. i f . - I I r I . . .. I . l . 3 I . r : . . I . ) .. . w p .r... I I fl t I J a ? I “ r ' I k ‘ . u ‘ - u ‘ r . 0 . 4 . . . . I I I J I . L . 1 . 2 : . . . r u t . “ . I I ” : 1 . . . . . . I . . . I . I . . . I . . I . : I ~ I . . ; a t } . . . A ’ 1 6 ! I I . I I I . . . , I . . . . . I I . . . . . “ . I I . . . . 5 . . . . . U I I . . . . . . . A . . . 1 . . . . . . r ~ . . I . v l . . n . . u . . . l I I O . I I I . I . 1 5 “ . ! I 4 5 . ” . 7 . u . L I } . . . H a fi z . . . 5 . . . I . . I I “ F a e I I : J . . I I J I I I 5 . 1 . . . . o h v v f u l h n ' h i l l . 1 . . 1 . . . I . . I L . . I I 1 : . . . x t i l I . I a . : I y r x t I . I . . . . L w e . . . . . . . I I L . F . . . . I _ . . . M . _ I . I . I . I . . . . l r . . . . . . . fl a w . P I . . . I . . . a l \ L I . . § . I . S W . 1 . . . ( ” F u n h r . . r . . r . . . . . . . . { I m w x . . 3 . . . . . . I I I I u I I I I I . ‘ 1 3 2 1 ‘ " n x . U . w a r m . I I I 4 . . . $ . 3 1 . W W I I ? w e “ . . . . . I . . . . . . . _ r . . . W I . . . » 1 I M . I . . . . M . . n . 1 . . . N u T fi — J I n . ” I 5 1 . 3 . I . . _ I . [ V 1 7 . . . I m . . . . . d u _ w w v . I . J I . 9 . 3 » . . . I “ a " w t " I : m . I I » . . ¢ . . I J I . 1 . . . . a . “ a . . . “ I f ) ; f r I . W 7 . 3 : 4 ” M e a n m 3 % . ( . 3 : fi r m . ” I n . . w . k I r . . . . 3 5 . . . . 5 7 . 6 “ . . . . . P . . . . ? . . . . : I . . k m ; 1 . . . f h u h ” ; w . . . I . I 2 . . I 5 5 . . . m u I I M I M E m . " “ M r / M u . V . . I I I I . 1 . I V - I . . . . I . 1 a . . F i j i } ? y . . . . . 1 . . w w m m a 5 . . I u A . » . . fi f fi m fi ‘ v — M . . § . W u § . f . 1 . . . . b i r t h . ) “ I d a . I I f . . . N 3 . . . . . n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . w . . . » : M fi x f fi r fi u m . . u . . . I . « I . » I I I z I fl I . . I f ; 7 I I I } . : I I I I } ! F I G - m l I n ” . . . . 7 9 2 ! ~ I . 1 ‘ . a i r — H : n i fi l . . . r E “ ? X L . 1 . ! I I . l I . . . I . . . . . I r \ . I I . . . I . I I . . . . I . . . I . I . . . 1 . . . . . U I I I . r . . . m . . - . 3 . . . . . . . I . . . I . ( I ? n . . . I . . . . . . . I . I I I } ? ? ? . 7 . I H : ( L I I : l x . 7/17/77/7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 T H E S t S I T h i s i s t o c e r t i f y t h a t t h e d i s s e r t a t i o n e n t i t l e d T H E T I M B E R M O U N T A I N T U F F , S O U T H H E S T E R N N E V A D A V O L C A N I C F I E L D : G e o c h e m i s t r y , M i n e r a l o g y a n d P e t r o g e n e s i s p r e s e n t e d b y J a m e s G o r d o n N i 1 l 5 , J r . h a s b e e n a c c e p t e d t o w a r d s f u l fi l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r P h . D . d e g r e e i n G e o l o g y M a j o r p r o f e s s o r / v D a t e M a r c h 1 5 , 1 9 9 1 M S U i s a n A f fi r m a t i v e A c t i o n / E q u a l O p p o r t u n i t y I n s t i t u t i o n 0 - 1 2 7 7 1 L I B R A R Y M I c h I g a n S t a t e U n l v e r s l t y 7 P L A C E I N R E T U R N B O X t o r e m o v e t h i s c h e c k o u t f r o m y o u r r e c o r d . T O A V O I D F I N E S r e t u r n o n o r b e f o r e d a t e d u e . D A T E D U E D A T E D U E D A T E D U E I I . L I ? — — 7 m l M S U I s A n A f f i r m a t i v e A c t i o N E q u e I O p p o fl u n l t y I n s t i t u t i o n c h a - p t T H E T I M B E R . M O U N T A I N T U F F , S O U T H W E S T E R N N E V A D A . V O L C A N I C F I E L D : G E O C H E M I S T R Y , M I N E R A L O G Y A N D P E T R O G E N E S I S V b l u m e I B Y J a m e s G o r d o n M i l l s , J r . A D I S S E R T A T I O N S u b m i t t e d t o M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e o f D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s 1 9 9 1 A B S T R A C T T H E T I M B E R . M D U N T A I N T U F F , S W N E V A D A ' V O L C A N I C F I E L D : G E O C H E M I S T R X , M I N E R A L O G Y A N D P E T R O G E N E S I S B Y J a m e s G o r d o n M i l l s , J r . A s h - f l o w t u f f s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( 1 2 0 0 k m 3 ) a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ( 9 0 0 k m 3 ) w e r e e r u p t e d f r o m c h e m i c a l l y , m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y a n d t h e r m a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s m a g m a b o d i e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 1 . 6 t o 1 1 . 4 m y a . C h e m i c a l , m i n e r a l o g i c a l a n d t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t s i n t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m a n a l y s i s o f g l a s s y p u m i c e c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e b a s a l a n d u p p e r u n w e l d e d z o n e s a n d v i t r o p h y r e o f e a c h m e m b e r . I t i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h a t t h e i n i t i a l m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w a s l a y e r e d . O v e r t i m e m o d i f i c a t i o n b y v a r i o u s p r o c e s s e s f o r m e d a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w h i c h n o w a p p e a r s t o b e z o n e d f r o m a b a s a l t r a c h y a n d e s i t e ( 5 7 w t % S i O Z ) t o a r o o f w a r d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( 7 8 w t % S i O Z ) . T h e R a i n i e r M e s a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m a p p e a r s t o h a v e t a p p e d a s e c o n d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e m a g m a b o d y w i t h r e l a t i v e l y h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f N b , T h a n d R b t h a n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e i n t h e m a i n c h a m b e r . G a p s i n m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n g r a d i e n t s w h i c h r e f l e c t t h e i n i t i a l l a y e r i n g w i t h i n t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , o c c u r w i t h i n e a c h m e m b e r . V a r i a t i o n s i n t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d e t e r m i n e d f r o m F e - T i o x i d e s a r e i n f e r r e d t o r e p r e s e n t g r a d i e n t s t h a t w e r e p r e s e n t i n e a c h m a g m a b o d y ( 7 5 5 0 c , — 1 3 . 0 9 t o 8 9 7 0 c , - 1 o . 5 7 ; R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t r a c h y a n d e s i t e r e s p e c t i v e l y a n d 7 2 7 0 C , - 1 3 . 8 6 t o 9 0 3 0 C , - 1 0 . 9 6 ; A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . B o t h m e m b e r s w e r e m o s t l i k e l y z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 a s t r a c h y d a c i t i c t o r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s f o l l o w e d s e p a r a t e d e g a s s i n g p a t h s . T h e m a g m a s f o r b o t h m e m b e r s p r o b a b l y r e s i d e d a t m i d - c r u s t a l l e v e l s ( 4 t o 7 k b a r s ) b a s e d o n F e - T i o x i d e / f e l d s p a r a n d a m p h i b o l e / q u a r t z g e o b a r o m e t e r s . T h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s o f e a c h m e m b e r p r o b a b l y f o r m e d f r o m d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c r u s t a l r o c k w i t h d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , c r u s t a l a s s i m i l a t i o n ( u p t o 1 0 % b a s e d o n N d i s o t o p e s ) a n d m i n o r m a g m a m i x i n g m o d i f y i n g e a c h p a r t i a l m e l t . P u r e f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n m o d e l s c a n n o t b e u s e d t o g e n e r a t e t h e m o r e e v o l v e d m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , b u t , a r e p e r m i s s i v e f o r f o r m a t i o n o f t h e m o r e e v o l v e d m a g m a s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . B a s e d o n t h e v a r i a b l e s t r a t i g r a p h i c l o c a t i o n o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w i t h i n a n a s h - f l o w s h e e t , t h e s t y l e o f m a g m a c h a m b e r e v a c u a t i o n f o r e a c h m e m b e r i s i n f e r r e d t o b e s i m i l a r t o t h e m o d e l p r o p o s e d b y B l a k e a n d I v e y ( 1 9 8 6 ) f o r a b o d y o f f l u i d s t r a t i f i e d b y d e n s i t y a n d v i s c o s i t y g r a d i e n t s . T o W o o d y a n d J o h n i v A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S I w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k m y p a r e n t s f o r p r o v i d i n g c o n t i n u o u s m o r a l s u p p o r t a n d f o r s p u r r i n g m e o n w i t h t h e n e v e r e n d i n g q u e s t i o n " W h e n a r e y o u g o i n g t o b e d o n e ? " . T o m V o g e l , w h o h a s a d v i s e d , g u i d e d a n d i n s t r u c t e d m e t h r o u g h o u t t h i s s t u d y , h a s m y s i n c e r e s t t h a n k s a n d g r a t i t u d e . T o m h o w e v e r , s h o u l d n o t b e h e l d r e s p o n s i b l e i n a n y f a s h i o n f o r m y a b i l i t y t o c h o o s e a g o o d b o t t l e o f w i n e v i n e g a r . M y c o m m i t t e e m e m b e r s D a v e L o n g , B i l l C a m b r a y , K a z F u j u i t a a n d D a v e M a t t y a r e t h a n k e d f o r t h e a d v i c e , c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s a n d c a n d i d c o m m e n t s g i v e n d u r i n g t h e t e n u r e o f t h i s p r o j e c t . T h i s t h e s i s i s i n p a r t d e d i c a t e d t o t h e m e m o r y o f J o h n W i l b a n d , a c o m m i t t e e m e m b e r w h o p r o v i d e d m u c h o f t h e t e c h n i c a l s u p p o r t n e c e s s a r y f o r t h i s s t u d y a n d w a s a l w a y s h a p p y t o h e l p e m p t y t h e r e f r i g e r a t o r a n d d i s c u s s l i f e . I w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k G e n e S m i t h a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f N e v a d a , L a s V e g a s f o r c o n t i n u e d s u p p o r t f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g . I c a n n o t t h a n k T i m F l o o d a n d T i m R o s e e n o u g h f o r t h e i r c o n t i n u i n g a d v i c e a n d v e r y s p e c i a l f r i e n d s h i p . D a y s a n d n i g h t s w i t h t h e m a t t h e f a r m a n d t h e P B w e r e a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h i s s t u d y . I w o u l d a l s o l i k e t o t h a n k T i m R o s e f o r a l l h i s h e l p w h i l e c o l l e c t i n g s a m p l e s a t t h e N e v a d a T e s t S i t e R e s o r t , a n d , f o r a l l t h e V w o r k a n d i n s i g h t h e h a s c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h i s s t u d y b o t h k n o w i n g l y a n d u n k n o w i n g l y . B e n S c h u r a y t z i s a l s o t h a n k e d f o r h i s f r i e n d s h i p a n d a d v i c e - b u t w i l l I e v e r g e t a c o p y o f y o u r t h e s i s ? D a v e C o o k a n d E r i n L y n c h a r e t h a n k e d f o r t h e i r c o n t i n u e d f r i e n d s h i p a n d c o m p a n i o n s h i p , e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g t h o s e l o n g n i g h t s i n t h e l a b . J a n e B a l l i e n h a s c o n t r i b u t e d m o r e t h a n s h e w i l l e v e r k n o w . N a n c y L a r i v i e r e i s e s p e c i a l l y w o n d e r f u l s t i l l b e l i e v i n g i n m e a n d f o r p u t t i n g u p w i t h t h r e e y e a r s o f s i g n i f i c a n t m o o d c h a n g e s w h i l e f i n i s h i n g u p t h i s s t u d y . R i c k W a r r e n , D a v e B r o x t o n , D a v i d N e a l e y , a n d L a n g F a r m e r w e r e e s s e n t i a l f o r p r o v i d i n g t h o u g h t p r o v o k i n g d i s c u s s i o n s a n d d a t a . T h i s s t u d y w o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n p o s s i b l e w i t h o u t t h e h e l p o f L e e Y o u n k e r w h o p r o v i d e d m u c h o f t h e l o g i s t i c a l , t e c h n i c a l a n d m o n e t a r y s u p p o r t t h r o u g h t h e B a s i c E n e r g y S c i e n c e P r o g r a m a t b o t h t h e N e v a d a T e s t S i t e a n d a t t h e L a w r e n c e L i v e r m o r e N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y . T h e D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s a t M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y p r o v i d e d f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t f o r a p o r t i o n o f t h i s s t u d y t h r o u g h a t e a c h i n g a s s i s t a n t s h i p . M o n m o u t h C o l l e g e i s t h a n k e d f o r p r o v i d i n g l o g i s t i c a l s u p p o r t w h i l e f i n i s h i n g u p t h e m a n u s c r i p t . A n d f i n a l l y I w i s h t o t h a n k W a l t V e n n u m , W o o d y , T o m A n d e r s o n , T e r r y W r i g h t a n d R o l f e E r i k s o n o f S o n o m a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y w h o a r e u l t i m a t e l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h i s w h o l e b l o o d y m e s s . v i L i s t o f T a b l e s L i s t o f F i g u r e s I n t r o d u c t i o n T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S P u r p o s e o f s t u d y P r e v i o u s w o r k R e g i o n a l s e t t i n g . T h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e S a m p l e t y p e S i t e s e l e c t i o n a n d s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e G e o c h e m i s t r y . . I n t r o d u c t i o n M a j o r e l e m e n t o x i d e s R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r T r a c e e l e m e n t s R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r P e t r o g r a p h y a n d M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y O v e r v i e w P e t r o g r a p h y P h e n o c r y s t a n d g l a s s c h e m i s t r y F e l d s p a r P e t r o g r a p h y . . . . . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y B i o t i t e P e t r o g r a p h y . . . . . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y Q u a r t z P e t r o g r a p h y . . . C l i n o p y r o x e n e . . . . . . P e t r o g r a p h y . . . . . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y . . O r t h o p y r o x e n e . . . . . . P e t r o g r a p h y . . . . . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y . . v i i i x x i A m p h i b o l e P e t r o g r a p h y M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y O l i v i n e . . . . P e t r o g r a p h y . . T r a c e P h e n o c r y s t P h a s e s P e t r o g r a p h y G l a s s . C h e m i s t r y G e o t h e r m o m e t r y a n d G e o b a r o m e t r y F e - T i O x i d e G e o t h e r m o m e t r y . T e m p e r a t u r e a n d O x y g e n F u g a c i t y C a l c u l a t i o n s C o e x i s t i n g F e l d s p a r s a n d F e - T i O x i d e s A m p h i b o l e a n d Q u a r t z G e o b a r o m e t r y D i s c u s s i o n . . G e o c h e m i c a l z o n a t i o n i n M a g m a B o d i e s . B a c k g r o u n d . . . . . T h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n M a g m a t i c S y s t e m G e o c h e m i c a l H e t e r o g e n e i t y o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n M a g m a t i c S y s t e m . . . . M i n e r a l o g i c a l V a r i a t i o n s G e o t h e r m o m e t r i c C o n s i d e r a t i o n s . O x y g e n F u g a c i t y a n d S p h e n e - I l m e n i t e S t a b i l i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . G e o b a r o m e t r y . . . . . . . . . . . . P e t r o g e n e s i s . . . . . O v e r v i e w . . . F r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . M a g m a m i x i n g . . . . . . . . . . P a r t i a l m e l t i n g / A s s i m i l a t i o n . . . . T r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e . . R h y o l i t e . . . . . . . . . . . . . M a g m a t i c W a t e r C o n t e n t s . . . . . . . . . . E r u p t i o n d y n a m i c s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S u m m a r y a n d C o n c l u s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . A p p e n d i x 1 . D e s c r i p t i o n o f s a m p l i n g l o c a t i o n s . . A p p e n d i x 2 . G e o c h e m i c a l d a t a f o r g l a s s y p u m i c e s a m p l e s ; M a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t s ( X R F a n d I N A A ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A p p e n d i x 3 . A n a l y t i c a l t e c h n i q u e s . . . . . . M a j o r a n d T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( X R F ) . . T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( I N A A ) . . . . . . . P h e n o c r y s t C o m p o s i t i o n s . . . . . . M a g n e t i t e / I l m e n i t e a n a l y s e s . . . . A p p e n d i x 4 . E l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e d a t a f o r p h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . B i b l i o g r a p h y . . . . . . . . . . . . v i i i - 1 5 1 - 1 6 6 1 7 5 . 1 7 9 . 1 7 9 1 8 7 1 8 9 1 9 2 1 9 7 . 2 0 6 2 0 8 2 3 0 2 3 0 2 3 1 2 3 8 2 4 3 2 5 0 3 1 8 T a b l e 1 . T a b l e 2 . T a b l e 3 . T a b l e 4 . T a b l e 5 . T a b l e 6 . T a b l e 7 . T a b l e 8 . T a b l e 9 . T a b l e 1 0 . T a b l e 1 1 . L I S T O F T A B L E S G e n e r a l s t r a t i g r a p h y o f t h e m a j o r v o l c a n i c u n i t s i n t h e S o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 M o d a l p e t r o g r a p h y o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 T e x t u r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . 6 3 F e - T i o x i d e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d a t a f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . 1 2 1 T e x t u r a l c o n d i t i o n o f m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s a n a l y z e d f o r g e o t h e r m o m e t r y i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r : M a j o r - e l e m e n t M u l t i p l e L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n M o d e l s . . . . . 1 5 3 P h e n o c r y s t a n d p u m i c e b l o c k c o m p o s i t i o n s u s e d i n f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n m o d e l l i n g f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 4 D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s u s e d f o r f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n m o d e l l i n g i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 0 R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l l i n g f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 4 M i n e r a l a n a l y s e s u s e d i n r e g r e s s i o n s f o r c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . . . . . . 1 6 7 D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s u s e d f o r R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l l i n g o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 9 i x T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e 1 2 . l 3 . l 4 . A 3 a . A 3 b . A 3 c . A 3 d . A 3 e . M a j o r e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n t r a c e e l e m e n t m o d e l s a n d f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . D a t a f r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 2 M a g m a m i x i n g m o d e l s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 3 X - r a y f l u o r e s c e n c e m a j o r e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f U S G S s t a n d a r d s r u n a s u n k n o w n s c o m p a r e d t o t h e r e p o r t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n G o v i n d a r a j u ( 1 9 8 4 ) . . . 2 3 2 X - r a y f l u o r e s c e n c e t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f U S G S s t a n d a r d s r u n a s u n k n o w n s c o m p a r e d t o t h e r e p o r t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n G o v i n d a r a j u ( 1 9 8 4 ) . . . 2 3 4 A n a l y t i c a l e r r o r s f o r I N A A t r a c e e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s b a s e d o n l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n o f a n a l y z e d U S G S ( B I R - l , G - l , G - 2 , Q L O — l , R G M - l , S T M - l a n d W - 2 ) , C a n a d i a n ( M R G - l a n d S Y - Z ) a n d J a p a n e s e ( J G - 1 a ) r o c k s t a n d a r d s . 2 3 9 E l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e b e a m p a r a m e t e r s a n d a n a l y z e d o x i d e s f o r v a r i o u s p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 2 E l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f m i n e r a l s t a n d a r d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 4 F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e 1 0 . L I S T O F F I G U R E S L o c a t i o n m a p o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y c a l d e r a c o m p l e x a n d a s s o c i a t e d s a m p l i n g s i t e s f o r t h i s s t u d y . . . . A ) S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n i n w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . B ) S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n i n w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n i n w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , S e c t i o n 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 0 2 v e r s u s C a O d i s c r i m i n a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ) 8 1 0 2 v e r s u s N b d i s c r i m i n a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . B ) R b v e r s u s N b d i s c r i m i n a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T o t a l A l k a l i - s i l i c a c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . M a j o r e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . T r a c e e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . M a j o r e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . T r a c e e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . x i 1 1 2 2 2 7 2 8 3 1 3 2 3 7 3 8 F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e 1 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 6 . 1 7 . A ) R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A l l m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B ) R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t s f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ) S p i d e r g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A l l m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . B ) S p i d e r g r a m s f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . A ) T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m c o m p a r i n g t h e l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B ) T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m c o m p a r i n g t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ) R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . A l l m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B ) R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ) S p i d e r g r a m f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . A l l c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . . . . . B ) S p i d e r g r a m s f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t p l o t c o m p a r i n g t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a n d t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . A ) T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t p l o t c o m p a r i n g t h e l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . B ) T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t p l o t c o m p a r i n g t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . A ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n e d g e s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . B ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n c e n t e r s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . x i i 4 3 4 4 4 8 5 0 5 1 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 8 F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e 1 9 . 2 0 . 2 1 . 2 2 . 2 3 . 2 4 . 2 5 . F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b y s a m p l e f r o m e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . A ) C e l s i a n v e r s u s a n o r t h i t e c o n t e n t i n f e l d s p a r s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . B ) C e l s i a n v e r s u s a n o r t h i t e c o n t e n t i n f e l d s p a r s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . A ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n e d g e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . B ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n c e n t e r s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b y s a m p l e f r o m e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . M g # o f b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e 5 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T 1 0 2 i n b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e 8 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M g # o f b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e $ 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T i O i n b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n 3 M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e $ 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ) P l o t o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e a n d o r t h o p y r o x e n e c o m p o s i t i o n s o n t h e p y r o x e n e q u a d i l a t e r a l d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . B ) P l o t o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e a n d o r t h o p y r o x e n e c o m p o s i t i o n s o n t h e p y r o x e n e q u a d i l a t e r a l d i a g r a m f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . x i i i 6 9 7 O 7 2 7 3 7 6 7 8 7 9 8 0 8 4 F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e F i g u r e 2 8 . 2 9 . 3 0 . 3 1 . 3 2 . 3 3 . 3 4 . M g # o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e 8 1 0 2 c o n t e n t M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M g # o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e 8 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A ) M g # o f o r t h o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y w h o l e p u m i c e 3 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . B ) T 1 0 2 i n o r t h o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . M g # o f o r t h o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g S i O c o n t e n t o f w h o l e p u m i c e . M i c r o p r o b e a n a I y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . M g # o f h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e 8 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A l O i n h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e R a 1 n 1 e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e $ 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C a O i n h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e $ 1 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M g # o f h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e o n l y . . . . . . M a n g a n o a n f a y a l i t e c o m p o s i t i o n s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . O l i v i n e c o m p o s i t i o n s f r o m o t h e r r h y o l i t i c f l o w s a n d t u f f s a r e p l o t t e d f o r r e f e r e n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x i v 8 8 9 O 9 1 9 3 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 9 F i g u r e 3 7 . B a c k - s c a t t e r e d e l e c t r o n p h o t o m i c r o g r a p h s o f m a n g a n o a n f a y a l i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 1 F i g u r e 3 8 . I l m e n i t e g r a i n f r o m s a m p l e R 2 3 - 1 3 w i t h i n c l u s i o n s o f c h e v k i n i t e ( w h i t e ) , z i r c o n ( w h i t e , s q u a r e o u t l i n e s ) a n d a p a t i t e ( d a r k e l o n g a t e i n c l u s i o n s ) . S c a l e b a r o n t h e b o t t o m r i g h t o f t h e p h o t o i s 1 0 0 m i c r o n s l o n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 3 F i g u r e 3 9 . A ) H i s t o g r a m s o f g l a s s y m a t r i x c o m p o s i t i o n s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s d e t e r m i n e d b y e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r : $ 1 0 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 6 B ) A 1 2 0 3 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 C ) F e O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 D ) K 2 0 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 9 E ) C a O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 F ) T 1 0 2 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 F i g u r e 4 0 . A ) S i O Z i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 B ) A 1 2 0 3 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 C ) F e O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5 D ) K 2 0 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 E ) C a O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 F ) T 1 0 2 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8 F i g u r e 4 1 . T e m p e r a t u r e v e r s u s f O Z d i a g r a m d e r i v e d f r o m F e - T i o x i d e p h e n o c r y s t d a t a f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . D a t a a r e f r o m t h i s s t u d y a n d f r o m L i p m a n ( 1 9 7 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0 F i g u r e 4 2 A ) F e - T i o x i d e a n d c o - e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r t e m p e r a t u r e / p r e s s u r e d i a g r a m f r o m S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y ( 1 9 8 5 ) . B ) F e - T i o x i d e a n d c o - e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r t e m p e r a t u r e / p r e s s u r e d a t a f r o m t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 F i g u r e 4 3 . S i O Z v e r s u s t e m p e r a t u r e f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3 X V F i g u r e 4 4 . F i g u r e 4 5 . F i g u r e 4 6 . F i g u r e 4 7 . F i g u r e 4 8 . F i g u r e 4 9 . F i g u r e 5 0 . F i g u r e 5 1 . F i g u r e 5 2 . F i g u r e 5 3 . F i g u r e 5 4 . 8 1 0 v e r s u s - f 0 2 f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R b v e r s u s N b f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f O v e r l a y o f t h e S p i d e r g r a m s f o r t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( l o w - N b a n d h i g h - N b ) a n d t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m c o m p a r i n g t r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s . N d v e r s u s 1 / N d d a t a f r o m T e g t m e y e r , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 9 ) f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f 5 1 0 2 v e r s u s T h , Y b , Z r a n d E u f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e d a t a o n l y Y b / T h v e r s u s T h f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . . . Z r / T h a n d E u / T h v e r s u s T h f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e d a t a o n l y H 2 0 v e r s u s C 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s h o w i n g t h e s e p a r a t e d e g a s s i n g p a t h s f o r t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e s a n d r h y o l i t e s u s i n g t h e d e g a s s i n g c u r v e s o f N e w m a n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) . . . . . . . . . S c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m o f e v a c u a t i o n i s o c h r o n s a s m o d e l l e d b y B l a k e ( 1 9 8 1 ) f o r a l i q u i d o f h o m o g e n e o u s d e n s i t y a n d v i s c o s i t y b e i n g d r a i n e d f r o m a s i n g l e v e n t . . . . . . S c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m o f t h e e v a c u a t i o n p r o f i l e f o r t w o l i q u i d s o f c o n t r a s t i n g d e n s i t y ( q 1 , q 2 ) a n d v i s c o s i t y ( v l , v 2 ) b e i n g d r a i n e d f r o m a s i n g l e v e n t ( B l a k e a n d I v e y , 1 9 8 6 ) F i g u r e A 3 - 1 . M g / M n p a r t i t i o n i n g f o r m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . F i g u r e A 3 - 2 . M g / M n p a r t i t i o n i n g f o r m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . x v i I . 1 8 2 . 1 4 4 . 1 7 6 . 1 7 8 . 1 8 0 . 1 8 3 . 1 8 5 . 1 8 6 . 1 9 0 . 1 9 3 . 1 9 5 2 4 7 2 4 8 I N T R O D U C T I O N P u r p o s e o f s t u d y T h e p r e s e n c e o f c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l g r a d i e n t s i n a s h - f l o w t u f f s h a s b e e n r e c o g n i z e d a n d s t u d i e d f o r m a n y y e a r s ( W i l l i a m s , 1 9 5 2 , i n R o s s a n d S m i t h , 1 9 6 1 ; R a t t e a n d S t e v e n , 1 9 6 4 , L i p m a n , e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 3 ) . T h e h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r a d i e n t s i n a n a s h — f l o w t u f f r e p r e s e n t e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r a d i e n t s i n t h e p a r e n t m a g m a c h a m b e r w a s a n i m p o r t a n t s t e p i n t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f h i g h — l e v e l s i l i c i c s y s t e m s ( c f . S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) . M o r e o v e r , t h e s t u d y o f l a r g e v o l u m e a s h - f l o w t u f f s a s o p p o s e d t o l a v a s t o g a i n i n s i g h t i n t o m a g m a t i c p r o c e s s e s i s a d v a n t a g e o u s b e c a u s e t h e t u f f s p r o v i d e a v o l u m e t r i c a l l y s u b s t a n t i a l , e s s e n t i a l l y i n s t a n t a n e o u s , q u e n c h e d s a m p l e o f t h e m a g m a b o d y ( S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) . T h r o u g h t h e a n a l y s i s o f g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s , t h i s s t u d y o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a t t e m p t s t o a n s w e r s e v e r a l q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e m a g m a t i c p r o c e s s e s t h a t m a y h a v e b e e n o p e r a t i n g i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m : 1 ) W h a t w a s t h e r a n g e o f t h e c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e m a g m a a t t h e t i m e o f e r u p t i o n ? 2 ) D i d t h e m a g m a s r e s i d e i n a s i n g l e c h a m b e r , o r w e r e t h e y b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r f r o m s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t c h a m b e r s e i t h e r p r i o r t o o r a t t h e t i m e o f e r u p t i o n ? 2 3 ) I f a s i n g l e m a g m a c h a m b e r e x i s t e d f o r e a c h m e m b e r , w e r e u n i f o r m c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r a d i e n t s p r e s e n t , o r w e r e t h e r e d i s c r e t e c o m p o s i t i o n a l l a y e r s w i t h i n t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r ? 4 ) W h a t i s t h e o r i g i n o f t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n o f t h e m a g m a s : a r e t h e y d u e t o a n u n m i x i n g p r o c e s s s u c h a s f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , o r p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y d i s t i n c t s o u r c e s , o r , d i d a s s i m i l a t i o n o r v a r i a b l e d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g m o d i f y t h e i n i t i a l m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s ? 5 ) C a n t h e s t y l e o f m a g m a t i c w i t h d r a w a l f r o m t h e c h a m b e r b e c o n s t r a i n e d , i . e . , w a s t h e c h a m b e r e v a c u a t e d f r o m t h e t o p d o w n , o r w a s t h e m a g m a w i t h d r a w a l m e c h a n i s m m o r e c o m p l e x ? T h i s s t u d y o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f i s n o t e w o r t h y i n t w o w a y s : 1 ) i t i s o n e o f t h e f e w s t u d i e s o f a s h — f l o w t u f f s t h a t d e r i v e s i t s d a t a b a s e f r o m g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s i n s t e a d o f w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s , a n d 2 ) i t p a r t o f a s y s t e m a t i c i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e l a r g e v o l u m e a s h - f l o w s h e e t s l o c a t e d i n t h e S o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d ( S W N V F ) b y t h e M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y g r o u p ( R o s e , 1 9 8 8 ; F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a , b ; S c h u r a y t z , a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; V o g e l , e t a l . , 1 9 8 8 ) . O t h e r s t u d i e s o f a s h - f l o w t u f f s a n d l a v a s i n t h e S W N V F h a v e r e l i e d a l m o s t e n t i r e l y o n w h o l e - r o c k s a m p l e s ( B r o x t o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; S a w y e r , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; W a r r e n , i s e t e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; W e i s s a n d N o b l e , 1 9 8 9 ) . B y c o m b i n i n g t h e d a t a f r o m t h i s s t u d y a n d t h a t o f o t h e r w o r k e r s i n t h e S W N V F , w i l l e v e n t u a l l y b e a b l e t o e x a m i n e i n d e t a i l t h e o r i g i n a n d e v o l u t i o n o f t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w h i c h f o r m e d t h e w e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y a n d C l a i m C a n y o n n e s t e d c a l d e r a c o m p l e x . P r e v i o u s W O r k P r i o r t o 1 9 6 0 , o n l y t w o g e o l o g i c s t u d i e s h a d b e e n c o m p l e t e d f o r t h e r e g i o n ; B a l l ( 1 9 0 7 ) p r e p a r e d a r e g i o n a l g e o l o g i c r e c o n n a i s s a n c e m a p a n d R a n s o m e , e t a l . , ( 1 9 1 0 ) p r o d u c e d a d e t a i l e d g e o l o g i c m a p o f t h e B u l l f r o g H i l l s . W i t h t h e o n s e t o f u n d e r g r o u n d n u c l e a r t e s t i n g i n t h e m i d 1 9 6 0 ' s i t w a s a p p a r e n t t h a t d e t a i l e d b a s e m a p s a n d s t r a t i g r a p h i c d a t a w e r e n e c e s s a r y f o r c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t h e u n d e r g r o u n d t e s t i n g p r o g r a m ( E c k e l , 1 9 6 8 ) . T h u s , e x t e n s i v e d e t a i l e d m a p p i n g o f t h e r e g i o n w a s c a r r i e d o u t f r o m 1 9 6 0 t o 1 9 6 6 b y t h e U . S . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y . T h e e n d p r o d u c t o f t h i s p r o g r a m w a s t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f 3 4 g e o l o g i c q u a d r a n g l e m a p s r a n g i n g i n s c a l e f r o m 1 : 2 4 , 0 0 0 t o 1 : 6 2 , 0 0 0 ( s e e B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a f o r a m a p i n d e x ) . R e v i s i o n s t o , a n d n e w g e o l o g i c d a t a f o r , t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y c a l d e r a c o m p l e x m a p p i n g p r o j e c t w e r e c o m p i l e d a n d p u b l i s h e d b y B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 b ) a s a 1 : 4 8 , 0 0 0 s c a l e g e o l o g i c m a p . A n a c c o m p a n y i n g p a p e r o n t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e c a l d e r a c o m p l e x w a s d o n e b y C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 7 ) . B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a ) , a n d C a r r ( 1 9 8 6 ) h a v e s u m m a r i z e d t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c , g e o c h e m i c a l , a n d s t r u c t u r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f v o l c a n i c u n i t s w i t h i n t h e S W N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d . W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 4 ) p r e s e n t d e t a i l e d p e t r o g r a p h i c d a t a o n s o m e o f t h e o l d e r v o l c a n i c u n i t s i n t h e f i e l d . D e t a i l e d s t r u c t u r a l s t u d i e s o f t h e r e g i o n w e r e c o m p l e t e d b y C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 5 ) , E k r e n ( 1 9 6 8 ) , a n d C a r r ( 1 9 8 4 ) . T h e g e o c h e m i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t a n d s e c u l a r e v o l u t i o n o f v o l c a n i c u n i t s a n d t h e i r p a r e n t a l m a g m a s w i t h i n t h e S W N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d a r e d i s c u s s e d b y L i p m a n , ( 1 9 6 5 , 1 9 7 1 ) , L i p m a n a n d F r i e d m a n ( 1 9 7 5 ) , C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 7 ) , R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) , S c h u r a y t z ( 1 9 8 8 ) , V o g e l , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 8 ) , B r o x t o n , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 5 , 1 9 8 9 ) , F l o o d ( 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 a , b ) , S c h u r a y t z , e t a 1 . ( 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ) , a n d W a r r e n , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 8 , 1 9 8 9 ) . O v e r t h e p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s , w o r k e r s a t M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y h a v e f o c u s e d t h e i r s t u d i e s o n t h e l a r g e v o l u m e a s h - f l o w s h e e t s e r u p t e d f r o m t h e B l a c k M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a ( V o g e l , e t a l . , 1 9 8 3 ) , t h e C l a i m C a n y o n c a l d e r a ( S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ; F l o o d , 1 9 8 7 , 1 9 8 9 a , b ; S c h u r a y t z , 1 9 8 8 ) , S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) a n d t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y c a l d e r a ( M i l l s a n d R o s e , 1 9 8 6 ; M i l l s , e t a l . , 1 9 8 7 ; M i l l s a n d V o g e l , 1 9 8 8 ; R o s e , 1 9 8 8 ; V o g e l e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; M i l l s a n d R o s e , 1 9 9 1 ) . O t h e r w o r k e r s a t t h e L o s A l a m o s N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y , N e w M e x i c o , h a v e b e e n i n v o l v e d i n a c o n t i n u i n g c o m p r e h e n s i v e s t u d y o f a l l t h e v o l c a n i c u n i t s o f t h e s o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d n t I I ' ) I ( f ? ( B y e r s , 1 9 8 5 ; B y e r s a n d M o o r e , 1 9 8 7 ; B r o x t o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 9 ; W a r r e n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 4 , 1 9 8 9 ) . S i g n i f i c a n t f i n d i n g s o f t h e s e s t u d i e s i n c l u d e ; t h e d o c u m e n t a t i o n o f a g r e a t e r d i v e r s i t y o f m a g m a t y p e s p r e s e n t a s c o m p a r e d t o e a r l i e r w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s t u d i e s ( V o g e l , e t a l . , 1 9 8 3 , 1 9 8 8 ; R o s e , 1 9 8 8 ; F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a ) , m a g m a m i x i n g o f t w o c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y d i s c r e t e m a g m a t y p e s t o f o r m a n e w , c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h o m o g e n e o u s m a g m a ( F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 b ) , a n d t h e p r e s e n c e o f a c o m p o s i t i o n a l i n t e r f a c e b e t w e e n t w o d i s c r e t e m a g m a t y p e s ( q u a r t z l a t i t e a n d r h y o l i t e ) p r e s e n t i n t h e s a m e c h a m b e r ( F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a ; S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ; S c h u r a y t z , 1 9 8 8 ) . R e g i o n a l S e t t i n g T h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y c a l d e r a c o m p l e x , l o c a t e d i n t h e s o u t h e r n G r e a t B a s i n , w a s a c t i v e f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 3 M a t o 9 . 5 M a a g o ( F i g . 1 ) ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ; C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) . V o l c a n i c a c t i v i t y a t t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y C a l d e r a c o m p l e x w a s p a r t o f a l a r g e r i g n e o u s e v e n t t h a t o c c u r r e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e B a s i n a n d R a n g e P r o v i n c e f r o m E a r l y E o c e n e t o E a r l y P l i o c e n e t i m e ( 3 7 M a t o 5 M a a g o ) ( E a t o n , 1 9 8 4 ) . T h i s e p i s o d e o f i g n e o u s a c t i v i t y m a y h a v e b e e n r e l a t e d t o s u b d u c t i o n o f t h e F a r a l l o n p l a t e a n d l a t e r r e g i o n a l c r u s t a l e x t e n s i o n ( L i p m a n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 2 ; S n y d e r e t a l . , g n i l p m a s d e t . Y a R U C R i c o E s M F s a O F F U N T O d I n T a U N B I I A x R e T T N S l S U p I P L O m D O L R E H W T A L M o c E R T E a A B M M r I e I X d T O l R a P E c P H A T y e l l a V s i s a O - n i a t n u o M s n o n c s e l s r s e i b M 0 . c 2 m P A R G m i T . y e d h u 5 ' t t 1 O I N s A f R T S o s i p h a t D m E r L o n ' o P f 5 M i A S t s a e c t 2 o i . L s . 1 e r u g i F 5 1 ° l 7 " ° ° . 5 7 7 1 3 3 O l ¥ l l O 5 I O l 5 Z D K i l o m e t e u 1 ( A r m a r e a s , a t 0 1 , I 9 7 6 1 9 7 6 ; C r o s s a n d P i l g e r , 1 9 7 8 ; E a t o n , 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 4 ; Z o b a c k , e t a l . , 1 9 8 1 ) . Q u a t e r n a r y v o l c a n i c a c t i v i t y , p r e d o m i n a n t l y b a s a l t i c i n n a t u r e , o c c u r s s p o r a d i c a l l y t h r o u g h o u t t h e B a s i n a n d R a n g e P r o v i n c e a n d r e p r e s e n t s t h e f i n a l s t a g e o f e x t e n s i o n - r e l a t e d i g n e o u s a c t i v i t y ( E a t o n , 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 4 ) . S e v e r a l c a l d e r a s a r e p r e s e n t i n t h e s o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a v o l c a n i c f i e l d ( S W N V F ) . T h e s e a r e , f r o m o l d e s t t o y o u n g e s t ; S l e e p i n g B u t t e ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ) , C r a t e r F l a t - P r o s p e c t o r P a s s ( C a r r , 1 9 8 2 ) , S i l e n t C a n y o n ( N o b l e , e t a l . , 1 9 6 8 ) , C l a i m C a n y o n ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ) , T i m b e r M o u n t a i n — O a s i s V a l l e y ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 6 8 ) , B l a c k M o u n t a i n ( C h r i s t i a n s e n a n d N o b l e , 1 9 6 8 ; N o b l e a n d C h r i s t i a n s e n , 1 9 6 8 , 1 9 7 4 ) , a n d S t o n e w a l l M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a s ( W e i s s a n d N o b l e , 1 9 8 9 ) ( F i g . 1 ) . E r u p t i o n s i n t h e S W N V F r e s u l t e d p r i m a r i l y i n t h e o u t p o u r i n g o f s m a l l t o l a r g e v o l u m e s ( < 1 0 t o > 1 0 0 0 k m 3 ) o f p y r o c l a s t i c m a t e r i a l w h i c h e v e n t u a l l y f o r m e d a s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e q u e n c e u p t o s e v e r a l k i l o m e t e r s t h i c k o f a i r - f a l l a n d a s h — f a l l t u f f s w i t h m i n o r i n t e r b e d d e d l a v a s ( T a b l e 1 ) . E r u p t i o n s o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f w e r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e r e s p e c t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e C l a i m C a n y o n a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y c a l d e r a s ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ; C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) ( F i g . 1 ) . T h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f h a s a m i n i m u m v o l u m e o f 2 2 0 0 k m 3 ( S c o t t , e t a l . , 1 9 8 4 ) a n d w a s e r u p t e d p e r i o d i c a l l y o v e r 8 T a b l e 1 . G e n e r a l s t r a t i g r a p h y o f t h e m a j o r v o l c a n i c u n i t s i n t h e S o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d . F o r m a t i o n 1 M e m b e r V o l u m e V o l c a n i c A g e ( k m 3 ) C e n t e r ( M a ) l A l l u v i u m B a s a l t s S t o n e w a l l F l a t T u f f C i v e t C a t C a n y o n S t o n e w a l l M t n . 6 S p e a r h e a d c a l d e r a 6 T h i r s t y C a n y o n T u f f G o l d F l a t 2 0 B l a c k M t n . c a l d e r a 7 . T r a i l R i d g e 2 5 7 . 5 P a h u t e M e s a 5 0 - 7 5 7 R o c k e t W a s h 5 0 - 7 5 7 R h y o l i t e o f S h o s h o n e S h o s h o n e M t n . 9 M o u n t a i n M a f i c l a v a s M o a t o f T i m b e r M t n . 9 - 1 0 c a l d e r a T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f A m m o n i a T a n k s 9 0 0 T i m b e r M t n . - O a s i s 1 1 . 4 R a i n i e r M e s a 1 2 0 0 V a l l e y c a l d e r a 1 1 . 6 R h y o l i t e l a v a s o f T i m b e r M t n . c a l d e r a 1 1 - 1 3 F o r t y m i l e C a n y o n P a i n t b r u s h T u f f T i v a C a n y o n 1 0 0 0 C l a i m C a n y o n c a l d e r a 1 2 . 9 Y u c c a M o u n t a i n < 4 0 T i m b e r M t n . - O a s i s 1 3 P a h C a n y o n ( 2 0 V a l l e y c a l d e r a 1 3 T o p o p a h S p r i n g 1 2 0 0 c o m p l e x 1 3 . 4 W a h m o n i e a n d S a l y e r f o r m a t i o n s W a h m o n i e a r e a 1 3 . 5 C r a t e r F l a t T u f f P r o w P a s s 2 0 C r a t e r F l a t - P r o s p e c t o r 1 3 . 9 B u l l f r o g 1 9 0 P a s s c a l d e r a c o m p l e x 1 3 . 9 T r a m 1 7 0 1 3 . 9 B e l t e d R a n g e T u f f G r o u s e C a n y o n 2 1 0 S i l e n t C a n y o n 1 3 . 6 - 1 4 . 2 T u b S p r i n g 6 0 - 1 0 0 c a l d e r a 1 4 D a c i t e l a v a s a n d P e r i p h e r y o f C r a t e r 1 4 b r e c c i a s F l a t L i t h i c R i d g e T u f f > 2 3 0 U n c e r t a i n 1 3 . 9 - 1 4 . 3 R h y o l i t e o f K a w i c h S i l e n t C a n y o n c a l d e r a 1 5 V a l l e y " O l d e r " t u f f s U n c e r t a i n > 1 4 . 3 S a n i d i n e - r i c h t u f f s U n c e r t a i n 1 5 T u f f o f Y u c c a F l a t U n c e r t a i n 1 5 R e d r o c k V a l l e y T u f f U n c e r t a i n 1 6 l S t r a t i g r a p h y f r o m B y e r s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) 2 K - A r d a t e s f r o m B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a , 1 9 8 9 ) ; B r o x t o n , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 9 ) ; W a r r e n , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 9 ) ; S a w y e r a n d S a r g e n t ( 1 9 8 9 ) ; V o g e l , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 9 ) ; W e i s s a n d N o b l e ( 1 9 8 9 ) 0 . 5 M a ( 1 3 . 4 m y a t o 1 2 . 9 m y a ) ( B r o x t o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) . I n c r e m e n t a l c o l l a p s e o f t h e c a l d e r a i s i n d i c a t e d b y i n t e r b e d d e d b r e c c i a s o f e a r l i e r e r u p t e d t u f f s , a n d t h i c k d e p o s i t s o f c a l d e r a f i l l ( C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) . L i p m a n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 6 ) a n d S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ) h a v e r e p o r t e d d e t a i l e d l i t h o l o g i c a n d c h e m i c a l s t u d i e s o n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r . A n a l y s e s o f t h e o v e r l y i n g P a h C a n y o n , Y u c c a M o u n t a i n , a n d T i v a C a n y o n M e m b e r s h a v e b e e n p e r f o r m e d b y W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) a n d F l o o d , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 a , 1 9 8 9 b ) . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 1 . 6 M a a g o , e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i n i t i a t e d c o l l a p s e o f t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r r o o f r e s u l t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a , b ; B r o x t o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) . F u r t h e r s u b s i d e n c e o f t h e c a u l d r o n r e s u l t e d a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f p y r o c l a s t i c m a t e r i a l w h i c h f o r m e d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ; C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 7 ; B r o x t o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) . A l t h o u g h i n i t i a l c a l c u l a t i o n s o f K / A r d a t e s i n d i c a t e d a 0 . 2 M a i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , r e - c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e s e d a t e s a n d n e w w o r k b y S a w y e r ( 1 9 9 0 , p e r s . c o m m . ) i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e t i m e b e t w e e n e r u p t i o n s d a t e i s v i r t u a l l y i n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e w i t h c u r r e n t A r / A r d a t i n g t e c h n i q u e s . R e s u r g e n c e o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a o c c u r r e d a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a n d r e s u l t e d i n 1 2 0 0 m o f u p l i f t f o r m i n g t h e r I I . a n v i l - " v y - V b - u V fi b » o r h r . . . - 1 0 p r e s e n t d a y T i m b e r M o u n t a i n ( C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) . N e s t i n g o f t h e c a l d e r a s , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e B l a c k M o u n t a i n a n d S t o n e w a l l c a l d e r a s , m o s t l i k e l y r e p r e s e n t s t h e e m p l a c e m e n t a n d e r u p t i o n o f a s e r i e s o f c o n t i n u o u s l y e v o l v i n g a n d p e r i o d i c a l l y r e p l e n i s h e d m a g m a b o d i e s ( B r o x t o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) . V o l c a n i s m w a n e d f o l l o w i n g e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s , a d d i n g o n l y t w o s m a l l — v o l u m e a s h - f l o w t u f f s ( F l e u r d e L i s R a n c h a n d t u f f o f C u t o f f R o a d ) , a s e r i e s o f r h y o l i t e f l o w s a l o n g t h e c a l d e r a r i m , a n d m i n o r b a s a l t f l o w s ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a , b ; C h r i s t i a n s e n , e t a l . , 1 9 7 7 ) . T h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r T h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f i s a c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d , c o m p o u n d c o o l i n g u n i t ( F i g . 2 , T a b l e 1 ) . A p i n k , r h y o l i t i c , t u f f a c e o u s b a s e i s s e p a r a t e d f r o m a n o v e r l y i n g d a r k b r o w n t o b l a c k t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c t o t r a c h y d a c i t i c t u f f b y a p a r t i a l c o o l i n g b r e a k . T h e m o r e m a f i c ( t r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e ) w h o l e - r o c k t u f f c o m p o s i t i o n s w e r e o r i g i n a l l y r e f e r r e d t o b y B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a ) a s q u a r t z l a t i t e f o r b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . O n l y w h e n s p e c i f i c r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e t o t h e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f w o r k o f B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a ) w i l l t h e t e r m q u a r t z l a t i t e b e u s e d . t - “ S u n H R A I N I E R M E S A M B R . . S E C T I O N 8 A 8 0 I u u u E E 1 ( D 6 0 ‘ H U J : E E , 4 0 L - J : % U N W E L D E D T O P I n E ] E ] [ g m E ] C E 2 2 0 _ V I T R O P H Y R E [ 1 ] m y _ ' — < 1 c : 1 — U N W E L D E D B A S E m 0 l l l J 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 P U M I C E S i O 2 ( W t % 1 A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . . S E C T I O N 4 B 3 0 u l I l E ' : E . 1 L D 6 0 r H I I I E ] E l L I L - : 1 U N W E L D E D T O P 0 m L J . H 4 0 - : r 0 . < 1 E H 2 0 ' T [ — < 1 E U N W E L D E D B A S E m o . r . " . . m 5 5 6 0 6 5 . 7 0 7 5 8 0 P U M I C E S l O 2 ( w t % 1 F i g u r e 2 . A ) S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n i n w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . B ) S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n i n w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . E T h e o u t f l o w s h e e t o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t y p i c a l l y e x h i b i t s a l l t h r e e z o n e s o f w e l d i n g a s d e f i n e d b y S m i t h ( 1 9 6 0 a , b ) ; 1 ) z o n e o f n o w e l d i n g , 2 ) z o n e o f p a r t i a l w e l d i n g , a n d 3 ) z o n e o f d e n s e w e l d i n g . W h e r e e x p o s e d a n d n o t r e m o v e d b y e r o s i o n , b o t h a b a s a l a n d u p p e r z o n e o f n o w e l d i n g a r e p r e s e n t . T h e s e z o n e s o f n o w e l d i n g g r a d e r a p i d l y i n t o z o n e s o f p a r t i a l w e l d i n g w h i c h i n t u r n g r a d e i n t o a z o n e o f d e n s e w e l d i n g w h e r e t h e a s h - f l o w t u f f h a s s u f f i c i e n t t h i c k n e s s . T h e z o n e o f d e n s e w e l d i n g c o m m o n l y f o r m s a b l a c k v i t r o p h y r e . F i a m m e a r e c o m m o n i n t h i s v i t r o p h y r i c z o n e . T h e b a s a l z o n e o f n o w e l d i n g a n d l o w e r z o n e o f p a r t i a l w e l d i n g a r e c o m m o n l y g l a s s y a n d p u m i c e r i c h . T h e u p p e r z o n e o f p a r t i a l w e l d i n g i s a l w a y s d e v i t r i f i e d a n d m a y c o n t a i n a r e g i o n o f v a p o r - p h a s e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . T h e u p p e r z o n e o f n o w e l d i n g i s u s u a l l y g l a s s y a n d p u m i c e r i c h . T h e c o o l i n g b r e a k n o t e d b y B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a ) i s d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d i n m a n y o f t h e o u t c r o p s . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r T h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s a c o m p o u n d a s h - f l o w s h e e t ( F i g . 2 , T a b l e 1 ) . B y e r s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 6 a , 1 9 7 6 b ) d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t c o n s i s t s o f a n u p p e r a n d l o w e r c o o l i n g u n i t . B y e r s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 6 a ) f u r t h e r s u b d i v i d e d t h e l o w e r a n d u p p e r u n i t s i n t o r h y o l i t i c a n d q u a r t z l a t i t i c s u b u n i t s . 1 3 T h e a r e a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o o l i n g u n i t s a s d e f i n e d b y B y e r s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 6 a ) f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w i t h i n a n d b e y o n d t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a i s q u i t e c o m p l e x ( s e e B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a , p . 4 6 - 4 7 f o r a d e t a i l e d d i s c u s s i o n ) . T h e p r e s e n c e o f a m o d e r a t e l y - f a u l t e d , a d d i t i o n a l c o o l i n g u n i t a t t h e b a s e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o n P a h u t e M e s a h a s c o m p l i c a t e d t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . T h i s u n i t i s s i g n i f i c a n t i n t h a t i t c o n t a i n s s o m e o f t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f o u n d i n a l l o f t h e c o l l e c t e d s e c t i o n s . N o b l e , e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 7 ) m a p p e d t h i s a d d i t i o n a l u n i t a s a l o w e r A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . B a s e d o n m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s p e r f o r m e d b y R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) , t h i s e n i g m a t i c u n i t i s m o r e s i m i l a r t o t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d m a y r e p r e s e n t a p r e v i o u s l y u n r e c o g n i z e d u p p e r c o o l i n g u n i t r e l a t e d t o t h e R a i n i e r M e s a e r u p t i v e p h a s e . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l s i m i l a r i t y o f t h e s e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s t o b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f m a y b e e v i d e n c e t h a t t h i s s m a l l c o o l i n g u n i t w a s e r u p t e d a t a l a t e r m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n a r y s t a g e t h a n t h e m a i n R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r m a g m a t i c p h a s e a n d t h u s w o u l d r e p r e s e n t a t r a n s i t i o n a l m a g m a t i c p h a s e b e t w e e n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . F u r t h e r d e t a i l e d w o r k n e e d s t o b e p e r f o r m e d o n t h i s u n i t . T h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s h i g h l y v a r i a b l e w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e v a r i o u s z o n e s o f w e l d i n g i n 1 4 a n y g i v e n a r e a . I n s o m e a r e a s t h e b a s a l a n d u p p e r z o n e s o f n o w e l d i n g g r a d e i n t o t h e z o n e o f d e n s e w e l d i n g a s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . I n o t h e r a r e a s h o w e v e r , t h e b a s a l z o n e o f n o w e l d i n g m a y b e a b s e n t a n d t h e t u f f w i l l b e p a r t i a l l y w e l d e d a t t h e b a s a l c o n t a c t w i t h t h e u n d e r l y i n g a i r - f a l l t u f f . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , i n o t h e r a r e a s ( s u c h a s s e c t i o n 5 ( s a m p l e s A 5 - X X ) ) , t h e e n t i r e t h i c k n e s s o f t u f f ( u p t o 3 5 m e t e r s t h i c k ) m a y e x h i b i t o n l y i n c i p i e n t w e l d i n g . P u m i c e ( a n d f i a m m e w h e r e d e n s e l y w e l d e d ) a r e u b i q u i t o u s t h r o u g h o u t t h e t h i c k n e s s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . T h e c o o l i n g b r e a k b e t w e e n t h e l o w e r a n d u p p e r u n i t s o f B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a ) w a s d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d i n m o s t o u t c r o p s . S A M P L I N G T E C H N I Q U E S a m p l e T y p e H i s t o r i c a l l y , g e o c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l s t u d i e s o f a s h - f l o w t u f f s h a v e b e e n p r e d o m i n a n t l y b a s e d u p o n w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s . I n m a n y i n s t a n c e s , g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s f o r c o m p a r a t i v e s t u d i e s . I n a f e w s t u d i e s , s u c h a s t h a t b y L e a t , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 4 ) o n c a l d e r a s o f t h e K e n y a R i f t V a l l e y , o n l y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e u s e d . I n t h e s e s t u d i e s r e l y i n g s o l e l y o n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s , s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e a n d s a m p l e n u m b e r m u s t b e a d e q u a t e t o d o c u m e n t t h e f u l l r a n g e o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n . S o m e v o l u m e t r i c a l l y l a r g e a s h - f l o w t u f f s h o w e v e r , s u c h a s t h e F i s h C a n y o n T u f f ( > 3 0 0 0 k m 3 ) o f t h e S a n J u a n V o l c a n i c F i e l d , s o u t h e r n C o l o r a d o , h a v e s u r p r i s i n g l y h o m o g e n e o u s c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r b o t h w h o l e - r o c k t u f f a n d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s ( c f . W h i t n e y a n d S t o r m e r , 1 9 8 5 ) . T h u s a s m a l l n u m b e r o f s a m p l e s i n t h i s t y p e o f s i t u a t i o n m a y n o t c r e a t e a b i a s i n t h e d o c u m e n t a t i o n o f t h e t y p e s o f m a g m a p r e s e n t i n t h e p a r e n t m a g m a b o d y . S t u d i e s o f t h e a s h - f l o w t u f f s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n - O a s i s V a l l e y c a l d e r a c o m p l e x b y S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ; F l o o d , 1 9 8 7 ; F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a , 1 9 8 9 b ; R o s e , 1 9 8 8 ; M i l l s a n d R o s e ( 1 9 8 6 ) ; M i l l s , e t a 1 . ( 1 9 8 7 ) a n d M i l l s a n d V o g e l ( 1 9 8 8 ) h a v e a l s o c o n c e n t r a t e d o n g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s i n s t e a d o f w h o l e — r o c k t u f f w i t h t h e 1 5 1 6 e x c e p t i o n t h a t t h e i r s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s h a v e b e e n d e s i g n e d t o e n s u r e t h o r o u g h s a m p l i n g a n d a m i n i m i z a t i o n o f s a m p l e b i a s . T h e m o t i v a t i o n f o r u s i n g g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s l i e s i n t h e v e r y n a t u r e o f t h e o r i g i n o f a s h - f l o w t u f f s a n d i s a t e c h n i q u e t h a t h a s b e e n u s e d b y s e v e r a l o t h e r w o r k e r s i n t h e p a s t ( e . g . L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 , 1 9 7 1 ; W a l k e r , 1 9 7 2 ; W o l f f , 1 9 8 5 ; H i l d r e t h a n d M a h o o d , 1 9 8 5 ) . A s h - f l o w t u f f s h a v e f o u r b a s i c c o m p o n e n t s : 1 ) g l a s s y o r d e v i t r i f i e d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a n d / o r f i a m m e , 2 ) a f i n e g r a i n e d a s h y m a t r i x c o m p o s e d o f g l a s s s h a r d s , 3 ) p h e n o c r y s t s r e l e a s e d f r o m t h e e v i s c e r a t e d a n d c r u s h e d p u m i c e d u r i n g e r u p t i o n , a n d , t h o s e s t i l l c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s , a n d 4 ) a w i d e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f x e n o l i t h i c f r a g m e n t s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e v e n t w a l l s , a n d , f r o m s u r f a c e m a t e r i a l e n t r a i n e d b y t h e a s h - f l o w d u r i n g e m p l a c e m e n t . R e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a c h e m i s t r y , a s s u m i n g a s i m p l e c a s e o f a c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h o m o g e n e o u s p a r e n t m a g m a , c a n b e c o m p l i c a t e d b y p h e n o c r y s t e l u t r i a t i o n d u r i n g t r a n s p o r t a n d x e n o l i t h i c c o n t a m i n a t i o n ( W a l k e r , 1 9 7 2 ; W o l f f , 1 9 8 5 ) . A s i s t h e c a s e f o r m o s t l a r g e v o l u m e a s h - f l o w t u f f s h o w e v e r , t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a m a y h a v e u p t o s e v e r a l d i s c r e t e c o m p o s i t i o n s w h i c h m a y b e c o e v a l l y e r u p t e d ( e . g . L i p m a n , e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 3 ; W o l f f a n d S t o r e y , 1 9 8 4 , S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ) . G e o c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l A ] 1 7 r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d u p o n w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s i n t h i s c a s e i s v e r y d i f f i c u l t , e v e n w i t h d e t a i l e d , i n d i v i d u a l g l a s s s h a r d a n a l y s e s b y a n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e . I t m u s t b e r e c o g n i z e d t h e n t h a t c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a n a l y s e s o f w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s r e p r e s e n t a m i x t u r e o f t h e a b o v e m e n t i o n e d c o m p o n e n t s . I n d i v i d u a l s h a r d a n a l y s e s i n a w h o l e - r o c k s a m p l e w i l l p r o v i d e m g l g c o m p o s i t i o n s , b u t m g g m g c o m p o s i t i o n s m u s t i n c l u d e p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s p r e s e n t w i t h i n t h a t p a r t i c u l a r s y s t e m , a p r o b l e m w e f e e l b e s t s o l v e d b y e x a m i n i n g p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . I n a n a t t e m p t t o c i r c u m v e n t s o m e o f t h e p r o b l e m s o u t l i n e d a b o v e , t h i s s t u d y c o n c e n t r a t e s o n t h e g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f o u n d i n t h e u n w e l d e d t o p a r t i a l l y w e l d e d z o n e s a n d f i a m m e l o c a t e d i n t h e v i t r o p h y r e s o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T h e s e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s m o s t n e a r l y r e p r e s e n t t h e o r i g i n a l p r e - e r u p t i v e m a g m a t i c g e o c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n s ( c f . W o l f f , 1 9 8 5 ) . S e c o n d a r y a l t e r a t i o n o f t h e g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s d o e s o c c u r a s g r o u n d w a t e r p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e p o r o u s u n w e l d e d t o p a r t i a l l y w e l d e d z o n e s i n t h e a s h - f l o w t u f f . T h e a l t e r a t i o n a p p e a r s t o m o s t d i r e c t l y a f f e c t t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e a l k a l i s a n d f e r r o u s i r o n ( A r a m a k i a n d L i p m a n , 1 9 6 5 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 5 ; N o b l e , 1 9 6 5 , 1 9 6 7 ) . T h i s e f f e c t a p p e a r s t o b e m i n o r i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a s d o c u m e n t e d b y t h e s m a l l a m o u n t 1 8 o f s c a t t e r o n g e o c h e m i c a l v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s . P h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s d o n o t a p p e a r t o b e a l t e r e d i n a n y f a s h i o n . P u m i c e f r a g m e n t s o f a c o m m i n g l e d n a t u r e e x i s t w i t h i n b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T h e t e r m c o m m i n g l i n g w i l l b e u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y a s d e f i n e d b y B a c o n ( 1 9 8 6 ) , " . . . ( c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y ) b a n d e d o r i n c l u s i o n - b e a r i n g m a g m a s . . . " . C o m m i n g l i n g m a y o c c u r b y s e v e r a l m e t h o d s w h i c h i n c l u d e b u t a r e n o t l i m i t e d t o ; c o m m i n g l i n g f r o m t h e i n j e c t i o n o f n e w m a g m a i n t o t h e c h a m b e r , c o m m i n g l i n g d e e p w i t h i n t h e c h a m b e r a s t h e m a g m a ( s ) a r e b r o u g h t t o t h e v e n t d u r i n g e r u p t i o n , o r , c o m m i n g l i n g d i r e c t l y w i t h i n t h e v e n t a s t h e d i f f e r e n t m a g m a t y p e s a r e f o r c e d t h r o u g h t h e c o n d u i t . P u m i c e f r a g m e n t s t h a t o r i g i n a t e b y c o m m i n g l i n g a r e o f t e n r e c o g n i z e d b y t h e i r d i s t i n c t c o l o r a n d t e x t u r a l b a n d i n g . O f a m o r e s u b t l e c o m p l e x i t y a r e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s t h a t r e p r e s e n t c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y m i x e d m a g m a s a s d e f i n e d b y B a c o n ( 1 9 8 6 ) , " . . . ( c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y ) h o m o g e n e o u s h y b r i d m a g m a s . . . " . I n t h i s c a s e , t w o o r m o r e m a g m a t y p e s h a v e b e e n s o t h o r o u g h l y m i x e d i n t h e c h a m b e r t h a t a n e w , c h e m i c a l l y h o m o g e n e o u s m a g m a i s c r e a t e d . P u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f o r m e d b y m i x i n g w e r e i d e n t i f i e d i n t h i s s t u d y b y t h e p r e s e n c e o f d i s e q u i l i b r i u m p h e n o c r y s t s . M a g m a m i x i n g r e s u l t s i n b i m o d a l t o p o l y m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s i n a p a r t i c u l a r s a m p l e . I f e n o u g h t i m e e l a p s e s a f t e r m i x i n g h o w e v e r , t h e p h e n o c r y s t . 3 Q v A » Q ! a s I ‘ l ‘ r t . « fl u C w 1 9 p o p u l a t i o n s w i l l r e e q u i l i b r a t e t o t h e n e w p h y s i c a l a n d c h e m i c a l c o n d i t i o n s a n d a c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y d i s t i n c t m a g m a w i l l b e f o r m e d w h i c h w i l l l a c k p o l y m o d a l p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s . A n e x c e l l e n t e x a m p l e o f t h i s p r o c e s s h a s b e e n s h o w n t o h a v e o c c u r r e d i n t h e P a h C a n y o n M e m b e r o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f ( F l o o d , 1 9 8 7 ; F l o o d e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 b ) . C o m p l i c a t i o n s a r i s i n g f r o m c o m m i n g l i n g o f m a g m a t y p e s d u r i n g e r u p t i o n a r e a v o i d e d b y o m i t t i n g s a m p l e s w i t h m a c r o s c o p i c t o m i c r o s c o p i c b a n d i n g ( b a s e d o n c o l o r , t e x t u r e , a n d m i n e r a l o g y ) ( c f . W i l l i a m s , 1 9 4 2 ; B a c o n , 1 9 8 3 ) a n d t h o s e c o n t a i n i n g d i s e q u i l i b r i u m p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e s i d e n t i f i e d o n t h e b a s i s o f o p t i c a l a n d e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s . T h e s t u d y o f p h e n o c r y s t s i n w h o l e - r o c k o r b u l k s a m p l e s o f a s h - f l o w t u f f s h o w e v e r c a n b e e n c u m b e r e d b y s e v e r a l f a c t o r s : 1 ) m a g m a f r a g m e n t a t i o n p r o c e s s e s w h i c h c a u s e p r e f e r e n t i a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f c r y s t a l s f r o m p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s , a n d , c a n e n r i c h b u l k s a m p l e s o f t h e i g n i m b r i t e i n p h e n o c r y s t s ( W o l f f , 1 9 8 5 ) , 2 ) a t m o s p h e r i c w i n n o w i n g o f f i n e a s h d u r i n g t r a n s p o r t o f t h e a s h - f l o w w h i c h a g a i n r e s u l t s i n t h e e n h a n c e m e n t o f p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n t h e d e p o s i t ( H a y , 1 9 5 9 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; W a l k e r , 1 9 7 2 ; S p a r k s a n d W a l k e r , 1 9 7 7 ) , 3 ) i n c l u s i o n o f x e n o c r y s t s a n d x e n o l i t h s o f c o u n t r y r o c k a b r a d e d f r o m v e n t w a l l s , a n d , i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f s u r f a c e m a t e r i a l d u r i n g p a s s a g e o f t h e a s h - f l o w ( W a l k e r , 1 9 7 2 ) , a n d 4 ) t h e c o m b i n i n g o f 2 0 p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s d u r i n g t r a n s p o r t o f t h e a s h - f l o w f r o m c o e v a l l y e r u p t e d , c h e m i c a l l y d i s c r e t e m a g m a t y p e s . I n a d d i t i o n t o p r o b l e m s w i t h w h o l e - r o c k s a m p l e s , c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a n a l y s e s o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w i t h i n p y r o c l a s t i c f l o w d e p o s i t s m u s t a l s o b e p e r f o r m e d w i t h c a u t i o n . A s s h o w n b y W o l f f ( 1 9 8 5 ) , c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f s a m p l e s i z e i s c r i t i c a l t o m i n i m i z i n g t h e e f f e c t s o f m a g m a f r a g m e n t a t i o n ( p r e f e r e n t i a l l o s s o f p h e n o c r y s t s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s d u r i n g e r u p t i o n a n d t r a n s p o r t ) a n d p h e n o c r y s t c o n t r o l o f b u l k p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c h e m i s t r y d u e t o h i g h c r y s t a l / g l a s s r a t i o s . F o r m i n e r a l o g i c a n a l y s e s p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s s h o u l d b e u s e d i f p o s s i b l e w h e n t r y i n g t o r e c o n s t r u c t o r i g i n a l m a g m a t i c p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e s a s w h o l e r o c k s a m p l e s m a y s u f f e r o n e o r m o r e o f t h e m a n y e f f e c t s n o t e d a b o v e ( L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; S p a r k s a n d W a l k e r , 1 9 7 7 ; W o l f f , 1 9 8 5 ) . T h u s a t t e m p t s t o c o r r e l a t e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s w i t h o r i g i n a l m a g m a t i c g e o c h e m i c a l a n d / o r m i n e r a l o g i c c o m p o s i t i o n s m a y l e a d t o e r r o n e o u s r e s u l t s i f c a u t i o n i s n o t u s e d . I n m a n y a s h - f l o w t u f f s h o w e v e r , t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s m a y b e i m p o s s i b l e d u e t o t h e p a u c i t y a n d / o r d e v i t r i f i c a t i o n o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w i t h i n t h e t u f f . I n b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f h o w e v e r , g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e u b i q u i t o u s . E v e r y a t t e m p t w a s m a d e d u r i n g t h i s s t u d y t o s e l e c t l a r g e e n o u g h s a m p l e s o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s s o a s t o m i n i m i z e s i z e b i a s . C o l l e c t i o n o f g l a s s y p u m i c e 2 1 f r a g m e n t s f r o m o n l y t h e u n w e l d e d b a s a l z o n e , v i t r o p h y r i c z o n e a n d u n w e l d e d t o p o f t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t w o u l d i n i t i a l l y s e e m t o b e a p o t e n t i a l s o u r c e o f s a m p l e b i a s . H o w e v e r , a s s h o w n b y S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) , a s l o n g a s t h e u p p e r , p o o r l y t o n o n - w e l d e d z o n e o f t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t i s c o l l e c t e d , t h e f u l l r a n g e o f p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n s p r e s e n t w i t h i n t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e s h e e t w i l l m o s t l i k e l y b e r e p r e s e n t e d a t t h e t o p o f t h e s h e e t . T h i s h a s a l s o b e e n v e r i f i e d b y d a t a c o l l e c t e d b y R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S e c t i o n # 5 o f R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) w a s c o l l e c t e d i n a 3 5 m e t e r t h i c k , c o m p l e t e l y u n w e l d e d s e c t i o n o f t u f f f r o m b a s e t o t o p i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 m e t e r i n t e r v a l s . P u m i c e f r a g m e n t s c o l l e c t e d a t t h e t o p o f t h i s s e c t i o n w e r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f a l l c o m p o s i t i o n s p r e s e n t b e l o w t h i s r e g i o n ( F i g . 3 ) . S i t e S e l e c t i o n a n d S a m p l i n g T e c h n i q u e P o t e n t i a l c o l l e c t i n g l o c a l i t i e s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m U S G S g e o l o g i c t o p o g r a p h i c m a p s ( s e e B y e r s e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a f o r a m a p i n d e x ) . T h e s e l e c t i o n o f o u t c r o p s t o b e s a m p l e d w a s b a s e d o n s t r a t i g r a p h i c c o n t r o l o f t h e u n d e r l y i n g a n d o v e r l y i n g u n i t s , d e g r e e o f e x p o s u r e , a b s e n c e o f h y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n , a n d t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n u n w e l d e d b a s e a n d / o r t o p a t t h e e x p o s e d s e c t i o n . P a r t i a l l y e x p o s e d o r e r o d e d u n i t s ( w h e r e o n l y u n w e l d e d b a s e s o r t o p s w e r e p r e s e n t ) w e r e c o l l e c t e d o n l y w h e n n e a r b y e x p o s u r e s t h a t 3 0 l r I l E * — 3 5 0 r - - # 4 L L I I I I C . ) E N T I R E S E C T I O N U N W E L D E D H 4 0 - - I I I C ; I I I m m m m a : m [ m m m ( I ) H 2 0 L - ' . _ < 1 C I : ' . _ . w o . m 1 3 e e [ 9 . m 5 5 6 0 6 5 . 7 0 7 5 P U M I C E 5 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 3 . S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n i n w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n f o r 2 2 A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . , S E C T I O N 5 t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , S e c t i o n 5 . B O 2 3 p r o v i d e d t h e m i s s i n g t o p o r b o t t o m o f t h e s e c t i o n c o u l d b e f o u n d . S a m p l i n g l o c a t i o n s o f c h e m i c a l l y a n a l y z e d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a r e s h o w n i n F i g u r e l . E x a c t l o c a t i o n s o f t h e s a m p l i n g s i t e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n A p p e n d i x 1 . O n c e a s i t e w a s s e l e c t e d f o r s a m p l i n g , p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e c o l l e c t e d o v e r a n a r e a o f 1 0 m 2 ( 1 m e t e r h i g h b y 1 0 m e t e r s w i d e ) a p p r o x i m a t e l y e v e r y 1 . 5 m u p s e c t i o n i n t h e u n w e l d e d t o p a r t i a l l y w e l d e d z o n e s . G l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e s e l e c t e d b a s e d o n d i f f e r e n c e s i n c o l o r , t e x t u r e , p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e , a n d s i z e . I n a t y p i c a l 1 0 m 2 a r e a , 2 0 t o 3 0 p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e u s u a l l y c o l l e c t e d . F i a m m e f r o m v i t r o p h y r i c z o n e s w e r e c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e b a s e t o t h e t o p o f t h e v i t r o p h y r e a n d a l o n g a h o r i z o n t a l d i s t a n c e o f 5 m t o 1 0 m . I n a l l , o v e r 1 4 0 0 p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e c o l l e c t e d f o r p o t e n t i a l a n a l y s i s . O n c e t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e r e t u r n e d t o t h e l a b o r a t o r y , f u r t h e r v i s u a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c d i s c r i m i n a t i o n a m o n g s t p u m i c e t y p e s w a s d o n e t o s e l e c t a f i n a l s u i t e o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f o r a n a l y s i s . S e l e c t i o n o f t h e f i n a l s u i t e o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w a s , a s i n t h e f i e l d , b a s e d o n c o l o r , t e x t u r e , p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e a n d s i z e . A n i n i t i a l a t t e m p t w a s m a d e t o s a m p l e s e c t i o n s f r o m ; 1 ) c a l d e r a f i l l a n d o u t f l o w f a c i e s , 2 ) s e c t i o n s r e p r e s e n t i n g p r o x i m a l t o d i s t a l o u t f l o w f a c i e s , a n d 3 ) s e c t i o n s c i r c u m s c r i b i n g t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a . T h i s p r o c e d u r e p r o v e d f u t i l e f o r s e v e r a l r e a s o n s ; f i r s t , 2 4 o u t f l o w s h e e t s o u t c r o p p i n g i n t h e s o u t h w e s t e r n t o w e s t e r n a r e a s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n c a l d e r a a r e m i l d l y t o p e r v a s i v e l y h y d r o t h e r m a l l y a l t e r e d . T h i s a l t e r a t i o n i s p a r t o f t h e B u l l f r o g H i l l s a l t e r a t i o n a n d m i n e r a l i z a t i o n e v e n t ( R a n s o m e , e t a l . , 1 9 1 0 ; C o r n w a l l a n d K l e i n h a m p l , 1 9 6 4 ) . S e c o n d , t h e c a l d e r a f i l l o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s c o m p l e t e l y b u r i e d b y t h e y o u n g e r A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a n d i s o n l y e x p o s e d i n s m a l l a m o u n t s o f d r i l l c o r e f r o m U S G S d r i l l h o l e U E 1 8 r l o c a t e d i n t h e n o r t h e r n p o r t i o n o f t h e c a l d e r a ( s e e B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 b f o r t h e d r i l l h o l e l o c a t i o n ) . T h i r d , c o m p l e t e s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n s o f A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c a l d e r a f i l l f a c i e s a r e r a r e l y p r e s e n t d u e t o s t r u c t u r a l d i s a g r e g a t i o n d u r i n g c a l d e r a r e s u r g e n c e a n d c o m p l e t e d e v i t r i f i c a t i o n o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . T h e s e t w o f a c t o r s m a d e p u m i c e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d r e m o v a l e x t r e m e l y d i f f i c u l t o n t h e r e s u r g e n t d o m e . F i n a l l y , p o o r e x p o s u r e a n d i n c o m p l e t e s e c t i o n s i n t h e e a s t - s o u t h e a s t a n d s o u t h e r n o u t f l o w r e g i o n s s u r r o u n d i n g t h e c a l d e r a d i d n o t a l l o w f o r s a t i s f a c t o r y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o l l e c t i o n . T h u s , t h e m a j o r i t y o f s a m p l e d s e c t i o n s a r e l o c a t e d t o t h e n o r t h a n d n o r t h e a s t o f t h e c a l d e r a ( F i g . 1 ) . G E O C H E M I S T R ! I n t r o d u c t i o n T h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c a n u s u a l l y b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m o n e a n o t h e r o n t h e b a s i s o f s e l e c t e d t r a c e e l e m e n t s a n d t h e p r e s e n c e o r a b s e n c e o f s p h e n e . M a j o r - e l e m e n t g e o c h e m i c a l d i s c r i m i n a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h o w e v e r i s d i f f i c u l t . T h e t w o m e m b e r s a r e g e n e r a l l y d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e o n l y o n t h e b a s i s o f C a O v s . 8 1 0 2 f o r c o m p o s i t i o n s m o r e m a f i c t h a n 7 5 w t % 5 1 0 2 ( F i g . 4 ) . T r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f o r t h e t w o m e m b e r s h o w e v e r , a r e d i s t i n c t i v e e n o u g h t h a t o n s o m e i n t e r - e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s , f o r e x a m p l e N b v s . 8 1 0 2 ( F i g . 5 a ) a n d N b v s . R b ( F i g . 5 b ) , t h e t w o u n i t s c a n b e s e p a r a t e l y i d e n t i f i e d i n m o s t i n s t a n c e s . T h e r e i s h o w e v e r , s o m e p r o b l e m w i t h d a t a o v e r l a p ( F i g s . 5 a , b ) . P r e v i o u s w o r k e r s r e l i e d p r i m a r i l y o n t h e p r e s e n c e o r a b s e n c e o f s p h e n e t o p e t r o g r a p h i c a l l y d i s c r i m i n a t e b e t w e e n t h e t w o a s h - f l o w t u f f s . T h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s d e v o i d o f s p h e n e w h i l e t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c o n t a i n s a s i g n i f i c a n t p e r c e n t a g e o f s p h e n e ( 1 0 - 2 0 g r a i n s p e r s t a n d a r d — s i z e t h i n s e c t i o n , B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ) . T h e T o t a l A l k a l i - S i l i c a ( T A S ) c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m o f L e B a s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 ) i s u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y t o c l a s s i f y t h e p u m i c e s a m p l e c o m p o s i t i o n s ( F i g . 6 ) . F r o m t h e T A S d i a g r a m i t c a n b e o b s e r v e d t h a t t h e p u m i c e 2 5 . . R R B B M M S A K S N E A M T R A E I I N N O I M A M R A ) — C 4 I s k n a T a i n o m m A d n a r e b m e M a s e M 0 3 d § \ r ' e i n \ i i l 5 a < 7 R @ e \ \ h + A 3 \ t r o p f ) u % o 1 r O m t 7 w a r G g ( a i d n o i t 2 I 5 0 5 a 1 n i 8 m I 0 5 ‘ H 5 5 ) ( i r c s i d O a C s u s r e . v r e O m i e S M . 4 e r u g i F ( 9 4 w ) O 9 3 2 6 2 7 I \ 4 0 . , , , + ( 9 R A I N I E R M E S A n a n . + 1 - A M M O N I A T A N K S H E R . G 3 A * P O U D \ + + + + + G r o u p 4 R ( m 3 0 F G r o u p 2 A + - \ + + + + E G r o u p 1 A 1 * c 1 \ + o B 2 0 ~ + + + o 0 o ‘ + o . D G r o u p \ i F l + a G P 0 a ) ( : 1 , Z + 0 + 0 0 3 ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 @ + 0 0 0 0 1 0 - 0 ’ o ‘ G r o u p E R 1 + G r o u p B R 0 I I I I 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) E 3 5 0 . . . T . o R A I N I E R M E S A I 6 8 . + ~ A H N N L A T M K S I B R . 