. -5--- ‘v‘fdu-A ‘. 11-; “W“ "Ilium lllfillillllll‘lll 'fl’HEs'c LIBRARY 31293 10757 6898_ Michigan State University l *— This is to certify that the thesis entitled A LAND MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR RUFFED GROUSE AND TIMBER REVENUES presented by Gretchen A. Haysiip has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Sciencedegfimin Fisheries and Wildlife BZMJ/Q/ZA Major professor Date 11-8-84 0-7639 MSU is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution A LAND MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR RUFFED GROUSE AND TIMBER REVENUES BY Gretchen Ann Hayslip A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Fisheries and Wildlife 1984 ABSTRACT A LAND MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR RUFFED GROUSE AND TIMBER REVENUES By Gretchen Ann Hayslip This paper introduces an interactive computer model for forest landowners who want to manage their land for ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). The model identifies grouse activity centers based upon the types and ages of the vegetation present on the user's land as needed by grouse for food, shelter and reproduction. It predicts the number of grouse present on the user's land without habitat management. The model predicted a range of grouse numbers that include the numbers of grouse estimated by actual field surveys. The model then recommends the blocks of land to be cut and predicts the number of grouse that will reproduce on the land- owner's property if they follow the computer generated cutting plan. It also shows the landowners the revenues they will recieve from cutting timber on their land. Landowners are given the opportunity to try their own cutting plans for comparison with the computer recommended plan. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Leslie Littlehale, Debbie Gray, Jon Urbain, Tom Prawdzik, and the members of my committee Glenn Dudderar, Dr. Lawrence Libby, and Dr. Daniel Talhelm for their help and guidance with this project. I would like to thank the Ruffed Grouse Society for their support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................... 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS ....................................... 8 RESULTS ................................................... 74 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................... 76 APPENDIX A ................................................ 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 95 iii LIST OF TABLES B912 2292 1. Program MAIN ............................................. 16 2. Subroutine NOMGMT ........................................ 21 3. Subroutine MGMT .......................................... 26 4. Subroutine AGEIT ......................................... 34 5. Subroutine CKNCT ......................................... 36 6. Subroutine NOWPOP ........................................ 40 7. Subroutine PLOTTR ........................................ 46 8. Subroutine CUTS .......................................... SO 9. Subroutine SITES ......................................... 52 IO. Subroutine DECODR ....................................... 54 ll. Subroutine INTRO ........................................ 56 12. Subroutine RETURNS ...................................... 58 13. Subroutine ENDING ....................................... 6O 14. Subroutine OWNCUT ....................................... 64 15. Subroutine PRNTRE ....................................... 7O 16. Subroutine MAPKEY ....................................... 73 17. Computer Program for model .............................. 77 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Vegetation types and related age classes used by model ..... 8 2. Three conditions necessary for the model to predict an activity center ........................................... 38 INTRODUCTION Many landowners would like to know how to better manage their land for ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and to be able to predict timber revenue/grouse trade-offs. Private citizens own land for, numerous reasons, including recreation, hunting, fishing, aesthetics, and timber revenues to name a few. According to the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 2,309,000 people hunted for grouse in 1980 (USFWS, 1982a, p.23); 166,500 in Michigan (USFWS, 1982b, p.9). However, landowners are often reluctant to harvest timber on their land. The reasons behind this include the belief that leaving a forest alone will maximize its benefits, ignorance of the necessary treatments, and a general mistrust of both loggers and timber harvesting procedures. This paper introduces an interactive computer model for land- owners and shows them how to manage their land for grouse and timber revenue/grouse trade-offs. The model first predicts the number of grouse on the user's land without any habitat management. It predicts the grouse starting at present, and continues to predict the population at ten-year intervals for as long as users desire to manage their land. Then it prescribes a grouse-oriented tree harvesting strategy and predicts the number of grouse and timber revenues that will result from this strategy. Comparing grouse numbers with and without habitat management demonstrates to land- owners the advantages of managing their woodlot. Further, this model provides landowners with a tool to see how harvesting timber on their land will affect their grouse population before they actually out any trees. The landowners are also given the opportunity to try out their own cutting plans in the model. Then the users can compare the grouse numbers, revenues and present values from cutting the timber according to their own cutting plan with the results of the computer generated cutting strategy. LITERATURE REVIEW Mature ruffed grouse spend their entire lives in a small area, being a non-migratory species. Therefore, good grouse habitat must contain the required food and shelter for the species in a relatively small area. Michigan's grouse range is generally located in the northern half of the lower peninsula, the upper peninsula, and throughout pockets of forest in the agricultural areas in the southern part of the state (Palmer, 1963). Each area occupied by a grouse pair contains an activity center, defined as a "central area of intensive activity in the proximity of one or more drumming logs used by a single male grouse" (Gullion, 1967, p.89). If a young adult male tries to occupy an activity center already defended by another male, he must challenge, move on or die. Hens mate only once a season and raise their broods without any assistance from the male. After a three week incubation period, hens lay an average of ten eggs in a clutch (Gullion, 1972). Soon after the eggs have hatched, the hen leads her brood from the nest and neither the hen, nor her brood, return to the nesting site. If the first clutch of a hen is lost, the hen may renest. Gullion (1972) expects no more than three or four chicks of a brood of ten will surviVe the summer. Ruffed grouse are browsers whose diet consists of the buds, fruits, leaves, and twigs of various shrubs, herbs, and trees. A primary characteristic of good grouse habitat is a diversity of plant species (Bump et al., 1947). The larger the number of required vegetation types within an area, the greater the number of grouse that can be expected in that area. Brood Cover Generally, hatching begins during the last week in May and continues until the second week in July, with the peak being the first week in June (Kubisiak, 1978). 'In Alberta, Rusch and Keith (1971b) found the average number of eggs per nest to be eleven, while in Minnesota Gullion (1972) found an average of ten. During the first ten days following hatching broods may move considerable distances while remaining in either upland hardwoods or brush areas. Following this time period broods settle into a more definte range for the remainder of their brood life. Survival rates for the entire twelve week brood period are 51 percent according to Rusch and Keith (1971b). The diet of young grouse is mostly insects, but by the middle of July it has changed to plant material (Bump et al., 1947). Ruffed grouse broods require an interspersion of feeding and shelter areas with frequent access to herbaceous vegetation. Ruffed grouse use dense sucker stands of aspen (Populus app.) less than ten years old for brood cover (Gullion, 1972). According to Bump et al. (1947), the cover most frequented by broods were overgrown areas deficient in conifers, patches of aspen, birch (Betula spp.) or alder (Alnus §gg.), second growth hardwoods and recently cut over areas. Females with broods spend most of their time from mid June to early August in lowland and aspen areas. 0n the Sandhill Wildlife area, Wisconsin, 94 percent of all broods were flushed in either aspen stands or within 100 meters of an aspen stand (Kubisiak, 1978). Winter, Nesting, and Breeding Cover Male ruffed grouse display intensely territorial social behavior. Drumming by males in spring is an announcement to females and a warning to other males. Males usually establish individual terri- tories during their first fall and winter. Rusch and Keith (1971b) give some evidence that some young males are non-territorial and that the proportion of these non-territorial males is inversely related to population density in the Rochester, Alberta area. Once territories are established, the birds become sedentary and spend most of their time within a quarter mile radius. Drumming activity is most intensive during the spring but some logs are closely attended throughout the summer. Fall drumming log attendance approaches spring activity levels (Gullion, 1967). The surrounding vegetation is the most important factor in the selection of drumming sites. In Minnesota, Gullion and Marshall (1968) found few losses from predation occur on the drumming log itself, rather the losses occur in the proximity of the log, the activity center. It is believed that predators learn to attack the grouse while they are on their way to or from the perennial drumming log. Palmer (1963), Boag and Sumanik (1969), and Rusch and Keith (1971a) indicate that male ruffed grouse select sites with a high density of woody stems and a sparce canopy of low shrubs. Drumming male grouse display a strong preference for aspen according to many authors including Kubisiak, (1978); Boag and Sumanik, (1969); and Gullion, (1972). Gullion and Marshall (1968) found that the survival of grouse declined as the frequency of tall pine trees (Eigg§.§gg.) increased within the Cloquet forest area, Minnesota. The larger proportion of kill found by Rusch and Keith (1971a) in both the spruce (Eig§§.§gp,) forest and near the spruce—aspen edge in Alberta, indicates that coniferous cover may be detrimental to ruffed grouse. The selection of a drumming site with a lower density of shrubs and a higher density of stems of young trees, affords protection from raptors and early detection of ground predators. In general, ruffed grouse live in the portion of North America where temperatures are below zero for extended periods and snow is on the ground for much of the winter. Where deep soft snow is available, grouse spend the coldest parts of the winter in burrow- roosts several inches below the snow surface. Therefore, snow depth and quality is an important factor affecting grouse populations. If snow conditions are not suitable for burrowing, it could result in either increased predation, or a worsening of the general body condition of the grouse. Female ruffed grouse prefer areas lacking in coniferous cover for nesting, in particular pole stage aspen (Gullion, 1972). Accor- ding to Bump et al. (1947) females also prefer second growth hard- woods for nesting. Winter Food For the Connecticut Hill study area, New York, Bump et al. (1947) found that ruffed grouse are attracted to coniferous areas in the winter. Dorney (1959) in Wisconsin, Gullion (1970) in Minnesota, and Berner and Gysel (1969) in Michigan, did not find such a distinct attraction to conifers in the winter. According to Dorney (1959), 5 grouse prefer northern hardwoods areas for roosting. Flower buds of aspen are the most important source of winter food for grouse (Gullion, 1972). Dorney (1959) found ironwood (Caprinus spp.) to be the principal winter food of grouse, however in this area of northern Wisconsin, aspen is rare. Soft snow is used for roosting and furnishes protection from winds and cold temperatures. Grouse obtain most of their food from upland tree species, so the presence of soft snow allows the birds to feed and roost in the same general area. Other Factors Influencing Grouse Populations Predation In Minnesota, Gullion and Marshall (1968) found that the ground level food resources in most Cloquet forest habitats appeared equally satisfactory for adult grouse, but some forest habitats provide better cover for raptors, primary predators of ruffed grouse. Grouse have cryptic coloration, so that the best grouse cover occurs where the bird can maintain continuous surveillance of their surroundings. A canopy of deciduous trees provide the best cover to protect grouse against predation (Gullion, 1972). Hunting According to several authors (Bump et al., 1947; Gullion and Marshall, 1968; and Palmer and Bennett, 1963) the general effect of man's hunting on grouse populations is not detrimental. In Michigan, Palmer and Bennett (1963) found that populations on both hunted and unhunted areas declined by approximately 50 percent from late Septem- ber to mid December. The more grouse that hunters harvest early in the season the less grouse remain available to predators later in the season. Cycles Ruffed grouse and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) are considered the principle prey species involved in the ten-year cycle of northern forested regions. The chronologies