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This is to certify that the

thesis entitled

FEEDING ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS OF THE
ROCK BASS, (Ambloplites rupestris), IN THE RED
CEDAR RIVER, MICHIGAN

 

presented by

Mr. William T. Green

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

 

 

Master of Science degree in Fisheries & Wildlife

WM;

Major professor

Date 9/25/84

0-7639 MSU is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution

 

 

MSU

 

 

RETURNING MATERIALS:
Place in book drop to

 

 

LIBRARIES remove this checkout from

.—3_. your record. FINES will
be charged if book is
returned after the date
stamped below.

 

-’ AbRi i 1999
FEB 2 0 2002

 

I"
”‘1
‘

 

MAY 0 1 2008

s? 4 U ff

 

FEEDING ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS
OF THE ROCK BASS, AMBLOPLITES RUPESTRIS, IN
THE RED CEDAR RIVER, MICHIGAN

 

By

William Thomas Green

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife

1984

ABSTRACT

FEEDING ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS
OF THE ROCK BASS, AMBLOPLITES RUPESTRIS, IN
THE RED CEDAR RIVER, MICHIGAN

 

By

William Thomas Green

The feeding ecology, lengthdweight relationships, condition, and
age and growth of rock bass was studied from September, 1979 to November,
1980. This study was conducted on a small section of a warm water
stream in southern Michigan. Both fish and invertebrates were sampled
from this section.

This species exhibited no apparent habitat differences by size
and foraged mainly in the pools and macrophyte regions along the river
banks. ‘

Diet overlap between the different size-groups was relatively
high. Though high, a feeding shift from a chironomid - mayfly diet among
the smaller rock bass to predominantly a crayfish diet for the largest
was noted.

The rock bass in this stream section are in excellent health as
seen by the high condition factor values (up to 5.06). This apparent
health could be due to the large populations of mayflies, chironomids

and crayfish.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank Dr. Charles Liston, major professor, without

whose assistance this study would not have been undertaken. My appreci—
ation goes to Dr. Stan Zarnoch, Dr. Edward Grafius, Dr. Eugene Roelofs,
Dr. Niles Kevern and Ms. Diane Ashton for many ideas that contributed
to this research. I would also like to thank my field workers,
AndyfiRaddant, JOe Leonardi, Bob Platte, Martha Hardy and Jay Gooch.
Acknowledgement is made to the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife,
Michigan State University, for providing facilities and equipment.
The Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station is especially thanked for
providing assistantship monies. Special thanks are extended to Ms.
Barb Poppema for professional typing service.

I dedicate this study to my wife, Cathy Green, who helped in all

aspects of this research.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ................................................... iv

LIST OF FIGURES ......OOOOOOOOO0.000.000.0000. ...... OOOOOOOOOOOOOO Vi

INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA .................................... 3

mummSAMqumuMS..n.u.”.n.u.n.u.n.u.n.n.n.u.u. 12
Invertebrate Food Resources ..... ............................ 12
Rock Bass: Field Sampling .............. ............ ... ..... 14
Rock Bass: Food Analysis ...... ............ .... ........... .. 15

Rock Bass: Age, Growth, and Condition ........ ........ ...... 17

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................. ........... . ....... ....... 19

Invertebrate Food Resources ...... ........ ....... ........ .... 19
Rock Bass: Feeding Ecology ............ ...... . ...... ........ 21
Rock Bass: Length-Frequency Distribution ...... ..... ........ 43
Rock Bass: Length-Weight Relationship ........ ...... .. ...... 45
Rock Bass: Condition Factor .............. ..... ............. 46

Rock Bass: Age and Growth ............ ...... . ............... 46

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............ ...... ........... ............. 54

LITERATURE CITED ............................ ...... .. ...... ...... 56

APPENDIX ................ ......... ............ ...... .... ....... .. 59

iii

Number

10

11

12

13

LIST OF TABLES

Stream temperature and flow of the Red Cedar River
during various sampling dates in 1980 ........... ..........

Total number of invertebrate samples taken monthly
from each habitat, in the Red Cedar River, 1980 ...........

Major invertebrate taxa listed in decreasing order
of abundance for each habitat, Red Cedar River,
Spring, 1980 .0 ...... 00.00.00. ..... 0000000000000. ...........

Major invertebrate taxa listed in decreasing order of
abundance for eaCh habitat, Red Cedar River, Summer,
198000000000... 000000000 00.000 00000000 0000.00.0000 000000000

Major invertebrate taxa listed in decreasing order
of abundance for each habitat, Red Cedar River,
Fall, 19800000000000... 00000000000 00000000000 000000000 00000

Food analysis of rock bass (total length 30-74 mm)
taken from the Red Cedar River, Michigan .......... ....... ..

Food analysis of rock bass (total length 75—104 mm)
taken from the Red Cedar River, Michigan ..... ...... ........

Food analysis of rock bass (total length 105-134 mm)
taken from the Red Cedar River, Michigan ....... ............

Food analysis of rock bass (total length 135-174 mm)
taken from the Red Cedar River, Michigan ........... . ........

Food analysis of rock bass (total length 175-214 mm)
taken from the Red Cedar River, Michigan .............. .....

Dietary overlap between size-classes of rock bass
(Levins index) ... ..........................................

Length-frequency of each age class of a sample of
rock bass taken from the Red Cedar River, 1979-1980 ........

Condition factors of a sample of rock bass taken
from the Red Cedar River, Spring 1980 ......................

iv

11

13

22

23

24

25

27

29

32

34

40

44

47

Number

14

15

16

17

Condition factors of a sample of rock bass taken

from the Red Cedar River, Summer 1980 ........ .........

Condition factors of a sample of rock bass taken

from the Red Cedar River, Fall 1979—1980 ..... .........

Summary of age and growth of a sample of rock bass
taken from the Red Cedar River between September,

1979 and November, 1980 ..... ..........................

Mean back-calculated total lengths (mm) for rock

bass from four studies ...... ............... ........

49

50

52

Number

LIST OF FIGURES

Map of the Red Cedar River in Michigan showing

study site and major tributaries ..... ..... ..... ..........
Map of lower Michigan showing the study area . ........ ....
Map of the study area on the Red Cedar River .............

Vi

INTRODUCTION

The rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris, is the primary organism used

 

in this study. Taxonomically, the rock bass is in the sunfish family
Centrarchidae. Scott and Crossman (1973) state that the native range

of the rock bass is restricted to the fresh waters of east-central North
America. This range has been significantly enlarged through intro—
ductions into the eastern coastal plain, Colorado, Wyoming and other
western states.

The rock bass generally inhabits rocky areas in shallow water in
relatively cold lakes, and the lower, warm reaches of streams. Hallman
(1959) stated in his study of an Ontario stream that rock bass occurred
in open downstream waters of relatively high temperature and large volume
of flow with much quiet water. This species was generally found in
pools or other quiet areas of a stream (Hallman 1959).

An interesting aspect of poikilotherms at cold temperature lati—
tudes is the simultaneous presence in the population of several distinct
age-groups. It would be advantageous to a species if each age—group
could be channeled toward different resources or habitats, thus lessening
the likelihood of intraspecific competition. Yet such divergence
might complicate relationships with other species. Successful inte-
gration into an ecological system then must also involve a compromise

between these two factors (Keast 1978).

Pianka (1974) notes that intraspecific and interspecific competition
may often have opposite effects on a population's tolerance as well
as on its use of resources and its phenotypic variability. Intra-
specific competition can often act to increase the variety of resource
and habitats utilized by a population. Interspecific competition, in
contrast, generally tends to restrict the range of habitats and resources
a population uses. Since these two forces oppose each other, in theory
at equilibrium the sum total of intraspecific competition should be
balanced by the sum of all interspecific competition. Actually, this ;
is not quite true because inherent genetic and physiological limitations
must also restrict the range of habitats and resources used by an -
organism (Pianka 1974).

One of the most important resources "competed" for in an environ-
ment, both intraspecifically and interspecifically, is food. Yet,
studies on the feeding ecology of fishes have rarely emphasized seasonal
aspects and the diets of individual age (size) groups within Species.
Further, few researchers have attempted to explain feeding shifts by the
simultaneous study of flucuations in the food resource base. These
questions are addressed here for the rock bass.

Since several life-history parameters, particularly age, growth
and condition, can indicate the suitability of a certain environment
for a species, these parameters are also investigated.

Although dietary studies have been carried out on fish from the
Great Lakes region for over 50 years, the food niches of relatively few
have been properly delineated. This is a prerequisite to an under-
standing of interspecific relationships, proper management, and future

studies on secondary productivity.

DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

The Red Cedar River, a tributary of the Grand River, is a slow-
flowing warm water stream located in the south-central portion of the
Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The river rises in Cedar Lake (285 m above
sea level), Marion township, Livingston County (TlE, R3E) and flows
in a northwesterly direction about 31 km through Livingston County
and then flows for about 47 km.westward through Ingham County, reaching
its confluence with the Grand River (249 m above sea level) within the
city of Lansing (Figures 1 and 2). The Red Cedar River receives the
waters of twelve major tributaries, the largest being Sycamore Creek,
and drains a'total area of about 1,222 km2 (Linton 1964).

The section of the river chosen as a study area was near the
Me43 bridge, 8 km east of East Lansing, Michigan. This area is 300 m
long bounded downstream by a log jam and upstream by a sharp bend in
the river. The average width was approximately 18 m (Figures 1 and 3).

The bottom of this site consisted mainly of sand and gravel with
detritus and silt found primarily in the pools. This collecting site
has been described by others (Linton 1964, 1967; Vannote 1961; King
1962; Horton 1969) and has been referred to as Zone II. In those
studies the Red Cedar River was divided into five zones which were
believed to represent somewhat distinct ecological communities. Zone

II was described as the cleanest of the five zones.

Figure 1. Map of the Red Cedar River in Michigan showing study
site and major -ributaries.

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Figure 2. Map of lower Michigan showing general location of study
area.

 

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Figure 3. Map of the study area on the Red Cedar River.

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10

This site was Chosen for its abundance of rock bass and its variety
of distinct habitats which included a riffle area, several pools, a

large area of lizard's tail (Saururus cernuus) along the river's edge,

 

a large sandy bottom zone and an abundance of submerged logs.

Cladophora.sgx.and Fontinalis novae-angliae were attached to the

 

 

rocks in the riffle area and also on some submerged logs. In the

sandy bottom zone small beds of Sagittaria.sgi were noted and also

 

Sagittariasflxn.was found around the edge of the pools. The river banks

 

were predominately wooded with a small roadside park found along the
eastern bank.

Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) were abundant in the study

 

area. Other fish noted were the yellow bullhead (Ictalurus natalis),

 

pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), silver

 

 

lamprey (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis), black crappie (Poxomis nigromaculatus),

 

 

 

 

northern pike (Esox lucius), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni),

northern hogsucker (Hypentelium nigricans) and several species of darters

 

(Percidae) and minnows (Cyprinidae).
Water temperatures and flow rates of the Red Cedar River during

various sampling dates are given in Table 1.

11

Table 1. Stream temperature and flow on the Red Cedar River during
various sampling dates in 1980.

 

 

Stream 1Flow at 2Flow at
temperature Williamston East Lansing
Date (0C) (CFS) (CFS)
5-3—80 14 120 283
5-24-80 17 183 283
6-21-80 16 61 152
7-19-80 23 29 44
8—16-80 19 34 65
9-20-80 16 123 254
10-25-80 9 66 170
11-22-80 2 48 100

 

1Flow determined by USGS approximately 6 km upstream of study site;
maximum flow was 455 CFS on 3—21-80.

2Flow determined by USGS approximately 8 km downstream of the study

site; maximum flow was 1000 CFS on 3-19—80.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Invertebrate Food Resources

 

The purpose of the invertebrate sampling was to describe fluctuations
in the seasonal abundance of potential fish food organisms. The
sampling area was divided into five habitats: (Site A) the edge of
the stream lacking macrophytes, (Site B) the edge of the stream where
lizard's tail predominated, (Site C) a riffle area, (Site D) pools,and
(Site E) the sandy bottom zones found in the middle of the stream.
Submerged wood was considered separately.

A Surber sampler (area enclosed = .093 m2) was used in sampling
sites D and E and an Eckman dredge (area enclosed = .023 m2) was used
in sampling sites A, B, and C to quantify the invertebrates in these
various habitats (Hynes 1970). Submerged wood was hand picked with
each sample comprising approximately 1 m2 of wood surface. In addition,
four drift nets were set two hours before sunrise and removed at sun-
rise on each fish sampling date. Though no attempt was made to quantify
drift samples, a good qualitative record emerged. Sampling was monthly
from 5/4/80 to 11/23/80. Table 2 gives the total number of samples
taken from each habitat.

The Surber samples were washed into white enamel pans and hand

picked in the field. The dredge samples were sieved and all organisms

12

13

Table 2. Total number of invertebrate samples taken monthly from each
habitat in the Red Cedar River, 1980.

 

 

 

Sites
Date Drift Wood A B C D E
5/4 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
5/25 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
6/22 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
7/20 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
8/17 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
9/21 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
10/26 4 4 8 3 3 4 5
11/23 4 4 8 3 3 4 5

 

Total
number 32 32 64 24 24 32 40

 

14

not passing through a number 18 sieve (mesh size 1 mm) were preserved.
All invertebrates were preserved in 75% ETOH.

All organisms were identified to family and many were identified
to generic or species level using the following taxonomic references:
Hilsenhoff 1975; Merrit and Cummins 1978; Usinger 1956; Brown 1976;
Pennak 1978; Wiggins 1977; Edmunds et al. 1976; Borror et al 1976.
Numbers per square meter were calculated for all habitats except sub-

merged wood.

Rock Bass

Field Sampling

 

Fish were collected monthly from 5/3/80 through 11/22/80. Sampling
began at 30 minutes before sunrise and continued until a predetermined
number of individuals were taken or until stream conditions curtailed
sampling. Keast and Welsh (1968) determined that maximum feeding takes
place during two periods of the day: several hours after sunrise and
several hours before sunset. In a pilot conducted on 11/23/79, I com—
pared weight of stomach contents to body weight and arrived at basically
the same conclusion since the largest ratios occurred at approximately
the same times Keast and Welsh noted.

Rock bass were sampled with a Smith-Root, Type VII, backpack elec-
troshocker. Upon capture, fish were immediately placed on ice to pre—
vent further food digestion and regurgitation of the stomach contents
(Doxtater 1963). Fish were then killed by puncturing the brain with
a probe, 10% formalin was injected into the abdominal cavity to further

hinder food digestion, and whole fish were preserved in 10% formalin.

15

An attempt was made to capture 25 rock bass per sampling period, but
because of high water and lack of visibility this was not accomplished
during the fall.

Individuals were weighed on a spring scale (g), and standard
lengths (mm) and total lengths (mm) were recorded. Scale samples were
removed from the side of the rock bass, just below the lateral line,
directly under the spiny-dorsal fin. The scales were put in standard
scale envelOpes with data on both standard and total length, weight

and the date of collection recorded on the envelope.