4 0 I - + + " l - H ' + + t ; E 3 0 i ’ + F r i - ( D 0 0 8 o - Q T + O O a , + + + + o $ 9 v 1 ; 1 0 0 + o g 2 0 r T { b + 0 0 0 " + o 0 4 » + 3 9 9 0 0 Q ” 0 9 o o 1 0 - ® 0 % o n “ ’ 0 . 0 I I I L I 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 R 6 ( p p m ) F i g u r e 5 . A ) S i 0 v e r s u s N b d i s c r i m i n a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s g M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . B ) R b v e r s u s N b d i s c r i m i n a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 2 8 1 5 I I I 5 " ( A f t e r L e B a s , e t a l . . 1 9 8 6 ) - — ‘ 1 4 " P h o n o l i t e ‘ 1 _ T r a c h y t e R h y o l i t e . - A T e p h r i - : 3 1 2 " F o i d i t e p h o n o l i t e + T E . T + . 1 . I 1 0 — P h o n o - 4 ' + + — t e p h r i t e t h _ + 4 4 0 9 0 + 0 0 . _ r a c y + O 0 8 * — ¥ ~ 8 _ a n d e s i t e T r a c h y - _ T e p h r i t e B a s a I t I c G o o 0 ° C “ : 0 + _ B a s a n i t e " W ‘ Y ‘ 0 ' — D N 6 _ T r a c h y e n d e s l t e D a c i t e - 1 b a s a l t ' g _ _ A n d e s u e _ 4 ” B a s a l t B a s a l ? " + A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R ‘ . . a n d e S I t e _ P i c r o - 2 c B a s a l t o R A I N I E R M E S A M B R - P — 0 l i l l 3 5 4 O 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 5 1 0 2 ( w t x ) F i g u r e 6 . T o t a l A l k a l i - s i l i c a c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d i a g r a m f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 2 9 f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s i n e a c h m e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f r a n g e f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o r h y o l i t e . I n t h i s s t u d y , a l l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s w h i c h h a v e $ 1 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s g r e a t e r t h a n 7 4 w t % $ 1 0 2 w i l l b e c l a s s i f i e d a s h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s . S o m e a l k a l i m o b i l i z a t i o n m a y h a v e o c c u r r e d w i t h i n t h e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a s t h e t u f f s c o o l e d a f t e r e m p l a c e m e n t , a n d , f r o m s e c o n d a r y h y d r a t i o n o f t h e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f d u e t o i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h g r o u n d w a t e r ( A r a m a k i a n d L i p m a n , 1 9 6 5 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 5 ; N o b l e , 1 9 6 7 ) . T h e c h e m i c a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m s w h i c h r e l y o n t o t a l a l k a l i s v e r s u s s i l i c a s h o u l d t h u s b e u s e d w i t h s o m e c a u t i o n ( e g . L e B a s , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ; I r v i n e a n d B a r a g e r , 1 9 7 1 ) . A n a l y s e s o f t h e a l k a l i e l e m e n t s i n t h i s s t u d y h o w e v e r d o n o t i n d i c a t e s i g n i f i c a n t a l k a l i m o b i l i z a t i o n b a s e d o n l o w s c a t t e r o f t h e d a t a i n t h e g e o c h e m i c a l v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s . A n a l y t i c a l t e c h n i q u e s u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a n d p h e n o c r y s t s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n A p p e n d i x 3 . U S G S , C a n a d i a n a n d J a p a n e s e w h o l e - r o c k s t a n d a r d s u s e d t o c a l i b r a t e t h e a n a l y s e s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e s A 3 a , A 3 b a n d A 3 c . M i n e r a l s t a n d a r d a n a l y s e s a n d m i c r o p r o b e b e a m p a r a m e t e r s u s e d f o r c a l i b r a t i o n o f p h e n o c r y s t a n a l y s e s o n t h e e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e s A 3 d a n d A 3 e r e s p e c t i v e l y . 3 0 M a j o r E l e m e n t O x i d e s R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r M a j o r e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s w e r e p e r f o r m e d o n 1 0 4 p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s c o l l e c t e d f r o m s e v e n s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( s e c t i o n s 8 , 1 1 , 1 8 , 2 1 , 2 3 , 2 5 a n d 2 6 ; A p p e n d i x 1 ) ( F i g . 1 ) . R a w m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s p r e s e n t e d i n A p p e n d i x 2 . H a r k e r v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a r e p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e 7 . 5 1 0 2 w a s c h o s e n a s t h e a b s c i s s a f o r t h e s e p l o t s a s i t h a s t h e l a r g e s t d e g r e e o f v a r i a t i o n o f t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t o x i d e s . M g O w a s n o t u s e d b e c a u s e i t c o m m o n l y f a l l s b e l o w X R F d e t e c t i o n l i m i t s f o r t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a m p l e s . A l l m a j o r e l e m e n t s , e x c e p t A 1 2 0 3 , N a Z O a n d K 2 0 , c o n s i s t e n t l y d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n c r e a s i n g 8 1 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T r e n d s o f A 1 2 0 3 , N a Z O a n d K 2 0 e x h i b i t s h a r p i n f l e c t i o n s a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 5 w t % 8 1 0 2 ; t h i s m a y r e f l e c t t h e r e m o v a l o f v a r i o u s p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s . S i l i c a c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t e n d t o c l u s t e r i n t o g r o u p s . T h e c l u s t e r i n g o f d a t a c a n b e o b s e r v e d o n m a j o r e l e m e n t p l o t s , b u t i s m o r e p r o n o u n c e d o n t r a c e e l e m e n t v e r s u s s i l i c a p l o t s ( F i g . 8 ) . T h r e e g r o u p s c a n b e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n ) 4 1 1 5 9 ( 3 1 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R 2 0 . I 2 . 0 m y 0 o 0 A 1 2 0 3 ‘ o T l O 2 . . 0 9 w 9 % q 3 1 . 5 1 5 - - 0 ° - & o — I I - o ‘ 1 1 . 0 I l r ( D 4 o L - 1 0 0 1 2 1 - . 3 , b . H m 0 0 . 5 ~ 1 a _ F e O J _ M n O . M ) - 0 . d B , . % d L " 0 . 3 — o u - I 4 I . 0 % . 1 - " 0 . 2 . o . 1 o . % o 2 - . ' l e . r , 4 ° ° I m , w fl l h , ‘ fi fi i ' d t r s , 1 3 ~ g o a s 9 6 ‘ 0 1 ‘ A J 2 . ° « 3 £ 5 . ° ¢ p - 9 c » ‘ 2 I O . . I n a ! . . 1 5 b " D 4 * ‘ I - " 8 3 — < - v - I : ‘ 2 . . . . 1 7 - " . b H 1 2 r r r j s o s o a s 7 0 7 3 s o . P 2 0 5 J 3 1 0 . t a u ) 0 . . 0 I - . I i D o d 0 0 0 . 5 - _ . 0 . - o - 0 1 ! . " ‘ M . 0 , 0 ‘ h — 5 5 D O 8 5 7 0 7 5 . 0 a n » « a n F i g u r e 7 . M a j o r e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 6 G L r l l l l l l l l l L l l l l l l l l L ) d d m ( 3 2 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R 2 0 0 , , 3 5 0 I I I T N 3 R D 1 5 0 _ 2 5 0 1 0 0 9 9 8 e - 1 5 0 5 0 g i 9 * 9 , 3 ? q - l 2 0 0 - ' 9 1 0 . 0 9 , ' . i 1 0 0 0 . — o n 0 S r ‘ : L Y o q 4 0 5 0 0 - ° ° 4 _ s s o 3 0 0 L 0 8 : 0 0 0 % 0 0 0 0 E - - - 2 o ‘ ° ° : fi g , : o 5 ? . i fi a h fi l l - — . o 6 ’ 0 2 1 ‘ N D I e e I I h 4 0 0 7 ' o o 0 0 w . . ) - 0 o 0 I 1 2 0 o 2 0 0 - ( 8 % . _ 0 0 m ° ° 9 0 3 % 9 . 8 8 ~ 1 0 - * ° u e ~ ~ 1 ~ 6 ! l C o I r - “ 2 5 0 0 0 B a : 0 S C : 1 2 2 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 ° 8 , : - o o e ' j 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 % 8 0 : 0 l a 0 , . 0 0 . , a 1 0 0 0 b q , . . . o o . 1 m L r l - c O “ P d ‘ 5 0 0 g o , . g , 1 a o ‘ ‘ 4 h ‘ ‘ o a s s o a s 7 0 7 5 s o a s s o a s 7 0 7 5 s o 5 1 0 . ( I t ! ) 3 1 0 , t u t ! ) F i g u r e 8 . T r a c e e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . ) d o m ( 3 3 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R I s . J . 0 4 0 , 2 : ‘ 9 9 H f : _ T h ‘ 3 9 0 % . ” 9 : ' 0 ° 0 ’ 9 " ' o 0 8 0 o I : 0 0 o ‘ 1 ! ) : 1 ' - 0 ° 0 o . 1 2 ° ° 1 ° 8 - ‘ 0 8 ‘ ” L o q 1 . o d ‘ 0 3 ’ . p 1 t i l 2 t 0 0 r I r : 2 0 - 9 . 0 L a - C 9 g « 2 0 0 L 0 0 Q ) o o T 0 0 o 6 , 0 0 0 0 0 9 ° Z o o m 0 0 % : 0 0 ° 0 0 % 1 5 ° : - 0 . . 0 s o ~ 0 o - 1 1 0 0 r o ' 1 w e “ s o : a . 3 : a . ‘ s o L I I t ‘ ‘ 2 ; S m j E 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 : . y o 3 T 1 ) 1 . 3 . O o 0 . 5 + 0 0 ” ” a ? _ I J a s s o a s 7 0 v s n o o . e - L U . n o . l a w 0 . 5 - . f o r o o d 0 . 4 d o . A 8 9 ° 0 % ” ? g 1 0 . 2 - 7 - & 0 d 0 . 0 5 5 s o a s 7 0 7 5 s o 8 1 0 . M l ) F i g u r e 8 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 4 d i a g r a m s b a s e d o n s i l i c a g a p s o r z o n e s o f l o w d a t a f r e q u e n c y ; 1 ) t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e ( g r o u p 1 R ) ( 5 7 w t % t o 6 1 w t % 8 1 0 2 ) , 2 ) t r a c h y d a c i t e t o r h y o l i t e ( g r o u p 2 R ) ( 6 3 w t % t o 7 0 w t % 8 1 0 2 ) a n d 3 ) r h y o l i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( g r o u p 3 R , 4 R ) ( 7 4 w t % t o 7 8 w t % S i O Z ) ( F i g s . 4 a n d 5 a ) . T h e s i l i c a g a p w i t h i n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e i s n o t a t r u e g a p b u t a r e g i o n o f l o w d a t a f r e q u e n c y . T h e s i l i c a g a p w i t h i n t h e r h y o l i t e h o w e v e r i s m o r e p r o n o u n c e d a n d s p a n s a r a n g e o f 4 w t % 8 1 0 2 . S y n t h e s i s o f w h o l e - r o c k t u f f c h e m i s t r y a n d p e t r o g r a p h i c a n a l y s e s o n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r b y B y e r s , e t a l . ( 1 9 7 6 a ) d o c u m e n t e d t h e n o r m a l z o n a t i o n o f w h o l e - r o c k s i l i c a c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f r o m 7 8 w t % $ 1 0 2 a t t h e b a s e t o 6 9 w t % 8 1 0 2 a t t h e t o p . C o r r e s p o n d i n g c h a n g e s i n t h e m o d e s o f q u a r t z , f e l d s p a r , b i o t i t e , p y r o x e n e , a n d a m p h i b o l e l e d B y e r s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 6 a ) t o p r o p o s e t h a t t h e p r e - e r u p t i v e m a g m a b o d y w a s z o n e d f r o m q u a r t z l a t i t e i n t h e l o w e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e c h a m b e r t o h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a t t h e c u p o l a . T h i s h y p o t h e s i s i s s u p p o r t e d b y m o r e r e c e n t w o r k o n b o t h t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f b y B r o x t o n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 5 , 1 9 8 9 ) a n d W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) . A s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s d o c u m e n t e d f r o m a n a l y s e s o f t h e g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . T h i s r a n g e i n $ 1 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( 5 7 - 7 8 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s t h e 3 5 l a r g e s t t h u s f a r d o c u m e n t e d f o r a n a s h - f l o w t u f f ( M i l l s a n d R o s e , 1 9 8 6 ; M i l l s , e t a l . , 1 9 8 7 ) . P u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s d o n o t c h a n g e s y s t e m a t i c a l l y f r o m h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t r a c h y a n d e s i t e w i t h i n c r e a s i n g s t r a t i g r a p h i c h e i g h t . T h e u n w e l d e d t o p a r t i a l l y w e l d e d b a s e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a T u f f i s c o m p o s e d o f a g e o c h e m i c a l l y b i m o d a l p o p u l a t i o n ( b a s e d o n R b a n d N b c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ) o f q u a r t z , f e l d s p a r a n d b i o t i t e b e a r i n g h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . T h e r a n g e o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s b e c o m e s l a r g e r w i t h i n c r e a s i n g s t r a t i g r a p h i c h e i g h t . H o r n b l e n d e , p y r o x e n e , a n d f e l d s p a r - r i c h m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s b e c o m e v o l u m e t r i c a l l y m o r e s i g n i f i c a n t u p s e c t i o n ( F i g . 2 ) . A l l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s f o u n d w i t h i n t h e s h e e t a r e r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h i n t h e u p p e r f e w m e t e r s o f t h e t o p R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h i s f e a t u r e h a s b e e n n o t e d i n s e v e r a l o t h e r a s h - f l o w d e p o s i t s ; t h e M o u n t M a z a m a p y r o c l a s t i c f l o w s ( M c B i r n e y , 1 9 6 8 ; N o b l e , e t a l . , 1 9 6 9 ; D r u i t t a n d B a c o n , 1 9 8 6 ) , a s h - f l o w s h e e t s f r o m t h e A 5 0 c a l d e r a , J a p a n ( L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ) , t h e T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f , N e v a d a ( L i p m a n e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 ; S c h u r a y t z e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ) , t h e T i v a C a n y o n M e m b e r o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f ( F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a , 1 9 8 9 b ) , p y r o c l a s t i c d e p o s i t s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e L a s C a n a d a s c a l d e r a o n T e n e r i f e I s l a n d ( C a n a r y I s l a n d s ) ( W o l f f a n d S t o r e y , 1 9 8 4 ) a n d i n t h e 1 9 1 2 a s h - f l o w o f t h e V a l l e y o f T e n T h o u s a n d S m o k e s , A l a s k a 3 6 ( H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 3 ) . T h e o r i g i n o f t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s p u m i c e - f r a g m e n t p o p u l a t i o n i s m o s t l i k e l y a r e s u l t o f e r u p t i o n d y n a m i c s a n d w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d i n m o r e d e t a i l i n a l a t e r s e c t i o n . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r M a j o r e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s w e r e d o n e o n 3 5 p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t w o s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ( s e c t i o n s 4 a n d 5 ; A p p e n d i x 1 ) ( F i g . 1 ) . R a w m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s p r e s e n t e d i n A p p e n d i x 2 . G e o c h e m i c a l v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e s 9 a n d 1 0 . A l l m a j o r e l e m e n t s w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f A 1 2 0 3 a n d K 2 0 , c o n s i s t e n t l y d e c r e a s e i n a b u n d a n c e w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n c r e a s i n g s i l i c a f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . T r e n d s o f t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t s , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f T 1 0 2 , N a Z O a n d M n O , a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y i n f l e c t i o n s a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 5 - 6 8 w t % S i O 2 w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n c r e a s i n g s i l i c a t h a t m a y r e f l e c t t h e r e m o v a l o f v a r i o u s p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s ( F i g . 9 ) . T h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h a s a l m o s t a s l a r g e a r a n g e i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t m a j o r e l e m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n ( 5 9 - 7 8 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) a s d o e s t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t o x i d e d a t a e x h i b i t l i t t l e s c a t t e r w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e N a Z O a n d K 2 0 w h i c h i s 1 M 1 % ( 2 0 I T t o - + ” I n . A 1 2 0 3 . . + . 1 1 8 L * 1 : j 4 . 1 ‘ ' + + I I 1 2 ' I - I u ‘ a n 5 F + F e O - 4 . ‘ D + + d 3 1 * + . . 4 . 2 " + a n 1 - a . * 1 + + * . . M 9 0 A 4 ' D e 2 1 - a 4 4 + + 3 ’ + + + 1 ) - 4 . . . + . - I I I 4 . + + # + 4 - 0 : + 4 — N 3 2 0 5 " ' + - ' 4 ' + + + + + o + g , 4 1 - + . 1 + + + + a . . g l _ + P 2 0 5 - 0 . 4 b + - ‘ + + + ) - _ 2 + 0 . + 4 . . ' 3 ' + t . I ! “ 4 ‘ , d o ‘ ‘ + ‘ 4 I h — 5 5 6 0 8 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 a m . I n ! ) F i g u r e 9 . 3 7 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R . 1 . 5 I T 1 0 « I + 2 2 I + ‘ . i n . i D J — T - I L 5 : - + - I : . . ” 1 ‘ * 2 . M n O . 0 4 - d 0 . 3 - - l 0 . 2 4 . 4 » 4 4 4 - 1 . . . . . . H ' 4 ' “ + 4 4 . 4 * J 0 . 1 _ + C 8 0 . ‘ + _ + 4 . " 3 + + h + + I a + . a n t . . . + 1 ” . . 1 g . . “ F . K 2 0 + ‘ 7 ‘ 4 - L + “ * 4 - . . 5 + + + H + + + 5 5 0 0 B S 7 0 7 5 0 0 3 : 0 . ( a t ! ) M a j o r e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 3 8 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 2 m : _ ; : Z r } : 2 + : r + 3 i + 3 * ‘ f . 5 ° T " ' + + ' 1 + E + 4 1 - S r ' 9 0 0 A + - l - + a 8 0 0 » + + . _ ¢ _ ‘ 0 0 - + q h + 1 2 m : - E L a + 3 3 " : + 4 4 1 o . L — W - I ; : 4 . . . 8 " + + Z " o o o — + I " - . + + . o w ) » - 4 0 0 L 1 . . . - 1 - + + - q . 2 m > - + 4 . 1 b 1 + F r 4 0 0 0 - + + 4 , B a . 1 + + s o o o . . + 2 0 0 0 - " ' « I o o o » ‘ 1 ' * . i a . o l j a s s o a s 7 0 7 5 e m . M i ) F i g u r e 1 0 . V : R b £ 1 ) - I I - - : 2 0 0 I " ' . . I + I [ - + $ + + 1 1 5 0 Z + + i : — + _ g o o - + . : - + - 4 0 + $ * 1 4 . 7 + T " + . , + + T + ‘ H ' é . s o - - 2 0 I - a T ‘ 0 A U I # ~ 1 3 - N b . p - . 4 0 E . I - g " 3 0 + 1 “ - ‘ T + ) - + + + I i + + + + + b + E . I I t o I - + S C i s F + + + + i ) - + + + + A l l . 1 - & 0 d . . f r . 4 7 ' + + ‘ . . + c l 2 . + Q l 1 5 5 8 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 0 0 8 1 0 . ( i t ! ) T r a c e e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 3 9 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 2 5 r ‘ ‘ 0 2 , , _ H f . T h & 4 . + 4 4 2 : - + ' 3 ° 1 5 T ‘ - 1 - + + W 4 . + 4 . i ' 2 0 1 0 n * 4 . d ' fl ' + + + 4 . + + * ’ * * + - 1 0 5 " ‘ fi - 0 I + + I l + f I 2 0 0 r 4 ' L a " C B - 3 0 0 + I . 1 5 0 A # 4 . + + + + + 1 + 1 + + . 2 0 0 1 0 0 ~ + + . . 4 + 4 . 5 0 fl . . . 4 ’ + i - I : 0 0 i . + U A ( I D I : I i 5 I U r - . a . + - + + s — r 1 2 _ + S i l l : E L i + 1 . . . + ‘ 3 A ' - + + + I E g I : + + T . + 1 + D . . + + " ' + . . . 2 c 1 . 1 . T ' 7 ‘ 4 i “ t . ) - d + a ‘ 3 : S I ‘ B H - ! , 2 ; 1 T D . Y b + . . . . + 4 4 + 4 . 4 + + ' 1 ' . . 0 . 9 L 4 . i . 1 " + + j + $ 5 . 3 0 B : + F . + 4 . ' _ _ 1 4 ' “ T I T - ‘ 4 ' “ I " . 1 . + . a 0 . 3 - ‘ 1 ' : I I I ' ' s o s o 7 0 7 5 s o o . s - L U . 3 1 0 , M t ) I - + ' 1 d o - i i - i + . . o 4 . + + " 4 - ' 5 ' N + - I . + « I I 0 . 2 - ' 4 M . o ‘ o s s s o s s 7 0 7 5 s o o u t « a n F i g u r e 1 0 . C o n t i n u e d . 4 0 m o s t l i k e l y d u e t o m i n o r s e c o n d a r y h y d r a t i o n o f t h e g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . E a r l y s t u d i e s b a s e d o n w h o l e - r o c k t u f f g e o c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s l e d B y e r s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 8 , 1 9 7 6 a ) t o i n f e r t h a t t h e l o w e r u n i t o f A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w a s r e v e r s e l y z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o s i l i c a c o n c e n t r a t i o n . W h o l e — r o c k t u f f s i l i c a c o n c e n t r a t i o n s r a n g e f r o m 6 8 w t % S i 0 2 a t t h e b a s e t o 7 8 w t % S i 0 2 a t t h e t o p . W h o l e - r o c k a n a l y s e s o f t u f f s f r o m t h e u p p e r p o r t i o n o f t h e u p p e r c o o l i n g u n i t w e r e n o t r e p o r t e d , b u t t h i s u n i t w a s a l s o i n f e r r e d t o b e r e v e r s e l y z o n e d b a s e d o n t h e p r e s e n c e o f a q u a r t z l a t i t i c b a s e ( 6 6 w t % S i 0 2 ) ( B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ) . R e c e n t w o r k u s i n g g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s o n t h e c o m p o u n d c o o l i n g u n i t o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r b y M i l l s a n d R o s e ( 1 9 8 6 ) a n d R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) h a s s h o w n t h a t h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f o r m t h e b u l k o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t p o p u l a t i o n a t t h e b a s e o f t h e l o w e r u n i t a n d d e c r e a s e r a p i d l y ( u s u a l l y w i t h i n o n e m e t e r o f t h e b a s e ) i n a b u n d a n c e t o w a r d s t h e t o p o f t h e u p p e r u n i t . T h e b a s e o f t h e u p p e r u n i t d o e s n o t h a v e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e p u m i c e - r i c h z o n e . A l l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s f o u n d i n t h e l o w e r p o r t i o n o f t h e s h e e t c a n b e f o u n d a t t h e v e r y t o p o f t h e c o m p o u n d c o o l i n g u n i t ( F i g s . 2 a n d 3 ) . I t i s q u e s t i o n a b l e w h e t h e r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c a n b e l a b e l e d a s e i t h e r a n o r m a l o r r e v e r s e l y z o n e d t u f f f o r t w o r e a s o n s ; 1 ) t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e p u m i c e - r i c h z o n e a t 4 1 t h e b a s e i s n o t a l w a y s p r e s e n t a n d 2 ) d e p e n d i n g o n t h e t y p e a n d n u m b e r o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s p r e s e n t w i t h i n t h e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f a t a n y g i v e n l o c a t i o n , t h e o v e r a l l c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e w i l l b e h i g h l y v a r i a b l e . T w o o f t h e t h r e e s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n s c h o s e n f o r s a m p l i n g c o n t a i n e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s p u m i c e f r a g m e n t p o p u l a t i o n s f r o m t h e b a s e t o t h e t o p o f t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t ( M i l l s a n d R o s e , 1 9 8 6 ; M i l l s , e t a l . , 1 9 8 7 ; R o s e , 1 9 8 8 ) . T h e s i l i c a c o n t e n t o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s i n t h e b a s a l p o r t i o n s o f t h e s e c t i o n s l o c a t e d a l o n g t h e s o u t h e r n m a r g i n o f P a h u t e M e s a r a n g e f r o m 6 9 . 6 w t % t o 7 8 w t % S i 0 2 w h e r e a s a t t h e t o p o f t h e s e c t i o n s , t h e r a n g e i n c r e a s e s f r o m 5 9 . 4 w t % t o 7 7 . 7 w t % S i O Z ( s a m p l e s f r o m t h e a n a l y t i c a l g r o u p s A 4 - X X a n d A S - X X ) . A t h i r d s e c t i o n a l o n g t h e n o r t h e r n c a u l d r o n m a r g i n a f e w k i l o m e t e r s t o t h e s o u t h w e s t o f t h e o t h e r t w o s e c t i o n s , h a s a d i s t i n c t 1 . 5 m e t e r t h i c k b a s e c o n s i s t i n g e n t i r e l y o f q u a r t z , f e l d s p a r , a n d b i o t i t e - b e a r i n g r h y o l i t i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . P r e l i m i n a r y c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s o n t h e s e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e y a r e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( M i l l s , u n p u b . d a t a ) . A b o v e t h i s r h y o l i t i c b a s e , t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s r a p i d l y b e c o m e h e t e r o g e n e o u s i n c o m p o s i t i o n o v e r a 5 c m t o 1 0 c m i n t e r v a l i n a f a s h i o n s i m i l a r t o t h e t w o s e c t i o n s t o t h e n o r t h e a s t . 4 2 C o m p o s i t i o n a l l y b a n d e d p u m i c e a r e c o m m o n i n a l l o b s e r v e d s e c t i o n s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . C o m m i n g l i n g o f r h y o l i t i c a n d t r a c h y d a c i t i c t o t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c m a g m a s a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n c o m m o n t h r o u g h o u t t h e e r u p t i o n o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s a s h - f l o w t u f f . T r a c e E l e m e n t s C o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f C r , N i , C u , Z n , R b , S r , Y , Z r , N b , B a , S c , H f , T h , a n d t h e r a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t s L a , C e , S m , E u , T b , Y b a n d L u w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f o r t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . T h e s e d a t a a r e l i s t e d i n A p p e n d i x 2 . F o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , t h e t r a n s i t i o n a l m e t a l s C r , N i a n d C u w e r e c o n s i s t e n t l y b e l o w d e t e c t i o n l i m i t s e x c e p t i n a f e w o f t h e m o r e m a f i c p u m i c e s a m p l e s . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r F o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t s a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y l a r g e r a n g e s i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( F i g . 8 ) . S c a t t e r i n t h e d a t a i s g e n e r a l l y l o w w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f Z n a n d Y . I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , o n l y R b h a s a c o n s i s t e n t i n c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h i n c r e a s i n g $ 1 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n . A l l o t h e r e l e m e n t s e i t h e r d e c r e a s e 1 l l l l i I l I s O O u u u u u e t l r d n o h C / k c o H I O b - I - l 7 \ 0 I I l l l L l 1 l F i g u r e 1 1 a . M e m b e r . R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a A 1 1 m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . L a C e S m E u T b Y b L u 1 0 0 0 l l I [ W i l l ] I I l [ I I I I I ] 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ’ l I I 1 1 1 1 1 2 : H R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R 4 3 4 4 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R 1 0 0 0 E I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I : : I — c u t : H i g h N b . H i g h 8 1 0 ' R h y o l i t e Z I . - I I I . - 1 0 0 : 3 — 1 I : 2 u l — - 1 u . - q # 4 L _ - ‘ c ’ o 1 0 : - “ : 1 c : : U h - . 4 \ * - . 4 x b - u L — _ O C : h - — 4 : I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ? 5 L o w N b . m a n - s a c , R h y o l i t e _ i — — 1 F - - — 1 1 0 0 E - ' 5 Z I o : - t : ' i L ' - . 4 U C o 1 0 L _ — ' — _ 1 I : : a U . — \ » - - ‘ ’ 6 . ~ ~ 0 _ fi m I — . 1 _ I I I I I I 1 I I I I I f I I E E T r a c h y d a c i t o t o R h y o l i t e E r — — 4 F - - 1 1 0 0 : 7 - - — . _ 1 _ E : - - < : 3 - i " . 4 ‘ - h E o 1 0 = - T : C : - 1 U - d \ ' - " ‘ x b - U 1 — a n O ( I h . 1 r I I I I fi I I I I f I I I r E T r a c h y a n d e s i t e : a n d 1 0 0 1 3 I . 0 L ' i E o t o - = . 1 : : U a n \ d f , 7 + g u 1 E — ( a n d 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L a C . 5 : E u T b Y b L u F i g u r e 1 1 b . R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t s f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 4 5 c o n s i s t e n t l y i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o r h a v e i n f l e c t i o n s i n t h e i r t r e n d s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g $ 1 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( F i g . 8 ) . O n s e v e r a l t r a c e e l e m e n t p l o t s ( R b , S c , Y , N b , T h a n d L a ) , t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e d a t a c a n d i v i d e d i n t o t w o s e p a r a t e c o m p o n e n t s ( g r o u p 3 R , 4 R ; F i g . 5 a ) . F o r t h i s s t u d y , t h e d e s i g n a t i o n l o w - N b , h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a n d h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e w i l l b e u s e d t o i d e n t i f y t h e r e s p e c t i v e r h y o l i t i c c o m p o n e n t s . N b w a s c h o s e n b e c a u s e o f t h e l o w s c a t t e r i n t h e d a t a a n d t h e g o o d s e p a r a t i o n o f t h e t w o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e c o m p o n e n t s . R b m a y a l s o b e u s e d t o d i s c r i m i n a t e t h e t w o r h y o l i t i c c o m p o n e n t s . T h u s , t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c o n t a i n s a t o t a l o f f o u r m a g m a t i c g r o u p s b a s e d u p o n m a j o r - e l e m e n t a n d t r a c e — e l e m e n t c h e m i s t r y ; t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e ( g r o u p 1 R ) , t r a c h y d a c i t e t o r h y o l i t e ( g r o u p 2 R ) , l o w - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( g r o u p 3 R ) a n d h i g h - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( g r o u p 4 R ) ( F i g s . 4 a n d 5 a ) . C h o n d r i t e n o r m a l i z e d r a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a r e s h o w n i n F i g u r e s 1 1 a a n d 1 1 b . C h o n d r i t e n o r m a l i z a t i o n f a c t o r s a r e f r o m H a s k i n s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 8 ) . R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c a n b e s e p a r a t e d i n t o d i s t i n c t c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r o u p s , w i t h i n w h i c h , s a m p l e s e x h i b i t s i m i l a r t r e n d s o n t h e C h o n d r i t e n o r m a l i z e d R E E p l o t s . T h e s e g r o u p s a r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m o n e a n o t h e r b y s i g n i f i c a n t c h a n g e s i n 4 6 c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e R E E ' s a s m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n i n c r e a s e s ( i n c r e a s i n g S i 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n ) . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r o u p s a r e c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r o u p s d e f i n e d b y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t S i 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n , a s s h o u l d b e e x p e c t e d . R E E c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r o u p b o u n d a r i e s t y p i c a l l y o c c u r w h e r e s i g n i f i c a n t g a p s o f u p t o 4 w t % S i o z o c c u r , o r , w h e r e a p p a r e n t g a p s o c c u r d u e t o l o w d a t a p o i n t f r e q u e n c y . F i g u r e 1 1 b s h o w s t h e a p p a r e n t s y s t e m a t i c c h a n g e f r o m t h e l i g h t r a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t ( L R E E ) e n r i c h e d t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s a m p l e s t o t h e l e s s L R E E e n r i c h e d r h y o l i t i c s a m p l e s . A s m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n i n c r e a s e s , t h e L R E E ' s a r e d e p l e t e d a n d t h e n e g a t i v e E u a n o m a l y b e c o m e s m o r e p r o m i n e n t . T h e H R E E ' s r e m a i n r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e l o w - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . C o m p a r i s o n o f t h e h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s h o w e v e r , r e v e a l s t h e d e p l e t i o n i n L R E E c o n c e n t r a t i o n , t h e d e e p e r n e g a t i v e E u a n o m a l y , a n d t h e e n r i c h e d H R E E c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e h i g h - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e l o w — N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . T r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s n o r m a l i z e d t o c h o n d r i t i c m e t e o r i t e a b u n d a n c e s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a r e p r e s e n t e d a s S p i d e r g r a m s i n F i g u r e s 1 2 a a n d 1 2 b ( a f t e r T h o m p s o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 4 ) . T h e e l e m e n t s R b , T h , K a n d N b b e h a v e i n c o m p a t i b l y b y i n c r e a s i n g i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n w h i l e t h e r e s t o f t h e e l e m e n t s b e h a v e c o m p a t i b l y a n d e i t h e r d e c r e a s e i n / / / ' i . e Z \ I I a I ( i ' A ’ / l b / § K 3 § ' 3 h ' i ~ . ’ r f ' W / é , & ! fl ‘ g ’ \ § é ” / § \ é \ / / ” x N ~ * § f 1 . s e t i r E i d n o h C / k c o R ; 4 / 5 g : : \ : ‘ . ; , . ’ t ~ r . _ _ Y F i g u r e 1 2 a . c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . S p i d e r g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A l l m a g m a t i c L a C a S r P S e r ' H f T i n Y ' a a n b ' r h K N b \ ~ \ , { \ 1 \ ; ~ ' \ 3 1 & \ . . ' , l . , . I ' 7 6 b » 4 7 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R 1 0 0 ° I I I I I I fi I I I I I I I I I I _ 1 I B 1 T R 1 ' I 1 K I 1 I M 1 1 L 1 I S 1 I ‘ I C 1 1 P 1 S 1 Z I 1 P H 1 f 1 i T 1 1 n Y Y b 4 8 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R « \ H i g h N b . H i g h 5 1 0 , R h y o n t a 1 0 0 I ! : 1 1 0 I . ‘ O C O I : 2 x 1 U 0 a : E 1 0 0 / L I . U , _ g . _ - ‘ \ s 5 \ 3 . V D p k g ‘ 0 \ ‘ z I — I ‘ ? . \ \ s s : / 1 % 1 ' l l l l l l I l I l l l - \ \ T r a c h y d a c l t e t o m y o u t e d \ \ - \ _ 1 0 0 ’ \ 1 : 8 ‘ / ‘ \ = E x / \ ~ C \ ’ ‘ l ‘ . - ‘ 5 / / " ~ “ ‘ . \ - 2 ‘ ° 4 \ 3 e ' U 0 I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I E t r a c h y a n d e s i t e Z 1 0 0 E - a 3 F 1 2 h . 2 o 1 0 £ 2 0 \ 8 U 0 I : F i g u r e 1 2 b . S p i d e r g r a m s f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 4 9 c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n , o r , m a i n t a i n a c o n s t a n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( F i g . 1 2 b ) . T h e s e e n r i c h m e n t s o r d e p l e t i o n s i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a r e a l s o s h o w n o n t r a c e - e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m s a n d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e s 1 3 a a n d 1 3 b . T h i s t y p e o f d i a g r a m , i n i t i a l l y u s e d b y H i l d r e t h ( 1 9 8 1 ) t o l o o k a t t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e B i s h o p T u f f , i s u s e d t o s h o w w h e t h e r a p a r t i c u l a r e l e m e n t i s e n r i c h e d o r d e p l e t e d t o w a r d s t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r r o o f . C a l c u l a t i o n o f t r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t o r d e p l e t i o n f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r w a s d e t e r m i n e d b y u s i n g t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e m o s t m a f i c a n d m o s t f e l s i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a m p l e s . T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e m o s t f e l s i c s a m p l e ( l o w - N b h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a m p l e R 1 8 - 1 8 , 7 7 . 9 6 w t % S i 0 2 , o r , h i g h - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a m p l e R 8 - 7 7 8 . 0 5 w t % S i O Z ) w a s d i v i d e d b y t h a t o f t h e m o s t m a f i c s a m p l e ( t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s a m p l e R 2 1 - 1 3 , 5 6 . 8 0 w t % S i 0 2 ) ( F i g s . 1 3 a , b ) . F o r b o t h e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m s , R b , T h , K a n d N b a r e m o d e r a t e l y t o s i g n i f i c a n t l y e n r i c h e d i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s ( f o r b o t h t h e h i g h - N b a n d l o w - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s ) , a l l o t h e r e l e m e n t s a r e d e p l e t e d ( F i g s . 1 3 a , b ) . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r I n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , R b , N b , T h , Y b a n d L u i n c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d Z n , S r , Z r , B a , S c , H f , L a a n d E u c o n s i s t e n t l y d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h 3 1 - 1 2 9 / 8 1 - B I R e l p m a S 5 0 R M L o w - N b R h y / R M T r a c h y a n d . 1 0 , , I I I I I I I I I I I I r I I I L L l l l L l L l l l l L l l l l l l I B a R b T h K N b L a C B S I ‘ P S I Z P H f T i n Y Y b 0 . 0 0 1 F i g u r e 1 3 a . T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m c o m p a r i n g t h e l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 5 1 R M H i g h - N b R h y / R M T r a c h y a n d . 1 0 : I I I I I I I r I I — I I I I I I E m i Q - I I a . 3 c u : m d \ 1 I \ J I G 3 : ' ' 5 0 5 E E m ’ I H a D . E : — ' 3 I D - I m : 0 . 0 0 1 I I I I I I J I A I I I I I I I B a R b T h K N b L a C e S I ‘ P S I I Z l ‘ I - I I T I T D Y Y I ) F i g u r e 1 3 b . T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m c o m p a r i n g t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 5 2 i n c r e a s i n g S i 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( F i g . 1 0 ) . Y , C e , S m a n d T b h o w e v e r , e x h i b i t i n f l e c t i o n s i n t h e d a t a t r e n d s . C h o n d r i t e n o r m a l i z e d r a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a r e s h o w n i n F i g u r e s 1 4 a a n d 1 4 b . R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r e v e a l t h e s y s t e m a t i c c h a n g e o f R E E c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e L R E E e n r i c h e d t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e l e s s L R E E e n r i c h e d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( F i g . 1 4 b ) . A s m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n i n c r e a s e s ( i n c r e a s i n g S i 0 2 c o n t e n t ) , t h e E u a n o m a l y d e e p e n s w h i c h m o s t l i k e l y r e f l e c t s t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f p l a g i o c l a s e ( c f . C o x , e t a l . , 1 9 7 9 ) . T h e H R E E c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r e m a i n s r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t w i t h m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n . T r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s n o r m a l i z e d t o c h o n d r i t i c m e t e o r i t e a b u n d a n c e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a r e p r e s e n t e d a s S p i d e r g r a m s ( a f t e r T h o m p s o n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 4 ) i n F i g u r e 1 5 a a n d 1 5 b . T h e e l e m e n t s R b , T h a n d N b b e h a v e i n c o m p a t i b l y b y i n c r e a s i n g i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n w h i l e t h e r e s t o f t h e e l e m e n t s b e h a v e c o m p a t i b l y a n d e i t h e r d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i t h i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n , o r , m a i n t a i n a c o n s t a n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( F i g . 1 5 b ) . T h e s e e n r i c h m e n t s o r d e p l e t i o n s i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a r e a l s o s h o w n o n t r a c e - e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m s a n d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e 1 6 . T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e m o s t f e l s i c s a m p l e ( h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a m p l e A 5 - 3 , 7 7 . 9 6 w t % S i O Z ) w a s ” I I I I I s I e t i r I I I I I d I ! “ I I I I I n o h C / k c o R I I I l l l l I l l I L F i g u r e 1 4 a . 5 3 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 1 0 0 0 I 1 0 0 1 0 I I I I T I I I I L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l l l l l l l L a C e S m E u T b Y b L u R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . A l l m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . I I M A I O M I N I h R I y o A I l i t T I e A t N o I K I H S i M I g h - 8 E 1 I M E B I 0 . R h R I y I I i t e o l l 1 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I l I r T a c 1 I h 1 I a 1 I t o c l y d 1 I l I t o R h l I y 1 I i 1 I t e o l - - ‘ - . 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I l I I I l F 1 I l I T r 1 I a c h 1 I y a n I I d 1 I i e s - . — - _ : : L b E _ - P E . > > . _ E 3 Z " ' - - ' : E - ; I " - ' — — - _ - : : . r ’ . l E “ ’ 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 u m 1 0 1 1 0 0 * 0 1 " L u d 2 £ u \ x I U O 0 : ‘ . B 0 E \ I o U O C u X I 0 ‘ - u O N a 2 g \ x C ‘ L : " E ' ' - ‘ . - - - - h E 3 ' - r E E I — ' . ' 1 1 . : — - é _ _ - E _ _ . . _ a : r d 5 ; - g . - ( J = _ _ _ c . u E . — I - I - — " ‘ I e t 0 — I E Z d ' 1 . . ‘ . _ 0 E 2 u - . — - 1 . 4 . - _ - E . 4 1 I : 1 1 I L I I C 1 1 1 1 I S l u E l I b T 1 l 1 1 1 b Y L u 5 4 F i g u r e 1 4 b . R a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t p l o t f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 5 5 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 1 0 0 0 r I j 1 0 0 I n I 3 i f « a 1 0 Z " U C O ‘ C Q X o 1 O I : _ I I I I I I 1 , 1 1 1 1 l 1 I I I 1 I I 1 B a R b T h K N b L a C a S r P S e r H f T 1 T b Y Y b F i g u r e 1 5 a . S p i d e r g r a m f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . A l l c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d . ‘ B a R ] b T h l K ” b i t - a l e C S r l P r l e S m T H i f I b T [ Y [ Y b 5 6 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 1 ° ° ° = I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I _ E ' R h y o l i t e t o H I g n - S I O , R h y o l i t e : 1 0 0 5 - — = 3 : 4 d — L - 2 0 1 0 . . = U u - d \ ' - d x I — U I — — I o - C . - I E - — 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 0 c I — U I — d h — L _ U C I - O 5 x : u h 0 . . m L — 1 E - I 1 0 0 0 u v . I . 3 0 1 0 g d 0 d \ d x d U o - I : I 1 . . : F i g u r e 1 5 b . S p i d e r g r a m s f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 5 7 - 5 A / 3 - 5 A e l p m a S 0 0 0 1 I I _ L I I I L I I L I I I I I I 5 7 A T H i - S i O B R h y / A T T r a c h y a n d . 1 0 ' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 L 1 1 A l l 1 A 1 l l l I j “ L A I I l l 1 B a R b T h K M J L a C e S P P S I Z P H f T I T b Y Y b F i g u r e 1 6 . T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t p l o t c o m p a r i n g t h e h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a n d t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . F i c I I I I I 3 - 5 A / 8 1 - 8 1 R e l p m a S l L I l l l l l l 5 8 R M L o w - N b R h y / A T H i - S i O E R h y 1 0 I I I I I I I F l I I I I I I I l l L i l l l l 0 0 0 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I J l I B a R b T h K N b L a C e S r P S e r H f T i n Y Y b F i g u r e 1 7 a . T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t p l o t c o m p a r i n g t h e T o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 5 9 R M H i - N b R h y / A T H i - S i O E R h y 1 0 : l I l I I I I I I I I I I I I : 1 m “ \ a ‘ I 1 0 ; 5 < 1 : : 1 \ h d ' \ I . d I F 1 a n a n : ' ‘ = ( D : I r — I - . a I I I E ( ' 0 L ' T : m E I ~ : I . J o 0 0 1 I l I I I L I I I I p I I I I l B a R b T h K N b L a C a S I ‘ P S I I Z P H f T I T b Y Y b F i g u r e 1 7 b . T r a c e e l e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t p l o t c o m p a r i n g t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 6 0 d i v i d e d b y t h a t o f t h e m o s t m a f i c s a m p l e ( t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s a m p l e A 5 - 7 5 , 5 9 . 4 5 w t % S i O Z ) . F r o m t h e e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m , R b , T h , K , N b , Y a n d Y b a r e m o d e r a t e l y t o s i g n i f i c a n t l y e n r i c h e d i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e , a l l o t h e r e l e m e n t s a r e d e p l e t e d ( F i g . 1 6 ) . E l e m e n t a l b e h a v i o r i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m i m i c s t h e l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f B a , N b a n d S r ( F i g s . l 7 a , b ) . B a a n d N b a r e d e p l e t e d i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w h i l e S r i s e n r i c h e d r e l a t i v e t o t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( F i g . 1 7 a ) . P E T R O G R A P H ! A N D M I N E R A L C H E M I S T R Y O v e r v i e w P e t r o g r a p h y T w e n t y - f i v e t h i n s e c t i o n s f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d n i n e t e e n t h i n s e c t i o n s f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w e r e e x a m i n e d p e t r o g r a p h i c a l l y . O f t h e e x a m i n e d t h i n s e c t i o n s , m o d e s o f s e v e n t e e n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a t h i n s e c t i o n s a n d e l e v e n o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s t h i n s e c t i o n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d . T h e m o d e s o f t h i n s e c t i o n s t h a t w e r e e i t h e r t o o s m a l l o r t o o b a d l y p l u c k e d d u r i n g g r i n d i n g w e r e n o t d e t e r m i n e d . M o d a l d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s a r e g i v e n i n T a b l e 2 . O n l y o n e t h i n s e c t i o n p e r p u m i c e s a m p l e w a s e x a m i n e d w i t h t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f p o i n t c o u n t s r a n g i n g f r o m 5 0 0 t o 1 0 0 0 p e r s e c t i o n . C a u t i o n s h o u l d b e e x e r c i s e d w h e n i n t e r p r e t i n g t h e m o d a l d a t a d u e t o t h e s m a l l n u m b e r o f t h i n s e c t i o n s a n a l y z e d , t h e l o w n u m b e r o f c o u n t e d p o i n t s a n d t h e v e s i c u l a r n a t u r e o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w h i c h l o w e r s a b s o l u t e p h e n o c r y s t a b u n d a n c e s p e r t h i n s e c t i o n . T e x t u r a l d a t a r e l a t i n g t o r e s o r p t i o n o f p h e n o c r y s t s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s i s p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 3 . P h e n o c r y s t a n d G l a s s C h e m i s t r y T o r e c o n s t r u c t t h e m i n e r a l o g i c a s s e m b l a g e s o f t h e m a g m a t y p e s p r e s e n t i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n s y s t e m , p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e s e l e c t e d f o r e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s 6 1 6 2 T A B L E 2 . M o d a l p e t r o g r a p h y o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . N T } ; M T / D R E 1 P O I N T S A M P L E S i O 2 P L G S A N Q T Z B I O H R N C P X I L T O T A L A P A C O U N T S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r R 2 3 - 2 7 5 7 1 0 . 3 - - 3 . 0 6 . 4 - 1 . 7 2 1 . 4 - 1 0 0 0 R 2 3 - T 7 5 9 1 8 . 4 ~ - 2 . 2 6 . 7 - 2 . 4 2 9 . 7 - 1 0 0 0 R 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 1 5 . 6 - - 1 . 7 5 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 9 2 3 . 3 0 . 9 1 0 0 0 R I I - 9 6 T R 8 - 4 5 6 6 1 5 . 9 * — - 0 . 8 t r 0 . 4 0 . 8 1 7 . 9 0 . 4 1 0 0 0 R 8 — 2 3 6 7 R 8 - 2 5 6 7 2 8 . 0 * - - 2 . 8 — 0 . 7 0 . 8 3 2 . 3 - 1 0 0 0 R 8 — 3 9 6 7 1 3 . 9 * - — 2 . 1 - 0 . 1 0 . 6 1 6 . 7 - 1 0 0 0 R 8 - 2 4 - T 6 8 2 0 . 7 * - - 3 . 0 - 0 . 1 0 . 5 2 4 . 6 - 1 0 0 0 R 8 - 2 6 6 8 R T T - z 6 8 1 1 . 5 1 3 . 1 - 1 . 5 - 0 . 3 0 . 3 2 6 . 7 - 1 0 0 0 R 2 5 - 2 1 - 1 6 8 7 . 1 . 9 - 1 . 7 - 0 . 4 0 . 8 1 2 . 6 - 1 0 0 0 R 8 — 4 4 6 9 7 . 1 0 . 8 — 1 . 6 - t r 0 . 1 9 . 6 — 1 0 0 0 R 2 3 - 4 6 9 R 2 3 - l 3 7 0 7 . 4 5 . 8 1 . 0 2 0 t r 0 . 5 0 . 7 1 7 . 5 - 1 0 0 0 R T l - 3 7 5 R I B - 2 7 5 2 . 4 0 . 1 2 . 3 0 . 1 - - t r 4 . 9 - 1 0 0 0 R T l - 7 7 6 0 . 4 5 . 5 3 . 7 t r t r - 0 . 3 9 . 9 - 1 0 0 0 R 2 3 - 2 2 7 6 R 2 1 - 4 4 7 6 2 . 6 2 . 8 T 3 0 . 4 — t r 0 . 3 7 . 4 - 1 0 0 0 R T 8 - 3 7 7 4 . 8 4 . 8 T 7 0 . 2 - - t r 1 1 . 5 - 1 0 0 0 R I B - 8 7 7 R T 8 - I 6 7 7 0 . 6 6 . 8 6 . 2 0 . 3 — - 0 . 2 1 4 . 1 - 1 0 0 0 R 2 1 - 4 0 7 8 1 . 8 * t r t r - — 0 . 2 2 . 0 - 1 0 0 0 R I B - T 7 8 A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r A 5 - 7 5 5 9 2 1 . 5 4 0 — 2 . 6 6 - 1 . 2 0 1 . 2 0 2 6 . 6 0 - 1 0 0 0 A 5 - 6 9 6 1 2 2 . 3 1 * - - 2 . 5 0 - 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 9 2 4 . 8 1 - 1 0 0 0 A 5 - 6 3 6 2 1 9 . 2 9 * - - 2 . 5 0 - 0 . 7 1 1 . 0 7 2 3 . 5 7 - 5 1 4 A 5 - 3 l 6 3 A 5 - 7 2 6 4 1 1 . 2 6 . 3 - 2 . 3 0 - - 0 . 3 3 1 5 . 1 9 - 5 0 0 A S - 3 O 6 5 1 4 . 8 3 4 . 6 5 - 2 . 3 3 - 0 . 2 9 t r 2 2 . 1 0 — 5 0 2 A 5 - 7 T 6 7 1 2 . 5 0 1 0 . 4 7 - 0 . 5 8 - - 0 . 8 7 2 4 . 4 2 - 5 0 3 A Z T - T 6 9 A 5 - 5 8 6 9 6 . 2 5 7 . 0 3 - 0 . 2 6 - 0 . 2 6 t r 1 3 . 8 0 - S O T A 5 - 9 7 0 7 . 5 8 1 . 6 9 - 0 . 2 8 - - t r 9 . 5 5 - 5 0 0 A 4 - 7 0 7 0 A 5 — 3 5 7 3 4 . 8 3 3 . 7 5 - 0 . 2 7 - - t r 8 . 8 5 - 5 0 0 A 5 - 6 8 7 4 1 . 4 7 6 . 9 9 - t r - - t r 8 . 4 6 - 4 5 8 A Z T - S 7 5 A 5 - 2 9 7 7 2 . 7 9 1 . 4 0 1 . 1 2 - - - t r 5 . 3 ] - 5 0 0 A 5 - 7 9 7 7 A 5 - 3 7 8 A 2 1 - 1 8 7 8 A S - S 6 7 8 * A T T f e l d s p a r c o u n t e d a s p l a g i o c l a s e T = D R E = D e n s e r o c k e q u i v a l e n t ( 5 3 T A B L E 3 . T e x t u r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e T i u b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 1 1 1 % M T / 1 3 1 2 1 : 1 S A M P L E $ 1 0 2 P L G S A N Q T Z B I D H R N c p x I L T O T A L R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r 1 2 2 3 - 2 7 5 7 O O O O 2 1 . 4 1 2 2 3 - 1 7 5 9 o 0 O O 2 9 . 7 1 2 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 Q o o 8 8 2 3 . 3 2 2 9 1 2 2 ; ’ ' O 8 1 7 9 1 2 8 - 2 3 6 7 3 z 3 8 8 1 3 3 3 2 3 8 ‘ o 8 O 1 2 ' ? R 8 - 2 4 - 1 6 8 o 3 8 O 8 2 4 . 6 R 8 - 2 6 6 8 o 8 o o 0 1 2 1 1 - 2 6 8 O 0 O O 2 6 . 7 1 2 2 5 - 2 1 - 2 6 8 0 o o o o 1 3 . 2 R 8 - 4 4 6 9 . 1 2 2 3 - 4 6 9 8 3 8 8 8 1 2 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 8 O O 8 1 7 . 5 1 2 1 1 - 3 7 5 R 1 8 - 2 7 5 8 8 8 O O 4 . 9 1 2 1 1 - 7 7 6 O 0 O O O O 9 . 9 1 2 2 3 — 2 2 7 6 O O O O 0 1 2 2 1 - 4 4 7 6 O O O O O O . 4 1 2 1 8 - 3 7 7 o o o 8 o 1 1 . 5 1 2 1 8 - 8 7 7 O O 0 1 2 1 8 - 1 6 7 7 o o o O o 1 4 . 1 1 2 2 1 - 4 0 7 8 o 8 o o O 2 . R 1 8 — 1 7 8 o O O A l u n o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r 1 1 5 - 7 5 5 9 O O ( I O O 2 6 . 6 0 1 2 8 2 ; : ° 0 0 9 1 - 2 ; A 5 - 3 1 6 3 g g g g C 8 ) 1 5 1 9 A 5 - 7 2 6 4 . A 5 8 0 6 5 o o o o O 2 2 . 1 0 A 5 - 7 1 6 7 ( D 0 O O O 2 4 . 4 2 A 2 1 - 1 6 9 o g 0 O O 2 2 ' ? $ 3 0 O 8 8 ‘ 3 2 ? A 4 - 7 o 7 0 8 8 O 8 O A 5 - 3 5 7 3 0 O O O O O 8 . 8 5 A 5 - 6 8 7 4 Q o o o o 8 . 4 6 1 1 2 1 - 5 7 5 8 8 o o A 5 - 2 9 7 7 o g o 5 . 3 1 A 5 - 7 9 7 7 o O O O A 5 - 3 7 8 o O O O A 2 1 - 1 8 7 8 o O 8 8 A 5 - 5 6 7 8 O O O 0 : F r e s h 0 = $ 1 . r e s o r b e d t o f r e s h Q : S t r o n g l y r e s o r b e d 1 = D e n s e r o c k e q u i v a l e n t 6 4 s u c h t h a t t h e f u l l c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e a s d e l i n e a t e d b y m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s w a s r e p r e s e n t e d . T w e l v e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h i r t e e n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w e r e s e l e c t e d f o r a n a l y s i s w i t h t h e e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f p l a g i o c l a s e , s a n i d i n e , b i o t i t e , C l i n o p y r o x e n e , o r t h o p y r o x e n e , h o r n b l e n d e , m a n g a n o a n f a y a l i t e a n d m a g n e t i t e / i l m e n i t e a r e p r e s e n t e d i n A p p e n d i x 4 . T h e p e t r o g r a p h y a n d c h e m i s t r y o f e a c h o f t h e a b o v e p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d i n d e t a i l b e l o w . S e v e r a l o t h e r t r a c e p h a s e s s u c h a s c h e v k i n i t e , s p h e n e , a p a t i t e , a n d m o n a z i t e w e r e o b s e r v e d b u t n o t a n a l y z e d . T h e s e p h a s e s a r e d i s c u s s e d c o l l e c t i v e l y i n t h e s e c t i o n o n t r a c e p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s . F e l d s p a r P e t r o g r a p h y P h e n o c r y s t s o f p l a g i o c l a s e a n d s a n i d i n e a r e a b u n d a n t w i t h i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f ( T a b l e 2 ) . P l a g i o c l a s e i s p r e s e n t t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a n i d i n e h o w e v e r , i s a b s e n t a s a p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f b o t h m e m b e r s . S a n i d i n e f i r s t a p p e a r s i n s a m p l e s w i t h a S i 0 2 c o n t e n t o f 6 1 w t % a n d t h e n r e m a i n s a s a p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e t h r o u g h o u t t h e m a g m a t i c s e q u e n c e i n b o t h m e m b e r s . T h e f e l d s p a r s d o n o t e x h i b i t a n y e v i d e n c e 6 5 o f s a u s s e r i t i z a t i o n o r s e r i c i t i c a l t e r a t i o n . S e c o n d a r y c a r b o n a t e i s m o r e c o m m o n i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a n d m a y a t t i m e s s u r r o u n d t h e f e l d s p a r s , a n d r a r e l y , m a y f i l l f r a c t u r e s i n t h e g r a i n s . M o d a l l y , f e l d s p a r s a r e t h e m o s t u b i q u i t o u s p h a s e s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f w i t h t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o c c u r r i n g i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e ( u p t o 2 8 % i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d 2 2 % i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ) ( T a b l e 2 ) . T h e a b s o l u t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f f e l d s p a r s t e a d i l y d e c r e a s e s t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 % i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f e a c h m e m b e r . T h e r a t i o o f p l a g i o c l a s e t o s a n i d i n e i s q u i t e v a r i a b l e t h r o u g h o u t b o t h m e m b e r s . T y p i c a l l y h o w e v e r , p l a g i o c l a s e d o m i n a t e s i n t h e m o r e m a f i c p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n s w h i l e s a n i d i n e d o m i n a t e s i n t h e r h y o l i t e a n d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . T h e v a r i a b i l i t y i n t h e f e l d s p a r r a t i o i s d u e t o a c o m b i n a t i o n o f d i f f i c u l t y i n p e t r o g r a p h i c i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f u n t w i n e d p l a g i o c l a s e v e r s u s s a n i d i n e , a n d , i n t h e s m a l l n u m b e r o f t h i n s e c t i o n s e x a m i n e d . T e x t u r a l l y , p l a g i o c l a s e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r r a n g e s f r o m f i n e g r a i n e d ( 0 . 2 5 m m t o 1 m m ) , u n z o n e d , e u h e d r a l p h e n o c r y s t s t o z o n e d , m e d i u m g r a i n e d ( 1 m m t o 4 . 2 5 m m ) , s l i g h t l y t o p e r v a s i v e l y r e s o r b e d p h e n o c r y s t s . Z o n i n g i s c o m m o n i n t h e m e d i u m g r a i n e d p l a g i o c l a s e g r a i n s a n d m a y b e n o r m a l , o s c i l l a t o r y , o r r a r e l y r e v e r s e i n n a t u r e . A p a t i t e a n d f l u i d / g l a s s i n c l u s i o n s a r e c o m m o n t o 6 6 a b u n d a n t i n t h e p l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s . S a n i d i n e t y p i c a l l y o c c u r s a s m e d i u m g r a i n e d ( 1 m m t o 4 . 5 m m ) , f r e s h t o p e r v a s i v e l y r e s o r b e d p h e n o c r y s t s . C a r l s b a d t w i n s a r e c o m m o n i n s a n i d i n e w h i l e i n c l u s i o n s o f a p a t i t e o r o t h e r p h a s e s a r e e x t r e m e l y r a r e . R e s o r p t i o n o f t h e f e l d s p a r s ( p r e d o m i n a n t l y p l a g i o c l a s e , r a r e l y s a n i d i n e ) i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s p e r v a s i v e i n t h e l a r g e r p h e n o c r y s t s i z e f r a c t i o n t h a t o c c u r s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w i t h c o m p o s i t i o n s r a n g i n g f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t h r o u g h t r a c h y d a c i t e ( T a b l e 3 ) . T h e s m a l l e r s i z e f r a c t i o n o f f e l d s p a r i n t h e s e s a m p l e s i s u s u a l l y n o t r e s o r b e d . T h e o n l y e x c e p t i o n t o t h i s p h e n o m e n a o c c u r s i n t h e m o s t m a f i c o f a l l t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s , s a m p l e R 2 3 - 2 7 ( 5 7 w t % S i O Z ) . I n t h i s s a m p l e , t h e l a r g e f e l d s p a r g r a i n s a r e n o t r e s o r b e d . F e l d s p a r s p r e s e n t i n t h e r h y o l i t i c s a m p l e s ( > 7 0 w t % S i O Z ) a r e d o m i n a n t l y f r e s h , m e d i u m g r a i n e d , s l i g h t l y z o n e d , a n d b r o k e n . V e r y f e w o f t h e s e f e l d s p a r s s h o w e v i d e n c e o f r e s o r p t i o n . T e x t u r a l l y , f e l d s p a r s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . P l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e t y p i c a l l y l a r g e r i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ( 1 m m t o 4 . 5 m m ) w i t h t h e f i n e - g r a i n e d s i z e f r a c t i o n b e i n g n o t i c e a b l y u n c o m m o n t o a b s e n t . Z o n i n g i n t h e p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r s i n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m a y b e n o r m a l , o s c i l l a t o r y , o r r a r e l y r e v e r s e i n n a t u r e . B o t h 6 7 p l a g i o c l a s e a n d s a n i d i n e e x h i b i t m o r e p e r v a s i v e r e s o r p t i o n f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t h r o u g h t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e t h a n d o t h e f e l d s p a r s i n t h e s a m e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . P l a g i o c l a s e i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o c c u r s m o r e c o m m o n l y a s g l o m e r o c r y s t s t h a n i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . B i o t i t e , C l i n o p y r o x e n e , a n d F e - T i o x i d e s a r e c o m m o n l y f o u n d i n a s s o c i a t i o n i n t h e g l o m e r o c r y s t s . A p a t i t e a n d f l u i d / g l a s s i n c l u s i o n s a r e r a r e t o a b u n d a n t . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y T h e p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f h a v e a l a r g e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e . W i t h i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e p l a g i o c l a s e n o r m a t i v e c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r p h e n o c r y s t c o r e s a r e a s h i g h a s A n 7 7 w h e r e a s p h e n o c r y s t e d g e c o m p o s i t i o n s r a n g e f r o m A n 5 2 t o A n 1 3 b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s ( F i g s . 1 8 , 1 9 ) . S a n i d i n e p h e n o c r y s t s a l s o e x h i b i t a l a r g e r a n g e i n c o m p o s i t i o n . E d g e c o m p o s i t i o n s r a n g e f r o m O r 6 5 C n o . 2 t o O r 4 7 C n 2 . 2 w h i l e c o r e c o m p o s i t i o n s r a n g e f r o m O r 6 5 C n 0 3 t o O r 5 5 C n 3 . 4 ( F i g s . 1 8 , 1 9 ) . I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , c e l s i a n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n s a n i d i n e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e d i r e c t l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e a n o r t h i t e c o n t e n t ( F i g . 2 0 a ) . C e l s i a n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s a n i d i n e 6 8 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R A n G r a i n C e n t e r s A b O r F i g u r e l 8 . A ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r O p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n e d g e s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 8 ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r O p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n c e n t e r s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A S E R M E B R E M I E N M I A R . r e b m e M a s e M r e i n i a R e h t r o f s e s y l a n a e P b U o r p o \ , m s 0 r 8 c n a 7 5 3 1 - 1 2 1 5 i m 0 n 6 o 0 4 r t c e l e m o 0 r 2 f e l U p A m a s y b r s 0 5 , 0 : 5 0 n o i t i 8 s ! t a 9 5 - 0 . 5 u - a n 0 4 o p m o c r a p s d l e F . 9 1 e r u g i F 6 9 7 O R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R A 6 l I I I 5 * - l o 4 _ 0 0 o I Q ) ‘ ” Q R U 3 " 0 0 0 1 9 0 I N o q b g 2 " o o m o ' 4 0 0 0 o o o 1 ~ o . o o 8 0 % o — — — S E B E B I 1 1 I 0 2 6 B 1 0 % A n A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 1 0 I I l I B + 8 * - - + + 6 * . . u ) + c ) + + + ) 2 + + 4 _ + + + " + 2 ” + + - 1 + + + + + + 0 ‘ + + $ 4 3 4 + . . . # ‘ P l 1 0 2 4 5 8 1 0 7 6 A n F i g u r e 2 0 . A ) C e l s i a n v e r s u s a n o r t h i t e c o n t e n t i n f e l d s p a r s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 8 ) C e l s i a n v e r s u s a n o r t h i t e c o n t e n t i n f e l d s p a r s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 7 l p h e n o c r y s t s h o w e v e r r e v e a l a m u c h p o o r e r c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h t h e a n o r t h i t e c o n t e n t ( F i g . 2 0 b ) . P l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r e x h i b i t a l m o s t e x a c t l y t h e s a m e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e a s t h o s e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( F i g s . 1 8 , 2 1 ) . E d g e c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r s r a n g e f r o m A n 5 9 t o A n 1 7 ( F i g s . 2 1 , 2 2 ) . C o r e c o m p o s i t i o n s a r e a s h i g h a s A n 5 2 . A f e w f e l d s p a r g r a i n s h a v e r i m A n v a l u e s e x c e e d i n g A n 7 0 . T h e A n 7 0 p h e n o c r y s t s m a y r e p r e s e n t b r o k e n g r a i n s w i t h t h e m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s t a k e n t o w a r d s t h e t r u e c o r e o f t h e g r a i n s . T h e f e l d s p a r s w i t h a l b i t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y A n l O A b 6 5 0 r 2 5 a r e p r e d o m i n a n t l y g r o u n d m a s s f e l d s p a r s , s o m e o f w h i c h a r e v i s i b l e i n t h i n s e c t i o n . C o m p a r i s o n o f t h e s a n i d i n e c o m p o s i t i o n s ( g r a i n e d g e a n a l y s e s o n l y ) f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r e v e a l s t h a t a g a p o f 1 % t o 2 % O r c o n t e n t ( O r 5 6 t o O r 5 8 ) o c c u r s w i t h i n e a c h o f t h e s e t w o m e m b e r s ( F i g s . 1 8 , 2 1 ) . S a n i d i n e c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r r a n g e f r o m a f e w s c a t t e r e d v a l u e s a t O r s o t o t h e d o m i n a n t p o p u l a t i o n a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y O r 6 o ( F i g . 1 8 ) w h i l e s a n i d i n e s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r a n g e f r o m O r 4 3 t o O r 5 5 ( F i g . 2 1 ) . A s i n t h e p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r s , a f e w s a n i d i n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h a v e e x t r e m e O r c o m p o s i t i o n s ( > O r 7 0 ) . T h e r a n g e o f c o r e c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r t h e s a n i d i n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a 7 2 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R G r a i n C e n t e r s 2 0 4 0 s o 8 0 ' A b 0 r F i g u r e 2 l . A ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n e d g e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 8 ) F e l d s p a r c o m p o s i t i o n s b a s e d o n e l e c t r o n m i c r O p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f g r a i n c e n t e r s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S K N A R T E B A M I E N M O M M A _ . r e b m e M s k n a T a i n o m m A e h t r o f s e s y l a n a e b o r p o r \ c r \ 0 ‘ i , c a s : e w 9 5 5 7 - 5 A 0 8 m n o r t c 0 e 5 0 4 0 2 b A l e m o r f e l p m a s y b s n o i t i s o p m o c r a p s d l e F . 2 2 e r u g i F , o x s 0 A 8 : t a 0 7 B - S A a 0 6 7 3 7 4 T a n k s M e m b e r i s i d e n t i c a l t o t h e e d g e c o m p o s i t i o n s ( F i g . 2 1 ) . B i o t i t e P e t r o g r a p h y N e x t t o t h e f e l d s p a r s , b i o t i t e i s t h e m o s t u b i q u i t o u s m i n e r a l p h a s e i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . B i o t i t e o c c u r s a s a p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e t h r o u g h o u t t h e s e q u e n c e f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f ( T a b l e 2 ) . I n b o t h u n i t s , m o d a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f b i o t i t e r a n g e f r o m a f e w t e n t h s o f a p e r c e n t ( D R E , d e n s e r o c k e q u i v a l e n t ) i n t h e r h y o l i t i c s a m p l e s u p t o 3 % i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s a m p l e s ( T a b l e 2 ) . P e t r o g r a p h i c a l l y , b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a r e c o m m o n l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h , i n d e c r e a s i n g o r d e r o f a b u n d a n c e , a p a t i t e , m a g n e t i t e , i l m e n i t e , s p h e n e , z i r c o n , c h e v k i n i t e , a n d + / - m o n a z i t e ( m o n a z i t e o n l y o c c u r s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d s p h e n e o n l y o c c u r s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ) . T h e b i o t i t e s h a v e a c o n s i s t e n t p l e o c h r o i c s c h e m e o f y e l l o w < d a r k r e d - b r o w n o r g r e e n ( X < Y , Z ) . R e s o r p t i o n o f b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s o c c u r s o n l y i n s a m p l e s w i t h c o m p o s i t i o n s r a n g i n g f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( T a b l e 3 ) . B i o t i t e s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a r e r e s o r b e d o n l y i n 7 5 s a m p l e s o f t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e ( T a b l e 3 ) . I n b o t h u n i t s , t h e r e s o r p t i o n i s o n l y s l i g h t t o m o d e r a t e a s c o m p a r e d t o r e s o r p t i o n o f t h e f e l d s p a r s . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y F o r m o s t s a m p l e s , m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d t o w a r d s t h e e d g e s o f t h e b i o t i t e g r a i n s b e c a u s e t h i s r e g i o n w a s m o s t l i k e l y i n e q u i l i b r i u m w i t h t h e e r u p t e d m e l t . A f e w g r a i n s i n e a c h s a m p l e w e r e c h e c k e d f o r c o m p o s i t i o n a l z o n a t i o n b y a n a l y z i n g t h e c o r e a n d e d g e p o r t i o n s o f t h e g r a i n . G r a i n s a n a l y z e d i n t h i s f a s h i o n w e r e h o m o g e n e o u s i n c o m p o s i t i o n . I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e M g # ( M g O / ( M g O + F e O T ) ) o f b i o t i t e r a n g e s f r o m a m e a n o f 0 . 6 7 i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o 0 . 6 4 i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( F i g . 2 3 ) . T h e c o l l e c t i v e r a n g e i n M g # h o w e v e r r a n g e s f r o m 0 . 7 2 w i t h i n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e t o 0 . 6 0 i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . I n t r a s a m p l e v a r i a t i o n s o f t h e M g # c a n r a n g e u p t o 0 . 0 9 u n i t s a s i n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e s a m p l e R 8 - 2 5 ( 0 . 6 1 t o 0 . 7 0 ) ( F i g . 2 3 ) . T h e l a r g e v a r i a t i o n i n M g # a n d e l e m e n t a l c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n a n y o n e s a m p l e m a y r e f l e c t e i t h e r t h e a c t u a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n t h a t p a r t i c u l a r m e l t , c o m p o s i t i o n a l z o n a t i o n w i t h i n t h e p h e n o c r y s t , a n d \ o r c o m m i n g l i n g o f d i s c r e t e m a g m a s w i t h u n i q u e p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s . R A I N I E R M E S A M B R . B I O T I T E 7 6 6 4 2 0 . 6 0 0 0 . 6 2 5 0 . 6 5 0 0 . 6 7 5 0 . 7 0 0 0 . 7 2 5 C O M P O S I T E L E P U M C E F R E Q . S A M P 3 ' 0 2 _ 2 l . l I 1 l l . . : 0 1 8 - 1 6 7 7 2 . . ‘ 1 | | I I I I I I H ! I . . . 0 1 1 - 7 7 6 1 . . l l l l l l . . . l . l , , 0 2 1 - 5 . 0 1 8 - 2 7 5 2 : ' . 1 I . I I I I . . . . 0 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 2 ‘ . l . 1 l I 1 1 1 1 . I l ; . 0 2 1 - 1 , 0 8 - 4 4 6 9 2 . . 1 1 . l fl l l , 1 1 , 1 . , 1 1 . , R 8 - 2 5 5 7 3 2 l ; 1 1 I § 1 . . , 0 8 - 4 5 6 6 2 I [ I I I I g . . 0 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 3 . 2 | 7 4 = I n 1 1 . 1 1 2 . . 0 1 1 - 5 6 1 Z I . , , l e . i l _ J L _ 1 _ _ _ _ L _ l . 0 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 Z : l i ; . l I ! I l l I . 0 2 3 - 2 7 5 0 2 I I I . I I I I I I ; I ' 3 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 0 . 6 0 0 0 . 6 2 5 0 . 6 5 0 0 . 6 7 5 0 . 7 0 0 0 . 7 2 5 0 9 0 / ( 0 9 0 + F e O t ) F i g u r e 2 3 . M g # o f b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O c o n t e n t . M i c r O p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n y . 7 7 I n t r a s a m p l e b i o t i t e d a t a f o r M n O , T i O Z , a n d t o a l e s s e r d e g r e e A 1 2 0 3 , e x h i b i t r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l r a n g e s a n d a r e u s e f u l a s t r a c e r e l e m e n t s i n e x a m i n i n g g e o c h e m i c a l c h a n g e s o v e r t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m ( f o r d e m o n s t r a t i v e p u r p o s e s o n l y T i o z i s p l o t t e d ) . F o r e x a m p l e , i n F i g u r e 2 4 , t h e T i 0 2 c o n t e n t i n b i o t i t e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r e x h i b i t s a g e n e r a l c h a n g e f r o m t h e m o s t m a f i c s a m p l e ( a m e d i a n v a l u e o f 5 . 8 w t % T i O Z ) t o t h e m o s t s i l i c i c s a m p l e ( a m e d i a n v a l u e o f 4 . 5 w t % T i O Z ) . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n s p l o t t e d a r e t h o s e o f g r a i n e d g e a n a l y s e s o n l y . A n a l y s e s o f ' c o r e ' c o m p o s i t i o n s a r e n o t p l o t t e d a s i t i s u n c e r t a i n w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e t r u e ' c o r e ' o f t h e p h e n o c r y s t w a s a c t u a l l y a n a l y z e d . F o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , t h e M g # f o r b i o t i t e r a n g e s f r o m 0 . 6 7 i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o 0 . 8 0 i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( F i g . 2 5 ) . T i O Z r a n g e s f r o m 2 . 7 3 w t % t o 7 . 5 7 w t % i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e r e s p e c t i v e l y ( F i g . 2 6 ) . A h i s t o g r a m p l o t o f t h e M g # d o e s n o t r e v e a l s i g n i f i c a n t p o p u l a t i o n d i f f e r e n c e s ( i e . b i m o d a l v s . u n i m o d a l ) ( F i g . 2 5 ) : T i 0 2 h o w e v e r d o e s r e v e a l a p o s s i b l e t r i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n w i t h m e d i a n s o c c u r r i n g a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 . 0 0 w t % T i 0 2 , 4 . 7 5 w t % T i 0 2 a n d 6 . 9 5 w t % T i O z ( F i g . 2 6 ) . T h i s t r i m o d a l i t y i s a l s o p r e s e n t i n t h e K 2 0 a n d M n O d a t a . F e O e x h i b i t s a b i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n . W i t h i n a s i n g l e s a m p l e , l a r g e r a n g e s i n c o m p o s i t i o n w h i c h a r e u n i m o d a l i n d i s t r i b u t i o n a r e i n t e r p r e t e d t o 7 8 R A I N I E R B A 1 1 1 m B I O T I T E F r e q . 1 0 . 8 6 l . 2 3 . 6 0 4 . 2 0 4 . 8 0 5 . 4 0 6 . 0 0 6 . 6 0 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e q . S a m p l e 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 2 I : : l l l 1 ; I 4 i ; ; R I B — 1 6 7 7 2 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 : 1 1 , m - v 1 . 3 . l l 0 2 1 — 5 1 I I p 1 . , L 0 1 0 — 2 7 5 1 . . 1 9 . 1 1 I I 1 ' “ l l , R 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 R Z I - l 6 9 R 8 — 4 4 3 . 1 1 A , I 1 : 1 l I I . I . I . + _ — 0 3 - 2 5 6 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . A l 1 Y Y I j I L I 3 l 7 1 1 1 1 ; I I . I _ . I _ . I _ 1 1 1 8 - 4 5 6 6 2 q I 1 1 9 . 1 1 I [ “ 1 1 8 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 4 ' 1 l 1 1 I “ : l l . R l l — S 6 1 1 . 1 1 fi ‘ 1 1 " “ H I 1 1 1 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 3 — l I . 1 ; 1 1 I I I I 1 1 l 1 1 1 2 3 - 2 7 5 8 3 ‘ I 1 1 1 L 1 1 " 1 I l l . 1 1 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 3 . 6 0 4 . 2 0 4 . 8 0 5 . 4 0 6 . 0 0 6 . 6 0 “ 1 ' 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 2 4 . T i O i n b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m B l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n y . ‘ 7 9 1 A R M N K J N M A l n A h I G S I I E W I . E n c r r r n s F r e . 2 0 . 6 7 5 0 . 7 0 0 0 . 7 2 5 0 . 7 5 0 0 . 7 7 5 0 . 8 0 0 C o m p o s i t e P u m l c e F r o g . S a m p l e S i O 2 ( 9 ( 1 ) 2 - A 5 - 3 1 1 1 U I I 1 I I I [ I d I 1 0 5 — 3 7 7 3 A 2 1 — 1 8 2 : l I I I I I I I I “ 5 ' 2 9 7 7 g i i i 1 7 . 1 1 5 - 7 9 I T 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 A S - 6 8 7 a 2 . . . 1 I U I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 0 5 — 3 5 7 3 1 _ I 1 1 ] 1 1 1 i 1 4 , A 4 — 7 0 7 2 I d 1 I . I I 1 I I 1 . A 5 — 9 7 0 1 . 1 4 1 I I . 1 1 I 1 . 1 1 A 5 — 5 8 6 9 3 ‘ ‘ 1 1 l h I I 1 I 1 1 1 , 0 5 - 7 1 6 7 l a — 1 I I I I 1 I 1 1 1 0 5 - 7 2 6 4 l — ; i I I 1 1 4 1 I 1 A 5 - 3 l 6 3 2 . 1 1 , [ I d ] 1 1 1 1 A 5 — 6 3 6 2 1 . . . 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 6 9 6 1 “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 0 5 — 7 5 5 9 0 . 6 7 5 0 . 7 0 0 0 . 7 2 5 0 . 7 5 0 0 . 7 7 5 0 . 8 0 0 H g O / ( H g o 1 F e O t ) F i g u r e 2 5 . M g # o f b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O c o n t e n t . M i c r O p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n y . 8 0 A m T A M S M B R . B I O T I T E F r e q . 5 1 . 2 3 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e q . S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) I 2 “ 0 5 - 3 2 I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 - 3 7 7 8 A 2 1 — 1 8 3 I 7 I I I . I . I . . I 1 0 5 — 2 9 7 7 I ' ' ' 0 5 - 7 9 1 . — 1 1 “ 1 4 1 1 A 5 — 6 8 7 4 2 : 1 1 I I i I 1 1 A 5 - 3 5 7 3 l . . 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 0 4 — 7 0 7 2 2 : 1 1 , I I . I 1 . 0 5 - 9 7 0 I j I 1 1 . 1 . 1 I . I I 1 1 I A 5 — 5 8 6 9 3 - = 1 1 I I I I I I I 1 1 5 — 7 1 6 7 2 : 1 1 1 1 1 I “ I 0 5 — 7 2 6 4 l d 1 1 1 1 H I 1 0 5 - 3 1 6 3 2 - 1 1 . 1 1 I I I I A 5 — 6 3 6 2 2 . 1 A 1 1 A A l l A 5 ' 6 9 6 1 I I I I I 3 - I 7 . . 1 . I I I ! 0 5 — 7 5 5 9 3 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 7 . 0 0 1 1 0 2 ( 0 2 7 . ) F i g u r e 2 6 . T i 0 i n b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m g l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O c o n t e n t . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n y . B I r e p r e s e n t t h e a c t u a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e a m o n g p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n t h e s a m p l e . C o m m i n g l i n g c a n b e i d e n t i f i e d i n a s a m p l e i n w h i c h t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n o f a p a r t i c u l a r e l e m e n t i s s m a l l , b u t a b i m o d a l t o p o l y m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d a t a i s p r e s e n t . T w o e x a m p l e s o f t h i s c a n b e o b s e r v e d i n t h e T i 0 2 d a t a f o r b i o t i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ; s a m p l e s R 1 1 - 7 , R Z l — l a n d R 8 - 4 4 ( F i g . 2 4 ) . I n t h i s e x a m p l e , t h e v a r i a t i o n i n T i 0 2 f o r a p a r t i c u l a r s a m p l e i s s m a l l . S a m p l e R l l - 7 h o w e v e r c o n t a i n s a d i s t i n c t b i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e T i 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n w h i c h i s i n t e r p r e t e d t o r e p r e s e n t c o m m i n g l i n g o f h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a n d a n d e s i t i c m a g m a . G l a s s m a t r i x a n a l y s e s f o r a l l a n a l y z e d e l e m e n t s e x h i b i t a s i m i l a r b i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r R l l - 7 ; a p r i o r i e v i d e n c e f o r c o m m i n g l i n g ( F i g . 3 9 a ) . Q u a r t z P e t r o g r a p h y Q u a r t z p h e n o c r y s t s a r e p r e s e n t i n t h e r h y o l i t i c p o r t i o n s o f b o t h m e m b e r s ( 7 0 w t % S i 0 2 t o 7 8 w t % S i O Z ) o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , q u a r t z c o m p r i s e s 1 % t o 6 . 2 % ( D R E ) o f t h e r o c k ( T a b l e 2 ) . T h e g r a i n s a r e t y p i c a l l y b r o k e n a n d m a y b e s l i g h t l y t o m o d e r a t e l y r e s o r b e d ( T a b l e 3 ) . T h e g r a i n s a r e i n c l u s i o n f r e e a n d r a n g e i n s i z e f r o m < 0 . 5 m m t o 2 m m . 8 2 I n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , t h e q u a r t z g r a i n s a r e p r e s e n t i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s u p t o 1 % ( D R E ) a n d a r e t y p i c a l l y b r o k e n ( T a b l e 2 ) . I n c o n t r a s t t o q u a r t z o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e q u a r t z p h e n o c r y s t s a r e n o t r e s o r b e d ( T a b l e 3 ) . G l a s s i n c l u s i o n s a r e r a r e t o c o m m o n i n q u a r t z p h e n o c r y s t s f r o m b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . C l i n o p y r o x e n e P e t r o g r a p h y C l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e c o m m o n i n s a m p l e s o f t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t h r o u g h r h y o l i t e i n b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s ( T a b l e 2 ) . I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , C l i n o p y r o x e n e d o e s n o t a p p e a r a s a p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e i n l o w S i 0 2 s a m p l e s u n t i l a w h o l e - p u m i c e $ 1 0 2 c o m p o s i t i o n o f 6 1 w t % i s r e a c h e d . I n t h e m o r e m a f i c s a m p l e s , h o r n b l e n d e a n d b i o t i t e a r e t h e d o m i n a n t f e r r o m a g n e s i a n p h a s e s . I n b o t h m e m b e r s , C l i n o p y r o x e n e c e a s e s t o b e a p h a s e a s q u a r t z p h e n o c r y s t s a p p e a r . P e t r o g r a p h i c a l l y , C l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s a r e e u h e d r a l t o s u b h e d r a l a n d r a n g e i n s i z e f r o m < 1 . 0 m m t o 2 . 0 m m . C o l o r o f t h e C l i n o p y r o x e n e i s c l e a r t o s l i g h t l y p a l e g r e e n . I n e a c h m e m b e r , s e v e r a l C l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s w e r e n o t e d t o c o n t a i n i r r e g u l a r l y s h a p e d o r t h o p y r o x e n e c o r e s . I n t h e s e s a m e s a m p l e s , C l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s m a y a l s o h a v e o p t i c a l l y d i s c o n t i n u o u s , i r r e g u l a r l y s h a p e d c o r e s o f 8 3 C l i n o p y r o x e n e i n a d d i t i o n t o o r t h o p y r o x e n e c o r e s w h i c h m a y r e f l e c t t h e p r e s e n c e o f r e l i c t g r a i n s . M o d a l l y , C l i n o p y r o x e n e o n l y o c c u r s i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f a f e w t e n t h s o f a p e r c e n t e x c e p t i n t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w h e r e i t r e a c h e s a t o t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 1 . 2 % ( D R E ) ( T a b l e 2 ) . I n c l u s i o n s i n t h e C l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s i n c l u d e a p a t i t e , m a g n e t i t e , i l m e n i t e , z i r c o n , a n d c h e v k i n i t e . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y M o l e f r a c t i o n s o f W o - E n - F s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e C l i n o p y r o x e n e a n d o r t h o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s u s i n g t h e p r o g r a m " C A T I O N S " ( W i l b a n d , u n p u b l i s h e d p r o g r a m ) . T h e s e d a t a a r e p l o t t e d o n t h e p y r o x e n e q u a d r i l a t e r a l i n F i g u r e s 2 7 a a n d 2 7 b . C o m p o s i t i o n a l l y , t h e d o m i n a n t g r o u p o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s , b a s e d o n e d g e a n a l y s e s , r a n g e s f r o m W 0 4 9 E n 4 3 F 3 8 t o W 0 3 7 E n 4 7 F s l 6 . T w o g r a i n - c e n t e r a n a l y s e s h a v e s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r W o m o l e f r a c t i o n s o f W 0 2 7 E n 5 3 F S Z O a n d W 0 3 1 E n 4 9 F 3 2 0 . T h e r e s p e c t i v e e d g e c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e s e t w o g r a i n s a r e W 0 4 4 E n 4 3 F s l 3 a n d W 0 3 7 E n 4 8 F s l 6 ( s a m p l e s R 2 3 - 2 6 a n d R 2 1 - 1 ) . C o m p o s i t i o n a l z o n i n g w a s c o m m o n i n c l i n o p y r o x e n e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r w i t h a u s u a l W o m o l e f r a c t i o n r a n g e o f + / - W 0 2 , w i t h a f e w g r a i n s h a v i n g a r a n g e o f u p t o + / - W 0 5 . Z o n i n g w i t h r e s p e c t t o M g O a n d F e O f r o m t h e g r a i n c e n t e r t o t h e g r a i n e d g e d i d n o t s h o w a n y c o n s i s t e n t p a t t e r n . I n s o m e 8 4 R A I N I E R M E S A M B R . A 0 B l H d 4 0 2 : 1 + + 2 0 1 . 1 1 fi t P A 1 . a 2 0 4 0 6 0 E n A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . ' 3 D i H d 2 0 E n F s F i g u r e 2 7 . A ) P l o t o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e a n d o r t h 0 p y r 0 x e n e c o m p o s i t i o n s o n t h e p y r o x e n e q u a d i l a t e r a l d i a g r a m f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 8 ) P l o t o f c I i n 0 p y r 0 x e n e a n d o r t h 0 p y r o x e n e c o m p o s i t i o n s o n t h e p y r o x e n e q u a d i l a t e r a l d i a g r a m f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 8 5 g r a i n s F e O w a s e n r i c h e d t o w a r d s t h e e d g e o f t h e g r a i n a n d i n o t h e r s M g O w a s e n r i c h e d e d g e w a r d . N o r m a l l y , a F e O e n r i c h m e n t e d g e w a r d w o u l d b e e x p e c t e d f o r g r a i n s g r o w i n g i n a m e l t c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y e v o l v i n g t o w a r d a m o r e s i l i c i c c o m p o s i t i o n . T h i s d i s c r e p a n c y c a n b e e x p l a i n e d d u e t h e r a n d o m o r i e n t a t i o n o f t h e b r o k e n g r a i n s a s a r e s u l t o f s a m p l e p r e p a r a t i o n . E d g e a n a l y s e s m a y a c t u a l l y h a v e b e e n t a k e n t o w a r d s t h e t r u e g r a i n c e n t e r . A n a l y s e s o f h a n d p i c k e d p h e n o c r y s t s a n d a n a l y s e s o f p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h i n s e c t i o n h o w e v e r d o c o n s i s t e n t l y i n d i c a t e F e - r i c h r i m s a n d M g - r i c h c o r e s , a s s h o u l d b e e x p e c t e d . T h e M g # o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r r a n g e s f r o m 0 . 7 7 t o 0 . 7 2 . T h e m e a n M g # o f C l i n o p y r o x e n e i n t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t ( 5 9 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) a n d i n t h e m o s t e v o l v e d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t ( 7 5 w t % S i O z ) i s 0 . 7 6 a n d 0 . 7 4 r e s p e c t i v e l y ( F i g . 2 8 ) . C o m p o s i t i o n a l l y , C l i n o p y r o x e n e i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s v e r y s i m i l a r t o C l i n o p y r o x e n e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r e x c e p t f o r a f e w a n a l y s e s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w h i c h a r e s l i g h t l y m o r e e n r i c h e d i n t h e E n c o m p o n e n t ( F i g . 2 7 b ) . T h e r a n g e i n t h e W 0 m o l e f r a c t i o n i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h o w e v e r , i s v i r t u a l l y t h e s a m e a s t h a t i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h e b i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d a t a o n t h e q u a d r i l a t e r a l p l o t m o s t l i k e l y r e p r e s e n t s t r u e p h e n o c r y s t e d g e v e r s u s c e n t e r c o m p o s i t i o n s ( F i g . 2 7 b ) . D u e t o t h e b r o k e n n a t u r e o f t h e g r a i n s i n t h e F i g u r e 2 8 . 8 6 F r o g . 1 0 _ a : 6 : a : 2 ; 0 . 7 2 0 0 . 7 3 6 0 . 7 5 2 0 . 7 6 8 0 . 7 8 4 C o m p o s i t e F r e q . l — j i I I 1 1 2 _ ‘ _ l 1 _ . | I _ L | _ I l l l l l J J , I L I I I 1 1 2 . : 1 1 l g m m l 1 I | I J 1 1 1 I I I a - = 1 1 4 1 1 . 1 1 ! a n 1 1 2 . 4 ‘ _ | _ 1 1 _ _ L l 1 _ I I n I l l 1 . I I l 4 J = 1 1 1 1 L I L | I | 1 I I I I I I 1 1 2 _ “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 _ ‘ 1 1 | | 1 | I 1 1 | 1 r 0 . 7 2 0 0 . 7 3 6 0 . 7 5 2 0 . 7 6 8 0 . 7 8 4 H g O / ( H g o + F e O t ) P u m i c e S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) R 2 1 - 5 7 5 R 2 3 - l 3 7 0 R B - Q Q R Z I — l 6 9 R 8 - 2 5 6 7 R 8 — 4 5 6 6 R 2 3 — 2 6 6 4 R l l - S 6 1 R 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 M g # 0 f c l i n 0 p y r 0 x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a ? M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r 0 p r 0 b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 8 7 g r a i n m o u n t s a s n o t e d f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s a m p l e s , t h e t r u e e d g e o r c e n t e r o f t h e g r a i n c o u l d n o t b e d e t e r m i n e d d u r i n g a n a l y s i s . T h e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f t h e b i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e d a t a w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d i n a l a t e r s e c t i o n . Z o n i n g s t u d i e s o n h a n d p i c k e d p h e n o c r y s t s a n d t h i n - s e c t i o n p h e n o c r y s t s i n d i c a t e F e - r i c h r i m s a n d M g - r i c h c o r e s ( s a m p l e A 5 - 3 5 ) . T h e M g # r a n g e s f r o m 0 . 7 2 t o 0 . 8 2 f o r a l l c l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . C l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e h a v e a m e a n M g # o f 0 . 7 9 w h i l e c l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s f r o m t h e r h y o l i t e h a v e a m e a n M g # o f 0 . 7 7 ( F i g . 2 9 ) . E l e m e n t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t h e c l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r e m a i n n e a r l y c o n s t a n t i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s r a n g i n g f r o m 5 9 w t % t o 6 3 w t % S i O Z . A t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 7 w t % S i O Z , t h e c l i n o p y r o x e n e c o m p o s i t i o n c h a n g e s g r a d u a l l y t o w a r d s t h e e v o l v e d c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e c l i n o p y r o x e n e g r a i n s i n t h e r h y o l i t i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . T h i s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a c h a n g e t o w a r d m o r e e v o l v e d b i o t i t e a n d g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 4 w t % 5 1 0 2 . S i m i l a r l y , t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r e x h i b i t s a g r a d u a l c h a n g e i n c l i n o p y r o x e n e c o m p o s i t i o n a t 6 4 w t % S i O z , w h i l e b i o t i t e a n d g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n a l d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r e x h i b i t a n i n f l e c t i o n a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 1 w t % S i O z . : n a e w 8 8 A M M O N I A T A N K S m C U W Y R O X E N E F r e g . 