of the fluctuations in these species have been similar, with a tendency for grouse to be the first to peak and the first to decline (Rusch and Keith, 1971b). The periodic fluctuations are not so much the result of accelerated losses among grouse as they are a failure to recruit young birds each season (Gullion, 1970). Most hypotheses on ten-year cycles consider intrinsic factors, such as territorial behavior and genetic quality, to be more important in the determination of grouse popul- ation numbers than extrinsic factors such as climate, food, predation, and disease. Both in Alberta (Rusch and Keith, 1971b), and in Minnesota (Gullion, 1970) , predation is the most important proximal source of grouse mortality. In the Rochester area, Alberta, the increased survival of young grouse, and thus an increase in the numbers of grouse, seemed to be a function of lowered rates of predation on grouse (Rusch and Keith, 1971b). It is believed that these extrinsic factors, while critical sources of mortality, involve losses of surplus birds that would have died anyway. However, two facts which imply that extrinsic factors may have some effect upon the cyclic fluctuations in ruffed grouse numbers are the synchrony of fluctuations throughout much of the ruffed grouse range, and the large numbers of grouse lost through predation. More recent theories include the decreased digestability of tree buds due to an increase in the presence of phenols resulting from increased consumption by high numbers of grouse (Gullion, unpublished report at the Ruffed Grouse Society Workshop, Michigan State University, 1983.) Need for the Model This model is desgined for use by private forest landowners. Many private woodlot owners do not practice good management for a variety of reasons including the belief that leaving a forest alone will maximize its benefits, ignorance of the necessary treatments and a general mistrust of both loggers and timber harvesting procedures (Koelling and Kidd, 1982). In a Minnesota study, only five percent of the respondents stated that a forest management plan had been made for all or any part of their land (Ellefson et al., 1982). Another ten percent of the landowners responded that they planned to prepare a management plan within the next five years and an additional 25 percent indicated that they might prepare a plan in the future (Ellefson et al., 1982). In Maine, Zeichick and O'Keefe (1983) also reported that many woodlots are totally unmanaged, or managed indifferently. MATERIAL AND METHODS This model identifies ruffed grouse activity centers based upon the types and ages of the vegetation present on a piece of land. The landowners input information used by the model concerning their land. The land map, prepared by landowners, consists of an 8 column by 16 row grid, or 128 blocks, with each block representing a 2.5 acre section of land. For each 2.5 acre block, the type and age of the vegetation within the block must be determined. Figure 1 lists the vegetation types and related age classes. Hardwood trees are divided into two types. The first type, lowland hardwoods, include white ash (Fraxinus americana), soft maple (Egg; spp.), elm (Ulgg§_§pp,), and cottonwoods (Populus deltoides). The Second type, upland hard- woods, includes black walnut (Juglans nigra), black cherry (Prunus spp.), red oak (Quercus spp.), beech (Fagus ggg.) and yellow birch. The conifer type consists of pine, spruce, white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and fir (Abies §pg.). Alder, dogwood (Cornus spp.), winterberry (Ilnex Egg.) and other shrub species constitute the brush type. VEGETATION TYPE AGE CLASSES (IN YEARS) ASPEN 0-10 LOWLAND HARDWOODS 11—20 UPLAND HARDWOODS 21-30 SWAMP CONIFERS/PINES 31—40 FIELDS 41-50 BRUSH 51-50 MARSH _ 51—70 WATER (PONDS AND LAKES) 71-80+ Figure 1. Vegetation types and related age classes used by model Landowners enter the vegetation type and related age class for each block of their land. The landowners are asked the age of the vegetation on their land, as opposed to site index, stem density, or other measures, because it is probably the least difficult for them to determine. Users also input the total footage of rivers, streams and/or roads on their property. They also decide how many years they want their land to be managed, between 30 and 80 (in multiples of 10). Prediction of Grouse Populations For this model three conditions must be present in order for a breeding pair of grouse to be present on the land. First, aspen greater then 21 years of age are required for winter food. Second, either upland hardwoods 21-60 years old, conifers 21-30 years old, 11—20 year old aspen, or lowland hardwoods 21-50 years old are needed to provide winter, nesting and breeding cover. Third, either aspen or lowland hardwoods up to ten years old, upland hardwoods up to twenty years old, or brush of any age must be present for brood cover. Other authors, including Gullion (1972) and Dorney (1959), have demonstrated the use of these vegetation types by ruffed grouse for this region of the country. Activity centers predicted by this model are due to any one of three factors: the juxtaposition of vegetation types; openings produced by fields, marshes, lakes, and/0r ponds; and borders caused by rivers, roads and/or streams. First, however, the four squares of land surrounding each block are checked to see if they contain an activity center. Due to male ruffed grouse territoriality, activity centers can not be within ten acres of one another. If the surrounding squares do not contain activity centers, the model then checks the type and age of the vegetation within each block to determine if it meets any of the three conditions previously stated. If within the block itself, or the square above it, to the right of it, or diagonally to the right of it, these three vegetative conditions are met, then an activity center will exist. The total acreage of fields, marsh, lakes, and/or ponds divided by 40, results in the number of activity centers due to openings. For every quarter mile of river, road and/or stream present on the land, another activity center is cal- culated. The total number of activity centers is determined by 10 adding up the centers due to vegetation, openings and borders. However, no more than one activity center can be expected per ten acres due to grouse territoriality (Gullion, 1972). Therefore, if the total number of activity centers is calculated to be larger“ thanimmzper ten acres, this number is reduced. The model gives a range for both the number of spring breeding pairs and fall populations. The fall population is estimated to contain within each activity center the breeding pair plus three to four chicks. If all of the activity centers calculated for the land are due to vegetation, the total number of birds will range between five and Six times the number of activity centers. In the case of zero activity centers, 0-1 pairs and 0-6 total birds will be predicted for the land, because of the natural variability of grouse populations. If the total number of activity centers is greater than the number of pairs due to vegetation, then the number of grouse determined to be present will be between the number of pairs due to vegetation (and this number multiplied by five birds) and the total number of pairs (and this number multi- plied by Six birds). However, if there are zero activity centers calculated due to vegetation, but the total number of centers is greater than zero, the number expected will lie between zero pairs (zero birds) and the total number of pairs (this number times six birds). The reason behind this is that although the land contains enough openings and/or borders to support a breeding pair, if it does not provide sufficient food and cover, grouse may not be present on the land. The model also projects future grouse populations on the land entered by landowners, in ten-year increments. Recommending a Timber Harvesting Plan' After the model predicts the grouse population without any management, it prescribes a cutting plan for the landowners to follow in order to maximize the grouse population on their land. Timber is harvested in 2.5 acre blocks at ten year intervals start- ing with the present year and continuing as long as the landowners ll desire. The three vegetation types cut; aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods, provide the most productive habitat for ruffed grouse in this region of the country. Other tree and Shrub Species produce grouse but less is known about their management. The grouse population on the land, as altered by the cutting plan, is predicted starting with year ten and continues in ten year increments for as long as the landowners desire. The cutting procedure recommended by the computer harvests timber on the landowner's property to achieve an interspersion of age classes. The details as to which blocks of land are recommended to be cut is presented in the subroutine MGMT section. In addition the computer shows the revenues the landowners recieve if they follow the recommended cutting plan. ‘ Calculating Timber Revenues Before the model determines revenues from the acres of timber cut, the landowners are given the opportunity to change, if desired, the prices used for mature aspen, lowland hardwoods, upland hard- woods, and/or swamp conifers/pines. The prices the model uses are representative of prices found in the northern half of the lower peninsula of Michigan for medium stocked, medium productive sites determined from an average of 1983 stumpage prices from Timber Mart North (1983). The model lists revenues from those acres out within the past ten years only, and the net present value of revenues generated up until this point in time. Equation (1) is used to calculate the net present value: Net Present Value = R (l) (l + i)t Where: R = timber revenues i = interest rate t = time (years) The goal of the prescribed cutting plan is to maximize the grouse population on the user‘s land. However user's may want to consider maximizing their revenues, altering their cash flow 12 patterns, maximizing their present value or some combination. After the model gives it's management recommendations and the expected number of grouse and revenues for the user's land, landowners have the opportunity to enter their own cutting plan. In the cutting plan generated by the model, swamp conifers/pines are not cut because they are not as beneficial for grouse as the other tree types. However, landowners may decide to cut them on their land, so the revenues and net present values generated from swamp conifers/pines are listed for the cutting plan entered by landowners. Program MAIN This program accepts a piece of land as an input, predicts the number of grouse on the land at present and produces grouse- maximizing cutting plan. Landowners may enter a cutting plan of their own which will also be evaluated for the change in grouse population and timber revenues. Any name beginning with the char- acters A-Z is assumed to be an integer. LAND, dimensioned 16 (rows) by 8 (columns), is the two-digit vegetation-age code for the land within each square. CENTRS denotes whether or not an activity center is present on each block. No activity centers occur in the first row or last column due to a lack of surrounding vegetation. This is a function of the manner in which adjacent blocks are checked in the subroutine MGMT. LNDCPY is a copy of the LAND matrix. AGES represents the age of the vegetation within each block. TRECUT, is the number of blocks cut of each of three types of vegetation (aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods), eight age classes of vegetation and for each quarter of the management plan. TOTCUT gives the total number of blocks cut of each of the three vegetative types and eight age classes. YRTEMP, ACRES and PRICE all have real number values. Both RESPND and ANSWER are three characters in length. The common blocks LANDS, PARAMS and SECTOR represent variables used elsewhere in the program. LOCALE, dimensioned 16 (rows) by 8 (columns), is the location of each block within the grid map. For example, the blocks in the first row have the values 1-8 and 9 is the first block in the second row. First, the LAND, AGES, and CENTRS matrices are initialized to zero and the LOCALE matrix is set from 1 to 128 (Table la, lines 7-14). Then the users are asked if they want a printed copy of the instruc- tions; if RESPND equals yes, then the subroutine INTRO is called. The subroutine MAPKEY is called to remind the users of the age and the vegetation codes that are to be entered for both those who 13 14 requested a copy of the instructions and those who did not. LCOUNT, the number of blocks of land that are of vegetative types used by grouse (aspen, lowland hardwoods, upland hardwoods, swamp conifers/ pines, and brush) is set equal to zero. The users are then prompted to enter the two-digit vegetation-age code for each LOCALE. The computer reads this as BLOCK. If BLOCK equals -1, the users have finished entering their land. IF BLOCK is less than -1, between 01 and 09, or greater than 89, the computer tells the users that the number that they have entered, for the block in question, is not valid, and it asks them to enter another number. TYP equals LAND divided by ten, and ACE is the remainder. If the type of vegetation is one of those listed as being used by grouse (TYP = l,2,3,4, or 6) then one is added to LCOUNT (Table 1b, lines 19-29). N is set equal to I (the number of rows) minus one, and M equals eight. The users then enter the number of feet of streams, rivers and/or roads on their property, the computer reads this as RIVNRD. ACRES, the number of acres of land used by grouse, equals LCOUNT multiplied by 2.5. MAXGRS, the maximum number of activity centers expected on the land due to grouse territoriality, equals ACRES divided by ten. The landowners then enter how many years they want to manage their land, and the computer reads this as YEARS. YRTEMP equals YEARS divided by ten. YEARS is reset equal to YRTEMP multiplied by ten and rounded off to the nearest integer, making YEARS a mult- iple of ten. The subroutine NOMGMT is called to predict the breeding pairs of grouse without any habitat management (Table lb, lines 52-55). Next, PRICE is set for each of the eight age classes and four of the vegetative types (aspen, lowland hardwoods. upland hardwoods, swamp conifers/pines). The computer shows the users the prices for mature stands (AGE = 8) of the three vegetation types used in the subroutine MGMT and asks if they would like to change this price. If RESPND equals yes, the users enter their own prices and the computer reads these numbers as PRICE for the vegetation type and at AGE = 8. Now the subroutine MGMT is called to prescribe a tree harvesting plan (Table 1d, lines 9—13). 