P L A C E I N R E T U R N B O X t o r e m o v e t h i s c h e c k o u t f r o m y o u r r e c o r d . T O A V O I D F I N E S r e t u r n o n o r b e f o r e d a t e d u e . M A Y B E R E C A L L E D w i t h e a r l i e r d u e d a t e i f r e q u e s t e d . D A T E D U E D A T E D U E D A T E D U E 5 / 0 8 K l P r o l e c c E - P r e l e l R C / D a t e D u e . i n d d D I V E R S I T Y , B I O G E O G R A P H Y , A N D T A P H O N O M Y O F L A T E C R E T A C E O U S C H O N D R I C H T H Y A N S F R O M M O N T A N A V O L U M E I B y Y a s e m i n I f a k a t T u l u A D I S S E R T A T I O N S u b m i t t e d t o M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n p a r t i a l f u l fi l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e o f D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s 2 0 1 0 A B S T R A C T D I V E R S I T Y , B I O G E O G R A P H Y , A N D T A P H O N O M Y O F L A T E C R E T A C E O U S C H O N D R I C H T H Y A N S F R O M M O N T A N A B y Y a s e m i n I f a k a t T u l u T h e c h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s o f M o n t a n a w a s l a s t c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y r e v i e w e d b y C a s e i n t h e l a t e 1 9 7 0 3 . C o l l e c t i o n s f r o m v e r t e b r a t e l a g d e p o s i t s ( 2 0 0 2 a n d 2 0 0 6 ) f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( W H ) a n d P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d ( P P F ) r e s p e c t i v e l y o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( J R F ) a d d s i x a d d i t i o n a l s p e c i e s t o t h e p r e v i o u s k n o w n d i v e r s i t y f r o m t h e J R F , n a m e l y S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i , a n d P r y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s . T h e s e c o l l e c t i o n s a l s o i n c l u d e p r e v i o u s l y k n o w n s p e c i e s f r o m t h e J R F , H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s O l s o m ' , S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , H y p o t o d u s s p p . , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e , P r o t o p l a r y r h i n a r e n a e , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a , M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s a n d a c h i m a e r i d , I s c h y o d u s . T h e c o m b i n e d f a u n a s f r o m t h e W H a n d P P F a n d C a s e ’ s s t u d i e s ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e J R F w a s a c o a s t a l , w a r m s h a l l o w m a r g i n a l m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t s u p p o r t i n g a m o d e r a t e l y d i v e r s e f a u n a o f m o s t l y l a m n i f o r m s a n d r a j i f o r m s . B i o g e o g r a p h y a n a l y s e s o f e l a s m o b r a n c h s f r o m t h e W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) s h o w t h a t 1 7 o f t h e J R F t a x a a r e e n d e m i c e i t h e r t o t h e J R F o r t o t h e e n d o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s o f t h e W I S . A l s o p r e s e n t a r e f i v e c o s m o p o l i t a n s p e c i e s . T h e s p e c i e s c o m p o s i t i o n s o f C a s e ’ s s t u d y a n d t h i s s t u d y d i f f e r s , s u c h t h a t , t h e c o m b i n e d f a u n a s p r o d u c e a m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e f a u n a l l i s t t h a t i s o n p a r w i t h c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s f a u n a s f r o m s i m i l a r e n v i r o n m e n t s t o t h a t o f t h e J R F , a n d t h a t t h e J R F f a u n a a l o n g w i t h t h e f a u n a s o f t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( A l b e r t a ) , “ M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n ” ( W y o m i n g ) , a n d t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( M o n t a n a ) f o r m t h e J u d i t h R i v e r P r o v i n c e a t t h e g e n e r i c l e v e l i n a P a r s i m o n y A n a l y s i s o f E n d e m i c i t y ( P A E ) . M o s t o f t h e s p e c i e s c o l l e c t e d a r e a u t o c h t h o n o u s ; t h o s e f o u n d i n s i t u a r e l i k e l y t o b e l e s s a b r a d e d t h a n m a t e r i a l b r o u g h t i n , a s e v i d e n c e d b y t a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t s . E x p e r i m e n t s a l s o s h o w t h a t t h e t w o l o c a t i o n s , d e s p i t e c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o e a c h o t h e r , s h o w l o c a l i z e d a r e a s o f v a r i a b l e e n e r g y t h a t a f f e c t e d t h e f a u n a l c o m p o s i t i o n s l i g h t l y , t h e a b u n d a n c e o f m a t e r i a l , a n d t h e q u a l i t y o f p r e s e r v a t i o n . T h e W H i s a h i g h e r e n e r g y e n v i r o n m e n t w h e r e a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l f r o m f a r t h e r o f f s h o r e i s t r a n s p o r t e d i n a n d m i x e d w i t h l o c a l m a t e r i a l , r e s u l t i n g i n a h i g h e r d e g r e e o f a b r a s i o n o f m a t e r i a l c o m p a r e d t o t h a t p r e s e r v e d a t P P F . T h i s h a s c r e a t e d a m i x e d m a r i n e a n d e s t u a r i n e a s s e m b l a g e , w h i c h i n t u r n h a s p r o d u c e d m i x e d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f t h e g e o l o g y a n d p a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e J R F . T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l a p p r o a c h a p p l i e d h e r e p e r m i t s : d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a u t o c h t h o n o u s f r o m a l l o c h t h o n o u s f o s s i l v e r t e b r a t e h a r d p a r t s , q u a n t i fi c a t i o n o f t h e a m o u n t o f t r a n s p o r t a n d w e a r , a n d c l a r i fi c a t i o n o f t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r p o s t m o r t e m e f f e c t s s u c h a s t h e l o s s o r d i s t o r t i o n o f d i a g n o s t i c s k e l e t a l f e a t u r e s . I n t h e c a s e o f s h a r k t e e t h , t h e r o o t l o b e s a n d a p e x o f t h e c u s p w e a r d o w n fi r s t , f o l l o w e d b y o t h e r p r o j e c t i o n s s u c h a s c u s p l e t s . L o s s o f t h e s e f e a t u r e s s u g g e s t s t h e e f f e c t s o f t a p h o n o m i c p r o c e s s e s . H o w e v e r , t a p h o n o m i c i n s i g h t i s a c h i e v e d a t t h e c o s t o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e t a x o n a n d t h e f a u n a o v e r a l l . A p r e l i m i n a r y p r o d u c t f r o m t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d e x p e r i m e n t s i s a t a p h o n o m i c s c a l e t h a t c a n b e a p p l i e d t o m o d e r a t e l y w o r n s h a r k t e e t h t o a s s e s s a m o u n t o f w e a r a n d r e l a t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t . T o t h e g r a n d p a r e n t s I n e v e r h a d t h e c h a n c e t o k n o w : A h m e t T u l u 5 M a y 1 9 1 1 — 1 5 M a r c h 1 9 7 8 a n d I f a k a t T u l u 2 1 F e b r u a r y 1 9 2 1 — 7 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 7 0 T o t h e g r a n d p a r e n t s w h o w e n t t o o s o o n : G r a n d p a a n d G r a n d m a , B e r n a r d P a t r i c k D o n n e l l y 3 0 J u l y 1 9 1 6 - 2 M a r c h 2 0 0 3 a n d V i r g i n i a N a g h t e n D o n n e l l y 2 5 M a r c h 1 9 1 5 - 1 3 D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 1 T o a f r i e n d w h o s h o u l d s t i l l b e h e r e : J . A l a n H o l m a n 2 4 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 3 1 — 1 2 A u g u s t 2 0 0 6 A n d t o m y f u r r y b e l o v e d s i s t e r : A s i n a 1 8 M a y 1 9 9 5 — 2 3 D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 9 i v A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S T h a n k s g o t o m y a d v i s o r D r . M i c h a e l D . G o t t f r i e d f o r h i s a s s i s t a n c e a n d g u i d a n c e t h r o u g h t h e p r o j e c t ( a n d f o r p u t t i n g u p w i t h m e ) a s w e l l a s t o m y c o m m i t t e e m e m b e r s , D r . R o b e r t L . A n s t e y , D r . R a l p h E . T a g g a r t , a n d D r . T h o m a s G . C o o n a s w e l l a s t o D r . G a r y S . W e i s s m a n n ( w h o l e f t M S U t o p u r s u e o p p o r t u n i t i e s i n N e w M e x i c o ) f o r t h e i r a d v i c e , c o m m e n t s , a n d h e l p o n t h e d i s s e r t a t i o n a s w e l l a s f o r a c c e s s t o r e s o u r c e s / m a t e r i a l s t h a t w e r e g r e a t l y n e e d e d f o r t h e p r o j e c t . E x p r e s s t h a n k s a l s o g o t o m y h o n o r a r y c o m m i t t e e m e m b e r ( e v e n i f n o t o n p a p e r ) D r . R a y m o n d R . R o g e r s a t M a c a l e s t e r C o l l e g e f o r t h e i n i t i a l s u g g e s t i o n o f t h e p r o j e c t , p r o c u r e m e n t o f t h e i n i t i a l m a t r i x , l e t t i n g m e t a g a l o n g i n t h e fi e l d w i t h h i m ( 2 0 0 6 ) , f o r a d v i c e a n d c o m m e n t s , a n d f o r b e i n g a n a l l - a r o u n d g r e a t g u y , a n d a l s o t o D r . K r i s t i n a A . C u r r y R o g e r s ( M a c a l e s t e r C o l l e g e ) , a n d J a c k i e H o f f ( S c i e n c e M u s e u m o f M i n n e s o t a ) f o r a s s i g n m e n t s o f c a t a l o g u e n u m b e r s f o r t h e s p e c i m e n s ’ fi n a l r e s t i n g p l a c e . T h a n k s t o J i m M i t c h e l l o f t h e B u r e a u o f L a n d M a n a g e m e n t i n L e w i s t o w n , M o n t a n a f o r h e l p i n g m e g e t o u t t o t h e fi e l d s i t e f o r m y f a i l e d fi e l d s e a s o n o f 2 0 0 5 . T h a n k s g o t o p r e v i o u s v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y s t u d e n t s n a m e l y J o h n B u r r i s f o r h i s t h o u g h t f u l a n d i n s i g h t f u l d i s c u s s i o n s a n d k e e p i n g m e s a n e ( o r a s c l o s e a s p o s s i b l e ) i n t h e e a r l y y e a r s a n d A m y S m i t h f o r q u i c k F r e n c h t r a n s l a t i o n s o f m u c h n e e d e d r e f e r e n c e s , c o n s t a n t a s s i s t a n c e w i t h n e w f a n g l e d t e c h n o l o g y , a n d a c c o m p a n i m e n t o n s t r e s s r e l i e v i n g t r i p s i n t h e l a t e r y e a r s . T h a n k s s h o u l d a l s o g o t o M o i r a D o n n e l l y i n h e l p i n g w i t h S E M i m a g e p r e p a r a t i o n i n 2 0 0 3 . T h o m a s P a l a z z o l o o f t h e M a c h i n e S h o p i n t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s a n d A s t r o n o m y a t M S U w a s h e l p f u l i s d e t e r m i n i n g t h e e v e n t u a l t a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t a l s e t u p , J o h n L e n z y c k i o f t h e M a r i t i m e A q u a r i u m i n N o r w a l k , C o n n e c t i c u t n e e d s t o b e a c k n o w l e d g e d f o r p r o c u r i n g m o d e r n s h a r k t e e t h f o r t a p h o n o m y e x p e r i m e n t s , a n d D a v i d P . V o s s o f t h e C h e m i s t r y D e p a r t m e n t a t M S U f o r t h e l o a n o f a n a n a l y t i c a l b a l a n c e t h a t w a s i m p e r a t i v e t o t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l p o r t i o n o f t h i s r e s e a r c h . R u s s e l l A l l e n o f T h e S h r i m p F a r m M a r k e t i n O k e m o s , M I p r o v i d e d a c c e s s t o h u n g r y s h r i m p i n a t t e m p t s t o e x t r a c t s h a r k t e e t h f r o m s h a r k j a w s w h i c h i n t u r n p r o v i d e d i n t r i g u i n g n e w q u e s t i o n s r e g a r d i n g t a p h o n o m y ( t h a n k s ) . T h a n k s t o t h e C e n t e r f o r S t a t i s t i c a l T r a i n i n g a n d C o n s u l t i n g ( C S T A T ) f o r g e t t i n g m e i n t o u c h w i t h S h u j i e M a o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t i s t i c s a n d P r o b a b i l i t y f o r h e l p o n s t a t i s t i c a l p r o b l e m s . A d d i t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c a l a n d P A S T h e l p c a m e f r o m J o s h u a B a r r i n g e r , f o r m e r M S U p a l e o n t o l o g y s t u d e n t a n d P a v e l D o d o n o v o f t h e E c o l o g y a n d N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s P o s t - G r a d u a t i o n P r o g r a m , 8 5 0 C a r l o s F e d e r a l U n i v e r s i t y ( U F S C a r ) , S a o P a u l o , B r a z i l . T h a n k s a l s o t o D r . G r a h a m e J . L a r s o n f o r g e n e r a l s a g e a d v i c e , a n d t o t h e o f fi c e s t a f f o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s f o r h e l p t h r o u g h t h e y e a r s . M a n y t h a n k s a l s o g o t o p e o p l e a t t h e C a l v e r t M a r i n e M u s e u m ( C M M ) i n S o l o m o n s , M a r y l a n d - f o r h i r i n g m e m i d - s e m e s t e r ( m y l a s t s e m e s t e r ! ) t o u p r o o t a n d s t a t i o n m y s e l f i n a t o t a l l y n e w e n v i r o n m e n t . T h a n k s s p e c i fi c a l l y g o t o D r . S t e p h e n J . G o d f r e y f o r h i s p a t i e n c e a n d o v e r a l l t o l e r a n c e ( a n d a v e r y n e c e s s a r y , u n e x p e c t e d F r e n c h t r a n s l a t i o n l a t e i n t h e g a m e ) a n d t o R a c h e l R e e s e ( y o u a r e a l i f e s a v e r ! ) f o r q u i c k a n d n e c e s s a r y t u t o r i a l s i n P h o t o S h o p a n d r e l a t e d p r o g r a m s ( y e s , I a m fi n a l l y l e a r n i n g s o m e c o m p u t e r - t y p e t h i n g s ) t h a t w e r e i n s t r u m e n t a l i n p r e p a r i n g n e a r l y 2 0 0 0 i m a g e s f r o m m y e x p e r i m e n t s . v i M i k e P o l c y n p r o v i d e d a m u c h n e e d e d r e f e r e n c e w h e r e o t h e r s f a i l e d t o d e l i v e r . T h a n k y o u . M y t i m e a t M S U w a s a i d e d w i t h f u n d s t h a t c o v e r e d a n y t h i n g f r o m t r a v e l t o s c i e n t i f i c m e e t i n g s t o g e n e r a l r e s e a r c h e x p e n s e s a n d t u i t i o n . T r a v e l a w a r d s i n c l u d e : S i g m a X i T r a v e l G r a n t ( a u t u m n 2 0 0 6 ) , G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a T r a v e l G r a n t ( a u t u m n 2 0 0 6 ) , M S U G r a d u a t e S c h o o l T r a v e l G r a n t ( a u t u m n 2 0 0 6 a n d s u m m e r 2 0 0 7 ) , M S U D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s T r a v e l G r a n t ( a u t u m n s 2 0 0 5 a n d 2 0 0 6 , s p r i n g 2 0 0 8 , a n d s u m m e r 2 0 0 8 ) , M S U C o u n c i l o f G r a d u a t e S t u d e n t s ( C O G S ) T r a v e l G r a n t ( a u t u m n 2 0 0 6 ) , t h e G r a d u a t e S t u d e n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a v e l G r a n t ( G S I T G ) f r o m t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l S t u d i e s a n d P r o g r a m s ( I S P ) ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 7 ) , t h e T r a v e l A w a r d f r o m t h e G r a h a m R y d e r M e m o r i a l F u n d f r o m t h e M S U D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 7 ) , t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l G e o l o g i c a l C o r r e l a t i o n P r o g r a m m e ( I G C P 4 9 1 ) ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 7 ) , t h e D r y d e n E n d o w m e n t F u n d f o r P a l e o n t o l o g y a t t h e C M M ( s u m m e r a n d a u t u m n 2 0 0 7 a n d s u m m e r a n d a u t u m n 2 0 0 8 ) , t h e J a c k s o n S c h o o l o f G e o s c i e n c e s S t u d e n t M e m b e r T r a v e l G r a n t ( S o c i e t y o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y ) ( a u t u m n 2 0 0 7 ) , a n d t h e J o n e s - F e n l e i g h M e m o r i a l F u n d ( S y m p o s i u m o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l a e o n t o l o g y a n d C o m p a r a t i v e A n a t o m y ) ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 8 ) . R e s e a r c h a w a r d s c o m p r i s e o f : S i g m a X i R e s e a r c h G r a n t ( s p r i n g 2 0 0 6 ) , M S U C o l l e g e o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s ( C N S ) R e s e a r c h F e l l o w s h i p ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 6 ) , a n d t h e S t e p h e n J . G o u l d S t u d e n t G r a n t ( T h e P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y ) ( a u t u m n 2 0 0 6 ) ; a n d t u i t i o n a w a r d s f r o m : L u c i l e D r a k e P r i n g l e a n d G o r d o n H . P r i n g l e E n d o w e d F e l l o w s h i p ( 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 2 ) , a t e a c h i n g a s s i s t a n t s h i p f r o m t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s ( 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 3 , a u t u m n 2 0 0 5 a n d 2 0 0 6 ) , M i l d r e d B . E r i c k s o n F e l l o w s h i p ( s p r i n g 2 0 0 6 ) , t h e M S U C N S v i i D i s s e r t a t i o n C o m p l e t i o n F e l l o w s h i p ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 7 ) , a n d t h e E m e r g e n c y F e l l o w s h i p F u n d i n g f r o m t h e G r a d u a t e S c h o o l ( s u m m e r 2 0 0 9 ) . A d d i t i o n a l m o r a l s u p p o r t c a m e f r o m a s p e c i a l n e t w o r k o f f r i e n d s f r o m , l i t e r a l l y a r o u n d t h e w o r l d , t h e y t o o d e s e r v e a l o t o f t h a n k s . A fi n a l t h a n k s n e e d s t o g o t o m y f a m i l y f o r t h e i r s u p p o r t i n a l l w a y s i n m y s e a r c h o f t h e d r e a m o f a s e v e n y e a r o l d w h o d i d n o t ( a n d c l e a r l y s t i l l d o e s n o t ) k n o w a n y b e t t e r . v i i i T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S L I S T O F T A B L E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x i v L I S T O F F I G U R E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x v i K E Y T O A B B R E V I A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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G A N D L O C A L I T I E S M O N T A N A G R O U P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 E A G L E F O R M A T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 C L A G G E T T F O R M A T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 J U D I T H R I V E R F O R M A T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 B E A R P A W F O R M A T I O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 R E G I O N A L C O R R E L A T I O N S . . 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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 S u b o r d e r S C L E R O R H Y N C H O I D E I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 F a m i l y S C L E R O R H Y N C H I D A E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 G e n u s I S C H Y R H I Z A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 G e n u s P T Y C H O T R Y G O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9 S C L E R O R H Y N C H I D A E i n d e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 O r d e r M Y L I O B A T I F O R M E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 F a m i l y D A S Y A T I D A E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 G e n u s M Y L E D A P H U S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 S u b c l a s s S U B T E R B R A N C H I A L I A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 S u p e r o r d e r H O L O C E P H A L I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 O r d e r C H I M A E R I F O R M E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 S u b o r d e r C H I M A E R O I D E I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 F a m i l y C A L L O R H Y N C H I D A E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 G e n u s I S C H Y O D U S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 C H O N D R I C H T H Y E S i n d e t . ( D e r m a l D e n t i c l e s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 D i v i s i o n T E L E O S T E I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 S u p e r c o h o r t E L O P O M O R P H A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 O r d e r E L O P I F O R M E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 F a m i l y P H Y L L O D O N T I D E A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 G e n u s P A R A L B U L A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 I n f r a c l a s s A R C H O S A U R I A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 S u p e r o r d e r C R O C O D Y L O M O R P H A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 O r d e r C R O C O D Y L I F O R M E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 A D D I T I O N A L M A T E R I A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 C H A P T E R T H R E E : B I O G E O G R A P H Y O F C O N T E M P O R A N E O U S F A U N A S I N T H E W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y , N O R T H A M E R I C A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 3 I N I T I A L F A U N A L C O M P A R I S O N S W I T H I N T H E J R F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 4 B I O G E O G R A P H Y O F E L A S M O B R A N C H S I N T H E W I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 5 B O U N D A R I E S F O R F A U N A L C O M P A R I S O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 6 S I M I L A R P A L E O N E N V I R O N M E N T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 J R F A N D “ M E S A V E R D E ” F O R M A T I O N C O M P A R I S O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7 J R F A N D H E L L C R E E K ( M T ) A N D L A N C E F O R M A T I O N S C O M P A R I S O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 J R F A N D D I N O S A U R P A R K , J R F ( A B ) , J R F ( S K ) , A N D N I O R B A R A ( S K ) F O R M A T I O N S C O M P A R I S O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 J R F A N D H E L L C R E E K ( N D ) A N D G R E E N H O R N F O R M A T I O N S C O M P A R I S O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 9 A D D I T I O N A L O B S E R V A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 9 H I E R A R C H I C A L C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S A N D P A R S H V I O N Y A N A L Y S I S O F E N D E M I C I T Y ( P A E ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S O F W I S G E N E R A ( R - M O D E A N A L Y S I S ) . . . 1 1 2 C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S O F W I S G E N E R A ( Q - M O D E A N A L Y S I S ) . . . 1 1 3 C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S O F W I S S P E C I E S ( R - M O D E A N A L Y S I S ) . . . . 1 1 3 C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S O F W I S S P E C I E S ( Q - M O D E A N A L Y S I S ) . . . 1 1 4 C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S I M P L I C A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5 P A E O F G E N E R A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 P A E O F S P E C I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 I M P L I C A T I O N S O F P A E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 8 C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S O F J R F B Y S T U D Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 9 C H A P T E R F O U R : T A P H O N O M Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 7 B A C K G R O U N D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 7 P R E V I O U S W O R K O N I R F T A P H O N O M Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 8 R O G E R S , R O G E R S A N D E B E R T H , A N D R O G E R S A N D K I D W E L L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 8 N E W O B S E R V A T I O N S A N D Q U E S T I O N S O N J R F T A P H O N O M Y . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 9 T A P H O N O M I C F E A T U R E S O F A R C H A E O L A M N A K O P I N G E N S I S T E E T H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 0 S T R I A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 0 R O U N D I N G / B R E A K A G E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 l P R E L H V I I N A R Y T A P H O N O M I C C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N S C A L E F O R A R C H A E O I A M N A K O P I N G E N S I S x i T E E T H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 X z - T E S T O F P R E L I M I N A R Y C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N S C A L E ( O B S E R V E D V E R S U S E X P E C T E D ) . . . . . . . 1 7 2 A D D E N D U M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 3 X z - T E S T O F P R E L I M I N A R Y T A P H O N O M I C C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N ( O B S E R V E D V E R S U S E X P E C T E D ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 5 X z - T E S T O F W H V E R S U S P P F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 6 B A T O I D S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 7 C H I M A E R I D S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 8 C A R T I L A G I N O U S E L E M E N T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 8 E X P E R I M E N T A L T O O T H T A P H O N O M Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 P R E V I O U S W O R K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 A R G A S T E T A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 E L Y A N D R I G B Y A N D E L Y 1 7 9 I R M I S A N D E L L I O T T 1 8 0 P R E S E N T S T U D Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 E X P E R I M E N T A L T A P H O N O M Y O F S H A R K T E E T H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 0 M E T H O D S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 R E S U L T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Q U A L I T A T I V E R E S U L T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 3 Q U A N T I T A T I V E R E S U L T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 C A R C H A R I A S T A U R U S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 R H I N O P T E R A B O N A S U S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 S I G N I F I C A N C E C O R R E L A T I O N A N D S T U D E N T ’ S t — T E S T S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5 I N T E R P R E T A T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 8 6 A P P L I C A T I O N O F T A P H O N O M Y E X P E R I M E N T S T O T H E J R F F A U N A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7 T A P H O N O M I C S C A L E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 8 C H A P T E R F I V E S U M M A R Y A N D C O N C L U D I N G R E M A R K S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 7 A P P E N D I C E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 A P P E N D I X A : W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y G E N E R A D A T A F O R H I E R A R C H I C A L C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 3 A P P E N D I X B : W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y S P E C I E S D A T A F O R H I E R A R C H I C A L C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 8 A P P E N D I X C : W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y G E N E R A D A T A F O R P A R S I M O N Y A N A L Y S I S O F E N D E M I C I T Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 8 A P P E N D I X D : W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y S P E C I E S D A T A F O R P A R S I M O N Y A N A L Y S I S O F E N D E M I C I T Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 2 A P P E N D I X E : P A S T R E S U L T S O F X z - T E S T O F O B S E R V E D V E R S U S E X P E C T E D O F P R E L I M I N A R Y C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N S C A L E A N D P R E L I M I N A R Y T A P H O N O M I C C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N A D D E N D U M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 7 x i i A P P E N D I X F : P A S T R E S U L T S O F X z - T E S T O F W H V E R S U S P P F . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 1 A P P E N D I X G : T E E T H O F M O D E R N C A R C H A R I A S T A U R U S A N D R H I N O P T E R A B O N A S U S ( T A P H O N O M Y S E R I E S ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 3 A P P E N D D ( H : D A T A F O R T A P H O N O M Y S E R I E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 2 A P P E N D I X 1 : S I G N I F I C A N C E C O R R E L A T I O N F O R T A P H O N O M Y . . . . . . . . . 4 7 9 A P P E N D I X J : S T U D E N T ’ S t - T E S T R E S U L T S F O R T O O T H H E I G H T , W I D T H , A N D M A S S L O S S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0 4 R E F E R E N C E S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 9 x i i i L I S T O F T A B L E S 1 . C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F . D a t a f r o m S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 , C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 , a n d 9 . p r e s e n t s t u d y . " X " i n l a r g e b o l d r e p r e s e n t n e w t a x a f o u n d i n t h e J R F , s i x c o n fi r m e d s p e c i e s a n d o n e g e n u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9 . J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( M o n t a n a ) f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o t h e f a u n a s f r o m f o r m a t i o n s i n M o n t a n a , W y o m i n g , N o r t h D a k o t a , S o u t h D a k o t a , C o l o r a d o , A l b e r t a , S a s k a t c h e w a n , K a n s a s , A r i z o n a , a n d T e x a s . D a t a w e r e c o m p i l e d f r o m t h e c u r r e n t s t u d y i n a d d i t i o n t o S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 , C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a , a n d 1 9 7 9 t o c r e a t e t h e J R F ( M o n t a n a ) d a t a s e t . A d d i t i o n a l W I S d a t a c o m e s f r o m : C a s e , 1 9 8 7 , C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 7 , C a s e e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 , C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 7 5 b a n d 1 9 9 9 , C a p p e t t a , 1 9 7 3 , E s t e s , 1 9 6 4 , E s t e s e t a l . , 1 9 6 9 , E v e t t s , 1 9 7 9 , B r i n k m a n , 1 9 9 0 , E b e r t h e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 , W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . 1 9 9 3 , B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l , 1 9 9 9 , C i c i m u r r i , 2 0 0 1 , H o g a n s o n a n d M u r p h y , 2 0 0 2 , W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 , S h i m a d a , 1 9 9 6 , S h i m a d a , 2 0 0 6 , a n d S h i m a d a e t a l . , 2 0 0 6 . x = o c c u r r e n c e o f t a x o n i n f o r m a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o " M e s a v e r d e " F o r m a t i o n f a u n a . T h e t w o f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e 1 3 s p e c i e s ( l a r g e , b o l d ' X ) 1 3 6 J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o H e l l C r e e k ( M T ) a n d L a n c e f o r m a t i o n s f a u n a s . J R F s h a r e s 3 s p e c i e s w i t h H e l l C r e e k a n d 2 s p e c i e s L a n c e F o r m a t i o n w i t h ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o D i n o s a u r P a r k a n d J R F ( A l b e r t a f a u n a s ) . J R F s h a r e s 8 s p e c i e s w i t h D i n o s a u r P a r k a n d 2 s p e c i e s w i t h J R F A l b e r t a ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 8 J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o J R F ( S a s k a t c h e w a n ) a n d N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n . T h e J R F ( M T ) s h a r e s o n l y o n e s p e c i e s w i t h t h e J R F S a s k a t c h e w a n ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) a n d n o s p e c i e s w i t h t h e N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 9 J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D f a u n a . T h e t w o f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e 3 s p e c i e s ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 0 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n f a u n a . T h e t w o f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e 1 s p e c i e s ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F b y b o n e b e d s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6 1 0 . I n i t i a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t o o t h t a p h o n o m y b a s e d o n A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 0 l 1 . O b s e r v e d a n d e x p e c t e d o c c u r r e n c e s a n d X Z - t e s t o f t e e t h f r o m T a b l e 1 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 1 1 2 2 1 . R e v i s e d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t o o t h t a p h o n o m y b a s e d o n A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s x i v f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( i n c l u d e d a r e t e e t h s c r e e n w a s h e d o n s i t e b y R R R ) . T a b l e 1 2 b . R e v i s e d i n i t i a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t o o t h t a p h o n o m y b a s e d o n A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 4 1 3 a . O b s e r v e d a n d e x p e c t e d o c c u r r e n c e s o f t e e t h f r o m T a b l e 1 2 a ( c u s p l e t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m a n a l y s i s a s p o s i t i o n i s i n d e t e r m i n a t e ) . T a b l e 1 3 b . O b s e r v e d a n d e x p e c t e d o c c u r r e n c e s o f t e e t h f r o m T a b l e 1 2 b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 5 1 4 a . A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . T a b l e 1 4 b . A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d . C a t e g o r i e s i n b o l d w a s o m i t t e d f r o m t h e X z - t e s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 6 1 5 . H e i g h t c h a n g e ( m m ) o f s a m p l e t o o t h o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ( t a p h o n o m y s e r i e s ) . S i x r e p l i c a t e s o f e a c h d i m e n s i o n m e a s u r e d a t e a c h i n t e r v a l . T o o t h A 2 h e i g h t m e a s u r e m e n t s w i t h s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n a n d a v e r a g e f o r e a c h i n t e r v a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 3 1 6 . A p p r o x i m a t e r a t e s o f l o s s ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . T a b l e 1 6 b . A p p r o x i m a t e r a t e s o f l o s s ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( R e g r e s s i o n E x p o n e n t i a l C u r v e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 4 1 7 . C o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . . . . 2 0 7 1 8 . C o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 8 1 9 a . S i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r p o p u l a t i o n o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . T a b l e 1 9 b . S i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r p o p u l a t i o n o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( R e g r e s s i o n E x p o n e n t i a l C u r v e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 9 2 0 . S t u d e n t ' s t - T e s t r e s u l t s f o r t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s f o r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 0 2 1 . S t u d e n t ' s t - T e s t ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r p o p u l a t i o n o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 2 2 . Q u a l i t a t i v e p r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e b y b o n e b e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 2 3 . T o t a l f o s s i l e l e m e n t s b y b o n e b e d . W H R R R i s t h e m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d b y R R R f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d a n d s c r e e n e d i n t h e f i e l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 2 4 . P e r c e n t a g e o f e l a s m o b r a n c h t a x a b y b o n e b e d i n d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 4 2 5 . R e v i s e d t a p h o n o m y s c a l e f o r s h a r k t e e t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 5 X V L I S T O F F I G U R E S . G e n e r a l v i e w o f C r e t a c e o u s b a d l a n d t o p o g r a p h y ( w i t h t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r i n t h e f o r e g r o u n d ) , F e r g u s C o u n t y , M o n t a n a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 . C a m p a n i a n s e d i m e n t o u t c r o p s i n M o n t a n a , W y o m i n g , A l b e r t a , a n d S a s k a t c h e w a n . S t a r m a r k s g e n e r a l a r e a o f r e s e a r c h ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 . S h a r k t e e t h a s o r i g i n a l l y i l l u s t r a t e d b y S t e n o ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S t e n o , 1 6 6 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 . L o w e r j a w s e c t i o n o f G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r f r o m A n d r e ( m o d i fi e d f r o m A n d r é , 1 7 8 4 ) w h e r e A r e p r e s e n t s “ n o r m a l ” t e e t h , B t h e b i s e c t e d t e e t h , a n d C t h e s t i n g r a y t a i l s p i n e b i s e c t i n g t h e t e e t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 . T o o t h a r r a n g e m e n t s a s i d e n t i fi e d b y S t r a s b u r g ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S t r a s b u r g , 1 9 6 3 ) : a . n o o v e r l a p ( i n d e p e n d e n t d e n t i t i o n ) , b . a l t e r n a t e o v e r l a p , c . i m b r i c a t e o v e r l a p , ( 1 . m i x e d a l t e r n a t e o v e r l a p , a n d 6 . m o d i fi e d i m b r i c a t e o v e r l a p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 6 . J a w l i n e o f M o n o g n a t h i c H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e m o d e r n t i g e r s h a r k G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r ( m o d i fi e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 7 . J a w l i n e o f D i g n a t h i c H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e m o d e r n s i x g i l l s h a r k H e x a n c h u s g r i s e u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 8 . J a w l i n e s O f O n t o g e n e t i c H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e m o d e r n h o r n s h a r k H e t e r o d o n t u s f r a n c i s c a n u s ( m o d i f i e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 9 . S e x u a l D e n t a l H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e g e n u s D a s y a t i s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 1 0 . C l u t c h i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n e x h i b i t e d b y S c y l i o r h i n u s r e t i f e r ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 1 1 . T e a r i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n s e e n i n O d o n t a s p i s f e r o x ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 1 2 a . C u t t i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n w h e r e c u t t i n g - e d g e s a r e c o m p l e t e i n S q u a l u s a c a n t h i a s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 1 2 b . C u t t i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n w h e r e c u t t i n g - e d g e s a r e s e r r a t e d s h o w n i n G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 1 3 a . V a r i a t i o n o f c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s u b - t y p e d e n t i t i o n a s e x h i b i t e d b y H e x a n c h u s g r i e s u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 x v i 1 3 b . V a r i a t i o n O f c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s u b - t y p e d e n t i t i o n a s e x h i b i t e d b y P t e r o l a m i o p s l o n g i m a n u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 3 c . V a r i a t i o n o f c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s u b - t y p e d e n t i t i o n a s e x h i b i t e d b y P a r a g a l e u s p e c t o r a l i s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 4 C r u s h i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n d i s p l a y e d b y R a j a c l a v a t a ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 1 5 . G r i n d i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n s h o w n i n M y l i o b a t r ' s ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 1 6 . C l u t c h i n g — g r i n d i n g t y p e d e n t i t i o n i n H e t e r o d o n t u s ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 1 7 . T o o t h p o s i t i o n t e r m i n o l o g y ( l e f t s i d e o f j a w ) f o r t h e G r e a t W h i t e a n d s i x g i l l s h a r k s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m P e r r y , 1 9 9 4 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 1 8 . T o o t h t e r m i n o l o g y o f s h a r k s : a . l a b i a l V i e w , b . l i n g u a l V i e w , a n d c . m e s i a l V i e w f r o m a n t e r i o r t o o t h O f P a l a e o h y p o t o d u s r u t o t i ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 1 9 . T o o t h t e r m i n o l o g y o f r a y s : a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w , c . p r o fi l e , ( 1 . o c c l u s a l V i e w , f r o m M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s ; e . o c c l u s a l V i e w f r o m f e m a l e l a t e r a l t o o t h o f P l a t y r h i n a s i n e n s i s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 2 0 . S t a g e s o f r o o t v a s c u l a r i z a t i o n : a . a n a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( S p h e n o d u s s p . ) , b . h e m i a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( N e b r i u s ) , c . h o l a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( C h a e n o g a l e u s ) , d . h o l a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( R a j a ) , a n d e . p o l y a u l a c o r h i z e S t a g e ( I g d a b a t i s ) ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 2 1 . H i s t o l o g y o f e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h : a . o r t h o d o n t t y p e ( C a r c h a r h i n u s ) a n d b . o s t e o d o n t t y p e ( L a m n a ) ( m o d i f i e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 2 2 . E x a m p l e s O f h o l o c e p h a l i a n t o o t h p l a t e d e n t i t i o n s : a . S q u a l o r a j a p o l y s p o n d y l a , b . M y r i a c a n t h u s p a r a d o x u s , a n d c . D e l t o p r y c h i u s a r m i g e r u s ( f r o m P a t t e r s o n , 1 9 6 5 ) ; d . d i a g r a m o f s e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e l o n g a x i s ( m e s i o d i s t a l ) o f H e l o d u s t o o t h p l a t e d e p i c t i n g t i s s u e s , r o o t , a n d c r o w n ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 2 3 . G e n e r a l i z e d s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p i n M o n t a n a a n d s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a ( J u d i t h R i v e r G r o u p ) . B l a c k b a n d t h r o u g h t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n r e p r e s e n t s t h e a p p r o x i m a t e p o s i t i o n o f t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d a n d t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d i n n o r t h - c e n t r a l M o n t a n a ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S a n k e y e t a l . , 2 0 0 2 ) . . . . . . . . . 4 6 2 4 . C l o s e - u p p h o t o o f t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d , a r r o w m a r k s b o t t o m b o u n d a r y o f s c o u r ( P h o t o c o u r t e s y o f R R . R o g e r s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 2 5 . C l o s e - u p p h o t o o f t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d , a r r o w m a r k s b o t t o m b o u n d a r y o f s c o u r ( P h o t o c o u r t e s y o f R R . R o g e r s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 x v i i 2 6 . 2 7 . 2 8 . 2 9 . 3 0 . 3 1 . 3 2 . 3 3 . 3 4 . 3 5 . 3 6 . M a p o f s a m p l i n g l o c a l i t i e s , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d b e t w e e n W o o d h a w k C r e e k a n d t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r , a n d P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d a d j a c e n t t o t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r , F e r g u s C o u n t y , M o n t a n a ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l o b e t a l . , 2 0 0 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8 D r a w i n g s o f H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w , c . l i n g u a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 6 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9 A n t e r i o r t o o t h d r a w i n g s O f C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s a l s o n i ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w , c . l i n g u a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 1 . S E M s o f a n t e r o - l a t e r a l t e e t h o f C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i ( d . l a b i a l V i e w , e . l i n g u a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 2 a n d ( f . o c c l u s a l v i e w , g . l a b i a l - b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a - g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0 D r a w i n g s o f S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i l a t e r a l t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : l z l , ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( I . l a b i a l v i e w ) S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 : 2 , a n d ( e . l i n g u a l V i e w , f . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a — f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 D r a w i n g s o f S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 a n d ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 D r a w i n g s O f S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 : l a n d ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : ] 3 : 3 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 D r a w i n g s o f H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : l , ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 2 , a n d ( e . l i n g u a l V i e w , f . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 4 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 S E M s o f H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w , c . c l o s e - u p o f p l i c a t i o n s o n l a b i a l f a c e ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 2 a n d ( d . l i n g u a l V i e w , e . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 z 3 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a - b , d - e a n d 0 . 1 m m f o r c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5 D r a w i n g s o f H y p o t o d u s s p . t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 4 : 1 a n d H y p o t o d u s s p . t e e t h ( 0 . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( I . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 5 z l . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h : a l m o s t p r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 2 2 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e l a t e r a l t o o t h ( e . l i n g u a l V i e w , f . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 2 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h . P r i s t i n e b u t c r o w n t i p b r o k e n l a t e r a l t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 4 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e l a t e r a l t o o t h w i t h m i n i m a l l y a b r a d e d r o o t ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 5 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e p o s t e r i o r t o o t h ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M x v i i i 3 7 . 3 8 . 3 9 . 4 0 . 4 1 . 4 2 . 4 3 . 4 5 . P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 2 6 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b a n d 5 m m c - f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h . P r i s t i n e b u t b r o k e n t i p p o s t e r i o r t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 7 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e p o s t e r i o r t o o t h ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 8 . P r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h ( e . l i n g u a l V i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — d a n d 5 . 0 m e - f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h . P r i s t i n e ( b u t b r o k e n ) a n t e r i o r t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 2 . P r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0 D r a w i n g s o f C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 9 : 1 a n d ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 9 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 : 1 , ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( I . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 z 2 , a n d ( e . l i n g u a l V i e w , f . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 2 1 3 z 8 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 8 : 2 . S E M S o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i t o o t h ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 2 3 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 1 1 3 : 2 3 : 1 a n d ( c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 3 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4 D r a w i n g s O f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e t e e t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 ; ( c . o c c l u s a l V i e w , ( I . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 2 ; ( O b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) ( e . o c c l u s a l V i e w , f . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 1 ; ( O b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) ( g . o c c l u s a l V i e w , h . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 2 , a n d ( i . p r O fi l e V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 2 1 1 : 3 . S E M S O f P r o t o p l a r y r h i n a r e n a e t e e t h ( e . o c c l u s a l V i e w , f . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 3 ; ( g . o c c l u s a l V i e w , h . b a s a l V i e w ) S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a — k a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r l - m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e ( w e a k s i d e d s h a p e ) t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 1 1 3 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o p l a r y r h i n a r e n a e ( O b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) t o o t h ( c . o c c l u s a l v i e w , ( I . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 0 . S E M S o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e ( O b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) t o o t h ( e . o c c l u s a l v i e w , f . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 1 . D r a w i n g s O f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ( g . o c c l u s a l V i e w , h . p r o fi l e v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 5 a n d ( i . o c c l u s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 6 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - d , a n d g — i , a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r e - f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 S E M S o f S q u a t i r h i n a s p . t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l , b . l a t e r a l / b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M x i x 4 6 . 4 7 . 4 8 . 4 9 . 5 0 . 5 1 . 5 2 . 5 3 . 5 4 . 5 5 . 5 6 . 5 7 . P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 3 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7 D r a w i n g s o f I s c h y r h i z a m i r a r o s t r a l t e e t h ( a - c , r o s t r a l t e e t h ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 : 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 : 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7 D r a w i n g s o f P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 5 : 1 . S E M S o f P r y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i t o o t h ( c . o c c l u s a l v i e w , ( 1 . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 5 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r c - d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 D r a w i n g s o f P r y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 6 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 D r a w i n g s o f S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w , c . l i n g u a l V i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 1 . S E M S o f S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e t o o t h ( e . o c c l u s a l V i e w , f . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 S E M S o f S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e t e e t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 3 a n d ( c . l a b i a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — b a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 D r a w i n g s o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w , c . l a t e r a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 1 . S E M S o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t o o t h ( d . o c c l u s a l v i e w , C . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 2 . D r a w i n g o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t o o t h ( f . l a t e r a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 6 : 1 . D r a w i n g s o f d e r m a l d e n t i c l e o f M . b i p a r t i t u s ( g . o c c l u s a l V i e w , h . l a t e r a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — d , f , 0 . 5 m e , a n d 5 . 0 m m f o r g - h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 ] D r a w i n g o f p a r t i a l I s c h y o d u s ( c h i m a e r i d ) t o o t h p l a t e , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 3 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 2 D r a w i n g s o f P a r a l b u l a c a s e i p h a r y n g e a l t o o t h p l a t e ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 2 W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) 7 5 M a ( a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ) - g e o g r a p h i c a l f o c u s f o r J R F f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y r o u g h l y p o s i t i o n e d ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l a k e y , 2 0 0 9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 G e n e r a l i z e d c o r r e l a t i o n c h a r t o f f o r m a t i o n s / u n i t s o f t h e W I S i n t h e s t u d y . J R F M o n t a n a i s b r a c k e t e d i n b l a c k . I n f o r m a t i o n g a t h e r e d f r o m s t u d i e s c i t e d i n c a p t i o n f o r T a b l e 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 4 C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . E a c h b r a c k e t e d c l u s t e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n m o r e d e t a i l i n F i g u r e s 5 7 - 5 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2 S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 5 6 , b r a c k e t 1 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . S y n o d o n t a s p i s ( A ) , 0 d 0 n t a s p i s * ( B * ) , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s * ( C * ) , X X 5 8 . 5 9 . 6 0 . 6 1 . 6 2 . E u c r o s s o r h i n u s * ( D * ) , H y p o t o d u s * ( E * ) , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s * ( F * ) , S y n e c h o d u s * ( G * ) , C e n t r o p h o r o i d e s ( H ) , B r a c h a e l u r u s ( I ) , P s e u d o d o n t a s p i s ( J ) , A n k i s t r o r h y n c h u s ( K ) , I s c h y r h i z a * ( L * ) , M y l e d a p h u s * ( M * ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . * ( N * ) , A r c h a e o l a m n a * ( 0 * ) , C a r c h a r h i n i f o r m e s i n c e r t a e s e d i s ( P ) , a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n * ( Q * ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 4 S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 5 6 , b r a c k e t 2 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . J o h n l o n g i a ( R ) , C r e t o d u s ( S ) , S q u a l i c o r a x * ( T * ) , ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( U ) , F a m i l y - ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( V ) , C r e t o x y r h i n a ( W ) , D a l l a s i e l l a ( X ) , K i e s t u s ( Y ) , C r e t o m a n t a ( Z ) , P r o t o l a m n a * ( A A * ) , P o l y a c r o d u s ( A B ) , H y b o d u s * ( A C * ) , ? R h i n c o d o n t i d a e ( A D ) , L e p t o s t y r a x ( A E ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s ( A F ) , O n c h o p r i s t i s ( A G ) , E n a n t i o b a t i s ( A H ) , P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s ( A I ) , C r e t o l a m n a * ( A J * ) , P a r a i s u r u s ( A K ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m ( A L ) , S c y l i o r h i n i d a e ( A M ) , D a s y a t i s ( A N ) , M i c r o c o r a x ( A O ) , P a r a r h i n d o d o n ( A P ) , P t y c h o d u s ( A Q ) , ? D a s y a t i d a e ( A R ) , S q u a t i r h i n a * ( A S * ) , a n d C e n o c a r c h a r i a s ( A T ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 6 S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 5 6 , b r a c k e t 3 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . G i n g l y m o s t o m a ( A U ) , N e b r i u s ( A V ) , A n o m o t o d o n ( A W ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s ( A X ) , S q u a t i g a l e u s ( A Y ) , T r i a k i d a e o r C a r c h i a r h i n i d a e i n d e t . g e n . ( A Z ) , R a j a ( B A ) , H a m r a b a t i s ( B B ) , S c h i z o r h i z a ( B C ) , C o u p a t e z i a ( B D ) , T e x a b a t i s ( B E ) , R h o m b o d u s ( B F ) , E w i n g i a ( B G ) , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a * ( B H * ) , P e y e r i a ( B I ) , C a r c h a r i a s ( B J ) , S e r r a t o l a m n a ( B K ) , G a l e o r h i n u s ( B L ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m * ( B M * ) , S o m n i o s i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( B N ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . o r C a r c h a r i a s s p . ( B O ) , O n c h o s a u r u s ( B P ) , B r a c h y r h i z o d u s ( B Q ) , M y l i o b a t i d a e ( B R ) , T e x a t r y g o n ( B S ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s ( B T ) , P s e u d o c o r a x ( B U ) , R h i n o b a t o s ( B V ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s ( B W ) , P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m ( B X ) , S q u a t i n a ( B Y ) , S q u a l u s ( B Z ) , L i s s o d u s ( C A ) , H e x a n c h u s ( C B ) , E t m o p t e r i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( C C ) , P a l a e o g a l e u s ( C D ) , R a j i d a e ( C E ) , a n d P a r a n o m o t o d o n ( C F ) . . . . 1 4 8 C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f f o r m a t i o n s b y g e n e r a f r o m t h e W I S . B r a c k e t 1 S D C a r l i l e S h a l e ( A ) , K S C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n ( B ) , K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k ( C ) , T X A u s t i n G r o u p ( D ) , T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p ( E ) , A Z G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m ( F ) , K S N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n ( G ) , S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n ( H ) , C O G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e ( I ) , T X W o o d b i n e G r o u p ( J ) , T X T a y l o r G r o u p ( K ) , a n d T X N a v a r r o G r o u p ( L ) . B r a c k e t 2 N D H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( M ) , S K J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( N ) , A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( O ) , M T J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n * ( P * ) , A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( Q ) , W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n ( R ) , M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( S ) , a n d W Y “ M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n ” ( T ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 0 C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . E a c h b r a c k e t e d c l u s t e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n m o r e d e t a i l i n F i g u r e s 6 2 - 6 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 1 S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 1 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . O d o n t a s p i s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s ( A ) , P l y c h o d u s r u g o s u s ( B ) , S y n o d o n t a s p i s l i l l i a e ( C ) , C r e t o d u s s p . ( D ) , S q u a l i c o r a x f a l c a t u s ( E ) , C r e t o m a n t a c a n a d e n s i s ( F ) , P t y c h o d u s w h i p p l e i ( G ) , P t y c h o d u s s p . ( H ) , P t y c h o d u s c o n n e l l y i ( I ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s r a p h i o d o n ( J ) , R h i n o b a t o s i n c e r t u s ( K ) , C r e t o x y r h i n a m a n t e l l i ( L ) , x x i 6 3 . P t y c h o d u s m o r t o n i ( M ) , P r o t o l a m n a c o m p r e s s i d e n s ( N ) , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . 1 ( O ) , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . 2 ( P ) , R h i n o b a t o s k i e s t e n s i s ( Q ) , R h i n o b a t o s l o b a t u s ( R ) , K i e s t u s t e x a n u s ( S ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s p r i s c u s ( T ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s s p . ( U ) , T e x a t r y g o n h o o v e r i ( V ) , D a l l a s i e l l a w i l l i s t o m ' ( W ) , P t y c h o d u s I a t i s s i m u s ( X ) , H y b o d u s s p . 3 ( Y ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s s p . ( Z ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m g r e e n i ( A A ) , S q u a l i c o r a x v o l g e n s i s ( A B ) , C a r c h a r i a s a m o n e n s i s ( A C ) , S q u a l i c o r a x c u r v a t u s ( A D ) , P t y c h o d u s a n o n y m u s ( A E ) , P o l y a c r o d u s i l l i n g s w o r t h i ( A F ) , P t y c h o d u s o c c i d e n t a l i s ( A G ) , ? R h i n c o d o n t i d a e ( A H ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . A ( A 1 ) , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . ( A J ) , P t y c h o d u s m a m m i l a r i s ( A K ) , P t y c h o d u s d e c u r r e n s ( A L ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m s p . ( A M ) , C r e t o d u s s e m i p l i c a t u s ( A N ) , C r e t o l a m n a w o o d w a r d i ( A O ) , c f . L e p t o s t y r a x s p . ( A P ) , P r o t o p l a l y r h i n a h o p i i ( A Q ) , I s c h y r h i z a s c h n e i d e r i ( A R ) , O n c h o p r i s t i s d u n k l e i ( A S ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n r u b y a e ( A T ) , B r a c h a e l u r u s g r e e n i ( A U ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m d e c i p i e n s ( A V ) , ? R h i n o b a t o s i n c e r t u s s p . ( A W ) , ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( A X ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n l e d o u x i ( A Y ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s * ( A Z * ) , R h i n o b a t o s s p . ( B A ) , S y n e c h o d u s i l l i n g w o r t h i ? ( B B ) , P t y c h o d u s p o l y g y r u s ( B C ) , J o h n l o n g i a p a r v i d e n s ( B D ) , S y n e c h o d u s s p . ( B E ) , a n d F a m i l y - ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( B F ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 2 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . ? P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s s p . ( B G ) , O d o n t a s p i s a m o n e n s i s ( B H ) , L i s s o d u s s p . ( B I ) , H y b o d u s s p . ( B J ) , H y b o d u s s p . 1 ( B K ) , H y b o d u s s p . 2 ( B L ) , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s s p . ( B M ) , P a r a r h i n c o d o n a f f . l e h m a n i ( B N ) , C e n o c a r c h a r i a s t e n u i p l i c a t u s ( B O ) , O d o n t a s p i s t e n u i p l i c a t u s ( B P ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s a f f . p r a e r a p h i o d o n ( B Q ) , L e p t o s t y r a x m a c r o r h i z a ( B R ) , P a r a i s u r u s c o m p r e s s u s ( B S ) , P r o t o l a m n a c a r t e r i ( B T ) , S q u a l i c o r a x b a h a r i j e n s i s ( B U ) , P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s m c n u l t y i ( B V ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n s l a u g h t e r i ( B W ) , ? D a s y a t i d a e ( B X ) , E n a n t i o b a t i s t a r r a n t e n s i s ( B Y ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n h 0 0 v e r i * ( B Z * ) , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i * ( C A * ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m s p . ( C B ) , M i c r o c o r a x c r a s s u s ( C C ) , ? S q u a t i r h i n a s p . ( C D ) , I s c h y r h i z a s p . * ( C E * ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . ( C F ) , O d o n t a s p i s s p . ( C G ) , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a * ( C H * ) , P e y e r i a s p . ( C I ) , c f . P a r a r h i n c o d o n s p . ( C J ) , C a r c h a r i a s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s ( C K ) , C a r c h a r i a s t e n u i p l i c a t u s ( C L ) , c f . J o h n l o n g i a s p . ( C M ) , C a r c h a r h i n i f o r m e s i n c e r t a e s e d i s ( C N ) , a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n s p . ( C O ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 5 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 3 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . C a r c h a r i a s s t e i n e r i ( C P ) , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s a l s o m ' * ( C Q * ) , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s * ( C R * ) , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e * ( C S * ) , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a * ( C T * ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s * ( C U * ) , S q u a t i r h i n a s p . * ( C V * ) , O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i * ( C W * ) , M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s * ( C X * ) , H y p o t o d u s s p p . * ( C Y * ) , S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i * ( C Z * ) , H y b o d u s s t o r e r i * ( D A * ) , H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s * ( D B * ) , S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s * D C * ) , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s * ( D D * ) , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e * ( D B * ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . * ( D F * ) , A r c h a e o l a m n a k 0 p i n g e n s i s * ( D G * ) , B r a c h a e l u r u s b i g h o m e n s i s ( D H ) , L i s s o d u s g r i fi ‘ i s i ( D I ) , C e n t r o p h o r o i d e s w o r l a n d e n s i s ( D J ) , S y n e c h o d u s t u m e r i ( D K ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s * ( D L * ) , G i n g l y m o s t o m a g l o b i d e n s ( D M ) , O d o m a s p i s c h e a t h a m i ( D N ) , O d o n t a s p i s s t e i n e r i ( D O ) , P s e u d o d o n t a s p i s h e r b s t i ( D P ) , S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i * ( D Q * ) , S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s * ( D R * ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s t e n s l e e p e n s i s ( D S ) , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s a m a t u s ( D T ) , S q u a t i r h i n a r o e s s i n g i ( D U ) , A n k i s t r o r h y n c h u s w a s h a k i e n s i s ( D V ) , I s c h y r h i z a x x i i 6 5 . 6 6 . 6 7 . 6 8 . b a s i n e n s i s ( D W ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n b o o t h i ( D X ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n e l l a e ( D Y ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n g r e y b u l l e n s i s ( D Z ) , R h i n o b a t o s c a s i e r i ( E A ) , a n d S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s t e x a n u s ( E B ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 7 S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 4 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . H y b o d u s w y o m i n g e n s i s ( E C ) , O d o n t a s p i s a c u l e a t u s ( E D ) , H e x a n c h u s s p . ( E E ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s g r a n t i ( E F ) , G i n g l y m o s t o m a s p . ( E G ) , N e b r i u s s p . ( E H ) , R h i n o b a t o s c r a d d o c k i ( E I ) , R a j a f a r i s h i ( E J ) , H a m r a b a t i s w e l t o n i ( E K ) , I s c h y r h i z a m o n a s t e r i c a ( E L ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n v e r m i c u l a t a ( E M ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n w i n m ' ( E N ) , S c h i z o r h i z a c f . w e i l e r i ( E O ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s p e t t e r s i ( E P ) , C o u p a t e z i a t u r n e r i ( E Q ) , D a s y a t i s c o m m e r c e n s i s ( E R ) , T e x a b a t i s c o r r u g a t a ( E S ) , R h o m b o d u s b i n k h o r s t i ( E T ) , R h o m b o d u s ? s p . ( E U ) , E w i n g i a p r o b l e m a t i c a ( E V ) , R h i n o b a t o s u v u l a t u s ( E W ) , S q u a l u s s p . ( E X ) , L i s s o d u s a f f . b a b u l s k i i ( E Y ) , L i s s o d u s s p p . ( E Z ) , H e x a n c h u s m i c r o d o n ( F A ) , S q u a l u s h u n t e n s i s ( F B ) , S q u a t i n a h a s s e i ( F C ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m m e y e r i ( F D ) , P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m a n t i q u u m ( F E ) , C a r c h a r i a s h e a t h i ( F F ) , C a r c h a r i a s h o l m d e l e n s i s ( F G ) , C a r c h a r i a s c f . s a m h a m m e r i ( F H ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . 1 ( F l ) , A n o m o t o d o n t o d d i ( F J ) , C r e t o l a m n a m a r o c c a n a ( F K ) , C r e t o l a m n a s p . ( F L ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s i v a g r a n t a e ( F M ) , G a l e o r h i n u s a f f . g i r a r d o t i ( F N ) , P a l a e o g a l e u s n a v a r r o e n s i s ( F O ) , S q u a t i g a l e u s s u l p h u r e n s i s ( F P ) , T r i a k i d a e o r C a r c h a r h i n i d a e i n d e t . g e n . ( F Q ) + , S c y l i o r h i n u s a r l i n g t o n e n s i s ( F R ) + , P t y c h o t r y g o n t e x a n a ( F S ) + , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . ( F T ) , S q u a t i r h i n a a m e r i c a n a ( F U ) , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a * ( F V * ) , R h i n o b a t o s l a d o m ' a e n s i s ( F W ) , L i s s o d u s s e l a c h o s ( F X ) , S o m n i o s i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( F Y ) , E t m o p t e r i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( F Z ) , P a r a r h i n c o d o n g r o e s s e n s s i ( G A ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . o r C a r c h a r i a s s p . ( G B ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s t a y l o r e n s i s ( G C ) , O n c h o s a u r u s p h a r o ( G D ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s f a r m i n e n s i s ( G E ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s s p . ( G F ) , T e x a t r y g o n c o p e i ( G G ) , M y l i o b a t i d a e ( G H ) , P r y c h o t r y g o n a g u j a G I ) , P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m d e r a m e e i ( G J ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . B ( G K ) , S e r r a t o l a m n a s e r r a t a ( G L ) , G a l e o r h i n u s s p . ( G M ) , P a l a e o g a l e u s s p . ( G N ) , R a j i d a e ( G O ) , B r a c h y r h i z o d u s w i c h i t a e n s i s ( G P ) , P s e u d o c o r a x g r a n t i ( G Q ) , S c y l i o r h i n i d a e ( G R ) , I s c h y r h i z a t e x a n a ( G S ) , D a s y a t i s s p p . ( G T ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s s p . ( G U ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s c f . c a n a l i c u l a t u s ( G V ) , a n d P a r a n o m o t o d o n s p . ( G W ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 9 F i g u r e 6 6 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f f o r m a t i o n s b y s p e c i e s f r o m t h e W I S . B r a c k e t 1 S D C a r l i l e S h a l e ( A ) , K S C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n ( B ) , K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k ( C ) , T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p ( D ) , T X A u s t i n G r o u p ( E ) , A Z G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m ( F ) , S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n ( G ) , C O G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e ( H ) , K S N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n ( I ) , a n d T X W o o d b i n e G r o u p ( J ) . B r a c k e t 2 N D H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( K ) , T X T a y l o r G r o u p ( L ) , T X N a v a r r o G r o u p ( M ) , W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n ( N ) , M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( 0 ) , S K J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( P ) , M T J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n * ( Q * ) , W Y “ M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n ” ( R ) , A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( S ) , a n d A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( T ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 P A E s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s o f W I S g e n e r a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 2 W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) 7 5 M a ( a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ) - g e o g r a p h i c a l f o c u s f o r J R F f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s o f t h i s x x i i i 6 9 . 