0 . 7 2 0 0 . 7 4 0 0 . 7 6 0 0 . 7 8 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 2 0 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e q . S a m p l e S I D 2 ( w t % ) I r 1 1 1 I I 1 I 1 , 1 A 5 — 6 8 7 4 2 ‘ 7 J 1 ’ 1 I I I I ’ I I 1 1 1 A 5 — 3 5 7 3 I “ ; 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 1 4 4 — 7 0 7 2 3 - 1 7 p l 1 “ 1 1 ' “ I I 1 1 l 1 A 5 — 5 8 6 9 2 z 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 1 6 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 A 5 - 3 0 6 6 3 . 1 d ; 5 1 1 l l l l l h l 1 A 5 - 7 2 6 4 1 — 4 A L A 1 I L I . A 5 — ‘ 3 1 6 3 2 . 1 ‘ 1 1 1 1 l l I 1 l l 1 A 5 - 6 3 6 2 1 7 1 1 1 | I 1 1 u 1 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 6 9 6 1 3 - 7 1 1 1 I [ I l l l g l l fl l l 1 A S - 7 S 1 5 9 0 . 7 2 0 0 . 7 4 0 0 . 7 6 0 0 . 7 8 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 2 0 M g O / ( H g o + F o o t ) F i g u r e 2 9 . M g # o f c l i n 0 p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i 0 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 8 9 O r t h o p y r o x e n e P e t r o g r a p h y A s n o t e d i n t h e s e c t i o n o n c l i n o p y r o x e n e , o r t h o p y r o x e n e o c c u r s i n b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , b u t , o n l y a s i r r e g u l a r l y s h a p e d c o r e s w i t h i n t h e c l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e W o - E n - F s m o l e f r a c t i o n s h a v e a l i m i t e d r a n g e ; W o Z E n 7 O F 3 2 9 t o W o Z E n 6 5 F s 3 4 ( F i g . 2 7 a ) . T h e a b s o l u t e r a n g e i n M g # f o r o r t h o p y r o x e n e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s 0 . 6 6 t o 0 . 7 1 . T h e m e a n M g # f o r o r t h o p y r o x e n e i n t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t i s 0 . 6 7 w h i l e t h e M g # f o r o r t h o p y r o x e n e i n t h e m o s t f e l s i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t i s a l s o 0 . 6 7 ( F i g . 3 0 a ) . W h i l e t h e M g # e x h i b i t s a v e r y s m a l l r a n g e f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e o r t h o p y r o x e n e T i 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s d e c r e a s e s y s t e m a t i c a l l y f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 1 3 w t % i n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e t o 0 . 0 7 w t % i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( F i g . 3 0 b ) . I n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , o r t h o p y r o x e n e i s r a r e a n d o n l y f o u r a n a l y s e s w e r e p e r f o r m e d o n t h e t h r e e g r a i n s f o u n d i n o n e s a m p l e ( A S - 5 8 , 6 9 w t % S i O z ) . T h e W o - E n - F s m o l e f r a c t i o n r a n g e f o r t h e s e a n a l y s e s i s W o Z E n 7 3 F 3 2 5 t o W o Z E n 6 6 F s 3 2 ( F i g . 2 7 b ) . T h e a b s o l u t e r a n g e i n M g # i s f r o m 0 . 7 4 t o 0 . 7 0 ( F i g . 3 1 ) . 9 0 R A I M E R I E S A 6 B R . ( F T H O P Y R O X E N E F r e g . 3 2 S I | | I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 0 . 6 6 0 0 . 6 7 0 0 . 6 8 0 0 . 6 9 0 0 . 7 0 0 0 . 7 1 0 A C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e 5 5 3 3 ; S a m p l e S i 0 2 ( w t % ) 2 : r J 1 ? l 1 H i I I R Z I — S 7 5 l _ r _ l _ l l I . | _ . J _ 1 I 1 1 1 R 2 3 — 1 3 7 0 I - R 8 — 4 4 — — I - — — — — L — — u — — ~ I I 1 1 I . 3 2 1 - 1 6 9 1 _ 1 f “ I 1 1 1 1 1 R 8 - 4 5 6 6 I — I _ . L L L J . I + " b I . 1 1 R 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 ' I ' 0 . 6 6 0 0 . 6 7 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 6 9 0 0 . 7 0 0 0 . 7 1 0 H g O / ( H g o + F e O t ) F r e g . I ; 2 : 1 I I I U I 1 I I I I L 1 1 L M I 1 1 I 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 5 0 B C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e g . S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) 2 l ! l : I l ; ; ; R 2 1 — 5 7 5 3 . 1 ‘ 1 1 l 1 , I l l 1 7 1 2 3 — 1 3 7 0 R 8 - 4 4 1 . 1 i . “ i l I ? 1 3 8 - 4 5 6 6 3 - - ' 1 1 1 I l 1 l | l l 3 2 3 - 2 6 6 " 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 5 0 T I O Z ( w t % ) F i g u r e 3 0 . A ) M g # o f o r t h 0 p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y w h o l e p u m i c e S i O c o n t e n t . M i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 8 ) T i 0 i n o r t h o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c y r s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m e r . F i g u r e 3 l . 9 ] A l l N K D N W A H T fi w fl K S i I I B F L ( N W T H K I P V F K J X E D M E P u m i c e F r e g . S a m p l e S i O 2 ( 9 L 1 ) I ‘ { I . 1 l . : 1 I 1 1 ] 1 5 - 5 3 6 9 0 . 7 0 4 0 . 7 1 2 0 . 7 2 0 0 . 7 2 8 0 . 7 3 6 0 . 7 4 4 H 1 1 0 / 0 1 3 0 + F e O t ) M g # o f o r t h 0 p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g S i O c o n t e n t o f w h o l e p u m i c e . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f g o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 9 2 A m p h i b o l e P e t r o g r a p h y H o r n b l e n d e i s c o m m o n i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a s a p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e a n d o c c u r s s p o r a d i c a l l y f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e r h y o l i t e . H o r n b l e n d e i s a b s e n t i n s a m p l e s w i t h a S i O Z c o n t e n t e q u a l t o o r g r e a t e r t h a n 6 7 w t % a n d i s p r e s e n t o n l y i n m i n u t e q u a n t i t i e s i n p u m i c e s a m p l e s o f 6 1 w t % t o 6 6 w t % S i O Z . A s m a l l c l u s t e r o f e u h e d r a l h o r n b l e n d e w a s a l s o i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e r h y o l i t i c s a m p l e R 2 3 - l 3 ( 7 0 . 0 3 w t % S i O Z ) . T h e p l e o c h r o i c s c h e m e f o r h o r n b l e n d e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s c o n s i s t e n t l y l i g h t g r e e n < o r a n g e t o g r e e n - b r o w n ( X < Y , Z ) . G e n e r a l l y t h e h o r n b l e n d e s a r e e u h e d r a l t o s u b h e d r a l . O n l y i n t h e m o s t m a f i c s a m p l e s o f e a c h m e m b e r d o t h e h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s e x h i b i t m i n o r e m b a y m e n t o f g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s . I t i s u n c l e a r w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e s e g r a i n s w e r e r e s o r b e d . M i n e r a l C h e m i s t r y I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , t h e M g # o f h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s h a v e a n a b s o l u t e r a n g e o f 0 . 7 1 t o 0 . 6 3 . I n t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t , t h e m e a n M g # i s 0 . 6 8 w h i l e i n t h e m o s t f e l s i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t t h e m e a n M g # i s 0 . 6 6 ( F i g . 3 2 ) . T h e i n t r a s a m p l e v a r i a t i o n i n M g # i s q u i t e l a r g e a n d m a y b e d u e t o s e c o n d a r y i r o n g a i n a n d / o r l o s s f r o m p o s t - e m p l a c e m e n t p r o c e s s e s s u c h a s v o l a t i l e m i g r a t i o n 9 3 l i A fl h fl E fl i I M E E N A I n fi l l . H I J H M I B L E B G C I E F r e g . h 2 0 . 6 2 4 0 . 6 4 0 0 . 6 5 6 0 . 6 7 2 0 . 6 8 8 C o w o s l t e P u m i c e F r o g . S a m p l e 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 1 — 2 — ‘ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ + _ _ _ h l l 1 l 1 R 2 3 — 1 3 7 0 I 7 I l I l “ 1 1 1 1 1 n 8 _ 4 4 6 9 I T I 1 I 1 ‘ i 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 8 8 - 4 5 6 6 j r t | l 2 - ‘ 1 1 , l 1 I I I I 1 1 R l l — S 6 1 l I I l I . 2 . 1 ‘ . 1 4 1 1 l l 1 I l 1 R 2 3 — 2 4 6 0 I V V I 1 2 - 4 ‘ l 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 l l . 1 R 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 I I I I I 3 _ = l . 1 1 1 [ [ 1 J . I . 3 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 I I 1 I I 0 . 6 2 4 0 . 6 4 0 0 . 6 5 6 0 . 6 7 2 0 . 6 8 8 H g O / ( H g o + F e O t ) ' F i g u r e 3 2 . M g # o f h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 9 4 d u r i n g c o o l i n g o f t h e s h e e t , o r , m e t e o r i c w a t e r f l o w . A 1 2 0 3 r e f l e c t s t h e g r a d u a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l c h a n g e o f t h e h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g S i O 2 c o n t e n t o f t h e p u m i c e s a m p l e s ( F i g . 3 3 ) . C a O c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o r h o r n b l e n d e i s c o n s i s t e n t t h r o u g h o u t t h e r a n g e o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s w i t h a m e a n v a l u e o f 1 1 . 2 6 w t % C a O . T h e C a O c o n c e n t r a t i o n f o r h o r n b l e n d e o f s a m p l e R 2 1 - 1 3 , t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t a t 5 7 w t % S i O z , i s d i s t i n c t l y d i f f e r e n t t h a n h o r n b l e n d e i n t h e o t h e r p u m i c e s a m p l e s ( F i g . 3 4 ) . T h e m e a n v a l u e o f C a O i n R 2 1 - 1 3 i s 9 . 8 3 w t % . O t h e r e l e m e n t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f o r R 2 1 - 1 3 d o n o t e x h i b i t s u c h l a r g e v a r i a t i o n s . O n l y t w o g r a i n s o f h o r n b l e n d e w e r e i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a n d a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t ( A S - 7 5 , 5 9 w t % S i O Z ) . T h e t w o h o r n b l e n d e g r a i n s a r e r o u g h l y s i m i l a r i n c o m p o s i t i o n t o h o r n b l e n d e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . H o r n b l e n d e i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h a s a s l i g h t l y h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f C a O , K 2 0 , a n d M g O , a n d , a s l i g h t l y l o w e r F e O c o n c e n t r a t i o n t h a n h o r n b l e n d e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h e M g # o f t h e t w o g r a i n s i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 7 0 w h i c h i s s l i g h t l y a b o v e t h e m e a n o f t h e m o s t p r i m i t i v e s a m p l e f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( M g # = 0 . 6 8 ) ( F i g . 3 5 ) . 9 5 l R A fl h fl E 3 1 | N I E 5 A 1 I fl E W l P K J H I l B l I S W I I E F r e g . a 2 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 5 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 5 0 1 3 . 0 0 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r o g . S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) 1 ‘ 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 — 7 7 6 I 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 [ I 1 ] 1 ! R 2 3 — 1 3 7 0 — - + I 1 1 l . R 8 — 4 4 6 9 I r v r I 1 ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 3 - 4 5 o n 2 ‘ l 1 1 . 5 1 L 3 1 : l l ; 3 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 2 ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; g 4 4 1 1 ; R 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 3 — 1 1 l 1 ! l l l I L I L L J 1 1 2 1 — 1 3 5 7 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 5 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 5 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 3 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 3 3 . A l 0 i n h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a 6 p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 9 6 R A I N I E R R E S A I B R . W F r o g . 8 6 l . 2 I l l l 1 1 1 1 # 1 fl _ ' 1 1 1 9 . 6 0 1 0 . 2 0 1 0 . 8 0 1 1 . 4 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 6 0 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r o g . S a m p l e S i 0 2 ( H t l ) 2 = 1 1 1 l l l l l 1 R l i - 7 7 6 W I I I I T 3 - ‘ 1 1 1 ” l l 1 3 2 3 — 1 3 7 0 I t l l l I I 7 1 1 1 [ 1 r 1 1 R 8 — 4 4 6 9 2 d 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 R 8 - 4 5 6 6 I I I l I ‘ 7 2 _ . " 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l R l l — S 6 1 3 l l l I I 3 l l 1 1 1 : u J 1 1 . 3 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 2 . . . “ 1 1 1 l l l l J l a . 1 3 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 a I 1 I l I U 2 - 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 . 1 3 5 7 9 . 6 0 1 0 . 2 0 1 0 . 8 0 1 1 . 4 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 6 0 0 3 0 ( u t l ) F i g u r e 3 4 . C a O i n h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S a m p l e s a r r a n g e d b y i n c r e a s i n g w h o l e p u m i c e S i O 2 c o n t e n t . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m g r a i n e d g e s o n l y . 9 7 I A N H W C N ' U K ' E A b fl C S N H N R . P K X R N I N J E N E X E P u m i c e F r o g . S a m p l e S i 0 2 ( w t % ) “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 5 5 9 : I I I I 0 . 6 9 7 0 . 6 9 7 2 0 . 6 9 8 0 . 6 9 9 0 . 6 9 9 3 H g O / ( H g O + F e O t ) F i g u r e 3 5 . M g # o f h o r n b l e n d e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . M i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s a r e f r o m t h e g r a i n e d g e o n l y . 9 8 O l i v i n e O l i v i n e d o e s n o t o c c u r a s f o r s t e r i t i c p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f o n e g r a i n , b u t i n s t e a d o c c u r s i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a s a M n - r i c h f a y a l i t e . F r o m t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s c h e m e o f M o s s m a n a n d P a w s o n ( 1 9 7 6 ) t h e o l i v i n e p h e n o c r y s t s r a n g e i n c o m p o s i t i o n f r o m i r o n k n e b e l i t e t o k n e b e l i t e o f t h e f a y a l i t e - t e p h r o i t e s o l i d - s o l u t i o n s e r i e s ( t e p h r o i t e i n d e x : T e 2 8 - T e 3 7 ) . C u r r e n t n a m i n g o f o l i v i n e s p e c i e s i s t r e n d i n g a w a y f r o m s p e c i e s s p e c i f i c n a m e s a n d i s m o v i n g t o w a r d s c h e m i c a l m o d i f i e r s . T h u s i n t h i s p a p e r , k n e b e l i t e a n d i r o n k n e b e l i t e w i l l b e r e f e r r e d t o a s m a n g a n o a n f a y a l i t e o r M n - r i c h f a y a l i t e ( F i g . 3 6 ) . A s i n g l e o l i v i n e g r a i n h a v i n g a f o r s t e r i t e c o m p o s i t i o n o f F 0 5 7 w a s i d e n t i f i e d i n s a m p l e A 5 - 6 8 ( 7 4 w t % S i O Z ) o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . T h i s g r a i n m a y b e x e n o c r y s t i c i n o r i g i n . M a n g a n e s e - r i c h f a y a l i t e s h a v e n o t b e e n d o c u m e n t e d i n v o l c a n i c r o c k s p r i o r t o t h i s o c c u r r e n c e a n d a r e m o r e c o m m o n l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h M n - r i c h m e t a s o m a t i z e d s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s s u c h a s t h o s e a t t h e B l u e b e l l M i n e , B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a ( M o s s m a n a n d P a w s o n , 1 9 7 6 ; M i l l s a n d R o s e , 1 9 9 1 ) . P e t r o g r a p h y T h e M n - r i c h f a y a l i t e s f r o m t h i s s t u d y w e r e f i r s t i d e n t i f i e d v i a e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s o n g r a i n m o u n t s m a d e f r o m c r u s h e d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . R e - e x a m i n a t i o n 9 9 F O R S T E R I T E A - n o n i a T a n k s H b r . ( t h i s s t u d y ) M a h o o d ( 1 9 8 ” 8 0 I fl a r s h a w a n d S m i t h ( I 9 8 8 ) D C a r m i c h a e l ( l 9 6 7 ) 6 0 4 0 2 0 I “ 3 . 6 ’ 1 1 . 7 1 . 3 7 . ( 5 u * v v v u u F A Y A L I T E 2 ° 4 ° 6 ° 8 ° T E P H R O W E F i g u r e 3 6 . M a n g a n o a n f a y a l i t e c o m p o s i t i o n s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m e l e c t r o n m i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . O l i v i n e c o m p o s i t i o n s f r o m o t h e r r h y o l i t i c f l o w s a n d t u f f s a r e p l o t t e d f o r r e f e r e n c e . 1 0 0 o f t h i n s e c t i o n s m a d e f r o m t h e o l i v i n e - b e a r i n g p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s r e v e a l e d s e v e r a l p o t e n t i a l g r a i n s . M o s t o f t h e M n - r i c h f a y a l i t e g r a i n s a r e 0 . 1 - 0 . 2 m m i n l e n g t h , a r e h i g h l y b i r e f r i n g e n t , a n d a r e a c i c u l a r i n h a b i t . N o o p t i c a l d a t a c o u l d b e o b t a i n e d d u e t o t h e s m a l l s i z e o f t h e g r a i n s . B a c k s c a t t e r e d e l e c t r o n i m a g e s o f t h e M n - r i c h f a y a l i t e g r a i n s w e r e p h o t o g r a p h e d u s i n g t h e e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e 3 7 . H i g h — m a g n i f i c a t i o n i m a g e s o f t h e M n - r i c h f a y a l i t e p h e n o c r y s t s d i d n o t r e v e a l a n y f i n e - s c a l e s t r u c t u r e . T r a c e P h e n o c r y s t P h a s e s P e t r o g r a p h y S e v e r a l t r a c e p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s a r e p r e s e n t i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . A p a t i t e , c h e v k i n i t e , p e r r i e r i t e , a n d z i r c o n a r e c o m m o n t o b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s . M o n a z i t e a n d s p h e n e o c c u r i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y . A p a t i t e i s u b i q u i t o u s t h r o u g h o u t b o t h m e m b e r s a n d c o m m o n l y o c c u r s a s e u h e d r a l , a c i c u l a r p o i k i o c r y s t s i n p l a g i o c l a s e , b i o t i t e , h o r n b l e n d e , c l i n o p y r o x e n e , a n d m a g n e t i t e . A p a t i t e c a n u s u a l l y b e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h i n t h e g l a s s y m a t r i x o f m o s t p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . T h e p s e u d o m o r p h s , c h e v k i n i t e a n d p e r r i e r i t e ( C e 4 F e 2 T i 3 ( S i Z O 7 ) 2 0 8 a n d ( C a , C e , T h ) 4 ( M g , F e ) 2 ( T i , F e ) 3 S i 4 0 2 2 r e s p e c t i v e l y ( P h i l l i p s a n d G r i f f e n , 1 9 8 1 ) ) , a r e r e l a t i v e l y a i n o m m A e h t n i s t s y r c o n e h p e t i l a y a f n a o n a g n a m f o s h p a r g o r c i m o t o h p n o r t c e l e d e . r r e e t b t m a e c M s - s k k c n a a B T . 7 3 e r u g i F l O l 1 0 2 c o m m o n i n b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . C h e v k i n i t e a n d p e r r i e r i t e a r e m o s t c o m m o n l y f o u n d a s i n c l u s i o n s i n m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e a n d l e s s c o m m o n l y i n c l i n o p y r o x e n e a n d b i o t i t e g r a i n s . T h e y m a y b e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h o t h e r i n c l u s i o n s o f a p a t i t e , z i r c o n , a n d + / - s p h e n e . I n t h i n s e c t i o n , t h e g r a i n s a r e v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h f r o m z i r c o n . S E M i m a g e s o f m a g n e t i t e / i l m e n i t e g r a i n m o u n t s h o w e v e r c a n b e u s e d t o e a s i l y d i s t i n g u i s h c h e v k i n i t e f r o m t h e o t h e r t r a c e p h a s e s a s t h e c h e v k i n i t e g r a i n s a r e t y p i c a l l y b r i g h t w h i t e i n c o l o r ( F i g . 3 8 ) . T h e R E E b e a r i n g p h a s e s , s u c h a s c h e v k i n i t e , a r e s i g n i f i c a n t i n t h a t t h e y s t r o n g l y c o n t r o l t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s o f t h e l i g h t r a r e - e l e m e n t s i n d a c i t i c t o r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s ( c f . M i c h a e l , 1 9 8 8 ) . Z i r c o n i s m o s t c o m m o n l y f o u n d w i t h i n m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s a n d l e s s c o m m o n l y w i t h i n b i o t i t e a n d c l i n o p y r o x e n e p h e n o c r y s t s . T h e z i r c o n s a r e u s u a l l y e u h e d r a l a n d h a v e s e c o n d - o r d e r b i r e f r i n g e n c e . M o n a z i t e w a s o n l y i d e n t i f i e d i n a f e w m a f i c s i l i c a t e g r a i n m o u n t s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . I n t h i n s e c t i o n , m o n a z i t e w a s o n l y p o s i t i v e l y i d e n t i f i e d a s a n i n c l u s i o n i n b i o t i t e i n s a m p l e R 8 - 2 3 ( 6 7 w t % S i O Z ) o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . G r a i n s o f m o n a z i t e w e r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e m i c r o p r o b e m o u n t s . W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) h o w e v e r , h a v e i n d i c a t e d t h a t m o n a z i t e m a y b e m o r e c o m m o n i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r l 0 3 F i g u r e 3 8 . I l m e n i t e g r a i n f r o m s a m p l e R 2 3 — l 3 w i t h i n c l u s i o n s o f c h e v k i n i t e ( w h i t e ) , z i r c o n ( w h i t e , s q u a r e o u t l i n e s ) a n d a p a t i t e ( d a r k e l o n g a t e i n c l u s i o n s ) . S c a l e b a r o n t h e b o t t o m r i g h t o f t h e p h o t o i s 1 0 0 m i c r o n s l o n g . 1 0 4 t h a n w a s f o u n d i n t h i s s t u d y . T h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s m o n a z i t e f r e e . S p h e n e i s a b u n d a n t i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a n d s p a r s e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h e r e f o r e , i t h a s b e e n u s e d a s a n i n d i c a t o r m i n e r a l b y s e v e r a l w o r k e r s f o r p e t r o g r a p h i c a l l y d i s t i n g u i s h i n g s a m p l e s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s a n d R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s c o l l e c t e d d u r i n g d r i l l i n g ( c f . B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ) . P h e n o c r y s t s o f s p h e n e a r e r e a d i l y i d e n t i f i a b l e i n t h i n s e c t i o n b y t h e i r h i g h r e l i e f , l i g h t b r o w n c o l o r , a n d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c w e d g e s h a p e . T h e s e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e u s u a l l y f o u n d a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e m a f i c s i l i c a t e p h e n o c r y s t s s u c h a s b i o t i t e a n d c l i n o p y r o x e n e . S B M i m a g i n g a l s o s h o w s s p h e n e a s a c o m m o n i n c l u s i o n i n m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t r a c h y d a c i t i c t o r h y o l i t i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s . T h e p r e s e n c e o f a b u n d a n t s p h e n e a n d p a u c i t y o f i l m e n i t e i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a s o p p o s e d t o t h e r e v e r s e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , m a y b e a f u n c t i o n o f m a g m a t i c o x y g e n f u g a c i t y a n d s i l i c a a c t i v i t y w h i c h w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d i n a l a t e r s e c t i o n . G l a s s C h e m i s t r y C o m p o s i t i o n a l d a t a f o r t h e m a t r i x g l a s s e s ( d e t e r m i n e d b y e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e ) o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f r e v e a l s d i s t i n c t d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n g l a s s e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s 1 0 5 M e m b e r . A s s h o u l d b e e x p e c t e d , g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r b o t h m e m b e r s b e c o m e m o r e f e l s i c i n a s y s t e m a t i c f a s h i o n f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . D i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s o f R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o r A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c a n b e m a d e i n m o s t c a s e s u s i n g t h e g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o r h y o l i t e s a m p l e s . T h e o v e r a l l g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a r e t y p i c a l l y m o r e m a f i c t h a n t h o s e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a r e d i f f i c u l t t o d i s t i n g u i s h b a s e d o n m a j o r - e l e m e n t g l a s s c h e m i s t r y ; t h i s i n c l u d e s d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e h i g h - N b a n d l o w - N b h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . H i s t o g r a m s o f S i O Z , A 1 2 0 3 , F e O , K Z O , C a O , a n d T i o z f r o m g l a s s a n a l y s e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a r e d i s t i n c t l y p o l y m o d a l ( F i g . 3 9 a - f ) . S i l i c a c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f g l a s s e s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h a v e a n a b s o l u t e r a n g e o f 6 8 . 1 1 w t % S i O 2 t o 7 8 . 1 5 w t % S i O Z . T h e m o s t m a f i c c o m p o s i t i o n s o f g l a s s d o n o t h o w e v e r o c c u r i n t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t . G l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s i n t h e 6 8 w t % t o 6 9 w t % S i 0 2 r a n g e o c c u r i n s e v e r a l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s h a v i n g b u l k 5 1 0 2 v a l u e s r a n g i n g f r o m 6 1 w t % t o 7 6 w t % 8 1 0 2 ( F i g . 3 9 a ) . T h i s i s a l s o c o n s i s t e n t f o r o t h e r e l e m e n t a l c o m p o n e n t s s u c h a s F 8 0 , A 1 2 0 3 , T 2 1 0 2 , a n d B a O . 1 0 6 F r e g . 1 3 7 0 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e g . S a m p l e 5 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 6 4 - 1 1 I : I , R I B - 1 6 7 7 5 — 1 2 . . ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M l l l h h fl R 1 1 - 7 7 6 5 - 2 . . = 1 1 1 1 “ 1 8 ’ 2 7 5 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 — 5 2 . 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 R 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 l i I I I 3 “ I . 4 4 = 1 1 1 l u l n n 1 . 1 1 “ 8 ' ' 1 1 ' n 2 1 - 1 6 9 2 ‘ " 1 1 1 1 p H ! 1 1 1 R 8 - 2 5 6 7 5 . . 2 : ‘ 1 1 t h 1 1 1 R 8 ~ 4 5 6 6 ( O : ' I ' I l = 1 1 u h l , 1 1 R 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 v 1 — I V I 4 - i B 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 — 5 6 1 2 — ‘ — — — — — H U J L J - 1 1 1 R 2 3 — 2 4 6 o 6 - I I I - 1 1 1 J | 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 - 2 7 5 8 5 - 2 : : 1 g ; ¢ . 1 1 1 R 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 7 0 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 5 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 3 9 a . H i s t o g r a m s o f g l a s s y m a t r i x c o m p o s i t i o n s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s d e t e r m i n e d b y e l e c t r o n m i c r 0 p r o b e a n a l y s i s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S i 0 2 . 1 0 7 F r e g . 1 2 8 6 b 2 1 2 . 0 1 3 . 2 1 4 . 4 1 5 . 6 1 6 . 8 1 8 . 0 C o m o r i t e P u m i c e F r c g . 9 J ’ S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) 3 . 1 A l I = 1 u h . 1 1 R 1 8 _ 1 6 7 7 5 - " l l L l U l 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 3 1 1 - 7 7 6 7 . . z : I R I B - 2 7 1 1 “ ] e e 1 1 1 8 u 1 5 5 3 " 1 l “ 1 1 1 1 1 n u 1 1 n 1 R 2 3 — 1 3 7 o 3 . . . . 1 1 8 - 4 4 - ‘ 1 1 1 l l h fl 1 1 9 1 1 R Z I - l 6 9 2 : : 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 R B - Z S 6 7 a - T I I I Y I " ‘ 1 . _ _ 1 _ . _ . I . u l l l _ _ _ . _ 1 _ 1 1 8 — 4 5 6 6 l . — 1 - l ; ; 1 Q ! I 1 ' ; : R 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 2 : 1 1 1 1 1 I N ! “ 1 l R l l - S 6 1 2 1 . 1 1 1 1 J l fl l 1 l 1 8 2 3 — 2 4 6 0 5 — : 1 1 1 1 “ I I “ I 1 1 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 3 — 1 2 . 0 1 3 . 2 1 4 . 4 1 5 . 6 1 6 . 8 1 8 . 0 4 1 2 0 3 ( u 1 1 ) F i g u r e 3 9 b . A 1 2 0 3 i n p u m i c e o u s g i a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 2 1 ~ d b d 1 0 8 R A I N I E R M E S A E B B . G L A S S F r e g . 1 4 1 2 1 0 i 2 J 1 1 1 1 ; ! I 1 1 % 0 . 7 1 . 4 2 . 1 2 . 8 3 . 5 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e . S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) ’ 1 1 H 1 ‘ m i 1 1 R l 8 - 1 6 7 7 9 _ . fl = : 3 U 1 1 I ; 1 R l l — ‘ I 7 6 E ; R I B - 2 r fl h fl “ ! ‘ 4 1 1 8 2 1 - 5 7 5 7 . _ n h u _ m 1 i 1 a 1 . R 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 = J ] 1 L 1 1 i t s — [ . 4 [ ‘ T 1 1 2 1 — 1 6 9 4 % d b 2 = J ' 1 1 l 1 1 e 1 1 : 1 8 8 - 2 5 6 7 5 — = , _ _ l _ | . _ l l . L u l 1 1 1 1 1 8 - 4 5 ( , 6 I I 7 . . ‘ " ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 — 2 6 6 4 2 = : 1 1 ” [ 1 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 R l l - S 6 1 2 : : l 1 ! ” 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 8 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 l I I W I 2 : J i l l l l L L 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 3 . . — - 1 1 A 1 1 1 “ “ 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 0 . 7 1 . 4 2 . 1 2 . 8 3 . 5 F e O ( w t % ) F i g u r e 3 9 c . F e O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 1 0 9 R A I N I E R R E S A M B R . G L A S S F r e g . 1 8 1 4 1 . 2 2 . 4 3 . 6 4 . 8 6 . 0 7 . 2 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e [ 1 3 3 ; S a m p l e 5 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 7 2 = l 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 “ 1 1 [ ( 1 8 - 1 6 7 7 5 a n = 1 1 1 1 1 l fi 1 J L I L I l n — L J 1 1 1 1 — 7 7 6 - I ' l l l l l l l l I R 1 8 - 2 I , = ‘ i i l 1 1 2 1 - 5 7 5 3 - 1 1 1 - I ' I 1 " 1 1 1 2 3 — 1 3 7 o : 1 L i l — [ H 1 1 8 - 4 4 1 1 fi ‘ ‘ [ 3 1 R 2 1 - 1 6 9 = 1 1 1 J 1 fl | _ | _ 1 _ d R 8 - 2 5 6 7 fl = 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 8 - 4 5 6 6 l . = v I fl I = 1 1 1 1 4 4 t h . — 8 2 3 — 2 6 6 4 3 _ J = 1 1 1 1 J l l l - l l l L — 1 — 1 1 1 1 - 5 6 1 6 _ . _ ‘ 1 1 I J » 1 1 R 2 3 — 2 4 6 0 2 . — ‘ 1 1 1 1 J l l L l l , _ _ 1 _ . R 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 5 . — - ‘ 1 1 1 - I I I 1 R 2 1 — l 3 5 7 1 . 2 2 . 4 3 . 6 4 . 8 6 . 0 7 . 2 K 2 0 ( w t l ) F i g u r e 3 9 d . K 2 0 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . l1 o a a l ~ l ¢ l l l l l l 9 l ¢ l n 1 I , J N O I I “ L l l l l l l l b i n h D ‘ I b d ’ 1 b d P d - F i g u r e 3 9 e . C a O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . 1 1 0 R A I N I E R W S A M B R . F r e g . 2 3 . . . 1 7 — 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 . 0 F r e g . o n v 0 I ] . h I . I . ' I 1 1 2 l g G I A S S l C o m p o s i t e . J L . L J J L + — — — # L — 1 ' 1 i . “ h " " 1 a n I 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 fl = I n [ L U L l I a 1 — 7 F I m . 1 l . I 1 | | | l l 1 l . = 1 m " ! 1 I l I q fl u p G . I . . L V 1 _ fl fl 1 d l l I l 1 I 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 C a O ( w t % ) I | | | | | | l l I I V 2 . 5 P u m i c e S a m p l e 5 1 0 2 ( w t % ) R I B - l 6 7 7 R 1 1 - 7 7 6 R Z I - S 8 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 R 8 - 4 4 R 2 1 - 1 6 9 8 8 - 2 5 6 7 3 8 - 4 5 6 6 R 2 3 — 2 6 6 6 R l l - S 6 1 R 2 3 - 2 6 6 0 R 2 3 — 2 7 5 8 R 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 _ _ _ _ + _ 1 “ = _ = a l l I F i g u r e 3 9 f . T i O 2 i n p u m i c e o I I u J fl L | 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 I 1 1 ' s g l a s s , R a i n i e r M e 3 R 8 2 s - 3 6 - 5 2 6 6 6 6 a a M e m b e r . J u 1 H F r e g . 1 5 1 1 3 6 I 4 2 [ A : 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 3 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 5 P u m i c e f r o g . C o m p o s i t e S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) 6 . 4 = = I “ ! l 1 1 , ; R 1 8 — 1 6 7 7 7 — " ' 1 ' 1 1 l 1 1 n 1 1 - 7 7 6 5 . . " R I B - 2 = l l l l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 — 5 7 5 3 _ _ . " 1 1 h " ' 1 1 1 1 R 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 5 ‘ l 2 ; 0 8 - 6 6 1 ' l l ‘ 1 1 1 1 : 3 2 1 - 1 6 9 3 ‘ = 1 _ 1 1 I L I 1 I 1 1 1 1 8 - 2 5 6 7 5 ' I I ' I 3 1 1 — 5 6 1 I . 1 » q E I . u p R 2 3 - 2 6 6 0 : 1 J u l . — : 5 3 i R 2 3 - 2 7 5 8 “ “ I u 1 1 R 2 1 - l 3 5 7 0 . 1 5 0 . 3 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 5 1 1 0 2 ( 0 : 1 ) 1 1 2 C o n v e r s e l y , c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f S i O Z , A 1 2 0 3 , F e O , K 2 0 , C a O a n d T i 0 2 i n t h e g l a s s m a t r i x o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , v a r y s y s t e m a t i c a l l y f r o m t h e l o w e r t o h i g h e r w h o l e - p u m i c e s i l i c a c o n t e n t s ( F i g . 4 0 a - f ) . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f g l a s s e s f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e a t 6 4 w t % 8 1 0 2 d o n o t c h a n g e s i g n i f i c a n t l y . G l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a r e c o n s t a n t f r o m w h o l e p u m i c e s i l i c a v a l u e s o f 7 2 w t % 8 1 0 2 t o 7 8 w t % S i O Z . B e t w e e n 6 4 w t % S i O Z a n d 7 2 w t % S i 0 2 t h e g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s v a r y i n a s y s t e m a t i c f a s h i o n . W i t h i n t h i s i n t e r v a l , t h e v a r i o u s m a j o r e l e m e n t o x i d e s e i t h e r i n c r e a s e o r d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n a s t h e w h o l e - p u m i c e S i 0 2 i n c r e a s e s . I n s a m p l e s R 8 - 2 5 ( 6 7 w t % S i O z ) a n d R 1 1 - 5 ( 6 1 w t % S i 0 2 ) t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n o m a l o u s g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s ( 6 8 w t % a n d 6 9 w t % S i 0 2 r e s p e c t i v e l y ) m a y r e p r e s e n t a m o r e m a f i c c o m p o n e n t n o t r e c o g n i z e d i n t h e b u l k p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s ( A p p e n d i x 3 ) . G e o t h e r m o m e t r y a n d G e o b a r o m e t r y F e - T i O x i d e G e o t h e r m o m e t r y A s c o m p o s i t i o n a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l g r a d i e n t s i n a s h - f l o w s h e e t s a r e g e n e r a l l y a c k n o w l e d g e d t o r e p r e s e n t p r e - e r u p t i v e g r a d i e n t s i n t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a c h a m b e r , s y s t e m a t i c v a r i a t i o n s i n c a l c u l a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e s f r o m F e - T i o x i d e p h e n o c r y s t s c o l l e c t e d f r o m a s h - f l o w s h e e t s m a y a l s o b e i n t e r p r e t e d t o r e p r e s e n t p r e - e r u p t i v e m a g m a t i c 1 1 3 A M A T A M S 6 B R . G L A S S F r e . 1 0 : 8 2 : 6 . : I » : 2 ; 6 3 6 6 6 9 7 2 7 5 7 8 C o m p o s i t e P u m i c e F r e . S a m p l e 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 2 : 1 1 2 1 — 1 8 1 1 5 — 3 7 o f % i i i 1 ' l l ! ‘ A 5 - 3 A S - S G 7 8 l . : 1 1 1 5 - 2 9 1 i i fi ‘ i ” l l A 5 — 7 9 7 7 2 . . fl 1 1 1 1 1 “ 1 1 1 5 - 6 8 7 6 I v I 1 l I 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 5 - 3 5 7 3 r l 1 I I I 3 _ a 3 " l . _ 7 1 5 - 9 1 i i i : 1 l ‘ 1 1 5 - 6 5 7 ” l — 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 A S - 5 8 6 9 ' V I I I t 3 . . “ 1 l 1 i l l 1 4 1 1 1 A 5 - 7 l 6 7 3 - " 1 1 l l ] 1 1 1 A 5 - 3 0 6 6 T I r I I I 1 fl 1 I I I l 1 1 1 1 7 1 5 — 7 2 6 1 . 3 — 1 I I ! 1 1 1 1 , A 5 - 6 3 6 2 2 " ‘ J 1 l l 1 1 1 A 5 — 6 9 6 1 I I I I l 2 1 I I I . 1 1 1 1 , A 5 — 7 5 5 9 l I I 6 3 6 6 6 9 7 2 7 5 7 a 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 0 a . S i O 2 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 1 4 F r c 1 A U M I R C I U U A ' T I U M V H S I I B E L < 3 L fi fi i s m 1 3 - ‘ I 1 1 L l “ 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 2 . 5 1 5 . 0 1 7 . 5 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 5 P u n 1 c e F r e . C o m p o s i t e S a m p l e 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 3 j l j 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 - 1 8 1 5 — 3 7 7 8 A 5 — 3 A 5 — 5 6 5 - = A 5 - 7 9 I l l ‘ ? * * 1 5 — 2 9 7 7 5 - I 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 A 5 - 6 8 7 a 3 — I 1 l l 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 3 5 7 3 I . — 1 ~ L k - A I * 1 I 1 1 1 § A 5 - 9 7 0 A S — G S 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 , A 5 - 5 8 6 9 3 : l . 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 1 6 7 ( O - ‘ I 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 5 _ 3 0 6 6 2 : 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 2 6 0 3 J 1 1 [ l l 1 1 A 5 - 6 3 6 2 2 0 — 1 1 1 5 ' 1 ' ] 1 1 A 5 - 6 9 6 1 2 . . 1 1 “ l l 1 1 1 5 - 7 5 5 9 1 2 . 5 1 5 . 0 1 7 . 5 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 5 A 1 2 0 3 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 0 b . A 1 2 0 3 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 1 5 1 A N I W I I M U A ' t A b U C S N I N R . ( 3 n g y s F r e g . 1 o 2 0 . 7 . 4 O O O l 2 1 2 8 3 5 P u m i c e F r o g . C o m p o s i t e S a m p l e 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) 4 4 I - A 2 1 — 1 8 A 5 - 3 7 l l l l J 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 3 A 5 - 5 6 7 8 3 . 1 - ‘ l I “ I . l L 1 . # A 5 - 7 9 7 7 ' r 4 7 ’ 1 5 - 2 9 1 ‘ 1 1 m l 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 6 8 7 a 1 J I l l ] 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 3 5 7 3 I I I I I 2 ‘ 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 — — - 1 A 4 - 7 o 7 2 2 = A 5 - 9 l I I 1 1 4 1 1 A 5 - 6 5 7 ° 1 . 1 1 1 “ 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 1 6 7 2 1 . 1 ‘ I I I ! 1 1 A S — J O 6 6 2 . . i # 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 5 - 7 2 6 4 3 — 1 1 a — J 1 1 1 l 1 * ' 1 A 5 - 6 3 6 2 2 _ 1 1 1 l l ! 1 A 5 — 6 9 6 1 2 : 1 1 1 l I I ! I 1 A 5 - 7 5 5 9 0 . 7 1 . 4 2 . 1 2 . 8 3 . 5 F e O ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 0 c . F e O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 1 6 F r e g . A M M O N I A T A N G m G L A S S 1 o 8 6 l ; 2 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 M M 1 . 5 3 . 0 a 5 6 . 0 7 . 5 , P u m l c e F r l fl s . ‘ C o m p o s i t e S a m p l e S i O 2 ( w t % ) J A 2 1 - 1 8 1 1 5 — 3 7 7 8 . 1 I 1 1 1 1 5 — 3 1 1 5 — 5 6 1 1 fi ‘ 1 1 3 - ‘ l = 1 1 5 . 7 9 1 1 1 I l l ] 1 1 A 5 — 2 9 7 7 2 : 1 1 1 [ l l 1 1 1 1 5 - 6 3 7 1 . 1 l fl 1 — l 2 _ 1 1 1 [ l l 1 A 5 - 3 5 7 3 l — . e I l l ” 1 1 1 1 4 — 7 0 7 2 I I I I I 2 : A 5 — 9 1 1 1 1 ” 1 ' 1 A 5 - 6 5 7 0 I — A 1 1 f 1 I 1 A 5 — 5 8 6 9 2 : 1 1 1 1 | fl | h 1 A 5 - 7 l 6 7 2 _ ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 3 O 6 6 2 : 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 A 5 - 7 2 6 a 2 = l 1 1 I I I 1 A 5 - 6 3 6 2 I f I r l 3 . 1 " 1 1 1 l l ! 1 A 5 - 6 9 6 1 2 = 1 1 : l l l l 1 _ 1 1 1 5 - 7 5 5 9 1 . 5 3 . 0 4 . 5 6 . 0 7 . 5 K 2 0 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 0 d . K 2 0 i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . F i g u r e 4 0 e . : 1 l | | 1 1 1 l l l | 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 l l 1 l I 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 F r e . C o m p o s i t e 2 . 1 “ d I n 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 ‘ 1 | 4 1 1 1 1 3 . . — l l : 1 L 1 1 I I I I I 2 : “ 1 1 1 l l 1 l I I i l T " ' J " l 1 1 1 1 1 I I r I I 1 - 1 ' 1 1 l l 1 I I I I T 2 d 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 I I r I I 3 _ ‘ 1 I I I . 1 1 1 I I I 1 . — 1 l 1 _ l l l l 1 1 I l I I T 2 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I 2 . . 1 1 1 h 1 1 1 I I I I 2 1 : 1 1 1 1 1 “ I I I I I 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 C a O ( v t l ) P u m i c e S a m p l e 5 1 0 2 ( w t % ) A 2 1 - 1 8 A 5 - 3 7 7 8 A 5 - 3 A 5 - 5 6 A 5 — 7 9 A 5 - 2 9 7 7 A 5 — 6 8 7 6 A 5 - 3 5 7 3 A 4 - 7 0 7 2 A 5 — 9 A 5 — 6 5 7 O A 5 - 5 8 6 9 A 5 - 7 l 6 7 A 5 — 3 O 6 6 A 5 - 7 2 6 4 A 5 - 6 3 6 2 A 5 — 6 9 6 1 A 5 - 7 S 5 9 C a O i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 ' 1 8 A M M O N I A T m N B R G L A S S F r o g . 6 l ; 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 8 0 . 6 0 C o m p o s i t e 1 , “ i m C ? F r o g . S a m p l e 5 1 0 2 3 - I l l ! [ 1 1 4 1 1 A 2 1 - 1 8 1 5 - 3 7 7 8 4 _ 1 5 - 3 A 5 - 5 6 — l I l l 1 l 4 1 1 § A 5 - 7 9 7 7 1 1 ' ' 1 5 - 2 9 1 _ l l 1 1 1 l g ; 1 1 A 5 — 6 8 7 4 2 . 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 — 3 5 7 3 2 - — — 1 1 1 1 l 1 | 1 4 7 1 g 1 4 . 7 0 7 2 2 " 1 — ' 1 l , 1 l l 1 1 1 “ 5 ‘ 9 1 1 7 ‘ 7 1 ' A 5 — 6 5 7 ° 1 _ . 1 1 1 1 1 1 A 5 — 5 8 6 9 2 — i 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 - 7 1 6 7 1 . 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 l ; l 1 1 5 — 3 0 6 6 2 - — 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 ; ] 1 5 _ 7 2 6 4 1 . 1 1 1 , g l 1 1 " ; A 5 - 6 3 6 2 1 _ . 2 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 ” 1 5 - 7 5 5 9 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 8 0 . 6 0 1 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 0 f . T i O z i n p u m i c e o u s g l a s s , A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 1 9 t e m p e r a t u r e s ( B u d d i n g t o n a n d L i n d s l e y , 1 9 6 4 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 7 1 ; S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) . T e m p e r a t u r e a n d O x y g e n F u g a c i t y C a l c u l a t i o n s R e c a l c u l a t i o n o f u l v o s p i n e l a n d h e m a t i t e c o m p o s i t i o n s u s i n g t h e t e c h n i q u e o f A n d e r s e n a n d L i n d s l e y ( 1 9 8 8 ) f o r d a t a p r e s e n t e d b y L i p m a n ( 1 9 7 1 ) f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r r a n g e f r o m 7 6 6 0 C , - 1 2 . 1 5 l o g £ 0 2 f o r r h y o l i t i c s a m p l e s ( 7 7 w t % 5 1 0 2 ) t o 8 3 8 0 C , - 1 0 . 8 8 l o g £ 0 2 f o r s a m p l e s o f t r a c h y d a c i t e ( 6 6 w t % S i O Z ) . E s t i m a t e s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r a n g e f r o m 7 6 3 0 C , - 1 2 . 1 5 f 0 2 i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o 8 7 2 0 c , - l O . 6 3 l o g £ 0 2 i n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e . N e w t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y c a l c u l a t i o n s f r o m t h i s s t u d y e x h i b i t a s i g n i f i c a n t l y l a r g e r r a n g e i n v a l u e s t h a n t h o s e o f L i p m a n ( 1 9 7 1 ) ( F i g . 4 1 ) ( T a b l e 4 ) . T h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r v a r i e s f r o m 7 5 5 0 C , - 1 3 . 0 9 l o g £ 0 2 f o r t h e h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e t o 8 9 7 0 c , — 1 o . 5 7 l o g £ 0 2 f o r t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e . T h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r e x h i b i t s a s i m i l a r r a n g e i n t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y ( T a b l e 4 ) . M i n i m u m t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d a t a i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o c c u r i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a t 7 2 7 O C , - l 3 . 8 6 l o g f 0 2 w h i l e t h e m a x i m u m t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y o c c u r i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e a t 9 0 3 O C , - 1 0 . 9 6 l o g £ 0 2 . A l l c a l c u l a t e d v a l u e s f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f l i e w i t h i n t h e b o u n d a r y c u r v e s f o r t h e 2 0 f - 1 2 0 R A I N I E R M E S A M B R . ( t n 1 s s t u d y ) + A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . ( t h i s s t u d y ) 0 R A I N I E R M E S A M B R . ( L i p m a n . 1 9 7 1 ) A A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . [ L 1 p m a n . 1 9 7 1 ) L L I L J I J [ A l l I I A l l 1 4 k k l l l l L l L 4 1 l I I J L L I _ 2 0 l n 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 o 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 D e g r e e s ( C ) F i g u r e 4 1 . T e m p e r a t u r e v e r s u s f 0 d i a g r a m d e r i v e d f r o m F e - T i o x i d e p h e n o c r y s t d a t a f o r t a e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . D a t a a r e f r o m t h i s s t u d y a n d f r o m L i p m a n ( 1 9 7 1 ) . 1 2 1 T a b l e 4 . F e - T i o x i d e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d a t a f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . S a m p l e # S i O 1 T e m p 2 £ 0 2 ( w t 1 ( C C ) R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R L I P 1 7 7 8 8 2 6 - 1 0 . 4 7 L I P 1 4 7 7 8 1 5 - 1 0 . 5 9 L I P 1 5 7 7 8 1 2 - 1 0 . 6 7 L I P 1 6 7 7 8 1 5 - 1 0 . 5 5 R 1 8 - l 6 7 7 7 9 6 - 1 2 . 2 5 R 1 1 - 7 7 6 7 5 5 - 1 3 . 0 9 R 1 8 - 2 7 5 7 7 3 - 1 2 . 8 6 R 2 1 - 5 7 5 8 1 9 - 1 1 . 5 6 R 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 8 6 3 - 1 1 . 3 1 L I P 1 8 6 9 8 7 5 - 9 . 8 1 R 8 - 4 4 6 9 8 5 5 - l l . 1 8 R 2 1 - 1 6 9 8 5 5 - l l . 1 5 L I P 1 9 6 8 8 8 0 - 9 . 7 3 R 8 - 2 5 6 7 8 6 9 - 1 0 . 9 4 R 8 - 4 5 6 6 8 6 4 - 1 0 . 9 7 R 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 8 8 2 - 1 0 . 8 2 R l l - S 6 1 8 7 3 - 1 0 . 8 3 R 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 8 8 7 - 1 0 . 8 4 R 2 3 - 2 7 5 8 8 9 0 - 1 0 . 7 4 R 2 1 - l 3 5 7 8 9 7 - l O . 5 7 A M M O N I A . T A N K S M E M B E R L I P 2 0 7 7 8 0 6 - 1 0 . 0 6 L I P 2 1 7 7 8 0 1 - 1 0 . 5 2 L I P 2 2 7 7 8 0 1 - 1 0 . 6 0 L I P 2 3 7 7 8 0 9 - 1 0 . 5 7 A 4 - 7 O 7 2 8 1 8 - 1 1 . 9 1 A 5 - 3 7 8 7 2 7 - 1 3 . 8 6 A 5 - 9 7 0 8 0 6 - 1 2 . 1 6 A 5 - 2 9 7 7 7 4 4 - 1 3 . 5 1 L I P 2 4 6 8 8 9 5 - 9 . 8 9 L I P 2 5 6 6 8 8 7 - 9 . 7 5 A 5 - 3 0 6 6 8 8 0 - 1 1 . 0 1 A 5 - 3 5 a 7 3 7 9 7 - 1 2 . 2 1 A 5 - 3 5 b 7 3 7 8 7 - 1 2 . 4 3 A 5 - 3 7 7 8 7 3 9 ~ 1 3 . 5 9 A 5 - 5 8 6 9 8 1 2 - 1 2 . 4 8 A 5 - 6 8 7 4 7 7 4 - l 3 . 0 9 A 5 - 7 1 6 7 8 6 0 - 1 1 . 6 9 A 5 - 7 2 6 4 9 0 3 - 1 0 . 9 6 i W h o l e - p u m i c e s i l i c a c o n c e n t r a t i o n 2 A n d e r s e n a n d L i n d s l e y , 1 9 8 8 1 2 2 n i c k e l - n i c k e l o x i d e ( N N O ) a n d t h e m a g n e t i t e - n i c k e l o x i d e ( M N O ) b u f f e r s o f B u d d i n g t o n a n d L i n d s l e y ( 1 9 6 4 ) ( F i g . 4 1 ) . T h e t e x t u r a l c o n d i t i o n o f t h e m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y i s p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 5 . C o e x i s t i n g F e l d s p a r s a n d F e - T i O x i d e s T h e c o e x i s t e n c e o f p l a g i o c l a s e , s a n i d i n e , a n d F e - T i o x i d e s i n m a n y o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f i s c o n d u c i v e t o t h e u s e o f t w o - f e l d s p a r , F e - T i o x i d e g e o t h e r m o m e t r y / g e o b a r o m e t r y . T w o - f e l d s p a r g e o t h e r m o m e t e r s a n d g e o b a r o m e t e r s h a v e b e e n i n e x i s t e n c e s i n c e o r i g i n a l s t u d i e s b y B a r t h ( 1 9 3 4 ) . C o n t i n u a l r e f i n e m e n t s t o t h e m o d e l s h a v e l e d t o m o r e a c c u r a t e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d p r e s s u r e e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e f e l d s p a r a s s e m b l a g e s ( B a r t h , 1 9 5 1 ; P e r c h u c k a n d R y a b c h i k o v , 1 9 6 8 ; S t o r m e r , 1 9 7 5 ; B r o w n a n d P a r s o n s , 1 9 8 1 ) . M a n y w o r k e r s h a v e a p p l i e d t h e s e m o d e l s t o i g n e o u s a n d h i g h - g r a d e m e t a m o r p h i c r o c k s ( c f . W h i t n e y a n d S t o r m e r , 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 7 7 , 1 9 8 5 ; B o h l e n a n d E s s e n e , 1 9 7 7 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 1 ; C z a m a n s k e , e t a l . , 1 9 8 1 ; G r e e n a n d U s d a n s k y , 1 9 8 6 ; G r u n d e r a n d B o d e n , 1 9 8 7 ) . F o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , t e m p e r a t u r e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d f o r c o e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r s u s i n g t h e p r o g r a m " M T H E R M 3 . B A S " ( F u h r m a n a n d L i n d s l e y , 1 9 8 8 ) . P l a g i o c l a s e - s a n i d i n e p a i r s w e r e s e l e c t e d s u c h t h a t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e w i t h i n a g i v e n s a m p l e w a s r e p r e s e n t e d . O n l y 1 2 3 T a b l e 5 . T e x t u r a l c o n d i t i o n o f m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s a n a l y z e d f o r g e o t h e r m o m e t r y i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . S a m p l e W h o l e P u m i c e n u m b e r S i O z C o n t e n t 1 M a g n e t i t e 2 I l m e n i t e R 2 1 - 1 3 5 7 w t % F r F r R 2 3 - 2 7 5 8 w t % S 1 . E x F r R 2 3 - 2 4 6 0 w t % F r F r R 1 1 - 5 6 1 w t % 8 1 . E x F r R 2 3 - 2 6 6 4 w t % 8 1 . E x F r R 8 - 4 5 6 6 w t % F r F r R 8 - 2 5 6 7 w t % E x E x R 8 - 4 4 6 9 w t % F r F r R 2 1 - 1 6 9 w t % E x F r R 2 3 - 1 3 7 0 w t % 8 1 . E x F r R 1 8 - 2 7 5 w t % F r F r R 2 1 - 5 7 5 w t % E x F r R 1 1 - 7 7 6 w t % F r F r R I B - 1 6 7 7 w t % S 1 . E x F r A 5 - 7 2 6 4 w t % E x F r A 5 - 3 0 6 6 w t % E x F r A S - 7 1 6 7 w t % E x F r A 5 - 5 8 6 9 w t % E x F r A 5 - 9 7 0 w t % 8 1 . E x F r A 4 - 7 0 7 2 w t % E x F r A 5 - 3 5 7 3 w t % F r F r A 5 - 6 8 7 4 w t % F r F r A 5 - 2 9 7 7 w t % F r F r A 5 - 7 9 7 7 w t % E x F r A 5 - 3 7 8 w t % F r F r A 5 - 3 7 7 8 w t % F r F r 1 C a l c u l a t e d 1 0 0 % a n h y d r o u s 2 P r = F r e s h 3 1 . E x = S l i g h t l y e x s o l v e d E x = E x s o l v e d 1 2 4 p h e n o c r y s t e d g e c o m p o s i t i o n s f r o m w h o l e - p h e n o c r y s t g r a i n m o u n t s a n d f r o m t h i n s e c t i o n w e r e u s e d i n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s . T e m p e r a t u r e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e m o l e f r a c t i o n o f a l b i t e , a n o r t h i t e , k s p a r , a n d c e l s i a n i n t h e p l a g i o c l a s e a n d s a n i d i n e p h e n o c r y s t s a t v a r i o u s p r e s s u r e s . W i t h i n t h e p r o g r a m , t h e s e m o l e f r a c t i o n s w e r e r u n t h r o u g h a n i t e r a t i v e p r o c e s s i n w h i c h o n e c o m p o s i t i o n w a s h e l d c o n s t a n t w h i l e t h e o t h e r c o m p o s i t i o n s w e r e v a r i e d i n i n c r e a s i n g i n c r e m e n t s o f 0 . 5 % u n t i l a t o t a l c h a n g e o f 2 . 0 % w a s r e a c h e d . A s s o o n a s a b e s t f i t c o m p o s i t i o n w a s r e a c h e d , t h e p r o g r a m p r i n t e d o u t t h e c a l c u l a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e . I f a b e s t f i t w a s n o t a c h i e v e d o n c e t h e 2 . 0 % i n c r e m e n t w a s r e a c h e d , t h e c a l c u l a t e d t e m p e r a t u r e w a s p r i n t e d w i t h a w a r n i n g . F o r t h i s s t u d y , o n l y t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s w h i c h f e l l w i t h i n t h e a c c e p t a b l e l i m i t s o f t h e m o d e l w e r e u s e d . A l l p h e n o c r y s t p a i r s s e l e c t e d w e r e r u n t h r o u g h t h e p r o g r a m a t v a r i o u s p r e s s u r e s . I n s o m e c a s e s , a b e s t f i t c o u l d b e o b t a i n e d t h r o u g h a r a n g e o f p r e s s u r e s , b u t t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s w i t h t h e l o w e s t e r r o r w e r e u s u a l l y a c h i e v e d a t 1 k b a r . S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y ( 1 9 8 5 ) d e v e l o p e d a m e t h o d u s i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e s c a l c u l a t e d f r o m b o t h F e - T i o x i d e s a n d c o e x i s t i n g p l a g i o c l a s e a n d a l k a l i f e l d s p a r s t o d e r i v e t h e p r e s s u r e a t w h i c h t h e f e l d s p a r s a n d F e - T i o x i d e s w e r e m o s t l i k e l y i n e q u i l i b r i u m . B a s e d o n t h e w o r k o f R u m b l e ( 1 9 6 9 ; i n S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y , 1 9 8 5 ) t h e F e - T i o x i d e 1 2 5 g e o t h e r m o m e t e r i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t e m p e r a t u r e u p t o 1 0 k b a r s . T h e f e l d s p a r g e o t h e r m o m e t e r o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , i s s t r o n g l y d e p e n d a n t o n p r e s s u r e . F o r e v e r y 1 k b a r i n c r e a s e i n p r e s s u r e t h e t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e s b y 1 8 0 C ( B r o w n a n d P a r s o n s , 1 9 8 1 ; S t o r m e r , 1 9 7 5 ) . T h e r e s u l t s o f t h i s t e c h n i q u e a s a p p l i e d t o t e m p e r a t u r e s c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a r e p l o t t e d i n F i g u r e 4 2 . E r r o r b a r s b a s e d o n t h e v a r i a t i o n i n c a l c u l a t e d p r e s s u r e b e t w e e n d i f f e r e n t p h e n o c r y s t p a i r s i n a g i v e n s a m p l e a r e s h o w n . D a t a p o i n t s i n w h i c h o n l y o n e p a i r o f f e l d s p a r s w a s a v a i l a b l e a r e a s s u m e d t o h a v e a m i n i m u m e r r o r o f + / - l k b a r . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t t h e c o n c o r d a n c e o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d a t a b e t w e e n t h e t w o m e t h o d s ( t w o - f e l d s p a r a n d F e - T i o x i d e s ) i s p o o r a t b e s t . T h u s , t h i s t e c h n i q u e c a n o n l y b e u s e d f o r s p e c u l a t i v e p u r p o s e s w i t h r e g a r d t o g e o b a r o m e t r y a n d g e o t h e r m o m e t r y . A m p h i b o l e - Q u a r t z g e o b a r o m e t r y U s i n g t h e m e t h o d o f H a m m a r s t r o m a n d Z e n ( 1 9 8 6 ) , t h e t o t a l a l u m i n u m c o n t e n t o f h o r n b l e n d e i n e q u i l i b r i u m w i t h q u a r t z , f r o m s a m p l e R 2 3 - 1 3 ( 7 0 w t % S i 0 2 ) w a s u s e d t o e s t i m a t e t h e p r e s s u r e o f h o r n b l e n d e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . A l t h o u g h t h e p o s s i b i l i t y e x i s t s t h a t t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c h o r n b l e n d e w a s c o m m i n g l e d w i t h t h e r h y o l i t e , t h e e u h e d r a l f o r m a n d l a c k o f c o l o r e d g l a s s s u r r o u n d i n g t h e h o r n b l e n d e g r a i n s w h i c h w o u l d b e p r e s e n t i f t w o c h e m i c a l l y d i s c r e t e 1 2 6 F e l d s p a r - O x i d e T / P P l o t I ‘ 1 2 ' ' v V I i f v v r I v v v ' T ’ L ( F r o m S t o r m e r a n d H n l t n e y . 1 9 8 5 ) ‘ 1 0 - - I : * 3 1 3 . 3 a b 3 - x 9 . . 1 O J 6 ” ' d L : 3 r 4 U ) U ) 4 - . 1 C D 6 : 1 1 1 2 L . . 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ . . 1 o A L A g l A L A A l A 7 0 0 7 5 0 8 0 0 8 5 0 T e m p e r a t u r e 6 0 ) E 3 ( D L ( U . D x O . ) L ' 3 ( D 0 ' ) O J L . a . F i g u r e 4 2 . a . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . a ) R A I N I E R M E S A M 8 8 . + - A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . 5 ' 5 1 t o 7 0 a t : 5 1 0 2 E ( < 1 b 5 6 N C ‘ ‘ 5 1 0 2 b “ u ‘ 2 ’ 7 0 t o 7 7 a t : 3 1 0 2 1 5 7 " t * ‘ s 1 0 1 1 b ' — ‘ A p p r o x . ° C E r r o r 0 A A A A A A A A L A A A A A A A A A l A A A A A A A A A l A A A A A A A 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 D e g r e e s 1 ° C ) A ) F e - T i o x i d e a n d c o - e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r t e m p e r a t u r e / p r e s s u r e d i a g r a m f r o m S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y ( 1 9 8 5 ) . B ) F e - T i o x i d e a n d c o - e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r t e m p e r a t u r e / p r e s s u r e d a t a f r o m t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 1 2 7 m a g m a s w e r e c o m m i n g l e d , m a y i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e s e g r a i n s a r e a p r i m a r y p h a s e w i t h i n t h e r h y o l i t e . S i x h o r n b l e n d e g r a i n s w e r e a n a l y z e d f r o m s a m p l e R 2 3 - 1 3 . O n e o f t h e s e g r a i n s w a s a n a l y z e d a l o n g t h e e d g e a n d w i t h i n t h e c o r e ( A p p e n d i x 3 ) . T h e c a l c u l a t e d p r e s s u r e s o f f o r m a t i o n r a n g e f r o m 4 . 8 k b t o 3 . 9 k b . T h e a v e r a g e v a l u e i s 4 . 2 k b w i t h a s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n o f 0 . 2 8 k b . P r e s s u r e e s t i m a t e s c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e a n a l y z e d g r a i n b o t h n e a r t h e e d g e a n d i n t h e c o r e v a r y b y 0 . 2 k b ( e d g e = 4 . 0 k b , c o r e = 4 . 2 k b ) . D I S C U S S I O N G e o c h e m i c a l Z o n a t i o n i n M a g m a B o d i e s M a n y e x p l a n a t i o n s h a v e b e e n o f f e r e d f o r t h e o r i g i n o f t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t y o f m a g m a b o d i e s ; e l e m e n t a l d i f f u s i o n , c o n v e c t i v e d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n , c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n a n d m a g m a m i x i n g t o n a m e b u t a f e w . A b r i e f d i s c u s s i o n o n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e s e p r o c e s s e s t o a s h - f l o w t u f f m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s b y v a r i o u s w o r k e r s i s p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . B a c k g r o u n d I t h a s l o n g b e e n r e c o g n i z e d t h a t m a n y a s h - f l o w s h e e t s a r e c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d , i . e . s y s t e m a t i c v a r i a t i o n s o c c u r i n c h e m i s t r y , m i n e r a l o g y , a n d i n f e r r e d p r e - e r u p t i v e t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t s f r o m t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c b a s e t o t h e t o p o f a s h - f l o w s h e e t s ( c f . R a t t e a n d S t e v e n , 1 9 6 7 ; L i p m a n , e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ; S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 3 ) . I t h a s b e e n s u g g e s t e d t h a t a l l l a r g e e r u p t i o n s o f a n o n - b a s a l t i c n a t u r e t a p t h e r m a l l y a n d c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d m a g m a c h a m b e r s ( H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) a n d t h a t a l l p y r o c l a s t i c f l o w s w i t h a v o l u m e g r e a t e r t h a n 1 k m 3 a r e c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d ( F i s h e r a n d S c h m i n c k e , 1 9 8 4 , p . 2 6 ) . G e o c h e m i c a l a n d t h e r m a l d a t a f o r t h e F i s h C a n y o n T u f f o f s o u t h w e s t e r n C o l o r a d o a n d t w o m e m b e r s o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f o f s o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a d o s e e m t o c o n t r a d i c t t h e a b o v e h y p o t h e s e s . T h e F i s h C a n y o n T u f f , 1 2 8 1 2 9 t h e P a h C a n y o n M e m b e r ( 4 0 k m 3 ) a n d t h e Y u c c a M o u n t a i n M e m b e r ( 2 0 k m 3 ) o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a r e c h e m i c a l l y a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y h o m o g e n e o u s ( L i p m a n , 1 9 7 5 ; B y e r s , e t a l . , 1 9 7 6 a ; F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y , 1 9 8 5 ) . R e c e n t l e a d i s o t o p e d a t a f o r t h e F i s h C a n y o n T u f f a l s o i n d i c a t e s t h a t i t i s h o m o g e n e o u s i n c o m p o s i t i o n ( M a t t y , 1 9 9 0 , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . A l o n g w i t h t h e r e c o g n i t i o n o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l z o n a t i o n i n a s h - f l o w s h e e t s c a m e t h e i m p l i c a t i o n t h a t t h i s z o n a t i o n r e f l e c t e d p r e - e r u p t i v e g r a d i e n t s w i t h i n t h e p a r e n t m a g m a c h a m b e r ( W i l l i a m s , 1 9 4 2 ; K a t s u i , 1 9 6 3 ; L i p m a n , e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 ; S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) . I t w a s a r g u e d t h a t a s a n e r u p t i o n o c c u r r e d a n d t h e c h a m b e r w a s t a p p e d , s i m p l e v e r t i c a l d r a w d o w n o f t h e m a g m a o c c u r r e d . S u c h s t u d i e s i n c l u d e t h o s e o f t h e B i s h o p T u f f ( H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) , t h e S i e r r a L a P r i m a v e r a s i l i c i c c e n t e r ( M a h o o d , 1 9 8 1 ) , t h e C r a t e r L a k e p y r o c l a s t i c f l o w s ( B a c o n , 1 9 8 3 ; B a c o n a n d D r u i t t , 1 9 8 8 ) , p y r o c l a s t i c f l o w s o n T e n e r i f e I s l a n d ( W o l f f a n d S t o r e y , 1 9 8 4 ) , a n d t h e F i s h C a n y o n T u f f ( S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y , 1 9 8 5 ) . B a s e d o n t h e s e a n d o t h e r p y r o c l a s t i c f l o w s t u d i e s ( c f . L i p m a n , e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 3 ) i t w a s i n t e r p r e t e d t h a t a p a r e n t a l m a g m a b o d y c o n t a i n e d s y s t e m a t i c v a r i a t i o n s i n c h e m i s t r y , m i n e r a l o g y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d p r e s s u r e f r o m t h e c o o l , s i l i c i c c u p o l a t o t h e h o t t e r , m o r e m a f i c r e g i o n d e e p e r w i t h i n t h e c h a m b e r . 1 3 0 T o d a y , t h i s m o d e l o f m a g m a c h a m b e r z o n a t i o n i s w i d e l y a c c e p t e d a n d i s s t r o n g l y s u p p o r t e d b y b o t h e x p e r i m e n t a l a n d p e t r o l o g i c w o r k ( L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; M c B i r n e y , 1 9 8 0 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ; W o l f f a n d S t o r e y , 1 9 8 4 ; B a k e r a n d M c B i r n e y , 1 9 8 5 ; B a c o n a n d D r u i t t , 1 9 8 8 ) . T h e m o d e l f o r v e r t i c a l d r a w d o w n o f t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r d u r i n g e r u p t i o n h o w e v e r , h a s b e e n e x t e n s i v e l y m o d i f i e d o v e r t h e p a s t f e w y e a r s , a n d w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d m o r e f u l l y i n t h e s e c t i o n o n e r u p t i o n d y n a m i c s . R e c o g n i t i o n t h a t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n i n a n a s h — f l o w t u f f r e p r e s e n t s c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r a d i e n t s i n t h e p a r e n t m a g m a c h a m b e r w a s a n i m p o r t a n t s t e p i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g h i g h - l e v e l s i l i c i c s y s t e m s ( S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) . C r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n , c r u s t a l a n a t e x i s , m a g m a m i x i n g , a n d v o l a t i l e t r a n s f e r w e r e f o r m a n y y e a r s t h e m a i n s t a y p r o c e s s e s b y w h i c h i t w a s t h o u g h t d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n o f m a g m a b o d i e s o c c u r r e d ( c f . B o w e n , 1 9 2 8 ; L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ) . A l a n d m a r k s t u d y o f m a g m a t i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n p r e s e n t e d b y H i l d r e t h ( 1 9 8 1 ) u s e d m a n y o f t h e i d e a s o f e a r l i e r w o r k e r s a n d i n c o r p o r a t e d t h e m w i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o f t h e r m o g r a v i t a t i o n a l d i f f u s i o n . T h e r m o g r a v i t a t i o n a l d i f f u s i o n c a n b e s e p a r a t e d i n t o t w o p r o c e s s e s ; t h e s e a r e d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n a n d S o r e t d i f f u s i o n . D o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n a n d S o r e t d i f f u s i o n r e l y o n t h e r m a l a n d / o r d e n s i t y g r a d i e n t s w i t h i n t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r t o i n i t i a t e c o n v e c t i o n , a n d i t h a s b e e n 1 3 1 a r g u e d t h a t t h e y p r o v i d e a s t r o n g i m p e t u s f o r m a g m a d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . H i l d r e t h ( 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 1 ) p r o p o s e d t h a t e n r i c h m e n t / d e p l e t i o n t r e n d s f o r m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t s r o o f w a r d i n t h e L o n g V a l l e y m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w e r e f o r m e d b y S o r e t d i f f u s i o n a n d v o l a t i l e c o m p l e x i n g c o u p l e d w i t h c o n v e c t i v e c i r c u l a t i o n . H i l d r e t h ( 1 9 8 1 ) a l s o c o n c l u d e d t h a t c r y s t a l - l i q u i d f r a c t i o n a t i o n c o u l d n o t h a v e g e n e r a t e d t h e o b s e r v e d t r e n d s . M i c h a e l ( 1 9 8 3 a , b ) r e a n a l y z e d H i l d r e t h ' s d a t a , a n d C a m e r o n ( 1 9 8 3 ) p r e s e n t e d n e w d a t a t h a t w a s i n t e r p r e t e d t o s h o w t h a t c r y s t a l - l i q u i d f r a c t i o n a t i o n c o u l d n o t b e d i s m i s s e d a s a v i a b l e e v o l u t i o n a r y m e c h a n i s m f o r t h e L o n g V a l l e y m a g m a t i c s y s t e m b a s e d o n t r a c e e l e m e n t p a r t i t i o n i n g b e t w e e n g l a s s a n d p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s p r e s e n t i n t h e B i s h o p T u f f . T h u s g e o c h e m i c a l o r p e t r o l o g i c e v i d e n c e f o r t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f S o r e t d i f f u s i o n i n m a g m a b o d i e s s t i l l r e m a i n s t o b e f o u n d . E x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k b y H u p p e r t a n d S p a r k s ( 1 9 8 4 ) ; H u p p e r t , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 4 ) ; S p a r k s , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 4 ) ; M c B i r n e y , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 5 ) ; B a k e r a n d M c B i r n e y , ( 1 9 8 5 ) ; a n d N i l s o n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 5 ) h a v e s h o w n t h a t s p o n t a n e o u s d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n c o u l d o c c u r i n f l u i d s w h i c h c o n t a i n e d i n i t i a l t e m p e r a t u r e a n d / o r c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r a d i e n t s . W i t h t i m e , d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n w o u l d f o r m t h e r m a l l y a n d c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y s t a b l e h o r i z o n t a l l a y e r s i n a f l u i d . B a k e r a n d M c B i r n e y ( 1 9 8 5 ) a r g u e d t h a t b o u n d a r y l a y e r t r a n s p o r t a l o n g t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r w a l l s c o u p l e d w i t h 1 3 2 c r y s t a l - l i q u i d f r a c t i o n a t i o n i n t h e m a i n m a g m a b o d y w a s t h e d o m i n a n t m e c h a n i s m r e s p o n s i b l e f o r d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n a n d z o n a t i o n o f m o s t m a g m a b o d i e s ; n o t d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n a s p r o p o s e d b y o t h e r w o r k e r s ( c f . H i l d r e t h , 1 9 7 9 , 1 9 8 1 ; M a h o o d , 1 9 8 1 ) . R e c e n t m a t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l l i n g o f d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n w h i c h s i m u l a t e s r e a l m a g m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s ( S p e r a , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ) h a s b e e n i n t e r p r e t e d t o s h o w t h a t s t e a d y - s t a t e l a y e r i n g f o r m e d b y d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n n e v e r o c c u r s w i t h i n t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r . H o w e v e r , t h i s m e c h a n i s m w a s l a t e r p r o p o s e d b y F r i d r i c h a n d M a h o o d ( 1 9 8 7 ) t o a c c o u n t f o r t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n o b s e r v e d i n t h e G r i z z l y P e a k m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . I f d o u b l e - d i f f u s i v e c o n v e c t i o n i s n o t a v i a b l e m e c h a n i s m f o r c r e a t i n g c o m p o s i t i o n a l l a y e r i n g , t h i s i m p l i e s t h a t c h e m i c a l a n d t h e r m a l z o n a t i o n s m u s t o c c u r b y s o m e o t h e r p r o c e s s s u c h a s , b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o : 1 ) b o u n d a r y l a y e r t r a n s p o r t ( c f . B a k e r a n d M c B i r n e y , 1 9 8 5 ) , 2 ) c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n ( M i c h a e l , 1 9 8 3 a ) , 3 ) m a g m a m i x i n g ( c f . F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 b ) , a n d / o r 4 ) i n j e c t i o n i n t o o r u n d e r p l a t i n g o f t h e m a g m a b o d y b y m o r e m a f i c ( p r i m i t i v e ) m a g m a ( c f . W h i t n e y , e t a l . , 1 9 8 8 ) . D i f f e r e n t i a t i o n p r o c e s s e s s u c h a s c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n , m a g m a m i x i n g , a n d p a r t i a l m e l t i n g a r e t h e o n l y p r o c e s s e s t h a t c a n c u r r e n t l y b e q u a n t i t a t i v e l y e v a l u a t e d f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w i t h t h e e x i s t i n g d a t a b a s e . 1 3 3 T h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n M a g m a t i c S y s t e m T h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n f o u n d i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f f r o m a n a l y s e s o f g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a n d p h e n o c r y s t s i s i n t e r p r e t e d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e m i n i m u m c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n p r e s e n t i n t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a t i c s y s t e m o f e a c h m e m b e r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 1 M a a g o ( F i g s . 7 , 9 ) . A f e w a n o m a l o u s g l a s s , f e l d s p a r , b i o t i t e a n d a m p h i b o l e a n a l y s e s m a y r e f l e c t t h e p r e s e n c e o f a m o r e m a f i c m a g m a c o m p o s i t i o n n o t c u r r e n t l y i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e p u m i c e s a m p l e s ( F i g s . 2 3 , 2 5 a n d 3 5 ) . W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) a l s o n o t e t h e p r e s e n c e o f a b a s a l t i c c o m p o n e n t i n t h e i r w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s . B a s e d o n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t y p r e s e n t i n e a c h m e m b e r , t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a t i c s y s t e m c a n p o t e n t i a l l y b e m o d e l l e d i n s e v e r a l w a y s : 1 ) A s i n g l e m a g m a c h a m b e r i n w h i c h t h e e n t i r e m a g m a b o d y i s c o n t i n u o u s l y z o n e d f r o m a m o r e m a f i c b a s e t o a m o r e f e l s i c t o p d u e t o t h e f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f a n i n i t i a l l y h o m o g e n e o u s p a r e n t m a g m a ( w i t h s o m e p o s s i b l e a s s i m i l a t i o n o f s u r r o u n d i n g c o u n t r y r o c k ) . 1 3 4 2 ) A s i n g l e m a g m a c h a m b e r i n w h i c h m a g m a s o f d i f f e r e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s a r e b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r s o m e t i m e p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n f o r m i n g a l a y e r e d s e q u e n c e . T h e o r i g i n o f t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a s b e i n g m o s t l i k e l y d u e t o v a r i a t i o n s i n p a r t i a l m e l t i n g p r o c e s s e s o r s o u r c e r o c k h e t e r o g e n e i t i e s ( + / - f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d a s s i m i l a t i o n w i t h i n e a c h m a g m a b a t c h ) . 3 ) M u l t i p l e m a g m a c h a m b e r s w h e r e e a c h d i s c r e t e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n r e s i d e s i n a s e p a r a t e c h a m b e r . T h e o r i g i n o f e a c h m a g m a b e i n g a n y o n e o r c o m b i n a t i o n o f p r o c e s s e s w h i c h c a n g e n e r a t e a h o m o g e n e o u s t o h e t e r o g e n e o u s m a g m a b o d y . 4 ) S o m e c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e a b o v e m o d e l s . F o r e a c h m e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , m o d e l n u m b e r f o u r i s t h e m o s t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e d a t a . T h e d a t a a r e m o r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a m o d e l w h e r e t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n a l g r o u p s a s d e f i n e d b y t h e g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a ( g r o u p s 1 R t o B R a n d g r o u p s 1 A t o 3 A ; F i g s . 4 , 5 a ) , h a v e b e e n g e n e r a t e d b y e i t h e r d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f a s o u r c e r o c k o r p a r t i a l 1 3 5 m e l t i n g o f d i f f e r e n t s o u r c e r o c k s . T h e s e m a g m a s w e r e b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r a t s o m e p o i n t i n t i m e t o f o r m a l a r g e v o l u m e m a g m a b o d y . T h e g e o c h e m i c a l s i m i l a r i t y b e t w e e n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r p r o b a b l y i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e b u l k o f t h e d o m i n a n t v o l u m e m a g m a i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r w a s n o t e r u p t e d a n d r e m a i n e d t o f o r m t h e k e r n e l f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . T h e p r e s e n c e o f d i s c r e t e l a y e r s h o w e v e r i s e q u i v o c a l w i t h t h e c u r r e n t d a t a b u t a r e i n f e r r e d h e r e t o h a v e i n i t i a l l y e x i s t e d . T h e s e m a g m a s w e r e p r o b a b l y t h e n m o d i f i e d o v e r t i m e b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d m a g m a m i x i n g . F o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , i t i s a l s o i n f e r r e d t h a t a t l e a s t t w o m a g m a c h a m b e r s w e r e i n e x i s t a n c e a t t h e t i m e o f e r u p t i o n ; t h e d o m i n a n t v o l u m e c h a m b e r c o n t a i n i n g g e o c h e m i c a l g r o u p s 1 R t o 3 R ( t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o l o w - N b , h i g h s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ) a n d a m u c h s m a l l e r c h a m b e r c o n t a i n i n g g r o u p 4 R ( h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ) ( F i g s . 4 , 5 a ) . F o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , i t i s u n c l e a r w h e t h e r t w o s e p a r a t e c h a m b e r s r e m a i n e d i n e x i s t a n c e a l t h o u g h T h a n d Y b t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a s u g g e s t t h a t t w o h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s m a y h a v e b e e n p r e s e n t . T h e d i s c u s s i o n t h a t f o l l o w s a t t e m p t s t o o u t l i n e h o w t h e v a r i o u s g e o c h e m i c a l , m i n e r a l o g i c a l , g e o t h e r m o m e t r i c d a t a a n d p e t r o g e n e t i c m o d e l l i n g a r e e i t h e r c o n s i s t e n t o r i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h m o d e l s 1 t h r u 3 g i v e n a b o v e a n d t h e p r o p o s e d m o d e l . 1 3 6 G e o c h e m i c a l H e t e r o g e n e i t y o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n M a g m a t i c S y s t e m s T h e g r a d u a l c h a n g e i n p u m i c e a n d p h e n o c r y s t g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a f o r b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e m o d e l o f a m a g m a c h a m b e r z o n e d f r o m a b a s a l t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o a r o o f w a r d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . C o m p l i c a t i n g t h i s m o d e l h o w e v e r , i s t h e p r e s e n c e o f g a p s i n t h e m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a , b e s t s e e n i n v a r i a t i o n p l o t s w i t h $ 1 0 2 a s o n e o f t h e v a r i a b l e s ( F i g s . 7 , 9 ) . O t h e r e l e m e n t s s u c h a s A 1 2 0 3 , M g O , P 2 0 5 , S r , S c , a n d H f a l s o h a v e g a p s i n t h e i r r a n g e o f c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( F i g s . 7 , 8 , 9 , 1 0 ) . T h e s e g a p s c o r r e s p o n d t o c o m p o s i t i o n a l c h a n g e s b e t w e e n t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c a n d t r a c h y d a c i t i c c o m p o n e n t s ( 6 2 w t % t o 6 4 w t % S i O Z ) , a n d , i n t h e r h y o l i t i c c o m p o n e n t s ( 7 1 w t % t o 7 4 w t % S i O z ) . P o s s i b l e o r i g i n s f o r t h e s e c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s i n c l u d e s a m p l i n g b i a s , c h a n g i n g r a t e s o f e r u p t i o n ( S p e r a , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 ) , t h e p r e s e n c e o f a c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y l a y e r e d m a g m a c h a m b e r , o r , c o e v a l e r u p t i o n o f u n r e l a t e d m a g m a b o d i e s . W i t h t h e c u r r e n t d a t a h o w e v e r , i t i s e q u i v o c a l a s t o w h e t h e r o r n o t c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s w e r e p r e s e n t i n t h e p a r e n t m a g m a c h a m b e r . A d i s c u s s i o n o f e a c h o f t h e p o s s i b l e o r i g i n s f o r t h e c l u s t e r i n g o f d a t a a n d p r e s e n c e o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s i s g i v e n b e l o w . I n l i g h t o f t h e d e t a i l e d s a m p l i n g p e r f o r m e d f o r t h i s s t u d y , i t s e e m s u n l i k e l y t h a t s a m p l e b i a s w a s r e s p o n s i b l e 1 3 7 f o r t h e g a p s i n d a t a . A n i n t r i g u i n g , b u t n o t s u r p r i s i n g o b s e r v a t i o n m a d e b y W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) , b a s e d o n d a t a f r o m w h o l e - r o c k t u f f s a m p l e s f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , i n d i c a t e s t h a t l a t e r a l v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e t u f f s d o e s o c c u r . W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) n o t e t h a t t h e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p r e s e n t i n s o m e a r e a s o f t h e o u t f l o w s h e e t s m a y n o t o c c u r i n o t h e r a r e a s . F u r t h e r d e t a i l e d w o r k w i t h o t h e r s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n s w i l l h a v e t o b e d o n e t o r e s o l v e t h i s p o t e n t i a l p r o b l e m . T h e o r i g i n o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s i n f o s s i l v o l c a n i c s y s t e m s d u e t o t h e s e c u l a r v a r i a t i o n i n e r u p t i o n r a t e a s d i s c u s s e d b y S p e r a , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 ) i s a k i n e m a t i c p r o b l e m t h a t v o l c a n o l o g i s t s a n d i g n e o u s p e t r o l o g i s t s w i l l i n m o s t c a s e s b e u n a b l e t o r e c o n s t r u c t . T o t e s t t h i s h y p o t h e s i s , t h e e r u p t i o n r a t e m u s t b e k n o w n o r a t l e a s t a p p r o x i m a t e d ; a p r o b l e m t h a t i s c u r r e n t l y d i f f i c u l t t o r e s o l v e f o r h i s t o r i c e r u p t i o n s , l e t a l o n e 1 2 M a o l d e r u p t i o n s . H o w e v e r , t h e p r e s e n c e o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s i n c h e m i c a l d a t a f o r a s h - f l o w s h e e t s o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f m a y s i g n i f y , a s o b v i o u s a s i t s e e m s , t h a t t h e r e w e r e f u n d a m e n t a l p h y s i o c h e m i c a l p r o p e r t i e s p r e s e n t i n t h e s e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s t h a t c o n s i s t e n t l y a l l o w e d f o r c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s t o o c c u r . I f i t i s a s s u m e d t h a t e a c h m a g m a c h a m b e r w a s c o n t i n u o u s l y z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o c o m p o s i t i o n a n d t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e o p t i o n s a r e : 1 ) i t m a y h a v e b e e n f o r t u i t o u s t h a t c h a n g i n g r a t e s o f e r u p t i o n 1 3 8 r e s u l t e d i n c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s b e t w e e n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t i c o r q u a r t z l a t i t i c m a g m a a n d u p p e r l e v e l r h y o l i t e s i n e a c h o f t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t s , 2 ) i t m a y b e a f u n d a m e n t a l p r o p e r t y o f t h e e r u p t i o n o f a c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y l a y e r e d m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , o r 3 ) c o e v a l e r u p t i o n o f m u l t i p l e m a g m a b o d i e s . I f e r u p t i o n r a t e v a r i a t i o n w a s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e g a p s , t h e n t h e c o n t r o l l i n g f a c t o r i n t h e r a t e o f e r u p t i o n w o u l d m o s t l i k e l y b e a f u n c t i o n o f m e l t v i s c o s i t y , d e n s i t y a n d / o r v o l a t i l e c o n t e n t w h e r e a r a p i d i n c r e a s e o r d e c r e a s e i n t h e s e p a r a m e t e r s w o u l d h a v e a t l e a s t t e m p o r a r i l y s p e d u p o r s l o w e d d o w n c h a m b e r e v a c u a t i o n . T h i s e x p l a n a t i o n h o w e v e r , i s i n s u p p o r t o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s ; t h e v e r y a r g u m e n t S p e r a , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 ) w i s h t o d i s c o u n t . M o r e d e t a i l e d w o r k n e e d s t o b e d o n e o n t h i s p h e n o m e n a . S t r u c t u r a l c o n t r o l s s u c h a s c h a m b e r m o r p h o l o g y , l a t e r a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e m a g m a b o d y , o r , t r a p d o o r s u b s i d e n c e m a y a l s o l e a d t o d i f f e r e n t i a l s a m p l i n g o f t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r u p o n e r u p t i o n ( c f . W a r r e n , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ) . I t w o u l d b e g e o l o g i c a l l y r e a s o n a b l e t o a s s u m e t h a t s o m e , i f n o t a l l , o f t h e a b o v e m e c h a n i s m s w e r e a c t i n g t o s o m e d e g r e e d u r i n g e r u p t i o n o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T h e q u e s t i o n r e m a i n s a s t o t h e d e g r e e o f e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f e a c h f a c t o r i n c r e a t i n g p o t e n t i a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s . I t w o u l d s t i l l s e e m s o m e w h a t f o r t u i t o u s h o w e v e r t h a t c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s 1 3 9 c o n t i n u a l l y a p p e a r i n t h e m a j o r a s h - f l o w s h e e t s o f t h e S W N V F ( S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 ; F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a ) a n d i n o t h e r a s h - f l o w t u f f s f r o m a r o u n d t h e w o r l d ( s e e F i g u r e 1 , H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) a t r o u g h l y t h e s a m e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n a l i n t e r v a l i f s o m e m e c h a n i s m o t h e r t h a n t h e p r e s e n c e o f a l a y e r e d m a g m a b o d y , o r m u l t i p l e m a g m a b o d i e s , w e r e o p e r a t i n g . I n l i g h t o f t h e m o d e l l i n g o f S p e r a , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 ) , t h e r e i s n o d a t a t o s u p p o r t o r r e j e c t t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s b y e r u p t i o n k i n e t i c s f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n s y s t e m . I n a d d i t i o n , i f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k o f B l a k e ( 1 9 8 1 ) a n d B l a k e a n d I v e y ( 1 9 8 6 ) o n m a g m a w i t h d r a w a l i s e v e n p a r t i a l l y c o r r e c t , t h e n o n c e a g a i n i t b e c o m e s d i f f i c u l t t o e x p l a i n a w a y t h e a b s e n c e o f i n t e r m e d i a t e m a g m a c o m p o s i t i o n s ( s e e e r u p t i o n d y n a m i c s d i s c u s s i o n ) . B a s e d o n l y o n t h e g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a t h e n , a l a y e r e d m a g m a t i c s y s t e m a n d / o r m u l t i p l e - b o d i e d m a g m a t i c s y s t e m m a y h a v e e x i s t e d f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n s y s t e m , a s t h a t o f t h e T o p o p a h S p r i n g T u f f p a r e n t a l m a g m a c h a m b e r ( S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ) . M i n e r a l o g i c a l V a r i a t i o n s M i n e r a l o g i c a l d a t a i n s u p p o r t o f m a g m a c h a m b e r c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s a r e a g a i n e q u i v o c a l . M o d a l p h e n o c r y s t d a t a f o r b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n t u f f r e v e a l a s h a r p d r o p i n p h e n o c r y s t m o d a l p e r c e n t a g e s i n p u m i c e 1 4 0 f r a g m e n t s ( 2 5 % D R E ( d e n s e r o c k e q u i v a l e n t ) t o 1 0 % D R E ) f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 7 w t % S i 0 2 t o 7 0 w t % w h o l e - p u m i c e S i O Z r e s p e c t i v e l y ( T a b l e 2 ) . T h i s c o r r e s p o n d s d i r e c t l y w i t h t h e g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a g a p b e t w e e n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t i c a n d r h y o l i t i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s ( F i g s . 7 , 9 ) . A l s o o c c u r r i n g i n b o t h m e m b e r s a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 4 w t % $ 1 0 2 i s a s i g n i f i c a n t d e c r e a s e i n p h e n o c r y s t c o n t e n t f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 3 % D R E t o 1 6 % D R E w h i c h a g a i n c o r r e s p o n d s t o a m i n o r g e o c h e m i c a l g a p ( T a b l e 2 ; F i g s . 7 , 9 ) . H i s t o g r a m s o f p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s f o r b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f d o n o t h o w e v e r r e v e a l d i s t i n c t b i m o d a l o r p o l y m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n c o m p o s i t i o n l i k e t h o s e o b s e r v e d i n t h e T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f ( S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ) . T h e b i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n i n b i o t i t e c o m p o s i t i o n s i n t h e T o p O p a h S p r i n g T u f f w a s u s e d b y t h e s e w o r k e r s a s o n e l i n e o f e v i d e n c e t o i n f e r t h e p r e s e n c e o f a c o m p o s i t i o n a l i n t e r f a c e b e t w e e n q u a r t z l a t i t i c a n d r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s i n t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . E x a m i n a t i o n o f s t a c k e d h i s t o g r a m s o f t h e M g # o r s e l e c t e d e l e m e n t s ( t h o s e w h i c h h a v e m i n i m a l s c a t t e r ) v e r s u s i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n f o r b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f r e v e a l s c u r v i l i n e a r t r e n d s i n t h e d a t a f r o m t h e m o s t m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t t o m o s t e v o l v e d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t ( c f . F i g s . 