Laboratory

 

Food Analysis. In the laboratory the stomachs were excised and

 

the very small fish were reweighed for accuracy. The stomachs were
opened and all food organisms were identified to family level whenever
possible. Data from each food type were analyzed as follows: percent
frequency of occurrence of a food item, percent of total number of all
food items eaten, and the percent of the total weight of all foods
eaten. These three methodstall contain biases which limit the use-
fulness (If any one method. For example, the percent of total numbers
method gives high values to small, frequently eaten food items such as
cladocerans, but yields very low values for large items such as cray-
fish eaten in small numbers. The percent weight method gives values
biased in the opposite direction. George and Hadley (1979) in an
attempt to decrease these biases by offsetting them against one another
used a single index termed the relative importance index (RI).

George and Hadley (1979) state that the relative importance index

for (a) (R18) is derived from the absolute importance index for (a)

16

(Ala) as follows: AIa = % frequency of occurrence + % total numbers
+ % total volume for food item (a); RIa = 100 Ala/ g1 AIa where n is
the number of different food types. In this studyé-weight was used
instead of volume.

The denominator used in this study was comprised of broad taxo—
nomic categories (generally classes), though the numerator was often
comprised of a narrower taxonomic category. For example, the RIa of
Ephemeridae may use in the denominator the Ala's of Insecta, Arachnida

and Crustacea, instead of using the AIa's of Ephemeridae, Libellulidae,

Elmidae, Hyallela azteca, Orconectes spp., Hydracarina etc. This

 

 

leads to a more stable index than one that uses the narrower taxonomic
categories in the denominator. The index in the latter case is vari—
able depending on the taxonomic divisions used. A weakness of this
index is the use of equal weights for the three combined indices which
might not reflect the importance of each food item.

Mean annual and seasonal dietary (niche) overlap between five
different size classes were determined as follows:

S

s
aji (niche overlap) = Z P, P, / z Pizh
h=1 1h Jh h=1

where aji is the overlap of species j on species 1 relative to the
niche breath of species i for all h sample types of resources 3; Pij
is the prOportion of a particular item h in the diet of species i;
Pjh is the proportion of a particular item h inthe diet of species j
(Levins 1968). Relative importance index values were used in these

dietary overlap calculations. In the above mentioned formula, size

class was substituted for species wherever applicable (Keast 1978).

17

,Age, Growth and Condition. The scales from each standard scale en-

 

velOpe were pressed between two glass slides, then examined on a micropro-
jector and annuli were counted. The distance from the center of the

focus to each annulus and to the extreme anterior edge of the scale were
marked on a straight ruled sheet of paper. Ages were markedtnieach scale

envelope as the number of annuli present on the scale.

 

S

LT '-—a
Using the Lee method, L = a + S
n n T

a linear equation was derived. Ln is equal to the length of the fish at

a given age; L is the length of the fish at the time of capture; Sn

T

is the length of the scale to the annulus of interest; S is the length

T
of the entire scale at the time of capture, and (a) is a constant (y -
intercept) which has been frequently interpreted as the body length
at which scales first appear on the fish. Lagler (1956) states that
this interpretation is approximately correct, but it cannot be accepted
as a generalization, since the intercept is negative in certain species.
The Lee method assumes a linear relationship between body length
and scale length which was verified film this sample (the correlation
coefficient of the linear regression was 0.9776). Back-calculated total
lengths were derived using Lee's method, and an (a) value of 20.667 mm
was used. Also calculated were the weighted total length averages for
each age class. Mean annual increments and relative growths were cal—
culated between each age class.
The rock bass were sorted into 10 mm incremental classes for length-
frequency analysis and length - frequency was compared with fish age.

The length - weight relationship of rock bass was calculated using

W = aLn, where W = weight (g), L = standard length (mm), and (a) and

18

(n) are constants. When expressed in logarithmic form, a linear equation

is formed: ‘log W = log a + n log L.

The coefficient of condition was calculated for each age group and

for each season using the formula K = W/L3 where W = weight (g) and

L = standard length (mm).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Invertebrate Food Resources

 

Appendix A (Tables A1-A9) summarizes the invertebrate distribution
by season and habitat and by month and habitat.

Seasonal variations among the non-insect invertebrates were generally
not noted. The only fluctuationnoted was with the seasonal size vari-

ation of the crayfish (Orconectes SPF-L Many small, presumably young

 

of the year, crayfish were captured after May, whereas in May predomi-
nantly larger crayfish were taken. This may be due to the release of
third instar crayfish from the pleOpods of the female crayfish (Pennak
1978) between my sampling dates of 5/25 and 6/22.

Some seasonal abundance changes were noted among the mayflies
(Ephemeroptera). Hexagenia.spp naiads were most prevalent in the

spring, although they were found during all seasons. Tricorythodes

 

naiads, Baetis spp. naiads and Caenis spp. naiads were found in large
numbers in the spring with only a slight reduction of their numbers
noted in the summer, but they virtually disappeared from fall samples.

The opposite occurred with Leptophlebia.qnx naiads and Paraleptophlebia

 

spp naiads where their spring and summer numbers are quite small, but
their fall populations were large.
Two genera of stoneflies (Plecoptera) showed extreme seasonal

numerical variations. Taeniopteryxffifll naiads were found only in the

 

19

20

fall samples and were quite numerous during this season. Perlesta spp.
naiads, in marked contrast, were found almost only in the spring samples.

Though many of the invertebrate groups at the family and generic
levels seemed to have no gross habitat preference, some did show a
marked preference for one or two types of habitats.

0f the non-insect invertebrates, the leeches (Hirudinea) showed
a strong preference for the quiet water area of the pools, as did the
snails (Gastropoda) and worms (Oligochaeta).

A strong habitat preference was noted among some of the mayflies.

Hexagenia spp. naiads, Caenis spp. naiads and Tricorythodes spp. naiads

 

were found predominantly in pool areas, whereas Isonychia spp. naiads,

Baetis spp. naiads, and Pseudocloeon spp. naiads were most numerous in

 

the large riffle area. Though the family Heptageniidae was found in
several habitats, naiads of this family were quite common on submerged
wood.

0f the stoneflies, Perlesta spp. naiads showed a slight preference
for the riffle area.

Among the Odonata, Calopteryx spp. naiads were found both in the

 

macrophytes of the pools as well as along the bank. Stylurus spp.
naiads were mainly found in the sediments along the banks and in the
pools.

The true bugs (Hemiptera), except for the family Corixidae, were
found too rarely to determine any habitat preference. Corixidae did
Show a marked preference for the pools.

0f the Megaloptera, Sialis spp. was found in the sediments of the

pools and river's edge.

21

Several groups of Caddisflies (Tricoptera) showed habitat pre-
ferences. Hydropsychidae larvae, though found in all habitats, were

most numerous in the Cladophora spp” which was attached to the rocks

 

in the riffle area. Leptoceridae larvae were most common on the sub-
merged wood and also on the lizard's tail along the river's edge.
0f the beetles (Coleoptera), both the adult and larval stages of

Macronychus glabratus were found predominately on the submerged wood.

 

Paraponyx spp.a moth larvae (Lepidoptera) was found mainly on the
macrophytes along the river's bank.

Some invertebrates, such as crayfish were not sampled in relation
to their abundance due to their mobility. Other groups such as Gyrinidae
and Gerridae were not captured due to the benthic nature of most of
the sampling.

Zooplankton, an unimportant component of most streams (Hynes 1970),
was not sampled.

To further summarize the invertebrate distribution by season and
habitat, the seven most abundant invertebrates are listed in decreasing

numbers in Tables 3, 4, and 5.

Rock Bass

Feeding Ecology

 

The mean seasonal and mean annual diets of five different size
classes of rock bass expressed as percent of occurrence, numbers, and
weights, and the relative importance index are given in Tables 6-10.

Fall values should be cautiously interpreted because of the small numbers
of rock bass used in the analysis. Also soft bodied organisms may be

under~represented because of differential digestion rates.

Table 3. Major invertebrate taxa listed in decreasing order of
abundance for each habitat, Red Cedar River, Spring, 1980.

Drift

Leptophlebia Spp.
Hyallela azteca
Pseudocloeon spp.
Chironomidae
HydrOpsychidae

Perlesta spp.
Limnephilidae/Corixidae

 

 

 

Edge without Macrophytes

 

Chironomidae

Hyallela azteca
Oligochaeta

(Larvae) Dubiraphia spp.
Ceratopogonidae
Limnephilidae
Tricqrychodes spp.

 

 

 

Riffles

Hydropsychidae
Hyallela azteca
Chironomidae

Perlesta spp.

(Adult) Stenelmis spp.
(Adult) Dubiraphia spp.
Baetis spp.

 

 

Sandy Zones

 

Chironomidae

Sphaeriidae

Hyallela azteca

Hydropsychidae

Leptoceridae

(Adult) Stenelmissnnxl Gastropoda

 

Wood

Hydropsychidae

Chironomidae

Hyallela azteca

Stenonema spp.

(Adult) Macronychus glabratus

 

 

Limnephilidae
Polycentropodidae

Edge with Macrophytes

 

Chironomidae

Hyallela azteca
Hydropsychidae

Hexagenia spp . /Limnephil idae
Simuliidae

Tricorychodes spp.

 

 

Pools

Chironomidae
Oligochaeta
Hyallela azteca
Hexagenia spp.
Tricorychodes spp.
Ceratopogonidae
Sphaeriidae

 

 

Table 4. Major invertebrate taxa listed in decreasing order of abundance
for each habitat, Red Cedar River, Summer, 1980.

Drift

Hyallela azteca
Chironomidae
Hydropsychidae
Paraleptophlebia spp.
Baetis spp.
Simuliidae
Tricorythodes spp.

 

 

 

Edge without Macrophytes

 

Chironomidae
Hydropsychidae

Hyallela azteca
Sphaeriidae

(larvae) Dubiraphia-spp.
Sialisspp.

Gastropoda

 

 

Riffles

Hydropsychidae
Chironomidae

Hyallela azteca
Simuliidae

Baetis‘spp.
Pseudocloeon SPP-
(adult) Stenelmis spp.

 

 

 

Sandy Zones

 

Chironomidae
Simuliidae
Sphaeriidae
Hydropshchidae
Baetis spp.
Gastropoda
Oligochaeta

Wood

Hyallea azteca

Hydropsychidae

(adult) Macronychus glabratus
Stenacron

Baetis spp.

Stenonema spp.

Chironomidae

 

 

Edge with Macrophytes

 

_§yallela azteca
Chironomidae
Hydropsychidae
Limnephilidae
Polycentropodidae
Gastropoda
Simuliidae

 

Pools

Oligochaeta

Hyallela azteca
Chironomidae

(Larvae) Dubiraphia spp.
Sialis spp.

GESIIOpoda

Sphaeriidae

 

 

Table 5. Major invertebrate taxa listed in decreasing order of abundance
for each habitat, Red Cedar River, Fall, 1980.

Drift

Taeniopteryx:spp/Simuliidae

Hydropsychidae

Hyallela azteca/ Baetis spp/
(adult) Gyrinus Spp.

Sialisspp.] (adult) Liodessus snu/
Chironomidae

 

 

Edge without MacrOphytes

 

Oligochaeta
Leptophlebia spp.
Chironomidae
Taeniopteryx spp.
Paraleptophlebia spp.
Hyallela azteca
Limnephilidae

 

 

 

 

Riffles

Chironomidae
Hydr0psychidae
Taeniopgeryx_spp.
(adult) Stenelmis spp.
(adult) Dubiraphia spp.
Simuliidae spp.
flyallela azteca

 

 

 

Sandy Zones

 

Chironomidae

Ceratopogonidae

Taenioptegyx.spp.

Sphaeriidae

Hydropsychidae

Oligochaeta

(larvae) Dubiraphia spp/ Tipulidae

 

Wood

Chironomidae

(Hyallela azteca
Hydropsychidae

(adult) Macronychus_glabratus

 

 

Stenonema spp.
Stenacron spp.

Edge with Macrgphytes

 

Leptophlebia spp.
Hyallela azteca
Paraleptophlebia spp.
Chironomidae
Taeniopteryx spp.
Sialis spp.

 

 

 

 

 

Polycentropodidae

Pools

Oligochaeta

Taeniopteryx

Leptophlebia /Chironomidae

 

Hyallela azteca
Hirudinea/ Hydropsychidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000
00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 000000
00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0000000
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00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 0000000000000
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00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000
00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 .000 mmmmmmmmm
00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00000020000
00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 0 0 0 0 00. 00.0 00.00 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00000000
00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 0.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 0000000000000
00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 000 00.00 0000000
00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 0000000000:
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00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000 00000000
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00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 00000000000000
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00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 0000000000 0000000
00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00. 00. 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0000000000 0000000
00 00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 000000000
00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 000000000
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00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00000000000000
00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0000000
00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 .000 00000000
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33

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35

The diet of the 30-74 mm size-class, made up of primarily one

year old fish, is summarized as follows:

1.

In the Spring major food items were mayfly naiads, predomi-
nantly Baetidae and Tricorythidae, Chironomidae, both pupal

and larval stages, were also important food items.

In the summer mayfly naiads were again important, though a
feeding shift to different families occurred (Ephemeridae

and Heptageniidae) although Baetids were still a major food
component. This change does not seem to follow from a changing
mayfly fauna as Table A1 indicates. Other important food

items were Corixidae, Hydropsychidae larvae and crayfish.

A large amount of plant material also was noted in the stomachs.
Crayfish young-of—the-year had appeared between June and

July samples and thus were small enough for the larger fish
of this size-group to feed on.

In the fall, LeptOphlebiidae naiads became a large food com-
ponent, which patterns the seasonal nature of Leptophlebiidae.

Corixidae, Hyallela azteca, and adult Tricopterans were other

 

important dietary components.

The yearly summary shows that mayflies of the familes pre-
viously noted were the most important food component. Other
organisms that made up much of this size—group's diet were
crayfish, Corixidae, Hydropsychidae larvae and Chironomidae
larvae and pupae.

It appears that this size-group of rock bass was foraging

predominately in the macrophyte areas along the river banks

36

and in the pool areas. Some utilization of the invertebrates

on submerged wood was noted.

The diet of the 75—104 mm size-class, made up primarily of two and

three year old fish, is summarized as follows:

1.

In the spring mayfly naiads were an important food item for
this size-class though no particular family was preferred.
Crayfish increased in importance as a food item. Corixids
and both the larval and pupal stages of Chironomidae were
noted as major food items. Fish comprised an intermediate
position in dietary value.

In the summer mayfly naiads and crayfish were the major food
items. Heptageniidae and Hexagenia spp. were the major mayfly
groups consumed, although corixids and larval hydr0psychids
were also of importance. A large amount of wood was also noted
in the stomachs.

In the fall mayfly naiads were the most prevalent food item.
This component was made up of the families Caenidae and
Leptophlebiidae. The only other food item noted was larval
limnephilids.

The yearly summary shows that mayfly naiads were the largest
dietary component of 75-104 mm rock bass, with Hexagenia spp.
predominating. Crayfish closely rivaled the mayflies in
importance. Larval hydropsychids and corixids were also
important food items.

The 75-104 mm rock bass appeared to be foraging in the same
areas as the previous 30-74 mm size—group, for example, the

still water areas of the pools and macrophytes.

37

The diet of 105-135 mm rock bass, made up primarily of three and

four year old fish, is summarized as follows:

1.

