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Pogonomyrmex Mean Visitors per Observation ± S.E.M.  slope significance p = 0.000041  ab 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 20 40 60 80 100 Elapsed Time 5 min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 20 40 60 80 100 Elapsed Time 30 min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 20 40 60 80 100 Elapsed Time 120 min D. E. F. NS ab ab ab ab ab b a NS y = -0.028x + 3.87 R! = 0.92509 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 y = -0.028x + 3.49 R! = 0.64241 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 y = -0.038x + 3.89 R! = 0.56897 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 Elapsed Time 120 min Elapsed Time 30 min Elapsed Time 5 min A. B. C. slope significance p = 0.0189  slope significance p = 0.0094  Percent Water in Organic Soil Mb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k!g^:B593!b!(hS!&@!1C62!A9@223?!1!269:F!@H!AG10!;3663?!6@!TTkS!8@93@E39R!673!3G1F23?!6:>3!5C6:G!1C62!;393!;:GG:CB!6@!A9@22!673!AG10!269:F!:CA93123?!G:C319G0!1C?!7:B7G0!2:BC:H:A1C6G0!;:67!F39A3C6!;1639!g^:B593!b!-hS!+G319G0R!;3663?!1C?!26:AQ0!AG10!;12!7:B7G0!1E392:E3!6@!!6*"++,-($./0,1S!/7393!;12!C@!2:BC:H:A1C6!?:HH393CA3!:C!673!3G1F23?!6:>3!5C6:G!!6*"++,-($./0,1!H:926!6@5A73?!1C0!@H!673!AG10!69316>3C62!@H!,WF39:>3C6!U!g^:B593!b!+hR!25BB326:CB!6716!?:HH393CA32!:C!67323!69316>3C62!;393!C@6!?363A61=G3!16!1!?:261CA3!=56!93I5:93?!6@5A7:CB!;7:A7!;@5G?!673C!=3!1AA@>F1C:3?!MT!=0!2@:G:CBS!-3A1523!673!:C639E1G!5C6:G!H:926!6@5A7!;12!27@96R!673!93G16:@C27:F!=36;33C!F39A3C6!;1639!:C!AG10!1C?!3G1F23?!6:>3!H@9!A9@22:CB!;12!G:66G3!?:HH393C6!H9@>!6716!H@9!F39A3C6!;1639!:C!AG10!1C?!3G1F23?!6:>3!H9@>!673!H:926!6@5A7!5C6:G!A9@22:CB!g^:B5932!b!-!E2S!*hR!1G2@!7:B7G0!2:BC:H:A1C6!2616:26:A1GG0S!!!!!"#$%&'!,S!432F@C232!@H!673!719E32639!1C6R!!"#"$"%&'%()*"++,-($./0,1!:C!673!2:CBG3P25=269163!193C1!@H!^:B593!K!12!:CHG53CA3?!=0!;1639!A@C63C6!@H!1!AG10!25=269163S!!,WF39:>3C6!b!PP!":CBG3P"5=269163!(93C1!;:67!26*'5-,1*!!432F@C232!@H!673!;@@?!1C6!6@!AG10!70?916:@C2!;393!E:9651GG0!:?3C6:A1G!6@!67@23!H@9!673!719E32639!1C6!:C!673!2:CBG3P25=269163!193C1S!/73!@CG0!C@61=G3!?:HH393CA3!;12!7:B739!y = -0.0312x + 1.5688 R! = 0.8096 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slope significance p = 0.000067  Proportion Crossing y = 52.553x - 804.73 R! = 0.78638 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slope significance p = 0.00011  Mean Elapsed Time to Cross (sec) ± S.E.M. y = 52.553x - 804.73 R! = 0.78638 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slope significance p = 0.00012  Mean Elapsed Time from 1st Touch Until Crossed (sec) ± S.E.M. Slope significance p = 0.46   Mean Elapsed Time to 1st Touch (sec) ± S.E.M. y = 1.3757x + 291.92 R! = 0.06464 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 B. A. C. D. Pogonomyrmex Percent Water in Clay MN!E19:1=:G:60!:C!673!3G1F23?!6:>3!5C6:G!673!H:926!25=269163!6@5A7!H@9!26*'5-,1!E26*!6*"++,-($./0,1!g^:B593!b!+!E2S!T!+hS!/73!7:B739!E19:1=:G:60!:C!673!?161!H@9!673!;@@?!1C6!;12!?53!6@!673!@AA5993CA3!@H!1!H3;!:C?:E:?51G2!;7@!93>1:C3?!I5:32A3C6!:C!673!93G3123!A71>=39!H@9!1!A@C2:?391=G3!6:>3!=3H@93!A@>>3CA:CB!G@A@>@6:@CS!&3E39673G322R!67:2!@AA5993CA3!71?!G:66G3!:>F1A6!@C!673!@E391GG!@56A@>3S!!!!!!"#$%&'!-S!432F@C232!@H!673!;@@?!1C6R!234/($"#/1.('*'5-,1R!:C!673!2:CBG3P25=269163!193C1!@H!^:B593!KSR!12!:CHG53CA3?!=0!;1639!A@C63C6!