2 3 , 2 5 , 3 2 ) . T h e r e d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o b e a n y i n d i c a t i o n o f s h a r p c o m p o s i t i o n a l b r e a k s 1 4 1 i n a n y o f t h e p l o t s o f t h i s t y p e w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f h o r n b l e n d e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r w h e r e t h e C a O a n d A 1 2 0 3 h i s t o g r a m s f o r h o r n b l e n d e i n d i c a t e t w o d i s t i n c t c o m p o s i t i o n s ( F i g s . 3 3 , 3 4 ) . T h u s , v a r i a b l e p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n a s a f u n c t i o n o f i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n d o e s n o t l e n d u n e q u i v o c a l s u p p o r t t o a l a y e r e d m a g m a c h a m b e r m o d e l . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e T i 0 2 c o m p o s i t e h i s t o g r a m s f o r b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c o u l d b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s s h o w i n g b i m o d a l t o t r i m o d a l p h e n o c r y s t p o p u l a t i o n s f o r e a c h m e m b e r r e s p e c t i v e l y ( F i g s . 2 4 , 2 6 ) . B i m o d a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s w i t h i n t h e g l a s s d a t a ( S i 0 2 a n d A 1 2 0 3 ) f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c a n n o t b e u s e d t o e i t h e r s u p p o r t o r r e j e c t t h e p r e s e n c e o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s i n t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r ( F i g s . 7 , 9 , 3 9 , 4 0 ) . A l t h o u g h t h e c o m p o s i t e h i s t o g r a m s a g a i n s h o w e v e n b e t t e r d e f i n e d m o d e s , t h e r e a r e s a m p l e s w i t h d a t a t h a t a r e t r a n s i t i o n a l i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e m o d e s . T h u s d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e b i a s o f t h e o b s e r v e r , a c a s e m a y b e m a d e f o r e i t h e r a l a y e r e d s y s t e m , o r , f o r a z o n e d s y s t e m . B a s e d o n t h e g e o c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l d a t a f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , t h e r e i s n o a p r i o r i e v i d e n c e f o r d i s t i n c t c o m p o s i t i o n a l m a g m a t i c i n t e r f a c e s i n t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a c h a m b e r ( s ) . M u c h o f t h e d a t a i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t s o m e s o r t o f m a g m a t i c d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s , a s d e f i n e d b y g e o c h e m i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l 1 4 2 g a p s a n d p o t e n t i a l l y b i m o d a l p h e n o c r y s t d a t a , d i d e x i s t i n t h e p a r e n t a l c h a m b e r ( s ) . G e o t h e r m o m e t r i c C o n s i d e r a t i o n s T h e t e m p e r a t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e m o d e l o f a z o n e d m a g m a c h a m b e r i n w h i c h t h e h o t t e r , m o r e m a f i c m a g m a i s o v e r l a i n b y c o o l e r , p r o g r e s s i v e l y m o r e s i l i c i c m a g m a ( S m i t h , 1 9 7 9 ; H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 ) ( F i g . 4 3 ) . T h e t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n l o w e r t h a n t h e t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s m a g m a t i c s y s t e m ( F i g . 4 3 ) . N o e v i d e n c e e x i s t s f o r s h a r p t h e r m a l i n t e r f a c e s w i t h i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . F e - T i o x i d e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d h o w e v e r , t o s u g g e s t t h a t a s e p a r a t e m a g m a c h a m b e r e x i s t e d f o r t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . O n F i g u r e s 4 3 a n d 4 4 , t h e t w o h i g h - N b , h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a m p l e s p l o t w e l l a w a y f r o m t h e d o m i n a n t t r e n d o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r d a t a . A l t h o u g h t h e s e d a t a l i e w i t h i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d a t a f i e l d , t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f r o m w h i c h t h e d a t a w e r e d e r i v e d c a n n o t r e p r e s e n t x e n o l i t h s f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d u e t o t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h e t w o m e m b e r s , n o r c a n t h e y b e o f A m m o n i a T a n k s a f f i n i t y b a s e d o n t h e i r c h e m i c a l 1 0 0 0 v 1 . f r L 1 A + . 1 A 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 o + 1 ( . 3 ° . _ , . o ? 0 0 1 U ) + + o ' m 8 0 0 - + 1 o . . ( 1 L ) . + 0 . c m _ 1 g _ : 1 . 7 0 0 - r b + 4 h . 1 6 0 0 1 1 A l 1 1 . . I 4 A L 5 0 5 0 7 0 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 3 . 1 4 3 8 0 ( D R A I N I E R M E S A M 8 8 . + A M M O N I A T A N K S M 8 9 . S i 0 2 v e r s u s t e m p e r a t u r e f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 1 4 4 - a . . . . , . . . . , . . . . O R A I N I E H M E S A M B F I . + A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R . _ 0 0 0 0 q ) { n o 0 0 + + 0 - 4 2 ~ 1 . + x 0 + 0 0 ‘ 0 ) + + C ) 1 + q . + ‘ 1 5 1 - . 1 _ 2 0 L A A A l A A A A l A A A A 5 0 6 0 7 o 8 0 8 1 0 2 ( w t % ) F i g u r e 4 4 . 8 1 0 2 v e r s u s - f 0 2 f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 1 4 5 a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n s . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l i m p l i c a t i o n s t o t h i s p o i n t . F i r s t , t h e l a c k o f a n o b v i o u s t h e r m a l i n t e r f a c e i m p l i e s t h a t t h e m a g m a t y p e s p r e s e n t i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s y s t e m i m m e d i a t e l y p r i o r t o t h e e r u p t i v e e v e n t , w e r e n o t t h e r m a l l y d i s t i n c t m a g m a s b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r i m m e d i a t e l y p r e c e d i n g e r u p t i o n . S e c o n d l y , i f t h e m a g m a t y p e s p r e s e n t i n t h e c h a m b e r d i d o r i g i n a t e a s t h e r m a l l y d i s c r e t e m a g m a b o d i e s , a n d w e r e s u b s e q u e n t l y b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n , t h e n e n o u g h t i m e m u s t h a v e e l a p s e d f o r t h e e q u i l i b r a t i o n o f t h e r m a l d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s a n d f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a s m o o t h t h e r m a l p r o f i l e v i a c o n d u c t i o n a n d / o r c o n v e c t i o n o f t h e e x c e s s h e a t . A d d i t i o n a l l y , r e - e q u i l i b r a t i o n o f t h e m a g n e t i t e / i l m e n i t e c o m p o s i t i o n s s h o u l d h a v e o c c u r r e d . F i n a l l y , i n l i g h t o f m o d e l s i n w h i c h m a g m a t i c i n j e c t i o n i s c a l l e d u p o n t o i n i t i a t e e r u p t i o n ( c f . H i l d r e t h , 1 9 8 1 , 1 9 8 3 ) , i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t a n e w , t h e r m a l l y d i s t i n c t m a g m a w a s i n j e c t e d i n t o t h e s y s t e m p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n , a n d m a y h a v e e v e n b e e n t h e d r i v i n g f o r c e f o r t h e e r u p t i o n . T h i s t y p e o f p h e n o m e n a m a y h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a s t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e t o t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t i s s t e e p e r t h a n t h a t f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . H o w e v e r , e i t h e r t h i s m a g m a w a s n o t t a p p e d d u r i n g t h e e r u p t i o n o r i t w a s v o l u m e t r i c a l l y i n s i g n i f i c a n t w i t h i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a o r A m m o n i a T a n k s m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s . O n l y a s m a l l a m o u n t o f e v i d e n c e f o r a u n i q u e l y b a s a l t i c 1 4 6 c o m p o n e n t e x i s t s w i t h i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d o c c u r s a s a f e w m a f i c g l a s s a n d p h e n o c r y s t a n a l y s e s i n s a m p l e s R 8 - 2 5 a n d R 1 1 - 5 ( F i g s . 3 9 , 4 0 ) . W a r r e n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) s u p p o r t t h i s o b s e r v a t i o n . I n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , t h e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e f o r t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e r m a l i n t e r f a c e s o r s e p a r a t e m a g m a b o d i e s . C o m p l i c a t i n g t h i s e v a l u a t i o n h o w e v e r i s t h e l a c k o f t h e r m a l d a t a f o r t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e m a g m a t i c c o m p o n e n t i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d u e t o t h e l a c k o f i l m e n i t e i n t h e m a f i c p u m i c e s a m p l e s . O x y g e n F u g a c i t y a n d S p h e n e - I l m e n i t e S t a b i l i t y A c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e o x y g e n f u g a c i t y f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s m u s t b e d o n e w i t h c a u t i o n a s n o d a t a f o r t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e p u m i c e a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d u e t o t h e a b s e n c e o f i l m e n i t e . D a t a p l o t t e d o n a S i 0 2 v s . l o g f O Z d i a g r a m ( F i g . 4 4 ) a r e i n d i c a t i v e o f a l o w e r o x y g e n f u g a c i t y f o r t h e r h y o l i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T r a c h y a n d e s i t e m a g m a s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , m a y h a v e h a d a h i g h e r o x y g e n f u g a c i t y t h a n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . L i p m a n ( 1 9 7 1 ) , i n h i s w o r k o n c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d a s h - f l o w s h e e t s o f t h e S o u t h w e s t e r n N e v a d a V o l c a n i c F i e l d , i n t e r p r e t e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f s p h e n e i n s a m p l e s o f t h e T i v a 1 4 7 C a n y o n M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , a n d t h e a b s e n c e o f s p h e n e i n s a m p l e s o f t h e T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r a n d R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , a s d u e t o o x y g e n f u g a c i t y v a r i a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e r e s p e c t i v e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s ( T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r a n d T i v a C a n y o n M e m b e r = P a i n t b r u s h T u f f ) . H i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s w e r e b a s e d o n p r e v i o u s s t u d i e s o f t h e s p h e n e - i l m e n i t e p h a s e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b y V e r h o o g e n ( 1 9 6 2 ) a n d W o n e s ( 1 9 6 6 ) , a n d o n t h e s p h e n e - i l m e n i t e t h e r m o d y n a m i c c a l c u l a t i o n s o f C a r m i c h a e l a n d N i c h o l l s ( 1 9 6 7 ) , a n d S m i t h ( 1 9 7 0 ) . T h e s p h e n e - i l m e n i t e r e a c t i o n p r o p o s e d b y t h e a b o v e w o r k e r s i s : 3 C a T i S i 0 5 + F 8 3 0 4 = 3 F € T i 0 3 + 3 C a S i O 3 + 0 . 5 0 2 w h e r e e x c e s s o x y g e n r e a c t s w i t h i l m e n i t e a n d p y r o x e n e t o f o r m s p h e n e a n d T i - p o o r m a g n e t i t e . M o r e r e c e n t l y , H a g g e r t y ( 1 9 7 6 ) i n a r e v i e w o f o p a q u e m i n e r a l o x i d e s i n t e r r e s t r i a l i g n e o u s r o c k s , c i t i n g s t u d i e s b y C a r m i c h a e l a n d c o - w o r k e r s , s u m m a r i z e s t h e i r w o r k b y n o t i n g t h a t n o t o n l y i s t h e o x y g e n f u g a c i t y i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e p h a s e t r a n s i t i o n , b u t t h a t t h e s i l i c a a c t i v i t y m u s t a l s o b e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t ( s e e r e f e r e n c e s o f H a g g e r t y , ( 1 9 7 6 ) p g s . 1 6 9 - 1 7 2 ) . H a g g e r t y ( 1 9 7 6 ) s u m m a r i z e s t h e p r o b l e m b y s t a t i n g t h a t ; 1 4 8 " . . . t h e d e m i s e o f i l m e n i t e a n d t h e d e p l e t i o n o f T i i n M t S S c a n b e r e l a t e d t o a S i 0 2 a n d f 0 . I f a S i O Z i s c o n s i d e r e d a l o n e , M t S S + p e r o v s k i t e w i l l f o r m i n p r e f e r e n c e t o M t S S + s p h e n e a t l o w v a l u e s o f a S i 0 2 ( C a S i T i 0 5 = C a T i O 3 + S i 0 2 ) . I f f 0 i s c o n s i d e r e d i n a d d i t i o n , h i g h £ 0 2 a n d h i g h a S i O w i l l f a v o r s p h e n e ; l o w e r f 0 2 a n d l o w e r a S i 0 2 w i l l f a v o r p e r o v s k i t e . i . e . , f o r a n y g i v e n f 0 2 s p h e n e o r p e r o v s k i t e a r e d e p e n d e n t o n a S i O Z . " F o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f h o w e v e r , t h e d a t a a r e a n t i t h e t i c t o H a g g e r t y ' s s u m m a r y . B a s e d u p o n t h e d a t a p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e 4 4 , t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h a s a h i g h e r o x y g e n f u g a c i t y t h a n t h a t t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a t a n y g i v e n c o m p o s i t i o n . T h e o r e t i c a l l y t h e n , t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s h o u l d b e s p h e n e b e a r i n g , n o t t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . F o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m t h e n , t h e r e m u s t b e a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l l i n g f a c t o r s a t w o r k b e s i d e s o x y g e n f u g a c i t y a n d s i l i c a a c t i v i t y w h i c h c o n t r o l l e d t h e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f s p h e n e a s o p p o s e d t o i l m e n i t e . I n c o n c l u s i o n , g e o t h e r m o m e t r i c a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d a t a f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f d o e s n o t s u p p o r t a n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n f o r a l a y e r e d m a g m a t i c s y s t e m i n e i t h e r m e m b e r . T h e d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a r e c o n s i s t e n t h o w e v e r , w i t h a t l e a s t a t w o c h a m b e r m o d e l i n w h i c h t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e i s s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e d o m i n a n t v o l u m e m a g m a b o d y . T h e d a t a f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a s i n g l e m a g m a c h a m b e r m o d e l . 1 4 9 G e o b a r o m e t r y B a s e d o n t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d a t a i n F i g u r e 4 2 , i t c o u l d b e i n f e r r e d t h a t t h e m a g m a s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n s y s t e m r e s i d e d i n a m i d - c r u s t a l c h a m b e r a t a d e p t h b e t w e e n 1 3 . 2 a n d 2 1 k m ( 4 . 4 a n d 7 k b a r s r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . T h e a n o m a l o u s d a t a p o i n t s w h i c h o c c u r a t 1 . 7 , 3 . 0 , a n d 8 . 9 k b a r s m a y r e f l e c t e i t h e r p o o r l y c o n s t r a i n e d p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s , o r , p h e n o c r y s t s w h i c h e q u i l i b r a t e d u n d e r d i f f e r e n t g e o b a r o m e t r i c c o n d i t i o n s . T h e l a t t e r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s e e m s u n l i k e l y h o w e v e r a n d i t i s i n f e r r e d h e r e t h a t t h e p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s a r e s u s p e c t . I t s h o u l d b e e m p h a s i z e d t h a t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e d a t a i n F i g u r e 4 1 b i s s p e c u l a t i v e a t b e s t i n l i g h t o f t h e s m a l l n u m b e r o f d a t a p o i n t s , e r r o r a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r e s s u r e e s t i m a t e s , a n d d i s c o r d a n c e b e t w e e n t h e f e l d s p a r a n d F e - T i o x i d e t e m p e r a t u r e c a l c u l a t i o n s . T h e c a l c u l a t e d p r e s s u r e s o f f o r m a t i o n b a s e d o n t h e h o r n b l e n d e / q u a r t z g e o b a r o m e t e r o f H a m m a r s t r o m a n d Z e n ( 1 9 8 6 ) ( 4 . 8 t o 3 . 9 k b a r s ) a r e r e l a t i v e l y c o n s i s t e n t h o w e v e r w i t h t h e p r e s s u r e s d e r i v e d f r o m c o e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r / F e - T i o x i d e e s t i m a t e s ( 4 . 5 k b t o 8 . 9 k b , a v g = 6 . 3 k b f o r F e - T i o x i d e / c o - e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r ) ( F i g . 4 1 ) . C a l i b r a t i o n o f t h e H a m m a r s t r o m a n d Z e n ( 1 9 8 6 ) h o r n b l e n d e g e o b a r o m e t e r b y H o l l i s t e r , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 7 ) a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l 1 5 0 s t u d i e s o n t h e F i s h C a n y o n T u f f b y J o h n s o n a n d R u t h e r f o r d ( 1 9 8 9 ) i n d i c a t e a n a c c u r a c y o f + / - 1 . 0 k b a r . P E T R O G E N E S I S O v e r v i e w F r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d m a g m a m i x i n g a r e u s e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n t o e v a l u a t e p o s s i b l e o r i g i n s o f t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . A l l o f t h e m a j o r a n d m o s t o f t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a ( F i g s . 7 , 8 , 9 , 1 0 ) f o r b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f e x h i b i t a s y s t e m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 8 w t % S i 0 2 t o 7 8 w t % S i 0 2 w i t h s i g n i f i c a n t S i 0 2 g a p s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n t h e t r a c h y d a c i t e a n d r h y o l i t e o f e a c h m e m b e r . T h e s p a n o f c o m p o s i t i o n s c o u l d b e t h e r e s u l t o f o n e o r m o r e p r o c e s s e s a c t i n g o n t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , f o r e x a m p l e ; f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f p a r e n t a l t r a c h y a n d e s i t e , m i x i n g o f f e l s i c a n d m a f i c m a g m a s , a s s i m i l a t i o n o f c o u n t r y r o c k , a n d / o r d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c r u s t a l r o c k . T e s t i n g o f t h e s e p r o c e s s e s h o w e v e r i s r e s t r i c t e d t o f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , m a g m a m i x i n g , a n d p a r t i a l m e l t i n g d u e t o t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f n e c e s s a r y d a t a . W h o l e p u m i c e a n d p h e n o c r y s t a n a l y s e s f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f p e r m i t t e d i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d m a g m a m i x i n g m o d e l s . R i g o r o u s q u a n t i t a t i v e a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d 1 5 1 p a r t i a l m e l t i n g m o d e l s h o w e v e r c o u l d n o t b e t e s t e d d u e t o t h e l a c k o f g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a o n t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f p o t e n t i a l c r u s t a l s o u r c e r o c k s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n r e g i o n . G e o c h e m i c a l d a t a f r o m t h i s s t u d y a n d n e w N d i s o t o p i c d a t a f r o m T e g t m e y e r , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) a r e u s e d t o q u a l i t a t i v e l y e v a l u a t e t h e r o l e o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g a n d a s s i m i l a t i o n i n t h e o r i g i n o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . F r a c t i o n a l C r y s t a l l i z a t i o n R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r M a j o r - e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l l i n g w a s u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n c o u l d p r o d u c e t h e o b s e r v e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l c h a n g e f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o e i t h e r t h e l o w - N b o r h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T e s t i n g o f R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n u s i n g t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a w a s a l s o p e r f o r m e d t o e i t h e r s u p p o r t o r r e j e c t t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t r e g r e s s i o n s . M a j o r - e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n w a s d o n e i n a s t e p w i s e f a s h i o n w i t h e a c h m o d e l s p a n n i n g a r a n g e o f 4 t o 7 w t % S i O Z . S t e p w i s e m o d e l l i n g w a s p a r t i c u l a r l y i m p o r t a n t f o r d e t e r m i n i n g i f c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n c o u l d a c c o u n t n o t o n l y f o r t h e i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e b u t a l s o w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e S i O Z g a p s o b s e r v e d i n t h e d a t a s e t 1 5 2 r e p r e s e n t e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l i n t e r f a c e s w i t h i n t h e m a g m a c h a m b e r . I f a l a y e r e d m a g m a t i c s y s t e m e x i s t e d i n t h e c h a m b e r , t h e n a r e a s o n a b l e f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n m o d e l w o u l d b e u n l i k e l y a s t h e m a g m a s a t t h e i n t e r f a c e s h o u l d n o t b e r e l a t e d b y c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n . I f t h e 5 1 0 2 g a p s d o n o t p r e v e n t m o d e l l i n g o f f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n t h e n p e r h a p s s o m e o t h e r p r o c e s s s u c h a s s a m p l e b i a s , e r u p t i o n d y n a m i c s , o r m a g m a t i c f l u i d d y n a m i c s i s n e e d e d t o e x p l a i n t h e S i O Z g a p s . A t o t a l o f s e v e n m o d e l s w e r e t e s t e d f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( T a b l e 6 ) . M o d e l s 1 t h r u 4 c o n s e c u t i v e l y e v a l u a t e d t h e c h a n g e i n c o m p o s i t i o n f r o m t h e l e a s t e v o l v e d m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n ( s a m p l e R 2 1 - 1 3 , 5 7 w t % S i O Z ) t o a l o w - N b r h y o l i t e a t 7 0 w t % S i 0 2 ( s a m p l e R 1 8 - 2 ) . M o d e l s 5 t h r u 7 w e r e u s e d t o e v a l u a t e t h e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( s a m p l e R 1 1 — 7 , 7 8 w t % S i 0 2 ) f r o m t h e l o w - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e , a n d , f r o m t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e . T h e m a j o r - e l e m e n t r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l s w e r e p e r f o r m e d u s i n g t h e c o m p o s i t i o n s o f w h o l e — p u m i c e s a m p l e s a n d t h e i r c o r r e s p o n d i n g p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e s . T h e s e d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 7 . T h e l e a s t e v o l v e d p u m i c e s a m p l e ( s a m p l e R 2 1 - 1 3 ) w a s u s e d a s t h e s t a r t i n g c o m p o s i t i o n a n d w a s r e g r e s s e d a g a i n s t a s l i g h t l y m o r e e v o l v e d p u m i c e s a m p l e u s i n g v a r i o u s c o m b i n a t i o n s o f m a j o r p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s p r e s e n t i n t h e p a r e n t a l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t ( t r a c e p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s s u c h a s a l l a n i t e , a p a t i t e a n d c h e v k i n i t e 1 5 3 T A B L E 6 . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r : M a j o r - e l e m e n t M u l t i p l e L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n M o d e l s M b d e l 1 R 2 1 - 1 3 = - 0 . 1 8 5 + 0 . 7 5 5 R 1 1 — 5 + 0 . 0 6 4 1 P L G + 0 . 1 7 3 H R N + 0 . 0 1 2 M T + 0 . 0 8 5 6 I L M R = 1 0 0 S S = 0 . 0 9 M b d e l 2 R 1 1 — 5 = - 0 . 2 0 2 + 0 . 8 0 6 R 2 3 - 2 6 + 0 . 1 0 2 P L G + 0 . 0 2 7 6 B I O + 0 . 0 5 8 3 C P X + 0 . 1 7 0 M T + 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 I L M R = 1 0 0 S S = 0 . 1 5 M b d e l 3 R 2 3 - 2 6 = 0 . 0 0 3 9 + 0 . 5 0 4 R 2 3 - 1 3 + 0 . 2 5 9 P L G + 0 . 1 7 5 K S P + 0 . 0 1 9 1 3 1 0 + 0 . 0 2 8 0 C P X + 0 . 0 1 5 2 M T + 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 I L M R 2 = 1 0 0 3 5 = 0 . 0 4 M b d e l 4 R 2 3 - 1 3 = 0 . 4 8 1 + 0 . 7 7 7 R 1 8 - 2 + 0 . 0 8 6 4 P L G + 0 . 0 8 5 2 K S P + 0 . 0 0 5 6 C P X + 0 . 1 3 0 M T - 0 . 0 0 7 8 I L M R = 1 0 0 S S = 0 . 1 5 M b d e l 5 R 2 3 - 1 3 = 0 . 0 1 6 3 + 0 . 6 3 8 R 1 8 - 1 6 + 0 . 1 6 4 P L G + 0 . 1 4 7 K S P + 0 . 0 4 1 8 B I O + 0 . 0 7 6 9 M T + 0 . 0 0 0 1 I L M R = 1 0 0 S S = 0 . 0 0 M o d e l 6 R 2 3 - 1 3 = 0 . 1 0 7 + 0 . 7 2 6 R 1 1 - 7 + 0 . 1 8 4 P L G + 0 . 0 6 3 K S P + 0 . 0 2 7 B I O + 0 . 0 1 M T R = 1 0 0 S S = 0 . 0 9 M b d e l 7 R 1 8 - 1 6 . 0 5 1 + 0 . 8 6 1 R 1 1 - 7 + 0 . 0 4 5 P L G + 0 . 1 1 1 Q T Z 0 . 0 0 2 M T 1 1 + 0 R 2 = 1 0 0 3 3 0 . 1 0 W u u g m u n o 0 0 0 S - 0 - 0 ' " u 0 m 0 - 0 - 9 0 u 0 0 9 m ' 0 . - - 0 0 9 w r 0 o c : m m - o 0 . - - - o o o 0 o o - - - - - - - - - o o o o 0 . 1 3 q u 1 a m ’ o m 9 p 9 9 n s v 9 c 5 0 t 6 w “ o 0 r 9 r r 1 o - - - 9 0 1 ' 0 o w ' : o 8 0 - m 9 0 o o o 0 - - ! o 0 - - : o 0 m 1 1 9 1 : 1 0 J a q m a w o 0 0 9 0 o 0 ' « n 2 9 9 0 s 9 0 0 2 ' - 0 o ' 0 0 o o d - - - - 0 - - 0 0 0 . o 0 - 0 0 3 9 3 w J a o g 0 0 u 8 0 2 r : 1 r 9 0 0 : 2 0 0 0 ? I . 9 o m 0 9 9 n { n s M L 0 n n n 0 m 9 5 h ( 9 6 9 6 w ) ! o 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ! 0 0 0 ! 1 o 0 0 1 o ' ' o ' o ‘ o o o o 1 o m u g a u a m . 1 L : L 5 m i : ‘ 0 o 6 m s 9 a w 9 L 9 1 [ 5 m $ 5 p t 9 8 0 1 O t o 9 1 0 r 0 a r 0 0 r : 6 9 9 0 9 o r 1 : 7 1 2 9 0 s ' ' n u 0 9 : ' : “ 6 o ' 7 1 s 0 0 9 o o 0 s 0 0 o 0 0 9 0 . s O ! 1 0 m . : ! S u m a p o o m ' o 2 s $ l w n o 0 £ 6 s 5 m 1 m L : 6 r 0 9 L : 9 r 5 9 r 9 0 2 1 ' e o ; o ' m ' 0 x 8 o - - 6 0 s 0 6 - - 1 s - - - 0 9 9 ! 6 u o y c z g 9 9 9 m 0 n 9 9 2 2 : 9 n " 9 9 L 9 9 8 1 ' m ' ‘ - ' n n ' n 9 o 9 m S 0 : : : 0 o 9 0 N 0 - " 9 - 9 9 - - 9 0 - - - c V 9 9 9 5 9 a [ 9 9 o o t o 9 1 s n a [ w 0 m Z n ( 9 I ( 6 n 9 a 9 9 5 9 o m “ 0 a o 9 0 s 9 e 0 r 0 6 0 ' 0 “ 9 I 9 . : z 0 " - - 1 - - - 1 s n ' o 0 ' " 0 0 - - - " 0 0 0 : m ) s " G 1 ) r e n n ! c o o 0 : o 9 0 9 £ v a o : : 9 9 u 5 w s z o [ [ 9 9 9 s p o 9 0 s 9 9 0 9 ' 0 2 0 e 9 2 o n 9 » 9 o 9 2 0 0 a m ' t 5 ' n ' n ! m : o ' ' ' 0 m 0 0 0 1 1 0 : 1 1 ! n 0 ) 0 : : : : ! n ! : s n s n o m s W 5 9 w ( p 0 " [ : 5 £ 0 w o u 0 c c u z 2 o 3 ' ' m r 0 6 9 9 2 2 5 6 9 9 o ' 5 O : r n a 1 n m : I d m ) ! : n . . 2 ! 9 9 5 ' 5 6 9 0 o 1 : s E m : 7 I 9 0 0 o e m o 9 1 9 9 0 ; 1 1 u l o o a ‘ p [ o u [ 5 { 2 m 9 9 5 9 6 a a I u m 9 w 5 o 6 9 L 9 a 6 : o 9 9 9 9 : C : 9 o 5 9 o g m ' ' : 9 l m 0 " 9 m m 0 5 ' n n m u ‘ ' ' : t : 9 0 C 0 0 q ! ! 1 : " 2 : w n 1 1 : m 8 5 0 : 0 ! 1 o 0 a o g u ‘ m m 1 ° 0 ‘ a a r n W 9 o 9 9 0 9 0 9 6 : 9 6 ° d s c ” s ) . ; : 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 . 9 1 . 5 u 0 : 0 m m 9 s 2 0 s : 2 1 9 - - - - - - - 9 s s 1 0 o « 0 0 o M m w 1 2 m 9 a 9 9 8 p u n a ! . 0 1 ! l z 1 l 1 | : z : : 2 z : : I 2 : s 9 6 9 9 L I o 9 l z a 5 a 5 1 o 6 a n L 9 6 o 9 9 3 5 5 1 3 0 m 1 a 1 1 1 " a . ] n . - l m o ' ' a a x m x m u a x I m o ' ' u - m M o m m ° o m a m l a a s a I M 3 z m m m m m a m m a n m a N n m m a m m m n e o x a o n d ' ‘ ‘ e 2 r s H s t m E 9 o m s s m s m m ! i ! - m u m s ! l n s ! w u 1 5 4 ‘ 0 ‘ L 0 0 0 0 0 z 0 0 1 3 0 0 ' ' ' ' ' 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 - - - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 : : 1 0 0 0 - - - - - 0 0 - - - - - - - - ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0 - - - 1 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 L 9 5 1 : 0 0 L 0 : 5 1 0 9 0 L t 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ' ' a 0 ' 0 ' 0 0 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o - - 0 0 0 1 - - - - 0 - - n ‘ 5 0 9 n z N 9 L z L 1 : 0 0 ' 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 o o 0 ' ' 0 o o ' 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 c 0 9 L 9 9 9 0 : L L 6 0 1 1 : m 0 0 1 5 o 5 : 2 0 L 5 5 9 9 0 m “ ' ' ' 1 z ' 0 0 ' 0 0 ' ' ' o 0 0 : 9 : 0 1 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 5 8 L 0 0 6 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 : ) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : : 0 1 ‘ 9 6 1 5 9 9 6 9 1 : 0 L 9 9 6 6 6 0 0 1 1 1 z : z 9 0 6 9 a o 9 1 9 9 0 : 0 0 : z 9 1 : : 0 1 9 0 0 1 ' : o 1 6 1 1 9 9 L u 0 ' 0 6 0 0 ' 0 0 ' ' 0 m . 9 9 : 1 : 0 : : 0 0 5 0 : 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 : 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 1 : 6 6 6 9 6 9 0 6 6 9 : : : 9 : 1 0 : 0 9 9 9 9 u 1 1 1 9 : L 9 u 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 : 5 5 9 1 5 ' ' ' 0 ' 0 ' ' m ' ' ' 0 0 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0 5 5 : 0 0 5 6 - - - - 1 1 - - - 5 0 5 0 9 9 0 ‘ 6 9 9 9 : 0 9 9 9 9 9 6 0 6 0 6 : L : 6 : 5 : $ 1 0 ' ' ' “ ' ' ' 1 ' ' ' 0 : L L 0 : : z : : 0 6 9 0 0 : 0 9 0 0 9 0 9 - - - - - - - - 1 : 5 : 1 1 6 9 9 1 5 6 9 9 5 9 9 5 : : 0 9 6 9 0 9 1 0 1 1 : 5 : : : m 0 6 9 0 6 5 9 9 L : 3 0 z z : z z 6 9 : ) L 0 6 9 5 : 9 z 9 1 9 9 9 6 1 ' : 0 5 L 1 0 : 5 9 ' ' ' ' 1 ' o 1 ‘ ' 1 9 0 : : ) o 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 z 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - - - - - - - 1 1 z c 5 6 9 5 L 9 0 0 9 0 9 L m 9 : 9 9 6 6 9 9 o 0 9 9 : : 1 1 1 m : : 0 0 9 : 9 0 0 ' ' o ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 0 0 0 0 6 L 9 5 9 0 9 1 6 0 0 0 1 9 9 0 L : 6 1 0 5 0 9 1 ' 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 : 1 0 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 8 L 0 6 9 0 9 L 9 z : : : : : : : 5 1 1 : 5 1 0 0 9 0 0 9 L 9 9 9 0 0 1 1 : 1 9 1 : 6 9 5 9 : : 9 9 : 3 ' ' : 1 5 9 s 9 5 0 0 6 : 0 z L 1 1 1 5 . 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 t 0 1 1 1 1 1 : : : : 5 0 : 1 1 9 9 z 9 ' 0 0 L 9 6 1 9 : 9 5 1 L ‘ 0 ‘ 9 9 9 L 5 9 u o 5 L L 5 u : 5 o 9 1 : a z 1 1 9 9 9 L 6 9 6 9 0 6 0 1 1 0 : 0 0 9 9 : 9 9 6 9 9 z : 5 9 1 9 z 5 6 : : : z : : 1 1 0 n 9 : 0 m 5 9 5 9 9 6 m 0 0 9 : z ' ' n 9 ' ' ' ' ' “ 1 1 z 1 0 z 0 0 0 6 1 0 : : 1 : ! ! 1 z z : z z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 0 9 L 5 L L 8 u 5 5 : a 5 9 6 8 L a 6 9 6 9 9 9 : 1 ‘ : 9 0 z : 0 1 : 9 : 9 9 0 1 : L L 9 L 1 L 6 o 0 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' u - - - - - - - - - z 1 z 9 5 9 9 0 m 0 0 : 9 0 5 n 9 1 9 9 0 9 n 9 6 s 9 9 9 L L L L 9 : 5 5 L L 9 : 9 9 9 9 6 L L 3 1 1 1 ' w I n m 0 9 5 9 5 L 9 9 5 L z : z : z : 8 6 0 9 9 L 9 : 6 0 : 6 0 1 z : 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 5 9 9 9 5 5 5 5 : : : : 9 : : : : : 9 9 : 9 5 s 5 9 9 9 5 5 9 9 c v 0 e o o o u n 1 9 X « ‘ ' m M W 9 « 1 . 1 2 a . ' 1 1 1 m m 1 1 1 m o - - - 0 0 0 1 9 9 ' n 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 : 5 1 1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 m o o d 3 a m ' ' m m 1 0 m m n n 1 n 9 2 3 3 3 . u 1 9 9 9 1 d d 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 0 1 d 0 0 1 4 1 1 M m 8 6 8 l n n l o o ' ‘ h ' 1 O a u : I O 9 I 1 ' 0 1 5 9 0 m - a - 1 i d 0 l 1 s z L S m 9 1 m : s z o c a 1 1 v 1 ' n 1 1 u 9 n m s u L l ! 1 . L 1 5 5 1 5 6 w e r e n o t u s e d i n t h e m o d e l s a s t h e s e p h a s e s w e r e n o t c h e m i c a l l y a n a l y z e d w i t h t h e m i c r o p r o b e , a n d , b e c a u s e t h e s e p h a s e s h a v e l i t t l e a f f e c t o n t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t r e g r e s s i o n ) . F o r e a c h m o d e l , t h e s e l e c t i o n o f t h e b e s t f i t w a s b a s e d o n s e v e r a l c r i t e r i a : 1 ) a c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t ( R 2 ) o f 0 . 9 9 t o 1 . 0 , 2 ) a s u m o f t h e s q u a r e o f t h e r e s i d u a l s ( S S ) l e s s t h a n 0 . 3 , 3 ) a p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f t h e p a r e n t a l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t a n d 4 ) g e o l o g i c a l l y r e a s o n a b l e p e r c e n t a g e s o f e a c h f r a c t i o n a t i n g p h a s e . F o r e a c h m o d e l , s e v e r a l p h e n o c r y s t a s s e m b l a g e s w e r e g e o l o g i c a l l y v i a b l e a n d p r o d u c e d r e a s o n a b l e s t a t i s t i c a l r e s u l t s . T h e s e b e s t f i t m o d e l s w e r e t h e n r i g o r o u s l y t e s t e d b y u s i n g t h e R a y l e i g h t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f o r e a c h r e g r e s s i o n a s s e m b l a g e . U s i n g t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n t e c h n i q u e , i t w a s f o u n d t h a t t h e e n t i r e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o b s e r v e d i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c o u l d b e m o d e l l e d b y p u r e c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n . E a c h m a j o r e l e m e n t r e g r e s s i o n w a s s u c c e s s f u l a t p r o d u c i n g a s t a t i s t i c a l l y a n d g e o l o g i c a l l y r e a s o n a b l e f r a c t i o n a t i n g m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e . T h e s e b e s t f i t m o d e l s a n d t h e i r s t a t i s t i c s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 6 . P l a g i o c l a s e a n d m a g n e t i t e a r e c o n s i s t e n t l y p r e s e n t a s f r a c t i o n a t i n g p h a s e s w h i l e p o t a s s i u m f e l d s p a r , b i o t i t e , c l i n o p y r o x e n e , a n d i l m e n i t e a r e c o m m o n l y p r e s e n t . 1 5 7 H o r n b l e n d e a n d q u a r t z a r e f r a c t i o n a t e d o n l y i n t h e f i r s t a n d l a s t s t e p s r e s p e c t i v e l y , b u t a r e t h e d o m i n a n t f r a c t i o n a t i n g p h a s e i n e a c h o f t h e s e s t e p s ( T a b l e 6 ) . O f i n t e r e s t i n t h e s e m o d e l s i s t h e a p p a r e n t f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f h o r n b l e n d e b e f o r e c l i n o p y r o x e n e . R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) n o t e s a s i m i l a r e f f e c t f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r b u t d i s c o u n t s h o r n b l e n d e a s a n i n i t i a l f r a c t i o n a t i n g p h a s e d u e t o t h e l i m i t e d o c c u r r e n c e a n d p a u c i t y o f h o r n b l e n d e i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . A d d i t i o n a l l y , m a n y o f t h e h o r n b l e n d e g r a i n s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h a v e r e s o r p t i o n t e x t u r e s . T h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s d i f f e r e n t i n t h a t h o r n b l e n d e i s u b i q u i t o u s i n p u m i c e s a m p l e s o v e r a c o n s i d e r a b l e r a n g e o f w h o l e p u m i c e c o m p o s i t i o n s ( T a b l e 2 ) . C l i n o p y r o x e n e w a s t e s t e d a s a f r a c t i o n a t i n g p h a s e i n m o d e l 1 b u t c o n s i s t e n t l y r e s u l t e d i n v e r y p o o r s t a t i s t i c s ( S S > 2 . 0 ) a n d a n e g a t i v e c o e f f i c i e n t ( f r a c t i o n a t e d f r o m d a u g h t e r c o m p o s i t i o n ) . T r a c e e l e m e n t t e s t i n g p r o v i d e s a m o r e r i g o r o u s t e s t o f t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l s . F o r t h i s s t u d y R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n w a s a s s u m e d . T h e R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n e q u a t i o n t a k e n f r o m C o x , e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 9 ) i s g i v e n b e l o w : - 0 — 1 c D — C P F ( 1 w h e r e : C D = t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c . i n d a u g h t e r m a g m a C P = t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c . i n p a r e n t m a g m a F = f r a c t i o n o f m e l t r e m a i n i n g D = b u l k d i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t 1 5 8 R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n a s s u m e s p e r h a p s s o m e w h a t i d e a l l y , b u t n o t u n r e a l i s t i c a l l y , t h a t t h e p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s f r a c t i o n a t e d a r e c o m p l e t e l y r e m o v e d f r o m t h e s y s t e m ( o r c o n t a c t w i t h t h e m e l t ) . T h u s p h e n o c r y s t s w i l l n o t u n d e r g o a n y r e - e q u i l i b r a t i o n a s t h e y p a s s t h r o u g h m a g m a o f s l i g h t l y t o s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s o n t h e w a y t o t h e i r f i n a l r e s t i n g p l a c e . S o m e a n a l y z e d t r a c e e l e m e n t s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r b e h a v e c o m p a t i b l y w i t h i n c r e a s i n g S i O 2 a n d t h u s a r e u n u s a b l e f o r f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l l i n g . W i t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s p a n n i n g s u c h a l a r g e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e i t w a s u n l i k e l y t o e x p e c t m o s t e l e m e n t s t o b e i n c o m p a t i b l e t h r o u g h t h e c o m p l e t e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e . T h u s t r a c e e l e m e n t s w e r e c h o s e n i f t h e y e x h i b i t e d i n c o m p a t i b l e b e h a v i o r f o r a t l e a s t a p o r t i o n o f t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e . O n l y R b a p p e a r s t o s t e a d i l y i n c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n c o n t i n u o u s l y a c r o s s t h e e n t i r e c o m p o s i t i o n a l s p a n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( F i g . 8 ) . R b h o w e v e r , d o e s n o t b e h a v e a s a p e r f e c t l y i n c o m p a t i b l e e l e m e n t a s t h e f i n a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s h o u l d b e 6 0 9 p p m a s c o m p a r e d t o 1 6 8 p p m i n s a m p l e R 1 1 - 7 ( h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ) b a s e d o n R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n ( a n i n i t i a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 6 7 p p m ( C p ) i n t h e l e a s t e v o l v e d p u m i c e s a m p l e R 2 1 - 1 3 , a r e s i d u a l m e l t v o l u m e o f 1 1 % ( F ) , a n d a b u l k D o f 0 . 0 ) . R b i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i s 1 5 9 m o s t l i k e l y b u f f e r e d b y t h e r e m o v a l o f s a n i d i n e a n d b i o t i t e ( K d m a x = 2 . 4 t o 5 . 3 r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . T h u s , t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t s u l t i m a t e l y c h o s e n f o r t e s t i n g w e r e T h , S c , R b , L a , C e , Y b a n d L u . I d e a l l y , d i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s s h o u l d b e a n a l y t i c a l l y d e t e r m i n e d f o r e a c h i n d i v i d u a l m a g m a t i c s y s t e m a s e l e m e n t a l d i s t r i b u t i o n i s d i r e c t l y c o n t r o l l e d b y t e m p e r a t u r e , p r e s s u r e , v o l a t i l e p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e , a n d c h e m i c a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( c f . G r e e n l a n d , 1 9 7 0 ; H a r t a n d A l l e g r e , 1 9 8 0 ) . F o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , p h e n o c r y s t a b u n d a n c e a n d s a m p l e p r e p a r a t i o n t i m e p r o v e d t o o r e s t r i c t i v e t o p e r m i t f o r i n d i v i d u a l K d a n a l y s e s . T h u s d i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r t h i s s t u d y w e r e c o m p i l e d f r o m A r t h a n d H a n s o n ( 1 9 7 5 ) , A r t h ( 1 9 7 6 ) , H e n d e r s o n ( 1 9 8 2 ) , M a h o o d a n d H i l d r e t h ( 1 9 8 3 ) , H y n d m a n ( 1 9 8 5 ) , N a s h a n d C r e c r a f t ( 1 9 8 5 ) , B a c o n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 7 ) , a n d S p e l l a n d K y l e ( 1 9 8 9 ) . D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m t h e s e s o u r c e s w i t h c o n s i d e r a t i o n g i v e n t o c h o o s i n g K d v a l u e s f o r a p p r o p r i a t e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s a n d t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e m a x i m u m K d r a n g e o f a n e l e m e n t w a s n o t e d f o r a g i v e n m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n . F o r N b a n d Y h o w e v e r , K d v a l u e s f o r t h e f e l d s p a r s , m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e a r e o n l y a v a i l a b l e f o r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a n d t h u s w e r e u s e d b y d e f a u l t f o r t h e m o r e m a f i c f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l s . T h e K d v a l u e s u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 8 . 1 6 0 T a b l e 8 . D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s u s e d f o r f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n m o d e l l i n g i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . M a g m a C o m p o s i t i o n A n d e s i t e D a c i t e R h y o l i t e P l a g i o c l a s e T h 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 1 4 S C 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 6 R b 0 . 4 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 1 6 - 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 4 1 N b - - 1 - - - - Y 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 2 9 L a 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 3 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 4 9 C e 0 . 0 8 5 - 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 4 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 7 Y b 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 9 1 L u 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 3 - 1 . 4 0 . 0 4 6 S a n i d i n e T h 0 . 0 1 — 0 . 0 3 S c 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 6 R b 0 . 1 1 - 2 . 4 N b - - - - - - Y — — — — - - L a 0 . 0 3 7 - 0 . 1 1 C e 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 1 0 Y b 0 . 0 0 5 - 0 . 0 4 L u 0 . 0 0 6 - 0 . 0 7 Q u a r t z T h 0 . 0 0 6 - 0 . 0 1 0 S c 0 . 0 1 0 - 0 . 0 1 5 R b 0 . 0 1 2 - 0 . 0 1 6 N b - - - - - - Y - - — - - - L a 0 . 0 1 2 - 0 . 0 1 8 C e 0 . 0 0 6 - 0 . 0 1 8 Y b 0 . 0 1 2 - 0 . 0 2 5 L u 0 . 0 0 2 - 0 . 0 2 4 B i o t i t e T h 0 . 2 7 - 2 . 0 S c 4 . 9 - 2 0 . 0 R b 3 . 2 6 2 . 2 4 - 5 . 3 2 . 2 4 N b 4 . 0 - 9 . 5 Y 1 . 0 - 1 . 4 L a 0 . 3 9 - 1 5 . 1 C e 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 7 - 1 1 . 0 0 . 3 1 Y b 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 8 - 3 . 0 0 . 1 8 L u 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 9 - 3 . 4 0 . 3 3 T D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s c u r r e n t l y n o t a v a i l a b l e . 1 6 1 T a b l e 8 . C o n t i n u e d . M a g m a C o m p o s i t i o n A n d e s i t e D a c i t e R h y o l i t e H o r n b l e n d e T h 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 3 - 0 . 2 2 S o 1 2 2 . 1 - 2 0 R b 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 0 0 7 7 - 0 . 0 1 4 N b 0 . 8 1 . 3 4 . 0 Y 1 . 0 2 . 5 6 . 0 L a 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 3 9 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 4 9 C e 0 . 2 - 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 8 - 1 . 7 7 1 . 5 2 Y b 0 . 2 5 - 2 . 1 4 . 8 9 1 . 3 - 8 . 3 8 7 . 4 5 - 9 L u 0 . 4 3 - 2 . 3 4 . 5 3 1 . 4 - 6 . 3 5 . 5 C l i n o p y r o x e n e T h 0 . 0 1 - 6 . 5 6 S o 1 8 1 8 - 9 6 R b 0 . 4 0 . 0 0 3 - 0 . 5 0 . 0 3 2 N b 0 . 3 0 . 3 - 0 . 8 0 . 8 Y 1 5 1 . 5 - 4 . 0 4 . 0 L a 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 5 - 1 3 . 1 C e 0 . 4 4 0 . 5 - 1 1 . 3 0 . 5 Y b 1 . 8 1 . 5 - 1 1 . 6 1 . 5 L u 2 . 1 2 . 0 - 1 0 . 7 1 . 5 4 O r t h o p y r o x e n e T h 0 . 1 1 - 0 . 1 5 S o 4 . 5 7 . 1 - 9 . 8 R b 0 . 0 4 5 - 0 . 0 2 - - 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 4 N b - - - - - - Y < l . 1 L a 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 4 - 0 . 7 4 < 0 . 4 C e 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 5 - 0 . 8 9 < 0 . 4 Y b 0 . 6 4 - 0 . 7 7 0 . 9 0 - 1 . 4 L u 0 . 7 1 1 . 0 - 1 . 5 M a g n e t i t e T h 0 . 0 4 - 0 . 3 2 S o 1 . 5 - 1 5 . 6 R b 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 7 N b - - - - - - Y - - - — - - L a 0 . 2 4 - 1 . 9 C e 0 . 2 8 - 2 . 7 Y b 0 . 2 0 - 2 . 2 L u 0 . 2 0 - 1 . 5 T a b l e 8 . I l m e n i t e T h S c R b N b Y L a C e Y b L u A p a t i t e T h S c N b L a C e Y b L u Z i r c o n T h S c N b L a C e Y b L u 1 6 2 C o n t i n u e d . M a g m a C o m p o s i t i o n A n d e s i t e D a c i t e R h y o l i t e 0 4 3 - 7 . 5 5 9 - 1 8 5 0 . 0 7 - 0 . 7 1 . 3 1 - 3 2 1 . 1 9 - 2 6 0 . 5 5 - 4 . 1 0 . 7 4 - 3 . 6 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 . 1 2 0 - 4 0 8 . 6 - 2 8 . 2 1 8 - 5 2 1 3 - 3 7 1 1 . 2 - 3 0 . 2 6 2 . 4 - 9 1 . 2 6 0 - 7 7 1 . 1 4 - 2 6 . 6 1 . 1 7 - 2 3 . 5 1 2 8 - 5 6 4 1 9 6 - 6 8 9 1 6 3 I f c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a w a s t h e m e t h o d b y w h i c h t h e m o r e e v o l v e d d a u g h t e r m a g m a f o r m e d , t h e n t h e p r e d i c t e d a n d a c t u a l t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s s h o u l d m a t c h f o r t h e d a u g h t e r m a g m a . R e v i e w o f t h e d a t a i n T a b l e 9 r e v e a l s t h a t f o r a l l o f t h e m o d e l s w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f m o d e l 4 , r e l a t i v e l y f e w o f t h e a c t u a l t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s c o i n c i d e d w i t h t h e p r e d i c t e d r e s u l t s i n a n y g i v e n m o d e l . I n m o d e l 4 ( r h y o l i t e ( 7 0 w t % S i O Z ) t o f o r m h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( 7 5 w t % S i 0 2 ) ) t h r e e o f t h e f o u r i n c o m p a t i b l e t r a c e e l e m e n t s ( T h , R b a n d L u ) m a t c h w e l l , w h i l e Y b i s c l o s e t o t h e a c c e p t a b l e c o n c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e . N o n e o f t h e p r e d i c t e d i n c o m p a t i b l e t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n m o d e l 6 h o w e v e r e n c o m p a s s e d t h e a c t u a l d a u g h t e r m a g m a c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . O n t h i s b a s i s , m o d e l 6 i s u n e q u i v o c a l l y r e j e c t e d . M o d e l s 1 - 3 , 5 a n d 7 a r e e q u i v o c a l a s o n l y o n e o r t w o o f t h e p r e d i c t e d e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e s e n c o m p a s s e s t h e a c t u a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n . T h i s m a y b e d u e t o t h e u s e o f K d ' s f r o m o t h e r c h e m i c a l l y a n d t h e r m o d y n a m i c a l l y d i s t i n c t m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s , t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f s i g n i f i c a n t q u a n t i t i e s o f t r a c e p h a s e s s u c h a s c h e v k i n i t e , m o n a z i t e o r s p h e n e , o r , m a y i n t u r n b e u s e d a s e v i d e n c e t o s u g g e s t t h a t c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n w a s n o t t h e d o m i n a n t p r o c e s s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e o b s e r v e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l d i v e r s i t y i n ' t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A t t h i s t i m e , i t i s n o t c l e a r 2 6 4 . 3 9 2 2 1 ” 8 . 3 . 2 0 9 6 - 0 9 . 8 . . 2 0 2 0 - - 3 9 3 2 . . 9 2 0 7 - 1 1 2 1 9 7 . 6 7 4 8 7 . 3 1 1 6 3 1 8 8 5 5 R . . 7 . . 3 1 3 2 6 1 1 3 0 7 3 2 0 3 . . 6 4 2 2 9 1 . . - 1 3 2 - - 6 . . 0 4 6 - 2 6 . . 1 5 0 2 . . 9 6 4 7 0 9 3 1 1 1 , 0 1 0 5 7 R . 1 4 $ 5 . - 3 1 7 7 7 . 1 0 . 2 8 7 3 1 3 - 1 7 - . 8 3 2 2 . 0 1 9 7 1 3 - 0 2 3 1 2 - - 8 4 1 4 . . 2 0 3 3 9 5 4 4 1 3 6 7 . . 3 3 . . 2 0 . . 1 1 0 0 - - - - 1 5 3 0 0 1 4 4 . . . . 2 2 0 0 - ~ 2 8 9 3 . 1 . 0 1 5 2 7 0 2 9 . 1 . . 3 2 0 . - 3 4 3 2 R 6 4 8 o 7 . 4 6 , n u s 4 6 - 1 6 , n 7 6 2 0 6 8 1 5 8 7 3 . 6 3 7 4 . . 6 8 . 7 9 . 6 0 . 4 3 . u . 3 1 s 9 9 1 8 2 . 0 1 - 6 1 - 0 1 0 0 8 2 4 1 0 1 6 3 4 - - . . 2 0 1 9 - - 3 6 4 1 . 6 4 1 5 . . . 9 1 2 8 1 4 3 2 4 5 7 . . 3 3 0 7 2 7 6 1 4 2 0 . . . 5 . 6 8 9 2 6 8 6 5 1 1 4 6 9 4 0 2 6 0 . . . . 4 4 . . 1 . 0 7 1 6 3 6 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 . 1 1 2 7 - ~ 1 1 0 7 - 5 3 8 6 . . - - - - - 1 2 6 5 1 6 7 7 6 5 0 . . 6 8 5 4 4 5 . 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 7 . 5 3 8 1 , 0 4 1 8 1 7 . 5 . 8 1 1 3 2 . 7 4 2 9 0 . 2 0 1 . 9 6 6 3 2 . - 3 2 - 9 . 1 6 - 7 5 1 1 e 8 l l p e m d a o S M - 2 9 1 . 6 1 7 9 . 8 3 7 8 . 3 1 - 1 - 9 9 . 2 b N e C T a b l e 9 . R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l l i n g f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u l ‘ l ‘ . R 2 1 4 3 - 1 1 1 1 - 5 1 1 1 1 - 5 - 1 1 2 3 - 2 6 R 2 3 - 2 6 - R 2 3 4 3 R 2 3 4 3 - R 1 8 - 2 R 1 8 4 6 - R 1 1 - 7 5 1 0 , 9 0 7 0 - 7 5 $ 1 0 , 7 0 . 7 6 $ 1 0 , 7 7 . 7 6 s u n , 2 3 4 5 6 7 T h 2 2 . 6 6 - 2 1 5 8 2 1 . 8 0 2 3 3 1 - 2 1 . 0 4 4 3 . 2 6 - 3 5 . 9 1 2 5 . 2 3 3 7 . 0 2 - 3 3 . 3 1 3 3 . 7 2 3 7 . 1 6 - 3 5 . 5 8 3 6 5 4 - 3 6 . 5 1 2 1 . 1 1 9 . 3 8 - 8 . 6 4 9 . 4 3 9 . 3 1 - 8 . 7 5 5 . 2 6 6 . 7 5 - 1 . 0 2 4 . 1 3 4 . 7 5 - 1 . 6 4 1 . 6 1 5 . 1 2 - 1 . 8 7 5 . 8 4 - 4 . 1 3 3 . 0 5 . 4 2 - 4 . 5 0 4 . 1 0 3 . 4 8 - 3 . 4 7 4 . 1 0 8 8 . 4 3 - 8 6 . 0 7 1 2 3 . 1 2 1 6 4 . 8 7 - 1 3 7 . 1 2 1 5 5 . 2 2 1 6 8 . 7 3 - 1 3 5 . 1 7 1 6 8 . 6 8 - 1 3 1 . 7 4 1 4 4 . 7 7 1 5 2 . 2 4 - 1 3 7 . 4 6 2 3 8 . 4 2 1 6 8 . 0 9 - 1 6 7 . 5 4 2 3 8 . 4 2 - 1 6 . 1 5 - 1 3 . 1 4 1 9 . 2 8 - 1 9 . 1 7 2 0 . 4 2 1 9 . 1 8 - 1 7 . 3 8 1 9 . 1 4 - 1 7 . 2 6 1 1 . 1 2 1 2 . 9 0 3 1 . 1 6 2 4 . 7 4 - 2 2 . 3 0 1 4 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 2 - 1 9 . 2 6 2 2 5 6 2 1 . 0 7 - 2 0 . 1 5 1 9 . 0 2 - 1 8 . 6 8 3 2 . 1 7 2 1 . 0 9 - 2 1 . 0 6 3 2 . 1 7 1 1 6 . 2 5 - 9 0 5 8 3 1 . 4 0 1 2 1 . 9 7 - 8 1 . 4 0 1 2 2 . 8 7 - 8 9 . 0 6 3 6 . 6 8 4 2 5 2 - 4 2 . 4 2 2 3 . 6 7 2 0 1 . 4 2 - 1 8 2 . 9 2 1 9 0 5 5 2 2 7 8 7 - 2 2 0 . 7 7 1 7 3 . 3 5 2 3 4 . 0 3 - 2 0 7 . 7 2 2 0 8 . 1 3 - 1 6 7 . 6 3 7 9 . 4 4 2 2 0 . 8 1 - 1 5 9 . 2 0 2 2 1 . 9 7 - 2 0 1 . 2 6 8 5 . 2 3 Y b 3 . 8 3 - 3 . 7 5 L U 3 . 9 1 - 3 . 7 9 0 . 5 5 - 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 7 - 0 . 5 6 0 . 3 9 0 . 5 8 - 0 . 5 7 1 6 4 1 6 5 h o w s i g n i f i c a n t a r o l e c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n p l a y e d i n p r o d u c i n g t h e o b s e r v e d m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s . P r e l i m i n a r y d a t a f r o m p h e n o c r y s t g l a s s i n c l u s i o n s t u d i e s b y V o g e l ( 1 9 9 1 , u n p u b l i S h e d d a t a ) i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e m e l t m a j o r e l e m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n s m a t c h a l m o s t e x a c t l y w i t h t h o s e o f t h e g l a s s c o m p o s i n g t h e i n c l u s i o n . T h i s m a y b e f u r t h e r e v i d e n c e t h a t f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n w a s n o t r e s p o n s i b l e f o r g e n e r a t i n g t h e w i d e r a n g e o f m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s o b s e r v e d i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n s y s t e m . A d d i t i o n a l e v i d e n c e a g a i n s t f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n c o m e s f r o m t h e r e c e n t w o r k b y T e g t m e y e r , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) . T h e s e w o r k e r s s u g g e s t t h a t N d i s o t o p e d a t a i n d i c a t e t h a t u p t o 1 0 % c r u s t a l a s s i m i l a t i o n m a y h a v e o c c u r r e d t o m o d i f y t h e o b s e r v e d m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s . E x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e d a t a p l o t t e d o n t h e S p i d e r g r a m s i n F i g u r e 1 2 b a n d e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m i n F i g u r e 1 3 r e v e a l s t h e c o n s i s t e n t d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e m o r e s i l i c i c m a g m a s o f a l l t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t s p l o t t e d e x c e p t f o r R b , T h , K a n d N b . T h e i n c r e a s e i n R b , T h , K a n d N b i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a s t h e s e e l e m e n t s m a y b e h a v e i n c o m p a t i b l y w i t h i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n . T h e o t h e r t r a c e e l e m e n t s a r e m o r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e m o d a l p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s p r e s e n t i n t h e s y s t e m , t h u s t h e d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e s e e l e m e n t s m a y r e f l e c t t h e f o r m a t i o n a n d r e m o v a l o f p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s W i t h i n t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c g r o u p s ( F i g s . 4 , 5 a ) . 1 6 6 A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r F r a c t i o n a t i o n a n d m a g m a m i x i n g w e r e t e s t e d b y R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) a s p o s s i b l e p r o c e s s e s b y w h i c h t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c o u l d b e f o r m e d . T h e f u n d a m e n t a l m e t h o d s a n d c o n c l u s i o n s d r a w n b y R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) a r e s o u n d a n d d o n o t n e e d t o b e r e p e a t e d h e r e i n d e t a i l . T h u s a b r i e f s y n o p s i s o f R o s e ' s ( 1 9 8 8 ) d i s c u s s i o n a n d c o n c l u s i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . D a t a u s e d b y R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) a r e r e p r o d u c e d i n t h i s m a n u s c r i p t f o r c o m p l e t e n e s s . A s w i t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , p u r e c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n w a s t e s t e d a s a m o d e l f o r t h e o r i g i n o f t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e ( 5 9 w t % t o 7 8 w t % S i O Z ) o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . B o t h m a j o r e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n a n d R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s w e r e u s e d . C h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s o f w h o l e p u m i c e m a y b e f o u n d i n A p p e n d i x 2 . C h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s o f p h e n o c r y s t s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 1 0 . D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l l i n g w e r e c o m p i l e d f r o m t h e l i t e r a t u r e a n d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 1 1 ( s e e r e f e r e n c e s f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s e c t i o n ) . T h e m a j o r e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n t e c h n i q u e w a s d o n e i n s i x s t e p s b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e l e a s t e v o l v e d p u m i c e s a m p l e ( 5 9 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) a n d p r o c e e d e d c o n s e c u t i v e l y t h r o u g h m o r e e v o l v e d m a g m a c o m p o s i t i o n s a n d f i n a l l y t o a h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e c o m p o s i t i o n ( 7 8 w t % S i O Z ) . T h e r e s u l t i n g r e g r e s s i o n e q u a t i o n s w e r e 1 6 7 T a b l e 1 0 . M i n e r a l a n a l y s e s u s e d i n r e g r e s s i o n s f o r c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . P l a g i o c l a s e S a m p l e A 5 - 7 5 A 5 - 6 3 A 5 - 7 2 A 5 - 7 1 A 5 - 5 8 A 5 - 3 5 S t e p 1 2 3 4 5 6 M i n e r a l I D 9 2 3 8 7 7 6 1 1 5 2 7 8 1 0 2 5 5 . 1 7 5 8 . 1 5 5 8 . 8 4 5 7 . 7 7 6 1 . 2 8 6 3 . 9 5 A 1 2 0 3 2 8 . 8 6 2 6 . 2 6 2 5 . 3 3 2 6 . 5 1 2 3 . 7 0 2 2 . 5 9 F e O 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 8 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 2 6 M g O 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C a O 9 . 6 5 6 . 6 7 6 . 5 7 6 . 8 4 4 . 6 8 2 . 7 7 N a Z O 5 . 2 5 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 7 6 . 9 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 7 1 K 2 0 0 . 5 4 1 . 2 7 1 . 3 8 1 . 0 1 1 . 4 0 1 . 7 2 B a O 0 . 1 8 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 9 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 T o t a l 9 9 . 9 0 9 9 . 8 0 9 9 . 9 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 9 . 8 8 1 0 0 . 0 0 S a n i d i n e S a m p l e A 5 - 7 l A 5 - 5 8 A S - 3 5 S t e p 4 5 6 M i n e r a l I D 6 5 1 4 2 8 8 1 0 2 6 5 . 2 1 6 4 . 3 4 6 5 . 4 8 A 1 2 0 3 1 9 . 8 9 2 0 . 0 1 1 9 . 2 9 F e O 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 9 M g O 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C a O 0 . 6 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 3 8 N a z o 4 . 8 4 5 . 7 7 5 . 1 6 8 2 0 9 . 1 7 8 . 5 9 9 . 3 3 B a O 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 2 5 T o t a l 9 9 . 9 9 9 9 . 8 8 9 9 . 9 8 C l i n o p y r o x e n e S a m p l e A 5 - 7 5 A 5 - 6 3 A 5 - 7 2 A 5 - 7 1 A 5 - 5 8 S t e p 1 2 3 4 5 M i n e r a l I D 8 6 3 5 7 2 5 7 1 2 S i O z 5 1 . 8 6 5 2 . 2 9 5 3 . 5 2 5 2 . 9 5 5 2 . 5 4 A 1 2 0 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 4 0 2 . 0 6 1 . 1 7 F e O 7 . 9 4 7 . 5 2 7 . 8 9 7 . 8 6 8 . 2 6 M 9 0 1 5 . 9 0 1 5 . 4 9 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 0 2 1 3 . 6 4 C a O 2 0 . 3 1 2 0 . 7 6 1 8 . 6 7 2 0 . 1 6 2 1 . 9 4 N a Z O 0 . 6 5 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 9 0 . 6 4 0 . 7 6 K 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 T 1 0 2 0 . 4 7 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 8 0 . 2 8 M n O 0 . 6 9 0 . 5 5 0 . 9 3 0 . 8 0 1 . 3 5 P 2 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 B a O 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 T o t a l 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 9 9 1 6 8 T a b l e 1 0 . C o n t i n u e d . M a g n e t i t e S a m p l e A 5 - 7 5 A 5 - 6 3 A 5 - 7 2 A 5 - 7 1 A 5 - 5 8 A 5 - 3 5 S t e p 1 2 3 4 5 6 M i n e r a l I D 9 7 4 2 8 3 6 9 3 2 2 0 C r 2 0 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 3 . 6 1 2 . 8 5 2 . 4 3 1 . 4 7 1 . 0 1 0 . 8 2 M 9 0 3 . 2 5 3 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 1 . 6 6 1 . 2 7 0 . 7 3 F e O 8 4 . 2 0 8 0 . 5 8 8 1 . 5 5 7 9 . 5 4 8 7 . 6 5 9 0 . 1 4 T i 0 2 8 . 0 5 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 7 5 1 5 . 3 5 7 . 7 5 6 . 4 6 M n O 0 . 8 5 1 . 0 1 1 . 4 7 1 . 9 0 2 . 2 9 1 . 8 3 T o t a l 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 B i o t i t e S a m p l e A 5 - 3 5 S t e p 6 M i n e r a l I D 2 5 3 1 0 2 4 0 . 5 8 A 1 2 0 3 1 3 . 6 7 F e O 1 5 . 0 6 M g O 1 6 . 5 6 C a O 0 . 2 8 N a 2 0 0 . 5 8 K 2 0 8 . 0 0 T i 0 2 4 . 5 9 M n O 0 . 4 3 B a O 0 . 2 4 T o t a l 9 9 . 9 9 1 6 9 T a b l e 1 1 . D i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s u s e d f o r R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n m o d e l l i n g o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . P l a g i o c l a s e S a n i d i n e C l i n o p y r o x e n e m a x m i n m a x m i n m a x m i n S c 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 1 1 7 2 1 8 R b 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 1 6 2 . 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 3 2 S r 3 3 1 . 4 5 2 6 3 . 6 0 . 5 1 6 B a 3 . 3 0 . 3 2 4 1 . 0 2 . 3 0 . 1 3 1 C e 0 . 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 2 2 1 . 6 0 . 3 6 Y b 0 . 3 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 5 1 1 . 6 1 . 1 4 T h 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 5 6 . 5 6 0 . 0 1 B i o t i t e M a g n e t i t e m a x m i n m a x m i n S c 2 0 4 . 9 1 5 . 6 1 5 R b 5 . 3 2 . 2 4 0 S r 0 . 5 3 0 . 1 2 0 B a 3 6 3 . 7 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 C e 1 1 . 0 0 . 0 3 7 2 2 . 9 0 . 2 8 Y b 3 0 0 . 1 7 9 2 . 2 0 . 2 T h 2 . 0 0 . 2 7 5 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 1 7 0 g e o l o g i c a l l y r e a s o n a b l e a n d s t a t i s t i c a l l y s o u n d ( R 2 > 9 9 % , S S < 0 . 1 9 ) w h i c h s u p p o r t a n o r i g i n f o r t h e e v o l v e d m a g m a s b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n ( T a b l e 1 2 ) . T e s t i n g o f t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l s b y R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f t r a c e e l e m e n t s a l s o p r o v i d e f a v o r a b l e r e s u l t s a n d a g a i n a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n ( T a b l e 1 3 ) . T h e p r e s e n c e o f d i s e q u i l i b r i u m p h e n o c r y s t s i n m a n y o f t h e p u m i c e s a m p l e s l e d R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) t o e v a l u a t e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f c o m b i n e d f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d m a g m a m i x i n g a s a p o s s i b l e o r i g i n f o r t h e m a g m a t i c s u i t e . T e s t i n g o f t h i s m o d e l b y m a j o r e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n a g a i n p r o d u c e d g e o l o g i c a l l y a n d s t a t i s t i c a l l y r e a s o n a b l e r e s u l t s ( R 2 = 1 0 0 % , S S < O . 2 5 ) ( T a b l e 1 4 ) . B a s e d u p o n t h i s e v i d e n c e , R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e e v o l v e d m a g m a s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w e r e d e r i v e d b y a c o m b i n a t i o n o f f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d m i x i n g o f a h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a n d t r a c h y a n d e s i t e . T h u s f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o b e t h e s o l e m e c h a n i s m f o r t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e w i d e r a n g e o f c o m p o s i t i o n s o b s e r v e d i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r o r A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . T h e m o d e l l i n g d o e s a p p e a r t o b e c o n s i s t e n t h o w e v e r w i t h a f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n / a s s i m i l a t i o n o r f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n / m i x i n g c o m p o n e n t f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 7 1 T a b l e 1 2 . M a j o r e l e m e n t m u l t i p l e l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . S t e p 1 . P a r e n t = A 5 - 7 5 ( 5 9 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) D a u g h t e r - A 5 - 6 3 ( 6 2 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) A 5 - 7 5 - 0 . 0 8 6 9 + 0 . 8 4 8 A 5 - 6 3 + 0 . 0 9 2 3 P l a g + 0 . 0 3 1 6 C p x + 0 . 0 1 7 5 M t R 2 - 1 . 0 0 s s - 0 . 1 5 7 6 S t e p 2 . P a r e n t - A 5 — 6 3 ( 6 2 w t % S i 0 2 ) D a u g h t e r - A 5 - 7 2 ( 6 4 w t % S i 0 2 ) A 5 - 6 3 = 0 . 0 8 9 0 + 0 . 8 9 6 A 5 - 7 2 + 0 . 0 6 1 4 P l a g + 0 . 0 2 1 2 C p x + 0 . 0 0 9 6 M t R 2 - 1 . 0 0 3 3 - 0 . 1 3 2 1 S t e p 3 . P a r e n t - A 5 - 7 2 ( 6 4 w t % S i O Z ) D a u g h t e r - A 5 - 7 1 ( 6 7 w t % 8 1 0 2 ) A 5 - 7 2 - - 0 . 0 0 9 1 + 0 . 7 6 4 A 5 - 7 1 + 0 . 1 9 3 P l a g + 0 . 0 2 8 5 C p x + 0 . 0 1 6 1 M t R 2 = 1 . 0 0 s s - 0 . 1 8 1 4 S t e p 4 . P a r e n t - A 5 - 7 1 ( 6 7 w t % S i 0 2 ) D a u g h t e r - A 5 - 5 8 ( 6 9 w t % S i O Z ) A 5 - 7 1 - 0 . 0 2 2 5 + 0 . 7 1 9 A 5 - 5 8 + 0 . 2 2 K s p + 0 . 0 3 9 6 P l a g + 0 . 0 0 8 8 8 C p x + 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 M t R 2 - 1 . 0 0 8 3 - 0 . 0 7 8 6 5 S t e p 5 . P a r e n t - A 5 - 5 8 ( 6 9 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) D a u g h t e r - A 5 - 3 5 ( 7 3 w t % S i O z ) A 5 - 5 8 - 0 . 0 5 4 7 + 0 . 6 7 2 A 5 - 3 5 + 0 . 2 9 4 K s p + 0 . 0 1 0 9 P l a g + 0 . 0 1 8 1 C p x + 0 . 0 1 4 4 M t R 2 - 1 . 0 0 s s - 0 . 0 0 4 2 9 0 S t e p 6 . P a r e n t - A 5 - 3 5 ( 7 3 w t % S i 0 2 ) D a u g h t e r - A 5 - 3 ( 7 8 w t % S i 0 2 ) A 5 - 3 5 - - 0 . 0 0 6 7 + 0 . 6 9 6 A 5 - 3 + 0 . 0 5 0 3 P l a g + 0 . 2 3 1 K s p + 0 . 0 1 7 6 B i o + 0 . 0 0 6 0 7 M t R 2 - 1 . 0 0 s s - 0 . 0 6 2 2 6 T a b l M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 1 7 2 e 1 3 . R a y l e i g h f r a c t i o n a t i o n t r a c e e l e m e n t m o d e l s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . S t e p 1 2 P a r e n t A 5 - 7 5 A 5 — 6 3 D a u g h t e r A 5 - 6 3 A 5 — 7 2 S c p r e d i c t e d 0 . 0 2 - 4 . 9 0 . 1 4 - 5 . 0 o b s e r v e d 6 . 9 6 . 3 R b p r e d i c t e d 7 5 - 7 9 8 0 - 8 2 o b s e r v e d 7 5 8 0 S r p r e d i c t e d 3 5 - 8 1 1 8 0 — 6 1 0 o b s e r v e d 6 1 5 5 2 4 B a p r e d i c t e d 3 6 4 1 - 5 2 8 8 3 3 7 3 - 4 2 9 8 o b s e r v e d 3 9 9 0 3 5 6 0 C e p r e d i c t e d 7 5 - 2 4 5 1 2 0 - 2 4 7 o b s e r v e d 2 2 8 2 3 8 Y b p r e d i c t e d 1 . 7 - 2 . 7 2 . 0 - 3 . 2 o b s e r v e d 2 . 4 2 . 4 T h p r e d i c t e d 9 . 6 - 1 3 . 3 1 2 . 6 — 1 7 . 4 o b s e r v e d 1 2 . 1 1 3 . 3 S t e p 5 6 P a r e n t A 5 - 5 8 A 5 - 3 5 D a u g h t e r A 5 - 3 5 A 5 - 3 S c p r e d i c t e d 0 . 1 - 3 . 9 1 . 9 - 3 . 0 o b s e r v e d 2 . 3 1 . 3 R b p r e d i c t e d 6 5 - 1 2 0 7 7 - 1 7 7 o b s e r v e d 1 6 4 2 1 6 S r p r e d i c t e d 0 . 0 1 - 5 6 0 . 0 1 - 4 3 o b s e r v e d 8 8 7 B a p r e d i c t e d 0 . 2 - 7 4 2 0 . 3 - 3 9 0 o b s e r v e d 3 9 4 7 4 C e p r e d i c t e d 1 3 4 - 3 2 9 1 2 0 - 1 8 4 o b s e r v e d 1 2 9 5 8 Y b p r e d i c t e d 3 . 0 - 3 . 9 3 . 5 - 3 . 9 o b s e r v e d 2 . 7 2 . 9 T h p r e d i c t e d 2 3 . 7 - 3 0 . 2 3 2 . 0 - 3 4 . 7 o b s e r v e d 2 4 . 3 3 0 . 0 T a b l e 1 4 . 1 7 3 M a g m a m i x i n g m o d e l s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . F r o m R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) . A . M a g m a m i x i n g a n d c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n t o p r o d u c e r h y o l i t e . A 5 - 3 5 - - 0 . 0 4 4 2 + 0 . 5 3 9 A 5 - 7 1 + 0 . 5 1 3 A 5 — 3 - 0 . 0 3 7 2 K s p - 0 . 0 0 7 5 4 P l a g - 0 . 0 0 2 6 6 C p x R 2 = 1 . 0 0 5 3 = 0 . 0 4 6 1 6 H y b r i d - A 5 — 3 5 ( 7 3 w t % S i O z ) M a g m a 1 : A 5 - 7 1 ( 6 7 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) M a g m a 2 : A 5 - 3 ( 7 8 w t % S i O z ) B . M i x i n g o f e n d - m e m b e r m a g m a c o m p o s i t i o n s t o p r o d u c e r h y o l i t e . A 5 - 3 5 - 0 . 0 2 2 + 0 . 5 0 1 A 5 - 7 5 + 0 . 7 0 4 A 5 ~ 3 - 0 . 0 5 8 4 C p x - 0 . 1 3 5 P l a g - 0 . 0 1 4 M t R 2 - 1 . 0 0 5 3 - 0 . 2 4 6 9 H y b r i d - A 5 - 3 5 ( 7 3 w t % $ 1 0 2 ) M a g m a 1 : A 5 - 7 5 ( 5 9 w t % S i 0 2 ) M a g m a 2 : A 5 - 3 ( 7 8 w t % S i O z ) M i n e r a l C o m p o s i t i o n s f o r P a r t A . M i n e r a l C o m p o s i t i o n s f o r P a r t 8 2 . P l a g i o c l a s e S a n i d i n e C l i n o p y r o x e n e C l i n o p y r o x e n e M a g n e t i t e S i 0 2 6 3 . 9 5 6 5 . 4 8 5 2 . 7 5 8 1 0 2 5 2 . 5 0 C r 2 0 3 0 . 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 2 2 . 5 9 1 9 . 2 9 0 . 8 1 A 1 2 0 3 0 . 9 3 A 1 2 0 3 0 . 8 2 F e O 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 9 9 . 0 1 F e O 7 . 7 4 M 9 0 0 . 7 1 M g O 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 . 2 3 M g O 1 4 . 9 6 F e O 9 0 . 1 4 C a O 2 . 7 7 0 . 3 8 2 1 . 4 3 C a O 2 2 . 5 2 T 1 0 2 6 . 4 6 N a Z O 8 . 7 1 5 . 1 6 0 . 6 7 N a 2 0 0 . 4 5 M n O 1 . 8 3 K 2 0 1 . 7 2 9 . 3 3 0 . 0 2 K 2 0 0 . 0 0 T o t a l 9 9 . 9 8 B a O 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 9 B a O 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 2 N A 1 N A 0 . 2 0 T 1 0 2 0 . 2 0 M n O N A N A 1 . 7 6 M n O 0 . 7 0 N i O N A N A 0 . 0 4 N i O 0 . 0 0 T o t a l 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 9 8 1 0 0 . 0 1 T o t a l 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 N A - N o t a n a l y z e d . 2 P l a g i o c l a s e i n P a r t B i s t h e s a m e c o m p o s i t i o n a s i n P a r t A . 1 7 4 A l t h o u g h R o s e ' s ( 1 9 8 8 ) m o d e l l i n g b y f r a c t i o n a t i o n a n d m i x i n g i s p l a u s i b l e , t h e m o d e l p r e f e r r e d h e r e i s t h a t f r a c t i o n a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d m i x i n g w e r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o d i f y i n g a n d e x p a n d i n g t h e r a n g e o f c o m p o s i t i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l m a g m a b a t c h e s i n a n i n i t i a l l y l a y e r e d s y s t e m p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . C o n t i n u e d f r a c t i o n a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n , m i x i n g a n d i n p u t o f n e w m a g m a i n t o t h e s y s t e m p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ' b l u r r e d ' t h e i n i t i a l l a y e r i n g a n d p r o d u c e d a s y s t e m w h i c h n o w a p p e a r s t o b e c o n t i n u o u s l y z o n e d b a s e d o n a c u r s o r y e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e g e o c h e m i c a l , m i n e r a l o g i c a l a n d g e o t h e r m o m e t r i c d a t a . E x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e d a t a p l o t t e d o n t h e s p i d e r g r a m s i n F i g u r e 1 5 b a n d e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m i n F i g u r e 1 6 r e v e a l s t h e c o n s i s t e n t d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a l l t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t s p l o t t e d e x c e p t f o r R b , T h , K a n d N b . T h e i n c r e a s e i n R b , T h , K a n d N b i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a s t h e s e e l e m e n t s m a y b e h a v e i n c o m p a t i b l y w i t h i n c r e a s i n g m a g m a t i c e v o l u t i o n . T h e o t h e r t r a c e e l e m e n t s a r e m o r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e m o d a l p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s p r e s e n t i n t h e s y s t e m , t h u s t h e d e c r e a s e i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e s e e l e m e n t s m a y r e f l e c t t h e f o r m a t i o n a n d r e m o v a l o f p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s w i t h i n s p e c i f i c m a g m a t i c g r o u p s ( F i g s . 4 , 5 a ) f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 7 5 M a g m a M i x i n g T h e o r i g i n o f i n t e r m e d i a t e m a g m a s i n b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f c o u l d h a v e p o t e n t i a l l y f o r m e d f r o m t h e m i x i n g o f r h y o l i t e a n d t r a c h y a n d e s i t e . S i m p l e v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s o f b o t h m a j o r ( i . e . A 1 2 0 3 v s . S i 0 2 ; F i g s . 7 , 9 ) a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t s ( i . e . B a o r Z r v s . S i 0 2 ; F i g s . 8 , 1 0 ; C e o r E u v s . S i O Z ; F i g s . 8 , 1 0 ) q u i c k l y e l i m i n a t e m i x i n g a s a p o s s i b l e h y b r i d i z a t i o n m e c h a n i s m a s b o t h p a r e n t a l a n d m i x e d c o m p o s i t i o n s s h o u l d l i e o n a s t r a i g h t l i n e ( F i g s . 7 , 8 , 9 , 1 0 ) . I n i t i a l e x a m i n a t i o n o f m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n d i a g r a m s a n d R E E p l o t s o f t h e r h y o l i t e s f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r l e d t o t h e o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e h a d a n i n t e r m e d i a t e c o m p o s i t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h i s l e d t o t h e h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e w a s a p r o d u c t o f m i x i n g o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s d u r i n g o r a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T e s t i n g o f t h i s h y p o t h e s i s u s i n g a v a r i a t i o n p l o t o f t h e t w o i n c o m p a t i b l e e l e m e n t s N b a n d R b r e v e a l s t h a t t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r h a s a h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f N b a t s i m i l a r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f R b t h a n t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( F i g . 4 5 ) . T h u s t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c o u l d n o t D ( + R A A M I M N O I N E I R A M T E A S N A K S n a " n B . R . 5 4 2 0 0 0 - 1 0 - - b w g D . V g . I + Q 0 0 + i + + 0 o + 0 + 0 + 0 ) + 0 % o 1 + * 3 « % E B ) % 0 0 0 + ® 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 l 5 1 0 R b + £ + o u l 2 0 ( 0 p + p u & 6 + 0 + 4 . + + 5 o o l 5 2 m ) 0 0 0 o 8 0 . l J - ‘ _ 3 0 0 3 5 0 1 7 6 F i g u r e 4 5 . R b v e r s u s N b f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . 1 7 7 h a v e o r i g i n a t e d b y m a g m a m i x i n g o f t h e t w o R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a s c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s h o u l d l i e i n t e r m e d i a t e t o t h e e n d m e m b e r R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . H o w e v e r , T h a n d Y b t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s e e m t o r e v e a l t h e p r e s e n c e o f t w o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s . E x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e S p i d e r g r a m s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r h y o l i t e r e v e a l s t h a t t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r r h y o l i t e i s m o r e s i m i l a r i n t r a c e e l e m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n t o t h e h i g h - N b , r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t h a n t h e l o w - N b , r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( F i g s . 1 2 , 1 5 ) . A n o v e r l a y o f t h e t w o S p i d e r g r a m s ( A m m o n i a T a n k s r h y o l i t e a n d h i g h — N b R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r r h y o l i t e ) s h o w s a s t r i k i n g s i m i l a r i t y i n n o r m a l i z e d e l e m e n t a b u n d a n c e s ( F i g . 4 6 ) . E n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m s w h i c h c o m p a r e t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s ( h i g h - N b a n d l o w - N b ) t o t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d o n o t u n e q u i v o c a l l y r e l a t e a n y o f t h e r h y o l i t e s t o o n e a n o t h e r ( F i g s . 1 6 , 1 7 ) . B a s e d o n t h e S p i d e r g r a m s h o w e v e r , i t i s i n t e r p r e t e d h e r e t h a t t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m a y r e p r e s e n t m o d i f i e d , r e s i d u a l h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . M o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e r e s i d u a l r h y o l i t e m a y h a v e o c c u r r e d t h r o u g h f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f t h e e x i s t i n g _ — — L 8 8 I b R H L i o I h h — T g w K I b . — N N b N . I b H I h i i g g h h I a 8 L - ’ I 8 0 A S 1 i 0 D 2 S 2 r R I R h h y y o o l I P l i i t e . I e . S t e I r I f a i H R a R T n i i n I i i e I b T r e r I a I e s Y M e M s a I b Y . M b b r r . M 1 7 8 R A I N I E R M E S A a n d A M M O N I A T A N K S M B R S . R h y o l i t e t o H i g h - 8 1 0 a R h y o l i t e 1 0 0 0 I I I I I I I I I I r * I I I I I t 1 0 0 U ) C ) 3 1 0 L U C o C 2 - ¥ 1 U o I : I I I - - H i g h 5 1 0 2 R h y o l i t e . A m m o n i a T a n k s M b r . F i g u r e 4 6 . O v e r l a y o f t h e S p i d e r g r a m s f o r t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r ( l o w - N b a n d h i g h - N b ) a n d t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e 0 f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 1 7 9 r h y o l i t e , i n p u t o f n e w h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e f r o m a p a r e n t c h a m b e r d e e p e r w i t h i n t h e c r u s t o r c o n t i n u e d p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f u p p e r c r u s t a l c o u n t r y r o c k . T h e s h o r t t i m e i n t e r v a l b e t w e e n t h e e r u p t i o n o f t h e t w o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s ( l e s s t h a n 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 y e a r s ; S a w y e r , 1 9 9 0 , p e r s . c o m m . ) i s s u p p o r t i v e a n d c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e h y p o t h e s i s o f a s i g n i f i c a n t r e s i d u a l c o m p o n e n t b e i n g p r e s e n t a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . S u c h a s h o r t t i m e s p a n b e t w e e n e r u p t i v e e v e n t s w o u l d m o s t l i k e l y n o t a l l o w f o r t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f l a r g e v o l u m e s o f r h y o l i t i c m a g m a t h r o u g h c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n o r a s s i m i l a t i o n . P a r t i a l M e l t i n g / A s s i m i l a t i o n T r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d T r a c h y d a c i t e T h e e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m p r e s e n t e d i n F i g u r e 4 7 c o m p a r e s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t r a c e e l e m e n t s i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r w i t h t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t r a c e e l e m e n t s i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . A n a l y s i s o f t h e d a t a r e v e a l s t h a t t h e r e a r e n e g l i g i b l e t o s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t r a c e e l e m e n t s i n t h e t w o m e m b e r s . I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e e n r i c h m e n t d a t a f o r t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e o f e a c h m e m b e r a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s w e r e g e n e r a t e d b y d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f a l i t h o l o g i c a l l y 1 8 0 R M T r a c h y a n d / A T T r a c h y a n d 1 0 E I 1 l l l l I l l I l l I l I l E 3 U 3 . ' I T . . m m R < \ 9 / 9 / 8 \ : 0 1 4 ( ' 1 I V ! _ _ — . m a U : E ( D _ ' 1 r 4 ' 1 D . E ; " 1 I n : . 0 ' ) ~ 4 , . ' i o 0 0 1 l l l l I l l l l l I l l l l l B a R b T h K N b L a C e S r P S I I Z e r T i n Y Y b F i g u r e 4 7 . E n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m c o m p a r i n g t r a c e e 1 e m e n t e n r i c h m e n t i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s . 1 8 1 s i m i l a r s o u r c e r o c k i n t h e l o w e r c r u s t . T h i s m o d e l w i l l b e t e s t e d a n d d i s c u s s e d i n m o r e d e t a i l b e l o w . N d i s o t o p i c d a t a f r o m t h e i n i t i a l w o r k o f T e g t m e y e r , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e m a g m a t i c b o d i e s f o r b o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w e r e z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o N d a n d e p s i l o n N d a n d b e h a v e d a s o p e n s y s t e m s w i t h r e s p e c t t o w a l l r o c k i n t e r a c t i o n ( F i g . 4 8 ) . S i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s i n e p s i l o n N d v s . 1 / N d v a l u e s f o r b o t h m e m b e r s p r o v i d e s u p p o r t i n g e v i d e n c e f o r d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f c r u s t a l m e l t i n g f o r t h e o r i g i n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m a f i c m a g m a s , a n d , f o r m a g m a s o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f ( F i g . 4 8 ) . T h e o r i g i n o f t h e m a f i c m a g m a s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a n d t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f c a n b e a t l e a s t q u a l i t a t i v e l y e v a l u a t e d u s i n g t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a f r o m t h e t w o t u f f s . U s i n g t h e r e l a t i v e l y c o m p a t i b l e e l e m e n t s Z r , E u a n d t h e r e l a t i v e l y i n c o m p a t i b l e e l e m e n t s T h , Y b a n d p l o t t i n g t h e m a g a i n s t S i 0 2 w h e r e o n l y d a t a f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c t o t r a c h y d a c i t i c w h o l e - p u m i c e s a m p l e s a r e i n c l u d e d , i t c a n b e o b s e r v e d t h a t d a t a f r o m t h e f o u r m a j o r a s h - f l o w t u f f s ( T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r , T i v a C a n y o n M e m b e r , R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ) o c c u r a s g e o c h e m i c a l l y d i s t i n c t g r o u p s ( F i g . 4 9 ) . T h e s e g r o u p s o f d a t a a r e u s e d t o i n f e r t h a t t h e f o u r a s h - f l o w t u f f s o r i g i n a t e d a s s e p a r a t e m a g m a b a t c h e s f r o m e i t h e r d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f t h e s a m e s o u r c e r o c k o r f r o m p a r t i a l F i g u r e 4 8 . N t d h e v e T r i s m u b s e r 1 / M N o d u d t a a t i a n n f T r u o f m f . T e g t m e y e r , e t 8 1 . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) f o r - 9 . 0 u ° - 1 0 . 0 2 C : C D H - H U 1 E l _ L U 1 1 . 0 - 1 2 . 0 1 8 2 D a c i t e ( a 4 4 + = H i g h — S i l i c a R h y o l i t e 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 1 / N d ( p p m ) + A M M O N I A T A N K S M B F I . 0 R A I N I E R M E S A H E R . I o o [ I ] T O P O P A H S P R I N G M B R . o : A T I V A C A N Y O N M 8 8 . 3 0 ‘ @ 0 " O R A I N I E R M E S A M B R . E o o + A M M O N I A T A N K S M 8 8 . 0 o . o 2 0 ~ 0 - E 0 0 H 3 U m + + O 0 0 A A I I I 0 0 + + + + + + A A 4 I “ 8 A 3 . _ A A $ 1 6 . 4 C 5 1 [ 3 + [ g ] + + + 2 + 6 ‘ 0 + + + + + + r 3 0 o 0 0 2 ) — O - > ( D % Q % O O o o i o l + + + I 8 0 0 - + + h + f f ; l . [ 1 1 C E ; + + E J m a m £ 3 6 0 0 - 9 - 0 5 9 o + m L o 0 + E N 6 + 4 0 0 1 " C ) C D o % C ) O ( D ' 1 ’ o u t o + l I ‘ 0 + 0 c 3 + 4 “ + 4 + + A 1 . 0 ~ + + + 9 + ‘ E 0 o 0 A M E ] [ m a ( 1 + + I I ] ‘ T o + ( g o ( t o o L U I L S - 0 7 ' 1 ' 0 l 5 5 8 5 7 5 5 1 0 ( w t % ) 2 F i g u r e 4 9 . 3 1 0 v e r s u s T h , Y b , Z r a n d E u f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e d a t a o n l y . 1 8 4 m e l t i n g o f d i f f e r e n t c o m p o s i t i o n a l r e g i o n s w i t h i n t h e c r u s t a n d d o n o t r e p r e s e n t a l o n g l i v e d , c o n t i n u o u s l y e v o l v i n g m a g m a b o d y ( F i g . 4 9 ) . A p l o t o f Y b / T h v s . T h , w h e r e b o t h e l e m e n t s a r e a t l e a s t p a r t i a l l y i n c o m p a t i b l e , p r o d u c e s a s e r i e s o f d a t a t r e n d s t h a t c a n o n l y b e e x p l a i n e d b y d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f a s i m i l a r s o u r c e r o c k , o r , p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s s o u r c e r o c k . C r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n c a n n o t b e u s e d t o e x p l a i n t h e l a r g e r a n g e i n d a t a f o r e a c h t u f f a s 6 0 % f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f a c o m m o n t r a c h y a n d e s i t e p a r e n t c a n o n l y p r o d u c e a s m a l l p o r t i o n o f t h e o b s e r v e d r a n g e i n d a t a ( F i g . 5 0 ) . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , a r a t i o p l o t u s i n g t h e p a r t i a l l y c o m p a t i b l e e l e m e n t s Z r o r E u , c a n b e u s e d t o e v a l u a t e w h e t h e r o r n o t c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n h a s o c c u r r e d . Z r a n d E u r a t i o p l o t s a g a i n s h o w t h e d i s t i n c t g r o u p s o f d a t a o f e a c h o f t h e m a f i c e n d - m e m b e r s ( t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e s ) o f t h e m a j o r a s h - f l o w t u f f s h e e t s ( F i g . 5 1 ) . T h i s d a t a c a n b e u s e d t o i n f e r t h a t w i t h i n e a c h m a j o r a s h - f l o w t u f f , f r a c t i o n a t i o n i s a p l a u s i b l e m e c h a n i s m f o r t h e o r i g i n o f t h e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e v a r i o u s e l e m e n t a l r a t i o s w i t h i n e a c h g r o u p ( s u c h a s z i r c o n f r a c t i o n a t i o n b e i n g r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e Z r / T h r a t i o s h o w n i n F i g u r e 5 1 ) . S i m i l a r p l o t s u s i n g o t h e r e l e m e n t r a t i o s ( i . e . Z r / R b ) p r o d u c e s i m i l a r r e s u l t s . T h u s , t h e s e r a t i o p l o t s c a n b e u s e d t o i n f e r t h a t t h e o v e r a l l v a r i a t i o n i n c o m p o s i t i o n b e t w e e n v a r i o u s 1 8 5 0 l I l l 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 T h ( p p m ) F i g u r e 5 0 . Y b / T h v e r s u s T h f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . I I ' , A m G + m A T R m V N I A I s C E A I I M m D N A E A H T m Y S N s H I M A ‘ m U S H ‘ " ‘ 9 7 O 0 I 0 b - C . . S L . 1 N \ h T / u E 1 8 6 3 0 d 9 0 . 4 0 . 1 o n : 2 0 2 5 T h ( D D - l F i g u r e 5 1 . Z r / T h a n d E u / T h v e r s u s T h f o r t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f a n d T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . T r a c h y a n d e s i t e a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e d a t a o n l y . 