7 0 . 7 1 . 7 2 . 7 3 . 7 4 . 7 5 . 7 6 . 7 7 . 7 8 . 7 9 . 8 0 . 8 1 . s t u d y r o u g h l y p o s i t i o n e d , p r o v i n c e s b y g e n e r a ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l a k e y , 2 0 0 9 ) . . . . . . . 1 6 3 P A E s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s o f W I S s p e c i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 4 W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) 7 5 M a ( a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ) — g e o g r a p h i c a l f o c u s f o r J R F f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s O f t h i s s t u d y r o u g h l y p o s i t i o n e d , p r o v i n c e s b y s p e c i e s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l a k e y , 2 0 0 9 ) . . . . . . 1 6 5 P r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 c m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 2 P r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 c m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 3 T o o t h p r o c u r e m e n t a t t e m p t . S c a l e b a r = 1 0 . 0 c m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 7 T a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t a l s e t u p . C o n s i s t i n g o f 8 E d u S c i e n c e l a p i d a r y t u m b l e r s , s a l t w a t e r , s a n d f r o m t h e J R F , a n d m o d e r n t e e t h O f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ( S h a r k ) a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( r a y ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 8 S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l V i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e z e r o h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 2 5 0 h o u r s ( f ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 9 S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l v i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e 3 0 0 h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 5 5 0 h o u r s ( f ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 0 S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l V i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e 6 0 0 h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 8 5 0 h o u r s ( 1 ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 1 S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l V i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e 9 0 0 h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 1 0 5 0 h o u r s ( < 1 ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 2 R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h h e i g h t ( R e g r e s s i o n L i n e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 5 R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h h e i g h t ( R e g r e s s i o n E x p o n e n t i a l C u r v e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 6 M o d e r n a n d f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h a s h o w t h e y m a y fi t i n a t a p h o n o m i c s c h e m e b y t i m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 6 x x i v K E Y T O A B B R E V I A T I O N S S h a r k , r a y , a n d c h i m a e r i d t o o t h t e r m s a p x a p e x c r c r o w n c u s c u s p e n l e n a m e l o i d l a d l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s ( = d e n t i c l e s ) l a f l a b i a l f o r a m i n a l a m l a m e l l a r t i s s u e l i f l i n g u a l f o r a m i n a l u l i n g u a l u v u l a l p r l i n g u a l p r o t u b e r a n c e o f t h e r o o t m l u m e d i a n l i n g u a l u v u l a n e c n e c k ( = c o l l a r = l i n g u a l f u r r o w ) n u g n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e o c o c c l u s a l s u r f a c e o f c r o w n o r o r t h o d e n t i n e o t o r t h o t r a b e c u l i n e p u c p u l p c a v i t y r t r o o t t c r t r a n s v e r s e c r e s t t d n t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e ( o r o s t e o d e n t i n e ) v c n v a s c u l a r c a n a l v e r v e r t i c a l r i d g e s ( = p l i c a t i o n s ) X X V C H A P T E R O N E I N T R O D U C T I O N T h e C r e t a c e o u s f o r m a t i o n s o f M o n t a n a ( F i g u r e 1 ) h a v e l o n g b e e n o f i n t e r e s t t o b o t h g e o l o g i s t s a n d p a l e o n t o l o g i s t s . T h e f o r m a t i o n s w e r e fi r s t n o t e d a s e a r l y a s t h e L e w i s a n d C l a r k e x p e d i t i o n f r o m 1 8 0 4 - 1 8 0 6 ( L e w i s , 1 8 1 4 ) . S i n c e t h a t t i m e t h e a r e a , i n p a r t i c u l a r t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( J R F ) ( n o t a b l y i n F e r g u s a n d B l a i n e c o u n t i e s ) , h a s b e e n e x p l o r e d a n d s t u d i e d f o r i t s g e o l o g y a n d f o s s i l f a u n a ( i n p a r t i c u l a r t h e v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a ) b y , a m o n g o t h e r s , M e e k a n d H a y d e n i n 1 8 5 5 ( 1 8 5 6 a a n d 1 8 5 6 b ) , C o p e i n 1 8 7 6 , S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r i n 1 9 0 5 , S a h n i ( 1 9 7 2 ) , C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) , R o g e r s ( 1 9 9 4 a n d 1 9 9 8 ) , R o g e r s a n d E b e r t h ( 1 9 9 6 ) , a n d R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l ( 2 0 0 0 ) . E x t e n s i v e s t u d i e s h a v e b e e n c a r r i e d o u t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e a g e a n d r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h e f o r m a t i o n t o O t h e r s i n t h e r e g i o n . T h e s e s t u d i e s h a v e s h o w n t h a t t h e J R F i s m o s t l y n o n m a r i n e , w i t h d o m i n a n t l y fl u v i a l f a c i e s a n d l o c a l t i d a l i n fl u e n c e s . T h e f o r m a t i o n i s p r i m a r i l y c o m p o s e d o f s i l t y c l a y s , s i l t s t o n e s , a n d fi n e - t o - m e d i u m - g r a i n e d s a n d s t o n e s . T h e f o c u s O f t h i s r e s e a r c h i s t o e x a m i n e t h e C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a a n d g e o l o g i c s e t t i n g O f t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( W H ) a n d t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d ( P P F ) l o c a l i t i e s i n t h e J R F . H y p o t h e s e s t o b e a d d r e s s e d i n c l u d e : 0 C a s e ’ s w o r k ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) a c c u r a t e l y r e fl e c t s t h e C r e t a c e o u s d i v e r s i t y o f s h a r k s i n t h e r e g i o n p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h r e s p e c t t o h e t e r o d o n t y , a c o m p l i c a t i n g f e a t u r e o f e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h ; t h e b i o g e o g r a p h i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s s h a r k f a u n a f r o m t h e J R F w i l l s h o w i t t o b e a r a t h e r t y p i c a l f a u n a w h e n c o m p a r e d t o c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s f a u n a s f r o m o t h e r f o r m a t i o n s i n w e s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a ; t h e c u r r e n t f a u n a l l i s t ( C a s e 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) o f t h e J R F r e p r e s e n t s a r a t h e r t y p i c a l f a u n a f r o m a c o a s t a l , w a r m s h a l l o w m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t , s o t h e a r e a h a s b e e n s u f fi c i e n t l y s a m p l e d t o c r e a t e a c o m p l e t e f a u n a l p i c t u r e a n d n o u n d e s c r i b e d t a x a w i l l b e f o u n d ; t a p h o n o m i c f a c t o r s h a v e a f f e c t e d t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a ; a c t u a l i s t i c t a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t s c a n b e u s e d t o t e s t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s : t h e r e w i l l b e n o s i g n i fi c a n t d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e t e e t h a t t h e s t a r t o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a n d a t t h e e n d o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t ; a n d a c t u a l i s t i c t a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t s c a n b e u s e d i n t e r p r e t t h e f o s s i l m a t e r i a l . H I S T O R I C A L B A C K G R O U N D O N G E O L O G I C S E T T I N G T h e fi r s t s c i e n t i fi c o b s e r v a t i o n o f r o c k s t h a t w o u l d l a t e r b e r e c o g n i z e d a s p a r t o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r a r e a w a s b y t h e L e w i s a n d C l a r k e x p e d i t i o n i n 1 8 0 4 - 1 8 0 6 ( L e w i s , 1 8 1 4 ) w h e n t h e y s a w t h e w h i t e r o c k s ( n o w n a m e d t h e E a g l e S a n d s t o n e ) i n t h e v a l l e y o f t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r . O t h e r e a r l y e x p e d i t i o n s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t b y t h e P r u s s i a n n a t u r a l i s t A l e x a n d e r P h i l i p p M a x i m i l i a n , P r i n c e O f W i e d - N e u w i e d a s h e t r a v e l l e d t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r s t u d y i n g t h e N a t i v e A m e r i c a n s , w i l d l i f e , a n d s t r a t a ( 1 8 3 9 - 1 8 4 1 ) ; b y M e e k a n d H a y d e n ( 1 8 5 6 a a n d 1 8 5 6 b ) ; b y H a t c h e r ( 1 9 0 3 b ) , b y H a t c h e r a n d S t a n t o n ( 1 9 0 3 ) , a n d S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r ( 1 9 0 5 ) . A l m o s t f r o m t h e o u t s e t , t h e s e C a m p a n i a n a g e d s e d i m e n t s ( F i g u r e 2 ) h a v e b e e n o b j e c t s o f g e o l o g i c a l a n d p a l e o n t o l o g i c a l s t u d y , i n c l u d i n g b o t h i n v e r t e b r a t e s a n d v e r t e b r a t e s . T h e v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a h a s b e e n s t u d i e d e x t e n s i v e l y , r e s u l t i n g i n m a n y e n o r m o u s d i n o s a u r s k e l e t o n s n o w g r a c i n g t h e f l o o r s o f m a j o r m u s e u m s . T h e s e e a r l y e x p e d i t i o n s a n d O t h e r e x t e n s i v e s t u d i e s b y s c i e n t i s t s i n c l u d i n g M e e k a n d H a y d e n ( 1 8 5 6 a - b , 1 8 5 7 , a n d 1 8 5 8 ) , H a y d e n ( 1 8 5 7 , 1 8 5 8 , a n d 1 8 6 0 ) , L e i d y ( 1 8 5 6 a ) , C o p e ( 1 8 7 4 , 1 8 7 6 a - b , a n d 1 8 7 7 ) , C H . S t e m b e r g ( 1 8 8 3 , 1 9 0 3 , 1 9 1 4 , a n d 1 9 1 5 ) , M a r s h ( 1 8 8 8 , 1 8 8 9 a - b , 1 8 9 0 , a n d 1 8 9 2 a - c ) , B r o w n ( 1 9 0 7 a n d 1 9 3 3 a ) , a n d M a t t h e w ( 1 9 1 4 ) c o n t r i b u t e d t o s e v e r a l e f f o r t s i n c l u d i n g t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e a g e o f t h e J R F , t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h e J R F t o o t h e r f o r m a t i o n s i n t h e r e g i o n , t h e c o r r e l a t i o n o f f o r m a t i o n s a c r o s s i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s , a s w e l l a s t h e d i s c o v e r y a n d d e s c r i p t i o n o f n e w f o s s i l t a x a . 1 8 5 0 s - 1 8 7 0 3 T h e p e r c e i v e d a g e o f t h e r o c k s , w h i c h w e r e o f t e n r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s ( M e e k a n d H a y d e n , 1 8 5 6 b a n d H a y d e n , 1 8 5 8 ) i n t h e m i d - 1 8 0 0 3 , r a n g e d f r o m J u r a s s i c t o t h e T e r t i a r y ( M e e k a n d H a y d e n , 1 8 5 6 a - b ) o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e i n v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s c o l l e c t e d b y M e e k a n d H a y d e n i n 1 8 5 5 ( 1 8 5 6 a — b ) . I n 1 8 7 6 C o p e c o n fi r m e d M e e k a n d H a y d e n ’ s ( 1 8 5 6 a - b ) v i e w s t h a t t h e b e d s w e r e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s i n a g e w i t h h i s o w n s t u d i e s a n d d e s c r i p t i o n s o n v e r t e b r a t e s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e a r e a b y H a y d e n i n 1 8 5 5 ( C o p e , 1 8 7 4 , 1 8 7 6 a , a n d 1 8 7 7 ) . T h i s o c c u r r e d a f t e r C o p e ( 1 8 6 9 ) h a d o r i g i n a l l y c l a i m e d a J u r a s s i c a g e f o r t h e f o s s i l s . C o p e ( 1 8 7 6 b ) a l s o s u r v e y e d t h e a r e a h i m s e l f w i t h c o l l e a g u e s a n d c o l l e c t e d s p e c i m e n s t h a t h e l a t e r p u b l i s h e d . M a t e r i a l s c o l l e c t e d b y H a y d e n w e r e a l s o e x a m i n e d a n d p u b l i s h e d b y L e i d y ( 1 8 5 6 a ) w h o c o m p a r e d t h e m t o E u r o p e a n C r e t a c e o u s s p e c i m e n s . 1 8 8 0 8 - 1 9 0 0 s I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d s t u d i e s , r e s e a r c h a l s o f o c u s e d o n c o e v a l d e p o s i t s a n d f o s s i l s f r o m C a n a d a a n d W y o m i n g . T h e s e s t u d i e s c o n t r i b u t e d t o d e t e r m i n i n g t h e a g e a n d g e o g r a p h i c e x t e n t o f t h e J R F . G . M . D a w s o n ( 1 8 8 3 a n d 1 8 8 4 a - b ) c o m p l e t e d r e g i o n a l a n d f o s s i l s t u d i e s o f t h e B o w a n d B e l l y R i v e r F o r m a t i o n s i n t h e N o r t h w e s t T e r r i t o r y , w h i l e t h e p l a n t s w e r e s t u d i e d b y J . W . D a w s o n ( 1 8 8 6 ) w h o c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e B o w a n d B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s a n d t h e O l d m a n R i v e r a n d M e d i c i n e H a t F o r m a t i o n s w e r e J u r a s s o - C r e t a c e o u s O r l o w e r C r e t a c e o u s i n a g e . W h i t e a v e s ( 1 8 8 5 ) s t u d i e d t h e i n v e r t e b r a t e s f r o m t h e B e l l y R i v e r G r o u p i n C a n a d a , fi n d i n g m a n y o f t h e s a m e f o s s i l s i n t h e B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s a s M e e k a n d H a y d e n f o u n d i n t h e J R F . W h i t e a v e s a l s o m a d e e a r l y c o r r e l a t i o n s O f f o r m a t i o n s i n t h e U S . a n d C a n a d a . V e r t e b r a t e s t u d i e s f r o m t h e B e l l y R i v e r G r o u p a l o n g w i t h p r o v i s i o n a l s t r a t i g r a p h i c a l c o r r e l a t i o n s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t b y O s b o r n ( 1 9 0 2 ) a n d b y L a m b e ( 1 9 0 2 ) w h o a l s o w o r k e d o n a s h a r k f o s s i l f r o m A l b e r t a ( L a m b e , 1 9 1 8 ) . F o s s i l s f r o m t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s , L a n c e C r e e k , a n d t h e B e l l y R i v e r b e d s w e r e a l l c o m p a r e d t o e a c h o t h e r b y H a t c h e r ( 1 9 0 3 a ) w h o f o u n d s u f fi c i e n t t a x o n o m i c s i m i l a r i t i e s a m o n g t h e m t o a s s i g n s i m i l a r a g e s t o t h e f o r m a t i o n s . 1 9 0 0 8 - 1 9 4 0 8 I n 1 9 0 3 H a t c h e r a n d S t a n t o n s u r v e y e d t h e J u d i t h R i v e r a r e a , c o m p l e t i n g s t u d i e s o n t h e s t r a t i g r a p h y , i n v e r t e b r a t e s , v e r t e b r a t e s , a n d fl o r a , a n d a s s i g n e d a n U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s a g e t o t h e J R F ( S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r , 1 9 0 5 a n d K n o w l t o n , 1 9 0 5 ) . B r o w n ( 1 9 0 7 , 1 9 0 8 , 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2 , 1 9 l 3 a - c , 1 9 1 4 a - e , a n d l 9 3 3 a - b ) c o n d u c t e d e x c a v a t i o n s a n d s t u d i e s o f m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d f r o m M o n t a n a a s w e l l a s t h e C r e t a c e o u s b e d s ( a l o n g w i t h s o m e E o c e n e m a t e r i a l ) o f C a n a d a , n o t a b l y A l b e r t a , w o r k i n g o n t h e s t r a t i g r a p h y a n d v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g i c a l f a u n a s . P e a l e ( 1 9 1 2 a - c ) w o r k e d o n t h e a g e a n d t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n o f t h e J R F , f o l l o w e d b y S t e b i n g e r ( 1 9 1 4 a - b ) w h o t r a c e d t h e l i t h o l o g i c c h a n g e s o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p ( o f w h i c h t h e J R F i s a p a r t o f ) n o r t h w a r d . C . H . S t e m b e r g ( 1 9 1 4 , 1 9 1 5 , 1 9 1 6 - 1 9 1 7 , 1 9 1 8 ) c o n t r i b u t e d w i t h c o l l e c t i o n s a n d s t u d i e s o n t h e C a m p a n i a n v e r t e b r a t e s f r o m t h e B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s o f C a n a d a i n a d d i t i o n t o v e r t e b r a t e s f r o m t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a . C . H . S t e m b e r g ( 1 9 1 4 a n d 1 9 1 8 ) n o t e d t h a t b o t h t h e s u c c e s s i o n o f r o c k s a n d v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s i n t h e E d m o n t o n a n d B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s a p p e a r e d t o b e o f t h e s a m e t y p e a s s e e n i n t h e J R F a n d d e d u c e d t h a t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s m a d e b y H a t c h e r a n d S t a n t o n ( 1 9 0 3 ) , S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r ( 1 9 0 5 ) o n s t r a t i g r a p h i c c o r r e l a t i o n s w e r e c o r r e c t ( C . H . S t e m b e r g , 1 9 1 5 ) . B o w e n ’ s ( 1 9 1 5 ) s t u d i e s o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p i n n o r t h - c e n t r a l M o n t a n a c o n fi r m e d t h e w o r k b y S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r ( 1 9 0 5 ) . B o w e n ( 1 9 1 5 ) s u g g e s t e d a C r e t a c e o u s a g e f o r t h e J R F a n d d e t e r m i n e d i t s s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n b e n e a t h t h e B e a r p a w S h a l e a n d a b o v e t h e C l a g g e t t F o r m a t i o n b a s e d o n l i t h o l o g y a n d f a u n a l i n d i c a t o r s . B o w e n a l s o f o u n d t h a t m a n y O f t h e i n v e r t e b r a t e a n d v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s i n t h e J R F c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h o s e f o u n d i n t h e B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s . C . H . S t e m b e r g ’ s s o n ( C . M . S t e m b e r g ) a l s o c o l l e c t e d m a n y f o s s i l s f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n F o r m a t i o n o f A l b e r t a ( C . M . S t e m b e r g , 1 9 2 6 , 1 9 2 8 , a n d 1 9 4 0 a - b ) . 1 9 4 0 5 - 1 9 8 0 5 R u s s e l l a n d L a n d e s ’ ( 1 9 4 0 ) w o r k o n t h e C a n a d i a n s t r a t i g r a p h y a n d i n v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a P l a i n s r e v i e w e d D o w l i n g ’ s ( 1 9 1 7 ) s t u d y , a n d c o n fi r m e d B o w e n ’ s ( 1 9 1 5 ) w o r k i n t h e U S A . S t o t t ( 1 9 6 3 ) r e i t e r a t e d R u s s e l l a n d L a n d e s ’ ( 1 9 4 0 ) fi n d i n g s . C o b b a n a n d R e e s i d e ( 1 9 5 2 ) c o m p l e t e d b r o a d s w e e p i n g c o r r e l a t i o n s o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s s t r a t a i n t h e w e s t e r n i n t e r i o r o f t h e U S A . i n o r d e r t o d e l i n e a t e a g e b o u n d a r i e s . L e r b e k m o ( 1 9 6 1 ) l o o k e d a t s t r a t i g r a p h i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f t h e M i l k R i v e r F o r m a t i o n a n d t h e B e l l y R i v e r F o r m a t i o n i n s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a , a n d E s t e s ( 1 9 6 4 a n d 1 9 6 9 b - f ) , E s t e s a n d B e r b e r i a n ( 1 9 6 9 a n d 1 9 7 0 ) , E s t e s e t a l . ( 1 9 6 9 ) , a n d S a h n i ( 1 9 7 2 ) w o r k e d o n v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a l a n a l y s e s o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s i n W y o m i n g a n d M o n t a n a . R u s s e l l ( 1 9 6 4 ) s t u d i e d t h e n o n — m a r i n e f a u n a i n C r e t a c e o u s r o c k s o f n o r t h w e s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a ; L a n g s t o n ( 1 9 6 5 ) c o m p i l e d a s u r v e y a n d s t u d i e d t h e h i s t o r y a n d p o n d e r e d t h e p o t e n t i a l f u t u r e o f v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y i n C a n a d a ; F o x ( 1 9 7 2 ) d i s c o v e r e d a n e w g e n u s o f m a m m a l , a n d L a n g s t o n ( 1 9 7 6 ) s u r v e y e d t h e v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a o f A l b e r t a . I n 1 9 7 3 G i l l a n d C o b b a n p u b l i s h e d t h e i r w o r k o n t h e p a l e o g e o g r a p h y O f t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p u t i l i z i n g c o m b i n e d d a t a f r o m s t r a t i g r a p h y , p a l e o n t o l o g y , a n d r a d i o m e t r y . W a l l a n d R o s e n e ( 1 9 7 7 ) s t u d i e d t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s s t r a t i g r a p h y o f t h e s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a F o o t h i l l s , C a s e ’ s s t u d i e s ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) d e a l t w i t h t h e C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a , a n d N e u m a n e t a l . ( 1 9 8 8 ) e x a m i n e d t h e f r e s h w a t e r fi s h e s o f t h e J R F i n A l b e r t a . 1 9 9 0 5 - 2 0 0 0 5 I n m o r e r e c e n t y e a r s E b e r t h e t a l . ( 1 9 9 0 ) s t u d i e d J R F s t r a t i g r a p h y a n d v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y i n S a s k a t c h e w a n i n a d d i t i o n t o p r o p o s i n g n e w g u i d e l i n e s f o r s t a n d a r d i z i n g t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c a l n o m e n c l a t u r e f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n . R o g e r s ( 1 9 9 4 a n d 1 9 9 8 ) a n d R o g e r s a n d E b e r t h ( 1 9 9 6 ) l o o k e d a t t e c t o n i c a n d e u s t a t i c a s p e c t s o f t h e J R F , a s w e l l a s t h e m a r i n e s e q u e n c e s a n d d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s . L a R o c k e t a l . ( 2 0 0 0 a - b ) s t u d i e d t h e t a p h o n o m y o f d i n o s a u r b o n e b e d s O f t h e J R F i n n o r t h e a s t e r n M o n t a n a , a n d B e r g m a n a n d E b e r t h ( 1 9 9 8 ) , c o r r e l a t e d , o n a r e g i o n a l s c a l e , t h e J R F i n A l b e r t a a n d S a s k a t c h e w a n . H a m b l i n ( 1 9 9 5 ) S t u d i e d t h e p l a i n s o f A l b e r t a w i t h a f o c u s o n t h e J u d i t h R i v e r g r o u p . S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 5 ) r e v i s i t e d C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) b y r e v i s i n g s o m e o f h i s w o r k w h e n i n t h e J R F a n d R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l ( 2 0 0 0 ) i n v e s t i g a t e d t h e t a p h o n o m i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f d i s c o n t i n u i t y s u r f a c e s . M a m m a l s t u d i e s o f t h e J R F w e r e c a r r i e d o u t b y C a r r a n o e t a l . ( 1 9 9 5 a n d 1 9 9 7 ) a n d m a m m a l p a l e o e c o l o g y o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r G r o u p i n A l b e r t a w a s s t u d i e d b y S a n k e y e t a l . ( 1 9 9 9 ) . B l o b e t a l . ( 2 0 0 1 ) d i s c o v e r e d a n e w f o s s i l f r o g i n M o n t a n a ; a n d S a n k e y e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) c o m p l e t e d d i v e r s i t y a n d v a r i a t i o n s t u d i e s o n t h e r o p o d a n d b i r d t e e t h f r o m t h e J R F O f A l b e r t a , c o v e r i n g b o t h t h e g e o l o g y a n d p a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e J R F . A l l O f t h e s e s t u d i e s , o v e r t h e p a s t 1 6 0 y e a r s h a v e l e d t o a f r a m e w o r k f o r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f n o r t h e r n G r e a t P l a i n s L a t e C r e t a c e o u s p a l e o e c o l o g y a n d g e o l o g y . T h e c u r r e n t s t u d y w i l l b e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e c o n t e x t o f t h a t f r a m e w o r k . E L A S M O B R A N C H S Y S T E M A T I C P R O B L E M S A N D T O O T H C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S H i s t o r i c a l O b s e r v a t i o n s o f S h a r k T e e t h E l a s m o b r a n c h s a r e p o l y p h y d o n t , p r o d u c i n g a n d s h e d d i n g t e e t h o v e r t h e e n t i r e c o u r s e O f t h e i r l i v e s . O w e n ( 1 8 6 6 ) i s o f t e n c r e d i t e d w i t h t h e fi r s t h y p o t h e s i z e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e m o d e o f t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t i n s h a r k s . T e e t h w e r e t h o u g h t t o b e r e p l a c e d b y , . . . t h e w h o l e p h a l a n x o f t h e i r n u m e r o u s t e e t h i s e v e r m a r c h i n g s l o w l y f o r w a r d s i n r o t a t o r y p r o g r e s s o v e r t h e a l v e o l a r b o r d e r o f t h e j a w , t h e t e e t h b e i n g s u c c e s s i v e l y c a s t O f f a s t h e y r e a c h t h e o u t e r m a r g i n , a n d n e w t e e t h r i s i n g f r o m t h e m u c u o u s m e m b r a n e b e h i n d t h e r e a r r a n k o f t h e p h a l a n x ( O w e n , 1 8 6 6 : 3 8 3 - 3 8 4 ) . H o w e v e r , s i m i l a r , o l d e r a c c o u n t s a r e p r e s e n t i n A n d r e ’ ( 1 7 8 4 ) a n d c i t e d w i t h i n A n d r e ’ i s a n e v e n e a r l i e r w o r k b y G e s n e r ( 1 5 5 8 ) . I t w a s G e s n e r ’ s e a r l y O b s e r v a t i o n s ( 1 5 5 8 ) a n d l a t e r S t e n o ’ s ( 1 6 6 7 ) ( F i g u r e 3 ) o b s e r v a t i o n s o f e x t a n t a n d f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h t h a t i n i t i a l l y d e m o n s t r a t e d t h e i d e n t i t y o f w h a t h a d b e e n t e r m e d “ t o n g u e - s t o n e s ” o r g l o s s o p e t r a e . G l o s s o p e t r a e w e r e a l s o c a l l e d L i n g u a e M e l i t e n s i s o r L i n g u a e S . P a u l i , t h e G e r m a n s u s e d N a t t e m - z u n g e n ( a d d e r ’ s t o n g u e s ) o r S c h l a n g e n z u n g e n ( s e r p e n t ’ s t o n g u e s ) . O t h e r t e r m s i n c l u d e M a l t e s i c h e n a m u l e t t e n a n d I l s i e n S a n P a w l ( Z a m m i t — M a e m p e l , 1 9 7 5 ) . B e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e M i d d l e A g e s , p e o p l e b e l i e v e d t h e f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h o r g l o s s o p e t r a e , w e r e s t o n e s t h a t f e l l f r o m t h e s k y , a n i d e a p r o p o s e d b y e a r l y h i s t o r i a n s a n d n a t u r a l i s t s , o r t h a t t h e y w e r e s p o n t a n e o u s l y g e n e r a t e d f r o m t h e r o c k s i n w h i c h t h e y w e r e e n c a s e d ( Z a m m i t - M a e m p e l , 1 9 7 5 ) . A n o t h e r i d e a w a s t h a t t h e y w e r e t h e t o n g u e s o f s e r p e n t s t h a t w e r e t u r n e d t o s t o n e b y S a i n t P a u l t h e r e b y p o s s e s s i n g m e d i c i n a l p r o p e r t i e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e a b i l i t y t o c o u n t e r a c t p o i s o n s ( p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e M i o c e n e a g e s h a r k ’ s t e e t h f r o m M a l t a ) ( Z a m m i t - M a e m p e l , 1 9 7 5 ) . T h e s e b e l i e f s a n d i d e a s w e r e m o s t p r e v a l e n t b e t w e e n t h e t h i r t e e n t h a n d e i g h t e e n t h c e n t u r i e s ( Z a m m i t - M a e m p e l , 1 9 7 5 ) , o b s e r v a t i o n s b y n a t u r a l i s t s s u c h a s G e s n e r ( 1 5 5 8 ) a n d S t e n o ( 1 6 6 7 ) n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g . E a r l y O b s e r v a t i o n s a n d d i s s e c t i o n s o f e x t a n t s h a r k s l e d S t e n o ( 1 6 6 7 ) t o b e l i e v e t h a t t e e t h f o u n d i n s i d e ( o r w i t h i n ) t h e j a w s w e r e o f l i t t l e o r n o u s e t o t h e a n i m a l . H e a l s o s u r m i s e d t h a t f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h f o u n d i n s e d i m e n t s w e r e n o t g l o s s o p e t r a e b u t w e r e i n s t e a d s h a r k * t e e t h t h a t h a d b e e n a l t e r e d . H o w e v e r , i t w a s d e m o n s t r a t e d i n t h e e a r l i e r w o r k b y G e s n e r ( 1 5 5 8 ) t h a t t h o s e p o s t e r i o r o r “ w i t h i n t h e j a w ” t e e t h d i d h a v e a f u n c t i o n ; a s t h e a n t e r i o r o r f u n c t i o n a l t e e t h w o r e a w a y , b r o k e , o r f e l l o u t t h e p o s t e r i o r t e e t h w o u l d t h e n m o v e f o r w a r d t O fi l l i n t h e s p a c e s v a c a t e d b y t h e p r e v i o u s a n t e r i o r l y p l a c e d t e e t h . T h i s w a s d e m o n s t r a t e d b y A n d r é ( 1 7 8 4 ) w h e n h e O b s e r v e d a s t i n g r a y t a i l s p i n e b i s e c t i n g t e e t h O f a t i g e r s h a r k ( G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r ) . W h i l e n o t n o t e d i n t h e p a p e r , h i s i l l u s t r a t i o n ( F i g u r e 4 ) c l e a r l y s h o w s t h a t t e e t h a r e r e p l a c e d . I n o r d e r f o r t h e t e e t h t o b e b i s e c t e d ( t e e t h l a b e l l e d “ B ” i n t h e i m a g e ) t h e y h a d t o f o r m a r o u n d t h e f o r e i g n b o d y i m p l a n t e d i n t h e t o o t h g e r m , w h i c h i s s e e n i n t h e f u n c t i o n a l t o o t h a n d i n t h e r e p l a c e m e n t t e e t h . A s s h a r k j a w s w o u l d n o t h a v e f o r e i g n b o d i e s i m p l a n t e d i n t h e m a t t h e t i m e o f b i r t h , t h e i n i t i a l t o o t h o r t e e t h w o u l d h a v e b e e n “ n o r m a l ” a s i s s e e n o n e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e b i s e c t e d t o o t h i n t h e i m a g e ( t e e t h l a b e l l e d “ A ” i n t h e i m a g e ) . H o w e v e r , i t s e e m s t h a t t h e s e e a r l y i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w e r e * S t e n o ’ s w o r k ( 1 6 6 7 ) b e c a m e p a r a m o u n t a n d h a d g r e a t r a m i fi c a t i o n s o n t h e s t u d y o f g e o l o g y w h e n h e q u e s t i o n e d t h e f o r m a t i o n o f s o l i d s w i t h i n s o l i d s a n d a l s o l a i d t h e f o u n d a t i o n s f o r t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f s t r a t i g r a p h y . 1 0 l o s t a s O w e n ( 1 8 6 6 ) i s t h e m o s t f r e q u e n t l y c i t e d w o r k a n d s u b s e q u e n t s c h o l a r s s u c h a s C a w s t o n ( 1 9 3 8 , 1 9 3 9 a - b , 1 9 4 0 a - c , l 9 4 1 a - d , 1 9 4 4 , a n d 1 9 4 5 ) w e r e n o t e v e n c o n v i n c e d o f O w e n ’ s p o s t u l a t i o n s . T h i s u n c e r t a i n t y o f t h e t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t w a s t h e s t a t u s q u o f o r a l o n g t i m e u n t i l r e s e a r c h e r s s o u g h t t o v a l i d a t e O w e n ’ s h y p o t h e s i s a n d d e t e r m i n e t h e r a t e o f t o o t h l o s s o r s h e d d i n g r a t e o f s h a r k s . D e s p i t e t h e s t u d i e s ( b e l o w ) , v e r y l i t t l e i s s t i l l k n o w n a b o u t t h e s h e d d i n g r a t e . I t i s p r e s u m e d t h a t t h e c o m p l e t e t e e t h , b o t h f o s s i l a n d m o d e r n , u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y w e r e f u l l y f o r m e d f u n c t i o n a l t e e t h , h a v i n g b e e n p r e s e r v e d p r i o r t o a n y t a p h o n o m i c f a c t o r s i n fl u e n c e s a c t i n g o n t h e m . S h e d d i n g R a t e s o f S h a r k T e e t h V a r i o u s a p p r o a c h e s y i e l d i n g m i x e d r e s u l t s h a v e a t t e m p t e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e r a t e o f s h e d d i n g o f s h a r k t e e t h . B r e d e r ( 1 9 4 2 ) o b s e r v e d t h a t i n C a r c h a r i a s l i t t o r a l i s a l o o s e n e d t o o t h t o o k 2 - 7 d a y s t o d e t a c h , a n d t h a t a s i n g l e t o o t h w a s l o s t a t a t i m e w i t h n o t h i n g t o s u g g e s t t h e s i m u l t a n e o u s l o s s o f a n e n t i r e r o w . T h i s w a s c o n t r a r y t o s t u d i e s b y C a w s t o n ( 1 9 3 8 , 1 9 3 9 a , 1 9 4 0 a - b , 1 9 4 1 a — d , a n d 1 9 4 4 ) w h o i n s i s t e d t h a t t h e t e e t h w e r e n o t r e p l a c e d b u t i n s t e a d g r e w c o n t i n u o u s l y t h r o u g h o u t l i f e . C a w s t o n ’ s s t u d i e s o f t e e t h a n d o f t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t a l s o e x t e n d e d t o o t h e r fi s h a n d r e p t i l e s ( 1 9 3 9 b , 1 9 4 0 c , a n d 1 9 4 5 ) , a n d h e a l s o r e f u t e d t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t i n o t h e r g r o u p s o f a n i m a l s . T o e x p l a i n a n y t o o t h l o s s o b s e r v e d f r o m d e e p - w a t e r fi s h h o u s e d i n a q u a r i a C a w s t o n ( 1 9 4 4 ) c l a i m e d t o o t h l o s s o c c u r r e d b e c a u s e t h e fi s h h a d b e e n m o v e d t o a n a r t i fi c i a l e n v i r o n m e n t , s t r e s s i n g t h e a n i m a l s . C a w s t o n ( 1 9 4 0 a a n d 1 9 4 4 ) s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e r e w o u l d b e o v e r c r o w d i n g o f t h e j a w d u e t o s u c c e s s i v e l y l a r g e r r e p l a c e m e n t t e e t h , t h e r e f o r e , r e p l a c e m e n t w o u l d n o t o c c u r . H o w e v e r , t h a t l a s t a r g u m e n t i s m o o t a s C a w s t o n r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e t e e t h g r e w 1 1 c o n t i n u o u s l y , w h i c h w o u l d a l s o l e a d t o o v e r c r o w d i n g i n t h e j a w , b y h i s r e a s o n i n g . C a w s t o n ( 1 9 3 8 ) a l s o r e j e c t e d A n d r e ’ s ( 1 7 8 4 ) o b s e r v a t i o n s , s a y i n g t h a t t h e b i s e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e t e e t h o f t h e t i g e r s h a r k i s a r e s u l t o f h a v i n g h a d t h e t e e t h i m p a l e d b y t h e s p i n e a n d c r e a t i n g a t e a r a s t h e s h a r k t r i e d t o w r e n c h i t s e l f f r e e . I f f t a n d Z i n n ( 1 9 4 8 ) w e r e a b l e t o o b s e r v e t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t i n s h a r k s a s o r i g i n a l l y h y p o t h e s i z e d b y O w e n i n 1 8 6 6 , i . e . t e e t h m o v i n g f o r w a r d t o t h e o u t e r m a r g i n f r o m t h e b a c k . H o w e v e r , t h e y w e r e n o t a b l e t o d e d u c e t h e n o r m a l r a t e s o f s h e d d i n g a s t h e s h a r k s d i e d p r i o r t o o b t a i n i n g s u f fi c i e n t d a t a . D e s p i t e t h e d e a t h s , I f f t a n d Z i n n w e r e a b l e t o o b t a i n i n i t i a l r a t e s , 1 0 - 1 2 d a y s f o r o n e t o o t h r o w i n t h e s m o o t h d o g fi s h ( M u s t e l u s c a n i s ) , h a v i n g o b s e r v e d t h a t t o o t h b u d s w e r e n e e d e d f o r t o o t h d e v e l o p m e n t a n d r e p l a c e m e n t a n d t h a t t h e y o c c u r r e d b e h i n d t h e e r u p t e d t e e t h a n d n o w h e r e e l s e ( 1 9 4 8 ) . D u r i n g t h e 1 9 6 0 3 t h e s u b j e c t w a s r e v i s i t e d b y S t r a s b u r g ( 1 9 6 3 ) , T e s s m a n ( 1 9 6 6 ) , a n d M o s s ( 1 9 6 7 ) . S t r a s b u r g ’ s s t u d y w a s o f a c o m p a r a t i v e n a t u r e i n w h i c h r e l a t i v e r a t e s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d . T h e fi n d i n g s d e t e r m i n e d t h a t r a t e s w e r e d e p e n d e n t o n t h e s p e c i e s . S t r a s b u r g ( 1 9 6 3 ) d i s c o v e r e d t h a t d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s s h e d t h e i r t e e t h d i f f e r e n t l y , i n c l u d i n g : s i n g l y , a f e w t e e t h a t a t i m e , m o s t o f t h e t e e t h i n a t o o t h r o w , o r w h o l e t o o t h r o w s . A l s o d i s c o v e r e d w e r e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e t o p a n d b o t t o m j a w . T h e s e f a c t o r s w e r e a l s o n o t e d b y P e y e r ( 1 9 6 8 ) , w h o o b s e r v e d t h a t a g e a n d m e t a b o l i c r a t e o f t h e s h a r k s c o u l d a l s o b e c o n t r i b u t i n g f a c t o r s . A l s o o f i n t e r e s t i s t h a t t h e t o o t h a r r a n g e m e n t i n s o m e s p e c i e s m a y p r e v e n t o r b l o c k t h e r e p l a c e m e n t o f o t h e r t e e t h ( S t r a s b u r g , 1 9 6 3 ) . S t r a s b u r g n o t e d fi v e d i f f e r e n t t o o t h a r r a n g e m e n t s i n s h a r k j a w s f r o m h i s 1 9 6 3 s t u d y : 1 ) n o o v e r l a p 1 2 ( i n d e p e n d e n t d e n t i t i o n ) , 2 ) a l t e r n a t e o v e r l a p , 3 ) i m b r i c a t e o v e r l a p , 4 ) m i x e d a l t e r n a t e o v e r l a p , a n d 5 ) m o d i fi e d i m b r i c a t e o v e r l a p , w h i c h o c c u r s w h e n t h e t e e t h o f t h e r i g h t a n d l e f t h a l v e s o f t h e j a w a r e i m b r i c a t e d i n o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n s a n d t h e m e s i a l t o o t h i s i n a n a l t e r n a t e p o s i t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o i t s n e i g h b o r s ( F i g u r e 5 ) . T e s s m a n ( 1 9 6 6 ) e s t i m a t e d t h a t a s i n g l e t i g e r s h a r k c o u l d p r o d u c e 2 4 , 0 0 0 t e e t h i n a 1 0 y e a r p e r i o d . H o w e v e r , t h i s w a s n o t s u b s t a n t i a t e d w i t h o b s e r v a t i o n s o r c i t a t i o n s . M o s s ( 1 9 6 7 ) w a s a b l e t o c o r r o b o r a t e S t r a s b u r g ’ s w o r k , fi n d i n g d i f f e r e n t r e p l a c e m e n t r a t e s i n t h e l o w e r v e r s u s u p p e r j a w o f t h e l e m o n s h a r k ( N e g a p r i o n b r e v i r o s t r i s ) , w i t h a f a s t e r r a t e i n t h e u p p e r j a w ( l t o o t h i n 7 . 8 d a y s ) t h a n t h e l o w e r ( 1 t o o t h i n 8 . 2 d a y s ) . H o w e v e r , t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e s e r a t e s i s s l i g h t a n d m a y n o t b e s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i fi c a n t . M o s s ( 1 9 7 2 ) a l s o s o u g h t t o r e l a t e t h e r e p l a c e m e n t r a t e t o b o d y g r o w t h a n d d e v i s e d , t h r o u g h e m p i r i c a l m e a n s , a f o r m u l a t o e s t i m a t e b o d y g r o w t h r a t e s b a s e d o n t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t m e a s u r e m e n t s . L u e r e t a l . ( 1 9 9 0 ) f o u n d t h a t r e p l a c e m e n t r a t e s w e r e n o t d e p e n d e n t o n b o d y g r o w t h ( d u r i n g t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e i r e x p e r i m e n t ) b u t r a t h e r o n w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e , u t i l i z i n g a t a n k t h a t w a s i n a n o p e n s y s t e m w i t h a m b i e n t s e a w a t e r f r o m t h e G u l f o f M e x i c o s u b j e c t t o s e a s o n a l t e m p e r a t e c h a n g e s . H o w e v e r , i t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t g r o w t h r a t e ( a n d m e t a b o l i c r a t e ) c a n b e i n fl u e n c e d b y t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e r e f o r e d e c l a r i n g t h e r e w a s “ n o c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n g r o w t h r a t e s a n d t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t r a t e s ” l i k e l y i n c o r r e c t . L u e r e t a 1 . ( 1 9 9 0 ) f o u n d t h a t t h e n u r s e s h a r k ( G i n g l y m o s t o m a c i r r a t u m ) p r o d u c e d f a s t e r r e p l a c e m e n t r a t e s a t 9 - 1 2 d a y s f o r a t o o t h r o w i n w a r m w a t e r v e r s u s c o l d w a t e r r a t e s a t 5 1 - 7 0 d a y s f o r a t o o t h r o w . T h e y a l s o n o t e d t h a t t h e r e s e e m e d t o b e n o p a r t i c u l a r o r d e r o f s h e d d i n g . O v e r s t r o m ( 1 9 9 1 ) c a l c u l a t e d r a t e s o f r e p l a c e m e n t a t 0 . 4 8 t e e t h p e r d a y i n c a p t i v e s a n d 1 3 t i g e r s h a r k s ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) b u t t h e w o r k d i d n o t t a k e a g e a n d g r o w t h r a t e i n t o a c c o u n t . P o l y p h y d o n t y P o l y p h y d o n t y , a n d a h i g h p r e s e r v a t i o n p o t e n t i a l , h a s l e d t o a n a b u n d a n c e o f s h a r k t e e t h i n t h e f o s s i l r e c o r d ; i t i s f r e q u e n t l y n o t e d t h a t s h a r k t e e t h a r e t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t b e n t h i c v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l ( M a i s e y , 1 9 8 4 ) . I t s h o u l d a l s o b e n o t e d t h a t b e c a u s e s h e d d i n g r a t e s a r e n o t u n i v e r s a l a n d d e p e n d e n t o n a w h o l e h o s t o f f a c t o r s ( s e a s o n a l i t y , f e e d i n g , t o o t h a r r a n g e m e n t , e t c . ) i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e t o e s t i m a t e s i z e o f p o p u l a t i o n s i n a g i v e n f a u n a . D u e t o t h e i r g r e a t a b u n d a n c e , s h a r k t e e t h h a v e b e e n u s e d a s t h e p r i m a r y b a s i s f o r i d e n t i f y i n g s h a r k s p e c i e s . A l s o u s e d b u t t o a l e s s e r d e g r e e a r e fi n s p i n e s a n d d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . C e n t r a a n d o t h e r p r e s e r v e d c a r t i l a g i n o u s e l e m e n t s , i t e m s w i t h c o m p a r a t i v e l y l o w p r e s e r v a t i o n p o t e n t i a l c a n a l s o b e u s e d . H o w e v e r , d u e t o t h e i r a b u n d a n c e a n d a v a i l a b i l i t y , t e e t h h a v e b e e n t h e m a i n s o u r c e f o r s p e c i e s d e t e r m i n a t i o n d e s p i t e t h e p r o b l e m s t h e y c a n p o s e . W h e n s p e c i e s d e t e r m i n a t i o n s a r e d e p e n d e n t o n t e e t h a l o n e , p r o b l e m s a r i s e d u e t o t h e d i s a s s o c i a t e d t e e t h t h a t c o m p r i s e f r o m t h e f o s s i l r e c o r d . M a n y o f t h e s e p r o b l e m s h a v e a r i s e n d u e t o v a r i o u s f o r m s o f h e t e r o d o n t y ( h o m o d o n t y , t h e c o n d i t i o n o f a l l t h e t e e t h b e i n g o f t h e s a m e s h a p e a n d s i z e , i s a p p r o x i m a t e d b y s o m e s h a r k a n d r a y s p e c i e s ; h o w e v e r , i t i s d o u b t f u l a s t o w h e t h e r a n y s h a r k o r r a y s p e c i e s i s t r u l y h o m o d o n t a c c o r d i n g t o W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h [ 1 9 9 3 ] ) . H e t e r o d o n t y i s p r e s e n t i n V i r t u a l l y e v e r y 1 4 s p e c i e s , a n d m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d , a l o n g w i t h c o n v e r g e n c e , t o o t h t y p e , t o o t h p o s i t i o n , a n d t o o t h p a t h o l o g y , w h e n d e a l i n g w i t h e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h . H e t e r o d o n t y F o u r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f h e t e r o d o n t y e x i s t i n e l a s m o b r a n c h s . M o n o g n a t h i c h e t e r o d o n t y i s c h a n g e i n t o o t h s h a p e r u n n i n g m e s i o d i s t a l l y a l o n g t h e j a w l i n e i n e i t h e r t h e u p p e r o r l o w e r j a w ( F i g u r e 6 ) . D i g n a t h i c h e t e r o d o n t y o c c u r s w h e n t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e u p p e r a n d l o w e r j a w s ( F i g u r e 7 ) . O n t o g e n e t i c h e t e r o d o n t y o c c u r s w h e n t e e t h c h a n g e s h a p e t h r o u g h o u t l i f e a s t h e s h a r k o r r a y g r o w s ( F i g u r e 8 ) . S e x u a l h e t e r o d o n t y , a l t h o u g h r a r e , r e f e r s t o d i f f e r e n t t o o t h s h a p e s i n s i m i l a r p o s i t i o n s i n f e m a l e s v e r s u s m a l e s o f t h e s a m e s p e c i e s ( m o s t o f t e n s e e n i n c e r t a i n g r o u p s o f r a y s a n d l a r g e l y d e p e n d e n t o n d i e t ) ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 a n d P e y e r , 1 9 6 8 ) ( F i g u r e 9 ) . F a i l u r e t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e r o l e o f h e t e r o d o n t y h a s l e d t o p r o b l e m s w i t h “ s p l i t t i n g ” a n d “ l u m p i n g . ” E x c e s s i v e s p l i t t i n g h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t o c r e a t e i n v a l i d s p e c i e s , g i v i n g t h e i m p r e s s i o n t h a t t h e r e w a s m o r e d i v e r s i t y t h a n a c t u a l l y e x i s t e d , w h i l e l u m p i n g m a y c r e a t e a f a l s e p i c t u r e o f l o w s p e c i e s d i v e r s i t y . T h e s e p r o b l e m s h a v e p e r s i s t e d f o r a s l o n g a s s c i e n t i s t s h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b i n g n e w s p e c i e s , a n d h a v e o n l y b e e n s y s t e m a t i c a l l y a d d r e s s e d i n r e c e n t s t u d i e s ( S i v e r s o n , 1 9 9 2 a n d 1 9 9 5 a n d N a y l o r a n d M a r c u s , 1 9 9 4 ) b u t r e m a i n l a r g e l y u n r e s o l v e d . N a y l o r a n d M a r c u s ( 1 9 9 4 ) a d d r e s s e d h e t e r o d o n t y b y s t u d y i n g 5 0 0 j a w s f r o m d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s o f C a r c h a r h i n u s w i t h t h e g o a l o f u s i n g i s o l a t e d t e e t h t o i d e n t i f y c a r c h a r i n i d s h a r k s t o t h e s p e c i e s l e v e l . T h e y f o u n d t h a t t e e t h ( w h e t h e r i s o l a t e d o r s t i l l i n p l a c e ) f r o m c e r t a i n p o s i t i o n s f r o m e i t h e r t h e l o w e r o r u p p e r j a w o f o n e S i d e o f t h e m o u t h a p p e a r e d i d e n t i c a l t o t e e t h f r o m t h e o p p o s i n g 1 5 j a w a n d s i d e . F o r i n s t a n c e , t h e l o w e r l e f t t e e t h a n g l e i n t h e s a m e m a n n e r a s t h e t e e t h f r o m t h e u p p e r r i g h t ( N a y l o r a n d M a r c u s , 1 9 9 4 ) . T h e y a l s o o b s e r v e d t h a t d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s w i t h i n C a r c h a r h i n u s v a r y i n t h e n u m b e r o f t o o t h p o s i t i o n s — t h i s v a r i a t i o n e x i s t s f o r b o t h t h e u p p e r a n d l o w e r j a w s , a n d a l s o i n t h e n u m b e r o f t e e t h c o n t a i n e d i n a t o o t h s e r i e s w i t h i n a s p e c i e s ( N a y l o r a n d M a r c u s , 1 9 9 4 ) . T o o v e r c o m e t h e s e p r o b l e m s a n d i d e n t i f y i s o l a t e d t e e t h t o t h e s p e c i e s l e v e l i n b o t h f o s s i l a n d e x t a n t s p e c i e s , N a y l o r a n d M a r c u s ( 1 9 9 4 ) s y s t e m a t i c a l l y a n d s t a t i s t i c a l l y a n a l y z e d t h e s h a p e o f t h e t e e t h . T h e i r w o r k i s t h e fi r s t a t t e m p t t o d e a l w i t h h e t e r o d o n t y i n s h a r k t e e t h i n a n o n - s u b j e c t i v e m a n n e r . C o n v e r g e n c e C o n v e r g e n c e i s a n o t h e r c h a l l e n g i n g a s p e c t o f s h a r k t a x o n o m y . C o n v e r g e n c e o c c u r s w h e n a s i m i l a r m o r p h o l o g y d e v e l o p s i n d i s t a n t l y r e l a t e d g r o u p s d u e t o a s i m i l a r w a y o f l i f e . A c o m m o n l y c i t e d e x a m p l e i s t h e s i m i l a r i t y o f t h e e x t e r n a l s h a p e o f s h a r k s , d o l p h i n s , a n d i c h t h y o s a u r s . T h e s a m e p h e n o m e n o n o c c u r s i n C h o n d r i c h t h y a n t e e t h . C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 7 4 ) s u g g e s t e d , f o r e x a m p l e , t h a t t h e r e m i g h t b e c o n v e r g e n c e i n s c l e r o r h y n c h i d t e e t h , c r e a t i n g d i f fi c u l t i e s i n i d e n t i f y i n g i s o l a t e d t e e t h t o s p e c i e s . H i s o b s e r v a t i o n w a s s t a t e d w i t h o u t t h e s u p p o r t o f a p h y l o g e n e t i c a n a l y s i s , b u t i t d o e s i l l u s t r a t e t h e p o t e n t i a l p r o b l e m o f c o n v e r g e n c e i n e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h . T o o t h T y p e S i x p r i m a r y t o o t h t y p e s o c c u r i n c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s a c c o r d i n g t o C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 8 7 ) : 1 ) c l u t c h i n g ( t y p i c a l l y e x h i b i t e d b y O r e c t o l o b i f o r m e s ) , 2 ) t e a r i n g ( d i s p l a y e d b y 1 6 H y b o d o n t i d a e a n d O d o n t a s p i d i d a e ) , 3 ) c u t t i n g w h i c h h a s t w o s u b - t y p e s ( c u t t i n g s e n s u s t r i c t o , s e e n i n S q u a l i c o m x a n d o t h e r l a m n i d s a n d c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s e e n i n t h e L a m n i d a e , C a r c h a r h i n i d a e , a n d H e m i g a l e i d a e ) , 4 ) c r u s h i n g ( R a j i f o r m e s a n d D a s y a t i d a e ) , 5 ) g r i n d i n g ( f o u n d i n M y l i o b a t i d s ) , a n d 6 ) c l u t c h i n g - g r i n d i n g ( o n l y s e e n i n h e t e r o d o n t i d s ) . C l u t c h i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n u s u a l l y c o n s i s t s o f s m a l l t e e t h w i t h l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s t h a t h e l p h o l d p r e y ( F i g u r e 1 0 ) . T h e s e t e e t h t e n d t o b e f r o m s m a l l s h a r k s t h a t t y p i c a l l y l i v e n e a r o r a t t h e b o t t o m . N a r r o w c u s p s w i t h l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s t y p i f y t h e t e a r i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n , w i t h t r e n d s t o w a r d s t h e c u t t i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n s e e n i n t h e e n l a r g e m e n t o f t h e l a t e r a l t e e t h ( F i g u r e 1 1 ) ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e c u t t i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n d i s p l a y s m o n o g n a t h i c a n d d i g n a t h i c h e t e r o d o n t y i n o v e r a l l m o r p h o l o g y w i t h o n e f u n c t i o n a l r o w o f u s u a l l y s e r r a t e d t e e t h t h a t a r e l a b i o - l i n g u a l l y fl a t t e n e d ( F i g u r e s 1 2 a - b ) . C u t t i n g — c l u t c h i n g s h o w s s t r o n g d i g n a t h i c h e t e r o d o n t y w i t h t e e t h b e c o m i n g w i d e r a n d fl a t t e r i n t h e l a b i o - l i n g u a l d i r e c t i o n w h i l e r e t a i n i n g a h i g h a n d n a r r o w c u s p i n t h e a n t e r i o r a n d a n t e r o l a t e r a l fi l e s ( F i g u r e s 1 3 a - c ) ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . C r u s h i n g t y p e d e n t i t i o n i s u s u a l l y s e e n i n b e n t h i c f o r m s , w i t h n a r r o w l y i m b r i c a t e d t e e t h i n m a n y f u n c t i o n a l r o w s a n d fi l e s ( F i g u r e 1 4 ) . A l s o s e e n i n b e n t h i c t a x a i s t h e g r i n d i n g t y p e d e n t i t i o n , i n w h i c h t e e t h a r e i n m u l t i p l e r o w s ( i n e a r l y f o r m s , l a t e r f o r m s s h o w r e d u c t i o n i n t h e n u m b e r o f r o w s ) , n a r r o w l y i m b r i c a t e d , w i t h h i g h p o l y g o n a l c r o w n s ( F i g u r e 1 5 ) . T h e s i x t h t y p e , c l u t c h i n g - g r i n d i n g , h a s c u s p i d a t e a n t e r i o r t e e t h t h a t i n c l u d e l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s f o r c l u t c h i n g w h i l e t h e l a t e r a l t e e t h a r e fl a t a n d w i d e f o r g r i n d i n g ( F i g u r e 1 6 ) ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 1 7 T h e W o o d h a w k ( W H ) a n d P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y ( P P F ) f a u n a s e x h i b i t fi v e o f t h e s i x d e n t i t i o n t y p e s ( t h e e x c e p t i o n c l u t c h i n g - g r i n d i n g t y p e ) . B r o k e n d o w n b y c a t e g o r y , t o o t h t y p e s r e p r e s e n t e d i n c l u d e , t h e O r e c t o l o b i f o r m e s d i s p l a y i n g t h e c l u t c h i n g t y p e , t e a r i n g t y p e s e e n i n t h e O d o n t a s p i d i d a e , c u t t i n g t y p e i n t h e A n a c o r a c i d a e , c r u s h i n g t y p e i n t h e R h i n o b a t i d a e a n d D a s y a t i d a e , a n d g r i n d i n g t y p e i n t h e H y p s o b a t i d a e , a n d C a l l o r h y n c h i d a e ( a f a m i l y i n t h e c h i m a e r i d s ) . T o o t h P o s i t i o n A p p l e g a t e ( 1 9 6 5 ) n o r m a l i z e d t h e t e r m i n o l o g y u s e d t o d e s c r i b e t h e p o s i t i o n o f s h a r k t e e t h . H i s s y s t e m i s u s e d t o d a y , f o r i n s t a n c e i n S h i m a d a ’ s ( 2 0 0 7 ) C r e t a l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . A p p l e g a t e ( 1 9 6 5 ) b u i l t o n p r e v i o u s w o r k b y L e r i c h e ( 1 9 0 5 , 1 9 1 0 , a n d 1 9 2 6 ) a n d W h i t e ( 1 9 3 1 ) w h o i n t r o d u c e d t e r m s t o d e s i g n a t e t o o t h p o s i t i o n s . T h e y w e r e l i t t l e u s e d u n t i l A p p l e g a t e ( 1 9 6 5 ) r e i n t r o d u c e d t h e m i n o r d e r t o s t a n d a r d i z e t h e v o c a b u l a r y i n t h e s c i e n t i fi c c o m m u n i t y . T h e t e r m s t h a t L e r i c h e ( 1 9 0 5 ) c o i n e d a n d t h a t a r e n o w w i d e l y u s e d a r e : s y m p h y s a i r e s ( s y m p h y s e a l s ) , a n t é r i e u r e s ( a n t e r i o r s ) , i n t e r r n e ’ d i a i r e s ( i n t e r m e d i a t e s ) , a n d l a t é r a l e s ( l a t e r a l s ) ( F i g u r e 1 7 ) . A n a d d i t i o n a l t e r m n o w w i d e l y u s e d i s p o s t e r i o r , w h i c h w a s i n t r o d u c e d b y A p p l e g a t e ( 1 9 6 5 ) , t o b e u s e d i n p l a c e o f “ p o s t e r i o r s o f t h e l a t e r a l s e r i e s ” o r “ p o s t e r i o r l a t e r a l t e e t h ” a s u s e d b y W h i t e ( 1 9 3 1 ) . T o o t h C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s E l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h c o n s i s t o f a n e n a m e l o i d c o v e r e d c r o w n a n d t h e r o o t . I n s h a r k s t h e c r o w n u s u a l l y f o r m s a s h a r p p o i n t c a l l e d t h e c u s p w i t h t h e v e r y t i p c a l l e d t h e a p e x . T h e 1 8 l a b i a l a n d l i n g u a l f a c e s o f t h e c u s p m e e t t o p r o d u c e t h e s h a r p c u t t i n g e d g e s . T h e e n a m e l o i d o n e i t h e r s i d e c a n b e s m o o t h o r f o l d e d , s o m e t i m e s c r e a t i n g p l i c a t i o n s o r v e r t i c a l r i d g e s . O n e o r m o r e p a i r s o f l a t e r a l l y p o s i t i o n e d c u s p l e t s ( o r d e n t i c l e s ) m a y b e p r e s e n t o n e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e m a i n c e n t r a l c u s p . C u s p l e t s t e n d t o b e l e s s d e v e l o p e d a n d s m a l l e r t h a n t h e m a i n c u s p . T h e r o o t m a y b e fl a t a n d m a s s i v e w h e n V i e w e d b a s a l l y ( t y p i c a l o f O r e c t o l o b i f o r m e s ) o r i t m a y h a v e l o n g w e l l - s e p a r a t e d l o b e s ( b i l o b e d ) w i t h a l i n g u a l p r o t u b e r a n c e a n d a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e c e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d o n t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e ( t y p i c a l o f e . g . , t h e O d o n t a s p i d i d a e ) ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e c r o w n - r o o t b o u n d a r y i s u s u a l l y m a r k e d o n t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e b y a n a r r o w g r o o v e l a c k i n g e n a m e l o i d c a l l e d t h e n e c k o r l i n g u a l f u r r o w ( F i g u r e 1 8 f o r a d e p i c t i o n o f s t a n d a r d t o o t h a n a t o m i c a l f e a t u r e s ) . B a t o i d ( r a y a n d s k a t e ) t e e t h d i f f e r f r o m o t h e r e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h i n p o s s e s s i n g a l a r g e l y c r u s h i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n . I n g e n e r a l t h e g l o b u l a r c r o w n s o f r a y t e e t h l a c k c u s p s ( i n T o r p e d i n i f o r r n e s a n d m a l e s o f t h e R a j i f o r m e s a n d D a s y a t o i d e a c u s p s a r e p r e s e n t o n t h e c r o w n s ) b u t i n s t e a d b e a r a h i g h c r e s t ( t r a n s v e r s e c r e s t ) o n t h e o c c l u s a l s u r f a c e o f t h e c r o w n t h a t s e p a r a t e s t h e l i n g u a l f a c e f r o m t h e l a b i a l f a c e ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e e n a m e l o i d c a n b e e i t h e r s m o o t h o r f o l d e d . D i s t i n c t i o n s c a n b e m a d e b e t w e e n l i n g u a l a n d l a b i a l s i d e s , e . g . t h e l a b i a l f a c e i s t y p i c a l l y m o r e c o n v e x i n s h a p e a n d u s u a l l y c o n t a i n s f o r a m i n a t h a t t h e l i n g u a l f a c e u s u a l l y l a c k s . T h e l i n g u a l f a c e o f t h e c r o w n m a y a l s o h a v e o v e r l a p p i n g p r o t r u s i o n s c a l l e d u v u l a e a n d a r e n a m e d t o i n d i c a t e t h e i r l o c a t i o n o n t h e l i n g u a l f a c e . T h e r o o t m a y b e b i l o b e d , s e p a r a t e d b y t h e n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ; i n s o m e t a x a , m u l t i p l e g r o o v e s a r e p r e s e n t . T h e c r o w n s o f r h i n o b a t o i d t e e t h a r e s i m p l e r a n d r a t h e r l 9 s m o o t h , w i t h p o s s i b l e c r e n u l a t i o n s o n t h e l i n g u a l f a c e ( F i g u r e 1 9 f o r d e p i c t i o n o f b a t o i d t o o t h a n a t o m y ) . R o o t T y p e s T h e r o o t c a n h a v e o n e o f f o u r d i f f e r e n t r o o t t y p e s a s o r i g i n a l l y l a i d o u t b y C a s i e r ( 1 9 4 7 a - c ) , w h o m a d e d i s t i n c t i o n s b a s e d o n t h e p l a c e m e n t o f t h e f o r a m i n a a n d t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e . T h e f o u r b a s i c r o o t t y p e s a r e : a n a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h e m i a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , a n d p o l y a u l a c o r h i z o u s ( F i g u r e 2 0 ) . A n a u l a c o r h i z o u s r o o t s a r e s e e n i n p r i m i t i v e e l a s m o b r a n c h s s u c h a s h y b o d o n t o i d s a n d h e x a n c h o i d s . T h e s e r o o t s t e n d t o b e fl a t t e n e d a n d t a b u l a r , l a c k n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e s , a n d a r e v e r y p o r o u s . H e m i a u l a c o r h i z o u s r o o t s a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y a b r o a d t r i a n g u l a r s h a p e i n b a s a l V i e w , w i t h a l a r g e c e n t r a l f o r a r n e n s e t i n a s h a l l o w t o d e e p d e p r e s s i o n . T h e s e r o o t s fi r s t a p p e a r e d i n t h e J u r a s s i c a n d a r e f o u n d i n h e t e r o d o n t i d s , s o m e o r e c t o l o b i f o r m s , a n d s q u a t i n i d s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . H o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s r o o t s h a v e a c o n t i n u o u s w e l l - d e v e l o p e d n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e t h a t l i e s b e t w e e n m e s i a l a n d d i s t a l r o o t l o b e s . T h i s r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s s e e n i n L a r n n i f o r m e s , C a r c h a r h i n i f o r m e s , a n d n e a r l y a l l b a t o i d s ( o t h e r t h a n s o m e M y l i o b a t i f o r m e s ) a n d i s t h e p r e d o m i n a n t r o o t t y p e f o u n d i n t h e f a u n a s s t u d i e d h e r e i n . P o l y a u l a c o r h i z o u s r o o t s a r e f o u n d o n c e r t a i n d e r i v e d b a t o i d t e e t h t h a t a r e m e s o d i s t a l l y e x p a n d e d a n d h a v e m a n y l a b i o l i n g u a l l y - o r i e n t e d n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e s . T h e r o o t t a k e s o n a c o m b - l i k e a p p e a r a n c e a n d h a s m a n y f o r a m i n a t h a t p i e r c e e a c h g r o o v e a n d t h e l a b i a l a n d l i n g u a l r o o t f a c e s . T h i s s t r u c t u r e i s f o u n d o n s o m e o f t h e m o r e d e r i v e d M y l i o b a t i f o r m e s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 2 0 T o o t h H i s t o l o g y E l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h a r e c o m p o s e d o f fl u o r a p a t i t e C a 5 ( P O 4 ) 3 F i n t w o c a l c i fi e d f o r m s , d e n t i n e a n d e n a m e l o i d . T h e d e n t i n e s u r r o u n d s t h e p u l p c a v i t y a n d t h e e n a m e l o i d ( a n a l o g o u s t o m a m m a l i a n e n a m e l ) c o a t s t h e o u t e r s u r f a c e o f t h e c r o w n ( H a l s t e a d , 1 9 7 4 ) . T h e r e a r e t w o t y p e s o f g e n e r a l i z e d d e n t i n e r e c o g n i z e d - - - t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e ( R O s e , 1 8 9 7 ) ( o r o s t e o d e n t i n e O r v i g [ 1 9 5 1 ] ) , a n d o r t h o d e n t i n e ( P e y e r , 1 9 6 8 ) . E l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h h a v e b e e n g r o u p e d i n t o t w o d i s t i n c t h i s t o l o g i c t o o t h t y p e s , o s t e o d o n t a n d o r t h o d o n t ( F i g u r e 2 1 ) . O s t e o d o n t t e e t h h a v e t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e fi l l i n g t h e c o r e o f t h e c r o w n ( n o l a r g e p u l p c a v i t y ) s u r r o u n d e d b y o r t h o d e n t i n e a n d c o v e r e d b y a t h i n l a y e r o f e n a m e l o i d . O r t h o d o n t t e e t h h a v e a c r o w n w i t h a n e n l a r g e d p u l p c a v i t y s u r r o u n d e d b y a t h i c k t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e l a y e r a n d a n i n t e r m e d i a t e t h i n , o r t h o d e n t i n e l a y e r a n d o u t e r s u p e r fi c i a l e n a m e l o i d s h e a t h ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . E l a s m o b r a n c h s w i t h o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y i n c l u d e ( m o s t ) H y b o d o n t o i d e a , H e x a n c h i f o r m e s , L a m n i f o r m e s , a n d M y l i o b a t i f o r r n e s . O r t h o d o n t h i s t o l o g y i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e S q u a n t i n i f o r r n e s , ( m o s t ) O r e c t o l o b i f o r m e s , S q u a l i f o r r n e s , H e t e r o d o n t i f o r m e s , C a r c h a r i n i f o r m e s , a n d ( m o s t ) R a j i f o r r n e s ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . H o l o c e p h a l i a n s H o l o c e p h a l i a n s d i f f e r f r o m o t h e r c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s i n t h a t t h e y h a v e t o o t h p l a t e s . T h e y a r e c o m p o s e d o f a c r o w n a n d r o o t l i k e s h a r k t e e t h h o w e v e r t h e y a r e d i f f e r e n t i n f o r m a n d s t r u c t u r e f r o m t h e m o r e t y p i c a l c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s . T h e t o o t h p l a t e s g r o w s l o w l y , a n d a r e n o t r e p l a c e d ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) . P r e v i o u s s t u d i e s ( B i g e l o w a n d S c h r o e d e r , 1 9 5 3 a n d P e y e r , 1 9 6 8 ) i n c o r r e c t l y s h o w e d t h a t t h e r e w e r e o n l y o n e o r t w o p a i r s o f u p p e r t o o t h p l a t e s - - a 2 1 s m a l l e r a n t e r i o r p l a t e ( t h e p a l a t i n e ) a n d a l a r g e r p o s t e r i o r p l a t e ( t h e v o m e r i n e ) - - a n d a p a i r o f l o w e r m a n d i b u l a r p l a t e s . T h e r e a r e u s u a l l y t w o o r t h r e e p a i r s o f u p p e r t o o t h p l a t e s - - a s m a l l e r a n t e r i o r p l a t e ( t h e p a l a t i n e ) a n d a l a r g e r p o s t e r i o r p l a t e ( t h e v o m e r i n e ) - - w h i c h a r e o p p o s e d b y o n e , t w o o r t h r e e p a i r s o f l o w e r m a n d i b u l a r p l a t e s ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) ( F i g u r e s 2 2 a - c ) . T h e s e p l a t e s a r e c o m p l e x , b u t a h o l o c e p h a l i a n t o o t h p l a t e i n c l u d e s a l a m e l l a r t i s s u e b a s e ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) o n t o p o f w h i c h s i t s a w i d e m e s h e d s y s t e m o f t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e t h a t c o n t a i n s i n t e r s p e r s e d o d o n t o b l a s t b a l l c h a i n s ( s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d c o s m i n e r o d s ) ( P e y e r , 1 9 6 8 ) , r e c e n t l y d e s c r i b e d a s o r t h o t r a b e c u l i n e ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) , a n d v a s c u l a r c h a n n e l s . T h e v a s c u l a r c h a n n e l s c o n t i n u e t o t h e o c c l u s a l s u r f a c e a n d c r e a t e a p u n c t u a t e p a t t e r n i n t h e e n a m e l ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) . T h e t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e i s c o v e r e d b y a p r o t e c t i v e c o a t i n g o f v i t r o d e n t i n e o r e n a m e l ( P e y e r , 1 9 6 8 a n d S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) ( F i g u r e 2 2 d ) . 2 2 G E O L O G I C S E T T I N G A N D L O C A L I T I E S M o n t a n a G r o u p B o w e n ’ s ( 1 9 1 5 ) w o r k o n t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p i s t h e m o s t f r e q u e n t l y c i t e d s t u d y . T h e f o l l o w i n g b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p a n d i t s f o r m a t i o n s l a r g e l y d r a w s o n B o w e n ’ s w o r k e x c e p t w h e r e m o r e r e c e n t r e s e a r c h a n d r e v i s i o n s h a v e b e e n m a d e , i n t h o s e c a s e s , t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e f e r e n c e s h a v e b e e n u t i l i z e d a n d c i t e d i n a d d i t i o n t o B o w e n ( 1 9 1 5 ) . T h e M o n t a n a G r o u p , a t e r m fi r s t p r o p o s e d b y E l d r i d g e ( 1 8 8 9 ) , i s c o m p o s e d o f t h e E a g l e , C l a g g e t t , J u d i t h R i v e r , a n d B e a r p a w f o r m a t i o n s ( S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) , w h i c h s i t s c o n f o r r n a b l y a t o p t h e b l a c k l a m i n a t e d C o l o r a d o S h a l e . E a g l e F o r m a t i o n T h e E a g l e F o r m a t i o n ( o r i g i n a l l y d e s i g n a t e d a s t h e E a g l e S a n d s t o n e b y W e e d , 1 8 9 9 ) i s m a r i n e t o b r a c k i s h w a t e r i n o r i g i n ( H e a m e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ; G i l l a n d C o b b a n , 1 9 7 3 ; a n d R o g e r s , 1 9 9 4 ) a n d i s d i v i d e d i n t o a l o w e r a n d a n u p p e r u n i t . L o w e r - T h e l o w e r m e m b e r o f t h e E a g l e F o r m a t i o n i s t h e V i r g e l l e S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r ( B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 ) , a m a s s i v e t o h e a v y b e d d e d s a n d s t o n e t h a t i s l a r g e l y u n f o s s i l i f e r o u s ( S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . I t c o n s i s t s o f h i g h a n g l e p l a n a r c r o s s - b e d d i n g , a n d i n t h e n o r t h e r n e x p o s u r e s t h e c o l o r a t i o n i s w h i t e w i t h r u s t y c o l o r e d c o n c r e t i o n s . S o u t h e r n e x p o s u r e s s h o w a g r a y t o l i g h t b r o w n c o l o r w i t h l e d g e s o r h o g b a c k r i d g e s ( S t e m b e r g , 1 9 1 4 a n d B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 ) . U p p e r - N o r t h e r n e x p o s u r e s h a v e t h i n - b e d d e d s a n d s t o n e s w i t h i n t e r b e d d e d s h a l e s , a n d t h e m i d d l e m e m b e r i s a d a r k c o l o r e d s h a l e w i t h a f e w t h i n b e d s o f c a r b o n a c e o u s 2 3 s h a l e , c o a l , a n d s a n d s t o n e . I n s o u t h e r n a r e a s t h e m i d d l e m e m b e r h a s t h i n b e d d e d s h a l y s a n d s t o n e s a n d l a c k s c o a l a n d c a r b o n a c e o u s b e d s ( B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 a n d H e a m e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ) . C l a g g e t t F o r m a t i o n T h e C l a g g e t t F o r m a t i o n ( n a m e d b y S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r , 1 9 0 5 ) i s a l s o d i v i d e d i n t o a l o w e r a n d a n u p p e r u n i t , w h i c h l i e c o n f o r r n a b l y o n t o p o f t h e E a g l e F o r m a t i o n . L o w e r - L a r g e l y a d a r k m a r i n e s h a l e w i t h m a n y o f t h e s a m e i n v e r t e b r a t e s p e c i e s a s t h e B e a r p a w F o r m a t i o n . E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e : B a c u l i t e s o v a l t u s , B . c o m p r e s s u s , G e r v i l l i a b o r e a l i s , I n o c e r a m u s b a r a b i m ' , a n d L e d a e v a n s i ( w h i c h a r e a l s o c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e P i e r r e S h a l e ) ( B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 a n d S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . T h e P i e r r e S h a l e i s m a r i n e i n o r i g i n ; i t i s a t h i c k , f o s s i l i f e r o u s s h a l e t h a t e x t e n d s f r o m N o r t h D a k o t a t o N e w M e x i c o ( M e e k a n d H a y d e n , 1 8 6 2 ) . U p p e r - R e s e m b l e s t h e J R F i n s o m e p l a c e s w i t h a l t e r n a t i n g s a n d s t o n e a n d s h a l e b e d s t h a t t r e n d t o w a r d s s a n d s t o n e a t t h e t o p ( t h e u n i t m a y n a t u r a l l y b e l o n g t o t h e J R F i n s t e a d o f t h e C l a g g e t t F o r m a t i o n d u e t o t h e c h a n g e i n l i t h o l o g y a n d f o s s i l f a u n a ) ( B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 ) . M a r i n e f o s s i l s a r e n u m e r o u s ( T a n c r e d i a a m e r i c a n a , C a r d i u m s p e c i o s u m , M a c t r a f o r m o s a , a n d M . a l t a ) , m a n y o f w h i c h a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e F o x H i l l s s a n d s t o n e ( H e a m e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ; S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ; a n d G i l l a n d C o b b a n , 1 9 7 3 ) . J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n T h e J R F i s m o s t l y n o n m a r i n e w i t h a b r a c k i s h t o f r e s h w a t e r o r i g i n , h a v i n g a c c u m u l a t e d d u r i n g t h e r e g r e s s i o n o f t h e C l a g g e t t S e a a n d t h e t r a n s g r e s s i o n o f t h e B e a r p a w S e a ( H e a m e t a l . ; 1 9 6 4 ; S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ; a n d R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) . I t c o n s i s t s o f 2 4 a l t e r n a t i n g b e d s o f s a n d s t o n e ( fi n e - t o - m e d i u m - g r a i n e d ) , c l a y ( s i l t y c l a y s a n d s i l t s t o n e s ) ( B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 ) , s h a l e , a n d c a l c a r e o u s u n i t s t h a t i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h t h e f o s s i l s f o u n d ( b e l o w ) a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f e s t u a r i n e d e p o s i t s ( H a y d e n , 1 8 6 0 ) . A l o n g t h e t o p o f t h e u n i t i n s o m e p l a c e s c o a l s e a m s a r e p r e s e n t a n d t h e o v e r l y i n g m e m b e r s a r e m a r l a n d b r e c c i a ( H e a m e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ) . I t c o n t a i n s l a r g e n u m b e r s o f t h e m a r i n e / b r a c k i s h w a t e r h a b i t i n g o y s t e r O s t r e a , b o n e s o f v e r t e b r a t e s , s h a r k t e e t h , s i l i c i fi e d w o o d , a n d l e a f a n d s t e m f r a g m e n t s , w h i c h a r e f o u n d i n v e r t e b r a t e l a g d e p o s i t s i n t h e d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s i n t h e f o r m a t i o n ( R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) . B e a r p a w F o r m a t i o n T h e B e a r p a w F o r m a t i o n ( n a m e d b y S t a n t o n a n d H a t c h e r , 1 9 0 5 ) i s v e r y s i m i l a r t o t h e C l a g g e t t F o r m a t i o n i n l i t h o l o g y a n d t h e t y p e s o f f o s s i l s f o u n d ( S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . I t i s a d a r k g r e e n t o b l a c k m a r i n e s h a l e w i t h c a l c a r e o u s c o n c r e t i o n s , a n d a l s o c o n t a i n s p o r t i o n s o f d o m i n a n t l y fi s s i l e b e n t o n i t i c s h a l e ( H e a m e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ) . I t c o n t a i n s m a n y i n v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s t h a t a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e P i e r r e S h a l e ( B a c u l i t e s o v a l t u s , B . c o m p r e s s u s , S c a p h i t e s n o d o s u s , a n d I n o c e r a m u s b a r a b i n i ) ( S t e m b e r g , 1 9 1 4 a n d B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 ) . R e g i o n a l C o r r e l a t i o n s F i g u r e 2 3 s h o w s a s i m p l i fi e d s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n o f M o n t a n a a n d c o r r e l a t i v e f o r m a t i o n s i n s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a . T h e E a g l e F o r m a t i o n ( U p p e r E a g l e F o r m a t i o n ) o f M o n t a n a g r a d e s i n t o a n d c o r r e l a t e s w i t h t h e U p p e r M i l k R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( o r M i l k R i v e r G r o u p ) i n t h e M i l k R i v e r a r e a ( e a s t 2 5 o f G l a c i e r N a t i o n a l P a r k ) ( J o h n s o n a n d S t o r e r , 1 9 7 4 a n d S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . T h e M i l k R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( n a m e d b y D o w l i n g [ 1 9 1 7 ] f o r i t s l o c a t i o n o n t h e M i l k R i v e r ) i s a n o n m a r i n e d e p o s i t o f l i g h t c o l o r e d s h a l e s a n d s a n d s t o n e s w i t h s o m e d a r k g r a y a r g i l l a c e o u s s a n d s t o n e , s a n d y c l a y , a n d s a n d s t o n e ( D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 7 a n d J o h n s o n a n d S t o r e r , 1 9 7 4 ) . T h e C l a g g e t t F o r m a t i o n ( n a m e d b y D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 5 ) i s e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e P a k o w k i F o r m a t i o n ( M i l k R i v e r a r e a ) i n A l b e r t a , s i m i l a r b o t h l i t h o l o g i c a l l y a n d f a u n i s t i c a l l y ( S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . T h e C l a g g e t t i s m a r i n e i n o r i g i n w i t h a s e q u e n c e o f d a r k g r a y t o d a r k b r o w n s h a l e s , g r a y t o b r o w n t o g r a y - g r e e n s a n d s t o n e s , a n d c h e r t p e b b l e s a t t h e b a s e ( D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 7 a n d J o h n s o n a n d S t o r e r , 1 9 7 4 ) . T h e l o w e r u n i t o f t h e J R F c o r r e l a t e s w i t h t h e F o r e m o s t F o r m a t i o n i n t h e M e d i c i n e H a t a r e a ( D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 5 ) . I t i s n o n m a r i n e , a m i x t u r e o f s h a l e , c a r b o n a c e o u s s h a l e , s i l t s t o n e , s a n d s t o n e , a n d s o m e i r o n s t o n e a n d c o a l ( D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 7 , S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 , a n d H a m b l i n , 1 9 9 5 ) . T h e u p p e r u n i t h a s b e e n c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e O l d m a n F o r m a t i o n ( n a m e d b y R u s s e l l a n d L a n d e s , 1 9 4 0 ) i n t h e M e d i c i n e H a t a n d D i n o s a u r P r o v i n c i a l P a r k a r e a s . T h i s f o r m a t i o n i s a l s o n o n m a r i n e a n d c o n s i s t s o f b e n t o n i t i c s h a l e , c a r b o n a c e o u s s h a l e , s i l t s t o n e s , a n d s o m e l i m e s t o n e b e d s ( D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 7 ; S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ; J o h n s o n a n d S t o r e r , 1 9 7 4 ; a n d E b e r t h e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 ) . T h e B e a r p a w F o r m a t i o n c o n t i n u e s i n t o A l b e r t a a n d i s a d a r k b r o w n s a n d y s h a l e t o d a r k g r a y s h a l e , a n d a r g i l l a c e o u s s a n d s t o n e w i t h s o m e b e n t o n i t e s ( D o w l i n g , 1 9 1 7 ; J o h n s o n a n d S t o r e r , 1 9 7 4 ; a n d E b e r t h e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 ) . 