15 The computer asks the landowners if they have a cutting plan of their own they would like to enter. If ANSWER equals yes, the users are Shown the price for mature swamp conifers/pines and asked if they want to change this price. If RESPND equals yes, the users enter a price and the computer reads it as PRICE (4,8). The sub- routine OWNCUT is called to evaluate their cutting plan. Finally, the computer calls the subroutine ENDING to print the closing remarks. OONOU§UNW 16 Table la. Program MAIN ___\ I - 2.16 3 CONTINUE WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE THE INSTRUCTIONS PRINTED OUT? ENTER YES OR NO ,xI-x-+1 LOCALE(I.J) - K LAND(I,J) - 0 ACES(I,J) - O J _ 1.7 L2 CONTINUE a courmuz GENERSU'J’ .‘ J 36 38 MAPKEY 39 1 4 ‘ ' ‘ 411500111" - 0 ] 6 CONTINUE v— PRINT LOCALE(I,J) ENTER BLOCK: Ii ELI READ BLOCK-NEo-R 00R. 1LOCK.CT.89 1' THE TWO DIGIT CODE YOU ENTERED FOR BLOCK X HAS PLEASE ENTER THE TWO DIGIT CODE FOR THIS BLOCK AGAIN: 17 Table 1b. Program MAIN (cont'd) F l ‘ READ 2 1L BLOCK 3 a i - 5 ._ : /////ENTER THE NUMBER IF 8 OP PEEI' OP STREAMS, A P BLOCK T 9 RIVERS. AND/OR ROADS 1 \\\;::;;:///’ 10 ON YOUR PROPERTY. - . 11 OECTNAESVNNDE NUMBER‘ it LAND(I,J) - BLOCK 12 FRACTIONS ARE NOT ACES(I.J) - MOD(LNDCPY(I.J). ‘3 PERMITTED 1°) 14 TYP(I.J) - LAND(I.J)/10 15 16 17 18 19 20 i; READ 1' 23 RIVNRD 24 25 I 26 ACRES - 2.5*LCOUNT . i; NANCRS - ACRES/10 LCOUNT _ LCOUNT 29 I l 30 11 I 1‘ l 32 33 FOR How MANY YEAR“ (ITO 3: 35 NOULD YOU LIKE TO N - I-1 36 MANAGE YOUR LAND? H - 8 37 ENTER A MULTIPLE or 38 :3 BETUEEN 30 AND I J 39 40 41 i 62 I 43 44 READ as YEARS 46 [ a: at YRTEMP - YEARS/10.0 :9 YEARS - NINT(YRTEHP * 10) 5 - 5 l 5. CALL 5 NONCNT s 56 I s 58 LIST THE PRICES FOR THE POUR 59 VEGETATION TYPES AND THE EIGHT 6c ACE CLASSES. 61 62 T QQNO‘U‘5UN—0 18 Table 1c. Program MAIN (cont'd) ‘Y FOR MATURE ASPEN WE USING A PRICE OF (PRICE(1,8)) DOLLARS PER ACRE. DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE THIS PRICE? '1 READ RESPND IF ESPND LI .EQ.YES 1 FOR MATURE LOWLAND HARDWOODS WE ARE USING A PRICE OF (PRICE(2.8)) DOLLARS PER ACRE. DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE THIS Y L 7 YOU WOULD LIKE TO USE. l [/ENTER THE PRICE THAT l f v v mun PRICE(1,B I READ RESPND IF RESPND T .EQ. .: ‘:3 YES ENTER THE PRICE THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO ENTER ‘7 I; READ PRICE(2.8 J r’ l OR MATURE UPLAND HARD- OODS WE ARE USING A PRICE F (PRICE(3.R)) $/ACRE. DO 0U UANT TO CHANGE THIS? I READ RESPND OQNOU‘FUN— .19 Table 1d. Program MAIN (cont'd) T I ENTER THE PRICE THAT YOU WOULD * ITYF T“ "Q? v r M READ PRICE(3,8) I - CALL MGMT DO YOU HAVE A CUTTING PLAN THAT - 7 READ ANSWER HE ARE USING A PRICE OF (PRICE(4.8)) DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE IT? READ RESPND ENTER THE PRICE THE PRICE THAT YOU UOULD LIKE TO USE I READ PRICE(4,8) I I w—v CALL OHNCUT I CALL ENDINC Subroutine NOMGMT This subroutine predicts the number of breeding grouse pairs on the user's land if there is no habitat management. Any name begin- ning with the characters A-Z is assumed to be an integer. LAND, dimensioned 16 by 8, was entered in the main program and represents the vegetative type and age of each block of land. The CENTRS (activity centers) array is dimensioned 16 by 7, and was initialized to zero in the main program. LNDCPY is a copy of the LAND matrix, dimensioned 16 by 8, for manipulation. AGES, also dimensioned 16 by 8, indicates the age of the vegetation of the block of land. 0f the items in the common block /LANDS/, only LAND, LNDCPY, CENTRS, AGES, and YEARS are used in this subroutine. First, this subroutine makes copies of the original LAND and AGES matrices for manipulation (Table 2, lines 4-11). It then calls subroutine NOWPOP which predicts the grouse population at present on the land entered. The next step is to convert any brush and/or fields over 40 years old to lowland hardwoods 11-20 years old. Then the age of the vegetation present is increased by ten years, unless there is no vegetation present, or unless the age is 80 (Table 2, lines 46-54). NOWPOP is called again to predict the grouse population on the newly aged land. The conversion of brush and/or fields to lowland hardwoods, the aging of the vegetation on the land, and the prediction of the grouse population, are repeated for the number of years indicated in the main program. 20 OQNOU§UNH 21 Table 2. Subroutine NOMGMT PRESENT WRITE: BELOW IS YOUR GROUSE SITUATION AT CALL NOWPOP 3 CONTINUE L LNDCPY(I.J) - LAND(I.JS AGES(I.J) - HOD(LNDCPY(I,J) 10) CALL NOWPOP ‘ RETURN > 1 , ACE -HOD(LNDCPY(I,J), TYP -LNDCPY(I.J)/IO l2 CONTINUE ‘fi‘- -—+ 7—} I - 1.16 ‘ 5 CONTINUE J ' 1'8 s CONTINUE I - 2.3 6 CONTINUE 4 BELOW IS YOUR GROUSE SITUATIO UITHOUT MANAGEMENT N / TYP.EQ.5 .OR.TYP.EQ.6& K.EQ.40 - 22 AGES(I.J) l - 2 I J).10) ACES(I.J) HOD(LNDCPY ~LNDCPY(I,Jj Subroutine MGMT This subroutine calculates the number of activity centers on the land, prescribes a cutting plan within each manageable vegetation type, and calculates the change in the number of activity centers due to the cutting plan. Current revenues, acres cut in the past ten years, total acres cut and the net present value of the timber revenues will be listed. Any name beginning with the characters A-Z is assumed to be an integer. G0 is a logical statement that decides if there are years left to manage the land. LAND, CENTRS, LNDCPY, and AGES are all defined and dimensioned as they were in previous subroutines. TRECUT, dimensioned 3 by 8 by 8, represents the number of acres cut in each age class of aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods for every ten year period. The first number, 3, stands for the three vegetation types; the second number, 8, denotes the age class of the vegetation; and the third number, 8, represents the particular time period of the management plan during which the vegetation was cut. TOTCUT, dimen- sioned 3 by 8, is a running total of all acres cut in each of the three vegetation types and eight age classes, irrespective of the time period they were cut. Of the items in the common block /LANDS/, LAND, LNDCPY, CENTRS, AGES, YEARS, TRECUT, and TOTCUT are used in this subroutine. First, the computer sets both the TRECUT and TOTCUT arrays to zero. Then a copy is made of the LAND matrix (LNDCPY) for mani- pulation. The value AGES is the remainder of LNDCPY divided by ten, and it represents the age of the vegetation on each block (Table 3a, lines 27-33). Next, KOUNT is set equal to YEARS. YEARS, the number of years the land is to be managed, was entered in the main program. 0, representing the time period or quarter of the cutting plan, is given the value of two. The quarters are the time period of the cutting plan and may range from 1 to 8, with each quarter representing a ten year period. For example, the first quarter (Q = 1), denotes 22 23 years 0-10. The cutting starts in the first quarter, but the variable 0 is not used until after the second quarter or time period. During the first quarter, the odd row and odd column squares of LNDCPY are out if of the types and ages designated in the subroutine CKNCT by calling this subroutine (Table 3a, lines 48-53). Subroutine CKNCT evaluates the types and ages of the vegetation and decides which blocks to cut. It keeps track of what types of vegetation and ages of vegetation were cut, and the quarter that they were cut in. Subroutine CKNCT cuts vegetation if it is either aspen, lowland hardwoods or upland hardwoods and over ten years of age. TYP, the vegetation type of the block, is LNDCPY divided by ten. ACE is the remainder of LNDCPY divided by ten. Both TYP and ACE are defined within each 00 loop that does any cutting, including the subroutine CKNCT. Next, any aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods 51 to 70 years of age are cut in the odd row and even column squares of LNDCPY. These values are stored in the TRECUT and TOTCUT arrays (Table 3b, lines 21—32). Then the even row, odd column squares of the same ages and types as before are cut and stored (Table 3b, lines 45-55). Up until this point all of the cuts that have been made were in the first year of the management plan, or in O = 1. Now the first round of cutting is complete. KOUNT, the variable that tells how many years are left to manage the land, is decreased by ten. PLOTTR is called to make a map to Show the user where to make the first set of cuts. Next, PRNTRE is called to print out acres of each type cut in the past ten years, the revenues from these acres, the total of all acres of each type cut and the net present value of the revenues. Then AGEIT is called to age all of the land, including those blocks just out. To Show the effect of cutting upon the grouse population, NOWPOP is called to give the grouse Situation after ten years (Table 3c, lines 48-52). Now the second round of cutting begins. First the odd row, even column squares of LNDCPY are out, if they are of the designated type and age, by calling CKNCT. Then the even row, odd column squares of 51-60 year old aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods are 24 cut. This completes the cutting that is to be done in the second quarter (0 = 2) or year 10. Timber is harvested in the beginning of each quarter. PLOTTR and PRNTRE are called to print out the map and listing of acres and revenues. AGEIT is called to age the land ten more years, then NOWPOP gives the grouse population after twentv years. KOUNT is decreased by ten (Table 3d, lines 50-53). Now the third round of cutting begins. From this point on the users may enter from between 30 and 80 years as the length of time they desire their land to be managed. One is now added to O, which was set to two earlier in the program, so we are now in the third quarter (0 = 3) or year twenty. The logical CD will be true when there are still years left to manage. The even row, even column squares of land are cut, if they are of the designated type and age, by calling CKNCT (Table 3e, lines 5-10). PLOTTR and PRNTRE are called again. KOUNT is decreased by ten, and Q is increased by one. AGEIT is called to age the vegetation ten years. NOWPOP gives the grouse Situation on the land after (YEARS - KOUNT) number of years of management (Table 3e, lines 34-38). Now, if KOUNT equals zero, there are no more years left to manage. If KOUNT does not equal zero the computer continues with the subroutine. In the fourth round of cutting, the fourth quarter (0 = 4) or year 30, the even row, odd column squares are cut by CKNCT. PLOTTR and PRNTRE are called, KOUNT is decreased by ten, and Q is increased by one as in earlier rounds. AGEIT is called to age the vegetation ten years (Table 3f, lines 14-18). At this point, any brush and/or fields of any age are converted to lowland hardwoods 11-20 years old. NOWPOP is then called to determine the grouse Situation on the land. If KOUNT does not equal zero, then the fifth round (0 = 5) begins. In year 40, the fifth quarter, the odd row, odd column squares of land are cut by calling CKNCT. In the Sixth round (0 = 6) or year 50, if KOUNT does not equal zero, the odd row, even column squares are cut by calling CKNCT (Table 3f, lines 44-48). The seventh round (0 = 7) or year 60 goes back to what was done in the third round, cutting the even row, even column squares of land by calling CKNCT (Table 3g, lines 5-10). In the eighth round (0 = 8) or year 70, if KOUNT does not equal zero, CKNCT is called to cut the even row, odd column squares. In each round the trees are cut at the beginning of the quarter and the grouse situation is predicted at the end of the quarter. \OONO‘UL‘UND— 263 Table 3a. Subroutine MGMT l I - 1,3 99 CONTINUE J - 1,8 99 CONTINUE x - 1.8 T—T I - 1,3 TRECUT(I.J,K) - o 99 CONTINU I 98 CONTINUE J - 1,8 T !- f1_fiw TOTCUT(I.J) - O 98 CONTINUE - I I 4 I I - 1,16 1 CONTINUE J ' 1’8 fl LNDCPY(I,J) - LAND(I,J) 2 CONTINUE ACES(I.J) - MOD(LAND(I,J),IO) 4 I KOUNT - YEARS Q " 2 I-I,15,2 3 CONTINUE lo CONTINUE CALL CKNCT(I,J,1. l 4 1 \DWNO‘UfiUNI- 127 Table 3b. Subroutine MGMT (cont'd) 7 CONTINUE 5 CONTINUE TYP - LNDCPY(I,J)/IO AGE - HOD(LNDCPY(I,J) .10) 8 CONTINUE L V l 6 CONTINUE] A 6.0R.ACE. .EQ.7 LNDCPY(I,J) _- LNDCPY(I,J) - ACE TRECUT(TYP,AGE,1) - TRECUT(TYP,AGE,I) + 1 TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) ' TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) + I l I LNDCPY(I,J) I LNDCPY (1.3) - AGE TRECUT(TYP.AGE,I) - TRECUT(TYP.AGE.I) + l TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) - TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) + l mauouleuwr- 283 Table 3c. Subroutine MGMT (cont'd) ’2 ’1 TYP - LNDCPY(I.J)/10 AGE - HOD(LNDCPY(I.J),10) 9 CONTINUE KOUNT I KmMT-IO "RITE: BELOW Is UHERE YOU 7 CONTINUE YOU MAKE YOUR CBT CALL 4 PLOTTR I SRNTRE AL ‘I LNDCPY(I,J) - LNDCPY I7 (I,J) - AGE 1, TRECUT(TYP,ACE,1) - CALL TRECUT(TYP,AGE,1) + 1 ACEIT TOTCUT(TYP,ACE) - TOTCUT(TYP,ACE) + 1 BELON Is YOUR SI ROUSE I SITUATION FTER 10 YEARS 29 CONTINUE A ‘ CALL NONPOP OONO‘U‘5UN—o 30 CONTINU: CALL PLOTTR CALL PRNTRE CALL AGEIT 29 Table 3d. Subroutine MGMT (cont'd) 11 CONTINUE, SET OF BELOW IS NHERE YOU SHOULD MAKE YOUR 2nd CUTS 32 CONTINUE CALL ..