1 8 7 m a f i c m a g m a s c a n n o t b e e x p l a i n e d b y c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n . T h e v a r i a t i o n i n c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e m o s t m a f i c m a g m a s o f t h e f o u r a s h - f l o w t u f f s i s m o s t l i k e l y d u e t o a d i f f e r e n c e i n d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f a s i m i l a r s o u r c e r o c k , o r , p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s s o u r c e r o c k . R h y o l i t e s O r i g i n o f t h e r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t o r e s o l v e . P u r e f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c a n a c c o u n t o n l y f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e f r o m r h y o l i t e ( R 2 3 - 1 3 R H t o R 1 8 - 2 H S R ; M o d e l 4 ) . A t t e m p t s t o m o d e l t h e o r i g i n o f t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s f r o m m o r e m a f i c m a g m a t i c c o m p o n e n t s o r o t h e r d a c i t i c t o r h y o l i t i c m a g m a t i c c o m p o n e n t s b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n f a i l c o m p l e t e l y . T h e e x t r e m e e n r i c h m e n t o f R b , N b a n d T h i n t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s v e r s u s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e s e e l e m e n t s i n t h e l o w e r - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o r l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c a n n o t b e e x p l a i n e d b y s i m p l e f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . T h e o r i g i n o f t h e l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e m a y b e r e l a t e d t o f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f t h e t r a c h y d a c i t i c m a g m a w i t h s o m e c r u s t a l a s s i m i l a t i o n o c c u r r i n g , w h i l e t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - 1 8 8 s i l i c a r h y o l i t e m o s t l i k e l y r e p r e s e n t s a s e p a r a t e m e l t d e r i v e d f r o m N b - e n r i c h e d c r u s t a l m a t e r i a l . R h y o l i t e s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m o s t l i k e l y r e p r e s e n t m o d i f i e d r e s i d u a l r h y o l i t e r e m a i n i n g a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h i s r e s i d u a l r h y o l i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( b o t h l o w - N b a n d h i g h - N b ) w a s p r o b a b l y m o d i f i e d b y i n p u t o f n e w c r u s t a l m e l t , f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d p e r h a p s s o m e m i x i n g o f t h e t w o R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s . A l t h o u g h R o s e ' s ( 1 9 8 8 ) m o d e l l i n g i s p e r m i s s i v e f o r g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e r h y o l i t e s b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f m o r e m a f i c t r a c h y d a c i t e t o t r a c h y a n d e s i t e , t h e g e o c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l d a t a a r e m o r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a n i n d e p e n d e n t s o u r c e f o r t h e s e m a g m a s . N d i s o t o p i c e v i d e n c e f r o m T e g t m e y e r , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) a g a i n a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a m o d e l o f a n o p e n s y s t e m w h e r e a l l l e v e l s o f t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w e r e o p e n t o w a l l r o c k i n t e r a c t i o n . M E G M A T I C W A T E R C O N T E N T S P r e l i m i n a r y H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 c o n t e n t s c a l c u l a t e d b y V o g e l , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r b a s e d o n i n f r a r e d s p e c t r o g r a p h i c a n a l y s e s o f o v e r 2 5 0 m e l t i n c l u s i o n s i n f e l d s p a r a n d q u a r t z p h e n o c r y s t s r a n g e f r o m 1 . 0 w t % t o 2 . 1 w t % H 2 0 i n t r a c h y d a c i t i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s ( 6 4 . 9 7 w t % S i O Z ) a n d 3 . 2 w t % t o 5 . 9 w t % H 2 0 i n m o r e s i l i c e o u s t r a c h y d a c i t i c t o r h y o l i t i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s ( 6 7 . 0 8 w t % t o 7 0 . 4 2 w t % S i 0 2 ) . C 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n t h e l o w e r - s i l i c a t r a c h y d a c i t e p u m i c e c o n t a i n e d f r o m 7 8 p p m t o 1 0 6 p p m C 0 2 w h i l e p h e n o c r y s t s f r o m h i g h e r - s i l i c a p u m i c e c o n t a i n e d 2 3 p p m t o 1 0 2 p p m C 0 2 ( V o g e l , 1 9 9 0 , u n p u b l i s h e d d a t a ) . U s i n g t h e t h e o r e t i c a l c l o s e d - s y s t e m d e g a s s i n g c u r v e s f o r H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 d e r i v e d b y N e w m a n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) f o r o b s i d i a n f r o m t h e M o n o C r a t e r s , C a l i f o r n i a , d a t a f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r a p p e a r t o f a l l a l o n g t w o t r e n d s ( F i g . 5 2 ) . V o l a t i l e d a t a f r o m t h e h i g h e r - s i l i c a t r a c h y d a c i t i c t o r h y o l i t i c p u m i c e f a l l t o t h e r i g h t o f t h e c l o s e d s y s t e m d e g a s s i n g c u r v e o f N e w m a n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) f o r i n i t i a l H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 c o n t e n t s o f 5 . 0 w t % a n d 1 . 2 w t % r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e m o r e m a f i c p u m i c e f r a g m e n t p h e n o c r y s t d a t a f a l l t o t h e l e f t o f t h e N e w m a n , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) i n i t i a l d e g a s s i n g c u r v e . A l t h o u g h o n l y t w o d a t a p o i n t s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e m a f i c p u m i c e p h e n o c r y s t s , t h i s d a t a c a n b e u s e d t o 1 8 9 8 8 9 1 a t a 2 2 2 0 0 0 s e v t D . . i 1 1 1 F r m l . 3 $ 3 u a e b C t u t % % % s t p s t t t q y e e n w w w n S B U i . s 1 d 7 8 2 n . 9 0 4 s a e a l a s u m e . . . o o s w g 4 7 0 e l i o e 5 6 7 O V C N V f e o t a s r e a v p r e u s c e g h n t i s g s n a i g w e o d h s - e 1 1 1 O A — - — — — u — - h r t e b g 0 m n 0 e i M s . u 7 s . L k e I . a r 0 2 1 l l n t a i T l o a y i h n r o 0 m d l 0 m n . 5 A a e : ) e h % t t i t r c w o a f d ( y 0 0 . 0 s h n c o a i r t t 3 a 2 H t h ) r e . n 8 t e 8 c r 9 n o 1 o f ( c s , 0 a . 0 0 l t . 1 C a a p s t u g e s n r i , e s n v s a a m 0 w g 5 e H N d . 2 5 e r u g i F U I U U I U V I I I I I W V I T I U I ' \ l J l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l L J l l l 1 9 0 1 9 1 s u g g e s t , a l b e i t s o m e w h a t c a u t i o u s l y , t h a t t h e m o r e m a f i c m a g m a e x p e r i e n c e d a s e p a r a t e c l o s e d - s y s t e m d e g a s s i n g p a t h f r o m t h e m o r e s i l i c i c m a g m a ( F i g . 5 2 ) . P r e l i m i n a r y v o l a t i l e d a t a f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c t o t r a c h y d a c i t i c m a g m a s w e r e i n d e p e n d e n t l y z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s . A l t h o u g h s t i l l p r e l i m i n a r y i n n a t u r e , t h i s d a t a i s s u p p o r t i v e o f a n i n d e p e n d e n t s o u r c e m o d e l f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p r e s e n t i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a s y s t e m . I n i t i a l m a j o r e l e m e n t d a t a f r o m t h e g l a s s i n c l u s i o n s a n d t h a t o f t h e p u m i c e m a t r i x g l a s s , i s a l m o s t e x a c t l y i d e n t i c a l f o r a l l t h e s a m p l e s t h u s f a r s t u d i e d ( t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ) ( V o g e l , 1 9 9 1 ; p e r s . c o m m . ) . T h i s d a t a w o u l d i n d i c a t e t h e n t h a t t h e m e l t c o m p o s i t i o n s w e r e n o t b e i n g s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o d i f i e d b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . E R U P T I O N D Y N A M I C S E a r l y w o r k b y L i p m a n ( 1 9 6 7 ) , a n d m o r e r e c e n t l y w o r k b y B l a k e ( 1 9 8 1 ) , H i l d r e t h ( 1 9 8 3 ) , W o l f f a n d S t o r e y ( 1 9 8 4 ) , S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) a n d F l o o d , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 a ) h a s s h o w n t h a t t h e z o n a t i o n w i t h i n a s h - f l o w t u f f s i s m o r e c o m p l e x t h a n t h e w h o l e r o c k c h e m i s t r y w o u l d i m p l y . A n a l y s e s o f i n d i v i d u a l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e b a s e t o t h e t o p o f a s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n h a v e s y s t e m a t i c v a r i a t i o n s i n c h e m i s t r y , m i n e r a l o g y , a n d t h e r m a l g r a d i e n t s w h e n a n a l y z e d a s a g r o u p . H o w e v e r , a n a l y s e s o f p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s c o l l e c t e d l a t e r a l l y o v e r d i s t a n c e s o f a f e w m e t e r s a l s o s h o w d i s c r e t e a n d s o m e t i m e s l a r g e v a r i a t i o n s i n c o m p o s i t i o n b e t w e e n t h e i n d i v i d u a l p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s ( F i g s . 2 a , 2 b , 3 ) ( L i p m a n , 1 9 6 7 ; W o l f f a n d S t o r e y , 1 9 8 4 ; S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ; R o s e , 1 9 8 8 ; F l o o d , e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 a ) . R e c o g n i t i o n o f t h i s c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t y i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s h a s f o r c e d a r e v i e w o f h o w m a g m a i s e r u p t e d f r o m a c h a m b e r . B l a k e ( 1 9 8 1 ) u n d e r t o o k a m a t h e m a t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f e r u p t i o n d y n a m i c s f o r N e w t o n i a n f l u i d s a n d f o u n d t h a t t h e e v a c u a t i o n o f a m a g m a c h a m b e r c o u l d b e m o d e l l e d b y c i r c u l a r e r u p t i o n i s o c h r o n s ( F i g . 5 3 ) . I n t h i s w a y , B l a k e ( 1 9 8 1 ) s u g g e s t e d t h a t c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t i e s i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s s h o u l d b e o b s e r v e d w i t h i n a s h - f l o w s h e e t s a s s u m i n g c o m p o s i t i o n a l l a y e r i n g e x i s t e d i n t h e m a g m a b o d y . T h i s h e t e r o g e n e i t y 1 9 2 1 9 3 H I G H - S I L I C A R H Y O L I T E D A C I T E A N D E S I T E ( M o d i f i e d f r o m B L A K E I 9 8 I ' S C H U R A Y T Z . : 1 a n I 9 8 6 ) H Y P O T H E T I C A L M A G M A C H A M B E R F i g u r e 5 3 . S c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m o f e v a c u a t i o n i s o c h r o n s a s m o d e l l e d b y B l a k e ( l 9 8 1 ) f o r a l i q u i d o f h o m o g e n e o u s d e n s i t y a n d v i s c o s i t y b e i n g d r a i n e d f r o m a s i n g l e v e n t . 1 9 4 w o u l d r e s u l t f r o m s i m u l t a n e o u s t a p p i n g o f d i f f e r e n t c o m p o s i t i o n a l z o n e s o f m a g m a a t a n y i n s t a n t i n t i m e . T h e e f f e c t o f d i s c r e t e m a g m a l a y e r s w i t h d e n s i t y / v i s c o s i t y v a r i a t i o n s h o w e v e r w a s n o t t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t ( B l a k e a n d I v e y , 1 9 8 6 ) . R e - a n a l y s i s o f t h e p r o b l e m i n l i g h t o f d e n s i t y / v i s c o s i t y d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e f l u i d l a y e r s h a s s h o w n t h a t w i t h d r a w a l o f t h e d e e p e r , m o r e d e n s e , l e s s v i s c o u s f l u i d c a n o c c u r r a p i d l y a f t e r i n i t i a l e v a c u a t i o n b e g i n s , a n d b e f o r e c o m p l e t e r e m o v a l o f t h e u p p e r l a y e r h a s o c c u r r e d . T a p p i n g o f t h e l o w e r , m o r e d e n s e l a y e r i s p r i m a r i l y d e p e n d e n t u p o n t h e t h i c k n e s s a n d v i s c o s i t y o f t h e o v e r l y i n g l a y e r ( B l a k e a n d I v e y , 1 9 8 6 ) ( F i g . 5 4 ) . T h e t h e o r e t i c a l m o d e l s s u g g e s t t h a t w i t h d r a w a l o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y z o n e d a n d / o r l a y e r e d m a g m a c a n p r o d u c e c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t i e s s i m i l a r t o t h o s e o b s e r v e d i n t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s o f a s h - f l o w t u f f s w h e t h e r t h e m a g m a b o d y i s z o n e d a n d / o r l a y e r e d . B o t h t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r e x h i b i t c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t y i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n b o t h v e r t i c a l l y a n d l a t e r a l l y i n a n y g i v e n s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n ( w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f m o s t t h e b a s a l u n w e l d e d z o n e s w h i c h a r e c o m p o s e d o f h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ) ( F i g s . 2 a , 2 b , 3 ) . I n m a n y l o c a l i t i e s t h e b a s a l u n w e l d e d t u f f m a y b e r e l a t i v e l y h o m o g e n e o u s a n d c o n t a i n p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w i t h a c o m p o s i t i o n o f h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . T h i s h o m o g e n e o u s z o n e h o w e v e r , q u i c k l y b e c o m e s 1 9 5 E 2 6 P E V O U M E U V 7 V I L q l ’ v l \ / f 2 ’ 2 2 ’ 2 - £ - ( B L A K E a n d I V E Y , I 9 8 6 ) ' \ g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ — — — — - — — _ — — — — - _ — _ _ _ — _ — — — - — _ — _ M — - — _ — — — — — — — — — fl _ — _ — — — — — — — — — - — _ — — — — — — — * — _ . — — — - — — — - . — — — — — — — W q l ’ v l f i Y F fl 9 7 7 fl F 7 7 Z 3 4 L 4 4 4 C W M ¥ 1 1 6 7 £ 4 4 4 9 E 7 ? F i g u r e 5 4 . S c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m o f t h e e v a c u a t i o n p r o f i l e f o r t w o l i q u i d s o f c o n t r a s t i n g d e n s i t y ( 0 , ) a n d v i s c o s i t y ( v 1 , v - ) b e i n g d r a i n e d f r o m a s i n g l e v e n I ( M o d i f i e d f r o m B l a k e a n g I v e y , 1 9 8 6 ) . 1 9 6 h e t e r o g e n e o u s h o w e v e r w i t h r e s p e c t t o p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n w i t h i n 1 0 c m t o 1 0 0 c m u p s e c t i o n . I n t h e u p p e r u n w e l d e d z o n e o f t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t , t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e d e f i n e d b y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f o u n d i n t h e l o w e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e s h e e t i s f o u n d w i t h i n t h i s u p p e r z o n e . T h i s p h e n o m e n a i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e f i n d i n g s o f S c h u r a y t z , e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 9 ) f o r t h e T o p o p a h S p r i n g T u f f . I f s i m p l e v e r t i c a l d r a w d o w n o f a z o n e d m a g m a b o d y h a d o c c u r r e d , p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s i n t h e a s h - f l o w t u f f w o u l d b e r e l a t i v e l y h o m o g e n e o u s a t a n y g i v e n s t r a t i g r a p h i c h o r i z o n a n d w o u l d e x h i b i t a s y s t e m a t i c c h a n g e f r o m m o r e e v o l v e d c o m p o s i t i o n s a t t h e b a s e t o m o r e m a f i c c o m p o s i t i o n s a t t h e t o p . T h e d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s n o t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h i s m o d e l . T h e d a t a i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e m o d e l o f B l a k e a n d I v e y ( 1 9 8 6 ) . S U M M A R ! A N D C O N C L U S I O N S G e o c h e m i c a l a n d m i n e r a l o g i c a l a n a l y s e s o f g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f r e v e a l t h a t t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s f r o m w h i c h t h e t u f f s o r i g i n a t e d , w e r e c o m p o s e d o f m a g m a r a n g i n g i n c o m p o s i t i o n f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e ( 5 7 w t % S i 0 2 a n d 5 9 w t % S i 0 2 i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r s r e s p e c t i v e l y ) t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e ( 7 8 w t % S i 0 2 f o r b o t h m e m b e r s ) . B a s e d o n t h e g e o c h e m i c a l s i m i l a r i t y o f t h e t w o m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s , i t i s i n f e r r e d t h a t m a g m a s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o r i g i n a t e d a s a c o m b i n a t i o n o f ; r e s i d u a l m a g m a s l e f t o v e r a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , a s s i m i l a t i o n o f w a l l r o c k , i n p u t o f n e w , p e r h a p s s l i g h t l y a l k a l i n e m a g m a a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e e l e v a t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f B a , Z r , H f , N b a n d L a i n t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c p u m i c e a n d a s t e e p e n i n g o f t h e p a l e o m a g m a t i c t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h a t o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . W i t h i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , t h e r e i s e v i d e n c e f r o m t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t c h e m i s t r y a n d g e o t h e r m o m e t r y o f F e - T i o x i d e s f o r a t l e a s t t w o s e p a r a t e m a g m a b a t c h e s ; o n e , t h e d o m i n a n t v o l u m e m a g m a b o d y r a n g i n g i n c o m p o s i t i o n f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o l o w - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e , a n d t w o , a s e p a r a t e , s m a l l e r v o l u m e b o d y o f h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . D a t a f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r d o e s n o t r e v e a l a n y u n e q u i v o c a l 1 9 7 1 9 8 e v i d e n c e f o r t h e e x i s t e n c e o f s e p a r a t e m a g m a b o d i e s . T h a n d Y b t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a h o w e v e r m a y i n d i c a t e t h e p r e s e n c e o f t w o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s . T h e s e r h y o l i t e s m a y r e p r e s e n t c h e m i c a l l y m o d i f i e d , r e s i d u a l h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e s l e f t o v e r a f t e r e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . A l t h o u g h c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s d o o c c u r i n t h e m a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a i n b o t h m e m b e r s , t h e g e o c h e m i c a l , m i n e r a l o g i c a l a n d g e o t h e r m o m e t r i c d a t a a r e n o t e n t i r e l y c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e m o d e l o f a s i n g l e , l a y e r e d m a g m a c h a m b e r f o r e i t h e r m e m b e r a t t h e t i m e o f ’ e r u p t i o n . T h e d a t a a r e m o r e c o n s i s t e n t h o w e v e r w i t h a m o d e l o f a z o n e d m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w h e r e t h e m o r e m a f i c t r a c h y a n d e s i t e i s o v e r l a i n b y p r o g r e s s i v e l y m o r e s i l i c i c m a g m a w h i c h e v e n t u a l l y g r a d e s i n t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e a t t h e c h a m b e r c u p o l a . T h e o r i g i n o f t h e g e o c h e m i c a l g a p s i s s o m e w h a t e n i g m a t i c . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s a r e i n f e r r e d i n t h i s s t u d y t o r e p r e s e n t i n i t i a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s w h i c h w e r e p r e s e n t p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h e g a p s o r i g i n a t e d a s i n d i v i d u a l m a g m a b a t c h e s w e r e b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r t o f o r m a d o m i n a n t v o l u m e , l a y e r e d , m a g m a t i c s y s t e m p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . V a r i o u s m i n e r a l p h a s e s i n e a c h m e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f , i . e . b i o t i t e o r p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r 1 9 9 e x h i b i t g r a d u a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l c h a n g e s a s t h e m a g m a c o m p o s i t i o n e v o l v e s f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . T h e p h e n o c r y s t s d o n o t r e v e a l a n y s h a r p d i f f e r e n c e s i n c o m p o s i t i o n a c r o s s t h e g e o c h e m i c a l g a p s . G l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a l s o i n d i c a t e g r a d u a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l c h a n g e s f r o m t h e m a f i c t o f e l s i c m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s . C o m p o s i t e h i s t o g r a m s f o r t h e p h e n o c r y s t d a t a d o i n m a n y c a s e s r e v e a l b i m o d a l t o t r i m o d a l p h e n o c r y s t p o p u l a t i o n s . T h e m o d a l p o p u l a t i o n s a r e i n t e r p r e t e d h e r e t o r e p r e s e n t p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s t h a t w e r e p r e s e n t i n t h e o r i g i n a l m a g m a b o d i e s . R e e q u i l i b r a t i o n o f t h e p h e n o c r y s t s , m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d p o s s i b l e m a g m a m i x i n g b l u r r e d t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s b e t w e e n t h e m a g m a b o d i e s r e s u l t i n g i n a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m t h a t u n d e r c u r s o r y e x a m i n a t i o n n o w a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n c o n t i n u o u s l y z o n e d . T h e g e o t h e r m o m e t r i c d a t a d o n o t r e v e a l a n y t h e r m a l d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s f o r m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s o n e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e g e o c h e m i c a l g a p s . T h i s i s i n t e r p r e t e d t o s i g n i f y t h a t a l o n g e n o u g h p e r i o d o f t i m e m u s t h a v e e l a p s e d s u c h t h a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d i e n t , a s r e f l e c t e d b y t h e F e - T i o x i d e c o m p o s i t o n s , r e e q u i l i b r a t e d t o t h e n e w m a g m a t i c c o n f i g u r a t i o n . T h e o r i g i n o f t h e m a g m a s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n s y s t e m a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n t h e r e s u l t o f s e v e r a l 2 0 0 p r o c e s s e s . C o m p a r i s o n a n d a n a l y s i s o f t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a u s i n g r a t i o p l o t s o f i n c o m p a t i b l e e l e m e n t s f o r t r a c h y a n d e s i t e s a n d t r a c h y d a c i t e s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a n d t h o s e o f t h e 1 2 . 9 t o 1 3 . 4 m i l l i o n y e a r o l d P a i n t b r u s h T u f f i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e m a f i c m a g m a s o r i g i n a t e d f r o m e i t h e r d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s o f p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f t h e s a m e c r u s t a l s o u r c e r o c k , o r , f o r m e d f r o m p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s c r u s t a l s o u r c e r o c k s . T h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e f r o m t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e h o w e v e r , c a n b e e x p l a i n e d b y t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f p h e n o c r y s t p h a s e s o b s e r v e d w i t h i n t h e t u f f s b a s e d o n t h e s e r a t i o p l o t s . T h u s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e r e w a s a c o m m o n t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c p a r e n t a l m a g m a b o d y w h i c h c o n t i n u o u s l y s u p p l i e d m a g m a t o t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n a n d P a i n t b r u s h m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s c a n b e r u l e d o u t b a s e d o n t h e t r a c e e l e m e n t e v i d e n c e . W i t h i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , a n d f o r e a c h m e m b e r , p e t r o g e n e t i c m o d e l l i n g u s i n g f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d a s s i m i l a t i o n g a v e m i x e d r e s u l t s f o r t h e o r i g i n o f t h e m o r e e v o l v e d t r a c h y d a c i t i c t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e m a g m a s . I n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r , f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n c a n n o t b e u s e d t o e x p l a i n t h e o b s e r v e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e . T h e l a c k o f s p e c i f i c d i s t r i b u t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s ( K D ) f o r t h e v a r i o u s m i n e r a l p h a s e s p r e s e n t i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m , a n d r e l i a n c e o n p u b l i s h e d K D v a l u e s f o r o t h e r m a g m a t i c s y s t e m s 2 0 1 f o r t h e m o d e l l i n g , m a y h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e d i f f i c u l t y i n p r o d u c i n g v i a b l e p e t r o g e n e t i c m o d e l s , i f c r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n w a s t h e d o m i n a n t d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n p r o c e s s a c t i n g o n t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m . R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) h o w e v e r w a s a b l e t o m o d e l t h e o b s e r v e d c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r b y u s i n g b o t h a f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n m o d e l a n d a f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n / m a g m a m i x i n g m o d e l . R o s e ( 1 9 8 8 ) p r e f e r r e d t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n / m i x i n g m o d e l a s i t b e s t e x p l a i n s t h e p r e s e n c e o f u b i q u i t o u s d i s e q u i l i b r i u m p h e n o c r y s t s . A l t h o u g h t h i s m o d e l i s p e r m i s s i v e , i t i s p r e f e r r e d i n t h i s s t u d y t o c a l l u p o n t h e m o d e l w h e r e o r i g i n a l l y c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y d i s c r e t e m a g m a b a t c h e s w e r e m o d i f i e d i n t e r n a l l y b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d i n p u t o f n e w m a g m a w h i c h e x p a n d e d t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l r a n g e o f e a c h m a g m a b a t c h . S o m e m i x i n g m a y h a v e o c c u r r e d u p o n e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r t o f o r m s o m e o f t h e i n t e r m e d i a t e m a g m a s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , h o w e v e r , c u r r e n t m o d e l l i n g h a s b e e n i n c o n c l u s i v e . P a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c r u s t a l r o c k w a s p r o b a b l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r b a s e d o n t h e h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t r a c e e l e m e n t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y T h , N b a n d R b . C r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f a m o r e m a f i c m a g m a i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m c o u l d n o t p r o d u c e t h e o b s e r v e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t h e t h e s e e l e m e n t s i n t h i s 2 0 2 p a r t i c u l a r r h y o l i t e . T r a c e e l e m e n t s i g n a t u r e s o n r a r e - e a r t h e 1 e m e n t p l o t s , S p i d e r g r a m s a n d e n r i c h m e n t d i a g r a m s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i s s i m i l a r t o , b u t n o t c o m a g m a t i c w i t h , t h e h i g h - N b , h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T h u s i t i s i n t e r p r e t e d h e r e t h a t t h e h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r m o s t l i k e l y r e p r e s e n t s a n u n k n o w n a m o u n t o f r e s i d u a l m a g m a f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m ( a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e T h a n d Y b t r a c e e l e m e n t d a t a f o r t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r ) , c o n t i n u e d m a g m a t i c i n p u t f r o m p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f c r u s t a l m a t e r i a l a n d f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . G e o b a r o m e t r i c d a t a d e t e r m i n e d b y t w o s e p a r a t e m e t h o d s i n d i c a t e s a r a n g e i n t h e e q u i l i b r i u m p r e s s u r e o f p h e n o c r y s t f o r m a t i o n f r o m 2 k b a r s t o 6 k b a r s ( H a m m a r s t r o m a n d Z e n ( 1 9 8 6 ) a m p h i b o l e - q u a r t z g e o b a r o m e t e r ; 3 . 9 t o 4 . 8 k b a r s f o r r h y o l i t e o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r : S t o r m e r a n d W h i t n e y ( 1 9 8 5 ) t w o f e l d s p a r / F e - T i o x i d e g e o b a r o m e t e r ; 2 k b a r s t o 6 k b a r s f o r b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f ) . F r o m t h i s d a t a i t i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h a t p h e n o c r y s t s i n m a g m a s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w e r e a t e q u i l i b r i u m a t a m i d - c r u s t a l l e v e l . M e a s u r e d H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n m e l t i n c l u s i o n s i n f e l d s p a r a n d q u a r t z p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r i n d i c a t e t h a t t r a c h y d a c i t i c m a g m a ( 6 4 w t % S i 0 2 ) c o n t a i n e d h i g h e r i n i t i a l H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 c o n t e n t s 2 0 3 t h a n t h e m o r e s i l i c i c t r a c h y d a c i t i c ( 6 7 w t % S i O Z ) a n d r h y o l i t i c m a g m a ( 7 0 w t % S i 0 2 ) . T h e m o r e m a f i c a n d v o l a t i l e - r i c h t r a c h y d a c i t i c m a g m a f o l l o w e d a s e p a r a t e d e g a s s i n g p a t h t h a n t h e l e s s v o l a t i l e - r i c h , m o r e s i l i c i c t r a c h y d a c i t e a n d r h y o l i t e , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a b o d y w a s z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 . P r e l i m i n a r y H 2 0 a n d C 0 2 d a t a f o r t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e t r a c h y a n d e s i t i c t o t r a c h y d a c i t i c m a g m a s w e r e i n d e p e n d e n t l y z o n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e r h y o l i t i c m a g m a s . T h i s t y p e o f z o n a t i o n w o u l d s u p p o r t t h e m o d e l o f a n i n d e p e n d e n t s o u r c e f o r e a c h m a g m a b a t c h . T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w i t h i n t h e a s h - f l o w s h e e t s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e e r u p t i o n d y n a m i c m o d e l s o f B l a k e a n d I v e y ( 1 9 8 6 ) f o r d e n s i t y a n d v i s c o s i t y s t r a t i f i e d m a g m a b o d i e s . T h u s , i n c o n c l u s i o n , t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m t h a t e r u p t e d t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f i n i t i a l l y f o r m e d b y c o a l a s c e n c e o f c o m p o s i t i o n a l l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s m a g m a b o d i e s w h i c h o r i g i n a t e d f r o m t h e p a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f l o w e r t o m i d - c r u s t a l r o c k . T h e i n i t i a l d o m i n a n t v o l u m e m a g m a b o d y w a s l a y e r e d f r o m a b a s a l t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t o t r a c h y d a c i t e t o a n i n t e r m e d i a t e t r a c h y d a c i t e t o r h y o l i t e t o a n u p p e r r h y o l i t e t o h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e . A p r o l o n g e d r e s i d e n c e t i m e o f t h e l a y e r e d m a g m a b o d y a t a m i d - c r u s t a l l e v e l a l l o w e d e a c h o f t h e s e l a y e r s t o b e c o m e c h e m i c a l l y , m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y a n d t h e r m a l l y m o d i f i e d t h r o u g h f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a n d 2 0 4 a s s i m i l a t i o n o f w a l l r o c k . P a r t i a l m e l t i n g o f u p p e r c r u s t a l r o c k m a y h a v e b e e n r e s p o n s i b l e f o r f o r m i n g a s e c o n d h i g h - s i l i c a r h y o l i t e m a g m a i n c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o t h e d o m i n a n t v o l u m e c h a m b e r . T h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m j u s t p r i o r t o e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r m o r e c l o s e l y r e s e m b l e d a c h e m i c a l l y , m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y a n d t h e r m a l l y z o n e d s y s t e m . R e l i c t l a y e r i n g o f t h e m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w a s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e v o l a t i l e g r a d i e n t s , g e o c h e m i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n a l g a p s , b i m o d a l t o t r i m o d a l p h e n o c r y S t p o p u l a t i o n s a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t p a r t i t i o n i n g . I n j e c t i o n o f n e w m o r e m a f i c m a g m a m a y h a v e t r i g g e r e d t h e e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . I n c o m p l e t e e v a c u a t i o n o f t h e d o m i n a n t v o l u m e c h a m b e r ( a n d p e r h a p s t h e s e c o n d a r y h i g h — s i l i c a r h y o l i t e c h a m b e r ) , i n p u t o f n e w m a f i c m a g m a a n d w a l l r o c k a s s i m i l a t i o n r e s u l t e d i n t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a m a g m a t i c s y s t e m w h i c h q u i c k l y r e e s t a b l i s h e d c h e m i c a l , m i n e r a l o g i c a l , t h e r m a l a n d v o l a t i l e g r a d i e n t s . C r y s t a l f r a c t i o n a t i o n , a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d p o s s i b l e m a g m a m i x i n g f r o m e r u p t i o n o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c o n t i n u e d t o m o d i f y t h e m a g m a t i c c o m p o s i t i o n s p r e s e n t i n t h e c h a m b e r r e s u l t i n g i n s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e s , g e o c h e m i c a l m a k e u p a n d t h e r m a l a n d v o l a t i l e g r a d i e n t s . E i t h e r v o l a t i l e e x s o l u t i o n o r i n p u t o f n e w m a g m a o r b o t h r e s u l t e d i n e r u p t i o n o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . E r u p t i o n o f b o t h m e m b e r s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f p r o b a b l y d i d n o t o c c u r a s s i m p l e v e r t i c a l d r a w d o w n o f m a g m a f r o m t h e c h a m b e r , b u t 2 0 5 f r o m a m o r e c o m p l e x p r o c e s s o f a r a p i d l y g r o w i n g , s p h e r i c a l e v a c u a t i o n f r o n t a s e v i d e n c e d b y s t r a t i g r a p h i c , p u m i c e f r a g m e n t c o m p o s i t i o n a l h e t e r o g e n e i t y i n t h e a s h - f l o w t u f f s . M i L h n c U I i i B g v R a e r n A s R S Y t i t y a t e B e t u O r X n o o o t n D o f e r r A e b m T v o E e r e t h d i a D e u c e k . c e s t U h d E o u t f r o m y o u r r e c o r d . D A T E D U E m t r m a t i v e A c ? i o n / E q u a l O p p o r t u n i t y I n s t i t u t i o n P T ' L O A A D C V A ' E O I I N D R F E I T N U E R S T E D U M S U i s A n A f f N r E W i fl c m m n t u g h - n n T H E T I M B E R . M D U N T A I N T U F F , S O U T H W E S T E R N N E V I D A . V O L C A N I C F I E L D : G E O C H E M I S T R X , M I N E R A L O G Y A N D P E T R O G E N E S I S V b l u m e I I B Y J a m e s G o r d o n M i l l s , J r . A D I S S E R T A T I O N S u b m i t t e d t o M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e o f D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s 1 9 9 1 A P P E N D I C E S A P P E N D I X 1 D e s c r i p t i o n o f S a m p l i n g L o c a t i o n s 2 0 6 2 . 4 k m ( 1 . 5 m i l e s ) N W o f d r i l l h o l e U E - 1 9 c . A p p e n d i x 1 . L o c a t i o n s o f s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e T u b e ' 1 : M o u n t a i n T u f f . s m m s l 3 m m a I c L O C A T I O N u s e s I N T E R V A L i M A P I i 8 - 1 t o R 8 - 1 9 L R M S o u t h e a s t R a i n i e r M e s a , I - 7 5 4 I i 8 - 2 0 t o R 8 - 3 1 V R M A r e a 1 2 , N . R a i n i e r M e s a R d . , 1 ( 8 - 3 2 t o R 8 - 4 9 U R M 0 . 5 k m ( 0 . 4 5 m i l e s ) d u e e a s t o f d r i l l h o l e U E t h — l . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 3 ' 0 8 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 1 0 ' 1 1 . 5 " f i l l - 1 t o R 1 1 - 2 3 U R M N e a r T e s t W e l l # 8 ( G T W - B ) , G Q - 6 3 8 0 . 3 5 k m ( 0 . 2 5 m i l e s ) N E o f G T W - B ( m a p p e d a s T m f ) . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 0 ' 0 2 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 1 7 ' 1 0 " R 1 8 - 1 t o R 1 8 - 1 7 L R M S i l e n t B u t t e a r e a , A r e a 1 9 G Q - 4 9 3 R 1 8 - 1 8 t o R 1 8 - 2 4 V R M S i t e o v e r l o o k s S i l e n t C a n y o n . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 9 ' 3 3 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 3 ' 5 3 " R 2 1 - 1 t o R 2 1 - l 6 U R M E c h o P e a k R d . , S o u t h S i l e n t G Q - 6 1 4 R 2 1 - 2 7 C a n y o n , A r e a 1 9 . A 2 1 - 1 7 t o A 2 1 — 2 6 L A T ? L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 5 ' 3 2 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 0 ' 5 1 " R 2 1 - 2 8 t o R 2 1 - 3 0 U R M L a t i t u d e : 3 7 0 1 5 ' 0 8 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 1 ' 0 8 " R 2 1 - 3 1 t o R 2 1 - 4 4 U R M L a t i t u d e : 3 7 0 1 5 ' 3 2 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 0 2 0 ' 5 1 " R 2 3 — 1 t o R 2 3 - 2 7 U R M P a h u t e M e s a R d . , A r e a 1 9 G Q - 6 1 4 T a n k s L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 6 ' 5 2 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 0 ' 3 2 " 1 N o t a l l s a m p l e s c h e m i c a l l y a n a l y z e d 2 L R M = L o w e r R a i n i e r M e s a M b r . V R M = V i t r o p h y r e , R a i n i e r M e s a M b r . U R M = U p p e r R a i n i e r M e s a M b r . L A T = L o w e r A m m o n i a T a n k s M b r . M A T = M i d d l e A m m o n i a T a n k s M b r . U A T = U p p e r A m m o n i a A p p e n d i x 1 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 0 7 : s z u u m e s l S T R A I I H I C I N T E R V A L L O C A T I O N U S G S A 4 - 3 8 t o A 5 - l 4 t o A 5 - 2 1 t o A 5 - 4 1 t o A 5 - 5 6 t o A 5 - 6 9 t o R 2 5 - 1 t o R 2 5 - 2 1 R 2 6 - 3 t o R 2 6 - 1 1 R 2 6 - 1 2 t o R 2 6 - 2 4 A 4 - l t o A 4 - 3 7 A 4 - 8 5 A S - l t o A 5 — 1 3 A 5 - 2 0 A 5 - 4 0 A 5 - 5 5 A 5 - 6 8 A 5 - 8 4 U R M U R M L R M L A T U A T L A T L A T L A T M A T U A T U A T ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 0 ) < 3 0 ) < 5 0 ) ( 9 0 ) ( 1 0 0 ) S E o f i n t e r s e c t i o n o f G Q - 4 9 3 P a h u t e M e s a R d . a n d R o a d 1 9 - 0 3 , A r e a 1 9 . W e s t s i d e o f r o a d o n b u l l d o z e d e q u i p m e n t p a d . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 6 ' 2 2 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 3 ' 0 1 " N . B u c k b o a r d M e s a R d . , G Q - 6 9 5 1 . 5 k m ( 1 m i l e ) s o u t h o f P a h u t e M e s a R d . j u n c t i o n . E a s t s i d e o f r o a d . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 0 1 3 ' 3 9 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 7 ' 0 8 " N . B u c k b o a r d M e s a R d . 2 . 5 k m ( 1 . 5 m i l e s ) s o u t h o f P a h u t e M e s a R d . j u n c t i o n . E a s t s i d e o f r o a d . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 3 ' 0 0 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 7 ' 2 1 " S i l e n t B u t t e a r e a , A r e a 1 9 G Q - 4 9 3 0 . 7 5 k m ( 0 . 5 m i l e s ) n o r t h o n R o a d 1 9 - 0 3 f r o m P a h u t e M e s a R o a d j u n c t i o n . E a s t s i d e o f r o a d . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 6 ' 4 9 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 2 ' 5 4 " S i l e n t B u t t e a r e a , A r e a 1 9 6 0 - 4 9 3 1 . 5 k m ( 1 m i l e ) w e s t o n P a h u t e M e s a R d . f r o m j u n c t i o n w i t h R o a d 1 9 - 0 3 . S o u t h s i d e o f r o a d . L a t i t u d e : 3 7 ° 1 6 ' 1 9 " L o n g i t u d e : 1 1 6 ° 2 4 ' 0 1 " 3 F e e t a b o v e b a s a l c o n t a c t w i t h b e d d e d a i r - f a l l u n i t A P P E N D I X 2 G e O c h e m i c a l D a t a f o r G l a s s y P u m i c e S a m p l e s ; M a j o r a n d T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( X R F a n d I N A A ) 2 0 8 A p p e n d i x 2 . M a j o r a n d t r a c e e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s o f w h o l e p u m i c e s a m p l e s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 8 - 1 R 8 - 2 R 8 - 3 R 8 - 6 R 8 - 7 R 8 - 9 R 8 - 1 0 R 8 - 1 1 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 6 . 0 8 7 5 . 9 9 7 5 . 7 5 7 5 . 8 6 7 6 . 3 0 7 5 . 4 8 7 4 . 6 9 7 3 . 9 3 T i O 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 A l fi h 1 1 . 9 5 1 2 . 0 3 1 1 . 8 9 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 . 2 0 1 2 . 4 8 F e O 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 4 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 2 0 . 3 9 M n O 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 M g O 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C a O 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 8 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 4 N a g ) 2 . 9 4 2 . 9 1 2 . 5 2 3 . 0 8 2 . 5 2 2 . 6 9 3 . 4 8 3 . 5 4 K g ) 5 . 2 9 5 . 3 4 5 . 6 9 5 . 1 6 5 . 7 0 5 . 5 4 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 5 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 T o t a l 9 7 . 2 4 9 7 . 3 8 9 7 . 0 5 9 7 . 2 4 9 7 . 7 6 9 6 . 9 4 9 6 . 4 0 9 6 . 0 0 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 1 4 . 4 0 7 . 1 0 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 7 0 1 2 . 8 0 7 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 . 4 0 C u 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 3 0 . 1 0 3 4 . 3 0 1 6 . 3 0 3 6 . 1 0 1 4 . 8 0 2 8 . 3 0 2 6 . 8 0 1 6 . 9 0 R b 2 6 5 . 1 2 2 5 8 . 5 6 2 6 4 . 8 0 2 5 7 . 1 6 2 7 1 . 9 0 2 6 6 . 5 0 2 5 5 . 7 2 2 5 9 . 5 0 S r 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 4 . 5 5 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 4 . 9 6 3 . 6 5 3 . 4 8 Y 3 0 . 1 1 3 3 . 3 8 3 1 . 3 2 3 1 . 2 8 2 6 . 0 1 3 2 . 0 0 3 2 . 1 0 2 9 . 7 7 Z r 6 8 . 5 4 8 9 . 2 6 7 3 . 6 4 7 8 . 2 1 8 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 7 8 5 9 . 8 0 6 2 . 0 1 N b 2 9 . 4 6 2 5 . 7 2 2 6 . 2 6 2 9 . 5 7 2 3 . 8 5 3 0 . 2 5 2 7 . 9 6 2 6 . 7 7 L a 3 5 . 0 9 2 0 . 1 4 4 1 . 6 6 4 8 . 3 6 2 8 . 1 4 2 2 . 1 9 4 4 . 9 5 1 6 . 4 4 B a 1 3 2 1 0 0 1 9 0 8 6 1 6 9 8 7 8 8 2 2 9 I N A A ( P P m ) S c 3 . 8 2 4 . 2 5 4 . 1 7 4 . 1 4 3 . 3 4 4 . 5 9 4 . 2 1 3 . 7 6 H f 3 . 5 2 3 . 9 0 3 . 4 4 2 . 6 2 2 . 3 1 2 . 9 0 3 . 2 9 3 . 3 5 T h 2 5 . 4 6 2 5 . 2 2 2 1 . 8 0 1 6 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 9 1 5 . 5 8 2 2 . 1 4 2 1 . 8 1 L a 2 1 . 3 6 2 1 . 1 0 2 1 . 3 4 1 9 . 6 4 2 0 . 3 2 2 4 . 1 1 1 8 . 7 2 1 8 . 9 1 C e 5 1 . 0 6 5 8 . 6 8 4 8 . 8 1 4 4 . 9 1 3 6 . 3 3 4 0 . 0 7 4 4 . 2 0 4 5 . 1 9 S m 5 . 5 5 6 . 2 6 5 . 7 7 5 . 5 1 5 . 2 2 5 . 5 0 5 . 2 2 5 . 6 0 E u 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 4 T b 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 1 Y b 4 . 3 8 3 . 5 4 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 7 1 . 6 7 2 . 1 5 4 . 0 8 3 . 7 9 L u 0 . 4 2 0 . 3 6 0 . 3 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 1 S t r a t 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 0 9 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 8 - 1 4 R 8 - 1 5 R 8 - 1 6 R 8 - 2 0 R 8 - 2 1 R 8 - 2 2 R 8 - 2 3 R 8 - 2 4 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 5 . 5 4 7 5 . 4 5 7 3 . 7 7 6 6 . 4 6 6 5 . 7 1 6 3 . 6 1 6 5 . 4 3 6 5 . 5 7 T i O 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 6 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 6 I U Q O 3 1 2 . 2 1 1 2 . 1 6 1 2 . 8 6 1 6 . 0 9 1 6 . 4 5 1 6 . 9 9 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 1 0 F e O 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 7 4 1 . 8 9 2 . 3 2 2 . 8 8 2 . 2 4 2 . 1 4 M n O 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 M 9 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 2 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 4 0 . 9 5 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 1 C a O 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 1 1 . 6 1 2 . 0 9 2 . 4 0 2 . 0 1 1 . 8 9 N a g ) 2 . 7 3 2 . 5 2 2 . 5 1 4 . 3 4 4 . 4 1 4 . 4 4 4 . 2 4 4 . 3 3 K g ) 5 . 4 1 5 . 8 3 4 . 9 2 5 . 3 8 5 . 1 5 4 . 7 7 5 . 0 9 5 . 3 3 P fi k 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 3 T o t a l 9 6 . 9 4 9 7 . 0 3 9 5 . 9 5 9 7 . 1 0 9 7 . 5 7 9 6 . 9 9 9 7 . 1 3 9 6 . 7 4 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 1 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 9 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 N i 6 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 8 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 1 5 . 9 0 1 8 . 5 0 1 8 6 . 8 0 4 4 . 9 0 5 0 . 2 0 6 6 . 3 0 4 6 . 7 0 4 7 . 9 0 R b 2 6 1 . 7 8 2 8 1 . 9 5 2 5 2 . 2 1 1 2 5 . 4 3 9 0 . 3 2 1 6 5 . 7 6 9 1 . 4 7 9 8 . 6 0 S r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 . 0 9 3 3 5 . 2 4 4 5 3 . 2 5 5 5 9 . 4 0 4 3 8 . 7 0 4 1 4 . 2 2 Y 3 1 . 5 6 2 8 . 0 0 4 5 . 7 7 1 9 . 1 4 2 0 . 8 2 2 4 . 3 4 2 0 . 4 6 2 0 . 9 5 Z r 7 1 . 8 9 7 2 . 4 3 1 0 7 . 2 2 4 0 7 . 9 9 4 9 7 . 2 5 5 4 7 . 9 3 4 4 7 . 7 1 4 6 1 . 5 2 N b 2 7 . 6 1 2 4 . 3 2 2 6 . 2 4 1 2 . 1 4 1 6 . 0 3 1 5 . 6 7 1 2 . 5 5 1 6 . 7 5 L a 1 5 . 2 4 9 . 3 3 3 5 . 8 6 1 2 9 . 5 3 1 1 1 . 0 0 1 2 7 . 8 4 1 1 6 . 5 1 1 2 3 . 3 8 B a 2 0 3 8 8 2 6 8 1 3 1 9 1 9 0 0 1 9 3 9 1 5 5 1 1 7 1 5 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 4 . 1 1 3 . 4 4 3 . 5 6 3 . 7 7 3 . 6 6 3 . 3 5 3 . 3 6 3 . 4 1 H f 3 . 5 0 3 . 2 7 4 . 0 2 9 . 4 7 1 0 . 9 9 1 2 . 8 1 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 0 0 T h 2 2 . 8 3 2 2 . 7 4 2 4 . 4 3 3 3 . 8 1 2 9 . 0 5 2 5 . 0 4 2 8 . 8 1 3 0 . 5 1 L a 1 8 . 6 2 1 6 . 9 1 1 6 . 3 4 1 3 2 . 4 0 1 2 5 . 0 2 1 1 4 . 4 5 1 2 1 . 7 9 1 1 8 . 8 0 C e 4 7 . 7 9 4 8 . 9 7 6 1 . 1 8 2 1 2 . 8 2 1 9 4 . 0 8 1 7 9 . 9 9 1 9 1 . 4 0 1 8 9 . 3 5 S m 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 9 5 . 8 3 6 . 7 0 7 . 1 6 7 . 1 4 7 . 0 0 6 . 8 3 E u 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 8 1 . 4 9 1 . 8 9 2 . 0 3 1 . 7 7 1 . 5 1 T b 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 5 Y b 3 . 8 4 3 . 6 5 3 . 9 9 1 . 9 2 1 . 7 4 2 . 0 4 1 . 9 7 1 . 6 6 L u 0 . 3 5 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 1 S t r a t 1 5 1 5 1 5 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 2 1 0 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 8 - 2 5 R 8 - 2 6 R 8 - 2 7 R 8 - 3 2 a R 8 - 3 2 b R 8 - 3 5 R 8 - 3 7 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 6 5 . 0 8 6 5 . 8 7 6 5 . 6 3 7 3 . 0 9 7 4 . 2 2 7 5 . 6 2 6 2 . 1 6 T i O 2 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 7 0 . 2 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 0 0 . 7 0 . A l g h 1 6 . 3 6 1 6 . 2 4 1 6 . 2 2 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 1 . 7 2 1 7 . 4 4 F e O 2 . 2 8 2 . 1 8 2 . 1 8 0 . 8 6 1 . 0 1 0 . 8 7 3 . 4 1 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 9 M g O 0 . 7 4 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 3 1 . 3 6 C a O 1 . 9 9 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 0 . 7 9 0 . 8 1 0 . 5 1 3 . 3 1 N a g ) 4 . 3 6 4 . 4 0 4 . 3 5 2 . 8 2 2 . 6 7 2 . 1 8 3 . 9 8 K g ) 5 . 2 6 5 . 3 1 5 . 3 0 5 . 8 5 5 . 6 8 6 . 1 0 4 . 5 6 P g h 0 . 1 5 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 9 T o t a l 9 6 . 7 9 9 7 . 2 6 9 6 . 9 3 9 6 . 6 6 9 7 . 2 3 9 7 . 2 9 9 7 . 3 0 X — r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 . 7 0 7 . 1 0 5 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 3 . 9 0 N i 7 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 8 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 1 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 4 4 . 9 0 4 5 . 3 0 5 6 . 0 0 1 1 . 3 0 3 3 . 3 0 3 2 . 6 0 7 0 . 9 0 R b 9 6 . 2 3 1 0 5 . 0 7 1 0 4 . 1 5 1 1 6 . 6 5 1 1 7 . 0 4 1 4 1 . 9 8 1 1 0 . 9 0 S r 4 3 5 . 8 6 4 2 8 . 1 0 4 1 1 . 3 8 7 4 . 9 9 5 8 . 6 9 3 4 . 5 9 8 3 7 . 3 8 Y 1 8 . 8 7 1 5 . 2 6 1 9 . 4 8 1 6 . 9 5 1 8 . 1 0 2 1 . 3 4 2 7 . 3 6 Z r 4 3 9 . 2 9 4 3 1 . 5 4 4 3 0 . 6 8 1 6 8 . 0 8 1 8 3 . 2 7 1 5 3 . 5 1 5 4 6 . 1 1 N b 1 2 . 1 0 1 6 . 8 3 1 4 . 4 0 1 4 . 0 9 1 3 . 2 2 1 5 . 0 9 1 0 . 8 6 L a 1 4 2 . 7 6 1 1 7 . 1 6 1 2 5 . 8 8 8 2 . 3 9 7 4 . 5 5 7 9 . 8 3 1 0 6 . 7 0 B a 1 7 0 4 1 6 6 4 1 5 3 0 4 8 5 1 8 9 1 5 7 2 3 2 2 I N A A ( P P m ) S c 3 . 6 2 4 . 0 6 2 . 8 4 1 . 8 1 1 . 8 1 1 . 9 7 4 . 8 3 H f 1 0 . 6 3 9 . 9 2 9 . 8 6 5 . 7 8 5 . 7 8 4 . 7 1 1 2 . 8 4 T h 2 9 . 3 9 2 8 . 1 0 2 8 . 8 4 3 5 . 2 3 3 5 . 2 3 3 3 . 4 5 2 0 . 8 6 L a 1 2 4 . 3 7 1 2 1 . 2 7 1 1 7 . 9 4 8 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 3 6 8 . 7 2 1 0 5 . 7 9 C e 1 9 8 . 3 2 1 8 3 . 2 1 1 8 5 . 9 7 1 2 9 . 6 4 1 2 9 . 6 4 1 1 0 . 4 8 1 7 1 . 4 0 S m 7 . 1 3 6 . 6 8 6 . 8 3 5 . 6 9 5 . 6 9 6 . 0 4 8 . 4 5 E u 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 7 1 . 7 5 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 3 0 . 5 9 1 . 8 8 T b 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 3 Y b 1 . 7 6 1 . 8 0 1 . 8 1 1 . 8 1 1 . 8 1 1 . 6 6 2 . 5 2 L u 0 . 2 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 6 0 . 3 6 S t r a t 7 0 7 0 7 0 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 A p p e n d i x 2 . 2 ] ] C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 8 - 3 9 R 8 - 4 0 R 8 - 4 1 R 8 - 4 2 R 8 - 4 4 R 8 - 4 5 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 6 5 . 6 3 7 3 . 5 3 7 3 . 5 4 7 4 . 1 9 6 6 . 0 0 6 4 . 0 6 T i O 2 0 . 4 8 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 2 0 . 2 7 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 8 A l g h 1 6 . 8 1 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 9 5 1 2 . 5 9 1 5 . 9 6 1 6 . 8 2 F e O 2 . 2 3 0 . 8 1 0 . 8 8 1 . 0 2 2 . 0 7 2 . 9 6 M n O 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 M 9 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 5 0 . 8 8 0 . 9 1 C a O 2 . 0 7 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 5 1 . 6 6 2 . 5 5 N a g ) 3 . 7 2 2 . 8 3 2 . 6 1 2 . 8 6 3 . 4 0 3 . 9 5 K g ) 5 . 4 7 5 . 9 3 6 . 0 8 5 . 6 7 5 . 5 7 5 . 1 4 P M % 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 9 T o t a l 9 7 . 3 4 9 7 . 0 0 9 7 . 2 6 9 7 . 5 8 9 6 . 1 8 9 7 . 2 4 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 2 . 6 0 5 . 7 0 6 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 0 . 1 0 N i 2 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 9 0 8 . 6 0 Z n 4 2 . 7 0 2 6 . 8 0 1 6 . 1 0 2 0 . 9 0 5 2 . 2 0 7 0 . 0 0 R b 1 4 7 . 9 0 1 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 5 . 0 6 1 2 1 . 2 0 1 4 6 . 3 7 9 0 . 1 5 S r 4 9 0 . 0 0 6 2 . 9 2 7 2 . 5 8 6 8 . 1 9 3 5 9 . 1 8 6 0 7 . 4 9 Y 2 6 . 5 0 2 1 . 2 5 2 3 . 8 5 2 1 . 1 0 2 7 . 1 6 2 5 . 3 2 Z r 4 1 9 . 0 0 1 5 2 . 9 9 1 6 9 . 4 7 1 9 3 . 7 0 4 2 1 . 3 2 6 0 3 . 4 0 N b 1 9 . 5 0 1 4 . 9 6 1 5 . 8 5 1 6 . 3 9 1 4 . 7 6 1 2 . 8 1 L a 1 3 7 . 5 4 7 6 . 0 9 8 2 . 3 6 8 9 . 8 5 1 4 8 . 2 3 1 3 2 . 4 5 B a 1 9 1 7 2 6 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 1 3 7 9 2 0 7 0 I N A A ( P p m ) S c 3 2 0 1 6 2 1 . 7 3 1 . 9 5 3 . 2 5 4 . 3 2 H f 9 5 3 4 4 0 4 . 8 7 5 . 4 2 8 . 9 2 1 2 . 5 4 T h 2 5 . 9 0 2 9 . 1 9 3 3 . 1 9 3 7 . 5 6 2 9 . 3 5 2 2 . 1 7 L a 1 3 4 . 0 1 6 2 . 9 0 8 3 . 7 9 8 6 . 5 1 1 3 5 . 9 8 1 1 2 . 0 8 C e 1 6 6 . 2 4 9 8 . 9 8 1 2 2 . 9 9 1 3 8 . 1 2 1 6 0 . 1 5 1 5 9 . 2 1 S m 8 . 1 0 5 . 3 2 7 . 1 5 6 . 4 3 7 . 3 0 6 . 9 8 E u 1 . 8 9 0 . 8 0 0 . 9 2 0 . 6 9 1 . 5 6 1 . 9 8 T b 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 0 Y b 2 . 6 0 1 . 4 8 1 . 8 3 1 . 4 7 1 . 9 1 1 . 3 3 L u 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 0 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 1 S t r a t 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 2 1 2 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 1 1 - 2 R 1 1 - 3 R 1 1 - 5 R 1 1 - 7 R 1 1 - 9 R 1 1 - 2 0 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O z 6 7 . 0 1 7 3 . 9 7 5 9 . 1 4 7 4 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 1 7 2 . 1 6 T i O 2 0 . 4 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 9 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 7 5 0 . 2 6 . A l g h 1 4 . 8 2 1 2 . 5 3 1 7 . 4 6 1 2 . 9 8 1 7 . 8 6 1 3 . 4 0 F e O 1 . 8 6 0 . 5 0 4 . 8 3 0 . 5 3 4 . 0 3 1 . 1 8 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 5 M 9 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 5 1 . 7 9 0 . 2 7 1 . 5 4 0 . 1 6 C a O 1 . 8 9 0 . 6 7 4 . 2 1 0 . 4 3 3 . 7 9 0 . 7 8 N a g ) 3 . 4 4 2 . 4 1 3 . 9 1 2 . 5 9 4 . 3 0 2 . 3 9 K g ) 6 . 1 9 6 . 3 9 4 . 1 7 6 . 2 4 4 . 1 0 7 . 1 3 n g 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 5 T o t a l 9 6 . 4 2 9 6 . 9 0 9 7 . 0 7 9 7 . 3 5 9 6 . 8 9 9 7 . 5 6 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 9 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 4 9 . 0 0 1 6 . 3 0 1 0 6 . 5 0 8 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 0 2 0 . 1 0 R b 1 2 6 . 3 5 2 4 7 . 6 8 1 2 3 . 1 2 2 3 8 . 4 2 1 1 8 . 7 0 1 6 5 . 9 0 S r 2 8 2 . 0 9 0 . 2 3 8 5 8 . 7 8 4 . 4 0 9 1 7 . 4 2 9 7 . 4 6 Y 1 7 . 8 8 2 8 . 7 6 2 2 . 9 4 3 2 . 1 7 2 0 . 2 6 1 6 . 3 0 Z r 4 0 0 . 1 7 7 8 . 5 0 3 8 1 . 9 8 7 8 . 6 8 5 1 5 . 3 6 2 1 0 . 8 2 N b 1 2 . 9 2 3 1 . 2 8 1 3 . 1 4 3 1 . 1 6 1 4 . 4 0 1 6 . 2 1 L a 1 3 5 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 4 0 3 6 . 8 0 8 2 . 9 0 8 5 . 6 0 B a 9 3 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 6 0 . 0 0 2 0 6 7 4 0 8 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 3 . 2 1 3 . 6 6 9 . 4 3 4 . 1 0 6 . 3 5 2 . 0 8 H f 7 . 8 5 3 . 2 7 8 . 3 9 3 . 0 9 9 . 9 4 4 . 5 7 T h 3 3 . 8 9 2 2 . 2 6 1 8 . 8 4 2 1 . 1 1 1 8 . 2 4 3 1 . 2 6 L a 1 2 3 . 4 6 2 1 . 8 1 9 6 . 0 4 2 3 . 6 7 9 5 . 8 2 8 2 . 0 3 C e 2 1 4 . 5 4 5 8 . 2 5 1 9 0 . 5 5 6 0 . 3 4 1 7 1 . 3 8 1 3 5 . 5 0 S m 7 . 5 8 5 . 5 8 9 . 4 1 5 . 3 9 7 . 8 7 6 . 0 3 E u 1 . 3 3 0 . 1 2 2 . 5 7 0 . 1 3 2 . 4 3 0 . 6 0 T b 0 . 5 8 0 . 4 8 1 . 4 8 0 . 4 4 1 . 0 9 0 . 0 6 Y b 1 . 9 4 2 . 2 4 3 . 2 3 2 . 2 1 2 . 7 0 1 . 1 8 L u 0 . 2 3 0 . 3 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 0 ' 0 . 0 9 S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 3 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 1 8 - 1 R 1 8 - 2 R 1 8 - 3 R 1 8 — 4 R 1 8 - 8 R 1 8 - 1 2 R 1 8 - 1 6 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O z 7 6 . 1 2 7 2 . 7 2 7 4 . 9 8 7 5 . 5 8 7 5 . 0 7 7 5 . 1 1 7 5 . 4 2 T i O , 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 6 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 6 A l g k 1 2 . 3 0 1 4 . 3 6 1 3 . 0 3 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 9 2 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 3 9 F e O 0 . 5 6 0 . 7 7 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 3 0 . 8 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 7 2 M n O 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 M g O 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 8 C a O 0 . 3 9 0 . 5 1 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 8 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 8 N a g ) 3 . 5 1 2 . 5 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 5 8 2 . 5 3 3 . 4 1 2 . 9 3 K g ) 4 . 6 5 5 . 0 9 5 . 1 0 4 . 8 6 5 . 2 2 5 . 2 0 5 . 5 4 P M % 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 T o t a l 9 7 . 7 2 9 6 . 7 2 9 7 . 5 7 9 7 . 5 4 9 7 . 9 6 9 7 . 5 3 9 7 . 9 9 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 2 6 . 9 0 4 4 . 1 0 3 6 . 4 0 3 3 . 5 0 4 9 . 6 0 3 0 . 7 0 2 8 . 0 0 R b 2 5 1 . 0 0 1 5 5 . 2 2 2 3 8 . 5 6 2 5 2 . 7 5 1 5 1 . 7 3 2 2 2 . 3 1 1 4 4 . 7 7 S r 1 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 7 2 3 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 2 1 . 6 1 Y 2 9 . 9 4 2 2 . 5 6 3 1 . 7 7 3 1 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 7 2 5 . 6 5 1 8 . 1 7 Z r 6 7 . 2 1 1 1 2 . 1 8 8 0 . 9 2 7 3 . 4 6 1 1 2 . 3 9 8 3 . 0 7 1 0 9 . 7 7 N b 2 7 . 2 6 2 0 . 4 2 2 7 . 5 4 2 6 . 4 3 1 7 . 5 6 2 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 1 2 L a 2 7 . 4 0 3 3 . 6 0 1 0 . 3 0 3 6 . 2 0 2 2 . 0 0 4 0 . 9 0 3 9 . 6 0 B a 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 4 . 5 0 1 . 6 1 2 . 6 6 0 . 9 4 3 . 6 3 3 . 5 0 3 . 0 0 H f 3 . 2 6 4 . 5 3 1 . 9 6 3 . 7 9 4 . 1 5 3 . 9 3 3 . 5 0 T h 2 1 . 4 4 3 3 . 7 2 2 0 . 8 8 2 3 . 2 9 3 4 . 4 9 2 5 . 0 6 3 1 . 4 7 L a 2 6 . 5 8 3 1 . 4 0 1 6 . 7 0 3 1 . 5 4 3 8 . 2 3 2 7 . 9 6 3 6 . 6 8 C e 4 2 . 7 5 7 9 . 4 4 4 8 . 7 0 4 7 . 3 3 8 8 . 5 4 5 7 . 5 9 8 5 . 2 3 S m 5 . 3 7 5 . 4 0 5 . 1 3 5 . 4 3 5 . 1 2 5 . 5 1 4 . 9 7 E u 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 6 0 . 3 2 T b 0 . 5 2 0 . 3 9 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 9 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 Y b 2 . 9 4 2 . 1 3 1 . 8 3 2 . 7 5 2 . 0 3 2 . 4 1 2 . 0 1 L u 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 7 0 . 2 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 S t r a t 5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 5 . 0 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 1 4 R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 1 8 - 1 8 R 1 8 - 1 9 R 1 8 - 2 0 R 1 8 - 2 1 R 1 8 - 2 2 R 1 8 - 2 3 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 6 . 2 2 7 5 . 4 1 7 3 . 9 7 7 5 . 4 0 7 5 . 0 0 7 5 . 3 5 T 1 1 0 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 0 A l fi h 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 4 8 1 2 . 6 4 1 2 . 2 4 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 5 F e O 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 9 3 0 . 4 7 0 . 5 6 0 . 4 8 M n O 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 7 M 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 C a O 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 3 0 . 6 5 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 0 0 . 4 2 N a g ) 3 . 3 6 3 . 5 3 3 . 3 7 3 . 5 0 3 . 5 2 3 . 5 9 K g ) 4 . 9 3 4 . 9 4 5 . 2 3 4 . 8 8 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 3 P g h 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 T o t a l 9 7 . 8 0 9 7 . 4 6 9 7 . 2 7 9 7 . 1 0 9 7 . 1 8 9 7 . 4 4 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 2 4 . 6 0 3 0 . 3 0 4 9 . 3 0 3 6 . 2 0 2 9 . 7 0 2 6 . 9 0 R b 1 7 7 . 9 3 2 5 1 . 2 6 1 2 7 . 5 8 2 5 4 . 4 7 2 0 6 . 0 0 2 5 3 . 8 8 S r 6 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 5 2 3 . 5 1 6 . 6 5 5 . 2 7 Y 1 9 . 9 2 2 7 . 9 9 1 4 . 2 8 3 0 . 0 4 2 3 . 9 9 2 8 . 1 5 Z r 8 7 . 2 0 7 1 . 3 2 1 6 9 . 4 2 6 8 . 3 0 8 1 . 6 1 7 2 . 2 1 N b 1 5 . 0 1 2 3 . 9 6 1 5 . 9 4 2 9 . 3 3 2 5 . 7 5 2 7 . 4 5 L a 5 1 . 0 0 2 2 . 3 0 5 6 . 2 0 4 . 4 0 3 0 . 1 0 1 5 . 8 0 B a 1 . 0 0 . 0 0 9 4 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 I N A A ( p p m ) S C 3 . 1 7 3 . 0 4 1 . 8 6 N A I 3 . 6 0 3 . 1 0 H f 3 . 4 2 3 . 8 7 5 . 1 0 N A 3 . 6 2 3 . 8 2 T h 2 5 . 7 2 2 2 . 3 4 3 3 . 3 0 N A 2 6 . 1 6 2 1 . 9 3 L a 3 0 . 1 9 2 9 . 0 6 5 6 . 7 3 N A 3 3 . 3 4 2 8 . 8 1 C e 6 1 . 8 8 4 6 . 6 4 1 2 2 . 6 1 N A 6 2 . 6 5 4 5 . 5 9 S m 5 . 0 6 5 . 0 5 5 . 9 9 N A 5 . 1 7 5 . 2 6 E u 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 5 4 N A 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 T b 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 3 0 . 3 0 N A 0 . 3 7 0 . 4 2 Y b 2 . 3 6 3 . 1 6 2 . 1 6 N A 2 . 6 4 2 . 9 8 L u 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 3 2 N A 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 5 S t r a t 1 2 . 0 1 2 . 0 2 . 0 1 2 . 0 1 2 . 0 1 2 . 0 N A 1 = N o t a n a l y z e d 2 1 5 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 1 - 1 R 2 1 - 5 R 2 1 — 6 R 2 1 - 8 R 2 1 - 9 R 2 1 - 1 2 R 2 1 - 1 3 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 6 7 . 0 8 7 3 . 4 8 7 4 . 2 0 6 5 . 2 1 7 4 . 9 1 7 4 . 5 2 5 4 . 9 8 T i O 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 7 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 1 1 . 5 4 A l fi h 1 5 . 8 4 1 2 . 7 2 1 2 . 7 4 1 6 . 9 4 1 2 . 3 4 1 2 . 2 1 1 6 . 6 9 F e O 2 . 0 6 1 . 1 8 0 . 9 8 2 . 1 2 0 . 7 9 0 . 8 5 7 . 0 2 M n O 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 4 M 9 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 4 3 . 3 6 C a O 1 . 6 0 0 . 8 2 0 . 6 7 1 . 7 9 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 9 5 . 6 7 N a g ) 3 . 7 6 2 . 8 9 2 . 9 8 3 . 6 5 2 . 8 1 2 . 5 4 3 . 5 4 K g ) 5 . 6 9 5 . 3 8 5 . 4 5 5 . 4 2 5 . 5 5 5 . 4 8 3 . 1 3 P M % 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 7 2 T o t a l 9 7 . 3 6 9 7 . 4 7 9 7 . 4 4 9 6 . 4 9 9 7 . 3 7 9 6 . 8 2 9 6 . 7 9 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 1 . 1 0 1 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 7 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 . 5 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 1 0 . 1 0 5 . 4 0 1 . 1 0 9 . 9 0 3 . 5 0 0 . 3 0 2 2 . 7 0 Z n 5 7 . 1 0 5 5 . 9 0 3 7 . 8 0 7 3 . 6 0 3 4 . 6 0 3 2 . 7 0 1 3 0 . 9 0 R b 9 9 . 0 2 9 9 . 1 8 1 1 1 . 4 9 9 0 . 7 7 1 2 2 . 2 0 1 3 3 . 7 5 6 7 . 0 1 S r 2 9 8 . 0 1 6 6 . 7 9 5 9 . 2 9 3 6 9 . 3 0 3 1 . 5 4 2 6 . 9 6 1 0 9 9 Y 1 6 . 1 7 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 8 6 1 8 . 9 4 1 4 . 5 1 1 3 . 9 4 3 1 . 0 5 Z r 4 2 7 . 1 3 2 0 5 . 0 5 1 8 7 . 3 8 4 2 4 . 9 5 1 5 0 . 1 2 1 6 6 . 7 5 2 8 1 . 5 8 N b 1 3 . 3 9 1 4 . 7 6 1 3 . 7 8 1 4 . 1 4 1 3 . 0 1 1 2 . 8 1 1 2 . 8 3 L a 1 5 4 . 9 0 1 0 3 . 9 4 7 6 . 2 7 1 5 3 . 1 0 7 4 . 0 3 9 2 . 1 5 1 0 4 . 5 3 B a 9 6 1 2 7 7 2 6 3 1 3 2 1 3 5 5 5 1 3 6 5 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 2 . 9 8 1 . 7 0 1 . 8 7 2 . 9 7 2 . 4 5 1 . 7 9 1 3 . 1 4 H f 9 . 1 8 5 . 2 8 5 . 4 3 1 0 . 2 5 4 . 3 5 5 . 0 5 6 . 1 6 T h 3 2 . 5 4 3 2 . 2 0 3 4 . 6 9 2 8 . 4 1 3 1 . 5 4 3 2 . 4 3 1 2 . 2 7 L a 1 3 3 . 8 9 7 6 . 5 2 7 8 . 5 0 1 2 4 . 3 9 6 9 . 4 6 7 2 . 6 2 8 6 . 0 2 C e 2 0 7 . 7 4 1 3 0 . 8 1 1 3 5 . 8 1 1 9 7 . 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 6 1 1 8 . 1 5 1 5 3 . 4 8 S m 7 . 6 6 6 . 6 3 5 . 7 6 8 . 2 6 5 . 3 8 5 . 9 2 1 0 . 7 2 E u 1 . 2 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 6 0 1 . 5 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 0 2 . 8 7 T b 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 5 0 . 6 8 Y b 1 . 9 2 1 . 8 4 1 . 8 5 1 . 9 5 1 . 8 6 1 . 9 3 2 . 2 8 L u 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 8 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 2 S t r a t 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 2 1 6 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 1 - 2 7 R 2 1 - 3 4 R 2 1 - 3 5 R 2 1 - 4 0 R 2 1 - 4 3 R 2 1 - 4 4 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 0 . 2 7 7 2 . 9 0 6 7 . 3 2 7 6 . 1 3 5 5 . 9 7 7 4 . 4 0 T i O z 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 3 1 . 4 1 0 . 2 4 A l g h 1 4 . 5 9 1 3 . 2 3 1 5 . 7 9 1 1 . 9 9 1 6 . 8 0 1 2 . 8 3 F e O 1 . 5 1 0 . 9 8 2 . 1 7 0 . 6 1 6 . 7 0 1 . 0 6 M n O 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 5 M g O 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 0 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 9 0 0 . 1 3 C a O 1 . 1 2 0 . 7 2 1 . 6 9 0 . 5 1 5 . 5 3 0 . 7 5 N a g ) 3 . 6 0 3 . 2 4 3 . 9 6 2 . 8 8 3 . 7 6 3 . 0 3 K g ) 5 . 3 4 5 . 7 2 5 . 4 2 5 . 2 9 3 . 1 3 5 . 4 7 n g 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 3 T o t a l 9 7 . 2 3 9 7 . 3 2 9 7 . 7 2 9 7 . 6 0 9 7 . 0 0 9 7 . 9 9 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 4 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 . 7 0 1 1 . 8 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 6 4 . 3 0 3 7 . 5 0 5 7 . 3 0 7 5 . 6 0 1 0 2 . 0 0 4 5 . 5 0 R b 1 0 6 . 2 0 1 2 2 . 8 7 9 8 . 6 7 1 6 3 . 8 7 6 5 . 1 6 1 1 6 . 2 5 S r 2 2 8 . 3 5 9 3 . 5 0 3 7 1 . 4 8 2 2 . 0 3 1 1 3 9 . 0 0 6 9 . 9 1 Y 1 4 . 4 8 1 3 . 6 7 1 1 . 6 6 1 5 . 3 1 2 5 . 6 1 1 4 . 5 2 Z r 2 9 6 . 8 9 1 8 7 . 8 5 4 1 0 . 8 8 9 5 . 8 0 3 2 4 . 1 3 1 8 6 . 5 1 N b 1 2 . 7 9 1 3 . 5 7 1 1 . 2 2 1 8 . 6 9 1 2 . 3 8 9 . 7 1 L a 1 0 7 . 2 0 7 8 . 6 3 9 3 . 3 7 4 8 . 6 5 9 2 . 5 9 8 2 . 9 0 B a 9 4 5 3 8 9 1 5 6 1 1 3 4 1 5 1 7 2 5 8 I N A A ( P P m ) S c N A N A 2 . 8 9 2 . 6 6 1 1 . 7 8 1 . 7 3 H f N A N A 7 . 2 5 2 . 6 6 7 . 2 8 3 . 6 6 T h N A N A 2 4 . 4 0 2 0 . 9 6 1 3 . 1 3 2 4 . 0 6 L a N A N A 1 0 9 . 7 2 4 0 . 4 7 7 0 . 1 4 7 3 . 0 2 C e N A N A 1 6 2 . 3 4 5 5 . 4 1 1 2 5 . 8 3 8 7 . 3 8 S m N A N A 6 . 6 4 5 . 1 8 9 . 1 4 5 . 2 5 E u N A N A 1 . 4 7 0 . 1 6 2 . 9 5 0 . 5 5 T b N A N A 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 3 1 . 7 6 0 . 3 3 Y b N A N A 1 . 6 8 0 . 9 9 3 . 5 4 0 . 6 6 L u N A N A 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 1 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 7 S t r a t 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 7 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 3 - 1 R 2 3 - 4 R 2 3 - 5 R 2 3 - 6 R 2 3 - 1 1 R 2 3 - 1 3 R 2 3 - 1 5 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 5 . 4 0 7 4 . 9 9 7 5 . 3 9 7 4 . 7 5 7 5 . 7 4 6 8 . 3 7 7 3 . 9 1 T i O 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 2 4 A l g h 1 1 . 9 5 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 4 6 1 2 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 7 1 2 . 6 2 F e O 0 . 4 9 0 . 7 9 0 . 4 7 0 . 9 1 0 . 5 1 1 . 8 7 0 . 9 5 M n O 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 M 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 9 C a O 0 . 4 7 0 . 6 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 1 0 . 4 0 1 . 4 8 0 . 6 2 N a g ) 2 . 6 9 2 . 5 8 2 . 6 4 2 . 8 0 3 . 1 5 3 . 7 5 3 . 2 0 1 9 0 5 . 7 5 5 . 4 5 5 . 9 8 5 . 7 5 5 . 1 6 5 . 5 4 5 . 5 6 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 T o t a l 9 6 . 9 2 9 6 . 8 6 9 7 . 0 7 9 7 . 7 3 9 7 . 4 0 9 7 . 6 3 9 7 . 2 7 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 8 . 1 0 5 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 . 1 0 9 . 7 0 8 . 3 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 1 3 . 5 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 8 0 3 6 . 6 0 1 8 . 7 0 4 2 . 3 0 3 0 . 3 0 R b 2 3 4 . 0 3 1 2 0 . 7 8 2 3 6 . 2 6 1 3 1 . 8 9 2 3 9 . 2 7 1 1 3 . 0 7 1 2 0 . 3 1 S r 1 6 . 7 2 8 4 . 4 5 6 . 2 6 5 2 . 2 5 2 . 7 0 3 1 9 . 0 6 5 2 . 7 1 Y 2 8 . 7 0 1 4 . 5 6 2 7 . 3 2 1 2 . 0 7 2 9 . 9 3 1 4 . 0 4 1 2 . 3 2 Z r 7 2 . 1 3 1 4 5 . 5 4 6 9 . 5 3 1 4 1 . 9 6 7 6 . 2 0 3 8 0 . 6 6 1 7 7 . 4 2 N b 2 8 . 9 5 1 5 . 0 7 3 1 . 6 3 1 8 . 8 5 2 8 . 5 2 1 3 . 4 2 1 0 . 8 6 L a 2 5 . 6 0 4 3 . 7 0 3 6 . 1 0 3 6 . 2 0 1 2 . 3 0 9 8 . 4 0 6 4 . 1 0 B a 0 . 0 0 2 0 7 5 6 2 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 7 1 > 2 3 4 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 1 . 9 4 1 . 3 1 2 . 7 2 N A N A 4 . 1 3 1 . 0 6 H f 1 . 2 2 3 . 7 2 1 . 6 6 N A N A 7 . 2 2 3 . 2 6 T h 1 8 . 5 1 2 6 . 7 3 2 0 . 4 8 N A N A 2 5 . 2 3 3 0 . 4 6 L a 1 8 . 2 0 5 9 . 9 9 2 1 . 3 5 N A N A 8 0 . 6 8 6 1 . 3 2 C e 4 2 . 8 0 9 5 . 6 4 4 7 . 8 3 N A N A 1 4 3 . 6 7 1 1 0 . 0 8 S m 4 . 9 9 5 . 9 3 5 . 1 3 N A N A 6 . 6 0 5 . 6 0 E u 0 . 1 3 0 . 5 1 0 . 1 3 N A N A 1 . 4 1 0 . 3 4 T b 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 4 2 N A N A 0 . 5 0 0 . 2 1 Y b 1 . 6 1 1 . 1 1 1 . 7 4 N A N A 1 . 4 0 0 . 8 7 L u 0 . 3 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 3 7 N A N A 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 8 S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 8 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 3 - 1 6 R 2 3 - 1 7 R 2 3 - 2 1 R 2 3 - 2 2 R 2 3 - 2 3 R 2 3 - 2 4 R 2 3 - 2 6 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 6 6 . 8 2 5 7 . 3 6 7 2 . 1 7 7 5 . 2 9 7 6 . 0 9 5 8 . 0 8 6 2 . 7 3 T i O 2 0 . 4 6 1 . 1 8 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 4 1 . 1 1 0 . 5 9 A l g h 1 5 . 6 0 1 6 . 9 7 1 3 . 5 3 1 2 . 3 1 1 1 . 8 3 1 7 . 0 3 1 7 . 6 8 F e O 2 . 0 8 5 . 8 1 1 . 0 2 0 . 5 0 0 . 6 5 5 . 5 9 2 . 9 4 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 9 M 9 0 0 . 6 8 2 . 5 9 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 2 . 4 6 1 . 0 6 C a O 1 . 7 1 5 . 0 5 0 . 8 9 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 9 4 . 6 6 2 . 7 3 N a g ) 3 . 8 6 3 . 8 7 3 . 3 4 3 . 1 9 2 . 8 9 3 . 8 9 4 . 5 5 K g ) 5 . 4 8 3 . 5 7 5 . 5 3 5 . 4 6 5 . 3 2 3 . 5 6 5 . 0 7 P g h 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 0 T o t a l 9 6 . 9 0 9 7 . 1 4 9 7 . 0 5 9 7 . 3 4 9 7 . 5 4 9 7 . 0 5 9 7 . 6 4 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 8 . 1 0 4 . 8 0 8 . 8 0 2 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 8 . 5 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 7 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 8 0 4 . 7 0 Z n 5 1 . 8 0 9 0 . 9 0 2 7 . 2 0 1 9 . 7 0 2 5 . 3 0 9 0 . 6 0 5 3 . 7 0 R b 1 0 4 . 5 7 7 1 . 4 8 1 2 9 . 0 9 2 4 8 . 9 0 1 6 0 . 3 6 7 2 . 7 3 7 6 . 6 6 S r 3 2 7 . 6 1 1 0 6 3 1 3 3 . 3 1 1 7 . 3 8 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 6 4 6 7 6 . 2 1 Y 1 6 . 6 0 2 6 . 4 1 1 3 . 2 3 2 9 . 4 2 1 7 . 5 4 2 1 . 2 8 1 3 . 2 6 Z r 4 0 0 . 6 6 3 4 1 . 6 2 1 9 4 . 7 5 7 1 . 2 9 8 9 . 6 9 3 5 7 . 6 9 5 6 6 . 4 4 N b 1 7 . 1 6 1 2 . 5 7 1 4 . 6 5 2 5 . 1 1 1 9 . 5 0 1 2 . 6 7 1 1 . 9 8 L a 1 2 5 . 7 0 6 9 . 9 0 7 7 . 2 0 3 3 . 0 0 5 7 . 2 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 1 3 . 5 0 B a 1 1 2 9 1 7 4 6 4 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 7 9 8 2 8 8 3 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 3 . 9 5 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 8 8 3 . 2 0 N A 9 . 3 8 5 . 2 6 H f 9 . 2 4 9 . 6 8 3 . 4 0 1 . 3 1 N A 1 0 . 4 7 1 3 . 2 9 T h 3 0 . 5 9 1 4 . 8 3 2 5 . 4 3 1 9 . 6 1 N A 1 4 . 9 4 2 1 . 8 0 L a 1 1 9 . 5 2 8 0 . 9 2 6 1 . 0 0 1 7 . 8 3 N A 8 0 . 4 3 1 0 1 . 1 5 C e 1 9 8 . 8 4 1 5 3 . 7 6 1 0 6 . 2 0 4 4 . 9 8 N A 1 4 9 . 7 0 1 7 3 . 3 5 S m 7 . 7 9 9 . 3 9 5 . 6 7 5 . 3 3 N A 9 . 1 8 7 . 4 4 E u 1 . 6 0 2 . 9 4 0 . 5 9 0 . 1 3 N A 2 . 7 9 2 . 4 9 T b 0 . 6 6 1 . 4 3 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 0 N A 1 . 2 8 0 . 7 3 Y b 1 . 6 0 2 . 8 8 0 . 8 5 1 . 6 4 N A 2 . 6 7 1 . 8 3 L u 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 8 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 7 N A 0 . 5 4 0 . 3 9 S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 9 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 3 - 2 7 R 2 5 - 1 R 2 5 - 1 1 R 2 5 - 1 2 R 2 5 - 1 4 R 2 5 - 1 6 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 5 6 . 6 6 7 5 . 9 7 7 2 . 3 2 7 5 . 2 7 7 3 . 8 6 7 5 . 6 8 T i O 2 1 . 3 6 0 . 1 3 0 . 2 9 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 1 5 . A l g h 1 7 . 0 5 1 1 . 6 4 1 3 . 8 2 1 2 . 4 5 1 2 . 9 0 1 2 . 1 9 F e O 6 . 6 3 0 . 7 4 1 . 1 5 0 . 4 2 0 . 8 6 0 . 5 6 M n O 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 M g O 2 . 8 4 0 . 1 8 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 8 C a O 5 . 3 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 8 1 0 . 3 8 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 0 N a g ) 3 . 6 5 2 . 8 4 3 . 2 2 2 . 7 8 3 . 0 5 2 . 7 7 K g ) 3 . 4 6 5 . 7 6 5 . 2 6 5 . 5 5 5 . 3 0 5 . 5 4 n g 0 . 6 7 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 T o t a l 9 7 . 8 3 9 7 . 9 6 9 7 . 3 0 9 7 . 0 5 9 7 . 1 3 9 7 . 5 2 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P P m ) C r 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 1 2 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 C u 1 5 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 9 0 . 7 0 3 2 . 8 0 1 5 6 . 8 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 8 . 0 0 3 2 . 7 0 R b 6 3 . 6 9 2 4 0 . 8 5 1 6 1 . 3 5 2 7 2 . 6 1 2 7 2 . 2 3 2 2 0 . 0 7 S r 1 0 8 3 7 . 4 5 8 4 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 4 7 . 1 0 9 . 2 2 Y 2 6 . 3 1 4 0 . 4 6 1 8 . 9 9 3 0 . 8 8 1 4 . 7 2 2 5 . 6 3 Z r 3 8 1 . 5 4 1 2 7 . 9 6 2 3 9 . 9 9 8 2 . 7 3 1 8 6 . 9 8 1 0 4 . 1 7 N b 1 2 . 0 3 3 5 . 0 0 1 6 . 2 8 2 7 . 0 9 1 5 . 8 0 1 7 . 0 7 L a 8 2 . 0 0 1 9 . 8 0 8 2 . 6 0 1 2 . 4 0 7 6 . 7 0 4 0 . 9 0 B a 1 4 1 8 0 . 0 0 2 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 5 4 0 . 0 0 I N A A ( p p m ) S c N A 1 . 9 3 2 . 4 4 3 . 4 7 2 . 0 0 2 . 4 7 H f N A 4 . 4 8 5 . 1 8 3 . 1 6 4 . 4 1 3 . 2 5 T h N A 3 1 . 1 2 3 1 . 5 9 2 1 . 7 5 3 1 . 2 2 2 8 . 4 6 L a N A 3 3 . 5 1 9 3 . 8 6 2 3 . 0 6 7 0 . 4 4 4 2 . 3 0 C e N A 7 9 . 5 9 1 5 6 . 1 9 5 7 . 2 2 1 2 5 . 4 1 8 1 . 9 6 S m N A 6 . 1 3 6 . 3 7 5 . 0 7 5 . 4 3 5 . 3 5 E u N A 0 . 2 6 0 . 7 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 4 9 0 . 1 7 T b N A 0 . 4 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 4 3 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 1 Y b N A 2 . 3 3 1 . 6 4 2 . 1 4 1 . 4 0 1 . 3 3 L u N A 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 7 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 4 S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 5 - 2 0 R 2 5 — 2 1 R 2 6 - 3 R 2 6 - 6 R 2 6 ~ 7 R 2 6 - 9 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O Z 7 6 . 0 7 6 6 . 7 7 7 4 . 1 2 7 4 . 0 6 7 4 . 1 3 7 3 . 2 2 T i O 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 1 A 1 2 0 3 1 2 . 4 8 1 6 . 1 3 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 7 2 1 2 . 1 7 1 2 . 9 1 F e O 0 . 3 5 1 . 9 0 0 . 7 7 0 . 7 8 0 . 8 6 0 . 8 6 M n O 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 M g O 0 . 0 1 0 . 6 6 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 3 C a O 0 . 3 6 1 . 7 6 0 . 5 4 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 9 0 . 6 0 N a g ) 2 . 9 4 4 . 0 1 2 . 7 8 2 . 6 5 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 8 K g ) 5 . 5 0 5 . 0 0 6 . 0 8 6 . 4 2 5 . 9 1 6 . 4 4 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 T o t a l 9 7 . 8 7 9 6 . 8 4 9 7 . 0 1 9 7 . 6 6 9 6 . 8 9 9 7 . 3 3 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 7 . 0 0 5 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 6 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 5 9 . 9 0 8 5 . 9 0 1 5 . 9 0 1 4 . 4 0 2 2 . 4 0 1 6 . 3 0 R b 3 3 7 . 5 3 1 3 7 . 2 1 1 5 1 . 8 7 1 4 8 . 7 6 1 3 0 . 4 8 1 3 1 . 3 1 S r 0 . 0 0 3 2 6 . 0 7 2 7 . 5 3 3 4 . 3 6 2 6 . 1 5 5 1 . 0 2 Y 2 8 . 2 6 1 6 . 2 2 1 5 . 1 7 1 3 . 2 7 1 4 . 5 8 1 3 . 6 2 Z r 6 8 . 2 5 4 2 0 . 5 7 1 4 9 . 8 9 1 3 8 . 0 9 1 5 2 . 7 6 1 5 9 . 4 4 N b 2 8 . 5 0 1 1 . 3 1 1 4 . 1 0 1 1 . 4 9 1 3 . 8 1 1 1 . 2 8 L a 1 1 . 4 0 1 1 0 . 4 0 4 8 . 4 0 4 3 . 7 0 4 8 . 2 0 6 5 . 8 0 B a 3 1 1 1 6 8 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 1 8 I N A A ( P P m ) S c 3 . 8 8 3 . 7 1 N A N A N A N A H f 2 . 9 0 7 . 5 2 N A N A N A N A T h 1 9 . 2 8 2 6 . 9 2 N A N A N A N A L a 2 2 . 2 7 1 2 0 . 8 4 N A N A N A N A C e 4 9 . 7 6 1 8 6 . 4 2 N A N A N A N A S m 4 . 9 8 6 . 9 3 N A N A N A N A E u 0 . 0 6 1 . 4 1 N A N A N A N A T b 0 . 4 3 0 . 5 6 N A N A N A N A Y b 1 . 9 2 1 . 6 8 N A N A N A N A L u 0 . 2 6 0 . 2 3 N A N A N A N A S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 6 - 1 1 R 2 6 - 1 3 R 2 6 - 1 6 R 2 6 - 1 7 R 2 6 - 1 8 R 2 6 - 2 2 R 2 6 - 2 4 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) 5 1 0 2 7 3 . 9 2 7 1 . 8 7 7 5 . 2 7 7 3 . 6 8 7 3 . 4 1 7 5 . 0 7 7 5 . 2 3 T i O 2 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 2 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 0 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 6 A l g h 1 2 . 4 7 1 3 . 4 5 1 2 . 0 6 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 0 7 1 2 . 1 3 1 2 . 2 6 F e O 0 . 9 1 1 . 3 8 0 . 7 4 0 . 9 9 1 . 0 1 0 . 8 6 0 . 7 6 M n O 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 M g O 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 1 0 0 . 5 7 0 . 3 9 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 4 C a O 0 . 8 0 0 . 8 8 0 . 5 5 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 4 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 0 N a g ) 2 . 8 9 2 . 9 8 2 . 9 1 2 . 5 8 2 . 3 7 2 . 4 6 2 . 5 3 K g ) 6 . 0 2 5 . 9 6 5 . 5 9 5 . 0 3 5 . 8 8 6 . 0 3 6 . 0 4 n g 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 T o t a l 9 7 . 5 6 9 7 . 3 3 9 7 . 4 5 9 6 . 8 1 9 6 . 9 2 9 7 . 4 8 9 7 . 6 7 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 4 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 . 4 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 1 7 . 5 0 3 5 . 7 0 2 3 . 1 0 2 6 . 0 0 3 1 . 6 0 3 0 . 0 0 1 9 . 6 0 R b 1 1 9 . 7 5 1 1 8 . 1 9 1 5 4 . 9 0 1 2 3 . 8 7 1 5 6 . 2 0 1 5 1 . 2 3 1 4 2 . 0 2 S r 5 3 . 3 1 8 6 . 2 6 1 4 . 9 0 1 8 . 4 1 2 9 . 1 0 1 1 . 4 4 2 3 . 8 4 Y 1 5 . 7 9 1 8 . 1 6 1 8 . 6 8 1 7 . 3 2 2 1 . 4 3 1 9 . 8 6 1 2 . 7 1 Z r 1 6 7 . 9 7 2 4 9 . 6 7 1 1 4 . 0 3 1 3 6 . 5 1 1 2 7 . 0 8 1 3 3 . 3 4 1 1 6 . 6 8 N b 1 1 . 3 7 1 0 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 5 1 5 . 2 8 1 7 . 3 6 1 5 . 6 1 1 4 . 4 8 L a 6 6 . 7 0 8 1 . 1 0 2 8 . 6 0 2 8 . 2 0 6 3 . 3 0 6 2 . 0 0 4 8 . 2 0 B a 7 3 2 8 6 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 6 4 I N A A ( p p m ) S C N A N A N A N A N A N A N A H f N A N A N A N A N A N A N A T h N A N A N A N A N A N A N A L a N A N A N A N A N A N A N A C e N A N A N A N A N A N A N A S m N A N A N A N A N A N A N A E u N A N A N A N A N A N A N A T b N A N A N A N A N A N A N A Y b N A N A N A N A N A N A N A L u N A N A N A N A N A N A N A S t r a t 1 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 6 - 2 A R 2 6 - 4 A R 2 6 - 6 A R 2 6 - 7 A R 2 6 - 9 A R 2 6 - 1 0 A W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 6 8 . 0 1 7 5 . 8 9 6 8 . 8 7 6 6 . 9 4 7 3 . 8 5 6 7 . 7 0 T i O 2 0 . 4 4 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 2 0 . 4 2 . A l g h 1 4 . 8 9 1 1 . 9 0 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 3 2 1 3 . 2 5 1 5 . 0 9 F e O 1 . 9 3 0 . 6 5 1 . 6 0 1 . 9 6 0 . 9 6 1 . 6 7 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 8 M g O 0 . 7 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 4 4 0 . 8 5 0 . 1 6 0 . 5 5 C a O 1 . 4 9 0 . 7 3 1 . 2 1 1 . 6 3 0 . 6 7 1 . 3 1 N a g ) 3 . 5 1 2 . 4 7 3 . 6 5 3 . 4 4 3 . 0 2 3 . 7 8 K g ) 6 . 1 5 6 . 1 0 6 . 2 1 6 . 0 2 6 . 0 9 6 . 1 3 n g 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 T o t a l 9 7 . 3 7 9 8 . 4 8 9 7 . 6 2 9 6 . 8 4 9 8 . 3 0 9 6 . 8 3 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 . 3 0 6 . 6 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 4 6 . 4 0 1 6 . 0 0 2 6 . 7 0 4 7 . 1 0 1 2 . 8 0 2 9 . 2 0 R b 1 1 0 . 2 7 1 3 1 . 2 8 1 0 3 . 7 5 1 0 1 . 8 8 1 2 0 . 4 3 1 0 0 . 0 7 S r 1 9 9 . 4 6 3 1 . 8 4 1 5 8 . 7 2 2 4 7 . 0 0 4 8 . 6 1 1 9 1 . 3 7 Y 1 5 . 6 1 1 8 . 4 4 1 6 . 6 3 1 9 . 1 8 1 6 . 2 6 1 7 . 0 0 Z r 3 7 6 . 2 5 1 2 8 . 1 3 3 1 1 . 9 7 4 1 9 . 7 9 1 4 7 . 7 1 3 8 4 . 8 4 N b 1 3 . 0 9 1 6 . 5 3 1 6 . 0 0 1 6 . 6 5 1 5 . 4 1 1 4 . 6 2 L a 1 1 8 . 1 0 4 2 . 6 0 1 3 6 . 7 0 1 4 9 . 6 0 4 8 . 7 0 1 2 6 . 2 0 B a 8 0 3 3 5 6 9 5 1 0 6 4 9 2 6 4 0 I N A A ( p p m ) S C N A N A N A N A N A N A H f N A N A N A N A N A N A T h N A N A N A N A N A N A L a N A N A N A N A N A N A C e N A N A N A N A N A N A S m N A N A N A N A N A N A E u N A N A N A N A N A N A T b N A N A N A N A N A N A Y b N A N A N A N A N A N A L u N A N A N A N A N A N A S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 3 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r R 2 6 - 1 3 A R 2 6 - 1 4 A R 2 6 - 1 6 A R 2 6 - 1 7 A W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 5 . 3 5 7 4 . 4 5 6 6 . 0 1 7 0 . 5 9 T i O 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 5 A 1 2 0 3 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 4 0 1 5 . 2 2 1 2 . 6 3 F e O 0 . 8 7 0 . 5 1 2 . 0 2 1 . 0 2 M n O 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 6 M 9 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 7 1 . 0 0 C a O 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 3 2 . 0 1 1 . 7 7 N a g ) 2 . 4 0 3 . 0 6 3 . 5 2 2 . 7 8 K g ) 6 . 3 2 5 . 9 0 6 . 1 3 5 . 8 8 n g 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 2 T o t a l 9 8 . 0 5 9 7 . 0 1 9 6 . 4 9 9 6 . 1 0 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 1 0 . 1 0 9 . 1 0 1 . 2 0 3 . 1 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 1 7 . 5 0 5 . 7 0 4 2 . 7 0 2 3 . 0 0 R b 1 3 9 . 6 2 2 4 3 . 5 8 9 7 . 6 6 1 0 5 . 8 9 S r 2 2 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 2 7 2 . 9 8 1 0 3 . 6 6 Y 1 7 . 7 7 3 2 . 7 3 1 8 . 5 2 1 7 . 7 6 Z r 1 1 6 . 8 7 6 9 . 8 3 4 2 8 . 0 9 2 0 0 . 0 5 N b 1 6 . 0 7 3 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 8 1 1 2 . 0 1 L a 4 6 . 5 0 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 6 . 8 0 7 7 . 6 0 B a 2 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 6 4 2 4 5 I N A A ( p p m ) S c N A N A N A N A H f N A N A N A N A T h N A N A N A N A L a N A N A N A N A C e N A N A N A N A S m N A N A N A N A E u N A N A N A N A T b N A N A N A N A Y b N A N A N A N A L u N A N A N A N A S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 4 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r A 4 - 6 A 4 - 1 2 A 4 - 1 4 A 4 - 1 6 A 4 - 1 7 A 4 - 5 3 A 4 - 5 5 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 5 . 5 3 7 6 . 1 5 7 6 . 1 1 6 3 . 3 5 7 5 . 9 4 7 4 . 7 7 6 7 . 9 0 T i O 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 6 A l g L 1 1 . 7 1 1 1 . 9 0 1 1 . 9 5 1 7 . 2 4 1 1 . 6 9 1 2 . 2 3 1 5 . 9 8 F e O 0 . 6 5 0 . 7 3 0 . 6 6 2 . 8 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 7 2 1 . 4 7 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 9 M g O 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 C a O 0 . 4 3 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 2 2 . 1 4 0 . 3 6 0 . 4 1 1 . 1 5 N a g ) 3 . 5 3 3 . 2 7 3 . 6 8 4 . 6 4 3 . 1 9 2 . 9 5 4 . 5 3 K g ) 4 . 9 0 5 . 1 5 4 . 9 0 5 . 2 6 5 . 2 0 6 . 0 8 6 . 1 2 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 T o t a l 9 7 . 0 5 9 8 . 0 6 . _ 9 7 - 9 5 9 7 . 2 8 9 7 . 2 2 9 7 . 4 1 9 7 . 9 8 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 . 0 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 N i 4 . 5 0 5 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 3 8 . 8 0 3 8 . 8 0 3 7 . 1 0 1 9 3 . 2 0 2 5 . 0 0 2 3 . 9 0 4 0 . 2 0 R b 2 1 7 . 2 2 2 3 2 . 6 9 2 3 1 . 8 1 1 2 2 . 6 2 2 3 8 . 2 3 1 8 8 . 0 6 1 2 3 . 0 1 S r 7 . 7 5 4 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 3 7 2 . 1 3 3 . 0 9 2 . 4 8 1 8 0 . 9 0 Y 3 1 . 4 6 2 8 . 5 7 3 4 . 1 9 2 8 . 8 8 3 1 . 3 1 3 9 . 2 7 2 8 . 8 0 Z r 1 2 3 . 2 4 1 2 3 . 0 0 1 2 6 . 2 3 7 2 0 . 8 6 1 1 8 . 6 5 1 6 5 . 3 2 3 2 6 . 0 8 N b 3 6 . 5 0 3 1 . 7 5 3 3 . 9 2 2 0 . 0 1 3 4 . 2 6 3 2 . 8 4 2 3 . 6 1 L a 1 5 . 8 6 4 6 . 8 0 4 4 . 2 5 1 7 0 . 4 2 3 8 . 7 4 6 5 . 3 4 1 1 6 . 0 7 B a 1 3 6 1 9 7 2 9 6 2 4 7 8 1 9 3 1 6 9 8 5 2 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 1 . 5 7 1 . 6 2 1 . 8 9 6 . 9 8 1 . 5 9 1 . 2 9 3 . 4 6 H f 3 . 7 3 3 . 6 8 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 6 2 3 . 5 9 5 . 7 3 8 . 7 7 T h 2 3 . 4 8 2 4 . 5 9 3 4 . 3 2 1 6 . 8 5 2 3 . 9 9 2 7 . 7 3 2 0 . 9 7 L a 2 9 . 6 5 3 4 . 3 1 3 4 . 5 0 2 0 0 . 1 7 3 2 . 3 0 4 8 . 0 7 1 0 3 . 2 8 C e 4 9 . 2 4 5 1 . 1 2 6 8 . 4 6 2 9 5 . 3 9 4 9 . 6 2 8 5 . 7 5 1 7 1 . 5 3 S m 5 . 2 0 5 . 3 9 6 . 4 5 1 0 . 6 1 4 . 9 2 8 . 1 2 8 . 6 2 E u 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 2 6 3 . 3 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 9 1 . 3 2 T b 0 . 4 2 0 . 3 8 0 . 6 8 0 . 5 7 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 1 Y b 1 . 3 5 1 . 4 2 4 . 3 1 2 . 4 5 1 . 2 5 3 . 7 3 3 . 1 7 L u 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 3 3 S t r a t 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 6 0 1 6 0 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r A 4 - 6 9 A 4 - 7 0 A 4 - 7 5 A 5 - 2 A 5 - 3 A 5 - 4 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O z 7 5 . 0 4 7 0 . 4 2 6 1 . 3 8 6 7 . 5 2 7 5 . 8 7 6 8 . 7 1 T i O 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 3 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 3 0 A l g h 1 1 . 8 1 1 4 . 3 5 1 6 . 9 0 1 5 . 5 1 1 1 . 8 0 1 4 . 4 7 F e O 0 . 6 7 1 . 3 5 3 . 1 6 1 . 5 3 0 . 5 6 1 . 2 6 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 9 M g O 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 9 1 . 6 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 9 1 C a O 0 . 3 7 0 . 9 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 9 1 0 . 3 5 1 . 7 8 N a g ) 2 . 8 9 3 . 7 4 4 . 2 1 4 . 1 5 3 . 1 7 3 . 6 6 K g ) 5 . 9 5 6 . 0 2 5 . 2 7 6 . 1 2 5 . 3 5 5 . 9 7 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 7 T o t a l 9 6 . 9 8 9 7 . 4 4 9 6 . 2 5 9 6 . 9 5 9 7 . 3 2 9 7 . 2 2 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P p m ) C r 5 . 8 0 4 . 2 0 5 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 4 0 N i 6 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 2 3 . 9 0 3 1 . 0 0 6 7 . 7 0 5 2 . 9 0 6 6 . 1 0 4 4 . 0 0 R b 2 1 1 . 5 8 1 4 6 . 8 9 8 2 . 2 9 1 3 5 . 9 1 2 1 1 . 2 9 1 5 5 . 1 4 S r 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 . 0 8 4 7 8 . 5 6 7 7 . 6 2 2 . 4 2 1 7 4 . 1 7 Y 3 2 . 0 8 3 0 . 5 7 3 3 . 0 8 3 2 . 9 6 3 3 . 0 8 3 3 . 2 3 Z r 1 2 8 . 8 6 2 9 6 . 7 8 8 1 8 . 3 3 4 4 4 . 3 0 1 1 6 . 9 9 2 9 2 . 7 7 N b 3 3 . 3 5 2 7 . 0 2 2 0 . 4 9 2 3 . 7 7 2 9 . 2 1 2 6 . 9 2 L a 3 5 . 5 9 7 8 . 5 9 1 4 6 . 1 6 1 4 0 . 1 4 5 1 . 5 3 7 6 . 1 9 B a 1 3 1 6 2 0 3 8 2 0 3 6 6 7 4 6 2 2 I N A A ( P P m ) S c 1 . 6 3 2 . 7 1 6 . 8 7 4 . 0 0 1 . 3 4 2 . 6 7 — H f 5 . 0 6 5 . 7 0 1 6 . 7 0 1 1 . 2 1 4 . 7 7 8 . 8 7 T h 3 2 . 4 6 1 8 . 2 1 1 3 . 5 2 2 1 . 5 7 2 9 . 9 4 2 1 . 8 3 L a 3 1 . 7 8 7 4 . 2 1 1 5 0 . 9 4 1 4 8 . 6 5 2 9 . 7 1 8 9 . 9 8 C e 6 4 . 2 6 1 0 3 . 4 1 2 2 8 . 9 8 2 4 0 . 9 6 5 9 . 7 1 1 4 9 . 8 4 S m 5 . 5 6 7 . 8 3 9 . 7 5 1 0 . 9 5 5 . 6 3 8 . 2 4 E u 0 . 3 1 0 . 8 0 3 . 3 8 1 . 5 4 0 . 2 1 1 . 0 3 T b 0 . 6 7 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 6 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 4 Y b 3 . 7 2 1 . 4 3 2 . 5 2 2 . 7 1 2 . 9 1 2 . 6 7 L u 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 4 6 0 . 5 2 0 . 4 8 S t r a t 1 7 5 1 7 5 1 7 5 1 1 1 2 2 6 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r A 5 - 8 A 5 - 9 A 5 - 2 5 A 5 - 2 9 A 5 - 3 0 A 5 - 3 1 A 5 - 3 5 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 5 . 7 2 6 9 . 1 3 7 5 . 2 9 7 5 . 1 2 6 3 . 3 6 6 1 . 0 3 7 0 . 8 5 T i O 2 0 . 1 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 9 0 . 8 2 0 . 2 8 . A l g h 1 2 . 2 7 1 5 . 2 2 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 2 5 1 6 . 8 9 1 7 . 5 4 1 4 . 1 0 F e O 0 . 5 8 1 . 6 5 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 5 2 . 3 9 3 . 6 1 1 . 2 1 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 8 M g O 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 4 1 . 4 7 0 . 2 5 C a O 0 . 3 7 1 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 0 . 3 9 1 . 6 3 2 . 8 6 0 . 7 3 N a g ) 3 . 2 8 4 . 0 2 2 . 9 4 3 . 2 4 4 . 4 7 4 . 7 6 3 . 6 0 K g ) 5 . 4 9 6 . 2 2 5 . 6 1 5 . 4 8 5 . 9 7 4 . 5 8 5 . 9 8 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 4 T o t a l 9 7 . 9 6 9 8 . 1 8 9 7 . 2 1 9 7 . 2 6 9 6 . 5 3 9 7 . 1 1 9 7 . 1 2 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( p p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 0 3 . 9 0 2 . 7 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 3 1 . 8 0 5 4 . 1 0 2 9 . 0 0 2 8 . 6 0 1 0 3 . 3 0 1 3 5 . 3 0 4 2 . 1 0 R b 2 1 9 . 0 1 1 4 1 . 9 4 2 1 6 . 2 9 2 2 4 . 3 4 9 5 . 4 7 1 0 2 . 1 6 1 6 3 . 9 5 S r 0 . 0 0 1 2 8 . 6 9 2 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 . 4 7 5 7 4 . 3 5 8 1 . 9 3 Y 3 4 . 0 4 3 2 . 1 1 3 4 . 2 3 3 7 . 0 0 2 9 . 1 0 3 7 . 2 2 3 2 . 2 8 Z r 1 4 4 . 4 4 3 8 1 . 0 8 1 3 2 . 7 4 1 2 6 . 1 8 7 1 2 . 3 4 8 8 7 . 9 6 2 5 0 . 8 8 N b 3 8 . 5 2 2 8 . 9 8 3 0 . 4 9 3 4 . 3 6 1 6 . 9 0 1 8 . 0 4 2 6 . 5 5 L a 1 1 . 3 8 1 0 6 . 5 6 5 6 . 4 4 3 6 . 3 0 2 4 0 . 4 1 1 4 6 . 9 7 6 6 . 7 5 B a 1 2 1 6 9 1 9 0 0 . 0 0 2 1 2 8 3 6 1 6 3 9 4 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 1 : 7 1 4 . 1 8 1 . 4 3 1 . 4 6 6 . 1 4 6 . 2 8 2 . 3 1 H f 5 . 9 8 1 1 . 6 0 5 . 2 6 4 . 9 7 1 6 . 0 9 1 9 . 1 1 7 . 9 8 T h 3 3 . 8 9 2 3 . 1 7 3 2 . 0 9 3 2 . 