2 6 J R F T y p e L o c a l i t y a n d N o m e n c l a t u r a l P r o b l e m s T h e J R F w a s n a m e d t h e J u d i t h R i v e r G r o u p b y H a y d e n ( 1 8 7 1 ) h o w e v e r , t h e t y p e l o c a l i t y w a s n o t d e s i g n a t e d b y H a y d e n ( B o w e n , 1 9 1 5 ) . I n s t e a d t h e l o c a l i t y w a s c h o s e n b y B o w e n ( 1 9 1 5 ) b a s e d o n H a y d e n ’ s d e s c r i p t i o n s i n 1 8 6 0 , N e a r t h e m o u t h o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r , n o t f a r f r o m t h e s o u r c e s o f t h e M i s s o u r i , i n l a t i t u d e 4 7 1 / 2 ° , l o n g i t u d e 1 0 9 l / 2 ° , i s a w i l d , d e s o l a t e , a n d r u g g e d r e g i o n , w h i c h I c a l l e d t h e ‘ B a d l a n d s o f t h e J u d i t h ’ ( H a y d e n , 1 8 6 0 : 1 2 3 ) . I n a d d i t i o n t o p r o b l e m s w i t h d e f i n i n g t h e t y p e l o c a l i t y , t h e r e h a v e b e e n p r o b l e m s w i t h p r o p e r n o m e n c l a t u r e f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n a n d i t s i n c l u d e d m e m b e r s , e s p e c i a l l y a c r o s s i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s . O r i g i n a l l y n a m e d t h e J u d i t h G r o u p ( H a y d e n , 1 8 6 0 ) , i t h a s a l s o b e e n r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e J u d i t h R i v e r g r o u p , t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s a n d t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n . P r o b l e m s s t i l l e x i s t e d i n t o t h e m i d - 1 9 0 0 s i n C a n a d a , u n t i l R u s s e l l a n d L a n d e s ( 1 9 4 0 ) a d d r e s s e d t h e p r o b l e m b y t r y i n g t o i n s t i t u t e a u n i f o r m t e r m i n o l o g y b y r e f e r r i n g b a c k t o D o w l i n g ’ s ( 1 9 1 7 ) w o r k t h a t t h e y i n t e r p r e t e d t o b e c o r r e c t . D o w l i n g r e d e fi n e d t h e s t r a t i g r a p h y o f t h e B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s o r i g i n a l l y l a i d o u t b y D a w s o n ( 1 8 8 4 a ) b y t e a s i n g o u t d i f f e r e n t i a t e d b e d s , i n d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r t h e P a l e b e d s ( l a t e r t o b e c o m e t h e O l d m a n F o r m a t i o n ) , F o r e m o s t , P a k o w k i , a n d M i l k f o r m a t i o n s . M o r e r e c e n t l y E b e r t h e t a l . ( 1 9 9 0 ) , s t a n d a r d i z e d t h e t e r m s w i t h i n C a n a d a a n d a c r o s s t h e b o r d e r . J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( J R F ) T h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ( a l s o f o u n d e x t e n s i v e l y i n A l b e r t a a s p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d a n d i n S a s k a t c h e w a n ) i s U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ( C a m p a n i a n ) i n a g e . I t i s m o s t l y n o n m a r i n e , w i t h 2 7 d o m i n a n t l y fl u v i a l f a c i e s w i t h l o c a l t i d a l i n fl u e n c e s a n d p r i m a r i l y c o m p o s e d o f s i l t y c l a y s , s i l t s t o n e s , a n d fi n e - t o - m e d i u m - g r a i n e d s a n d s t o n e s . T h e f o r m a t i o n a c c u m u l a t e d d u r i n g t h e r e g r e s s i v e a n d t r a n s g r e s s i v e s e q u e n c e s o f t h e C l a g g e t t S e a ( r e g r e s s i v e s e q u e n c e 8 [ R 8 ] ; s e e F i g u r e l i n R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) a n d B e a r p a w S e a ( t r a n s g r e s s i v e s e q u e n c e 9 [ T 9 ] ; F i g u r e 1 i n R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a n d i s b o u n d e d a b o v e a n d b e l o w b y t h e m a r i n e s h a l e s o f t h e C l a g g e t t a n d B e a r p a w f o r m a t i o n s ( H a m b l i n , 1 9 9 5 a n d R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) . T h e J R F c o n t a i n s a n u m b e r o f d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s , w i t h i n b o t h t h e l a r g e - s c a l e a n d s m a l l - s c a l e r e g r e s s i v e a n d t r a n s g r e s s i v e s e q u e n c e s . T h e m a j o r i t y o f f o s s i l s o c c u r w i t h i n t h e s m a l l e r s c a l e , o r m i n o r , d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s , w h i c h a r e p r i m a r i l y r e p r e s e n t e d b y s h a l l o w m a r i n e s a n d s t o n e s . F o s s i l s u t i l i z e d i n t h i s s t u d y w e r e c o l l e c t e d f r o m t w o o f t h o s e d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s , D 3 ( R o g e r s , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d p e r s o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n ) ( F i g u r e 1 f r o m R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) . L o c a l i t i e s T h e t e e t h e x a m i n e d i n t h i s s t u d y w e r e c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( W H ) ( l o c a t e d a t N 4 7 ° 4 4 ’ , W 1 0 8 ° 5 7 ’ ) ( F i g u r e 2 4 ) a n d t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d ( P P F ) ( F i g u r e 2 5 ) ( l o c a t e d a t N 4 7 ° 4 3 ’ , W 1 0 8 ° 5 6 ’ ) , * b o t h w i t h i n t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( J R F ) ( F i g u r e 2 6 ) . T h e b o n e b e d s a r e d e v e l o p e d o n a w i d e s p r e a d d i s c o n t i n u i t y s u r f a c e l o c a t e d o n t h e r i g h t b a n k o f t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r . T h e W H c o n s i s t s o f t w o c o n c e n t r a t e d p o c k e t s o f f o s s i l d e b r i s ( a n u p p e r s c o u r a n d a l o w e r s c o u r ) e a c h o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 m e t e r i n l a t e r a l e x t e n t t h a t c r o p o u t a t t h e s u r f a c e a n d h a s b e e n p r e v i o u s l y i n t e r p r e t e d t o * I I o l P r e c r s e c o o r d i n a t e s a r e k e p t o n fi l e a t t h e S c r e n c e M u s e u m o f a n e s o t a . 2 8 c o i n c i d e w i t h a s e q u e n c e b o u n d a r y ( R o g e r s , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) w h i l e t h e P P F i s o n e s c o u r o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 m e t e r i n l a t e r a l e x t e n t . T h e s e b o n e b e d s a r e v e r y f o s s i l i f e r o u s p o c k e t s t h a t a r e p a r t o f a l a r g e r f o s s i l - b e a r i n g h o r i z o n t h a t s p a n s t e n s o f s q u a r e m i l e s i n t h e e a s t e r n p a r t o f t h e M i s s o u r i B r e a k s ( R o g e r s , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) a n d a r e t h e s a m e h o r i z o n a n d e q u i v a l e n t i n a g e t o t h e d e p o s i t s i n B l a i n e C o u n t y t h a t C a s e c o l l e c t e d f r o m i n t h e l a t e 1 9 7 0 3 . T h e W H i s 2 - 4 c e n t i m e t e r s t h i c k ( l o w e r s c o u r ) , a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 - 2 c e n t i m e t e r s t h i c k ( u p p e r s c o u r ) , a n d t h e P P F i s ~ 1 0 c e n t i m e t e r s t h i c k . T h e b o n e b e d s a r e p r i m a r i l y c o m p o s e d o f v e r y w e l l - s o r t e d , m o d e r a t e l y r o u n d e d , m e d i u m t o fi n e - g r a i n e d , y e l l o w - t a n s h o r e f a c e q u a r t z s a n d s t o n e w i t h t r a c e s o f f e l d s p a r a n d e v e n s m a l l e r a m o u n t s o f p y r o x e n e / a m p h i b o l e ( R o g e r s , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d p e r s o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n ) . I n a d d i t i o n t o v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s , i n v e r t e b r a t e s a r e p l e n t i f u l , i n c l u d i n g t h e o y s t e r O s t r e a ( R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) , a n d m a n y m a r i n e t r a c e f o s s i l s a r e a l s o f o u n d , a m o n g t h e m T e i c h i c h n u s , O p h i o m o r p h a , a n d S k o l i t h o s ( R o g e r s , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . R e c e n t r a d i o m e t r i c d a t e s o f n e a r b y b e n t o n i t e b e d s a b o v e ( 7 4 M a ) a n d b e l o w ( 7 5 . 4 M a ) p l a c e t h e b o n e b e d s a t c a . 7 4 . 5 M a ( R o g e r s , K i d w e l l , a n d D e i n o , i n p r e p a r a t i o n ) . 2 9 R E V I E W O F E A R L I E R J R F S H A R K F A U N A S T U D I E S T h e m o s t r e c e n t c o m p r e h e n s i v e s t u d y o n t h e C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a w a s c o m p l e t e d b y C a s e i n 1 9 7 8 ( p r i o r t o t h a t S a h n i ’ s w o r k i n 1 9 7 2 c o n c e n t r a t e d o n t h e t e r r e s t r i a l f a u n a - t h e o n l y C h o n d r i c h t h y a n h e n o t e d w a s M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s ) . C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) d e s c r i b e d 3 n e w g e n e r a a n d 1 2 n e w s p e c i e s o f c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s . T h e n e w s p e c i e s d e s c r i b e d b y C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) w e r e : H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , H y b o d u s s t o r e r i , S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o m ' , S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s O l s o m ' , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , I s c h y r h i z a s p . ( a c c o r d i n g t o C a s e , a p o s s i b l e n e w s p e c i e s ) , a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s , i n a d d i t i o n t o a n e w o r e c t o l o b i d , C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s , a n d a c h i m a e r i d I s c h y o d u s b i f u r c a t u s C a s e , 1 9 7 8 b . T h e s e w e r e i n a d d i t i o n t o p r e v i o u s l y n a m e d t a x a a l s o c o l l e c t e d b y C a s e a t t h i s t i m e ( C a s e 1 9 7 8 a ) : S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s ( D a v i s , 1 8 9 0 ) , I s c h y r h i z a c f . [ s i c ] a v o n i c o l a E s t e s , 1 9 6 4 , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a L e i d y , 1 8 5 6 b , M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s C o p e , 1 8 7 6 a , a n d l a s t l y a c h i m a e r i d s i m i l a r t o o n e n a m e d b y A g a s s i z , E l a s m o d u s c f . [ s i c ] g r e e n o u g h i A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 ( C a s e , 1 9 7 9 ) . C a s e i d e n t i fi e d a l l o f t h e s e s p e c i e s p r i m a r i l y o n t h e b a s i s o f i s o l a t e d s h a r k t e e t h , b u t a l s o o c c a s i o n a l l y u t i l i z e d d o r s a l fi n s p i n e s , d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s , a n d c e n t r a i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e t e e t h . T h i s c u r r e n t s t u d y i n c l u d e s p r e v i o u s l y k n o w n s p e c i e s f r o m t h e J R F , s u c h a s H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s O l s o n i , S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , H y p o t o d u s s p p . , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , l s c h y r h i z a m i r a , M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s a n d a 3 0 c h i m a e r i d , I s c h y o d u s s p . T h e s t u d y a l s o a d d s s i x a d d i t i o n a l s p e c i e s t o t h e p r e v i o u s k n o w n d i v e r s i t y f r o m t h e J R F , n a m e l y S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , l s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i , a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s , a s w e l l a s a d d i t i o n a l t a x a n o t i d e n t i fi e d t o s p e c i e s s u c h a s S q u a t i r h i n a s p . , o r , i n s o m e c a s e s e v e n t o g e n u s l e v e l s ( T a b l e 1 ) . 3 1 M E T H O D O L O G Y F i e l d M e t h o d s R o u g h l y 2 1 k i l o g r a m s o f f o s s i l i f e r o u s m a t r i x w a s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e W H s i t e b y D r . R a y m o n d R o g e r s ( R R R ) ( M a c a l e s t e r C o l l e g e ) i n A u g u s t 2 0 0 2 , a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 5 k i l o g r a m s o f f o s s i l i f e r o u s m a t r i x w a s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e P P F s i t e b y t h e a u t h o r i n 2 0 0 6 f r o m F e r g u s C o u n t y i n n o r t h - c e n t r a l M o n t a n a . P r i o r t o t h e 2 0 0 2 b u l k s a m p l i n g R R R s c r e e n w a s h e d ( w i t h s t a n d a r d w i n d o w s c r e e n m e s h ) s e d i m e n t s f r o m t h e W H ( c r e a t i n g a n o t i c e a b l e s a m p l i n g b i a s w h e r e o n l y t h e l a r g e r f o s s i l s w e r e c o l l e c t e d ) w i t h t h e r e s u l t i n g m a t e r i a l i n c l u d e d i n t h i s s t u d y . T h e m a t r i x w a s l a t e r t r a n s f e r r e d t o M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ( M S U ) f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s s t u d y . L a b o r a t o r y M e t h o d s T h e m a t r i x i s l o o s e , u n c o n s o l i d a t e d , f r e e fl o w i n g m a t e r i a l , a n d w a s d r y - s i e v e d ( U S s t a n d a r d m e s h s i e v e s [ A S T M s p e c i fi c a t i o n E - l 1 ] , 4 . 7 5 m i l l i m e t e r t o 0 . 0 3 7 m i l l i m e t e r s ) a c c o r d i n g t o t h e m e t h o d s o u t l i n e d i n R i x o n ( 1 9 7 6 ) i n o r d e r t o e x t r a c t a n y s h a r k a n d r a y t e e t h , c e n t r a , a n d o t h e r f o s s i l s ( s u c h a s t e l e o s t r e m a i n s ) . M o s t f o s s i l m a t e r i a l w a s f o u n d i n t h e 4 . 7 5 m i l l i m e t e r t o 0 . 5 0 0 m i l l i m e t e r m e s h s i z e s . O n c e s i e v e d , t h e s h a r k a n d r a y t e e t h w e r e c l e a n e d o f a n y e x c e s s m a t r i x w i t h a p i n V i c e w h e n p o s s i b l e a n d i d e n t i fi e d w i t h t h e a i d o f t h e c u r r e n t l i t e r a t u r e u t i l i z i n g b o t h p r i m a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e s s u c h a s C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) , C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e ( 1 9 7 5 a ) , C a s e ( 1 9 8 7 ) , M e y e r ( 1 9 7 4 ) , a n d i d e n t i fi c a t i o n g u i d e s b y K e n t ( 1 9 9 4 ) a n d W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h ( 1 9 9 3 ) . A l l s p e c i m e n s w e r e a s s i g n e d c a t a l o g u e n u m b e r s f r o m t h e S c i e n c e M u s e u m o f M i n n e s o t a ( S M M ) ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 - S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 8 [ W o o d h a w k m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d i n 2 0 0 2 b y R R R ] ; S M M P 9 9 : 8 l : 1 - 3 2 S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 1 7 [ s c r e e n w a s h e d W o o d h a w k m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d b y R R R p r i o r t o 2 0 0 2 ] ; S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 2 1 - S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 4 [ P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d b y t h e a u t h o r i n 2 0 0 5 a n d 2 0 0 6 ] ; a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 5 : l : 1 ( A 1 ) - S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 5 : 8 : 4 ( H 4 ) [ e x t a n t m a t e r i a l f o r t a p h o n o m y e x p e r i m e n t s i n 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 0 6 ] ) . T h e m a t e r i a l w i l l b e r e p o s i t e d a t t h e S M M a f t e r t h e s t u d y i s c o m p l e t e . S p e c i m e n n u m b e r s w e r e a s s i g n e d i n l o t s , w i t h r e f e r e n c e d s p e c i m e n s a s s i g n e d s p e c i a l S M M s p e c i m e n n u m b e r s . I l l u s t r a t i o n s o f t h e s p e c i m e n s w e r e m a d e u t i l i z i n g a I e i c a M 2 8 s t e r e o z o o m b i n o c u l a r m i c r o s c o p e w i t h c a m e r a l u c i d a a t t a c h m e n t , i n a d d i t i o n t o i m a g e s g e n e r a t e d f r o m a J E O L 6 4 0 0 S E M a t t h e M S U C e n t e r f o r A d v a n c e d M i c r o s c o p y . E x p e r i m e n t a l M e t h o d s T h e t a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t a l p o r t i o n o f t h i s p r o j e c t w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d i n t h e t a p h o n o m y s e c t i o n . 3 3 F i g u r e 1 . G e n e r a l v i e w o f C r e t a c e o u s b a d l a n d t o p o g r a p h y ( w i t h t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r i n t h e f o r e g r o u n d ) , F e r g u s C o u n t y , M o n t a n a . 3 4 A L B E R T A F i g u r e 2 . C a m p a n i a n s e d i m e n t o u t c r o p s i n M o n t a n a , W y o m i n g , A l b e r t a , a n d S a s k a t c h e w a n . S t a r m a r k s g e n e r a l a r e a o f r e s e a r c h ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 ) . 3 5 F i g u r e 3 . S h a r k t e e t h a s o r i g i n a l l y i l l u s t r a t e d b y S t e n o ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S t e n o , 1 6 6 7 ) . F i g u r e 4 . L o w e r j a w s e c t i o n o f G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r f r o m A n d r e ’ ( m o d i f i e d f r o m A n d r é , 1 7 8 4 ) w h e r e A r e p r e s e n t s “ n o r m a l ” t e e t h , B t h e b i s e c t e d t e e t h , a n d C t h e s t i n g r a y t a i l s p i n e b i s e c t i n g t h e t e e t h . 3 6 W A ‘ W a F i g u r e 5 . T o o t h a r r a n g e m e n t s a s i d e n t i fi e d b y S t r a s b u r g ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S t r a s b u r g , 1 9 6 3 ) : a . n o o v e r l a p ( i n d e p e n d e n t d e n t i t i o n ) , b . a l t e r n a t e o v e r l a p , c . i m b r i c a t e o v e r l a p , ( 1 . m i x e d a l t e r n a t e o v e r l a p , a n d e . m o d i fi e d i m b r i c a t e o v e r l a p . L o w e r F i g u r e 6 . J a w l i n e o f M o n o g n a t h i c H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e m o d e r n t i g e r s h a r k G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r ( m o d i fi e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . 3 7 I e “ ‘ Q E Q Q . V m Q Q W W “ ‘ ‘ 1 Q ‘ 9 A . . . “ / / / A d u l t U p p e r L o w e r F i g u r e 7 . J a w l i n e O f D i g n a t h i c H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e m o d e r n s i x g i l l s h a r k H e x a n c h u s g r i s e u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . - m J u v e n i l e t u m . V w M F i g u r e 8 . J a w l i n e s o f O n t o g e n e t i c H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e m o d e r n h o r n s h a r k H e t e r o d o n t u s f r a n c i s c a n u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . F i g u r e 9 . S e x u a l D e n t a l H e t e r o d o n t y a s s e e n i n t h e g e n u s D a s y a t i s ( m o d i f i e d f r o m W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . 3 8 F i g u r e 1 0 . C l u t c h i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n e x h i b i t e d b y S c y l i o r h i n u s r e t i f e r ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 1 1 . T e a r i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n s e e n i n O d o n t a s p i s f e r o x ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 3 9 fl B fl fi fl fi fi fl fi w a fl fi fl fl fi a fi a fi a fi w m a w fi F i g u r e 1 2 a . C u t t i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n w h e r e c u t t i n g - e d g e s a r e c o m p l e t e i n S q u a l u s a c a n t h i a s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 1 2 b . C u t t i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n w h e r e c u t t i n g - e d g e s a r e s e r r a t e d s h o w n i n G a l e o c e r d o c u v i e r ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 4 0 M Q G E P W Q W P W “ " “ ‘ Q O E G a a . . . F i g u r e 1 3 a . V a r i a t i o n o f c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s u b - t y p e d e n t i t i o n a s e x h i b i t e d b y H e x a n c h u s g r i e s u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 1 3 b . V a r i a t i o n o f c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s u b - t y p e d e n t i t i o n a s e x h i b i t e d b y P t e r o l a m i o p s l o n g i m a n u s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . A é $ 4 $ $ é é é é a ¢ a c c . c F i g u r e 1 3 c . V a r i a t i o n o f c u t t i n g - c l u t c h i n g s u b - t y p e d e n t i t i o n a s e x h i b i t e d b y P a r a g a l e u s p e c t o r a l i s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 4 1 I I . " ' . 0 . 0 . F i g u r e 1 4 . C r u s h i n g - t y p e d e n t i t i o n d i s p l a y e d b y R a j a c l a v a t a ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 1 5 . G r i n d i n g — t y p e d e n t i t i o n s h o w n i n M y l i o b a t i s ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 1 6 . C l u t c h i n g - g r i n d i n g t y p e d e n t i t i o n i n H e t e r o d o n t u s ( f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 4 2 A n t e r i o r I n t e r m e d i a t e L a t e r a l P o s t e r i o r C 1 ' 1 : - u G R E A T E Y W S I ’ V V " W H I T E r S H A R K O E A é é é m z : A n t e r i o r L a t e r a l L a t e r a l P o s t e r i o r g T H { T l Q ‘ s - 9 9 0 0 " “ S I X G I L L 7 ° m " . . . ' @ ' w S H A R K S g W W W . . . “ 7 : w T A — a . 1 S y m p h y s e a l A n t e r o l a t e r a l P o s t e r i o r F i g u r e 1 7 . T o o t h p o s i t i o n t e r m i n o l o g y ( l e f t s i d e o f j a w ) f o r t h e G r e a t W h i t e a n d s i x g i l l s h a r k s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m P e r r y , 1 9 9 4 ) . F i g u r e 1 8 . T o o t h t e r m i n o l o g y o f s h a r k s : a . l a b i a l V i e w , b . l i n g u a l V i e w , a n d c . m e s i a l v i e w f r o m a n t e r i o r t o o t h o f P a l a e o h y p o t o d u s r u t o t i ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . 4 3 F i g u r e 1 9 . T o o t h t e r m i n o l o g y o f r a y s : a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w , c . p r o fi l e , d . o c c l u s a l V i e w , f r o m M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s ; e . o c c l u s a l V i e w f r o m f e m a l e l a t e r a l t o o t h o f P l a t y r h i n a s i n e n s i s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 2 0 . S t a g e s o f r o o t v a s c u l a r i z a t i o n : a . a n a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( S p h e n o d u s s p . ) , b . h e m i a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( N e b r i u s ) , c . h o l a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( C h a e n o g a l e u s ) , d . h o l a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( R a j a ) , a n d e . p o l y a u l a c o r h i z e s t a g e ( I g d a b a t i s ) ( m o d i fi e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . F i g u r e 2 1 . H i s t o l o g y o f e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h : a . o r t h o d o n t t y p e ( C a r c h a r h i n u s ) a n d b . o s t e o d o n t t y p e ( L a m n a ) ( m o d i f i e d f r o m C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . e 2 2 b . 2 2 d . F i g u r e 2 2 . E x a m p l e s o f h o l o c e p h a l i a n t o o t h p l a t e d e n t i t i o n s : a . S q u a l o r a j a p o l y s p o n d y l a , b . M y r i a c a n t h u s p a r a d o x u s , a n d c . D e l t o p t y c h i u s a r m i g e r u s ( f r o m P a t t e r s o n , 1 9 6 5 ) ; d . d i a g r a m o f s e c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e l o n g a x i s ( m e s i o d i s t a l ) o f H e l o d u s t o o t h p l a t e d e p i c t i n g t i s s u e s , r o o t , a n d c r o w n ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) . 4 5 . ~ M i l k R a g g a , - s o - j j : > M O N T A N A S O U T H E R N A L B E R T A A L I : N 9 n h _ “ L ° S t C e n t r a l P l a i n s - 2 3 % . B e a r p a w B e a r p a w - . F m . “ = 5 " F m . - 7 4 - . . | - . " _ ' J I - 7 5 - ‘ . _ , a " , D i n o s a u r _ _ a . ; _ _ > _ P a r k a . . 4 g _ ‘ J U d I f h ; , _ . _ ” f a : g ' " “ ‘ ? - f f _ ' : - : j “ - T W O . " 5 . R i v e r . = f . ' . _ , P 1 1 } : 0 , _ O l d m a n M 9 9 0 0 9 < F o r m a t i o n . j , _ b . [ F m ' 7 3 " 3 . m Z * ' ‘ " 1 : 5 . - - . . - - - - ( D ; _ . . ' . " . . - ' . ; i ; - . » . ' ; : ~ { 5 " ' O . 1 . . F o r e m o s t : - ' Z . . _ . 3 , . " . F m , ' ” ” , 1 “ ; 0 ‘ C l a g g e t t P a k o w k i / L e a P a r k * 1 - . : = : a r r F m . F m . ' E a g l e F m F i g u r e 2 3 . G e n e r a l i z e d s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t i o n o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p i n M o n t a n a a n d s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a ( J u d i t h R i v e r G r o u p ) . B l a c k b a n d t h r o u g h t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n r e p r e s e n t s t h e a p p r o x i m a t e p o s i t i o n o f t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d a n d t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d i n n o r t h - c e n t r a l M o n t a n a ( m o d i fi e d f r o m S a n k e y e t a l . , 2 0 0 2 ) . 4 6 F i g u r e 2 4 . C l o s e — u p p h o t o o f t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d , a r r o w m a r k s b o t t o m b o u n d a r y o f s c o u r ( P h o t o c o u r t e s y o f R R . R o g e r s ) . F i g u r e 2 5 . C l o s e - u p p h o t o o f t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d , a r r o w m a r k s b o t t o m b o u n d a r y o f s c o u r ( P h o t o c o u r t e s y o f R R . R o g e r s ) . 4 7 V C I ‘ - é . ' g ~ \ + g : N 1 2 4 1 “ ~ . . , _ _ _ 0 T 2 3 N “ ~ . C O ‘ N 1 \ — i i I . q } ‘ i . C o w I s l a n d \ W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . ‘ x . l . . l . ! o ' W O o d b a W k / . I 8 l L U ) , C T C e k / ' g l : g ‘ I . E : 2 : i m I E x . I 4 . . I " ~ . , , . ” ' . ’ 4 - ' - . ~ . T ' ~ ? I L I — — — J . F e ’ g s C T . “ M o n t a n a P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d ° + I 2 3 N R 2 1 E R 2 2 E T 2 2 N F i g u r e 2 6 . M a p o f s a m p l i n g l o c a l i t i e s , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d b e t w e e n W o o d h a w k C r e e k a n d t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r , a n d P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d a d j a c e n t t o t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r , F e r g u s C o u n t y , M o n t a n a ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l o b e t a l . , 2 0 0 1 ) . 4 8 < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > x x x X x x x x X X x x x x x S a h n i C a s e T u l u ( W H a n d P P F ) X H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s H y b o d u s s t o r e r i S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . 8 . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s x H y p o t o d u s s p p . O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i x A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s x C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e x P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e x S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s x x I s c h y o d u s b i f u r c a t u s x I s c h y o d u s E l a s m o d u s c f . g r e e n o u g h i x > < T a b l e 1 . C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F . D a t a f r o m S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 , C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 , a n d p r e s e n t s t u d y . " X " i n l a r g e b o l d r e p r e s e n t n e w t a x a f o u n d i n t h e J R F , s i x c o n fi r m e d s p e c i e s a n d o n e g e n u s . 4 9 C H A P T E R T W O V E R T E B R A T E P A L E O N T O L O G Y S y s t e m a t i c a n a l y s i s o f t h e C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f o s s i l s s h o w t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l r e c o v e r e d i s l a r g e l y c o m p o s e d o f l a m n i f o r m s a n d r a j i f o r m s . O t h e r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s i n c l u d e : a h y b o d o n t , a n o r e c t o l o b i f o r r n , a c a r c h a r h i n i f o r m , a m y l i o b a t i f o r m , a n d a c h i m a e r i f o r r n . A d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l ( t e l e o s t a n d c r o c o d y l i f o r r n t e e t h ) i s a l s o b r i e fl y d e s c r i b e d . S y s t e m a t i c P a l e o n t o l o g y T h e f o l l o w i n g t a x o n o m i c h i e r a r c h y f o r E l a s m o b r a n c h i i l a r g e l y f o l l o w s C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 8 7 ) e x c e p t w h e r e r e c e n t r e v i s i o n s h a v e b e e n m a d e ; i n t h o s e c a s e s , t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e f e r e n c e s a r e m e n t i o n e d i n t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e t a x o n a n d t h e p r o b l e m a t i c n a t u r e o f c l a s s i fi c a t i o n . S u b t e r b r a n c h i a l i a h i e r a r c h y f o l l o w s S t a h l ( 1 9 9 9 ) a n d S t a h l a n d C h a t t e r j e e ( 2 0 0 2 ) , T e l e o s t e i f o l l o w s A r r a t i a ( 1 9 9 9 ) , a n d d e n t a l t e r m i n o l o g i e s u s e d i n t h e d e s c r i p t i o n s b e l o w , f o l l o w t h e e x a m p l e s s e t b y L e r i c h e ( 1 9 0 5 , 1 9 1 0 , a n d 1 9 2 6 ) , C a s i e r ( l 9 4 7 a - c ) , P e y e r ( 1 9 6 8 ) , a n d A p p l e g a t e ( 1 9 6 5 ) . C l a s s C H O N D R I C H T H Y E S H u x l e y , 1 8 8 0 S u b c l a s s E L A S M O B R A N C H H B o n a p a r t e , 1 8 3 8 C o h o r t E U S E L A C H I I H a y , 1 9 0 2 S u p e r f a m i l y H Y B O D O N T O I D E A Z a n g e r l , 1 9 8 1 F a m i l y H Y B O D O N T I D A E O w e n , 1 8 4 6 G e n u s H Y B O D U S A g a s s i z , 1 8 3 7 H Y B O D U S M O N T A N E N S I S C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a F i g u r e s 2 7 a - c M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 6 : ] a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 6 2 2 . 1 0 t e e t h / p i e c e s . 5 0 D e s c r i p t i o n — C a s e ’ s ( 1 9 7 8 a ) d i a g n o s i s f o r t h i s s p e c i e s s p e c i fi e s t e e t h o f m e d i u m t o l a r g e s i z e w i t h a r o o t w i d t h r a n g i n g f r o m 5 . 0 m m t o 2 0 . 0 m m , w i t h p l i c a t i o n s a t t h e e n a m e l o i d b o r d e r a n d u p a l o n g t h e c r o w n . T h e r e i s o n e m a i n c u s p a n d l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s t h a t a r e o n e t h i r d o f t h e h e i g h t o f t h e m a i n c u s p . N u t r i t i v e p i t s a n d f o r a m i n a c a n b e o b s e r v e d b e l o w t h e r o o t s h e l f o n s o m e s p e c i m e n s . S p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e W H a r e a l l p a r t i a l s w i t h m o s t o f t h e m b e i n g f r a g m e n t a r y . T h e b e s t e x a m p l e f r o m t h e W H ( F i g u r e 2 7 a - c ) i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 . 5 m m w i d e a n d c o n t a i n s t h e m a i n c u s p a n d h a s t w o c o m p l e t e l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s a n d o n e p a r t i a l c u s p l e t . T h e r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s a n a u l a c o r h i z o u s w i t h o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y . D i s c u s s i o n — V e r y f e w c o m p l e t e s p e c i m e n s a r e k n o w n ; m o s t l a c k r o o t s , a n d / o r t i p s t o c u s p s . A g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i s f r o m t h e J R F , C a m p a n i a n , U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s M o n t a n a , U . S . A . ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . A l s o o c c u r s i n t h e T e a p o t S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r , “ M e s a v e r d e “ F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n , W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) , t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n A l b e r t a , C a n a d a ( B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l , 1 9 9 9 ) , a n d t h e B l a c k C r e e k F o r m a t i o n , C a m p a n i a n , N o r t h C a r o l i n a ( R o b b , 1 9 8 9 ) . T h e g e n u s H y b o d u s i s f o u n d f r o m m i d d l e T r i a s s i c t o L a t e C r e t a c e o u s i n N o r t h A m e r i c a , E u r o p e , A s i a , a n d n o r t h a n d w e s t A f r i c a . C o h o r t N E O S E L A C H I I C o m p a g n o , 1 9 7 7 O r d e r O R E C T O L O B I F O R M E S A p p l e g a t e , 1 9 7 4 F a m i l y O R E C T O L O B I D A E G i l l , 1 8 9 5 G e n u s C R E T O R E C T O L O B U S C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a a { M e s a v e r d e w h e n r e f e r r e d t o i n W y o m i n g i s p l a c e d w i t h i n q u o t a t i o n m a r k s t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e i t f r o m t h e t y p e s e c t i o n o f t h e f o r m a t i o n i n s o u t h w e s t e r n C o l o r a d o ( t h e u s a g e o f t h e t e r m M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n i s u s e d i n c o r r e c t l y i n W y o m i n g ) ( L i l l e g r a v e n a n d M c K e n n a , 1 9 8 6 ) . 5 1 C R E T O R E C T O L O B U S O L S O N ] C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a F i g u r e s 2 8 a — g M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 2 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 3 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 2 4 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 5 . 6 7 t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 z 8 1 z 3 . 1 3 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 0 . 8 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — C a s e ’ s ( 1 9 7 8 a ) d i a g n o s i s f o r t h i s g e n u s a n d s p e c i e s s p e c i fi e s t e e t h o f s m a l l t o m e d i u m s i z e w i t h a r o o t w i d t h r a n g i n g f r o m 2 . 0 m m t o 8 . 0 m m a n d w i t h a l o w c r o w n a n d c u s p d i r e c t e d t o w a r d s t h e i n t e r i o r o f t h e j a w , a n d a p p e a r i n g r a t h e r s q u a t i n o i d i n o v e r a l l s h a p e w i t h a s h o r t b r o a d c u s p t h a t t a p e r s t o a n a r r o w a p e x . L a b i a l fl a n g e s a r e s h o r t t o l o n g a n d n a r r o w . F o r a m i n a c a n b e p r e s e n t o n t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e b e l o w t h e o v e r h a n g i n g u v u l a . A l s o p r e s e n t i s a p a r t i a l l y o p e n e d f u r r o w ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s ) o n t h e r e c t a n g u l a r o r t r i a n g u l a r b a s a l s u r f a c e o f t h e t e e t h ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . M o s t o f t h e s p e c i m e n s c o l l e c t e d a r e c o m p l e t e w i t h c u s p , a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 . 0 m m w i d e , a n d d o n o t c l e a r l y d e m o n s t r a t e t h e f o r a m i n a . F o r a m i n a m a y p o s s i b l y b e o b s c u r e d b y m a t r i x t h a t w a s i r r e m o v a b l e . H i s t o l o g y i s o r t h o d o n t . D i s c u s s i o n — S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 5 ) v i s i t e d a n d c o l l e c t e d s p e c i m e n s f r o m C a s e ’ s l o c a l i t i e s i n M o n t a n a a n d W y o m i n g a n d m a d e t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t s o m e o f t h e t e e t h l a b e l l e d C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a a n d E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a r e p r e s e n t j u v e n i l e a n d a d u l t f o r m s o f o n e s p e c i e s . H e h a s a l s o e r e c t e d a n e w g e n u s , C e d e r s t r o e m i a w i t h t w o n e w s p e c i e s , C . n i l s i a n d C . t r i a n g u l a t a b a s e d o n t h e s p e c i m e n s h e c o l l e c t e d . I t i s S i v e r s o n ’ s c o n t e n t i o n t h a t t h e t e e t h c o l l e c t e d b y C a s e w e r e a m i x t u r e o f C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s a n d C e d e r s t r o e m i a . H o w e v e r , t h e t e e t h a r e s o s i m i l a r t h a t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y e x i s t s t h a t t h e s e t e e t h r e p r e s e n t n o r m a l v a r i a t i o n i n a s i n g l e s p e c i e s . 5 2 A g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i s f r o m t h e J R F , C a m p a n i a n , U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s M o n t a n a , U . S . A . ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) t o t h e K e m p F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r M a a s t r i c h t i a n T e x a s ( C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 7 ) . O c c u r s a l s o i n t h e T e a p o t S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r , “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n , W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) , t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n A l b e r t a , C a n a d a ( B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l , 1 9 9 9 ) , a n d t h e A l b i a n o f F r a n c e ( B i d d l e , 1 9 9 3 ) . O r d e r L A M N I F O R M E S B e r g , 1 9 5 8 F a m i l y A N A C O R A C I D A E C a s i e r , 1 9 4 7 b G e n u s S Q U A L I C O R A X W h i t l e y , 1 9 3 9 S Q U A L I C O R A X K A U P I A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 F i g u r e s 2 9 a - f M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 : 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 : 2 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 2 3 . 3 l a t e r a l t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 . 1 l a t e r a l t o o t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T e e t h o f S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d b y B i l e l o ( 1 9 6 9 ) , H e r m a n ( 1 9 7 7 ) , a n d C a s e ( 1 9 8 7 ) . D i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s o f S . k a u p i a c c o r d i n g t o B i l e l o a r e : l a r g e t e e t h t h a t r a n g e f r o m 3 . 5 m m t o 1 5 m m i n w i d t h , 4 . 5 m m t o 1 5 m m i n h e i g h t ; t h e y a r e t h i c k - r o o t e d w i t h a n u p p e r a n t e r i o r e d g e i n fl e c t e d s i n u o u s l y t o w a r d t h e s h a r p a p e x . T h e l o w e r a n t e r i o r e d g e i s s t r a i g h t o r i n c l i n e s i n w a r d t o f o r m a m o d e r a t e l y a n g u l a r h u m p a t m i d h e i g h t ( a c r e s c e n t i c s h a p e ) . T h e c u t t i n g e d g e s d i s p l a y s t r o n g s e r r a t i o n s . T h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e i s c o n v e x w i t h t h e l a b i a l s u r f a c e fl a t t o c o n c a v e . S . k a u p i d i f f e r s f r o m S . f a l c a t u s b y t h e a n g u l a r h u m p l o c a t e d i n t h e m i d d l e o f i t s a n t e r i o r e d g e ( E v e t t s , 1 9 7 9 ) . T h e s p e c i m e n s f o u n d a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 . 0 m m w i d e a n d t y p i f y S . k a u p i i n e v e r y o t h e r w a y . T h e t e e t h a r e i n p r i s t i n e o r n e a r p r i s t i n e c o n d i t i o n . T h e s e m a y b e l a t e r a l t e e t h f r o m 5 3 e i t h e r t h e l e f t s i d e o f t h e l o w e r j a w o r t h e r i g h t s i d e o f t h e u p p e r j a w . T h e r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s a n a u l a c o r h i z o u s w i t h o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y . D i s c u s s i o n — B e c a u s e o f t h e i r s i m i l a r s i z e a n d s h a p e S . k a u p i h a s b e e n m i s t a k e n f o r o t h e r s p e c i e s o f S q u a l i c o r a x , n a m e l y S . f a l c a t u s . B i l e l o ( 1 9 6 9 ) s o u g h t t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e b e t w e e n c o m m o n s p e c i e s o f S q u a l i c o r a x u s i n g t h o s e d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s u t i l i z e d h e r e . I t h a s b e e n p o s t u l a t e d t h a t S . k a u p i d e s c e n d e d f r o m S . f a l c a t u s , h e n c e t h e v e r y s i m i l a r d e n t i t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o . S . k a u p i i s f o u n d f r o m C o n i a c i a n t o C a m p a n i a n o f N o r t h A m e r i c a ; L a t e C r e t a c e o u s o f E u r o p e , J a p a n , a n d N e w Z e a l a n d ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) , t h e M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f M a d a g a s c a r ( G o t t f r i e d e t a l . , 2 0 0 1 ) , a n d t h e S a n t o n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f A n g o l a ( A n t u n e s a n d C a p p e t t a , 2 0 0 2 ) . S Q U A L I C O R A X s p . , c f . S . K A U P I A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 F i g u r e s 3 0 a - d M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 . l a n t e r o - l a t e r a l t o o t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 . l a n t e r o - l a t e r a l t o o t h . D e s c r i p t i o n - — T h e s e s p e c i m e n s m a y b e S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i , u n f o r t u n a t e l y t h e r e a r e n o t e n o u g h f e a t u r e s t o g i v e a m o r e d e fi n i t i v e d e s i g n a t i o n b e y o n d t h e g e n u s l e v e l . T h e s e s p e c i m e n s a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 . 0 m m w i d e a n d a r e p r e s u m e d t o b e e i t h e r u n d e r d e v e l o p e d t e e t h o r p o s s i b l y v e r y p o s t e r i o r t e e t h i n t h e j a w l i n e . 5 4 D i s c u s s i o n — B e c a u s e d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s a r e l a c k i n g o n t h e s e s p e c i m e n s i d e n t i fi c a t i o n i s u n c e r t a i n . H o w e v e r , t h e y s t r o n g l y r e s e m b l e t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d s p e c i m e n s a n d a r e t e n t a t i v e l y r e f e r r e d t o a s S . k a u p i . S Q U A L I C O R A X P R I S T O D O N T U S A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 F i g u r e s 3 1 a - d M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 : l , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 : 2 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 : 3 . 4 l a t e r a l o r a n t e r i o r t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T e e t h o f S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s h a v e a w i d e s i z e r a n g e b u t c a n b e u p t o 3 0 . 0 m m h i g h . T e e t h c o l l e c t e d f r o m P P F a r e r a t h e r d i m i n u t i v e < 1 0 . 0 m m t a l l . T e e t h o f t h i s t a x o n h a v e a t r i a n g u l a r c r o w n a n d s t r o n g s e r r a t i o n s a l o n g t h e c u t t i n g e d g e s ( C a p p e t t a 1 9 8 7 ) . I n t h e i r 1 9 7 5 s t u d y , C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e g a v e a m o r e q u a n t i t a t i v e d i a g n o s i s f o r t h i s s p e c i e s , w i t h t h e s y m p h y s e a l t e e t h t a l l e r t h a n t h e y a r e w i d e a n d d i s p l a y i n g 5 0 d e n t i c l e s ( t h e s e r r a t i o n s ) t h a t p o i n t t o t h e s y m p h y s i s . T h e y a l s o l a c k a d i s t i n c t h e e l a n d h a v e a h i g h , fl a t r o o t t h a t i s c o n v e x o n t h e l i n g u a l s i d e a n d fl a t o n t h e l a b i a l s i d e ( C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 7 5 a ) . L a t e r a l t e e t h a r e w i d e r t h a n t a l l , h a v e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 0 d e n t i c l e s ( s e r r a t i o n s ) o n t h e m e s i a l c u t t i n g s u r f a c e , a n d h a v e a m o r e p r o n o u n c e d h e e l o f t h e c r o w n a n d r o o t ( w h e r e t h e r o o t h a s b e c o m e a s y m m e t r i c a l ) o n t h e d i s t a l s i d e o f t h e t o o t h ( C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 7 5 a ) . C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 9 7 ) s t a t e t h a t S . p r i s t o d o n t u s c o u l d g r o w t o t w i c e t h e s i z e o f S . k a u p i , h o w e v e r t h e S . p r i s t o d o n t u s s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d i n t h i s s t u d y a r e a l l a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e s a m e s i z e a s t h o s e o f S . k a u p i . T h e t e e t h l a c k a l i n g u a l g r o o v e b u t t h e r e a r e m a n y f o r a m i n a p r e s e n t i n t h e l a b i a l f a c e o f t h e r o o t ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s a n a u l a c o r h i z o u s w i t h o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y . 5 5 D i s c u s s i o n — T h i s g e n u s i s w i d e s p r e a d , b o t h i n s p a c e a n d t i m e , w i t h S . p r i s t o d o n t u s ( t h e t y p e s p e c i e s , f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s , M a a s t r i c h t , H o l l a n d ) f o u n d f r o m t h e C a m p a n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n , U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . E a r l i e r w o r k s ( G l i k m a n , 1 9 5 6 ) h a v e p r o p o s e d a l i n e a g e f o r S q u a l i c o r a x , w i t h S . f a l c a t u s g i v i n g r i s e t o S . k a u p i g i v i n g r i s e t o S . p r i s t o d o n t u s ( w i t h a n o v e r a l l i n c r e a s e i n s i z e , a n i n c r e a s i n g l y b l u n t a p i c a l a n g l e , a n d a s m a l l e r h e e l [ C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ] ) . H o w e v e r , t h i s h y p o t h e s i z e d l i n e a g e i s b a s e d m o r e o n s t r a t i g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n t h e n o n t h e m o r p h o l o g y , a s t h e c h a n g e s a r e g r a d u a l ( C a p p e t t a 1 9 8 7 ) . T h i s m a k e s i t d i f fi c u l t t o e r e c t g e n e r i c a n d s p e c i e s b o u n d a r i e s . S . p r i s t o d o n t u s h a s p r e v i o u s l y b e e n d o c u m e n t e d f r o m t h e U p p e r M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f M o r o c c o ( A r a m b o u r g , 1 9 5 2 ) , t h e M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f T e x a s ( C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 7 ) , t h e S a n t o n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f A n g o l a ( A n t u n e s a n d C a p p e t t a , 2 0 0 2 ) , a n d f r o m t h e C a m p a n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f N e w J e r s e y ( C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 7 5 a ) a n d n o w t h e J R F , C a m p a n i a n , U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s M o n t a n a . F a m i l y O D O N T A S P I D I D A E M i i l l e r a n d H e n l e , 1 8 3 9 G e n u s H Y P O T O D U S J a e k e l , 1 8 9 5 H Y P O T O D U S G R A N D I S C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a F i g u r e s 3 2 a — f a n d 3 3 a — e M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 2 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 3 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 4 - 7 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) . 7 t e e t h . L o t S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 1 . 1 0 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 4 : ] a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 z 4 z 2 ( 2 2 t e e t h ) . D e s c r i p t i o n - L a r g e t e e t h a r e a n i m p o r t a n t d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e f o r t h i s s p e c i e s ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) . T h e r e i s o n e p r o m i n e n t c u s p a n d 2 t o 3 l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s o n e i t h e r s i d e t h a t a r e s i g m o i d a l a n d e l o n g a t e . P l i c a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t a t t h e b a s e o f t h e c r o w n w h e r e i t m e e t s t h e 5 6 r o o t . A l s o p r e s e n t i s a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e o n t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e o f t h e r o o t ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s a n d o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y ) . M o s t t e e t h c o l l e c t e d a r e j u s t u n d e r 5 . 0 m m i n w i d t h , a n d a l l e x h i b i t 2 o r 3 l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s o n e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e m a i n c u s p a s w e l l a s a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e . D i s c u s s i o n — H . g r a n d i s i s v e r y s i m i l a r t o H . a c u l e a t u s f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f N e w J e r s e y ( C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e 1 9 7 5 3 ) . T h e s i m i l a r i t y b e t w e e n t h e t w o s p e c i e s i s s o s t r o n g t h a t i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e y m a y r e p r e s e n t t h e s a m e t a x o n . T h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h a t C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) u s e s t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e t h e m a r e g e o g r a p h i c l o c a t i o n ( N e w J e r s e y v e r s u s M o n t a n a ) , t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n s i z e ( H . g r a n d i s t e e t h a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w i c e t h e s i z e o f t h o s e o f H . a c u l e a t u s ) a n d h i s o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t t h e r e i s “ . . . a n e v e r s o s l i g h t d i f f e r e n t [ s i c ] i n t h e l a t e r a l c u s p s h a p e ” ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a : 1 9 0 ) . T h e d i f f e r e n c e , i f i t e x i s t s , i s s u b t l e , a n d m a y r e p r e s e n t n o r m a l v a r i a t i o n i n a s p e c i e s . A t t h i s t i m e , t h e t e e t h w i l l b e t r e a t e d a s t w o d i s t i n c t s p e c i e s o f H y p o t o d u s , w i t h t h e t e e t h f r o m t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a r e p r e s e n t i n g H . g r a n d i s . C u r r e n t a g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i s t h e J R F , C a m p a n i a n , U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s M o n t a n a , U . S . A . O c c u r s a l s o i n t h e T e a p o t S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r , “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n , W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) . N o o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s a r e k n o w n a t t h i s t i m e . H Y P O T O D U S s p . F i g u r e s 3 4 a - b M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 4 : 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 4 z 2 - 4 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 4 z 5 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 4 : 6 . 2 7 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 5 . 6 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T e e t h r e s e m b l e H . g r a n d i s a n d H . a c u l e a t u s a l t h o u g h t h e s i z e s v a r y c o n s i d e r a b l y . T h e t e e t h a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 . 0 m m w i d e b u t t h e s p r e a d o f t h e c u s p l e t s i s 5 7 n o t a s w i d e a s t h a t s e e n i n H . g r a n d i s a n d H . a c u l e a t u s . T h e c u s p a n d c u s p l e t s a r e a l s o m o r e e l o n g a t e t h a n i s s e e n i n t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d s p e c i e s . O t h e r t h a n t h o s e d i f f e r e n c e s , t h e r e s t o f t h e c h a r a c t e r s a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e c h a r a c t e r s o f H y p o t o d u s , o n e p r o m i n e n t c u s p a n d 2 t o 3 l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s o n e i t h e r s i d e t h a t a r e s i g m o i d a l a n d e l o n g a t e . P l i c a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t a t t h e b a s e o f t h e c r o w n , a n d a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e o n t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e o f t h e r o o t ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s a n d o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y ) . D i s c u s s i o n - — S o m e o f t h e s e t e e t h m a y r e p r e s e n t a d d i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n a m o n g H . g r a n d i s o r H . a c u l e a t u s o r t h e y m a y b e a d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s . P o s i t i v e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n h a s b e e n d i f fi c u l t d u e t o i n c o m p l e t e s p e c i m e n s . H Y P O T O D U S s p . F i g u r e s 3 4 c - d M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 5 : 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 5 2 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 5 : 3 , a n d S M M 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 5 : 4 . 3 6 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 6 . 1 3 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T e e t h d i f f e r f r o m t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d l o t , t h e c u s p a n d c u s p l e t s a r e s h o r t e r . T h e y r e s e m b l e H . g r a n d i s o r H . a c u l e a t u s a n d c o n f o r m t o a l l o f t h e o v e r a l l d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t e e t h b e l o n g i n g t o t h e O d o n t a s p i d i d a e i f n o t t o t h e g e n u s H y p o t o d u s . T h e y a r e u n d e r 5 . 0 m m w i d e a n d t h e s p r e a d o r s p a n o f t h e c u s p l e t s i s w i d e . T h e c u s p a n d c u s p l e t s a r e s h o r t e r , w i t h 2 t o 3 l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s o n e i t h e r s i d e t h a t a r e s i g m o i d a l . P l i c a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t a t t h e b a s e o f t h e c r o w n , a n d s o m e t e e t h h a v e a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e o n t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e o f t h e r o o t ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h i s t o l o g y o s t e o d o n t ) . 5 8 D i s c u s s i o n — T h e s e t e e t h m a y r e p r e s e n t a n o t h e r s p e c i e s o f H y p o t o d u s o r t e e t h f r o m t h e O d o n t a s p i d i d a e t h a t b e l o n g t o a n o t h e r g e n u s . F a m i l y C R E T O X Y R H I N I D A E s e n s u l a t o G l i k m a n , 1 9 5 8 G e n u s A R C H A E O L A M N A S i v e r s o n , 1 9 9 2 A R C H A E O L A M N A K O P I N G E N S I S ( D a v i s , 1 8 9 0 ) F i g u r e s 3 S a - f , 3 6 a — f , 3 7 a — f , a n d 3 8 a - d M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : ] , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 1 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 3 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 4 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 5 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 6 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 7 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 8 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 9 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 0 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 3 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 4 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 5 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 6 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 1 7 . 6 3 t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 l : 2 . 1 4 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 3 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 4 . 4 5 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T h e t e e t h a r e l a r g e , w i t h a h e i g h t o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 0 . 0 m m , a w i d t h o f 1 0 . 0 m m ( m a x i m u m s i z e f o r t h e a n t e r i o r t e e t h ) , a n d a n o v e r a l l t r i a n g u l a r s h a p e . O n e p a i r o f l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s i s p r e s e n t o n a l l t e e t h , s t r a i g h t a n d e r e c t o n a n t e r i o r t e e t h a n d m o r e fl a r e d o n l a t e r a l a n d p o s t e r i o r t e e t h . T h e r o o t s a r e t h i c k o v e r a l l a n d t h i c k e s t a t t h e l i n g u a l p r o t u b e r a n c e ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h i s t o l o g y o s t e o d o n t ) . P l i c a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t a l o n g t h e b a s e o f t h e c r o w n o n t h e l a b i a l s u r f a c e o f t h e t o o t h . M i n u t e n u t r i t i v e f o r a m i n a c a n s o m e t i m e s b e o b s e r v e d o n t h e r o o t s . D i s c u s s i o n - — A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s w a s o r i g i n a l l y n a m e d L a m n a a r c u a t a b y W o o d w a r d ( 1 8 9 4 ) a n d w a s l a t e r p l a c e d i n t h e g e n u s P l i c a t o l a m n a b y H e r m a n ( 1 9 7 7 ) . H o w e v e r , w h e n p l a c e d i n t h e g e n u s P l i c a t o l a m n a , H e r m a n c i t e d O d o n t a s p i s k o p i n g e n s i s D a v i s , 1 8 9 0 a n d q u e s t i o n e d t h e v a l i d i t y o f W o o d w a r d ’ s i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f L a m n a a r c u a t a . T h i s w a s n o t e x p l o r e d a g a i n u n t i l S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 2 ) . B a s e d o n h i s r e s e a r c h , S i v e r s o n 5 9 ( 1 9 9 2 ) n o w p l a c e s t h i s t a x o n i n a n e w g e n u s h e c r e a t e d , A r c h a e o l a m n a , h a v i n g d i s c o v e r e d t h a t t h e p r e v i o u s n a m e , O d o n t a s p i s k o p i n g e n s i s D a v i s , 1 8 9 0 w a s a t t r i b u t e d t o t h i s s p e c i e s , f o u r y e a r s p r i o r t o W o o d w a r d ( 1 8 9 4 ) . U n d e r t h e r u l e s o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o d e o f Z o o l o g i c a l N o m e n c l a t u r e ( I C Z N ) t h e s p e c i e s n a m e h a s r e v e r t e d b a c k t o k o p i n g e n s i s u n d e r t h e n e w g e n u s A r c h a e o l a m n a ( I C Z N , a r t i c l e 7 9 C [ 2 ] ) . H e r e a f t e r , a l l r e f e r e n c e s t o P l i c a t o l a m n a a r c u a t a a n d / o r t o A . k o p i n g e n s i s i n a l l s o u r c e s c i t e d a n d t h i s c u r r e n t w o r k a r e o n e a n d t h e s a m e . A d d i t i o n a l l y , w h i l e S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 2 ) h a s p r o p o s e d t h a t t w o s u b s p e c i e s o f A . k o p i n g e n s i s e x i s t , A . k . k o p i n g e n s i s a n d A . k . j u d i t h e n s i s , t h e s e n a m e s a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d h e r e . T h e t e e t h a r e f o u n d i n m o s t U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ( S a n t o n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) d e p o s i t s i n t h e U S A . a n d i n E u r o p e ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) a n d w i t h C e n o m a n i a n t o T u r o n i a n o c c u r r e n c e s i n A u s t r a l i a ( S i v e r s o n , 1 9 9 6 a n d K e m p , 1 9 9 1 ) . A d d i t i o n a l n o t e s - M a n y o f t h e t e e t h o f A . k o p i n g e n s i s a r e i n n e a r p r i s t i n e c o n d i t i o n , o t h e r s a r e l e s s p r i s t i n e , a n d o t h e r s s t i l l b r o k e n a n d / o r w o r n . S o m e t e e t h h a v e s o m e d i s c o l o r a t i o n o f t h e e n a m e l i n s t r i a t e p a t t e r n s ( a s s u m i n g t h a t t h e c r o w n s o f e x t i n c t e l a s m o b r a n c h s w e r e o r i g i n a l l y w h i t e t o g r a y i n c o l o r a n d w i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e t a k e o n d i f f e r e n t c o l o r s d u e t o d i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g e n e s i s i n d i f f e r e n t s e d i m e n t s ) . T h e s t r i a t e p a t t e r n s p r e s u m a b l y s h o w t h e o r i g i n a l c o l o r o f t h e e n a m e l w i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e t o o t h u s u a l l y a d a r k b r o w n i n c o l o r . T h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s p o s e d q u e s t i o n s r e g a r d i n g t h e e n a m e l a n d o v e r a l l p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e t e e t h t h a t w i l l b e a d d r e s s e d i n t h e t a p h o m o n y s e c t i o n . 6 0 G e n u s C R E T O L A M N A G l i k m a n , 1 9 5 8 C R E T O I A M N A A P P E N D I C U L A T A A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 F i g u r e s 3 9 a - d M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 9 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 9 2 2 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 9 z 3 . 9 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 9 : 1 a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 9 : 2 . 2 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — — T e e t h o f t h i s s p e c i e s h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l b y C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e ( 1 9 7 5 a ) a n d W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . ( 1 9 9 3 ) . T e e t h h a v e t r i a n g u l a r c u s p s w i t h b r o a d b a s e s a n d l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s ( o n e t o t h r e e p a i r s ) o n e i t h e r s i d e . T h e y a r e o f m e d i u m s i z e a n d c a n b e a s t a l l a s 3 0 . 0 m m , h a v e a s m o o t h e n a m e l o i d c r o w n , a n d a t h i c k r e c t a n g u l a r s h a p e d r o o t l a c k i n g n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e a n d f o r a m i n a ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s w i t h s e c o n d a r y l o s s o f t h e n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e , h i s t o l o g y o s t e o d o n t ) . T h e t e e t h i n t h i s s t u d y a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 . 0 m m t a l l a n d 1 5 . 0 m m w i d e , w i t h 1 p a i r o f l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s , a n d fi t a l l d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s a t t r i b u t e d t o t h i s t a x o n . D i s c u s s i o n — A n e w r e c o r d f o r t h e J R F f a u n a , t h e s p e c i e s i s c o s m o p o l i t a n a n d k n o w n f r o m t h e A l b i a n t o Y p r e s i a n i n E u r o p e , A l b i a n t h r o u g h M a a s t r i c h t i a n i n N o r t h A m e r i c a ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) , t h e C r e t a c e o u s o f J a p a n ( R e s e a r c h G r o u p f o r M e s o z o i c F o s s i l S h a r k s , 1 9 7 7 ) a n d t h e C r e t a c e o u s o f A u s t r a l i a ( K e m p , 1 9 9 1 a n d S i v e r s o n , 1 9 9 6 ) . G e n u s P R O T O L A M N A C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 0 a P R O T O L A M N A S O K O L O V I C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 0 a ( = A R C H A E O L A M N A K O P I N G E N S I S J U D I T H E N S I S o f S i v e r s o n , 1 9 9 2 ) F i g u r e s 4 0 a - f a n d 4 1 a - d 1 9 8 0 a P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i C a p p e t t a , p a g e s 3 2 - 3 4 , fi g u r e 2 1 9 8 7 P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i C a p p e t t a , p a g e s 1 0 2 - 1 0 3 , fi g u r e 9 0 1 9 9 2 A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s k o p i n g e n s i s S i v e r s o n , p a g e s 5 3 1 - 5 3 3 , p l a t e 2 , f i g u r e s 3 - 4 6 1 1 9 9 2 A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s j u d i t h e n s i s S i v e r s o n , p a g e s 5 3 4 , p l a t e 2 , fi g u r e s 1 . 6 - 1 8 1 9 9 3 P r o t o l a m n a a f f . s o k o l o v i W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , p a g e s 1 1 0 - 1 1 1 , fi g u r e s 1 - 9 M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 : ] , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 z 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 : 3 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 z 4 . 8 i n t e r m e d i a t e ( ? ) t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 8 : l a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 8 : 2 . 2 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T h e t e e t h i n t h i s s t u d y a r e b e l i e v e d t o b e i n t e r m e d i a t e t e e t h d u e t o t h e i r s m a l l s i z e ( m a x i m u m h e i g h t i s 1 0 . 0 m m s e e n o n o n e s p e c i m e n , a l l o t h e r s a r e 5 . 0 m m t a l l o r s h o r t e r ) , w i t h t a l l c u s p s , a n d a “ k i n k e d ” a p p e a r a n c e t o t h e c u s p s . T h i s s p e c i e s w a s fi r s t d e s c r i b e d b y C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 8 0 a ) f r o m t h e U p p e r A p t i a n o f s o u t h e r n F r a n c e . T h e t e e t h h a v e a p r o p o r t i o n a l l y l a r g e r o o t a n d s m a l l b r o a d - b a s e d s t r a i g h t c r o w n ( a n t e r i o r t e e t h ) . A d d i t i o n a l l y , t h e r o o t a n d t h e c r o w n a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l i n h e i g h t . O v e r a l l t o o t h s i z e c a n b e u p t o 2 0 . 