt1;* eooeeeoeeeeeooooeeeeeeeeeee w Oeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeoeooooeeeeeoee. var. coronulatum* ................................... gyicg10ide§ ............................................ bicorne‘................................................ bienneanugf............................................. var. ellipticum' .................................... boldtianum* ............................................ boreale“ ............................................... boroaanum*.............................................. botroghIIUM'............................................ brachiatum ................. ........................... brasiliense var. lundelli; ............................. brebissogii? ........................................... var. truncetum* ..................................... breviaculeatUM’......................................... brevisginum ............................................ var. alatum* ........................................ var. boldtii ........................................ bgllardii* ............................................. chgetocerae* ........................................... Tao. W‘H'eoeeoeeooooeeeoeooeeoooeoeoeeeeco glgpgygga,.............................................. £13221? ................................................ w .............................................. W. eoeoeeeeeeeooeeeeoeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeee Page 239 240 240 317 252 241 241 242 242 243 310 243 243 244 249 245 245 246 247 246 247 247 248 248 302 249 249 250 649 Corn1CU18tum var. blunguiculatUM* eeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeee var. spinigerum fa. latum“......................... cornutum .............................................. crenulatum* ........................................... cristatum var. jgponicum** ............................ curvatum* ............................................. fa. brevispiggm‘** ............................. var. iflfllgggmf ..................................... curvirostrum” ......................................... Eggpidatum ............................................ var. gglpggggi_..................................... var.‘gigg£gggg ..................................... var. maximum’ ...................................... gyclacanthum var.‘americanum*_......................... ‘gyrtocarum ............................................ dakotii’ .............................................. ggjegtgm,.............................................. var. apiculatum* ................................... var. pgtgflgf ....................................... var. Egggggggf ..................................... dentatum"............................................. denticulgtum * ........................................ dickiei ............................................... var. giggglgggf .................................... var. laEgmf' ....................................... var. maXIMUM‘. ooooeoeoooeooeeeeeeoeoooeooeeoeooeooee var. 1‘hOMbO1dBUM'... ................................ dilatatum. eooooeeeeoeeeeooeeeooeooeoeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeoee 251 251 252 252 253 253 253 253 254 255 240 281 288 255 255 256 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 262 262 263 263 650 fa.,flggiflgggg+ ................................. distentum' ............................................ gybowskii** ........................................... erasum* ............................................... eximium ............................................... floriferum* ........................................... EOTFICUlatlJJl eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee var. cornutiforme* ................................. var. heteracanthum ................................. var. subheteroplophorum fa. simolex**............... fggggggmf ............................................. var. pisciforme .................................... figggiggggm,............................................ fa. armioerum* ................................. fa. eustsphgflgf ................................ galeatum**............................................. var. reductum ...................................... gemellipgggm,.......................................... glabggm,............................................... giggigggmf ............................................ fa. 0 n8fi8“ eeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeee fac.qugdrgte ................................... gracile*............................................... var. gygfihiflggmgf .................................. agenda} ............................................... var. pggggmf........................................ granulosum eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee greenbald;1*.........................................oo Page 254 264 255 265 255 265 266 266 267 257 267 239 253 269 259 270 270 270 271 271 271 271 272 292 273' 274 274 274 651 Qureliense**........................................... hantzschii* ........................................... var; gagggggm,...................................... var. jagonicum ..................................... heimgrlianum .......................................... hexecerum ............................................. inC0n391CUUM eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Var. crassum. 00.0.0000...OOOOOOOOCOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOO énflexum* eooeeeeeeoeoeeoeeeeeeeeoeeoooeoooeeeeeeeeeeee inSigflngOOOOCOOO00......OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOC00.0.00... iotanum* OOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOO0.00.00COIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCC var. tortum** oeoeooooeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee EEEEBQlégg.00.....00....0.0.0.....OOOOOOCCOCOOOOOOOOOO. laCU11f3PUM** oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeee var. BXCBVBtUm ooeoeeeeeeeeeeeeooooooeeeoeeeeeeeeee JEDQfiEflééf eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeee laggg? ................................................ var. latidivergens* ................................ lappggigym?‘........................................... fa. ggpgggggmf ................................. leptoganthum* ......................................... lgggipggf ............................................. var.,lgngibrgchiatqm ............................... longirgdiatum ......................................... var. mistassiniense’................................ louisignicum* ......................................... lungtgm’............................................... magmenSQF.............................................o Page 274 275 275 276 277 278 278 278 279 279 279 280 280 280 281 281 281 282 282 283 283 283 283 284 285' 286 286 287 652 V813. giypicumi’eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeOeeeeeeeeee Eggnifurcatum* eeeeeeeooaeaooaooeooeeoaeoeeeoeeeeoeeee mamillatum*..........................................o manfeldtiif .......................................... var. planctonicum ................................. margaritgceum ........................................ var. gracilius .................................... meriani‘ eeoaaeeoeeeeeaeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeeeeeeoeeoeeeeeee messikomme;iif* ...................................... var. grnaeforme** ................................. micron var. biradiate ............................... minnesotense ......................................... monticulosum* ........................................ var. groenlandicum fa. hastatg'.................... mucronatum’ ................................:......... var. subtriangulare* .............................. mUPiCQtUM* eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee muticum aggogggoggggaaaoaceeoaaoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeee. natator oeeeeeeeeeoeeeeooaooooooeeeeeeoeeoeeeeeeeeeeee var. CPQSSUM*eeeeaeeeeeeeaoeeaeeooaoeeeeeeeeeoeeeee var. rhombodium’ aaeoeeeeeeoaeeeeeeeeeoaeoeeeeeeeee f8. W.,”. cacao-cocoaeeeeeeeoeoeeeaeaa-ee EEQAEEEHE? 00OOOOeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoee ome 1" eeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee OEhiUE: oa-aeaeeeeeoeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeooooeooeeeeeeee OPb1CUIQI‘OI‘. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ver. wPOSSUQ eeeeeeeeeeeecon-eeeeaeeeeeeooeeeeee var. hibern;CUM* eeeaeeeeeeeooeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooee Page 287 267 287 289 292 292 293 293 293 294 294 294 294 322 295 295 296 296 296 297 297 297 297 298 298 298 299 299 653 var. protractum** .................................. var. rglfsii‘ ...................................... fa. mangf' .................................... ‘ggyacanthum var. pglyaccanthum *....................... gagginqgjggn .......................................... pagfixghygghgmf ........................................ var. conver922§f* .................................. paggdoxum ............................................. piggggf ............................................... var. tridentata?“ .........................-........ pinnatum var. gggpinnatum* ............................ var. turbinatugf ................................... planctonicum ......................................... var. ornatum* ...................................... pOthiCUM" eoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeaeoeeeeee var. coronulatum* eeoeeaooeeoooeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaee nglymorghUM* .......................................... pglytrichum '.......................................... fa. bigggiatgmf* ............................... W" .. 922.9299me pseudotetracerum* .a................................... pseudosebaldi ........................................ piggggpggggf’.......................................... punctulatum’ .......................................... var. fijellmanii‘ ................................... pygm BUM. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 'aa‘flflJ2£f* eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeeeoeaeeaee Page 300 300 300 301 256 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 307 307 308 309 309 311 312 281 315 312 313 314 314 654 quadrangulare var. armatum’ .......................... renardii ............................................. ggggggmf ............................................. var. gpronulatum ................................. sebaldi .............................................. var. ornatum ..................................... fa. planctonicg .............................. W‘, eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeooeeeeeeeeeeee sgtiggggm,var. alaskanum* ............................ var. occidentale* ................................. var. pectinatum ................................... sexcostatum* ......................................... var. productum* ................................... smithiif‘ac. triradiatum“ ............................. spgggigggmf .......................................... var. perbifidum* .................................. Striolatum* .......................................... subavicu1§* .......................................... subcruciatum* ........................................ submanfeldtii** ...................................... Myriam: subtelifggum** ....................................... tgliflgrgm, ........................................... tetracerum .......................................... fae BM". oeeoeeeeoeeeeeoeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeee W‘ 000......OOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00...... mmm 0.....OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00...... fae m eoeeeeeeoeoaoeeeeeeeeeeace-eaooeeoeee Page 315 275 315 317 318 318 292 319 319 320 319 320 320 321 321 322 323 324 324 325 325 325 326 326 327 ' 327 275 276 655 var. brevispinum*.................................. var. nananum ...................................... var. trifurcatum ................................. tortum .............................................. trifidum var. inflexum ............................... trihedrale* .......................................... tumidum* ............................................. turoescens* .......................................... var. arcticum ..................................... unicorne" ........................................... varigns ............................................. vestitum ............................................ Zachariasii ......................................... Staurodesmus boldtianus ................................. curvatum var. inflatus ............................... dejectus ............................................ var. boreglis ..................................... mamillgtus ........................................... pgggggpgghxguyggmgn ................................. sibericus var. cggssangglaggg ....................... Tetmemorug .............................................. brebissonii var.‘m$22£? .............................. granulagggf .......................................... var. attenuatos’ .................................. lgggigf .............................................. Eggploceggs ............................................. gmc a. .0.00.0.0....0.00.0.0000...OOOOOOOOOCOOOCOCCO Xanthidium .............................................. Page 276 276 276 328 328 328 328 329 329 329 330 330 243 242 254 254 259 289 311 242 154 154 154 155 155 ' 154 154 209 656 MM 00.00....'OOOOO0.0000000000COOOOOOO.CO... var. agericanum* .................................. var. gallgggmf .................................... var. gggmggif .................................... var. gggyggggn_ ................................... var. limngfiiggmf................................... var. minneapoliense* .............................. var..gligacanthum ................................ var. plgngmf* ..................................... var. polymazon ................................... f. Egguga ..................................... var. quebegpensa ................................. var. subsuryggggm, ................................ armatum var. fissum* ................................ cristatum ........................................... var. hippggggiif .................................. var. leiodermum .................................. var. papilliferum* ................................ var. scrobiculatum ............................... f. papillatum ................................ var. uncinatum fa. ornatum+ ....................... fasciculatum var. oronense** ......................... ,hagtiflgggmf .......................................... var. jgyanicum fa. plagym:* ...................... var. jghggggiif ................................... fa. LEVELQPM ** ............................ ObSOlBtUM ooeeeeaeeeoeoooeeeeeeeoeeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee pSBUdObBfiQBllCUM* aeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Page 209 210 210 210 210 211 212 214 213 213 213 213 210 215 215 ‘218 219 217 216 217 217 220 221 222 222 223 218 210 657 Page SUbhaStifBrUm eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 221 var. johnsonii oooooace.oeoeeoooeoooeeeeoeeeeeeoaa 222 fa. igflgiépinum ooeeeeeooeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 223