In the spring, mayfly naiads were amajor food component,
though less in importance than with the 30—74 mm and 75—104 mm
rock bass. Isonychia spp.was the most prevalent mayfly
consumed. Crayfish increased in the rock bass diet and were
equal in importance to the mayflies, Many terrestrial in—
vertebrates, adult beetles (Coleoptera) and sowbugs (Isopoda),
comprised a major portion of the 105—135 mm rock bass diet.

Wood appeared as a large component in many stomachs.

The 105-135 mm rock bass seem to be feeding higher in the
water column then the other two smaller sizevgroups and
closer to the banks as indicated by the larger number of
terrestrial invertebrates found in the stomachs. This group
appeared to have utilized the pools and areas adjacent to the
submerged logs in greater frequency than the smaller size-
groups. I

In the summer mayfly naiads (Heptageniidae and Hexageniaspp.)
and crayfish.were the food items of most importance. Corixidae
and Hydropsychidae larvae were also major dietary components.
A large amount of wood was found in the stomachs.

In the fall two seasonal invertebrate groups (Taeniopteryx

 

spp)and Leptophlebiidae naiads) made up a major portion of

the rock bass diet. Spiders (Araneae), presumably taken from
the water column, were an important item in the diet, Corixidae,
Hexagenia Spp naiads, Hydropsychidae larvae and Dytiscidae

adults were also major food items.

four

The

and

38

The yearly summary shows that the major food components were
crayfish, mayfly naiads (Heptageniidae and Hexagenia spp.),

Corixidae, and larval hydropsychids. Wood was found in many
of the stomachs throughout the year.

The 105—135 mm rock bass were foraging in the same areas as

the smaller size-groups, though feeding seemed to be less

in the macrophytes and more in the pool areas adjacent to

the submerged wood.

diet of the 135-174 mm size—class, made up equally of three,
five year old fish, is summarized as follows:

In the spring crayfish were as important to the diet of these
rock bass as all other food items combined. Many terrestrial
adult beetles and terrestrial earthworms (Oligochaetalpwere
consumed. Mayflies diminish greatly in dietary importance
when compared to the smaller rock bass. Perlesta spp.naiads
were an important food item.

In the summer crayfish again dominated the diet. Other in—
vertebrates of dietary importance.were.Hexageniaspp. naiads
and Hydropsychidae larvae. Wood appeared as a major item

in the stomachs.

Since only one fish.in this sizergroup was captured during
the fall, no summary will be made concerning fall diet.

The yearly summary shows that crayfish were the most impor-
tant food item. The only other major items eaten were
Hexagenia spp.naiads. Wood appeared in many of the stomachs.
Since crayfish are quite mobile, no habitat foraging infor—

mation can be deduced from this prey. But since Hexagenia

39

sp. were also taken quite frequently and much incidental
wood appeared in the stomachs, the same areas as the other

size-groups are presumably being foraged.

The diet of the 175—214 mm size-class, primarily six year old
fish is summarized. Care must be taken in drawing generalized dietary
conclusions about this size-class because of the small number of fish
used.

1. In the spring crayfish were the most important food item.
Snails (Gastropoda), Isonychia naiads and fish were of
lesser dietary importance.

2. In the summer crayfish were of greatest dietary importance,
with snails also an important food item.

3. No fish were captured in this size-group during the fall.

4. The yearly summary shows crayfish as the major food com-
ponent. Other important food items were snails and fish.

5. No foraging information could be gathered from the small

amount of dietary information gathered.

In this study dietary shifts are seen between the smallest size-
groups to the largest. But these dietary shifts are not as drastic
as has been recorded in other studies (Keast 1977, Keast and Webb 1966).
The rock bass in this study went from a predominately mayfly -
chironomid diet for the smallest size—groups to finally a crayfish
diet for the largest size-groups. These partial dietary similarities
are born out by the relatively high dietary overlap figures found in
Table 11. Though the overlap figures are relatively high, the seasonal

figures in general are lower than the yearly averages. Since only

40

Table 11. Dietary overlap between size-classes of rock bass (Levins
index). The first figure represents (’ij’ and the
second figure a .
\ji
M
Fish (j)
length (mm) 75-104 105-134 135-174 175-214
30-74 .34/.62 .35/.40 .37/.26 .14/.07
(1)75-104 .59/.63 .75/.44 .70/.29
105-134 .06/.6l 1.18/.46
135-174 .94/.65
Summer
(3')
Fish
length (mm) 75—104 105—134 135-174 175-214
30-74 .76/.65 .78/.68 .68/.40 .83/.25
(19 75-104 .90/l.01 1.03/.75 .94/.37
105-134 l.O7/.65 1.02/.35
1.09/.56
Fall
Fish (j)
length (mm) 75-104 105—134 135-174
30-74 .25/.28 .27/.32 .21/.06
(1) 75-104 .06 0/0
105-134 .77/.19
Year
Fish (J)
length (mm) 75—104 105—134 135-174 175-214
30-74 .91/.76 .87/.65 .80/.39 .75/.20
(1) 75-104 .99/.91 l.O9/.63 1.11/.38
105—134 1.09/.7O 1.08/.4O
135-174 1.13/.63

 

 

 

 

41

taxonomic categories are considered, intraspecific competition may be
lessened by feeding on different sizes from the same taxon of prey.
Keast (1977) states, "Prey size selection is extremely important.

Even though two or more age classes may be taking a single resource,
they are commonly selecting individuals of different sizes. There are
some cases of an earlier growth stage being taken by younger fish and
a later one by the next oldest age class of fish."

Several other explanations may account for these relatively high
overlap figures. If the food items preferred by the rock bass were
extremely abundant then dietary separation between the size-classes
would be drastically lessened. This seems to be at least a partial
explanation as can be seen from the invertebrate estimates (Appendix).
Also, since most organisms found in the stomach were only identified to
family level, different genera may be consumed by different size-groups
and hence food separation would be maintained.

Keast and Webb (1966) listed the food in Lake Opinicon, Ontario,
taken by rock bass as follows: Up to 70 mm - chironomids (found in
50% of the specimens examined), Ephemeroptera (35%), Odonata (30%),
Cladocera (40%), Amphipoda (30%), Isopoda (15%), surface insects (35%);
between 71 mm and 199 mm - Odonata (75%), Ephemeroptera (35%), Tricoptera
(35%), fish (30%), Crayfish (15%); between 120 mm and 200 mm — almost
entirely Crayfish and AniSOptera. This study shows many similarities
to the diet of Red Cedar rock bass. Major differences are due to a
lack of age 0 fish in the Red Cedar study and the possible lack of a

major zooplankton component in the Red Cedar River.

42

Green (1979) in a study conducted on the St. Mary's River, a
large river in Michigan, found three major diet changes in the life
cycle of the rock bass. In small rock bass, (18-47 mm) zooplankton and
small amphipods dominated the food; in medium sized rock bass (48-

115 mm) a shift was seen toward large insects; and in the large fish
(116-199 mm), crayfish were the dominant food item.

Thus both in the studies conducted by Green (1979) and Keast
and Webb (1966) a much greater dietary shift is seen than in this
study.

The habitats used for foraging are primarily the still areas of
the stream, such as the pools and the banks with macrophytes. Inver—
tebrates are being consumed directly from the submerged wood. Some
feeding is being done on the surface, as noted by a large number of
terrestrial organisms found in the rock bass diet.

Almost all rock bass captured were from areas of high cover such
as under submerged wood and the macrophyte areas of the pools and banks.
Generally, smaller rock bass were captured in the macrophytes, whereas
larger rock bass were taken from under submerged wood.

Dewberry (1978) states that seldom was a rock bass found in the
riffles. The rock bass were usually captured in the quieter areas of
the stream especially in areas with abundant cover. This conclusion
is born out very well in this study.

The rock bass appears to be a generalist in feeding behavior as
concluded from the vast number of different food items eaten. Though
primarily feeding on benthos, surface organisms were also consumed.

Keast and Webb (1966) state that rock bass specialize on large bottom

43

living insects. One peculiarity was noted in the diet of rock bass.

Though the adult riffle beetle (Macronychus glabratus) was found in

 

large numbers on submerged wood, not one was found in the stomach of
a rock bass.

Rock bass were found at 2°C with food in their stomachs, a con-
tradiction to a report by Keast (1968) that stated that rock bass
cease feeding below 7.00C. This indicates that the growing season of
rock bass may be longer than previously noted.

Any follow up study should use a larger section of the stream,
from which a greater number of rock bass could be captured and their
stomach contents analyzed. This would give a clearer picture of the
diets of the rock bass for all seasons. An effort should be made to
capture young—of-the—year and to determine their frequency in the
population. Since crayfish were the major dietary component of the
larger rock bass a better assessment of the crayfish population and
habitat preference should be made.

Finally an attempt should be made to take all invertebrates con—
sumed by the rock bass and identify them to generic level. This should
also be done with all invertebrate samples. This along with a size
analysis of the prey consumed should answer the question: are the
different size—groups of rock bass segregating their prey items by

size and genera?

Length-Frequency Distribution

 

The length-frequency distribution of a sample of rock bass is
summarized in Table 12. The smaller size categories are not a re-

flection of the relative numbers in the sample area but show the bias

44

Table 12. Length-frequency of each age class of a sample of rock
bass taken from the Red Cedar River, 1979-1980.

 

TL (mm)
at capture 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII

 

15-24
25-34 2

35-44 4 1

45-54 1 5

55-64 11 2

65-74 13 3

75-84 5 18

85-94 14 2

95-104 11 13

105-114 6 11 l M
115-124 2 11

125-134

135-144 6 15 2
145-154 4 2
155-164 1
165-174 1 1
175-184 3
185-194

195-204

205-214

HHNN-tb

 

45

of the sampling method. Age 0 fish ( < 45 mm in total length) were
not visible for netting after electroshock and hence were under-
sampled. Each age group encompasses many different size categories.

Many of the size categories encompass three different age groups.

Length-Weight Relationship

 

The relationship between weight in grams and standard length in
millimeters for a sample of 208 rock bass taken in 1979 and 1980 was
log W = -4.200 + 2.912 log S.L.. The correlation coefficient was
.9874. The relationship can also be expressed as W = (6.31 x 10‘5)

2.912

(S.L.) This compares quite well with a sample of rock bass

taken from the same area in 1978 W = (5.37 x 10-5) (S.L.)z'97

(Green
1978). Thus a 100 mm standard length rock bass would, using the first
equation, weigh 42.1 grams whereas the latter formula would give the
same length fish a weight of 46.7 grams.

Hile (1941) found the weight-standard length relationship to be
log W = -4.54 + 3.003 log S.L. for rock bass in Nebish Lake, Wisconsin.
Thus a 100 mm long fish would weigh 29.2 grams.

Scott (1949) found the weight-standard length relationship to

be log W -4.153 + 2.908 S.L. for the Tippecanoe River, Indiana.
A 100 mm long fish using this formula would weigh 46.0 grams.

The relationship between standard length and weight within the
same species is influenced by many factors. Variability in water tem-

perature, flow rate, food availability as well as temporal differences

all would influence this parameter.

46

Condition Factor

 

Seasonal condition factors for a sample of rock bass are summarized
in Tables 13, 14, and 15. The coefficient of condition as an.expression
of robustness has been used to indicate the suitability of an environ-
ment for a species. Carlander (1944) developed a Minnesota standard
for condition (K): if K was under 3.1 the condition was poor, if the
average was between 3.5 — 4.1 the condition was average, and if the
condition factor was over 4.3 the p0pulation's health was deemed
excellent.

Using those standards this sample of rock bass was in excellent
health during the spring with values between 4.09 - 5.06. Since sampling
did not begin until 5/3 the possible winter stress that may have lead
to lower values has been suppressed. Thus this population of rock bass
seems to be in good condition for the spawning season.

The summer condition values ranged from 3.65 - 4.16 and were the
lowest seasonal values. This may be due to the energy expenditure
used in spawning. Also, lower flow rates and warmer water temperatures
may influence this parameter.

In the fall, condition increased to values between 4.11 - 4.51.
Flow rates increased and the water temperature had decreased. Because
of the autumnal' leaf fall, the aquatic invertebrate community has in-
creased in activity and thus food availability for the rock bass may

have increased. This would then be reflected in a higher K value.

(Age and Growth

 

Table 16 summarizes the growth history of a sample of rock bass

taken from the Red Cedar River between 9/79 and 11/80. Caution is

47

Table 13. Condition factors of a sample of rock bass taken from the
Red Cedar River, Spring 1980.

 

 

Number SL SL Weight Weight Condition Factor
of Range Mean Range Mean Mean: std. deviation

Age fish (mm) (mm) (3) (g) in parenthesis

I 10 60-35 49 8—2 5 4.62 (2.11)
II 23 83-45 63 30-4 13 5.06 (1.03)
III 13 115-69 90 71-19 35 4.61 (0.82)
IV 9 140-94 108 110-38 60 4.56 (0.48)

V 3 142-112 132 120-62 101 4.26 (0.13)
VI 3 165-146 152 222-143 171 4.76 (0.17)
VII 0 - — _ _ _

VIII 1 172 172 208 208 4.09

 

48

Table 14. Condition factors of a sample of rock bass taken from the
Red Cedar River, Summer 1980.

 

 

Number SL SL Weight Weight Condition factor
of Range Mean Range Mean Mean: std . deviation

Age fish (mm) (mm) (g) (g9 in_parenthesis

I 17 58-43 '50 10-3 5 3.93 (0.94)

II 19 81-62 73 22-10 16 4.12 (0.44)

III 24 105-71 87 50-16 28 4.15 (0.41)

IV 15 120-88 107 64-34 50 4.05 (0.46)

V 4 140—130 134 104-78 92 3.84 (0.37)

VI 6 155-139 145 159-100 128 4.16 (0.28)
VII 0 - - - - -

VIII 1 165 165 164 164 3.65

 

49

Table 15. Condition factors of a sample of rock bass taken from
the Red Cedar River, Fall 1979-1980.

 

 

Number SL SL Weight Weight Condition factor
of Range Mean Range Mean Mean: std . deviation
Age fish (mm) (mm) (g) 4(g) ingparenthesis
I 8 62-38 51 12-2 6 4.11 (0.69)
II 14 95—60 77 36-10 21 4.29 (0.57)
III 14 135-82 106 90-28 52 4.23 (0.48)
IV 7 125-97 107 82-40 53 4.28 (0.43)
V 6 140-103 128 124-57 95 4.51 (0.37)
VI 1 133 133 100 100 4.25
VII 0 - - - - -

VIII 0 - - — — _

 

50

Table 16. Summary of age and growth of a sample of rock bass taken
from the Red Cedar River between September, 1979 and
November, 1980.