-4 .:J TYPILNDCPY(I,J)/IO AGE-HOD(LNDCPY(I,J),IO) LNDCPY(I,J)ILNDCPY(I,J) - AGE TRECUT(TYP,AGE,2)I TRECUT(TYP,AGE,2) + I TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) I TOTCUT (TYP ,ACE) + l l CALL NOWPOP I KOUNT I KOUNT - IO IQ+1 GROUSE SITUATION AFTER YRS. I CO I TRUE BELOW IS THE Iv - 'fi “‘1 OQHO‘UL‘UN" 30 Table 3e. Subroutine MGMT (cont'd) BELOW IS YOUR NEXT 17 CONTINUE CKNCT SET OF CUTS CALL PLOTTR CALL PRNTRE CALL AGEIT CALL "RITE (YEARS-KOUNT AGEIT 33 CONTINUE BELOu IS YOUR GROUSE CALL l9 CONTIMIE CKNCT \DmNOUL‘UN-I 31 Table 3f. Subroutine MGMT (cont'd) CALL PLOTTR - , PRNTRE 7 RITE YEARS - OUNT CALL AGEIT 20 CONTINUE J - 1,8 CALL NOUPOP 21 CONTINUE T .EQ.6 AI , LNDCPY(I,J) - 22 ACES(I.J) - 2 CALL L PLOTTR CALL PRNTRE KOUNT I KOUNT - IO OQNOU§UN~ l 32 Table 3g. Subroutine MGMT (cont'd) WRITE YEARS -KOUN ‘ CALL AGEIT fl 1 CALL NOWPOP ® T ' [CO - . ALSE.] W, 1 CALL PLOTTR I I 2.3 I I 1.15.2 J I 2,8,2 38 CONTINUE I CALL PRNTRE .12 KOUNT - KOUNT - 10 Q - Q + 1 l WRITE YEARS - KOUNT T CALL AGEIT CALL PLOTTR $1 5 CONTINUE CALL CKNCT 14 FO' .FALSE, _II L__;L_ V ( RETURN I Subroutine AGEIT The purpose of this subroutine is to age the vegetation on the land. Integers are implicit from A to Z, and LAND, CENTRS, LNDCPY, and AGES are defined and dimensioned as in previous subroutines. Of the items in the common block /LANDS/ only LNDCPY, AGES and N are used. The vegetation is aged for eight columns and for N number of rows, where N is the number of rows that contain land entered in the main program. AGE equals the remainder of LNDCPY divided by ten. If ACE is less than eight and LNDCPY does not equal zero, the vegetation is aged by adding one to LNDCPY. Once the vegetation reaches AGE equals eight, there is no longer any need to age it because age class eight is 71-80 plus years of age. LNDCPY equals zero for any land that is not to be considered in the analysis. After the land is aged, AGES is set equal to the remainder of LNDCPY divided by ten (Table 4). 33 \DGNOUS‘UN—I RETURN 34 Table 4. Subroutine AGEIT I- LN I CONTINUE ‘ - 1.8 2 CONTINUE AGE I MOD(LNDCPY(I,J). IO) 8.AND. LNDCPY.NE. LNDCPY(I.J) - LNDCPY (I.J) +1 ACES(I .J) - NODtLNDCPY (I.J).10) Subroutine CKNCT This subroutine cuts the vegetation on a block if it is of the correct type and age. The variables 1,3, and Q are carried by this subroutine. Integers are implicit from A to 2. LAND, CENTRS, LNDCPY, AGES, TRECUT, and TOTCUT are all defined and dimensioned as in previous subroutines. Of the items in the /LANDS/ common block, only LNDCPY, AGES, TRECUT, and TOTCUT are used. TYP equals LNDCPY divided by ten. AGE is a whole number. AGES is then set equal to AGE. If the vegetation on the block is aspen, lowland hardwoods or upland hardwoods and it is between 11-80 years of age, then it is cut and the value is stored in the TRECUT and TOTCUT arrays. A block of vegetation is cut by subtracting AGE from LNDCPY (Table 5). 35 OQNOU§UN~ Table 5. Subroutine CKNCT I 36 f TYP I LNDCPY(I.J)/10 AGE I MOD(LNDCPY(I,J).IO) AGES(I,J) I AGE 1.AND.TYP. .LE.3 l.AND.AGE. .LT.8 LNDCPY(I.J) - LNDCPY(I,J) - ACE TRECUT(TYP.ACE.Q) - TRECUT(TYP.ACE.Q) + I TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) I TOTCUT(TYP,AGE) + l RETURN Subroutine NOWPOP This subroutine estimates the grouse population that is to be expected on the land entered. Any name, unless otherwise stated, beginning with the characters A-Z is assumed to be an integer. LAND, LNDCPY, CENTRS, and AGES are all defined and dimensioned here as they were in previous subroutines. CONOI, CON02, and COND3 are logical statements concerning the types of vegetation they must be present for an activity center to exist. PSBLAC represents possible activity centers. OPNING, a real value, represents the openings for grouse due to fields, marsh and/or water. Of the items in the common block /LANDS/, only LAND, LNDCPY, CENTRS, AGES, and YEARS are used in this subroutine. All items in the common block /PARAMS/ are utilized. RIVNRD is the number of feet of streams, rivers and/or roads on the user's land, a value entered in the main program. MAXGRS, the maximum number of grouse possible on the land, is calculated in the main program. First this subroutine Clears the CENTRS matrix and sets VEGAC, the number of activity centers due to the juxtaposition of vegetative types, equal to zero. Then the three conditions that are to be met are defined as: CONDl, vegetation provides winter resources and nesting cover; CON02, vegetation provides winter, nesting and breed- ing cover; and COND3, vegetation provides brood cover (Table 68, lines 10-17). Next, the computer checks for other activity centers near the block. If the block is too close to another activity center it is not a PSBLAC (a possible activity center). Then the four squares around the block in question are checked to see if there are activity centers present (Table 6a, lines 18-64). If these surroun- ding squares do not contain activity centers, then the vegetation type and the age of the block itself is Checked to see if it meets any of the three conditions. Figure 2 is a list of the three Conditions and the vegetation types and ages that will meet them. If within the block itself, or the square above it, to the right of it, or on the diagonal above and to the right of it, these three conditions are met, 37 38 then an activity center will exist (Table 6b, lines 20—65). This is an activity center due to the vegetation types, VEGAC. CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2 CONDITION 3 ASPEN 21-70 yrs. UPLANO HARDWOODS 21-60 yrs. BRUSH (any age) ASPEN 11-20 yrs. ASPEN 0—10 yrs. LOWLAND HARDWOODS 11-50 yrs. LOWLAND HARDWOODS 0-10 yrs. UPLAND HARDWOODS 0-20 yrs. Figure 2. Three conditions necessary for the model to predict an an activity center. Now NUMOPS, which represents the number of blocks containing fields, marsh and/or water, is set to zero: If a block contains fields, marsh and/or water of any age NUMOPS will equal one. The total NUMOPS are counted and multiplied by 2.5 to arrive at OPNING, the total acres of openings on the land. The activity centers due the vegetation associated with these openings, OPNAC, is calculated by dividing by 40 and rounding it off to the nearest integer. If more than ten but less than forty acres of openings exists, the computer counts one OPNAC (Table 6c, lines 39-46). For every quarter mile of rivers, roads and/or streams, one activity center is counted, BORDAC. To arrive at TOTAC, the total number of activity centers, BORDAC, OPNAC and VEGAC are added together. If TOTAC is greater than MAXGRS (from the main program), then TOTAC is set equal to MAXGRS (Table 6C, lines 54-61). If TOTAC and VEGAC are equal, the number of grouse pairs on the land is the TOTAC, and all of these activity centers will be printed out on the map. In the case where TOTAC and VEGAC are zero, the number of grouse pairs on the land is 0-1 and no activity centers appear on the map (Table 6d, lines 11-51). The reason behind printing out 0-1 pairs, instead of zero pairs, is that a pair of grouse may exist in marginal habitat if all other conditions are favorable. 39 If TOTAC iS greater than VEGAC (VEGAC>O), the computer prints out that there will be between VEGAC and TOTAC numbers of breeding grouse pairs. Only those pairs due to VEGAC will appear on the maps. The computer tells how many pairs on the land are due to the vegetation associated with openings and/or rivers, streams and/or roads (Table 6d, lines 18-51). If TOTAC is greater than VEGAC but‘ VEGAC is zero, the computer prints out that there Should be from zero to TOTAC number of breeding pairs of grouse. In this case, no activity centers are plotted on the maps but the computer lists the number of breeding pairs that may be present due to the vege- tation associated with openings and/or rivers, streams and/or roads (Table 6d, lines 18-51). If TOTAC is less than VEGAC, TOTAC number of breeding pairs are present on the land (Table 6d, lines 57-60). The only time this happens is if TOTAC is greater than MAXGRS, and thus it would be set back to MAXGRS due to grouse territoriality. Next, the range in actual numbers of birds is calculated and printed out. If TOTAC (TOTAC>O) equals VEGAC, or TOTAC is less than VEGAC, the range is from TOTAC times five, to TOTAC times six number of birds (Table 6e, lines 6-36). When both TOTAC and VEGAC equal zero the range lies between zero and Six birds. If TOTAC is greater than VEGAC (VEGAC>O), then the range is between VEGAC times five ' and TOTAC times six number of birds (Table 6e, lines 6-26). In the case of TOTAC greater than zero with VEGAC equal to zero, the number of birds is between zero and TOTAC times Six. Finally, the sub- routine PLOTTR is called to print out the activity centers (only VEGAC). @QVO‘U‘S‘UN—I 40 Table 6a. Subroutine NOWPOP VEGAC I O 3 CONTINUE l CONTINUE 4 CONTINUE 2 CONTINUE 'CENTRS(I,J) -o PSBLAC I .TRUE. CONDl I .FALSE. CONDZ I .FALSE. COND3 I .FALSE. fliill T T V? PSBLAC - PALSE v v—fi T e FALSE PSBLAC I FALSE I WQNOUS‘UNI— 41 Table 6b. Subroutine NOWPOP (cont'd) PSBLAC I FALSE If ‘1‘ _I‘2 6 CONTINUE TYP - LNDCPY(R,L)/Io ACE-HOD(LNDCPY(R,L),IO) IE GE.GE.3& T P.EQ.1&AGE .LT.8 IE ACE.CE.3 &AGE.LE.6&TYP CONDI .EQ.3 - TRUE IF AGE.EQ.2 P.EQ.1&TYP .LE.2 COND2 - IP TRUE ACE.CE. i . LC 3:A§3.;E.5 CONDZ - ' " TRUE IF ACE.CE. * 2&AGE.LE.3& T CONDZ - TYP.EQ.4 TRUE IF TYPgE° I CONDZ . TRUE IF IT AGE.GE.0 V7 LACE.CE.18TYP COND3 - CE.l&TYP.LE.2 TRUE a y ACE.CE.1 AGE.LE.2& CONDJ - ‘7 TYP.EQ.3 TRUE COND3 - TRUE Y OWNOU‘L‘UN—I 42 Table 6C. Subroutine NOWPOP (cont'd) 113111111 VEGAC I VEGAC + l NUMOPS I 0 OPNING I 2.5*NUHOPS OPNAC I NINT(O£NING/40) BORDAC I NINT(RIVNRD* 4.0/5280.0) OPNAC I I TOTAC I BORDAC + OPNAC + VEGAC ‘OQNO‘UFUN—o 43 Table 6d. Subroutine NOWPOP (cont'd) A OPNAC PAIRS DU OPENINGS I - 2.3 IF OTAC.E .9 CONTINUE new I T + OTAc.CT. I o WRITE T0T3C.LE. TOTAC ITE 0-1 PAIR AIRS I--. WRITE BETwEEN TOTAC a vECAc PAIRS ARE DUE TO VEG. V . E OPNAC PAIRS DUE To OPENIN s BORDAC PAIRS DUE To RIVNRDS .I T WRITE TOTAC PAIR I__ A OQNU‘UI‘UN" 411 Table 68. Subroutine NOWPOP (cont'd) IRDSl I VEGAC *5 IRDsz - TOTAC *6 BIRDSI - o BIRDsz - TOTAC*6 L l BIRDSII TOTAC*5 BIRDSZI TOTAC*6 BIRDSI I TOTAC*S BIRDSZ I TOTAC*6 BIRDSI I O BIRDSZ I 6 ‘7 I I Fl? 4 CALL 4‘ ’I ' ‘ PRNTRE ‘y 10 CONTINUE ONLY TOTAC OUT OF A POSSIBLE Q REPRESENT CTIVITY CENTE UE TO Subroutine PLOTTR This subroutine plots 8 map of the land. Any name beginning with the Characters A-Z is assumed to be an integer. LAND, LNDCPY, AGES, and CENTRS are all defined and dimensioned as they were in previous subroutines. The values of both DECODE and CUTLIN are three characters long, while ACSITE is only one character in length. This subroutine uses LNDCPY and AGES from the common block /LANDS/. The computer prints out a key to the vegetation types and age classes first. The subroutine DECODR is called to change the number codes entered in the main program to the Character information dis- played on the map (Table 78, lines 11-15). Next. the computer calls the subroutine CUTS to print out whether the users are to cut the block of land or not. It then calls the subroutine SITES to plot the activity centers on the map (Table 78, lines 19-27). SITES is not called for blocks in the first row because there are no activity centers in the first row due to the manner in which sur- rounding vegetation is Checked in subroutine MGMT. Now the computer plots the actual map. First a dashed line is printed across the top of the row. Then, depending upon the age of the block, the symbols in the key denoting age are printed for each block in the row. On the next line, the Characters from DECODR, DECODE iS'printed (Table 7b, lines 31-36). DECODE is the alpha- numeric symbol for the vegetation on the block of land, for example ten year old aspen would be A10. On a separate line, the computer prints out the information from CUTS as to whether or not each block in the row is to be cut or not (Table 7b, lines 34-38). Below this it prints whether the block will have an activity center using ACSITE, unless the block is in the top row (Table 7b, lines 37-47). In that case there will be no activity centers due to the lack of surrounding vegetation. Then the symbols that denote age will be printed again for each block of the row, and another dashed line across the bottom of the row will follow (Table 7c, lines 2-5). The above steps are repeated for each row of land, starting with the dashed line across the top of the blocks in row. 45 46 Table 7a. Subroutine PLOTTR Ao_.nn.—v>aucu:vcozn An.~.mue<_ H s men I N2 Imon I .2. mEfiPZCU q IIY L ‘ m:z_»zcu n mmhfim aaa:-:a~u1a~g,k;~. RETURN l CONTINUE 54 Table 10. Subroutine DECODR J I I.H TVEG - LNDCPY(I,J)/Io DECODE(J)(1:l)-CODES(TVEG) TACE - ACES(I,J) DECODE(J)(2:3) - OLDACE(TAGE + l) Y DECODE(J) 'NOT' Subroutine INTRO This subroutine provides users with instructions on how to use the model and what the model does. After each passage of the introduction, the subroutine RETURNS is called to allow users time to read the passage (Table 11). 55 OQNO‘M‘IUNI‘ 56 Table 11. Subroutine INTRO RETURN RITE THE ODY OF THE INTRODUCTION N PASSAGES CALL RETURNS Subroutine RETURNS This subroutine provides Spacing between passages of the introductiom, allowing the users time to read the passage. I is an integer value. First, the computer spaces down two lines, then it prints out "(ENTER "co" AND PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE)". When users enter G0, I equals two, then the next passage of the intro- duction will be printed (Table 12). 57 \DGNOUL‘UN—I RETURN Table 12. Subroutine RETURNS SPACE DOWN 2 LINES 58 ‘ENTER GO AND PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE J S4 Subroutine ENDING This subroutine prints out the Closing paragraph of the program which tells users how to obtain additional information (Table 13). 