1 0 1 7 . 3 6 1 2 . 5 7 2 4 . 3 3 L a 3 5 . 9 4 1 1 6 . 4 2 3 4 . 6 1 2 9 . 8 9 2 2 5 . 0 0 1 4 8 . 3 1 7 1 . 0 4 C e 7 5 . 6 7 1 9 6 . 4 1 6 5 . 0 2 6 1 . 5 9 3 8 2 . 5 6 2 3 5 . 1 6 1 3 0 . 7 8 S m 6 . 9 0 1 0 . 0 7 5 . 7 1 6 . 1 2 1 2 . 4 1 1 0 . 3 9 8 . 6 2 E u 0 . 3 5 1 . 3 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 8 3 . 2 0 3 . 3 6 0 . 6 4 T b 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 4 Y b 3 . 2 4 2 . 8 0 2 . 8 8 2 . 9 9 2 . 3 4 2 . 5 2 2 . 7 2 L u 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 4 0 . 4 1 0 . 4 7 0 . 4 7 S t r a t 1 1 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 2 7 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r A 5 - 3 7 A 5 - 5 6 A 5 - 5 8 A 5 - 6 3 A 5 - 6 5 A 5 - 6 8 A 5 - 6 9 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 5 . 5 1 7 5 . 6 1 6 7 . 3 8 6 0 . 2 3 6 7 . 9 7 7 2 . 3 1 5 9 . 4 3 T i O 2 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 4 0 . 3 8 0 . 8 7 0 . 4 4 0 . 2 3 0 . 9 6 . A l g h 1 1 . 8 6 1 1 . 8 9 1 5 . 6 7 1 7 . 4 7 1 5 . 6 0 1 3 . 8 3 1 7 . 4 5 F e O 0 . 6 8 0 . 5 5 1 . 4 2 3 . 7 2 1 . 6 2 1 . 0 2 4 . 3 0 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 2 M 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 1 . 5 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 1 1 1 . 7 0 C a O 0 . 3 5 0 . 3 0 1 . 1 1 3 . 1 5 0 . 9 3 0 . 7 2 3 . 2 9 N a g ) 3 . 1 0 2 . 9 7 4 . 1 8 4 . 6 3 4 . 1 5 3 . 7 2 4 . 4 8 K g ) 5 . 4 7 5 . 8 3 6 . 6 7 4 . 9 3 6 . 6 3 5 . 9 3 4 . 8 1 n g 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 9 T o t a l 9 7 . 2 0 9 7 . 3 6 9 7 . 2 9 9 6 . 9 7 9 7 . 7 9 9 7 . 9 8 9 6 . 9 3 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 . 2 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 . 3 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 2 8 . 9 0 2 5 . 2 0 3 8 . 4 0 9 4 . 5 0 4 6 . 4 0 3 3 . 6 0 9 9 . 5 0 R b 2 2 2 . 8 1 2 0 8 . 8 0 1 2 1 . 8 0 7 8 . 8 9 1 2 2 . 1 7 1 5 2 . 6 8 6 9 . 3 1 S r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 6 . 2 1 6 1 3 . 6 5 7 1 . 9 8 7 0 . 1 5 6 5 2 . 5 2 Y 3 3 . 5 5 3 4 . 4 6 3 1 . 7 5 3 1 . 6 1 3 4 . 9 0 3 2 . 2 3 3 2 . 2 0 Z r 1 2 8 . 5 5 1 2 9 . 9 1 3 9 6 . 3 2 8 6 5 . 5 7 4 8 8 . 4 3 2 2 3 . 4 2 9 8 5 N b 3 6 . 5 8 3 9 . 8 5 2 6 . 6 3 2 0 . 8 1 2 4 . 4 1 2 2 . 1 5 1 4 . 3 0 L a 0 . 6 4 3 0 . 1 2 1 2 5 . 3 4 1 1 8 . 5 7 1 6 9 . 7 6 3 7 . 3 6 1 3 6 . 5 3 B a 0 . 0 0 4 6 7 0 9 3 9 9 0 4 9 9 3 7 3 4 0 7 3 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 1 . 7 4 1 . 4 2 3 . 9 3 6 . 8 7 4 . 1 8 1 . 2 8 7 . 2 9 H f 4 . 8 4 5 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 0 1 8 . 8 8 1 2 . 7 4 6 . 9 8 1 9 . 5 8 T h 3 1 . 5 5 3 2 . 4 5 2 0 . 1 2 1 2 . 0 9 2 1 . 1 2 2 3 . 0 2 1 1 . 7 7 L a 3 1 . 9 1 3 1 . 7 6 1 2 0 . 7 6 1 3 7 . 6 0 1 4 6 . 1 4 5 2 . 7 2 1 3 3 . 8 6 C e 6 1 . 6 2 6 6 . 3 9 2 2 3 . 3 1 2 2 8 . 7 0 2 6 4 . 8 1 1 0 2 . 7 8 2 2 8 . 1 1 S m 6 . 0 3 5 . 6 4 1 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 4 9 6 . 8 1 9 . 8 8 E u 0 . 1 8 0 . 2 1 1 . 4 9 3 . 5 0 1 . 5 7 0 . 5 0 3 . 4 4 T b 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 2 Y b 2 . 9 1 3 . 0 5 2 . 6 8 2 . 3 7 2 . 8 0 2 . 6 6 2 . 3 6 L u 0 . 5 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 4 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 3 0 . 4 6 0 . 4 1 S t r a t 3 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 1 0 0 2 2 8 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r A 5 - 7 1 A 5 - 7 2 A 5 - 7 5 A 5 - 7 9 A 2 1 — 1 8 A 2 1 - 1 9 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) 5 1 0 2 6 5 . 0 2 6 1 . 8 6 5 7 . 6 8 7 4 . 9 0 7 5 . 1 1 7 4 . 5 2 T i O z 0 . 5 4 0 . 6 9 1 . 1 1 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 3 A l g h 1 6 . 6 1 1 7 . 5 8 1 7 . 6 9 1 2 . 1 6 1 2 . 1 3 1 2 . 6 3 F e O 1 . 8 4 3 . 0 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 6 4 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 2 M n O 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 M 9 0 0 . 5 2 1 . 1 1 2 . 1 7 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 C a O 1 . 3 1 2 . 5 2 4 . 0 8 0 . 4 7 0 . 4 1 0 . 3 5 N a g ) 4 . 2 8 4 . 2 7 4 . 6 0 2 . 7 4 3 . 5 5 2 . 9 9 K g ) 6 . 7 7 5 . 2 8 4 . 2 0 6 . 2 1 5 . 0 7 5 . 3 0 P g h 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 4 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 T o t a l 9 7 . 1 0 9 6 . 6 6 9 7 . 0 2 9 7 . 5 4 9 7 . 2 2 9 7 . 0 5 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e C r 4 . 2 0 2 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 4 7 . 3 0 7 8 . 2 0 9 6 . 0 0 2 8 . 0 0 5 3 . 3 0 5 5 . 9 0 R b 8 5 . 1 1 7 6 . 5 0 6 6 . 1 8 2 0 8 . 2 9 2 1 8 . 7 6 2 0 8 . 9 7 S r 1 5 5 . 0 5 5 2 0 . 8 8 8 1 9 . 5 4 4 . 0 3 3 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 Y 2 8 . 2 1 3 0 . 1 7 2 9 . 7 7 2 9 . 4 7 3 0 . 0 6 2 7 . 6 4 Z r 5 4 2 . 2 5 8 1 9 9 8 2 1 2 5 . 4 4 1 3 1 . 3 0 1 2 8 . 1 3 N b 1 4 . 0 1 1 7 . 0 1 1 1 . 2 3 2 8 . 0 4 2 8 . 3 8 2 8 . 3 0 L a 2 4 2 . 3 5 1 3 1 . 4 1 1 0 7 . 4 6 2 3 . 4 9 5 0 . 5 1 5 1 . 7 0 B a 1 1 6 8 3 5 6 0 4 7 0 3 2 4 0 . 0 0 2 5 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 6 . 3 7 6 . 2 7 8 . 0 6 0 . 9 7 1 . 3 4 1 . 5 4 H f 1 2 . 2 6 1 7 . 7 8 1 8 . 6 0 4 . 9 1 5 . 2 2 3 . 9 2 T h 1 9 . 5 8 1 3 . 3 0 1 1 . 4 1 3 0 . 5 2 2 9 . 9 5 2 4 . 1 9 L a 2 3 2 . 9 4 1 3 4 . 5 6 1 2 8 . 2 5 2 9 . 7 5 3 4 . 6 7 2 8 . 4 8 C e 3 9 3 . 0 1 2 3 8 . 7 0 2 1 7 . 2 3 5 6 . 8 0 6 4 . 0 1 4 9 . 6 5 S m 1 3 . 1 2 9 . 6 1 8 . 9 3 5 . 2 2 5 . 8 0 5 . 5 1 E u 2 . 6 0 2 . 9 9 3 . 3 0 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 2 T b 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 6 0 . 4 7 Y b 2 . 3 7 2 . 5 4 2 . 4 0 2 . 9 7 3 . 1 1 1 . 3 0 L u 0 . 4 9 0 . 4 4 0 . 3 1 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 2 2 S t r a t 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 3 ' . — - ‘ \ l p . . . “ ‘ N J t " , ( I ) > 4 b e " 3 ( Y . 2 2 9 A p p e n d i x 2 . C o n t i n u e d . A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e N u m b e r A 2 1 - 2 3 A 2 1 - 2 6 W e i g h t P e r c e n t O x i d e ( w t % ) S i O 2 7 4 . 5 7 7 5 . 4 9 T i O 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 3 A 1 2 0 3 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 0 9 F e O 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 1 M n O 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 M g O 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 C a O 0 . 3 7 0 . 3 7 N a g ) 3 . 7 5 3 . 6 0 K 2 0 4 . 7 0 4 . 9 9 P 2 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 T o t a l 9 6 . 7 2 9 7 . 4 6 X - r a y F l u o r e s c e n c e ( P p m ) C r 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 N i 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 C u 1 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 Z n 5 5 . 3 0 5 4 . 2 0 R b 2 1 7 . 9 0 2 2 2 . 2 3 S r 4 . 7 9 2 . 4 2 Y 2 7 . 1 6 3 4 . 0 0 Z r 1 2 0 . 0 8 1 2 5 . 5 2 N b 3 1 . 0 3 3 1 . 1 5 L a 4 4 . 2 7 3 4 . 2 2 B a 1 2 8 1 0 4 I N A A ( p p m ) S c 1 . 5 8 1 . 6 9 H f 5 . 3 1 5 . 5 8 T h 3 1 . 9 6 3 2 . 7 6 L a 3 3 . 0 6 3 2 . 0 4 C e 5 7 . 8 4 6 9 . 9 0 S m 5 . 2 4 6 . 1 3 E u 0 . 1 7 0 . 1 6 T b 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 4 Y b 2 . 7 6 2 . 9 8 L u 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 5 S t r a t 3 3 A P P E N D I X 3 A n a l y t i c a l T e c h n i q u e s M a j o r a n d T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( X R F ) T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( I N A A ) P h e n o c r y s t C o m p o s i t i o n s M a g n e t i t e / I l m e n i t e A n a l y s e s A N A L Y T I C A L T E C H N I Q U E M a j o r a n d T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( X R F ) O v e r 1 3 0 g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s f r o m t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f w e r e p r e p a r e d f o r x - r a y f l u o r e s c e n c e a n a l y s i s . A l l o f t h e w e a t h e r e d r i n d a n d a s h y m a t r i x w a s c l e a n e d o f f o f e a c h s a m p l e . T h e p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s w e r e t h e n c o a r s e c r u s h e d i n t o 3 m m t o 5 m m s i z e d p i e c e s i n a c e r a m i c m o r t a r a n d p e s t l e . T h e c r u s h e d s a m p l e ( i n c l u d i n g f i n e s ) w a s t h e n b o i l e d f o r 3 0 m i n u t e s i n a c a r b o n a t e l e a c h s o l u t i o n ( 1 3 . 5 m l g l a c i a l a c e t i c a c i d , 4 1 g s o d i u m a c e t a t e , a n d 4 7 0 m l d i s t i l l e d w a t e r ) t o r e m o v e a n y s e c o n d a r y c a r b o n a t e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( J a c k s o n , 1 9 7 9 ) . T h e r e s i d u e w a s t h e n o v e n d r i e d , h a n d g r o u n d ' i n a n a g a t e m o r t a r a n d p e s t l e t o - 2 0 0 m e s h , a n d s t o r e d i n p o l y v i n y l v i a l s . B e f o r e f u s i n g , t h e s a m p l e s w e r e v a c u u m - o v e n d r i e d a t 1 1 0 ° C f o r 2 4 h o u r s . F i n a l l y , e a c h s a m p l e w a s f u s e d i n p l a t i n u m - g o l d a l l o y c r u c i b l e s a n d m o l d e d i n t o a g l a s s w a f e r . F o r e a c h w a f e r , a m i x t u r e o f 9 . 0 g L i Z B 4 O 7 , 1 . 0 9 s a m p l e , a n d 0 . 1 6 g N H 3 N O 4 w a s u s e d ( a l l w e i g h t s + / - 0 . 0 0 0 5 9 ) . F o r a l l s a m p l e s , a l l m a j o r - e l e m e n t o x i d e s a n d e l e v e n t r a c e e l e m e n t s w e r e c o l l e c t e d b y a n a u t o m a t e d R i g a k u ( S - M a x ) X - r a y f l u o r e s c e n c e ( X R F ) s p e c t r o m e t e r a t M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . T h e C r i s s m a t r i x a b s o r p t i o n p a r a m e t e r w a s u s e d t o c o r r e c t a l l m a j o r - e l e m e n t X R F a n a l y s e s ( C r i s s , 1 9 8 0 ) . U . S . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y ( U S G S ) w h o l e - r o c k s t a n d a r d s 2 3 0 2 3 1 w e r e r u n w i t h e a c h s a m p l e s e t a s b o t h k n o w n a n d u n k n o w n s a m p l e s . R e s u l t s o f t h e U S G S s t a n d a r d s r u n a s u n k n o w n s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e A 3 a ( m a j o r e l e m e n t s ) a n d T a b l e A 3 b ( t r a c e e l e m e n t s ) a l o n g w i t h t h e p u b l i s h e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . T r a c e e l e m e n t s d e t e r m i n e d b y X R F i n c l u d e C r , N i , C u , Z n , R b , S r , Y , Z r , N b , L a , a n d B a . T r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d b y l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n o n a n a l y z e d U S G S s t a n d a r d s . M a t r i x a d s o r p t i o n e f f e c t s d u r i n g t r a c e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s w e r e c o r r e c t e d f o r b y u s i n g t h e C o m p t o n p e a k a s a n i n t e r n a l r e f e r e n c e p e a k c o r r e c t i o n f a c t o r a s d e s c r i b e d b y R e y n o l d s ( 1 9 6 3 , 1 9 6 7 ) a n d W i l b a n d ( 1 9 7 5 ) . A l l m a j o r e l e m e n t d a t a c i t e d i n t h i s s t u d y h a s b e e n r e c a l c u l a t e d t o 1 0 0 % a n h y d r o u s c o n d i t i o n s w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e r a w d a t a i n A p p e n d i x 2 . I r o n i s r e p o r t e d a s F e o t o t a l a n d H 2 0 " a n d H 2 O + w e r e n o t d e t e r m i n e d . T r a c e E l e m e n t s ( I N A A ) M o s t s a m p l e s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f w e r e a n a l y z e d b y I N A A ( I n s t r u m e n t a l N e u t r o n A c t i v a t i o n A n a l y s i s ) . E a c h s a m p l e c o n s i s t e d o f a o n e g r a m s p l i t o f t h e X R F p o w d e r ( s e e p r e p a r a t i o n t e c h n i q u e a b o v e ) . E a c h s a m p l e w a s t h e n h e a t s e a l e d i n a p o l y v i n y l r a b b i t a n d t h e n i r r a d i a t e d . M o s t s a m p l e s w e r e a c t i v a t e d w i t h t h e T r i g a M a r k I I I r e a c t o r a t M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y u n d e r a n e u t r o n f l u x 2 3 2 T a b l e A 3 a . X - r a y f l u o r e s c e n c e m a j o r e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f U S G S s t a n d a r d s r u n a s u n k n o w n s c o m p a r e d t o t h e r e p o r t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n G o v i n d a r a j u ( 1 9 8 4 ) . A G V - l $ 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T i 0 2 P 2 0 5 M n O T o t a l R e p o r t e d 5 9 . 2 5 1 7 . 1 5 6 . 5 3 1 . 5 3 4 . 9 4 4 . 2 5 2 . 9 0 1 . 0 6 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 A n a l y s i s 1 5 9 . 9 6 1 7 . 1 2 6 . 1 9 1 . 5 1 4 . 9 6 4 . 3 0 2 . 9 4 1 . 0 7 0 . 5 1 0 . 1 0 9 8 . 6 6 A n a l y s i s 2 6 0 . 4 1 1 7 . 4 4 6 . 1 5 1 . 5 0 5 . 0 0 4 . 3 1 2 . 9 4 1 . 0 7 0 . 5 1 0 . 1 0 9 9 . 4 4 A n a l y s i s 3 6 0 . 0 2 1 7 . 0 9 6 . 1 6 1 . 5 6 4 . 9 9 4 . 2 3 2 . 9 4 1 . 0 9 0 . 5 1 0 . 1 0 9 8 . 6 9 U n c e r t a i n t y 1 . 1 6 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 B C R - l $ 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T i 0 2 P 2 0 5 M n O T o t a l R e p o r t e d 5 4 . 3 5 1 3 . 6 3 1 2 . 4 7 3 . 4 5 6 . 9 5 3 . 2 7 1 . 6 9 2 . 2 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 9 A n a l y s i s 1 5 4 . 8 7 1 3 . 5 9 1 2 . 0 1 3 . 7 9 6 . 9 5 3 . 2 0 1 . 7 1 2 . 2 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 1 9 9 8 . 9 6 U n c e r t a i n t y 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 4 6 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 G S P - l $ 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T 1 0 2 P 2 0 5 M n O T o t a l R e p o r t e d 6 7 . 3 7 1 5 . 1 6 4 . 0 6 0 . 9 9 2 . 0 4 2 . 8 0 5 . 5 1 0 . 6 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 4 A n a l y s i s 1 6 7 . 2 9 1 4 . 9 3 3 . 7 9 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 7 2 . 8 0 5 . 5 2 0 . 6 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 4 9 8 . 3 9 U n c e r t a i n t y 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 G - l 8 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 ' T i 0 2 P 2 0 5 M n O T o t a l R e p o r t e d 7 2 . 4 6 1 4 . 2 3 1 . 8 5 0 . 3 9 1 . 3 8 3 . 3 3 5 . 4 8 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 3 A n a l y s i s 1 7 1 . 7 5 1 4 . 2 4 1 . 8 8 0 . 3 9 1 . 3 3 3 . 3 7 5 . 5 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 3 9 8 . 8 3 U n c e r t a i n t y 0 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 G - 2 S i 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T 1 0 2 P 2 0 5 M n O T o t a l R e p o r t e d 6 9 . 0 4 1 5 . 1 4 2 . 5 2 0 . 7 6 1 . 9 7 4 . 0 7 4 . 4 9 0 . 5 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 A n a l y s i s 1 6 9 . 6 1 1 5 . 4 4 2 . 3 8 0 . 7 4 1 . 9 8 4 . 0 7 4 . 4 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 3 5 A n a l y s i s 2 6 9 . 6 2 1 5 . 4 6 2 . 3 6 0 . 7 9 1 . 9 9 4 . 1 2 4 . 4 8 0 . 4 8 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 4 7 A n a l y s i s 3 6 9 . 7 4 1 5 . 6 0 2 . 3 6 0 . 7 6 1 . 9 9 4 . 1 4 4 . 4 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 7 5 A n a l y s i s 4 6 9 . 2 6 1 5 . 1 8 2 . 3 7 0 . 7 7 2 . 0 0 4 . 0 6 4 . 4 8 0 . 5 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 9 8 . 7 7 A n a l y s i s 5 6 9 . 6 2 1 5 . 3 4 2 . 3 5 0 . 7 4 2 . 0 0 4 . 0 4 4 . 4 8 0 . 4 9 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 2 2 U n c e r t a i n t y 0 . 7 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 3 3 T a b l e A 3 a . C o n t i n u e d . W — l $ 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T i 0 2 P 2 0 5 M n O T o t a l R e p o r t e d 5 2 . 5 5 1 4 . 9 9 1 0 . 2 1 6 . 6 2 1 0 . 9 4 2 . 1 3 0 . 6 4 1 . 0 7 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 7 A n a l y s i s 1 5 2 . 3 8 1 4 . 8 9 1 0 . 1 3 6 . 6 9 1 0 . 9 7 2 . 1 5 0 6 4 1 1 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 7 9 9 . 2 7 A n a l y s i s 2 5 2 . 7 2 1 5 . 0 8 9 . 9 3 6 . 6 0 1 0 . 8 7 2 . 0 9 0 6 3 1 0 8 0 . 1 5 0 . 1 7 9 9 . 3 2 U n c e r t a i n t y 0 . 2 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 3 4 T a b l e A 3 b . X - r a y f l u o r e s c e n c e t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f U S G S s t a n d a r d s r u n a s u n k n o w n s c o m p a r e d t o r e p o r t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n G o v i n d a r a j u ( 1 9 8 4 ) . A G V - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 1 2 1 7 6 0 8 8 6 7 6 6 0 2 1 2 2 5 1 5 3 7 1 2 2 0 A n a l y s i s 1 1 9 . 5 1 2 . 8 6 6 . 2 8 3 7 8 6 6 7 2 4 . 8 2 2 9 1 8 . 7 5 1 . 0 1 4 4 4 A n a l y s i s 2 2 6 . 0 4 . 1 6 5 . 7 9 1 6 8 6 6 5 2 5 . 0 2 2 7 1 0 . 2 3 2 . 9 1 2 4 9 A n a l y s i s 3 1 6 . 7 5 . 2 5 6 . 1 8 8 7 0 6 6 2 2 5 . 2 2 2 7 7 . 5 5 8 . 8 1 1 8 4 A n a l y s i s 4 2 5 . 1 2 . 2 6 4 . 4 9 4 6 9 6 6 2 2 4 . 7 2 2 7 8 . 4 4 0 . 2 1 1 0 8 A n a l y s i s 5 7 . 3 3 . 3 4 8 . 5 9 0 7 2 6 6 3 2 5 . 1 2 3 1 1 4 . 1 , 4 3 . 1 1 3 8 2 A n a l y s i s 6 2 1 . 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 6 9 1 7 2 6 5 8 2 5 . 3 2 3 1 1 1 . 5 0 . 0 1 0 9 2 A n a l y s i s 7 2 1 . 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 6 9 1 7 2 6 5 8 2 5 . 3 2 3 1 1 1 . 5 0 . 0 1 0 9 2 A n a l y s i s 8 7 . 3 3 . 3 4 8 . 5 9 0 7 2 6 6 3 2 5 . 1 2 1 4 1 4 . 1 4 3 . 1 1 3 8 7 A n a l y s i s 9 1 7 . 6 1 1 . 6 6 4 . 1 8 9 7 2 6 5 7 2 7 . 1 2 2 8 1 1 . 0 3 4 . 3 1 1 0 4 A n a l y s i s 1 0 1 4 . 3 1 3 . 4 6 2 . 0 8 5 6 8 6 6 3 2 6 . 7 2 3 0 9 . 7 4 5 . 9 1 1 9 3 A n a l y s i s 1 1 6 . 6 1 4 . 0 6 1 . 2 9 2 7 0 6 6 3 2 4 . 8 2 2 8 8 . 1 3 8 . 4 1 1 6 9 A n a l y s i s 1 2 1 5 . 1 2 0 . 5 5 8 . 6 8 7 7 0 6 6 4 2 4 . 4 2 2 6 6 . 8 3 8 . 8 1 2 8 7 U n c e r t a i n t y 1 4 . 0 1 6 . 8 1 1 . 5 6 1 1 7 6 . 1 1 1 8 . 2 3 7 . 0 2 2 4 M e a n 1 6 . 5 7 . 6 5 8 . 0 8 9 7 1 6 6 2 2 5 . 3 2 2 7 1 1 . 0 3 5 . 5 1 2 2 4 S t d . d e v . 6 . 7 6 . 6 6 . 9 3 3 3 0 . 8 5 3 . 4 1 8 . 0 1 2 5 S E M e a n 1 . 9 1 . 9 2 . 0 1 1 1 0 . 2 1 1 . 0 5 . 2 3 6 B C R - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 1 6 1 3 1 8 1 2 9 4 7 3 3 0 3 9 1 9 1 1 4 2 5 6 7 8 A n a l y s i s 1 3 5 . 5 8 . 8 1 4 . 1 1 2 5 5 1 3 2 8 2 5 . 5 1 7 6 1 2 . 7 3 0 . 6 6 8 2 A n a l y s i s 2 4 3 . 1 1 3 . 6 1 6 . 5 1 2 9 5 4 3 3 0 3 2 . 0 1 7 8 1 7 . 6 3 1 . 4 5 8 6 A n a l y s i s 3 4 7 . 2 1 0 . 1 1 6 . 7 1 2 5 5 2 3 3 0 3 2 . 8 1 7 8 1 3 . 5 2 4 . 1 7 1 4 A n a l y s i s 4 3 1 . 4 2 5 . 5 8 . 1 1 2 8 5 5 3 3 2 3 0 . 0 1 8 0 1 2 . 4 4 6 . 1 8 0 9 A n a l y s i s 5 3 7 . 1 1 9 . 0 3 . 8 1 2 5 4 8 3 2 7 3 0 . 5 1 7 8 1 0 . 6 8 . 1 7 4 3 U n c e r t a i n t y 3 1 . 2 1 2 . 5 1 4 . 2 4 8 3 1 3 . 5 1 5 3 . 6 2 1 . 1 1 3 1 M e a n 3 8 . 9 1 5 . 4 1 1 . 8 1 2 6 5 2 3 2 9 3 0 1 7 8 1 3 . 4 2 8 . 1 7 0 7 S t d . d e v . 6 . 3 6 . 9 5 . 7 2 3 2 2 . 8 1 2 . 6 1 3 . 8 8 2 S E M e a n 2 . 8 3 . 1 2 . 5 1 1 1 1 . 3 1 1 . 2 6 . 2 3 7 2 3 5 T a b l e A 3 b . C o n t i n u e d . G - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 2 0 < 1 1 2 4 5 2 1 5 2 4 9 1 3 2 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 1 0 8 0 A n a l y s i s 1 1 6 . 1 0 . 0 1 2 . 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 4 4 2 7 . 1 1 9 8 1 8 . 0 1 1 7 . 5 9 1 1 A n a l y s i s 2 2 3 . 6 0 . 0 1 6 . 4 4 6 2 1 3 2 5 1 3 8 . 1 2 0 1 2 4 . 1 9 4 . 2 8 8 7 A n a l y s i s 3 1 4 . 5 1 . 4 1 6 . 3 4 4 2 1 3 2 4 9 3 6 . 8 2 0 1 2 3 . 6 1 1 6 . 4 9 7 9 A n a l y s i s 4 2 6 . 7 1 . 1 8 . 1 4 7 2 1 4 2 4 6 3 4 . 4 1 9 7 2 1 . 6 8 8 . 7 1 1 4 9 A n a l y s i s 5 1 9 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 7 4 3 2 1 2 2 4 3 3 3 . 0 1 9 6 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 4 1 0 8 6 A n a l y s i s 6 0 . 0 1 8 . 2 1 5 . 6 4 0 2 0 2 2 4 1 3 3 . 2 1 9 8 1 6 . 3 8 0 . 5 1 1 3 0 U n c e r t a i n t y 2 0 . 0 1 8 . 2 4 . 4 5 1 3 8 2 5 . 1 5 4 . 1 2 4 . 5 1 9 3 M e a n 1 6 . 7 5 . 1 1 3 . 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 4 6 3 3 . 8 1 9 9 2 0 . 6 9 6 . 3 1 0 2 4 S t d . d e v . 9 . 4 7 . 5 3 . 4 3 5 4 3 8 2 3 . 1 1 6 . 8 1 1 3 S E M e a n 3 . 8 3 . 0 1 . 4 1 2 2 1 6 1 1 . 3 6 . 9 4 6 G - 2 C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 9 5 1 1 8 5 1 7 0 4 7 8 1 1 . 4 3 0 0 1 3 9 0 1 8 8 0 A n a l y s i s 1 1 0 . 3 2 8 . 6 6 . 4 9 3 1 7 5 4 7 7 2 5 . 9 3 0 6 1 7 . 4 7 5 . 5 2 1 2 6 A n a l y s i s 2 3 7 . 5 2 5 . 5 1 7 . 9 1 0 3 1 7 4 4 7 5 2 6 . 3 3 0 7 5 . 8 8 0 . 9 1 7 1 4 A n a l y s i s 3 1 8 . 1 1 9 . 7 4 . 6 9 6 1 7 2 4 7 4 2 6 . 0 3 0 5 1 2 . 4 8 3 . 1 1 9 2 2 A n a l y s i s 4 1 6 . 6 2 2 . 5 1 1 . 2 9 8 1 7 2 4 7 3 2 6 . 1 3 0 6 1 2 . 1 9 7 . 4 1 8 2 4 A n a l y s i s 5 1 3 . 4 1 7 . 3 0 . 0 9 6 1 7 2 4 7 5 2 6 . 2 3 0 6 1 4 . 4 6 7 . 6 2 0 5 5 A n a l y s i s 6 1 3 . 4 1 7 . 3 0 . 0 9 6 1 7 2 4 7 5 2 6 . 2 3 1 0 1 4 . 4 6 7 . 6 2 0 4 1 A n a l y s i s 7 2 2 . 5 1 9 . 9 7 . 3 9 1 1 7 4 4 7 2 3 2 . 5 3 0 4 8 . 3 9 7 . 3 1 8 6 9 A n a l y s i s 8 9 . 4 2 0 . 8 7 . 9 9 4 1 7 0 4 6 9 3 0 . 8 3 0 6 9 . 9 7 1 . 0 1 8 6 6 A n a l y s i s 9 6 . 8 2 2 . 9 3 . 8 9 6 1 7 3 4 7 1 2 9 . 7 3 0 5 7 . 8 9 2 . 1 1 8 7 7 A n a l y s i s 1 0 1 3 . 4 2 9 . 0 0 . 1 9 0 1 7 0 4 7 0 2 9 . 1 3 0 5 7 . 3 6 7 . 3 2 1 3 7 U n c e r t a i n t y 2 8 . 5 2 3 . 6 1 1 . 0 1 8 5 9 2 1 . 1 1 0 7 . 2 2 2 . 7 2 5 7 M e a n 1 6 . 1 2 2 . 4 5 . 9 9 5 1 7 2 4 7 3 2 7 . 9 3 0 6 1 1 . 0 8 0 . 0 1 9 4 3 S t d . d e v . 8 . 8 4 . 2 5 . 7 4 2 3 2 . 4 2 3 . 8 1 2 . 2 1 4 0 S E M e a n 2 8 1 . 3 1 . 8 1 1 1 0 . 8 1 1 . 2 3 . 8 4 4 2 3 6 T a b l e A 3 b . C o n t i n u e d . G S P - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 1 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 3 2 5 4 2 3 4 2 9 5 3 0 2 6 1 8 5 1 3 1 0 A n a l y s i s 1 1 7 . 3 9 . 1 6 2 . 8 1 0 7 2 5 7 2 1 8 2 9 . 4 4 9 4 2 5 . 9 2 1 1 . 8 1 2 2 3 A n a l y s i s 2 2 . 7 1 2 . 9 5 1 . 7 9 8 2 5 6 2 2 1 2 9 . 2 4 9 7 2 3 . 8 1 7 7 . 4 1 2 4 3 A n a l y s i s 3 9 . 0 1 1 . 7 5 2 . 7 1 0 0 2 5 4 2 2 6 4 8 . 0 4 9 6 2 6 . 7 1 9 4 . 7 1 3 7 9 A n a l y s i s 4 1 5 . 5 1 4 . 3 5 9 . 1 1 0 5 2 5 9 2 2 7 4 6 . 7 4 9 5 2 8 . 5 1 7 5 . 2 1 4 0 0 A n a l y s i s 5 9 . 8 1 8 . 9 5 6 . 9 1 0 2 2 5 5 2 2 5 4 3 . 2 4 9 7 2 5 . 3 1 7 9 . 7 1 3 3 0 A n a l y s i s 6 2 . 4 1 8 . 9 5 6 . 1 9 9 2 5 6 2 2 0 4 3 . 0 5 0 3 2 5 . 2 1 5 2 . 7 1 3 7 9 U n c e r t a i n t y 1 0 . 6 8 . 9 2 8 . 8 5 5 1 6 1 9 . 0 3 6 2 . 5 2 6 . 8 9 0 M e a n 9 . 5 1 4 . 3 5 6 . 6 1 0 2 2 5 6 2 2 3 3 9 . 9 4 9 7 2 5 . 9 1 8 1 . 9 1 3 2 6 S t d . D e v . 6 . 2 4 . 0 4 . 1 4 2 4 8 . 5 3 1 . 6 1 9 . 9 7 6 S E M e a n 2 . 5 1 . 6 1 . 7 2 1 2 3 . 5 l 0 . 7 8 . 1 3 1 M R G - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 4 5 0 1 9 5 1 3 5 1 9 0 8 2 6 0 1 6 1 0 5 2 0 1 0 5 0 A n a l y s i s 1 4 4 9 . 1 9 3 . 6 7 . 6 1 8 8 7 2 6 9 2 3 . 2 1 1 3 2 3 . 5 1 1 . 1 6 4 U n c e r t a i n t y 0 . 1 . 6 7 . 2 1 7 . 2 8 3 . 5 1 . 1 1 4 R G M - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 4 6 1 1 3 6 1 5 5 1 0 0 2 5 2 0 0 9 . 4 2 3 8 0 0 A n a l y s i s 1 8 . 3 0 . 0 3 3 . 3 2 8 1 4 6 1 0 8 3 5 . 8 1 9 8 1 2 . 4 2 6 . 1 7 6 1 A n a l y s i s 2 0 . 0 0 . 0 2 5 . 9 3 3 1 5 3 1 0 7 3 3 . 7 2 0 0 1 5 . 0 4 3 . 2 6 6 7 A n a l y s i s 3 3 . 2 0 . 0 3 9 . 4 2 9 1 5 0 1 0 2 3 3 . 4 1 9 7 7 . 8 1 0 . 4 7 1 5 A n a l y s i s 4 0 . 0 8 . 8 2 3 . 0 2 6 1 3 8 9 8 3 0 . 9 1 9 7 1 0 . 6 2 5 . 3 8 6 1 U n c e r t a i n t y 4 . 3 6 . 0 2 8 . 4 1 0 1 7 8 1 0 . 8 3 5 . 6 2 0 . 2 1 3 3 M e a n 2 . 9 2 . 2 3 0 . 4 2 9 1 4 7 1 0 4 3 3 . 5 1 9 8 1 1 . 5 2 6 . 3 7 5 1 S t d . d e v . 3 . 9 4 . 4 7 . 4 3 7 5 2 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 4 8 3 S E M e a n 2 . 0 2 . 2 3 . 7 2 3 2 1 . 0 1 1 . 5 6 . 7 4 1 2 3 7 T a b l e A 3 b . C o n t i n u e d . S T M - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 4 3 4 2 4 0 1 2 0 7 0 0 4 6 1 3 0 0 2 2 0 1 5 0 5 6 0 A n a l y s i s 1 0 . 8 8 . 4 8 6 . 1 2 4 0 1 1 9 7 0 7 4 5 . 8 1 0 5 6 2 6 9 . 7 1 4 6 . 6 5 8 7 A n a l y s i s 2 3 . 5 2 . 0 8 2 . 5 2 3 9 1 1 6 7 0 4 4 5 . 9 1 0 6 3 2 6 9 . 6 1 6 2 . 2 5 2 2 A n a l y s i s 3 1 4 . 1 1 0 . 7 8 1 . 2 2 3 7 1 2 0 7 0 4 4 0 . 9 1 0 6 6 2 6 9 . 7 1 6 3 . 6 5 4 3 A n a l y s i s 4 1 . 2 3 . 8 3 . 8 2 3 9 1 1 6 7 0 9 3 9 . 6 1 0 6 7 2 7 2 . 5 1 5 0 . 2 5 2 4 U n c e r t a i n t y 1 0 . 1 7 . 7 8 2 . 1 3 4 9 6 . 4 2 4 4 5 2 . 5 1 3 . 6 3 8 M e a n 4 . 9 6 . 2 6 3 . 4 2 3 9 1 1 8 7 0 6 4 3 . 1 1 0 6 3 2 7 0 . 4 1 5 5 . 7 5 4 4 S t d . d e v . 6 . 3 4 . 0 3 9 . 8 1 2 3 3 . 3 5 1 . 4 8 . 5 3 0 S E M e a n 3 1 2 . 0 1 9 . 9 1 1 1 1 . 6 3 0 . 7 4 . 3 1 5 W - l C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 1 2 0 7 5 1 1 4 8 4 2 1 1 8 7 2 6 1 0 0 8 1 1 1 6 2 A n a l y s i s 1 1 2 9 . 1 8 1 . 4 1 0 9 . 4 7 7 3 3 1 9 4 2 4 . 3 1 0 1 1 9 . 8 1 2 . 4 2 8 0 A n a l y s i s 2 1 2 3 . 7 7 1 . 5 1 0 7 . 6 8 3 2 2 1 8 9 2 4 . 4 9 7 1 0 . 8 1 . 1 1 4 0 A n a l y s i s 3 1 2 2 . 0 7 6 . 8 1 1 9 . 7 9 1 1 9 1 8 4 2 4 . 2 1 0 0 9 . 3 2 6 . 9 1 4 3 A n a l y s i s 4 1 1 9 . 4 6 9 . 5 9 2 . 2 8 4 2 3 1 9 3 2 4 . 3 1 0 3 1 3 . 9 0 . 0 3 1 4 A n a l y s i s 5 1 1 9 . 4 6 9 . 5 9 2 . 2 8 4 2 3 1 9 3 2 4 . 3 4 9 1 3 . 9 0 . 0 3 4 8 A n a l y s i s 6 1 2 0 . 8 7 8 . 1 1 0 4 . 6 8 0 2 2 1 8 9 2 3 . 5 1 0 0 1 0 . 6 1 8 . 7 1 8 9 A n a l y s i s 7 1 1 6 . 1 7 4 . 6 1 0 7 . 4 7 9 2 2 1 9 2 2 4 . 2 1 0 1 7 . 9 2 0 . 2 1 8 3 A n a l y s i s 8 1 1 5 . 8 7 0 . 5 1 0 9 . 5 7 8 2 0 1 8 9 2 3 . 2 1 0 2 1 1 . 2 9 . 2 2 4 6 A n a l y s i s 9 1 1 6 . 8 7 2 . 5 1 1 1 . 6 7 6 2 0 1 8 8 2 2 . 3 9 7 1 1 . 8 7 . 4 3 0 U n c e r t a i n t y 9 . 1 6 . 4 2 1 . 8 8 1 2 7 3 . 7 5 1 1 1 . 8 1 5 . 9 1 8 6 M e a n 1 2 0 . 3 7 3 . 8 1 0 6 . 0 8 1 2 3 1 9 0 2 3 . 9 9 4 1 2 . 1 1 0 . 7 2 0 8 S t d . d e v . 4 . 2 4 . 2 8 . 9 5 4 3 0 . 7 1 7 3 . 5 9 . 7 9 9 S E M e a n 1 . 4 1 . 4 3 . 0 2 1 1 0 . 2 6 1 . 2 3 . 2 3 3 W - 2 C r N i C u Z n R b S r Y Z r N b L a B a R e p o r t e d 9 2 7 0 1 0 6 8 0 2 1 1 9 2 2 3 1 0 0 6 . 8 1 0 . 4 1 7 4 A n a l y s i s 1 8 9 . 4 7 2 . 8 1 0 7 . 9 7 5 1 9 1 9 4 2 4 . 2 9 9 1 2 . 9 3 . 0 2 2 7 A n a l y s i s 2 8 9 . 3 6 6 . 3 1 1 3 . 8 7 7 1 7 2 0 0 2 3 . 6 1 0 0 9 . 8 1 6 . 6 1 4 7 A n a l y s i s 3 9 6 . 7 7 0 . 2 1 1 2 . 7 7 6 2 3 1 9 8 2 3 . 2 9 8 1 1 . 1 1 . 5 2 1 2 A n a l y s i s 4 9 4 . 7 7 1 . 0 1 0 8 . 8 7 2 2 0 1 9 7 2 2 . 3 1 0 1 1 0 . 8 0 . 5 1 7 5 A n a l y s i s 5 9 9 . 4 7 0 . 4 1 1 3 . 7 7 4 1 5 1 9 3 2 3 . 2 1 0 0 9 . 4 3 . 6 6 4 U n c e r t a i n t y 7 . 4 3 . 7 7 . 8 8 6 8 1 . 2 2 6 . 1 9 . 9 1 1 0 M e a n 9 3 . 9 7 0 . 1 1 1 1 . 4 7 5 1 9 1 9 6 2 3 . 3 1 0 0 1 0 . 8 5 . 0 1 6 5 S t d . d e v . 4 . 5 2 . 4 2 . 8 2 3 3 0 . 7 1 1 . 4 6 . 6 6 5 S E M e a n 2 . 0 1 . 1 1 . 3 1 l 1 0 3 1 0 . 6 2 . 9 2 9 2 3 8 o f 1 0 1 2 f o r 1 5 h o u r s . T h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e s a m p l e s w e r e a c t i v a t e d w i t h t h e T r i g a r e a c t o r a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s , U r b a n a - C h a m p a i g n u n d e r a n e u t r o n f l u x o f 1 0 1 5 f o r 4 h o u r s . A l l s a m p l e s w e r e c o u n t e d a t M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y u s i n g a G e L i d e t e c t o r a n d a C a n b e r r a S e r i e s 3 5 P l u s M u l t i c h a n n e l A n a l y z e r . S m , L a , N a , a n d S c w e r e c o u n t e d 7 - 8 d a y s a f t e r a c t i v a t i o n a n d T h , H f , C e , E u , T b , Y b , a n d L u w e r e c o u n t e d 1 4 - 1 6 d a y s a f t e r a c t i v a t i o n ( s e e G o r d o n , e t a l . , 1 9 6 8 f o r c o u n t i n g p a r a m e t e r s ) . T h e I N A A d a t a r e d u c t i o n p r o g r a m s " M C A " a n d " N E U T R O N " u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y w e r e w r i t t e n b y D r . J . T . W i l b a n d o f M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . F i v e t o s i x i n t e r n a t i o n a l w h o l e - r o c k s t a n d a r d s w e r e r u n i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e s a m p l e s . A n a l y z e d s t a n d a r d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d t h e i r p u b l i s h e d v a l u e s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e A 3 c . P h e n o c r y s t C o m p o s i t i o n s M o s t p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d b y a u t o m a t e d e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s ( J E O L 7 3 3 A S u p e r p r o b e ) a t t h e L a w r e n c e L i v e r m o r e N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y ( L L N L ) . S e v e r a l a d d i t i o n a l s a m p l e s f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r w e r e a n a l y z e d o n a C a m e c a m i c r o p r o b e a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n , A n n A r b o r ( U M ) . P h e n o c r y s t s w e r e s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e g l a s s y p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s b y g e n t l y h a n d c r u s h i n g t h e p u m i c e i n a c e r a m i c m o r t a r a n d p e s t l e a n d s i e v i n g t h e r e s u l t i n g p o w d e r s . 2 3 9 T a b l e A 3 a . A n a l y t i c a l e r r o r s f o r I N A A t r a c e e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s b a s e d o n l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n o f a n a l y z e d U S G S ( B I R - l , G - l , G - 2 , Q L O - l , R G M - l , S T M - l a n d W - 2 ) , C a n a d i a n ( M R G - l a n d S Y - 2 ) a n d J a p a n e s e ( J G - 1 a ) r o c k s t a n d a r d s . E l e m e n t I n t e r c e p t M e a n S t d . E r r o r D e g r e e s C o r r e l a t i o n s q u a r e o f E s t i m a t e F r e e d o m C o e f f i c i e n t r e s i d u a l s S c - 0 . 2 6 3 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 3 9 0 1 4 0 . 9 9 0 - 0 . 3 0 8 - - 0 . 4 7 1 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 0 . 5 2 1 - - 0 . 3 5 5 1 0 0 . 9 9 9 - 0 . 9 6 7 1 . 5 1 3 1 . 2 3 0 1 0 0 . 9 9 9 H f 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 4 0 9 1 8 0 . 9 7 2 - 0 . 3 7 7 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 3 5 4 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 0 . 5 0 3 - - 0 . 4 1 7 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 1 . 4 8 9 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 1 5 9 7 0 . 9 8 5 5 . 9 5 2 0 . 3 5 2 0 . 5 9 3 1 0 0 . 9 9 8 T h 0 . 5 1 4 0 . 9 9 4 0 . 9 9 7 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 2 5 7 0 . 5 0 7 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 0 . 4 2 6 - - 0 . 6 7 8 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 3 . 7 6 2 4 . 9 2 6 2 . 2 1 9 1 0 0 . 9 9 3 ~ 6 . 5 1 4 0 . 7 4 6 0 . 8 6 3 1 0 0 . 9 9 9 L a - 1 . 8 9 1 1 8 . 9 5 9 4 . 3 5 0 1 8 0 . 9 9 4 - 1 7 . 5 6 0 6 . 2 0 2 2 . 4 9 0 7 0 . 9 9 9 - 1 . 9 1 7 - - 2 . 0 0 8 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 0 . 5 3 5 - - 1 . 8 3 9 1 0 0 . 9 9 9 - l . 7 7 0 6 7 . 5 2 4 8 . 2 1 7 1 0 0 . 9 7 9 C e - 0 . 8 6 0 3 5 . 5 8 0 5 . 9 6 5 1 4 0 . 9 9 6 - 6 . 0 4 1 9 . 6 1 9 3 . 1 0 1 1 3 0 . 9 9 9 - 5 . 4 6 0 - - 7 . 3 1 2 1 0 0 . 9 9 7 - 1 9 . 3 2 9 1 3 7 . 1 7 3 1 1 . 7 1 2 7 0 . 9 8 3 - 2 4 . 1 7 9 6 . 0 2 6 2 . 4 5 5 7 0 . 9 9 9 S m - 0 . 8 6 2 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 3 5 1 1 4 0 . 9 7 3 - 1 . 2 0 4 0 . 6 4 4 0 . 8 0 2 1 3 0 . 9 8 3 - 0 . 3 4 8 - - 0 . 4 4 0 1 3 0 . 9 9 2 - 0 . 3 8 6 - - 0 . 3 0 5 1 0 0 . 9 9 7 - 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 2 0 7 3 0 . 9 9 9 E u 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 8 1 7 0 . 9 8 4 - 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 7 5 1 3 0 . 9 9 8 - 0 . 8 5 3 - - 0 . 2 3 4 1 0 0 . 9 8 2 - 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 8 1 0 0 . 9 5 5 - 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 3 4 7 0 . 9 9 6 2 4 0 T a b l e C o n t i n u e d . T b 0 . 4 5 2 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 1 8 3 1 8 0 . 9 8 4 - 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 1 9 9 1 0 0 . 9 8 3 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 2 3 4 1 0 0 . 8 4 5 - 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 1 2 2 1 0 0 . 9 5 8 Y b - 0 . 2 4 9 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 2 5 5 1 4 0 . 9 1 4 0 . 8 1 5 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 3 4 4 1 3 0 . 9 6 1 - 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 2 2 2 1 0 0 . 9 7 4 - 2 . 4 1 4 0 . 2 3 2 0 . 4 8 1 7 0 . 9 5 2 - 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 0 1 9 0 . 1 3 6 1 0 0 . 9 9 0 L u - 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 2 6 1 0 0 . 9 8 6 - 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 5 9 1 3 0 . 9 5 4 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 3 4 1 3 0 . 9 8 7 - 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 5 3 1 3 0 . 9 6 7 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 5 1 0 0 . 9 9 7 2 4 1 T h e s e p o w d e r s ( - 6 0 t o + 1 4 0 m e s h f r a c t i o n ) w e r e t h e n c o n c e n t r a t e d i n t o l i g h t ( f e l d s p a r / g l a s s ) a n d h e a v y m i n e r a l ( f e r r o m a g n e s i a n a n d m a g n e t i t e / i l m e n i t e ) f r a c t i o n s b y b r o m o f o r m h e a v y l i q u i d s e p a r a t i o n . T h e l i g h t a n d h e a v y f r a c t i o n s w e r e t h e n m o u n t e d i n s t a n d a r d m e t a l l u r g i c a l e p o x y d i s c s a n d p o l i s h e d . W h o l e p h e n o c r y s t s w e r e h a n d p i c k e d f r o m t h e c o a r s e l y c r u s h e d p u m i c e f r a g m e n t s a n d m o u n t e d i n e p o x y d i s k s . T h i s w a s d o n e t o p r e s e r v e l a r g e s c a l e z o n a t i o n f e a t u r e s i n t h e f e l d s p a r a n d f e r r o m a g n e s i a n m i n e r a l s f o r p o t e n t i a l a n a l y s i s . T h i n s e c t i o n s o f e a c h s a m p l e w e r e a l s o u s e d f o r p h e n o c r y s t a n d g l a s s m a t r i x c o m p o s i t i o n a n a l y s e s . T h e s m a l l p e r c e n t a g e o f p h e n o c r y s t s p r e s e n t i n t h e t h i n s e c t i o n s p r e c l u d e d t h e s o l e u s e o f t h i n s e c t i o n s f o r c o m p o s i t i o n a l s t u d i e s . T h e e l e m e n t c o d e s a n d c o r r e s p o n d i n g b e a m p a r a m e t e r s u s e d f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t m i n e r a l t y p e s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e A 3 d . F o r e a c h m i n e r a l g r a i n , o n e t o t w o s p o t s w e r e a n a l y z e d t o c h e c k f o r h o m o g e n e i t y . M o s t g r a i n s w e r e a n a l y z e d n e a r t h e e d g e o f t h e g r a i n . F o r z o n e d g r a i n s s u c h a s t h e p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r s , o n e a n a l y s i s w a s t a k e n o n t h e r i m o f t h e g r a i n a n d a n o t h e r i n t h e c e n t e r o f t h e g r a i n . D u e t o t h e r a n d o m o r i e n t a t i o n o f t h e m i n e r a l g r a i n s , t h e g r a i n c e n t e r a n a l y s i s o n l y r e p r e s e n t s a m i n i m u m r a n g e i n c o m p o s i t i o n w h e n c o m p a r e d t o t h e r i m a n a l y s i s i f t h e m i n e r a l g r a i n w a s z o n e d . 2 4 2 T a b l e A 3 d . E l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e b e a m p a r a m e t e r s a n d a n a l y z e d o x i d e s f o r v a r i o u s p h e n o c r y s t c o m p o s i t i o n s . F e l d s p a r a n d g l a s s , I = 1 0 n A , V = 1 5 K e v , B = 1 0 0 u m 2 L L N L - F e l d s p a r a n d G l a s s 8 1 0 2 , T i 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F e O , M n O , M g O , C a O , N a 2 0 , K 2 0 , P 2 0 5 , B 3 0 U M - F e l d s p a r 5 1 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F 8 2 0 3 , C 3 0 , N 3 2 0 , K 2 0 , 8 3 0 U M - G l a s s 5 1 0 2 , T 1 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F 6 2 0 3 , M n O , M 9 0 , C 3 0 , N 3 2 0 , K 2 0 , P 2 0 5 , F , C ] . F e r r o m a g n e s i a n m i n e r a l s , I = 1 5 n A , V = 1 5 K e v , B = p o i n t L L N L 5 1 0 2 , T 1 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F 8 0 , M n O , M 9 0 , C 3 0 , N 3 2 0 , K 2 0 , N i O , B a O U M € 1 0 2 , T 1 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F e 2 0 3 , M n O , M g O , C a O , N a 2 0 , K 2 0 , B a O M e g n e t i t e / I l m e n i t e , I = 1 5 n A , V = 1 5 K e v , B = p o i n t L L N L T 1 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F 8 0 , M n O , M 9 0 , C r 2 0 3 U M g 1 0 2 , T 1 0 2 , A 1 2 0 3 , F 6 2 0 3 , M n O , M 9 0 , C 3 0 , C I 2 0 3 ( I = m o r e c u r r e n t , V = v o l t a g e , B = b e a m s i z e ) F o r m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s , g r a i n s w i t h t h a n o n e a n a l y s i s w e r e a v e r a g e d . F o r e a c h s a m p l e , g r a i n a v e r a g e s w i t h s i m i l a r c o m p o s i t i o n s w e r e t h e n a v e r a g e d t o g e t h e r . I f t h e m i n e r a l g r a i n a v e r a g e s w e r e v a r i a b l e i n c o m p o s i t i o n , t h e n s e v e r a l g r a i n a v e r a g e s f o r e a c h s a m p l e w e r e c o m p u t e d . 2 4 3 O x i d e a n d s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s t a n d a r d s w e r e r u n p e r i o d i c a l l y f o r s y s t e m c a l i b r a t i o n . T h e B e n c e - A l b e e c o r r e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e w a s a p p l i e d t o a l l q u a n t i t a t i v e a n a l y s e s ( B e n c e a n d A l b e e , 1 9 6 8 ) . A n a l y z e d s t a n d a r d s , t h e i r p u b l i s h e d v a l u e s , a n d e l e m e n t a l d e t e c t i o n l i m i t s a r e l i s t e d i n T a b l e A 3 e . Z A F c o r r e c t i o n s w e r e m a d e t o a l l r a w d a t a r e s u l t i n g f r o m a n a l y s i s o f p h e n o c r y s t s a t U M . M a g n e t i t e / I l m e n i t e A n a l y s e s A t o t a l o f 3 1 s a m p l e s w e r e a n a l y z e d f o r F e - T i o x i d e g e o t h e r m o m e t r y f r o m t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . F r o m t h e s e s a m p l e s , t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f o r 1 4 s a m p l e s o f t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d 1 3 s a m p l e s o f t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . T h e r e m a i n i n g 4 s a m p l e s , a l l f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r , w e r e d e v o i d o f i l m e n i t e . O f t h e 2 7 s a m p l e s u s e d f o r g e o t h e r m o m e t r y , 9 s a m p l e s f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r a n d 7 s a m p l e s f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r c o n t a i n e d e x s o l v e d m a g n e t i t e g r a i n s , a n d t w o s a m p l e s f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r c o n t a i n e d e x s o l v e d i l m e n i t e ( T a b l e 5 ) . A s n o t e d b y S c h u r a y t z ( 1 9 8 8 ) f o r t h e T o p o p a h S p r i n g M e m b e r o f t h e P a i n t b r u s h T u f f , m a n y o f t h e p u m i c e s a m p l e s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f c o n t a i n e d b o t h e x s o l v e d a n d u n e x s o l v e d m a g n e t i t e g r a i n s . I f p o s t - d e p o s i t i o n a l o x i d a t i o n o r r e d u c t i o n w a s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r e x s o l u t i o n , t h e n a l l t h e g r a i n s w i t h i n a s a m p l e s h o u l d h a v e b e e n 2 4 4 T a b l e A 3 e . E l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s o f m i n e r a l s t a n d a r d s . A . F e l d s p a r , f e r r o m a g n e s i u m . s i l i c a t e s a n d g g l a s s a n a l y s e s E l e m e n t M i n e r a l S t a n d a r d C o u n t i n g T i m e ( s e c o n d s ) S i 0 2 O r t h o c l a s e , D i o p s i d e ( 5 ) A 1 2 0 3 O r t h o c l a s e ( 2 0 ) T i 0 2 S p e s s a r t i n e g a r n e t ( 2 0 ) F e O D i o p s i d e ( 2 0 ) M 9 0 D i o p s i d e ( 2 0 ) C a O D i o p s i d e ( 1 0 ) N a 2 0 O r t h o c l a s e ( 1 0 ) K 2 0 O r t h o c l a s e ( 2 0 ) M n O S p e s s a r t i n e g a r n e t , D i o p s i d e ( 2 0 ) P 2 0 5 N o n e ( 2 0 ) B a O O r t h o c l a s e ( 2 0 ) D i o p s i d e R e p o r t e d M e a n o f S t d . D e v . S t d . E r r o r C o n c e n t r a t i o n s A n a l y s e s o f M e a n o f M e a n ( n = 1 8 ) S i o z 5 4 . 9 8 5 4 . 9 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 1 5 F e O 1 . 8 7 1 . 9 8 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 4 M 9 0 1 7 . 0 9 1 7 . 1 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 6 C a O 2 5 . 6 6 2 4 . 9 9 0 . 8 3 0 . 2 0 M n O 0 . 2 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 O r t h o c l a s e R e p o r t e d M e a n o f S t d . D e v . S t d . E r r o r C o n c e n t r a t i o n s A n a l y s e s o f M e a n o f M e a n ( n = 1 8 ) S i O Z 6 4 . 6 5 6 4 . 1 0 0 . 8 4 0 . 2 0 A 1 2 0 3 1 7 . 0 4 1 6 . 7 8 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 4 N a 2 0 0 . 9 4 ' 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 2 K 2 0 1 5 . 4 0 1 5 . 3 0 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 9 B a O 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 S p e s s a r t i n e G a r n e t R e p o r t e d M e a n o f S t d . D e v . S t d . E r r o r C o n c e n t r a t i o n s A n a l y s e s o f M e a n o f M e a n ( n = 1 0 ) T i 0 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 9 M n O 4 0 . 3 1 3 8 . 9 7 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 2 2 4 5 T a b l e A 3 e . C o n t i n u e d . B . M a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e a n a l y s e s E l e m e n t M i n e r a l S t a n d a r d C o u n t i n g T i m e ( s e c o n d s ) A 1 2 0 3 O r t h o c l a s e , D i o p s i d e ( 5 ) F e O D i o p s i d e , O r t h o c l a s e ( 2 0 ) M 9 0 D i o p s i d e ( 2 0 ) M n O S p e s s a r t i n e G a r n e t ( 1 0 ) T i 0 2 S p e s s a r t i n e G a r n e t ( 2 0 ) C r 2 0 3 N o n e ( 2 0 ) D i o p s i d e R e p o r t e d M e a n o f S t d . D e v . S t d . E r r o r C o n c e n t r a t i o n s A n a l y s e s o f M e a n o f M e a n ( n = 1 0 ) A 1 2 0 3 0 . 1 6 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 F e O 1 . 8 7 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 3 M g O 1 7 . 0 9 1 6 . 7 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 8 O r t h o c l a s e R e p o r t e d M e a n o f S t d . D e v . S t d . E r r o r C o n c e n t r a t i o n s A n a l y s e s o f M e a n o f M e a n ( n = 1 0 ) A 1 2 0 3 1 7 . 0 4 1 6 . 9 8 0 . 5 6 0 . 1 8 F e O 1 . 8 7 1 . 6 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 4 S p e s s a r t i n e G a r n e t R e p o r t e d M e a n o f S t d . D e v . S t d . E r r o r C o n c e n t r a t i o n s A n a l y s e s o f M e a n o f M e a n ( n = 1 0 ) M n O 4 0 . 3 1 3 8 . 9 7 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 2 T i 0 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 9 2 4 6 s i m i l a r l y a f f e c t e d . T h u s , e x s o l u t i o n o f t h e m a g n e t i t e g r a i n s i n t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f a p p e a r s t o b e a p r i m a r y m a g m a t i c p h e n o m e n a a s m a n y g r a i n s a r e u n a l t e r e d . T h e M g / M n p a r t i t i o n i n g t e s t f o r t e s t i n g o f e q u i l i b r i u m b e t w e e n c o e x i s t i n g F e - T i o x i d e p h e n o c r y s t s d e v e l o p e d b y B a c o n a n d H i r s c h m a n n ( 1 9 8 8 ) w a s e m p l o y e d i n t h i s s t u d y ( F i g s . A 3 - 1 , A 3 - 2 ) . G r a i n s t h a t d i d n o t p l o t w i t h i n t h e 2 0 s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n l i n e s w e r e n o t u s e d f o r t e m p e r a t u r e c a l c u l a t i o n s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , o n l y c h e m i c a l l y h o m o g e n e o u s g r a i n s w e r e u s e d f o r t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y c a l c u l a t i o n s . A n a l y t i c a l t o t a l s f o r t h e m a g n e t i t e g r a i n s t y p i c a l l y a v e r a g e d 9 6 w t % t o 9 7 w t % . D u e t o t h e u b i q u i t o u s o c c u r r e n c e o f e x s o l v e d g r a i n s , a t l e a s t t w o 2 r a s t e r e d a n a l y s e s p e r g r a i n w e r e c o l l e c t e d w i t h a 1 0 0 u m b e a m . T h e s e a n a l y s e s w e r e t h e n a v e r a g e d t o t r y t o a p p r o x i m a t e t h e o r i g i n a l u n e x s o l v e d c o m p o s i t i o n . A n a l y s e s o f m a g n e t i t e s p e r f o r m e d i n t h i s f a s h i o n g a v e n o t i c e a b l y l o w a n a l y t i c a l t o t a l s r a n g i n g f r o m 9 1 w t % t o 9 5 w t % ( A p p e n d i x 4 ) . I l m e n i t e a n a l y s e s c o n s i s t e n t l y r a n g e d f r o m 9 6 w t % t o 9 9 w t % . W i t h i n a p a r t i c u l a r s a m p l e , F e O , T i 0 2 , a n d M n O c o n c e n t r a t i o n s v a r y b y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 % f o r e x s o l v e d m a g n e t i t e v e r s u s h o m o g e n e o u s m a g n e t i t e ( A p p e n d i x 4 ) . I n l i g h t o f t h e p r e s e n c e o f e x s o l v e d p h e n o c r y s t s , a l l t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y d a t a f o r t h i s s t u d y s h o u l d b e u s e d w i t h c a u t i o n . 2 4 7 R A I N I E R M E S A M E M B E R 1 . 4 r r I r l i ' E ' L o - ~ I E ‘ \ ~ § ? 0 6 » - - 0 1 0 . 2 r - - c : H a : " 0 . 2 L 0 _ 4 4 " I 2 0 2 0 4 . : _ + r — - _ m 0 E C : U 7 m - 1 . 0 - - I E _ 1 . 4 J 1 l 1 I l - 1 . 4 — 1 . 0 - 0 . 6 - o . 2 0 . 2 0 . 6 1 . 0 1 . 4 I l m e n i t e l o g ( M g / M n ) F i g u r e A 3 - 1 . M g / M n p a r t i t i o n i n g f o r m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r . T 2 4 8 A M M O N I A T A N K S M E M B E R 1 . 4 I I I I I I ' E ' L o - - I E ‘ \ ~ § ? 0 6 - - M a g n e t i t e l o g I _ 1 . 4 l l l l L l - 1 . 4 - 1 . 0 - 0 . 5 - 0 . 2 0 . 2 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 4 I l m e n i t e l o g ( M g / M n ) F i g u r e A 3 - 2 . M g / M n p a r t i t i o n i n g f o r m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s i n t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r . 2 4 9 A p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 - 1 5 g r a i n s o f m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e w e r e m e a s u r e d p e r s a m p l e . A f t e r a v e r a g i n g i n d i v i d u a l g r a i n a n a l y s e s , t h e r e s u l t i n g a n a l y s i s f o r e a c h g r a i n w a s c o m p a r e d w i t h o t h e r g r a i n s i n t h a t s a m p l e . G r a i n s o f s i m i l a r c o m p o s i t i o n w e r e t h e n c o m b i n e d a n d a v e r a g e d . I n t h i s f a s h i o n , o n e t o s e v e r a l m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e c o m p o s i t i o n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f o r e a c h s a m p l e . M a g n e t i t e g r a i n s w i t h a n a l y t i c a l t o t a l s l e s s t h a n 9 0 . 0 w t % w e r e n o t u s e d . U s p a n d I l m m o l e f r a c t i o n s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e m e t h o d s o f L i n d s l e y a n d S p e n c e r ( 1 9 8 2 ) a n d S t o r m e r ( 1 9 8 3 ) . I f a t a l l p o s s i b l e , m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t p a i r s w i t h c o m m o n g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s w e r e a n a l y z e d a s t h e s e p h e n o c r y s t p a i r s p r o v i d e t h e m o s t r e l i a b l e d a t a . I t i s i n f e r r e d t h a t t h e s e p h a s e s c r y s t a l l i z e d c o e v a l l y w i t h i n t h e m a g m a b o d y . I f m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t s w i t h c o m m o n g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s w e r e n o t f o u n d w i t h i n a s a m p l e , a l l p o s s i b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s o f t h e U s p - I l m m o l e f r a c t i o n s f o r a g i v e n s a m p l e w e r e u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t y . A l l t e m p e r a t u r e s a n d o x y g e n f u g a c i t i e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d w i t h t h e B a s i c p r o g r a m N E W S T F O Z ( A n d e r s o n a n d L i n d s l e y , 1 9 8 5 ) . A P P E N D I X 4 E l e c t r o n M i c r o p r o b e D a t a f o r P h e n o c r y s t s o f t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f 2 5 0 E x p l a n a t i o n o f T a b l e S y m b o l s f o r A p p e n d i x 4 R 8 - 4 4 S a m p l e f r o m t h e R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e f r o m t h e A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n n u m b e r 4 = S a m p l e n u m b e r R A . 3 4 W h o l e A n u n c r u s h e d p h e n o c r y s t w a s h a n d p i c k e d f r o m t h e G r a i n p u m i c e s a m p l e a n d m o u n t e d i n s t a n d a r d m e t a l l u r g i c a l e p o x y m o u n t w i t h s e v e r a l o t h e r h a n d — p i c k e d p h e n o c r y s t s . T h i n P h e n o c r y s t a n a l y s e s f r o m a p o l i s h e d t h i n s e c t i o n S e c t i o n G r a i n P h e n o c r y s t s s e p a r a t e d i n h e a v y l i q u i d s a f t e r M b u n t c r u s h i n g o f t h e h o s t p u m i c e f r a g m e n t . T h e p h e n o c r y s t s w e r e t h e n m o u n t e d i n a s t a n d a r d m e t a l l u r g i c a l e p o x y m o u n t . P o s i t i o n A n a l y s i s o f t h e p h e n o c r y s t e d g e N e a r e d g e a n a l y s i s N e a r c e n t e r a n a l y s i s G r a i n c e n t e r a n a l y s i s P o s s i b l e d i s e q u i l i b r i u m p h e n o c r y s t . M a y h a v e e x h i b i t e d r e s o r b t i o n t e x t u r e . A n a l y s e s o f a m a g n e t i t e a n d i l m e n i t e p h e n o c r y s t p a i r . T h e g r a i n s w e r e a t t a c h e d a l o n g a c o m m o n g r a i n b o u n d a r y a n d w e r e a s s u m e d t o b e i n e q u i l i b r i u m w i t h e a c h o t h e r . E N E N C C p 1 A p p e n d i x 4 . M i n e r a l a n d g l a s s c o m p o s i t i o n s d e t e r m i n e d b y e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s i s f o r t h e T i m b e r M o u n t a i n T u f f . G L A S S A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a n l p l e I d 8 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 n o 3 4 9 0 C a O 1 4 5 2 0 1 : 2 0 1 1 o z M n O 9 2 0 5 3 . 0 T o t a l R 8 - 2 5 7 0 . 0 1 1 5 . 1 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 4 5 3 . 7 6 5 . 8 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 9 5 . 9 6 6 7 . 5 0 1 4 . 5 0 0 . 6 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 6 2 3 . 3 8 6 . 3 3 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 3 . 6 0 6 7 . 6 0 1 4 . 5 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 0 0 . 6 3 3 . 8 0 5 . 7 9 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 9 9 3 . 1 5 6 8 . 2 6 1 4 . 1 1 2 . 2 6 0 . 2 5 0 . 9 7 4 . 0 1 5 . 6 4 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 9 6 . 0 9 6 9 . 3 7 1 4 . 5 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 2 1 0 . 8 5 3 . 8 9 5 . 8 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 9 5 . 7 8 6 7 . 9 4 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 8 7 0 . 1 9 0 . 7 5 4 . 0 8 6 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 2 9 5 . 0 4 6 4 . 7 6 1 3 . 9 5 3 . 3 9 0 . 8 3 1 . 6 1 4 . 3 3 5 . 6 1 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 7 9 5 . 0 8 6 9 . 8 0 1 5 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 4 5 3 . 9 7 6 . 0 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 0 2 R 8 - 4 4 6 9 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 3 1 . 6 2 6 . 4 0 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 3 1 7 1 . 0 7 1 3 . 5 9 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 9 2 . 7 8 6 . 0 6 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 5 8 7 1 . 7 8 1 3 . 9 5 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 5 3 . 2 1 5 . 6 1 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 1 0 7 2 . 0 1 1 4 . 7 7 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 6 0 . 5 7 2 . 5 9 6 . 3 8 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 4 9 7 . 1 9 7 2 . 3 0 1 4 . 2 8 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 4 6 2 . 9 9 6 . 0 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 7 5 6 8 . 9 9 1 3 . 1 8 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 4 5 3 . 2 4 6 . 5 9 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 0 3 6 8 . 3 3 1 3 . 1 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 0 2 . 2 2 6 . 4 7 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 2 1 6 6 . 1 6 1 3 . 8 5 0 . 4 3 0 . 2 0 0 . 6 1 2 . 8 2 5 . 5 0 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 8 9 . 9 9 6 9 . 2 0 1 4 . 8 3 0 . 2 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 5 1 3 . 3 3 5 . 6 4 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 2 8 6 6 . 5 5 1 3 . 8 9 0 . 4 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 5 6 2 . 6 8 5 . 8 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 4 9 R 8 - 4 5 6 8 . 7 1 1 5 . 2 1 1 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 6 7 3 . 2 8 5 . 8 7 0 . 2 5 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 6 . 0 1 6 5 . 9 5 1 4 . 5 4 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 7 0 2 . 9 2 6 . 2 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 1 . 2 0 6 7 . 9 4 1 4 . 7 1 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 6 8 3 . 7 3 5 . 6 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 9 4 . 4 4 6 8 . 9 9 1 5 . 0 2 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 5 9 3 . 6 1 5 . 8 9 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 5 . 5 5 6 8 . 6 8 1 4 . 8 7 1 . 2 4 0 . 1 6 0 . 7 9 3 . 8 5 5 . 9 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 9 5 . 8 9 6 6 . 9 2 1 4 . 9 8 1 . 2 0 0 . 1 3 0 . 7 8 3 . 8 6 5 . 7 4 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 3 . 9 5 6 6 . 8 4 1 4 . 5 6 1 . 3 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 6 1 3 . 3 7 6 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 9 3 . 1 2 6 6 . 6 3 1 4 . 3 4 1 . 1 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 7 2 3 . 4 2 5 . 8 5 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 9 2 . 6 5 6 8 . 4 0 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 9 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 6 3 3 . 3 2 6 . 2 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 1 9 4 . 8 1 6 8 . 0 7 1 4 . 8 7 1 . 3 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 6 3 3 . 9 6 5 . 8 9 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 9 5 . 2 1 6 8 . 8 4 1 5 . 3 2 1 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 7 4 3 . 6 9 5 . 8 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 9 5 . 9 5 6 7 . 8 6 1 5 . 1 0 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 8 9 2 . 7 9 6 . 6 4 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 9 4 . 3 0 6 7 . 9 2 1 5 . 0 2 1 . 1 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 6 8 3 . 5 0 5 . 8 5 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 9 4 . 5 6 6 8 . 8 4 1 4 . 7 8 1 . 2 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 8 5 3 . 8 4 5 . 8 3 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 9 5 . 9 0 6 8 . 5 8 1 5 . 0 8 1 . 3 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 6 9 3 . 5 9 5 . 8 7 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 5 8 2 5 1 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 5 2 G L A S S A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e I d 8 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F o o M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O 9 2 0 5 B a O T o t a l R l l - S 6 6 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 5 1 . 0 3 0 . 2 7 1 . 0 7 3 . 7 6 5 . 1 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 2 9 4 . 4 4 6 7 . 3 3 1 5 . 9 9 0 . 9 2 0 . 2 4 1 . 0 1 4 . 1 5 5 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 3 9 5 . 2 3 6 6 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 4 1 . 2 2 0 . 2 5 1 . 0 4 4 . 3 7 5 . 5 3 0 . 3 4 1 . 2 9 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 6 9 6 . 2 1 6 6 . 3 1 1 5 . 2 9 1 . 5 7 0 . 3 7 1 . 1 8 3 . 8 3 5 . 1 1 0 . 3 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 7 9 4 . 4 1 6 7 . 0 3 1 5 . 4 0 0 . 9 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 9 5 3 . 8 9 5 . 6 1 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 1 9 4 . 6 6 6 7 . 0 3 1 5 . 5 2 0 . 8 4 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 0 4 . 2 9 5 . 2 1 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 5 9 4 . 5 8 6 6 . 4 9 1 5 . 2 7 0 . 5 8 0 . 1 9 0 . 9 3 3 . 6 9 5 . 5 9 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 5 9 3 . 3 0 6 1 . 9 1 1 6 . 6 1 1 . 4 7 0 . 1 8 0 . 8 4 3 . 5 2 5 . 0 8 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 2 6 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 0 7 1 . 5 8 0 . 2 6 0 . 9 1 4 . 0 3 5 . 3 6 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 9 2 . 8 9 6 5 . 0 9 1 4 . 8 5 1 . 3 8 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 4 3 . 5 5 5 . 6 4 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 2 . 3 5 6 4 . 1 2 1 5 . 3 1 1 . 7 7 0 . 2 5 1 . 0 3 3 . 8 1 4 . 9 9 0 . 3 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 1 9 1 . 9 1 R l l - 7 7 4 . 1 3 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 6 3 . 1 0 5 . 3 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 6 2 7 2 . 9 8 1 2 . 3 4 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 8 3 . 0 0 5 . 5 4 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 9 4 . 6 5 7 3 . 8 8 1 2 . 6 2 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 7 3 . 1 4 5 . 6 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 0 9 7 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 6 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 0 3 . 1 0 5 . 4 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 5 8 7 3 . 8 4 1 2 . 6 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 2 3 . 1 1 5 . 6 1 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 9 5 . 9 9 7 4 . 2 8 1 2 . 4 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 2 3 . 1 7 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 9 3 7 4 . 1 5 1 2 . 6 2 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 7 2 . 8 1 6 . 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 4 4 7 2 . 7 1 1 2 . 5 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 7 2 . 7 2 5 . 7 6 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 7 3 7 3 . 2 0 1 2 . 6 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 5 2 . 9 8 5 . 9 9 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 9 5 . 6 0 7 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 3 3 . 0 5 5 . 4 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 7 6 7 2 . 7 5 1 2 . 2 0 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 1 2 . 6 4 5 . 9 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 2 5 7 2 . 6 4 1 2 . 6 7 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 4 4 . 1 9 5 . 5 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 7 4 7 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 6 3 . 4 4 5 . 8 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 9 5 . 9 8 7 4 . 1 7 1 2 . 8 7 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 2 . 1 2 7 . 3 9 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 9 6 . 8 8 7 3 . 7 3 1 2 . 3 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 6 2 . 3 8 6 . 8 3 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 9 6 . 0 1 6 4 . 3 8 1 6 . 2 0 2 . 5 6 1 . 5 5 0 . 9 3 3 . 2 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 2 9 3 . 0 0 6 7 . 3 0 1 4 . 5 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 1 1 . 7 0 4 . 9 2 2 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 4 1 7 4 . 2 2 1 1 . 4 4 0 . 7 9 0 . 2 5 1 . 0 3 3 . 7 2 2 . 7 4 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 8 9 4 . 9 7 7 0 . 9 4 1 6 . 0 1 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 7 2 . 7 1 5 . 8 3 1 . 1 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 9 7 . 3 0 7 0 . 9 8 1 5 . 2 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 0 1 . 8 7 5 . 2 2 2 . 4 4 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 9 6 . 3 5 7 3 . 0 7 1 2 . 5 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 3 . 0 5 6 . 2 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 9 6 . 0 5 7 4 . 1 7 1 2 . 2 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 3 3 . 0 6 5 . 4 3 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 ~ 9 5 . 4 7 7 5 . 0 2 1 1 . 9 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 9 3 . 0 5 5 . 6 4 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 2 9 7 2 . 9 7 1 1 . 2 6 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 0 2 . 8 7 5 . 7 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 3 . 3 7 7 2 . 7 0 1 1 . 4 0 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 7 3 . 0 8 5 . 7 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 3 . 4 3 2 5 3 A p p e n d i x 4 . 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I d 3 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 ' 0 0 I 4 9 0 C a O " 3 2 0 K 2 0 2 1 0 2 M n O P 2 0 5 3 & 0 E O E “ R 2 3 - 2 6 6 9 . 6 3 1 5 . 3 7 1 . 2 0 0 . 2 1 0 . 7 2 3 . 8 4 6 . 0 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 9 7 . 4 7 6 7 . 4 6 1 5 . 7 7 1 . 2 4 0 . 2 2 1 . 3 9 4 . 2 3 5 . 3 8 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 6 9 6 . 1 3 6 7 . 6 2 1 5 . 1 5 1 . 2 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 6 4 3 . 5 4 6 . 0 6 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 6 9 4 . 9 1 6 8 . 9 6 1 5 . 1 5 1 . 1 9 0 . 2 4 0 . 8 5 3 . 8 9 6 . 1 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 1 9 6 . 9 8 6 4 . 9 0 1 4 . 4 3 1 . 1 3 0 . 3 1 0 . 9 4 3 . 2 9 5 . 6 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 8 9 1 . 0 0 6 8 . 2 3 1 4 . 9 0 1 . 2 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 8 7 4 . 0 8 6 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 5 9 6 . 0 3 6 8 . 9 0 1 5 . 2 6 1 . 1 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 8 1 4 . 0 8 6 . 0 9 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 7 . 0 7 6 8 . 0 8 1 5 . 5 7 1 . 2 4 0 . 2 0 0 . 8 3 4 . 0 3 5 . 9 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 9 6 . 3 1 6 8 . 8 0 1 5 . 2 4 1 . 2 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 8 5 4 . 0 2 6 . 1 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 0 9 6 . 8 9 6 7 . 1 0 1 5 . 1 4 1 . 1 4 0 . 1 6 0 . 8 1 3 . 7 2 6 . 1 3 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 4 9 4 . 7 1 6 7 . 5 8 1 5 . 0 8 0 . 6 9 0 . 1 5 0 . 6 8 3 . 8 4 6 . 3 4 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 9 4 . 7 5 6 8 . 5 2 1 5 . 1 0 1 . 2 9 0 . 1 8 0 . 8 8 3 . 6 6 6 . 0 6 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 9 6 . 0 0 3 2 3 - 2 7 6 7 . 4 0 1 5 . 6 5 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 7 8 3 . 7 8 4 . 9 6 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 1 9 9 5 . 1 1 6 6 . 9 3 1 5 . 4 4 0 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 1 . 5 1 4 . 1 6 4 . 8 4 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 9 4 . 4 9 6 6 . 1 4 1 6 . 0 0 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 1 . 5 5 4 . 4 1 4 . 6 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 1 9 4 . 9 7 6 9 . 1 6 1 6 . 3 4 0 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 1 4 . 5 8 5 . 1 5 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 4 9 7 . 9 0 6 4 . 5 2 1 5 . 1 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 8 3 . 7 1 4 . 8 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 7 9 6 7 . 7 2 1 5 . 7 9 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 9 1 4 . 2 9 5 . 3 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 1 9 5 . 6 8 6 7 . 1 1 1 5 . 7 4 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 3 3 . 9 2 5 . 2 7 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 6 9 4 . 6 9 6 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 4 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 8 3 . 7 1 5 . 4 6 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 3 9 2 . 5 6 6 4 . 2 6 1 5 . 0 9 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 3 3 . 4 3 5 . 1 6 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 3 8 6 9 . 2 7 1 6 . 6 3 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 3 4 . 0 4 5 . 6 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 6 9 7 . 8 9 6 7 . 5 5 1 5 . 8 0 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 5 9 4 . 1 5 5 . 2 3 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 7 9 6 . 1 7 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 5 6 5 G L A S S A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e I d 3 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 F e O M g O C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 2 1 0 2 u s e 2 2 0 5 3 . 0 T o t a l a 4 - 7 o 7 6 . 7 3 1 3 . 6 4 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 4 2 . 0 9 3 . 8 2 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 9 8 7 5 . 2 2 1 3 . 3 6 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 6 0 . 2 6 2 . 5 0 3 . 9 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 5 1 7 5 . 8 3 1 3 . 4 0 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 7 0 . 3 1 2 . 5 4 4 . 0 4 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 5 3 7 5 . 9 8 1 3 . 4 3 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 1 2 . 5 1 4 . 1 9 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 3 1 7 5 . 3 8 1 3 . 3 2 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 4 2 . 0 8 4 . 4 3 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 5 3 3 5 - 3 7 2 9 7 1 2 . 3 2 0 . 7 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 3 9 3 . 8 5 5 . 3 4 0 . 1 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 3 9 6 . 1 8 7 3 . 5 8 1 1 . 9 9 0 . 6 8 0 . 1 6 0 . 4 3 3 . 0 4 5 . 3 6 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 4 4 7 1 . 7 7 1 1 . 8 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 1 2 . 8 9 5 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 8 2 7 1 . 0 8 1 2 . 1 8 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 7 3 . 1 4 5 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 9 2 . 8 3 6 9 . 4 7 1 1 . 4 1 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 3 2 . 8 4 5 . 2 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 4 a s - e 7 3 . 5 7 1 3 . 3 4 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 7 2 . 5 2 5 . 9 3 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 9 5 7 2 . 8 9 1 3 . 1 9 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 2 3 . 2 4 5 . 6 6 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 3 6 7 2 . 5 1 1 3 . 3 4 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 3 3 . 4 8 5 . 5 1 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 3 1 7 3 . 3 4 1 3 . 3 5 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 4 3 . 4 5 5 . 7 1 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 2 0 7 1 . 9 0 1 3 . 4 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 5 2 . 8 2 5 . 7 0 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 9 3 1 5 - 2 9 7 5 . 6 2 1 1 . 6 8 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 2 3 . 0 0 4 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 7 0 7 5 . 0 5 1 1 . 9 4 0 . 4 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 7 3 . 1 5 4 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 2 9 7 5 . 0 3 1 1 . 8 4 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 7 3 . 2 0 5 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 6 2 7 5 . 3 4 1 2 . 0 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 3 3 . 1 7 5 . 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 5 4 7 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 1 9 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 6 2 . 7 0 5 . 0 5 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 8 2 a s - a o 6 8 . 0 3 1 6 . 0 5 0 . 9 8 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 4 4 . 6 3 0 . 1 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 7 7 6 7 . 4 7 1 5 . 6 6 1 . 9 5 0 . 1 7 0 . 8 2 4 . 5 4 6 . 0 7 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 6 9 6 7 . 1 0 1 5 . 7 8 1 . 8 2 0 . 2 0 0 . 8 8 4 . 6 7 5 . 7 8 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 0 8 6 6 . 6 8 1 5 . 7 9 2 . 0 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 7 3 4 . 6 1 5 . 9 6 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 8 1 6 7 . 1 6 1 5 . 8 6 1 . 8 3 0 . 2 7 0 . 8 9 4 . 5 9 5 . 8 4 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 5 7 6 7 . 8 5 1 5 . 8 2 1 . 7 6 0 . 1 9 0 . 8 7 4 . 6 1 5 . 7 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 6 3 a 5 - 3 1 6 2 . 4 6 2 0 . 9 9 0 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 3 6 . 4 6 4 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 0 6 4 . 3 0 1 9 . 6 5 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 2 . 0 9 6 . 8 8 3 . 5 6 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 6 4 6 5 . 7 0 1 9 . 8 9 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 3 2 . 7 0 6 . 9 9 3 . 3 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 9 6 6 3 . 5 7 2 2 . 2 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 7 . 9 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 6 6 6 4 . 5 6 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 1 . 7 2 5 . 8 0 6 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 6 4 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 5 7 ' G L A S S A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s m e m b e r S a m p l e I d 8 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 t o o “ 9 0 e g o N a 2 0 : 2 0 2 1 0 2 u n o 9 2 0 5 3 . 0 T o t a l 1 5 - 3 5 7 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 9 0 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 8 3 . 1 8 5 . 8 0 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 9 5 . 9 8 7 1 . 6 2 1 2 . 4 9 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 3 . 1 4 5 . 9 2 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 1 2 7 1 . 4 7 1 2 . 9 3 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 5 3 . 4 8 5 . 8 3 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 2 7 2 . 5 8 1 3 . 0 3 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 3 . 5 3 5 . 8 0 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 1 1 1 5 - 3 7 7 1 . 7 7 1 1 . 8 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 1 2 . 8 9 5 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 8 1 7 1 . 0 8 1 2 . 1 8 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 7 3 . 1 4 5 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 9 2 . 8 4 6 9 . 4 7 1 1 . 4 1 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 3 2 . 8 4 5 . 2 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 5 A 5 - 5 6 7 5 . 4 9 1 1 . 8 8 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 4 2 . 7 5 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 7 6 7 5 . 3 3 1 2 . 0 3 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 3 2 . 4 8 5 . 2 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 0 7 7 3 . 7 4 1 1 . 8 3 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 0 2 . 8 2 5 . 3 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 7 1 7 6 . 0 7 1 1 . 9 6 0 . 6 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 9 2 . 9 5 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 2 0 A S - S B 6 5 . 1 9 1 9 . 9 8 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 0 8 . 3 5 4 . 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 0 8 6 3 . 5 1 2 1 . 3 6 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 9 7 . 8 9 4 . 1 6 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 3 1 6 3 . 0 8 2 1 . 1 6 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 2 2 . 6 8 8 . 3 3 2 . 1 2 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 6 3 9 9 . 1 3 6 8 . 8 4 1 4 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 5 3 3 . 5 1 6 . 6 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 9 4 . 7 9 1 5 - 6 3 6 2 . 8 0 1 6 . 9 5 2 . 1 7 0 . 6 6 1 . 6 3 4 . 4 9 5 . 7 1 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 3 8 9 5 . 5 5 6 2 . 5 6 1 6 . 6 8 2 . 2 6 0 . 5 9 1 . 5 6 4 . 6 9 5 . 8 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 1 0 . 3 6 9 5 . 2 4 6 4 . 0 7 1 6 . 5 4 3 . 3 2 0 . 6 4 1 . 6 5 4 . 9 0 5 . 7 0 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 8 0 . 4 0 9 7 . 9 0 6 3 . 0 3 1 6 . 6 7 2 . 2 7 0 . 5 7 1 . 4 2 4 . 7 3 5 . 6 9 0 . 5 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 9 5 . 4 3 6 3 . 0 7 1 6 . 6 9 2 . 2 9 0 . 5 9 1 . 4 8 4 . 6 9 5 . 9 5 0 . 5 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 3 6 9 5 . 9 0 1 5 - 6 8 7 5 . 0 4 1 2 . 1 0 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 6 2 . 9 0 5 . 5 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 8 6 7 5 . 4 1 1 2 . 0 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 0 2 . 9 2 5 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 8 2 7 4 . 7 6 1 1 . 9 7 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 4 2 . 8 5 5 . 0 4 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 0 3 7 5 . 7 1 1 2 . 2 0 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 2 3 . 1 0 5 . 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 0 0 7 6 . 3 1 1 2 . 2 4 0 . 4 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 0 2 . 9 6 5 . 5 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 1 4 A p p e n d i x 4 . 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A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r m e s a m e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n T y p o # P e a . 3 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 3 . 0 M a c C a O N a 2 0 : 2 0 1 1 0 2 u n o 3 2 0 5 3 . 0 T o t a l R 8 - 4 5 W h o l e 1 8 E 6 2 . 6 9 1 9 . 5 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 1 3 . 9 6 9 . 7 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 5 6 9 8 . 2 0 G r a i n 1 8 c 6 2 . 9 0 1 9 . 7 3 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 9 4 . 1 9 9 . 6 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 7 9 8 . 7 8 1 9 E 5 7 . 3 9 2 5 . 4 9 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 1 8 7 . 1 4 1 . 1 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 9 7 . 9 0 1 9 N E 5 5 . 5 2 2 7 . 3 1 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 8 . 1 7 6 . 5 1 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 9 8 . 7 3 1 9 N C 5 7 . 0 0 2 6 . 0 9 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 3 7 . 1 0 7 . 2 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 9 8 . 9 1 1 9 c 5 7 . 9 1 2 7 . 2 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 6 . 8 1 6 . 9 9 0 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 5 1 0 0 . 3 9 2 0 E 6 2 . 3 5 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 4 4 . 3 0 9 . 5 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 6 9 8 . 7 4 2 0 c 6 2 . 5 7 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 6 4 . 3 2 9 . 5 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 5 9 9 . 0 7 2 1 E 6 0 . 2 2 2 4 . 4 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 5 . 1 5 7 . 7 7 1 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 9 9 . 4 7 2 1 N E 5 4 . 8 6 2 7 . 9 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 . 6 5 6 . 0 0 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 9 8 . 4 1 2 1 c 5 8 . 4 3 2 5 . 7 8 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 6 . 3 2 7 . 2 1 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 9 9 . 4 0 2 2 E 6 3 . 0 0 1 9 . 9 3 1 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 9 4 . 3 4 9 . 7 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 2 1 0 0 . 5 7 2 2 c 6 2 . 3 8 2 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 7 4 . 3 2 9 . 3 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 0 9 9 . 0 6 2 3 2 + 6 0 . 4 7 2 4 . 5 5 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 5 . 5 0 7 . 5 1 1 . 5 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 9 9 . 9 2 2 3 0 + 5 9 . 2 2 2 4 . 9 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 2 5 . 8 4 7 . 3 1 1 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 9 8 . 9 7 2 4 E 6 0 . 2 9 2 4 . 5 1 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 5 . 2 6 7 . 7 1 1 . 4 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 9 9 . 7 0 2 4 c 6 0 . 1 5 2 4 . 2 5 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 5 . 3 4 8 . 0 1 1 . 4 8 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 9 9 . 7 1 2 5 E 6 1 . 8 2 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 9 5 . 8 2 9 . 3 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 2 5 1 0 0 . 5 4 T h i n 2 6 B 5 9 . 3 2 2 5 . 4 7 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 5 . 9 4 7 . 4 8 1 . 2 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 5 1 0 0 . 0 6 S e c t i o n 2 6 N E 5 8 . 6 4 2 4 . 7 6 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 6 . 3 1 7 . 5 1 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 4 9 8 . 9 3 2 6 C 6 0 . 3 6 2 5 . 3 6 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 5 . 5 8 7 . 7 0 1 . 3 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 1 0 0 . 9 2 2 7 E 6 4 . 2 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 0 4 . 2 2 9 . 8 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 9 1 0 0 . 4 0 2 7 c 6 4 . 8 3 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 1 4 . 5 2 9 . 6 6 0 . 1 0 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 5 1 0 2 . 6 5 2 8 E 6 1 . 0 8 2 3 . 7 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 5 . 1 7 8 . 0 2 1 . 4 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 7 1 0 0 . 0 6 2 8 c 5 8 . 2 3 2 5 . 1 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 2 7 . 0 2 7 . 2 8 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 8 9 8 . 9 3 2 9 E 6 1 . 4 9 2 4 . 8 0 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 2 5 . 3 7 8 . 1 8 1 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 6 1 0 1 . 9 1 2 9 C 6 0 . 9 7 2 4 . 9 8 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 1 5 . 5 9 7 . 5 1 1 . 2 8 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 1 0 0 . 9 2 3 0 E 6 0 . 5 8 2 4 . 8 2 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 2 5 . 2 4 7 . 8 9 1 . 3 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 0 . 4 3 3 0 c 6 1 . 1 5 2 5 . 1 3 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 3 5 . 6 8 7 . 8 7 1 . 3 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 5 1 0 1 . 9 4 3 1 E 6 2 . 8 2 2 0 . 0 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 7 9 4 . 1 7 9 . 2 8 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 1 1 9 9 . 6 6 3 1 C 6 4 . 2 3 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 5 4 . 2 4 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 1 . 2 9 1 0 0 . 9 1 3 2 E 6 2 . 8 9 2 3 . 7 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 5 4 . 1 8 7 . 9 4 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 3 1 0 1 . 4 0 3 2 c 6 0 . 4 7 2 4 . 6 8 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 5 . 2 6 7 . 9 3 1 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 0 . 0 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . 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A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n t y p o l ’ P e a . 3 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 t o o u g o e g o v . 2 0 x 2 0 T 1 0 2 u n o 3 2 0 5 a g o T o t a l R l l - S G r a i n 1 5 8 . 5 6 2 5 . 1 0 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 3 6 . 2 9 7 . 5 3 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 0 9 8 . 9 7 M o u n t 2 E + 5 6 . 9 6 2 6 . 5 8 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 8 . 0 0 6 . 7 8 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 6 2 3 + 5 6 . 7 5 2 5 . 9 3 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 3 6 . 6 8 7 . 0 1 1 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 2 9 8 . 2 0 4 5 + 5 2 . 0 5 2 9 . 3 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 7 9 4 . 8 5 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 7 . 9 2 5 E 5 6 . 5 3 2 6 . 6 6 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 3 7 6 . 9 0 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 9 9 8 . 8 0 6 5 7 . 0 2 2 6 . 2 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 1 6 . 7 7 7 . 1 1 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 9 8 . 3 4 7 E + 5 5 . 8 1 2 6 . 9 6 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 2 8 . 1 6 6 . 4 6 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 8 9 8 . 6 5 8 5 6 . 3 6 2 5 . 5 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 4 6 . 5 3 7 . 3 7 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 9 7 . 2 7 9 6 2 . 2 6 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 2 4 . 1 3 9 . 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 6 9 8 . 3 9 1 0 6 0 . 9 6 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 6 4 . 1 5 8 . 7 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 0 2 . 7 7 9 8 . 4 1 1 1 5 4 . 5 0 2 8 . 8 2 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 4 7 5 . 3 3 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 1 0 0 . 2 5 1 2 5 3 . 2 6 2 9 . 0 3 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 2 6 5 . 2 4 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 7 9 8 . 8 1 T h i n 1 8 + 5 8 . 1 2 2 7 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 7 . 3 4 7 . 0 4 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 0 0 . 4 7 S e c t i o n l N E + 5 6 . 9 3 2 6 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 7 4 6 . 9 3 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 4 7 1 c + 5 7 . 8 4 2 6 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 7 . 3 5 7 . 0 0 0 . 7 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 9 9 . 8 8 2 E 5 5 . 9 5 2 7 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 . 7 5 6 . 4 0 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 3 7 2 c 5 3 . 7 6 2 8 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 9 . 8 4 5 . 6 8 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 4 9 9 . 0 3 3 E 5 8 . 9 2 2 6 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 . 4 3 7 . 0 4 0 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 0 . 8 7 4 E 5 8 . 3 8 2 6 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 . 4 0 6 . 8 7 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 7 4 5 E 5 8 . 6 2 2 5 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 1 5 7 . 0 8 0 . 7 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 1 8 5 c 5 6 . 7 9 2 7 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 8 . 2 4 6 . 6 0 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 1 0 0 . 0 1 6 E 5 6 . 4 8 2 8 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 8 . 6 5 6 . 6 1 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 0 . 6 4 6 c 5 4 . 1 8 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 9 0 5 . 2 7 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 1 . 1 9 7 E 5 4 . 1 8 3 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 6 6 5 . 3 2 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 0 1 . 0 9 7 c 5 4 . 8 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 9 5 5 . 2 4 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 7 1 0 1 . 7 4 8 E 5 8 . 9 7 2 6 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 7 . 1 8 7 . 0 4 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 0 . 8 4 9 E 5 6 . 0 5 2 8 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 . 1 8 5 . 7 8 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 1 0 0 . 6 5 1 0 E 5 7 . 6 7 2 7 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 8 . 2 3 6 . 5 7 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 0 1 . 2 7 1 0 N E 4 9 . 8 1 3 3 . 1 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 5 1 4 . 2 8 3 . 1 1 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 1 . 1 2 1 0 c 4 8 . 0 7 3 4 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 5 . 8 1 2 . 4 3 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 1 1 0 0 . 7 4 1 1 a 5 7 . 2 9 2 6 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 7 . 1 5 6 . 6 9 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 8 . 3 1 1 2 E 5 7 . 7 9 2 7 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 0 7 . 7 1 6 . 8 8 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 1 0 1 . 3 4 1 3 E + 5 9 . 0 6 2 6 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 4 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 1 0 0 . 9 6 1 3 c + 5 7 . 9 7 2 5 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 6 . 9 0 7 . 3 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 9 9 9 . 1 6 A p p e n d i x 4 . 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C o n t i n u e d . 2 6 7 F E L D S P A R A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r m e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n T y p e 8 P e e . 8 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 F e O U g o C a O N a 2 0 8 2 0 2 1 0 2 M n O 2 2 0 5 B a O T o t a l 3 2 3 - 1 3 T h i n 1 8 E 6 1 . 6 6 2 3 . 2 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 2 4 . 3 7 7 . 8 9 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 9 9 . 4 2 S e c t i o n 1 8 C 5 8 . 5 1 2 5 . 7 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 4 7 . 6 5 6 . 7 9 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 9 . 9 7 1 9 E 6 0 . 8 8 2 3 . 6 5 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 3 4 . 7 7 7 . 5 3 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 9 8 . 9 8 1 9 C 6 1 . 1 8 2 4 . 2 5 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 3 5 . 3 2 7 . 6 4 1 . 3 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 0 1 0 0 . 2 4 2 0 3 + 5 9 . 0 6 2 5 . 7 5 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 3 7 . 6 6 7 . 0 2 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 0 . 4 6 2 0 C + 5 7 . 2 9 2 6 . 6 2 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 2 8 . 4 9 6 . 9 9 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 0 . 2 6 2 1 E 6 0 . 3 7 2 4 . 2 1 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 4 6 . 7 5 7 . 2 1 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 4 1 0 0 . 2 9 2 2 E 6 2 . 8 4 2 3 . 6 4 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 2 4 . 8 9 7 . 9 2 1 . 7 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 1 . 5 3 2 2 C 5 6 . 4 2 2 8 . 2 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 5 9 . 4 6 5 . 9 9 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 1 . 1 3 2 3 E + 6 3 . 1 2 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 0 4 . 2 0 9 . 6 9 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 2 2 . 3 9 1 0 0 . 7 6 2 3 C + 6 4 . 7 5 1 9 . 9 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 9 4 . 4 0 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 9 9 1 0 0 . 9 0 2 4 E 6 1 . 1 3 2 4 . 8 7 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 5 . 7 0 ' 7 . 4 6 1 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 1 . 0 0 2 4 C 5 7 . 5 2 2 7 . 2 7 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 5 8 . 3 2 6 . 7 0 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 9 1 0 1 . 1 4 3 2 3 - 2 4 T h i n 1 E + 5 8 . 8 9 2 6 . 4 8 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 1 7 . 1 9 7 . 1 7 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 0 1 . 0 8 S e c t i o n l N E + 5 9 . 1 6 2 6 . 3 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 7 . 3 3 7 . 2 0 0 . 6 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 1 1 0 2 . 0 1 1 C + 5 8 . 5 3 2 6 . 0 8 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 3 7 . 1 9 6 . 7 3 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 9 9 . 7 5 2 E 5 4 . 5 7 2 9 . 2 4 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 3 2 5 . 2 6 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 1 0 0 . 3 8 2 C 5 4 . 6 4 2 9 . 7 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 5 4 . 7 8 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 1 . 1 7 3 2 + 5 5 . 6 2 2 8 . 7 7 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 1 8 5 . 3 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 0 . 8 3 3 C + 5 5 . 5 2 2 7 . 8 9 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 1 0 5 . 8 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 5 1 0 0 . 3 5 4 E + 5 5 . 5 7 2 7 . 1 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 3 9 . 1 8 5 . 8 7 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 2 9 8 . 7 3 4 C + 5 4 . 1 7 2 8 . 