@H!1!AG10!25=269163S!!!!!y = -0.0304x + 1.7767 R! = 0.93554 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slope significance p = 0.00000028  Proportion Crossing y = 50.721x - 976.79 R! = 0.95402 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slope significance p = 0.00000005  Mean Elapsed Time to Cross (sec) ± S.E.M. y = 53.114x - 1220.7 R! = 0.97634 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Slope significance p = 0.0  Mean Elapsed Time from 1st Touch Until Crossed (sec) ± S.E.M. Slope significance p = 0.053  Mean Elapsed Time  to  1st Touch (sec) ± S.E.M. y = 9.485x - 2.6925 R! = 0.32508 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 A. C. B. D. Aphaenogaster Percent Water in Clay M`!,WF39:>3C6!T!J!c51C6:H0:CB!"@:G:CB!12!1!^5CA6:@C!@H!+G10!<0?916:@C!!"@:G:CB!12!>312593?!=0!:CA93123!:C!;3:B76!:H!1!261FG3!3C?!:C23963?!:C6@!2>1GG!=16A732!@H!AG10!:CA93123?!G:C319G0!1C?!7:B7G0!2:BC:H:A1C6G0!;:67!F39A3C6!;1639!g^:B593!NhS!/7:2!@56A@>3!=@93!1!269:Q:CB!9323>=G1CA3!6@!6716!H@9!:CA93123!:C!3G1F23?!6:>3!5C6:G!1C6!A9@22:CB2!@H!AG10!269:F2!:C!,WF39:>3C62!b!1C?!T!gA@>F193!^:B5932!b!-!1C?!T!-!;:67!^:B593!NhS!! !"#$%&'!.)!(>@5C6!@H!2@:G:CB!@H!673!3C?!@H!1!261C?19?!F1F39!261FG3!:C23963?!:C6@!AG10!16!E19:@52!G3E3G2!@H!70?916:@CS!!!!!!!!!y = 0.13x - 2.6 R! = 0.93 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Soiling Index (mg clay  on staple ± S.E.M.) Percent Water in Clay Soiling Index Slope significance p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g,?;19?2!MaNKR!)1QC:C!36!1GS!KLLLh!1C?!E1C!?39!V11G2!H@9A32!gY323G!36!1GS!KLLbhS!<@;3E39R!C@!?161!;393!@=61:C3?!H@9!3:6739!1C6!2F3A:32!25FF@96:CB!1C0!1E392:E3!3HH3A6!H@9!@9B1C:A!2@:G!73163?!2@!12!6@!=3A@>3!?370?9163?!=30@C?!1C0!C16591GG0!1661:C1=G3!G3E3GS!!!-@67!1C6!2F3A:32!932F@C?3?!2:>:G19G0!6@!70?9163?!AG10!:C!673!2:CBG3P25=269163!193C1S!<@;3E39R!26*'5-,1!A9@223?!;36!AG10!16!1!2@>3;716!7:B739!H93I53CA0!671C!?:?!!6*"++,-($./0,1!g^:B5932!T!(!E2S!b!(hS!(2!1G931?0!C@63?!1=@E3R!;3!2F3A5G163!6716!673!;@@?!1C6!:2!2G:B76G0!>@93!6@G391C6!@H!>@:26!25=2691632R!G:Q3!67@23!:C!;7:A7!:6!C3262!g%5=3961]]:!KLMKhR!671C!:2!673!719E32639!1C6R!1!?32396!2F3A:32!g+@G3!MaabhS!Ma!!/73!?161!@H!^:B593!N!193!A9:6:A1G!6@!>1Q:CB!673!A123!6716!2@:G:CB!:2!932F@C2:=G3!H@9!673!>312593?!1E392:@C!@H!67323!1C62!6@!70?9163?!2@:G2S!$C?33?R!673!A@993G16:@C!=36;33C!2@:G:CB!:C?3W!1C?!F9@F@96:@C!@H!1C62!93H52:CB!6@!A9@22!25A7!1!AG10!269:F!:2!93>19Q1=G0!7:B7!g^:B593!`h!12!:2!6716!H@9!2@:G:CB!:C?3W!1C?!3G1F23?!6:>3!H@9!A9@22:CB!70?9163?!AG10!269:F2!g^:B593!OhS!!!!"#$%&'!/)!+@993G16:@C!=36;33C!2@:G:CB!:C?3W!1C?!F9@F@96:@C!@H!719E32639!g(h!1C?!;@@?!1C62!g-h!A9@22:CB!@H!70?9163?!AG10!269:F2S!!y = - 0.22x + 1.1 R! = 0.94 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Slope significance p = 0.0014 Pogonomyrmex A. Proportion Crossing y = -0.21x + 1.1 R! = 0.95 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Soiling Index (mg clay on staple) Slope significance p = 0.00095 Aphaenogaster B. KL!!!"#$%&'!0)!+@993G16:@C!=36;33C!2@:G:CB!:C?3W!1C?!3G1F23?!6:>3!H@9!719E32639!g(h!1C?!;@@?!1C62!g-h!6@!A9@22!70?9163?!AG10!269:F2S!!$C!=@67!A1232!67393!:2!1!F9@C@5CA3?!?@21B3P932F@C23!3HH3A6S!<@;3E39R!;1639!1G@C3!>526!1G2@!=3!1AQC@;G3?B3?!12!7:B7G0!1E392:E3!=3A1523!:6!25FF@962!E390!G:66G3!;3:B76!1C?!E:2:6@92!y = 391 x + 79 R! = 0.96 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Slope significance p = 0.00061 y = 385x + 388 R! = 0.91 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Pogonomyrmex Slope significance p = 0.0031 A. Aphaenogaster B. Mean Elapsed Time to Cross (sec) Soiling Index (mg clay on staple)  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