59 \OWNO‘U‘5UN—o 60 Table 13. Subroutine ENDING r 1 CONTINUE WRITE OUT THE CLOSING REHA S Subroutine OWNCUT This subroutine allows users to try their own cutting plan for the land originally entered. Potential activity centers, acres cut and revenues generated from the users cutting plan are shown. Integers are implicit from A-Z, and LAND, CENTRS, LNDCPY, and AGES are defined and dimensioned as earlier in the program. OCTCUT, dimensioned 4 (the four vegetation types: aspen, lowland hardwoods, upland hard- woods, and swamp conifers/pines) by 8 (the eight age classes of the vegetation) by 8 (the quarters of time in the management plan), is the total number of blocks cut of each type, age and quarter. Swamp conifers/pines are included for the calculations within this sub- routine because users may decide to cut them for economic or other reasons. OCPCUT is the number of blocks cut of each vegetative type and age. ANSWER represents a value three Characters in length. OCBLOCK, NUMBLKS, IX, and OCYEARS are all integer values. The common block /SECTOR/ brings LOCALE in from the main program. Of the items in the common block /LANDS/ only LAND, LNDCPY, CENTRS, AGES, and PRICE are used in this subroutine. All of the variables listed after REAL, have real number values. The DATA statement RATE gives the interest rate used in present value calculations. Users may enter more than one cutting strategy within this subroutine and each strategy may be up to eighty years (8 quarters) in duration. The following steps are for a single cutting plan and, if necessary would be repeated for any additional cutting plans starting again at this point. First, the computer copies LAND into the LNDCPY matrix, and AGES is set equal to the remainder of LAND divided by ten. Then it initializes the CENTRS and OCTCUT matrices to zero (Table 14a, lines 13-26). The computer prompts users to enter how many years they would like to manage their land between ten and eighty years (in multiples of ten). The computer reads this number as OCYEARS (Table 148, lines 13—26). 61 62 First 0 is set equal to K plus 9 divided by 10, where K is a counter that starts at 1 and is increased in increments of 10. For example in the first quarter, Q would equal 1 plus 9 divided by 10, or 1. The OCPCUT array is now intialized to zero (Table 148, lines 41-45). IX, the year the cutting is done, equals K minus 1. The computer then prompts users to enter the number of blocks of land they want to cut in the particular year of their management plan. The computer reads this number as NUMBLKS. If the users do not want to cut any land in a particular year they enter a 999, and the computer goes back to where they are asked how many blocks they want to cut (Table 14b, lines 2-7). The computer asks users which blocks of land they want to cut for the years in question. The numbers they enter represent the locations of the blocks of land on the grid map, for example the first row contains blocks 1-8. The computer reads the number entered as OCBLOCK (Table 14b, lines 21-24). These steps are followed for each block entered from one to NUMBLKS. First, LOCALE, from the main program, is set equal to OCBLOCK for each block. TYP equals LNDCPY divided by ten, and ACE is the remainder. The blocks are cut by subtracting AGE from LNDCPY. The computer then increases both OCTCUT and OCPCUT by one for every block out (Table 14b, lines 25-38). If IX equals thirty (year 30), any fields and/or brush are converted to lowland hardwoods 11-20 years of age. The computer calls AGEIT to age all of the land. NOWPOP is called to give the grouse population. OCPA, dimensioned 4 (the four vegetation types: aspen, lowland hardwoods, upland hardwoods, and swamp conifers/pines) by 8 (the eight age Classes of the vegetation), represents the acres of each vegetation type and age cut each quarter. OCGPA, the acres of each vegetation type out regardless of its age, is calculated for every quarter along with OCPA and OCPCUT. Before the computer determines OCPA, OCGPA is set to zero. OCPA equals OCPCUT, the number of blocks of each vegetative type and age, multiplied by 2.5 (2.5 acres per block). OCGPA is now calculated for each vegetative type, regardless of its age, for each quarter (Table 14C, lines 14-24). 63 OCPAl, dimensioned 4 (the four vegetative types) by 8 (the eight age Classes), represents the revenues from each vegetation type and age Class cut. OCGPAl, the revenues from each type, irrespective of age, is calculated each quarter along with OCPAl. Before the computer determines OCPAl, OCGPAI is set to zero. OCPAl equals OCPA multiplied by PRICE (the price for each vegetative type and age Class). OCGPAI is now calculated for each vegetation type, regardless of its age, for each quarter (Table 14C, lines 20-30). OCTA, dimensioned 4 (the four vegetation types) by 8 (the eight age Classes) by 8 (the eight quarters), is the total acres cut for each type, age and quarter. OCGTA, the total acres of each type cut irrespective of the vegetations age or the quarter it was cut in, is first set to zero. OCTA equals OCTCUT, the total number of blocks cut of each type, age and quarter, multiplied by 2.5 (2.5 acres per block). OCGTA is then calculated for each vegetation type regardless of its age or the quarter it was cut (Table 14c, lines 29-43). Finally OCTAl, the present value of the revenues for each type, age and quarter, is determined. OCGTAl, the total present value of the revenues for each of the four vegetation types cut, is set to zero. OCTAl and OCGTAl are calculated in a loop where R varies from one to Q. OCTAl equals OCTA multiplied by PRICE and then divided by 1.0 plus RATE, to the (R minus 1 multiplied by 10) power. For example in the first quarter R minus 1 would equal zero, therefore the present value is the same as the revenues from the acres cut for the first quarter (the acres cut in year zero). OCGTAl, the net present value for each of the four vegetation types, is then cal- culated (Table 14C, lines 39-52). The users are asked if they would like to enter another plan. If ANSWER equals yes, then the computer starts at the very beginning of this subroutine again. If ANSWER equals no, the computer returns to the main program (Table 14d, lines 17-21). \DQNO‘UDUND— Table 14a. Subroutine OWNCUT 5 CONTINUE _y _A T I 1,8 HOW MANY YEAR WOULD YOU LIKE TO MANAGE YOUR LAND? 7 CONTINUE 'I READ OCYEARS K OCYEARS, .1, lo CONTINUE I23 CONTINUQ [IF ANSWER EQ NO 00 TO 24 I 2 CONTINUE LNDCPY(I,J) I LAND(I,J) AGES(I,J) - HOD(LAND(I,J), 10) CENTRS(I,J I O OCTCUT(S,T,R) I O 10 I Q - (K+9)/10 v IX I K-l ~*‘ 3 - 1,4 0 CONTINUE T ' 1'8 If OCPCUT(S,T) l - o 11 CONTINUE J HOW MANY BLOCKS DO YOU WANT TO CUT IN THE FIRST YEA ? HOW MANY BLOCKS DO YOU WANT TO CUT IN IX YEARS? READ NUMBLKS OQNOU§UN— ~— —-:> ___4' O—Ho-IU— ubUN l6 r r 65 Table 14b. Subroutine OWNCUT (cont'd) IF NUNBLR .EQ.999 » .EQ.1 WHAT BLOCKS OP LAND WHAT BLOCK? OP LAND DO YOU WANT TO CUT IN 00 YOU PART TO CUT Ix YEARS? IN THE FIRST YEAR? 4 12 CONTINUE « :1; READ r OCBLOCK YP I LNDCPY(S.T)/IO AGE I NOD(LNDCPY(S,T),IO) LNDCPY(I,J) I LNDCPYIS.T) - AGE OCTCUT(TYP,AGE,Q) I OCTCUT (TYP.AGE,Q) + 1 14 CONTINUE OCPCUT(TYP,ACE) - OCPCUT ' (TYP,ACE) + 1 1 1x .EQ. fi 30 1—____—_.l I - 1,16 15 CONTINUE J " 1'8 " 16 CONTINUE /IO.EQ.5.0R NDCPY(I,J)/ln LNDCPY(I,J) I 22 AGES I 2 OWNO‘M #UND—o 66 Table 14c. Subroutine OWNCUT (cont'd) . OCGPA(S)I 0.0] 19 CONTINU a Sp CALL AGEIT II THIS IS YOUR GROUSE SITUATION AFTER IX + 10 YEARS I CALL NOWPOP OCGPA(S) - 0.0 _] 18 CONTINUE T I 1,8 VT ' I OCPA(S,T)IREAL(OCPCUT(S,T)*2.5 _ OCGPA(S) - OCGPA(S) + OCPA(S,T 18 CONTINUE 4 l l9 CONTINU: fl OCPAI(S,T)IOCPA(S,T)*PRICE(S,T OCGPA(S) I OCGPA(S) + OCPA(S,T) . j - W OCCTAQ) - 0.0 I 0 comm . 20 CONTINUE a , 1 ONTINUE‘ OCCTA1(S) - 0.6] OCGTA(s)- OCGTMSHOCTAISZLR) OCTA(S,T,R)IREAL(OCTCUT(S,T,R)* 4 I j OCTAI I OCTA(S,T,R)*PRICE(S,T)/1.0+ RATE**(Ré1)*10) OCGTA1(S) I OCGTA1(S) + OCTAI 4— OQNOU§UNH I Table 14d. Subroutine OWNCUT (cont'd) L WOULD YOU BIKE TO ENTER ANOTHER PLAN? I READ ANSWER Ivi’I GO TO 23 I Y 24 CONTINUE RETURN / L I 2.3 \ 22 CONTINUE vY BELOW ARE THE ACRES CUT IN THE PAST 10 YEARS fir BELOW ARE THE REVENU FROM THE PAST 10 YRS. I WRITE OCGPA1(S) S I 1.8 BELOW IS A TOTAL OF ALL ACRES THAT HAVE BEEN CUT SO FAR 7] ea- WRITE OCGTA(S) S I 1,8 BELOW IS THE NET PRESENT VALUE OF ALL THE REVENUES I WRITE OCGTA1(S) S I 1.8 II Subroutine PRNTRE This subroutine calculates and then prints a list of the acres cut of each vegetative type within the past ten years, the revenues from these acres, the total acres of each type cut so far and the net present value of all revenues. This subroutine is called only during the computer generated management plan. Integers are implicit from A-Z. LAND, CENTRS, LNDCPY, AGES, TRECUT and TOTCUT are defined and dimensioned as in previous subroutines. 0f the items in the common block /LANDS/ only TRECUT, TOTCUT and PRICE are used. PA, TA, CTA, GPA, GTAl, GPAl, TAl, PAl, PRICE, and RATE are all real number values. The DATA statement RATE gives the value of the interest rate that is being used in the present value calculations. PA is dimensioned 3 (the three vegetation types cut in the subroutine MGMT: aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods) by 8 (the eight age classes of vegetation) by 8 (the quarters or ten-year time periods in the management plan). GPA is the number of acres cut in the past ten years only for aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hardwoods, irrespective of the vegetation's age. TRECUT, the number of blocks cut of each type, age and quarter, is calculated in the MGMT subroutine. To arrive at PA, the number of acres of each type, age and quarter, TRECUT is multiplied by 2.5 (there are 2.5 acres per block). Before PA is calculated each time period, GPA is set to zero so that only the acres of each type (irrespective of age) for the time period in question, the past ten years are counted (Table 15a, lines 2-16). Next CPAl, the revenues from acres cut in the past ten years for each vegetation type (aspen, lowland hardwoods and upland hard- woods) is determined. PAl is dimensioned 3 (the three vegetation types) by 8 (the eight age classes) by 8 (the quarters or time periods in the management plan). Before calculating PAl each quarter, GPAl is set to zero. PAI equals the acres of each type and age for each quarter, multiplied by PRICE. PRICE is set in the main program 68 69 for each vegetation type and age. Then GPAl, the revenues for each vegetation type irrespective of age is calculated (Table 15a, lines 8-22). TA is dimensioned 3 (the three vegetation types) by 8 (the eight age classes of the vegetation) by 8 (the quarters of the management plan). GTA is the total number of acres cut for each type so far, irrespective of the age of the vegetation. TOTCUT, the total number of blocks cut of each type and age, is calculated in the MGMT sub— routine. Before TA is determined, GTA is set to zero. To arrive at TA, the total number of acres of each type and age, TOTCUT is multi- plied by 2.5 (there are 2.5 acres per block) (Table 15a, lines 14-28). Finally, CTAl, the present value of all revenues generated up to this point for each of the three vegetative types, is calculated. CTAl is first set to zero. Then inside a loop where K varies from 1 to Q (the number of quarters), TAl is determined. TAl is the present value of the revenues generated for each vegetation type and age for all quarters so far. TAl equals PA, defined earlier in this subroutine multiplied by PRICE. This number is in turn divided by 1.0 plus RATE, to the (K minus 1 multiplied by 10) power (Table 15a, lines 21-35). For example, in the first quarter of the management plan the cutting is done in year zero, so K minus 1 would equal zero and CTAl, the present value of the revenues would equal GPAl for that quarter. Another example, in the second quarter of the management plan the cutting is done in year ten, so K minus 1 would equal 1, and TAl would be multiplied by PRICE and then divided by (1.0 plus RATE) to the tenth power. GTAl is calculated for each vegetation type irrespective of it's age. Then GPA, CPAl, CTA, and GTAI are all printed out in a list for the users (Table 15b). \DGNO‘U5UNN '70 Table 15a. Subroutine PRNTRE j I I 1,3 GPA(I) I 0.0 fl, 1 CONTINUE J I 1.8 I CONTINUE PA(I ,J ,Q)I (REAL(TRECU‘1 (I ,J,Q)*2 .5) I - 1.3 cmur) - ad 2 CONTINUE CPA(I) I CPA(I) 4’ 1 - 1.3 CTA(I) - 0.6‘] PA(I,J,Q) 2 CONTINUE J - 1,8 3 CONTINUE PA!(I,J.Q)IPA(I.J,Q)*PRICE (1.3) GPA1(I)IGPA1(I)+PAI(1,J,Q) 1 - 1,3 GTA1(I) - 0A 3 CONTINUE] I________, TA - REAL(TOTCUT(I,J)*2.S) 4 CONTINUE J ' 1:3 GTA(I) - CTA(I) + TA 5 CONTINUE K - 1,0 \ F . j TAI I PA(I,J,Q)*PRICE(I.J)/(l.0 + , RATE)**(K-l)*10 s CONTINUE GTA1(I) - GTA1(I) + TAl I <4 E 1 BELOW ARE THE ACRES CUT DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS. 20 CONTINU A BELOW ARE THE REVENUES GENERATED BY curs MADE IN THE PAST TEN YEARS ONLY ouuouaun— Table 15b. Subroutine PRNTRE (cont'd) I. 71 I, BELOW IS THE TOTAL OF ALL THE ACRES CUT SO EAR BELOW IS THE NET PRESENT VALUE OF ALL THE ACRES THAT HAVE BEEN CUT SO FAR Subroutine MAPKEY This subroutine provides users with a key to the vegetation types and related age classes. It is called after the introduction has been printed out as a reminder for the users. Also it is called when users do not want a printed copy of the instructions (Table 16). 