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 1 5 . 2 2 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 9 9 . 3 4 5 E 5 8 . 6 9 2 6 . 9 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 5 8 . 0 1 6 . 8 4 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 6 1 0 1 . 6 2 5 C 5 7 . 3 5 2 7 . 7 0 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 8 . 4 9 6 . 1 9 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 0 . 7 3 6 2 + 5 7 . 3 9 2 8 . 2 3 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 3 9 . 0 3 6 . 1 6 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 1 . 7 7 G r a i n 7 E 5 5 . 3 6 2 9 . 0 2 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 2 9 . 8 9 5 . 9 3 0 . 3 6 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 . 1 2 M o u n t 8 5 4 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 2 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 6 1 1 . 0 6 5 . 3 1 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 . 6 6 9 E 5 3 . 5 0 2 8 . 3 5 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 9 . 8 6 5 . 5 4 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 2 1 0 E 5 5 . 1 2 2 8 . 5 4 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 9 . 1 9 6 . 0 7 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 9 7 1 1 E 5 5 . 0 5 2 8 . 8 8 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 9 . 8 6 5 . 6 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 6 1 2 E 5 6 . 8 5 2 8 . 1 2 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 8 . 7 4 6 . 2 6 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 9 7 1 3 E 5 5 . 1 1 2 8 . 9 0 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 9 . 6 5 6 . 1 9 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 5 8 1 4 E + 5 7 . 8 0 2 6 . 9 1 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 7 . 3 4 7 . 1 0 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 0 . 2 7 1 5 8 + 5 7 . 3 2 2 7 . 2 1 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 8 . 0 2 6 . 8 3 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 3 9 1 6 2 + 5 4 . 4 0 2 8 . 5 7 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 1 1 5 . 9 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 9 9 . 8 4 2 6 8 A p p e n d i x 4 . 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C o n t i n u e d . F E L D S P A R . A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a m e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n T y p e 8 P o e . 8 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 S e c 5 6 9 0 C a O N a 2 0 K 2 0 T 1 0 2 5 1 : 1 0 2 2 0 5 S a c T o t a l 8 2 1 - 5 G r a i n 1 2 E 6 3 . 1 8 1 9 . 0 9 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 3 . 9 2 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 9 6 . 8 0 M o u n t 1 3 E 6 3 . 8 7 1 9 . 4 5 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 4 . 0 3 9 . 8 7 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 0 9 8 . 0 5 1 4 E 6 2 . 8 3 1 9 . 2 7 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 4 4 . 0 6 9 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 8 9 6 . 5 5 1 5 E 6 2 . 5 4 1 8 . 6 9 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 . 2 6 3 . 9 7 9 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 5 . 4 1 1 6 E 6 2 . 3 1 1 9 . 0 6 0 . 1 3 0 0 0 0 . 3 5 3 . 9 3 9 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 7 9 5 . 8 2 1 7 E 6 2 . 8 3 1 9 . 0 7 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 4 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 4 9 6 . 6 7 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 7 3 F E L D S P A R . 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A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s m e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n T Y P . 8 P O I . 3 1 0 2 2 1 2 0 3 ' 0 0 “ 9 0 0 3 0 " 8 2 0 X 2 0 1 1 0 2 “ h o 9 2 0 5 3 8 0 2 0 8 2 1 A 5 - 7 2 G r a i n 1 E 6 1 . 1 3 2 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 7 4 . 4 9 8 . 3 2 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 2 9 8 . 1 8 M o u n t 2 E 5 7 . 8 4 2 3 . 1 5 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 5 . 0 1 6 . 4 5 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 9 5 . 1 3 2 C 5 6 . 8 2 2 3 . 8 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 5 . 3 6 6 . 4 7 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 2 8 9 4 . 7 9 3 E 5 6 . 3 0 2 4 . 2 3 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 2 9 6 . 4 8 1 . 3 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 9 5 . 6 8 3 C 5 2 . 9 7 2 6 . 8 5 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 . 9 5 5 . 1 7 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 1 4 9 5 . 0 4 4 E 5 9 . 7 5 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 1 4 . 2 9 8 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 3 . 4 7 9 7 . 2 7 5 E 6 0 . 4 0 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 8 4 . 4 5 8 . 3 1 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 2 . 8 6 9 7 . 7 5 5 C 6 1 . 3 9 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 9 2 4 . 2 1 8 . 3 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 4 9 7 . 9 7 6 E 6 1 . 0 2 2 0 . 4 7 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 9 3 4 . 5 0 8 . 2 4 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 2 . 0 4 9 7 . 4 9 7 E 6 1 . 8 7 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 6 4 . 5 8 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 2 . 1 1 9 8 . 8 7 7 C 6 1 . 4 0 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 0 4 . 2 6 8 . 7 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 1 0 9 7 . 6 8 8 E 5 6 . 6 6 2 4 . 4 9 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 5 . 7 8 6 . 3 8 1 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 4 4 9 5 . 6 7 8 C 5 6 . 6 1 2 5 . 2 6 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 6 . 6 4 6 . 2 9 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 9 6 . 2 3 9 E 5 9 . 7 7 2 3 . 4 7 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 4 . 7 3 7 . 0 2 2 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 4 9 7 . 6 6 9 C 5 7 . 7 8 2 4 . 4 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 5 . 6 2 7 . 2 3 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 2 8 9 7 . 4 1 1 0 E 5 8 . 5 4 2 1 . 0 7 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 0 4 . 2 8 7 . 4 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 . 0 0 9 6 . 7 8 1 1 E 5 7 . 2 9 2 5 . 5 7 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 6 . 3 6 6 . 7 1 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 4 3 9 8 . 0 3 1 1 C 5 6 . 5 6 2 7 . 0 2 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 7 . 5 9 6 . 0 7 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 9 8 . 7 8 A 5 - 7 5 G r a i n 1 E 5 9 . 1 2 2 8 . 8 1 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 5 8 . 8 5 6 . 0 6 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 4 1 0 4 . 2 5 M o u n t 1 C 5 6 . 5 2 3 0 . 8 3 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 9 5 . 2 2 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 1 9 1 0 4 . 7 8 2 E 5 2 . 3 3 3 5 . 0 7 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 1 5 . 4 2 3 . 0 9 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 6 . 5 9 2 C 5 8 . 3 9 2 8 . 5 2 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 4 9 . 7 3 5 . 7 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 5 1 0 3 . 7 5 3 E 5 8 . 1 7 2 9 . 4 2 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 3 9 . 6 2 5 . 9 7 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 4 . 5 0 3 C 5 7 . 8 1 2 5 . 8 7 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 6 . 9 0 6 . 3 1 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 1 9 8 . 6 0 4 E 5 5 . 0 7 2 6 . 9 9 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 4 8 . 5 1 5 . 6 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 9 7 . 4 2 4 C 5 6 . 0 1 2 6 . 5 4 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 7 . 8 6 6 . 0 5 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 9 7 . 9 5 5 E 5 8 . 4 2 2 4 . 5 9 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 2 5 . 3 3 6 . 7 6 1 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 3 0 9 7 . 4 2 5 C 5 7 . 8 2 2 5 . 4 1 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 1 6 . 2 4 6 . 6 3 1 . 3 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 3 4 9 8 . 0 9 6 E 5 8 . 6 0 2 4 . 9 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 5 . 9 8 6 . 7 0 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 0 9 8 . 3 2 6 C 5 8 . 1 7 2 5 . 2 3 0 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 6 . 2 1 6 . 4 1 1 . 5 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 2 4 9 8 . 1 0 7 E 5 3 . 7 7 2 7 . 3 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 8 . 6 3 5 . 4 9 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 5 9 6 . 3 8 8 E 5 4 . 4 3 2 6 . 8 4 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 3 8 . 3 4 5 . 7 9 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 9 6 . 7 2 8 C 5 5 . 9 3 2 5 . 9 6 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 3 7 . 8 2 6 . 0 7 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 2 6 9 7 . 3 4 9 E 5 4 . 2 1 2 8 . 3 6 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 5 9 . 4 8 5 . 1 6 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 8 9 8 . 2 7 2 7 7 A p p e n d i x 4 . 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A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M a m b a : S a m p l e G r a i n T y p e I P o o . 8 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 3 0 0 K 9 0 C a O N a 2 0 X 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O P 2 0 5 B a O T o t a l 1 2 1 - 1 8 G r a i n 1 E 6 3 . 2 4 1 8 . 6 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 5 . 1 9 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 5 . 7 0 M o u n t 2 E 6 3 . 1 3 2 0 . 9 8 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 7 5 8 . 4 7 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 5 3 3 C 5 5 . 7 1 2 6 . 9 6 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 . 9 2 6 . 3 7 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 7 . 4 7 4 E 6 3 . 4 8 1 9 . 2 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 5 . 5 1 7 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 2 3 S E 6 4 . 7 3 1 9 . 4 7 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 5 . 5 0 7 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 9 8 . 0 9 6 E 6 3 . 1 6 1 9 . 1 6 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 5 . 2 2 8 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 1 5 7 E 6 4 . 7 5 1 9 . 6 1 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 5 . 3 8 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 7 8 C 6 4 . 9 2 1 9 . 7 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 5 . 6 1 7 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 9 8 . 6 1 9 E 6 4 . 5 2 2 1 . 4 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 2 . 0 5 9 . 2 7 1 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 2 9 9 C 6 4 . 3 5 2 1 . 3 6 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 2 . 1 2 8 . 9 3 1 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 6 3 F E L D S P A R A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s m a m b o : S a m p l e G r a i n T y p e # P o s . $ 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 r a o C a O N a 2 0 : 2 0 a g o T o t a l A 4 - 7 0 T h i n 1 E 6 3 . 3 0 1 9 . 4 0 0 . 1 6 0 . 4 6 5 . 3 2 8 . 9 0 0 . 0 6 9 7 . 5 9 S e c . 2 E 6 2 . 9 4 1 9 . 7 1 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 8 5 . 0 2 9 . 0 5 1 . 5 4 9 8 . 9 3 3 E 6 4 . 5 2 1 9 . 4 4 0 . 1 7 0 . 4 5 5 . 3 8 8 . 8 7 0 . 2 0 9 9 . 0 2 3 C 5 8 . 1 9 2 5 . 9 9 0 . 3 1 7 . 3 6 7 . 4 1 0 . 5 4 0 . 1 5 9 9 . 9 5 4 E 6 4 . 9 0 1 9 . 7 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 5 2 5 . 5 1 8 . 9 3 0 . 1 4 1 0 0 . 0 4 5 E 6 3 . 5 5 2 1 . 4 4 0 . 2 8 2 . 4 3 8 . 4 3 3 . 1 5 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 3 9 6 E 6 4 . 8 0 1 9 . 3 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 4 6 5 . 4 1 8 . 8 1 0 . 2 0 9 9 . 1 4 7 E 6 1 . 6 2 2 1 . 8 2 0 . 2 6 2 . 9 1 8 . 9 6 1 . 5 6 0 . 2 0 9 7 . 3 4 A 5 - 9 T h i n 1 E 6 2 . 0 4 1 8 . 9 7 0 . 3 2 0 . 6 4 4 . 7 6 7 . 6 1 0 . 2 0 9 4 . 5 4 S e c . 2 E 6 3 . 0 4 1 9 . 2 7 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 2 5 . 6 3 8 . 4 0 0 . 1 4 9 7 . 4 4 2 C 6 3 . 6 5 1 9 . 2 3 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 4 5 . 3 8 8 . 6 1 0 . 2 8 9 7 . 9 6 3 E 6 2 . 0 9 2 1 . 3 4 0 . 4 3 2 . 7 7 8 . 6 0 1 . 9 3 0 . 1 2 9 7 . 2 8 4 E 6 3 . 1 5 1 9 . 4 6 0 . 3 5 0 . 6 7 5 . 6 2 8 . 2 4 0 . 1 7 9 7 . 6 6 4 C 5 9 . 8 5 2 3 . 5 8 0 . 3 2 4 . 7 4 8 . 2 9 1 . 0 9 0 . 1 1 9 7 . 9 8 5 E 6 1 . 1 7 2 2 . 5 4 0 . 4 7 3 . 8 0 8 . 4 9 1 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 8 0 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 7 8 F E L D S P A R . A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s n u m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n T y p o # 9 0 : . 3 1 0 2 3 1 2 0 3 r e c C a O H a z e : 2 0 8 3 0 T o t a l 1 5 - 2 9 T h i n 1 E 6 4 . 0 0 1 9 . 2 9 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 2 5 . 7 7 8 . 2 0 0 . 0 3 9 7 . 8 1 S e c . 1 c 6 3 . 7 3 1 8 . 7 7 0 . 1 3 0 . 3 5 5 . 6 7 8 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 7 6 2 E 6 3 . 4 6 1 8 . 8 5 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 1 5 . 8 1 8 . 2 8 0 . 0 9 9 6 . 9 8 2 c 6 4 . 2 2 1 9 . 0 7 0 . 1 3 0 . 3 3 5 . 7 9 8 . 0 2 0 . 1 5 9 7 . 7 1 3 E 6 4 . 5 0 1 9 3 7 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 9 5 . 9 0 8 . 2 7 0 . 0 3 9 8 . 4 8 4 E 6 4 . 2 9 1 8 9 3 0 . 1 7 0 . 3 1 5 . 6 4 8 . 4 8 0 . 1 1 9 7 . 9 3 1 5 - 3 0 T h i n 1 E 6 3 0 3 1 9 . 9 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 7 5 5 . 2 5 8 . 8 1 0 . 4 9 9 8 . 4 7 S e c . 1 c 6 3 . 1 8 1 9 8 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 7 4 4 . 9 5 9 . 1 8 0 . 3 2 9 8 4 5 2 E 5 6 . 2 2 2 2 . 2 2 0 . 3 3 4 . 7 4 7 . 0 2 1 . 6 3 0 . 1 1 9 2 . 2 6 3 E 6 4 . 2 3 1 9 . 9 2 0 . 1 7 0 . 8 8 5 . 3 1 8 . 6 6 0 . 2 9 9 9 . 4 5 4 E 6 0 . 8 9 2 3 6 0 0 . 4 2 4 . 7 8 7 . 6 9 1 . 9 9 0 . 3 5 9 9 . 7 3 5 E 6 1 . 3 1 2 2 . 7 7 0 . 3 4 3 . 9 4 7 . 8 1 2 . 5 9 0 . 1 4 9 8 . 8 9 6 E 5 8 . 6 2 2 4 . 4 4 0 . 2 7 6 . 0 1 7 . 2 1 1 . 4 4 0 . 1 8 9 8 . 1 7 1 5 - 3 1 T h i n 1 E 6 0 . 9 4 1 9 . 9 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 6 4 3 . 9 6 8 . 9 3 2 . 6 9 9 7 . 4 1 S e c . 2 E 5 7 . 5 9 2 5 6 0 0 . 5 4 7 . 0 2 6 . 8 6 1 . 1 8 0 . 1 8 9 8 . 9 6 3 E 5 8 . 3 9 2 4 . 4 3 0 . 3 6 5 . 7 9 7 . 1 8 1 . 7 4 0 . 2 8 9 8 . 1 6 4 E 5 6 7 1 2 6 . 0 6 0 . 5 6 7 . 4 7 6 . 6 1 1 . 0 8 0 . 1 2 9 8 . 6 2 5 c 5 7 . 4 8 2 5 . 9 5 0 . 4 4 7 . 5 2 6 . 6 2 1 . 0 8 0 . 3 4 9 9 . 4 4 5 N E 5 9 . 6 7 2 5 . 0 6 0 . 4 1 6 . 1 4 7 . 0 7 1 . 5 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 0 . 2 9 5 E 6 3 . 3 2 1 9 . 4 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 6 0 4 . 9 4 9 . 3 6 0 . 2 3 9 8 . 2 4 A 5 - 5 6 T h i n 1 E 6 4 . 2 6 1 9 . 1 9 0 . 1 5 0 . 3 6 5 . 8 4 8 . 4 6 0 . 0 5 9 8 . 3 0 S e c . 2 E 6 4 . 3 4 1 9 . 0 9 0 . 1 3 0 . 3 7 5 . 8 5 8 . 2 6 0 . 0 5 9 8 . 0 9 3 E 6 4 . 5 5 1 9 . 4 1 0 . 2 1 0 . 3 8 5 . 9 5 7 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 3 9 3 c 6 5 . 2 7 1 9 . 4 1 0 . 2 2 0 . 4 0 6 . 1 1 8 . 0 8 0 . 0 6 9 9 . 5 6 I t s - 6 8 T h i n 1 E 6 4 . 2 7 1 9 . 3 6 0 . 1 8 0 . 4 9 6 . 0 6 7 . 9 1 0 . 0 6 9 8 . 3 4 S e c . 2 E 6 4 . 8 4 1 9 . 4 7 0 . 1 6 0 . 5 3 6 . 1 1 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 1 2 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 7 9 F E L D S P A R . A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n T y p e # P o s . $ 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 F e O C a O N 3 2 0 x 2 0 s a c T o t a l 1 5 - 7 9 T h i n 1 E 6 3 . 2 6 1 9 . 2 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 4 4 5 . 9 2 8 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 0 8 S e c . 2 E 6 3 8 9 2 0 . 8 8 0 . 1 8 2 . 0 2 9 . 2 8 1 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 1 0 3 E 6 3 . 9 6 1 8 . 9 9 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 5 5 . 5 7 8 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 2 7 4 E 6 3 0 7 1 8 . 9 7 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 1 5 . 7 0 8 . 3 2 0 . 0 3 9 6 . 4 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 0 B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M b s a m e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P o o . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 “ 9 0 C a O K 2 0 2 1 0 2 M n O 3 0 0 N 1 0 3 1 0 2 S a c T o t a l R 8 - 2 5 1 E 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 2 6 1 3 . 9 6 0 . 2 0 6 . 3 5 5 . 7 4 0 . 3 2 3 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 9 2 0 . 8 7 9 0 . 5 4 1 C 0 . 4 0 1 3 . 8 8 1 4 . 3 2 0 . 3 3 5 . 7 9 5 . 8 0 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 1 2 1 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 2 2 E 0 . 4 2 1 4 . 7 8 1 3 . 3 3 0 . 0 2 8 . 9 3 6 . 2 4 0 . 2 8 1 4 . 3 7 0 . 1 3 3 6 . 5 7 1 . 6 2 9 6 . 6 9 2 C 0 . 6 6 1 4 . 3 1 1 3 . 8 9 0 . 0 3 8 . 8 6 5 . 8 5 0 . 3 1 1 4 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 9 7 0 . 7 5 9 4 . 8 2 3 E 0 . 3 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 4 . 0 7 0 . 1 7 6 . 6 5 5 . 1 7 0 . 2 3 1 3 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 8 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 5 0 3 C 0 . 5 0 1 3 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 1 9 7 . 4 9 5 . 4 0 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 9 1 . 7 1 4 E 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 7 6 1 3 . 5 3 0 . 0 1 8 . 9 6 5 . 9 3 0 . 3 5 1 5 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 2 5 0 . 7 8 9 6 . 8 8 4 C 0 . 6 4 1 3 . 4 9 1 4 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 9 . 1 9 5 . 6 2 0 . 2 7 1 4 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 1 0 . 1 0 9 6 . 0 4 5 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 5 3 1 3 . 4 0 0 . 0 8 8 . 2 3 6 . 0 9 0 . 3 0 1 4 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 2 1 . 5 8 9 4 . 9 4 6 E 0 . 6 2 1 4 . 4 5 1 3 . 3 3 0 . 0 4 8 . 4 4 6 . 2 4 0 . 3 7 1 4 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 4 1 1 . 7 9 9 5 . 5 1 7 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 3 9 1 4 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 . 9 2 5 . 7 0 0 . 3 4 1 4 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 1 0 . 5 3 9 5 . 7 3 8 C 0 . 5 9 1 4 . 5 1 1 3 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 8 . 7 8 6 . 1 0 0 . 5 2 1 4 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 1 . 0 8 9 6 . 3 3 9 E 0 . 6 7 1 4 . 2 8 1 3 . 2 6 0 . 0 9 8 . 5 1 6 . 1 2 0 . 2 7 1 5 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 6 1 . 2 7 9 6 . 4 9 9 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 4 1 1 4 . 0 6 0 . 0 6 8 . 8 0 5 . 9 4 0 . 3 2 1 5 . 2 7 0 . 0 3 3 6 . 1 6 0 . 9 5 9 6 . 6 0 1 0 E 0 . 5 7 1 3 . 6 9 1 3 . 9 8 0 . 0 7 8 . 6 2 5 . 9 4 0 . 2 8 1 4 . 2 5 0 . 0 4 3 5 . 9 6 0 . 5 9 9 3 . 9 9 1 1 E 0 . 5 4 1 4 . 3 3 1 3 . 6 6 0 . 0 5 8 . 7 4 6 . 1 8 0 . 2 9 1 4 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 7 1 . 0 3 9 5 . 9 0 1 2 E 0 . 4 9 1 3 . 4 8 1 4 . 4 0 0 . 1 9 7 . 3 4 5 . 7 9 0 . 3 0 1 4 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 2 0 . 4 4 9 2 . 2 3 3 8 - 4 4 1 E 0 . 6 3 1 3 . 8 2 1 1 . 4 4 0 . 1 3 7 . 9 6 5 . 9 1 0 . 2 3 1 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 2 5 1 . 0 5 9 1 . 7 1 1 C 0 . 8 0 1 3 . 8 1 1 1 . 9 6 0 . 1 6 7 . 4 2 5 . 9 7 0 . 2 7 1 3 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 1 1 . 0 6 9 1 . 4 0 2 E 0 . 6 5 1 3 . 8 0 1 5 . 7 7 0 . 0 1 9 . 1 8 4 . 7 9 0 . 3 4 1 4 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 9 5 0 . 1 4 9 8 . 0 2 2 C 0 . 6 0 1 3 . 6 4 1 5 . 1 2 0 . 0 2 9 . 1 5 4 . 9 5 0 . 2 6 1 3 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 9 3 3 E 0 . 4 8 1 4 . 0 8 1 2 . 5 7 0 . 2 7 7 . 5 0 6 . 0 3 0 . 2 1 1 3 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 3 7 . 3 5 0 . 6 3 9 2 . 7 8 4 E 0 . 4 8 1 4 . 1 1 1 2 . 2 5 0 . 1 5 7 . 5 5 6 . 0 8 0 . 3 1 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 7 1 . 2 2 9 4 . 4 4 5 E 0 . 5 6 1 4 . 1 2 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 1 8 . 9 2 6 . 1 2 0 . 3 0 1 4 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 5 7 0 . 5 7 9 5 . 9 2 6 E 0 . 4 5 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 4 6 0 . 1 8 7 . 5 3 5 . 4 1 0 . 2 5 1 3 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 3 9 . 1 6 0 . 0 4 9 3 . 8 8 7 E 0 . 6 3 1 4 . 6 7 1 4 . 1 3 0 . 0 6 8 . 6 4 6 . 2 4 0 . 5 5 1 5 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 2 1 . 4 2 9 8 . 0 3 R 8 - 4 5 1 E 0 . 7 0 1 4 . 4 0 1 3 . 9 9 0 . 0 6 8 . 6 2 6 . 0 3 0 . 3 3 1 5 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 9 1 . 5 2 9 7 . 3 9 2 E 0 . 6 2 1 3 . 9 0 1 3 . 4 5 0 . 1 1 8 . 5 3 5 . 8 0 0 . 3 0 1 4 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 6 8 0 . 5 4 9 4 . 5 6 2 C 0 . 5 5 1 4 . 1 2 1 4 . 0 2 0 . 1 0 8 . 7 9 5 . 9 4 0 . 2 8 1 4 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 4 0 . 6 9 9 6 . 3 8 3 E 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 7 2 1 3 . 8 4 0 . 0 8 8 . 7 8 5 . 9 2 0 . 2 6 1 4 . 8 1 0 . 0 2 3 6 . 5 1 1 . 5 2 9 7 . 1 7 3 C 0 . 6 3 1 4 . 3 8 1 3 . 5 6 0 . 0 5 8 . 6 7 5 . 9 5 0 . 2 6 1 4 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 5 8 1 . 3 3 9 5 . 4 0 4 E 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 6 8 1 3 . 2 0 0 . 0 5 8 . 6 7 6 . 3 9 0 . 3 0 1 5 . 0 8 0 . 0 4 3 5 . 8 9 1 . 9 6 9 6 . 9 7 5 E 0 . 5 6 1 4 . 1 0 1 3 . 7 1 0 . 1 7 8 . 3 9 6 . 1 0 0 . 3 2 1 4 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 7 0 . 8 5 9 5 . 3 2 6 E 0 . 3 9 1 3 . 9 9 1 3 . 7 5 0 . 2 6 7 . 4 9 5 . 6 9 0 . 1 8 1 4 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 3 7 . 0 0 0 . 6 3 9 3 . 4 3 7 E 0 . 6 6 1 4 . 5 9 1 4 . 1 9 0 . 1 5 8 . 7 9 5 . 8 4 0 . 2 7 1 4 . 8 3 0 . 0 4 3 6 . 9 2 0 . 5 5 9 6 . 8 3 8 E 0 . 6 1 1 4 . 6 7 1 4 . 0 6 0 . 1 1 8 . 4 1 6 . 2 7 0 . 3 1 1 5 . 5 4 0 . 0 3 3 6 . 5 7 1 . 1 7 9 7 . 7 5 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 1 B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a m e m b e r S a m p l - G r a i n # P a s . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 I 9 0 C a O K 2 0 1 1 0 2 M n O 7 0 0 3 1 0 8 1 0 2 S a c f a t a l R l l - S 1 B 0 . 6 3 1 4 . 9 6 1 3 . 9 9 0 . 0 7 7 . 9 9 5 . 8 0 0 . 3 0 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 2 3 6 . 6 0 1 . 1 1 9 4 . 9 7 1 C 0 . 5 9 1 5 . 0 4 1 3 . 0 5 0 . 1 8 7 . 8 8 5 . 4 7 0 . 2 1 1 3 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 8 3 0 . 9 1 9 3 . 4 9 2 E 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 0 1 4 . 1 0 0 . 5 5 7 . 7 4 5 . 4 2 0 . 2 0 1 3 . 0 9 0 . 0 3 3 6 . 2 9 0 . 4 6 9 3 . 1 6 3 E 0 . 4 6 1 3 . 6 9 1 3 . 3 4 0 . 1 2 7 . 5 1 5 . 7 3 0 . 2 6 1 3 . 7 4 0 . 0 3 3 5 . 7 4 0 . 3 6 9 0 . 9 8 4 E 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 8 9 1 3 . 6 5 0 . 0 2 8 . 1 3 5 . 5 8 0 . 2 8 1 3 . 9 7 0 . 0 2 3 6 . 6 0 0 . 5 2 9 4 . 3 7 5 E 1 . 4 8 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 3 3 0 . 1 1 7 . 4 7 5 . 5 4 0 . 2 8 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 5 1 . 0 8 9 4 . 2 8 6 E 0 . 7 8 1 5 . 3 6 1 4 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 8 . 1 5 5 . 6 4 0 . 2 5 1 3 . 5 5 0 . 1 5 3 6 . 4 1 1 . 3 1 9 5 . 6 9 6 C 0 . 6 5 1 5 . 0 6 1 3 . 4 9 0 . 0 4 7 . 6 1 5 . 4 8 0 . 2 3 1 3 . 3 1 0 . 0 2 3 6 . 7 7 0 . 7 6 9 3 . 4 2 7 E 0 . 6 2 1 3 . 7 6 1 4 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 8 . 3 0 6 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 7 0 . 8 1 9 4 . 1 8 8 E 0 . 5 1 1 4 . 0 2 1 3 . 6 0 0 . 2 0 7 . 9 8 5 . 7 2 0 . 1 9 1 3 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 3 0 . 8 8 9 3 . 0 4 9 E 0 . 4 9 1 4 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 3 0 . 3 6 7 . 4 6 5 . 7 2 0 . 2 4 1 4 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 8 3 1 . 0 7 9 3 . 6 0 9 E 0 . 4 0 1 4 . 5 6 1 3 . 3 7 0 . 3 0 7 . 6 5 5 . 6 9 0 . 2 0 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 7 0 . 9 6 9 2 . 8 2 E l l - 7 1 E 0 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 4 1 4 . 4 4 0 . 0 3 9 . 2 7 3 . 5 9 0 . 7 4 1 5 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 1 0 . 0 5 9 5 . 8 1 2 E 0 . 3 4 1 2 . 9 0 1 2 . 8 1 0 . 3 4 7 . 1 3 3 . 7 1 0 . 5 4 1 6 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 3 1 0 . 0 6 9 1 . 6 1 3 E 0 . 4 1 1 3 . 8 3 1 3 . 7 7 0 . 3 1 6 . 7 4 5 . 9 1 0 . 2 0 1 4 . 2 6 0 . 0 2 3 5 . 4 3 0 . 5 9 9 1 . 4 7 4 E 0 . 4 1 1 3 . 2 7 1 3 . 3 6 0 . 2 7 7 . 6 7 3 . 6 0 0 . 5 3 1 5 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 3 6 . 8 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 . 2 2 5 E 0 . 5 0 1 4 . 0 9 1 3 . 3 0 0 . 1 0 8 . 7 1 3 . 7 1 0 . 6 4 1 4 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 7 7 0 . 1 2 9 3 . 5 4 6 E 0 . 4 9 1 3 . 4 2 1 3 . 8 5 0 . 1 8 8 . 1 0 3 . 8 6 0 . 6 4 1 5 . 5 5 0 . 0 2 3 7 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 9 3 . 3 6 6 C 0 . 4 3 1 3 . 0 2 1 3 . 8 6 0 . 4 2 7 . 3 4 3 . 5 0 0 . 7 9 1 5 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 8 8 0 . 4 5 9 2 . 1 5 7 E 0 . 6 0 1 3 . 5 6 1 4 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 9 . 1 6 3 . 8 3 0 . 5 9 1 6 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 4 2 0 . 0 2 9 5 . 6 6 8 E 0 . 5 8 1 3 . 2 6 1 4 . 3 3 0 . 0 3 9 . 2 4 3 . 6 4 0 . 6 7 1 6 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 5 9 E 0 . 3 7 1 3 . 3 7 1 3 . 7 5 0 . 3 6 7 . 2 1 3 . 4 8 0 . 6 7 1 5 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 3 6 . 8 1 0 . 0 2 9 1 . 0 6 1 0 E 0 . 3 2 1 2 . 8 9 1 3 . 4 4 0 . 3 2 7 . 6 8 3 . 1 6 0 . 5 7 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 8 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 8 8 1 0 E 0 . 3 0 1 3 . 1 8 1 3 . 9 0 0 . 3 0 7 . 5 0 3 . 4 7 0 . 6 4 1 5 . 6 0 0 . 0 8 3 7 . 6 4 0 . 0 7 9 2 . 6 8 1 1 E 0 . 3 5 1 3 . 8 4 1 4 . 1 6 0 . 3 4 7 . 4 1 5 . 2 4 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 2 0 0 . 2 2 9 3 . 3 6 1 2 B 0 . 3 9 1 3 . 3 9 1 2 . 9 6 0 . 2 3 7 . 6 8 5 . 6 2 0 . 2 9 1 4 . 4 7 0 . 0 2 3 5 . 5 2 0 . 7 1 9 1 . 2 8 1 2 E 0 . 3 7 1 3 . 8 5 1 3 . 3 6 0 . 2 3 7 . 5 4 5 . 0 7 0 . 3 1 1 4 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 2 0 0 . 3 3 9 1 . 7 1 R 1 8 - 2 1 E 0 . 5 1 1 3 . 0 4 1 3 . 7 3 0 . 0 2 9 . 0 7 4 . 0 8 0 . 4 8 1 5 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 3 2 0 . 1 3 9 3 . 6 8 2 E 0 . 4 6 1 3 . 3 3 1 3 . 4 8 0 . 0 5 9 . 0 5 4 . 0 6 0 . 4 8 1 5 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 4 3 3 E 0 . 5 3 1 3 . 8 2 1 3 . 5 4 0 . 0 5 9 . 1 0 4 . 2 9 0 . 5 2 1 5 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 8 0 . 0 2 9 4 . 8 4 4 E 0 . 4 6 1 3 . 6 8 1 4 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 8 . 9 3 4 . 0 0 0 . 4 3 1 5 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 4 2 1 . 1 2 9 5 . 4 4 5 E 0 . 5 5 1 4 . 0 3 1 4 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 9 . 2 5 4 . 1 6 0 . 4 3 1 5 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 3 5 0 . 0 5 9 5 . 4 9 5 C 0 . 4 9 1 3 . 5 4 1 4 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 9 . 0 3 3 . 9 2 0 . 4 3 1 5 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 2 4 6 E 0 . 5 1 1 3 . 1 8 1 3 . 5 8 0 . 1 5 8 . 5 2 4 . 0 9 0 . 5 5 1 5 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 9 6 6 C 0 . 5 6 1 3 . 3 1 1 3 . 9 9 0 . 2 0 8 . 2 8 4 . 1 7 0 . 4 9 1 5 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 7 9 1 . 8 4 9 5 . 6 3 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 2 B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r m e s a m e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P e e . N a 2 0 A 1 2 0 3 M g O C a O K 2 0 2 1 0 2 M n O P 0 0 N 1 0 8 1 0 2 D e c t o t a l R 1 8 - 1 6 1 E 0 . 5 3 1 5 . 0 7 1 3 . 3 9 0 . 0 4 9 . 1 7 4 . 6 4 0 . 4 2 1 6 . 8 5 0 . 0 6 3 6 . 5 4 0 . 4 9 9 7 . 2 0 2 E 0 . 4 4 1 3 . 5 9 1 3 . 2 3 0 . 0 7 8 . 2 9 4 . 2 4 0 . 4 0 1 5 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 5 3 3 E 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 2 8 1 3 . 2 7 0 . 1 7 7 . 7 5 4 . 0 4 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 3 8 0 . 0 2 9 1 . 1 1 4 E 0 . 6 1 1 4 . 6 0 1 3 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 9 . 2 5 4 . 6 9 0 . 4 3 1 6 . 1 5 0 . 0 4 3 5 . 9 6 0 . 4 3 9 5 . 6 7 4 C 0 . 6 3 1 4 . 6 3 1 3 . 0 6 0 . 0 5 8 . 9 9 4 . 8 1 0 . 4 4 1 6 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 3 9 0 . 4 3 9 5 . 5 2 5 E 0 . 5 1 1 3 . 2 1 1 4 . 0 9 0 . 2 8 8 . 4 7 4 . 0 8 0 . 3 1 1 4 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 5 0 0 . 0 8 9 3 . 9 6 5 N 0 . 4 3 1 3 . 4 6 1 2 . 9 2 1 . 1 6 7 . 7 4 3 . 9 8 0 . 3 0 1 3 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 0 7 5 C 0 . 3 1 1 3 . 3 1 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 1 5 8 . 6 0 4 . 2 1 0 . 3 2 1 3 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 3 9 . 6 4 0 . 0 4 9 4 . 5 9 6 E 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 8 8 1 3 . 6 1 0 . 1 0 8 . 3 9 4 . 3 3 0 . 3 2 1 4 . 7 4 0 . 0 2 3 8 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 8 1 7 E 0 . 4 7 1 3 . 1 5 1 4 . 3 4 0 . 0 3 9 . 1 2 4 . 2 3 0 . 3 7 1 4 . 6 9 0 . 0 5 3 7 . 4 9 0 . 0 2 9 3 . 9 6 7 C 0 . 4 3 1 3 . 2 5 1 3 . 8 9 0 . 0 2 8 . 8 5 4 . 2 2 0 . 3 7 1 4 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 5 5 0 . 1 4 9 2 . 3 4 R 2 3 - 1 3 1 E 0 . 6 5 1 4 . 8 6 1 4 . 2 9 0 . 0 3 9 . 2 8 5 . 7 7 0 . 3 4 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 3 7 . 7 0 0 . 7 4 9 8 . 5 9 1 C 0 . 5 5 1 4 . 2 9 1 4 . 4 7 0 . 0 3 8 . 9 3 5 . 9 8 0 . 4 2 1 5 . 2 2 0 . 0 3 3 7 . 2 7 0 . 4 0 9 7 . 5 9 2 E 0 . 5 2 1 4 . 4 9 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 5 8 . 8 1 6 . 2 4 0 . 3 5 1 5 . 0 8 0 . 0 4 3 6 . 4 2 1 . 3 3 9 6 . 5 0 3 E 0 . 5 7 1 4 . 8 3 1 3 . 2 8 0 . 0 4 8 . 5 9 6 . 1 6 0 . 4 3 1 5 . 3 9 0 . 0 3 3 6 . 5 3 1 . 6 3 9 7 . 4 8 4 E 0 . 5 6 1 5 . 0 2 1 3 . 5 8 0 . 0 4 8 . 6 0 6 . 2 3 0 . 3 4 1 5 . 2 1 0 . 4 8 3 5 . 9 7 1 . 6 6 9 7 . 6 9 5 E 0 . 5 0 1 4 . 4 5 1 4 . 3 5 0 . 0 4 9 . 0 3 5 . 9 1 0 . 3 7 1 5 . 1 6 0 . 0 4 3 6 . 7 0 0 . 3 8 9 6 . 9 3 6 E 0 . 4 2 1 4 . 9 9 1 4 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 . 8 5 6 . 1 4 0 . 3 3 1 5 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 3 7 . 3 9 0 . 9 2 9 8 . 1 6 7 E 0 . 5 3 1 4 . 1 5 1 3 . 7 8 0 . 0 8 8 . 9 9 5 . 5 2 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 5 7 0 . 0 3 3 6 . 9 1 0 . 4 4 9 5 . 3 3 R 2 3 - 2 4 1 E 0 . 8 0 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 8 . 1 9 5 . 3 7 0 . 2 1 1 3 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 8 7 1 . 4 1 9 3 . 3 7 2 E 0 . 8 8 1 4 . 9 9 1 5 . 1 7 0 . 0 3 8 . 3 3 5 . 4 5 0 . 2 1 1 3 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 7 8 1 . 5 8 9 6 . 5 6 3 E 0 . 9 5 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 8 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 8 3 5 . 1 6 0 . 1 6 1 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 9 0 1 . 5 8 9 2 . 9 3 4 E 0 . 7 3 1 4 . 3 9 1 4 . 3 2 0 . 0 2 8 . 6 7 5 . 6 6 0 . 2 1 1 3 . 8 6 0 . 0 2 3 5 . 6 1 0 . 9 4 9 4 . 4 3 5 E 0 . 8 4 1 4 . 9 1 1 4 . 5 2 0 . 0 2 7 . 9 3 5 . 4 9 0 . 1 9 1 2 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 2 0 1 . 6 6 9 3 . 6 4 5 C 0 . 8 6 1 4 . 6 3 1 4 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 . 0 5 5 . 5 0 0 . 1 9 1 2 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 9 7 1 . 8 1 9 3 . 1 4 6 E 0 . 9 9 1 4 . 7 2 1 5 . 3 1 0 . 0 3 7 . 6 4 5 . 0 4 0 . 1 4 1 2 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 5 2 1 . 5 1 9 2 . 3 9 7 E 0 . 9 9 1 5 . 0 9 1 4 . 8 9 0 . 0 3 8 . 2 1 5 . 2 2 0 . 1 7 1 2 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 5 1 . 5 3 9 4 . 3 1 R 2 3 - 2 6 1 E 0 . 5 8 1 4 . 8 3 1 3 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 . 7 6 6 . 2 9 0 . 2 5 1 5 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 9 8 1 . 5 4 9 5 . 7 1 2 E 0 . 6 4 1 4 . 6 4 1 3 . 7 4 0 . 0 2 8 . 5 5 6 . 4 2 0 . 2 8 1 4 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 7 1 . 4 8 9 5 . 9 9 3 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 0 9 1 3 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 . 5 8 5 . 8 6 0 . 2 8 1 4 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 1 9 0 . 8 9 9 3 . 4 5 4 E 0 . 4 9 1 4 . 7 3 1 3 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 8 . 5 8 6 . 2 0 0 . 2 4 1 4 . 9 7 0 . 0 3 3 5 . 7 0 1 . 6 6 9 6 . 0 8 5 E 0 . 6 7 1 4 . 8 9 1 3 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 8 . 5 7 6 . 2 9 0 . 3 2 1 4 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 8 6 1 . 6 3 9 5 . 8 2 5 C 0 . 5 7 1 4 . 9 3 1 3 . 5 8 0 . 0 2 8 . 6 7 6 . 2 6 0 . 4 9 1 5 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 4 3 1 . 5 6 9 6 . 6 6 5 E 0 . 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 1 3 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 8 . 8 2 6 . 0 8 0 . 2 7 1 4 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 9 7 0 . 6 9 9 4 . 9 2 6 E 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 2 5 1 3 . 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 . 8 6 6 . 0 7 0 . 2 7 1 4 . 7 1 0 . 0 4 3 5 . 2 9 0 . 8 6 9 4 . 7 9 ) o a m H O m H H m 2 8 3 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e B r a i n 3 P e n . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 “ 9 0 C a O R 2 0 1 1 0 2 u n o F e O l i o 8 1 0 2 S a c f e t a l R 2 3 - 2 7 1 E 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 4 1 0 . 0 3 8 . 3 3 5 . 3 3 0 . 2 0 1 4 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 0 4 1 . 4 0 9 4 . 5 6 2 E 0 . 8 2 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 7 8 0 . 0 2 8 . 1 7 5 . 5 5 0 . 1 7 1 3 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 0 1 . 7 0 9 4 . 8 4 2 C 0 . 9 0 1 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 8 . 1 2 5 . 5 1 0 . 1 7 1 3 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 2 0 2 . 0 5 9 5 . 7 5 3 E 0 . 8 9 1 5 . 4 8 1 5 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 8 . 3 5 5 . 2 4 0 . 1 5 1 3 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 3 1 . 4 5 9 6 . 6 4 4 E 0 . 8 5 1 4 . 5 5 1 4 . 3 1 0 . 0 4 8 . 3 2 5 . 5 6 0 . 1 8 1 4 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 7 1 . 3 6 9 4 . 5 6 5 E 0 . 7 9 1 5 . 1 6 1 4 . 5 5 0 . 0 5 8 . 2 2 5 . 7 3 0 . 1 9 1 3 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 4 7 1 . 5 2 9 4 . 5 6 6 E 0 . 9 1 1 5 . 4 9 1 5 . 2 3 0 . 0 7 7 . 9 1 5 . 2 6 0 . 1 7 1 3 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 5 3 1 . 6 7 9 4 . 4 4 7 E 1 . 0 0 1 5 . 5 5 1 5 . 2 4 0 . 0 3 8 . 0 9 5 . 2 7 0 . 1 6 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 8 9 1 . 7 0 9 6 . 4 5 8 E 0 . 7 8 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 2 7 0 . 0 5 7 . 9 2 5 . 4 5 0 . 1 6 1 3 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 6 9 1 . 3 4 9 2 . 7 8 8 C 0 . 7 4 1 5 . 1 0 1 4 . 6 1 0 . 0 3 8 . 2 4 5 . 6 1 0 . 2 1 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 2 6 1 . 3 4 9 5 . 3 4 9 E 0 . 9 0 1 5 . 1 8 1 5 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 . 3 0 5 . 4 2 0 . 1 5 1 3 . 4 0 0 . 0 6 3 3 . 9 5 1 . 8 8 9 4 . 3 1 3 2 1 - 1 1 E 0 . 7 0 1 4 . 4 3 1 3 . 3 9 0 . 0 2 6 . 8 4 5 . 0 9 0 . 4 5 1 4 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 4 5 0 . 8 5 9 0 . 7 4 2 E 0 . 5 3 1 4 . 1 1 1 4 . 1 8 0 . 0 5 6 . 7 0 5 . 0 3 0 . 2 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 6 8 0 . 2 9 9 1 . 0 6 3 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 3 4 1 4 . 2 6 0 . 0 3 6 . 6 0 4 . 9 2 0 . 2 8 1 4 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 5 2 0 . 7 5 9 1 . 4 8 4 E 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 2 8 1 4 . 9 1 0 . 0 5 7 . 2 6 4 . 9 2 0 . 2 9 1 4 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 2 4 3 . 1 6 9 6 . 0 6 5 E 0 . 5 9 1 4 . 3 0 1 3 . 6 3 0 . 0 2 6 . 6 4 5 . 1 3 0 . 2 9 1 4 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 9 1 . 1 1 9 1 . 6 7 6 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 1 4 1 4 . 1 9 0 . 3 1 6 . 0 7 4 . 9 5 0 . 2 9 1 4 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 5 4 0 . 2 7 9 0 . 4 7 R 2 1 - 5 1 E 0 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 2 1 5 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 7 . 0 7 4 . 1 1 0 . 3 7 1 3 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 8 7 2 E 0 . 5 8 1 3 . 3 0 1 5 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 7 . 2 4 4 . 1 4 0 . 3 4 1 3 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 3 4 3 2 1 - 1 3 1 E 0 . 9 3 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 6 . 3 1 4 . 7 5 0 . 2 2 1 3 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 7 4 1 . 4 4 9 2 . 1 9 2 E 0 . 8 8 1 5 . 1 6 1 5 . 0 5 0 . 0 3 8 . 4 1 5 . 4 2 0 . 1 5 1 3 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 3 5 . 9 9 1 . 5 0 9 6 . 0 0 3 E 0 . 9 1 1 4 . 6 9 1 5 . 1 1 0 . 0 3 8 . 0 0 5 . 3 4 0 . 1 0 1 3 . 1 4 0 . 0 3 3 5 . 8 3 1 . 7 2 9 4 . 9 0 3 E 1 . 0 4 1 5 . 0 1 1 5 . 0 9 0 . 0 2 8 . 1 7 5 . 2 6 0 . 1 8 1 3 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 9 8 1 . 5 6 9 5 . 4 3 4 E 0 . 7 3 1 4 . 1 3 1 5 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 9 . 2 4 5 . 5 4 0 . 2 4 1 4 . 3 9 0 . 0 2 3 8 . 1 9 0 . 2 4 9 7 . 8 0 5 E 0 . 6 7 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 6 0 . 0 4 9 . 2 3 5 . 9 5 0 . 3 4 1 5 . 5 8 0 . 4 3 3 7 . 2 9 0 . 5 8 9 9 . 0 4 6 E 1 . 1 0 1 5 . 6 3 1 5 . 4 3 0 . 0 4 8 . 1 7 5 . 4 5 0 . 1 8 1 3 . 1 0 0 . 0 2 3 7 . 1 2 1 . 9 1 9 8 . 1 5 7 E 0 . 9 1 1 5 . 7 4 1 5 . 3 7 0 . 0 6 8 . 3 9 5 . 3 7 0 . 1 2 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 3 3 7 . 6 9 1 . 5 1 9 8 . 6 9 8 E 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 2 9 1 4 . 6 8 0 . 0 3 9 . 1 9 6 . 1 4 0 . 3 3 1 4 . 8 1 0 . 0 3 3 7 . 2 3 0 . 6 7 9 8 . 0 8 9 E 0 . 6 5 1 4 . 5 8 1 4 . 1 3 0 . 0 3 9 . 0 4 6 . 0 6 0 . 5 7 1 5 . 0 2 0 . 3 1 3 6 . 6 2 1 . 2 4 9 8 . 2 5 1 5 . 3 7 1 5 . 5 1 0 . 0 3 8 . 6 3 5 . 5 6 0 . 1 2 1 3 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 9 1 . 6 5 9 7 . 7 7 1 . 0 0 1 5 . 3 4 1 5 . 3 5 0 . 0 5 8 . 5 6 5 . 5 9 0 . 2 0 1 3 . 4 4 0 . 0 2 3 7 . 2 9 1 . 4 1 9 8 . 2 5 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 4 B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s m e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n ! P a s . N a 2 0 3 1 2 0 3 M g O e g o x 2 0 T 1 0 2 u n o t o o 8 1 0 3 1 0 2 3 . 0 T o t a l n s - a 1 E 0 . 3 8 1 2 . 0 5 1 7 . 3 7 0 . 1 8 7 . 8 6 2 . 9 3 0 . 8 3 1 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 5 5 0 . 0 4 9 1 . 8 8 2 E 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 0 5 1 6 . 4 0 0 . 1 6 7 . 8 4 2 . 9 4 0 . 7 1 1 1 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 7 2 3 E 0 . 2 8 1 1 . 9 6 1 6 . 3 2 0 . 2 8 7 . 2 6 2 . 9 5 0 . 8 9 1 1 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 1 5 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 2 5 4 E 0 . 3 1 1 1 . 9 0 1 6 . 8 1 0 . 2 6 6 . 5 9 2 . 9 6 0 . 7 9 1 1 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 8 9 . 9 1 5 E 0 . 3 2 1 1 . 6 7 1 6 . 8 5 0 . 2 0 7 . 6 0 2 . 8 7 0 . 7 7 1 1 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 6 4 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 3 9 6 E 0 . 4 1 1 1 . 9 0 1 7 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 7 . 1 9 3 . 0 2 0 . 7 8 1 2 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 1 0 0 . 0 4 9 1 . 2 9 1 5 - 3 5 1 2 0 . 6 6 1 2 . 7 8 1 5 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 9 . 0 3 4 . 3 1 0 . 6 2 1 3 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 2 2 0 . 1 5 9 3 . 8 8 2 E 0 . 3 8 1 2 . 7 7 1 4 . 4 9 0 . 3 0 6 . 9 6 3 . 8 8 0 . 4 1 1 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 3 3 9 . 0 4 0 . 3 4 9 1 . 8 5 3 E 0 . 3 9 1 2 . 7 5 1 4 . 3 7 0 . 2 5 6 . 9 9 4 . 4 2 0 . 4 5 1 3 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 4 0 0 . 4 2 9 1 . 0 7 4 E 0 . 3 4 1 2 . 4 5 1 4 . 6 4 0 . 3 3 7 . 4 9 3 . 9 6 0 . 4 4 1 3 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 9 5 0 . 1 4 9 1 . 6 1 5 E 0 . 4 4 1 1 . 9 6 1 4 . 4 5 0 . 3 5 7 . 4 3 4 . 0 1 0 . 4 6 1 3 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 3 9 . 5 3 0 . 1 0 9 2 . 3 1 6 E 0 . 5 5 1 2 . 8 8 1 5 . 6 0 0 . 2 6 7 . 5 4 4 . 3 3 0 . 4 1 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 2 4 0 . 2 3 9 4 . 2 4 A 5 - 5 8 1 E 0 . 3 7 1 3 . 0 5 1 5 . 4 2 0 . 0 4 8 . 6 3 4 . 6 5 0 . 4 9 1 3 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 9 6 0 . 3 9 9 4 . 5 1 2 E 0 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 8 1 5 . 0 8 0 . 1 1 8 . 5 5 5 . 0 6 0 . 5 9 1 3 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 5 3 0 . 2 5 9 5 . 0 5 3 E 0 . 7 7 1 3 . 5 3 1 4 . 5 9 0 . 0 3 8 . 0 1 6 . 9 6 0 . 2 6 1 1 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 6 1 . 8 7 9 3 . 3 7 4 2 0 . 5 0 1 3 . 1 5 1 5 . 2 2 0 . 0 4 8 . 4 9 5 . 2 3 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 3 7 . 1 3 0 . 7 1 9 5 . 1 6 A 5 - 6 3 1 E 0 . 7 7 1 4 . 9 0 1 4 . 7 0 0 . 0 4 7 . 9 7 6 . 9 7 0 . 1 6 1 2 . 2 7 0 . 0 4 3 5 . 5 2 3 . 1 6 9 6 . 5 0 2 B 0 . 8 6 1 4 . 9 8 1 4 . 4 2 0 . 0 4 7 . 7 6 7 . 0 5 0 . 2 1 1 2 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 6 1 3 . 1 0 9 5 . 4 6 3 E 0 . 7 0 1 4 . 3 5 1 4 . 5 8 0 . 0 8 7 . 6 8 7 . 1 8 0 . 2 0 1 2 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 8 8 2 . 5 4 9 4 . 8 2 4 E 0 . 8 1 1 4 . 6 3 1 4 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 8 8 7 . 0 8 0 . 2 0 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 6 9 2 . 6 8 9 4 . 9 4 5 E 0 . 8 3 1 4 . 3 6 1 4 3 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 7 6 6 . 8 0 0 . 1 0 1 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 4 9 3 . 6 1 9 4 . 1 9 A 5 - 6 9 1 E 0 . 8 9 1 4 . 8 9 1 4 . 7 6 0 . 0 2 7 . 8 6 7 . 0 7 0 . 2 0 1 2 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 6 9 2 . 7 7 9 5 . 3 8 2 a 0 . 8 0 1 4 . 9 8 1 4 . 2 2 0 . 0 4 7 . 8 3 6 . 8 7 0 . 2 4 1 2 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 0 0 3 . 3 5 9 5 . 0 4 3 E 0 . 7 4 1 4 . 0 7 1 3 . 9 2 0 . 0 4 7 . 5 7 6 . 7 0 0 . 2 0 1 1 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 3 2 . 8 4 2 . 7 4 9 0 . 6 2 4 E 0 . 7 7 1 4 . 4 0 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 2 8 . 1 8 6 . 7 7 0 . 1 9 1 1 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 3 4 1 . 7 1 9 4 . 2 2 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 5 B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 9 P e n . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 I 9 0 0 1 0 £ 2 0 T 1 0 2 I b o F e O N 1 0 8 1 0 2 B a O T o t a l A 5 - 7 1 l E 0 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 9 1 4 . 3 4 0 . 0 5 7 . 9 7 5 . 5 6 0 . 4 3 1 3 . 5 8 0 . 0 3 3 5 . 9 5 0 . 3 2 9 2 . 5 9 2 E 0 . 6 0 1 3 . 5 0 1 4 . 8 7 0 . 2 3 7 . 6 7 5 . 3 8 0 . 4 4 1 3 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 9 2 . 7 1 3 E 0 . 2 9 1 3 . 3 1 1 5 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 7 . 8 9 4 . 5 6 0 . 4 8 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 3 3 6 . 9 3 0 . 0 2 9 2 . 0 1 4 E 0 . 6 3 1 4 . 0 5 1 4 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 7 . 6 6 5 . 3 0 0 . 4 8 1 3 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 6 . 2 8 0 . 1 0 9 2 . 4 3 5 E 0 . 5 6 1 3 . 7 1 1 4 . 3 1 0 . 0 3 7 . 7 3 5 . 6 5 0 . 4 6 1 3 . 6 7 0 . 0 4 3 5 . 5 4 0 . 3 4 9 2 . 0 4 6 E 0 . 6 8 1 4 . 1 8 1 4 . 5 7 0 . 0 4 8 . 0 4 5 . 5 5 0 . 3 9 1 3 . 6 0 0 . 0 6 3 4 . 6 9 0 . 2 1 9 2 . 0 1 7 E 0 . 6 8 1 3 . 8 7 1 4 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 7 . 7 7 5 . 5 1 0 . 4 0 1 3 . 1 9 0 . 0 6 3 6 . 6 2 0 . 0 3 9 2 . 5 4 8 E 0 . 7 4 1 3 . 6 4 1 4 . 1 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 6 5 5 . 8 4 0 . 4 3 1 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 4 3 6 . 2 0 0 . 3 1 9 2 . 2 2 9 E 0 . 6 7 1 3 . 5 6 1 3 . 9 5 0 . 0 6 7 . 3 1 6 . 1 6 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 9 5 0 . 0 3 3 4 . 8 6 0 . 9 5 9 0 . 8 3 1 0 E 0 . 7 2 1 4 . 9 4 1 4 . 1 1 0 . 0 1 6 . 9 0 6 . 3 8 0 . 2 7 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 3 5 . 1 3 2 . 2 4 9 3 . 7 3 A 5 - 7 2 1 E 0 . 7 5 1 4 . 5 2 1 4 . 5 9 0 . 0 3 7 . 4 7 6 . 4 3 0 . 2 4 1 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 2 6 1 . 3 7 9 4 . 4 3 2 E 0 . 7 2 1 4 . 9 0 1 4 . 5 5 0 . 0 6 7 . 4 3 6 . 6 1 0 . 2 3 1 2 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 1 6 2 . 2 1 9 5 . 8 5 3 E 0 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 7 1 3 . 9 7 0 . 0 1 6 . 9 9 6 . 5 5 0 . 2 6 1 3 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 8 4 2 . 4 6 9 3 . 6 0 4 E 0 . 5 6 1 4 . 6 5 1 3 . 9 1 0 . 0 2 6 . 9 5 6 . 4 2 0 . 2 8 1 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 3 3 . 9 4 1 . 7 1 9 1 . 6 9 5 E 0 . 7 2 1 4 . 7 6 1 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 5 7 . 5 9 6 . 0 1 0 . 2 0 1 2 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 3 6 . 7 5 0 . 3 2 9 4 . 4 1 A 5 - 7 5 1 E 0 . 9 5 1 5 . 2 0 1 4 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 6 . 6 7 6 . 5 2 0 . 1 0 1 1 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 3 4 2 . 7 9 9 3 . 3 2 2 E 0 . 8 0 1 5 . 1 0 1 3 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 6 . 5 9 6 . 0 2 0 . 1 6 1 2 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 6 1 2 . 5 0 9 1 . 8 6 3 E 1 . 0 1 1 5 . 4 8 1 5 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 6 . 6 4 6 . 3 8 0 . 2 9 1 2 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 2 3 2 . 7 6 9 5 . 2 5 4 E 0 . 9 6 1 4 . 5 5 1 5 . 4 4 0 . 0 3 6 . 8 4 6 . 1 4 0 . 1 6 1 1 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 7 8 1 . 3 7 9 3 . 0 0 5 E 0 . 8 0 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 6 . 4 8 5 . 9 4 0 . 1 4 1 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 5 6 2 . 4 0 9 2 . 0 7 6 E 0 . 9 2 1 5 . 4 3 1 5 . 5 0 0 . 0 2 6 . 6 6 6 . 3 0 0 . 1 8 1 1 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 3 4 . 6 1 4 . 0 2 9 5 . 5 9 7 E 0 . 8 2 1 5 . 0 4 1 4 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 6 . 6 0 6 . 4 4 0 . 1 8 1 2 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 3 5 . 1 1 2 . 6 8 9 4 . 1 8 1 2 1 - 1 8 1 E 0 . 6 2 1 2 . 2 0 1 6 . 5 8 0 . 0 2 7 . 4 1 2 . 7 5 0 . 8 3 1 2 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 5 3 2 E 0 . 6 1 1 2 . 5 4 1 6 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 7 . 7 8 2 . 7 5 0 . 9 0 1 2 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 3 9 3 E 0 . 5 8 1 2 . 3 5 1 6 . 7 1 0 . 0 5 7 . 5 0 2 . 8 3 0 . 8 0 1 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 3 9 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 6 9 4 E 0 . 5 0 1 3 . 4 7 1 5 . 2 4 0 . 0 5 7 . 2 2 2 . 6 2 0 . 8 9 1 1 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 8 9 . 9 4 5 E 0 . 5 2 1 2 . 4 8 1 6 . 8 0 0 . 0 2 7 . 8 7 2 . 9 3 0 . 8 9 1 2 . 6 6 0 . 0 2 3 8 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 5 5 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 6 B I O T I T E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P e a . N a 2 0 M g O A 1 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 x 2 0 C a O B a o T 1 0 2 M n O 8 . 0 T o t a l 1 4 - 7 0 1 C 0 . 6 7 1 6 . 4 2 1 3 . 3 9 3 8 . 2 5 9 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 4 . 5 0 0 . 5 6 1 4 . 7 0 9 7 . 9 1 2 E 0 . 6 0 1 6 . 3 7 1 3 . 4 1 3 8 . 0 0 9 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 4 . 3 2 0 . 5 7 1 4 . 5 0 9 7 . 1 9 3 0 . 6 2 1 5 . 6 4 1 3 . 9 1 3 6 . 4 7 8 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 7 4 . 6 3 0 . 5 6 1 4 . 8 4 9 6 . 7 9 A 5 - 9 1 C 0 . 4 9 1 5 . 3 8 1 3 . 4 7 3 5 . 3 0 7 . 4 0 0 . 2 3 0 . 5 3 4 . 3 5 0 . 4 9 1 3 . 1 4 9 0 . 7 8 2 C 0 . 3 7 1 4 . 9 5 1 3 . 4 5 3 7 . 8 9 6 . 9 8 0 . 1 8 0 . 5 0 4 . 4 2 0 . 5 0 1 2 . 9 8 9 2 . 2 0 3 E 0 . 4 0 1 5 . 8 3 1 2 . 9 4 3 7 . 5 1 6 . 5 6 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 8 4 . 2 5 0 . 3 7 1 1 . 9 1 9 0 . 2 8 4 E 0 . 6 8 1 5 . 6 0 1 3 . 3 2 3 6 . 5 0 8 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 0 4 . 9 6 0 . 5 1 1 4 . 0 6 9 5 . 6 3 A 5 - 2 9 1 C 0 . 6 5 1 7 . 0 6 1 2 . 9 7 3 7 . 8 2 9 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 3 . 2 0 0 . 9 7 1 2 . 8 5 9 4 . 8 5 2 E 0 . 6 4 1 8 . 7 0 1 2 . 3 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 1 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 . 6 1 0 . 8 8 1 1 . 7 6 9 5 . 7 3 3 E 0 . 6 2 1 6 . 7 7 1 3 . 2 5 3 7 . 9 4 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 3 . 9 2 0 . 9 2 1 2 . 9 6 9 5 . 7 7 4 E 0 . 6 3 1 8 . 9 7 1 2 . 5 0 3 9 . 7 0 8 . 7 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 2 . 8 2 0 . 8 3 1 1 . 4 4 9 5 . 7 1 A 5 - 3 0 1 E 0 . 5 8 1 5 . 1 8 1 4 . 5 1 3 4 . 4 4 6 . 8 8 0 . 1 6 1 . 9 2 6 . 4 8 0 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 9 9 2 . 8 9 2 E 0 . 4 5 1 4 . 9 6 1 3 . 8 2 3 5 . 0 1 6 . 6 6 0 . 2 7 0 . 8 4 6 . 2 9 0 . 2 8 1 2 . 1 5 9 0 . 7 3 3 C 0 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 5 1 4 . 7 2 3 5 . 6 4 8 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 2 6 . 6 7 0 . 3 9 1 3 . 7 2 9 6 . 5 2 A 5 - 3 1 1 E 0 . 6 5 1 6 . 1 5 1 5 . 2 7 3 5 . 9 0 6 . 5 3 0 . 2 6 1 . 7 5 6 . 2 0 0 . 1 7 1 1 . 7 5 9 4 . 6 2 2 0 . 7 1 1 6 . 2 4 1 5 . 1 3 3 5 . 6 8 6 . 8 5 0 . 2 1 1 . 9 6 6 . 0 4 0 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 0 9 4 . 0 5 C 0 . 8 9 1 6 . 6 0 1 5 . 5 9 3 6 . 2 7 7 . 6 3 0 . 0 2 2 . 2 5 6 . 3 6 0 . 1 3 1 1 . 9 7 9 7 . 7 1 A 5 - 3 7 1 E 0 . 6 9 1 7 . 2 1 1 3 . 2 6 3 8 . 2 3 8 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 9 3 . 6 5 0 . 8 1 1 2 . 4 7 9 5 . 4 5 2 E 0 . 3 3 1 6 . 0 3 1 2 . 8 7 3 9 . 1 2 7 . 3 6 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 2 2 . 5 5 1 . 2 8 1 1 . 1 1 9 0 . 8 9 3 E 0 . 4 0 1 8 . 2 3 1 1 . 7 5 3 8 . 6 9 7 . 8 4 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 2 . 6 6 0 . 7 3 1 1 . 0 5 9 1 . 5 0 A 5 - 6 8 1 E 0 . 6 8 1 7 . 3 3 1 3 . 2 2 3 8 . 3 5 8 . 6 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 8 3 . 9 1 0 . 5 3 1 2 . 6 8 9 5 . 4 5 2 E 0 . 5 6 1 6 . 5 4 1 2 . 9 5 3 7 . 0 5 7 . 6 4 0 . 2 3 0 . 1 7 4 . 0 4 0 . 5 1 1 3 . 1 8 9 2 . 8 7 3 B 0 . 6 5 1 7 . 0 0 1 3 . 2 6 3 7 . 7 7 8 . 9 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 5 3 . 9 9 0 . 5 9 1 3 . 1 7 9 5 . 5 3 A 5 - 7 9 1 E 0 . 6 2 1 8 . 6 1 1 2 . 3 4 3 9 . 9 5 9 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 7 9 0 . 9 0 1 1 . 9 7 9 6 . 2 2 2 E 0 . 3 9 1 8 . 0 9 1 2 . 1 6 3 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 9 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 . 6 7 0 . 8 6 1 2 . 2 1 9 3 . 7 3 8 3 E 0 . 5 8 1 7 . 8 6 1 1 . 6 1 3 8 . 1 6 9 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 2 . 6 7 0 . 7 9 1 2 . 3 1 9 3 . 0 7 4 B 0 . 6 9 1 9 . 3 5 1 2 . 6 8 4 0 . 2 9 9 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 7 5 0 . 8 5 1 2 . 4 0 9 8 . 1 5 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 8 7 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r s a m p l e G r a i n 3 F o o . N a 2 0 A 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O K 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O F e O N 1 0 8 1 0 2 S a c T o t a l R 8 - 2 5 1 E 0 . 5 5 1 . 3 0 1 3 . 5 0 2 1 . 4 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 9 8 8 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 9 0 . 1 4 9 8 . 8 4 1 C 0 . 5 5 1 . 8 8 1 3 . 9 3 2 1 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 7 8 8 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 6 1 0 0 . 0 3 2 E 0 . 4 8 0 . 7 4 1 4 . 1 6 2 0 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 1 . 2 5 8 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 6 0 . 1 2 9 8 . 4 7 2 C 0 . 5 1 1 . 1 5 1 3 . 7 1 2 1 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 8 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 5 2 0 . 1 7 9 9 . 0 1 3 E 0 . 4 7 0 . 8 1 1 4 . 3 0 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 5 1 . 1 8 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 8 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 4 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 2 5 1 3 . 9 2 2 1 . 3 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 9 0 . 9 5 8 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 5 3 0 . 0 4 9 9 . 5 8 4 C 0 . 5 3 0 . 9 8 1 4 . 1 1 2 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 8 1 . 1 7 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 8 0 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 0 0 5 E 0 . 6 3 1 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 5 2 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 7 3 8 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 4 0 0 . 1 1 9 8 . 3 5 6 E 0 . 6 9 2 . 2 7 1 3 . 1 5 2 1 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 8 4 9 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 2 1 0 . 1 8 9 9 . 1 9 7 E 0 . 4 4 0 . 8 9 1 4 . 4 5 2 0 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 1 . 2 3 8 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 0 4 9 7 . 2 9 8 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 1 1 1 3 . 8 1 2 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 1 . 1 4 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 8 4 0 . 0 4 9 8 . 6 9 9 E 0 . 6 2 1 . 8 6 1 4 . 0 0 2 1 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 9 3 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 6 0 . 2 3 9 9 . 3 6 1 0 B 0 . 6 6 1 . 6 0 1 3 . 9 4 2 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 0 . 8 4 8 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 8 4 1 1 E 0 . 6 3 1 . 3 9 1 4 . 0 9 2 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 8 8 8 . 0 6 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 2 8 1 2 E 0 . 6 4 1 . 5 4 1 4 . 0 8 2 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 2 0 . 8 5 8 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 3 1 0 . 0 9 9 9 . 8 2 1 3 E 0 . 5 8 1 . 2 7 1 3 . 7 4 2 1 . 6 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 8 7 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 6 9 0 . 1 2 9 9 . 5 0 R 8 - 4 4 1 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 8 4 1 4 . 3 2 2 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 3 0 . 8 2 8 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 4 3 2 E 0 . 4 6 0 . 6 9 1 4 . 1 8 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 1 5 8 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 4 2 C 0 . 4 8 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 3 7 2 1 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 . 2 3 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 3 3 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 6 0 1 3 . 4 9 2 3 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 7 5 8 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 5 7 4 E 1 . 0 4 0 . 7 6 1 4 . 3 6 2 2 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 1 . 2 9 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 5 3 5 E 0 . 6 1 0 . 8 0 1 3 . 8 0 2 2 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 1 . 2 8 8 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 4 6 E 0 . 5 3 2 . 1 0 1 3 . 9 1 2 1 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 7 2 9 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 . 1 5 6 C 0 . 4 4 1 . 7 1 1 3 . 8 4 2 1 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 7 6 8 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 3 7 E 0 . 5 4 1 . 4 2 1 3 . 7 3 2 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 8 9 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 7 7 C 0 . 5 6 1 . 3 7 1 3 . 7 1 2 1 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 9 5 8 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 5 9 8 E 1 . 0 4 0 . 7 6 1 4 . 3 6 2 2 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 1 . 2 9 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 5 3 9 C 0 . 6 7 1 . 2 1 1 4 . 6 9 2 1 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 1 . 0 4 8 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 5 4 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 . 2 7 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 & H 3 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P o a . v . 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 M g O C a O x 2 0 T 1 0 2 u n o F e O N 1 0 8 1 0 2 B a O T o t a l n a - 4 s 1 E 0 . 6 4 2 . 1 3 1 3 . 7 9 2 1 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 0 . 7 9 8 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 5 7 2 E 0 . 6 1 1 . 3 3 1 3 . 8 0 2 1 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 8 3 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 9 7 2 c 0 . 6 3 1 . 9 6 1 3 . 3 1 2 1 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 7 7 8 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 9 1 0 . 0 7 9 9 . 7 5 3 E 0 . 7 1 1 . 6 3 1 4 . 0 4 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 9 6 8 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 7 9 4 e 0 . 6 1 2 . 0 0 1 4 . 2 9 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 7 0 . 7 1 8 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 0 6 5 a 0 . 5 7 1 . 8 5 1 4 . 2 4 2 1 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 3 0 . 7 8 8 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 6 1 0 0 . 3 1 6 a 0 . 5 5 1 . 9 6 1 3 . 9 0 2 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 7 0 8 . 5 5 0 . 0 4 5 1 . 6 7 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 7 5 6 c 0 . 6 4 2 . 4 3 1 3 . 1 0 2 1 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 3 9 . 0 7 0 . 2 2 5 1 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 8 1 7 E 0 . 6 1 1 . 6 2 1 4 . 0 9 2 1 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 8 4 8 . 3 3 0 . 0 3 5 3 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 5 5 7 c 0 . 6 6 2 . 0 6 1 3 . 9 8 2 0 9 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 9 2 8 . 2 6 0 . 0 3 5 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 2 9 9 . 8 4 8 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 2 1 1 4 . 1 6 2 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 5 8 . 2 8 0 . 0 3 5 3 . 1 3 1 . 8 6 1 0 1 . 6 1 8 c 0 . 5 7 1 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 5 2 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 0 5 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 4 5 3 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 4 0 9 a 0 . 6 6 2 . 0 5 1 3 . 9 9 2 1 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 8 7 8 . 8 3 0 . 0 3 5 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 8 9 1 0 E 0 . 6 9 1 . 6 1 1 3 . 5 9 1 9 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 1 . 3 0 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 3 5 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 4 0 1 1 a 0 . 5 9 1 . 2 5 1 3 . 4 3 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 2 8 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 6 4 3 1 1 - 5 1 e 0 . 5 6 1 . 6 1 1 4 . 1 5 2 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 4 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 2 5 1 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 5 5 2 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 8 0 1 3 . 7 2 2 1 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 2 8 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 6 9 3 B 0 . 6 1 1 . 6 6 1 4 . 1 8 2 0 9 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 5 6 8 . 0 1 0 . 0 4 5 1 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 6 4 E 0 . 5 1 1 . 6 3 1 3 . 8 4 2 1 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 9 7 . 9 9 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 7 2 4 c 0 . 5 2 1 . 6 4 1 3 . 9 9 2 1 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 5 8 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 5 2 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 4 8 5 a 0 . 6 0 2 . 1 4 1 3 . 4 5 2 1 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 8 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 4 6 a 0 . 6 2 2 . 0 6 1 3 . 5 9 2 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 4 8 . 1 9 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 8 9 7 . 2 1 6 c 0 . 5 9 1 . 5 9 1 4 . 0 0 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 1 0 . 6 8 7 . 8 9 0 . 0 4 5 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 0 2 7 s 0 . 5 5 1 . 8 2 1 3 . 9 3 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 3 8 . 2 2 0 . 0 1 5 2 . 1 3 2 . 0 8 1 0 0 . 9 6 8 E 0 . 5 5 1 . 6 9 1 3 . 8 5 2 2 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 0 8 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 4 8 9 E 0 . 5 0 1 . 7 6 1 4 . 0 7 2 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 7 0 8 . 1 6 0 . 0 4 5 2 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 3 8 1 0 B 0 . 5 2 1 . 5 8 1 4 . 3 8 2 1 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 6 0 8 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 6 5 1 1 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 7 9 1 4 . 4 1 2 1 . 7 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 5 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 8 0 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 6 6 m o m o n o m o N N W A - I ‘ o m U ‘ O J x D m o m o m o C m o O D \ H o H m o n o m o w m o H m H m o I w — b r m a m — r q H o H o H m o m o m o m o m o m o H m n o m o 2 8 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 4 F o o . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 u g o C a O x z o T 1 0 2 u h o r o o N 1 0 8 1 0 2 B a O T o t a l R 2 3 - 1 3 1 . 6 2 1 . 0 6 1 4 . 2 3 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 1 . 1 0 8 . 4 4 0 . 0 3 5 3 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 . 5 7 1 . 2 2 1 3 . 8 6 2 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 0 . 8 1 8 . 2 8 0 . 0 1 5 3 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 3 . 6 2 0 . 7 3 1 3 . 4 9 2 1 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 1 . 2 4 9 . 4 2 0 . 0 4 5 3 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 2 . 6 0 1 . 0 4 1 3 . 8 2 2 1 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 1 . 0 6 8 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 5 3 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 7 6 . 5 6 1 . 0 0 1 4 . 3 6 2 1 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 1 8 8 . 6 6 0 . 0 2 5 3 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 5 7 . 7 1 1 . 7 3 1 3 . 9 4 2 1 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 9 3 8 . 6 0 0 . 2 0 5 2 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 8 . 5 8 1 . 2 5 1 3 . 9 1 2 1 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 1 . 1 2 8 . 4 7 0 . 0 3 5 3 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 7 5 . 5 1 0 . 8 0 1 4 . 5 7 2 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 . 4 7 8 . 9 6 0 . 0 3 5 4 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 2 . 0 6 . 5 5 1 . 1 1 1 4 . 1 9 2 1 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 0 0 8 . 7 7 0 . 0 6 5 3 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 . 2 3 . 6 0 1 . 4 9 1 3 . 6 1 2 1 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 0 . 9 5 8 . 9 2 0 . 0 2 5 3 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 8 0 . 4 9 1 . 1 7 1 4 . 3 9 2 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 0 . 6 9 8 . 0 7 0 . 0 3 5 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 5 1 0 0 . 0 4 . 6 5 1 . 2 2 1 4 . 1 2 1 9 . 5 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 3 1 . 5 4 9 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 5 8 . 5 9 0 . 9 2 1 4 . 3 0 2 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 1 1 . 1 5 8 . 1 6 0 . 7 1 5 3 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 4 2 . 6 5 1 . 2 3 1 3 . 8 7 2 1 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 9 2 8 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 5 7 . 6 2 1 . 3 0 1 3 . 9 9 2 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 0 0 . 9 5 8 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 3 1 . 6 2 1 . 3 6 1 4 . 0 8 2 1 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 9 0 . 7 8 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 3 . 5 5 1 . 4 2 1 4 . 0 5 2 1 . 1 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 9 5 7 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 7 . 5 8 1 . 4 2 1 3 . 5 6 2 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 9 2 8 . 2 9 0 . 4 4 5 2 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 6 5 . 5 4 1 . 1 1 1 3 . 9 1 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 3 1 . 0 4 8 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 1 1 . 5 7 1 . 3 3 1 3 . 9 7 2 1 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 0 0 8 . 4 3 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 6 7 0 . 1 0 9 9 . 7 4 . 5 6 1 . 0 5 1 3 . 6 1 2 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 . 1 6 8 . 3 7 0 . 0 6 5 2 . 9 8 0 . 1 0 9 9 . 5 5 . 5 3 2 . 0 9 1 3 . 3 9 2 2 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 7 7 8 . 4 4 0 . 0 3 5 1 . 2 3 0 . 1 0 9 9 . 1 0 H \ D R 2 3 - 2 4 l E 0 . 5 5 1 . 8 3 1 4 . 2 9 2 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 5 9 7 . 9 3 0 . 7 3 5 1 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 5 3 2 E 0 . 4 7 1 . 8 1 1 4 . 2 4 2 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 5 6 8 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 0 1 3 E 0 . 5 1 1 . 5 3 1 4 . 4 9 2 1 . 8 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 6 0 . 8 3 8 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 2 9 0 . 0 6 1 0 0 . 0 0 4 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 8 5 1 3 . 8 3 2 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 6 0 8 . 4 0 0 . 0 3 5 1 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 6 4 C 0 . 7 5 2 . 2 2 1 3 . 6 8 2 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 7 0 8 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 3 2 5 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 9 4 1 4 . 3 9 2 1 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 6 7 8 . 0 9 0 . 0 6 5 2 . 4 3 0 . 0 4 1 0 0 . 2 7 5 C 0 . 6 3 1 . 6 4 1 4 . 0 8 2 1 . 3 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 7 8 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 9 0 0 . 1 2 9 8 . 8 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 0 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P o a . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 M g O C a O x 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O T o o N 1 0 5 1 0 2 B a 0 T o t a l R 2 3 - 2 6 1 E 0 . 5 1 1 . 2 2 1 4 . 1 1 2 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 9 3 8 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 9 7 2 E 0 . 5 0 1 . 1 4 1 3 . 7 1 2 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 0 9 8 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 9 1 2 c 0 . 6 3 1 . 5 4 1 3 . 8 5 2 1 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 0 . 8 9 8 . 2 0 0 . 0 3 5 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 8 8 3 E 0 . 6 2 1 . 8 8 1 3 . 6 4 2 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 8 4 8 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 0 4 3 c 0 . 6 1 2 . 0 1 1 3 . 6 2 2 1 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 9 0 . 8 7 8 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 8 2 9 9 . 0 6 4 2 0 . 6 6 1 . 3 6 1 4 . 3 0 2 1 . 2 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 8 3 8 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 1 7 4 c 0 . 5 9 1 . 5 7 1 3 . 9 7 2 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 0 . 6 4 7 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 2 0 5 E 0 . 4 8 1 . 2 3 1 3 . 8 3 2 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 7 1 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 0 0 6 E 0 . 6 1 1 . 6 3 1 3 . 9 0 2 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 6 8 8 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 7 6 7 a 0 . 6 9 1 . 3 4 1 3 . 9 2 2 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 0 4 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 0 7 7 c 0 . 6 8 1 . 2 6 1 3 . 6 5 2 1 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 7 1 . 2 4 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 4 1 8 E 0 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 3 . 1 1 2 1 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 9 6 8 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 8 3 9 E 0 . 5 5 1 . 0 9 1 3 . 9 2 2 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 0 5 8 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 3 2 1 0 E 0 . 7 6 1 . 4 7 1 3 . 7 0 2 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 2 1 . 2 3 9 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 4 4 0 . 0 8 9 9 . 8 0 1 1 E 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 9 1 7 . 4 7 1 2 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 5 3 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 5 1 2 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 2 4 1 3 . 5 6 2 1 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 0 1 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 6 3 1 3 E 0 . 6 0 1 . 6 1 1 4 . 1 1 2 1 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 9 1 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 7 4 1 4 E 0 . 6 1 1 . 0 1 1 4 . 7 1 2 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 0 3 8 . 4 6 0 . 0 2 5 2 . 5 5 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 2 5 1 5 E 0 . 6 7 1 . 2 0 1 3 . 6 4 2 1 . 3 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 9 1 . 0 3 8 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 4 2 3 2 1 - 1 1 E 0 . 6 5 1 . 5 7 1 3 . 7 5 1 8 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 . 0 0 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 9 0 1 c 0 . 5 8 1 . 4 5 1 3 . 4 5 1 7 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 1 3 8 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 6 2 0 . 0 3 9 2 . 5 4 2 E 0 . 4 9 1 . 1 6 1 3 . 1 7 1 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 7 8 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 8 0 0 . 0 3 9 2 . 4 0 2 c 0 . 5 9 1 . 0 4 1 3 . 6 0 1 7 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 1 8 8 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 8 0 3 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 3 5 1 3 . 7 2 1 8 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 2 0 . 7 9 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 4 9 3 . 7 3 4 E 0 . 6 0 1 . 1 5 1 3 . 9 6 1 7 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 0 . 9 6 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 7 4 4 c 0 . 4 8 1 . 3 0 1 4 . 8 4 1 5 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 . 5 0 1 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 1 3 5 E 0 . 6 1 1 . 4 3 1 4 . 2 5 1 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 8 8 7 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 6 0 5 c 0 . 6 1 1 . 7 1 1 3 . 6 8 1 8 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 8 0 8 . 0 4 0 . 1 8 5 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 2 5 6 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 0 4 1 3 . 7 4 1 8 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 7 8 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 1 7 0 . 0 2 9 4 . 8 1 7 E 0 . 4 1 0 . 5 9 1 4 . 4 0 1 7 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 0 . 4 8 8 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 4 6 0 . 0 7 9 4 . 2 6 8 E 0 . 4 6 1 . 2 0 1 3 . 2 2 1 7 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 0 9 8 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 2 3 8 c 0 . 5 7 1 . 4 0 1 3 . 7 8 1 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 0 . 9 9 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 4 7 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 3 7 3 2 1 - 5 1 E 0 . 5 3 0 . 8 5 1 4 . 2 3 1 6 . 9 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 2 1 . 2 7 8 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 4 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 1 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p L a G r a i n 9 P e a . N a 2 0 A 1 2 0 3 M g O C a O K 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O F o o N 1 0 8 1 0 2 S a c T o t a l A 5 - 3 5 1 E 0 . 6 6 0 . 8 0 1 3 . 5 3 2 1 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 1 . 4 9 8 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 9 2 0 . 0 3 9 7 . 0 4 1 C 0 . 5 9 0 . 7 1 1 3 . 3 6 2 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 2 . 1 6 8 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 3 7 2 E 0 . 4 4 0 . 9 1 1 4 . 6 3 2 2 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 6 8 7 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 8 2 C 0 . 4 1 1 . 0 2 1 4 . 2 6 2 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 1 . 0 7 8 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 9 7 2 . 1 3 9 9 . 7 2 3 E 0 . 5 9 0 . 9 5 1 3 . 8 8 2 1 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 . 5 8 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 3 9 8 . 0 8 3 C 0 . 6 7 1 . 0 7 1 3 . 4 1 2 1 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 2 0 . 9 9 8 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 9 3 0 . 0 6 9 6 . 3 2 4 E 0 . 6 4 0 . 7 8 1 2 . 7 9 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 0 1 . 7 0 8 . 7 1 0 . 0 4 5 1 . 0 2 0 . 0 9 9 6 . 7 2 5 E 0 . 4 6 0 . 7 3 1 3 . 5 3 2 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 7 1 . 5 5 8 . 2 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 4 9 6 . 4 1 6 E 0 . 4 2 0 . 9 2 1 4 . 8 8 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 9 0 8 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 4 7 . 8 9 0 . 0 3 9 4 . 5 8 7 E 0 . 5 3 0 . 8 7 1 4 . 3 3 2 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 1 . 4 7 8 . 2 5 0 . 0 3 5 1 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 3 4 8 C 0 . 6 7 1 . 5 3 1 3 . 6 6 2 1 . 3 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 0 1 . 0 9 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 5 4 9 . 6 7 0 . 0 4 9 6 . 2 1 A S - S B 1 E 0 . 6 1 0 . 6 7 1 2 . 8 8 2 1 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 1 . 5 1 8 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 9 9 5 . 8 2 1 C 0 . 6 4 0 . 7 8 1 3 . 4 3 2 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 8 1 . 4 7 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 5 3 0 . 0 8 9 7 . 7 8 2 B 0 . 6 3 0 . 9 8 1 3 . 7 3 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 1 . 5 8 8 . 0 5 0 . 0 4 5 1 . 7 6 0 . 0 2 9 7 . 8 9 2 C 0 . 6 3 1 . 1 0 1 4 . 4 9 2 0 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 4 3 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 4 3 E 0 . 7 6 1 . 1 5 1 3 . 5 1 2 1 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 3 4 8 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 0 2 4 E 0 . 6 6 0 . 9 5 1 3 . 1 5 2 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 8 1 . 4 9 7 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 3 9 6 . 7 7 5 E 0 . 6 6 0 . 7 6 1 3 . 5 9 2 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 6 7 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 2 5 1 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 9 4 6 E 0 . 6 6 0 . 7 6 1 3 . 1 9 2 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 0 1 . 9 9 8 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 5 1 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 8 4 7 E 0 . 6 2 0 . 9 6 1 2 . 8 8 2 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 . 5 9 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 5 5 8 E 0 . 6 7 1 . 1 5 1 2 . 2 8 2 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 9 1 . 8 4 8 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 9 3 0 . 4 3 9 6 . 7 2 9 E 0 . 4 7 0 . 8 4 1 4 . 4 7 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 1 . 0 1 8 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 9 3 1 0 E 0 . 7 0 0 . 8 5 1 3 . 5 4 2 1 . 5 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 9 1 . 3 2 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 8 1 1 0 C 0 . 6 8 0 . 7 9 1 3 . 6 2 2 1 . 7 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 3 1 . 3 4 8 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 9 4 1 1 E 0 . 6 3 0 . 8 5 1 3 . 9 7 2 1 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 1 1 . 4 4 8 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 1 0 . 0 5 9 8 . 3 9 1 2 E 0 . 4 3 0 . 7 1 1 5 . 0 3 1 9 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 0 . 9 1 7 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 0 4 A 5 - 6 3 1 E 0 . 5 7 2 . 1 0 1 5 . 2 7 2 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 0 . 5 7 0 . 5 4 7 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 9 9 8 . 6 2 1 C 0 . 5 5 2 . 1 6 1 5 . 1 3 2 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 3 0 . 5 0 7 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 3 0 0 . 0 6 9 8 . 4 5 2 E 0 . 6 5 2 . 8 8 1 3 . 7 2 2 0 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 6 0 . 7 0 7 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 1 9 0 . 0 5 9 6 . 4 3 3 E 0 . 5 8 2 . 0 2 1 4 . 5 7 2 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 3 0 . 7 4 7 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 4 7 . 3 4 0 . 1 5 9 4 . 4 3 4 E 0 . 5 5 1 . 8 8 1 4 . 8 8 2 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 4 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 6 0 1 . 3 6 9 6 . 5 5 5 E 0 . 6 2 1 . 9 4 1 5 . 0 7 2 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 7 0 . 6 6 7 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 9 4 0 . 0 8 9 5 . 9 4 5 C 0 . 5 1 2 . 7 1 1 4 . 5 6 2 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 7 0 . 5 1 7 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 8 7 6 E 0 . 5 6 2 . 1 0 1 4 . 6 1 2 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 6 7 7 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 4 4 0 . 8 3 9 8 . 0 7 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 2 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 9 P o o . N a 2 0 A 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O £ 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O F e O N 1 0 8 1 0 2 S a c T o t a l A 5 - 6 9 1 E 0 . 6 1 2 . 5 8 1 4 . 9 8 2 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 7 7 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 6 1 0 . 2 0 9 8 . 4 9 2 E 0 . 5 3 2 . 1 1 1 5 . 2 6 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 6 0 . 5 6 7 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 9 5 0 . 0 8 9 6 . 6 6 3 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 9 1 1 4 . 9 5 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 3 0 . 6 1 7 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 8 1 0 . 1 6 9 7 . 1 9 4 E 0 . 5 5 1 . 5 5 1 4 . 4 1 2 0 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 6 7 7 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 6 6 0 . 0 8 9 5 . 7 8 5 E 0 . 5 8 1 . 1 8 1 4 . 2 8 2 1 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 1 . 1 4 7 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 1 9 6 . 6 1 6 E 0 . 4 9 2 . 2 0 1 4 . 3 9 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 9 0 . 4 8 7 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 4 7 . 8 3 0 . 1 7 9 3 . 7 8 7 E 0 . 6 6 2 . 3 1 1 4 . 8 4 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 9 0 . 7 2 7 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 7 7 0 . 0 8 9 6 . 0 3 A 5 - 7 l 1 E 0 . 6 8 1 . 7 8 1 4 . 0 8 1 8 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 8 1 7 . 4 1 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 9 5 1 C 0 . 6 1 1 . 7 2 1 4 . 2 2 1 9 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 7 2 7 . 4 5 0 . 0 3 5 1 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 4 6 2 E 0 . 7 7 1 . 3 9 1 3 . 6 7 1 9 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 1 . 2 0 8 . 0 1 0 . 7 6 5 1 . 2 9 0 . 0 6 9 6 . 6 9 3 E 0 . 6 8 1 . 4 5 1 3 . 7 4 1 8 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 1 . 2 3 8 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 6 6 3 C 0 . 5 3 0 . 8 6 1 4 . 0 1 1 9 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 0 . 7 8 7 . 7 9 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 1 3 4 E 0 . 6 1 1 . 9 6 1 4 . 2 7 1 9 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 6 0 . 7 6 7 . 4 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 4 4 C 0 . 6 0 2 . 5 7 1 4 . 0 5 1 8 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 1 0 . 7 5 7 . 7 5 0 . 0 3 4 9 . 9 3 0 . 0 2 9 5 . 0 6 5 E 0 . 7 3 1 . 2 4 1 3 . 5 2 1 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 1 . 2 4 8 . 2 0 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 7 9 5 C 0 . 6 9 1 . 1 7 1 3 . 6 4 1 8 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 1 . 2 9 7 . 8 5 0 . 0 4 5 1 . 4 3 0 . 0 2 9 5 . 3 5 6 E 0 . 6 6 1 . 3 7 1 3 . 5 5 1 8 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 1 . 2 1 7 . 7 9 0 . 0 2 5 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 5 9 4 . 6 0 7 E 0 . 7 0 1 . 4 1 1 3 . 1 3 1 9 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 1 . 4 7 8 . 8 1 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 8 9 5 . 7 1 8 E 0 . 6 3 1 . 1 1 1 3 . 3 8 1 9 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 1 . 6 3 8 . 6 5 0 . 0 3 5 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 7 9 5 . 8 8 9 E 0 . 6 6 1 . 1 9 1 3 . 3 3 1 9 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 1 . 1 1 7 . 8 8 0 . 0 5 5 1 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 6 3 1 0 E 0 . 6 3 0 . 9 2 1 3 . 5 8 1 8 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 1 . 5 4 8 . 0 9 0 . 0 6 5 2 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 7 1 1 1 E 0 . 7 5 1 . 0 1 1 3 . 0 5 1 9 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 1 . 2 6 8 . 3 6 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 4 5 A 5 - 7 2 1 E 0 . 6 2 1 . 6 6 1 4 . 5 2 1 9 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 0 . 7 4 7 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 7 8 1 C 0 . 5 7 1 . 0 2 1 4 . 4 2 1 9 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 . 1 8 7 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 4 0 2 E 0 . 5 8 1 . 6 0 1 4 . 3 2 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 8 0 . 9 0 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 5 2 2 C 0 . 6 6 1 . 7 2 1 4 . 7 0 1 9 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 7 6 7 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 7 5 0 . 0 4 9 5 . 5 2 3 E 0 . 5 7 1 . 6 2 1 4 . 2 5 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 4 3 0 . 7 8 7 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 6 2 3 C 0 . 5 9 1 . 5 2 1 4 . 4 1 2 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 6 0 . 8 4 7 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 7 4 0 . 0 4 9 5 . 2 4 4 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 6 8 1 4 . 3 0 1 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 8 0 7 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 2 2 4 C 0 . 5 6 1 . 6 0 1 4 . 6 0 1 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 7 0 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 8 4 5 E 0 . 5 7 2 . 3 2 1 4 . 9 3 1 8 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 8 9 7 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 7 2 0 . 0 3 9 6 . 6 2 5 C 0 . 5 6 2 . 2 8 1 4 . 9 6 1 9 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 1 0 . 6 1 7 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 7 0 . 0 5 9 7 . 6 7 6 E 0 . 5 9 1 . 5 0 1 3 . 8 6 1 8 . 5 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 4 3 0 . 8 6 7 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 9 1 0 . 1 2 9 3 . 4 5 6 C 0 . 5 9 1 . 8 5 1 4 . 2 4 1 8 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 8 2 7 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 2 9 5 . 8 2 7 E 0 . 5 3 1 . 9 5 1 4 . 1 9 1 8 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 7 6 7 . 6 6 0 . 0 2 5 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 3 5 7 C 0 . 5 5 1 . 9 3 1 4 . 9 9 1 8 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 6 7 7 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 8 7 0 . 0 5 9 6 . 8 4 8 E 0 . 6 0 1 . 7 0 1 3 . 9 5 1 9 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 3 0 . 9 0 7 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 7 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 1 2 9 3 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P o a . N a 2 0 2 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O x 2 0 T 1 0 2 u n o F e O N 1 0 $ 1 0 2 a a o T o t a l 3 5 - 7 5 1 E 0 . 6 8 1 . 8 6 1 5 . 0 0 1 8 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 4 7 . 5 8 0 . 1 8 5 1 . 1 0 0 . 0 2 9 6 . 1 2 1 c 0 . 5 6 1 . 9 3 1 4 . 6 9 1 8 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 8 0 . 6 5 7 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 5 . 7 1 2 E 0 . 6 4 2 . 2 7 1 5 . 0 9 2 1 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 8 8 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 4 3 3 a 0 . 5 9 1 . 8 7 1 5 . 2 5 2 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 6 2 7 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 1 7 4 E 0 . 7 5 2 . 3 5 1 4 . 1 1 1 8 . 8 3 0 . 1 3 0 . 5 1 0 . 5 4 7 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 4 6 . 9 0 0 . 1 1 9 2 . 1 1 4 c 0 . 5 9 1 . 7 3 1 4 . 8 5 1 9 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 7 6 7 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 5 6 5 E 0 . 6 2 2 . 0 4 1 5 . 1 4 1 9 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 6 6 7 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 4 0 0 . 0 4 9 5 . 2 5 5 c 0 . 6 6 2 . 1 1 1 4 . 9 8 1 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 3 0 . 6 6 7 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 4 8 . 1 9 0 . 0 5 9 4 . 1 5 6 2 0 . 5 9 1 . 7 7 1 4 . 2 5 1 8 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 0 . 5 9 8 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 2 9 5 . 6 6 7 E 0 . 5 3 2 . 6 3 1 4 . 6 1 1 8 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 1 0 . 9 7 7 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 7 0 0 . 0 4 9 4 . 9 6 7 c 0 . 5 2 2 . 8 5 1 4 . 7 9 1 8 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 8 0 . 4 7 7 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 3 1 8 E 0 . 6 0 2 . 0 4 1 4 . 9 5 1 8 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 6 7 7 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 1 7 0 . 0 3 9 6 . 3 4 8 c 0 . 6 3 2 . 0 3 1 4 . 6 7 1 8 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 0 . 6 9 7 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 1 0 9 5 . 0 6 9 E 0 . 5 6 2 . 2 6 1 5 . 1 8 1 7 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 5 1 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 8 6 0 . 0 4 9 5 . 7 9 9 c 0 . 5 5 2 . 2 3 1 4 . 9 3 1 7 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 7 7 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 1 3 1 0 E 0 . 6 5 1 . 7 7 1 4 . 8 6 1 8 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 0 . 6 9 7 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 5 9 5 . 3 4 1 0 c 0 . 6 3 1 . 4 6 1 4 . 8 8 1 7 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 8 3 7 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 4 8 0 . 0 6 9 5 . 1 3 1 1 E 0 . 5 6 2 . 8 7 1 3 . 9 1 1 7 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 6 0 . 5 4 8 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 4 9 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 7 8 1 1 c 0 . 6 4 1 . 9 7 1 4 . 9 0 1 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 0 . 6 5 7 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 5 9 4 . 4 3 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 4 C L I N O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n ’ P O I . N 0 2 0 M 9 0 ‘ 1 2 0 3 3 1 0 2 K 2 0 C a O 8 & 0 1 1 0 2 M n O ’ 0 0 T o t a l A 4 - 7 0 E 0 . 4 6 1 5 . 4 8 0 . 9 5 5 1 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 9 1 . 0 9 8 . 4 3 9 9 . 1 6 E 0 . 6 4 1 4 . 7 3 0 . 7 8 5 3 . 0 9 0 . 0 2 2 1 . 3 2 0 . 1 3 0 . 2 3 1 . 4 2 8 . 4 2 1 0 0 . 7 7 E 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 0 3 1 . 4 8 5 2 . 4 7 0 . 0 2 2 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 6 0 . 4 4 1 . 2 8 9 . 2 9 1 0 0 . 9 5 A 5 - 9 E 0 . 6 8 1 3 . 9 5 1 . 0 1 5 1 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 2 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 3 1 . 3 0 8 . 0 3 9 8 . 1 2 E 0 . 7 1 1 4 . 4 3 0 . 