 

Number T.L. at

 

of capture
Age fish (mm), I II III IV V VI VII VIII
0 8 35.3 1
(6.3)
I 35 63.7 43.6
(9.4) (4.9)

II 56 88.6 45.2 70.0

(13.3) (5.4) (7.7)
III 51 116.9 45.4 70.2 93.7

(18.2) (6.2) (8.6) (12.1)
IV 31 136.1 45.7 72.7 95.2 113.2

(12.2) (7.3) (10.9) (10.9) (22.5)
V 13 164.6 48.3 74.0 97.0 120.9 142.5

(12.5) (7.2) (10.9) (10.2) (10.8) (10.3)
VI 10 183.3 44.4 66.4 86.7 110.4 130.8 154.8

(13.3) (4.6) (10.0) (10.5) (8.0) (11.5) (11.0)
VII 0
VIII 2 210.5 44.0 60.5 79.8 95.2 108.8 134.5 166.9 174.8

(5.0) (2.2) (6.9) (13.0) (16.0) (16.4) (22.1) (22.1) (10.9)
Weighted
Average 43.4 70.6 93.6 113.8 135.2 151.2 166.9 174.8
Mean
Annual
Increment 27.2 23.0 20.2 21.4 16.2 15.5 7.9
Relative
Growth (Z) 62.7 32.6 21.6 18.8 12.0 10.2 4.7

1Standard deviation

51

advised in arriving at any general conclusions for the length of age
seven and eight year old fish because of the samll sample size utilized
in the back calculations.

Table 17 compares mean back-calculated total lengths for rock
bass from four studies. Three of the studies, Green (present study),
Linton (1964) and Green (1978) are from approximately the same section
of the Red Cedar River. Beckman's (1941) data is from Standard Lake,
Michigan. Green (present study) and Green (1978) have very similar
values, which would be expected since these studies were done in the
same area with only a one to two year difference in sampling times.
Though Linton's (1964) data were collected in the same area, the 16
year separation makes his calculations no closer than Beckman‘s (1941)
data to this study.

Growth histories between different bodies of water and even within
the same body but from different years may differ for many reasons.
Growth is an end product of the environment the rock bass is living in.
Thus when environmental factors that impinge upon growth vary temporally
or spatially, the consequences are differing growth historie‘s.- Some
of these environmental factors would be different water temperatures
which could affect the rate of growth as well as the length of the
growing season, different flow rates for rivers, and the multiple
differences between rivers and lakes. The abundance of food organisms
for each stage in the fish's life history which could promote growth
in certain stages but not in others must also be taken into account.
The population densities and even genetic capacities for growth of the

fish must be considered.

52

 

 

 

Table 17. Mean back-calculated total lengths (mm) for rock bass
from four studies.
Number

of Mean back-calculated total lengths for rock bass
Study Fish I II III IV V VI
Green
(Present
study) 198 43.4 70.6 93.6 113.8 135.2 151.4
Linton
(1964) 1285 40.9 71.3 109.7 144.9 166.3
Green
(1978) 219 45.0 69.4 92.1 116.7 144.5 172.2
Beckman
(1941) 583 39.6 67.8 93.6 121.0 153.1 186.9

 

53

Linton (1964) states, "It has become obvious during the course
of this study that the direct comparison of calculated lengths of fish
from one area with those of another area is of little value when based
on small, localized samples. The observed growth of fish in the five
zones of the Red Cedar River varied enough so that sampling from one
station in the river could not be considered even a good represention
of this river."

Annuli formation occurred between 5/3 and 5/24 for most rock
bass. This corresponds quite well with Linton's (1964) approximation.
May 1 was assumed to be the date of annulus formation by Linton.
Linton (1964) states that Beckman (1943) arrived at this date for south-
central Michigan. Annulus formation begins at approximately 11.7OC
(Beckman 1943). Linton (1964) concluded that the growing season on
the Red Cedar lasts six months. In this study annulus formation occurred
at higher water temperatures, somewhere between 13.90C and 16.7OC.
These temperatures were only for the two sampling dates 5/3 and 5/24,
and temperature may have been lower for the three weeks between these

sampling dates, though it seems unlikely.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The feeding ecology, length composition, length-weight relation-
ships, condition and age-growth of rock bass were studied from a small
section of a warm water stream in Michigan from September, 1979 to
November, 1980.

This species exhibited no apparent habitat difference by size, and
foraged mainly in pools and macrophyte regions along the river banks.
Invertebrates were also consumed directly from submerged wood. Rock
bass avoided foraging in areanwith little cover such as the sandy
zones found in the middle of the stream and in areas with a swift
current, such as riffle areas.

Diet overlap between the different size-groups was relatively high.
Though high, a feeding shift from smallest rock bass to largest was
apparent. The smallest (30-105 mm) fed predominately on chironomids
and mayfly naiads. Intermediate size fish (105-174 mm) consumed mainly
crayfish and mayfly naiads, whereas the largest individuals (175-

214 mm) consumed almost exclusively crayfish.

The relationship between weight in grams and standard length in
millimeters was low W = 04.200 + 2.912 log S.L.

The condition factors (K) varies by season. The spring condition
values were between 4.09 - 5.06. Summer values were lower and ranged

from 3.65 - 4.16. The fall condition factors were between 4.11 - 4.51.

54

 

55

The average mean back—calculated total lengths as expressed in
millimeters for this sample of rock bass were: age I - 43.4, age II
- 70.6, age III - 93.6, age IV - 113.8, age V — 135.2, age VI — 154.4,
age VII - 166.9, and age VII - 174.8.

In this section of the Red Cedar River, the rock bass seem to be
in excellent condition as indicated by high condition factor values.
Also, the large size attained by the different age-classes points
to this same conclusion.

The robust health of this rock bass population must be related to
the large populations of the major food items: mayflies, chironomids
and crayfish. This great abundance of food would explain the high
overlap figures since intraspecific competition for food would be

lessened if the food items competed for are in large numbers.

LITERATURE CITED

LITERATURE CITED

Beckman, W. C. 1941. Increased growth rate of rock bass, Ambloplites
rupestris (Rafinesque), following reduction in the density
of the population. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 70: 143-148.

. 1943. Annulus formation on the scales of certain Michigan
fishes. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts, and Lett. 28: 281-
312.

Borror, D. J., D. M. Delong, and C. A. Triplehorn: 1976. An in-
troduction to the study of insects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
New York. 852 pp. '

Brown, H. P. 1976. Aquatic dryOpoid bettles (Coleoptera) of the
United States. Water pollution control research series,
18050 ELDO4/72. U.S. Environmental Protection Agnecy. 82 pp.

Carlander, K. D. 1944. Notes on the coefficient of condition, K,
of Minnesota fishes. Minn. Bur. Fish. Res. Invest. Rept.
41: 41 pp.

Dewberry, T. C. 1978. Some aspects of the pOpulation ecology of the
smallmouth bass in a small Michigan stream. Master's thesis,
Mich. State Univ. 67 pp.

Doxtater, G. D. 1963. Use of ice water to prevent regurgitation of
stomach contents of fish. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 92:
68 pp.

Edmunds, G. F., Jr., S. L. Jensen, and L. Berner. 1976. The mayflies
of North and Central America. Univ. Minnesota Press,
Minneapolis. 330 pp.

George, E. L. and W. F. Hadley. 1979. Food and habitat partitioning
between rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and smallmouth bass
(Micropterus dolmieui) young of the year. Trans. Amer. Fish.
Soc. 108: 253-261.

 

 

Green, W. T. 1978. The life history of the rock bass from the Red
Cedar River. Unpubl. Manuscript, Mich. State Univ., Dept.
Fish.and Wildlife.

56

57

Green, W. T. 1979. Rock bass, Ambloplites rgpestris, food habits
in the St. Mary's river drainage. Unpubl. Manuscript, Mich.
State Univ., Dept. Fish. and Wildlife.

Hallman, J. C. 1959. Habitat and associated fauna of four species
of fish in Ontario streams. J. Fish Res. Board Canada
16 (2): 147-173.

Hile, R. 0. 1941. Age and growth of the rock bass, Ambloplites
rupestris in Nebish Lake, Wisc. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci.,
Arts, and Lett. 33: 189—337.

Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1975. Aquatic insects of Wisconsin, with generic
keys and notes on biology, ecology and distribution. Tech.
Bull. Wisc. Dept. Nat. Res. 89: 1-52.

Horton, W. M. 1969. Species composition and distribution of fish
of the Red Cedar River system with detailed description of
collecting stations. 'Master's thesis, Mich. State Univ.
198 pp.

Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. Liverpool
University Press, Liverpool. 555 pp.

Keast, A. and D. Webb. 1966. Mouth and body form relative to feeding
ecology in the fish fauna of a small lake, Lape Opinicon,
Ontario, Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada. 23 (12): 1845-

1867.

Keast, A., and L. Welsh. 1968. Daily feeding periodicities, food
uptake rates, and dietary changes with hour of day in some
lake fishes. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada. 25 (6): 1133-1144.

Keast, A. 1968. Feeding biology of the black crappie, Pomoxis
nigromaculatus. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada. 25 (2): 285-297.

 

. 1977. Mechanisms minimizing intraspecific competition

in vertebrates, with a quantitative food study of contrasting
strategies of two centrarchid fishes. Evol. Bio. 10: 333-
395.

. 1978. Feeding interrelations between age groups of pumkin—
seed (Lepomis gibbosus) and comparison with bluegill (L,
macrochirus). J. Fish. Res. Board of Canada 35: 12-27.

 

 

King, D. L. 1962. Distribution and biomass studies of the aquatic
invertebrates of a warm water stream. ‘Master's thesis,
Mich. State Univ. 96 pp.

Lagler, K. F. 1956. Freshwater fishery biology. Wm C. Brown Company
Dubuque, Iowa. 421 pp.

58

Levins, R. 1968. Evolution in changing environments: Some theo-
retical explorations. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton.

Linton, K. J. 1964. Dynamics of the fish populations in a warmwater
stream. Master's thesis, Mich. State. Univ., 71 pp.

1967. The dynamics of five rock bass pOpulations in a
warmwater stream. Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State Univ. 102 pp.

Merritt, R. W. and K. W. Cummins. (ed.). 1978. An introduction to
the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall and Hunt,
Dubuque, Iowa. 441 pp.

Pianaka, E. R. 1974. Evolutionary ecology. Harper and Row, New
York. 356 pp.

Pennak, R. W. 1978. Freshwater invertebrates of the Unites States.
John Wiley and Sons, New York. 803 pp.

Scott, D. C. 1949. A study of a stream pOpulation of rock bass,
Amblgplites rupestris. Invest. Indiana Lakes and Streams.
3: 169-234.

 

Scott, W. B. and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.
Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. Bulletin 184.
966 pp.

Usinger, R. L. (ed.). 1956. Aquatic insects of California. Univ.
Calif. Press, Berkeley. 508 pp.

Vannote, R. L. 1963. Community productivity and energy flow in an
enriched warm-water stream. Ph.D. thesis, Mich. State Univ.
156 pp.

Wiggins, G. B. 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera.
Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto. 401 pp.

APPENDIX

59

Table A1. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2 for
A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River. First line under each
taxonomic heading pertains to spring 1980; second line,
summer 1980; third line, fall 1980.

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA

Ascellus Spp . 0 0 2 0 0 0 O
0 0 7 0 0 4 0
0 0 0 O 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 6.9 12.1 678 285 572 268 53
5.6 49.3 72 119 116 199 12
.3 27.4 117 112 31 196 3
TURBELLARIA 0 5.4 2 7 3 4 0
0 1.7 5 12 4 4 6
0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0
ARANEAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 O 17 0
GASTROPODA 0 1.2 7 33 10 29 9
.2 1 4 19 28 5 42 25
0 .6 44 3 2 60 1
CHILOPODA 0 .1 0 0 0 O 0
O O O 0 0 0 0
0 O O 0 0 0 0
PELECYPODA o o o ' o o 11 o
0 O 0 2 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
Sphaeriidae 0 0 14 12 30 47 84
0 0 67 18 17 36 80
0 0 25 6 29 6 47

DECAPODA
Orconectes spp. .1 .3 2 10 8 0 O
.1 0 8 2 1 7 5
0 0 3 0 0 0 0
OLIGOCHAETA .2 O 345 33 13 647 3
.1 0 544 11 2 1486 23
0 0 278 9 10 468 26

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

60

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
HIRUDINEA 0 O 0 9 O 11 6
0 0 2 6 0 26 0
0 0 O 2 O 87 0
HYDRACARINA 0 .1- 2 7 13 11 0
.2 0 2 0 7 0 7
0 0 14 0 O 0 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Adult .1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 .1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Ephemeridae
Hexageniaspp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ephemeridae
Hexageniaspp. .5 .1 26 60 5 173 0
.2 O 4 9 0 11 9
0 O 8 7 0 22 0
Heptageniidae
Stenacronspp. .3 5.0 2 6 1 0 O
.3 10.4 6 23 18 0 3
O 2.3 6 3 9 O 0
Stenonemaspp. 0 11.0 2 14 17 0 0
.2 8.0 0 12 45 O 6
0 2.6 4 O 18 O 6
HeptageniaSpp, 0 0 0 1 2 0 O
.1 .1 0 0 0 0 0
O O 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Heptageniidae 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 O O O 0 0
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia spp. .6 2.5 0 0 18 0 0
.1 2.9 0 2 16 4 1
0 0 O O 2 0 0

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes SPP- .9 1 27 49 13 80 0
.4 2.5 16 11 8 22 5
O .3 O 0 0 O 0
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella spp. .2 .3 O 12 30 7 0
0 .2 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 0 0 O O 0
Baetidae
Baetisspp. .2 1.0 5 27 36 4 O
2.2 8.8 5 0 53 11 32
.3 .5 0 0 4 0 0
Centroptilum spp. 0 0 2 0 O 0 O
.1 .1 O 0 O 4 1
0 0 O 0 0 0 O
Cloeon spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.1 O 2 2 O 0 0
O O O 0 0 0 0
Pseudocloeon Spp. 4.1 0 0 8 27 0 0
.3 .1 O 0 49 0 7
0 0 0 0 9 O 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. .1 .1 8 17 21 40 0
O O 4 3 4 22 2
O 0 6 0 0 6 0
Brachycercus Spp. 0 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 2 0 0 4 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Polymitarycidae
Ephoron spp. O 0 4 O O O 0
.1 O 5 O 2 0 9
O 0 0 0 0 O 0
Leptophlebiidae
Leptgphlebia spp. 7.9 .2 0 0 O 0 O
0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 .8 237 304 11 212 9

Continued

62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table A1. (Continued)
Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Paraleptophlebia spp. 0 0 0 0 O 0 0
2.3 0 4 6 0 4 0
0 .2 120 64 8 6 2
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae .1 O 4 22 O 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
O 0 O 0 O 0 O
Acroneuria spp. O 0 0 O O O 0
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
O 0 14 O 0 O 0
Perlesta<Spp. 1 1 2.5 6 46 135 1 0
0 .1 0 O 0 0 1
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
Phasgonophora spp. O 1 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 O 0 0
Perlinella spp. 0 O 0 0 O O O
0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 3 2 0 O 0
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx 0 O 0 0 1 0 0
O 0 0 O O O 0
7 .7 153 41 231 283 65
Perlodidae
Isoperla spp. O 0 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 O
.1 0 0 O 0 O 0
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 3 O 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enallagma spp. .4 .1 6 8 16 0 3
3 .1 1 6 1 0 O
0 O 4 10 0 0 O
Argia spp. 0 .1 O 0 O 0 O
0 .3 0 2 3 0 0
O 0 0 0 18 0 0