72 OQNOU§UN~ 73 Table 16. Subroutine MAPKEY RETURN I I 2,3 1 CONTINUE WRITE A KEY TO THE CODES USED ON THE HAP FOR THE VEGETATION TYPES AND AGE CLASSES RESULTS The model was tested with field data from Gladwin County, Michigan to see how well it performed. Two sections of land were entered into the computer model. Both sections are located in the Gladwin Field Trial area (TZON-RZOW). This particular area is predominately covered by aspen and upland hardwoods, in particular oak. Both sections of land are one square mile in area. The numbers of drumming male ruffed grouse on these sections of land were counted in the spring of 1984 by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The largest piece of land that the model will accept is I mile by 1 mile in area. Therefore, the two sections of land tested each were divided into two parts. Each section was first divided horizontally and entered into the computer, and then divided verti- cally and entered. Thus for each section of land there will be two predictions of the grouse population given, one for the section of land divided into two parts horizontally, and one for it divided vertically. By dividing each section of land both horizontally and vertically, it will show the effect of the manner in which the land is entered into the computer on the prediction of the grouse population. On the first section tested the DNR observed five pairs of grouse, whereas the model predicted 0-7 and 0-4 pairs. Four pairs from the upper limit of both predictions were due to the vegetation associated with rivers, roads and/or streams. When the section of land was divided into two parts horizontally and entered, three additional pairs due to the juxtaposition of vegetation types were also predicted. When the section of land was divided vertically, zero pairs were predicted due to the interspersion of vegetative types. On the second section of land tested the DNR observed nine pairs of grouse. Due to the irregular size of the area that the DNR used, a 74 75 small portion of this area, forty acres, was not entered into the computer model. The forty acres not entered is relatively small compared to the 660 acres of land that were entered for this section of land. On this section of land the model pre— dicted l-7 pairs and 1-9 pairs. Six pairs from the upper limit of both predictions were due to the vegetation associated with rivers, roads and/or streams. From one to three pairs from the upper limit of both predictions were due to the juxtaposition of the vegetative types. The reasons that the model's predictions are somewhat lower than the numbers observed by the DNR may include the forty acre section of land that was not entered into the model and the influence of the surrounding land not entered into the model on the prediction of the grouse population. The above results Show that the model predicted a range of grouse numbers that include numbers of grouse estimated by field surveys. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This model was designed for use by private forest landowners. The predictions of both grouse numbers and timber revenues will be useful to them. Tests using field data showed that the model predicted reasonably well, although not statistically. There are two problems with the model. It does not take into ocnsideration the effect of land outside the area entered into the computer and the size limit of % mile by 1 mile in area may be too small or too large for landowner use. It would be useful to test the model with field data from a section of land smaller than the area tested. The model needs to be tested with land that does not contain aspen to see how well it performs. This model has not yet been used by actual landowners, which will test how easy the computer model is to use. Actual landowner use will show if the users will be more inclined to manage their woodlands for grouse or some other objective. In addition, a follow-up study of landowners who started managing their land according to the computer's plan, will show if they actually con— tinued the prescribed cutting in the future. Actual landowner use will also demonstrate the practicality of the model's recommendations. 76 APPENDIX A APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model c PROGRAM HAIN C THIS PROGRAM WILL ACCEPT A PIECE OF LAND As INPUT.PREDICT THE c NUMBER OF GROUSE ON THE LAND AT PRESENT. GIVE A STANDARD CUT- C TING PLAN. AND PREDICT THE NUMBER OF GROUSE AND REVENUES DUE TO THE C CUTTING PLAN. THE USER WILL BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CUTTING C PLAN OF THEIR OWN WHICH WILL THEN BE EVALUATED FOR THE CHANGE C IN THE GROUSE POPULATION AND REVENUES GENERATED. INPLICIT INTEGER (A-z) DIMENSION LANDE16,8;.CENTRSIS 87R' .LNDCPY(16. .3; DIMENSION AGES 16.8 .TRECUT3 ). TOTCUT(3. REAL YRTEMP.ACRES.PRICE(A. CHARACTER* RESPND CHARACTER* ANSWER COMMON/LAN S/LAND. LNDCPY. CENTRS.AGES.N.M.YEARS,TRECUT, +TOTCUT. PRICE COHHON/PARANS/RIVNRD. MAXGRS C COHMON/SECTOR/LOCALE(16. 8) OPENE2.FILEI'OUTPUT'; c OPEN 3.FILEI'USRCPY‘ C INIIISLIZE THE LAND NATRIx T0 ZERO AND THE LOCALE HATRIx EROH I-128 DO I I=I.I6 DO 2 J=l.8 K=K+I LOCALE(I.J)I LAND§I.JgIO AGES |.J -D 2 CONTINUE I CONTINUE C INITIALIZE CENTERS MARTIx T0 ZERO DO 3 I=2.16 DO A J=l,7 CENTRS(I.J)-o A CONTINUE g CONTI NUE CALL THE INTRO SUBROUTINE AND/OR HAPKEY SUBRDUTINE PRINTA, WOULD YOU LIKE To HAVE THE INSTRUCTIONS PRINT*, . PRINTED OUT? ENTER YES OR NO' READ IOO. RESPND IOO FORMAT( A3) |F(R£SPN 0EQ. 'YES' )THEN CALL INT C ENDIF c CALL MAPKEY LCOUNTIO DO 6 I=I. I DO 7J II. C PROMPTR USER TO ENTER S UARES OF LAND RINT IOI. LOCALE J) 101 FORHAT(‘ ENTER BLOCK ' .I3.‘(THE TWO DIGIT CODE): ') READ A. BLOCK F(((BLOCK. GT. 000). AND. (BLDgKin LT. IO)) .DR. ((BLOCK. LT. 00). AND. +(BLOCK. NE. -I)). (BLOCK GT PRINT I02. LOCALE(I. Ioz FORHAT(' THE THO DIGIT CODE YOU ENTERED FOR BLOCK ' I3. S) PRINTN. . INVALID. PLEASE ENTER THE THO DIGIT CODE FOR THIS' PRINT*,' BLOCK AGAINz' REAOA. BLOCK ENDIF IF (BLOCK .EQ. -I) GOTO 20 “Jg- LOCK AGES -MOD L3ND(I. .J). l0) TYP-LAND(|. IFI TYP .LT. .AND. (TYP .GT. 0) .AND. + TYP .NE. )THEN ENDLCOUNT-LCD NT+I C COUNTING NUMBER OF LAND NOT MARSH. WATER 0R FIELDS. Z CONTINUE C CONTINUE 20 N- -I AI C PRINT*.' ENTER THE NUMBER OF FEET 0F STREAMS. RIVERS. AND/OR' PRINT*.' ROADS ON YOUR PROPERTY. ENTERA WHOLE NUMBER. IF THERE' 77 ~0mm~mm-oxomwm-o oooooooooooooooooooooo WNNNNNN'JNNN—ddd—l—v———ld N o APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) nnnn nnnn 110 120 I30 PRINTfl. ' ARE NONE ON YOUR PROPERTY. ENTER A ZERO.**' READ * .RIVNRD ACRES I 2. *LCOUNT MAXGRS ARE TH MAXIMUM NUMBER OF MALE GROUSE (0R ACTIVITY CENTERS) TO BE EXPECTED ON THIS PIECE OF LAND. MAXGRSIACRES/IO PRINT *.' FOR HOW MANY YEARS WOULD YOU LIKE TO HANAGE? ' PRINT t ' ENTER A MULTIPLE 0F IO BETHEEN 30 AND 80. NR ' READ A. YEARS YRTEMP - YEARS/10.0 ROUND TO NEAREST MULTIPLE 0F IO YEARS - NINT(YRTEMP)*IO PREDICTS GROUSE BREEDING PAIRS IF THERE IA NO MANAGEMENT CALL NOMGMT PR rrrs—rrrmwuwwwwwwwwwn:-~—-—-——-—-—-—- C ASPEN WE ARE USING A PRICE OF '.F9.2) ES. 00 BOD WANT TO CHANGE THIS ' 0R N I : ”Tm/N OOOrr—I Z173. (DC/H11" Hm>m "W'U'O'W'U 'O'O‘OTT'U'U'DTJ‘DVUV'OTJ'UV'DV'U'U'D'O'O'OUTJV'U m fizz-D'Ommzoorox ZVW‘O'OW‘MZJNOZD DZJXJIJSUIJIJDZJJJIJDDJUDIJZJDWIJEDIJDZJXJWIJZ RE CR YE N l -Im . >I - ("133: E R CE THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO USE FOR ' N IN DOLLARS AND CENTS. mzozw- Am” -m>——IJCZZZZ nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn NZ>ZJOM—l— 3022M —I>—4-4 'ITZDZZM -1—I>—{ mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 00mmmA>——:D— m ,' FOR MATUR LOWLAND HARDWOODS WE ARE USING ' l}0. PRICEI2. ( A PRICE OF ' .F2.2.' DOLLARS PER ACRE. ') 0 YOU WANT TO HANGE THIS PRICE? ENTER YES OR NO' NYES')THEN TER THE PRICE THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO USE FOR ' IUEIZLUYLAND HARDWOODS IN DOLLARS AND CENTS.‘ ) I —313“V'U PRINTN. ' FOR HATUR UPLAND HARDWOODS WE ARE USING ' PRINT ISO. .PRICEIE. FORMAT( PRIC 0F . .F92 ' DOLLARS PER ACRE PRINTA. ' DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE THIS PRICE? ENTER Es OR NO' READ IOO. RES ND IE(RESPND. EQ. YES‘)THEN 78 MNNNHWWNNN—WWNWN—o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO -—cnoooq0\ncxuuhucx003qcxn:x»nh—cnoooua\ntwumn— APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) PRINTA. ' ENTER THE PRICE THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO USE EOR ' PRINTA ' MATURE UPLAND HAROHOODS IN DOLLARS AND CENTS.‘ READ I60. PRICE(3.8) I60 EORMAT( 92) EN DI E C C CALL MGMT PRINT A 00 YOU HAVE A CUTTING PLAN EOR YOUR PROPERTY THAT' PRINT A. YOU HOULD LIKE TRY? ENTER YES OR NO READ I05. ANSWER IO5 EORMATIA3) C IE THE USER HAS A CUTTING PLAN OE THEIR OWN ALLOW IT TO BE ENTERED IF(ANSWER. EQ. 'YES' )TH EN PRINTA IN ADDITION TO THE PRICES PREVIOUSLY GIVEN EOR MATURE ' PRINTA. ' ASPEN. LONLAND HARDHOODS AND UPLAND HARDHOODS. NE WILL ' PRINT I70. PRICE(h .8) I70 FORMAT( éE USING A PRICE OE '.F9.2 ' DOLLARS PER ACRE EOR ') PRINT*,' MATURE SWAMP CONIFERS/PINES. DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE ' PRINT*.' THIS PRICE? ENTER YES OR NO' READ IOO.RESPNO IE(RESPNO.E .‘YES')THEN PRINTA. E TER THE PRICE THAT YOU HOUL PRINTA ' MATURE SNAMP CONIEERS/PINES I READ 180. PRICE(A8 180 EORMAT(F 9. 2) ENOIE CALL gWNCUT(ANSWER) GOTO ENDIEN 8 CONTI UE C SUBROUTINE T0G PRINT CLOSING REMARKS CALL ENDI D LIKE TO USE FOR ' N DOLLARS AND CENTS.’ END SUBROUTINE NOMGMT IMPLICIT INTEGER (A-Z) REAL ACRES DIMENSION LANO(I6. 8). CENTRS(I6. 7).LNDCPY(I6. 8).AGES(16. 8) COMMON/LANOS/LAND. LNDCPY. CENTRS .AGES.N .M. YEARS. TRECUT. +TOTCUT PRICE(A.8) . C MAKE A COPY OF THE LAND MATRIX FOR MANIPULATING EOR IN NOMGMT. C START WITH ORIGINAL AGE MATRIX. DO I. I-I. I6 2. J=I.8 LNDC PY(I.J ) - LAND I.J) AGES(I.J)= =MODILAND 2 CONTIN é CONTINUE NRITE 2.*)' BELOW IS YOUR GROUSE SI TU UATION AT PRESENT: ' C WRITE 3.* ' BELOH IS YOUR GROUSE SI TU UATION AT PRESENT: ' c CALL NOWPOP WE .K-IO. YEARS, I0 C AGE oTH I6 00 5. J I. C AGE IS THE AGE OF THE STAND AGE - MOD (LNDCPY(I, .J). IO) c TYP IS THE VEGETATIVE TYPE 0E HE STAND YP= LNDCPY(I, /10 C AETER ho YEARS. BRUSH ANO EIELDS BECOME LONLAND HARDWOODS c II- -20 YEARS OLD IE(((TYP. EQ. M?) .OR. (TYP. EQ. 6)). AND. (K. EQ. h0)) THEN LNEEII(JI$ C INCREASE AGE UNLESS AGE IS 0 0R THERE IS NO VEGET ATION THERE ELSE IE( AGE .NE. ) .AND. (LNDCPY(I.J). NE .0)) THEN LNDCPY I.J) - LNDC CPY I. .J}+ AGES(I.J)-MOD(LNDCPYI IO) CONTINUE CONTINUE ONO 79 2 21 0 ommNNN—WWNNN Wrrrrrrrrrmwwnwwannw——-—-—-—-—-—-—-—- Nd — OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN N—WWWNN—OWWNW OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOO IOI 6 C W” nnnnn an 99 n—~ WS‘ (”0" (WNW APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) WRITEII. *)' WITHOUT MANAGEMENT ' CONTINUE CALL NOWPOP CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE MGMT THIS SUROUTINE CALCUL THE LAND. PRESECRIBES THE NUMBER OE ACTIVITY REVENUES HILL BE PRINT VEGETATION BEING CUT AN IMPLICIT INTEGER (A-z LOGICAL GO +0|ME§SION3LAN3§I66R .8) UCE§T§S(I6. .7). LNDCPY(I6. 8). AGES(I6. 8). COMMON/LANDS/LAND. LNDCPY.CENTRS. AGES. N. M. YEARS. TRECUT. +TOTCUT. PRICEIA.8) ZERO ggT gHEI TREE CUT AND TOTAL CUT ARRAYS ATES T A CUT ENTERS DUE TO THE CUTTING PLAN. TIMBER E AhONG WITH A MAP CONTAINING THE AREA C D D 9. J=K .8 8 DTRECBTII J. K)-O CONTINUE DO 88' I=I. .? 0 8. JI 8 CONTW TCUTII. 'J)-O MAKE A COPYN OE THE LAND MATRIX EOR MANIPULATING AGE STRUCTURE START WITH ORIGINAL AGES 00 I. .I6 DO 2, %1.8 LNDCP YII.J) - LAND I. J AGES(I.J)-MOO(LANO I .JI. IO) CONTIN CONTINUEU gogNTIYEARS CUTDDHE (000.000) SQUARES OF LNDCPY . aI.7.2 CALL CKNCT(I.J.I) CONTINUE CONTINUE CUT TREES 0F ASPEN.LOWLAND HARDWOOD DR UPLAND HARDWOOD IF SI T0 70 DO . III. 03 6. J-2 8.2 .JIIIO AGE-M00(LNDCPY(I.J).IO) IE ((TYP E I) .AND. (TYPE .LE. 3 THEN IE ((AGE E . 6) .OR. (A6 m3 ) THEN TRECUT TY .AGE.I)=TREC CUT(TY E. I)+ LNDCPY I.J) - LNDCPY(I.J) AGE TOTCUT TYP.AGE)-TOTCUT(TYP. AGE) + I ENDIE ENOIF CONTINUE CONTINUE OO . I=2.I6.2 DO 8. J -I.Z.2 TYP - LND PY(I J)/Io AGE - MOD(LNDCPY(I.J).IO) IE (ITYP .GE. I) .AND. {TYP .LE. II THEN IE (AGE .E9. 6) .OR. AGE .Es. THEN TRECUT T P AGE.I)=TRECUT(T P GE.I) + I LNDCPY I.JI - LNDCPY(I.J)-AGE TOTCUT TYP.AGE)=TOTCUT(TYP.AGE) + I ENDIE ENDIE CONTINUE CONTINUE DO =2. I6. 2 “8 I0. J=2. 8. 2 8C) HE INITIAL NUMBER OF ACTIVITY CENTERS 0N FORMAT (' BELOW IS YOUR GROUSE SITUATION AFTER ' I2. ' YEARS ')2 go TING PATTERN AND CALCULATES THE CHANGE IN OF E CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF ACTIVITY CENTERS g0 30 50 I 020 ~0mwmm-oxommm~—omwam-~owmmw OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OO WNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN::N:N:::: O APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont‘d) TYP B LNDCPY(I.J)/I0 AGE = MOD(LNOCPY(I.J).I0) IF ((TYP .GE. I) .AND. (TYP .LE.L THEN IF ((AGE .GE. 5) .AND. ( AGE W; THEN TRECUT TYP.AGE.I)=TRECUT(TYPL AGE. + I LNDCPY I.J) = LNDCPY(I.J)- AGE TOTCUT TYP.AGE)=TOTCUT(TYP, AGE) + I ENDIF ENDIF I0 CONTINUE 9 CONTINUE C FIRST ROUND 0F CUTTING NOW COMPLETE KOUNT=KOUNT- IO DO 'I HRITEII. 00) I00 EORMAT( WRITEII I.*)‘ BELON IS HHERE YOU SHOULD MAKE THE EIRST SET '. +'0F CUTS.‘ 27 CONTINUE C PLOT THE MATRIX TO SHOW USER WHERE TO CUT TREES CALL PLOTT CALL PRNTRE(KOUNT. I) CALL AGEI IT 2. I. 00) - I.*)' BELOW IS YOUR GROUSE SITUATION AFTER I0 YEARS: ' ) TYP .LE. 3)) THEN N'T CUT LAST TIME TXPEAGE.2) + I G YP.AGE) + I m (DD- CUT IA CONTINUE I3 CONTI C SECOND ROUND OE CUTS DONE O 30 I=2. WRITE(I. w; WRITE(|. A ' BELOW IS WHERE YOU SHOULD MAKE YOUR SECOND '. + SET OF CU UT 30 CONTINUE CALL PLOTTR CALL PRNTRE(KOUNT.2) CALL AGEIT MWAITEII. IOO WRITE(I. oflI' BELOW IS THE GROUSE SITUATION AFTER 20 YEARS '. +' 0F MANAGEMEN 2 CONTINUE CALL NOWPOP KOUNT-KOUNT-IO =+ RITE 2. I00 WRITE 3. C LOGlgALTgoETOO INDICATE IF THERE ARE YEARS LEFT TO MANAGE C 26 CONTINUE (.N OT. GO OTO I5 C CUT (EVEN EVEN) S§UARES 0F LNDCPY 00 I6. I=2. 81 APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for the model (cont'd) 00 I7. =2 8.2 CALL cch T(I .J.Q) I; CONTINUE é CONTINUE no 3 I =2.3 HélTE I.Ioo) MTE |.*)' BELow IS YOUR NEXT SET or CUTS:' g3 CONTINUE CALL PLOTTR CALL PRNTRE(KOUNT. Q) KOUNT - KOUNT- IO 3°3§Inn I 00 WRITE “IOI; YEARS- KOU NT IOI +' YEAS?HATI(.- ','B ELOH IS YOUR GROUSE SITUATION AFTER '.I2. 3A CONTINUE CALL AGEIT CALL NOWPOP IE(KOUNT .E8. 