0 m m t a l l . P l i c a t i o n s a n d e n a m e l o i d f o l d s m a y b e p r e s e n t o n t h e fl a t l a b i a l s u r f a c e o f t h e c r o w n . S i n g l e c u s p l e t s a r e p r e s e n t o n e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e m a i n c u s p , s i t u a t e d l o w o n t h e c r o w n , a n d w i d e l y s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e m a i n c u s p i n l i n g u a l v i e w . T h e r o o t l a c k s a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ( o r r a r e l y h a s a s h o r t s m a l l o n e ) a n d f o r a m i n a ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s w i t h s e c o n d a r y l o s s o f t h e n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e a n d o s t e o d o n t h i s t o l o g y ) . D i s c u s s i o n — T h e t a x o n i s a n e w r e c o r d f o r t h e J R F , u n l e s s i t s h o u l d p r o v e t o b e a s u b s p e c i e s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a ; t e e t h w i t h a s i m i l a r m o r p h o l o g y h a v e b e e n a t t r i b u t e d t o t h i s g e n u s i n r e c e n t p a p e r s a n d h a v e c r e a t e d s o m e c o n f u s i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e p r o p e r d e s i g n a t i o n o f t e e t h a s a s s i g n e d b y C a s e i n 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 8 7 . T h e r e i s s o m e c o n f u s i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e t a x o n o m i c s t a t u s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s k o p i n g e n s i s a n d o t h e r s u b s p e c i e s s i n c e S i v e r s o n ’ s w o r k i n 1 9 9 2 . S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 2 ) 6 2 r e v i e w e d C a s e ’ s w o r k ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 8 7 ) a n d d e c i d e d t h a t w h e n C a s e i d e n t i fi e d P l i c a t o l a m n a a r c u a t a i t w a s i n f a c t a s u b s p e c i e s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a . H e h a s s i n c e r e n a m e d t h e s p e c i e s a s A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s j u d i t h e n s i s S i v e r s o n 1 9 9 2 . T h e v a l i d i t y o f t h i s s u b s p e c i e s d e s i g n a t i o n i s d u b i o u s g i v e n t h e u n d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n p r o v i d e d b y S i v e r s o n . T h e d e s c r i p t i o n , a l o n g w i t h t h e i m a g e s p r o v i d e d i n S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 2 ) s h o w t h a t t h e r e i s v e r y l i t t l e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e t w o s u b s p e c i e s t h a t h e h a s c o n s t r u c t e d ( a n y d i f f e r e n c e s c o u l d b e a t t r i b u t e d t o n o r m a l v a r i a t i o n w i t h i n t h e s p e c i e s ) . F o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s s t u d y t h e t w o s u b s p e c i e s a r e c o n s i d e r e d t h e s a m e t a x o n a n d t r e a t e d h e r e a s A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s ( D a v i s , 1 8 9 0 ) . A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s k o p i n g e n s i s a n d / o r A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s j u d i t h e n s i s a r e t h e r e f o r e r e f e r r e d t o A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s ( t h e r e f o r e C a s e ’ s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s [ 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 8 7 ] a r e c o r r e c t ) . F o l l o w i n g f r o m t h e a b o v e , t h e i s s u e o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i c a n t h e n b e a d d r e s s e d . O v e r a l l d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e g e n e r a A r c h a e o l a m n a a s n o t e d b y S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 2 ) a n d P r o t o l a m n a ( u t i l i z i n g P r o t o l a m n a d e s c r i p t i o n s b y C a p p e t t a [ 1 9 8 0 a ] w h i c h a r e a l s o i n C a p p e t t a [ 1 9 8 7 ] a n d W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h [ 1 9 9 3 ] ) s e e m t o a d e q u a t e l y s e p a r a t e t h e t w o t a x a f r o m e a c h o t h e r . H o w e v e r , i n S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 2 ) s o m e o f t h e t e e t h l a b e l l e d a s A . k . k o p i n g e n s i s a n d A . k . j u d i t h e n s i s ( a s p a r a / s y m p h y s e a l t e e t h ) m o r e c l o s e l y c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e d e s c r i p t i o n s o f P . s o k o l o v i t h a n t o e i t h e r o f S i v e r s o n ’ s d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e s u b s p e c i e s o f A . k . k o p i n g e n s i s o r A . k . j u d i t h e n s i s . I f t h e s e t e e t h b e l o n g t o P . s o k o l o v i , i t i s a n e w t a x o n f o r t h e J R F a n d a g e o g r a p h i c r a n g e e x t e n s i o n f o r t h e t a x o n . I f , h o w e v e r 6 3 s u b s e q u e n t r e s e a r c h e r s d e c i d e t h e t e e t h b e l o n g t o A . k o p i n g e n s i s , t h e n t h e y a r e t h e fi r s t p a r a / s y m p h y s e a l t e e t h o f A . k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a . D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d a g e f o r P . s o k o l o v i a r e U p p e r A p t i a n t o A l b i a n , l o w e r C r e t a c e o u s , E u r o p e , f o r m e r S o v i e t U n i o n , N o r t h A m e r i c a ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) , w i t h o c c u r r e n c e s i n t h e A l b i a n o f T e x a s ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) , a n d n o w e x t e n d e d t o t h e C a m p a n i a n o f M o n t a n a i f t h e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n s u g g e s t e d h e r e i n i s c o r r e c t . T h e P r o t o l a m n a g e n u s d o e s o c c u r i n C a m p a n i a n a n d M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f T e x a s ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) s o i t w o u l d n o t i m p r o b a b l e t o fi n d P . s o k o l o v i i n t h e C a m p a n i a n o f M o n t a n a . O r d e r C A R C H A R H I N I F O R M E S C o m p a g n o , 1 9 7 3 F a m i l y T R I A K I D A E G r a y , 1 8 5 1 G e n u s A R C H A E O T R I A K I S C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a A R C H A E O T R I A K I S R O C H E L L E A E C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a F i g u r e s 4 2 a - d M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 3 : 1 a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 3 z 2 . 2 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — C a s e ’ s d i a g n o s i s f o r t h i s g e n u s a n d s p e c i e s a r e t e e t h o f m i n u t e s i z e w i t h t o o t h h e i g h t l e s s t h a n 0 . 5 m i l l i m e t e r s a n d a n o v e r a l l r o b u s t s t r u c t u r e ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) . T h e t r i c u s p i d c r o w n i s b r o a d a n d t h i c k a n d c o n s i s t s o f a s t r a i g h t c e n t r a l b u l k y c u s p w i t h a fl a n k i n g p a i r o f w i d e l y d i v e r g i n g l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e r a t h e r s m o o t h s u r f a c e o f t h e l i n g u a l f a c e l a c k s a l i n g u a l p r o t u b e r a n c e w h i l e t h e l a b i a l f a c e d i s p l a y s r i d g e s o r “ p l e a t s ” ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) t h a t a r e d i r e c t e d v e r t i c a l l y a l o n g t h e c e n t r a l c u s p a n d l a t e r a l c u s p l e t s w i t h l e s s e r r i d g e s o r f o l d s i n b e t w e e n ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l o a u l a c o r h i z o u s . 6 4 D i s c u s s i o n — T h e s y s t e m a t i c p l a c e m e n t o f A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e h a s b e e n p r o b l e m a t i c s i n c e i t w a s fi r s t e r e c t e d . I n i t i a l l y C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) p l a c e d t h e s p e c i e s i n t h e F a m i l y P s e u d o t r i a k i d a e ( B r i t o C a p e l l o , 1 8 6 7 * ) , b u t C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 8 7 ) p l a c e d t h e m i n t h e F a m i l y T r i a k i d a e a n d T r i b e T r i a k i n i G r a y , 1 8 5 1 . H o w e v e r , C a p p e t t a a c k n o w l e d g e d t h a t p l a c e m e n t w i t h i n T r i a k i n i a t t h a t t i m e w a s h y p o t h e t i c a l ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e c u r r e n t r a n g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f A . r o c h e l l e a e , t h e t y p e s p e c i e s , i s U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f N o r t h A m e r i c a , w i t h t h e fi r s t o c c u r r e n c e f r o m t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , M o n t a n a ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . O r d e r R A J I F O R M E S B e r g , 1 9 4 0 F a m i l y H Y P S O B A T I D A E C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 2 G e n u s P R O T O P L A T Y R H I N A C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a P R O T O P L A T Y R H I N A R E N A E C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a F i g u r e s 4 3 a - m a n d 4 4 a - i M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 3 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : l l z 4 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 5 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 2 6 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 2 7 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 8 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 9 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 0 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 1 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 3 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 4 . 5 7 4 t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 4 : 1 . 4 6 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 3 , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 4 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 5 . 4 4 5 t e e t h . W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 5 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 6 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 7 . 2 8 0 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 4 : 2 . 2 8 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 2 6 , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 7 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 8 . 2 2 0 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . D e s c r i p t i o n - — C a s e ’ s ( 1 9 7 8 a ) d i a g n o s i s f o r t h i s g e n u s a n d s p e c i e s i s t e e t h o f s m a l l s i z e r a n g i n g f r o m 0 . 2 5 m m t o 2 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r a n d 0 . 7 5 m m i n h e i g h t . O v e r a l l c r o w n * T h e w o r k C a s e r e f e r s t o i s a c t u a l l y d e B r i t o C a p e l l o , 1 8 6 7 o r 1 8 6 8 , h o w e v e r P s e u d o t r i a k i d a e i s fi r s t d e s c r i b e d b y G i l l ( 1 8 9 3 ) e m e n d e d f r o m S c y l l i o r h i n i d a e b y J o r d a n a n d E v e r r n a n n ( 1 8 9 6 ) , a n d n o t b y d e B r i t o C a p e l l o a s C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) s t a t e d . 6 5 s h a p e i s t h i c k , s m o o t h , a n d r h o m b o d i c t o h e x a g o n a l ( w i t h t h e s i d e s o f t h e t e e t h b e i n g i n t e r l o c k i n g f a c e s o r f a c e t s ) o r c i r c u l a r t o o v a l ( o r o b l o n g ) i n o c c l u s a l v i e w . L a r g e f o r a m i n a a r e p r e s e n t o n l a t e r a l f a c e t s l o c a t e d d i r e c t l y b e l o w t h e c r o w n ’ s e n a m e l o i d a p r o n . A m e d i a l f u r r o w i s p r e s e n t i n b a s a l v i e w ( t h e r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , a n d h i s t o l o g y o r t h o d o n t ) . T e e t h c o l l e c t e d f o r t h i s s t u d y r a n g e f r o m 0 . 2 5 m m t o 2 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r a r e c i r c u l a r ( i n a d d i t i o n t o o v a l a n d r h o m b i c ) i n o c c l u s a l v i e w a n d e x h i b i t a l l c h a r a c t e r s i n C a s e ’ s d i a g n o s i s e x c e p t f o r t h e f o r a m i n a ( w h i c h m a y b e o b s c u r e d b y m a t r i x ) . T h e r e a r e a l s o s e v e r a l t e e t h t h a t d o n o t h a v e t h e r o o t p r e s e r v e d . C a s e a l s o d e s c r i b e d d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s o f P . r e n a e , f o u n d i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h P . r e n a e t e e t h , w h i c h a r e s m a l l a n d l o o k r a t h e r b u t t o n l i k e . D e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a p p e a r a s i n v e r t e d m u s h r o o m s a n d a r e j u s t o v e r 1 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r . D i s c u s s i o n - — A f t e r m u c h a m b i g u i t y o n t a x o n o m i c p l a c e m e n t , f r o m R h i n o b a t i d a e ( M fi l l e r a n d H e n l e , 1 8 3 8 ) t o P l a t y r h i n i d a e ( J o r d a n , 1 9 2 3 ) , C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 9 2 ) a s s i g n e d P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a t o t h e f a m i l y H y p s o b a t i d a e ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 2 ) . . A g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i s t h e J R F , C a m p a n i a n , U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s M o n t a n a , U . S . A . ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) , M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f T e x a s ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) , K e m p F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r M a a s t r i c h t i a n n o r t h - e a s t e r n T e x a s ( C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 7 ) , a s w e l l a s t h e T e a p o t S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r , “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n , W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) , a n d t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n , U p p e r C a m p a n i a n A l b e r t a , C a n a d a ( B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l , 1 9 9 9 ) . F a m i l y R H I N O B A T I D A E M u l l e r a n d H e n l e , 1 8 3 8 G e n u s S Q U A T I R H I N A C a s i e r , 1 9 4 7 b S Q U A T I R H I N A s p . F i g u r e s 4 5 a — b 6 6 M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 3 : 1 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 3 z 2 . 1 3 t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — F i r s t d e s c r i b e d b y C a s i e r ( 1 9 4 7 b ) , t e e t h o f t h i s g e n u s a r e s m a l l , u p t o 5 . 0 m m t a l l a n d 1 . 5 m m w i d e . T h e y h a v e a d i s t i n c t c u s p i d a t e c r o w n , b u l b o u s l i n g u a l p r o t u b e r a n c e , a n d s c a l l o p e d c r o w n m a r g i n . T h e r o o t h a s a t r i a n g u l a r o u t l i n e , a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h i s t o l o g y o r t h o d o n t ) a n d f o r a m i n a o n t h e r o o t ( v e r y s i m i l a r i n o v e r a l l a p p e a r a n c e t o C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i a n d / o r E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s b u t t h e c u s p i s m o r e r e c u r v e d i n S q u a t i r h i n a t h a n i n C . o l s o n i o r E . m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s ) . T e e t h c o l l e c t e d h e r e f a l l w i t h i n t h e s i z e r a n g e , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 . 0 m m t a l l a n d 1 . 0 m m w i d e , a n d f o r a m i n a a r e e i t h e r l a c k i n g o r o b s c u r e d b y m a t r i x . D i s c u s s i o n - T h e k n o w n a g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e g e n u s r a n g e s f r o m t h e T u r o n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f E u r o p e ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . E s t e s ( 1 9 6 4 ) n a m e d a s p e c i e s o f S q u a t i r h i n a f r o m t h e L a n c e F o r m a t i o n o f W y o m i n g a n d l a t e r r e c o r d e d a n o c c u r r e n c e o f S q u a t i r h i n a f r o m t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n , M o n t a n a ( E s t e s e t a l . , 1 9 6 9 ) . S q u a t i r h i n a h a s a l s o b e e n f o u n d i n t h e W e n o F o r m a t i o n ( A l b i a n ) i n T a r r a n t C o u n t y a n d t h e P e p p e r F o r m a t i o n ( C e n o m a n i a n ) i n B e l l C o u n t y , T e x a s ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) , a n d i n t h e T e a p o t S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r , “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n ( U p p e r C a m p a n i a n ) , W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h e m a t e r i a l n o t e d h e r e i s t h e fi r s t n o t i c e o f S q u a t i r h i n a f o r t h e J R F , M o n t a n a . S u b o r d e r S C L E R O R H Y N C H O I D E I C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 0 b F a m i l y S C L E R O R H Y N C H I D A E C a p p e t t a , 1 9 7 4 G e n u s I S C H Y R H I Z A L e i d y , 1 8 5 6 b I S C H Y R H I Z A A V O N I C O L A E s t e s , 1 9 6 4 6 7 M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 2 . 1 b r o k e n r o s t r a l t o o t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — R o s t r a l t e e t h a r e s m a l l a n d s h o r t w i t h t h e c r o w n l e s s t h a n h a l f t h e t o o t h h e i g h t a n d w i t h a c o n v e x a n t e r i o r c u t t i n g r i d g e e x t e n d i n g f r o m a p e x t o t h e c r o w n f o o t . T h e r o o t i s w i d e l y s p l a y e d a n d e x p a n d s c o n t i n u o u s l y f r o m t h e c r o w n f o o t t o t h e b a s e . O r a l t e e t h o f t h i s s p e c i e s a r e v e r y s m a l l ( l e s s t h a n 2 . 0 m m w i d e ) a n d a p p e a r v e r y m u c h l i k e o t h e r s c l e r o r h y n c h i d o r a l t e e t h . T h e c r o w n i s a r o u n d e d a p i c a l e d g e w i t h o u t a d i s t i n c t c u s p . T h e y h a v e a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h i s t o l o g y o r t h o d o n t ) . O n l y o n e r o s t r a l t o o t h w a s c o l l e c t e d . T h e t o o t h i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 . 0 m m i n l e n g t h . B e c a u s e m o s t o r a l t e e t h o f b a t o i d s a r e d i f fi c u l t t o i d e n t i f y w i t h o u t a s s o c i a t e d r o s t r a l t e e t h a n d / o r c l e a r d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s , a n y o r a l t e e t h f r o m F a m i l y S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n t h i s s t u d y a r e i d e n t i fi e d a s P t y c h o r r y g o n h o o v e r i , P . t r i a n g u l a r i s , o r S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . D i s c u s s i o n — F o u n d i n w e s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a n L a t e C r e t a c e o u s f a u n a s , t h e a g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e s p e c i e s i s L a t e C r e t a c e o u s ( T u r o n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . I S C H Y R H I Z A M I R A L e i d y , 1 8 5 6 b F i g u r e s 4 6 a - c M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l r o s t r a l t e e t h S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 2 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 : 3 , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : l 4 z 4 . 6 3 r o s t r a l t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 2 5 . 6 6 r o s t r a l t e e t h / p i e c e s . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 2 . 3 4 r o s t r a l t e e t h / p i e c e s . 6 8 D e s c r i p t i o n - R o s t r a l t e e t h a r e l a t e r a l l y c o m p r e s s e d , s l i g h t l y s i g m o i d a l , a n d a s l o n g a s 6 0 . 0 m m . T h e c r o w n i s t h i c k w i t h s m o o t h e n a m e l o i d , a n d t e n d s t o b e s h o r t e r t h a n t h e r o o t , w i t h s h a r p a n t e r i o r a n d p o s t e r i o r c u t t i n g e d g e s . O r a l t e e t h o f t h i s s p e c i e s a r e s m a l l , u p t o 7 . 0 m m w i d e a n d w i t h t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f t y p i c a l s c l e r o r h y n c h i d o r a l t e e t h . T h e y h a v e c u s p i d a t e c r o w n s , a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s a n d o r t h o d o n t h i s t o l o g y ) , a n d f o r a m i n a . O n l y r o s t r a l t e e t h w e r e r e c o v e r e d , w i t h l e n g t h s o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 5 . 0 m m , a n d a l l l a c k t h e r o o t s . D i s c u s s i o n — F o u n d i n m a n y N o r t h A m e r i c a n L a t e C r e t a c e o u s f a u n a s ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) , t h e a g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e s p e c i e s i s L a t e C r e t a c e o u s ( T u r o n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) ; t h e F o r e m o s t F o r m a t i o n , C a m p a n i a n o f A l b e r t a , C a n a d a ( S t o r e r a n d J o h n s o n , 1 9 7 4 ) ; t h e B l a c k C r e e k F o r m a t i o n , C a m p a n i a n , N o r t h C a r o l i n a ( R o b b , 1 9 8 9 ) ; a n d t h e M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f M a r y l a n d ( H a r t s t e i n a n d D e c i n a , 1 9 8 6 ) . G e n u s P T Y C H O T R Y G O N J a e k e l , 1 8 9 4 P T Y C H O T R Y G O N H O O V E R ] M c N u l t y a n d S l a u g h t e r , 1 9 7 2 F i g u r e s 4 7 a - d M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 5 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 5 : 2 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 5 : 3 . 1 0 o r a l t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 z 6 . 1 o r a l t o o t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 3 . 5 o r a l t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — M c N u l t y a n d S l a u g h t e r ( 1 9 7 2 ) d e s c r i b e t h e s e t e e t h a s s m a l l , b e t w e e n 1 . 0 a n d 2 . 0 m m w i d e a n d t a l l , a n d w i t h h i g h , n a r r o w , t r i a n g u l a r c u s p i d a t e s m o o t h c r o w n s w i t h l i t t l e o r n o o r n a m e n t a t i o n . R o o t i s t r i a n g u l a r i n o u t l i n e a n d w i t h a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e 6 9 ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h i s t o l o g y o r t h o d o n t ) . T e e t h c o l l e c t e d i n t h i s s t u d y e x h i b i t a l l f e a t u r e s a s d e s c r i b e d . D i s c u s s i o n — A g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e E a g l e F o r d F o r m a t i o n , L a t e T u r o n i a n , L a t e C r e t a c e o u s , D a l l a s a r e a , T e x a s , U S A . ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) , a s w e l l a s t h e P e p p e r a n d W o o d b i n e F o r m a t i o n s ( C e n o m a n i a n ) , a n d t h e A t c o F o r m a t i o n o f t h e A u s t i n G r o u p ( C o n i a c i a n ) ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . P T Y C H O T R Y G O N T R I A N G U L A R I S R e u s s , 1 8 4 4 F i g u r e s 4 8 a - b M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 6 : 1 a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 6 2 2 . 3 o r a l t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 7 . 1 o r a l t o o t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 4 . 6 o r a l t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T e e t h a r e s m a l l , b e t w e e n 1 . 0 a n d 3 . 0 m m w i d e a n d 1 . 0 a n d 2 . 0 m m t a l l , w i t h h i g h t r i a n g u l a r c r o w n s w i t h t h r e e p r o m i n e n t s e p a r a t e t r a n s v e r s e r i d g e s a l o n g t h e l i n g u a l f a c e . R o o t i s t r i a n g u l a r i n o u t l i n e a n d h a s a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , o r t h o d o n t h i s t o l o g y ) . T e e t h c o l l e c t e d e x h i b i t a l l f e a t u r e s a s d e s c r i b e d . D i s c u s s i o n - — A g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i n c l u d e s t h e W o o d b i n e a n d P e p p e r f o r m a t i o n s ( C e n o m a n i a n ) , E a g l e F o r d G r o u p ( C e n o m a n i a n t o T u r o n i a n ) , A u s t i n G r o u p ( C o n i a c i a n t o S a n t o n i a n ) , a n d t h e T a y l o r a n d N a v a r r o g r o u p s ( C a m p a n i a n a n d M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) i n T e x a s ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) ; U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ( C o n i a c i a n ) o f t h e D a l t o n S a n d s t o n e o f C e n t r a l N e w M e x i c o ( J o h n s o n a n d L u c a s , 2 0 0 1 ) ; a n d T u r o n i a n , L a t e C r e t a c e o u s , i n w h a t u s e d t o b e B o h e m i a , C z e c h o s l o v a k i a ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) n o w m o d e r n d a y C z e c h R e p u b l i c . 7 0 A l s o o c c u r s i n t h e T u r o n i a n o f S o u t h D a k o t a ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 7 3 ) a n d t h e C e n o m a n i a n - T u r o n i a n o f A r i z o n a ( W i l l i a m s o n , e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ) . S C L E R O R H Y N C H H D A E i n d e t . F i g u r e s 4 9 a - f a n d 5 0 a - c M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : l 7 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 2 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 3 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 4 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 5 ( p a r t i a l g o l d c o a t i n g ) . a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 2 6 . 2 5 o r a l t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 8 . 5 o r a l t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 5 . 6 o r a l t e e t h . D e s c r i p t i o n — T e e t h a r e s m a l l , u p t o 5 . 0 m m w i d e . O v e r a l l a p p e a r a n c e s u p e r fi c i a l l y r e s e m b l e s P t y c h o t r y g o n o r I s c h y r h i z a . T h e r e i s n o o r n a m e n t a t i o n , t h e c r o w n i s t r i a n g u l a r a n d c u s p i d a t e , a n d t h e r o o t h a s a n u t r i t i v e g r o o v e ( r o o t s t r u c t u r e i s h o l a u l a c o r h i z o u s , h i s t o l o g y o r t h o d o n t ) . T e e t h a r e m u c h l a r g e r a n d m o r e r o b u s t t h a n P . h o o v e r i o r P . t r i a n g u l a r i s . D i s c u s s i o n — T h e s e c o u l d b e t e e t h o f I s c h y r h i z a , i n p a r t i c u l a r I . m i r a o r I . s c h n e i d e r i ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 3 ) , b u t s o m e t e e t h a l s o r e s e m b l e O n c h o p r i s i t i s d u n k l e i ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 2 ) . T h e y a r e a l l o f a p p r o p r i a t e s i z e a n d o v e r a l l s h a p e t o b e c l a s s i fi e d a s a s c l e r o r h y n c h i d . O r d e r M Y L I O B A T I F O R M E S C o m p a g n o , 1 9 7 3 F a m i l y D A S Y A T I D A E B e r g , 1 9 5 8 G e n u s M Y L E D A P H U S C o p e , 1 8 7 6 a M Y L E D A P H U S B I P A R T I T U S C o p e , 1 8 7 6 a F i g u r e s 5 1 a - h M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 z l , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 2 ( g o l d c o a t e d ) , a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 3 . 1 2 7 1 t e e t h / p i e c e s . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 9 : 1 . 5 t e e t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : i n d i v i d u a l t o o t h S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 6 z l . 1 t o o t h . W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n i n d i v i d u a l d e r m a l d e n t i c l e , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 4 a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 z 5 . 1 2 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 9 : 2 . l d e r m a l d e n t i c l e . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 6 : 2 . 2 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . D e s c r i p t i o n — F i r s t d e s c r i b e d a n d n a m e d b y C o p e ( 1 8 7 6 a ) , d i s c o v e r e d i n 1 8 7 6 b y S t e m b e r g i n t h e J R F . C o p e ’ s o r i g i n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s h o w s t e e t h o f h e x a g o n a l o u t l i n e a n d c r o w n s m o l a r i f o r r n i n s t r u c t u r e ( t r u n c a t e ) , w i d e r t h a n l o n g a n d p o s i t i o n e d o n t h e r o o t s i n a t a b l e - l i k e f a s h i o n . E s t e s ( 1 9 6 4 ) m a d e f u r t h e r o b s e r v a t i o n s w h i l e s t u d y i n g t h e L a n c e F o r m a t i o n f a u n a i n W y o m i n g . T e e t h u p t o 7 . 0 m m w i d e , t e n d i n g t o d i s p l a y w r i n k l e s o n t h e s i d e s o f t h e c r o w n . O v e r a l l o u t l i n e i s r h o m b i c t o h e x a g o n a l w i t h t h e s m a l l e r t e e t h m o r e i r r e g u l a r i n s h a p e , m o r e e l o n g a t e a n d n a r r o w , a n d l a c k i n g w r i n k l e s ( C o p e , 1 8 7 6 a ) . M o s t o f t h e t e e t h c o l l e c t e d h e r e a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 . 0 t o 2 . 0 m m t a l l a n d w i d e a n d d i s p l a y t h e r h o m b i c o u t l i n e . T h e y a r e n o t a s l a r g e o r r o b u s t a s t y p i c a l M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t e e t h , h o w e v e r t h e y d o fi t t h e o v e r a l l m o r p h o l o g i c a l c r i t e r i a f o r t h e s p e c i e s ( a s d e t e r m i n e d b y E s t e s , 1 9 6 4 ) , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r t h e s m a l l e r t e e t h . T h e r e i s , h o w e v e r , o n e t o o t h , f r o m P P F ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 6 z l ) t h a t i s l a r g e r a n d c l o s e r t o t h e s i z e r a n g e a s o r i g i n a l l y d e s c r i b e d b y C o p e ( 1 8 7 6 a ) . D e r m a l d e n t i c l e s , a s d e s c r i b e d a n d i l l u s t r a t e d i n E s t e s ( 1 9 6 4 ) w e r e a l s o f o u n d , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r . T h e d e n t i c l e s a r e r o u n d , o v a l i n s h a p e i n d o r s a l v i e w , a n d c o n i c a l i n p r o fi l e v i e w w i t h r i d g e s t h a t r u n f r o m t h e a p e x o f t h e d e n t i c l e t o t h e b a s a l e d g e . D i s c u s s i o n — A s a l r e a d y m e n t i o n e d , m o s t o f t h e t e e t h c o l l e c t e d d o n o t fi t t h e n o r m a l s i z e c r i t e r i a o f M . b i p a r t i t u s b u t i t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t S a h n i ( 1 9 7 2 ) a n d C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) f o u n d 7 2 t e e t h t h e y i d e n t i fi e d a s M . b i p a r t i t u s t h a t w e r e b e t w e e n 2 . 0 a n d 5 . 0 m m i n s i z e . I f t h e s e t e e t h a r e n o t s m a l l M . b i p a r t i t u s t e e t h t h e n t h e y a r e p o s s i b l y a n o t h e r s p e c i e s o f M y l e d a p h u s , a s t h e y e x h i b i t t h e s t r o n g r h o m b i c o u t l i n e . T h e s e t e e t h c o u l d a l s o p e r t a i n t o t h e R h o m b o d o n t i d a e , w h i c h a r e s i m i l a r l y r h o m b i c . M . b i p a r t i t u s i s q u i t e a b u n d a n t i n L a t e C r e t a c e o u s N o r t h A m e r i c a ( W y o m i n g , M o n t a n a , N e w M e x i c o , a n d S a s k a t c h e w a n ) . A g e a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n i n c l u d e s C r e t a c e o u s o f N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d t h e f o r m e r S o v i e t U n i o n ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . S u b c l a s s S U B T E R B R A N C H I A L I A Z a n g e r l , 1 9 7 9 S u p e r o r d e r H O L O C E P H A L I B o n a p a r t e , 1 8 3 2 O r d e r C H I M A E R I F O R M E S O b r u c h e v , 1 9 5 3 S u b o r d e r C H I M A E R O I D E I P a t t e r s o n , 1 9 6 5 F a m i l y C A L L O R H Y N C H I D A E G a r m a n , 1 9 0 1 G e n u s I S C H Y O D U S E g e r t o n , 1 8 4 3 F i g u r e 5 2 M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t a n d i n d i v i d u a l p i e c e s , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 3 : 1 a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 3 2 2 . 3 5 p a r t i a l t o o t h p l a t e s . D e s c r i p t i o n — P i e c e s o f t o o t h p l a t e s a r e t o o f r a g m e n t a r y a n d f r i a b l e f o r p o s i t i v e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n b e y o n d t h e g e n u s l e v e l a n d j a w p o s i t i o n . H o w e v e r , t h e y m a y r e p r e s e n t o n e o f t w o s p e c i e s f o u n d b y C a s e ( 1 9 7 9 ) f r o m t h e J R F i n 1 9 7 8 , I s c h y o d u s b i f u r c a t u s C a s e 1 9 7 8 b o r E l a s m o d u s c f . E . g r e e n o u g h i A g a s s i z , 1 8 4 3 . F r a g m e n t s r e c o v e r e d m o r e c l o s e l y r e s e m b l e t o o t h p l a t e s o f t h e g e n u s I s c h y o d u s t h a n t h o s e b e l o n g i n g t o E l a s m o d u s , w i t h p i e c e s c o n t a i n i n g t h e s a m e p i t t e d o r p u n c t a t e o c c l u s a l s u r f a c e t e x t u r e o f t h e t o o t h p l a t e s a s I s c h y o d u s . U n f o r t u n a t e l y n o r e a l s y s t e m a t i c c o m p a r i s o n s c a n b e d o n e d u e t o t h e f r a g m e n t a r y n a t u r e o f t h e s p e c i m e n s . I f , h o w e v e r , t h e p i e c e s b e l o n g t o E l a s m o d u s , t h e s y s t e m a t i c p l a c e m e n t c h a n g e s t o t h e F a m i l y R h i n o c h i m a e r i d a e . 7 3 D i s c u s s i o n — M o d e r n d a y c h i m a e r i d s a r e t y p i c a l l y d e e p - s e a f o r m s , a n d i t i s u s u a l l y i n f e r r e d t h a t e x t i n c t c h i m a e r i d s a l s o i n h a b i t e d d e e p - w a t e r e n v i r o n m e n t s . H o w e v e r , m o s t f o s s i l c h i m a e r i d s a r e f o u n d i n s h a l l o w m a r i n e d e p o s i t s ( m u c h l i k e t h e J R F ) , p e r h a p s t h r o u g h p o s t m o r t e m t r a n s p o r t . T o o t h p l a t e s t r u c t u r e i n d i c a t e s t h a t c h i m a e r i d s w e r e d u r o p h a g u s . I s c h y o d u s b i f u r c a t u s i s f o u n d i n U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ( U p p e r S a n t o n i a n t o M i d d l e M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) d e p o s i t s o f N e w J e r s e y a n d D e l a w a r e , t h e C a m p a n i a n d e p o s i t s o f A r k a n s a s , C a l i f o r n i a , a n d M o n t a n a ; C a m p a n i a n o f B e l g i u m , m i d - C a m p a n i a n o f G e o r g i a , a n d t h e C a m p a n i a n o f t h e V o l g o g r a d r e g i o n o f R u s s i a ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) . E l a s m o d u s g r e e n o u g h i i s k n o w n f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f B e l g i u m a n d t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a ( S t a h l , 1 9 9 9 ) . C H O N D R I C H T H Y E S i n d e t . M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 1 : 1 a n d S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 1 : 2 . 6 1 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 1 0 . 1 2 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 9 . 6 1 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . D e s c r i p t i o n - D e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a r e m o s t l y v e r y p o i n t e d a n d c o n i c a l l i k e t h o s e o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s , h o w e v e r , m a n y h a v e a “ k i n k ” i n t h e c o n e t h a t M . b i p a r t i t u s d o e s n o t s e e m t o p o s s e s s . T h e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a r e a l s o m u c h s m a l l e r t h a n M . b i p a r t i t u s , r o u g h l y t h e s i z e o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e . T h e d e n t i c l e s m i g h t c o m e f r o m s h a r k s a n d / o r s k a t e s a n d r a y s a n d p o s s i b l y e v e n f r o m c h i m a e r i d s , b u t b e c a u s e t h e r e h a s b e e n l i t t l e i n t e r e s t i n d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ( C a p p e t t a [ 1 9 8 7 ] a t t r i b u t e d t h i s l a c k o f i n t e r e s t t o t h e s m a l l s i z e o f t h e d e n t i c l e s ) t h e r e i s v e r y l i t t l e c o m p a r a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e . A r e c e n t s t u d y b y H e r m a n e t a l . ( 1 9 9 5 ) c o n c e n t r a t e d m o s t l y o n t e e t h b u t a l s o i n c l u d e d s o m e i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s i n a s e r i e s o f p a p e r s o n t h e B a t o m o r p h i i . A 7 4 f a u n a l s t u d y b y D e s l a t e e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) e x a m i n e d d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s t h a t a r e b e l i e v e d t o b e l o n g t o s h a r k s a n d c h i m a e r o i d s . H o w e v e r , d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s i d e n t i fi e d i n t h e s e s t u d i e s d i d n o t c o r r e s p o n d w i t h a n y o f t h e m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d i n t h e c u r r e n t s t u d y . D i s c u s s i o n - D e r m a l d e n t i c l e s c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m i n A r i z o n a ( W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ) w e r e s e p a r a t e d i n t o fi v e c a t e g o r i e s ( t y p e s A - E ) b a s e d o n d i f f e r e n t m o r p h o l o g i e s . S o m e o f t h e u n i d e n t i f i e d d e n t i c l e s i n t h i s J R F c o l l e c t i o n s u p e r fi c i a l l y r e s e m b l e s o m e o f t h e G r e e n h o r n d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ( t y p e s A a n d B ) — n a m e l y t h e “ k i n k e d ” c o n e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . ( 1 9 9 3 ) w e r e n o t a b l e t o i d e n t i f y t h e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a n y f u r t h e r d u e t o l a c k o f a s s o c i a t e d t e e t h . B y d r a w i n g o n C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a ) a n d C a p p e t t a ( 1 9 8 7 ) , W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . c o n j e c t u r e d t h a t t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s w e r e b a t o i d i n o r i g i n , p o s s i b l y f r o m b a t o i d s f o u n d i n t h e i r s t u d y ( I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , I . m i r a , I . s c h n e i d e r i , O n c h o p r i s t i s d u n k l e i , P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a h o p i i , a n d P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s m c n u l t y i ) ( W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ) . A s i m i l a r c o n c l u s i o n m a y b e d r a w n f o r t h e J R F a s t h e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a r e n o t a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a n y p a r t i c u l a r t e e t h a n d s e e m m o r e b a t o i d i n a p p e a r a n c e w h e n c o m p a r e d t o t h e c u r r e n t l i t e r a t u r e . A d d i t i o n a l s t u d i e s b y G r a v e n d e e l e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) , D e s l a t e e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) , D e y n a t a n d S é r e t ( 1 9 9 6 ) , a n d D e y n a t ( 1 9 9 8 a n d 2 0 0 0 a - b ) h a v e d e v e l o p e d n e w t e r m i n o l o g y t o d e s c r i b e t h e w i d e r a n g e o f v a r i e t i e s a n d m o r p h o l o g i e s s e e n i n d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s . T h e a i m i n t h e s e s t u d i e s h a s b e e n t o t r y t o d e v e l o p a n o m e n c l a t u r e f o r t h e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a s f o r t e e t h f o r t a x o n o m i c a n d i d e n t i f y i n g p u r p o s e s . G r a v e n d e e l e t a 1 . ( 2 0 0 2 ) h a s g o n e s o f a r a s t o 7 5 d e v e l o p a d i c h o t o m o u s k e y f o r r e c e n t s k a t e s a n d r a y s o f t h e N o r t h S e a r e g i o n . H o w e v e r , a s i m i l a r p r o b l e m e x i s t s f o r d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s a s w i t h s h a r k t e e t h , h e t e r o d o n t y . D e s p i t e t h e a d v a n c e s b e i n g m a d e i n t h e s t u d y o f d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s , d e n t i c l e s i d e n t i fi e d i n t h e s e w o r k s d i d n o t c o r r e s p o n d w i t h a n y o f t h e m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d h e r e . D i v i s i o n T E L E O S T E I s e n s u A r r a t i a , 1 9 9 9 S u p e r c o h o r t E L O P O M O R P H A G r e e n w o o d e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 O r d e r E L O P I F O R M E S G r e e n w o o d e t a l . , 1 9 6 6 F a m i l y P H Y L L O D O N T I D E A D a r t e v e l l e a n d C a s i e r , 1 9 4 3 G e n u s P A R A L B U I A B l a k e , 1 9 4 0 P A R A L B U L A C A S E ] E s t e s , 1 9 6 9 a F i g u r e s 5 3 a - b M a t e r i a l — J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 4 . 1 p a r t i a l p h a r y n g e a l t o o t h p l a t e . D e s c r i p t i o n - F i r s t d e s c r i b e d b y E s t e s ( 1 9 6 9 a ) ; t e e t h a r e s e t i n a p h a r y n g e a l t o o t h p l a t e t h a t i s fl a t t e n e d a n d b e a r s 2 t o 3 l a y e r s o f t e e t h . T h e i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h a r e h e m i s p h e r i c a l a n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r . T h e p a r t i a l t o o t h p l a t e h e r e e x h i b i t s a l l f e a t u r e s l i s t e d . D i s c u s s i o n - T h e t y p e s p e c i m e n w a s d i s c o v e r e d b y C a s e a n d l a t e r n a m e d f o r h i m b y E s t e s ( 1 9 6 9 a ) , f r o m t h e t y p e l o c a l i t y R e s e r v o i r C r e e k ( a t r i b u t a r y o f R a m e n e s s o n B r o o k ) , H a r d i n g F a r m , H o l m d e l , M o n m o u t h C o u n t y , N e w J e r s e y . T h e k n o w n r a n g e o f P a r a l b u l a c a s e i i s L a t e C r e t a c e o u s o f M o n t a n a ( i n t h e J R F b y C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) , A l b e r t a , N e w J e r s e y , a n d N o r t h C a r o l i n a ( R o b b , 1 9 8 9 ) , a n d i n t h e e a r l y E o c e n e o f E n g l a n d ( E s t e s , 1 9 6 9 a ) 7 6 I n f r a c l a s s A R C H O S A U R I A C o p e , 1 8 6 9 S u p e r o r d e r C R O C O D Y L O M O R P H A W a l k e r , 1 9 7 0 O r d e r C R O C O D Y L I F O R M E S H a y , 1 9 3 0 M a t e r i a l - J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 7 . 2 t e e t h . S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 2 3 1 . 1 t o o t h . P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d : l o t S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 1 . 1 t o o t h . D e s c r i p t i o n - T h e c r o c o d i l e t e e t h c o l l e c t e d a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 . 0 m m i n h e i g h t . T h e y a r e c o n i c a l i n s h a p e w i t h f a i n t t r a c e s o f c a r i n a e , a c h a r a c t e r o f m a n y a r c h o s a u r t e e t h . D i s c u s s i o n - T h e c r o c o d i l e t e e t h c o l l e c t e d w e r e t h e o n l y i d e n t i fi a b l e n o n - fi s h s p e c i m e n s r e c o v e r e d i n t h i s c o l l e c t i o n . C r o c o d i l i a n m a t e r i a l w a s a m o n g t h e fi r s t f o s s i l s d e s c r i b e d f r o m t h e J R F ( L e i d y , 1 8 5 6 a ) . A D D I T I O N A L M A T E R I A L A d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l f r o m t h e t w o b o n e b e d s ( W H a n d P P F ) c o n s i s t s o f p i e c e s o f p r i s m a t i c c a r t i l a g e . F i v e p i e c e s w e r e r e t r i e v e d f r o m W H ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 0 ) a n d P P F y i e l d e d 2 5 p i e c e s ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 8 ) . P r i s m a t i c c a r t i l a g e h a s a s t i p p l e d t e x t u r e r a t h e r l i k e t h a t o f a b a s k e t b a l l . P r e s e r v e d c a r t i l a g e i n d i c a t e s p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s w e r e f a v o r a b l e e n o u g h f o r fi n e p r e s e r v a t i o n o f v e r y d e l i c a t e m a t e r i a l . S h a r k t o o t h f r a g m e n t s ( c o n s i s t i n g o f c u s p s , c u s p l e t s , r o o t s , e t c . ) f r o m b o t h W H ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 2 , l o t o f 1 8 8 f r a g m e n t s a n d S M M P 9 9 2 8 1 2 1 1 , l o t o f 3 5 f r a g m e n t s ) a n d P P F ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 0 , l o t o f 1 1 9 f r a g m e n t s ) , m o s t l i k e l y c o n s i s t i n g o f H y p o t o d u s s p . , A r c h a e o l a m n a s p . , I s c h y r h i z a s p . , a n d t e l e o s t fi s h e s w e r e a l s o g a t h e r e d f r o m t h e b u l k s a m p l e s a n d s c r e e n e d m a t e r i a l . S o m e m a t e r i a l m a y b e r e f e r a b l e t o E n c h o d u s f r o m b o t h W H ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 6 , l o t 3 p a r t i a l t e e t h a n d S M M P 9 9 2 8 1 2 1 4 , l o t o f 5 p a r t i a l t e e t h ) a n d P P F ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 2 2 1 , l o t o f 3 7 7 p a r t i a l t e e t h ) . A d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l a l s o i n c l u d e s C h o n d r i c h t h y a n a n d t e l e o s t c e n t r a f r o m b o t h W H ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 9 2 1 - 4 , l o t o f 6 4 4 c e n t r a ) a n d P P F ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 7 , l o t o f 3 4 9 c e n t r a ) w i t h c e n t r a r a n g i n g f r o m l e s s t h a n 1 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r t o 1 0 . 0 m i l l i m e t e r s i n d i a m e t e r . S o m e c o n t a i n f e n e s t r a t i o n s , a n d f o r a m i n a , a l l a r e c i r c u l a r i n s h a p e a n d a m p h i c o e l o u s . T h e c e n t r a w e r e n o t i d e n t i fi e d a s m o s t w e r e v e r y f r a g i l e a n d c o v e r e d w i t h m a t r i x . T h e r e a r e a d d i t i o n a l t e l e o s t t e e t h t h a t a r e c u r r e n t l y u n i d e n t i fi a b l e a n d m a y n o t b e i d e n t i fi a b l e d u e t o l a c k o f d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s . T e e t h w e r e r e c o v e r e d f r o m W H ( S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 5 2 1 , l o t o f 1 9 t e e t h ) t h a t a r e e l o n g a t e a n d t a p e r t o a s h a r p p o i n t w i t h s i z e s o f u p t o 2 . 0 o r 3 . 0 m m i n l e n g t h . T h e t e e t h l a c k d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s . T h e o t h e r m o r p h o t y p e o f t e l e o s t t e e t h a r e r o u n d e d c a p s l e s s t h a n 1 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 . 0 m m i n d i a m e t e r . T h e r e a r e n o o t h e r f e a t u r e s o n t h e t e e t h t h a t c a n b e u s e d i n i d e n t i f y i n g t h e m ( a l s o f r o m W H , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 5 2 2 , l o t o f 3 5 t e e t h a n d S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 1 6 , l o t o f 1 t o o t h ) . F i n a l l y , m i s c e l l a n e o u s f r a g m e n t s w e r e r e c o v e r e d f r o m b o t h b o n e b e d s . U n d i f f e r e n t i a t e d m a t e r i a l ( a m i x o f t e e t h , c e n t r a , a n d b o n e f r o m s h a r k , s k a t e , r a y , t e l e o s t , a n d p e r h a p s r e p t i l e a n d t u r t l e ) f r o m t h e W H s i t e ( S M M P 9 9 : 8 1 : 1 2 ) a n d f r o m t h e P P F s i t e ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 7 ) , a n d s m a l l e r u n s o r t e d f r a g m e n t s o f s i m i l a r c o m p o s i t i o n ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 4 ) , w e r e s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e i d e n t i f i a b l e m a t e r i a l . P o t e n t i a l s h a r k s p i n e s ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 5 , l o t o f 6 s p i n e ? s h a r k p i e c e s ) , p o s s i b l e t u r t l e m a t e r i a l , ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 6 , l o t o f 4 8 t u r t l e ( ? ) p i e c e s ) , a n d u n i d e n t i fi e d b o n e s ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 8 , l o t o f 5 b i g b o n e p i e c e s ) w e r e a l s o r e c o v e r e d f r o m P P F . 7 8 2 7 a . 2 7 1 3 - 2 7 c . F i g u r e 2 7 . D r a w i n g s o f H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w , c . l i n g u a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 6 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - c . 7 9 F i g u r e 2 8 . A n t e r i o r t o o t h d r a w i n g s o f C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w , c . l i n g u a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 2 1 . S E M S o f a n t e r o — l a t e r a l t e e t h o f C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i ( d . l a b i a l v i e w , C . l i n g u a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 2 a n d ( f . o c c l u s a l v i e w , g . l a b i a l - b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 0 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a — g . 8 0 2 9 3 . 2 9 b . 2 9 c . 2 9 d . 2 9 e . 2 9 f . F i g u r e 2 9 . D r a w i n g s o f S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i l a t e r a l t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 2 1 , ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 2 2 , a n d ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 2 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - f . 8 1 1 3 0 a . 3 0 b . u 3 0 0 . 3 0 d . F i g u r e 3 0 . D r a w i n g s o f S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 a n d ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — d . 8 2 3 1 a . 3 1 b . 3 1 C . 3 1 d . F i g u r e 3 1 . D r a w i n g s o f S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 : 1 a n d ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 3 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - d . 8 3 3 2 3 . 3 2 b . 3 2 f . 3 2 c . F i g u r e 3 2 . D r a w i n g s o f H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 1 , ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 2 , a n d ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 2 4 2 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - f . 8 4 F i g u r e 3 3 . S E M S o f H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w , c . c l o s e - u p o f p l i c a t i o n s o n l a b i a l f a c e ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 2 a n d ( d . l i n g u a l v i e w , e . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 3 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a — b , d - e a n d 0 . 1 m m f o r c . 8 5 3 4 a . 3 4 b . 3 4 C . 3 4 d . F i g u r e 3 4 . D r a w i n g s o f H y p o t o d u s s p . t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l - v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 4 : 1 a n d H y p o t o d u s s p . t e e t h ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 5 2 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a - d . 8 6 fl 3 5 a . 3 5 b . 3 5 C . 3 5 d . 3 5 e . 3 5 f . F i g u r e 3 5 . D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h : a l m o s t p r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 2 1 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 2 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e l a t e r a l t o o t h ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m . 8 7 3 6 c . 3 6 d . 3 6 b . 3 6 e . 3 6 f . F i g u r e 3 6 . D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h . P r i s t i n e b u t c r o w n t i p b r o k e n l a t e r a l t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 2 7 2 4 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e l a t e r a l t o o t h w i t h m i n i m a l l y a b r a d e d r o o t ( 0 . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 2 5 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e p o s t e r i o r t o o t h ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 2 6 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — b a n d 5 m m c - f . 8 8 3 7 e . 3 7 f . ‘ 3 7 a . 3 7 b . g I 3 7 c . 3 7 X . F i g u r e 3 7 . D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h . P r i s t i n e b u t b r o k e n t i p p o s t e r i o r t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l V i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 z 7 . A l m o s t p r i s t i n e p o s t e r i o r t o o t h ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 7 : 8 . P r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - d a n d S l ) n u n < > £ 8 9 3 8 a . 3 8 b . 3 8 c . 3 8 d . F i g u r e 3 8 . D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h . P r i s t i n e ( b u t b r o k e n ) a n t e r i o r t o o t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 2 . P r i s t i n e a n t e r i o r t o o t h w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 7 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a d 9 0 3 9 a . 3 9 b . 3 9 c . 3 9 d . F i g u r e 3 9 . D r a w i n g s o f C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 9 : l a n d ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 9 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a - d . 9 1 4 0 a . m ‘ 4 0 0 $ 4 4 0 b . . N 4 0 d . t 4 0 e . 4 0 f . F i g u r e 4 0 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 : ] , ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , d . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 : 2 , a n d ( e . l i n g u a l v i e w , f . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 8 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - f . 9 2 4 1 a . 4 1 b . F i g u r e 4 1 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 8 : 2 . S E M s o f P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i t o o t h ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 8 : 3 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — d . 9 3 o l 4 2 a . 4 2 b . . 1 4 a ? " 4 1 4 2 c . 4 2 d . F i g u r e 4 2 . D r a w i n g s o f A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e t e e t h ( a . l i n g u a l v i e w , b . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 3 : 1 a n d ( c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 2 3 2 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - d . 9 4 F i g u r e 4 3 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e t e e t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 ; ( c . o c c l u s a l v i e w , ( 1 . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 2 2 ; ( o b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) ( e . o c c l u s a l v i e w , f . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 1 ; ( o b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) ( g . o c c l u s a l v i e w , h . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 2 , a n d ( i . p r o fi l e v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 1 : 3 . S E M S o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e t e e t h ( e . o c c l u s a l V i e w , f . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 3 ; ( g . o c c l u s a l v i e w , h . b a s a l v i e w ) S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : l l z 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m f o r a - k a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r l - m . 9 5 4 4 g . 4 4 h . 4 4 1 . F i g u r e 4 4 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e ( w e a k s i d e d s h a p e ) t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 3 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e ( o b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) t o o t h ( c . o c c l u s a l v i e w , d . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 0 . S E M S o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e ( o b l o n g / o v a l s h a p e ) t o o t h ( e . o c c l u s a l v i e w , f . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 2 8 2 1 1 2 1 1 . D r a w i n g s o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ( g . o c c l u s a l V i e w , h . p r o fi l e v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 1 : 1 5 a n d ( i . o c c l u s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 2 1 1 2 6 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — d , a n d g - i , a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r e - f . 9 6 4 5 a . F i g u r e 4 5 . S E M S o f S q u a t i r h i n a s p . t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l , b . l a t e r a l / b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 3 2 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b . 4 6 a . 4 6 b . 4 6 C - F i g u r e 4 6 . D r a w i n g s o f I s c h y r h i z a m i r a r o s t r a l t e e t h ( a - c , r o s t r a l t e e t h ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 2 1 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 2 2 , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 4 2 3 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m a — c . 9 7 4 7 3 - 4 7 b . F i g u r e 4 7 . D r a w i n g s o f P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l V i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 2 8 2 1 5 2 1 . S E M S o f P r y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i t o o t h ( c . o c c l u s a l V i e w , d . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 5 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r c - d . 4 8 a - 4 8 b . F i g u r e 4 8 . D r a w i n g s o f P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 6 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — b . 9 8 F i g u r e 4 9 . D r a w i n g s o f S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w , c . l i n g u a l v i e w , ( 1 . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 1 . S E M S o f S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e t o o t h ( e . o c c l u s a l v i e w , f . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 2 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — f . 9 9 F i g u r e 5 0 . S E M S o f S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e t e e t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l V i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 3 a n d ( c . l a b i a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 7 : 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — b a n d 0 . 5 m m f o r c . @ 0 A 5 1 f . 5 1 g - 5 1 h - F i g u r e 5 1 . D r a w i n g s o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t o o t h ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w , c . l a t e r a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 2 l . S E M S o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t o o t h ( d . o c c l u s a l v i e w , 6 . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 2 . D r a w i n g o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s t o o t h ( f . l a t e r a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 3 : 1 6 2 1 . D r a w i n g s o f d e r m a l d e n t i c l e o f M . b i p a r t i t u s ( g . o c c l u s a l v i e w , h . l a t e r a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 1 8 : 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a — d , f , 0 . 5 m m e , a n d 5 . 0 m m f o r g - h . 1 0 1 5 2 . F i g u r e 5 2 . D r a w i n g o f p a r t i a l I s c h y o d u s ( c h i m a e r i d ) t o o t h p l a t e , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 3 : 1 . S c a l e b a r = 5 . 0 m m . 5 3 a . 5 3 b . F i g u r e 5 3 . D r a w i n g s o f P a r a l b u l a c a s e i p h a r y n g e a l t o o t h p l a t e ( a . o c c l u s a l v i e w , b . b a s a l v i e w ) , S M M P 2 0 0 3 : 8 : 2 4 . S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 m m a - b . 1 0 2 C H A P T E R T H R E E B I O G E O G R A P H Y O F C O N T E M P O R A N E O U S F A U N A S I N T H E W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y , N O R T H A M E R I C A T h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( J R F ) f a u n a i n t h i s s t u d y i s m o d e r a t e l y d i v e r s e , c o n s i s t i n g o f 1 8 d i f f e r e n t t a x a f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( W H ) . M o s t o f t h e t a x a a r e i d e n t i fi a b l e t o t h e s p e c i e s l e v e l b u t s o m e o n l y t o t h e g e n e r i c o r f a m i l i a l l e v e l . T h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d ( P P F ) c o n s i s t s o f 1 6 d i f f e r e n t t a x a , a g a i n w i t h m o s t o f t h e t a x a i d e n t i fi a b l e t o s p e c i e s b u t a f e w o n l y t o t h e g e n u s o r f a m i l y . T h e c o m b i n e d f a u n a o f t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y a n d C a s e ’ s w o r k ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) c o n s i s t s o f 2 6 - 2 8 i d e n t i fi a b l e t a x a . T o g e t h e r , t h e W H a n d P P F b o n e b e d f a u n a s a r e m o s t l y l a m n i f o r m s a n d r a j i f o r r n s t h a t i n h a b i t e d a s h a l l o w m a r i n e / e s t u a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) . S o m e o f t h e s e s p e c i e s a r e t y p i c a l l y c o n s i d e r e d c o s m o p o l i t a n w i t h a w i d e g e o g r a p h i c s p r e a d , w h i l e o t h e r s a r e r e s t r i c t e d t o N o r t h A m e r i c a o r t o t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a . T h e W H a n d P P F f a u n a s r e p r e s e n t a r a t h e r t y p i c a l C h o n d r i c h t h y a n c o m m u n i t y a n d c a n b e c o m p a r e d t o a n u m b e r o f o t h e r c o n t e m p o r a r y f a u n a s f r o m t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s W I S . V e r y l i t t l e w o r k h a s b e e n d o n e o n b i o g e o g r a p h y o f c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s . I n f a c t , a n y s t u d i e s d o n e h a v e b e e n q u a l i t a t i v e i n n a t u r e t o d a t e ( C h i p l o n k a r a n d B a d v e , 1 9 6 8 ; A n t u n e s , 1 9 7 2 ; S o l e r - G i j o n a n d L o p e z - M a r t i n e z , 1 9 9 8 ; C a v i n e t a 1 , 2 0 0 0 ; U n d e r w o o d a n d R e e s , 2 0 0 2 ; a n d C u n y a t a l , 2 0 0 8 ) . T h i s w i l l b e t h e fi r s t q u a n t i t a t i v e s t u d y o f L a t e C r e t a c e o u s W I S C h o n d r i c h t h y a n b i o g e o g r a p h y . 1 0 3 I n i t i a l f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h i n t h e J R F T h e C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F , M o n t a n a b a s e d o n S a h n i ( 1 9 7 2 ) , C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) , a n d t h i s s t u d y i s b a s e d o n t h e t a x a l i s t e d i n T a b l e 1 . S a h n i ( 1 9 7 2 ) o n l y n o t e d a n o c c u r r e n c e o f M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s a s h i s s t u d y c o n c e n t r a t e d o n t e r r e s t r i a l t a x a . C a s e ’ s w o r k ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) l i s t s a t o t a l o f 1 9 s p e c i e s o f c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s , a n d o n e t a x o n i d e n t i fi e d o n l y t o g e n u s . T h e p r e s e n t s t u d y h a s 2 0 t a x a ( 1 6 s p e c i e s , 3 i d e n t i fi e d o n l y t o g e n u s , a n d 1 i d e n t i fi e d o n l y t o f a m i l y ) o f c h o n d r i c h t h y a n s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f o f t h e t a x a f o u n d b y C a s e w e r e n o t p r e s e n t i n t h e W H o r P P F s a m p l e s , w h e r e a s s i x s p e c i e s o r g e n e r a ( i g n o r i n g t h o s e t h a t h a v e a d e g r e e o f u n c e r t a i n t y i n i d e n t i fi c a t i o n ) c o l l e c t e d i n t h o s e s a m p l e s a n d s t u d i e d h e r e a r e n e w f o r t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a . T h e s i x t a x a n e w t o t h e J R F a r e S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , P t y c h o t r j y g o n h o o v e r i , P . t r i a n g u l a r i s , a n d t h e g e n u s S q u a t i r h i n a . T h e p r i n c i p a l q u e s t i o n t h a t a r i s e s f r o m t h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s i s w h e t h e r t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n t a x o n o m i c c o m p o s i t i o n i s d u e t o s a m p l i n g o r i n t r i n s i c a / b i o t i c f a c t o r s . P e r h a p s t h e r e h a s b e e n m o r e s o r t i n g a n d m o r e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f f o s s i l m a t e r i a l i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r a r e a . S a h n i ’ s ( 1 9 7 2 ) s o l e t a x o n w a s f r o m o n e s i t e i n t h e J R F . T h e s p e c i m e n s s t u d i e d b y C a s e i n t h e l a t e 1 9 7 0 ’ s w e r e c o l l e c t e d f r o m 1 0 d i f f e r e n t s i t e s , e m p l o y i n g d i f f e r e n t m o d e s o f c o l l e c t i o n f r o m c o l l e c t i n g fl o a t , t o d i r e c t l y s a m p l i n g s c o u r s o r l e n s e s ( a s i n t h i s s t u d y ) . C a s e ’ s ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) m a t e r i a l c o m e s l a r g e l y f r o m B l a i n e C o u n t y . T h e W H s p e c i m e n s u s e d h e r e a r e a l l f r o m a l o c a l i t y o f f t h e W o o d h a w k C r e e k i n F e r g u s C o u n t y , s o u t h o f t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r ( F i g u r e 2 5 ) . T h e P P F b u l k s a m p l e i s a l s o f r o m a s i n g l e l o c a l i t y o f f o f P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y R o a d s o u t h o f t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r ( F i g u r e 2 5 ) i n F e r g u s 1 0 4 C o u n t y . T h e s c o u r s ( r e s i d u a l l a g d e p o s i t s ) f r o m w h i c h t h e t e e t h d e r i v e d r e p r e s e n t a n a c c u m u l a t i o n o f f o s s i l s i n a h o l l o w s c o u r a t t h e b o t t o m o f a n e s t u a r y o r o t h e r s h a l l o w m a r g i n a l m a r i n e s e t t i n g . U p o n f u r t h e r e x a m i n a t i o n , c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s a n d P a r s i m o n y A n a l y s i s o f E n d e m i c i t y ( P A E ) ( b o t h d i s c u s s e d l a t e r ) o f t h e J R F a n d o t h e r f a u n a s d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e c o m b i n e d J R F f a u n a i s a h o m o g e n e o u s o n e a n d s i m i l a r t o m a n y c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s f a u n a s f r o m t h e W I S . B i o g e o g r a p h y o f E l a s m o b r a n c h s o f t h e W I S C r e t a c e o u s e l a s m o b r a n c h s a r e k n o w n f r o m a n u m b e r o f U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s f o r m a t i o n s i n w e s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a . C h i m a e r i d s a r e e x c l u d e d h e r e a s t h e y a r e s e l d o m r e f e r e n c e d i n f a u n a l s t u d i e s . B a s e d o n t h e s i m i l a r g e o g r a p h y a n d s u b s t r a t e o f t h e p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s o f o t h e r f a u n a s w i t h i n t h e W I S , i t i s h y p o t h e s i z e d t h a t t h e c o m b i n e d d a t a t o c r e a t e t h e J R F f a u n a i s o f s i m i l a r s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n t o t h o s e c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s f a u n a s i n t h e W I S . I t i s a l s o h y p o t h e s i z e d t h a t t h e J R F f a u n a w i l l d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e f a u n a s t h a t a r e f r o m m o r e d i s t a n t g e o g r a p h i c l o c a t i o n a n d l e s s s i m i l a r i n s u b s t r a t e r e fl e c t i n g p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s . I t i s a l s o h y p o t h e s i z e d t h a t a n y f a u n a l d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n d i f f e r e n t f a u n a s , b u t s p e c i fi c a l l y b e t w e e n d i f f e r e n t s t u d i e s w i t h i n t h e s a m e f o r m a t i o n ( J R F ) a r e t h e r e s u l t o f l o c a l p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t a l d i f f e r e n c e s a n d n o t d u e t o s a m p l i n g . D a t a f r o m a n u m b e r o f d i f f e r e n t s i t e s a n d f o r m a t i o n s t h a t f a l l w i t h i n t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s W I S o f N o r t h A m e r i c a w e r e i n c l u d e d i n t h i s s t u d y f o r c o m p a r i s o n . 1 0 5 B o u n d a r i e s f o r f a u n _ a l c o m p a r i s o n F a u n a s a n d f o r m a t i o n s u t i l i z e d f o r c o m p a r i s o n d e r i v e f r o m t h e C e n o m a n i a n t o t h e M a a s t r i c t h i a n , a n d f r o m A l b e r t a , S a s k a t c h e w a n , M o n t a n a , S o u t h D a k o t a , N o r t h D a k o t a , U t a h , W y o m i n g , N e b r a s k a , K a n s a s , C o l o r a d o , O k l a h o m a , A r i z o n a , N e w M e x i c o , a n d T e x a s ( F i g u r e 5 4 ) . S t u d i e s o n t h e s e f a u n a ( s e e T a b l e 2 ) i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a i n c l u d e : t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) o f M o n t a n a ( E s t e s e t a l . , 1 9 6 9 ) ; t h e L a n c e F o r m a t i o n ( L a t e M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) o f W y o m i n g ( E s t e s , 1 9 6 4 ) , t h e C a r l i l e S h a l e ( T u r o n i a n ) ( E v e t t s , 1 9 7 9 ) , a n d t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n ( U p p e r C a m p a n i a n ) ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) o f W y o m i n g ; t h e C a r l i l e S h a l e ( T u r o n i a n ) ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 7 3 a n d E v e t t s , 1 9 7 9 ) a n d t h e G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n ( m i d d l e C e n o m a n i a n t o m i d d l e T u r o n i a n ) ( C i c i m u r r i , 2 0 0 1 ) o f S o u t h D a k o t a ; t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) ( H o g a n s o n a n d M u r p h y , 2 0 0 2 ) o f N o r t h D a k o t a ; t h e F o r t H a y s L i m e s t o n e M e m b e r o f t h e N i o b r a r a C h a l k ( e a r l y C o n i a c i a n ) ( S h i m a d a , 1 9 9 6 ) a n d t h e B l u e H i l l M e m b e r o f t h e C a r l i l e S h a l e ( m i d d l e T u r o n i a n ) ( S h i m a d a , 2 0 0 6 ) o f K a n s a s ; t h e G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e ( m i d d l e C e n o m a n i a n ) o f C o l o r a d o ( S h i m a d a e t a l . , 2 0 0 6 ) ; t h e G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m ( C e n o m a n i a n t o T u r o n i a n ) ( W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ) o f A r i z o n a ; a n d m u l t i p l e l o c a l i t i e s r e p r e s e n t i n g s e v e r a l f o r m a t i o n s c o v e r i n g t h e C e n o m a n i a n t o M a a s t r i c h t i a n ( C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 7 5 b ; C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 7 ; C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 9 9 ; a n d W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) o f T e x a s . F o r m a t i o n s i n C a n a d a i n c l u d e t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) ( B r i n k m a n , 1 9 9 0 ) a n d D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( u p p e r C a m p a n i a n ) ( B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l , 1 9 9 9 ) o f A l b e r t a , a n d t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) ( E b e r t h e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 ) a n d t h e N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n ( C o n i a c i a n ) ( C a s e e t a l . 1 9 9 0 ) o f S a s k a t c h e w a n . D a t a c o m p i l e d 1 0 6 f r o m t h e s e f o r m a t i o n s a r e s u m m a r i z e d i n T a b l e 2 w i t h a g e n e r a l i z e d c o r r e l a t i o n o f f o r m a t i o n s a n d u n i t s i n F i g u r e 5 5 t o a i d i n s p a t i a l a n d t e m p o r a l v i s u a l i z a t i o n . S i m i l a r p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s S t u d i e s b y E s t e s ( 1 9 6 4 ) o n t h e L a n c e F o r m a t i o n o f W y o m i n g , E s t e s e t a l . ( 1 9 6 9 ) o n t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n o f M o n t a n a , C a s e ( 1 9 8 7 ) o n t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n i n W y o m i n g , B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l ( 1 9 9 9 ) o n t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n o f A l b e r t a , E b e r t h e t a l . ( 1 9 9 0 ) o n t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n o f S a s k a t c h e w a n , H o g a n s o n a n d M u r p h y ( 2 0 0 2 ) o n t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n o f N o r t h D a k o t a , a n d C i c i m u r r i ( 2 0 0 1 ) o n t h e G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n o f S o u t h D a k o t a , s h o w t h a t t h e y a l l h a v e a s i m i l a r p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t t o t h a t o f t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a : a n e a r s h o r e , e s t u a r i n e h a b i t a t , a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e p r e s e n c e o f i n v e r t e b r a t e s s u c h a s t h e o y s t e r O s t r e a a n d s e q u e n c e s t r a t i g r a p h y a s n o t e d b y H a y d e n ( 1 8 6 0 ) , w i t h p o s s i b l y a m i x t u r e o f f r e s h w a t e r ( s u p p o s e d f r e s h w a t e r s k a t e s ) a n d m a r i n e t a x a ( s h a r k s , s k a t e s a n d r a y s , a n d m a r i n e t e l e o s t s ) . W i t h s i m i l a r e n v i r o n m e n t s a n d a g e s t h e e x p e c t a t i o n w o u l d b e t h a t s i m i l a r f a u n a s w o u l d b e p r e s e n t i n e a c h f o r m a t i o n . I n i t i a l i m p r e s s i o n s s h o w t h a t “ M e s a v e r d e ” h a s t h e g r e a t e s t s p e c i e s d i v e r s i t y ( 3 2 d i f f e r e n t e l a s m o b r a n c h s f o u n d ) a m o n g t h e s e f o r m a t i o n s w i t h s i m i l a r p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s . J R F a n d “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n c o m p a r i s o n U s i n g t h e c o m b i n e d J R F f a u n a l d a t a o f C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) a n d t h e p r e s e n t w o r k o n W H a n d P P F a s a b a s e f o r c o m p a r i s o n t o t h e s e o t h e r f a u n a s , t h e c o m p i l e d d a t a s h o w s t h a t t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” o f W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 9 8 7 ) s h o w s t h e g r e a t e s t s i m i l a r i t y i n f a u n a t o 1 0 7 t h e J R F w i t h 1 3 m a t c h e s ( T a b l e 3 ) : H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i , S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l l e a e , P r o t o p l a r y r h i n a r e n a e , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , I . m i r a , a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s . J R F a n d H e l l C r e e i j l ‘ ) a n d L a n c e F o r m a t i o n s c o m p a r i s o n s T h e L a n c e F o r m a t i o n o f W y o m i n g a n d H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n o f M o n t a n a e a c h h a v e f o u r s p e c i e s w i t h H e l l C r e e k ( M T ) s h a r i n g t h r e e s p e c i e s w i t h M o n t a n a ( J R F ) ( T a b l e 4 ) : S q u a t i r h i n a s p . , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s a n d t w o s p e c i e s f r o m t h e L a n c e F o r m a t i o n m a t c h : I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s ( T a b l e 4 ) . T h e H e l l C r e e k ( M T ) a n d L a n c e f o r m a t i o n s d o s h a r e a n a d d i t i o n a l t a x o n n o t f o u n d i n t h e J R F , L i s s o d u s s e l a c h o s ( T a b l e 4 ) . J R F a n d D i n o g u r P a r k . J R F ( A B ) . J R F ( S K ) . a n d N i o b r a r a ( S K ) F o r m a t i o n s c o m p a r i s o n s T h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n o f A l b e r t a , d e s p i t e o n l y h a v i n g 1 0 s p e c i e s , h a s e i g h t m a t c h e s w i t h M o n t a n a ( T a b l e 5 ) , H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a , P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s , a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s . O n l y t w o s p e c i e s a r e f o u n d i n t h e J R F ( A B ) , H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s , b o t h o f w h i c h a r e f o u n d i n t h e J R F ( M T ) . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s w a s t h e o n l y c o m m o n c o n s t i t u e n t b e t w e e n M o n t a n a a n d t h e J R F ( S K ) ( 1 t a x o n t o t a l ) , a n d n o t a x a w e r e s h a r e d 1 0 8 w i t h t h e N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n ( e i g h t t a x a t o t a l ) ; d e s p i t e b e i n g g e o g r a p h i c a l l y c l o s e , t h e N i o b r a r a ( C o n i a c i a n ) i s o l d e r t h a n t h e J R F a n d s h o w s n o s i m i l a r i t y i n f a u n a ( T a b l e 6 ) . J R F a n d H e l l C r e e m D ) a n d G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n s c o m p a r i s o n s T h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n o f N o r t h D a k o t a , w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s a s h a l l o w m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t w i t h e s t u a r i e s , b a y s , a n d c h a n n e l s ( H o g a n s o n a n d M u r p h y , 2 0 0 2 ) h a s t h r e e s p e c i e s t h a t m a t c h t h e M o n t a n a J R F e l a s m o b r a n c h s ( T a b l e 7 ) : C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , I s c h y r h i z a s p . , a n d M j I I e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s . T h e G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n o f S o u t h D a k o t a o n l y s h o w s o n e s p e c i e s o u t o f t h e 1 9 f o u n d t h a t m a t c h e d t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a ( T a b l e 8 ) . A m o n g t h e m o r e g e o g r a p h i c a l l y a n d t e m p o r a l l y c l o s e f o r m a t i o n s , t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” i n W y o m i n g s h o w s t h e m o s t s i m i l a r i t y t o t h e J R F f a u n a s f r o m M o n t a n a , a n d a l s o t h e h i g h e s t o v e r a l l d i v e r s i t y , f o l l o w e d b y t h e e i g h t s p e c i e s s h a r e d w i t h t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n i n A l b e r t a . T h e o t h e r f o r m a t i o n s s h o w l e s s s i m i l a r i t y , w i t h a n y w h e r e f r o m o n e t o t h r e e s p e c i e s s h a r e d . A d d i t i o n a l O b s e r v a t i o n s T h e a c c u m u l a t e d d a t a c a n a l s o b e u t i l i z e d t o i n t e r p r e t t h e t e m p o r a l a n d g e o g r a p h i c a l s p a n s o f s o m e o f t h e s p e c i e s f r o m t h e W H a n d P P F b o n e b e d s . T h e l o n g e s t r a n g i n g s p e c i e s i n t i m e i s C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a ( r a n g i n g f r o m t h e A l b i a n t o t h e Y p r e s i a n [ C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ] ) a n d i t a l s o h a s t h e l a r g e s t g e o g r a p h i c a l r a n g e ( F r a n c e , A u s t r a l i a , e a s t c o a s t o f N o r t h A m e r i c a , t h e A m e r i c a n s o u t h w e s t , a n d n o r t h - c e n t r a l N o r t h A m e r i c a ) . C . 1 0 9 a p p e n d i c u l a t a i s o f t e n c o n s i d e r e d a c o s m o p o l i t a n s p e c i e s w i t h a w o r l d - w i d e d i s t r i b u t i o n . B e c a u s e o f i t s d i s t r i b u t i o n i t i s w o r t h n o t i n g t h a t C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) f o u n d n o o c c u r r e n c e o f C . a p p e n d i c u l a t a i n M o n t a n a o r i n W y o m i n g e v e n t h o u g h i t i s f o u n d i n t h e D a k o t a s , W y o m i n g ( E v e t t s , 1 9 7 9 ) , a n d i n t h e s o u t h w e s t ( W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ) . O t h e r c o s m o p o l i t a n s p e c i e s f r o m W H a n d P P F i n c l u d e S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i ( k n o w n f r o m E u r o p e , J a p a n , N e w Z e a l a n d , M a d a g a s c a r [ G o t t f r i e d e t a l . , 2 0 0 1 ] , t h e e a s t c o a s t o f N o r t h A m e r i c a , t h e A m e r i c a n s o u t h w e s t , n o r t h c e n t r a l N o r t h A m e r i c a [ C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ] , a n d A n g o l a [ A n t u n e s a n d C a p p e t t a , 2 0 0 2 ] ) a n d I s c h y o d u s ( I . b i f u r c a t u s - - R u s s i a , B e l g i u m , t h e G u l f o f M e x i c o c o a s t , t h e e a s t a n d w e s t c o a s t s o f N o r t h A m e r i c a , a n d M o n t a n a [ C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ] ) . S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s i s a l s o w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d w i t h a r a n g e t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e N e t h e r l a n d s , M o r o c c o , T e x a s , M o n t a n a , N e w J e r s e y ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) a n d A n g o l a ( A n t u n e s a n d C a p p e t t a , 2 0 0 2 ) . O t h e r w i d e - r a n g i n g t a x a i n c l u d e A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s ( S w e d e n , A u s t r a l i a , e a s t c o a s t o f N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d t h e M o n t a n a r e g i o n [ C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ; S i v e r s o n , 1 9 9 6 ; a n d K e m p , 1 9 9 1 ] ) , M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s ( n o r t h c e n t r a l N o r t h A m e r i c a , a n d t h e f o r m e r S o v i e t U n i o n [ C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ] ) , a n d P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i ( t h e f o r m e r S o v i e t U n i o n , F r a n c e , a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a [ C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ] , w i t h t h e n e w o c c u r r e n c e i n M o n t a n a [ t h i s r e p o r t ] f u r t h e r e x p a n d i n g t h e r a n g e ) . T h e r e m a i n i n g s p e c i e s h a v e r a n g e s t h a t a r e l a r g e l y r e s t r i c t e d t o N o r t h A m e r i c a , a n d i n s o m e c a s e s j u s t t o t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a a n d n e i g h b o r i n g f o r m a t i o n s . H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s i s f o u n d o n l y i n M o n t a n a a n d W y o m i n g w i t h n o o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s r e p o r t e d ( C a s e 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 8 7 ) ; P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , w h i l e f o u n d o u t s i d e o f M o n t a n a a n d W y o m i n g ( C a s e , 1 1 0 1 9 7 8 3 a n d 1 9 8 7 ) , i s o n l y f o u n d i n N o r t h A m e r i c a ( A l b e r t a a n d T e x a s ) . B o t h I s c h y r h i z a m i r a a n d I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a o c c u r o n l y i n N o r t h A m e r i c a ; h o w e v e r , w i t h i n N o r t h A m e r i c a t h e y h a v e w i d e g e o g r a p h i c r a n g e s . P r i o r t o t h i s s t u d y P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i w a s o n l y f o u n d i n T e x a s ; h o w e v e r i t s g e o g r a p h i c a n d t e m p o r a l r a n g e c a n b e e x t e n d e d t o t h e C a m p a n i a n o f M o n t a n a . P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i a l s o h a s a s p a r s e r e c o r d , b e i n g f o u n d i n t h e e a r l y C r e t a c e o u s o f F r a n c e , R u s s i a , a n d T e x a s ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) . I t s p r e s e n c e i n t h e J R F r e p r e s e n t s a m a j o r t e m p o r a l r a n g e e x p a n s i o n . H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s i s f o u n d p r i m a r i l y i n M o n t a n a , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i h a s a w i d e r a n g e i n N o r t h A m e r i c a w i t h a n o c c u r r e n c e i n F r a n c e , a n d P o x c h o t r j r i g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s i s f o u n d t h r o u g h o u t c e n t r a l N o r t h A m e r i c a a n d a l s o i n t h e f o r m e r C z e c h o s l o v a k i a ( C a p p e t t a , 1 9 8 7 ) o r m o d e r n d a y C z e c h R e p u b l i c . G e o g r a p h i c a l l y r e s t r i c t e d s p e c i e s s u c h a s H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s ( a n d t o a l e s s e r e x t e n t P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a , a n d I . a v o n i c o l a ) , b a s e d o n c u r r e n t k n o w l e d g e , a p p e a r t o b e e n d e m i c f o r m s , b e i n g f o u n d i n o n e r e g i o n a n d f o r m a t i o n a n d n o w h e r e e l s e . T h e y m a y t r u l y b e l i m i t e d t o t h e J R F o r i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e y h a v e n o t a s y e t b e e n f o u n d i n o t h e r l o c a l i t i e s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d . A n o t h e r p o s s i b i l i t y i s t h a t t h e y h a v e b e e n d e s c r i b e d a n d c l a s s i fi e d a s e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t s p e c i e s . T h i s i s p o s s i b l e b e c a u s e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n s h a v e b e e n m a d e o n t h e b a s i s o f s i n g l e d i s a s s o c i a t e d t e e t h , w h i c h a s d i s c u s s e d e a r l i e r p o s e p r o b l e m s . 1 1 1 H i e r a r c h i c a l C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s a n d P a r s i m o n y A n a l y s i s o f E n d e m i c i t y ( P A E ) T o e x p a n d t h e a n a l y t i c a l s c o p e o f t h e f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s , t h e d a t a f r o m T a b l e 2 w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a s p r e a d s h e e t ( O - a b s e n t , l - p r e s e n t ) w i t h t h e c o l u m n s r e p r e s e n t i n g p r e s e n c e a n d a b s e n c e o f g e n e r a ( f o r g e n u s l e v e l a n a l y s i s ) ( A p p e n d i x A ) a n d s p e c i e s ( f o r s p e c i e s l e v e l a n a l y s i s ) ( A p p e n d i x B ) , a n d t h e r o w s l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s i n t h e W I S . H i e r a r c h i c a l c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f t h e m a t r i x w a s i n i t i a l l y c a r r i e d o u t u s i n g a h i e r a r c h i c a l c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s w i t h S i m p s o n ’ s c o e f fi c i e n t o f f a u n a l s i m i l a r i t y ( p a i r e d g r o u p m e t h o d ) , fi r s t d e s c r i b e d i n S i m p s o n ( 1 9 4 3 : f o o t n o t e 5 ) . P a r s i m o n y A n a l y s i s o f E n d e m i c i t y ( P A E ) ( R o s e n a n d S m i t h , 1 9 8 8 a n d F o r t e y a n d C o c k s , 1 9 9 2 ) w a s c a r r i e d o u t w i t h t h e h e u r i s t i c ( T B R ) a l g o r i t h m w i t h W a g n e r o p t i m i z a t i o n . T h e h i e r a r c h i c a l c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s t e s t s t h e f a u n a l s i m i l a r i t y b e t w e e n l o c a l a r e a / f o r m a t i o n s w h e r e a s P A E m e a s u r e s t h e e n d e m i c i t y o f s p e c i e s a n d i n f e r s b a r r i e r s o r s e l e c t i v e d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n . T h e P A E c l u s t e r s t h e f o r m a t i o n s b a s e d o n t h e i r s h a r e d e n d e m i c t a x a . B o t h t h e c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s a n d P A E w e r e c o m p l e t e d w i t h P A l e o n t o l o g i c a l S T a t i s t i c s ( P A S T ) ( H a m m e r e t a l . , 2 0 0 1 ) . C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s o f W I S J e n e r a ( R - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) I n F i g u r e s 5 6 - 5 9 s i x o f t h e W I S g e n e r a ( t a x a m a r k e d w i t h a n a s t e r i s k ) , O d o n t a s p i s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s , H y p o t o d u s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s , a n d S y n e c h o d u s c o - o c c u r w i t h a s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x o f 1 o n t h i s t r e e i n b r a c k e t 1 ( F i g u r e 5 7 ) . T h e s e a r e a l s o t h e g e n e r a w i t h fi r s t d i s c o v e r y i n t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 a ) w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f H y p o t o d u s . T h e r e s t o f t h e g e n e r a f o u n d i n t h e J R F ( t a x a m a r k e d w i t h a n a s t e r i s k ) a r e d i s t r i b u t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e r e s t o f b r a c k e t 1 a n d t h e o t h e r t w o b r a c k e t s ( F i g u r e s 5 8 a n d 1 1 2 5 9 ) o f t h e t r e e . A t e a c h p r o v i n c i a l l e v e l t h e s i m i l a r i t y h a s d r o p p e d t o 0 . 3 8 , 0 . 4 8 , a n d 0 . 6 f o r t h e s e c l u s t e r s . C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s o f W I S g e n e r a ( O - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) L o o k i n g a t t h e s a m e d a t a t r a n s p o s e d ( Q - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) ( F i g u r e 6 0 ) , t h e J R F ( m a r k e d w i t h a n a s t e r i s k ) i s m o s t s i m i l a r , w i t h a n i n d e x o f 1 , t o t h e J R F o f A l b e r t a i n b r a c k e t 2 . I t i s a l s o q u i t e s i m i l a r ( 0 . 9 5 ) t o t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n i n A l b e r t a . T h e o v e r a l l t o p o l o g y o f t h e t r e e a l s o s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e r e a r e t w o c l u s t e r s o f l o c a l a r e a s , p o s s i b l y i n d i c a t i v e o f a b a r r i e r t h a t r e l a t e s t o t h e d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n i n s p e c i e s . F i g u r e 5 6 ( R - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) w a s b r o k e n i n t o 3 b r a c k e t s f o r e a s e o f d i s p l a y . H o w e v e r , f o r p r o p e r a n a l y s i s b r a c k e t s 1 a n d 2 s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s o n e . T h a t c r e a t e s 2 m a i n b r a c k e t s o r c l u s t e r s w i t h i n F i g u r e 5 6 t h a t m a p o n t o t h e 2 c l u s t e r s i n F i g u r e 6 0 ( Q - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) . T h e J R F ( “ P ” i n F i g u r e 6 0 ) c o r r e l a t e s w i t h t h e c o m b i n e d b r a c k e t o f l a n d 2 t h a t c o n t a i n s t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e J R F g e n e r a . C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s o f W I S s p e c i e s ( R - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s a t t h e s p e c i e s r a n k ( F i g u r e s 6 1 - 6 5 ) i s s i m i l a r t o t h a t a t t h e g e n e r i c l e v e l b u t r e - f o c u s e s o n t h e J R F s p e c i e s . T h e a n a l y s i s s h o w s a c l u s t e r i n g o f t h e J R F s p e c i e s , w i t h 1 7 o f t h e t a x a g r o u p e d t o g e t h e r a t a s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x o f 1 i n b r a c k e t 3 ( F i g u r e 6 4 ) . T h e c l u s t e r e d s p e c i e s a r e : H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , H . s t o r e r i , S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o m ’ , S . s t r i a t u s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , H y p o t o d u s s p p . , O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s 1 1 3 r o c h e l l e a e , P r o t o p l a l y r h i n a r e n a e , S q u a t i r h i n a s p . , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a , P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t , a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s . S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i , S . p r i s t o d o n t u s , a n d C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s s h o w a s i m i l a r i t y o f 0 . 8 4 . T h e l e a s t s i m i l a r g r o u p i n g o f t h e J R F a r e P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s , P . h o o v e r i , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , I s c h y r h i z a s p . , a n d C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a w h i c h s h o w a s i m i l a r i t y o f 0 . 3 i n b r a c k e t 2 ( F i g u r e 6 3 ) a n d t h e l a s t s p e c i e s , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a s h o w s a s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x o f 0 . 4 8 i n b r a c k e t 4 ( F i g u r e 6 5 ) . C l u s t e r A n a l fi i s o f W I S s p e c i e s ( Q - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) T r a n s p o s i n g t h e d a t a ( F i g u r e 6 6 ) t h e o v e r a l l t o p o l o g y o f t h e Q - m o d e t r e e r e s e m b l e s t h a t s e e n i n F i g u r e 6 0 . D e s p i t e t h e o v e r a l l s i m i l a r i t y , a d d i n g a s p e c i e s - l e v e l a n a l y s i s h a s c h a n g e d t h e r e s u l t s ( t a x a a n d J R F m a r k e d w i t h a n a s t e r i s k ) . T h i s c h a n g e i n g r o u p i n g m a y b e t h e r e s u l t o f t a x o n o m i c s p l i t t i n g , p o t e n t i a l l y c r e a t i n g m o r e s p e c i e s t h a n m a y a c t u a l l y e x i s t a n d s k e w i n g t h e r e s u l t s . A n o t h e r p o s s i b i l i t y i s t h a t a m b i g u o u s l y i d e n t i fi e d s p e c i e s ( a s i s s t a t e d i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e ) w e r e g r o u p e d w i t h o t h e r s p e c i e s , i d e n t i fi e d w i t h f a i r c e r t a i n t y o r a m b i g u o u s l y i d e n t i fi e d , f u r t h e r s k e w i n g t h e r e s u l t s . B e f o r e , a t t h e g e n e r i c l e v e l , t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a g r o u p e d w i t h t h e J R F o f A l b e r t a w i t h a n i n d e x o f 1 . H e r e i n F i g u r e 6 6 i t n o w g r o u p s w i t h t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n o f M o n t a n a a n d t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n o f S a s k a t c h e w a n w i t h a s i m i l a r i t y o f 0 . 9 i n b r a c k e t 2 ( F i g u r e 6 6 ) . T w o c l u s t e r s a r e p r e s e n t , a s i n F i g u r e 6 0 , t h o u g h t h e m a k e u p o f e a c h c l u s t e r h a s s h i f t e d s l i g h t l y . 1 1 4 F i g u r e 6 1 ( R - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) w a s b r o k e n i n t o 4 b r a c k e t s f o r e a s e o f d i s p l a y . H o w e v e r , f o r p r o p e r a n a l y s i s b r a c k e t s 1 a n d 2 s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s o n e , a s s h o u l d b r a c k e t s 3 a n d 4 . T h a t c r e a t e s 2 m a i n b r a c k e t s o r c l u s t e r s w i t h i n F i g u r e 6 1 t h a t m a p o n t o t h e 2 c l u s t e r s i n F i g u r e 6 6 ( Q - m o d e a n a l y s i s ) . T h e J R F ( “ Q ” i n F i g u r e 6 6 ) c o r r e l a t e s w i t h t h e c o m b i n e d b r a c k e t o f 1 a n d 2 , h o w e v e r i t i s t h e c o m b i n e d b r a c k e t o f 3 a n d 4 t h a t c o n t a i n s t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e J R F s p e c i e s . U p o n f u r t h e r e x a m i n a t i o n , m a n y o f t h e J R F t a x a i n t h e c o m b i n e d b r a c k e t o f 3 a n d 4 o c c u r i n m u l t i p l e f o r m a t i o n s , a n d i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t w i t h t h e c o l l a p s i n g o f t h i s d a t a t o j u s t t h e g e n e r a a s i n t h e p r e v i o u s t r e e s o f F i g u r e s 5 6 - 5 9 s o m e r e s o l u t i o n i s l o s t , t h u s m a k i n g i t a p p e a r t h a t m a n y o f t h e t a x a a r e e n d e m i c t o t h e J R F b u t i n s t e a d m a y b e e n d e m i c t o t h e e n d o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s o f t h e W I S w h e n i n v e s t i g a t e d a t t h e s p e c i e s l e v e l . A n o t h e r c o n t r i b u t i n g f a c t o r m a y b e t h a t s o m e o f t h e t a x a a r e n o t i d e n t i fi e d s o l e l y t o s p e c i e s a n d h a v e b e e n “ l u m p e d ” w i t h o t h e r a m b i g u o u s t a x a . T h i s l e a d s t o f u r t h e r l o s s o f r e s o l u t i o n . C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s I m p l i c a t i o n s T h e J R F f a u n a a t b o t h t h e g e n e r i c a n d s p e c i e s l e v e l s s h o w e n d e m i s m f o r s o m e o f t h e t a x a . S i x g e n e r a c l u s t e r t o g e t h e r , c o - o c c u r r i n g a n d s h o w a m a c r o - e c o l o g i c a l a s s o c i a t i o n o r b i o m e o f t h e g e n e r a i n t i m e a n d s p a c e a n d a s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x o f l ( b r a c k e t 1 ) o n t h e t r e e ( F i g u r e 5 6 ) . T h e s e g e n e r a a r e : O d o n t a s p i s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s , H y p o t o d u s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s , a n d S y n e c h o d u s . T h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e g e n e r a a r e l e s s s i m i l a r , i m p l y i n g m o r e c o s m o p o l i t a n i s m a s t h e y a r e d i s t r i b u t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e o t h e r t w o b r a c k e t s o f t h e t r e e . 1 1 5 T h e s p e c i e s c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s ( F i g u r e 6 1 ) a l s o s u g g e s t s e n d e m i s m b u t w i t h t h e a d d i t i o n o f t h e s p e c i e s t h e r e a r e a g r e a t e r n u m b e r o f e n d e m i c t a x a , w i t h 1 7 p l o t t i n g a t a s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x o f l i n b r a c k e t 3 ( F i g u r e 6 4 ) . T h e e n d e m i c t a x a a r e : H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , H . s t o r e r i , S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o m ' , S . s t r i a t u s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , H y p o t o d u s s p p . , O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , S q u a t i r h i n a s p . , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a , P t y c h o t r j y g o n b l a i n e n s i s , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t , a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s . T h r e e s p e c i e s l e s s c l u s t e r e d a t a l e v e l t h a t i m p l i e s s e m i - e n d e m i s m ( s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x 0 . 8 4 ) , S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i , S . p r i s t o d o n t u s , a n d C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s . T h e l e a s t s i m i l a r g r o u p i n g o f J R F t a x a a r e s p r e a d o v e r t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e t r e e a n d i m p l y t h a t t h e y a r e t h e m o s t c o s m o p o l i t a n f o r m s : P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s , P . h o o v e r i , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , I s c h y r h i z a s p . , a n d C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a g r o u p w i t h a s i m i l a r i t y o f 0 . 3 i n b r a c k e t 2 ( F i g u r e 6 3 ) . T h e l a s t s p e c i e s i s t h e s e m i - c o s m o p o l i t a n t a x o n I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , w h i c h s h o w s a d e g r e e o f c o s m o p o l i t a n i s m w i t h a s i m i l a r i t y i n d e x o f 0 . 4 8 i n b r a c k e t 4 ( F i g u r e 6 5 ) . T w o d i s t i n c t c l u s t e r s a r e p r e s e n t i n e a c h o f t h e t r e e s ( F i g u r e s 6 0 a n d 6 6 ) . O n e p o s s i b l e e x p l a n a t i o n f o r t h i s d i v i s i o n i s a g e o g r a p h i c a l o r ( m o r e e x p l i c i t l y ) a l a t i t u d i n a l s e p a r a t i o n . A n o t h e r p o s s i b i l i t y i s a t e m p o r a l d i v i s i o n . R e g a r d i n g a l a t i t u d i n a l s e p a r a t i o n , t h e m o r e s o u t h e r l y f o r m a t i o n s ( l e f t s i d e o f t h e t r e e s ) w o u l d l i k e l y h a v e f o r m e d i n w a r m e r l o c a l e s a s m a n y a r e c a r b o n a t e s s u c h a s t h e l i m e s t o n e s i n K a n s a s a n d C o l o r a d o . T h i s i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e m o r e n o r t h e r n f o r m a t i o n s t h a t w o u l d h a v e b e e n f r o m c o o l e r l o c a l e s a n d t e n d t o b e m o r e s i l i c i c l a s t i c i n n a t u r e s u c h a s t h e s h a l e s o f W y o m i n g a n d S o u t h D a k o t a . T h i s 1 1 6 d i f f e r e n c e i n s u b s t r a t e c o m p o s i t i o n i s i n d i c a t i v e o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t ; c h a l k y f o r m a t i o n s t e n d t o f o r m i n s h a l l o w w a r m w a t e r s , a n d t h e c l a s t i c b o t t o m s a r e c l o s e r t o l a n d a n d a r e a l s o s h a l l o w w a r m w a t e r s b u t m o r e m a r g i n a l m a r i n e . I f , o n t h e o t h e r h a n d t h e d i v i s i o n i s t e m p o r a l , t h e l e f t c l u s t e r s h o w s o l d e r f a u n a s a s t h e f o r m a t i o n s s p a n t h e C e n o m a n i a n t o t h e S a n t o n i a n , a n d t h e r i g h t c l u s t e r ( w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e J R F ) , s p a n s t h e C a m p a n i a n a n d M a a s t r i c h t i a n . B o t h l a t i t u d i n a l a n d t e m p o r a l d i f f e r e n c e s a r e p l a u s i b l e e x p l a n a t i o n s , a n d t o g e t h e r m a y b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h i s d i c h o t o m y i n t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f W I S e l a s m o b r a n c h t a x a . P A E o f g e n e r a F i g u r e 6 7 i s t h e P A E o f t h e g e n e r a f o r t h e c o l l e c t e d d a t a . A n y g e n u s t h a t h a d o n l y o n e o c c u r r e n c e w a s r e m o v e d f r o m t h e a n a l y s i s a s w e r e a n y f o r m a t i o n s t h a t c o n t a i n e d l e s s t h a n 1 0 t a x a . T h e f o r m a t i o n s a n d g e n e r a t h a t r e m a i n e d w e r e u s e d f o r t h e P A E ( d a t a i n A p p e n d i x C ) . T h e r e s u l t i n g s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s t r e e s h o w s t h r e e d i s t i n c t g e o g r a p h i c g r o u p i n g s o r p r o v i n c e s . P r o v i n c e s a r e a c c o r d i n g t o A n s t e y e t a l . ( 2 0 0 3 ) a r e , A l a r g e g e o g r a p h i c a r e a b i o t i c a l l y d i s t i n c t a n d s e p a r a t e d b y p h y s i c a l o r c l i m a t i c b a r r i e r s f r o m a d j a c e n t p r o v i n c e s . E n d e m i c t a x a c o n s t i t u t e 2 5 — 5 0 % o f t h e p r o v i n c i a l b i o t a . S y n o n y m o f r e g i o n ( H a l l a m 1 9 9 4 ) . P A E o f s p e c i e s F i g u r e 6 9 i s t h e P A E o f t h e s p e c i e s f o r t h e c o l l e c t e d d a t a . T h e d a t a r e c e i v e d t h e s a m e t r e a t m e n t a s t h e g e n e r i c d a t a , a n y s p e c i e s w i t h o n l y o n e o c c u r r e n c e w a s r e m o v e d f r o m t h e a n a l y s i s a s w e r e a n y f o r m a t i o n s t h a t c o n t a i n e d l e s s t h a n 1 0 t a x a . T h e f o r m a t i o n s a n d 1 1 7 s p e c i e s t h a t r e m a i n e d w e r e u s e d f o r t h e P A E ( d a t a i n A p p e n d i x D ) . T h e r e s u l t i n g s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s t r e e s h o w s t w o d i s t i n c t g r o u p i n g s t h a t a r e t e m p o r a l l y g r o u p e d t o g e t h e r . I m p l i c a t i o n s o f P A E T h e J R F g e n e r a o n t h e P A E t r e e ( s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s ) p l o t w i t h i n t h e i r o w n g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n i n F i g u r e s 6 7 a n d 6 8 . T h e J R F f o r m s a p r o v i n c e ( P r o v i n c e 1 w h i c h w i l l b e r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n P r o v i n c e ) w i t h t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n i n A l b e r t a , t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n i n W y o m i n g , a n d t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n i n N o r t h D a k o t a , i m p l y i n g t h a t t h e s e f o u r f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e m o r e e n d e m i c g e n e r a w i t h e a c h o t h e r t h a n w i t h t h e o t h e r f o r m a t i o n s . T h e T e x a s g r o u p s b r a c k e t t o g e t h e r i n t h e i r o w n p r o v i n c e ( P r o v i n c e 2 , r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e T e x a s P r o v i n c e ) w i t h A r i z o n a , a n d C o l o r a d o a n d S o u t h D a k o t a f o r m a t h i r d p r o v i n c e ( P r o v i n c e 3 , r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e G r e e n h o r n P r o v i n c e ) . T h e s e p r o v i n c e s l i k e l y r e p r e s e n t e c o r e g i o n s , n o t o n l y s h a r i n g e n d e m i c f a u n a s b u t a l s o s i m i l a r e n v i r o n m e n t s w i t h t h e n o r t h e r n p r o v i n c e b e i n g m o r e c l a s t i c , m u d d y m a t r i x f r o m b e i n g c l o s e r t o t h e s o u r c e t e r r a i n , a n d t h e s o u t h e r n p r o v i n c e s b e i n g w a r m e r , m o r e m a r i n e s e t t i n g s w i t h c a l c a r e o u s d e p o s i t s . T h e J R F s p e c i e s o n t h e P A E ( s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s ) t r e e d o n o t p l o t w i t h i n t h e i r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n b u t w i t h i n a t e m p o r a l s p a c e i n F i g u r e s 6 9 a n d 7 0 . T h e y a r e g r o u p e d w i t h t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n o f W y o m i n g ( C a m p a n i a n ) , t h e T a y l o r G r o u p o f T e x a s ( C a m p a n i a n ) , a n d t h e N a v a r r o G r o u p o f T e x a s ( M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) a l l a t t h e e n d o f t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s ( p r o v i n c e 3 , r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n P r o v i n c e ) . T h e o t h e r f o r m a t i o n s a r e a l l o l d e r , s p a n n i n g t h e C e n o m a n i a n t o t h e S a n t o n i a n w i t h t h e T e x a s 1 1 8 P r o v i n c e ( b r a c k e t 2 ) c o n s i s t i n g o f t h r e e o f t h e T e x a s g r o u p s a n d A r i z o n a , a n d b r a c k e t 1 ( G r e e n h o r n P r o v i n c e ) c o n s i s t i n g S o u t h D a k o t a a n d C o l o r a d o . T h e a d d i t i o n o f t h e s p e c i e s i n t h i s P A E s e e m s t o o v e r r i d e a n y g e o g r a p h i c g r o u p i n g o f s h a r e d e n d e m i c s p e c i e s , a g a i n p o s s i b l y d u e t o “ s p l i t t i n g ” o f s p e c i e s , a n d i n s t e a d g r o u p s t a x a t e m p o r a l l y i n t o p r o v i n c e s . C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s o f J R F b y s t u d y I n i t i a l o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d c o m p a r i s o n s o f t h e s t u d i e s b y C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 3 a n d 1 9 7 9 ) a n d t h e p r e s e n t s t u d y r e v e a l e d d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e f a u n a l c o m p o s i t i o n s a s w e l l a s a d i f f e r e n c e i n f a u n a l c o m p o s i t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o s i t e s ( W H a n d P P F ) . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s h a v e b e e n t e n t a t i v e l y a t t r i b u t e d t o l o c a l i z e d a r e a s o f v a r i a b l e e n e r g y , c r e a t i n g s o r t i n g ( T u l u , 2 0 0 7 ) a n d / o r a s a m p l i n g i s s u e . W h e n 3 c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f t h e e n t i r e J R F d a t a i s p e r f o r m e d b a s e d o n t h e i n d i v i d u a l s t u d i e s , t h i s c u r r e n t s t u d y a n d C a s e ’ s c o m b i n e d w o r k ( 1 9 7 8 3 a n d 1 9 7 9 ) , t h e s p e c i e s n e w t o t h e J R F f o u n d i n t h i s s t u d y c l u s t e r t o g e t h e r . I t w o u l d t h u s a p p e a r t h a t t h e s i m i l a r i t i e s b e t w e e n C a s e ’ s w o r k , a n d t h i s n e w s t u d y , a r e q u i t e l o w . H o w e v e r , t h e s a m e c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s s h o w s a 0 . 5 s i m i l a r i t y i n t h e t a x a f r o m t h e C a s e s t u d i e s ( 1 9 7 8 3 a n d 1 9 7 9 ) a n d t h i s c u r r e n t s t u d y . W h e n t h e c o m b i n e d d a t a o f t h e J R F ( C a s e , 1 9 7 8 3 a n d 1 9 7 9 , a n d t h i s n e w s t u d y ) a r e u s e d i n a c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s a n d P A E f o r t h e W I S , t h e J R F g r o u p s w i t h s i m i l a r l y s i z e d f a u n a s o f t h e s a m e a g e a n d r e l a t i v e g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n . S a m p l i n g i s a l i k e l y f a c t o r i n e x p l a i n i n g t h e d i f f e r e n c e s i n f a u n a l c o m p o s i t i o n b e t w e e n C a s e ( 1 9 7 8 3 a n d 1 9 7 9 ) a n d t h i s s t u d y . C a s e c o l l e c t e d f r o m 1 0 s i t e s , e i t h e r s u r f a c e fl o a t o r d i r e c t l y f r o m t h e m a t r i x , a n d t h i s w o r k u s e d b u l k s a m p l i n g f r o m t w o s i t e s . 1 1 9 T h e s l i g h t d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n W H a n d P P F s e e m t o b e d u e t o s u b t l e d i f f e r e n c e s i n p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s i n e a c h a r e a t h a t m a y i n t u r n a f f e c t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e r e s p e c t i v e f a u n a s . T h e s i t e s a r e b o t h l a g d e p o s i t s c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e s a m e s h o r e f a c e d e p o s i t s a n d s t r a t i g r a p h i c h o r i z o n , a n d a r e o n l y a b o u t 3 k i l o m e t e r s f r o m e a c h o t h e r . C o m p o s i t i o n a l l y t h e f a u n a s a r e v e r y s i m i l a r ( T a b l e 9 ) , w i t h f o u r s p e c i e s a t W H ( H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , S q u a t i r h i n a s p . , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , a n d I s c h y o d u s ) m i s s i n g f r o m P P F , a n d t w o s p e c i e s a t P P F t h a t a r e m i s s i n g f r o m W H ( S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s a n d A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e ) . 1 2 0 F i g u r e 5 4 . W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) 7 5 M a ( a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ) - g e o g r a p h i c a l f o c u s f o r J R F f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y r o u g h l y p o s i t i o n e d ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l a k e y , 2 0 0 9 ) . 1 2 1 T a b l e 2 . J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( M o n t a n a ) f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o t h e f a u n a s f r o m f o r m a t i o n s i n M o n t a n a , W y o m i n g , N o r t h D a k o t a , S o u t h D a k o t a , C o l o r a d o , A l b e r t a , S a s k a t c h e w a n , K a n s a s , A r i z o n a , a n d T e x a s . D a t a w e r e c o m p i l e d f r o m t h e c u r r e n t s t u d y i n a d d i t i o n t o S a h n i , 1 9 7 2 , C a s e , 1 9 7 8 3 , a n d 1 9 7 9 t o c r e a t e t h e J R F ( M o n t a n a ) d a t a s e t . A d d i t i o n a l W I S d a t a c o m e s f r o m : C a s e , 1 9 8 7 , C a s e a n d C a p p e t t a , 1 9 9 7 , C a s e e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 , C a p p e t t a a n d C a s e , 1 9 7 5 b a n d 1 9 9 9 , C a p p e t t a , 1 9 7 3 , E s t e s , 1 9 6 4 , E s t e s e t a l . , 1 9 6 9 , E v e t t s , 1 9 7 9 , B r i n k m a n , 1 9 9 0 , E b e r t h e t a l . , 1 9 9 0 , W i l l i a m s o n e t a l . 1 9 9 3 , B e a v a n a n d R u s s e l l , 1 9 9 9 , C i c i m u r r i , 2 0 0 1 , H o g a n s o n a n d M u r p h y , 2 0 0 2 , W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 , S h i m a d a , 1 9 9 6 , S h i m a d a , 2 0 0 6 , a n d S h i m a d a e t 3 1 . , 2 0 0 6 . x = o c c u r r e n c e o f t a x o n i n f o r m a t i o n . * d e n o t e s g r o u p i n g o f a d d i t i o n a l a n d / o r p r o b l e m a t i c i d e n t i fi c a t i o n s w i t h i n t h e f a m i l y , g e n u s , o r s p e c i e s a s l i s t e d b e l o w : 1 . I n c l u d e d a r e P l y c h o d u s m a m m i l a r i s a n d P t y c h o d u s c f . m a m m i l a r i s 2 . I n c l u d e d a r e P l y c h o d u s r u g o s u s a n d P t y c h o d u s c f . r u g o s u s 3 . I n c l u d e d a r e C h i l o s c y l l i u m g r e e n i a n d C h i l o s c y l l i u m a f f . g r e e n i 4 . I n c l u d e d a r e C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i a n d C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s c f . o l s o n i 5 . I n c l u d e d a r e C a n t i o s c y l l i u m d e c i p i e n s a n d C a n t i o s c y l l i u m a f f . d e c i p i e n s 6 . I n c l u d e d a r e C a r c h a r i a s a m o n e n s i s a n d C a r c h a r i a s a fl . a m o n e n s i s 7 . I n c l u d e d a r e J o h n l o n g i a p a r v i d e n s a n d J o h n l o n g i a c f . p a r v i d e n s 8 . I n c l u d e d a r e S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s r a p h i o d o n a n d S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s c f . r a p h i o d o n 9 . I n c l u d e d a r e S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . a n d c f . S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . I O . I n c l u d e d a r e A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s a n d A r c h a e o l a m n a c f . k o p i n g e n s i s 1 1 . I n c l u d e s C r e t o d u s s e m i p l i c a t u s a n d C . c r a s s i d e n s ( a j u n i o r s y n o n y m o f C . s e m i p l i c a t u s ) a f t e r S c h w i m m e r e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) 1 2 . I n c l u d e d a r e P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i a n d P r o t o l a m n a a f f . s o k o l o v i 1 3 . I n c l u d e d a r e P s e u d o c o r a x g r a n t i a n d P s e u d o c o r a x a f f . g r a n t i 1 4 . I n c l u d e d a r e S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i a n d S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , o f . S . k a u p i 1 5 . I n c l u d e d a r e I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a a n d I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a 1 6 . I n c l u d e d a r e P l y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s a n d P o z c h o t r y g o n a f f . b l a i n e n s i s a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n c f . b l a i n e n s i s 1 7 . I n c l u d e d a r e P t y c h o t r y g o n t e x a n a a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n c f . P . t e x a n a l 8 . I n c l u d e d a r e S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . a n d S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e ( ? ) i n c e r t a e s e d i s 1 2 2 s s i g s s u m u l , , , s u o u s n s m n s s g . e s r M u i n u e e u fi n s o fi w L e u u a g u | ' e u u a g ! A u u s q o p e u e i e i o u q fl u u n i s t u g m o u o . r q s n u o o r g w 1 m u o e e T u o e e u o o - ' - o r 1 i e s o p u | l r o u ‘ r d d fi e d n w d m w s ‘ s s ' s s s s s s s s s S p s s s s s s s s s s r n n n n n n n n n n n s 5 s o n n n n n n r p p p p p p n p p p o o p p p p o o o n p p p p p e u s o o o o o o o o u u q o p o o o o o / o u q q q q ( / q q q o o o q / / / q s s s s s o u j ( R R ( u s s s s s m r o 1 r 1 H H H l o u n H H H H n n n n n d d d d d d d a e a e p e i e i p u s o t p o n u u o p u m o r m o p o n k q l j i i p o u o fi u m o p q u H o l d d 8 Z 1 ; _ Z ' J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X a e p r o q e o p u r r l z e x n a b H g 1 7 2 1 ' p a n u n u o o z a l q a l v E . m G o U : E . 3 N 9 . a . D 0 J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c c F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X l e l s n i e l n o r l s y s s g s n r e p g S d t s u s V e t s s u n u e u p g u o a e : E g [ n e o u r u 1 o o w g G q t s s g g e U / a u o u - o u 8 s u l l o — 8 r e u e o a ' — i a s ' B ' - n p w j d i d J u i a d e S e o b b s 5 r g s w s w n n o u w u s s s o o u s s w u u r n i r m d J ' d s s n n n l r r r m m g n m a n s n i r r o m s n n n n q m / o - p m u u u n r r / o d m l j k { o q o a u fi o o o o / o o E u s u p p a p ( s o i s o o i o o s s s o e e s s / k e e o o r r r o r s o o o s u u o o k n e e r u e o n r n o o o u n l I r r r q e o u u b u e e u u u a a a u i i u r n e r u e e s H H e H ] g o o o g o 9 m g g g g n | ‘ s e a e a G B P H B U U o a s r p p u o s r r u o w u n r fi m o j s q o l o u r o r i q w p o a o o r o 1 " o I l H o D r o r o H o r o a i o _ a n . ‘ 9 Z 1 I . ( D p . ( D " 1 O O . O D 3 . Q . 3 ? ( D — — H l l l _ ° p 9 n u p u o o z : 9 q u ; J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X i i i s r n m o a e i s e n m s m u e e h fl m e s s . m a l p s . r t s r e s n o . n a h m i s e r T i i a d a e r e t n g a o n h d t s n i n 1 A B m m d o n n e a . . . . p . a u u o . m e o o f t r p p m p p i i c l l n d d l l o o a c g s s s s h g s i s s s s s s s s s s y y c c h a a a u u a a a a a c c n n . s s i i r a n n i d d i i i i i r r r r r o o a a o o r t t a h h t t h h r a a a a a r r h h h h h a a a c c P a a c c o o h c c c c c i i r r r r r r r r r p p c l l a a a a a a a a . a r y y P P P P H H c C C C C C C C a f g e a e d a i d t i n i o l d l o y s c e c s m n a i r h a R P r o f i n m a L 1 2 6 T a b l e 2 c o n t i n u e d . 1 w u o n w u o a i 9 9 0 n a n 1 w u o r w u u o a m m l r u p n r A M “ u o n e u u o d Q P J Q A B S Q W “ A M u o i r e u u o g a o u e ' ] ( I N u o u e u u o a i 9 9 0 1 1 9 H ( I S 9 1 9 9 8 9 1 1 1 1 9 3 ) a s u o n e u u o g t u o q u a o i g 0 3 a u o i s a u r i ' ] u r o q u a a i g a v u o m u u o a m m u n p n r 3 v u o r w u u o q ) { J B d i n e s o u i q ) r s u o r w u u o a m m m t p n r ) 1 3 u o n e u u o d e r e i q o r N s x u o u e u m d 9 1 9 1 1 8 a m m o S ) I ) l l m l l ) m m ( 1 0 W x . 1 . d n o r g 1 0 1 / ( c l x 1 d n o r g u n s n v x . 1 . d n o r g p r o d 9 1 8 2 3 x . 1 . d n o r g a u i q p o o m Z V w a r r i o r s / ( 3 r u o q u o a i g X I d n o r g O J J B A B N x > < ? R h i n c o d o n t i d a c O d o n t a s p i d i d a e C a r c h a r i a s h o l m d e l e n s i s C a r c h a r i a s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s C a r c h a r i a s t e n u i I i c a t u s C e n o c a r c h a r i a s t e n u i p l i c a t u s a r z p r u r i n a n a e p r u r q r fi x o s r r a r i w g L Z I ' p o n u p u o o z : 1 q u E ? 9 . o a c m J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X a y l o r G r o u p T X G r o u p T X 8 Z 1 ' p a n u n u o o z a r q a l > : 3 1 ‘ . ) o O . 1 m 9 Q . a : 0 J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X a n p r i e u r 6 Z 1 ' p o n u n u o o z a i q e l ( I ) o ‘ 5 . , 5 . . . . , E E . Q - a : 0 J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X o n p i i e q o s d / ( H O i l ' p a n u n u o o z a i q e l § 3 O 0 " m ' 3 . D . a : o J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X l i l ' p G I l U I J U O O z a i q e l J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X e s s u i u s g p a g e s a e r l m n u s t n o o e r s u a z ] b g u s ‘ l u u u u o p u g r ' S l S U B e u u - ' e a a u 1 O n u U a e e U d s A x g ; d u i 1 m G ' d J e a - 9 | u 1 e s r M r a a s s s U s s o s d a s ‘ e ' n o J n n n o n 3 s u u u u u u u 3 o u u u q n p ; U i J o o o o o o o u o o o e B u o u u fi z q t b p u u ' q 9 O ' d d / A A u o o o d s 1 O m S / i g U u u u s 2 A b b u A U m u 9 S s i r n i o r r J i r ‘ m u ‘ fi o o J l l q e i 1 J o o o o o O y 9 I t u u u z r J m e B r i e r J r o o o g A a e / a e é o a e q u o / o o u O U fl q u o l m r m u x m l S x 0 s n ( 1 i o B e a p a e d s O l s d i a d d d d d 3 ‘ ‘ s a w m j r i e q o i l / ( w Z E I c u p p a / ( s e q g 1 a v p r n s u d 8 1 ¢ a s a s a s a s a s _ 7 t 1 L ' p o n u p u o o z a l q e l J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X X X X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X € 9 € V Z V 6 V 6 E I Z 9 9 8 Z 1 2 6 1 6 1 [ I 7 Z 5 t 7 9 2 5 1 9 1 0 ] 0 1 l o B o ‘ o O . o 3 a . D J ( ' 0 € 5 1 ' p a n u n u o o 2 ; a n e l s u m m o n / ( w J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D C a r l i l e S h a l e S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e C O J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n S K N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k K S G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m A Z W o o d b i n e G r o u p T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p T X A u s t i n G r o u p T X T a y l o r G r o u p T X N a v a r r o G r o u p T X n a w e h n o h t r i e t c i d u J v a i m R r o F t a k s a S a t r e b l A a n a t n o M a t o k a D h t u o S a t o k a D h t r o N : n i m 0 W o d a r o l o C s a s n a K s a x e T a n o z i r A n o i t a m r o F ‘ _ , . . " " m m o e h h n t e o e l r c G y . c 1 3 4 f o r T a b l e 2 . F i g u r e 5 5 . G e n e r a l i z e d c o r r e l a t i o n c h a r t o f f o r m a t i o n s / u n i t s o f t h e W I S i n t h e s t u d y . J R F M o n t a n a i s b r a c k e t e d i n b l a c k . I n f o r m a t i o n g a t h e r e d f r o m s t u d i e s c i t e d i n c a p t i o n n a n q o i n s a ' e w u a i u t a d u m g u e r u o r u a s u a r o a i u o g u e r u o r n l n e m a m o u o g ‘ W ‘ - 1 H e l l L a n c e C r e e k F o r m a t i o n F o r m a t i o n N a v a r r o G r o u p . ‘ . . J u d i t h , " M e s a v e r d e " . . . . ’ J u d i t h R i v c r / T a y l o r ' ' F o r m a t i o n r ' ' - , g . ‘ R i v e r D i n o s a u r G r o u p . _ , » . - F o r m a t i o n A u s t i n G r o u p F o r t H a y s L i m e s t o n e : 1 : ‘ C a r l i l e S h a l e N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n T a b l e 3 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o " M e s a v e r d e " F o r m a t i o n f a u n a . T h e t w o f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e 1 3 s p e c i e s ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . 1 3 5 < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > x fi x X X x x x < > < > < > < > < > < > < > x < > x x x x x x X J R F M T " M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n " W Y H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s H y b o d u s s t o r e r i H y b o d u s w y o m i n g e n s i s L i s s o d u s g r i f f i s i C e n t r o p h o r o i d e s w o r l a n d e n s i s S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s S y n e c h o d u s t u r n e r i C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s B r a c h a e l u r u s b i g h o m e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s G i n g l y m o s t o m a g l o b i d e n s H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s H y p o t o d u s s p p . O d o n t a s p i s c h e a t h a m i O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i O d o n t a s p i s s t e i n e r i P s e u d o d o n t a s p i s h e r b s t i S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s t e x a n u s A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . 3 . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s S c y l i o r h i n u s t e n s l e e p e n s i s A r c h a e o t r i a k i s o r n a t u s A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e R h i n o b a t o s c a s i e r i S q u a t i r h i n a r o e s s i n g i S q u a t i r h i n a s p . A n k i s t r o r h y n c h u s w a s h a k i e n s i s I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a b a s i n e n s i s I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n b o o t h i P t y c h o t r y g o n e l l a e P t y c h o t r y g o n g r e y b u l l e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s > 4 ) 4 X X X > < t o t a l s 1 3 6 2 8 3 2 x x x x x x x x x X J R F M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n M T L a n c e F o r m a t i o n W Y H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s x H y b o d u s s t o r e r i x L i s s o d u s s e l a c h o s x x S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s H y p o t o d u s s p p . O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e S q u a t i r h i n a a m e r i c a n a x S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X t o t a l s 2 8 4 4 T a b l e 4 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o H e l l C r e e k ( M T ) a n d L a n c e f o r m a t i o n s f a u n a s . J R F s h a r e s 3 s p e c i e s w i t h H e l l C r e e k a n d 2 s p e c i e s L a n c e F o r m a t i o n w i t h ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . 1 3 7 x x x x x x < > < x > x x J R F M T D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n A B J R F A B X X H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s H y b o d u s s t o r e r i S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s C a r c h a r i a s s t e i n e r i x H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s H y p o t o d u s s p p . O d o n t a s p i s a c u l e a t u s x O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s x x x x x x x x x x x X x x x x x x X X X N 0 0 t o t a l s 1 0 2 T a b l e 5 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o D i n o s a u r P a r k a n d J R F ( A l b e r t a f a u n a s ) . J R F s h a r e s 8 s p e c i e s w i t h D i n o s a u r P a r k a n d 2 s p e c i e s w i t h J R F A l b e r t a ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . 1 3 8 < > < > < > < > < > < > < > ¢ > < > < > ¢ > < > < > < > < > x x x x x x x x x x J R F M T N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n S K J R F S K H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s H y b o d u s s t o r e r i P t y c h o d u s r u g o s u s x S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s H y p o t o d u s s p p . O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i O d o n t a s p i s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s x S y n o d o n t a s p i s l i l l i a e x A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s x C r e t o d u s s p . x C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a x C r e t o x y r h i n a m a n t e l l i x P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i x S q u a l i c o r a x f a l c a t u s x S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e R h i n o b a t o s s p . x S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . ‘ P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s C r e t o m a n t a c a n a d e n s i s x t o t a l s 2 8 8 1 T a b l e 6 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o J R F ( S a s k a t c h e w a n ) a n d N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n . T h e J R F ( M T ) s h a r e s o n l y o n e s p e c i e s w i t h t h e J R F S a s k a t c h e w a n ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) a n d n o s p e c i e s w i t h t h e N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n . 1 3 9 < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > x x X ‘ b " ‘ . J R F M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s H y b o d u s s t o r e r i S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s C a r c h a r i a s s p . x H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s H y p o t o d u s s p p . O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i x O d o n t a s p i s s p . x A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a X X P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i x S e r r a t o l a m n a s e r r a t a x P a r a n o m o t o d o n s p . x S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . 8 . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s x G a l e o r h i n u s s p . x A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e x P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e x ? P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s s p . x S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t e x a n a x P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . x P e y e r i a s p . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s X X X X _ ' X l — ‘ L - i X I 1 . . . I X X t o t a l s 2 8 l 1 T a b l e 7 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n N D f a u n a . T h e t w o f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e 3 s p e c i e s ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . 1 4 0 < > < > < > < > < > X X X X < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > J R F M T G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n S D H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s x H y b o d u s s t o r e r i x P t y c h o d u s a n o n y m u s P t y c h o d u s d e c u r r e n s P t y c h o d u s o c c i d e n t a l i s P t y c h o d u s w h i p p l e i P t y c h o d u s s p . S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s C a r c h a r i a s a m o n e n s i s C a r c h a r i a s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s C a r c h a r i a s t e n u i p l i c a t u s C a r c h a r i a s s p . H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s x H y p o t o d u s s p p . J o h n l o n g i a p a r v i d e n s x O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i x S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s r a p h i o d o n x A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s x C r e t o d u s s e m i p l i c a t u s x C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a x x C r e t o x y r h i n a m a n t e l l i x P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i x S q u a l i c o r a x c u r v a t u s x S q u a l i c o r a x f a l c a t u s x S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i x S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s x S q u a l i c o r a x v o l g e n s i s x A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e R h i n o b a t o s i n c e r t u s x S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a c f . a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a I s c h y r h i z a s p . P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s C r e t o m a n t a c a n a d e n s i s x t o t a l s 2 8 1 9 T a b l e 8 . J R F f a u n a c o m p a r e d t o G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n f a u n a . T h e t w o f o r m a t i o n s s h a r e 1 s p e c i e s ( l a r g e , b o l d " X " ) . 1 4 1 o s r l q i r r “ m " T o é I T ' 5 0 3 r " T J _ ' _ I ' _ I _ _ T _ L ' I J 7 0 l — ' l I l 7 I I o ‘ - ° ’ . ‘ 1 ? ' fi ‘ 9 . ‘ 9 . V . m . 9 ! o o o o o o o o S i m i l a r i t y F i g u r e 5 6 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . E a c h b r a c k e t e d c l u s t e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n m o r e d e t a i l i n F i g u r e s 5 7 - 5 9 . 1 4 2 F i g u r e 5 7 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 5 6 , b r a c k e t 1 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . S y n o d o n t a s p i s ( A ) , O d o n t a s p i s “ ( B * ) , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s “ ( C * ) , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s * ( D * ) , H y p o t o d u s * ( E * ) , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s * ( F * ) , S y n e c h o d u s “ ( G * ) , C e n t r o p h o r o i d e s ( H ) , B r a c h a e l u r u s ( I ) , P s e u d o d o n t a s p i s ( J ) , A n k i s t r o r h y n c h u s ( K ) , I s c h y r h i z a * ( L * ) , M y l e d a p h u s * ( M * ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . * ( N * ) , A r c h a e o l a m n a * ( 0 * ) , C a r c h a r h i n i f o r m e s i n c e r t a e s e d i s ( P ) , a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n * ( Q * ) . 1 4 3 g ; 0 . 9 T 0 . 8 ‘ 0 . 7 ‘ 0 . 6 " 0 . 5 ‘ 0 . 4 " 0 . 3 - 0 . 2 2 0 1 0 1 4 4 F i g u r e 5 8 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 5 6 , b r a c k e t 2 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . J o h n l o n g i a ( R ) , C r e t o d u s ( S ) , S q u a l i c o r a x * ( T * ) , ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( U ) , F a m i l y - ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( V ) , C r e t o x y r h i n a ( W ) , D a l l a s i e l l a ( X ) , K i e s t u s ( Y ) , C r e t o m a n t a ( Z ) , P r o t o l a m n a * ( A A * ) , P o l y a c r o d u s ( A B ) , H y b o d u s * ( A C * ) , ? R h i n c o d o n t i d a c ( A D ) , L e p t o s t y r a x ( A E ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s ( A F ) , O n c h o p r i s t i s ( A G ) , E n a n t i o b a t i s ( A H ) , P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s ( A I ) , C r e t o l a m n a * ( A J * ) , P a r a i s u r u s ( A K ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m ( A L ) , S c y l i o r h i n i d a e ( A M ) , D a s y a t i s ( A N ) , M i c r o c o r a x ( A 0 ) , P a r a r h i n d o d o n ( A P ) , P t y c h o d u s ( A Q ) , ? D a s y a t i d a e ( A R ) , S q u a t i r h i n a “ ( A S * ) , a n d C e n o c a r c h a r i a s ( A T ) . 1 4 5 E s s a 0 1 0 9 - 0 . 8 - 7 6 0 . 4 - 0 . 3 - 4 0 2 0 . 2 - 1 4 6 F i g u r e 5 9 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 5 6 , b r a c k e t 3 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f g e n e r a b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . G i n g l y m o s t o m a ( A U ) , N e b r i u s ( A V ) , A n o m o t o d o n ( A W ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s ( A X ) , S q u a t i g a l e u s ( A Y ) , T r i a k i d a e o r C a r c h i a r h i n i d a e i n d e t . g e n . ( A Z ) , R a j a ( B A ) , H a m r a b a t i s ( B B ) , S c h i z o r h i z a ( B C ) , C o u p a t e z i a ( B D ) , T e x a b a t i s ( B E ) , R h o m b o d u s ( B F ) , E w i n g i a ( B G ) , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a “ ( B H * ) , P e y e r i a ( B I ) , C a r c h a r i a s ( B J ) , S e r r a t o l a m n a ( B K ) , G a l e o r h i n u s ( B L ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m “ ( B M * ) , S o m n i o s i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( B N ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . o r C a r c h a r i a s s p . ( B 0 ) , O n c h o s a u r u s ( B P ) , B r a c h y r h i z o d u s ( B Q ) , M y l i o b a t i d a e ( B R ) , T e x a t r y g o n ( B S ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s ( B T ) , P s e u d o c o r a x ( B U ) , R h i n o b a t o s ( B V ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s ( B W ) , P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m ( B X ) , S q u a t i n a ( B Y ) , S q u a l u s ( B Z ) , L i s s o d u s ( C A ) , H e x a n c h u s ( C B ) , E t m o p t e r i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( C C ) , P a l a e o g a l e u s ( C D ) , R a j i d a e ( C E ) , a n d P a r a n o m o t o d o n ( C F ) . 1 4 7 0 . N y t i r a l ’ o 9 i m i S 0 s . o 0 r w . . r 0 N 0 . 1 ' m a : 1 f l u f f - " 7 5 5 i t ) ” 1 8 . 1 . ] . M f g ] ; [ B i l ( m l ! [ fi l l 1 ) ] 1 8 ) ] . 1 , 1 1 1 5 ( B O : f i z l l l i l 1 1 1 , 1 1 5 . " r i m 1 5 3 ‘ 1 4 8 F i g u r e 6 0 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f f o r m a t i o n s b y g e n e r a f r o m t h e W I S . B r a c k e t 1 S D C a r l i l e S h a l e ( A ) , K S C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n ( B ) , K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k ( C ) , T X A u s t i n G r o u p ( D ) , T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p ( E ) , A Z G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m ( F ) , K S N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n ( G ) , S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n ( H ) , C O G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e ( I ) , T X W o o d b i n e G r o u p ( J ) , T X T a y l o r G r o u p ( K ) , a n d T X N a v a r r o G r o u p ( L ) . B r a c k e t 2 N D H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( M ) , S K J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( N ) , A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( 0 ) , M T J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n * ( P * ) , A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r r n a t i o n ( Q ) , W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n ( R ) , M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( S ) , a n d W Y “ M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n ” ( T ) - 1 4 9 — | — “ N ” I 0 : 1 1 . 0 . u ' : 0 1 4 : “ p l 0 _ . 5 3 Z I 1 — E l 3 " \ - _ - ' I x I _ , . 2 I l . — t r ) . " N ( 9 L L L L l ‘ . l n 0 0 “ ' 3 . ' 0 1 m l — < | I I t I f I I I I o . — 0 2 0 ° . N < 0 . w . v m . o r O O O O O O O O S i m i l a r i t y 1 5 0 ] E E L 1 2 : 7 " ] g L L l l i ” | l l 1 i " 0 0 2 5 2 1 5 2 U 4 2 7 . 0 4 2 - 2 1 . 0 0 0 ' E 1 7 5 1 5 0 f fi 3 3 2 5 5 } . o C 3 2 5 % . 3 ? . S i m i l a r i t y F i g u r e 6 1 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . E a c h b r a c k e t e d c l u s t e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n m o r e d e t a i l i n F i g u r e s 6 2 - 6 5 . 1 5 1 F i g u r e 6 2 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 1 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . O d o n t a s p i s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s ( A ) , P t y c h o d u s r u g o s u s ( B ) , S y n o d o n t a s p i s l i l l i a e ( C ) , C r e t o d u s s p . ( D ) , S q u a l i c o r a x f a l c a t u s ( E ) , C r e t o m a n t a c a n a d e n s i s ( F ) , P t y c h o d u s w h i p p l e i ( G ) , P t y c h o d u s s p . ( H ) , P t y c h o d u s c o n n e l l y i ( I ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s r a p h i o d o n ( J ) , R h i n o b a t o s i n c e r t u s ( K ) , C r e t o x y r h i n a m a n t e l l i ( L ) , P t y c h o d u s m o r t o n i ( M ) , P r o t o l a m n a c o m p r e s s i d e n s ( N ) , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . 1 ( 0 ) , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . 2 ( P ) , R h i n o b a t o s k i e s t e n s i s ( Q ) , R h i n o b a t o s l o b a t u s ( R ) , K i e s t u s t e x a n u s ( S ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s p r i s c u s ( T ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s s p . ( U ) , T e x a t i y g o n h o o v e r i ( V ) , D a l l a s i e l l a w i l l i s t o n i ( W ) , P t y c h o d u s l a t i s s i m u s ( X ) , H y b o d u s s p . 3 ( Y ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s s p . ( Z ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m g r e e n i ( A A ) , S q u a l i c o r a x v o l g e n s i s ( A B ) , C a r c h a r i a s a m o n e n s i s ( A C ) , S q u a l i c o r a x c u r v a t u s ( A D ) , P t y c h o d u s a n o n y m u s ( A E ) , P o l y a c r o d u s i l l i n g s w o r t h i ( A F ) , P t y c h o d u s o c c i d e n t a l i s ( A G ) , ? R h i n c o d o n t i d a e ( A H ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . A ( A 1 ) , S q u a l i c o r a x s p . ( A J ) , P t y c h o d u s m a m m i l a r i s ( A K ) , P t y c h o d u s d e c u r r e n s ( A L ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m s p . ( A M ) , C r e t o d u s s e m i p l i c a t u s ( A N ) , C r e t o l a m n a w o o d w a r d i ( A 0 ) , c f . L e p t o s t y r a x s p . ( A P ) , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a h o p i i ( A Q ) , I s c h y r h i z a s c h n e i d e r i ( A R ) , O n c h o p r i s t i s d u n k l e i ( A S ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n r u b y a e ( A T ) , B r a c h a e l u r u s g r e e n i ( A U ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m d e c i p i e n s ( A V ) , ? R h i n o b a t o s i n c e r t u s s p . ( A W ) , ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( A X ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n I e d o u x i ( A Y ) , P o r c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s * ( A Z * ) , R h i n o b a t o s s p . ( B A ) , S y n e c h o d u s i l l i n g w o r t h i ? ( B B ) , P o r c h o d u s p o l y g y r u s ( B C ) , J o h n l o n g i a p a r v i d e n s ( B D ) , S y n e c h o d u s s p . ( B E ) , a n d F a m i l y - ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e ( B F ) . 1 5 2 a n ? é . a . a I . . . 5 . . . . . . a : I I . I I I . . _ I I _ I I I : I . _ I 9 5 . I . ” T A ” : I i i . I f . I . . . . I _ I _ . I . _ : H M E I ? e m I _ I . _ . . . I . I I . . . c . m fi 3 . , I » : I E Z I I . . 2 . L L : 5 . i t . a n I ? . 6 . _ m y I . I E : I m m I , 4 ! 4 4 . O 4 0 a s . a ; O . r A . 4 v 4 4 0 0 . ? A M A a 4 4 4 4 0 . 3 . 0 0 4 h e » 0 u 4 4 4 4 . 4 4 0 6 0 G O . ~ , / ( 9 % . . . 4 & 4 » 4 , 4 0 4 . 0 & 0 4 0 2 . 3 4 4 4 $ 4 0 4 6 0 0 . 8 . 1 — 2 : . S N . 3 W E . r m . m p a . S I E . i n . o . a 8 3 3 w F i g u r e 6 3 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 2 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . ? P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s s p . ( B G ) , O d o n t a s p i s a m o n e n s i s ( B H ) , L i s s o d u s s p . ( B I ) , H y b o d u s s p . ( B J ) , H y b o d u s s p . 1 ( B K ) , H y b o d u s s p . 2 ( B L ) , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s s p . ( B M ) , P a r a r h i n c o d o n a f f . l e h m a m ' ( B N ) , C e n o c a r c h a r i a s t e n u i p l i c a t u s ( B O ) , O d o n t a s p i s t e n u i p l i c a t u s ( B P ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s a fi . p r a e r a p h i o d o n ( B Q ) , L e p t o s t y r a x m a c r o r h i z a ( B R ) , P a r a i s u r u s c o m p r e s s u s ( B S ) , P r o t o l a m n a c a r t e r i ( B T ) , S q u a l i c o r a x b a h a r i j e n s i s ( B U ) , P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s m c n u l t y i ( B V ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n s l a u g h t e r i ( B W ) , ? D a s y a t i d a e ( B X ) , E n a n t i o b a t i s t a r r a n t e n s i s ( B Y ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n h 0 0 v e r i * ( B Z * ) , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i “ ( C A * ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m s p . ( C B ) , M i c r o c o r a x c r a s s u s ( C C ) , ? S q u a t i r h i n a s p . ( C D ) , I s c h y r h i z a s p . * ( C E * ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . ( C F ) , O d o n t a s p i s s p . ( C G ) , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a * ( C H * ) , P e y e r i a s p . ( C I ) , c f . P a r a r h i n c o d o n s p . ( C J ) , C a r c h a r i a s s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s ( C K ) , C a r c h a r i a s t e n u i p l i c a t u s ( C L ) , c f . J o h n / o n g i a s p . ( C M ) , C a r c h a r h i n i f o r m e s i n c e r t a e s e d i s ( C N ) , a n d P n z c h o t r y g o n s p . ( C 0 ) . 1 5 4 1 , 1 1 } l e :2 jjfimui 5:1 .1 .r .4, )d'i'HI-iriffii hit [(1111: m a m ) 3 5 1 3 3 3 "’v'x'wu‘rr, Tiling >1 r c l ' U I U E ‘ . . . ‘ l. ‘ . L111 ( U r a l 9p. lfll. - - - . 0 - 8 4 6 O . . 7 2 8 . 4 0 O 0,36 ‘ y t i r a ' i m i S d - 0 . 2 4 2 1 0 5 0 I 7 5 1 0 0 F i g u r e 6 4 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 3 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . C a r c h a r i a s s t e i n e r i ( C P ) , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i * ( C Q * ) , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s * ( C R * ) , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e * ( C S * ) , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a “ ( C T * ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s * ( C U * ) , S q u a t i r h i n a s p . * ( C V * ) , O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i * ( C W * ) , M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s * ( C X * ) , H y p o t o d u s s p p . * ( C Y * ) , S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i “ ( C Z * ) , H y b o d u s s t o r e r i * ( D A * ) , H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s “ ( D B * ) , S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s “ D C * ) , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s * ( D D * ) , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r 0 c h e l l e a e * ( D B * ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . * ( D F * ) , A r c h a e o l a m n a k 0 p i n g e n s i s * ( D G * ) , B r a c h a e l u r u s b i g h o m e n s i s ( D H ) , L i s s o d u s g r i f fi s i ( D I ) , C e n t r o p h o r o i d e s w o r l a n d e n s i s ( D J ) , S y n e c h o d u s t u r n e r i ( D K ) , C h i l o s c y l l i u m m i s s o u r i e n s i s “ ( D L * ) , G i n g l y m o s t o m a g l o b i d e n s ( D M ) , O d o n t a s p i s c h e a t h a m i ( D N ) , O d o n t a s p i s s t e i n e r i ( D 0 ) , P s e u d o d o n t a s p i s h e r b s t i ( D P ) , S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i * ( D Q * ) , S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s * ( D R * ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s t e n s l e e p e n s i s ( D S ) , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s o r n a t u s ( D T ) , S q u a t i r h i n a r o e s s i n g i ( D U ) , A n k i s t r o r h y n c h u s w a s h a k i e n s i s ( D V ) , I s c h y r h i z a b a s i n e n s i s ( D W ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n b o o t h i ( D X ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n e l l a e ( D Y ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n g r e y b u l / e n s i s ( D Z ) , R h i n o b a t o s c a s i e r i ( E A ) , a n d S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s t e x a n u s ( E B ) . 1 5 6 m r y t i r a l i m i S ; m m “ t u t o r i a l . . J t 1 C 1 “ m : 1 C ) “ - U l l l i 1 C 2 ” - r ' r ' l r ' l g D P ) 1 1 1 1 3 3 m i f l ’ 1 1 . 1 5 9 % 1 1 8 1 1 [ D i l l d r i l l ' i i ‘ l b f ' ! - : 5 , 1 1 1 . 1 0 : . 9 1 1 1 . 1 4 0 5 " i i i ( ” 1 1 2 1 1 ; 1 1 " i n f i l l 1 m ! r 1 1 . 1 0 . 9 6 4 0 . 8 4 - 0 . 7 2 - 0 . 6 - 0 . 4 8 - 0 . 3 6 - 0 . 2 4 - 0 . 1 2 - 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 5 0 1 5 7 F i g u r e 6 5 . S u b s e t f r o m fi g u r e 6 1 , b r a c k e t 4 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f s p e c i e s b y f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e W I S . H y b o d u s w y o m i n g e n s i s ( E C ) , O d o n t a s p i s a c u l e a t u s ( E D ) , H e x a n c h u s s p . ( E E ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s g r a n t i ( E F ) , G i n g l y m o s t o m a s p . ( E G ) , N e b r i u s s p . ( E H ) , R h i n o b a t o s c r a d d o c k i ( E l ) , R a j a f a r i s h i ( E J ) , H a m r a b a t i s w e l t o n i ( E K ) , I s c h y r h i z a m o n a s t e r i c a ( E L ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n v e r m i c u l a t a ( E M ) , P o r c h o t r y g o n w i n n i ( E N ) , S c h i z o r h i z a c f . w e i l e r i ( E 0 ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s p e t t e r s i ( E P ) , C o u p a t e z i a t u r n e r i ( E Q ) , D a s y a t i s c o m m e r c e n s i s ( E R ) , T e x a b a t i s c o r r u g a t a ( E S ) , R h o m b o d u s b i n k h o r s t i ( E T ) , R h o m b o d u s ? s p . ( E U ) , E w i n g i a p r o b l e m a t i c a ( E V ) , R h i n o b a t o s u v u l a t u s ( E W ) , S q u a l u s s p . ( E X ) , L i s s o d u s a f f . b a b u l s k i i ( E Y ) , L i s s o d u s s p p . ( E Z ) , H e x a n c h u s m i c r o d o n ( F A ) , S q u a l u s h u n t e n s i s ( F B ) , S q u a t i n a h a s s e i ( F C ) , C a n t i o s c y l l i u m m e y e r i ( F D ) , P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m a n t i q u u m ( F E ) , C a r c h a r i a s h e a t h i ( F F ) , C a r c h a r i a s h o l m d e l e n s i s ( F G ) , C a r c h a r i a s c f . s a m h a m m e r i ( F H ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . 1 ( F I ) , A n o m o t o d o n t o d d i ( F J ) , C r e t o l a m n a m a r o c c a n a ( F K ) , C r e t o l a m n a s p . ( F L ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s i v a g r a n t a e ( F M ) , G a l e o r h i n u s a f f . g i r a r d o t i ( F N ) , P a l a e o g a l e u s n a v a r r o e n s i s ( F 0 ) , S q u a t i g a l e u s s u l p h u r e n s i s ( F P ) , T r i a k i d a e o r C a r c h a r h i n i d a e i n d e t . g e n . ( F Q ) + , S c y l i o r h i n u s a r l i n g t o n e n s i s ( F R ) + , P t y c h o t r y g o n t e x a n a ( F S ) + , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . ( F T ) , S q u a t i r h i n a a m e r i c a n a ( F U ) , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a * ( F V * ) , R h i n o b a t o s l a d o n i a e n s i s ( F W ) , L i s s o d u s s e l a c h o s ( F X ) , S o m n i o s i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( F Y ) , E t m o p t e r i n a e ( s u b f a m i l y ) ( F Z ) , P a r a r h i n c o d o n g r o e s s e n s s i ( G A ) , S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s s p . o r C a r c h a r i a s s p . ( G B ) , S c y l i o r h i n u s t a y l o r e n s i s ( G C ) , O n c h o s a u r u s p h a r o ( G D ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s f a n n i n e n s i s ( G E ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s s p . ( G F ) , T e x a t r y g o n c o p e i ( G G ) , M y l i o b a t i d a e ( G H ) , P t y c h o t r y g o n a g u j a G I ) , P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m d e r a m e e i ( G J ) , C a r c h a r i a s s p . B ( G K ) , S e r r a t o l a m n a s e r r a t a ( G L ) , G a l e o r h i n u s s p . ( G M ) , P a l a e o g a l e u s s p . ( G N ) , R a j i d a e ( G 0 ) , B r a c h y r h i z o d u s w i c h i t a e n s i s ( G P ) , P s e u d o c o r a x g r a n t i ( G Q ) , S c y l i o r h i n i d a e ( G R ) , I s c h y r h i z a t e x a n a ( G S ) , D a s y a t i s s p p . ( G T ) , S c l e r o r h y n c h u s s p . ( G U ) , H e t e r o d o n t u s c f . c a n a l i c u l a t u s ( G V ) , a n d P a r a n o m o t o d o n s p . ( G W ) . N o t e : T r i a k i d a e o r C a r c h a r h i n i d a e i n d e t . g e n . ( F Q ) + , S c y l i o r h i n u s a r l i n g t o n e n s i s ( F R ) + , P t y c h o t r y g o n t e x a n a ( F S ) + a r e o f f s e t i n t h e fi g u r e d u e t o c r o w d i n g o f t h e t r e e . 