Continued

63

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C

Calopterygidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 l 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Calopteryx Spp. 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
.1 0 0 10 O 4 1
O 0 0 8 O 6 O

Gomphidae
Gomphurus Spp. 0 0 7 0 1 0 6
0 0 4 1 0 4 O
O O 8 0 0 0 1
Gomphus spp. 0 0 2 O 0 0 0
0 0 0 O 0 4 0
0 O 3 0 0 0 0
Stylurus spp. 0 0 3 0 0 7 0
O 0 4 0 0 7 0
0 0 3 0 0 11 0

Aeshnidae
Basiaeschna spp. O 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 O 0 O
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bayeria Spp. 0 0 0 O 0 O 0
0 O 0 1 0 0 O
0 O 0 2 O O O

HEMIPTERA

Corixidae 1 .2 2 O l 4 0
.3 0 2 2 O 29 O
.3 0 3 6 0 38 3
Nepidae O 0 0 O 0 0 0
.2 0 0 0 O O 0
0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Belostomatidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.1 0 0 2 0 O O
O 0 0 4 0 0 O
Gerridae O 0 0 0 O 0 0
.2 0 O 1 0 O 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

64

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
Pleidae 0 O 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 O 1 0 0 1
0 0 O 2 O 0 0
Veliidae 0 O 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Tingidae O 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 O 0 0 O O 0
HOMOPTERA
Aphidae 0 O 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 2 6 0
Psyllidae O 0 O 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 O 0 0
0 .2 0 0 O 0 0
MEGOLOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .4 0 22 7 1 18 0
.1 .2 33 9 3 76 5
.2 0 3O 19 9 44 1
Corydalidae .
Corydalus spp. 0 .1 0 0 O 0 O
0 0 0 0 3 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sisyridae
Sisyra Spp. O 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 .1 0 0 O 0 O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae 0 .4 O 2 28 0 5
0 0 1 0 6 O 0
O O O 0 0 O 0
Adult 0 0 2 0 0 O 3
.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 O O 0 0

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

65

 

 

 

- Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E

Adult Hydropsychidae .3 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 O 0 0 0 0

Hydropsychidae 1.2 69.3 25 99 712 40 35
2.8 20.1 77 76 1411 11 44

.4 25.8 26 10 345 87 39

Limnephilidae 1.0 7.5 37 60 22 33 9
0 1.3 4 59 3 O 17

0 .2 71 13 O 38 1

Pupae Limnephilidae 0 O 0 37 0 O O
0 2 O 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Adult Limnephilidae .1 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 O 0 0 0

Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 4 0 3
0 .5 0 0 0 0 0

0 .3 2 0 6 6 0

Pupae Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 9

Adult Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 O 1 O 0
.1 0 0 0 0 0 O

0 0 0 0 0 O 0

Hydroptilidae 0 0 O 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0

0 O 1 O 2 O 0

Leptoceridae .2 .1 22 7 6 15 12
.2 .1 9 2 3 4 0

0 0 0 2 0 0 O

Polycentropodidae 0 6.3 1 8 13 4 0
0 2.7 2 31 1 0 1

0 4.5 3 18 6 11 2

Glossosomatidae 0 0 2 1 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 13 O 0

0 0 O 0 0 0 0

Continued

66

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Mblannidae O O 2 0 O O 0
0 .1 0 O O 4 7
0 0 O O 0 0 0
Philopotamidae O 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 2 0 O 1 O 0
0 0 O O 0 0 0
Psychomyiidae 0 0 O 0 0 O 0
0 0 O 0 1 0 O
0 0 .0 0 0 0 O
Brachycentridae O O 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 4 O 0 0 0
0 O O 0 2 6 0
Odontoceridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 O 0 14 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
COLEOPTERA

Adult Elmidae
Stenelmis spp. .2 .5 15 6 90 17 9
.1 1.4 O 15 29 4 1
0 1.1 0 0 72 0 3
Dubiraphia Spp. 0 .3 13 5 39 4 O
.1 1.2 12 12 26 0 0
O 1.8 0 4 54 0 1
Macronychus_glabratus .8 10.7 2 2 0 0 0
.1 18.4 0 6 O 0 0
O 3 9 O 2 O 0 O
Angyronyx variegata .2 .1 0 0 0 O 0
O 1.1 O 1 O 0 O
0 O 0 O 0 0 0

Elmidae

Stenelmis Spp. O .2 10 1 20 12 1
2 1.1 15 6 26 4 16
0 0 4 O 13 6 4
Dubiraphia Spp. .2 O 77 7 6 33 0
0 0 35 10 1 138 9
0 6 22 7 0 6 10

Continued

67

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A C
Macronychus glabratus 0 2.1 0 0 0 0 O
.1 1.5 0 O O 0 0
O .5 0 0 O 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata O 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 3 O 0 O 0 0
0 2 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Haliplidae
Peltodytes spp. .7 .1 O 0 0 O 0
0 O 0 O 0 0 O
O 0 0 0 O 0 O
Haliplus Spp. 0 O O 0 0 0 O
.1 O 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
Haliplidae
Peltodytes spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 1 0 O O
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Gyrinidae
Gyrinus Spp. 0 0 0 0 0 O 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 O
3 0 0 O 0 0 O
Dineutus spp. 0 0 0 0 O 0 0
.1 0 0 O O O O
0 O O O 0 0 O
Gyrindae
Gyrinus Spp. .1 0 O 1 0 4 O
O 0 0 3 O O 2
O 0 0 O 0 O 0
Dineutus spp. 0 O 0 4 0 0 0
0 .1 0 0 6 0 3
O O 0 0 0 0 0
Psephenidae
Psephenus spp. .3 0 0 0 1 4 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 4 0 0

Continued

68

 

 

 

 

 

Table A1. (Continued)
Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C

Adult Dytiscidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O .1 O O 0 O 0
0 O 0 0 O 0 0
Hydroporus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 .2 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
Liodessus Spp. 0 0 O 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 O O O
.2 .3 0 0 0 O 0

Dytiscidae
Hydrgporus spp. 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0
O O O 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Staphylinidae 0 0 2 O 1 4 0
0 0 O O O 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Trogositidae 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
O 0 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Helodidae

Cyphon Spp. 0 O 0 0 0 0 0
0 .1 0 0 0 0 O
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Hydrophilidae 0 O 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 0 0
Hydrobius Spp. O O 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 O
Crenitis Spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Carabidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.1 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued

69

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

Habitat2

Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Adult Curculionidae 0 0 2 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Nitidulidae 0 0 2 0 1 4 O
.1 1 0 0 0 O 1
0 0 0 O - O 0 0
Adult Cleridae 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Chrysomelidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 2 0 0 4 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LEPIDOPTERA
Noctuidae 0 0 2 0 0 4 O
0 0 O O 0 O O
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Geometridae .1 0 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 0 O

Pyralidae
Paraponyx spp. 0 0 0 0 O O O
0 0 O 1 1 0 0
0 0 3 8 O 0 1

DIPTERA

Pupae .1 0 0 1 0 0 O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Adult Chironomidae .2 .2 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 0 4
Pupae Chironomidae ' .9 .3 11 3 10 15 3
0 .1 2 2 4 4 2
0 0 0 0 2 0 0
Chironomidae 1.4 18.7 705 513 510 855 217
3.2 7.0 119 109 330 196 144
2 34.9 174 42 692 212 291

Continued

70

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Pupae Simuliidae 0 O 0 0 0 0 O
.1 .1 0 1 14 0 8
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Simuliidae 1.0 2 0 53 28 0 1
8 .4 0 24 76 29 140
7 0 0 0 38 0 1
Tipulidae 0 1 5 6 7 4 7
O 0 1 0 7 0 1
0 0 4 0 2 0 10
Pupae Tipulidae 0 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Stratiomyiidae 0 .1 2 0 0 0 O
0 O O 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 O 1
Ceratopogonidae 0 .2 47 3 5 65 4
0 0 7 O 0 29 6
O O 8 0 2 22 74
Tabanidae 0 0 11 0 1 0 0
0 0 7 0 0 O 0
O O 14 . 3 O 6 0
Ptycopteridae 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
' 0 0 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Empididae 0 O 2 1 1 O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Pupae Empididae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 O 2 O 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 O
Muscidae 0 0 O 3 O O O
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Adult Culicidae 0 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 O O O
O 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued

71

Table A1. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Scatophagidae 0 0 O O 0 0 O
0 0 0 3 0 O 0
0 0 3 3 O 0 0

HYMENOPTERA

Formicidae .1 0 0 O O 0 0
.1 0 0 O O 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 

1Seasons were designated as follows: Spring = 5/4-6/22; Summer ? 7/20-9/21;
Fall = 10/26-11/23.

2Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

72

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table A2. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2 for
A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 5/4/80.
1
Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
ISOPODA
Ascellus spp. O O 5 0 0 0 O
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 5 29 1223 239 351 239 73
DECAPODA
Orconectes Spp. 0 .5 0 4 0 0 0
TURBELLARIA 0 0 O 0 0 11 O
GASTROPODA O 2.3 11 0 4 O 2
CHILOPODA O .3 0 0 0 0 0
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae 0 0 0 0 0 54 35
OLIGOCHAETA 0 0 234 51 36 587 9
HIRUDINEA 0 0 o 0 o 0 17
HYDRACARINA O O 5 14 14 33 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Leptophlebiidae
Leptgphlebia_spp. 23.3 .5 O 0 0 O O
Baetidae
Baetis spp. .5 1.8 16 58 14 0 0
Centrgptilum Spp. 0 0 5 O 0 0 O
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia spp. 1.3 0 O O 39 0 O
Heptageniidae
Stenacron Spp. O 7 5 O 4 O 0
Stenonema spp. O .3 5 0 7 0 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 0 .3 O 14 7 65 O
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 0 0 22 87 11 269 0

Continued

Table A2. (Continued)

73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae .3 0 11 65 O 0 0
Phasganophora spp. O .3 0 0 4 0 0
Perlesta Spp. 0 2.3 O 0 40 0 O
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx Spp. O O 0 0 4 O O
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma spp. .3 0 11 14 11 0 9
Gomphidae
Stylurus Spp. O 0 5 0 0 0 0
Gomphus Spp. 0 0 5 0 O 0 0
Gomphurus spp. 0 0 5 0 4 0 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae 2 0 5 0 4 11 0
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .5 0 O 14 4 11 0
TRICHOPTERA
Adult 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Pupae 0 O 0 0 47 O 17
Hydropsychidae .8 .5 38 7 491 O 78
Limnephilidae 2.8 7.5 22 47 25 54 19
Polycentropodidae O 2 0 O 18 11 0
Glossosomatidae 0 0 0 O 7 0 0
Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 7 O 9
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Dubiraphia Spp. 0 .5 16 0 90 O 0
Ancyronyx variegata 0 .3 0 O O 0 0
Macronychus glabratus 0 2 5 0 O 0 0
Stenelmis spp. O .3 33 4 86 O 17

Continued

74

Table A2. (Concluded)

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
Elmidae
Dubiraphia spp. .5 0 11 14 4 22
Stenelmis spp. 0 O 0 O 7 0
Adult Haliplidae
Peltodytes Spp. .5 .3 0 0 0 0
Adult Staphylinidae O 0 0 0 0 22
Adult Trogositidae 0 0 0 0 O 11
Adult Hydrophilidae 0 O 0 0 0 0
LEPIDOPTERA
Noctuidae 0 O 0 0 0 11
DIPTERA
Pupae .3 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Chironomidae .3 0 O 0 0 0
Pupae Chironomidae 0 O 0 0 14 11
Chironomidae .3 19.5 880 344 545 1043
Simuliidae 1.8 0 0 7 47 0
Tipulidae 0 .3 0 18 4 11
Stratiomyiidae 0 .3 0 0 0 0
Ceratopogonidae 0 .3 38 0 14 44
Tabanidae 0 0 5 O 0 0
Ptycopteridae 0 0 0 4 0 0

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

75

Table A3. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River 5/25/82.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA
Ascellus O 0 1 O 0 0 0
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 12.3 2.7 643 315 1172 43 50
DECAPODA
Orconectes Spp. 0 0 0 3 14 0 0
TURBELLARIA 0 15.3 0 6 4 O O
GASTROPODA 0 .5 11 19 18 0 17
PELECYPODA 0 0 0 0 0 33 0
Sphaeriidae 0 0 16 0 25 0 174
OLIGOCHAETA .5 0 181 38 4 159 0
HIRUDINEA 0 0 O 16 0 11 0
HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 0 6 0 O
EPHEMEROPTERA
Adult .3 0 0 0 0 0 O
Leptophlebiidae
Leptophlebia spp~ .5 O 0 0 0 0 0
Baetidae
Pseudocloeon spp. 12.3 0 0 22 82 0 0
BaEtiSRSPP. 0 0 0 6 93 0 0
Heptageniidae
Stenacron Spp. .5 6.3 0 3 0 0 0
Stenonema spp. O 2.8 1 O 22 O 0
Heptagenia spp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Adult Heptageniidae 0 0 0 O 0 22 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. .3 .5 19 19 57 11 0
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. .8 .3 7 78 4 76 0

Continued

76

 

 

 

 

 

Table A3. (Continued)
1
Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Siphlonuridae
Isonychiaspp. 0 0 0 0 11 O 0
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae
Perlesta spp. 3.3 4.5 18 137 366 3 0
Phasganophora SPP- 0 0 0 3 O 0 0
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma SPP- .8 .3 8 3 29 O 0
Argia spp. O .3 0 0 0 0 0
Gomphidae
Gomphurussspp. 0 0 11 0 0 0 O
Stylurus spp. 0 0 5 0 O 11 O
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx spp. O O 0 3 4 0 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae 2 .5 O O 0 0 0
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .3 0 0 O O O 0
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae 0 .5 0 6 18 0 2
Adult Hydropsychidae 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hydropsychidae .8 32.5 3 44 434 0 19
Limnephilidae .3 14 83 105 4 33 9
Polycentropodidae 0 12.5 3 22 18 0 0
Molannidae 0 O 5 0 0 O 0
Glossosomatidae 0 0 0 3 0 0 O
Pupae Hylicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Leptoceridae O 0 O 0 0 3 11
Philopotamidae 0 0 O 0 4 0 0

Continued

77

Table A3. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae '
Macronychus glabratus 2.5 5.5 0 O 0 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata .3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stenelmisspp. .5 0 0 11 50 50 9
Dubiraphia spp. O .3 11 3 133 0 0
Elmidae
Macronychus_glabratus O 1 0 0 0 0 0
Dubiraphiaspp. 0 0 29 0 11 O
Stenelmis spp. 0 O 18 0 25 35 2
Adult Haliplidae
Peltodytes Spp. 1.3 0 0 0 O O 0
Dytiscidae
Hydrgporusspp. 0 .3 O 0 0 O 0
Adult Nitidulidae 0 O 5 0 4 11 0
Adult Curculionidae O O 0 0 0 3 0
Psephenidae
Psephenus spp. 0 0 0 0 O 11 0
LEPIDOPTERA ' .3 0 o o o o o
Geometridae 3 0 0 0 0 O O
DIPTERA
Chironomidae 1.8 6.5 522 223 455 1054 124
Pupae Chironomidae 2.8 .3 22 8 11 11 9
Adult Chironomidae .3 .3 0 O 0 O O
Simuliidae .8 0 O 102 15 O 2
Ceratopogonidae O .3 72 8 0 76 9
Tabanidae 0 0 16 0 4 0 0
Stratiomyidae 0 O 5 0 O 0 0
Tipulidae O 0 5 0 18 0 11

Continued

78

Table A3. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C
Empididae 0 0 5 3 4
Muscidae 0 0 0 8 0
HYMENOPTERA
Formicidae .3 0 0 0 0

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

APPENDIX

59

Table A1. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2 for
A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River. First line under each
taxonomic heading pertains to spring 1980; second line,
summer 1980; third line, fall 1980.