0) THEN 0 - .FAL E. ENDIF c IF (co) THEN c CUT (EVEN. OD080) SQUARES 0E LNDCPY C DoCAEL CKNC2(I. J. Q) a CONTINUE CONTINUE n—d BELOW IS YOUR NEXT SET OF CUTS: ' 25 CONTINUE CALL PLOTTR CALL PRNTRE(KOUNT. Q) KOUNT-KOUNT -IO QHSITE 2.IOI YEARS-KOUNT WRITE 3.IOI YEARS-KOUNT CALL AGEIT AGE BRUSH AND FIELD T LOHLANO HARDWOODS DO 20. I I I. DO 2I. J'I. %;E((LNDCPY(I. .J)/IO .EQ. 5) .OR. (LNDCPY(I.J)/IO .EQ.6)) LND: PY(I. 2J)-22 AGES(I. J) EN DIF CONTINUE CONTINUE CALL NOWPOP IF (KOUNT .EQ. 0) THEN GO ' .FALS . END F ENDIF (GO OIT C CUT (oooéogo) SQUARES OF LNDCPY ol'lo' n ONN °-' ° 'I CA L WEKNC (I. J. Q) 2; CONTIN é CONTINUE I-2. WHéITEgl.?M RITE I.*) ' BELOW IS YOUR NEXT SET OF CUTS: ' 26 CONTINUE CALL PLOTTR 82 .rgunrtunr:unr:unrcurrunrcurrumrtunrtantrumrtunrtunrzunr:uhrtunrrunrcurrunrgunrcunrcunrcuhrtunrtunrcunrrunrtur deNNN—O OOOOOOOOOOO n nnnnn n-‘N nnnn APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) CALL PRNTREIKOUNT.Q) KOUNT=NOUNT- IO QWRITE 2. IOI YEARS-KOUNT WRITE 3.IOI YEARS-KOUNT CALL AGEIT CALL NOWPOP IF (KOUNT .EQ. 0) THEN CO = .FALS . ENDIF ENDIF IF (co ) THEN CUT (OOO. EVEN) SQUARES 0F LNDCPY OOD . 2 W25 J=2.8.2 CALL CKNCT(I.J.Q) CONTINUE CONTINUE 2. ONITIW? WRITE I. A) )BELOW IS YOUR NEXT SET OF CUTS: ' CONTINUE CALL PLOTTR CALL PRNTREIKOUNT.Q) KOUNTtKOUNT- I0 =Q+ WRITEEZ. .IOI YEARs- KOUNT WRITE 3, IO YEARS- KOUNT CALL AGEIT CALL NOWPOP IF (KOUNT .EE. 0) THEN - .FALS . GOTO 26 CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE NOWPOP THIS SUBROUTINE COHPUTES THE CROUSE POPULATION THAT Is EXPECTED TO BE EOUNO ON THE LAND ENTERED. NOWPOP PRINTS A HAP OF THE LOCATION OF THE CENTERS, THE AGE OF THE VEGETATION, ANO THE VEGETATIVE TYPE. THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ACTIVITY CENTERS AND THE POTENTIAL NUHOER 0F GROUSE ON THE LAND. IHPLICIT INTEGER (A-Z; OIHENSION LNOCPY(I68 CENTRS(I6. 7). LANO(I6. 8). AGES(I6. 8) LOCICAL CONOI. CON02, CONO3. PSBL REAL OPNING COHHON/LANOS/LANO. LNDCPY CENTRS.ACES.N.H.YEARS.TRECUT. +TOTCUT. PRICE(A 8) COHHON/PARAHS/RIVNRO. HAXCRS CLESR THE CENTERS HATRIX O 2. J-I,7 CENTRS(I.J)-O CONTINUE CONTINUE VEGAC-O DO 3. I-2.I6 D A. J-I.7 PSBLAC- .TRUE. CON DI - FA LSE. CONOI: .VEgEEgTIONAfggVIDES WINTER FOOD RESOURCES AND NESTING COVER CONOZ: .VEgEggTIONfifgngES WINTER. NESTING. AND BREEDING COVER COND3: .VEGETATION PROVI?ESH EROOO COVER NE. BEGIN ON THE TOP R0 IF (CENTRS(I-I. J) .EQ. I) THEN I33 20 nn fiUTO" rumour-n APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) LAC - .EALSE. IT 5 TOO CL?SE” STO ANOTHER CENTER. THEREEORE IT CAN'T BE A CENTER (J vg) THEN IE (c% (I— I. J+ I) .EQ. I) THEN PSBL - EAL SE ENOIE ENOIE ENOIE IE (J .NE. I) THEN BECIN IN THE LEFT-MOST COLUHN IE (CENTRS(I.J-I) .EQ. I) THEN PSBLAC - .EALSE. ENOIE ENOIE IE ((I NE. I) .AND. (J .NE. 1)) THEN IE (CENTRS(I-I.J-I) .EQ. I) THEN PSBLAC - .EALSE. ENOIE ENOIE IE IT IS A POSSIBLE ACTIVITY CENTER CHECK THE EOUR SQUARES AROUNO IT EOR OTHER ACTIVITY CENTERS IE (PSBLAC) THEN DO 5. K - I.I+I DO 6. L=J.J+I TYP - LNDCPY(K.L)/IO ACE - HOO(LNOCPY(K.L).IO) IE ((ACE .CE. 3) .AND. (TYP .EQ. I) .AND. (A ACE .LT. 8)) THEN ASPEN >=30 YEARS BUT <80 YEARS CONOI-.TRUE. ELSE IE ((ACE .CE. 3) .AND. (ACE .LE. 6) .AND. + (TY P .EQ. 3)) THEN 30-60 YEAR OLD UPLAND HARDWOODS CON02 - .TRUE. ELSE IE ((ACE .EQ. 2) .AND. (TYP .CE. I) .AND. (T LE. 2)) THE 20 YEAR OLD ASPEN OR LOWLAND HARDWOODS CON02 = .TRU E. ELSEIE((ACE. CE 3). AND. (ACE. LE. 5). AND. Q. 2))THEN 3o— 50 YEAR OLO LOWLAND HARDWOODS CON02-.TRUE. E SE IE ((ACE .CE.2) .ANO. (ACE .LE. 3) .AND. ( YP .E . h)) THEN 20- 30 YEAR OLD c NIEERS N02 . .TR IE (TYP E8. 6) THEN BRUSH Is PRESENT EOR BROOOIN CONO? - .T UE ELSE I ((ACE .CE. 0) .AND. (ACE .LE. I) .AND. (TY CE. I) .AND. (TYP .LE. 2)) THEN ASPEN OR LOWLANDS < 10 YEARS OLD CON02 - .TRUE. ELSE I ((ACE .CE. I) .AND. (ACE .LE. 2) .AND. TYP .EQ. 3)) THEN Io- 20 YEAR OLD UPLANO CONO3 - .TRUE ENOIE CONTINUE CON NUE IE ALL CONOITIONS ARE NET EOR AN ACTIVITY CENTER PLOT ANO COUNT IT IE ( (CONOI) .ANO. (CON02) .ANO. (CONO3)I THEN CENTRS(I. J) - i VECAC=VECAC+I ENOIE ENDIF END OF CHECK FOR POSSIBLE ACTIVITY CENTERS CONTINUE CONTINUE FINISHED COMPUTING ALL CENTERS DUE TO THE JUXTAPOSITION OF THE 3 VEGATATIVE TYPES. NOW COUNT UP THE NUMBER OF OPENINGS THERE ARE DUE TO FIELDS. MARSH. AND/0R WATER NW. 03'8. J- -I.8 , TYP - NOCPY(I. J)/Io IEIé(TYP. EOQ' I’m .OR. (TYP .EQ 7) .OR. (TYP .EQ. 8))THEN NUH OPS - Nunok ELSE IE ((LNDCPY(I. J) .LT. 5) .OR. 84 £090 I00 “hum IOI I02 103 ION I05 106 I07 I08 I09 (“KO APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) + (LNDCPY(I, J) .EQ. 6)) THEN UHOPS . NUHOP CONTINUE CONTINUE CALCULATE ONE ACTIVITY CENTER FOR EVERY QUARTER HILE OF RIVERS. ROADS. OR STREA MSU OPNING B 2. UHOPS OPNAC I NIN (OPNING/NOI BORDAC I NINTIRIVNRDflh. 0/52 230 O) IFéégiglNG. .GE. l0). AND. (OPNAC. EQ. 0))THEN EN NDI CALCULATE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ACTIVITY CENTERS ON THE LAND TOTAC - BORDAC+OPNAC+VEGAC IF (TOTAC .GT. MAXGRS) THEN TOTAC . MAXGRS ENDIE IF(TOTAC. EQ. VECAC THEN IE(TOTAC. CT. 0) H N HRITE(I IOI) TOTAC E0RHAT(' EOR THIS CONEICURATION. YOU SHOULD HAVE ' .I3) HRITE(I. *)' BREEDINC PAIR(S) 0E CROUSE ON YOUR LAND. ELSE IE(TD TAC. LE. 0) THEN WRITE¥I.* ' FOR THIS CONEICURATION. YOU SHOULD HAVE 0- I ' ENSIEE I.* ' BREEDINC PAIRS 0E CROUSE ON YOUR LAND. ELSE IE(TOTAC. CT. VECAC) THEN IE(VECAC. CT. 0) THEN NRITE(I. .)I re OR THIS CONEICURATION. YOU SHOULD HAVE BETHEEN ' NRITE I I02) VECAC. DTOTA EORHAT(' HI.I8' .I3 . BREEDINC PAIRS') 32:TE(:. *H3 ECROUSE ON YOUR LAND. OE THESE PAIRS. ONLY ' EORHAT(‘ '.I8fi GARE DUE To THE VECETATION TYPES. ') IE(OPNAC. CT NRITE(I.IOA Ac ELSRPAT( ALSO. NTHERE ARE '.l3.' PAIR(S) DUE TO 0PENINGS.') IE(BORDAC. CT. 0) THEN NRITE(I ios) BORDAC E0RHAT(' HHILE. .I3.’ PAIR(S) OE oCROUSE ON YOUR LAND ARE ') E:§:;E(l.*)' DUE TO RIVERS AND/ORR ADS ELSE IE(VECAC. LE.O)THEN wRITE(I. I06) TOTAC EORHAT( EOR THIS CONEICURATION. YOU SHOULD HAVE 0 To '.I3) WRITEEI.::;' BREEDINC PAIRS OE CROUSE ON YOUR LAND. NONE 0E ' HRITE I. ' THESE ECROUSE ARE DUE TO VECETATION TYPES.’ IE(OPNAC. CT.0) HRITEII.IO7) OPNACN FORHAT(' '.I8,' PAIR(S) oOE CROUSE ARE DUE TO DPENINCS ') WRITE(I.*)' N YOUR ENDIE IE(BORDAC. CT 0) THEN HRITE(I. I08) BORDAC +') EORHAT( THERE ARE '.|3.' PAIR(S) DUE TO RIVERS AND/0R ROADS. ENDIE ENDIE ELSE IE(T OTAC. LT. VECAC) THEN HRITE I09) TOTA EDRHAT( EOR THIS CONEICURATION. YOU SHOULD HAVE '.I3) ENE?ETE(" .*)' BREEDINC PAIRS DE CROUSE ON YOUR LAND. ' CONTINUE CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF CROUSE ON THE LAND IE (TOTAC. E8. .VECAC IE (TOTAC TTO T ENH BIRDSI = AC* BIRosz . TOTAC* ELSEIE(TOTAC.LE.0) THEN BIRDSI a o BIRosz a 6 ENDIE ELSEIE(TOTAC. CT. VECAC) THEN IE(VECAC.C CT 0) THEN BIRDSI = VEGAC*5 855 omooqoxnmn—omoo 0000000000000 IO OWWMWWmmeW ~—-0\D N 00000000000 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO —0\Dw~la\n:\»~—0\om~4 020 APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) BIRosz - TOTAC*6 Ego ELSEIE(VEG AC. LE. 0) THEN O BIRDSI - o hlo BIRosz - TOTAC*6 A20 ENOIE A20 ELSEIE(TOTAC.LT.VEGAC) THEN A O BIRDSI - TOTAcfl Ago BIRosz . TOTAcfl A o ENOIE Ago C h 0 DO Io I-2.3 Ago WRITE(I.*)' IN AN AVERAGE YEAR. THIS IS APPROXIMATELY '. O + 'EQUIVALENT TO A EALL IO NRITEII.IIO) BIRDSI.BIR 052 20 IIO EORMAT (' POPULATION OE BETNEEN '.I3.' AND '.l3.' GROUSE.') 20 IE (VEGAC.GT.O) THEN O WRITEEI,*;' THE @"S IN THE FOLLOWING GRAPH REPRESENT' go ENRIIF‘E I.n ' ACTIVITY CENTERS DUE TO VEGETATIVE TYPES.‘ 8 C PRINT MESSAGE IF THERE ARE MORE CENTERS VIA VEGETATION THAN POSSIBLE O (T OTAC .LT. VEGAC) THEN O IFHRITE(I.III) TOTAC 0 III EORMAT(' BECAUSE OE GROUSE TERRITORIALITY. ONLY '.|3.' OF A') 6Io NRITE(I,I12) VEGAC 220 II2 EN NBORMATI POSSIBLE °.l3.' ACTIVITY CENTERS HILL BE OCCUPIED.') 6 8 I0 I CONTINUE O C PLOT THE LAND INOIGATING VEG. ACTIVITY CENTERS 0 CALL PLOTTR O RETURN 0 END 690 SUBROUTINE CKNCT(I.J.Q) OO IMPLICIT INTEGER (A—Z) IO DIMENSION MLAND(16.8).CENTRS(M¥) LNDCPY(I6. 8). AGES(I6. 8). 20 +TRECUT}880 .8).TOTCUT(3.8). OCT 0 COMMON ANO S/LANO.LNOCPY.C ENTRS. AGES. N, M. YEARS. TRECUT. o c +TOTCUT. PRICE(A.8) 8 TYP-LNOCPY(I.J)/IO O AGE - MOO(LNDCPY(I.J).IO) o AGES(I, J)=AGE o c CUT THE VEGETATION IE OE RIGHT TYPE AND AGE 0 IF TYP .GE. I) .AND. (TYP .LE. E3) ) THEN IO IE ((AGE .GT. I) .AND. (AGE 8 ) THE 20 TRECUT TYP.AGE. )=TRECUT(TYP. AGE. Q) + I O LNOCPY I.J) - L OCPY(I, J)- AGE 3 O TOTCUT TYP.AGE)=TOTCUT(TYP, AGE) + I O ENOIE 8 O ENOIE 8 o RETURN 8 0 END 89o SUBROUTINE AGEIT OO IMPLICIT INTEGER (A-z) Io DIMENSION LAND(I6.8).CENTRS(16.7).LNDCPY(16.8).AGESJ16 8) 20 COMMON/LANOS/LANO.LNOCPY.CENTRS.AGES,N.M.YEARS.TREc o C +TOTCUT,PRICE(A.8) 8 C AGE VEGETATION IE <80 YRS E OF TREE TYPE 0 DO I. I-I.N8 0 DO 2. J- I. O AGE - MOO(LNOCPY(I. AJ).IO IO) 0 IE ((AG . 8) (LNDCPY(I, J) .NE. 0)) THEN o LNDCPY( - LNOCPY I. J +I OIO AGES(I, (Ji-MOOILNOCPY I. J .I0) 020 OI 80 O 2 CONTINUE 0 o I CONTINUE O o RETURN o 0 END 0 o SUBROUTINE PLOTTR o O C THIS SUBROUTINE IS USED TO PRINT A PLOT DE THE ORIGINAL LAND AND THE 0 O c LAND As IT IS CHANGED BY THE PRESCRIBED CUTTING I O IMPLICIT INTEGER (A-z ) IIO DIMENSION LAND(I6. 8) LNDCPY(I6. 8). CENTRS(I6. 7). AGES(I6. 8) I20 CHARACTER"? DECODét9g. .CUTLIN( I o CHARACTER» ACSIT I o ' CHARACTER ARRnBA 120 COMMON/LANOS/LAND.LNOCPY,CENTRS.AGES.N.M.YEARS.TRECUT. I O +TOTCUT.PRICE(A.8) Igo DO I |=2.? I o WRITE(I.* ' ' 190 £36 I30 ILO APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) NRITE l.* I KEY:' HRITE l.* I VEGETATION TYPES: I NRITE I.* I ASPEN(A) LOHLANO HAROHOODS(L)I HRITE I.* I FIELOS(E) UPLAND HARDHOOOSIU)I HRITE I.* ' BRUSHES; SNAMP CONIFERS/PINESECZ' NRITE I.* I MARSH M HATER(PONOS E LAKES) N I ESIEE :.E . NOT To BE CONSIDEREDINOT CON) ' .n ' HRITE I,* I AGE CLASSES: (IN YEARS) I HRITE I.* I O- IO(I 0) AIR NRITE I.* I I0- 20 xxx I NRITE I.* I 20- 0 /// ' NRITE I.* I O 30 ... I HRITE I.* . 0+ . CONTINUE DO 2 I-I,N CHANGE NUMBER CODE INTO CHARACHTER INFORMATION CALL DECOORILNOCPY.I.M.DECODE.AGES) GET THE CHARACTERS TO TELL THE USER IF THEY ARE TO CUT BLOCK OF LAND CALL CUTS(LNOCPY.I M.CUTLIN) PUTIACTIVETY)CENTERS INTO A CHARACHTER ARRAY ExCEPT IN THE FIRST ROH . . H N EALL SITES(CENTRS. I. M. ACSITE) EN PLOT ESE VEGETATIVE CODE AND THE POTENTIAL ACTIVITY CENTERS a”? H ITEIK IOA) FORMAT(I I.I3(I O A 8 J=I Nl-Jfl -7 N2'J*3 3 -— tflL Z;~ZV“2‘"Z‘"Z»C’ IDIDIDILO N _~ANANA~ "’ I -Vo _ — _m. V>V>V>V. om -f"'| -0 Z-ZDZMZMZMZD— ... DECODE(J). J=I .8) .2X. A3. 2X). ':' EECUTL IN(J). Jul 8 I}0£EACSITE(J) .J= ) I20 ' . 2x. A3. 2x).I:I) ’.3XA I. 7)“ CD Mo (LNDCPY(IfiEN .J). I0) I —m‘_ N—n mv z>z-z—z—~ *Aflflflflfl‘ S(I.J). .EQ. .2) THEN ... :xx xxx X' s(i. lJ). E .8) THEN 5 II .J WI EQ. /A) THEN ,8).GE.5).OR.(AGES(I.J).EQ.O))THEN A. 'A" AN- ”Ammmmmmzn' W A A zmz>z>z>- NANDNOND II “D V-Vmevm o m. CONTINUE HRITE(K.IA5)ARR 87 APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) A5 FORMAT(' ',A6H) HRITE(K.IOA) I c C 8 CONTINUE CONTINUE PLOTTING 2 CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE DECODR(LNDCPY.I.M.DECODE.AGES) THIS SUBROUTINE TAKES THE 2 DIGIT VEGETATION- -AGE CODE. SEPARATES THE VEGETATION TYPE AND SETS THE NUMBER CODE TO ITS CHARACTER EQUIVALENT. THE E UIVALENT IS SAVED FOR PRINTING IN THE CHARACTER ARRAY DECODE. LICIT INTEGER DIMENSION LNDCP .AcEs(I6. 8) CHARACTERIU EC CHARACTER 2 OLD CHARACTERII COD DATA CODES/'A'. DATA 0LDAGE/' O DO I J=I. M C CHECK FOR EMPTY SPACE IF(LNDCPY(I.J).LT.IO)THEN DECODE(J)=INOTI ELSE SEPARATE THE VEGETATION TYPE nnn —Amrfi.—.A . I‘lcl IFI‘I BI.IMI'le/ '10 . 20'.'30 .‘AO'.'50'.‘60'.'70'.'80‘/ C TVEG=LNDCPY(I.J)/IO C SAVE THE CHARACTER VALUE OF THE VEGATATION TYPE IN THE ARRAY DEC OD E(J)(I:I)-CODES(TVEG) C GET THET AGE BEFORE CU ING AGE-AGES(I,J) C SAVE THE CHARACTER VALUE OF THE AGE BEEOR PUTTING IN THE ARRAY DECODE(J)(2:3)'OLDAGE(TAGE+I) ENDIF I CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE SITES(CENTRS.I.M.ACSITE) C TAKES THE NUMBERS THAT INDICATE AN ACTIVITY CENTER BEING PRESENT C OR ABSENT AND CONVERTS THEM TO CHARACTER CODE FDR PRINTING. IMPLICIT INTEGER A-z) DIMENSION CENTR 5 I6. .1) CHARACTER*I AC(2). AC ITE(9) DATA AC/I I.I@I/ I J=I. ACSITE(J)=AC(CENTRS(I.J)+I) CONTINUE RETURN SUBROUTINE CUTS(LNDCPY.I. TAKES THE AGES 0F VEGETATION PRINTED TO TELL THE USER IF IMPLICIT INTEGER A-z DIMENSION LNDCPY I6. ) CHARACTERfl3 CUTNOH(2).C UTLIN(9) DATA CUTNON/‘CUTI.I '/ n—. I v RTs THEM TO CHARACTERS TO BE UT THAT AREA THIS YEAR OR NOT. nn hm YII'J).LT.IO)THEN J)= CONI (L NOCPY(I. N(J)=CUTNON (I) INIJ)-CUTNDN(2) P ( DL I0). EQ. 0) THEN END CONTINUE RETURN END SUBROUTINE INTRO PRINTS OUT INSTRUCTIONS TO THE USER DESCRIBING HOW TO USE THE MODEL. AND HHAT THE MODEL DOES. NRIBS INTRO TO THE TERMINAL AND THEN TO THE USERCOPY FILE NRITE(I I00) I00 FORMAT(' OI) nN nnnn 853 (tittttttt Sommzoxmxmznm APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) HRITE l.* I GROUSE HANAGEMENT:I 9820 HRITE l,* I THE OBJECTIVES OF RUFFED GROUSE MANAGEMENT ARE T0'9820 HRITE l.* . PROVIDE E000 AND COVER EOR GROUSE AT ALL STAGES OF' 98 0 HRITE l.* I THEIR LIFE CYCLE AND DURING ALL SEASONS 0E THE I 20 HRITE l.* I YEAR. IN MICHIGAN, THE BEST GROUSE HABITAT I 0 HRITE l.* I MANAGEMENT SHOULD INVOLVE. IF POSSIBLE. ASPEN ANDI go HRITE |.* . OTHER HARDHOOD TREE MANAGEHENT. FOR THIS MODELI 8 0 HRITE |.* I THERE ARE THREE CONDITIONS THAT MUST BE MET I 890 HRITE |.* . FOR RUEEED GROUSE TO BE PRESENT ON YOUR LAND. I 300 HRITE l.* . FIRST. ASPEN GREATER THAN 21 YEARS OLD ARE RE8UIRED' 10 HRITE l.* I FOR HINTER E000. SECOND. EITHER UPLAND HARDH 005 I 20 HRITE I.* I 21-60 YEARS OLD. LOHLAND HARDHOODS II- 9 YEARS OLD.I 30 HRITE l.* I CONIFERS 21— 0 YEARS OLD. 0R 11-20 YEA OLD ASPENI g 0 HRITE I.* I ARE NEEDED T PROVIDE HINTER. NESTING, AND BREEDINGI 920 HRITE |.* I COVER. THIRD. EITHER ASPEN 0R LOHLAND HARDHOODS I 33 0 HRITE l.* I UP TO 10 YEARS OLD. UPLANDS HARDHDDDS UP TO 20 I go HRITE l.* I YEARS OLD. 0R BRUSH OF ANY AGE MUST BE PRESENT FOR I 9 0 HRITE l.* I BRODD COVER. IN GENERAL CLEAR CUTTING SHALL PLOTS I 930 HRITE |.* . OF ASPEN AND OTHER HARDHDDD TREES IN TEN YEAR I 0 00 HRITE l.* . INTERVALS BETHEEN THE DIEEERENT CUT Is THE MOST I 10010 HRITE |.* . EEEECTIVE STRATEGY EOR ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAININGI10020 HRITE l.