1 5 8 _ 1101111]ij 1.11:.in S. l e i l l f i fi d ‘ r j g lentil till. alter." { E 0 1 t h 8 m ; '11- E "'1figs; 021".)551,‘ f- ‘1. 511115.115 : d ( war: ii. :rt’li‘irfdg’tr; l-‘fdt’f'glii'm iii: 1 0 3 6 a m . 7 1151 1 1 1 1 1 , “ I f 111111111] 4 . 1 1 : . sp. 1 0 0 . run: 160. a . " n (112'. i 1,011. H P . ( C 0 . 1211 ‘ l ' l l t ‘ f l l l l ; air 1 l e . . w 4 0.96 0.84 0 . 7 2 0 . 6 0.48 0.36 0 . 2 4 0 . 1 2 . . . . . . . . y t fi a n m i S F i g u r e 6 6 . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s o f f o r m a t i o n s b y s p e c i e s f r o m t h e W I S . B r a c k e t 1 S D C a r l i l e S h a l e ( A ) , K S C a r l i l e S h a l e F o r m a t i o n ( B ) , K S N i o b r a r a C h a l k ( C ) , T X E a g l e F o r d G r o u p ( D ) , T X A u s t i n G r o u p ( E ) , A Z G r e e n h o r n C y c l o t h e m ( F ) , S D G r e e n h o r n F o r m a t i o n ( G ) , C O G r e e n h o r n L i m e s t o n e ( H ) , K S N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n ( I ) , a n d T X W o o d b i n e G r o u p ( J ) . B r a c k e t 2 N D H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( K ) , T X T a y l o r G r o u p ( L ) , T X N a v a r r o G r o u p ( M ) , W Y L a n c e F o r m a t i o n ( N ) , M T H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( 0 ) , S K J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( P ) , M T J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n * ( 0 * ) , W Y “ M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n ” ( R ) , A B J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( S ) , a n d A B D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( T ) . 1 6 0 — i . 1 . D . . ” i m 0 * O n O z 2 . x - I ( u 1 0 o m < — _ _ | H fi ; | " _ — . _ w _ I 8 O I 2 3 O 3 : O ‘ ° I . 3 O r . 8 O I . 8 O I % 9 O S i m i l a r i t y " _ . - . ' . ' . — 2 0 n \ D Q . ‘ . 5 $ | L N N 1 2 m ‘ * I N ‘ o 1 6 1 1 6 2 F i g u r e 6 7 . P A E s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s o f W I S g e n e r a . I L , ‘ i . + = J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n P r o v i n c e . = T e x a s P r o v i n c e I = G r e e n h o r n P r o v i n c e F i g u r e 6 8 . W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) 7 5 M a ( a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ) - g e o g r a p h i c a l f o c u s f o r J R F f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y r o u g h l y p o s i t i o n e d , p r o v i n c e s b y g e n e r a ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l a k e y , 2 0 0 9 ) . 1 6 3 1 6 4 F i g u r e 6 9 . P A E s t r i c t c o n s e n s u s o f W I S s p e c i e s . = J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n P r o v i n c e = T e x a s P r o v i n c e I = G r e e n h o r n P r o v i n c e F i g u r e 7 0 . W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r S e a w a y ( W I S ) 7 5 M a ( a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a ) - g e o g r a p h i c a l f o c u s f o r J R F f a u n a l c o m p a r i s o n s w i t h l o c a l a r e a s / f o r m a t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y r o u g h l y p o s i t i o n e d , p r o v i n c e s b y s p e c i e s ( m o d i fi e d f r o m B l a k e y , 2 0 0 9 ) . 1 6 5 < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < < > > < < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > < > < > < < > > < < > > < > W o o d h a w k P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s H y p o t o d u s s p p . A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e S q u a t i r h i n a s p . I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a m i r a P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s I s c h y o d u s t o t a l s I 8 1 6 T a b l e 9 . C h o n d r i c h t h y a n f a u n a o f t h e J R F b y b o n e b e d s . 1 6 6 — , i v I C H A P T E R F O U R T A P H O N O M Y W h i l e t a p h o n o m y i s a g r o w i n g fi e l d w i t h i n p a l e o n t o l o g y , l i t t l e w o r k h a s b e e n d o n e i n t h e a r e a o f m a r i n e v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y . T h e o b s e r v e d p r e s e r v a t i o n a l s t a t e s o f C h o n d r i c h t h y a n t e e t h f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( W H ) a n d l a t e r f r o m t h e P o w e r P o i n t F e r r y B o n e d b e d ( P P F ) p r o m p t e d a n a c t u a l i s t i c e x p e r i m e n t o n e x t a n t s h a r k a n d r a y t e e t h i n a n a t t e m p t t o s i m u l a t e p o s t - m o r t e m / p o s t - s h e d d i n g t r a n s p o r t a n d d e v e l o p a t a p h o n o m i c s c a l e . B a c k g r o u n d T a p h o n o m y , w h i c h h a s i t s o r i g i n s i n b i o e r o s i o n s t u d i e s i n t h e 1 8 0 0 3 ( T r y o n , 1 8 6 3 ; W r i g h t , 1 8 6 6 ; a n d W h i t fi e l d , 1 8 9 3 a m o n g o t h e r s ) , h a s b e e n l a r g e l y i g n o r e d u n t i l r e l a t i v e l y r e c e n t l y ( B e h r e n s m e y e r , 1 9 9 1 ; L y m a n , 1 9 9 4 ; a n d R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) . I t i s n o w a f a s t g r o w i n g d i s c i p l i n e w i t h i n p a l e o n t o l o g y . T a p h o n o m y i s t h e s t u d y o f t h e p r o c e s s e s a n d c o n d i t i o n s t h a t a f f e c t h o w o r g a n i s m s b e c o m e f o s s i l i z e d . A s d e fi n e d b y E f r e m o v ( 1 9 4 0 : 8 5 ) i t i s “ t h e s t u d y o f t h e t r a n s i t i o n ( i n a l l i t s d e t a i l s ) o f a n i m a l r e m a i n s 9 , f r o m t h e b i o s p h e r e i n t o t h e l i t h o s p h e r e . A n y t a p h o n o m i c t e r m s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s u s e d h e r e w i l l f o l l o w B e h r e n s m e y e r ( 1 9 9 1 ) a n d L y m a n ( 1 9 9 4 ) . M u c h o f t h e t a p h o n o m i c l i t e r a t u r e i s n o t d i r e c t l y a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e c u r r e n t s t u d y a s i t c o n c e n t r a t e s o n i n v e r t e b r a t e s o r t e r r e s t r i a l v e r t e b r a t e s . O n e e x c e p t i o n i s t h e w o r k o f W e i g e l t ( 1 9 8 9 ) . T h e b u l k o f h i s o b s e r v a t i o n s w e r e o n t e r r e s t r i a l v e r t e b r a t e s , b o t h e x t a n t a n d f o s s i l , b u t h e d i d i n v e s t i g a t e s t r a n d e d e x t a n t fi s h e s o n a T e x a s l a k e s h o r e a s w e l l a s t h e f o s s i l fi s h e s o f t h e E o c e n e 1 6 7 ( M e s s e l ) a n d M i o c e n e o f E u r o p e . E x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k o n s h a r k t e e t h ( T u l u , 2 0 0 6 a n d 2 0 0 7 a n d l r m i s a n d E l l i o t t , 2 0 0 6 ) a n d m a r i n e m a m m a l s ( V a n O r d e n a n d G o d f r e y , 2 0 0 8 ) a r e a m o n g t h e m o r e r e c e n t s t u d i e s t h a t h a v e l o o k e d a t t a p h o n o m y o f m a r i n e v e r t e b r a t e s . P r e v i o u s w o r k o n J R F t a p h o n o m y R o g e r s , R o g g r s a n d E b e r t h , a n d R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l A s t u d y b y R o g e r s ( 1 9 9 8 ) o n t h e J R F a n d t h e T w o M e d i c i n e F o r m a t i o n s h o w e d t h a t t h e s e q u e n c e a n a l y s i s o f t h e r e g r e s s i o n s a n d t r a n s g r e s s i o n s d u r i n g t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s c o u l d b e u s e d f o r t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f t e r r e s t r i a l t a p h o n o m y i n t h e c o n t e x t o f s e a - l e v e l c y c l i c i t y . I n t h e i r s t u d y o n t h e J R F i n M o n t a n a a n d t h e O l d m a n F o r m a t i o n a n d D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n i n s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a , R o g e r s a n d E b e r t h ( 1 9 9 6 ) d i s c o v e r e d t h a t t h e r e i s 3 t a p h o n o m i c s i g n a l ; t h e i n c r e a s e i n r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f v e r t e b r a t e m i c r o f o s s i l a s s e m b l a g e s c o r r e l a t e w i t h t h e l o w e r c o a s t a l p l a i n e n v i r o n m e n t , a n d s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e m i c r o f o s s i l v e r t e b r a t e a s s e m b l a g e s c a n b e u s e d i n b a s i n a n a l y s i s . R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l ( 2 0 0 0 ) s u g g e s t s t h a t v e r t e b r a t e s k e l e t a l a c c u m u l a t i o n i s n o t a r e l i a b l e p r o x y t o l o c a t e s t r a t i g r a p h i c a l l y s i g n i fi c a n t l a y e r s b e c a u s e t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f s k e l e t a l a c c u m u l a t i o n s i s n o t p r e d i c t a b l e . I t a l s o d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f f o s s i l s o n e r o s i o n a l l y c o n t r o l l e d h i a t a l s u r f a c e s m a y b e u n r e l a t e d t o t h e h i a t u s , a n d t h a t , i n f a c t , t h e d i s c o n t i n u i t y s u r f a c e s ( w h e r e t h e b o n e b e d s o c c u r ) a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e v e r t e b r a t e s k e l e t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a r e t i m e - a v e r a g e d m i x t u r e s o f e c o l o g i c a l l y a n d / o r t a p h o n o m i c a l l y d i s p a r a t e f o s s i l m a t e r i a l . 1 6 8 i L a R o c k e t a l . L a R o c k e t a l . ( 2 0 0 0 3 - b ) d i s c o v e r e d a r i c h c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f h a d r o s a u r d i n o s a u r b o n e s i n n o r t h e a s t e r n M o n t a n a . T h e b o n e s w e r e p r e s e r v e d i n a n e s t u a r i n e d e p o s i t a n d s h o w e d m i n i m a l w e a t h e r i n g , s o m e s c a v e n g i n g , a n d n o w i n n o w i n g o f t h e b o n e s . T h e w e l l p r e s e r v e d n a t u r e o f t h e b o n e s s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e b o d i e s o f t h e d e a d h a d r o s a u r s s t a y e d i n t a c t t h r o u g h t r a n s p o r t u n t i l e n c o u n t e r i n g a n o b s t a c l e ( a t r e e i n t h i s i n s t a n c e ) w h e r e u p o n t h e y b a c k e d u p c r e a t i n g a “ l o g j a m . ” T h e s e r e c e n t fi e l d s t u d i e s d e s c r i b e d t e r r e s t r i a l a n d m a r i n e t a p h o n o m y o f v e r t e b r a t e a n d i n v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s o f t h e J R F . H o w e v e r n o n e o f t h e s t u d i e s f o c u s e d o n e l a s m o b r a n c h t e e t h , t h o u g h t h e y a r e m e n t i o n e d a s b e i n g p r e s e n t i n t h e l a g d e p o s i t s i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h m a r i n e r e p t i l e b o n e s a n d t e r r e s t r i a l t e e t h ( m a m m a l a n d d i n o s a u r ) ( R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ) N e w o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d q u e s t i o n s o n J R F t a p h o n o m y I n i t i a l o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n a l s t a t e s o f t h e t e e t h a n d a s s o c i a t e d f o s s i l s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( W H ) f a u n a l e d t o q u e s t i o n s r e g a r d i n g t h e t a p h o n o m y o f f o s s i l s f o u n d i n t h e b o n e b e d . T h e s e q u e s t i o n s a l s o b e c a m e k e y t o t h e o r i g i n a l t h r u s t o f t h i s p r o j e c t , w h i c h w a s a s t u d y o f t h e f a u n a a n d t h e p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t . F o r e x a m p l e , t a p h o n o m y c a n a d d t o t h e c h a l l e n g e s o f i d e n t i f y i n g t h e s h a r k t e e t h l e a d i n g t o m i s i d e n t i fi c a t i o n . T a x o n o m i c s t u d i e s b y S i v e r s o n ( 1 9 9 5 ) a n d N a y l o r a n d M a r c u s ( 1 9 9 4 ) d i d n o t f a c t o r i n t a p h o n o m y . M i s i d e n t i fi c a t i o n d u e t o t a p h o n o m i c f a c t o r s s h o u l d n o t b e a n i s s u e w i t h t h e m a t e r i a l p r e s e n t e d h e r e a s a n y t o o t h l a c k i n g d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s w a s l e f t 1 6 9 fi 1 , : u n i d e n t i fi e d . P r e s e r v a t i o n o f f o s s i l t e e t h i n t h e W H f o s s i l s r a n g e s f r o m p r i s t i n e o r w h a t w a s l a t e r d e e m e d n e a r p r i s t i n e t e e t h ( w h i c h a c c o u n t s f o r ~ 3 8 % o f t h e W H m a t e r i a l ) , a l o n g w i t h d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s , p r e s e r v e d b i t s o f p r i s m a t i c c a r t i l a g e , a n d f r a g m e n t a r y t e e t h , c e n t r a , a n d e x t r e m e l y f r i a b l e c h i m a e r i d t o o t h p l a t e s . T h e m i x e d q u a l i t y o f p r e s e r v a t i o n s u g g e s t s i n fl u e n c e s b y a r a n g e o f t a p h o n o m i c p r o c e s s e s p r i o r t o fi n a l b u r i a l ( T u l u , 2 0 0 7 ) . E p h o n o m i c f e a t u r e s o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h S t r i a t i o n s A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h f r o m t h e W H w e r e c h o s e n f o r a n i n i t i a l t a p h o n o m i c a n a l y s i s b e c a u s e o f t h e i r a b u n d a n c e , w h a t s e e m e d t o b e t h e f u l l r a n g e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n a l s t a t e s f r o m p r i s t i n e t o b r o k e n , a n d t h e y w e r e o f s u f fi c i e n t l y l a r g e s i z e t o b e u s e d f o r t h i s s t u d y . A s n o t e d e a r l i e r i n t h e s y s t e m a t i c p a l e o n t o l o g y s e c t i o n , s o m e o f t h e A . k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h b e a r s t r i a t i o n p a t t e r n s o f w h i t e o r g r a y s e t a g a i n s t a b r o w n o r d a r k e r g r a y b a c k g r o u n d . T h e w h i t e s t r i a t i o n s a r e p r e s u m e d t o b e r e m n a n t o r i g i n a l t o o t h e n a m e l . T h e w h i t e r e m n a n t s , i f t h e y a r e e n a m e l , p r e s e n t i n t h e s e s t r i a t e p a t t e r n s p o s e q u e s t i o n s r e g a r d i n g t h e e n a m e l a n d h o w i t i s r e t a i n e d , l o s t , o r p e r h a p s a l t e r e d d i a g e n e t i c a l l y . I t h a s b e e n p r o p o s e d a n d a s s u m e d t h a t t h e s t r i a t i o n s s u c h a s t h o s e s e e n i n o t h e r f o s s i l s w e r e c a u s e d b y p l a n t r o o t s , h o w e v e r t h e r e h a d b e e n n o d o c u m e n t a t i o n t o s u p p o r t t h i s u n t i l a p r e l i m i n a r y e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d y b y l o o k a n d B e h r e n s m e y e r ( 2 0 0 8 ) , w h o u t i l i z e d m o d e r n b o n e w i t h e n c o u r a g i n g r e s u l t s . A f t e r t w o m o n t h s o f b u r i a l b e n e a t h s n o w p e a s , t h e s u r f a c e o f b o v i d b o n e s h o w e d d e g r a d a t i o n a n d t h e o u t e r m o s t c o r t i c a l b o n e s t r i p p e d a w a y . S E M i m a g e s s h o w e d a s h a l l o w r o o t t r a c e n e t w o r k . U n d e r w o o d e t 3 1 . ( 1 . 9 9 9 ) a l s o 1 7 0 i n v e s t i g a t e d p o t e n t i a l r o o t a c t i o n o n f o s s i l s , h o w e v e r t h e m a r k i n g s a c t u a l l y p r o v e d t o b e p o s t - m o r t e m m i c r o b o r i n g s b y c o l o n i z a t i o n o f e n d o l i t h i c o r g a n i s m s s u c h a s M y c e l i t e s a n d A b e l i e l l a . B a s e d o n t h e s e s t u d i e s , s t r i a t i o n s a p p e a r t o b e a p o s t - d e p o s i t i o n a l f e a t u r e s r e l a t e d t o p o s t - b u r i a l b i o t i c a c t i v i t y . A r e l a t e d q u e s t i o n c a n i n v e s t i g a t e w h e t h e r e x t a n t a n d f o s s i l m a t e r i a l i s a f f e c t e d i n t h e s a m e m a n n e r i n r o o t e x p e r i m e n t s ( a n d e n d o l i t h i c o r g a n i s m s ) . R o u n d i n g / b r e a k a g e I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s t r i a t i o n s , a l l o f t h e A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h d i s p l a y s o m e d e g r e e o f r o u n d i n g o f t h e c u s p s , c u t t i n g e d g e s , a n d / o r r o o t . G r o s s m o r p h o l o g i c a l f e a t u r e s s u c h a s t h e c u s p , c u s p l e t s , a n d r o o t l o b e s a r e o n t h e w h o l e p r e s e r v e d . T e e t h t h a t s h o w a n y b r e a k a g e t y p i c a l l y s h o w o n e s i d e o f t h e l a t e r a l c u s p l e t ( s ) b r o k e n o f f , b r e a k a g e t h a t i n m o s t c a s e s a p p e a r t o b e f r e s h a s t h e r e i s n o r o u n d i n g o f t h e f r a c t u r e d e n d a n d t h e s u r f a c e i s c l e a n o f s e d i m e n t d u s t . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 7 % o f a l l t e e t h a r e b r o k e n ( T a b l e 1 0 ) . T o o t h b r e a k a g e t e n d s t o o c c u r t h r o u g h t h e r o o t b e t w e e n t h e m a i n c u s p a n d t h e l a t e r a l c u s p l e t ( s ) , r e l a t e d t o p o t e n t i a l w e a k p o i n t s i n t h e t e e t h . T h e i n i t i a l c o l l e c t i o n f r o m t h e W H c o n t a i n s ~ 8 . 5 % ( T a b l e 2 3 ) o f b r o k e n c u s p s , b r o k e n r o o t s , a n d m a n y c u s p s t h a t w e r e n o t i d e n t i fi a b l e o t h e r t h a n b e i n g s o m e s o r t o f l a m n i f o r m ( F i g u r e 7 1 ) . P r e l i m i n a r y T a p h o n o m i c C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n S c a l e f o r A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h V a r i a b l e A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t o o t h p r e s e r v a t i o n l e d t o a p r e l i m i n a r y t a p h o n o m y s c a l e ( T a b l e 1 0 ) c o m p r i s i n g t h e s e c a t e g o r i e s : 0 “ P r i s t i n e w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n , ” 1 7 1 . 9 0 “ R o o t m i n i m a l l y a b r a d e d w i t h p a t c h y c r o w n c o l o r a t i o n , ’ o “ P r i s t i n e w i t h c r o w n t i p b r o k e n , ” 0 “ R o o t a b r a d e d w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n , ” 0 “ B r o k e n , ” a n d 0 “ B r o k e n w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n . ” T e e t h a r e l i s t e d b y t h e i r a p p r o x i m a t e p o s i t i o n w i t h i n t h e m o u t h , a n t e r i o r , l a t e r a l , a n d p o s t e r i o r . T h e p l a c e m e n t o f t e e t h b y p o s i t i o n s h o u l d b e r e g a r d e d a s a p p r o x i m a t e . “ P r i s t i n e ” t e e t h a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n a l l t o o t h p o s i t i o n s w i t h 3 7 . 5 % o f a l l t e e t h b e i n g p r i s t i n e ( T a b l e 1 0 ) . T h e “ B r o k e n p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ” t e e t h a r e a l s o r e p r e s e n t e d i n a l l t o o t h p o s i t i o n s w i t h 1 8 . 8 % o f t h e t o t a l t e e t h ( T a b l e 1 0 ) . T h e r e m a i n i n g c a t e g o r i e s a r e n o t p r e s e n t i n a l l t o o t h p o s i t i o n s b u t t h e y c o m p r i s e 4 3 . 8 % o f a l l t e e t h ( T a b l e 1 0 ) . T h e r e a p p e a r s t o b e n o s p e c i a l t r e n d o r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e e t h o v e r p o s i t i o n a n d p r e s e r v e d s t a t e , h o w e v e r a X Z - t e s t w a s e m p l o y e d t o t e s t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t o o t h p r e s e r v a t i o n i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t o o t h p o s i t i o n . X Z - t e s t o f P r e l i m i n a r y C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n S c a l e ( O b s e r v e d v e r s u s E x p e c t e d ) T h e X z - t e s t i s u s e d t o m e a s u r e h o w f a r t h e o b s e r v e d c o u n t s ( t e e t h p e r c a t e g o r y ) a r e f r o m t h e e x p e c t e d c o u n t s ( M o o r e , 2 0 0 0 ) . T o e m p l o y t h e X z - t e s t f o r t h e d a t a i n T a b l e 1 0 , e x p e c t e d v a l u e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d ( S i e g e l , 1 9 5 6 ) i n T a b l e 1 1 w h e r e “ o ” = o b s e r v e d a n d “ e ” = e x p e c t e d v a l u e s . D a t a w e r e a l s o a n a l y z e d w i t h t h e p r o g r a m P A S T . E x c e l a n d P A S T c a l c u l a t e d t h e X 2 w h e r e p = 0 . 3 1 8 6 1 ( f o r a n t e r i o r ) , 0 . 1 2 4 5 ( f o r l a t e r a l ) , a n d 0 . 2 7 9 5 4 ( f o r 1 7 2 1 p o s t e r i o r ) ( f u l l P A S T r e a d o u t i s a v a i l a b l e i n A p p e n d i x E ) . U s i n g t h e s t a n d a r d p = 0 . 0 5 n o n e o f t h e c a l c u l a t e d v a l u e s a r e s i g n i fi c a n t a t t h a t l e v e l . I t w o u l d a p p e a r t h a t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e e t h i s w i t h i n n o r m a l p a r a m e t e r s a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s i s a c c e p t e d . O n e f a c t o r t h a t n e e d s t o b e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t i s t h e p r o b l e m o f i n s u f fi c i e n t d a t a , T h e c h i - s q u a r e t e s t i s n o t a c c u r a t e i f a n y o f t h e c e l l s c o n t a i n f e w e r t h a n fi v e i t e m s ( a s a r u l e i f t h u m b ) . ( H a m m e r a n d H a r p e r , 2 0 0 6 : 5 8 ) T h i s i s a l s o s u p p o r t e d b y S i e g e l ( 1 9 5 6 : 1 1 0 ) . A s 1 1 o f t h e 1 8 c e l l s h a v e f e w e r t h a n fi v e t e e t h ( w i t h s i x c e l l s t h a t h a v e z e r o t e e t h ) , t h i s t e s t m a y n o t b e a n a p p r o p r i a t e a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e d a t a . T h e d a t a a r e c a t e g o r i c a l i n n a t u r e , w h i c h i s w h a t t h e X z - t e s t i s u s e d f o r , h o w e v e r t h e s a m p l e s i z e i s j u s t b a r e l y l a r g e e n o u g h w i t h 4 0 b e i n g t h e m i n i m u m f o r a s a m p l e s i z e ( S i e g e l , 1 9 5 6 : 1 1 0 ) . O n e s o l u t i o n w o u l d b e t o i n c r e a s e t h e s a m p l e s i z e b u t t h a t i s n o t a l w a y s p o s s i b l e , p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h f o s s i l d a t a . T h i s i s e s p e c i a l l y t h e c a s e w h e n o n e o f t h e s i t e s f r o m w h i c h t h e f o s s i l s o r i g i n a t e ( W H ) n o l o n g e r e x i s t s . W i t h t h e a d d i t i o n o f t e e t h s c r e e n w a s h e d b y R R R a n d a fi n a l t a l l y o f t e e t h f r o m b o t h t h e W H a n d P P F s i t e s , a d d i t i o n a l X Z - t e s t s w e r e e m p l o y e d , a g a i n t e s t i n g t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t o o t h p r e s e r v a t i o n i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t o o t h p o s i t i o n ( b e l o w ) . A d d e n d u m A f u r t h e r e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h , i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e W H m a t e r i a l s c r e e n w a s h e d b y R R o n s i t e a n d A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h f r o m t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d ( P P F ) ( F i g u r e 7 2 ) , s u g g e s t e d a r e v i s i o n t o t h e i n i t i a l t a p h o n o m i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s c h e m e i n T a b l e 1 0 . A d d i t i o n a l c a t e g o r i e s w e r e c r e a t e d a n d 1 7 3 s o m e p r e v i o u s c a t e g o r i e s w e r e c o m b i n e d w i t h o t h e r s ( T a b l e s 1 2 3 — b ) . F o r e x a m p l e , o n e n e w c a t e g o r y i s “ P r i s t i n e ” w h i c h m e a n s t h e t o o t h i s p r i s t i n e i n e v e r y r e s p e c t e x c e p t i n c o l o r ( i t w i l l b e u n i f o r m b u t n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t h e o r i g i n a l c o l o r o f t h e t o o t h ) . C o n s e q u e n t l y t h e c a t e g o r y p r e v i o u s l y l i s t e d a s “ P r i s t i n e w i t h p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ” i s n o w “ A l m o s t p r i s t i n e m a y h a v e p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n . ” T h e n e w c a t e g o r y o f “ P r i s t i n e ” m e a n s t h a t a t o o t h i s s h a r p t o t h e t o u c h w h i l e t h e n e w “ A l m o s t p r i s t i n e m a y h a v e p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ” c a t e g o r y w i t h s l i g h t l y d u l l e d e d g e s . A n e w c a t e g o r y o f “ C u s p l e t s ” w a s e r e c t e d f o r t h e W H g r o u p ( T a b l e 1 2 3 ) a n d a c a t e g o r y o f “ P r i s t i n e b u t c u s p o r r o o t o n l y ” f o r t h e P P F g r o u p ( T a b l e 1 2 b ) , h o w e v e r u p o n s t a t i s t i c a l c o n s u l t ( M a , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) f r o m t h e C e n t e r f o r S t a t i s t i c a l T r a i n i n g a n d C o n s u l t i n g ( C S T A T ) t h e l a s t t w o c a t e g o r i e s w e r e n o t u t i l i z e d i n s t a t i s t i c a l t e s t s o f t h e s i t e - b y - s i t e c o m p a r i s o n . T h e r e v i s e d A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t o t a l f o r W H i s 7 7 t e e t h ( o r p i e c e s o f t e e t h i n t h e f o r m o f c u s p l e t s ) ( T a b l e 1 2 3 ) a n d t h e P P F h a s a t o t a l o f 4 5 t e e t h ( o r p i e c e s o f t e e t h ) ( T a b l e 1 2 b ) . T h e r e a r e n o p r i s t i n e t e e t h f r o m t h e W H , b u t t h e “ A l m o s t p r i s t i n e m a y h a v e p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ” c a t e g o r y h a s t h e m o s t t e e t h ( 3 7 . 7 % o f t h e t o t a l ) f o l l o w e d b y 2 7 . 3 % i n t h e “ B r o k e n m a y h a v e p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ” c a t e g o r y ( T a b l e 1 2 3 ) . T h e r e m a i n i n g 3 5 . 1 % c o v e r s t h e r e s t o f t h e c a t e g o r i e s t h a t a r e n o t r e p r e s e n t e d i n a l l t o o t h p o s i t i o n s . N e a r l y 5 0 % ( 4 9 . 4 % ) o f t h e t o t a l t e e t h a r e p o s t e r i o r s , f o l l o w e d b y a n t e r i o r s ( 2 8 . 6 % ) , a n d l a s t l y t h e l a t e r a l s ( 2 2 . 1 % ) ( T a b l e 1 2 3 ) . A s s i g n e d t o o t h p o s i t i o n s a r e t e n t a t i v e , p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h t h e a m b i g u o u s t r a n s i t i o n a l t e e t h . 1 7 4 I f P r i s t i n e t e e t h f r o m t h e P P F c o m p r i s e 1 7 . 8 % o f t h e t o t a l t e e t h b u t t h e “ B r o k e n m a y h a v e p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ” c a t e g o r y h a s t h e m o s t t e e t h ( 6 0 % o f t h e t o t a l ) w i t h t h e r e m a i n i n g 2 2 . 2 % c o v e r i n g t h e r e m a i n i n g c a t e g o r i e s , w h i c h a g a i n a r e n o t r e p r e s e n t e d i n a l l o f t h e t o o t h p o s i t i o n s ( T a b l e 1 2 b ) . L a t e r a l t e e t h a r e t h e l a r g e s t c o m p o n e n t o f P P F w i t h 4 4 . 4 % o f t h e t o t a l t e e t h f o l l o w e d b y t h e a n t e r i o r s ( 4 2 . 2 % ) a n d l a s t l y t h e p o s t e r i o r s ( 1 3 . 3 % ) . A s t h e r e a p p e a r e d t o b e n o s p e c i a l t r e n d o r d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e e t h o v e r p o s i t i o n a n d p r e s e r v e d s t a t e t h e X z - t e s t w a s a g a i n e m p l o y e d i n o r d e r t o d e t e r m i n e i f t h e r e i s a n y s i g n i fi c a n c e i n t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e e t h . T h e X z - t e s t i s e m p l o y e d f o r b o t h t h e W H a n d P P F d a t a s e t s t o t e s t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t o o t h p r e s e r v a t i o n i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t o o t h p o s i t i o n f o r e a c h s i t e . X z - t e s t o f P r e l i m i n a r y T a p h o n o m i c C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n ( O b s e r v e d v e r s u s E x p e c t e d ) F o l l o w i n g t h e s t e p s a b o v e f o r t h e X z - t e s t , t h e e x p e c t e d v a l u e s f o r t h e W H a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 1 3 3 . T h e c a t e g o r y o f “ C u s p l e t s ” w a s o m i t t e d a s t e e t h w e r e o f i n d e t e r m i n a t e p o s i t i o n s o t h e s a m p l e s i z e w a s a c t u a l l y 6 3 . E x c e l a n d P A S T c a l c u l a t e d t h e X 2 w h e r e p = 0 . 2 2 8 9 3 ( f o r a n t e r i o r ) , 0 . 4 9 8 4 4 ( f o r l a t e r a l ) , a n d 0 . 7 6 1 6 4 ( f o r p o s t e r i o r ) ( f u l l P A S T r e a d o u t i s a v a i l a b l e i n A p p e n d i x E ) . I t w o u l d a p p e a r t h a t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e e t h i s w i t h i n n o r m a l p a r a m e t e r s a n d t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s i s a c c e p t e d . I n t h i s t e s t 1 2 o f t h e 1 9 c e l l s h a v e v a l u e s l e s s t h a n fi v e ( w i t h s i x c e l l s t h a t h a v e z e r o t e e t h ) , s o d e s p i t e t h e a d d i t i o n o f t h e s c r e e n e d m a t e r i a l , t h e r e a r e s t i l l n o t s u f fi c i e n t d a t a f o r t h i s t e s t . T h e e x p e c t e d v a l u e s f o r t h e P P F a r e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 1 3 b . E x c e l a n d P A S T c a l c u l a t e d t h e X 2 w h e r e p = 0 . 7 5 7 0 3 ( f o r a n t e r i o r ) , 0 . 3 9 5 8 5 ( f o r l a t e r a l ) , a n d 0 . 5 5 2 0 7 ( f o r p o s t e r i o r ) 1 7 5 ( f u l l P A S T r e a d o u t i s a v a i l a b l e i n A p p e n d i x E ) . T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t e e t h i s w i t h i n n o r m a l p a r a m e t e r s , s o t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s i s a c c e p t e d . I n t h i s t e s t 1 8 o f t h e 2 1 c e l l s h a v e v a l u e s l e s s t h a n fi v e ( w i t h e i g h t c e l l s t h a t h a v e z e r o t e e t h ) . A s p e r t h e p r e v i o u s t e s t s , t h e q u a n t i t y o f d a t a f o r P P F i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e r e a r e i n s u f f i c i e n t d a t a t o m a k e t h i s t e s t m e a n i n g f u l . T h e s e X z - t e s t s i m p l y t h a t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s i s a c c e p t e d f o r a l l o f t h e t e s t s , a n d t h a t t o o t h p r e s e r v a t i o n i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t o o t h p o s i t i o n a l b e i t u n c o n v i n c i n g l y g i v e n t h e s m a l l s a m p l e s i z e s . B o t h s i t e s h a v e n o r m a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f t e e t h o v e r d i f f e r e n t s t a t e s o f p r e s e r v a t i o n . T h i s a l s o i m p l i e s t h a t a n y i n i t i a l d i f f e r e n c e s i n o b s e r v a t i o n s m a d e o f t h e t e e t h f r o m e a c h s i t e i s i n s i g n i fi c a n t . H o w e v e r , H a m m e r a n d H a r p e r ( 2 0 0 6 ) s t a t e t h a t c e l l v a l u e s l e s s t h a n fi v e w i l l p r o d u c e a n i n a c c u r a t e a n a l y s i s . S i x t y - e i g h t p e r c e n t o f t h e c e l l s i n t h e W H d a t a s e t a n d ~ 8 9 % o f t h e c e l l s i n t h e P P F d a t a s e t a r e b e l o w t h e m i n i m u m v a l u e a n d P P F a l s o h a s 3 r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l s a m p l e s i z e o f 4 5 t e e t h , n o t m u c h l a r g e r t h a n t h e m i n i m u m ( 4 0 ) n e e d e d f o r t h i s t e s t . T o r e m e d y t h i s m o r e m a t e r i a l m u s t b e c o l l e c t e d t o f u r t h e r r e fi n e t h e c a t e g o r i e s a n d r a i s e o v e r a l l c e l l v a l u e s . H o w e v e r , a s t h e W H s i t e c e a s e s t o e x i s t t h e d a t a s e t p r e s e n t e d h e r e i s a l l t h a t i s a v a i l a b l e f o r t e s t i n g . X z - t e s t o f W H v e r s u s P P F T h e P A S T p r o g r a m i s a b l e t o t e s t t h e c a t e g o r i c a l d a t a i n a s i t e - b y - s i t e c o m p a r i s o n , a s s u c h , t e s t e d h e r e i s t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t h e r e i s n o d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e W H a n d P P F s i t e s i n t e r m s o f p r e s e r v a t i o n . T h e r a w d a t a f o r b o t h s i t e s i s r e p e a t e d i n T a b l e s 1 4 a - b w i t h t h e X Z - t e s t r e s u l t s f r o m P A S T w h e r e p = 1 . 5 4 1 1 E - 0 6 ( f o r t o t a l t e e t h c o m p a r i s o n ) , 1 7 6 i t 0 . 0 0 5 9 1 6 9 ( f o r a n t e r i o r ) , 0 . 0 0 2 1 1 5 8 ( f o r l a t e r a l ) , a n d 0 . 0 0 3 6 4 2 7 ( f o r p o s t e r i o r ) ( f u l l P A S T r e a d o u t i s a v a i l a b l e i n A p p e n d i x F ) . T h i s a n a l y s i s d i d n o t i n c l u d e t h e c a t e g o r i e s o f “ C u s p l e t s ” a s t h e y a r e n o t s e p a r a t e d o u t b y p o s i t i o n . A d d i t i o n a l l y u p o n c o n s u l t f r o m C S T A T ( M a , M a , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) , t h e “ C u s p l e t s ” a n d “ P r i s t i n e b u t c u s p o r r o o t o n l y ” c a t e g o r i e s w e r e n o t u s e d a s t h e y w e r e n o t c a t e g o r i e s i n b o t h s i t e s . T h i s r e d u c e s t h e t o t a l s a m p l e s i z e t o 6 3 t e e t h f o r W H a n d 4 2 t e e t h f o r P P F . T h e v e r y l o w p v a l u e s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e y a r e v e r y s i g n i fi c a n t ( p < 0 . 0 0 5 ) . T h i s c o r r o b o r a t e s i n i t i a l o b s e r v a t i o n s t h a t t h e r e i s a d i f f e r e n c e i n p r e s e r v a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e W H a n d P P F s i t e s a n d t h a t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s i s r e j e c t e d . H o w e v e r a s p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d , S i e g e l ( 1 9 5 6 ) a n d H a m m e r a n d H a r p e r ( 2 0 0 6 ) , s t a t e t h a t c e l l s w i t h v a l u e s o f fi v e o r l e s s m a k e a n a n a l y s i s l e s s a c c u r a t e . O v e r T a b l e s l 4 a - b , 1 3 o f 3 6 c e l l s w i t h z e r o v a l u e s a n d a n a d d i t i o n a l 1 6 c e l l s w i t h v a l u e s o f fi v e o r l e s s , l e a v i n g o n l y s e v e n c e l l s w i t h v a l u e s h i g h e r t h a n fi v e . T h a t i s ~ 8 1 % o f t h e c e l l s t h a t w o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d “ u n u s a b l e ” a s t h e a d d i t i o n o f s m a l l v a l u e s i n c r e a s e s t h e r a t e o f e r r o r i n t h e X 2 a n a l y s i s . E v e n u s i n g o n l y t h e t o t a l v a l u e s t h e r e a r e s e v e n o f 1 2 c e l l s w i t h v a l u e s o f fi v e o r l e s s , o r ~ 5 8 % o f t h e c e l l s t h a t a r e “ u n u s a b l e . ” T h i s , c o u p l e d w i t h t h e s m a l l e r d a t a s e t , m a k e s t h e t e s t s l e s s r e l i a b l e . B a _ m i g _ s _ T h e b a t o i d t e e t h c o l l e c t e d f o r t h i s s t u d y s h o w l i t t l e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e i r p r e s e r v a t i o n . T h e t e e t h o f P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e w e r e e i t h e r p r i s t i n e ( F i g u r e 4 3 a n d 4 4 ) o r l a c k r o o t s . T e e t h w i t h o u t r o o t s m a y o c c u r b e c a u s e e l a s m o b r a n c h r o o t s a r e n o t c o v e r e d w i t h a n e n a m e l l a y e r a s i s t h e c r o w n , m a k i n g t h e m m o r e s u s c e p t i b l e t o w e a r . T h i s d i d n o t h a m p e r i d e n t i fi c a t i o n a s t h e s e t e e t h r e t a i n e d a l l o t h e r f e a t u r e s ( s m a l l s i z e , s m o o t h a n d 1 7 7 t r " t h i c k c r o w n t h a t i s h e x a g o n a l t o r h o m b o d i c o r c i r c u l a r t o o v a l i n o c c l u s a l v i e w ) f o r s y s t e m a t i c d i a g n o s i s . M o r p h o l o g i c a l l y b a t o i d t e e t h a r e v e r y d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e l a m n o i d t e e t h . L a m n o i d t e e t h h a v e p r o j e c t i o n s — c u s p s a n d r o o t l o b e s t h a t a r e m o r e s u s c e p t i b l e t o d a m a g e e i t h e r p r e - s h e d d i n g / p r e - m o r t e m o r p o s t - s h e d d i n g / p o s t m o r t e m . B a t o i d t e e t h a r e c o m p a c t , m o r e g l o b u l a r , h a v e s h a l l o w r o o t s , a n d l a c k p r o j e c t i n g m o r p h o l o g i c a l f e a t u r e s t h a t w o u l d b e s u s c e p t i b l e t o d a m a g e . C h i m a e r i d s C h i m a e r i d t o o t h p l a t e f r a g m e n t s i n t h i s s t u d y c a n n o t b e i d e n t i fi e d t o a p a r t i c u l a r t a x o n . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 0 % o f t h e c h i m a e r i d p i e c e s c o l l a p s e d w h e n t h e y w e r e h a n d l e d , r e fl e c t i n g a n a l t e r e d a n d w e a k e r s t r u c t u r e . T h e c h i m a e r i d t o o t h p l a t e s m a y b e e x t r a d e l i c a t e a s t h e y a r e s t r u c t u r e d d i f f e r e n t l y f r o m t h e t e e t h o f t h e s h a r k s , s k a t e s , a n d r a y s . T h e p l a t e s a r e c o m p o s e d o f a m e s h e d s y s t e m o f t r a b e c u l a r d e n t i n e t h a t c o n t a i n s i n t e r s p e r s e d o d o n t o b l a s t b a l l c h a i n s a n d v a s c u l a r c h a n n e l s , a n d i t m a y b e t h a t t h i s m e s h e d s y s t e m i s n o t a s s t r u c t u r a l l y s o u n d a s t h e “ n o r m a l ” s t r u c t u r e o f s h a r k t e e t h ( P e y e r , 1 9 6 8 ) . B e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r p r e s e r v a t i o n o f t h e c h i m a e r i d t o o t h p l a t e s , t h i s m a k e s t h e m l e s s c o n d u c i v e f o r f u r t h e r s t u d y w i t h o u t c o m p l e t e d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e m a t e r i a l a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e y d o n o t fi g u r e i n t h e t a p h o n o m i c d i s c u s s i o n . C a r t i l a m o u s e l e m e n t s A l s o n o t fi g u r i n g i n t h e t a p h o n o m i c d i s c u s s i o n a r e c a r t i l a g i n o u s e l e m e n t s s u c h a s c e n t r a a n d p r i s m a t i c c a r t i l a g e t h a t w e r e a l s o r e c o v e r e d f r o m t h e m a t r i x . C a r t i l a g e d o e s n o t 1 7 8 p r e s e r v e r e a d i l y i n t h e f o s s i l r e c o r d a s i t “ . . . h a s a l o w e r s t r u c t u r a l d e n s i t y t h a n b o n e ” ( L y m a n , 1 9 9 4 : 7 9 ) u n l e s s i t i s c a l c i fi e d ( W e l t o n a n d F a r i s h , 1 9 9 3 ) . E x p e r i m e n t a l t o o t h t a p h o n o m y P r e v i o u s e r k A r g a s t e t a l . A r g a s t e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) e x p e r i m e n t e d o n a l i m i t e d s a m p l e s i z e ( 5 f o s s i l r e p t i l i a n t e e t h c o n s i s t i n g o f f o u r t y r a n n o s a u r i d s a n d o n e c r o c o d i l i a n ) t o d e t e r m i n e t h e e f f e c t s o f t r a n s p o r t o n t o o t h m o r p h o l o g y . U t i l i z i n g a s i m p l e t u m b l e r i n a l a b o r a t o r y s e t t i n g , A r g a s t e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) s h o w e d t h a t t h e t e e t h , a f t e r b e i n g t u m b l e d f o r 3 d i s t a n c e e q u i v a l e n t t o 3 6 0 — 3 8 0 k i l o m e t e r s , b a s e d o n t h e b a r r e l d i m e n s i o n s , r p m , a n d d u r a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t , d i s p l a y e d s o l i t t l e c h a n g e t h a t , h a d t h e y n o t b e e n i n v e s t i g a t e d p r i o r t o t u m b l i n g , t h e d i f f e r e n c e s w o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n n o t i c e d . S o m e i n i t i a l b r e a k i n g o f t h e r o o t s o c c u r r e d , b u t t h e r e w a s n o r o u n d i n g o f t h e r o o t s , c u s p s , o r t h e b r o k e n p o r t i o n s o f t h e r o o t s . O v e r a l l t o o t h s h a p e w a s r e t a i n e d , a n d s u r f a c e s w e r e s m o o t h e d a n d p o l i s h e d w i t h s o m e t r a n s p o r t - i n d u c e d s c r a t c h e s o n o n e t o o t h . S e r r a t i o n s p r e s e n t o n t y r a n n o s a u r i d t e e t h a l s o r e t a i n e d t h e i r s h a p e . A r g a s t e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) c o n c l u d e d t h a t i t w a s n o t p o s s i b l e t o d e t e c t l i m i t e d e f f e c t s o f t r a n s p o r t o n r e p t i l i a n t e e t h , a n d t h e r e f o r e d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g r e w o r k e d r e p t i l i a n t e e t h f r o m n o n - r e w o r k e d m a t e r i a l w a s n o t f e a s i b l e . E l y a n d R i g b y a n d E l y A s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e l i m i t e d s c o p e o f t h e A r g a s t e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) s t u d y , E l y a n d R i g b y ( 1 9 8 9 ) a n d E l y ( 1 9 9 5 ) r a n s i m i l a r e x p e r i m e n t s i n a r a c e - t r a c k fl u m e u s i n g m o d e r n a r c h o s a u r 1 7 9 ( a l l i g a t o r a n d c r o c o d i l e ) t e e t h . W i t h a s a m p l e s i z e o f t e n t e e t h E l y a n d R i g b y ( 1 9 8 9 ) d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t r a n s p o r t i n d u c e d a b r a s i o n o n t h e i r s p e c i m e n s w a s i n d e e d p r o d u c e d . E l y ( 1 9 9 5 ) s h o w e d a b r a s i o n f e a t u r e s a f t e r o n l y 2 h o u r s o f t r a n s p o r t ( u n k n o w n s a m p l e s i z e ) , a n d d e t e r m i n e d t h a t i f t e e t h w e r e t o b e p r e s e r v e d i n a n u n m o d i fi e d c o n d i t i o n , t h e t e e t h w o u l d h a v e t o b e b u r i e d r a p i d l y w i t h l i t t l e t o n o t r a n s p o r t a n d l i t t l e t o n o r e w o r k i n g . T h e i r fi n d i n g s i m p l i e d t h a t c o n c l u s i o n s a r r i v e d a t b y A r g a s t e t 3 1 . w e r e p r e m a t u r e . I i ' l r m i s a n d E l l i o t t A n o t h e r s t u d y ( l r m i s a n d E l l i o t t , 2 0 0 6 ) u t i l i z e d a t o t a l o f 9 m o d e r n s h a r k t e e t h i n 3 I 1 ‘ 1 r e c i p r o c a l s h a k e r w i t h s a l t w a t e r a n d s e d i m e n t ( a n a l o g o u s t o t h e e n v i r o n m e n t t h e y w e r e t r y i n g t o s i m u l a t e ) t o s i m u l a t e w a v e a c t i o n o f a n e a r s h o r e e n v i r o n m e n t . T h e p r o j e c t w a s r u n f o r 1 0 0 0 h o u r s a n d t h e i r r e s u l t s s h o w e d p r o g r e s s i v e d e g r a d a t i o n o f s p e c i m e n s w i t h t i m e . T h e s e a u t h o r s l o o k e d a t c h a n g e i n m a s s a n d t h e p h y s i c a l c h a n g e s o f t h e t i p o f t h e c u s p , t h e t i p s o f t h e r o o t l o b e s , a n d t h e a r e a o f t h e l i n g u a l g r o o v e . P r e s e n t s t u d y E x p e r i m e n t a l t a p h o n o m y o f s h a r k t e e t h T h e p r e s e n t s t u d y u s e s a l a r g e r s a m p l e s i z e o f t e e t h , a g r e a t e r f r e q u e n c y o f m e a s u r e m e n t s , m e a s u r e m e n t s o f s e v e r a l d i m e n s i o n s , a n d m u l t i p l e m e a s u r e m e n t s ( r e p l i c a t e s ) o f e a c h d i m e n s i o n o v e r p r e v i o u s s t u d i e s . T h i s s t u d y o f f e r s m o r e s t a t i s t i c a l l y r o b u s t r e s u l t s t o q u a n t i f y t o o t h m o d i fi c a t i o n t h r o u g h a b r a s i o n d u e t o t r a n s p o r t . T h e e x p e r i m e n t w i l l t e s t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t h e r e i s n o c h a n g e i n p r e s e r v a t i o n w i t h t i m e 1 8 0 i n a d y n a m i c e n v i r o n m e n t . W h i l e i t i s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e r e w i l l b e c h a n g e , t h i s i s t e s t e d t o d e m o n s t r a t e a s s u c h b o t h q u a l i t a t i v e l y a n d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y . M e t h o d s I n s t e a d o f u s i n g t h e f o s s i l s f r o m t h e W H a n d l o s i n g t h e f a u n a l d a t a o r r e d u c i n g t h e s a m p l e s i z e o f t h e f a u n a , m o d e r n s h a r k a n d r a y t e e t h w e r e o b t a i n e d f o r t h e e x p e r i m e n t s . M o d e r n t e e t h w e r e a l s o u s e d b e c a u s e t h e f o s s i l m a t e r i a l i n v a r i a b l y u n d e r g o e s s o m e f o s s i l i z a t i o n p r o c e s s ( d i a g e n e s i s , p e r m i n e r a l i z a t i o n , e t c . ) , r e s u l t i n g i n c h a n g e s t h a t c o u l d p o s s i b l y r e n d e r t h e c u r r e n t e x p e r i m e n t m o o t . U n a l t e r e d m o d e r n t e e t h w e r e a c q u i r e d f r o m a n a q u a r i u m ( M a r i t i m e A q u a r i u m i n N o r w a l k , C T ) . I n i t i a l l y u n a l t e r e d s h a r k j a w s w e r e a c q u i r e d f r o m S h a r k k i n g . c o m b a s e d i n T i t u s v i l l e , F L . T h e y w e r e s u b m e r g e d i n a s a l t w a t e r t a n k h o u s i n g s h r i m p ( c o u r t e s y o f S h r i m p F a r m M a r k e t i n O k e m o s , M 1 ) t o s o f t e n t h e c a r t i l a g e a n d l o o s e n t h e t e e t h . T e e t h w e r e r e l e a s e d o n c e t h e c a r t i l a g e o f t h e j a w s w a s s o f t e n e d , a n d t h e c a r t i l a g e w a s t h e n s u b s e q u e n t l y e a t e n b y t h e s h r i m p ( F i g u r e 7 3 ) . T h e t e e t h p r o d u c e d w e r e d e e m e d u n s u i t a b l e , a s t h e y w e r e m o s t l y n o t f u l l y f o r m e d t e e t h d i s p l a y i n g t h e m o r p h o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h a t w o u l d b e n e e d e d t o t r a c k t h r o u g h o u t t h e e x p e r i m e n t . O n c e u n a l t e r e d m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ( s h a r k ) a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( r a y ) t e e t h w e r e a c q u i r e d , a n a p p a r a t u s w a s d e v i s e d t o t u m b l e t h e t e e t h i n s u c h a m a n n e r a s t o b e a b l e t o t r a c k e v e r y t o o t h . T h e s y s t e m c o n s i s t e d o f E d u S c i e n c e l a p i d a r y t u m b l e r s . E a c h t u m b l e r w a s fi l l e d w i t h a m i x t u r e o f s a l t w a t e r ( u t i l i z i n g R . 0 . w a t e r a n d R e d S e a S a l t , 3 1 8 1 c o m m e r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e s a l t f o r h o m e a q u a r i u m s h o u s i n g t r o p i c a l fi s h a n d i n v e r t e b r a t e s ) a n d s a n d f r o m t h e W H ( w h i c h i s v e r y w e l l - s o r t e d , m o d e r a t e l y r o u n d e d , m e d i u m t o fi n e - g r a i n e d , y e l l o w - t a n s h o r e f a c e q u a r t z s a n d s t o n e [ R o g e r s a n d K i d w e l l , 2 0 0 0 ] w i t h t r a c e s o f f e l d s p a r a n d e v e n s m a l l e r a m o u n t s o f p y r o x e n e / a m p h i b o l e ) . F o u r t e e t h w e r e p l a c e d i n t o e a c h o f t h e e i g h t t u m b l e r s ( l a b e l l e d A t h r u H ) , t h r e e C . t a u r u s a n d o n e R . b o n a s u s ( t e e t h w e r e i n i t i a l l y a s s i g n e d a n a l p h a n u m e r i c i d e n t i fi c a t i o n n u m b e r d e p e n d e n t o n t h e b a r r e l h o u s i n g , e x a m p l e : t o o t h 1 i n b a r r e l A i s n a m e d A 1 , t o r e t a i n i d e n t i t y t h r o u g h o u t t h e e x p e r i m e n t ( F i g u r e 7 4 ) . T h e t e e t h w e r e l a t e r g i v e n c a t a l o g u e n u m b e r s ( S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 5 : 1 2 1 - S M M P 2 0 0 6 : 1 5 : 8 : 4 H 4 ) f o r e v e n t u a l h o u s i n g a t t h e S M M . T h e q u a n t i t y o f t e e t h p e r t u m b l e r w a s c h o s e n t o i n c r e a s e t h e a b i l i t y t o t r a c k e a c h t o o t h a s i t c h a n g e d d u r i n g t h e c o u r s e o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t . P r e l i m i n a r y e x p e r i m e n t s i n 2 0 0 5 p r o v e d t h a t s u c h a s e t u p w a s n e e d e d . T h e p r e l i m i n a r y t r i a l i n 2 0 0 4 - 2 0 0 5 c o n s i s t e d o f o n e l a p i d a r y t u m b l e r w i t h 2 5 C . t a u r u s t e e t h t h a t w e r e m a r k e d , o n l y t o l o s e a l l f o r m o f i d e n t i fi c a t i o n a f t e r 2 0 0 h o u r s o f t u m b l i n g . T h e a b r a s i v e n a t u r e o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t w o u l d c a u s e a n y f o r m o f m a r k o n t h e t e e t h t o b e e r a s e d . S e l e c t i o n o f t h e t e e t h p l a c e d i n t o e a c h t u m b l e r w a s p r i m a r i l y b a s e d o n t h e o v e r a l l m o r p h o l o g y a n d c o m p l e t e n e s s o f e a c h t o o t h , m a k i n g e a c h t o o t h r e c o g n i z a b l e f r o m t h e o t h e r s a f t e r e a c h t u m b l i n g i n t e r v a l . A s s t a t e d a b o v e , t h i s w a s n e c e s s a r y b e c a u s e a t o o t h c o u l d n o t b e l a b e l l e d i n a n y m a n n e r a n d r e t a i n t h a t l a b e l t h r o u g h t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t . T h e t o t a l s a m p l e s i z e u s e d h e r e w a s 2 4 C . t a u r u s t e e t h a n d 8 R . b o n a s u s t e e t h . T h e t e e t h w e r e t u m b l e d i n t h e s a n d a n d w a t e r m i x t u r e f o r a t o t a l o f 1 0 0 0 h o u r s , a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u i v a l e n t t o a l i n e a r d i s t a n c e o f 8 8 0 k i l o m e t e r s b a s e d o n t h e b a r r e l 1 8 2 d i m e n s i o n s , r p m , a n d d u r a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t , d u r i n g t h e s u m m e r o f 2 0 0 6 . R e v o l u t i o n s p e r m i n u t e ( r p m ) f o r e a c h t u m b l e r w e r e m o n i t o r e d m u l t i p l e t i m e s a d a y ( t o t a l o f 7 8 t i m e s ) a s t h e y v a r i e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e r u n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t . A t 5 0 h o u r i n t e r v a l s t h e t e e t h w e r e m e a s u r e d ( h e i g h t a n d w i d t h i n m i l l i m e t e r s w i t h M i t u t o y o D i g i m a t i c C a l i p e r s [ 5 0 0 - 3 5 1 ] a n d m a s s i n g r a m s w i t h a M e t t l e r C o l l e g e 2 4 4 D e l t a R a n g e B a l a n c e ) a n d p h o t o g r a p h e d , b o t h l a b i a l a n d l i n g u a l s i d e s ( w i t h a n 8 . 0 m e g a p i x e l 8 x z o o m N i k o n C o o l p i x 8 7 0 0 d i g i t a l c a m e r a ; p h o t o s o f t h e t u m b l e r s w e r e t a k e n w i t h a n O l y m p u s C a m e d i a C - 3 0 0 0 Z o o m D i g i t a l C a m e r a ) t o m o n i t o r a n y c h a n g e s b e t w e e n r u n s . I m a g e s o f t h e t e e t h w e r e p l a c e d ( u s i n g P h o t o S h o p ) o n a u n i f o r m b l a c k b a c k g r o u n d a n d a l l n u m e r i c a l a n d q u a l i t a t i v e d a t a w e r e s a v e d i n E x c e l a n d l a t e r m a n i p u l a t e d f o r s t a t i s t i c a l t e s t s . R a w — I E Q u a l i t a t i v e r e s u l t s V i s u a l c h a n g e s i n t h e t e e t h w e r e n o t i c e a b l e . T e e t h f r o m b o t h C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s s t a r t e d o u t w h i t e i n c o l o r . A f t e r t h e fi r s t 5 0 h o u r s o f t u m b l i n g t h e y s h o w e d a c o l o r c h a n g e i n t h e r o o t , f r o m w h i t e t o a y e l l o w / t a n c o l o r ( F i g u r e s 7 5 - 7 8 ) . T h e c u s p r e t a i n e d t h e w h i t e c o l o r f o r t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t h o w e v e r , e a r l y o n s o m e o f t h e t e e t h d e v e l o p e d a g r a y u n d e r t o n e . S o m e o f t h e t e e t h s h o w e d a d r a m a t i c c h a n g e a f t e r t h e fi r s t 5 0 h o u r s o f t u m b l i n g . T o o t h A 2 ( C . T a u r u s ) l o s t 2 . 0 0 m i l l i m e t e r s i n h e i g h t a f t e r 5 0 h o u r s o f t u m b l i n g , w h e r e a s s o m e t e e t h s h o w e d v e r y l i t t l e c h a n g e . S o m e t e e t h s h o w e d a n i m p r e s s i v e c h a n g e i n s h a r p n e s s , g o i n g f r o m v e r y s h a r p t o q u i t e d u l l , w h e r e o t h e r t e e t h r e t a i n e d v i r t u a l l y t h e s a m e s h a r p n e s s a t 5 0 0 h o u r s . S o f a r n o q u a n t i t a t i v e 1 8 3 m e t h o d h a s b e e n d e v i s e d f o r m e a s u r i n g s h a r p n e s s t h o u g h t h e r e a r e m e t h o d s f o r m a m m a l t e e t h ( L u c a s , 2 0 0 4 ) a n d t o o l s ( r a z o r s , k n i v e s , e t c . ) . C u r r e n t l y t h e c h a n g e i n s h a r p n e s s i s b a s e d o n t a c t i l e d i f f e r e n c e s u n t i l s u c h a s c a l e c a n b e d e t e r m i n e d . F i g u r e s 7 5 - 7 8 s h o w a s e r i e s o f o n e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s , f r o m t i m e 0 h o u r s t o t i m e 1 0 5 0 h o u r s i n l i n g u a l v i e w . F o r a l l t o o t h s e r i e s s e e A p p e n d i x G . Q u a n t i t a t i v e r e s u l t s C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s S a m p l e d a t a f o r h e i g h t l o s s o f t o o t h A 2 i s i n T a b l e 1 5 ( a l l d a t a f o r h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s l o s s f o r a l l t e e t h i n t h e e x p e r i m e n t a r e i n A p p e n d i x H ) . R a t e s o f l o s s w e r e m e a s u r e d i n m m / h r f o r h e i g h t a n d w i d t h a n d g / h r f o r t h e m a s s . T h e a p p r o x i m a t e r a t e s o f l o s s a r e ( l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n ) , h e i g h t : 0 . 0 0 2 5 m m / h r , w i d t h : 0 . 0 0 2 6 m m / h r , a n d m a s s : 4 e — 5 g / h r ( T a b l e 1 6 3 ) , w h e r e o n e h o u r o f t r a v e l i s a p p r o x i m a t e d t o b e 0 . 8 7 9 k m . M e a n v a l u e s o f m e a s u r e m e n t s ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r a l l t e e t h ( n = 2 4 [ s h a r k ] ) w e r e t a k e n a t 5 0 h o u r i n t e r v a l s t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e 1 0 0 0 h o u r l e n g t h o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a n d v a r i e d s i g n i fi c a n t l y ( m i n i m u m p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 ) . T a b l e 1 6 b p r e s e n t s t h e e x p o n e n t i a l “ r a t e o f c h a n g e ” f o r t h e t e e t h . R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s T h e a p p r o x i m a t e r a t e s o f l o s s a r e h e i g h t ( l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n ) : 0 . 0 0 0 2 m m / h r , w i d t h : 0 . 0 0 0 2 m m / h r , a n d m a s s : 7 e " 6 g / h r ( T a b l e 1 6 3 ) . M e a n v a l u e s o f m e a s u r e m e n t s ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r a l l t e e t h ( n = 8 [ r a y ] ) w e r e t a k e n a t 5 0 h o u r i n t e r v a l s t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e 1 8 4 1 0 0 0 h o u r l e n g t h o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a n d v a r i e d s i g n i fi c a n t l y ( m i n i m u m p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 ) . T a b l e 1 6 b p r e s e n t s t h e e x p o n e n t i a l “ r a t e o f c h a n g e ” f o r t h e t e e t h . S i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n a n d S t u d e n t ’ s t - t e s t s C h a n g e s w e r e m e a s u r e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y w i t h t h e P e a r s o n p r o d u c t - M o m e n t C o r r e l a t i o n a n d S t u d e n t ’ s t - t e s t . R e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s i s ( u s i n g M i c r o s o f t E x c e l ) p r o d u c e d 3 b e s t fi t l i n e t h r o u g h t h e d a t a . L i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n a n d r e g r e s s i o n e x p o n e n t i a l c u r v e s w e r e b o t h c a r r i e d o u t . T h e c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f fi c i e n t ( r ) m e a s u r e s t h e g o o d n e s s o f fi t o f t h e p o i n t s t o t h e l i n e 6 ‘ I , 1 ‘ ( e . g . F i g u r e s 7 9 a n d 8 0 ) . T h e s i g n i fi c a n c e o f i s t h e n f o u n d i n a p r o b a b i l i t y t a b l e w i t h t h e k n o w n d e g r e e s o f f r e e d o m f r o m t h e e x p e r i m e n t a n d t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n o f t h o s e t w o v a r i a b l e s o n t h e t a b l e d e t e r m i n e s t h e l e v e l o f s i g n i fi c a n c e f o r t h e d a t a ( F i s h e r , 1 9 5 4 : 2 0 9 ) . L i n e a r a n d e x p o n e n t i a l e q u a t i o n s o f b e s t fi t l i n e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d t h r o u g h E x c e l f o r a l l o f t h e t e e t h o v e r t i m e . T h e s a m p l e s i n T a b l e s 1 7 a n d 1 8 p r o v i d e t h e l i n e e q u a t i o n , s l o p e o f t h e l i n e o r t h e p o w e r f u n c t i o n f o r t h e e x p o n e n t i a l r e g r e s s i o n ( r a t e o f c h a n g e ) , t h e r z - v a l u e , t h e r - v a l u e , a n d d e g r e e s o f f r e e d o m ( a l l d a t a i n A p p e n d i x I ) . I n d i v i d u a l l y a n d a s a w h o l e ( p o p u l a t i o n ) t e e t h o f C . t a u r u s h a d a 9 9 % ( b o t h l i n e a r a n d e x p o n e n t i a l ) s i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n f o r h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s w h e r e a s R . b o n a s u s h a d a s i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n o f 9 8 % f o r h e i g h t ( a s a p o p u l a t i o n ) a n d a n y w h e r e f r o m 9 0 % - 9 9 % f o r i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h ( l i n e a r , 9 9 % f o r e x p o n e n t i a l ) , 9 8 % ( l i n e a r , 9 9 % e x p o n e n t i a l ) a s a w h o l e p o p u l a t i o n f o r w i d t h ( a n d a n y w h e r e f r o m 9 0 % - 9 9 % f o r i n d i v i d u a l t e e t h l i n e a r , 9 9 % e x p o n e n t i a l ) , a n d 9 9 % f o r t h e w h o l e p o p u l a t i o n f o r m a s s ( l i n e a r a n d e x p o n e n t i a l ) , w i t h o n e t o o t h a t 9 5 % a n d o n e t o o t h n o t s i g n i fi c a n t a t a n y l e v e l ( l i n e a r , a n d a l l b u t o n e t o o t h 9 9 % e x p o n e n t i a l ) ( T a b l e s 1 9 3 - b ; a l l d a t a i n A p p e n d i x I i s t h e s a m e f o r m a t a s T a b l e s 1 7 a n d 1 8 ) . 1 8 5 T h e S t u d e n t ’ s t - t e s t s c a n b e u s e d t o a s s e s s t h e s i g n i fi c a n c e b e t w e e n p o p u l a t i o n s , o r t h e “ b e f o r e ” a n d “ a f t e r ” a f f e c t o f a t r e a t m e n t , w h e r e “ b e f o r e ” a n d “ a fi e r ” a r e t h e p o p u l a t i o n s a n d t h e h y p o t h e s i s i s t h a t t h e r e i s n o s i g n i fi c a n t d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e “ b e f o r e ” a n d “ a fi e r ” p o p u l a t i o n s . S a m p l e S t u d e n t ’ s t - t e s t r e s u l t s f o r t h e c h a n g e i n h e i g h t o r h e i g h t l o s s f o r C . t a u r u s i n T a b l e 2 0 s h o w t h a t w e r e a l l a t p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 ( f o r a l l v a r i a b l e s , h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) b u t t h e r e s u l t s w e r e m o r e v a r i a b l e f o r R . b o n s a u s , r a n g i n g p = 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 ( T a b l e 2 1 ) . R e s u l t s f o r t h e r a y t e e t h w e r e f a r m o r e e r r a t i c t h a n t h e y w e r e f o r t h e s h a r k t e e t h ( s e e A p p e n d i x I f o r g r a p h s ) . F o r a l l t h e S t u d e n t ’ s t - t e s t d a t a s e e A p p e n d i x J . T h e r e s u l t s f o r c o r r e l a t i o n a n d t h e S t u d e n t ’ s t - t e s t w o u l d i m p l y t h a t t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s , t h e r e i s n o c h a n g e i n p r e s e r v a t i o n w i t h t i m e i n a d y n a m i c e n v i r o n m e n t , s h o u l d b e r e j e c t e d . I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s C h a n g e s i n t o o t h a p p e a r a n c e d e m o n s t r a t e q u a l i t a t i v e l y t h a t p h y s i c a l a b r a s i o n d o e s i n d e e d a l t e r t h e t e e t h ( F i g u r e s 7 5 - 7 8 ) . I t w a s a l s o d e m o n s t r a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y , b y m e a n s o f s i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n a n d S t u d e n t ’ s t — t e s t s t h a t p u t t i n g s h a r k a n d r a y t e e t h i n a s i m u l a t e d d y n a m i c e n v i r o n m e n t , t h e s i m u l a t i o n w i l l a l t e r t h e m g r e a t l y . T h e s h a r k t e e t h s h o w e d e x c e p t i o n a l l y c o n s i s t e n t r e s u l t s t h r o u g h o u t t h e r u n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t . T h e r a y t e e t h h o w e v e r s h o w e d g r e a t e r v a r i a b i l i t y . O n e r e a s o n f o r t h i s i s s a n d f r o m t h e t u m b l i n g m i x t u r e l o d g i n g i n t h e c o m b - l i k e r o o t o f t h e t e e t h , a l t e r i n g t h e m a s s a n d i n t r o d u c i n g a s o u r c e o f v a r i a t i o n . A d d i t i o n a l l y , c o n s i s t e n c y w a s d i f fi c u l t t o m a i n t a i n w i t h l i n e a r m e a s u r e m e n t s f o r t h e r a y t e e t h . I t s h o u l d a l s o b e n o t e d t h a t t h e r e a r e n o r e a l p r o j e c t i o n s t o b e w o r n d o w n o n t h e r a y t e e t h . T h e y a r e c o m p a c t s t r u c t u r e s a n d v e r y d i f f e r e n t f r o m 1 8 6 t h e s h a r k t e e t h t h a t h a v e c u s p s , c u s p l e t s , a n d r o o t l o b e s v u l n e r a b l e t o b r e a k i n g . D u e t o t h e s c a l e o f t h e t e e t h a n d i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n u s e d i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e t o r e p o r t h o w m u c h t h e “ t e e t h ” o f t h e c o m b w e r e w o r n d o w n . O v e r a l l t h e r a y t e e t h s h o w e d l e s s c h a n g e r e l a t i v e t o t h e s h a r k t e e t h . A p p l i c a t i o n o f t a p h o n o m y e x p e r i m e n t s t o t h e J R F f a u n a T h i s a n a l y s i s c a n a l s o a p p l y t o d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e W H a n d P P F b o n e b e d s w i t h i n t h e J R F . G i v e n t h e i r c l o s e p r o x i m i t y ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 k i l o m e t e r s ) a n d t h a t t h e y r e p r e s e n t t h e s a m e s h o r e f a c e d e p o s i t s a n d s t r a t i g r a p h i c h o r i z o n , w i t h n e a r l y i d e n t i c a l f a u n a l d i v e r s i t y , i t w a s r a t h e r s u r p r i s i n g t o s e e a d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e o v e r a l l p r e s e r v a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t w o s i t e s . D i f f e r e n t i a l a b u n d a n c e s a n d p r e s e r v a t i o n w o u l d a p p e a r t o s u g g e s t t h a t o t h e r , a s y e t u n r e c o g n i z e d , f a c t o r s d i f f e r e n t i a l l y i m p a c t e d t h e t w o s i t e s . T h e W H h a s 1 8 t a x a a n d P P F 1 6 t a x a ( T a b l e 9 ) w i t h v e r y s i m i l a r f a u n a l c o m p o s i t i o n s . H o w e v e r , t h e W H h a s a g r e a t e r a b u n d a n c e o f m a t e r i a l a n d a w i d e r a r r a y o f p r e s e r v a t i o n ( f r o m 2 1 k i l o g r a m s o f m a t r i x ) , w h e r e a s t h e P P F s h o w s l e s s a b u n d a n c e ( f r o m 4 5 k i l o g r a m s o f m a t r i x ) w i t h m o r e u n i f o r m p r e s e r v a t i o n ( F i g u r e s 7 1 a n d 7 2 a n d T a b l e s 2 2 a n d 2 3 ) . T h i s s u g g e s t s l o c a l i z e d a r e a s o f v a r i a b l e e n e r g y , w i t h t h e W H s i t e r e p r e s e n t i n g a h i g h e r e n e r g y e n v i r o n m e n t b r i n g i n g i n a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l ( e . g . c h i m a e r i d s ) f r o m f a r t h e r o f f s h o r e a n d m i x i n g i t w i t h l o c a l m a t e r i a l , a n d a b r a d i n g t h e s p e c i m e n s t o a h i g h e r d e g r e e t h a n t h o s e p r e s e r v e d a t P P F , w h e r e t h e m a t e r i a l r e fl e c t s a m o r e a u t o c h t h o n o u s o r i g i n . F i g u r e s 7 1 a n d 7 2 s h o w t h e r a n g e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e b o n e b e d s . A q u a l i t a t i v e l i s t i n g o f t h e r a n g e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n b e t w e e n b o n e b e d s ( T a b l e 2 2 ) s h o w s t h a t 1 8 7 J m h r 1 1 5 “ W H h a s a b r o a d e r r a n g e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n t h a n P F F . O r i g i n a l “ P r i s t i n e ” W H t e e t h h a v e s o m e d e g r e e o f r o u n d i n g o f t h e c u s p s , c u t t i n g e d g e s , a n d / o r r o o t , o t h e r w i s e s u r fi c i a l d e t a i l s o n t h e w h o l e , p r e s e r v e d . T h e t e e t h m a y b e b r o k e n t h r o u g h t h e r o o t , o r a l l i d e n t i fi c a t i o n o f a t o o t h i s l o s t w h e n a l l t h a t r e m a i n s a r e t i p s , b r o k e n c u s p s , b r o k e n r o o t s , a n d f r a g m e n t a r y c h i m a e r i d p l a t e s . “ P r i s t i n e ” P P F t e e t h t u r n e d o u t t o b e v e r y p r i s t i n e , t h e n t e e t h w i t h s o m e b r e a k a g e , a n d t h e n l i t t l e e l s e l e f t f o r i d e n t i fi c a t i o n . T a b l e 2 3 l i s t s t h e f a u n a a n d q u a n t i t y o f e l e m e n t s o f e a c h t a x o n f o u n d i n e a c h b o n e b e d . P P F h a s f a r l e s s m a t e r i a l o v e r a l l w i t h a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 4 % o f t h e W H t o t a l . P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e i s b y f a r t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t f o s s i l ( t e e t h a n d d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ) f o u n d i n b o t h b o n e b e d s , a c c o u n t i n g f o r ~ 6 6 % o f t h e m a t e r i a l f o r W H a n d ~ 8 0 . 1 % o f t h e m a t e r i a l f o r P P F . H o w e v e r t h e a b u n d a n c e s o f e a c h t a x o n d i f f e r s a f t e r t h a t ( T a b l e 2 4 ) . A l s o l i s t e d i n T a b l e 2 3 , i s t h e m a t e r i a l s c r e e n w a s h e d i n t h e fi e l d b y R R R , i l l u s t r a t i n g t h a t s c r e e n w a s h i n g o n s i t e p r o d u c e s f a r l e s s m a t e r i a l t h a n b u l k s a m p l i n g a n d d r y s i e v i n g i n a l a b o r a t o r y . S c r e e n w a s h i n g o f W H m a t r i x p r o d u c e d 1 0 . 5 % o f t h e m a t e r i a l t h a n w a s p r o d u c e d f r o m W H t h r o u g h d r y s i e v i n g , c l e a r l y d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h a t s c r e e n w a s h i n g o n s i t e c r e a t e s 3 g r e a t l o s s o f m a t e r i a l a n d i n f o r m a t i o n . T a p h o n o m i c s c a l e T h e i n i t i a l t a p h o n o m i c s c a l e ( T a b l e 1 0 ) f o r s h a r k t e e t h b a s e d o n t h e A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s t e e t h f r o m t h e W H p r o v e d t o b e i n s u f fi c i e n t t o d e s c r i b e t h e a d d i t i o n a l r a n g e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n s e e n i n t h e t e e t h f r o m P P F . A f t e r e x a m i n i n g a d d i t i o n a l f o s s i l m a t e r i a l o f g r e a t e r p r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e , T a b l e s 1 2 3 - b e x p a n d s u p o n t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e , b u t s t i l l o n l y i n a q u a l i t a t i v e m a n n e r . W i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e q u a l i t a t i v e c a t e g o r i e s a n d t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k , a n e w t a p h o n o m i c s c h e m e c a n b e p r o p o s e d . P r o p o s e d h e r e i s 1 8 8 a s c a l e u s i n g a 1 - 1 0 s c a l e w i t h 1 b e i n g “ p r i s t i n e , ” i n t h i s c a s e a p r i s t i n e t o o t h , a n d 1 0 b e i n g “ f e a t u r e l e s s , ” a t o o t h g r o u n d d o w n t o a p e b b l e . T a b l e 2 5 i s p r o p o s e d a s a n e w t a p h o n o m i c s c a l e t o u s e i n a s s e s s i n g t h e q u a l i t y o f p r e s e r v a t i o n o f f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h . F i g u r e 8 1 s h o w s h o w m o d e r n t e e t h ( f r o m t h e e x p e r i m e n t ) a n d f o s s i l t e e t h ( f r o m W H a n d P P F ) m a y fi t i n w i t h t h e s c h e m e w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e c o l o r a t i o n f o r t h e f o s s i l t e e t h . T h i s s c a l e d e s c r i b e s t h e l o s s o f d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e s a s w i t n e s s e d i n t h e e x p e r i m e n t s , s t a r t i n g w i t h a c o m p l e t e , p r i s t i n e , s h a r p , t o o t h , s l i g h t b l u n t i n g o f t h e c u s p a n d d i s c o l o r a t i o n i s t h e fi r s t r e a l s i g n . T h i s i s f o l l o w e d b y r o u n d i n g o f t h e r o o t l o b e s . A s w e a r p r o g r e s s e s t h e t o o t h b e c o m e s i n c r e a s i n g l y m o r e b l u n t , r o o t s m o r e a b s e n t , a n d c u s p l e t s c o m p l e t e l y w o r n a w a y . T h e fi n a l s t a g e i s a f e a t u r e l e s s s t a g e w h e r e t h e t o o t h n o l o n g e r r e s e m b l e s a n o r g a n i c e n t i t y . T h e r e a r e c u r r e n t l i m i t a t i o n s t o t h i s p r o p o s e d s c h e m e a s i t i s a p p l i c a b l e t o t e e t h t h a t h a v e b e e n w o r n d o w n b u t n o t b r o k e n . A n o t h e r l i m i t a t i o n a t t h i s t i m e i s t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t ; c l e a r l y t o a c h i e v e a f e a t u r e l e s s p e b b l e w i l l r e q u i r e m a n y h o u r s b e y o n d t h e 1 0 0 0 h o u r s t o a c h i e v e . T h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s r e v e a l i n t r i n s i c l i n k s b e t w e e n p a l e o d i v e r s i t y a n d t a p h o n o m y a n d a r e l i k e l y a p p l i c a b l e t o o t h e r s i t e s e x h i b i t i n g d i s c r e t e l a g d e p o s i t s . F o s s i l s t h a t a r e m o s t l i k e l y a u t o c h t h o n o u s a r e t h o s e t h a t d i s p l a y ’ l i t t l e t o n o a b r a s i o n a n d t h o s e t h a t d o w o u l d b e a l l o c h t h o n o u s a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e t u m b l i n g e x p e r i m e n t . T h e v a r y i n g r a n g e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n a n d f a u n a l c o m p o s i t i o n s b e t w e e n l o c a l l y c l o s e s i t e s w o u l d a l s o i n d i c a t e t h a t s a m p l i n g j u s t o n e s i t e i s n o t s u f fi c i e n t t o g a t h e r e n o u g h i n f o r m a t i o n f o r a c o m p r e h e n s i v e v i e w o f t h e f a u n a o f a n a r e a . 1 8 9 I l I I " | | l 9 . 0 . 0 0 2 1 2 l l 8 1 9 8 1 1 i 1 I [ 4 J 8 . 2 . 4 a 8 « 1 | I 6 2 # 9 1 l r r r r . % 7 2 - r r 1 1 1 # 3 r r [ - r . 1 a . 2 - I - # 6 . 4 1 l I r l I o a L i r r e e t t a A T L O n A T T a b l e 1 0 . P r i s t i n e R o o t m i n i m a l l y a b r a d e d P r i s t i n e ( c r o w n R o o t a b r a d e d B r o k e n B r o k e n ( p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n ) c r o w n p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n t i p b r o k e n ) w / c o l o r a t i o n p a t c h y c o l o r a t i o n T O T A L 1 9 0 k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . I n i t i a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t o o t h t a p h o n o m y b a s e d o n A r c h a e o l a m n a # % # % # % # % # ‘ 7 0 # % # % l 2 . 1 4 1 0 . 4 J 4 P o s t c r i o r l 7 5 6 1 2 . 5 N _ _ — _ _ — 4 : 1 : % 1 2 . 5 _ 8 1 1 1 1 1 4 . 3 L A T O T n o i t a n r e o l k o o c r B y h c t a p n 3 C e l e k o r B O 0 d n e o i e e d a t r b a r o a l o t c 1 [ 3 1 l 0 1 I o 1 0 o / R w n w o ) r n c e ( k o e r n b i t p s i i t r P d n e o i d t 2 4 . . 0 0 0 . 1 O 0 ) r ) r o o i i r ) r e l e t a t s r n o e t a p a ( ( l a r a ( 3 4 r . 1 4 e e . 6 5 5 8 4 9 1 2 7 3 1 2 . . . 0 0 0 : s t l u b o l 2 a l o y c l l y h a I I m i c t a n p i m n t w o o o r R c ) n o i 0 4 0 - s e r t s e L t I I I 8 a l l 0 e r t . . u e e . & a e r n o i t l o 6 4 7 1 q I I I | s i s h i c r y P h C c 8 7 5 6 0 1 t a p ( . l l l [ r l r o a o L i r i r e r t e A e T a t t n A L s O o P T 6 e 0 0 . 