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA

Ascellus Spp. O 0 2 O 0 0 0
0 0 7 0 O 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 6.9 12.1 678 285 572 268 53
5.6 49.3 72 119 116 199 12
.3 27.4 117 112 31 196 3
TURBELLARIA 0 5.4 2 7 3 4 O
0 1.7 5 12 4 4 6
0 2.0 0 O 0 0 0
ARANEAE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 5 0 0 0
O O 0 0 0 17 0
GASTROPODA 0 1.2 7 33 10 29 9
.2 1.4 19 28 5 42 25
0 .6 44 3 2 60 1
CHILOPODA 0 .1 0 0 0 O O
0 0 0 0 O 0 O
O O O O 0 O O
PELECYPODA 0 0 0 0 O 11 0
0 0 0 2 0 0 2
0 O 0 0 O 0 O
Sphaeriidae 0 O 14 12 3O 47 84
0 0 67 18 17 36 8O
0 0 25 6 29 6 47

DECAPODA
Orconectes Spp. .1 .3 2 10 8 0 O
.1 0 8 2 1 7 5
0 0 3 0 O 0 0
OLIGOCHAETA .2 0 345 33 13 647 3
.1 0 544 11 2 1486 23
O 0 278 9 10 468 26

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

60

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
HIRUDINEA O 0 0 9 0 11 6
0 0 2 6 0 26 0
0 0 0 2 0 87 0
HYDRACARINA 0 .1 2 7 13 11 O
.2 0 2 0 7 0 7
0 0 14 0 O 0 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Adult .1 0 0 0 0 O 0
O 1 O 0 0 O 1
O O 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Ephemeridae
Hexageniaspp. O 0 0 0 0 0 0
.1 O 0 0 0 O O
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
Ephemeridae
Hexageniaspp. .5 .1 26 60 5 173 0
2 0 4 9 0 11 9
0 0 8 7 0 22 0
Heptageniidae
Stenacronspp. .3 5.0 2 6 1 0 0
.3 10.4 6 23 18 0 3
0 2.3 6 3 9 0 0
StenonemaSpp. 0 11.0 2 14 17 0 0
.2 8.0 O 12 45 0 6
O 2.6 4 O 18 0 6
HeptageniaSpp, 0 0 0 1 2 0 0
.1 .1 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Heptageniidae 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia spp. .6 2.5 O 0 18 O 0
.1 2.9 0 2 16 4 1
O 0 0 0 2 O 0

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes-SPP- .9 1 27 49 13 80 0
.4 2.5 16 11 8 22 5
O 3 0 0 0 0 0
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella spp. .2 .3 0 12 30 7 0
O .2 0 O O O O
0 0 0 0 O O O
Baetidae
BaetiSSpp. .2 1.0 5 27 36 4 O
2.2 8.8 5 0 53 11 32
.3 .5 O 0 4 O 0
Centroptilum spp. 0 O 2 O 0 0 O
.1 .1 0 0 O 4 1
O 0 0 0 O 0 O
Cloeon spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
.1 0 2 2 0 0 0
O O 0 O O O 0
Pseudocloeon Spp. 4.1 O O 8 27 O O
.3 .1 O 0 49 0 7
O 0 0 0 9 0 0
Caenidae
Caenis Spp. .1 .1 8 17 21 4O 0
0 O 4 3 4 22 2
0 0 6 0 0 6 0
Brachycercus spp. 0 O 0 0 O 0 O
O 0 2 0 O 4 0
O 0 0 O 0 0 0
Polymitarycidae
Ephoron spp. 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
.1 O 5 0 2 0 9
O O O O O O 0
Leptophlebiidae
Leptophlebia spp. 7.9 .2 0 0 O 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 0 0
0 .8 237 304 11 212 9

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Paraleptophlebia spp. 0 0 O 0 0 0 0
2.3 0 4 6 0 4 O
O .2 120 64 8 6 2
PLECOPTERA

Perlidae .1 0 4 22 0 0 0
0 0 O 1 O 0 O
O 0 O 0 O 0 O
Acroneuria spp. 0 O 0 0 0 O 0
O 0 O 0 O 0 0
O 0 14 0 O 0 0
Perlesta‘Spp. 1 1 2.5 6 46 135 1 0
0 .1 0 O 0 0 1
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phasgonophora spp. 0 1 O 1 1 0 0
0 O 0 O 0 0 O
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Perlinella spp. O 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 3 2 0 0 0

Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx 0 0 O 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 O O O 0
7 7 153 41 231 283 65

Perlodidae
Isoperla spp. 0 0 0 0 0 O 0
O 0 0 O 0 0 O
.1 0 O 0 O 0 0
ODONATA

Coenagrionidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0
0 0 0 O O 0 O
Enallagma spp. .4 .1 6 8 16 0 3
3 .1 1 6 1 0 0
0 O 4 10 O 0 O
Argia spp. 0 1 0 0 0 0 O
0 3 0 2 3 0 0
O 0 O 0 18 0 0

Continued

63

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2

Taxa Drift Wood A B C
Calopterygidae 0 0 0 0 O
0 0 0 1 O
0 0 0 0 0
Calopteryx spp. 0 0 O 1 1
.1 0 0 10 0
0 O 0 8 0

Gomphidae
Gomphurus Spp. 0 0 7 0 1
O 0 4 1 0
0 0 8 0 O
Gomphus spp. O 0 2 O O
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 O
Stylurus spp. 0 0 3 0 0
0 0 4 O 0
0 0 3 0 O

Aeshnidae
Basiaeschna spp. 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0
Bayeria Spp. O 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 O
0 0 O 2 0

HEMIPTERA

Corixidae 1 .2 2 O 1
.3 0 2 2 O
.3 0 3 6 O
Nepidae 0 0 0 O 0
.2 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 3 0
Belostomatidae 0 O 0 0 0
.1 O 0 2 0
0 O 0 4 0
Gerridae O 0 0 O 0
.2 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0

Continued

WOO

GOO

GOO

Table A1. (Continued)

64

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
Pleidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 O 1 0 O 1
O O 0 2 0 0 0
Veliidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 O O 2 0 O 0
O O 0 0 0 0 0
Tingidae 0 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 0 0 l 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 O
HOMOPTERA
Aphidae 0 0 O 0 0 0 0
0 O 1 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 2 2 6 0
Psyllidae 0 0 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 .2 0 0 0 0 0
MEGOLOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis Spp. .4 O 22 7 1 18 O
.1 .2 33 9 3 76 5
.2 0 30 19 9 44 1
Corydalidae .
Corydalus spp. O .1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sisyridae
Sisyra Spp. 0 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 .1 0 O O 0 O
0 0 0 0 O O 0
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae 0 .4 0 2 28 O 5
0 0 1 0 6 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
Adult 0 0 2 0 0 0 3
.1 O 0 O 0 O 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

65

 

 

 

. Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E

Adult Hydropsychidae .3 0 0 O 0 O 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 O

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hydropsychidae 1.2 69.3 25 99 712 40 35
2.8 20.1 77 76 1411 11 44

.4 25.8 26 10 345 87 39

Limnephilidae 1.0 7.5 37 60 22 33 9
O 1.3 4 59 3 0 17

0 .2 71 13 0 38 1

Pupae Limnephilidae 0 0 0 37 0 0 0
0 2 0 O 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Adult Limnephilidae .1 0 O 0 0 O 0
O 0 0 0 0 O 0

O O O 0 0 O 0

Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 4 0 3
0 .5 0 0 0 0 0

0 .3 2 0 6 6 0

Pupae Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

O 0 0 0 0 0 9

Adult Helicopsychidae 0 O 0 O 1 0 0
.1 0 0 0 O 0 0

0 0 O 0 0 O 0

Hydroptilidae 0 0 0 O O 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0

0 0 1 0 2 0 0

Leptoceridae .2 .1 22 7 6 15 12
.2 .1 9 2 3 4 0

O 0 0 2 0 0 0

Polycentropodidae 0 6.3 l 8 13 4 0
0 2.7 2 31 1 0 1

0 4.5 3 18 6 11 2

Glossosomatidae 0 0 2 1 2 O O
0 O O O 13 0 0

0 0 0 0 O 0 0

Continued

66

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Molannidae 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 .1 0 0 0 4 7
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Philopotamidae 0 O O 0 1 O 0
0 .2 0 0 1 0 O
0 O 0 O O O 0
Psychomyiidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 ‘0 0 0 O O
Brachycentridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O 4 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 2 6 0
Odontoceridae O 0 0 0 0 O O
O 0 0 0 0 14 0
0 O 0 O O 0 0
COLEOPTERA

Adult Elmidae
Stenelmis spp. .2 .5 15 6 90 17 9
.1 1.4 0 15 29 4 1
O 1.1 0 0 72 O 3
Dubiraphia spp. 0 .3 13 5 39 4 0
.1 1.2 12 12 26 0 0
0 1.8 0 4 54 0 1
Macronychus glabratus .8 10.7 2 2 O 0 0
.1 18.4 0 6 0 0 O
O 3 9 0 2 0 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata .2 .1 0 0 0 O 0
O 1.1 0 1 0 O O
0 0 O 0 O 0 0

Elmidae

Stenelmis Spp. O .2 10 1 20 12 1
2 1.1 15 6 26 4 16
0 0 4 O 13 6 4
Dubiraphia spp. .2 0 77 7 6 33 O
0 0 35 10 1 138 9
0 6 22 7 0 6 10

Continued

67

Table A1. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C
Macronychus glabratus 0 2.1 O 0 O
.1 1.5 0 0 O
0 .5 O 0 O
Ancyronyx variegata O 0 0 O 0
O 3 0 0 0
0 2 0 0 0
Adult Haliplidae
Peltodytes Spp. .7 .1 O 0 O
0 O 0 O 0
O 0 O O O
Haliplus spp. O 0 0 0 O
.1 0 0 O 0
0 O 0 O 0
Haliplidae
Peltodytes spp. O 0 O 0 0
0 0 O 1 0
0 O O O 0
Adult Gyrinidae
Gyrinus Spp. 0 0 0 O 0
O O 0 0 O
3 0 0 0 0
Dineutus spp. 0 O 0 0 O
1 O O O O
O O 0 O 0
Gyrindae
Gyrinus spp. .1 O 0 1 O O
O O O 3 0 2
0 0 0 O 0 O
Dineutus spp. O 0 0 4 0 0
0 1 O O 6 3
0 0 O 0 0 0
Psephenidae
Psephenus Spp. .3 O 0 O 1
0 O O 1 1
0 O O O 4

Continued

68

 

 

 

 

 

Table A1. (Continued)
Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C

Adult Dytiscidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 .1 O O 0 0 O
0 0 O 0 O 0 0
Hydroporus spp. 0 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 .2 O O O 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Liodessus Spp. 0 O O 0 O O 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
.2 .3 0 0 O 0 0

Dytiscidae
Hydrgporus spp. O .1 O 0 0 0 O
0 0 0 0 O O 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Staphylinidae O O 2 0 1 4 0
0 0 O O 0 0 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Trogositidae 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
O 0 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 O 0

Helodidae
Cyphon spp. O O 0 0 O 0 0
0 .1 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 O O O O 0
Adult Hydrophilidae O 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 O 0 0 O 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 O 0
Hydrobius Spp. 0 0 0 O 0 0 O
0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 O O O O 0 0
Crenitis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 1 0 0 0
O 0 O O 0 0 0
Adult Carabidae O O 0 O 0 O 0
.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued

69

 

 

 

Table A1. (Continued)
Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Adult Curculionidae O 0 2 0 0 1 0
O 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
Adult Nitidulidae 0 0 2 O 1 4 0
1 .1 0 0 0 O 1
0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Adult Cleridae 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
O O 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Chrysomelidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 O 0 4 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LEPIDOPTERA
Noctuidae 0 0 2 0 0 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Geometridae 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyralidae
Paraponyx spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O O 1 1 O 0
O 0 3 8 O 0 1
DIPTERA
Pupae 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Adult Chironomidae .2 .2 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 O 4
Pupae Chironomidae .9 3 11 3 10 15 3
0 1 2 2 4 4 2
0 0 0 O 2 0 0
Chironomidae 1.4 18 7 705 513 510 855 217
3.2 7.0 119 109 330 196 144
.2 34.9 174 42 692 212 291

Continued

70

 

 

 

Continued

Table A1. (Continued)

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Pupae Simuliidae 0 0 O 0 O 0 O
.1 .1 0 1 14 0 8
O 0 0 0 0 0 O
Simuliidae 1.0 .2 0 53 28 0 1
.8 .4 0 24 76 29 140
.7 0 0 0 38 0 1
Tipulidae 0 .1 5 6 7 4 7
0 0 1 0 7 0 1
0 0 4 O 2 O 10
Pupae Tipulidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 O 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Stratiomyiidae 0 .1 2 0 O 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Ceratopogonidae 0 .2 47 3 5 65 4
0 0 7 O 0 29 6
0 0 8 O 2 22 74
Tabanidae 0 0 11 O 1 O 0
0 O 7 O 0 O O
O 0 14 . 3 O 6 0
Ptycopteridae 0 O 0 1 0 0 O
0 O 0 O 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 O 0 0
Empididae 0 0 2 1 1 0 O
O O 0 0 0 0 0
0 O 0 0 0 0 0
Pupae Empididae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 0 0 O 2 0 0
0 O 0 0 O 0 0
Muscidae 0 0 0 3 0 0 O
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 O 0 0 0 0
Adult Culicidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 0 2 O O 0 O
0 0 0 0 0 O 0

71

Table A1. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitat2
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Scatophagidae 0 O O 0 O 0 0
0 0 0 3 0 0 0
0 0 3 3 0 0 0

HYMENOPTERA

Formicidae .1 0 0 O 0 0 0
.1 O O O 0 0 0
0 O O 0 O 0 0

 

1Seasons were designated as follows: Spring = 5/4-6/22; Summer ? 7/20-9/21;
Fall = 10/26-11/23.

2Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

72

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table A2. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2 for
A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 5/4/80.
1
__ Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA
Ascellus Spp. O O 5 O O 0 0
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 5 29 1223 239 351 239 73
DECAPODA
Orconectes spp. O .5 0 4 O O 0
TURBELLARIA 0 0 0 O O 11 0
GASTROPODA o 2 . 3 1 1 Do 4 o 2
CHILOPODA O .3 O 0 O 0 0
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae 0 0 0 0 0 54 35
OLIGOCHAETA 0 0 234 51 36 587 9
HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 0 0 0 l7
HYDRACARINA 0 0 5 14 14 33 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Leptophlebiidae
Leptophlebia Spp. 23.3 .5 0 0 O 0 0
Baetidae
Baetis spp. .5 1.8 16 58 14 0 0
Centrgptilum spp. O O 5 O O 0 0
Siphlonuridae
Isonzchia spp. 1.3 O 0 0 39 O 0
Heptageniidae
Stenacron Spp. O 7 5 O 4 0 0
Stenonema spp. O .3 5 O 7 0 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 0 .3 O 14 7 65 0
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia Spp. O 0 22 87 11 269 0

Continued

Table A2. (Continued)

73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae .3 0 11 65 0 O 0
Phasganophora spp. 0 .3 O O 4 0 O
Perlesta Spp. 0 2.3 O 0 40 O 0
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx spp. 0 O 0 0 4 O 0
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma-spp. .3 0 11 14 11 0 9
Gomphidae
Stylurus Spp. 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Gomphus spp. 0 0 5 0 0 0 O
Gomphurus Spp. 0 0 5 0 4 0 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae 2 0 5 O 4 11 O
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .5 0 0 14 4 11 0
TRICHOPTERA
Adult 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
Pupae 0 0 O 0 47 0 17
Hydropsychidae .8 .5 38 7 491 0 78
Limnephilidae 2.8 7.5 22 47 25 54 19
Polycentropodidae 0 2 0 O 18 11 O
Glossosomatidae 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Helicopsychidae 0 0 O 0 7 O 9
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Dubiraphia Spp. O .5 16 O 90 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata 0 .3 O 0 O O O
Macronychus glabratus 0 2 5 0 0 0 0
Stenelmis spp. 0 .3 33 4 86 O 17

Continued

74

Table A2. (Concluded)

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
Elmidae
Dubiraphia spp. .5 0 11 14 4 22
Stenelmis spp. 0 0 0 0 7 0
Adult Haliplidae
Peltodytes Spp. .5 .3 O O 0 0
Adult Staphylinidae 0 0 0 0 O 22
Adult Trogositidae O 0 0 0 0 11
Adult Hydrophilidae 0 0 0 0 0 0
LEPIDOPTERA
Noctuidae O O 0 0 0 11
DIPTERA
Pupae .3 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Chironomidae .3 0 0 0 0 0
Pupae Chironomidae 0 0 0 0 14 11
Chironomidae .3 19.5 880 344 545 1043
Simuliidae 1.8 0 O 7 47 0
Tipulidae 0 .3 0 18 4 11
Stratiomyiidae 0 .3 O 0 0 0
Ceratopogonidae 0 .3 38 0 14 44
Tabanidae . 0 0 5 O O 0
Ptyc0pteridae O 0 0 4 0 0

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E - sandy areas towards middle of stream.

75

Table A3. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River 5/25/82.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitatl
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA
Ascellus 0 0 1 O 0 0 O
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 12.3 2.7 643 315 1172 43 50
DECAPODA
Orconectes Spp. O 0 0 3 14 O 0
TURBELLARIA O 15.3 0 6 4 O 0
GASTROPODA 0 .5 11 19 18 0 17
PELECYPODA 0 0 0 0 O 33 0
Sphaeriidae 0 O 16 0 25 0 174
OLIGOCHAETA .5 O 181 38 4 159 O
HIRUDINEA O 0 0 16 0 11 0
HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 0 6 0 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Adult .3 0 O 0 0 0 0
Leptophlebiidae
Leptophlebia Spp‘ .5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Baetidae
Pseudocloeon spp. 12.3 0 0 22 82 0 0
Baetisxspp. 0 0 0 6 93 0 0
Heptageniidae
Stenacron Spp. .5 6.3 O 3 0 0 0
Stenonema spp. 0 2.8 1 O 22 0 0
Heptagenia spp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Adult Heptageniidae 0 0 0 O 0 22 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. .3 .5 19 19 57 11 0
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. .8 .3 7 78 4 76 0

Continued

Table A3. (Continued)

76

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Siphlonuridae
Isonychiaspp. 0 O 0 0 11 0 O
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae
Perlesta spp. 3.3 4.5 18 137 366 3 0
Phasganophora SPP- 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma SPP- .8 3 8 3 29 0 0
Argia spp. 0 3 O 0 0 0 0
Gomphidae
Gomphurussspp. 0 0 11 0 0 0 0
Stylurus Spp. 0 0 5 0 0 11 O
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx Spp. O 0 O 3 4 O O
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae 2 5 0 0 O 0 0
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .3 0 0 O 0 0 0
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae 0 5 0 6 18 O 2
Adult Hydropsychidae l 0 0 0 O O 0
Hydropsychidae .8 32.5 3 44 434 O 19
Limnephilidae .3 14 83 105 4 33 9
Polycentropodidae 0 12.5 3 22 18 O 0
Molannidae 0 0 5 0 O 0 0
Glossosomatidae O O 0 3 O O 0
Pupae Hylicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 O O 9
Leptoceridae 0 0 O O 0 3 11
Philopotamidae O 0 O 0 4 O 0

Continued

77

Table A3. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae ‘
Macronychus glabratus 2.5 5.5 0 O O 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata .3 0 0 0 O 0 0
Stenelmisspp. .5 O 0 11 50 50 9
Dubiraphia spp. 0 .3 11 3 133 0 0
Elmidae
Macronychus glabratus 0 1 0 O 0 O 0
Dubiraphiaspp. 0 0 29 0 11 0 O
Stenelmis spp. 0 0 18 0 25 35 2
Adult Haliplidae
Peltodytes Spp. 1.3 0 O 0 0 O O
Dytiscidae
Hydrgporusspp. 0 .3 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Nitidulidae 0 O 5 0 4 11 0
Adult Curculionidae O 0 O 0 0 3 0
Psephenidae
Psephenus spp. 0 0 O 0 0 11 0
LEPIDOPTERA .3 0 O 0 0 0 O
Geometridae .3 0 O O 0 0 0
DIPTERA
Chironomidae 1.8 6.5 522 223 455 1054 124
Pupae Chironomidae 2.8 .3 22 8 11 11 9
Adult Chironomidae .3 .3 0 O 0 0 0
Simuliidae .8 0 0 102 15 0 2
Ceratopogonidae O .3 72 8 O 76 9
Tabanidae 0 0 16 O 4 O 0
Stratiomyidae 0 0 5 0 O O 0
Tipulidae 0 0 5 0 18 O 11

Continued

78

Table A3. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C
Empididae 0 0 5 3 4
Muscidae O 0 0 8 O
HYMENOPTERA
Formicidae .3 0 O O 0

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

79

Table A4. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 6/22/82.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA 0 0 0 O 0 O O
AMPHIPODA
Afiyallela azteca 3.3 4.5 169 301 193 522 35
DECAPODA
Orconectes spp. .3 .5 5 22 11 O O
TURBELLARIA 0 .8 5 14 4 11 O
GASTROPODA 0 .8 O 81 7 87 9
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae 0 O 27 35 61 87 43
OLIGOCHAETA 0 0 620 11 O 1196 0
HIRUDINEA 0 0 O 11 0 22 0
HYDRACARINA 0 .3 0 6 18 0 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Ephemeridae
HexageniaSPP. .8 0 49 14 O 174 0
Heptageniidae
Stenacron Spp. .3 .3 0 14 0 O O
Stenonema spp. 0 29.8 0 41 22 0 0
Heptagenia spp. 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes Spp. 2. 8 2 81 146 39 239 0
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia spp. .5 7.5 0 0 4 0 O
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella Spp. .5 1 0 35 89 22 0
Caenidae
Caenis Spp. 0 .3 5 19 O 44 0
Baetidae
Baetis Spp. 0 1.3 0 16 0 11 O
Pseudocloeon spp. 0 0 0 3 0 O 0

 

Continued

80

 

 

 

Table A4. (Continued)
1
Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Polymitarcyidae
Ephoron Spp. 0 0 11 0 O 0 0
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae
Perlesta spp. O .8 0 0 O O O
ODONATA
Gomphidae
Gomphurus spp. 0 0 5 0 0 0 17
Stylurus spp. 0 O 0 0 0 11 O
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma spp. 0 0 0 6 7 0 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae 0 0 0 0 O 0 O
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .3 0 65 8 0 43 0
Corydalidae
Corydalus spp. 0 .3 0 O 0 0 O
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae 0 .8 0 O 18 0 0
Adult 0 0 5 O 0 0 0
Limnephilidae 0 1 5 27 7 11 0
Pupae Limnephilidae 0 0 0 110 0 0 0
Adult Limnephilidae .3 0 O 0 0 0 0
Leptoceridae .5 .3 65 22 18 43 26
Polycentropidae 0 4.5 0 3 4 0 0
Glossosomatidae 0 0 5 0 O O 0
Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
Adult Helicopsychidae 0 O 0 0 4 0 0
Hydropsychidae 2 175 33 245 1211 120 9

Continued

81

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table A4. (Continued)
1
Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Angyronyx variegata .3 0 0 0 0 0 O
Macronychus_glabratus .3 24.5 0 6 0 0 9
Stenelmis spp. 0 1.3 0 3 50 0 0
Dubiraphiaspp. 0 0 11 11 15 11 0
Elmidae
Macronychus glabratus 0 5.3 0 0 0 0 0
Stenelmis=spp. 0 .3 11 3 29 O 0
Dubiraphiazspp. 0 O 190 6 4 76 0
Adult Cleridae 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Gyrinidae
Gyrinus spp. .3 0 0 3 O 11 0
Dineutus spp. 0 0 O 11 O 0 0
Haliplidae
Pelodytes spp. .3 O 0 0 0 0 0
Psephenidae
Psephenusspp. .8 O O O 4 0 0
Adult Curculionidae 0 O 5 0 0 0 0
Adult Staphylinidae O 0 5 0 4 0 0
Adult Hydrophilidae
Hydrobius Spp. 0 0 5 0 0 O O
LEPIDOPTERA
Noctuidae O 0 5 O 0 0 0
DIPTERA
Pupae 0 0 0 3 0 O 0
Chironomidae 2 29.8 712 973 538 468 87
Pupae Chironomidae 0 .5 11 0 4 22 0
Adult Chironomidae 0 .3 0 0 0 0 0
Simuliidae .3 .5 0 49 22 0 0

Continued

82
Table A4. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C
Ceratopogonidae O 0 32 O 0
Tipulidae 0 0 11 0 0
Tabanidae O O 11 0 O

 

Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

83

Table A5. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 7/20/80.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA
Ascellus Spp. 0 O 0 0 O 11 0
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 9.5 134.3 38 188 333 239 7
DECAPODA
Orconectes;spp. .3 0 11 4 4 O 4
TURBELLARIA O 1.5 11 14 7 0 4
GASTROPODA .3 3 12 43 4 29 34
ARANEAE 0 0 0 16 0 0 0
PELECYPODA O 0 0 6 0 O 7
Sphaeriidae 0 0 43 19 32 22 63
OLIGOCHAETA 0 0 5 16 7 1924 17
HIRUDINEA 0 O 5 8 0 22 0
HYDRACARINA .3 O 1 0 0 0 11
EPHEMEROPTERA
Adult 0 0 0 O O 0 2
Baetidae
Cloeon SPP- O 0 O 6 0 0 0
Baetis Spp. .5 5 11 O 36 11 17
Pseudocloeon SPP~ .3 0 0 0 86 0 9
Centrgptilum spp. 0 .3 0 0 0 11 4
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia Spp. .5 O 11 14 O 22 11
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes Spp. .3 5 29 14 25 43 2
Heptageniidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Stenonema spp. O 17 0 35 79 0 15
Stenacron Spp. 0 13 16 46 25 0 7
Hexagenia spp. 0 2 O 0 O 0 0

Continued

Table A5. (Continued)

84

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Ephemerellidae
Ephemerella spp. O 5 0 O 0 0 0
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia spp. 0 7.3 1 0 29 11 0
Polymitarycidae
Ephoron Spp. O 0 16 0 7 0 11
Caenidae
Caenis Spp. 0 0 5 3 4 44 7
Brachycerus Spp. 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
PLECOPTERA O 0 O 0 O O O
ODONATA
Gomphidae
Gomphurus Spp. 0 0 11 O O 0 0
Stylurus Spp. 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Coenagrionidae
Argia Spp. 0 0 O 6 4 O O
Calopterygidae
Calgpteryx Spp. O O O 0 O 11 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae .3 0 5 4 0 87 0
Gerridae .3 0 O 0 0 0 0
Veliidae 0 O 0 6 0 0 O
Tingidae 0 0 0 0 4 O O
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis Spp. O 3 49 11 4 152 7
Sisyridae
Sisyra spp. 0 .3 0 0 0 0 0
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae O 0 3 0 O 0 0
Adult .3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Continued

85

Table A5. (Continued)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Continued

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Hydropsychidae 5.5 13 224 94 1763 0 90
Adult Helicopsychidae .3 0 O 0 0 0 0
Leptoceridae .5 .3 27 6 4 O 0
Limnephilidae 0 .3 11 172 4 0 52
Pupae Limnephilidae 0 0 0 0 4 0 O
Polycentropodidae 0 .8 16 280 22 O 24
Brachycentridae O 0 11 0 0 0 0
Philopotomidae 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
Odontoceridae O 0 0 0 0 43 O
Molannidae 0 O 0 O 0 0 22
COLEOPTERA

Adult Elmidae

Macronychus glabratus .3 11 O O 0 0 0

Dubiraphia Spp. .3 1.5 33 4 61 0 0

Stenelmis spp. .3 .5 0 11 25 0 2

Ancyronx variegata 0 3.3 0 O O 0 0
Elmidae

Macronychus glabratus .3 .8 0 0 O 0 O

Stenelmis spp. O .3 41 6 22 11 19

Dubiraphiasspp. 0 0 27 0 4 218 20
Adult Chrysomelidae 0 O 0 O 0 11 0
Adult Dytiscidae 0 .3 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Nitidulidae 0 .3 0 O 0 O 2
Helodidae

Cyphonwspp. O .3 O O 0 0 O
Psephenidae

Psephenus spp. 0 0 1 0 0 O 0
Adult Staphylinidae 0 O 1 0 0 0 0
Adult Hydrophilidae

Crenitis spp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 0

86

Table A5. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
Gyrinidae
Gyrinus:spp. 0 0 0 6 0 0
Dineutus Spp. 0 O O 0 18 0
LEPIDOPTERA 0 O 0 O 0 O
DIPTERA
Chironomidae 1.5 5.3 217 164 607 283
Pupae Chironomidae 0 .3 5 4 4 11
Simuliidae .3 0 0 0 7 O
Ceratopogonidae O 0 16 0 0 11
Muscidae . O O O 4 0 0
Pupae Empididae 0 0 0 0 7 0
Pupae Simuliidae 0 0 0 0 0 0
HYMENOPTERA
Formicidae .3 0 0 0 0 0

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

87

Table A6. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 8/17/80.