* . THE ABOVE COMBINATIDNS OF AGE CLASSES. I 18838 CALL RETURNS(I) 10020 100 0 HRITE |.* I HHAT THE MODEL HILL DO:' 10050 HRITE l.* . BASED ON THE DATA YOU PROVIDE REGARDING THE I 100 0 HRITE l.* I PRESENT CONDITION OF YOUR PROPERTY IN TERMS OF I 10080 HRITE l,* I VEGETATION TYPES AND AGES. AND THE EXISTING E00TAGEI101 0 HRITE |,* I OF RIVERS. STREAMS, AND ROADS THE MODEL IDENTIFIES‘ 10110 HRITE l.* . EXISTING ACTIVITY CENTERS. THE COMPUTER THEN I 10120 HRITE |.* I RECOMMENDS BLOCKS OF YOUR LAND THAT SHOULD BE CU I 10120 HRITE 1.* . IN ORDER TO MAKIMIZE YOUR GROUSE POPULATION. THEI 101 0 HRITE l.* ' COMPUTER PREDICTS THE NUMBER OF GROUSE THAT HILLI 10120 HRITE |.* . REPRODUCE ON YOUR LAND IF YOU EDLLOH ITS CUTTING I 101 0 HRITE l,* I PLAN. IT ALSO TELLS YOU THE REVENUES YOU HILL I 10130 HRITE |.* . RECIEVE PROM CUTTING THE TIMBER ON YOUR LAND. ALSOIIOI 0 HRITE l.* I YOU MAY ENTER YOUR OHN CUTTING STRATEGIES AND SEE I 10190 HRITE |.* I HDH THOSE PLANS HILL EFFECT THE GROUSE POPULATION I 10200 HRITE l.* I COMPARED HITH THE COMPUTER GENERATED CUTTING PLAN. .18528 CALL RETURNS(I) {ggzg HRITE l.* I THE STATUS OF YOUR RUFFEO GROUSE POPULATION HILLI 10220 HRITE |.* I BE GIVEN IN TERMS OF THE AVAILABILITY OF SITES FOR' 102 0 HRITE I.» I MALES TO SET UP TERRITORIES. THESE SITES. REEERREDI102go HRITE |.* I TO As ACTIVITY SITES. HILL BE PRESENT ON YOUR LANDI 102 0 HRITE l.* I HHEN ALL 3 OF THE CONDITIONS PREVIOUSLY MENTIONEDI 102 HRITE l.* . ARE MET. T0 ACHEIVE THE DESIRED AGE COMBINATIONS I10 HRITE l.* I A 0 YEAR MANAGEMENT PERIOD IS RECOMMENED. THIS I 10 10 HRITE l.* I MO EL PROVIDES A TOOL FOR ANYONE CONSIDERING I 10 20 HRITE l.* I MANAGING THEIR LAND FOR GROUSE. I :8 CALL RETURNS(I) 18 HRITE I.* ' REPRESENTATION OF LAND:' 10 HRITE l,fl I THE LAND IS TO BE REPRESENTED As A MAP OF I 10 HRITE I.* I PREDETERMINED VEGETATION TYPES FOR TREES AND THEI 10 HRITE |.* I LOCATION OF B20IES 0F HATER. THE MAP CDNSISTS OF I 10 HRITE l.* I AN 8 ROH BY 1 COLUMN MATRIX. OR 128 BLOCKS. HITH I IOAI HRITE 1.* I EACH BLOCK REPRESENTING A 2.? ACRE SECTION OF YOUR I10A2 HRITE |.* I LAND. EACH BLOCK IS 930 FEE HIDE (OR 1/16 MILE) I 10kg HRITE 1.9 I BY 9&0 FEET LONG (OR /16 MILE). THIS ALLOHS FOR' 10A HRITE l.* I ARE. OF UP TO 320 ACRES. OR ONE HALE MILE BY ONEI lohg HRITE |.* ' IN AREA. FOR EACH 2. ACRE BLOCK OF YOUR LAND YOUI 10A HRITE |.* I MUST DETERMINE THE TY E AND AGE OF THE VEGETATION.I 10A; HRITE l.* I THE VEGETATION TYPES AND RELATED AGE CLASSES I 10A HRITE |.* I ARE As EDLLDHS (THE LETTERS OR NUMBERS IN THE I long HRITE |.* I PARENTHESIS ARE THE ABBREVIATIONS PRINTED ON THE I 10 HRITE I.“ I COMPUTER GENERATED MAPS): I 10 10 HRITE l.* I I 10 20 ITE l.* I VEGETATION TYPES CODE AGE CLASSES CODEIIO 20 ITE |.* I ASPEN(A) 1 0-10 YRS.(IO) 1'10 0 ITE |.* I LOHLAND HARDHOODS(L) 2 11-21 YRS. 20 2'10 20 ITE |.* I UPLAND HARDHOODS(U) 2 21-20 YRS. 0 2‘10 0 ITE l.* I_ SHAMP CONIFERS/PINES(C) 31- 0 YRS. 0 I10 30 ITE |.* I FIELDS(F) Z 1-20 YRS. 0 2'10 0 ITE |.* I BRUSHEB; 21- 0 YRS. 0 I10 30 ITE l.* I MARSH M a 1-50 Rs. 78 5'10 ITE |.* I HATER (PONDS BLAKES)(H) 71- 0+ YRS.( 0) I102 ITE |.* I NOT C0NSIDERED(N0T CON 00 I 10 2 000 89 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) c C CALL RETURNS(I) HRITE l.* I REMEMBER - THE VEGETATION TYPE AND AGE MUST BE I HRITE I.“ I ENTERED AS A THO DIGIT CODE. THE F|RST DIGIT I HRITE I.* I REPRESENTS THE VEGETATION TYPE. EOR EXAMPLE THE I HRITE |.* I CODE EOR UPLAND HARDHOODS IS 3. THE SECOND DIGITI HRITE l.* I REPRESENTS THE AGE CLASS. EOR EXAMPLE THE CODE EORI HRITE I.* I 61-70 YEAR OLD VEGETATION IS THEREFORE. AI HRITE I.* I BLOCK 0E ASPEN 1- -A0 YEARS 0L HILL BE ENTERED AS I HRITE I.* I THE NUMBER IA E ON THE ABOVE LI THE EIRST I HRITE I.“ I INEORMATION THAT THE COMPUTER HILL PROMPT YOU TO I HRITE l.* I ENTER ARE THE THO DIGIT CODES REPRESENTING THE I HRITE l,* I VEGETATAIVE TYPE AND AGE OE YOUR BLOCKS OE LAND. I HRITE l.* I THE BLOCKS ARE NUMBERED EROM LEET T0 RIGHT ACROSS I HRITE |.* I THE ROHS. THE EIRST ROH CONTAINS BLOCKSS 1-8N AND . HRITE |.* I THE SECOND ROH BEGINS HITH BLOCK 3 AND HRITE l.* I EACH ROH THAT YOUR LAND EALLS 0N UST BE 0COMPLETELY HRITE I.* I EILLEO IN. IE PART 0E THE ROH. EOR ANY REASON. IS I HRITE l.* I LAND THAT YOU DO NOT HANT CONSIDERED IN YOUR HRITE l.* I ANALYSIS JUST ENTER A00. ENTER A -1 IN THE AETERI HRITE l.* I THE ROH CONTAINING YOUR EINAL BLOCK 0E LAND. HRITE I.* I REMEMBER T0 COMPLETELY EILL ALL ROHS THAT CONTAIN I HRITE l,* I ANY LAND THAT YOU HANT TO BE EXAMINED. IE A -I Is HRITE |.* I ENTERED ANY PLACE IN A ROH THAT ENTIRE ROH AND ALLI HRITE l.* I SUBSE UENT ROHS HILL NOT BE CONSIDERED. A REMINDER HRITE l.* I or TH CODES THAT YOU HILL NEED TO ENTER INTO THEI HRITE I.* I THE COMPUTER Is GIVEN BELOH.I é CONTINUE c CALL RETURNS(I) RETURN END SUBROUTINE ENDING DO 1 I=2.3 HRITE l.* I I HRITE l.8 I I HRITE l.* I REMINDER : THIS MODEL IS MEANT TO BE ATOOL TO HELP HRITE |.* I YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RUEEED HRITE l.* I GROUSE MANAGEMENT AND TO SHOH THE ADVANTAGES OE HRITE l.* I MANAGING YOUR LAND EOR RUEEED GROUSE. IT' HRITE |.* I DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ELUCTUATING I HRITE |.* I BIOLOGY 0E THE RUEEED GROUSE. FOR A MOREI . HRITE l,* I INDIVIDUALIZED SET 0E MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS.‘ HRITE |.* I CONSULT YOUR LOCAL HILD EE BIOLOGIST. COMMERCIAL 331;? :.A I EORESTER. 0R RUEEED GROUSE SOCIETY REPRESENTATIVE.I ' 3': ‘ HRITE l.* I I HOPE THAT THE INEORMATION THIS MODEL PROVIDESI HRITE I.A I HILL BE USEEUL To YOU AND THAT YOU HAVE ENJOYEDI HRITE |.* I HORKING HITH THE M00EL.I E CONTINUE I RETURN END SUBROUTINE OHNCUTIANSHER) C THIS SUBROUTINE ALLOHS THE USER TO ENTER THEIR OHN CUTTING PLAN EOR C THE TREE STANDS ENTERED ORIGINALLY. THE USER MUST ENTER THE BLOCK C TO BE CUT EACH YEAR BY BLOCK NUMBER. PLOTS 0E THE LAND ARE PRODUCED C BUT THE AREAS CUT ARE NOT DEPICTED. POTENTIAL CENTERS ARE SHOHN. IMPLICIT INTEGER (A-Z) DIMENSION 8LAN0(16. c8). CENTRS(16. 7). LNDCPY(16. 8).AGES(16. 8). +0CTCUT(A.8 8).OCP T(A. 8) CHARACTERug ANSH ERU INTEGER 0C LOCK. NUMBLKS, Ix.OCY EA ARS COMMON/LANDS/LAND. LNDCPY.CENTRS. AGES. N. M. YEARS. TRECUT. +TOTCUT. PRICE COMMON/SEC TOR/ 0CALE(16 8) REAL 0CTA( (A.8.) .0CGTA(L).O CT A1 ROCGTA1(A). PPRICE(A. 8). OCGPA(A). +OCPA(A.8).OCGPAI(A).OCPA1(A , 8) RA MOC G DATA RATE /0.10/ 23 CONTINUE IE (ANSH ER .Eg. IND I) GOTD 2A c SET LNgCPY'ANDIAlgs MATRICES BACK TO ORIGINAL LAND AND AGES ENTERED DO 2 J - 1. LND CPY(I.J J) - (I.J J) AGES(I.J)-MOD(LAND(I.J).10) CONTINUE 1 CONTINUE 9C) . .--uddddddd-ddfldddddd-ddd‘dddd—ddfldddddddddd-ad““dd‘-_ddddddd~_d——d~d—d—d—-‘-‘~ APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) C SET CENTRS| BACK 2T2 NONE 00 D A J = .7 CENTRS(I. J) - 0 CONTINUE CONTINUE DO 5 s -1.A DO 6 T - 1.8 00 6 R - 1.8 OCTCUT(S .T.R)= 0 CONTINUE CONTINUE PRINTfl. IEOR HOH MANY YEARS HOULD YOU LIKE TO MANAGE YOUR LAND? I PRINTA. IENTER A MULTIPLE DE 10. BETHEEN 10 AND 80.I READfl. OCYEARS OCYTMP - OCYEARS/10.0 OCYEARS . NINTIOCYTHP)*IO DO 9K . I .0CYEARS.10 Q - (K+9)/I 0 WP 0mm 0.. CONTINUE PRINT*.' ' PRINT*.' ' K (K .EQ. 1) THEN :NT .IHOH MANY BLOCKS 0E LAND DO YOU HANT TO CUT IN THE I I I E n-.-. NTA. IEIRST YEAR OE YOUR MANAGEMENT PLAN? (IE YOU DO NOT I NTA. IHANT TO CUT THIS YEAR. TYPE THE NUMBER 999 RATHER I NTf ITHAN THE NUMBER 0E BLOCKS TO BE CUT. )I m “Vrvvvvmx Ix RMAT(I HOH MANY BLOCKS DO YOU HANT TO CUT IN I. I2. I YEARS(999 - NONE)? I) READ *. NUMBLKS ENDIF IE(NUMBLKS.EQ.999) GOTO 9 IF (K .EQ. I) THEN PRINT *" WHAT BLOCKS OF LAND DO YOU WANT TO CUT IN ' EL§E|NT*. THE FIRST YEAR OF YOUR MANAGEMENT PLAN? ' PRINT IIO. IX IIO FORMAT (‘ WHAT BLOE§S)DO YOU WANT TO CUT IN '. + I2. YE ENDIF RINT *.I ENTER THE CODES RINT R.I EOR EXAMPLE. ENT RINT A.I EIRST BLOCK INT EIND. AND CUT THE BLOCKS DD 12 L=1.NUMBLKS PRINT A.I ENTER BLOCK:I READ *.OCBLOCK C EIND AND DDVI THE‘LO ATION 0E THE BLOCK TO BE CUT 00 IA J-1.8 IES(L0CALE(I.J) .EQ. OCBLOCK) THEN T=J ENDIE CONTINUE CONTINUE CUT THE TREES IN THAT INDICATED BLOCK TYP - LNDCPY(S.T /10 ACE - MOD(LNDCPY(S. T). m) LNDCPY S. T) - LNDC CPY Y(S. T OCTCUT TYP. AGE. Q) - OCTCUT(TYP. AGE. Q) + 1 OCPCUT TYP.AGE) - 0C PCUT(TYP. AGE)+ 12 CONTINUE IF (IX .EQ. 30) THEN P YOUR OVERLAY 0N SEPERATE LINES. I P 3w IE YOU HANT TO CUT TH E G DROH TATION ENTERED BY THE USER mo C READ. n—— WI‘ 91 00000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ggwwmw—OmWNmN—WWNP d—o—a—n—o-o-da-n-o-o-a—I—o—u—a—o—n—o—n—‘d NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNN—I-d—ld-‘d—Od-‘o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO wauomwaxnwwd APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) DO 15 I-I.16 DO 16 J- éi/ I0 .E8. 2I)’0R THEN 6 CONTINUE 5 CONTINUE ENDIF CALL AGEIT DO I7 WRITE(I 2I20)Ix+IO I20 + FORMATIE THIS IS YOUR .GROUSE SITUATION AFTER ' .I2.‘ YEARS'. 'OF MANAGEMENT. 7 CONTINUE CALL NOWPOP THESE WARES THE ACRES CUT IN THE PAST TEN YEARS ONLY "IEIIIIEIH ° OCPA(S. T)=(REAL(OCPCUTIS. .T));*2.5 I8 OCGPA(S) =OCGPA(S) + OCPA(ST CON UE C THISoés‘THg REXENUE EROM THE ACRES CUT IN THE PAST TEN YEARS OCG AIISI=O O 00 I 0C2AI(S. T)-(OCPA S. T)*PRICE S. S:Tg) '9 0CG:AI(S)=OCGPAI S) +OCPAI CON NT NU C THIS IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ALL ACRES CUT SO FAR DO 20 S- .A OCGTAIS)=O. 0 DO 20 TBI. 8 DO 20 R=I. fig OCTAIS ) - (REAL(0CTCUT£S:T ,T. .R;))*2. .5 T0CGTA(S) - 0CGTA(S) + OCTAS 20 mo UE C THIS OISZIHE=I NET PRESENT VALUE FROM ALL OF THE ACRES CUT SO FAR DOCGTA1(S)'=8.O DO 21 T=1 DO 21 R=18 OCTAI - I CTA(% IiR) A PRICE(S.T))/((I.O + RATE)AA((R-I)AIO)) OCGTA1(S) - OCG 1(5) + OCTAI 21 CONTINUE 125 FORMA I30 FORMA CRES CUT DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS ') /.IX .‘LOWLAND HARDWOODS'. X'Fg. 2./. . .IX. 'SWAMP CONIFERS/PINS X. 135 FORMA a: A-- W' A CONTINUE ZHIS IS THE TALLY OF REVENUES FROM ALL ACRES CUT SO FAR XlPRICE(I.J)) / ((I.0+RATE) ** ((K'I)*IO)) CONTINUE THIS IS THE REVENUE FROM THE ACRES CUT DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS ONLY 00 6 I-I,g :.. gé8IZII“IAIIIITSIIIE("J” ACRES CUT DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS ') E ) g. 2. /. Ix. LOWLAND HARDHOODS'. DVD 005‘ .sx. $9.2 2) E REVENUES GENERATED BY THE CUTS MADE IN T ELOH IS A TOTAL OF ALL ACRES THAT HAVE BEEN CUT SO FA ;(GTA(|). .I-I .3) I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I.J)))*2-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'BELOH IS THE NET PRESENT VALUE OF ALL THE ACRES THAT HI 9}. 4 APPENDIX A Table 17. Computer program for model (cont'd) +AVE BEEN CUT SO AR ') WRITE(K. IIO)(GTAI(I). I=I, 3) 20 CONTIN RETURNU END SUBROUTINE MAPKEY C THIS SUBROUTINE PROXSQES THE USER WITH A KEY TO THE VEGETATION TYPES E AND RELATED AGE CLA DO I. I-2.3 HRITEII.IOO) I00 FORHAT('0‘) HRITE I.* I THE VECETATION TYPES AND RELATED ACE CLASSES I HRITE l.* I ARE AS EOLLOHS: HRITE |.* I . HRITE I.* . VEGETATION TYPES COOE AGE CLASSES CODE HRITE l.* ' ASPEN(A) - I O-IO YRS. I0 I HRITE I.* I LOHLANO HARDHOODS(L) 2 II-ZO YRS. 20 2 HRITE I.* I UPLAND HARDHOODS(U) a 21- o YRS. 20 a HRITE I.* I SHARP CONIFERS/PINES(C) 31- o YRS. HRITE l.* . FIELDS( 2 I- O YRS. 0 g HRITE l.* I BRUSHES ; 21- O YRS. O HRITE |.* . MARSH M I- O YRS. A HRITE l.* . HATER (PONDS& ELAK EW)( W) 71— 0+ YRS. (80) HRITE l.* . NOT CONSIDER MD( TCON) OOI HRITE I.* I I I CONTINUE RETURN ENO 9£I BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Berner, A., and L.W. Gysel. 1969. Habitat analysis and management considerations for ruffed grouse for a multiple use area in Michigan. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 33(4):769-778. Boag, D.A., and K.M. Sumanik. 1969. Characteristics of drumming sites selected by ruffed grouse in Alberta. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 33(3):621-628. Bump, C., R.W. Darrow, F.C. Edminster, and W.F. Crissey. 1947. The ruffed grouse: life history, propagation, management. New York State Conservation Dept. 915 pp. Dorney, R.S. 1959. Relationship of rUffed grouse to forest cover types in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept. Tech. Bull. 18. 22 pp. Ellefson, P.V., S.L. Palm, and D.C. Lothner. 1982. From public land to nonindustrial private forest: a Minnesota case study. J. For. Apr.:219-234. Gullion, C.W. 1967. Selection and use of drumming sites by male ruffed grouse. Auk 84(1):87-112. . 1970. Factors influencing ruffed grouse populations. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 35:93-105. . 1972. Improving your forested lands for ruffed grouse. Ruffed Grouse Soc. of N. Am., Rochester, N.Y. 34 pp. , and W.H. Marshall. 1968. Survival of ruffed grouse in a boreal forest. Living Bird 7:117-167. Koelling, M. and R. Kidd. 1982. Why manage your woodlot? Michigan State Univ. Cooperative Extension Bull. E-1492. 2 pp. Kubisiak, J. 1978. Brood characteristics and summer habitats of ruffed grouse in central Wisconsin. Wisconsin Dept. Nat. Resour. Tech. Bull. 108. 12 pp. Palmer, W.L. 1963. Ruffed grouse drumming sites in northern Michigan. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 27(4):634-639. , and C.L. Bennett, Jr. 1963. Relation of season length to hunting harvest of ruffed grouse. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 27(4): 631-634. Rusch, D.H. and L.B. Keith. 19718. Ruffed grouse-vegetation relation— ships in central Alberta. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 35(3):417-428. 95 96 and . 1971b. Seasonal and annual trends in numbers of Alberta ruffed grouse. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 35(4): 803—822. Timber Mart North. 1983. Michigan Vol. 3, No. 1-4. F.W. Norris, Highlands, N.C. U.S.F.W.S. 19823. 1980 National Survey of Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife—Associated Recreation. U.S.F.W.S. 1982b. 1980 Michigan Survey of Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Zeichick, H.H. and T.O. O'Keefe. 1983. A new education system for woodlot owners. J. For. Apr.:237-238. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV. LIBRARIES IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 31293107576898