4 1 | 0 4 1 4 2 . 1 “ I N N | - I 0 2 I - 1 3 0 - | 0 4 I 9 | O N — 3 . 6 | 1 9 — q o . — c 1 9 1 T a b l e 1 1 . O b s e r v e d a n d e x p e c t e d o c c u r r e n c e s a n d X z - t e s t o f t e e t h f r o m T a b l e 1 0 . 0 0 5 9 . 0 I 4 8 f L b i r n o g k u e l a n v n t i n e t w h o L b a r b o i k a l e n o f v i t o e o w t h . D . ; . ‘ l n G K . h ‘ I " D a : I - Q , a I . . L i n g u a l v i e w o f a l m o s t L a b i a l v i e w o f a l m o s t p r i s t i n e t o o t h p r i s t i n e t o o t h L i n g u a l v i e w o f a b r a d e d L a b i a l v i e w o f a b r a d e d t o o t h t o o t h I 0 ‘ 1 » I A : C U S P S C u s p l e t s I I r ‘ F i g u r e 7 1 . P r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e o f A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . S c a l e b a r : 1 . 0 c m . 1 9 2 L P i F n I g S u U a U l C v t i o o e t w h o f L p a r b i i s a t i l n v e f i t e o w o t o h b u t b r o k e n t o o t h L a b i a l v i e w o f p r i s t i n e b u t L i n g u a l v i e w o f p r i s t i n e b r o k e n t o o t h F i g u r e 7 2 . 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S c a l e b a r = 1 . 0 c m . 1 9 3 L L A A T T O O T T s t e l p s 2 . 8 1 u 4 C 1 | t u b r l y e o n n p o i t s s t u o i c o r r P e e n n o o 0 v v i i . a a 3 t t h h 1 a a r r y o y o a a l l o o m m c c n y n y e h e h 0 k c k c 1 o o t t r r a a B B p p n o n o d i d i e t e t d d e a e a a a v r r r a o v r a o b h l o a c b h l o a c y y t y a o h m o c t y a o h m o c R t R t a a p p e e n n y v o y v o l i a l a i l h t l h t a a m y r a a m y r i a i a l l o o n n m o m o i c i c m d m d e e y y t d o a o r R b h h t d c c o a t t o r a a R b a a p p t t u p u p b b i i t n t n e e e e n k n n n k i w o t s i o r r b i w o t s i o r r b r c r c P P n n e e o o n n i i i i t t t t s s e a e a i v i v r r r a a o p p l r o l h o h o t t c c y y s s y y a a o o h h m c m c m m l l t t A A a a p p e e n n i i t t s s i i r r P P l l l . . l r r F 3 2 1 H o a o b W r P e r 1 i r i 2 P e e l l n o b b A P a a t L s e t e a t T T R R R ) . k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d ( i n c l u d e d a r e t e e t h s c r e e n w a s h e d o n s i t e b y R e v i s e d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t o o t h t a p h o n o m y b a s e d o n A r c h a e o l a m n a T a b l e 1 2 3 . # % # % , 1 : % # % 4 % # % # % , # % I 8 I 1 0 . 4 I 4 [ 5 . 2 l 3 | 3 . 9 l 2 2 . 6 2 2 2 8 . 6 l - I 1 0 | 1 3 . 0 ] I — l - I - I 1 1 . 3 1 7 2 2 . 1 l I 1 1 I 1 4 . 3 I 2 l 2 . 6 I l 1 . 3 I - - 2 4 4 9 . 4 l _ — _ . o c - l \ c _ _ — L I _ — _ 1 I # % # % # % % 1 1 % # % 1 1 % 2 9 | 3 7 . 7 l 6 | 7 . 8 [ 4 [ 5 . 2 1 3 1 3 9 ] 2 1 [ 2 7 . 3 1 1 4 1 1 8 2 3 7 7 1 0 0 0 = 1 3 : _ O _ O T O T A L [ 1 9 4 , # g % # % g # , % g # % . # % . # % # % # % A n t e r i o r r 5 I l l . ” 1 l 2 . 2 | 1 J 2 . 2 ] - - l l 2 . 2 9 2 0 I 2 4 . 4 l 1 9 4 2 . 2 l L a t e r a l l - I - I - l - I l I 2 . 2 l 2 4 . 4 I 1 2 . 2 2 . 2 I 2 0 4 4 . 4 l P o s t e r i o r l 3 l 6 . 7 l | - I - I - - | - - 3 6 . 7 l - - | 6 1 3 . 3 l # % 1 1 % 1 1 % # % # % # % # % T O T A L I 8 1 1 7 . 8 F l 2 . 2 [ 2 1 4 . 4 ] 2 [ 4 . 4 ] 1 4 . 4 l 2 7 l 6 0 l 3 [ 6 . 7 ] 4 5 1 0 0 . 0 3 ? ’ 8 m 2 , s : 5 3 Q 7 : - Q " P . 3 ' 0 0 n o : t 2 3 ( a . 5 1 ’ B H 2 3 ‘ ( o w o 2 n o " I L “ . . 5 . 2 . 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C . . . e . . . d 1 d 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 a a v r r r a o v r a o b h l o b h l o a a c | | l I c l y y t y a t y a o h o h m m o c o c 1 - o 2 2 3 1 1 O o R t R t a a p p I I I l I | e e n n y v o 4 1 5 0 8 9 3 0 y v o l a i . . l a i e . e . . . e . l h t 1 1 1 l h t 4 2 0 0 0 a a a a m y r i a o l m y r i a o l n n m o m o i c i c m d m d e y t h e y t h d - d - - o 3 4 0 2 o 2 o a c t o a c o o r r t R b a a p R b a a p t t u p u p b b i i 0 0 t n e . t n C e . e e e e 6 2 n n k n n k i i w o l w o t t o r o r s s i i r b r b r c r c o 4 - 2 - o 2 P P J I | I l I n n e e o 0 0 o 1 n 8 n 4 4 , 1 i . . . i e i . e t 0 1 9 t t a 1 1 7 s e 2 s e i t a e . . e . 0 0 0 0 . 1 i v i v r r r a r a o o p p l l h o h o t t c c y y s y s y o 9 h o h 0 1 a a m c 2 m 1 1 m c m o o 8 o o l l t l t A A a a p p e n e e . n . . e . e 0 e 0 4 6 I i i 0 L 8 t t s s i i 3 3 [ [ [ r r o 8 o 0 o o 5 3 - P P I ] I 4 L l l r r l o F r l r 4 l l l . 3 H o a i . o o a L L i r r b P i i r A A 3 3 e W r e P r 1 1 e r t e e t t t a s T T e t a t e O O s L e l l n o n L o b b A A P P T T a a T T o c c u r r e n c e s o f t e e t h f r o m T a b l e 1 2 b . e x c l u d e d f r o m a n a l y s i s a s p o s i t i o n i s i n d e t e r m i n a t e ) . 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O b s e r v e d a n d e x p e c t e d o c c u r r e n c e s o f t e e t h f r o m T a b l e 1 2 3 ( c u s p l e t s a r e o i I — — ‘ 1 I o i _ < 1 ) C Q ) C O C \ O O — I — t w a y - n c c : — L L A A T T 1 1 6 6 4 3 2 7 9 O O T T I I I s t e l 4 I I I t u b r l y e n o n o p 1 i p 1 - 2 3 s u C s t u o c o r t s i r P e n e n v v o o i i a a t t h a h a r r y o a l y o a l o o 5 6 1 0 ] 5 7 9 3 m 1 2 m 2 c c n y n y e h e h k c o t r a B p n o i e t v a a r d e d a r I | I I I k c o t r a B p n o d i e t d a r e a v r a o b h 2 3 1 - b h o l 1 I 2 o l a y o h a c y t t a t a y o o h m o e R t a p m o c R t a p I I I I i e e n n 6 9 8 7 0 5 6 2 y v y v o o - 1 1 4 l a i l i a l h t l h t a a a a m y r m y r i a i a l l o o E 9 6 1 l 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 . . . n n 1 . m o 3 - 4 m o 2 - 0 0 0 i c i c 1 m d m d e y t d h e y t d h o a o r c c o a t t o r R b R b a a a a p p 4 I I | I I I t t u p b i u p b i t n t n l r l r a o a t i r o i o r e r e e e e e T n n k n n k t 4 6 2 - l 1 - 2 i i w o n w o t e a t L s t t o r o r s s i i r b r b r c r c P P U l I I i e n i t n n o o e i i n t t i s e s e a a t i v i v r r A o P : s t l u s e o o r r a p h l l 0 1 9 p r a o 8 1 1 h t o l - - l t t c c 2 s y y e s y a o h s t a y o h m m m c l t A a p e n i t s i r P m c l t A a p e n i t 0 5 - 8 s i r P e r a u q s i h C l l I _ I I l . r r r r l . I a H o o a o b a o L L F 4 1 i i r i 4 P r i A A W r r P e r 1 e r e a t e a t t t l L s O l L s O n n e e t e t e T T b a T A A b P P T T o o a T T a b l e 1 4 a . o m i t t e d f r o m t h e X Z - t e s t . 1 9 6 I 7 1 4 2 4 N I : ( 0 A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d . C a t e g o r i e s i n b o l d w a s A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d . T a b l e 1 4 b . k M o d e r n s h a r k j a w p r e - i m m e r s i o n i n s a l t w a t e r t a n k S h a r k j a w a f t e r i m m e r s i o n i n s a l t w a t e r t a n M o d e r n s h a r k j a w i n s a l t w a t e r t a n k w i t h s h r i m p F i g u r e 7 3 . T o o t h p r o c u r e m e n t a t t e m p t . S c a l e b a r = 1 0 . 0 c m . 1 9 7 I n d i v i d u a l b a r r e l E x p e r i m e n t l i n e u p F i g u r e 7 4 . T a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t a l s e t u p . C o n s i s t i n g o f 8 E d u S c i e n c e l a p i d a r y t u m b l e r s , s a l t w a t e r , s a n d f r o m t h e J R F , a n d m o d e r n t e e t h o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ( s h a r k ) a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( r a y ) . 1 9 8 1 5 0 h o u r s 7 5 6 - 2 0 0 h o u r s 7 5 f . 2 5 0 h o u r s F i g u r e 7 5 . S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l v i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e z e r o h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 2 5 0 h o u r s ( 1 ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . 1 9 9 7 6 e - 5 0 0 h o u r s 7 6 f . 5 5 0 h o u r s . . M 7 6 a . 3 0 0 h o u r s 7 6 b . 3 5 0 h o u r s 7 6 c . 4 0 0 h o u r s F i g u r e 7 6 . S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l v i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e 3 0 0 h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 5 5 0 h o u r s ( 1 ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . 2 0 0 . . L ' N 7 7 a . 6 0 0 h o u r s 7 7 b . 6 5 0 h o u r s 7 7 c . ' i 7 0 0 h o u r s 7 7 d . 7 5 0 h o u r s 7 7 f . 8 5 0 h o u r s F i g u r e 7 7 . S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l v i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e 6 0 0 h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 8 5 0 h o u r s ( f ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . 2 0 1 . 5 1 7 ‘ . 1 . . 5 O O V 1 3 . 7 8 c . 1 0 0 0 h o u r s 7 8 1 1 . 1 0 5 0 h o u r s F i g u r e 7 8 . S a m p l e t o o t h ( A 2 ) o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s i n l i n g u a l v i e w , s t a r t i n g f r o m t i m e 9 0 0 h o u r s ( a ) t o t i m e 1 0 5 0 h o u r s ( ( 1 ) . T i m e i n c r e m e n t 5 0 h o u r s . 2 0 2 T o o t h A 2 , H e i g h t i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 2 2 1 . 1 5 2 1 . 1 3 2 1 . 1 4 2 1 . 1 4 2 1 . 1 4 2 1 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 1 . 1 4 . — 5 0 A 2 1 9 . 2 9 1 9 . 3 0 1 9 . 3 0 1 9 . 2 9 1 9 . 2 8 1 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 9 . 2 9 1 0 0 A 2 1 8 . 7 7 1 8 . 7 6 1 8 . 7 7 1 8 . 7 6 1 8 . 7 5 1 8 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 8 . 7 6 1 5 0 A 2 1 7 . 9 6 1 7 . 9 9 1 7 . 9 6 1 7 . 9 7 1 7 . 9 8 1 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 7 . 9 7 2 0 0 A 2 1 7 . 3 6 1 7 . 3 8 1 7 . 3 4 1 7 . 3 4 1 7 . 3 6 1 7 . 3 7 0 . 0 1 6 0 1 7 . 3 6 2 5 0 A 2 1 7 . 1 2 1 7 . 1 2 1 7 . 1 5 1 7 . 1 4 1 7 . 1 4 1 7 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 7 . 1 3 3 0 0 A 2 1 7 . 0 5 1 7 . 0 7 1 7 . 0 7 1 7 . 0 5 1 7 . 0 6 1 7 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 7 . 0 6 3 5 0 A 2 1 6 . 9 4 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 2 1 6 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 6 . 9 3 4 0 0 A 2 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 9 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 6 . 6 8 4 5 0 A 2 1 6 . 4 0 1 6 . 3 7 1 6 . 3 7 1 6 . 3 5 1 6 . 3 5 1 6 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 9 0 1 6 . 3 7 5 0 0 A 2 1 6 . 1 0 1 6 . 1 0 1 6 . 1 1 1 6 . 1 1 1 6 . 1 2 1 6 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 6 . 1 1 5 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 5 . 9 5 6 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 7 1 5 . 7 9 1 5 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 5 . 7 8 6 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 5 . 6 7 7 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 4 9 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 1 5 . 5 2 7 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 4 6 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 4 1 5 . 4 4 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 5 . 4 5 8 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 4 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 . 3 5 8 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 8 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 5 . 2 9 9 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 2 6 1 5 . 2 5 1 5 . 2 5 1 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 2 3 1 5 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 5 . 2 5 9 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 1 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 1 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 . 2 0 1 0 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 1 6 1 5 . 1 8 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 6 4 1 5 . 1 6 T a b l e 1 5 . H e i g h t c h a n g e ( m m ) o f s a m p l e t o o t h o f m o d e r n C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ( t a p h o n o m y s e r i e s ) . S i x r e p l i c a t e s o f e a c h d i m e n s i o n m e a s u r e d a t e a c h i n t e r v a l . T o o t h A 2 h e i g h t m e a s u r e m e n t s w i t h s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n a n d a v e r a g e f o r e a c h i n t e r v a l . 2 0 3 I I I . r h / 7 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 2 3 6 3 0 2 1 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 O - . - . 0 0 A 4 ) ) r r h h / / m m m ( 6 2 2 0 m 1 5 4 ( 5 0 0 8 s 0 0 1 8 s 0 0 . 0 0 o . . . 0 1 l 0 0 - 0 A A h h t t d d i i W W I I I I ) ) r r h h / - / m m m m 5 ( ( 5 7 2 2 0 2 6 s 0 0 s 0 s s 0 0 0 o o . l l . . 0 0 0 t t h h g g i i e e H H 0 “ 4 I I s s l u u a i s s t a a n r n e n a n o o e o b b n p i x a a L E r r e e . . t t a b p p 6 6 o o 1 1 n n e e i i l l h h b b R R a a T T E x p o n e n t i a l C u r v e ) . ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( R e g r e s s i o n 2 0 4 T a b l e 1 6 b . A p p r o x i m a t e r a t e s o f l o s s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . T a b l e 1 6 a . A p p r o x i m a t e r a t e s o f l o s s ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s M a s s l o s s C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s I M a s s 1 0 8 8 / h r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s I r a e 7 ‘ n i L h t i w ( s r u o H 8 1 1 . 3 1 2 4 + 2 8 x . 5 0 2 0 = 0 . 2 0 R w — o * - + 0 - 0 0 1 o = y t ) ‘ s r u o H ( e m i T 0 m ) o e r n f i l h d t n e e e r T T k r a h S f o s s o L t h g i e H f o e t a R I ( 5 . 5 ~ + - ~ ~ ‘ — ' " " — ' 7 “ ' ‘ , . . - 2 4 5 3 5 2 5 5 1 1 1 1 . . . . 1 1 4 . 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 5 ( m m ) i q fi i a H F i g u r e 7 9 . R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h h e i g h t ( R e g r e s s i o n L i n e ) . 1 0 O 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 — — — ‘ 1 - . I l a i t n e n o p x 7 6 0 “ E 1 h 1 4 t 2 i w ( s r 5 . 7 1 = y " 0 ’ - - ~ — u * o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 ) e m n o r i l d f n e r — g h t e e T k r a h S f o s s o L t h g i e H f o e t a R T - 4 5 2 5 ] 1 . 1 . 1 0 1 3 1 1 1 2 0 6 1 2 . 5 ‘ ‘ 7 2 R = O . 9 8 0 6 ( 1 1 1 “ ! ) “ 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 0 . 5 F i g u r e 8 0 . R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h h e i g h t ( R e g r e s s i o n E x p o n e n t i a l C u r v e ) . 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 T i m e ( H o u r s ) L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n m R R d f A 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 3 x + 1 7 . 0 6 8 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 9 5 9 4 0 . 9 7 9 4 9 2 3 A 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 4 6 x + 1 8 . 9 2 6 - 0 . 0 0 4 6 0 . 8 1 4 8 0 . 9 0 2 6 6 3 2 3 A 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 4 x + 1 2 . 6 5 3 - 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 8 2 7 3 0 . 9 0 9 5 6 2 3 B 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 4 x + 7 . 9 3 4 3 - 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 8 9 7 5 0 . 9 4 7 3 6 5 2 3 B 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 6 x + 1 2 . 5 5 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 8 6 1 7 0 . 9 2 8 2 7 8 2 3 B 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 7 x + 9 . 7 4 8 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 9 1 0 6 0 . 9 5 4 2 5 4 2 3 C 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 7 x + 1 4 . 2 5 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 8 6 4 5 0 . 9 2 9 7 8 5 2 3 C 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 2 x + 1 1 . 9 6 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 8 3 7 5 0 . 9 1 5 1 5 2 3 C 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 x + 1 3 . 4 7 3 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 7 8 4 8 0 . 8 8 5 8 8 9 2 3 D 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 5 x + 1 2 . 0 1 3 - 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 . 8 2 4 1 0 . 9 0 7 8 2 3 D 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 2 x + 1 0 . 0 5 1 - 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 7 9 1 9 0 . 8 8 9 8 8 8 2 3 D 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 8 x + 1 6 . 6 8 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 5 7 7 2 0 . 7 5 9 7 3 7 2 3 E 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 1 x + 1 3 . 7 5 7 - 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 6 6 5 9 0 . 8 1 6 0 2 7 2 3 E 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 4 x + 1 6 . 3 7 - 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 7 7 5 4 0 . 8 8 0 5 6 8 2 3 E 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 1 x + 1 6 . 2 9 - 0 . 0 0 3 1 0 . 7 4 1 9 0 . 8 6 1 3 3 6 2 3 F 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 8 x + 1 0 . 0 8 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 8 7 9 7 0 . 9 3 7 9 2 3 2 3 F 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 5 x + 1 4 . 6 5 1 - 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 . 7 4 1 7 0 . 8 6 1 2 2 2 3 F 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 5 1 x + 1 1 . 4 5 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 8 2 3 4 0 . 9 0 7 4 1 4 2 3 G 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 9 x + 1 2 . 0 7 2 - 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 8 5 6 8 0 . 9 2 5 6 3 5 2 3 G 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 4 x + 1 3 . 5 9 9 - 0 . 0 0 3 4 0 . 8 5 2 7 0 . 9 2 3 4 1 8 2 3 G 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 9 x + 1 3 . 6 7 - 0 . 0 0 2 9 0 . 8 6 8 3 0 . 9 3 1 8 2 6 2 3 H 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 l e + 1 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 7 7 9 0 . 8 8 2 6 1 2 3 H 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 2 x + 1 1 . 0 7 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 9 0 9 5 0 . 9 5 3 6 7 7 2 3 H 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 2 x + 1 3 . 8 8 5 - 0 . 0 0 3 2 0 . 8 6 5 6 0 . 9 3 0 3 7 6 2 3 A v e r a g e - 0 . 0 0 2 4 7 1 0 . 8 2 1 3 0 . 9 0 5 0 7 9 A l l S i g n i f i c a n t a t 9 9 % T a b l e 1 7 . C o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . 2 0 7 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n A R R d f A 1 y = 2 1 . 0 7 1 x " - 0 . 0 4 7 3 “ 0 . 0 4 7 3 0 . 9 2 5 3 0 . 9 6 1 9 2 5 2 3 A 2 y = 2 7 . 8 1 2 x " - 0 . 0 8 7 9 “ 0 . 0 8 7 9 0 . 9 8 3 1 0 . 9 9 1 5 1 4 2 3 A 3 y = 1 6 . 9 2 1 x " - 0 . 0 6 9 9 “ 0 . 0 6 9 9 0 . 9 8 4 3 0 . 9 9 2 1 1 9 2 3 B I y = 1 0 . 3 7 1 x " - 0 . 0 6 1 4 “ 0 . 0 6 1 4 0 . 9 3 1 8 0 . 9 6 5 2 9 8 2 3 3 2 y = 1 7 . 1 8 2 “ 0 . 0 7 2 “ 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 9 6 7 1 0 . 9 8 3 4 1 2 2 3 B 3 y = 1 5 . 4 8 1 X “ 0 . 1 0 4 “ 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 9 5 5 9 0 . 9 7 7 7 0 1 2 3 C 1 y = 1 9 . 0 1 6 X “ 0 . 0 6 6 2 “ 0 . 0 6 6 2 0 . 9 6 6 2 0 . 9 8 2 9 5 5 2 3 C 2 y = 1 5 . 9 0 5 x " - 0 . 0 6 5 3 “ 0 . 0 6 5 3 0 . 9 8 1 6 0 . 9 9 0 7 5 7 2 3 C 3 y = 1 6 . 3 9 X “ 0 . 0 4 6 8 “ 0 . 0 4 6 8 0 . 9 6 6 9 0 . 9 8 3 3 1 1 2 3 D 1 y = l 6 . 3 8 3 x " - 0 . 0 7 1 6 “ 0 . 0 7 1 6 0 . 9 8 0 9 0 . 9 9 0 4 0 4 2 3 D 2 y = 1 3 . 7 2 5 X " 0 . 0 7 3 “ 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 9 7 5 7 0 . 9 8 7 7 7 5 2 3 D 3 y = 2 0 . 6 8 4 X “ 0 . 0 5 2 8 “ 0 . 0 5 2 8 0 . 9 6 6 5 0 . 9 8 3 1 0 7 2 3 E 1 y = 1 6 . 4 l 4 x " - 0 . 0 4 4 7 “ 0 . 0 4 4 7 0 . 9 6 4 9 0 . 9 8 2 2 9 3 2 3 E 2 y = 2 3 . 4 8 4 X “ 0 . 0 8 8 6 “ 0 . 0 8 8 6 0 . 9 8 3 2 0 . 9 9 1 5 6 4 2 3 E 3 y = 2 1 . 0 0 5 X “ 0 . 0 6 1 2 “ 0 . 0 6 1 2 0 . 9 6 4 4 0 . 9 8 2 0 3 9 2 3 F 1 y = 1 3 . 2 6 7 X “ 0 . 0 6 2 7 “ 0 . 0 6 2 7 0 . 9 7 0 1 0 . 9 8 4 9 3 7 2 3 F 2 y = 1 8 . 5 9 8 X “ 0 . 0 5 7 “ 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 9 9 0 3 0 . 9 9 5 1 3 8 2 3 F 3 y = 1 3 . 8 8 X “ 0 . 0 4 4 9 “ 0 . 0 4 4 9 0 . 9 6 8 0 . 9 8 3 8 7 2 3 G 1 y = 1 5 . 2 7 3 X “ 0 . 0 5 4 5 “ 0 . 0 5 4 5 0 . 9 5 9 9 0 . 9 7 9 7 4 5 2 3 ( 3 2 y = 2 0 . 4 0 8 x " - 0 . 0 9 2 5 “ 0 . 0 9 2 5 0 . 9 7 9 4 0 . 9 8 9 6 4 6 2 3 G 3 y = 1 9 . 1 9 7 X “ 0 . 0 7 6 8 “ 0 . 0 7 6 8 0 . 9 8 1 4 0 . 9 9 0 6 5 6 2 3 H 1 y = 1 4 . 2 8 8 X “ 0 . 0 6 2 4 “ 0 . 0 6 2 4 0 . 9 7 4 6 0 . 9 8 7 2 1 8 2 3 H 2 y = 1 5 . 3 7 4 X “ 0 . 0 7 3 6 “ 0 . 0 0 7 3 6 0 . 9 6 3 0 . 9 8 1 3 2 6 2 3 H 3 y = 2 0 . 1 3 9 X “ 0 . 0 8 4 5 “ 0 . 0 0 8 4 5 0 . 9 6 8 1 0 . 9 8 3 9 2 1 2 3 A v e r a g e # D I V / 0 1 0 . 9 6 8 8 5 8 3 3 0 . 9 8 4 2 7 6 A 1 1 S i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % T a b l e 1 8 . C o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . 2 0 8 1 T a b l e 1 9 a . L i n e a r , , H e i g h t l o s s 7 W i d t h l o s s M a s s l o s s C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s | 9 9 % | 9 9 % I 9 9 % 1 R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s I 9 9 % I 9 8 % I 9 9 % j T a b l e 1 9 b . E x p o n e n t i a l H e i g h t l o s s W i d t h l o s s M a s s l o s s C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s I 9 9 % I 9 9 % I 9 9 % I R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s I 9 9 % I 9 9 % I 9 9 % I T a b l e 1 9 a . S i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r p o p u l a t i o n o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . T a b l e 1 9 b . S i g n i fi c a n c e c o r r e l a t i o n ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r p o p u l a t i o n o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ( R e g r e s s i o n E x p o n e n t i a l C u r v e ) . 2 0 9 1 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 3 . 2 5 9 8 6 1 1 1 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 7 . 2 2 8 3 9 7 5 6 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 1 4 3 6 5 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 7 8 3 6 8 6 1 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 0 3 6 6 4 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 8 0 7 3 3 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 7 3 4 7 9 1 6 7 1 1 . 5 6 3 5 7 5 8 9 V a r i a n c e 5 . 4 6 6 1 0 3 9 4 5 . 6 1 0 4 3 6 3 1 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 4 9 5 6 5 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f . 2 3 t S t a t 2 . 3 4 1 1 9 7 2 0 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 1 4 1 2 7 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 2 8 2 5 4 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 0 . 9 4 7 5 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 0 3 4 2 9 6 8 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 6 1 7 1 2 3 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 6 . 0 7 7 8 8 0 1 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 6 4 9 7 4 E — 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 5 . 2 9 9 4 7 E — 1 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 T a b l e 2 0 . S t u d e n t ' s t - T e s t r e s u l t s f o r t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s f o r C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s . 2 1 0 H e i g h t l o s s W i d t h l o s s M a s s l o s s C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s , - I n d i v i d u a l l y I p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 I p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 J p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 I P o p u l a t i o n I p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 I p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 J p = 0 . 0 0 0 5 I R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s I n d i v i d u a l l y F p = 0 . 0 1 0 0 0 1 | p = 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 | p = 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 | P o p u l a t i o n I p = 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 I p = 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 I p = 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 I T a b l e 2 1 . S t u d e n t ' s t - T e s t ( h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s ) f o r p o p u l a t i o n o f C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s a n d R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s . 2 1 1 r . . . 2 1 2 T a b l e 2 2 . Q u a l i t a t i v e p r e s e r v a t i o n a l r a n g e b y b o n e b e d . W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y B o n e b e d V e r y p r i s t i n e X F a i r l y p r i s t i n e B r o k e n - p a r t i a l r o o t s B r o k e n - b o t h r o o t l o b e s m i s s i n g C u s p s o n l y , r o o t s o n l y C u s p l e t s V e r y f r a g m e n t a r y X a n d e v e r y t h i n g i n b e t w e e n ( d u l l e d c u t t i n g e d g e s , f r a g m e n t s , . . . ) d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s p r i s m a t i c c a r t i l a g e c e n t r a > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < f r i a b l e c h i m a e r i d t o o t h p l a t e s W H W H R R R P P F T o t a l W H T o t a l W H 8 : P P F H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s 1 0 - - 1 0 1 0 C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i 6 7 1 3 8 8 0 8 8 S q u a l i c o r a x k a u p i 3 - 1 3 4 S q u a l i c o r a x s p . , c f . S . k a u p i 1 - 1 1 2 S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s - - 4 - 4 H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s 1 0 - 1 8 1 0 2 8 H y p o t o d u s s p p . 6 3 - 1 9 6 3 8 2 A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s 6 3 1 4 4 5 7 7 1 2 2 C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a 9 - 2 9 l l P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i 8 - 2 8 1 0 A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e - - 2 - 2 P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e 5 7 4 4 6 4 4 2 6 2 0 1 0 6 2 P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e ( d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ) 2 8 0 2 8 2 1 4 3 0 8 5 2 2 S q u a t i r h i n a s p . 1 3 - - 1 3 1 3 I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a 1 - - 1 l I s c h y r h i z a m i r a 6 3 6 6 3 4 1 2 9 1 6 3 P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i 1 0 l 5 1 1 1 6 P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s 1 - 6 1 7 S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . 2 5 5 6 3 O 3 6 M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s 1 2 5 1 1 7 1 8 M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s ( d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s ) 1 2 l 2 1 3 1 5 I s c h y o d u s 3 5 - - 3 5 3 5 d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s 6 1 1 2 5 9 7 3 1 3 2 P a r a l b u l a c a s e i 1 - - l 1 C r o c o d i l e 2 1 1 3 4 p r i s m a t i c c a r t i l a g e 5 - 2 5 5 3 0 t o o t h f r a g m e n t s 1 8 8 3 5 1 1 9 2 2 3 3 4 2 E n c h o d u s ? 3 5 3 8 1 1 c e n t r a 6 4 4 - 3 4 9 6 4 4 9 9 3 t a p e r e d t e l e o s t t e e t h 1 9 - - 1 9 1 9 c a p t e l e o s t t e e t h 3 5 1 - 3 6 3 6 s h a r k s p i n e ? - - 6 - 6 p o s s i b l e t u r t l e p i e c e s - - 4 8 - 4 8 u n i d e n t i f i e d b o n e c h u n k s - - 5 - 5 t o t a l s 2 2 1 8 2 3 3 1 4 2 7 2 4 5 1 3 8 7 8 T a b l e 2 3 . T o t a l f o s s i l e l e m e n t s b y b o n e b e d . W H R R R i s t h e m a t e r i a l c o l l e c t e d b y R R R f r o m t h e W o o d h a w k B o n e b e d a n d s c r e e n e d i n t h e fi e l d . 2 1 3 ) s e l c i t n e d l a m i s r i a p r e e e t u s s s d d a i a a n u ( ( e r k l e t e e n l i u u l . g . n a a n o u S i e t t t o c i a l u s s e r d i n n d e i s g v h i i e e c v f p l n n o t t s o d . r r o o p k o d a a i s e o i o a i t n i l c r r a a a . n p s e , r u i p p o r u i r i a t a h k . n n r p a o s p a p b p s k d b b i i n p s i r a i n n o i s g k h h r r m o o s m s h l x x x a a a y y a n n i a u u a a a s s o g g c t t z u u m r l t h h r r r y y n a a d d i o r r y m c e t t a h c c c o o o a t p p l l o h a a e o o r l p p r e a t t o d d o h h l l l o o o o y a r t t h t e h h o o e e c c a a a t t r i i i o o l o o c e l c c p p y y e o u u u l l r r s r c r r y y t t r r q q q y y P P I M S M P P P H H S S C A C S A 6 4 1 9 . . 9 8 9 0 4 3 3 8 4 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 7 1 2 9 9 5 0 0 0 7 6 7 7 2 4 1 1 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 0 0 1 l a ) t s o e l c i t n e d l a m T 0 0 1 l a ) s e l c i t n e d l a m s ) t s o e l c i t n e d l a m r T i r p a k e w d ( i s n a e i h e e n g . e d ( t u s a a i l k r s u s s a t i c u u i . l d e t t r s i a a 8 i a u o n n n d i i e s i v l g o n l p n t o t o n s d . e e v f o c c o i r r e o l i n i a r r o W s e o u r , i p p n p k k n o a a d e p i a a a a . n . h u i i . a t a p a n n p r p t o a o p b d b b r a k s i i s p s i n o i n v n n s g h h r r m m h s s o o x x a l o a a a o s m s n n a u u a a c g g y y a n y y r r n a t t z y m m z t l h h u i u a a i d d i h a a c o p p h r r s o o l l h h e a a o r o l l e r u t t c c p p r r d r i o o i i a t t o d d o o o o y o t y r h h l l h o o e e t t o t t h t a h e c c a a o o c e u c l y y u u c p p e o l l b r r s r r y c y y y y r q s q q t r t P P M M H H P I I H S S S P P C C A S 2 1 4 T a b l e 2 4 . P e r c e n t a g e o f e l a s m o b r a n c h t a x a b y b o n e b e d i n d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r . % P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y % 5 4 . 4 3 2 6 . 3 5 5 . 5 4 4 . 1 9 2 . 3 4 2 . 2 2 0 . 9 9 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 4 0 . 6 2 0 . 4 9 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 2 0 . 1 2 0 8 2 8 4 0 8 0 2 - - - - - 2 8 4 2 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 - - - - 5 0 1 2 5 - 1 2 0 0 5 p r a h y n t s a w a t n n e s e r p d n a , e s r n r o o l o c e r w p ) n n l a p o e a h n s x n u a n a h t t n e s o t o b i s c t i g a g t e i n b n t f a e s r r o o e e o e o n r o g l s b , t n l n e o e o i a l g m b o o t o c o t t s t y p s e e e o r n l s i u r l r o d f e u p l o p r o t c m , b m f e , i f o r g e t l s ( o c a n l e n p s b b s m s e i u i n w l a t o o e e l e e e c g b h t h t l c l i t t t r b i t p g p o o o o t s s b i s o h l o u e e o o u T S N R P S R V C C e r d n s a i s d t e d n s l s e r a i e s n i r r e a t t p d s - o d s t l u n r - n r t t i b a o b u i a o r u t u l o o a e o P F P S S S F G B R 1 S c a l e N a m e D e s c r i p t i o n T i m e i n t u m b l e r ( h r ) E s t i m a t e d d i s t a n c e ( k m ) 2 1 5 N C fi fi ' W O l ‘ W O ‘ . 9 . T a b l e 2 5 . R e v i s e d t a p h o n o m y s c a l e f o r s h a r k t e e t h . N 2 5 2 2 5 0 4 4 3 1 0 0 8 8 4 2 5 0 A 2 2 0 5 5 0 0 1 1 0 - 8 0 0 6 h o u r s k m s c a l e F i g u r e 8 1 . M o d e r n a n d f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h a s h o w t h e y m a y fi t i n a t a p h o n o m i c s c h e m e b y t i m e . 2 1 6 C H A P T E R F I V E S U M M A R Y A N D C O N C L U D I N G R E M A R K S S i x a d d i t i o n a l s p e c i e s w e r e f o u n d t h a t w e r e p r e v i o u s l y u n r e p o r t e d f o r t h e J R F : S q u a l i c o r a x p r i s t o d o n t u s , C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , I s c h y r h i z a a v o n i c o l a , P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i , a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s . T h e c o m b i n e d f a u n a s f r o m t h e W H a n d P P F b o n e b e d s a n d C a s e ’ s s t u d i e s ( 1 9 7 8 a a n d 1 9 7 9 ) i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e J R F w a s a c o a s t a l , w a r m s h a l l o w m a r g i n a l m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t h o s t t o a m o d e r a t e l y d i v e r s e f a u n a o f m o s t l y l a m n i f o r m s a n d r a j i f o r m s . C l u s t e r a n a l y s i s s h o w s t h a t 1 7 o f t h e t a x a f r o m t h e J R F a r e e n d e m i c b u t t h e y a r e m o r e l i k e l y e n d e m i c t o t h e e n d o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s o f t h e W I S : H y b o d u s m o n t a n e n s i s , H y b o d u s s t o r e r i , S y n e c h o d u s a n d e r s o n i , S y n e c h o d u s s t r i a t u s , C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s o l s o n i , E u c r o s s o r h i n u s m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s , H y p o t o d u s g r a n d i s , H y p o t o d u s s p p . , O d o n t a s p i s s a n g u i n e i , A r c h a e o l a m n a k o p i n g e n s i s , A r c h a e o t r i a k i s r o c h e l l e a e , P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a r e n a e , S q u a t i r h i n a s p . , I s c h y r h i z a m i r a , P t y c h o t r y g o n b l a i n e n s i s , S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t , a n d M y l e d a p h u s b i p a r t i t u s . A l s o p r e s e n t i n t h i s f a u n a a r e t h e c o s m o p o l i t a n s p e c i e s : C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i , I s c h y r h i z a s p . , P t y c h o t r y g o n h o o v e r i a n d P t y c h o t r y g o n t r i a n g u l a r i s . T h e s p e c i e s c o m p o s i t i o n s o f C a s e ’ s s t u d i e s a n d t h i s s t u d y d i f f e r ; h o w e v e r , t h e c o m b i n e d f a u n a s p r o d u c e a m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e f a u n a l l i s t t h a t i s o n p a r w i t h c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s f a u n a s f r o m s i m i l a r e n v i r o n m e n t s f r o m t h e J R F . T h e J R F f a u n a i s p a r t o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n P r o v i n c e , o f w h i c h t h e f a u n a s f r o m t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( A l b e r t a ) , M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n ” ( W y o m i n g ) , a n d t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n ( M o n t a n a ) a r e a p a r t , b a s e d o n a g e n e r i c l e v e l P A E . 2 1 7 T h e c o s m o p o l i t a n a n d e n d e m i c c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e f a u n a i s m o s t l y a u t o c h t h o n o u s ( c h i m a e r i d s a n d s o m e o f t h e r a y s a r e p r o b a b l y a l l o c h t h o n o u s ) . M a t e r i a l f o u n d i n s i t u i s l i k e l y t o b e l e s s a b r a d e d t h a n m a t e r i a l b r o u g h t i n , a s e v i d e n c e d b y t h e t a p h o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t s , e x p e r i m e n t s t h a t a l s o s h o w , t h a t d e s p i t e h a v i n g t w o l o c a t i o n s f a i r l y c l o s e t o e a c h o t h e r t h e y c a n s t i l l v a r y i n e n v i r o n m e n t . T h e s i t e s a r e l o c a l i z e d a r e a s o f v a r i a b l e e n e r g y r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e s l i g h t f a u n a l c h a n g e s , t h e a b u n d a n c e o f m a t e r i a l f o u n d , a n d t h e d e g r e e o f p r e s e r v a t i o n . T h e W H s i t e r e p r e s e n t s a h i g h e r e n e r g y e n v i r o n m e n t b r i n g i n g i n a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l f r o m f a r t h e r o f f s h o r e a n d m i x i n g i t w i t h l o c a l m a t e r i a l , a n d a b r a d i n g t h e s p e c i m e n s t o a h i g h e r d e g r e e t h a n t h o s e p r e s e r v e d a t P P F , w h e r e t h e m a t e r i a l r e fl e c t s a m o r e a u t o c h t h o n o u s o r i g i n . T h i s c r e a t e s a m i x t u r e o f m a r i n e a n d e s t u a r i n e f o s s i l s , w h i c h p r o d u c e s m i x e d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f t h e g e o l o g y a n d p a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e J R F . T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l a p p r o a c h a p p l i e d h e r e p r o v i d e s i n s i g h t o n : ( 1 ) d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h e a u t o c h t h o n o u s f r o m a l l o c h t h o n o u s f o s s i l v e r t e b r a t e h a r d p a r t s , ( 2 ) q u a n t i f y i n g t h e a m o u n t o f t r a n s p o r t a n d w e a r , a n d ( 3 ) i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e p o t e n t i a l o f p o s t m o r t e m e f f e c t s t o c a u s e t h e l o s s o r d i s t o r t i o n o f d i a g n o s t i c s k e l e t a l f e a t u r e s ; i n t h e c a s e o f s h a r k t e e t h , t h e r o o t l o b e s a n d a p e x o f t h e c u s p w e a r d o w n fi r s t , f o l l o w e d b y o t h e r p r o j e c t i o n s s u c h a s c u s p l e t s . L o s s o f t h e s e f e a t u r e s m a y i n f o r m o n e o f t a p h o n o m i c p r o c e s s e s a t p l a y , b u t t h e g a i n o f t a p h o n o m i c i n f o r m a t i o n m e a n s l o s s o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e t a x o n a n d o v e r a l l t h e f a u n a . A p r e l i m i n a r y p r o d u c t f r o m t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d e x p e r i m e n t s i s a t a p h o n o m i c s c a l e t h a t c a n b e a p p l i e d t o m o d e r a t e l y w o r n s h a r k t e e t h . T h e s c a l e d e v i s e d h e r e h a s 1 e q u a l i n g “ p r i s t i n e ” a n d 1 0 e q u a l i n g “ f e a t u r e l e s s . ” H o w e v e r t h e w o r k h e r e h a s o n l y b e e n a b l e t o a c h i e v e a 6 ( “ f a i r ” ) o n t h i s s c a l e w h e r e t h e t e e t h a r e w o r n a n d h a v e l o s t t h e i r c u s p l e t s . M o r e w o r k i s n e e d e d t o r e a c h t h e “ f e a t u r e l e s s ” s t a g e . 2 1 8 W o r k f o r t h e f u t u r e : M o r e s i t e s n e e d t o b e f o u n d t o b e t t e r a s s e s s t h e r a n g e o f p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s a n d f a u n a l v a r i a t i o n s , n o t j u s t w i t h i n t h e J R F o f M o n t a n a , b u t a l s o t h r o u g h o u t t h e W I S . Q u e s t i o n s t h a t c a n b e a s k e d : i s t h e r e a w i d e v a r i e t y o f l o c a l p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s o u t t h e r e o r i s i t fi n i t e ? D o p a l e o e n v i r o n m e n t s c h a n g e w i t h l o c a t i o n ? W i t h t i m e ? E x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k s h o u l d c o n t i n u e a s p l e n t y o f q u e s t i o n s a r o s e d u r i n g t h i s s t u d y t h a t c o u l d n o t b e a d d r e s s e d w i t h i n t h e s c o p e o f t h i s p r o j e c t . A d d i t i o n a l t u m b l i n g s t u d i e s w o u l d b e b e n e fi c i a l . T h e y c o u l d b e d o n e t o m i m i c d i f f e r e n t e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s . T h e J R F m a t e r i a l c o m e s f r o m a e l a s t i c r i c h e n v i r o n m e n t , w h a t h a p p e n s w h e n c l a s t s i z e c h a n g e s ? W h a t h a p p e n s w h e n c l a s t s a r e r e m o v e d a n d t h e w a t e r c h e m i s t r y h a s c h a n g e d ? W h a t a b o u t c l a s t s i z e s a n d c h a n g i n g w a t e r c h e m i s t r y ? D i f f e r e n t s e d i m e n t s f r o m d i f f e r e n t l o c a l i t i e s w o u l d n e e d t o b e c o l l e c t e d , a n d w a t e r c h e m i s t r i e s s i m u l a t e d . T h e c u r r e n t s t u d y o n l y u s e d s e d i m e n t d i r e c t l y f r o m t h e J R F a n d s t a n d a r d s a l t w a t e r ( b a s e d o n t h e R e d S e a S a l t r e c i p e f o r a q u a r i a ) t o b e s t m i m i c t h e e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e J R F s h a r k s a n d o v e r a l l l i m i t v a r i a b l e s . T h e t e e t h u s e d i n a n y e x p e r i m e n t s w o u l d a l s o h a v e t o b e a l t e r e d . W h a t h a p p e n s w h e n d i f f e r e n t s h a p e d s h a r k t e e t h a r e u s e d ? T h i s w o u l d b e q u i t e d i f fi c u l t t o t e s t , u n a l t e r e d m o d e r n s h a r k t e e t h a r e d i f fi c u l t t o a c q u i r e . W h e n a v a i l a b l e t h e y h a v e c o m e f r o m a q u a r i a , b u t t h e v a r i e t y o f s p e c i e s i s q u i t e l i m i t e d . W h a t h a p p e n s w h e n b r o k e n t e e t h a r e u s e d ? D o t h e f r a c t u r e d / b r o k e n e d g e s w e a r d o w n l i k e t h e t e e t h i n t h i s s t u d y o r w o u l d t h e y f r a c t u r e f u r t h e r ? I f p o s s i b l e , t h e a g e o f s h a r k s p r o d u c i n g t h e t e e t h w o u l d b e u s e f u l t o t e s t 2 1 9 a g a i n s t . H o w d o o l d e r s h a r k t e e t h d i f f e r f r o m y o u n g e r s h a r k t e e t h ( a f t e r f a c t o r i n g i n o n t o g e n e t i c h e t e r o d o n t y , i f p r e s e n t ) ? D o t h e y d i f f e r a t a l l ? W h a t a b o u t f e / m a l e s h a r k s , w o u l d t h e r e b e a d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e m ( w i t h f a c t o r i n g i n s e x u a l h e t e r o d o n t y , i f p r e s e n t ) ? D i e t m a y b e a b i g f a c t o r , i n w h i c h c a s e , a g e a n d s e x m a y b e e f f e c t e d . W h a t a b o u t t e e t h c o l l e c t e d d u r i n g d i f f e r e n t s e a s o n s ? A g a i n , t h i s c o u l d b e d i e t d r i v e n . M a t e r i a l c a n b e r e w o r k e d a f t e r f o s s i l i z a t i o n , s o f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h s h o u l d a l s o b e e x a m i n e d ( t h e c u r r e n t s t u d y o n l y u s e d m o d e r n ( e x t a n t ) , i n t a c t s h a r p , t e e t h i n o r d e r t o l i m i t t h e v a r i a b l e s ) , h o w d o t h e y c o m p a r e t o t h e m o d e r n t e e t h i n w e a t h e r i n g e x p e r i m e n t s ? A d d i t i o n a l l y , w a v e a c t i o n m o d e l s w o u l d b e a m o r e a p p r o p r i a t e s i m u l a t i o n f o r a b r a d i n g t e e t h a n d s h o u l d b e e m p l o y e d ( w i t h t h e a b o v e v a r i a t i o n s o f s e d i m e n t , w a t e r c h e m i s t r y , a n d t e e t h ) . W i t h s u c h a s e t u p , d i f f e r e n t w a v e a n d c o a s t a l c o n d i t i o n s c a n b e m i m i c k e d , f u r t h e r e x p l o r i n g n a t u r a l s c e n a r i o s . S h a r k c a r t i l a g e p r e s e r v a t i o n i s a l s o a n i n t e r e s t i n g t o p i c t o e x p l o r e a s i t d o e s n o t r e a d i l y p r e s e r v e i n t h e f o s s i l r e c o r d . F o s s i l i z e d p i e c e s w e r e f o u n d a t b o t h W H a n d P P F . T h e m o d e r n s h a r k j a w s p l a c e d i n t a n k s w i t h s h r i m p ( f o r t o o t h e x t r a c t i o n / p r o c u r e m e n t ) , a t t h e S h r i m p F a r m M a r k e t w e r e e a t e n b y t h e s h r i m p ( P e n a e u s v a n n a m e i — P a c i fi c w h i t e s h r i m p ) , w h i c h a r e s c a v e n g e r s . T o d i s c o u n t a n y b r e a k d o w n o f t h e c a r t i l a g e b y t h e w a t e r a l o n e , j a w s w e r e a l s o p l a c e d i n t a n k s o f s a l t w a t e r f o r w e e k s t o m o n t h s a n d s h o w e d n o d e c a y o r d e g r a d a t i o n , o n l y t h e l o s s o f r i g i d i t y i n t h e c a r t i l a g e . A s c u r r e n t e x p e r i m e n t s f o c u s e d o n p h y s i c a l a b r a s i o n o f t h e t e e t h , c h e m i c a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l e x p e r i m e n t s w o u l d b e o t h e r a v e n u e s t o e x p l o r e . 2 2 0 R o o t s t u d i e s a r e i n t h e i r i n f a n c y r i g h t n o w . I t h a s l a r g e l y b e e n a s s u m e d t h a t a n y s t r i a t i o n s a n d / o r g r o o v e s o n a n y f o s s i l s a r e t h e r e s u l t o f r o o t s . H o w e v e r , t o d a t e t h e r e i s o n l y o n e p i l o t s t u d y o n t h e s u b j e c t . S h a r k t e e t h c a n b e u t i l i z e d i n t h i s l i n e o f w o r k t o d e t e r m i n e i f n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n ( e x . p r a i r i e g r a s s ) i n M o n t a n a i s a l t e r i n g t h e s h a r k t e e t h i n t h e fi e l d , a n d i s t h e r e a n y d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n m o d e r n a n d f o s s i l t e e t h ? A n o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g i d e a t h a t w i l l b e d i f fi c u l t t o t e s t , i s h o w d i g e s t i v e a c i d s o f s h a r k s ( o r o t h e r a n i m a l s ) e f f e c t t e e t h . T h i s w o u l d f o l l o w t e e t h , w h e t h e r t h e y h a d b e e n s h e d a n d s w a l l o w e d , o r h a d b e e n e a t e n b y a n o t h e r s h a r k o r a n i m a l , t h r o u g h t h e d i g e s t i v e s y s t e m . P r e s u m a b l y t h e r e w o u l d b e e t c h i n g o f t h e t e e t h f r o m t h e d i g e s t i v e a c i d s , b u t w o u l d t h e r e b e a n y t h i n g l e f t ? W o u l d t h e r e i n f a c t b e a n y e t c h i n g ? H o w d o d i f f e r e n t a n i m a l s ’ s y s t e m s c o m p a r e i n t h e d i g e s t i o n o f s h a r k t e e t h ? A n o t h e r m a t t e r t o e x p l o r e i s d i a g e n e s i s . S e l e c t t e e t h w e r e s e n t b a c k t o R R R f o r s e c t i o n i n g a n d s t u d y b u t t h e r e h a v e b e e n n o r e s u l t s t o r e p o r t b a c k o n y e t . D i a g e n e t i c a n d i s o t o p i c s t u d i e s c a n a l s o b e c a r r i e d o u t o n b o t h m o d e r n a n d f o s s i l s h a r k t e e t h , t o s e e i f i t i s p o s s i b l e t o d e t e r m i n e a t w h a t p o i n t a t o o t h g o e s f r o m b e i n g “ m o d e m ” t o “ f o s s i l . ” L a s t l y , c u r r e n t w o r k i s b e i n g d o n e t o m e a s u r e t h e c h a n g e i n s h a r p n e s s o f t h e t e e t h a n d p o s s i b l e m e t h o d s a r e c u r r e n t l y b e i n g s o u g h t o u t f o r t e s t i n g . 2 2 1 2 . . 2 . _ . 2 2 2 2 . v t fi 2 é . 2 ) . a . . 2 . . 2 2 . . . . . _ . . e . , . 2 fi 8 F : 1 N ; . ’ i r i V . l ‘ . . . a i i i w 4 . n . . o l ‘ s f t t I n I r » h . s . 2 2 . 4 2 . ‘ . 5 2 1 . - 3 . E 1 ) . . I c x 2 T { . b a v fi u fi . ‘ fl z : . v , fi 2 2 ‘ a . . u h n 2 . 2 . 2 . l u . . a m fi i . ; » . . \ ; . . I a . . ( 2 4 , l a : 2 ‘ : 3 . m 5 1 . n . . . 2 . fi » . 5 5 3 8 fl . . 3 . d . . $ 2 : . 2 . h g % . . s : . . 3 . . . f 2 b . . . . . . 2 n . n . i . a . 2 . . o 2 h n h fl m fi h m Q m d fi a u r . . 3 : l . l a c a ‘ h o n h c c . i t . . . ‘ 7 . n 4 a a t ! » . . . L . . ‘ K i fl i z z c o . : . . o n u n - I . . . . 0 4 . 3 ! 5 . . . ’ . ‘ p I . “ A Q a “ ‘ r - ‘ 2 L r ‘ J L I B R A R Y M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y P L A C E I N R E T U R N B O X t o r e m o v e t h i s c h e c k o u t f r o m y o u r r e c o r d . T o A V O I D F I N E S r e t u r n o n o r b e f o r e d a t e d u e . M A Y B E R E C A L L E D w i t h e a r l i e r d u e d a t e i f r e q u e s t e d . D A T E D U E D A T E D U E D A T E D U E 5 / 0 8 K I P r o j / A c h r e l e I R C I D a t e D u e . i n d d D I V E R S I T Y , B I O G E O G R A P H Y , A N D T A P H O N O M Y O F L A T E C R E T A C E O U S C H O N D R I C H T H Y A N S F R O M M O N T A N A V O L U M E I I B y Y a s e m i n I f a k a t T u l u A D I S S E R T A T I O N S u b m i t t e d t o M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n p a r t i a l f u l fi l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e o f D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s 2 0 1 0 A P P E N D I C E S 2 2 2 A P P E N D I X A W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y G E N E R A D A T A F O R H I E R A R C H I C A L C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S 2 2 3 V Z Z ‘ ( 1 1 1 9 5 8 1 d - I ‘ m a s q e - 0 ) s i s / ( 1 m m [ 9 1 m l s n u a fi 1 0 3 s r s fi l e u v m s n r g [ e o r q o m j e r H . 1 0 } m a p g o o n e ; 2 V x r p u a d d v M T _ J u d i t h _ R i v e r _ F o r m a t i o n M T _ H e l l _ C r e e k _ F o r m a t i o n W Y _ " M e s a v e r d e _ F o r m a t i o n " W Y _ L a n c e _ F o r m a t i o n N D _ H e l l _ C r e e k _ F o n n a t i o n S D _ C a r l i l e _ S h a l e S D _ G r e e n h o m _ F o r m a t i o n C O _ G r e e n h o m _ L i m e s t o n e A B _ J u d i t h _ R i v e r _ F o r m a t i o n A B _ D i n o s a u r _ P a r k _ F o r m a t i o n S K _ J u d i t h _ R i v e r _ F o r m a t i o n S K _ N i o b r a r a _ F o r m a t i o n K S _ C a r l i l e _ S h a l e _ F o x m a t i o n K S _ N i o b r a r a _ C h a l k A Z _ G r e e n h o m _ C y c l o t h e m T X _ W o o d b i n e _ G r o u p T X _ E a g l e _ F o r d _ G r o u p T X _ A u s t i n _ G r o u p T X _ T a y l o r _ G r o u p T X _ N a v a r r o _ G r o u p s i d e s e a t r e c n i s e m a o o n a d a f n r s u h c n s n m h a a a t a i i i l r o h l r p l h s l r m r o n a r a y x m n n i x o x a x a s a t n o m r y o o u e a o c y t o r c n i d e o x s l c o t i a a a o s n p h t a c e o o a t t l o o d a l h t r u r a c a o c e r u r r o e p r l d r a e c r r i e s g a a O S C A C C D S P S L P M P ‘ 2 2 5 A p p e n d i x A c o n t i n u e d . w o m o p fi _ " 0 1 0 Q U E Q P O O M x 1 d d n o x g — p l o 3 - 9 1 8 ( : 1 d n o r g - J o l fi d C e n o c a r c h a r i a s H m o t o d u s J o h n l o n g i a P s c u d o d o n t a s p i s S m o d o n t a s p i s A n o m o t o d o n C r e t o l a m n a P a r a i s u r u s u o n e w o g J a A m q u p n f l w o — o v — o o o o o — o — o o o o — o o o o — o u o t i e u n o d x a a l g l l a n l w c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o “ H O I m e O J a p J Q A B S Q W H A M o — o — ~ o o — o — o o o o o o c o o o o — o u o r i e u u o d a o u e 1 A M o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o U O I I B L U J O J X Q Q J Q H Q H Q N o o o — o o o o o c o ~ o o o o o — — o o o o a l e q s a m m g q s o o — o o o o — o o — — o o o o o o o c o — c U O I I B I L U O J U J O U U Q Q J D G S o o — o c o o — o c — — — o o o o o c o o — o a u o i s a w n m o q u a a i g o g o o — o o o o o o — — — — - o o o o o o — - o — — U O I I B L U J O J J Q A I H L I I I p a n V O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O u o p e u u o g x m d m e s o u t a g v o o o — o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o p e u u o g l a A m q i t p n f x s o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o U O I I B L U J O J B J B J Q O I N H S o o o ~ o ~ o o o o ~ o ~ o c o o o o o o — o u o n e u u o g a l e q s a m m g s x o o o o o o o — o o — — o o o o o o o o o — o ) [ l B l D F - W J Q O I N S N o o o o o o o — o c o ~ ~ o c o o o ~ o o — o g m o q u a a i g z v o o o o o o o — o o — — — o — o o o o o o — o v - ‘ O O — ‘ O O O — O O — ‘ — O o — — — O O — O — O 8 3 x 1 o c c o o c o — o o — — — — o o — o o o — — o R O J O U I J S R V X J ' O O O O O O O — O O — — — — O O — O — O — — O 2 1 x 1 o o o o o c o — ~ o o — o o o c o ~ ~ o — ~ o n m g o u m e N X l o o o — o o - — — ~ o o c — ~ o o o c c ~ ~ o ~ — o . n e g . t e d n i e g d i n i r a h c r a C s u s r u o e s fi h c n v h r s s s i u t r n a o i i z l e s o t t h i a a r i u a a a r h g d r o i i i t k b o n t s i b s r p a o y o r h l a a h h y u i c c i k m c c q r h s n n a n S S T R A O O H I ‘ 2 2 6 A p p e n d i x A c o n t i n u e d . “ U O I I B L U J O J G P J Q A B S Q W “ A M w a q i o l o fi 1 1 0 1 9 a u r q p o o m X i r 1 0 1 9 p 1 0 : 1 d _ d ” — 9 1 8 d d n o x g o u e m a N x 1 B l X ] . n a g — 1 0 1 A d S c y l i o r h i n i d a e G a l e o r h i n u s P a l a e o g a l e j u _ s A r c h a e o t r i a k j i s P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a P s e u d o h o l o h u s S g u a t i r h i n a R a i a R a j i d a e ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e K i e s t u s — P t c h o t r y g o n ‘ S c h i z o r h i z a S c l e r o r h y n c h u s U O I I B W O j J Q A I H q I I p n l e o o o o o o ~ ~ o o ~ o o o o o ~ o o o ~ o o u o t m u u o g x a a l g u a l e o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o v — o o o o o o u o p e u u o g e l e r q u N x s o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e w o g m z x m u n p n r x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o p e u u o g m e d m e s o u t q g v o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o c — o o o — o o u o t t e u H O J J Q A m q l t p n f g v o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a u o i s a t u n m o q u a a l g o g o c o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o — o o U O I I B U J J O J U J O I I U S G J D G S o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o a l e q s a m m g q s o o o o o o o o o — o o o o - — o — o o o — ~ o o u o u e u u o g x a a l g n a H Q N o o — o o o o o — ~ o o o o o o o ~ o o o ~ o o u o p e u u o g a o u e ' I A M o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o — o o o o o o — O O O O O — ‘ — O — — ' O O — I O O _ O O O — I O O u o n e u u o g a l e q s a l i p e g s x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ) u q u e q u o t h x o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o g m o q u a a l g z v o o o o o o o — ~ — ~ o c o o o o ~ o — - o — o o — — O O O O O O — ‘ O _ O O O O O O O _ O _ O O B H X l o — o o o o o o — — - o o o o o o — — — o — o ~ O O J D U I I S I I V X L o — o o o o o o o — o o o o o o ~ — ~ o — o — ~ ~ ~ ~ o o o o o ~ o o ~ o o o ~ o o ~ ~ o ~ e a n i t § _ i r p o s n u a d e G s a i z e t s a o ? i s a u z t d i u t h i - a s b p h t d a o n a i o a g y m t i b b a a t o m d h l o p y n i e c i t u s a l l a m e o o a y a r n y r h C M D F B M R C E ‘ 2 2 7 A p p e n d i x A c o n t i n u e d . u r a q i o l o fi d n o x g — p i o 5 1 - 9 1 8 ( 1 _ 9 3 X 1 n o x g u n s n v x 1 ( I d n o x g ‘ m l fi 9 1 . X 1 . d T e x a t r y g o n S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e i n d e t . P e x e r i a ? D a s y a t i d a e T e x a b a t i s E w i n g i a u o u e u u o g l a A m q n p n f l w o — o o o o - — o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o g x a a i g n a n l w o o o o o o — o o o o o o c o u u o n e u u o g a p x a x e s a w “ A M o o o o o o — — o o o o o c o o u o n e u u o d a o u e 1 A M o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o u o n e u n o g x a a i g n a H Q N o o — « o o o — o o o o o o o o a l e q s a m m g g s o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o u o n e u u o g m o q u a a l g q s o o o o o o o o o o o o o — « o a u o i s a u r n t u o q u a a i g o g o — o o o o o o o o o o o — o u o n e u u o g m r x m q n p n r g v o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o g ) p e d m a s o n i c ] 3 v o o o o o o — - o o o o o o o o u o n e u n o g i a x m q i t p n f x s c o o o o o — o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d e q u o t N x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o u o n e u u o g a l e q s e m m g ) 5 ) ] o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ) “ B I I D B J B J Q O I N S H o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g m o q u a a l g z v o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o n 0 1 9 9 u t q p o o M X l c o c o — ~ o o o o — o o o o ~ O O O — ‘ O O O O O O O O — ‘ O — O O O — ‘ O O O O O O O O ~ O ~ o o o — o o o o — o — o o o n o x g o n e A e N X L o o o ~ - — o o — - o o o o — o — A P P E N D I X B W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y S P E C I E S D A T A F O R H I E R A R C H I C A L C L U S T E R A N A L Y S I S 2 2 8 i h s t i r s s s s o i i i n e w s s l s r s s a i u s u n i n e e e n y l s o i e i n i x l d e s i n h m r p o s a t n m o m l c l s u p l i n i t o fi r i n c t c i 0 f a l . o n a o u c e a h o . a c m o d r w p l m . . i p s n n m l i l r l n g u g y m a i t m s o e . r p p s p p m s g s s s u p s g 4 s s u s s u u u s s s s o u u u u u u u u u u u u u u r d d d d d d d d d d d s s s s s s s s s s d d d d o o o o o o o o o o u d d d d c o o o d o o o o a h h h h h h h h h h o b y b b o b e s s s s c v c c c c c c c c c s s s s l y y y y x y y v y i i i i o t t t t t t t t t t H H b L P P P P P P P H H L P P L L P P , 2 2 9 a b s e n t , l - p r e s e n t ) . A p p e n d i x B T a b l e o f d a t a f o r H i e r a r c h i c a l C l u s t e r A n a l y s i s f o r s p e c i e s l e v e l a n a l y s i s ( 0 - u o u e u u o d m m m m . L w u o n e u u o d J a A m q l i p n f 8 V u o n e u u o g ) p e d m a s c a r a — 3 V w a q i o l o k n m g p 1 0 : 1 d _ d T 9 1 8 d d w i g — 1 0 1 , 4 d H b o d u s s t o r e r i 2 . b e o d u s s p . 3 ‘ L i s s o d u s a fl ‘ . b a b u l s k i i u o n e u u o d x a a j g u a q u o c o o o c c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e w l o d a o u e ' l ‘ k m c o o o o o o o o — o o o o o c o o o o o o o “ u o r w u u o d a p J a A e s a q u M v — o — o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d x a a l g n a u l w o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o c o o o o o o a l e q s a m m g q s o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o — a c ~ H — O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O u o n e u u o d m o q u a n o a g o o o o o o o o o o o o o — c ~ o o o — o o — a u o i s a t u n w o q u a m g o g o o c o o c o o c o c o o — c — o o o — c o o v — O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O " O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O u o n e u u o d J a / I m q i r p n f x g o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e u n o g e m i q o r N H g o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o u o n e u u o d a l q u a m m g s x o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o — ) [ l q u e q u o t h fi o o o o o o o c o o o c o o o o o o — o c o o g m o q u a a l g z v o o o — c o o o o o o o c o o — o — o o o o — n O J D a u t q p o o M X l o o o — — — o o o o — — o c c — o o o o o o o n o x g u n s n v x ; o o o — o o — c c o o o o o — — — — ~ o o — o — 1 2 l e o o o o o o o o o — o — o o o o — o o o o o o D O J D O J J B A B N X L o o o c o o o — o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o u o u e u u o : 1 w o q u a a l o ( I S s i s n e d ) y i ) ? n y s u t a l u c i s i s s n i e s l h i a l l i t r n l m r u a i e i i n n n r o o m n m i a o o a s i n w s a o o f s i o i d g _ f c s u n t e o e o s t r n e b n e s . u a g w r b h l r i s n . i a e u i p e . r i s s r p r i s d l f g m s c ( c n . e t u p ( n l i r r . i p d e s a i s t s c g s s b g m s t e i s s s s s s u u u o a . n a e u u u u u a s s s s s i i i m m m s s r p u n h h s n i u u u u u t t t r r l l l n n n u u l l l u u h h o h i d d d d r d a o o o l l y y y p s s s e o o o o n o e d d d e c c c c c h h h h o u u o t i o o o a a h s s s n n c r l l i p c c c t r r r h h o o o o a a t a a a n o c c e e c x x n u u u m m n n n e m e e e c c l l l t t t t a a i i i e e e o t y y v e q q q e e r e r h h h r H H S S S S H B C H S S S S S E H B C C C C u b o l o t c e r 2 3 0 A p p e n d i x B c o n t i n u e d . m a m o p fi d n o u j ' p i d _ 0 5 — 3 1 1 0 1 9 u n s n v x 1 [ 8 d d n o . t { ) _ . r o p ( d E g c h o d u s s p . u o t i e u u o g l a A m q n p n f l w o o c o o o o o o ~ o — o o o o o c — o o o — ~ u o u e u u o a x a a l g n a fl l w o o o o c c o o c o o o o o o o o c o o c o o H U O I I B L U J O J G P J Q A B S Q W H A M c c c — o o o o o o o o ~ o o o o o — o — o — - u o p e u u o g a o u e j x m o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o u o u e u u o g x a a l g n q u N o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a l e q s a l t p e g a s o o o o o o o o o o — o o — o o o o o o o — o u o u c u u o d a l e q s a m l e g s x c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o t i e u u o d e m l q o m y s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c c o o o o o u o p e w o g J a / t m q i t p n f x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n c u u o g x m d m e s o u t q g v o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c — u o n e u u o g m / I m q i t p n f g v o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o i s a w t r l m o q u a a l g o g o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o c c o o o o c ) I I B I I D B J W Q O I N S X o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c ~ O O O O O O O O O O C O O O O O O O O O O O Q w o q u a a l g z v o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o — o — o o o I I O J D Q U I Q P O O M X L o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o B a X l O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O ~ ~ O O O O O v — O O O C O O O O O O O O O — ‘ O — t v — O C O O O B l e o — c o o — — — — o o o o o — o o — o o o o o n o x g o u m e N X l o — ~ o — — o o — o o o o o o — o o o o o o ~ I E Z ' p a n u n u o o a x t p u e d d v M T _ J u d i t h _ R i v e r _ F o r m a t i o n M T _ H e l l _ C r e e k _ F o r m a t i o n W Y fi " M e s a v e r d e _ F o r m a t i o n " W Y _ L a n c e _ F o r m a t i o n N D _ H e l l _ C r e e k _ F o r m a t i o n S D _ C a r l i 1 e _ S h a l e S D _ G r e e n h o m _ F o r m a t i o n C 0 _ G r e e n h o m _ L i m e s t o n e A B _ J u d i t h _ R i v e r _ F o r m a t i o n A B _ D i n o s a u r _ P a r k _ F o r m a t i o n S K _ J u d i t h _ R i v e r _ F o r m a t i o n S K _ N i o b r a r a _ F o r m a t i o n K S _ C a r l i l e _ S h a l e _ F o r m a t i o n K S _ N i o b r a r a _ C h a l k A Z _ G r e e n h o m _ C y c l o t h e m T X _ W o o d b i n e _ G r o u p T X _ E a g l e _ F o r d _ G r o u p T X _ A u s t i n _ G r o u p T X _ T a y l o r _ G r o u p T X _ N a v a r r o _ G r o u p n o d o i h p a . p s s a i r a h c s i s r _ s u n r e t a c i e a n r s s u a p g n a C r o l a w t p . c a i c m f h s i s i x e . . u s u n f e p p s i n e t e d a a c n i n h i t r i l p c t e a a t s s A B i e t u i s g s . . s a l u n a k g n v i u u u r h h h u n o c s e n . c e m a h a t p p p a c c c a a c s t s s s s s i p r s s a a s s s s s s s s a i h a i i i i i i i i i c g i p p p p p p p p r s s s s s s s s r r n a h a a o a a a a a a a a h c l t t t t t t t t n n n y y y h h h r r r o o o n n n a a a c p p p c o n n n n n n n n n r a r n h o o o o o o o o a a a a e o d d d d d d d d c c c C C C J O O O O O O O O S S S 2 3 2 A p p e n d i x B c o n t i n u e d . w a q i o l o k 1 1 0 1 9 p 1 0 : 1 d _ 9 3 X J . d ” 9 | 8 d d n 0 1 9 _ 1 0 | 1 ( d H y p o t o d u s fi a n d i s H o t o d u s s p p . c f . 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P s e u d o d o n t a s p i s h e r b s t i S O d o n t a s p i s l i l l i a e A n o m o t o d o n t o d d i S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s r a p h i o d o n u o r i e u u o d J a A m q i r p n f l w c o o ~ ~ o o o o o ~ o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o i x a a l g u a n l w o o o o o o o c o o o o o c o c o o o o o o o “ u o i w u u o g a p J a A c s a w “ A / y \ o o o ~ o o o o o ~ o o ~ o o ~ o o o o ~ c o u o t l e u u o d a o u e ' 1 A M o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o c o u o n e u u o d x a a j g u a H a N o o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o c o c o o o o a l e q s a m m g q s o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o c o o — o o o u o t i e u u o g w o q u a a l g q s o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o a u o t s a w n m o q u a a j g o g o o o o o — — o o o o c o o o o o o o c o c o u o t m u u 0 3 J a A m q i i p n f g v o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o u o t m u u o d x m d m e s o u g a g v o o o o o c o — o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d i a A m q i i p n f x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o u o n e u u o d m e i q o t N x s o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o — o o o c o c u o i i e w o d a l e q s a l t l m g s x o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o — o ’ I I B Q D W B J Q O I N S X o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ~ o g w o q u a a l g z v o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o n O J g a q u p o o M X l o o — o o o c c — o o o o w — o o o o — o c o c v — O O O O O O O C O O O O O O O O O O v — O O O R O J D U I J S R V X l O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O — ‘ O O O B l X L O ~ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O C O O O ~ O ~ n O J Q O J J B A B N X L o — o o o o o — c o c o o o o o o — o o — a — o o s L s n e g s i d i a d z s i s n e n r _ l i u § _ a u h s l t i s a t e a r s p e a w s u s _ u t o i e t r o c r s d n r r r a k i s p e c l l m a s m p m o r o a a o a c p p u a a i w m o c c n m a c a m n a x e n s i a x m f k x x a a a n a s l r m u h o a y r s r e l t u u y d x o s s n a a m r l a o o l c t r r o o c c i i a h c o o l l o o a t o i t t a a t r r e t a e e p r o c r u u r r r e i g q r r e a A C C C L S P P M S S ‘ 2 3 3 A p p e n d i x B c o n t i n u e d . u o u e u u o a m m W W W — 1 W “ U O I I B U L I O J Q P J Q A B S S W H A M a u o i s a t u r ] w o q u a a i g ’ o g U O I I B L U J O J ) [ J B d . m B S O U I C I 8 V t u a q i o l o fl n o n ) p m : 1 d . . d - 9 1 8 d d 1 1 0 1 9 - 1 0 M d C r e t o d u s s p . C r e t o l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a C r e t o l a m n a m a r o c c a n a C r e t o l a m n a s p . D a l l a s i e l l a w i l l i s t o n i c f . L e p t o s t y r a x s p . P r o t o l a m n a c a r t e r i P r o t o l a m n a s o k o l o v i P a r a n o m o t o d o n s p . P s e u d o c o r a x g r a n t i S g u a l i c o r a x b a h a r i i e n i i S S q u a l i c o r a x c u r v a t u _ s u o n e u u o d x a a j g u a fl l w c o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o c o v — O O — O O O O O O O O O O — ‘ O O O O O O O — u o u e u u o d x a a j g n q u N o o o — o o o o c o o o o o o — — o o o o o o u o t w u u o d a o u e ' l A M c o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o c o o o o o u o n e u u o d t u o q u a a q u g o — o — o o o — o o o o o c c o o o o c — n — o a l q u a l t l m g q s o — o — o o o o o c o o o o o o o o c c o — c u o t i e u u o d J a / s m q i t p n f g v c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o — — O — O O O ' — O O O O O O O O O — O O — — O m q u m e J q o t h x o o o — o o o — o c c o o o o c — o o o o — c u o n n u u o d a l e q s a m m g s x c — o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o U O I I B L U J O j B J B J Q O I N X S c o — o o o o — o o c o o o o o o o o o o — o U O I I B L U J O J J D A I u L I I I p a n S c o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o v — O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Q w o q u a a j g z v o — o ~ o — o — o o — o o o o o o o o o o ~ o n m g a u t q p o o m x ; o — o — o o o o o — o — - — o — o o — ~ o — ~ — ~ 8 3 x 1 o — o — o — o — — - o o o o — - o o o o ~ o — - — - c n o x g u n s n v x j ‘ o — o — o o o — — o o o o — o o — o — o o — o 1 2 l e o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o — — o — o o o — H O J D O J J B A B N X L c o o — ~ o — o o o o o o c o ~ — o ~ o o o — ~ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O — 1 s i d e s e s a i t s r n i t o e e s e d a i e a e s . s i s c l n s r p n t u l e o a i s n i n t e a t r i e a a h n g p i r n s n o g e r n c e s o e i l r o h r u o r h l f p p r a v m . l . a y . o v r o f a i t o a s s s n n f s p a g i i | i i i s s h s s h s k k o s x u u u r p u a a a e n u u n n y n i i r i l i n n i i r r t t y h o h i i h h h a a t t a c h h r r r r i o a r r g o o o l l o d o o e c p l i u h o o i i e o a o a a l c e e l l a h h t t u r y l c o o y c l l a c a a a r r r r c c e s P S G G C S S A ? S P P A P ‘ ‘ 2 3 4 A p p e n d i x B c o n t i n u e d . u o n e u u o a m m u n p n r ’ t w “ U O I I B U J J O J 9 p ] 9 A B S Q W u — A M w a q i o p fi d n o r g p 1 0 : 1 d ” 9 1 8 n o x g . I d - 9 . 1 . X 1 . d n O J D O J J B A B N X 1 . 0 M d S q u a l i c o r a x § p . S q u a l i c o r a x s p . 1 S q u a l i c o r a x s p . 2 S c l i o r h i n u s t e n s l e e p e n s i s S c y l i o r h i n i d a e P a l a e o g a l e u _ s n a v a r r o e n s i _ s S q u a t i g a l e u s s u l p h u r e n s i s T r i a k i d a e o r C a r c h a r i n i d a e i n d e t . g e n . u o p e u u o d x a a l g u a fi l w o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o — O O O O O C O O O O O O O O O O O — O — O O U O I I B U U O J Q O U B ' I A M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O — O O O O O O O O — O O O O O O O — I — I O ~ O O u o n e u u o d x a o i g n a H Q N o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o c o o o o o o — a l q u a m m g q s o o o o o o o o o c o o o c o o o o o o o o o U O I I B L U J O J U J O U U Q G J D G S O — ‘ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O C O O O a u o i s a w n m o q u a a j g o g c o — o o — o o c o o c o o o o o o o o o o o n o t i e w J o g J a / x t u q l i p n f g v o o c o o c o o c c o o o o o o o c o o o o c u o n e u u o d x m d m e s o u t q g v o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o — o o u o u e u u o g J a A m q l i p n f x g o o o o o o o c c o o o o o o o c c o o o o o U O I I B U L I O A B J B J Q O I N H S O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O C O O u o t i e u u o g a l q u a l i l m g g x o o o o c o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o c o ’ I I B I I D W B J Q O I N S H o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o D U J O L I U G Q J D Z V O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O — I O — ‘ O n o x g a u t q p o o M X l o o o o c o — o c c — o o o c o c o o o o — — e g x _ L o o ~ ~ ~ o o o o o ~ o o o o o c o o o o ~ o I ‘ I O J D U I I S I I V X L C O O — v — O O O O O — O O O O O O O O O O O O ~ O O O O O O O — O — O — O — O O O O O O O O — O O O O O — ‘ — ‘ O O ~ — ' — I — I — I — t — * O O O — I O O s i s n c i k . s p a s i s a h s a c i n n s s i a k c s r u c a i w s u t s a c o n t r i u i d n r r e t s e d o u e c a . n e t s a n b d c h . m s r n i o a p c c i s l l n a e p i a a s r n a i o a b m m s o s s s s h a n h s i y n i s o t o o o o r i h i t a t t t t o h r r a b a r a a a a r i e a a a z z z i h i i b o b b b b i t t a f h h o n o o o o s a d t g fl n i n n n n a u u a i i i h i i i i g i j k h c h h c c h R h h h h S s a n a s s R R ? ? R S R R A R R l l l 2 3 5 A p p e n d i x B c o n t i n u e d . “ u o u e u u o g a p i a A e s a w “ A M w a q i o l o fi n o x g ) p 1 0 : 1 d _ d - 9 1 8 d d 9 . 1 . X 1 I I O J Q — J 0 1 5 d R h i n o b a t o s c a s i e r i R h i n o b a t o s k i c s t e n s i s R h i n o b a t o s u v u l a t u _ s S q u a t i r h i n a r o e s s i n g i S q u a t i r h i n a s p . ? G a n o p r i s t i n a e H a m r a b a t i s w e l t o n i l s c h y _ r h i z a a v o n i c o l a l s c h y r h i z a s c h n c i d e r i u o n e u u o d l a A q u I p n f l j / v o o o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o — o — o o u o n e w o d x a a j g u a fl l w o o o o o o o o c o o — o o o o c o ~ o o o o u o n e w o d l a A m q u p n f g v o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o a u o i s a m n m o q u a a j g o g o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o t m w o g w o q u a a q u s o o ~ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 9 1 9 1 4 5 9 1 1 1 1 2 q u o o o ~ o o o o ~ o o o o o o o ~ o ~ o o o o u o n e q u j x a n g u q u N o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o u o u e u u o g a o u e ' l A M o o o o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o — o o o o ~ O O O O O O O O O ~ O C C O ~ O O ~ ~ ~ O O u o i i e u u o d x m d m e s o u i q g v o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o — o o u o n e u u o d l a / I m q n p n f x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o u o n e u u o d m m q o t N x s o o o o o o o o — o o o o o c o o o o c o o o u o n e u u o g a l e q s a m m g s ) ; o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ) [ q u g m m q o t N g x o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g w o q u a a j g z v o c o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o — o o o — - n o x g a u i q p o o M X l o o o o o o o o o o o o — « o o o o o o o o c o 9 3 x 1 o o — o — o — o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o — n e l g u t i a n X l o o — o — n o — o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o — v - ‘ O O O O — ‘ O O O O O O O O — ‘ O O O — ‘ O v — O O n O J g o n e A e N X l o ~ o o o o o ~ o o o o o ~ ~ o o ~ ~ o ~ ~ c o s _ i s a _ t s i s _ s s s n i i i i r r e i s n a s r u s e a n e l n i l c e i n t l i u e x e h u l e r u c a l n s o a g a u e i n i n i n g e b n a a j o a i u a v r v m r v e a a u a a o d b r l e x i . w f p n a x e h r l g l o e u e l e r p u p a h s b e t t v s g r l . f s s n c u u t s n n a n n n n n n h h x o o o o o c o e g g g g g u o g o a r g y t y y y v y g a z i z u x r i a t r r r r r h g h c n y h r r t t t t t r h s s o r u t h v t h s o h c o c h y o o o o o o o o t r h o r h h h h z r c e c c c c i h e c e t y y y y h l l s i t t t c c n t P c h c l K c O , P P P S P m S S 2 3 6 A p p e n d i x B c o n t i n u e d . w a q i o p fi 1 1 0 1 9 p 1 0 : 1 a d _ ' 9 3 X 1 . 1 1 n 0 1 9 u p s n v x 1 _ [ 8 d ( I 1 1 0 1 9 0 1 1 1 m m X I . 9 . 1 . 