9 4 5 1 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 . 0 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 9 1 . 6 5 8 . 0 9 9 8 . 9 3 E 0 . 6 7 1 6 . 2 2 1 . 6 8 5 3 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 7 0 . 5 1 0 . 7 7 7 . 3 8 1 0 1 . 6 1 A 5 - 3 0 l E 0 . 7 2 1 5 . 1 4 1 . 4 3 5 1 . 7 0 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 7 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 2 7 . 2 2 9 8 . 1 6 2 E 0 . 6 4 1 4 . 4 4 1 . 5 1 5 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 9 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 0 0 . 9 1 7 . 3 6 9 6 . 5 6 3 E 0 . 6 4 1 4 . 9 8 1 . 0 8 5 1 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 2 1 . 0 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 8 1 . 1 4 7 . 6 4 9 8 . 7 0 4 E 0 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 8 1 . 2 7 5 1 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 4 0 . 3 2 0 . 9 6 7 . 5 3 9 7 . 9 1 A 5 - 3 1 l E 0 . 5 8 1 6 . 0 6 2 . 2 3 5 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 5 5 0 . 5 8 6 . 9 1 9 8 . 1 2 2 E 0 . 5 9 1 4 . 9 3 3 . 0 9 4 8 . 9 1 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 7 7 0 . 5 6 7 . 7 5 9 6 . 8 3 3 E 0 . 5 9 1 5 . 0 5 1 . 6 0 5 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 5 1 0 . 7 2 7 . 4 6 9 7 . 6 0 A 5 - 6 8 1 E 0 . 6 6 1 4 . 3 0 0 . 7 3 5 2 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 9 1 . 7 4 7 . 8 7 9 7 . 7 3 2 E 0 . 4 5 1 5 . 8 2 0 . 8 8 5 2 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 0 0 . 9 7 7 . 4 8 9 9 . 0 5 3 E 0 . 6 0 1 4 . 3 8 0 . 6 3 5 2 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 1 . 8 1 7 . 9 8 9 8 . 2 1 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 5 O R T B O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 9 P a s . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O X 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O F e O N 1 0 8 1 0 2 B a 0 T o t a l R 2 3 - 1 3 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 2 2 . 4 3 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 3 2 . 6 4 2 0 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 3 1 1 E 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 6 2 2 . 4 6 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 2 . 7 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 6 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 2 2 . 1 3 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 3 2 . 4 7 2 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 3 8 2 E 0 . 0 9 0 . 3 5 2 2 . 2 6 1 . 0 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 0 2 . 6 6 1 9 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 9 3 0 . 0 5 9 9 . 1 0 2 E 0 . 0 8 0 . 4 0 2 2 . 9 7 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 2 2 . 5 7 1 9 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 5 4 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 8 9 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 2 2 . 2 8 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 2 . 5 7 1 9 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 8 8 3 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 8 2 1 . 8 5 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 2 . 4 5 1 9 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 8 5 0 . 1 1 9 9 . 3 4 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 2 1 . 8 6 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 9 2 . 4 8 1 9 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 9 9 . 0 7 R 8 - 4 5 1 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 9 2 1 . 9 7 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 2 . 5 5 1 9 . 9 4 0 . 0 4 5 3 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 0 9 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 9 2 2 . 6 4 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 2 . 5 2 2 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 3 9 1 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 3 2 2 . 2 8 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 2 . 5 0 1 9 . 9 7 0 . 0 4 5 4 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 5 R 2 3 - 2 6 l E 0 . 0 9 0 . 3 1 2 2 . 6 8 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 2 . 5 2 1 9 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 3 3 1 E 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 3 2 2 . 7 9 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 4 2 . 4 4 1 9 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 4 . 1 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 0 . 8 0 1 E 0 . 0 7 0 . 3 6 2 2 . 6 4 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 2 . 5 3 1 9 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 5 4 . 1 4 0 . 0 5 1 0 0 . 6 0 2 E 0 . 0 5 0 . 3 0 2 2 . 4 8 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 2 . 8 2 1 9 . 7 2 0 . 0 3 5 4 . 7 3 0 . 0 4 1 0 1 . 1 8 2 E 0 . 0 6 0 . 4 6 2 2 . 7 8 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 6 2 . 6 8 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 4 5 4 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 . 4 3 3 E 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 8 2 4 . 1 2 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 2 . 4 3 1 9 . 2 1 0 . 0 2 5 3 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 6 1 4 E 0 . 0 6 0 . 3 8 2 2 . 3 4 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 1 2 . 8 3 2 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 5 5 2 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 4 2 4 E 0 . 0 7 0 . 2 7 2 2 . 5 6 0 . 8 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 3 2 . 8 7 2 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 5 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 4 9 R 8 - 4 4 1 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 0 2 2 . 3 2 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 2 . 9 1 2 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 5 3 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 E 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 1 2 3 . 4 5 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 2 . 6 3 1 9 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 5 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 . 4 4 R 2 l - l 1 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 4 1 2 3 . 8 3 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 2 . 4 1 1 8 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 9 4 0 . 1 0 9 8 . 6 6 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 2 2 . 3 5 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 2 . 5 2 1 9 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 4 2 2 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 2 1 . 2 0 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 2 . 5 1 1 9 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 7 1 2 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 2 1 . 6 9 0 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 2 . 5 7 1 9 . 9 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 7 0 . 0 9 9 7 . 5 8 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 2 1 . 9 4 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 2 . 4 3 1 9 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 7 7 0 . 0 9 9 7 . 2 8 R 2 1 - 5 1 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 3 6 2 2 . 5 2 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 8 2 . 3 9 1 9 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 3 5 1 C 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 2 1 . 9 5 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 9 2 . 3 8 2 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 0 5 2 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 2 1 . 1 5 0 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 7 2 . 6 0 1 9 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 9 4 2 C 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 2 1 . 5 4 0 . 7 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 9 2 . 4 2 2 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 1 0 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 2 2 . 1 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 8 2 . 6 0 1 9 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 6 7 4 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 2 1 . 4 5 0 . 7 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 2 . 8 3 2 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 2 4 C 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 2 1 . 4 4 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 4 2 . 5 4 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 5 1 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 9 6 2 9 6 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . O R T H O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n E P O I . “ 8 2 0 ” 2 0 3 m C a O K 2 0 1 1 0 2 9 1 : 1 0 F O O N 1 0 8 1 0 2 B I O T o t a l A 5 - 5 8 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 2 0 . 7 6 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 3 2 . 2 6 1 8 . 5 9 0 . 0 5 4 6 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 8 9 . 1 7 1 C 0 . 0 5 0 . 7 4 2 3 . 3 2 1 . 1 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 9 2 . 2 6 1 8 . 4 9 0 . 2 0 5 1 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 8 5 O R T H O P Y R O X E N E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n I P e a . N a 2 0 ) ( 9 0 1 1 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 K 2 0 C a O B a 0 T 1 0 2 m 0 3 ' 0 0 T o t a l A 5 - 3 0 1 E 0 . 0 3 2 5 . 7 5 0 . 4 9 5 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 8 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 3 2 . 0 7 1 6 . 4 8 9 9 . 3 1 2 C 0 . 0 3 2 5 . 8 2 0 . 5 9 5 3 . 2 6 0 . 0 2 1 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 2 . 4 6 1 6 . 1 9 9 9 . 6 0 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 7 A M P H I B O L E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P o o . N a 2 0 A 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O x 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O F o o N 1 0 8 1 0 2 S a c T o t a l R 8 - 4 4 1 E 2 . 5 3 1 2 . 2 5 1 3 . 3 2 1 1 . 1 7 0 . 7 8 3 . 8 1 0 . 3 8 1 2 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 2 2 0 . 0 7 9 8 . 6 3 1 1 8 - 4 5 1 E : 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 3 6 1 3 . 0 5 1 0 . 9 5 0 . 8 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 4 5 0 . 0 2 4 1 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 9 6 1 E 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 1 2 1 3 . 5 9 1 1 . 1 4 0 . 7 9 3 . 6 0 0 . 2 8 1 2 . 3 4 0 . 0 2 4 2 . 1 1 0 . 1 4 9 8 . 6 8 R l l - S 1 E 2 . 3 4 1 1 . 7 9 1 2 . 2 6 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 9 7 3 . 4 7 0 . 3 8 1 3 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 2 1 0 . 0 8 9 6 . 6 5 2 E 2 . 5 8 1 1 . 1 0 1 3 . 1 2 1 0 . 7 5 0 . 9 8 3 . 4 6 0 . 4 1 1 2 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 1 2 0 . 1 5 9 6 . 8 4 3 E 2 . 3 7 1 0 . 5 1 1 2 . 9 5 1 0 . 8 9 0 . 9 7 3 . 1 0 0 . 5 4 1 2 . 3 4 0 . 0 6 4 2 . 2 6 0 . 0 9 9 6 . 0 8 4 E 2 . 3 4 1 0 . 5 9 1 2 . 9 9 1 0 . 9 0 0 . 9 5 2 . 6 5 1 . 0 8 1 2 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 4 3 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 1 2 5 E 2 . 4 9 1 1 . 6 6 1 2 . 2 1 1 1 . 8 2 0 . 9 9 3 . 6 7 0 . 4 2 1 2 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 4 0 6 E 2 . 4 3 1 1 . 1 7 1 3 . 0 6 1 0 . 8 4 1 . 0 6 3 . 2 0 0 . 4 4 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 4 8 0 . 0 2 9 7 . 8 7 7 E 2 . 2 0 1 0 . 6 4 1 3 . 1 1 1 0 . 9 5 0 . 9 9 2 . 7 9 0 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 4 7 R 1 1 - 7 1 E 2 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 2 1 2 . 7 1 1 0 . 8 1 1 . 1 3 2 . 9 5 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 5 7 2 E 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 7 9 3 . 4 6 0 . 3 8 1 2 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 8 9 3 E 2 . 7 2 1 1 . 9 5 1 2 . 6 1 1 1 . 0 7 0 . 7 6 3 . 7 9 0 . 2 8 1 2 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 4 0 4 E 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 9 2 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 7 9 3 . 5 6 0 . 3 2 1 2 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 8 9 5 . 4 3 5 E 2 . 4 9 1 1 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 0 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 8 2 3 . 2 2 0 . 3 6 1 2 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 2 9 6 E 2 . 5 8 1 1 . 9 1 1 2 . 5 0 1 1 . 0 7 0 . 8 9 3 . 5 9 0 . 4 4 1 3 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 3 5 7 E 2 . 6 2 1 1 . 9 2 1 2 . 9 0 1 1 . 1 9 0 . 8 0 3 . 6 3 0 . 3 7 1 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 1 R 2 1 - 1 3 1 E 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 1 9 1 2 . 8 5 8 . 8 6 0 . 6 4 3 . 2 8 0 . 3 7 1 2 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 2 4 1 C 2 . 4 9 1 1 . 9 2 1 2 . 5 8 9 . 2 0 0 . 6 0 3 . 2 9 0 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 3 9 2 . 9 4 2 E 2 . 6 0 1 1 . 9 1 1 2 . 7 7 8 . 9 3 0 . 7 0 2 . 9 2 0 . 3 5 1 2 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 8 6 3 E 2 . 4 3 1 1 . 7 4 1 2 . 5 3 8 . 8 4 0 . 5 8 3 . 1 0 0 . 3 5 1 2 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 0 3 4 C 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 4 5 1 3 . 3 2 9 . 1 7 0 . 6 7 3 . 3 0 0 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 1 1 5 E 2 . 2 8 1 0 . 7 6 1 3 . 1 3 9 . 0 5 0 . 7 4 2 . 6 2 0 . 3 2 1 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 7 7 5 C 2 . 4 8 1 2 . 1 9 1 3 . 1 3 9 . 2 7 0 . 6 1 3 . 0 9 0 . 2 8 1 1 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 7 8 6 E 2 . 6 5 1 2 . 3 4 1 2 . 9 9 9 . 5 7 0 . 6 1 3 . 4 9 0 . 3 1 1 2 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 7 7 7 E 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 1 6 1 2 . 8 8 9 . 6 2 0 . 6 3 3 . 3 5 0 . 2 9 1 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 1 5 8 E 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 4 7 1 3 . 1 9 9 . 3 4 0 . 6 2 3 . 3 4 0 . 2 8 1 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 6 6 0 . 0 9 9 4 . 0 2 9 E 2 . 6 2 1 1 . 9 1 1 2 . 6 8 9 . 3 0 0 . 6 8 3 . 0 1 0 . 4 0 1 2 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 9 2 1 0 E 2 . 6 1 1 1 . 5 3 1 2 . 5 2 9 . 0 4 0 . 7 0 2 . 9 2 0 . 3 9 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 3 6 1 1 E 2 . 4 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 7 3 8 . 9 9 0 . 6 1 3 . 5 5 0 . 3 2 1 1 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 3 9 . 4 9 2 . 7 1 9 4 . 8 5 1 2 E 2 . 4 8 1 2 . 0 3 1 1 . 9 3 8 . 9 9 0 . 5 8 3 . 2 9 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 3 8 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 9 1 . 0 8 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 2 9 8 A M P H I B O L E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 0 F o o . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a 0 x z o T 1 0 2 u n o T a o N 1 0 3 1 0 2 a a o T o t a l n 2 3 - 1 3 1 E 2 . 6 1 1 2 . 7 9 1 3 . 0 9 1 1 . 1 8 0 . 7 6 3 . 3 1 0 . 5 3 1 3 . 1 6 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 0 5 2 E 2 . 4 7 1 1 . 6 9 1 3 . 0 8 1 1 . 1 3 0 . 9 8 3 . 2 5 0 . 4 6 1 3 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 4 2 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 5 7 3 E 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 0 1 1 3 . 3 8 1 1 . 2 1 0 . 9 1 3 . 3 4 0 . 3 2 1 2 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 2 5 3 c 2 . 5 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 3 . 4 5 1 1 . 2 1 0 . 9 2 3 . 6 1 0 . 3 3 1 2 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 4 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 8 9 9 . 0 6 4 E 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 1 2 1 3 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 9 1 3 . 3 3 0 . 3 4 1 3 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 4 1 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 1 4 5 E 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 2 1 1 . 1 8 0 . 8 4 3 . 8 3 0 . 3 1 1 2 . 5 7 0 . 0 3 4 2 . 6 4 0 . 0 6 9 9 . 2 8 6 E 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 4 7 1 2 . 6 2 1 1 . 1 1 0 . 8 4 3 . 4 2 0 . 4 2 1 3 . 4 5 0 . 0 4 4 2 . 2 8 0 . 0 2 9 9 . 2 2 3 2 3 - 2 4 1 a 2 . 4 6 1 1 . 4 2 1 3 . 4 1 1 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 8 3 . 3 7 0 . 3 2 1 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 1 9 2 E 2 . 4 8 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 5 3 1 0 . 8 9 0 . 6 8 3 . 6 1 0 . 6 1 1 2 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 4 1 3 E 2 . 5 6 1 1 . 7 4 1 2 . 8 7 1 0 . 5 8 0 . 8 2 3 . 3 1 0 . 3 6 1 2 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 2 1 0 . 0 1 9 5 . 5 4 4 E 2 . 4 2 1 1 . 5 2 1 3 . 1 1 1 0 . 9 6 0 . 8 7 3 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 1 2 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 9 1 5 E 2 . 3 3 1 0 . 8 4 1 3 . 3 5 1 1 . 0 8 1 . 0 5 3 . 2 7 0 . 3 7 1 2 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 1 8 6 a 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 2 . 6 9 1 1 . 0 2 0 . 7 7 3 . 5 9 0 . 3 7 1 2 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 7 9 7 E 2 . 3 5 1 0 . 9 2 1 3 . 5 3 1 0 . 8 2 0 . 9 1 2 . 8 2 0 . 4 2 1 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 9 0 8 E 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 1 1 1 3 . 0 6 1 0 . 6 3 0 . 8 0 3 . 5 7 0 . 3 2 1 1 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 7 9 5 . 2 5 9 a 2 . 3 8 1 1 . 5 5 1 3 . 9 7 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 7 4 3 . 2 6 0 . 2 9 1 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 4 4 3 2 3 - 2 7 1 E 2 . 6 3 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 9 8 1 1 . 1 3 0 . 8 1 3 . 6 1 0 . 3 4 1 2 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 6 2 2 E 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 8 3 1 3 . 0 1 1 1 . 1 0 0 . 8 5 4 . 0 2 0 . 3 1 1 2 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 7 . 7 6 3 E 2 . 7 6 1 2 . 0 9 1 3 . 4 1 1 0 . 9 7 0 . 8 2 4 . 1 0 0 . 2 8 1 2 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 9 9 7 . 5 2 4 E 2 . 4 8 1 2 . 2 8 1 3 . 5 9 1 1 . 0 5 0 . 8 4 3 . 7 4 0 . 3 2 1 1 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 2 4 5 E 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 4 3 1 3 . 5 5 1 1 . 1 7 0 . 6 9 4 . 1 9 0 . 2 1 1 1 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 4 9 7 . 3 4 6 E 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 5 8 1 1 . 1 8 0 . 8 3 3 . 6 6 0 . 3 7 1 2 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 1 9 7 . 0 1 7 e 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 0 9 1 3 . 2 0 1 0 . 7 4 0 . 8 4 3 . 5 7 0 . 3 2 1 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 0 9 7 c 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 2 3 1 3 . 6 1 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 8 2 3 . 7 2 0 . 2 3 1 1 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 4 2 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 9 7 . 8 2 A M P H I B O L E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 9 P a s . N a 2 0 3 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O x 2 0 T 1 0 2 M h O F e O n 1 0 5 1 0 2 s a c T o t a l 1 5 - 7 5 1 E 2 . 4 3 1 1 . 8 4 1 3 . 6 5 1 1 . 0 3 1 . 1 7 4 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 1 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 9 6 . 2 0 2 E 2 . 5 7 1 1 . 4 7 1 4 . 0 8 1 1 . 3 8 1 . 1 8 3 . 9 0 0 . 3 5 1 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 4 1 . 3 6 0 . 0 4 9 7 . 7 4 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 1 2 9 9 O L I V I N E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P o a . N a 2 0 1 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 C a O x 2 0 T 1 0 2 M n O T o o N 1 0 8 1 0 2 s a o T o t a l a s - a 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 1 . 8 8 4 6 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 4 5 1 e 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 3 . 2 3 4 6 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 9 9 . 8 8 2 E 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 . 1 0 8 3 . 6 2 0 . 0 3 5 . 8 8 0 . 0 2 9 1 . 8 8 2 c 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 . 2 1 8 3 . 7 6 0 . 0 6 5 . 9 7 0 . 0 2 9 2 . 2 3 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 9 . 7 6 4 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 4 9 9 . 4 9 4 E 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 1 . 3 8 8 4 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 4 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 6 9 5 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 0 2 3 . 4 8 4 5 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 4 7 0 . 0 3 9 9 . 4 7 6 E 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 2 3 . 5 3 4 5 . 6 2 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 2 9 9 . 8 4 7 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 7 2 1 . 6 1 4 6 . 3 3 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 6 9 8 . 5 1 8 E 0 . 1 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 7 1 . 3 5 8 6 . 4 3 0 . 0 6 3 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 9 2 . 2 4 9 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 3 . 2 5 4 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 2 6 1 0 E 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 1 . 6 1 4 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 5 1 1 1 a 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 6 3 4 7 . 7 1 0 . 0 3 2 9 . 5 7 0 . 0 3 9 8 . 0 7 1 1 N E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 4 0 4 9 . 0 2 0 . 4 3 3 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 1 0 0 . 7 8 1 1 N C 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 2 9 4 9 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 6 1 0 1 . 0 1 1 1 c 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 3 1 9 . 4 8 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 6 3 1 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 9 1 1 1 N C 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 6 1 8 . 8 9 4 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 4 3 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 . 8 8 A 2 1 - 1 8 1 a 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 7 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 7 2 4 3 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 3 2 . 6 8 0 . 0 3 9 7 . 6 1 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 6 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 2 1 . 5 7 4 5 . 3 5 0 . 0 2 3 1 . 3 9 0 . 0 8 9 8 . 8 3 2 E 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 2 2 . 6 0 4 3 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 3 1 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 7 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 2 5 4 2 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 3 2 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 9 4 . 8 8 3 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 3 2 3 9 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 3 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 8 9 3 . 2 7 3 E 0 . 1 1 0 . 4 3 0 . 1 4 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 8 1 6 . 5 3 4 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 3 2 . 3 9 0 . 1 8 9 0 . 6 4 4 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 2 . 9 4 4 5 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 2 8 . 6 2 0 . 1 7 9 7 . 5 9 4 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 2 4 . 4 6 4 2 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 4 9 7 . 4 2 O L I V I N E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f . M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # P e a . l a 2 0 N 9 0 3 1 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 : 2 0 C a O s a o T 1 0 2 u h o T o o T o t a l 3 5 - 3 7 1 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 2 9 . 7 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 9 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 3 2 4 3 . 8 8 9 4 . 6 0 2 E 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 9 . 9 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 1 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 1 2 1 . 2 0 4 5 . 3 5 9 6 . 8 7 A 5 - 6 8 1 E 0 . 0 2 2 4 . 1 5 0 . 2 1 5 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 3 2 . 5 5 1 6 . 6 5 9 6 . 7 1 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 0 M A G N E T I ‘ I ' E A N D I L M E N I ' I ' E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 A 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 T o o T 1 0 2 u h o T o t a l R 8 - 2 5 l p l 0 . 0 2 2 . 2 1 0 . 6 3 8 0 . 5 8 5 . 3 0 0 . 4 0 8 9 . 1 4 l p l 0 . 0 4 2 . 3 4 0 . 8 9 8 1 . 1 7 4 . 4 6 0 . 2 9 8 9 . 1 9 2 p 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 1 3 . 9 7 4 0 . 4 8 4 0 . 6 8 2 . 2 3 8 8 . 5 7 3 0 . 0 3 1 . 9 7 1 . 2 1 8 4 . 1 9 5 . 6 9 1 . 1 5 9 4 . 2 4 3 0 . 0 4 2 . 0 2 1 . 0 1 8 0 . 5 2 6 . 4 4 1 . 1 2 9 1 . 1 5 3 0 . 0 5 1 . 8 7 1 . 1 3 8 1 . 1 9 7 . 6 2 1 . 5 1 9 3 . 3 7 4 0 . 0 3 2 . 2 9 0 . 8 9 8 1 . 8 4 6 . 5 3 1 . 3 8 9 2 . 9 6 4 0 . 0 3 2 . 1 9 0 . 9 1 8 2 . 0 4 6 . 2 4 0 . 6 3 9 2 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 5 1 . 0 4 8 2 . 9 9 5 . 3 1 1 . 1 1 9 2 . 4 4 5 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 4 1 . 2 0 8 3 . 7 9 5 . 9 6 1 . 3 3 9 4 . 2 6 5 0 . 0 3 1 . 6 6 1 . 7 4 7 8 . 9 2 1 2 . 1 4 1 . 6 2 9 6 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 8 4 5 4 . 4 4 3 7 . 3 4 1 . 2 4 9 5 . 0 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 1 . 9 1 5 4 . 5 2 3 9 . 0 0 1 . 4 2 9 7 . 2 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 . 9 0 5 5 . 1 2 3 7 . 8 3 1 . 2 5 9 6 . 2 6 7 p 2 0 . 0 4 2 . 0 7 1 . 1 2 8 3 . 1 6 5 . 5 6 1 . 3 4 9 3 . 2 9 7 p 2 0 . 0 3 1 . 8 6 1 . 0 8 8 0 . 8 2 5 . 7 5 1 . 2 7 9 0 . 8 1 7 p 2 0 . 0 5 2 . 0 2 1 . 1 5 8 2 . 4 1 5 . 6 3 1 . 1 9 9 2 . 4 5 8 p 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 3 . 6 3 4 4 . 4 4 4 5 . 1 8 3 . 3 0 9 6 . 6 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 1 . 7 2 5 5 . 3 2 3 8 . 9 2 1 . 2 7 9 7 . 4 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 6 2 5 4 . 7 8 3 8 . 8 3 1 . 4 0 9 6 . 8 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 6 8 5 4 . 7 8 3 7 . 0 6 1 . 2 8 9 4 . 9 7 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 2 . 0 2 5 5 . 2 3 3 8 . 6 2 1 . 4 0 9 7 . 4 6 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 . 9 8 5 3 . 8 4 3 8 . 6 0 1 . 5 0 9 6 . 0 8 1 1 0 . 0 3 2 . 0 1 1 . 2 5 8 0 . 9 0 8 . 1 7 1 . 2 1 9 3 . 5 7 R 8 - 4 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 8 1 1 . 9 3 7 9 . 4 8 8 . 3 2 1 . 0 7 9 2 . 6 5 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 5 1 . 8 4 7 9 . 0 0 8 . 5 8 1 . 1 2 9 2 . 5 3 2 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 5 1 . 5 2 7 4 . 4 7 7 . 9 5 1 . 1 7 8 7 . 4 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 . 9 0 1 . 6 5 8 2 . 9 5 8 . 0 7 1 . 2 5 9 5 . 8 8 3 0 . 0 3 1 . 6 4 1 . 3 1 8 0 . 2 3 7 . 8 0 1 . 0 1 9 2 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 4 1 . 8 5 1 . 5 3 8 0 . 7 8 9 . 2 2 1 . 2 3 9 4 . 6 5 4 0 . 0 6 1 . 8 9 1 . 6 2 8 3 . 2 8 8 . 3 3 1 . 2 3 9 6 . 4 1 4 0 . 0 2 2 . 3 1 2 . 0 4 7 7 . 8 2 8 . 0 0 1 . 1 7 9 1 . 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 1 . 8 2 1 . 4 8 8 1 . 9 7 7 . 9 9 1 . 2 5 9 4 . 5 4 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 2 . 2 2 5 4 . 4 3 3 7 . 8 6 1 . 2 4 9 6 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 2 . 2 4 5 4 . 8 7 3 7 . 6 0 1 . 1 2 9 6 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 . 8 6 5 5 . 5 1 3 7 . 9 0 1 . 5 8 9 6 . 9 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 7 5 5 4 . 8 6 3 9 . 0 2 1 . 4 8 9 7 . 2 9 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 9 3 5 3 . 6 9 3 9 . 2 6 1 . 4 2 9 6 . 4 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 9 4 5 4 . 0 0 3 8 . 5 1 1 . 5 9 9 6 . 2 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 2 . 1 8 5 4 . 5 8 3 7 . 7 8 1 . 2 2 9 5 . 9 6 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 1 M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 3 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 F e O T 1 0 2 M n O T o t a l R 8 - 4 4 , C o n t i n u e d 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 2 2 . 0 8 5 4 . 6 6 3 8 . 3 6 1 . 2 5 9 6 . 5 9 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 2 . 1 3 5 5 . 4 7 3 8 9 5 1 . 0 8 9 7 . 8 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 2 . 0 4 5 5 . 3 3 3 7 . 3 6 1 . 1 1 9 6 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 2 . 0 9 5 4 . 6 9 3 7 . 9 3 1 . 9 6 9 6 . 9 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 . 8 5 5 4 . 3 9 3 7 . 1 9 1 . 3 1 9 4 9 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 2 . 0 0 5 6 . 2 0 3 7 5 1 1 . 2 9 9 7 . 1 9 1 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 6 8 1 . 4 4 8 1 . 0 6 7 . 7 5 1 . 2 7 9 3 . 2 4 1 1 0 . 0 5 1 . 6 2 1 . 3 8 8 1 . 5 6 7 . 4 4 1 . 3 1 9 3 . 3 6 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 2 . 0 3 5 4 . 2 5 3 7 . 7 8 1 . 4 5 9 5 6 7 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 . 9 8 5 6 . 7 1 4 2 . 0 1 1 . 2 5 1 0 2 . 2 0 1 4 0 . 0 5 1 . 7 4 1 . 5 0 8 4 . 0 1 7 . 8 0 1 . 2 2 9 6 . 3 2 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 2 . 2 2 5 6 . 5 9 3 7 . 2 7 1 . 1 2 9 7 . 4 8 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 2 . 1 3 5 6 . 3 1 3 8 . 4 2 1 . 1 5 9 8 . 3 0 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 2 . 1 5 5 5 . 8 9 3 7 . 9 0 1 . 1 7 9 7 . 4 2 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 1 1 8 6 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 8 6 . 9 1 1 8 0 . 0 4 2 . 1 2 1 . 6 5 8 1 . 7 5 7 . 9 3 1 . 1 6 9 4 . 6 5 1 8 0 . 0 6 1 . 9 8 1 . 6 5 8 2 . 9 1 7 . 7 6 1 . 3 0 9 5 . 6 6 1 9 0 . 0 1 1 . 9 4 1 . 5 4 8 3 . 7 0 7 . 9 4 1 . 5 7 9 6 . 7 0 2 0 0 . 0 3 2 . 0 2 1 . 5 0 8 4 . 4 6 7 . 4 0 1 . 3 3 9 6 . 7 4 2 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 8 5 1 . 5 0 8 1 . 7 6 7 . 7 2 1 . 3 1 9 4 . 2 0 R 8 - 4 5 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 7 1 . 6 2 8 2 . 8 9 8 . 6 6 1 . 2 6 9 6 . 3 0 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 8 7 1 . 7 2 8 2 . 7 8 8 . 4 2 1 . 1 6 9 5 9 8 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 7 1 . 6 0 8 2 . 9 2 8 . 0 9 1 . 2 0 9 5 . 6 8 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 0 1 . 6 4 8 2 . 2 2 7 . 6 6 1 . 2 0 9 4 . 5 2 3 0 . 0 2 1 . 8 2 1 . 7 4 8 2 . 1 0 7 . 7 8 1 . 1 3 9 4 . 5 9 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 3 1 . 5 9 8 2 . 1 5 7 . 5 6 1 . 3 2 9 4 . 4 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 4 1 . 6 1 8 2 . 9 6 8 . 9 0 1 . 1 4 9 6 . 4 5 4 0 . 0 3 1 . 8 6 1 . 5 7 8 2 . 9 7 7 . 6 5 1 . 2 8 9 5 . 3 6 5 0 . 0 3 1 . 8 8 1 . 6 9 8 3 . 8 0 8 . 1 5 1 . 3 9 9 6 . 9 4 5 0 . 0 3 1 . 9 1 1 . 5 7 8 2 . 4 8 8 . 4 0 1 . 1 7 9 5 . 5 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 2 . 1 4 5 5 . 4 9 3 7 . 5 0 1 . 1 6 9 6 . 5 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 2 . 1 7 5 5 . 2 5 3 7 5 7 1 . 0 9 9 6 . 3 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 2 . 2 4 5 5 . 0 1 3 7 . 8 6 1 . 2 0 9 6 . 5 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 2 . 0 7 5 6 . 2 7 3 9 . 3 2 1 . 2 7 9 9 . 1 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 2 . 1 0 5 4 . 6 4 3 7 . 6 9 1 . 4 9 9 6 . 1 4 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 2 . 2 7 5 4 . 2 8 3 8 . 1 5 1 . 2 2 9 6 . 1 4 9 0 . 0 1 1 . 7 9 1 . 6 6 8 1 . 1 9 7 . 9 9 1 . 3 4 9 3 . 9 8 9 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 0 1 . 6 5 8 2 . 3 3 7 . 8 1 1 . 1 8 9 4 . 8 7 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 2 . 2 3 5 5 . 4 5 3 8 . 0 2 1 . 0 8 9 7 0 1 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 2 M A G N E T I T E . A N D I L N E N I T E . A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # o r z o a A 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 T o o T 1 0 2 M n O T o t a l R 8 - 4 5 , C o n t i n u e d 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 2 . 2 3 5 5 . 2 9 3 7 . 8 7 1 . 1 3 9 6 . 7 4 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 2 . 2 0 5 4 . 6 0 3 8 . 3 9 1 . 1 0 9 6 5 3 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 2 . 2 6 5 4 . 2 3 3 7 . 7 0 1 . 1 5 9 5 . 6 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 2 . 1 9 5 5 . 3 0 3 8 . 5 8 1 . 0 5 9 7 . 3 6 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 2 . 2 7 5 4 . 7 5 3 7 . 4 2 1 . 1 4 9 5 . 7 9 1 3 0 . 0 3 1 . 9 0 1 . 6 2 8 2 . 0 6 8 . 1 1 1 . 2 5 9 4 . 9 7 1 3 0 . 0 6 1 . 9 7 1 . 6 9 8 3 . 0 2 7 . 8 7 1 . 2 2 9 5 . 8 3 1 3 0 . 0 3 2 . 0 1 1 . 6 1 8 4 . 2 1 8 . 0 0 1 . 1 5 9 7 . 0 1 1 4 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 9 1 . 6 6 8 2 . 3 5 8 . 3 0 1 . 2 4 9 5 . 5 8 1 4 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 4 1 . 6 5 8 4 . 1 3 8 . 1 4 1 . 1 3 9 7 . 0 3 1 5 0 . 0 2 1 . 9 9 1 . 6 9 8 4 . 3 7 7 . 6 9 1 . 1 8 9 6 . 9 4 1 5 0 . 0 1 2 . 0 1 1 . 6 6 8 4 . 5 6 8 . 2 7 1 . 1 6 9 7 . 6 7 1 6 p 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 9 8 1 . 5 3 8 1 . 7 9 8 . 1 1 1 . 2 2 9 4 . 6 6 1 6 p 1 0 . 0 3 2 . 0 5 1 . 5 0 8 3 . 3 7 8 . 1 2 1 . 2 1 9 6 . 2 8 1 7 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 2 . 3 1 5 6 . 0 5 3 7 . 7 4 1 . 0 6 9 7 . 4 6 1 7 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 2 . 2 4 5 5 . 2 1 3 9 . 2 5 1 . 1 9 9 8 . 1 8 R 1 1 - 5 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 1 . 9 3 5 5 . 5 6 4 0 . 5 7 1 . 1 0 9 9 . 4 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 1 . 5 7 5 5 . 8 8 3 7 . 2 7 1 . 3 4 9 6 . 2 9 2 0 . 0 4 2 . 2 5 1 . 3 8 8 0 . 2 8 8 . 3 0 1 . 3 3 9 3 . 5 8 2 0 . 0 1 2 . 1 8 1 . 3 7 8 1 . 1 9 8 . 3 3 1 . 4 4 9 4 . 5 2 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 1 1 1 . 3 2 8 1 . 4 6 8 . 1 7 1 . 4 0 9 4 . 4 8 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 2 . 0 7 5 5 . 2 4 3 6 . 4 5 0 . 9 8 9 5 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 1 . 9 8 5 5 . 7 5 3 7 . 0 1 1 . 0 2 9 6 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 3 2 . 2 3 1 . 5 3 8 1 . 3 1 7 . 7 4 1 . 1 8 9 4 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 4 2 . 2 3 1 . 5 6 8 2 . 2 2 8 . 0 2 1 . 1 4 9 5 . 2 1 5 0 . 0 3 2 . 3 4 1 . 2 9 8 0 . 2 3 8 . 2 2 1 . 3 9 9 3 . 5 0 5 0 . 0 3 2 . 3 6 1 . 3 4 8 1 . 3 6 8 . 3 6 1 . 4 0 9 4 . 8 5 6 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 0 1 . 6 0 7 9 . 7 7 8 . 3 3 1 . 2 5 9 3 . 2 5 6 0 . 0 3 2 . 3 3 1 . 6 1 7 9 . 8 3 8 . 4 6 1 . 3 1 9 3 . 5 7 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 5 1 . 9 3 5 5 . 4 4 3 6 . 7 5 1 . 3 4 9 5 . 7 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 7 2 . 0 2 5 5 . 2 4 3 7 . 1 7 1 . 2 7 9 5 . 9 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 9 3 5 4 . 7 9 3 6 . 8 0 1 . 3 1 9 5 . 1 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 9 8 4 . 0 2 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 7 8 4 . 8 4 1 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 2 1 . 6 5 7 8 . 9 9 8 . 3 3 1 . 2 3 9 2 . 6 2 1 0 0 . 0 3 2 . 3 1 1 . 6 6 8 0 . 2 8 7 . 9 4 1 . 9 5 9 4 . 1 7 1 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 3 0 2 . 0 2 5 4 . 3 7 3 6 . 7 2 1 . 3 3 9 4 . 7 6 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 2 . 1 4 5 4 . 7 4 3 7 . 6 0 1 . 2 3 9 6 . 0 4 ' 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 2 . 2 7 5 5 . 2 0 3 6 . 7 3 1 . 1 3 9 5 . 6 8 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 2 . 1 0 5 4 . 9 8 3 6 . 5 5 1 . 1 9 9 5 . 1 7 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 2 . 0 9 5 5 . 1 9 3 7 . 4 4 1 . 0 9 9 6 . 1 2 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 2 . 1 2 5 5 . 6 0 3 7 . 3 2 1 . 0 3 9 6 . 3 6 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 3 . M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 3 1 2 0 3 u g o F e O T 1 0 2 M n O T o t a l R l l - 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 6 0 . 6 1 8 2 . 9 3 5 . 5 4 1 . 9 4 9 2 . 1 8 1 0 . 0 2 1 . 1 2 0 . 6 4 8 2 . 0 6 4 . 8 8 2 . 0 0 9 0 . 7 2 2 0 . 0 2 1 . 1 2 0 . 5 1 8 3 . 0 1 4 . 9 0 1 . 7 9 9 1 . 3 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 5 1 . 2 3 4 7 . 6 3 4 2 . 2 1 4 . 0 1 9 5 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 1 . 2 2 4 6 . 5 7 4 2 . 6 3 4 . 0 4 9 4 . 4 8 4 0 . 0 2 1 . 1 3 0 . 6 2 8 1 . 8 2 5 . 2 7 1 . 6 4 9 0 . 5 0 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 5 1 . 0 4 8 1 . 5 8 4 . 8 2 1 . 6 8 9 0 . 2 7 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 8 0 . 5 1 8 2 . 7 4 4 . 7 1 1 . 8 7 9 1 . 0 1 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 9 0 . 5 2 8 4 . 4 6 4 . 9 1 1 . 9 3 9 3 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 1 5 4 6 . 1 8 4 3 . 1 4 4 . 2 1 9 4 . 7 4 8 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 4 0 . 6 0 8 3 . 2 4 4 . 5 0 1 . 7 2 9 1 . 2 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 1 . 2 6 4 6 . 8 8 4 1 . 6 1 4 . 8 5 9 4 . 6 4 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 9 0 . 5 5 8 3 . 2 4 4 . 7 3 1 . 9 5 9 1 . 6 6 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 0 0 . 5 8 8 2 . 1 9 4 . 6 9 1 . 8 9 9 0 . 4 5 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 2 8 4 7 . 3 7 4 2 . 6 6 3 . 8 5 9 5 . 2 2 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 1 . 1 4 4 6 . 9 1 4 3 . 5 2 3 . 7 5 9 5 . 3 5 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 4 1 . 1 9 4 5 . 5 5 4 2 . 8 3 5 . 6 7 9 5 . 2 8 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 4 0 . 5 6 8 3 . 8 6 5 . 1 7 1 . 9 4 9 2 . 7 7 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 0 0 . 5 7 8 3 . 7 0 5 . 9 8 1 . 9 2 9 3 . 3 7 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 1 . 2 3 4 6 . 4 9 4 3 . 2 3 4 . 0 1 9 5 0 3 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 1 6 4 7 . 3 1 4 2 . 8 9 3 . 9 4 9 5 3 6 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 2 0 4 7 . 1 6 4 2 . 7 1 3 . 9 1 9 5 0 4 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 3 2 4 5 . 4 2 4 3 . 3 5 6 . 0 5 9 6 . 2 0 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 3 0 . 7 0 8 2 . 6 9 4 . 6 3 2 . 3 0 9 1 . 5 5 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 4 0 . 5 8 8 1 . 3 0 4 . 3 5 2 . 1 9 8 9 . 5 6 R 1 8 - 2 , R u n # 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 . 3 6 4 9 . 2 2 4 4 . 4 3 2 . 3 8 9 7 . 5 1 2 0 . 0 4 1 . 2 7 0 . 6 9 8 1 . 7 0 5 . 9 1 1 . 3 9 9 0 . 9 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 0 . 7 0 4 7 . 2 3 4 1 . 6 0 1 . 4 6 9 1 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 . 0 4 4 9 . 1 8 4 0 . 7 1 2 . 6 6 9 3 . 7 1 5 0 . 0 5 1 . 1 2 0 . 6 5 8 2 . 1 2 5 . 7 3 1 . 4 3 9 1 . 1 0 5 0 . 0 5 1 . 2 2 0 . 7 7 8 3 . 1 7 5 . 6 2 1 . 1 4 9 1 . 9 7 6 0 . 0 5 1 . 4 4 0 . 5 3 8 1 . 6 4 5 . 1 5 1 . 6 3 9 0 . 4 4 6 0 . 0 4 1 . 3 1 0 . 4 8 8 2 . 4 8 5 . 1 4 1 . 6 4 9 1 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 . 4 1 4 8 . 0 0 4 1 . 6 0 1 . 8 3 9 3 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 . 4 8 4 9 . 1 0 4 0 . 4 2 2 . 2 7 9 3 . 3 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 . 5 2 4 8 . 5 0 4 0 . 2 5 2 . 4 7 9 2 . 8 8 9 0 . 0 3 1 . 1 8 0 . 7 2 8 1 . 6 2 5 . 7 6 1 . 1 9 9 0 . 5 0 1 0 0 . 0 3 1 . 2 0 0 . 7 5 8 1 . 3 4 5 . 5 4 1 . 3 1 9 0 . 1 7 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 . 5 0 4 9 . 1 1 4 0 . 7 1 2 . 3 8 9 3 . 8 4 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 1 . 4 5 4 8 . 8 8 4 0 . 7 9 2 . 4 9 9 3 . 7 4 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 4 M A G N E T I T E A N D I I M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 a 1 2 0 3 a g o F e O T 1 0 2 u n o T o t a l R 1 8 - 2 , R u n # 2 _ 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 7 0 . 7 6 8 2 . 5 9 6 . 4 2 1 . 2 8 9 2 . 3 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 7 0 . 7 7 8 3 . 1 1 5 . 9 5 1 . 5 9 9 2 . 6 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 2 0 . 7 3 8 3 . 8 7 5 . 7 3 1 . 7 2 9 3 . 1 8 3 0 . 0 4 1 . 0 2 0 . 8 5 8 2 . 8 1 5 . 6 5 1 . 7 4 9 2 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 . 5 8 5 1 . 0 5 4 1 . 4 0 2 . 3 9 9 6 . 5 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 1 . 3 5 4 9 . 5 2 4 1 . 9 2 2 . 3 6 9 5 . 2 9 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 2 0 . 7 4 8 1 . 9 1 5 . 1 0 1 . 3 3 9 0 . 3 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 7 0 . 7 6 8 3 . 4 9 5 . 4 1 1 . 3 0 9 2 . 2 3 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 . 6 6 5 0 . 0 1 4 1 . 7 7 2 . 5 5 9 6 . 1 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 8 0 . 9 2 8 2 . 7 8 5 . 7 5 1 . 2 4 9 1 . 8 7 9 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 1 0 . 8 1 8 2 . 6 6 5 . 1 7 1 . 4 2 9 1 2 8 9 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 1 0 . 7 8 8 2 . 5 0 5 . 8 9 1 . 5 6 9 1 . 8 3 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 . 6 4 5 0 . 1 7 4 2 . 2 7 2 . 3 5 9 6 . 5 3 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 1 . 3 6 4 9 . 6 8 4 1 . 5 8 2 . 2 1 9 4 . 9 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 3 0 . 7 5 8 2 . 2 6 5 . 8 7 1 . 5 2 9 1 . 6 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 6 0 . 7 3 8 1 . 7 0 5 . 5 5 1 . 3 7 9 0 . 6 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 1 . 4 2 4 9 . 3 9 4 0 . 9 3 2 . 4 7 9 4 . 3 4 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 1 . 5 4 4 8 . 6 5 4 2 . 3 5 2 . 2 9 9 4 . 9 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 3 0 . 8 3 8 2 . 2 9 5 . 4 5 1 . 5 3 9 1 . 4 4 1 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 8 0 . 6 9 8 1 . 8 6 6 . 1 0 1 . 2 4 9 1 0 7 1 6 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 5 0 . 7 2 8 3 . 4 1 5 . 8 9 1 . 2 3 9 2 . 5 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 . 4 6 4 7 . 9 2 4 2 . 5 1 2 . 5 0 9 4 . 5 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 . 6 1 4 8 . 9 9 4 2 . 2 7 2 . 7 0 9 5 . 6 8 R I B - 1 6 1 0 . 0 1 1 . 4 2 0 . 8 3 8 4 . 6 7 6 . 8 0 1 . 4 0 9 5 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 . 6 0 5 1 . 8 0 4 3 . 5 6 2 . 1 5 9 9 . 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 . 5 1 5 0 . 8 7 4 3 . 0 8 1 . 9 3 9 7 . 4 8 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 . 5 1 5 1 . 6 7 4 3 . 2 9 1 . 8 4 9 8 . 4 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 . 7 3 5 2 . 3 5 4 2 . 3 9 2 . 6 8 9 9 . 2 5 4 0 . 0 1 1 . 4 2 0 . 7 5 8 3 . 5 5 6 . 0 5 1 . 2 6 9 3 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 7 1 . 3 3 0 . 7 2 8 4 . 0 8 6 . 2 2 1 . 1 2 9 3 . 5 4 5 0 . 0 3 1 . 1 3 1 . 0 0 8 6 . 4 4 5 . 9 6 1 . 5 9 9 6 . 1 5 5 0 . 0 5 1 . 1 6 0 . 8 5 8 4 . 9 4 5 . 6 9 1 . 6 4 9 4 . 3 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 1 . 7 0 5 2 . 2 1 4 1 . 6 7 2 . 3 0 9 7 . 9 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 . 4 9 5 2 . 4 5 4 1 . 5 5 2 . 2 9 9 7 . 8 9 7 0 . 1 2 1 . 1 7 1 . 0 2 8 4 . 0 6 5 . 9 2 1 . 5 2 9 3 . 8 1 7 0 . 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 . 1 6 8 5 . 5 0 5 . 6 9 1 . 6 5 9 5 . 2 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 7 1 . 6 7 5 2 . 1 7 4 1 . 4 1 2 . 1 9 9 7 . 5 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 1 . 5 2 5 1 . 8 8 4 3 . 0 3 2 . 0 6 9 8 . 5 7 1 0 p 1 0 . 0 1 1 . 3 1 0 . 2 9 8 3 . 4 2 5 . 7 1 0 . 2 9 9 1 . 0 3 1 0 p 1 0 . 0 1 1 . 0 7 0 . 2 3 8 2 . 9 9 5 . 4 6 0 . 1 7 8 9 . 9 3 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 5 . M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 A 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 F e O T 1 0 2 n m o T o t a l R I B - 1 6 , C o n t i n u e d 1 1 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 1 . 7 8 5 1 . 1 0 4 3 . 3 9 2 . 2 1 9 8 . 6 4 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 3 0 . 9 1 8 6 . 0 7 5 . 9 7 1 . 3 9 9 5 . 6 7 1 2 0 . 0 4 1 . 3 6 0 . 9 4 8 5 . 2 4 6 . 2 7 1 . 5 4 9 5 . 3 9 1 3 0 . 0 4 1 . 2 3 0 . 7 5 8 3 . 0 2 6 . 0 1 0 . 9 3 9 1 . 9 8 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 2 0 . 2 5 8 1 . 7 6 7 . 2 1 0 . 5 0 9 0 . 8 4 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 . 4 4 5 2 . 9 4 4 1 . 9 7 2 . 4 4 9 8 8 9 1 5 0 . 0 5 1 . 2 6 0 . 9 0 8 5 . 8 2 6 . 2 4 1 . 4 6 9 5 . 7 3 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 . 6 2 5 1 . 6 5 4 2 . 8 6 2 . 1 6 9 8 . 4 1 R 2 1 - l , R u n # 1 1 0 . 0 2 1 . 7 7 1 . 4 4 8 0 . 2 0 6 . 7 2 0 . 9 9 9 1 . 1 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 8 4 1 . 4 7 8 1 . 4 2 5 . 0 3 1 . 2 9 9 1 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 7 2 1 . 2 7 8 1 . 2 5 5 . 2 4 1 . 0 6 9 0 . 5 8 2 0 . 0 7 1 . 7 0 1 . 4 0 8 4 . 8 8 4 . 9 3 1 . 0 8 9 4 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 4 1 . 7 2 1 . 5 5 8 2 . 7 4 4 . 8 9 1 . 3 3 9 2 . 2 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 2 . 4 1 5 3 . 4 7 2 6 . 9 6 1 . 2 4 8 4 . 2 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 2 . 3 1 5 3 . 9 3 2 6 . 2 0 1 . 1 9 8 3 . 8 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 6 2 . 1 8 5 4 7 8 2 5 . 6 4 1 . 1 5 8 3 . 9 1 R 2 1 - l , R u n # 2 ‘ 1 0 . 0 2 1 . 6 7 1 . 3 8 8 0 . 1 7 9 . 6 5 1 . 5 6 9 4 . 4 5 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 5 6 1 . 2 7 8 1 . 0 1 7 . 4 8 1 . 1 4 9 2 . 4 9 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 6 1 . 4 8 8 1 . 5 1 7 . 6 0 1 . 3 3 9 3 . 5 8 2 0 . 0 2 1 . 8 7 1 . 3 3 7 7 . 5 5 9 . 4 5 1 . 5 5 9 1 . 7 7 2 0 . 0 5 1 . 7 0 1 . 1 0 7 8 . 5 9 9 . 2 2 1 . 3 0 9 1 . 9 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 1 . 6 9 5 5 . 6 8 3 8 . 9 2 1 . 0 0 9 7 . 5 3 4 0 . 0 4 1 . 5 7 0 . 4 9 7 7 . 1 4 8 . 5 5 0 . 6 9 8 8 . 4 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 8 3 5 4 . 9 2 4 0 . 2 7 1 . 2 8 9 8 . 4 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 2 . 2 3 5 4 . 8 3 3 8 . 9 8 1 . 4 7 9 7 . 8 0 6 0 . 0 1 1 . 6 5 1 . 3 1 8 1 . 1 1 8 . 0 5 1 1 . 1 5 9 3 . 2 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 2 . 1 1 5 3 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 2 1 . 2 6 9 6 . 7 4 8 0 . 0 2 1 . 6 2 1 . 1 1 7 9 . 9 5 7 . 3 5 1 . 1 3 9 1 . 1 8 9 0 . 0 4 1 . 6 2 1 . 1 5 7 7 . 9 6 7 . 9 8 1 . 0 7 8 9 . 8 2 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 2 . 2 7 5 3 . 7 9 3 9 . 1 6 1 . 3 8 9 6 . 8 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 2 . 1 6 5 2 . 0 9 3 9 . 3 5 0 . 7 0 9 4 . 4 8 1 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 5 5 1 . 1 1 8 1 . 3 4 7 . 9 7 1 . 1 7 9 3 . 1 7 1 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 5 9 1 . 0 9 8 1 . 2 0 8 . 3 2 1 . 1 2 9 3 . 3 5 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 2 . 1 4 5 4 . 7 2 3 9 . 3 9 1 . 1 6 9 7 . 6 3 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 1 . 4 4 5 5 . 4 7 3 7 . 5 5 0 . 9 8 9 5 . 6 7 1 3 0 . 0 4 1 . 5 7 1 . 3 9 8 2 . 6 9 8 . 2 4 1 . 3 6 9 5 . 2 9 1 3 0 . 0 4 1 . 6 0 1 . 2 8 8 4 . 0 7 6 . 7 6 1 . 2 7 9 5 . 0 2 1 3 0 . 0 3 1 . 5 8 1 . 3 5 8 3 . 1 8 6 . 7 7 1 . 3 1 9 4 . 2 2 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 6 M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 3 1 2 0 3 M 9 0 T o o T 1 0 2 u n o T o t a l l £ 2 1 - 5 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 9 1 . 1 3 8 2 . 7 5 7 . 3 1 1 . 3 2 9 3 . 8 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 8 1 . 1 4 8 4 . 0 3 4 . 6 5 1 . 2 8 9 2 . 4 8 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 9 0 . 3 9 8 1 . 3 1 4 . 3 1 0 . 5 3 8 7 . 8 3 2 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 6 0 . 1 5 7 8 . 0 6 6 . 2 3 0 . 2 9 8 5 . 9 9 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 0 1 . 1 1 8 4 . 2 2 4 . 5 2 1 . 3 7 9 2 . 5 2 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 2 0 . 2 5 7 9 . 4 4 4 . 0 8 0 . 3 4 8 5 . 4 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 6 1 . 1 7 8 4 . 3 7 2 . 8 1 1 . 2 4 9 1 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 . 8 4 5 3 . 8 6 3 7 1 6 1 . 3 1 9 4 . 2 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 1 . 8 9 5 4 . 9 2 3 7 3 1 1 . 3 2 9 5 . 5 9 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 2 0 . 3 8 7 7 . 5 4 5 . 8 5 0 . 5 9 8 5 . 6 8 5 0 . 0 1 1 . 3 4 1 . 1 9 8 2 . 4 9 5 . 6 5 1 . 1 7 9 1 . 8 5 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 7 0 . 5 5 7 9 . 9 9 5 . 2 8 0 . 7 4 8 7 . 8 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 9 3 5 3 . 7 3 3 8 . 2 3 1 . 4 8 9 5 . 5 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 . 8 5 5 2 . 3 3 3 9 . 4 9 1 . 4 4 9 5 . 2 3 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 4 1 . 1 7 5 2 . 2 1 3 9 . 2 3 0 . 8 5 9 3 6 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 7 2 5 5 . 5 5 3 7 . 0 8 1 . 2 5 9 5 . 7 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 1 . 7 0 5 2 . 4 6 3 9 . 2 5 1 . 2 6 9 4 . 8 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 1 . 6 5 5 2 . 7 4 3 7 . 4 1 1 . 2 7 9 3 . 2 2 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 1 9 1 . 2 5 7 9 . 8 9 8 . 7 2 1 . 4 9 9 2 . 5 4 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 9 1 . 3 1 8 3 . 6 1 6 . 5 0 1 . 2 8 9 4 . 0 9 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 3 7 1 . 1 9 8 2 . 3 1 5 . 9 2 1 . 2 6 9 2 . 0 5 1 1 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 7 6 5 4 . 9 1 3 7 . 9 3 1 . 2 7 9 6 . 0 4 1 1 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 1 . 8 8 5 4 . 9 0 3 7 . 8 7 1 . 3 8 9 6 . 2 1 1 2 p 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 2 1 . 0 4 8 1 . 3 3 5 . 5 0 1 . 0 4 9 0 . 3 3 1 2 p 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 2 7 1 . 0 7 8 1 . 4 1 6 . 4 0 1 . 1 6 9 1 . 3 1 R 2 1 - 1 3 1 0 . 0 1 3 . 5 3 2 . 4 2 7 6 . 7 0 9 . 1 5 0 . 8 8 9 2 . 7 0 1 0 . 0 0 2 . 8 4 1 . 8 1 7 8 . 0 1 9 . 0 0 0 . 6 1 9 2 . 2 7 2 0 . 0 0 3 . 4 0 2 . 3 0 7 6 . 6 0 9 . 5 0 0 . 7 0 9 2 . 5 0 2 0 . 0 0 3 . 2 2 2 . 0 9 7 6 . 0 6 8 . 7 5 0 . 5 4 9 0 . 6 7 3 0 . 0 1 2 . 6 4 3 . 0 2 7 5 . 3 0 7 . 8 8 1 . 3 2 9 0 . 1 8 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 6 1 1 . 8 2 7 6 . 5 8 8 . 5 9 0 . 5 6 9 0 . 1 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 2 . 7 6 5 0 . 3 8 4 0 . 1 1 0 . 7 8 9 4 . 3 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 2 . 1 5 5 7 . 1 7 3 4 . 0 6 0 . 4 2 9 4 . 2 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 3 . 0 6 5 3 . 5 6 3 5 . 6 1 0 . 7 9 9 3 . 2 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 2 . 7 6 5 0 . 3 1 4 0 . 4 7 0 . 8 3 9 4 . 6 5 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 2 . 5 9 5 3 . 1 7 3 8 . 0 0 0 . 6 7 9 4 . 7 5 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 2 . 9 3 5 5 . 7 0 3 5 . 2 0 0 . 7 1 9 4 . 9 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 0 3 . 1 1 5 2 . 1 8 3 7 . 3 9 0 . 7 9 9 3 . 7 6 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 7 . M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 A 1 2 0 3 u g o F e O T 1 0 2 u n o T o t a l R 2 3 - 1 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 0 0 . 9 9 8 1 . 3 5 8 . 6 4 1 . 3 2 9 3 . 7 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 . 4 2 0 . 9 8 8 2 . 4 0 6 . 9 8 1 . 4 1 9 3 . 1 9 2 0 . 0 0 2 . 0 4 1 . 5 2 7 9 . 7 7 1 0 . 2 1 0 . 8 1 9 4 . 3 5 2 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 7 1 . 2 6 7 9 . 5 8 8 . 8 0 0 . 8 1 9 2 . 8 2 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 7 5 1 . 0 7 7 9 . 6 5 9 . 4 8 1 . 0 3 9 2 . 9 8 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 2 5 1 . 1 1 7 8 . 6 2 7 . 8 8 1 . 1 3 9 0 . 9 9 4 0 . 0 0 1 . 7 7 1 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 3 8 . 6 0 1 . 2 2 9 2 . 7 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 3 1 . 2 3 8 1 . 1 6 8 . 4 1 1 . 2 7 9 4 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 4 1 . 0 0 7 1 . 8 3 7 . 7 8 1 . 3 6 8 3 . 9 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 1 . 9 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 7 . 8 8 1 . 2 7 9 4 . 5 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 1 . 8 6 5 3 . 1 2 3 9 . 0 8 1 . 1 8 9 5 . 4 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 5 2 . 3 1 5 1 . 0 6 4 0 . 2 2 1 . 9 4 9 5 . 6 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 2 . 1 1 5 1 . 1 0 3 7 . 9 7 1 . 3 4 9 2 . 7 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 1 . 6 5 5 1 . 8 6 3 9 . 9 9 1 . 1 7 9 4 . 8 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 1 . 9 5 5 4 . 7 8 3 5 . 1 4 1 . 3 8 9 3 . 4 2 9 0 . 0 0 2 . 1 2 1 . 2 3 8 0 . 8 9 8 . 2 2 1 . 2 9 9 3 . 7 5 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 1 1 . 1 5 7 9 . 9 3 8 . 8 9 1 . 2 1 9 2 . 9 9 1 0 0 . 0 4 1 . 8 5 1 . 2 1 8 1 . 5 4 8 . 3 1 1 . 3 5 9 4 . 3 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 1 1 . 6 9 5 0 . 5 2 3 9 . 6 5 2 . 0 0 9 4 . 0 7 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 8 2 . 1 3 5 1 . 8 5 3 9 . 3 4 1 . 7 5 9 5 . 2 5 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 2 . 3 1 4 9 . 3 1 4 0 . 5 4 1 . 4 6 9 3 . 8 8 1 3 0 . 0 1 1 . 7 6 1 . 1 3 8 0 . 0 1 8 . 9 6 1 . 0 2 9 2 . 8 9 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 . 9 4 1 . 2 0 7 8 . 9 4 8 . 8 1 1 . 2 1 9 2 . 1 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 2 . 5 1 5 2 . 9 1 3 7 . 9 9 2 . 3 4 9 5 . 9 4 1 5 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 1 1 . 6 1 7 8 . 0 5 9 . 6 4 1 . 1 4 9 2 . 3 9 1 5 0 . 0 3 2 . 2 7 1 . 5 9 8 0 . 3 0 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 1 9 9 5 . 4 2 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 6 2 . 1 1 5 1 . 1 3 3 9 . 7 0 1 . 2 2 9 4 . 4 2 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 2 . 3 6 5 1 . 4 8 3 9 . 8 6 1 . 1 9 9 5 . 1 2 1 7 0 . 0 2 1 . 7 6 1 . 4 8 8 0 . 5 2 8 . 5 6 1 . 1 7 9 3 . 5 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 2 1 . 3 1 8 1 . 9 4 9 . 2 8 1 . 5 4 9 5 . 0 9 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 1 . 9 9 5 5 . 3 1 3 8 . 7 7 1 . 1 1 9 7 . 4 1 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 1 . 8 8 5 5 . 7 7 3 7 . 6 6 1 . 0 5 9 6 . 5 8 1 9 0 . 0 1 1 . 8 4 1 . 4 7 8 1 . 3 9 8 . 4 6 1 . 3 6 9 4 . 5 3 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 . 5 9 1 . 1 4 7 9 . 1 3 8 . 7 9 1 . 0 5 9 1 . 7 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 2 2 . 1 9 5 2 . 5 2 4 1 . 1 4 1 . 4 5 9 7 . 5 2 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 1 . 3 4 5 4 . 6 5 3 7 . 8 0 0 . 8 6 9 4 . 8 5 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 0 8 . M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 A 1 2 0 3 a g o T o o T 1 0 2 m o o T o t a l R 2 3 - 2 4 1 0 . 0 0 3 . 1 3 1 . 9 6 7 4 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 2 9 0 . 9 9 1 0 . 0 0 2 . 6 8 2 . 0 1 7 7 . 5 4 8 . 6 4 0 . 7 7 9 1 . 6 4 2 0 . 0 2 2 . 7 4 2 . 3 5 7 5 . 0 5 8 . 7 8 0 . 9 1 8 9 . 8 5 2 0 . 0 1 2 . 7 8 2 . 3 2 7 8 . 0 2 9 . 0 5 0 . 8 1 9 2 . 9 9 3 0 . 0 0 3 . 4 4 2 . 2 0 7 6 0 7 9 . 3 9 0 . 7 1 9 1 . 8 1 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 5 8 2 . 1 7 7 7 . 6 3 8 . 6 9 0 . 8 6 9 1 . 9 3 4 0 . 0 4 1 . 8 5 1 . 6 1 7 7 . 9 1 9 . 0 4 0 . 8 7 9 1 . 3 2 4 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 4 1 . 7 3 7 8 0 5 8 . 8 9 0 . 8 8 9 1 . 1 9 5 0 . 0 0 2 . 7 3 2 . 2 3 7 7 . 5 9 9 . 4 9 0 . 8 4 9 2 . 8 8 5 0 . 0 0 2 . 7 6 2 . 5 2 7 5 . 6 8 9 . 1 9 1 . 8 7 9 2 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 3 2 . 5 0 5 1 . 1 8 3 8 . 3 2 0 . 5 2 9 2 . 9 5 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 2 . 7 9 5 1 . 1 8 3 8 . 3 0 0 . 6 6 9 3 . 3 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 3 1 . 6 1 7 8 . 6 9 9 . 2 6 0 . 8 4 9 2 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 0 2 . 0 2 1 . 6 7 7 8 . 3 5 9 . 3 8 0 . 8 2 9 2 . 2 4 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 2 . 3 8 5 0 . 2 3 3 8 . 6 1 0 . 6 3 9 2 . 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 2 . 4 5 5 2 1 9 3 8 . 8 2 0 . 6 2 9 4 . 4 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 2 . 4 0 5 2 . 2 9 3 8 . 1 0 0 . 6 1 9 3 . 7 2 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 0 2 . 6 1 5 0 8 7 3 8 . 8 1 0 . 6 1 9 3 . 3 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 2 . 7 3 5 1 7 7 3 6 . 9 0 0 . 6 0 9 2 . 3 3 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 2 . 7 3 5 2 . 3 5 3 9 . 4 2 0 . 5 8 9 5 . 4 9 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 2 . 6 2 5 1 . 4 4 3 9 . 6 0 0 . 6 9 9 4 . 7 6 1 2 0 . 0 3 3 . 1 6 2 . 3 1 7 5 . 1 0 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 8 0 9 2 . 0 5 1 2 0 . 0 0 3 . 0 9 2 . 1 6 7 6 . 5 2 9 . 4 9 0 . 6 9 9 1 . 9 5 1 3 0 . 0 0 3 . 2 7 2 . 2 0 7 2 . 1 9 1 1 . 3 9 0 . 8 2 8 9 . 8 7 1 4 0 . 0 0 3 . 3 1 2 . 3 1 7 6 . 0 5 9 . 3 1 0 . 8 2 9 1 . 8 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 2 . 9 3 2 . 1 6 7 4 . 5 1 9 . 6 8 0 . 9 9 9 0 . 2 7 1 5 0 . 0 0 2 . 7 5 2 . 0 6 7 5 . 8 2 9 . 0 6 0 . 9 5 9 0 . 6 4 1 6 0 . 0 1 2 . 8 3 2 . 2 1 7 5 . 5 8 9 . 1 9 0 . 9 3 9 0 . 7 5 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 2 . 7 5 5 2 . 0 0 3 8 . 3 1 0 . 6 3 9 4 . 0 8 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 2 . 0 7 5 0 . 3 8 3 7 . 7 9 0 . 4 3 9 1 . 0 2 1 8 0 . 0 0 2 . 5 6 2 . 2 7 7 4 . 5 1 9 . 4 1 1 . 0 3 8 9 . 7 8 1 8 0 . 0 0 2 . 3 9 2 . 2 3 7 5 . 6 5 9 . 8 1 0 . 9 4 9 1 . 0 2 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 3 2 . 3 4 5 1 . 6 0 3 8 . 3 4 0 . 6 2 9 3 . 2 3 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 2 . 8 2 5 2 . 6 5 3 6 . 8 3 0 . 6 7 9 3 . 2 8 2 0 0 . 0 0 2 . 4 2 2 . 1 1 7 5 . 8 2 9 . 3 8 0 . 8 3 9 0 . 5 6 2 0 0 . 0 2 2 . 6 3 2 . 3 3 7 6 . 3 9 9 . 2 7 0 . 8 9 9 1 . 5 3 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 9 2 . 7 6 5 1 . 4 9 3 8 . 5 2 0 . 5 5 9 3 . 7 1 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 8 2 . 7 1 5 1 . 4 7 3 9 . 8 6 0 . 5 5 9 4 . 9 7 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 2 . 9 4 5 0 . 4 9 3 9 . 3 7 0 . 7 3 9 3 . 8 0 2 3 0 . 0 0 3 . 5 4 2 . 2 5 7 7 . 4 0 1 0 . 9 0 0 . 6 8 9 4 . 7 7 2 3 0 . 0 0 2 . 9 8 1 . 6 9 7 9 . 5 0 9 . 3 2 0 . 5 3 9 4 . 0 4 2 3 0 . 0 4 2 . 5 9 2 . 3 4 7 9 . 4 5 9 . 6 3 0 . 9 8 9 5 . 0 5 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 4 2 . 7 1 5 2 . 7 0 4 0 . 3 9 0 . 6 5 9 6 . 8 9 3 0 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . I M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S R a i n i e r M e s a M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 A 1 2 0 3 u g o F e O T 1 0 2 M n O T o t a l R 2 3 - 2 4 , C o n t i n u e d 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 1 2 . 6 1 5 2 . 1 2 4 0 . 9 0 0 . 5 4 9 6 . 5 8 R 2 3 - 2 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 1 1 . 9 3 5 5 . 6 8 4 0 . 4 0 1 . 0 6 9 9 . 3 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 2 . 0 8 5 4 . 1 9 4 0 . 1 5 1 . 0 0 9 7 . 7 4 2 0 . 0 4 1 . 7 7 1 . 4 7 8 0 . 2 2 9 . 7 8 1 . 0 1 9 4 . 2 8 2 0 . 0 4 1 . 8 1 1 . 6 7 8 0 . 8 9 9 . 9 0 1 . 2 1 9 5 . 5 1 3 0 . 0 1 2 . 0 0 1 . 9 6 7 9 . 7 6 8 . 1 5 1 . 5 1 9 3 . 3 9 3 0 . 0 3 1 . 5 8 1 . 5 2 7 9 . 1 5 8 . 7 9 1 . 4 5 9 2 . 5 2 4 0 . 0 3 2 . 3 5 1 . 7 2 7 8 . 8 4 9 . 0 6 1 . 3 1 9 3 . 3 1 4 0 . 0 0 2 . 5 8 1 . 8 0 7 9 . 7 7 7 . 9 2 1 . 2 5 9 3 . 3 2 5 0 . 0 3 2 . 5 8 1 . 9 9 7 7 . 4 7 8 . 5 7 1 . 4 0 9 2 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 3 2 . 1 6 1 . 6 2 7 8 . 5 9 9 . 9 7 1 . 3 8 9 3 . 7 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 2 . 3 8 5 3 . 4 1 3 9 . 7 7 1 . 4 2 9 7 . 2 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 8 1 . 6 5 5 5 . 3 5 3 8 . 8 2 0 . 9 7 9 7 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 3 1 . 7 1 2 . 0 6 8 0 . 2 0 9 . 1 0 1 . 5 2 9 4 . 6 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 . 8 7 1 . 5 8 7 7 . 7 6 9 . 3 1 1 . 1 2 9 1 . 6 4 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 9 3 . 1 6 5 3 . 2 2 4 0 . 2 6 1 . 6 0 9 8 . 4 3 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 2 . 7 1 5 3 . 9 0 3 8 . 3 2 1 . 2 8 9 6 . 4 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 0 2 . 3 1 5 5 . 5 2 3 8 . 4 2 1 . 1 1 9 7 . 5 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 7 2 . 3 5 5 5 . 8 6 3 8 . 3 3 1 . 1 1 9 7 . 8 3 1 0 0 . 0 3 1 . 2 7 1 . 4 1 8 4 . 0 1 6 . 3 4 1 . 0 3 9 4 . 0 8 1 0 0 . 0 3 1 . 3 6 1 . 3 9 8 5 . 2 1 5 . 8 7 1 . 0 2 9 4 . 8 8 1 0 0 . 0 3 1 . 3 1 1 . 9 1 8 1 . 9 4 8 . 3 9 1 . 5 1 9 5 . 0 9 R 2 3 - 2 7 1 0 . 0 2 2 . 6 4 1 . 7 8 7 9 . 9 2 9 . 8 6 0 . 7 1 9 4 . 9 4 1 0 . 0 1 2 . 8 5 2 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 9 9 . 3 5 0 . 7 7 9 5 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 5 2 . 2 8 2 . 0 5 8 0 . 1 0 9 . 6 2 0 . 8 9 9 4 . 9 8 2 0 . 0 2 3 . 0 7 2 . 2 6 7 8 . 7 3 9 . 5 1 0 . 8 7 9 4 . 4 5 3 0 . 0 2 2 . 7 8 2 . 2 7 7 9 . 2 4 9 . 5 5 0 . 8 5 9 4 . 7 1 3 0 . 0 5 2 . 9 9 2 . 2 4 7 9 . 1 4 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 7 5 9 5 . 4 0 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 4 2 2 . 5 3 5 3 . 4 5 3 9 . 1 5 0 . 5 5 9 6 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 2 2 . 5 4 5 3 . 8 6 3 9 . 4 3 0 . 6 6 9 6 . 8 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 5 2 . 3 9 5 3 . 4 4 3 9 . 1 3 0 . 6 1 9 5 . 9 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 2 . 6 4 5 4 . 0 3 3 9 . 2 7 0 . 6 5 9 6 . 9 5 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 7 2 . 2 7 5 4 . 4 6 3 8 . 7 4 0 . 5 1 9 6 . 3 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 3 6 2 . 5 2 5 5 . 4 0 3 8 . 7 6 0 . 8 9 9 7 . 9 4 7 0 . 0 1 2 . 4 7 1 . 7 1 8 0 . 2 5 8 . 8 2 0 . 9 6 9 4 . 2 2 7 0 . 0 3 2 . 6 0 2 . 1 6 7 9 . 7 5 9 . 3 4 0 . 8 1 9 4 . 6 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 1 0 I M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 1 1 2 0 3 u g o T o o T 1 0 2 M n O T o t a l 1 0 5 - 3 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 8 8 4 . 8 2 5 . 4 4 3 . 0 3 9 4 . 6 4 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 5 8 2 . 2 3 5 . 2 1 2 . 6 5 9 1 . 3 7 3 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 6 8 4 . 1 5 4 . 7 5 2 . 6 7 9 2 . 8 9 4 0 . 0 1 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 0 8 4 . 4 6 4 . 7 7 2 . 9 5 9 3 . 5 8 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 8 8 4 . 1 6 0 . 2 3 2 . 4 5 8 7 . 4 9 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 5 9 0 . 4 1 8 3 . 2 1 4 . 8 7 2 . 6 9 9 1 . 8 1 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 9 8 3 . 4 0 4 . 7 9 2 . 5 6 9 2 . 1 6 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 1 0 . 6 7 8 5 . 5 6 4 . 6 5 2 . 9 5 9 4 . 4 6 9 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 6 0 . 7 7 8 2 . 3 5 4 . 8 3 2 . 9 2 9 1 . 5 5 1 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 1 8 5 . 3 5 4 . 9 2 2 . 0 0 9 3 . 6 7 1 0 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 3 8 4 . 5 5 5 . 2 6 2 . 3 6 9 3 . 4 8 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 5 3 4 3 . 9 1 4 6 . 0 1 6 . 5 8 9 8 . 0 9 I U i - B S 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 7 0 . 8 9 8 3 . 3 5 6 . 3 4 1 . 9 1 9 3 . 2 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 9 0 . 8 2 8 3 . 8 7 5 . 9 8 2 . 0 2 9 3 . 3 8 2 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 7 3 4 9 . 9 7 4 1 . 3 8 3 . 3 1 9 6 . 4 5 2 p 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 9 8 5 . 1 4 6 . 1 1 1 . 7 3 9 4 . 4 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 7 3 5 0 . 5 9 4 2 . 3 3 3 . 0 6 9 7 . 7 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 4 7 8 4 . 3 6 6 . 1 2 1 . 5 6 9 3 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 6 6 0 . 7 9 8 4 . 5 2 5 . 7 6 1 . 9 8 9 3 . 7 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 5 6 5 0 . 8 7 4 1 . 3 0 3 . 2 2 9 6 . 9 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 3 1 . 7 0 4 9 . 0 7 4 1 . 6 2 4 . 1 0 9 6 . 5 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 8 8 3 . 8 3 6 . 1 5 1 . 8 7 9 3 . 4 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 . 7 7 0 . 6 2 8 4 . 1 3 6 . 2 8 1 . 4 8 9 3 . 2 8 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 . 6 0 5 0 . 8 3 4 2 . 1 3 3 . 2 9 9 7 . 8 5 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 2 1 . 6 3 5 0 . 2 1 4 2 . 5 5 3 . 2 3 9 7 . 6 4 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 8 6 . 6 6 0 . 0 5 0 . 4 7 8 7 . 3 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 6 1 . 7 1 4 9 . 6 4 4 1 . 5 9 3 . 1 6 9 6 . 1 6 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 . 8 2 0 . 7 7 8 3 . 0 7 5 . 8 6 1 . 9 0 9 2 . 4 2 1 0 5 - 5 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 2 . 6 0 4 3 . 6 2 4 8 . 5 8 3 . 4 1 9 8 . 3 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 3 . 0 1 4 5 . 3 1 4 3 . 0 9 4 . 2 9 9 5 . 7 9 3 p 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 2 7 1 . 1 2 7 9 . 5 4 8 . 3 9 2 . 0 8 9 2 . 4 3 4 p 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 1 7 9 4 6 . 5 3 4 4 . 0 0 2 . 3 3 9 4 . 7 7 3 p 1 0 . 0 4 1 . 0 8 1 . 2 6 7 9 . 5 5 7 . 9 8 2 . 1 5 9 2 . 0 6 3 p 1 0 . 0 3 1 . 2 3 0 . 9 8 7 9 . 5 6 8 . 2 9 1 . 7 2 9 1 . 8 1 3 p 1 0 . 0 6 1 . 0 3 1 . 2 0 8 1 . 7 0 7 . 6 4 2 . 0 9 9 3 . 7 2 5 0 . 0 5 1 . 3 3 1 . 3 0 7 7 . 7 4 8 . 2 1 2 . 8 1 9 1 . 4 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 2 2 . 9 3 4 3 . 7 2 4 3 . 4 0 4 . 1 4 9 4 . 3 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 2 . 4 8 4 7 . 3 0 4 2 . 5 8 3 . 7 5 9 6 . 1 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 9 1 . 9 4 4 6 . 2 4 4 2 . 7 9 3 . 1 3 9 4 . 1 9 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 1 1 M A G N E T I T E A N D I I M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 3 1 2 0 3 u g o T o o T 1 0 2 u n o T o t a l A 5 - 5 8 , C o n t i n u e d 8 p 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 2 . 6 1 4 4 . 7 7 4 3 . 7 4 3 . 4 5 9 4 . 6 7 9 p 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 8 9 0 . 9 3 7 8 . 1 7 8 . 0 6 1 . 8 4 8 9 . 9 2 9 p 2 0 . 0 3 1 . 0 5 1 . 1 2 7 9 . 5 3 8 . 1 5 2 . 0 8 9 1 . 9 6 9 p 2 0 . 0 7 1 . 1 9 1 . 2 4 7 9 . 5 3 7 . 7 9 2 . 1 9 9 2 . 0 1 9 p 2 0 . 0 6 1 . 2 2 1 . 3 3 7 9 . 2 5 8 . 2 6 2 . 2 8 9 2 . 4 0 8 p 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 3 2 . 7 8 4 5 . 0 9 4 4 . 1 3 3 . 9 4 9 6 . 0 7 1 0 p 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 1 1 . 7 1 4 7 . 8 0 4 2 . 3 7 2 . 5 1 9 4 . 5 0 1 1 p 3 0 . 0 5 1 . 1 6 1 . 1 0 7 7 . 1 3 8 . 5 3 2 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 3 1 1 p 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 8 5 0 . 7 6 8 0 . 4 1 8 . 0 4 1 . 6 1 9 1 . 7 3 1 1 p 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 9 7 1 . 0 3 7 8 . 9 4 7 . 8 4 2 . 1 5 9 0 . 9 9 1 1 p 3 0 . 0 6 0 . 8 4 0 . 9 0 7 9 . 8 2 7 . 8 5 2 . 2 5 9 1 . 7 2 1 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 9 4 1 . 1 8 8 1 . 1 9 7 . 1 8 2 . 1 2 9 2 . 6 4 1 2 0 . 0 5 0 . 9 4 1 . 0 5 8 0 . 2 1 7 . 9 7 2 . 2 7 9 2 . 4 9 1 2 0 . 0 7 1 . 0 1 1 . 2 4 7 8 . 9 8 7 . 9 2 2 . 2 0 9 1 . 4 2 1 0 5 - 7 1 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 8 3 . 4 6 4 5 . 6 2 4 3 . 9 6 2 . 9 1 9 6 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 7 3 . 4 1 4 4 . 2 0 4 4 . 8 3 3 . 0 0 9 5 . 6 4 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 5 2 . 3 9 4 4 . 4 9 4 3 . 9 6 2 . 3 7 9 3 . 3 7 4 0 . 1 0 1 . 6 3 1 . 4 8 7 9 . 1 8 7 . 9 8 1 . 8 3 9 2 . 2 0 4 0 . 0 6 1 . 5 1 1 . 8 3 7 8 . 3 4 8 . 1 2 1 . 7 3 9 1 . 5 9 4 0 . 0 9 1 . 3 0 1 . 7 9 7 8 . 5 7 7 . 9 5 1 . 9 4 9 1 . 6 4 5 0 . 0 7 2 . 0 4 2 . 3 1 7 5 . 5 9 1 1 . 3 8 1 . 1 2 9 2 . 5 1 5 0 . 0 6 2 . 2 9 2 . 5 2 7 5 . 5 7 9 . 9 0 1 . 2 4 9 1 . 5 8 6 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 5 3 . 1 2 4 7 . 5 6 4 1 . 9 7 1 . 5 8 9 4 . 5 2 6 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 2 . 9 0 4 7 . 1 7 4 1 . 2 7 1 . 6 2 9 3 . 2 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 2 3 . 1 4 4 5 . 6 3 4 2 . 0 0 3 . 1 0 9 4 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 1 . 8 7 2 . 2 4 7 3 . 6 6 1 0 . 2 1 1 . 7 3 8 9 . 7 9 8 0 . 0 9 1 . 6 6 2 . 2 1 7 5 . 4 3 1 2 . 1 0 1 . 7 6 9 3 . 2 5 9 0 . 0 9 1 . 4 4 1 . 4 3 7 8 . 3 4 8 . 2 3 1 . 9 8 9 1 . 5 1 9 0 . 0 7 1 . 8 8 1 . 8 1 7 9 . 2 0 8 . 5 7 2 . 0 8 9 3 . 6 1 9 0 . 0 6 1 . 8 5 1 . 8 5 7 9 . 4 3 6 . 8 9 2 . 0 9 9 2 . 1 7 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 9 2 . 0 7 4 8 . 3 3 4 1 . 2 8 2 . 1 5 9 3 . 9 3 1 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 4 3 . 4 7 4 5 . 1 7 4 4 . 2 3 3 . 0 1 9 6 . 0 3 1 2 0 . 0 8 1 . 6 4 1 . 7 2 7 4 . 1 0 1 1 . 0 9 2 . 0 9 9 0 . 7 2 1 2 0 . 0 7 1 . 4 1 1 . 7 7 7 6 . 1 9 1 0 . 2 7 2 . 0 4 9 1 . 7 5 1 2 0 . 0 7 1 . 5 8 1 . 6 4 7 5 . 1 7 1 2 . 0 9 1 . 7 7 9 2 . 3 2 1 3 0 . 0 9 1 . 3 9 1 . 6 8 7 5 . 1 2 1 0 . 4 1 1 . 9 8 9 0 . 6 7 1 3 0 . 0 8 1 . 3 5 1 . 5 3 7 3 . 5 0 1 4 . 1 8 1 . 7 6 9 2 . 4 0 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 1 2 M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n # C r 2 0 3 3 1 2 0 3 a g o T o o T 1 0 2 u n o T o t a l 1 u 5 - 7 2 1 0 . 0 6 1 . 9 4 2 . 2 5 7 2 . 6 1 1 9 . 5 8 1 . 2 8 9 7 . 7 2 1 0 . 0 5 1 . 4 8 2 . 4 6 8 2 . 9 0 4 . 9 5 1 . 6 4 9 3 . 4 8 1 0 . 0 6 2 . 2 1 2 . 2 9 7 4 . 3 9 1 3 . 3 7 1 . 5 6 9 3 . 8 8 2 0 . 0 5 2 . 4 3 2 . 5 5 7 6 . 0 1 1 0 . 2 4 1 . 6 0 9 2 . 8 8 2 0 . 0 8 2 . 2 7 2 . 5 8 7 6 . 3 2 1 1 . 7 8 1 . 5 7 9 4 . 6 0 2 0 . 0 4 1 . 9 4 2 . 4 1 7 5 . 6 6 1 1 . 7 0 1 . 5 6 9 3 . 3 1 3 0 . 0 3 2 . 2 9 2 . 6 1 7 6 . 7 9 1 1 . 0 6 1 . 3 8 9 4 . 1 6 3 0 . 0 6 2 . 1 3 2 . 6 9 7 7 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 1 1 . 2 6 9 5 . 8 0 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 7 8 6 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 . 4 2 8 6 . 8 7 4 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 9 0 . 2 2 8 7 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 . 1 0 8 7 . 7 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 4 3 . 0 7 4 9 . 0 2 4 1 . 8 8 1 . 3 6 9 5 . 5 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 7 3 . 1 0 4 8 . 4 2 4 2 . 3 0 1 . 3 1 9 5 . 4 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 6 9 8 1 . 8 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 3 3 . 5 9 4 6 . 8 7 4 2 . 3 8 1 . 4 8 9 4 . 5 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 5 3 . 5 3 4 7 . 6 9 4 2 . 7 1 1 . 3 7 9 5 . 5 5 8 0 . 0 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 3 4 7 5 0 4 1 1 . 5 1 1 . 3 6 9 2 . 4 2 1 0 5 - 7 5 1 0 . 0 3 4 . 4 5 3 . 5 1 7 7 . 0 4 7 . 8 6 0 . 9 2 9 3 . 8 1 1 0 . 0 2 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 2 7 8 . 3 7 7 . 0 1 0 . 8 9 9 2 . 7 7 1 0 . 0 0 3 . 7 2 3 . 3 1 7 6 . 1 1 7 . 5 9 0 . 9 3 9 1 . 6 6 2 0 . 0 3 3 . 3 2 3 . 0 0 7 7 . 5 6 7 . 4 1 0 . 7 8 9 2 . 1 0 2 0 . 0 6 3 . 2 2 3 . 1 4 7 7 . 8 6 7 . 6 2 0 . 7 6 9 2 . 6 6 2 0 . 0 4 3 . 6 2 3 . 3 2 7 6 . 0 2 8 . 1 8 0 . 7 4 9 1 . 9 2 3 0 . 0 4 4 . 0 1 3 . 1 7 7 7 . 8 4 7 . 5 5 0 . 6 5 9 3 . 2 6 3 0 . 0 6 2 . 1 5 2 . 3 7 7 9 . 4 9 6 . 7 0 0 . 8 0 9 1 . 5 7 4 0 . 0 6 2 . 4 8 2 . 8 6 8 1 . 5 7 5 . 3 1 0 . 7 9 9 3 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 4 4 . 4 9 3 . 6 0 7 4 . 8 1 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 7 4 9 4 . 4 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 . 7 6 3 . 6 2 8 6 . 2 2 1 . 2 7 0 . 8 5 9 5 . 7 7 4 0 . 0 6 0 . 7 7 2 . 1 0 8 6 . 3 6 0 . 0 8 0 . 5 5 8 9 . 9 2 4 0 . 0 3 1 . 5 8 2 . 2 2 8 1 . 6 3 3 . 0 5 1 . 0 2 8 9 . 5 3 5 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 9 8 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 4 8 8 . 9 6 5 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 5 3 0 . 6 3 0 . 2 0 9 1 . 4 6 6 0 . 0 1 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 6 8 7 . 3 5 0 . 0 5 0 . 2 6 8 8 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 8 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 8 8 . 6 0 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 1 3 M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n I T a o T 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 M n O u g o C a O c : 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 T o t a l 1 4 - 7 0 1 4 8 . 0 6 8 4 1 . 1 5 9 0 . 0 9 1 3 . 3 8 0 2 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 4 . 8 6 1 1 4 9 . 8 1 4 3 5 . 3 4 6 0 . 0 6 6 5 . 9 3 8 3 . 4 1 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 0 9 9 4 . 6 2 0 1 4 7 . 8 9 2 4 2 . 2 4 2 0 . 0 7 9 2 . 6 3 4 1 . 7 9 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 5 9 4 . 7 3 4 2 4 9 . 1 1 5 4 1 . 2 1 9 0 . 0 6 4 2 . 3 1 4 1 . 7 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 4 . 4 4 4 2 4 7 . 0 4 4 4 4 . 8 1 2 0 0 6 4 1 . 4 8 6 1 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 4 . 5 2 7 3 4 7 . 0 7 0 4 1 . 9 9 7 0 . 0 6 6 3 . 2 7 5 1 . 8 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 4 . 2 1 4 3 4 7 . 9 9 9 4 2 . 4 0 7 0 . 0 8 5 2 . 8 8 1 1 . 5 5 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 9 9 4 . 9 3 3 4 4 7 . 6 1 4 3 8 . 2 8 2 0 . 0 7 0 5 . 7 1 5 3 . 5 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 5 . 2 0 7 4 5 5 . 1 8 9 3 5 . 3 4 3 0 . 0 9 4 1 . 9 8 8 1 . 0 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 2 9 3 . 6 6 2 5 4 2 . 3 5 7 4 2 . 8 0 4 0 . 0 5 7 6 . 7 4 7 3 . 5 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 5 . 5 1 8 5 4 3 . 7 9 7 4 3 . 7 1 3 0 . 0 7 2 4 . 3 7 7 2 . 6 6 9 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 ‘ 0 . 0 0 2 9 4 . 6 3 6 6 5 0 . 6 6 0 3 4 . 9 9 6 0 . 0 5 7 5 . 9 2 5 3 . 5 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 6 9 5 . 1 6 5 7 p 1 3 9 . 7 1 2 4 3 . 5 9 3 0 . 0 3 0 7 . 8 3 5 3 . 5 2 3 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 4 . 7 1 0 7 p 1 4 6 . 9 6 9 3 9 . 2 7 4 0 . 0 8 9 5 . 4 7 9 2 . 9 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 0 2 9 4 . 7 7 1 8 p 1 8 4 . 1 8 9 5 . 0 5 1 0 . 7 7 3 1 . 6 4 1 0 . 7 4 6 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 2 8 9 2 . 4 6 6 8 p 1 8 2 . 7 6 7 6 . 4 4 9 0 . 7 6 1 1 . 0 7 3 0 . 4 1 6 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 9 1 . 5 6 4 9 p 2 3 9 . 1 9 4 4 8 . 6 9 6 0 . 0 6 4 5 . 3 2 5 3 . 2 9 3 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 9 6 . 5 9 1 9 p 2 3 6 . 0 7 7 5 1 . 9 5 2 0 . 0 7 7 5 . 4 1 4 2 . 7 5 2 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 9 6 . 2 9 3 1 0 p 2 8 5 . 7 1 8 1 . 7 1 8 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 9 6 1 1 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 7 1 9 1 . 8 2 9 1 0 p 2 8 4 . 5 8 0 0 . 6 4 4 1 . 2 6 2 4 . 7 0 6 2 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 2 1 9 3 . 3 5 9 1 1 p 3 4 6 . 4 1 2 4 1 . 8 5 3 0 . 0 7 0 4 . 3 4 4 2 . 4 7 5 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 6 9 5 . 1 8 2 1 1 p 3 4 9 . 3 7 5 4 0 . 3 3 9 0 . 0 8 3 2 . 8 7 0 1 . 8 2 1 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 1 5 9 4 . 5 2 8 1 2 p 3 8 2 . 5 4 8 6 . 7 6 1 0 . 6 7 1 1 . 5 1 3 0 . 6 6 8 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 2 . 1 8 1 1 2 p 3 8 1 . 4 1 0 7 . 0 0 3 0 . 8 7 5 1 . 7 4 7 0 . 6 5 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 4 9 9 1 . 7 7 9 1 3 8 2 . 2 1 1 7 . 6 7 5 0 . 6 7 5 1 . 1 6 9 0 . 5 0 7 0 . 0 1 4 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 4 9 9 2 . 3 2 9 1 3 8 0 . 5 2 1 6 . 8 3 1 1 . 5 6 4 2 . 2 9 2 1 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 4 5 9 2 . 3 7 8 3 1 4 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . I M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a n p l a G r a i n 0 T o o T 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 3 M n O M g O C a O 0 : 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 T o t a l a s - o 1 4 9 . 3 3 3 4 2 . 8 1 4 0 . 1 0 2 3 . 8 7 4 1 . 7 2 9 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 1 7 9 7 . 9 1 5 1 4 9 . 5 4 5 4 2 . 8 5 9 0 . 0 8 5 3 . 9 5 4 1 . 7 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 9 8 . 2 2 3 1 4 8 . 6 6 0 4 2 . 5 5 1 0 . 1 0 8 4 . 0 9 1 1 . 7 2 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 5 9 7 . 2 1 0 2 p 1 8 3 . 3 9 5 6 . 9 1 2 1 . 0 9 4 1 . 4 2 4 0 . 8 1 2 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 5 3 9 3 . 7 7 7 2 p 1 8 3 . 1 3 2 6 . 9 7 6 1 . 0 4 9 1 . 8 3 9 0 . 9 0 4 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 5 1 9 4 . 0 4 8 3 p 1 4 9 . 2 7 7 4 2 . 5 1 7 0 . 0 9 6 3 . 2 9 5 1 . 9 5 8 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 1 9 9 7 . 2 8 5 3 p 1 5 0 . 1 7 7 4 2 . 8 1 9 0 . 1 1 1 3 . 3 3 3 1 . 8 2 7 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 8 . 3 4 4 3 p 1 4 9 . 3 7 0 4 2 . 7 0 6 0 . 1 0 8 3 . 2 5 9 1 . 7 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 1 5 9 7 . 2 6 3 4 p 2 4 9 . 7 5 5 4 3 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 8 1 3 . 0 8 7 1 . 8 7 4 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 8 . 0 5 2 4 p 2 4 9 . 7 0 3 4 2 . 6 0 4 0 . 1 1 7 3 . 0 9 6 2 . 1 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 7 9 7 . 6 6 7 5 p 2 8 2 . 4 8 0 6 . 7 9 2 1 . 0 4 7 1 . 8 4 3 1 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 2 1 9 3 . 2 5 4 5 p 2 8 3 . 1 3 7 6 . 6 6 7 1 . 0 8 3 1 . 8 7 2 1 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 3 6 9 3 . 8 3 7 6 p 3 4 9 . 7 0 8 4 2 . 5 1 9 0 . 0 8 5 3 . 0 6 9 1 . 9 5 3 0 . 5 1 5 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 2 1 9 7 . 8 8 0 6 p 3 4 9 . 6 7 1 4 2 . 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 8 3 . 0 3 2 1 . 5 8 7 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 9 2 9 6 . 5 4 8 7 p 3 8 1 . 7 7 4 6 . 5 9 1 1 . 1 6 8 1 . 4 2 4 0 . 9 5 5 0 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 3 0 9 1 . 9 9 3 7 p 3 8 3 . 9 7 1 6 . 7 7 9 1 . 1 1 3 1 . 3 9 2 0 . 9 4 0 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 3 4 9 4 . 2 9 2 7 p 3 8 3 . 3 5 7 6 . 6 4 9 1 . 0 0 7 2 . 0 0 3 1 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 4 . 1 4 4 8 p 4 5 0 . 5 0 8 4 2 . 5 7 7 0 . 1 0 4 3 . 3 0 2 2 . 0 0 3 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 5 9 8 . 6 6 5 8 p 4 4 9 . 3 6 5 4 2 . 8 0 9 0 . 1 0 6 3 . 0 8 7 1 . 8 3 4 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 2 4 9 9 p 4 8 3 . 2 7 0 6 . 9 9 6 1 . 0 4 3 1 . 8 0 4 0 . 8 1 2 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 4 7 9 4 . 0 0 0 9 p 4 8 3 . 7 7 6 6 . 8 5 9 0 . 9 6 9 2 . 2 6 7 0 . 6 7 2 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 9 4 . 6 3 4 3 5 - 2 9 1 8 5 . 2 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 5 2 . 3 4 6 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 1 9 3 . 6 7 3 9 1 . 5 2 4 1 8 7 . 6 3 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 1 2 1 1 . 8 4 0 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 2 . 7 2 3 9 2 . 5 6 6 1 8 2 . 6 4 9 5 . 2 5 3 1 . 8 7 8 3 . 3 6 1 0 . 4 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 9 3 . 6 3 2 1 8 4 . 0 3 4 5 . 2 6 8 1 . 8 0 8 2 . 7 3 5 0 . 6 3 0 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 1 7 9 4 . 5 0 6 1 8 3 . 0 8 1 5 . 3 4 9 1 . 7 7 8 2 . 5 3 2 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 3 . 2 4 1 2 8 3 . 2 2 1 5 . 0 3 9 1 . 7 2 3 2 . 1 1 1 0 . 4 0 3 0 . 6 7 3 0 . 0 2 8 0 . 0 2 4 9 3 . 2 2 2 2 8 3 . 0 4 6 5 . 1 6 1 1 . 9 0 8 2 . 4 7 7 0 . 5 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 6 0 . 0 0 9 9 3 . 2 1 0 3 8 3 . 9 2 7 5 . 2 0 1 1 . 9 5 9 2 . 7 1 2 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 9 4 . 4 9 7 3 8 3 . 5 3 8 5 . 2 3 3 1 . 8 8 6 2 . 8 2 1 0 . 6 2 5 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 9 4 . 1 1 7 4 4 5 . 4 1 9 4 5 . 0 4 9 0 . 1 5 1 5 . 9 2 3 1 . 4 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 3 4 9 8 . 0 0 4 5 4 5 . 4 0 8 4 5 . 2 9 4 0 . 1 2 3 5 . 6 7 1 1 . 4 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 0 3 2 9 7 . 9 4 4 6 4 4 . 9 8 9 4 6 . 0 6 8 0 . 1 0 0 6 . 1 2 9 1 . 3 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 0 9 8 . 6 9 0 7 8 3 . 8 4 1 5 . 0 6 1 1 . 9 8 6 2 . 8 6 1 0 . 6 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 5 6 9 4 . 5 2 3 7 8 3 . 7 9 4 5 . 1 5 4 1 . 8 8 0 2 . 9 7 1 0 . 6 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 5 8 9 4 . 4 8 9 3 1 5 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . I M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 8 T o o T 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 M n O I 9 0 C a O 0 : 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 T o t a l 1 5 - 3 0 1 . 5 0 . 8 2 5 4 1 . 9 5 3 0 . 2 8 5 1 . 6 5 0 3 . 5 8 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 9 8 . 3 5 1 1 5 1 . 0 7 1 4 1 . 7 5 7 0 . 3 0 2 1 . 6 6 3 3 . 4 8 0 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 2 4 9 8 . 3 4 2 2 p 1 7 8 . 6 6 1 9 . 3 8 0 2 . 2 5 8 1 . 3 8 7 2 . 2 5 5 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 3 9 4 . 0 7 2 2 p 1 7 8 . 4 8 0 9 . 7 2 8 2 . 0 5 4 1 . 6 1 7 2 . 2 6 7 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 1 9 4 . 3 2 3 3 p 1 5 0 . 7 5 7 4 0 . 9 6 9 0 . 2 7 4 1 . 4 3 2 3 . 4 9 4 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 0 5 3 3 p 1 5 0 . 1 7 1 4 0 . 8 9 2 0 . 2 7 8 1 . 5 4 0 3 . 7 0 6 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 0 2 9 6 . 7 8 8 4 p 2 7 8 . 0 4 0 1 0 . 3 3 0 1 . 9 6 5 1 . 2 8 1 1 . 4 9 1 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 7 9 3 . 2 3 0 4 p 2 7 9 . 4 8 4 8 . 7 4 1 2 . 0 3 3 1 . 4 5 1 2 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 0 9 3 . 9 6 5 5 p 2 5 0 . 5 0 5 4 1 . 1 7 1 0 . 2 5 1 1 . 5 3 8 3 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 9 6 . 5 0 2 5 p 2 5 0 . 1 7 1 4 1 . 1 1 8 0 . 2 4 9 1 . 5 0 7 3 . 3 4 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 2 6 9 6 . 4 6 1 6 p 3 7 7 . 6 8 9 9 . 7 2 0 2 . 0 2 2 1 . 6 1 1 2 . 3 9 4 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 6 0 9 3 . 5 7 1 6 p 3 7 8 . 6 0 6 9 . 9 7 0 1 . 9 8 4 1 . 5 1 2 2 . 3 6 9 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 4 5 9 4 . 5 4 2 7 p 3 5 1 . 0 2 6 4 0 . 4 2 7 0 . 3 1 9 1 . 4 2 9 3 . 7 1 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 1 5 9 6 . 9 8 8 7 p 3 5 1 . 0 5 5 4 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 3 1 6 1 . 4 6 6 3 . 6 4 9 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 6 9 7 . 2 5 5 8 7 7 . 9 4 9 9 . 9 3 8 2 . 1 3 9 1 . 6 4 1 2 . 7 8 7 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 6 8 9 4 . 6 2 4 8 7 8 . 6 6 3 1 0 . 0 1 2 2 . 0 4 6 1 . 3 8 3 2 . 2 6 8 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 4 7 9 4 . 4 6 3 1 5 - 3 5 l p l 4 9 . 9 1 9 4 2 . 5 4 6 0 . 0 8 7 3 . 1 7 0 1 . 7 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 4 4 8 l p l 4 9 . 4 8 2 4 3 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 8 5 3 . 0 7 7 1 . 7 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 4 3 2 2 p 1 8 3 . 5 0 8 5 . 9 5 3 0 . 9 0 5 1 . 8 2 6 0 . 7 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 3 2 9 3 . 0 4 7 2 p 1 8 3 . 7 6 8 5 . 9 2 8 0 . 9 1 3 1 . 6 2 6 0 . 8 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 4 7 9 3 . 0 9 9 3 p 2 8 4 . 7 4 0 5 . 8 4 0 0 . 9 0 3 1 . 7 2 4 0 . 7 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 2 6 9 3 . 9 5 6 3 p 2 8 4 . 7 3 8 5 . 7 4 1 0 . 8 8 6 1 . 7 5 7 0 . 8 2 2 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 2 6 9 3 . 9 9 4 4 p 2 4 9 . 2 9 5 4 2 . 5 5 7 0 . 0 8 5 3 . 2 8 5 1 . 7 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 9 6 . 9 9 5 4 p 2 4 9 . 5 3 1 4 2 . 6 8 4 0 . 0 9 3 3 . 3 6 4 1 . 8 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 9 7 . 5 8 0 5 p 3 4 9 . 5 1 4 4 2 . 9 4 4 0 . 0 8 3 3 . 2 6 7 1 . 7 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 5 5 4 5 p 3 4 9 . 8 7 8 4 2 . 9 0 8 0 . 1 0 4 3 . 1 2 7 1 . 7 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 0 2 9 7 . 7 8 5 5 p 3 4 9 . 4 1 8 4 2 . 7 6 2 0 . 1 0 0 3 . 2 8 0 1 . 7 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 9 7 . 2 7 5 6 p 3 8 4 . 2 7 2 6 . 2 1 7 0 . 9 0 5 1 . 4 2 9 0 . 6 5 0 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 2 4 4 9 3 . 7 7 5 6 p 3 8 4 . 3 0 7 5 . 9 3 5 0 . 9 0 5 1 . 4 9 1 0 . 6 1 2 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 3 6 9 3 . 3 2 0 7 p 4 8 4 . 3 7 5 5 . 9 2 2 0 . 9 0 5 1 . 4 6 3 0 . 7 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 1 3 9 3 . 5 0 8 7 p 4 8 3 . 2 8 9 5 . 9 5 0 0 . 8 9 2 1 . 7 3 4 0 . 5 3 6 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 1 6 0 . 0 0 2 9 2 . 4 4 3 8 p 4 4 9 . 0 6 8 4 2 . 9 2 4 0 . 0 7 7 3 . 4 0 1 1 . 6 6 1 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 2 3 7 8 p 4 4 9 . 4 2 8 4 2 . 6 5 9 0 . 0 8 5 3 . 2 2 2 1 . 7 3 3 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 1 3 3 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 3 1 6 I M A G N E T I T E A N D I L M E N I T E A N A L Y S E S - - U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n A m m o n i a T a n k s M e m b e r S a m p l e G r a i n 9 T o o T 1 0 2 A 1 2 0 3 M n O M 9 0 C a O c : 2 0 3 8 1 0 2 T o t a l 1 5 - 3 7 1 p 1 4 5 . 5 9 0 4 5 . 5 1 8 0 . 1 9 1 5 . 9 7 2 1 . 3 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 8 . 6 0 4 2 p 1 8 4 . 1 3 6 5 . 0 8 6 1 . 8 1 8 2 . 8 5 0 0 . 6 3 5 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 1 9 0 . 0 1 7 9 4 . 5 7 3 2 p 1 8 3 . 2 8 3 5 . 0 2 4 1 . 9 3 1 3 . 0 3 7 0 . 6 3 5 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 2 4 9 3 . 9 6 8 3 8 3 . 7 7 8 5 . 0 8 8 1 . 7 9 3 2 . 9 3 9 0 . 6 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 7 9 4 . 2 5 1 3 8 3 . 8 1 4 5 . 0 2 9 1 . 8 8 0 2 . 9 2 5 0 . 6 0 7 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 9 4 . 3 2 4 4 p 2 4 4 . 6 3 8 4 4 . 3 3 4 0 . 1 3 4 7 . 8 2 6 1 . 0 3 0 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 2 9 7 . 9 9 3 4 p 2 4 5 . 2 2 6 4 3 . 7 7 3 0 . 1 7 6 7 . 1 8 2 1 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 7 9 7 . 4 7 1 5 p 2 8 8 . 3 1 7 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 9 3 1 . 0 3 6 0 . 3 9 3 0 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 4 7 2 . 7 2 5 9 2 . 7 8 7 5 p 2 8 9 . 3 0 1 0 . 2 6 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 6 8 7 0 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 3 6 0 . 0 1 0 2 . 3 7 5 9 3 . 1 0 2 A 5 — 6 3 1 7 7 . 6 3 3 9 . 4 6 1 3 . 0 1 6 1 . 0 5 6 3 . 1 8 7 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 7 7 9 4 . 4 7 8 2 7 8 . 3 4 1 9 . 6 5 0 3 . 0 5 7 1 . 0 2 3 3 . 3 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 7 5 9 5 . 5 4 8 3 7 8 . 3 4 1 9 . 7 2 8 3 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 4 7 3 . 2 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 8 3 9 5 . 5 1 7 4 7 7 . 5 1 6 9 . 5 4 3 3 . 0 3 4 1 . 0 2 1 3 . 2 9 8 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 8 8 9 4 . 5 2 9 A 5 - 6 8 1 p 1 8 3 . 9 4 9 4 . 9 9 9 1 . 6 3 8 2 . 0 8 3 0 . 8 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 1 1 9 3 . 5 6 1 1 p 1 8 2 . 4 7 5 7 . 2 1 8 2 . 4 7 0 1 . 5 4 8 0 . 8 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 6 9 4 . 5 2 1 1 p 1 8 7 . 4 3 8 2 . 7 8 1 1 . 2 5 8 1 . 4 2 2 0 . 8 1 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 2 4 9 3 . 8 2 7 2 p 1 4 3 . 1 2 5 4 5 . 8 6 3 0 . 1 9 7 4 . 4 7 4 1 . 7 6 4 0 . 0 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 9 9 5 . 4 7 1 2 p 1 4 3 . 0 6 2 4 6 . 0 6 3 0 . 2 2 3 4 . 2 6 0 1 . 8 5 7 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 1 3 5 9 5 . 6 5 1 3 p 2 8 1 . 3 2 9 6 . 9 6 1 2 . 2 1 4 2 . 5 4 2 0 . 8 6 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 3 . 9 1 4 3 p 2 8 2 . 8 1 8 6 . 6 1 9 2 . 4 1 5 2 . 2 4 3 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 2 4 9 4 . 9 3 9 4 p 2 4 0 . 3 7 4 4 5 . 0 7 8 0 . 2 6 8 7 . 2 5 9 2 . 8 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 5 . 8 3 9 4 p 2 4 0 . 6 5 3 4 5 . 4 4 8 0 . 6 5 6 5 . 6 6 6 3 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 3 0 4 9 5 . 7 9 6 5 p 3 7 9 . 3 0 5 7 . 9 4 5 3 . 6 2 6 1 . 9 9 8 0 . 9 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 9 9 3 . 8 0 8 6 p 3 4 5 . 4 0 5 4 4 . 2 9 5 0 . 2 2 7 4 . 5 0 0 2 . 7 6 6 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 2 6 4 6 p 3 4 5 . 9 2 1 4 3 . 7 3 5 0 . 3 1 4 4 . 1 6 0 2 . 4 6 6 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 6 . 6 2 6 7 p 4 8 1 . 6 0 5 6 . 3 6 0 2 . 4 6 2 2 . 0 3 5 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 2 6 9 3 . 2 5 0 7 p 4 8 3 . 0 1 8 5 . 7 6 8 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 0 1 8 0 . 6 3 5 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 2 9 3 . 9 5 0 8 p 4 4 7 . 8 0 6 4 4 . 2 9 0 0 . 3 2 5 2 . 0 6 5 1 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 5 . 5 2 0 8 p 4 5 0 . 6 4 4 4 2 . 2 0 4 0 . 2 9 1 1 . 6 2 3 0 . 8 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 5 . 6 2 5 8 p 4 4 8 . 0 2 8 4 4 . 4 7 0 0 . 2 9 7 2 . 9 5 7 1 . 4 3 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 . 1 8 9 9 p 4 8 2 . 0 3 8 7 . 2 2 6 2 . 9 9 1 1 . 7 9 9 0 . 7 3 8 0 . 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 4 9 4 . 8 3 9 3 1 7 A p p e n d i x 4 . C o n t i n u e d . 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