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 3.3 2.8 80 86 7 272 30
DECAPODA
Orconectgs spp. 0 O 1 3 O 22 11
TURBELLARIA 0 1.3 O 22 0 O 15
GASTROPODA .3 .8 11 3 0 44 41
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae 0 O 129 24 11 65 130
OLIGOCHAETA 0 0 359 6 0 1294 26
HIRUDINEA O 0 0 11 0 11 0
HYDRACARINA O 0 O 0 7 0 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Adult 0 .3 0 0 O O 0
Adult Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. .3 0 0 0 O 0 0
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. O 0 O 22 0 11 17
Heptageniidae 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Stenonema Spp. .5 5.3 0 0 32 0 0
Stenacron Spp. .3 17.3 0 6 7 O 2
Baetidae 0 O 1 0 0 O 0
Baetis spp. 1.8 16.5 0 O 115 22 80
Centroptilum Spp. .3 0 0 0 O 0 0
Pseudocloeon Spp. 0 0 0 O 54 0 13
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia spp. .3 1.3 0 6 18 0 2
Polymitarcyidae
Ephoron spp. .3 0 0 0 0 O 17

Continued

88

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table A6. (Continued)
1
Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes spp. 0 0 4 6 O 11 13
Caenidae
Caenissspp. 0 0 8 6 O 22 0
Brachycercus Spp. 0 0 5 0 0 0 O
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae
Perlesta Spp. 0 3 0 0 0 0 2
Perlinella Spp. 0 0 0 0 4 0 O
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae 0 O 0 8 0 O O
Argia Spp. 0 1 0 O 4 O O
Galapterygidae 0 0 0 3 0 0 O
Calgpteryx spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Gomphidae
Gomphurus Spp. 0 O 0 3 0 11 O
Stzlurus spp . 0 0 0 0 O l 1 0
Aeshnidae
Basiaeschna spp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae .3 0 O 3 0 0 0
Gerridae .3 0 1 3 O 0 0
Belostomatidae .3 0 O 0 0 0 0
Pleidae O 0 0 3 O 0 2
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis Spp. O 3 26 6 4 33 9
Corydalidae
Corydalus spp. 0 0 O O 4 0 0
TRICHOPTERA
Hydropsychidae .5 12.8 3 35 1290 33 32
Limnephilidae 0 3.5 0 6 4 O 0

Continued

Table A6. (Concluded)

89

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Pupae Limnephilidae 0 5 0 0 0 O 4
Polycentropodidae O 3 O 14 4 0 4
Helicopsychidae 0 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Macronychus_glabratus O 30.5 0 16 O O 0
Dubiraphia spp. 0 .3 3 19 11 O 0
Stenelmis spp. 0 .5 1 19 32 11 0
Elmidae
Macronychus glabratus 0 2.8 0 0 0 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata 0 .5 0 0 O 0 0
Stenelmis Spp. 0 .3 5 0 18 0 11
Dubiraphia Spp. 0 0 35 16 O 141 6
Adult Dytiscidae
_§ydroporus spp. 0 .5 0 0 0 0
Gyrinidae
Dineutus spp. 0 .3 0 0 0 0 2
Gyrinus spp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 7
Haliplidae
Peltodytes spp. 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Adult Chrysomelidae 0 0 0 0 O O 2
LEPIDOPTERA
Pyralidae
Paraponyx spp. O O 0 3 0 0 9
DIPTERA
Chironomidae .8 6.5 108 14 226 272 222
Pupae Chironomidae O 0 0 0 0 0 2
Simuliidae 1 0 0 11 136 87 411
Pupae Simuliidae .3 0 0 O 0 0 24
Tipulidae 0 0 1 0 18 0 2
Ceratgpoggnidae 0 O 0 O O 22 O
1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without

macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

riffle;

90

Table A7. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 9/21/80.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA
Ascellus spp. 0 O 22 0 0 0 0
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca 4 10.8 97 84 7 87 0
DECAPODA
Orconectes Spp. 0 0 1 0 O 0 0
TURBELLARIA O 2.3 5 0 4 11 O
GASTROPODA 0 .3 33 38 11 54 O
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae 0 O 28 10 7 22 46
OLIGOCHAETA 3 O 1269 11 O 1239 26
HIRUDINEA 0 0 1 O O 44 0
HYDRACARINA .3 O 5 0 14 0 9
EPHEMEROPTERA
Baetidae
Baetis Spp. 4.3 5 5 0 7 O O
Cloeon spp. .3 0 5 O 0 0 0
Pseudocloeon app. .5 .3 0 0 7 0 0
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes spp. .8 2.5 14 14 0 11 0
Leptophlebiidae
Paraleptophlebia spp, 6.8 0 12 17 0 11 O
Heptageniidae
Stenonema spp. O 1.8 0 0 25 0 2
Stenacron spp. .5 .8 1 16 22 0 0
Heptagenia spp. .3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 0 O O O 7 O O
PLECOPTERA
Perlidae 0 0 0 3 0 0 0

Continued

Table A7. (Continued)

91

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D
ODONATA
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma spp. .8 .3 3 19 4 0
CalOpterygidae
Calgpteryx spp. .3 0 O 30 O O
Gomphidae
Stylurus 3 pp . 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Gomphus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 11
Aeschidae
Bayeria spp. O O 0 3 0 O
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae .3 0 1 0 0 0
Nepidae .5 0 0 0 0 O
Belostamidae 0 0 0 6 0 0
HOMOPTERA
Aphidae O 0 3 O O O
MAGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis Spp. .3 0 24 11 O 44
Corydalidae
Corydalus Spp. O O O 0 4 O
TRICHOPTERA
Pupae O 0 0 0 18 0
Hydropsychidae 2.3 34.5 5 100 1179 0
Polycentropodidae 0 5 5 78 O 0
Philopotamidae O .5 O 0 0 0
Molannidae 0 .3 0 O 0 11
Phryganeidae 0 0 1 O 0 0
Psychomyiidae 0 0 O 0 4 0

Continued

Table A7. (Continued)

92

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Continued

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Leptoceridae O O 0 0 4 11 O
Glossosomatidae O 0 0 0 39 0 0
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Stenelmis spp. 0 3. 3 0 14 29 0 0
Dubiraphia spp~ 0 1.8 1 14 7 O 0
Macronychus glabratus 0 13.8 0 3 0 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata 0 0 0 3 O 0 0
Elmidae
Stenelmis spp. .5 2.5 0 11 39 0 17
Dubiraphia Spp. 0 0 44 14 0 54 0
Macronychus glabratus O 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ancyronyx variegata 0 .5 0 0 0 0 0
Psephemidae
Psephenus Spp. 0 0 0 3 4 0 0
Adult Carabidae .3 O 0 0 O 0 0
Adult Nitidulidae .3 0 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Gyrinidae
Dineutus spp. .3 0 O 0 O 0 0
Adult Haliplidae
Haliplus Spp. .3 0 O 0 0 O 0
Adult Chrysomelidae 0 O 5 0 0 0 0
LEPIDOPTERA
Pyralidae
Paraponyx spp. O O 0 0 4 O O
DIPTERA
Chironomidae 7.3 9.3 32 148 158 32 26
Pupae Chironomidae 0 0 1 3 7 0 0
Simuliidae 1 1.3 O 62 86 0 4
Pupae Simuliidae 0 3 0 3 43 0 0
Tipulidae 0 0 3 O 4 O O

93

Table A7. (Concluded)

 

 

 

Habitatl
Taxa Drift Wood A B C
Tabaniidae 0 O 22 O 0
Ceratopogonidae 0 0 5 0 0
Adult Culicidae 0 O 5 O O
Scatophagidae O 0 O 8 0

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream.

94

Table A8. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 10/26/80.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA 0 0 0 0 O 0 O
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca .5 20.7 103 49 50 228 6
DECAPODA
Orconectes spp. 0 O 5 0 0 0 0
TURBELLARIA O 2.3 0 0 0 0 0
GASTROPODA 0 .8 49 0 4 54 0
ARANEAE 0 0 O 0 0 33 0
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae 0 O 11 3 57 11 56
OLIGOCHAETA O O 359 11 25 739 30
HIRUDINEA 0 O 0 3 0 109 0
HYDRACARINA 0 0 0 O 0 0 0
EPHEMEROPTERA
Baetidae
Baetis spp. .5 .5 0 0 7 0 O
Pseudocloeon spp. O 0 0 0 18 0 0
Leptophlebiidae
Leptophlebia Spp. 0 .5 49 97 18 87 11
Paraleptophlebia spp. 0 O 190 97 11 0 4
Tricorythidae
Tricorythodes spp. O .5 O 0 O O O
Heptageniidae
Stenonema spp. 0 3.3 0 0 18 0 O
Stenacron spp. 0 1 5 11 0 11 0 0
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 0 0 5 8 O 44 O
Caenidae
Caenis spp. O 0 0 0 0 11 0

Continued

95

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table A8. (Continued)
1
Habitat
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
PLECOPTERA
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx Spp. .8 .3 174 19 412 348 110
Perlodidae
Isoperla=8pp. 3 0 0 0 0 0 O
Perlidae
Perlinella8pp. 0 .3 0 0 0 O O
Acroneuria spp. O 0 11 O O O 0
ODONATA
Gomphidae
StylurUSSpp. 0 0 5 0 0 11 O
Gomphurus spp. 0 0 5 0 0 O 2
Aeshnidae
Bayeria spp. O O 0 4 0 0 O
Calopterygidae
Calopteryx spp. 0 0 0 8 0 0 0
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma spp. 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
Argia spp. 0 0 0 0 29 O 0
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae .3 0 5 4 0 65 8
Belostomatidae 0 O 0 4 0 0 O
HOMOPTERA
Psyllidae 0 .3 0 0 0 0 0
Aphidae O 0 0 4 4 11 0
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis ‘Spp. O O 22 8 18 22 2
TRICHOPTERA
Hydropsychidae .8 27.8 7 0 391 109 56
PolycentrOpodidae 0 7.5 0 3 O 22 4
Leptoceridae O O 0 3 0 0 0

Continued

Table A8. (Concluded)

96

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Limnephilidae O 0 O 3 O O 2
Brachycentridae 0 O O 0 4 11 O
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Stenelmis spp. 0 1.3 0 0 108 O 2
Dubiraphia spp. 0 .8 0 0 29 0 0
Macronychus glabratus 0 7 O 0 0 O 0
Elmidae
Stenelmis SPP. O O 0 0 18 O 6
Dubiraphia spp. 0 .3 16 6 0 11 2
Macronychus glabratus O .5 0 0 0 0 0
Angyronyx variegata 0 .3 0 0 0 O 0
Adult Gyrinidae
Dineutus Spp. .5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Dytiscidae
Liodessus Spp. .3 0 0 0 O 0 0
Psephenidae
Psephenus Spp. 0 O 0 0 4 0 2
LEPIDOPTERA 0 0 5 0 0 0 O
Pyralidae
Paraponyx Spp. O 0 5 16 O O 2
DIPTERA
Chironomidae .3 15 71 3 617 76 22
Simuliidae .5 0 0 O 68 0 0
Tipulidae O 0 0 O O O 4
Tabaniidae O 0 5 0 0 0 0
Scatophagidae 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Tipulidae 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Ceratopogonidae 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
Stratiomyiidae 0 0 O 0 O O 2

 

1Habitats were designated as follows: A = edge of stream without
macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C = riffle;
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream

97

Table A9. Abundance estimates for macroinvertebrates (numbers/m2
for A - E; average number per sample for drift and wood)
collected from the Red Cedar River, 11/23/80.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
ISOPODA 0 0 O 0 0 0 0
AMPHIPODA
Hyallela azteca O 34 130 174 11 163 O
DECAPODA
Orconectes Spp. 0 0 0 O O 11 O
TURBELLARIA 0 1.3 O 0 0 0 0
GASTROPODA 0 .3 38 6 0 65 2
PELECYPODA
Sphaeriidae O 0 38 8 O O 37
OLIGOCHAETA 0 O 196 6 7 196 22
HIRUDINEA 0 0 0 O O 65 0
HYDRACARINA O 0 28 0 O 0 O
EPHEMEROPTERA
Leptophlebiidae
Paraleptophlebia Spp. 0 .3 49 30 4 11 O
Leptophlebia spp. 0 1 424 511 4 337 8
Heptageniidae
Stenacron spp. 0 3 0 6 7 O 0
Stenonema spp. 0 1.8 7 O 18 0 11
Baetidae
Baetis spp. O .5 0 0 0 0 0
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 0 0 11 0 0 O 0
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 0 O 11 6 0 0 0
Siphlonuridae
Isonychia'spp. 0 0 0 0 4 0 0

Continued

Table A9. (Continued)

98

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
PLECOPTERA
Taeniopterygidae
Taeniopteryx spp. .5 1 132 62 50 217 19
Perlidae
Acroneuria spp. O O 16 O O O 0
Perlinella spp. 0 0 5 3 0 0 0
ODONATA
Gomphidae
Gomphurus Spp. 0 0 11 0 0 0 0
Gomphus spp. 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Stylurus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 11 0
Coenagrionidae
Enallagma spp. 0 0 7 16 0 O O
Argia:Spp. 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
Calopterygidae
Calgpteryx Spp. O 0 0 8 0 11 O
HEMIPTERA
Corixidae .3 0 0 8 0 11 2
Pleidae 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
Nepidae 0 0 0 6 0 0 0
Belostomatidae 0 O 0 3 0 0 0
MEGALOPTERA
Sialidae
Sialis spp. .3 0 38 30 0 65 0
TRICHOPTERA
Hydropsychidae 0 23.8 45 19 298 65 22
Helicopsychidae 0 .5 3 0 11 11 0
Polycentropodidae O 1.5 5 33 11 O O
Limnephilidae 0 .3 141 22 0 76 0
Pupae Limnephilidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Continued

Table A9. (Concluded)

99

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Habitat1
Taxa Drift Wood A B C D E
Hydroptilidae O 0 1 0 4 0 0
Pupae Helicopsychidae 0 0 0 O 0 0 17
COLEOPTERA
Adult Elmidae
Stenelmis Spp. 0 .8 0 O 36 O 0
Dubiraphia spp. O 2.8 O 8 O 0 0
Macronychus glabratus 0 .8 0 3 0 0 0
Elmidae
Stenelmis Spp. 0 O 8 0 7 11 2
Dubiraphia spp. 0 .8 27 8 O 0 17
Macronychus_glabratus 0 .5 0 0 0 0 0
Adult Dytiscidae
Liodessus spp. O .5 0 6 O 0 0
Psepheniidae
Psephenus Spp. 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
LEPIDOPTERA O 0 0 0 O O 0
DIPTERA
Chironomidae 0 54.8 277 81 767 348 560
Pupae Chironomidae 0 0 0 0 4 O 0
Adult Chironomidae 0 0 0 0 O 0 8
Simuliidae . 8 o o o 7 o 2
Tipulidae O 0 7 0 4 11 15
Pupae Tipulidae 0 O 1 0 0 0 0
Ceratopogonidae O O 16 0 O 44 148
Tabanidae O 0 22 6 0 11 0
Scatophagidae 0 O 5 6 0 0 O

 

1

Habitats were designated as follows:

macrophytes; B = edge of stream with macrophytes; C
D = pools; E = sandy areas towards middle of stream

A:

riffle;

edge of stream without

 

 

 

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