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O n c h o p r i s t i s d u n k l e i P t y c h o t r y g o n b o o t h i P t y c h o t r v g o n P c h o t r y g o n P t y c h o t r y g o n P t y c h o t r y g o n P c h o t r y g o n w i n n i S c l e r o r h m c h u s p e t t e r s i u o p e u u o d n A m q l i p n f l w o — o o o o ~ o o o — o o o o — o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d x a n Q n a I — I l w o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o “ u o t i e w o d a p J a A e s a q u M o o o o o o o — n — n — o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o t i e u u o d a o u n j k m o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o t i e w m j x a t u g n a H Q N o ~ o o o o o o o o o o o o ~ o o o o o o o o a l c q g a m m g q s o o o o o o o o o o c ~ c o o ~ o c o o o o o u o u e u u o g w o q u a a l 9 q s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a u o i s a u r t j m o q u a a l 9 0 9 o o c o o c o o o c o o o o o o c o — o c o c U O I I B U J J O d J Q A I H Q I I p a n V o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o t l e u u o g x m d m e s o u t q g v o o o o o o — o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d m / t m q i t p n f x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d m e j q o t N x s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o u o n e u u o d a l e q s a m m g s x o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ) [ [ e q 9 9 1 2 1 q 0 1 N s ) 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o g m o q u a a l 9 z v o o o — o o o o o o o o — o o ~ o o o o o o o n 0 1 9 a u 1 q p o o m x 1 o o o — o o o o o o — o o — o — « o o o o o o F ‘ O F ‘ F ‘ O O O O O O — ‘ O O O O — ‘ O O O O O O — s ~ o — ~ o o o o o o ~ o o o o — o o o o o o — ~ O O O ~ ~ ~ O O O O O O O O ~ O O O O ~ O O H O O O O O O O O O O O O O — ‘ fi — ‘ F ‘ O — ‘ O — ‘ O s g n e e s a i a . t s n t s s 1 . p e i i a i n i d t h e s s c n t s i i n a c i n n i r e i i r t t e a a s c i r e a r w . d e r m v a n r 0 S e D e a p o s d r e u i u m o o u s a r n t n a e r c a ? u l h m e h o c h t . d b c n y n n a z d r . ? i s a c e o c p p G o o a s o o i y d s n a c s p i p t t i u h z h i g h g s s i b a d n s - t a r e y y r r t o a i i o b t o t o a r r y i i b t t a o a a m i o g r a t t h r y i r t a a b e p a a c l e s c n y y a l a x x l u a y s s x a c c e e e o D r a a n e m t n o e i h r w S S P T T T R C C B D D ? 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N S , ) . ‘ 6 € Z ' ( 1 u 9 8 0 1 d - 1 ‘ 1 u a s q c - 0 ) s i s / ( 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 [ a A a [ s n u a fi 1 0 } ( E I V d ) h t o t m a p u g g o S I S / ( I B U V A u o w t s m d 1 0 } 1 2 1 9 p J 0 a [ q e _ L : 9 x r p u a d d v u o n e u u o d 1 9 A M q l l p n f . L I N A i n e o o ' ] [ e n s o o u v l e o p a q i o d / I H l 0 H y b o d u s L i s s o d u s P t y c h o d u s H e x a n c h u s S q u a l u s S q u a t i n a S y n e c h o d u s H e t e r o d o n t u s C h i l o s c y l l i u m C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s E u c r o s s o r h i n u s C a n t i o s c y l l i u m G i n g l y m o s t o m a P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m P a r a r h i n d o d o n C a r c h a r i a s H y p o t o d u s J o h n l o n g i a O d o n t a s p i s S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s A r c h a e o l a m n a C r e t o d u s C r e t o l a m n a u “ o u u u o i o G m L n u o U u u e n e u n a o O u n I e q d u S o u i fi u u o u o d Q n d d u L o U l n 0 d I 3 o o 0 1 u d d ' A 9 d d 1 1 o n 1 d I 9 9 a I 9 9 Q n n / B d p 0 0 p { 1 0 1 9 1 J a [ u I U u 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 9 0 9 a S u ] 0 9 J I A 1 i 0 O n 5 0 o q q n 9 3 u 1 q u U c q s I e l u 9 0 u o p p a I l 0 O a 1 1 J u A w 1 I a 0 M 3 S l O o n m e U s u f i “ G 1 ( 1 8 H J o ; H D m ] 9 3 V 9 1 N ) . 1 ( m C a 0 8 z X X X X X W I I s 3 V v J 1 J J . 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L O V Z h u m o r ] [ m i s a o u v [ 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 H ' p a n u n u o o 9 x r p u a d d v 0 0 C r e t o x y r h i n a D a l l a s i e l l a L e p t o s t y r a x P r o t o l a m n a S e r r a t o l a m n a P a r a n o m o t o d o n M i c r o c o r a x P s e u d o c o r a x S q u a l i c o r a x S c y l i o r h i n u s S c y l i o r h i n i d a e G a l e o r h i n u s P a l a e o g a l e u s A r c h a e o t r i a k i s P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s R h i n o b a t o s S q u a t i r h i n a R a j i d a e l s c h y r h i z a K i e s t u s O n c h o p r i s t i s P t y c h o t r y g o n m Q U u K W c O J m ° I o ° 9 9 P I Q i a n o o o o o _ . _ o o ¢ . — _ o o ~ S o - — o o o o — - o c : o o o o o ‘ y t i n l o n " a i c o n o n t o i e i o n a L t n t i m o a o t r i m e h l m a r a m r a o t t t m F a p s o u r o e l t F o m c r u m o F o r r k o y F o i r p r G p p u s e c r L e F C o a u G u e e l n k v d a P r d o o A G n n n i r e h e r r r R e G G e S r r o r r o o n l u r o F o v a h h a r h a C e b n r c n e l s n n r t s i o i i e d l i e e l o e a t l h i t l d M l e v e s y e n o e r u e r o a i r u a a J H " a r C G G D G N W E A T h t o p Y T y D O B D D X X Z X X X H C A T T T T N T M W A S S ‘ A p p e n d i x C c o n t i n u e d . 2 4 1 ' i a p u r — s m I 3 u K L I - I O J Q I O S o o < 3 c > c > o c > < 3 c > o ' — - - - ~ v - ~ - " 0 3 M 1 9 x g l o o o o o o o o o o — ~ — o S i l e fi s e a o o o o o o o o o — — — ~ a n d e P Q I K W o v — — — o o o — o o o o o o A P P E N D I X D W E S T E R N I N T E R I O R S E A W A Y S P E C I E S D A T A F O R P A R S I M O N Y A N A L Y S I S O F E N D E M I C I T Y 2 4 2 A 1 1 1 1 u “ 2 u o 0 0 0 n o a 1 1 0 u n 1 1 e u c 1 o 3 [ u u 9 1 l 1 1 e u ( o 1 s 1 n o 0 1 1 g 1 a s d 1 1 1 0 w 1 d n a 0 a d o n 3 9 n 1 1 0 9 n 0 1 9 0 a I u / p o 0 1 v 1 u 1 u W u 9 a 1 1 n 1 S 1 1 9 9 3 0 0 0 m m O 1 1 1 m 1 1 J 2 1 1 u 1 s 0 1 1 0 1 1 o J 1 1 o u n 0 u u 1 1 a a 0 / 9 p w 1 s 1 A 1 B a a 1 9 1 1 n n m 1 1 1 1 8 “ 1 B 1 v l ' 9 N 1 3 9 9 0 1 1 I A / ( a ( z x X x x { ) W M I 1 s v 1 1 1 1 1 S 3 s a 1 o a d s 1 0 } ( n g ) A i g o y m a p u g J O £ 1 7 Z ' ( 1 u 9 5 9 1 d - 1 ‘ 1 u a s q e - 0 ) S I S K I B I J B 1 9 1 1 9 1 s y s fi 1 c u v K u o w 1 s 1 c d 1 0 } 2 1 1 2 p J 0 a 1 q e l : ( 1 x 1 p u a d d v d n 0 1 9 p 1 0 _ . 1 9 1 3 1 2 3 x 1 r 0 H y b o d u s _ m o n t a n e n s i s H y b o d u s _ s p . L i s s o d u s _ s e l a c h o s L i s s o d u s _ s p p . P t y c h o d u s _ a n 0 n y m u s P t y c h o d u s _ d e c u r r e n s P t y c h o d u s _ l a t i s s i m u s P t y c h o d u s _ m a m m i l a r i s P t y c h o d u s _ m o r t o n i P t y c h o d u s _ o c c i d e n t a l i s P t y c h o d u s _ p o l y g y r u s P t y c h o d u s _ r u g o s u s P t y c h o d u s _ w h i p p l e i P t y c h o d u s _ s p . H e x a n c h u s _ m i c r o d 0 n S q u a l u s _ s p . S q u a t i n a _ h a s s e i H e t e r o d o n t u s _ c f . _ _ ‘ c a n a l i c u l a t u s H e t e r o d o n t u s _ _ s p . C h i l o s c y l l i u m _ g r e e n i C h i l o s c y l l i u m _ m i s s o u r i e n s i s C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s _ o l s o n i C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s _ s p . M 1 1 9 u “ 0 U o O 0 Q ] u I U O U e I O I I w B 1 S I U 9 d G o B U 1 1 a U O n U L J I U s m o 9 m o Q l A o ] n n O d ' d u P 9 f 0 0 v U 1 1 J ° m l U l J J D U S 9 9 [ I A O O B C u B 9 u 1 U U o l I S U U n p 0 n O P l Q p S a O 0 l Q s 1 n m W q J r H i J 0 n m i o w 1 m ) D D M v l ( a 0 x x x I : w I s 1 1 H S ) _ 1 _ 1 7 1 7 2 d n 0 1 9 0 1 1 1 m m X _ 1 _ d n 0 1 9 p 1 0 3 0 1 3 1 2 3 x 1 m o m m a / ( 9 u 1 0 1 1 u 0 0 1 9 Z V ' p a n u n u o o ( 1 x 1 p u a d d v 0 0 E u c r o s s o r h i n u s _ m i c r o c u s p i d a t u s C a n t i o s c y l l i u m _ d e c i p i e n s C a n t i o s c y l l i u m _ m e y e r i P l i c a t o s c y l l i u m _ d e r a m e e i C a r c h a r i a s _ a m o n e n s i s C a r c h a r i a s _ s a s k a t c h e w a n e n s i s C a r c h a r i a s _ t e n u i p l i c a t u s C a r c h a r i a s _ s p . C a r c h a r i a s _ s p . _ B J o h n l o n g i a _ p a r v i d e n s O d o n t a s p i s _ a c u l e a t u s S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s _ r a p h i o d o n S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s _ t e x a n u s S c a p a n o r h y n c h u s _ s p . A r c h a e o l a m n a _ k 0 p i n g e n s i s C r e t o d u s _ s e m i p l i c a t u s C r e t o l a m n a _ a p p e n d i c u l a t a C r e t o l a m n a _ w o o d w a r d i C r e t o x y r h i n a _ m a n t e l l i D a l l a s i e l l a _ w i l l i s t o n i P r o t o l a m n a _ c o m p r e s s i d e n s P r o t o l a m n a _ s o k o l o v i S e r r a t o l a m n a _ s e r r a t a K 1 1 1 1 u u 3 u 0 o 0 0 ' u U 1 Q [ 1 U U 1 O e 1 O Q u I 2 L I 1 S u I I u B 1 o 1 ‘ B G 1 I L L 0 O i : g U U I J I s O 1 a 9 1 ] d n D 5 O ' A d o O 9 [ u / P W v U 1 U U J I 0 0 1 1 1 3 G S 9 9 1 J J 1 A 0 O O 9 [ U U 0 I B 9 1 I S | U [ U u 1 p 0 1 I Q 1 ! U Q 9 I K Q s Q Q Q l 1 P O W 1 1 n “ 3 J 3 1 D v f 3 D D 1 ‘ J J n 1 0 1 1 . A 1 A L ( ( 0 Z x x 1 “ W A S S ) I I : V 1 _ 1 _ S V Z d n 0 1 9 0 1 . 1 1 2 a n x _ 1 _ “ “ 0 1 0 Q U q u o o m x 1 O ' p a n u n u o o ( 1 x 1 p u a d d v P a r a n o m o t o d o n _ s p . M i c r o c o r a x _ c r a s s u s P s e u d o c o r a x _ g r a n t i S q u a l i c o r a x _ c u r v a t u s S q u a l i c o r a x _ f a l c a t u s S q u a l i c o r a x _ k a u p i S q u a l i c o r a x _ p r i s t o d o n t u s S q u a l i c o r a x _ s p . S q u a l i c o r a x _ s p . _ l S q u a l i c o r a x _ s p . _ 2 S c y l i o r h i n u s _ a r l i n g t o n e n s i s S c y l i o r h i n i d a e G a l e o r h i n u s _ s p . P a l a e o g a l e u s _ s p . A r c h a e o t r i a k i s _ r o c h e l l e a e P r o t o p l a t y r h i n a _ r e n a e P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s _ m c n u l t y i ? P s e u d o h y p o l o p h u s _ s p . R h i n o b a t o s _ c a s i e r i R h i n o b a t o s _ i n c e r t u s R h i n o b a t o s _ k i e s t e n s i s R h i n o b a t o s _ l o b a t u s R h i n o b a t o s _ s p . K 1 1 1 9 u u 0 u o 0 o ' U n 9 U 1 O 1 e n J t Q I 1 t L e I 0 [ I u u B m 6 L 1 J m u U 1 8 O i s a d I o J 3 d 1 d O O i 0 9 j 1 C A d d n o 1 I D ? n 0 9 a I 0 u 1 p m 0 1 1 v U n U 1 1 l a 1 U 0 9 J 1 2 m J S J 1 O u 9 9 1 O o a O 1 s m U U L 2 q a 3 u I u 1 0 l U U p l U n 0 e 1 p l Q o l Q Q 1 1 ‘ l K s A 9 p Q Q Q 1 n q o m 1 n e J J J 1 n i 2 1 D D ) D v N 1 f m 0 . m ( ( O Z x x x X L _ I I H D V 1 1 1 W S S _ L . 9 1 7 2 O 0 ' p a n u n u o o ( 1 x y p u s d d v S q u a t i r h i n a _ s p . R a j i d a e I s c h y r h i z a _ a v o n i c o l a I s c h y r h i z a _ m i r a I s c h y r h i z a _ s c h n e i d e r i I s c h y r h i z a _ t e x a n a I s c h y r h i z a _ s p . K i e s t u s _ t e x ' a n u s O n c h o p r i s t i s _ d u n k l e i P t y c h o t r y g o n _ b l a i n e n s i s P t y c h o t r y g o n _ h o o v e r i P t y c h o t r y g o n _ t e x a n a P t y c h o t r y g o n _ t r i a n g u l a r i s S c l e r o r h y n c h u s _ p r i s c u s S c l e r o r h y n c h u s _ s p . S c l e r o r h y n c h u s _ s p . _ 2 T e x a t r y g o n _ h o o v e r i S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e _ i n d e t . D a s y a t i s _ _ s p p . M y l e d a p h u s _ b i p a r t i t u s C r e t o m a n t a _ c a n a d e n s i s A P P E N D I X E P A S T R E S U L T S O F X z - T E S T O F O B S E R V E D V E R S U S E X P E C T E D O F P R E L I M I N A R Y C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N S C A L E A N D P R E L I M I N A R Y T A P H O N O M I C C H A R A C T E R I Z A T I O N A D D E N D U M 2 4 7 O Q O O ‘ — A ‘ O O I U h - O O O N O \ O N ‘ - ' O O \ ~ A P r i s t i n e _ ( p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n ) R o o t _ m i n i m a l l y _ a b r a d e d _ c r o w n _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ ( c r 0 w n _ t i p _ _ b r o k e n ) R 0 0 t _ a b r a d e d _ w / _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n B r o k e n _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n L P r i s t i n e _ ( p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n ) R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a l l y _ a b r a d e d _ c r o w n _ p a t c h y _ c 0 1 0 r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ ( c r o w n _ t i p _ b r 0 k e n ) R 0 0 t _ a b r a d e d _ w / _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n B r o k e n _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P P r i s t i n e _ ( p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n ) R o o t _ m i n i m a l l y _ a b r a d e d _ c r 0 w n _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ ( c r 0 w n _ t i p _ b r 0 k e n ) R o o t _ a b r a d e d _ w / _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n B r o k e n _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n c h i d f c h i 6 . 7 5 2 . 2 5 0 . 3 7 5 0 . 3 7 5 4 . 8 7 5 3 . 3 7 5 0 . 3 1 8 6 4 . 1 2 5 1 . 3 7 5 0 . 2 2 9 0 . 2 2 9 2 . 9 7 9 2 . 0 6 3 0 . 1 2 4 5 7 . 1 2 5 2 . 3 7 5 0 . 3 9 6 0 . 3 9 6 5 . 1 4 6 3 . 5 6 3 F r o m P A S T N 1 1 8 N 2 1 8 d f 5 c h i s q 5 . 8 7 4 6 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 3 1 8 6 1 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 2 7 4 3 F r o m P A S T N 1 1 1 N 2 1 1 d f 5 c h i s q 8 . 6 3 5 9 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 1 2 4 5 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 1 0 6 5 F r o m P A S T N 1 1 9 N 2 1 9 d f 5 c h i s q 6 . 2 8 4 1 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 2 7 9 5 4 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 2 5 7 5 A p p e n d i x E : P A S T r e s u l t s o f X z - t e s t o f P r e l i m i n a r y C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n S c a l e ( O b s e r v e d v e r s u s E x p e c t e d ) . 2 4 8 h c 5 1 . 2 1 1 . 5 1 1 . 1 C ° 0 N ‘ - r O W o o d h a w k ( W H ) e r r o r i n C H S O N E - b a d e x p e c t e d n u m b e r A P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a 1 l y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n R 0 0 t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n L P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c 0 1 0 r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r 0 k e n R o o t _ m i n i m a l l y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n R 0 0 t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n P P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a 1 l y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n R o o t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n c h i O N H O O c h i ( i f : c O c h i d f 1 0 . 1 2 7 2 . 0 9 5 1 . 3 9 7 1 . 0 4 8 7 . 3 3 3 0 . 2 2 8 9 7 . 8 2 5 1 . 6 1 9 1 . 0 7 9 0 . 8 1 5 . 6 6 7 0 . 4 9 8 4 1 1 . 0 4 8 2 . 2 8 6 1 . 5 2 4 1 . 1 4 3 0 . 7 6 1 6 F r o m P A S T N 1 2 2 N 2 2 2 d f 4 c h i s q 5 . 6 2 5 4 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 2 2 8 9 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 2 1 2 1 F r o m P A S T N 1 1 7 N 2 1 7 ( i f 4 c h i s q 3 . 3 6 6 7 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 4 9 8 4 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 4 7 4 7 F r o m P A S T N 1 2 4 N 2 2 4 d f 4 c h i s q 1 . 8 5 9 2 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 7 6 1 6 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 7 7 1 A p p e n d i x E c o n t i n u e d : P A S T r e s u l t s o f X z - t e s t o f P r e l i m i n a r y T a p h o n o m i c C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n A d d e n d u m ( O b s e r v e d v e r s u s E x p e c t e d ) f o r W H . 2 4 9 O J U O O O O J D P o w e r P l a n t F e r r y ( P P F ) e r r o r i n C H S O N E - h a d e x p e c t e d n u m b e r A P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r 0 w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a 1 l y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n R 0 0 t _ _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n L P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r 0 w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R o o t _ m i n i m a l 1 y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n R 0 0 t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r 0 w n _ t i p _ b r 0 k c n R o o t _ m i n i m a l l y _ _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n R o o t _ _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c 0 1 o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n A p p e n d i x E c o n t i n u e d : P A S T r e s u l t s o f X z - t e s t o f P r e l i m i n a r y T a p h o n o m i c © ~ O - M O c h i d f 3 . 2 3 8 0 . 4 0 5 0 . 8 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 8 1 1 0 . 9 2 9 0 . 6 8 8 8 3 . 6 1 9 0 . 4 5 2 0 . 9 0 5 0 . 9 0 5 0 . 9 0 5 1 2 . 2 1 4 0 . 3 0 1 3 c 1 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 2 8 6 0 . 2 8 6 0 . 2 8 6 3 . 8 5 7 0 . 5 1 9 8 5 F r o m P A S T N 1 1 7 N 2 1 7 d f 5 c h i s q 3 . 0 7 3 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 6 8 9 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 6 6 6 F r o m P A S T N 1 1 9 N 2 1 9 d f 5 c h i s q 6 . 0 5 1 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 3 0 1 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 2 8 1 F r o m P A S T N 1 6 N 2 6 ( I f 5 c h i s q 4 . 2 0 8 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 5 2 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 3 5 5 C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n A d d e n d u m ( O b s e r v e d v e r s u s E x p e c t e d ) f o r P P F . 2 5 0 A P P E N D I X F P A S T R E S U L T S O F X z - T E S T O F W H V E R S U S P P F 2 5 1 O n e c o n s t r a i n t T W H P P F F r o m P A S T P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a l 1 y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n R o o t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ _ c o l o r a t i 0 n A P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R o o t _ m i n i m a l l y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n R o o t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n L P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r o k e n R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a 1 1 y _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n R 0 0 t _ _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c 0 1 o r a t i o n P P r i s t i n e A l m o s t _ p r i s t i n e _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n P r i s t i n e _ b u t _ c r o w n _ t i p _ b r 0 k e n R 0 0 t _ m i n i m a l l y _ a b r a d e d _ _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i 0 n R 0 0 t _ a b r a d e d _ m a y _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c 0 1 0 r a t i o n B r o k e n _ m a y _ _ h a v e _ p a t c h y _ c o l o r a t i o n 0 8 2 9 1 6 2 4 2 3 2 2 1 2 7 W H P P F 0 5 8 1 4 l 3 O 2 1 5 9 W I - I P P F 0 0 1 0 0 0 l 0 2 1 1 6 1 5 W H P P F 0 3 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 A p p e n d i x F : P A S T r e s u l t s o f X z - t e s t o f W H v e r s u s P P F . 2 5 2 N 1 6 3 N 2 4 2 d f 5 c h i s q 3 4 . 9 4 8 p ( s a m e ) 1 . 5 4 1 E - 0 6 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) < 0 . 0 0 0 1 N 1 2 2 N 2 1 7 d f 5 c h i s q 1 6 . 3 4 8 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 0 0 5 9 1 6 9 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 0 0 1 4 N 1 1 7 N 2 1 9 d f 4 c h i s q 1 6 . 7 9 8 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 0 0 2 1 1 5 8 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e ) 0 . 0 0 0 1 N 1 2 4 N 2 6 d f 4 c h i s q 1 5 . 5 7 7 p ( s a m e ) 0 . 0 0 3 6 4 2 7 M o n t e C a r l o p ( s a m e L 0 . 0 0 2 6 A P P E N D I X G T E E T H O F M O D E R N C A R C H A R I A S T A U R U S A N D R H I N O P T E R A B O N A S U S ( T A P H O N O M Y S E R I E S ) 2 5 3 2 5 0 A 1 1 i n g . j p g 3 0 0 A l l i n g . j p g 3 5 0 A l l i n g . j p g 4 0 0 A 1 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 A 1 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 A 1 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G : T a p h o n o m y S e r i e s o f t e e t h . 2 5 4 6 0 0 A l l i n g . j p g 6 5 0 A 1 1 i n g - i p 8 7 0 0 A 1 1 i n g . j p g 7 5 0 A l l i n g . j p g 8 0 0 A 1 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 A l l i n g . j p g 9 0 0 A 1 l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 A l l i n g . j p g l O O O A l l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 A l l i n g - 1 P 8 A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 5 5 — - t W 4 0 0 A 1 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 A l l a b . j p g S O O A l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 5 6 7 0 0 A l l a b . j p g 7 5 0 A l l a b . j p g 8 0 0 A l l a b . j p g 8 5 0 A 1 1 a b . j p g 9 0 0 A l l a b . j p g 9 5 0 A 1 1 a b . j p g l O O O A l l a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 A 1 1 a b - j p 8 A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 5 7 3 0 0 A 2 1 1 n g . j p g 3 5 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 0 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 5 8 7 5 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 A 2 1 1 n g . j p g 8 5 0 A 2 1 1 n g . j p g 9 5 0 A 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 A 2 1 i n g - j p 8 1 0 5 0 A 2 1 1 n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 5 9 ‘ : I I 2 I I M ; I I . I I I 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 0 A 2 l a b . j p g 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 4 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 0 6 0 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 6 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 7 0 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 7 5 0 A 2 1 3 b . j p g 8 0 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 A 2 1 a b . j p g 2 6 1 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 5 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 3 0 0 A 3 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 0 A 3 1 i n g . j p g 4 0 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 2 6 0 0 A 3 I i n g . j p g 6 5 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 7 0 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 7 5 0 A 3 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 A 3 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 A 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 A 3 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 A 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 " m F ' V ‘ E - 1 0 0 A 3 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 A 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 A 3 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 A 3 1 a b 1 ' p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 4 7 5 0 A 3 l a b . j p g 8 0 0 A 3 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 A 3 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 A 3 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 A 3 l a b - j p 3 1 0 5 0 A 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 5 0 A 4 r 0 0 t . j p g 5 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 1 5 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 2 5 0 A 4 r 0 0 t . j p g 4 5 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 A 4 r 0 0 t . j p g 5 5 0 A 4 r 0 0 t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 6 : : 1 1 1 m l m l l H : D N . I m w l u m ‘ . g i m i y m m n g Q U I I I I N I L Q L I D 7 5 0 A 4 r 0 0 t . j p g I 9 0 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 9 5 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 5 0 A 4 r o o t . j p g 2 6 7 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 3 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 8 6 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 6 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 7 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 7 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 8 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 8 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 9 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 5 0 A 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 6 9 0 B 1 l i n g . j p g 5 0 B 1 l i n g . j p g I O O B l 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 B 1 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 B 1 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 B 1 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 0 8 0 0 B l l i n g . j p g 8 5 0 8 1 1 i n g - j p g 8 ! 9 0 0 B 1 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 1 3 1 1 1 n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 . n g 1 0 5 0 B 1 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 1 0 B l l a b . j p g S O B l l a b . j p g 1 0 0 B 1 1 a b . j p g l S O B l l a b . j p g Z O O B l l a b . j p g 2 5 0 B l l a b . j p g 4 5 0 B 1 1 a b . j p g S O O B l l a b . j p g 5 5 0 B 1 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 2 6 0 0 B 1 1 a b . j p g 6 5 0 B 1 l a b . j p g 7 0 0 B 1 l a b . j p g 7 5 0 8 1 l a b . j p g 8 0 0 B 1 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 B 1 l a b . j p g - . - _ ‘ 9 0 0 B 1 l a b . j p g 9 5 0 3 1 1 3 0 n g 1 0 0 0 B 1 l a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 B 1 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 3 l S O B Z l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 3 2 1 1 n g . j p g 2 5 0 8 2 1 i n g . j p g 3 0 0 B 2 1 1 n g . j p g 3 5 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 0 0 B 2 1 1 ' n g . j p g 4 5 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g S O O B Z I i n g . j p g 5 5 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 4 6 0 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g 7 5 0 B 2 1 1 n g . j p g 9 0 0 B 2 1 1 n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 8 0 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g 2 7 5 1 0 0 0 B 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 5 0 B 2 | a b . j p g Z O O B Z I a b j p g 2 5 0 B 2 1 a b . j p g 4 5 0 B 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 8 2 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 1 3 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 6 6 O O B Z I a b . j p g 6 5 0 8 2 1 a b . j p g 7 O O B Z l a b . j p g 7 5 0 B 2 1 a b . j p g 8 0 0 B 2 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 B 2 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 B 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 B 2 l a b - j p g 1 0 5 0 B 2 1 1 1 b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 7 O B 3 l i n g . j p g 5 0 B 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 B 3 1 i n g . j p g 3 0 0 B 3 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 0 B 3 1 i n g . j p g 4 O O B 3 l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 8 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 B 3 l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 B 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 8 9 0 0 B 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 8 3 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 B 3 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 B 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 7 9 A E a : E : ‘ r ' 5 7 ? O B 3 l a b . j p g 5 0 8 3 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 B 3 1 a b . j p g 4 5 0 B 3 l a b . j p g 5 0 0 8 3 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 B 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 0 8 0 0 B 3 l a b . j p g 8 5 0 B 3 l a b - j p g 9 5 0 B 3 1 a b . j p g l O O O B B l a b J p g 1 0 5 0 B 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 1 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g 1 5 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g Z S O B 4 r o o t . j p g 4 5 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 2 n i a m H I I H H ! M H 8 O O B 4 r o o t . j p g 8 5 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g ! I H I I H I l c l I 9 5 0 B 4 r o o t . j p g l O O O B 4 r o o t . j p g I O S O B 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 3 0 B 4 5 i d e . j p g S O B 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 1 5 0 3 4 5 i d e . j p g Z O O B 4 s i d e . j p g 2 5 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 3 0 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 3 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 4 - ‘ N ) 6 0 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 9 0 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 5 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 9 5 0 B 4 s i d e . j p g 2 8 5 7 0 0 B 4 $ i d e . j p g l O O O B 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 C l l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 C 1 l i n g - j p g 2 0 0 C l l i n g . j p g 2 5 0 C l l i n g - j p g 3 0 0 C l l i n g . j p g 3 5 0 C 1 l i n g . j p g 4 0 0 C l l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 C 1 l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 C 1 l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 C 1 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 6 9 0 0 C 1 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 C l l i n g j p g 1 0 0 0 C 1 l i n g . j p g l O S O C l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 7 1 5 0 C l l a b . j p g 2 0 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 2 5 0 C 1 1 a b . j p g 3 0 0 C ] l a b . j p g 3 5 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 4 0 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 C ] l a b . j p g 5 0 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 C 1 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 8 7 5 0 C 1 1 a b . j p g 8 0 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 8 5 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 9 0 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 9 5 0 C 1 l a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 C l l a b . j p g l O S O C l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 8 9 9 0 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g l O S O C 2 ] i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 0 7 5 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 C 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 1 s o c z i a b . j p g 1 0 0 C 2 1 a b - j p g 4 5 0 C 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 C 2 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 C 2 1 a b J p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 2 9 0 0 C 2 | a b . j p g 9 5 0 C 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 C 2 | a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 3 4 5 0 C 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 C 3 l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 C 3 l i n g b r o k e n . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 4 ' 5 . 5 5 0 C 3 l i n g . j p g 6 0 0 C 3 1 i n g . j p g 6 5 0 C 3 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 C 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 C 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 C 3 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 C 3 l i n g - j P 8 A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 5 1 ' . I I 4 . M 0 C 3 l a b . j p g 3 0 0 C 3 l a b . j p g : 2 . fi n k 3 5 0 C 3 1 a b . j p g 4 0 0 c 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 C 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 0 C 3 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 C 3 1 a b - j p g 2 9 6 6 0 0 C 3 l a b . j p g 6 5 0 C 3 1 a b . j p g 7 0 0 C 3 l a b . j p g 9 0 0 C 3 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 C 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 3 1 a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 C 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 7 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 1 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 2 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 3 0 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 3 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 4 0 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 4 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 8 m m 1 H 1 1 1 1 { " H u m 7 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 8 0 0 C 4 r 0 0 t . j p g 8 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 1 \ | N O I i | “ I i i 9 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 4 F 0 0 t - j P 8 1 0 5 0 C 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 2 9 9 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 1 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 2 0 0 C 4 s i d e - j p g 3 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 0 2 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 6 0 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 6 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 7 0 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 7 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 8 0 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 8 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 9 0 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 5 0 C 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 1 O D l l i n g . j p g 5 0 D 1 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 D ] l i n g . j p g 1 5 0 D l l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 D ] l i n g . j p g 2 5 0 D l l i n g . j p g 3 0 0 D 1 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 0 D l l i n g . j p g 4 0 0 D l l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 D l l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 D l l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 D l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 2 9 0 0 D ] l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 D l 1 i n g . j p g l O O O D l l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 D 1 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 3 2 5 0 D l l a b . j p g 4 5 0 D l l a b . j p g 5 0 0 D l l a b . j p g 5 5 0 D l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 4 6 0 0 D l l a b . j p g 6 5 0 D 1 l a b . j p g 7 0 0 D l l a b . j p g 7 5 0 D 1 1 a b . j p g 8 0 0 D l l a b . j p g 8 5 0 D 1 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 D l l a b . j p g l O O O D l l a b - j p g 1 0 5 0 D l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 5 O D 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 2 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 6 6 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 6 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 7 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 7 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 D 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 7 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 D 2 1 3 b . j p g 1 0 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 1 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 D 2 1 3 b . j p g 2 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 4 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 8 7 5 0 D 2 | a b . j p g 8 0 0 0 2 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 9 0 0 D 2 1 3 b . j p g 9 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 D 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 0 9 O D 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 3 0 0 D 3 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 4 0 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 D 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 D 3 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 0 9 0 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 D 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 D 3 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 1 1 5 0 D 3 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 D 3 1 a b . j p g 2 5 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 5 0 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 D 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 2 6 0 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 6 5 0 D 3 1 a b . j p g 7 0 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 9 0 0 D 3 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 D 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 D 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 3 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 1 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 2 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 3 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 3 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 4 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 4 5 0 D 4 r 0 0 t . j p g 5 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 4 9 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 9 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 5 0 D 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 3 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 6 6 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 6 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 7 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 7 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 8 0 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 8 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 D 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 0 D 4 5 i d e - j p g 1 0 5 0 D 4 $ i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 7 0 E 1 ] i n g . j p g 5 0 E l l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 1 5 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 2 0 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 3 0 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 0 E l l i n n g g 4 5 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p 8 5 0 0 E ] l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 E 1 1 i n g _ j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 8 6 5 0 1 3 1 l i n g . j p g 7 0 0 1 3 1 1 n g 1 1 3 8 7 5 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 E l l i n g . j p g 8 5 0 E l l i n g . j p g 9 0 0 E 1 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 B 1 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 B 1 l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 E l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 1 9 3 0 0 E 1 1 a b . j p g 3 5 0 E l l a b . j p g 4 0 0 E l l a b . j p g 4 5 0 E 1 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 E l l a b . j p g 5 5 0 E 1 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 0 6 0 0 E 1 l a b . j p g 6 5 0 E 1 l a b . j p g 7 0 0 E l l a b . j p g 9 0 0 E 1 l a b . j p g 9 5 0 B 1 l a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 E 1 l a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 E 1 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 1 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 2 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 E 2 | i n g . j p g 5 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 2 6 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 6 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 7 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 7 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 E 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 3 4 5 0 E 2 1 a b . j p g S O O E Z I a b j p g 5 5 0 E 2 1 3 b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 4 9 0 0 E 2 1 3 b . j p g 9 5 0 E 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 E 2 1 a b . j p g l O S O E Z l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 5 0 E 3 H n g j p g 5 0 E 3 fi n g j p g 1 0 0 E 3 H n g j p g 4 5 0 E 3 l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 E 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 E 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 6 7 0 0 E 3 1 i . n g . j p g 9 0 0 E 3 l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 E 3 1 i n g - j p g 1 0 5 0 E 3 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 7 1 0 0 0 E 3 l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 E 3 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 E 3 1 3 b . j p g 5 5 0 E 3 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 2 8 7 5 0 E 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 E 3 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 8 0 0 E 3 l a b . j p g 9 5 0 E 3 l a b . j p g 3 2 9 7 0 0 E 3 1 3 b . j p g 1 0 0 0 E 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 0 6 0 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 6 5 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 7 0 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 9 0 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 9 5 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 5 0 E 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 1 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 1 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 2 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 2 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 3 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 2 6 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 6 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 7 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 7 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 8 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 8 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 9 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 5 0 E 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 3 O F l l i n g J P g S O F I l i n g . j p g l O O F l l i n g . j p g I S O F l l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 F l l i n g . j p g 2 5 0 F l l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 F l l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 F l l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 F l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 4 9 0 0 F 1 l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 F l l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 F 1 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 F l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 5 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g 5 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g n o ; 1 5 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g 2 5 0 F l l a b . j p g 4 5 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 F l l a b . j p g 5 5 0 F 1 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 6 7 5 0 F l l a b . j p g 8 0 0 F l l a b . j p g 8 5 0 F l l a b . j p g 9 0 0 F l l a b . j p g 9 5 0 F l l a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 F 1 1 a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 F l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 7 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 F 2 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 5 0 F 2 1 i n . ' 2 0 0 F 2 | i n . j p 2 0 0 F 2 1 i n g b r o k e n . j p g 8 . 1 1 9 8 8 S 4 0 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 8 S S O F Z H n n g g 6 0 0 F 2 h n g j p g 6 5 0 F 2 fi n g j p g 8 5 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 F 2 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 F 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 F 2 1 1 n g - j p 8 A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 3 9 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 F 2 1 3 b . j p g 1 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 F 2 1 a b b r o k e n . j p g 2 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 3 0 0 F 2 1 3 b . j p g 3 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 4 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 4 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 0 7 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 7 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 8 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 9 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 F 2 1 3 b . j p g 1 0 0 0 F 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 F 2 1 a b - j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 1 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 F 3 l i n g . j p g 1 5 0 F 3 l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 F 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 2 6 0 0 F 3 l i n g . j p g 6 5 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 3 1 0 0 0 F 3 1 i n g . j p g 3 0 0 F 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 F 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 F 3 l a b . j p g 5 0 0 F 3 l a b . j p g 3 4 4 4 0 0 F 3 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 F 3 l a b . j p g 6 0 0 F 3 1 a b . j p g 6 5 0 F 3 1 a b . j p g 7 0 0 F 3 1 a b . j p g 9 0 0 F 3 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 F 3 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 F 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 5 0 F 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 5 i i i O F 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 F 4 r 0 0 L j P 8 1 0 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 2 5 0 F 4 r o o t - j p g 3 5 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 4 0 0 F 4 r o o t - j p g N O m l n u i n i m i i i F 1 4 5 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 6 7 0 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 9 0 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 9 5 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 5 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 7 1 0 0 0 F 4 r o o t . j p g 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 1 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 2 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 2 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 F 4 s i d e - j p g 4 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 8 6 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 6 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 7 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 7 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 8 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 8 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 9 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 5 0 F 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 4 9 1 5 0 G l l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 G 1 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 G 1 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 0 G l l i n g . j p g 4 O O G l l i n g - j p g E A . 4 5 0 G ] l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 G 1 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 G l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x G c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 0 6 0 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g 6 5 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g 7 0 0 G 1 l i n g . j p g 7 5 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g 8 0 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g 9 O O G l l i n g . j p g 9 5 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g l O O O G l l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 6 1 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 1 0 6 1 1 3 b . j p g l S O G l l a b . j p g 3 O O G I I a b . j p g 4 5 0 6 1 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 6 1 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 6 1 l a b . j p g 5 0 0 6 1 1 3 b . j p g 3 5 2 l O O G l l a b . j p g 5 5 0 6 1 1 a b . j p g 9 0 0 6 1 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 6 1 1 a b . j p g l O S O G l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 3 7 O O G l l a b . j p g l O O O G l l a b . j p g 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 5 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 3 5 4 4 0 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 6 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 1 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 2 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 4 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 6 7 5 0 6 2 1 3 b . j p g 8 0 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 8 5 0 6 2 1 3 b . j p g 9 0 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 6 2 1 a b . j p g l O S O G Z l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 7 1 5 0 6 3 1 i n g . j p g 2 0 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 2 5 0 6 3 1 i n g . j p g 3 0 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 3 5 0 6 3 ] i n g . j p g 4 0 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 6 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 0 6 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 8 6 0 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 6 5 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 7 0 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 9 0 0 6 3 1 i n g j p g 9 5 0 6 3 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 6 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 5 0 6 3 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 5 9 0 6 3 1 a b . j p g 5 0 6 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 0 6 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 6 3 l a b . j p g 5 0 0 6 3 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 6 3 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 0 1 0 5 0 6 3 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 4 9 5 0 6 3 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 6 3 l a b . j p g 3 6 1 l 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 2 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 3 0 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 3 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 4 0 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 4 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 2 9 0 0 6 4 1 ' o o t . j p g ~ 9 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 5 0 6 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 3 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 1 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 2 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 2 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 3 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 4 9 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 0 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g 1 0 5 0 6 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 5 O H l l i n g . j p g 5 0 H l l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 H l l i n g . j p g 1 5 0 H l l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 H 1 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 H 1 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 H l l i n g . j p g 5 0 0 H l l i n g . j p g 5 5 0 H l l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 6 7 0 0 H l l i n g . j p g 8 5 0 H 1 1 i n g . j p g 9 0 0 H 1 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 9 5 0 H l l i n g . j p g 3 6 7 l O O O H l l i n g . j p g 0 H 1 l a b . j p g 5 0 H 1 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 H 1 l a b . j p g 1 5 0 1 - 1 1 l a b . j p g Z O O H 1 l a b . j p g 2 5 0 H 1 1 a b . j p g 3 5 0 H l l a b . j p g 4 0 0 H l l a b — j p g 4 5 0 H 1 1 a b . j p g S O O H 1 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 H l l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 8 9 0 0 H l l a b . j p g 9 5 0 H 1 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 H 1 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 6 9 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g l O O H Z l i n g . j p g l S O H Z l i n g j p g 2 0 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 H 2 | i n g . j p g 3 0 0 H 2 | i n g . j p g 3 5 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 0 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 4 5 0 H 2 | i n g . j p g 5 0 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 0 9 0 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 H 2 1 i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 1 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g l 5 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 2 0 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 2 5 0 H 2 1 a b _ j p g 3 0 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 3 5 0 H 2 1 3 b . j p g 4 0 0 H 2 | a b . j p g 4 5 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 5 0 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 5 5 0 H 2 1 3 b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 2 9 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 6 n g 9 5 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 H 2 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 3 1 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 2 0 0 H 3 1 i n g . j p g 2 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 4 5 0 H 3 | i n g . j p g 5 0 0 H 3 1 i n g . j p g 5 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 4 6 0 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 6 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 7 0 0 H 3 1 i n g . j p g 7 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 8 0 0 H 3 1 i n g . j p g 8 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 9 0 0 H 3 1 i n g . j p g 9 5 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g 1 0 0 0 H 3 l i n g . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 5 1 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 2 0 0 H 3 1 a b . j p g 2 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 4 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 5 0 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 5 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 6 6 0 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 6 5 0 H 3 1 a b . j p g 7 0 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 7 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 8 0 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 8 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 9 0 0 H 3 1 a b . j p g 9 5 0 H 3 l a b . j p g 1 0 0 0 H 3 1 a b . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 7 ) ? N 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 1 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 2 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 2 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 3 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 3 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 4 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 4 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 5 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 5 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 8 6 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 6 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 7 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 7 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 8 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p 8 8 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 9 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 9 5 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g 1 0 0 0 H 4 r o o t . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 7 9 1 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 2 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 2 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 3 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 3 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 4 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 4 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 5 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 5 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 0 6 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 6 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 7 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 7 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 8 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 8 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 9 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g 9 5 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g . 1 0 0 0 H 4 s i d e . j p g A p p e n d i x 6 c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 1 P L A C E I N R E T U R N B O X t o r e m o v e t h i s c h e c k o u t f r o m y o u r r e c o r d . T O A V O I D F I N E S r e t u r n o n o r b e f o r e d a t e d u e . M A Y B E R E C A L L E D w i t h e a r l i e r d u e d a t e i f r e q u e s t e d . D A T E D U E D A T E D U E D A T E D U E 5 / 0 8 K I P r o j / A c c S - P r e l e l R C l D a t e D u e . i n d d D I V E R S I T Y , B I O G E O G R A P H Y , A N D T A P H O N O M Y O F L A T E C R E T A C E O U S C H O N D R I C H T H Y A N S F R O M M O N T A N A V O L U M E H I B y Y a s e m i n I f a k a t T u l u A D I S S E R T A T I O N S u b m i t t e d t o M i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n p a r t i a l f u l fi l l m e n t o f t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e o f D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s 2 0 1 0 A P P E N D I X H D A T A F O R T A P H O N O M Y S E R I E S 3 8 2 T o o t h A 1 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g 0 A 1 1 7 . 5 2 1 7 . 4 8 1 7 . 5 0 1 7 . 4 9 1 7 . 5 0 1 7 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 4 1 1 7 . 5 0 5 0 A ] 1 7 . 1 2 1 7 . 1 1 1 7 . 1 1 1 7 . 1 1 1 7 . 1 0 1 7 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 7 . 1 1 1 0 0 A 1 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 4 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 1 1 6 . 9 4 1 6 . 9 3 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 6 . 9 3 1 5 0 A 1 1 6 . 6 9 1 6 . 6 7 1 6 . 6 9 1 6 . 6 6 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 6 . 6 8 2 0 0 A 1 1 6 . 4 4 1 6 . 4 5 1 6 . 4 3 1 6 . 4 4 1 6 . 4 4 1 6 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 6 . 4 4 2 5 0 A 1 1 6 . 2 8 1 6 . 3 0 1 6 . 2 6 1 6 . 2 8 1 6 . 2 9 1 6 . 2 9 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 6 . 2 8 3 0 0 A 1 1 6 . 2 5 1 6 . 2 3 1 6 . 2 6 1 6 . 1 6 1 6 . 2 3 1 6 . 2 3 0 . 0 3 5 0 1 6 . 2 3 3 5 0 A 1 1 6 . 1 6 1 6 . 1 5 1 6 . 1 8 1 6 . 2 0 1 6 . 1 7 1 6 . 1 9 0 . 0 1 8 7 1 6 . 1 8 4 0 0 A 1 1 6 . 1 0 1 6 . 1 1 1 6 . 1 3 1 6 . 1 4 1 6 . 0 8 1 6 . 1 2 0 . 0 2 1 6 1 6 . 1 1 4 5 0 A ] 1 6 . 0 6 1 6 . 0 5 1 6 . 0 7 1 6 . 0 7 1 6 . 0 4 1 6 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 6 . 0 6 5 0 0 A 1 1 5 . 9 ] 1 5 . 9 3 1 5 . 9 0 1 5 . 9 0 1 5 . 9 0 1 5 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 5 . 9 1 5 5 0 A 1 1 5 . 7 9 1 5 . 7 7 1 5 . 8 0 1 5 . 7 7 1 5 . 7 7 1 5 . 7 7 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 5 . 7 8 6 0 0 A 1 1 5 . 6 2 1 5 . 6 3 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 5 . 6 1 6 5 0 A 1 1 5 . 5 3 1 5 . 5 5 1 5 . 5 5 1 5 . 5 2 1 5 . 5 4 1 5 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 5 . 5 4 7 0 0 A 1 1 5 . 4 2 1 5 . 4 0 1 5 . 4 1 1 5 . 4 1 1 5 . 3 9 1 5 . 3 9 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 5 . 4 0 7 5 0 A ] 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 6 1 5 . 3 7 1 5 . 3 6 1 5 . 3 6 1 5 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 5 . 3 6 8 0 0 A ] 1 5 . 2 3 1 5 . 2 3 1 5 . 2 1 1 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 5 . 2 3 8 5 0 A 1 1 5 . 2 ] 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 2 2 1 5 . 2 1 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 2 1 0 . 0 1 2 2 1 5 . 2 1 9 0 0 A 1 1 5 . 1 8 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 1 6 1 5 . 1 6 1 5 . 1 7 1 5 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 5 . 1 7 9 5 0 A 1 1 5 . 0 6 1 5 . 0 5 1 5 . 0 7 1 5 . 0 6 1 5 . 0 6 1 5 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 5 . 0 6 1 0 0 0 A 1 1 4 . 9 ] 1 4 . 8 9 1 4 . 9 0 1 4 . 9 3 1 4 . 9 2 1 4 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 4 . 9 1 A p p e n d i x H : D a t a f o r t a p h o n o m y s e r i e s . 3 8 3 T o o t h A 2 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 2 2 1 . 1 5 2 1 . 1 3 2 1 . 1 4 2 1 . 1 4 2 1 . 1 4 2 1 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 1 . 1 4 5 0 A 2 1 9 . 2 9 1 9 . 3 0 1 9 . 3 0 1 9 . 2 9 1 9 . 2 8 1 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 9 . 2 9 1 0 0 A 2 1 8 . 7 7 1 8 . 7 6 1 8 . 7 7 1 8 . 7 6 1 8 . 7 5 1 8 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 8 . 7 6 1 5 0 A 2 1 7 . 9 6 1 7 . 9 9 1 7 . 9 6 1 7 . 9 7 1 7 . 9 8 1 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 7 . 9 7 2 0 0 A 2 1 7 . 3 6 1 7 . 3 8 1 7 . 3 4 1 7 . 3 4 1 7 . 3 6 1 7 . 3 7 0 . 0 1 6 0 1 7 . 3 6 2 5 0 A 2 1 7 . 1 2 1 7 . 1 2 1 7 . 1 5 1 7 . 1 4 1 7 . 1 4 1 7 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 7 . 1 3 3 0 0 A 2 1 7 . 0 5 1 7 . 0 7 1 7 . 0 7 1 7 . 0 5 1 7 . 0 6 1 7 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 7 . 0 6 3 5 0 A 2 1 6 . 9 4 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 3 1 6 . 9 2 1 6 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 6 . 9 3 4 0 0 A 2 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 9 1 6 . 6 8 1 6 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 6 . 6 8 4 5 0 A 2 1 6 . 4 0 1 6 . 3 7 1 6 . 3 7 1 6 . 3 5 1 6 . 3 5 1 6 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 9 0 1 6 . 3 7 5 0 0 A 2 1 6 . 1 0 1 6 . 1 0 1 6 . 1 1 1 6 . 1 1 1 6 . 1 2 1 6 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 6 . 1 1 5 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 1 5 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 5 . 9 5 6 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 7 1 5 . 7 9 1 5 . 7 8 1 5 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 5 . 7 8 6 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 5 . 6 7 7 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 4 9 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 1 5 . 5 2 7 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 4 6 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 4 1 5 . 4 4 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 5 . 4 5 8 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 4 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 . 3 5 8 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 8 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 5 . 2 9 9 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 2 6 1 5 . 2 5 1 5 . 2 5 1 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 2 3 1 5 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 5 . 2 5 9 5 0 A 2 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 1 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 1 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 5 . 2 0 1 0 0 0 A 2 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 1 6 1 5 . 1 8 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 6 4 1 5 . 1 6 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 4 T o o t h A 3 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 3 1 3 . 8 3 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 8 1 1 3 . 8 4 1 3 . 8 4 0 . 0 2 3 4 1 3 . 8 4 5 0 A 3 1 2 . 8 1 1 2 . 8 2 1 2 . 8 2 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 2 . 8 2 1 0 0 A 3 1 2 . 4 6 1 2 . 4 8 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 6 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 7 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 2 . 4 8 1 5 0 A 3 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 3 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 3 1 2 . 1 0 1 2 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 2 . 1 2 2 0 0 A 3 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 6 1 1 . 8 6 1 1 . 8 6 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 1 . 8 5 2 5 0 A 3 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 1 1 1 . 6 9 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 1 . 7 1 3 0 0 A 3 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 . 6 4 3 5 0 A 3 1 1 . 5 1 1 1 . 5 1 1 1 . 5 1 1 1 . 4 9 1 1 . 4 7 1 1 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 6 7 1 1 . 5 0 4 0 0 A 3 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 2 1 1 . 4 2 1 1 . 4 0 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 3 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 1 . 4 2 4 5 0 A 3 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 6 1 1 . 3 6 1 1 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 1 . 3 6 5 0 0 A 3 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 8 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 8 1 1 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 1 . 2 8 5 5 0 A 3 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 5 1 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 1 6 6 0 0 A 3 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 6 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 1 . 0 5 6 5 0 A 3 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 9 6 7 0 0 A 3 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 8 9 7 5 0 A 3 1 0 . 8 3 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 8 4 8 0 0 A 3 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 0 . 7 7 8 5 0 A 3 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 3 1 0 . 7 3 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 7 2 9 0 0 A 3 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 6 9 9 5 0 A 3 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 0 0 A 3 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 5 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 5 T o o t h B 1 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B l 8 . 5 0 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 6 3 8 . 4 9 5 0 B 1 7 . 9 1 7 . 9 4 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 6 7 . 8 4 7 . 8 4 0 . 0 5 0 8 7 . 9 0 1 0 0 B 1 7 . 7 5 7 . 7 6 7 . 7 7 7 . 7 5 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 5 0 . 0 1 3 3 7 . 7 5 1 5 0 B 1 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 2 7 . 6 9 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 7 . 7 1 2 0 0 B 1 7 . 6 2 7 . 5 8 7 . 5 8 7 . 5 8 7 . 6 0 7 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 6 3 7 . 5 9 2 5 0 B l 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 7 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 5 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 6 3 7 . 4 6 3 0 0 B l 7 . 3 6 7 . 3 6 7 . 3 5 7 . 3 4 7 . 3 7 7 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 7 . 3 6 3 5 0 B l 7 . 3 6 7 . 3 6 7 . 3 5 7 . 3 4 7 . 3 7 7 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 7 . 3 6 4 0 0 B l 7 . 3 0 7 . 3 1 7 . 2 9 7 . 3 0 7 . 2 9 7 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 3 0 4 5 0 B 1 7 . 2 3 7 . 2 1 7 . 2 3 7 . 2 2 7 . 2 4 7 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 2 3 5 0 0 B 1 7 . 2 1 7 . 1 9 7 . 2 0 7 . 2 0 7 . 2 0 7 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 6 3 7 . 2 0 5 5 0 B 1 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 7 . 1 2 6 0 0 B l 7 . 0 0 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 7 6 . 9 7 6 . 9 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 . 9 8 6 5 0 B 1 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 7 6 . 9 6 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 6 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 . 9 6 7 0 0 B l 6 . 9 1 6 . 9 1 6 . 9 0 6 . 9 0 6 . 8 9 6 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 9 0 7 5 0 B l 6 . 8 7 6 . 8 7 6 . 8 7 6 . 8 7 6 . 8 7 6 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 6 . 8 7 8 0 0 B 1 6 . 8 3 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 6 3 6 . 8 2 8 5 0 B l 6 . 7 7 6 . 7 9 6 . 7 7 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 9 6 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 . 7 8 9 0 0 B l 6 . 7 5 6 . 7 5 6 . 7 6 6 . 7 5 6 . 7 6 6 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 6 . 7 6 9 5 0 B l 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 6 . 7 1 1 0 0 0 B 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 6 8 6 . 6 9 6 . 7 0 6 . 6 9 6 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 . 6 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 6 T o o t h B 2 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 2 1 3 . 6 2 1 3 . 7 5 1 3 . 7 0 1 3 . 6 8 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 6 9 0 . 0 4 3 7 1 3 . 6 9 5 0 B 2 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 5 1 2 . 6 4 1 2 . 5 6 1 2 . 6 3 1 2 . 6 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 2 . 6 3 1 0 0 B Z 1 2 . 3 4 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 1 1 2 . 3 2 1 2 . 3 0 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 2 . 3 2 1 5 0 B Z 1 2 . 0 5 1 2 . 0 5 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 0 4 2 0 0 B 2 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 7 8 1 1 . 7 8 1 1 . 7 4 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 6 3 1 1 . 7 7 2 5 0 B 2 1 1 . 6 1 1 1 . 6 2 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 3 1 1 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 1 . 6 3 3 0 0 B Z 1 1 . 5 8 1 1 . 5 6 1 1 . 5 7 1 1 . 5 8 1 1 . 5 8 1 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 1 . 5 8 3 5 0 B 2 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 1 . 4 4 4 0 0 B 2 1 1 . 3 0 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 . 2 9 1 1 . 2 9 1 1 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 1 . 3 0 4 5 0 B 2 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 1 . 2 1 5 0 0 B 2 1 1 . 1 0 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 1 . 1 1 5 5 0 B 2 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 8 1 0 . 9 8 1 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 7 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 0 . 9 7 6 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 8 7 6 5 0 8 2 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 7 7 7 0 0 B 2 1 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 6 8 7 5 0 B Z 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 0 . 6 0 8 0 0 B 2 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 5 1 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 1 7 5 1 0 . 5 1 8 5 0 B Z 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 7 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 4 7 1 0 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 4 8 9 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 0 . 4 3 9 5 0 B 2 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 3 9 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 0 . 3 9 1 0 0 0 B 2 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 7 5 1 0 . 3 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 7 T o o t h B 3 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 3 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 6 5 1 0 . 5 8 0 . 0 3 8 5 1 0 5 9 - 5 0 B 3 9 . 8 6 9 . 9 0 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 8 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 4 2 9 . 8 6 1 0 0 B 3 9 . 4 8 9 . 5 2 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 2 9 . 5 1 9 . 5 4 0 . 0 2 0 4 9 . 5 1 1 5 0 B 3 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 2 6 2 0 0 B 3 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 9 . 0 8 2 5 0 B 3 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 8 8 . 8 7 8 . 8 7 8 . 8 8 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 1 0 8 . 8 8 3 0 0 B 3 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 2 8 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 7 3 3 5 0 B 3 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 0 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 0 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 6 1 4 0 0 B 3 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 4 8 4 5 0 B 3 8 . 3 9 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 3 8 5 0 0 B 3 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 5 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 2 6 5 5 0 B 3 8 . 0 8 8 . 0 7 8 . 0 9 8 . 0 9 8 . 0 9 8 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 0 8 6 0 0 B 3 7 . 9 8 7 . 9 8 7 . 9 7 7 . 9 7 7 . 9 7 7 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 7 . 9 7 6 5 0 B 3 7 . 8 6 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 5 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 8 7 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 8 7 7 0 0 B 3 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 8 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 6 0 . 0 1 2 6 7 . 7 8 7 5 0 B 3 7 . 6 9 7 . 6 6 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 6 7 . 6 6 7 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 6 7 8 0 0 B 3 7 . 6 2 7 . 6 1 7 . 6 2 7 . 6 1 7 . 6 0 7 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 6 1 8 5 0 B B 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 7 . 5 5 7 . 5 4 7 . 5 5 7 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 5 5 9 0 0 B 3 7 . 5 1 7 . 5 2 7 . 5 1 7 . 5 4 7 . 5 2 7 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 7 . 5 2 9 5 0 B 3 7 . 4 8 7 . 4 9 7 . 4 7 7 . 4 8 7 . 4 8 7 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 6 3 7 . 4 8 1 0 0 0 B 3 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 4 7 . 4 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 7 . 4 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 8 T o o t h C 1 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 1 1 5 . 3 9 1 5 . 4 6 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 6 1 5 . 4 3 1 5 . 4 4 0 . 0 2 6 4 1 5 . 4 4 5 0 C 1 1 4 . 3 3 1 4 . 3 6 1 4 . 2 7 1 4 . 2 9 1 4 . 3 1 1 4 . 3 6 0 . 0 3 6 9 1 4 . 3 2 1 0 0 C 1 1 3 . 9 7 1 3 . 9 6 1 3 . 9 7 1 3 . 9 6 1 3 . 9 6 1 3 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 9 7 1 5 0 C 1 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 7 0 1 3 . 6 9 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 8 0 . 0 2 2 8 1 3 . 6 7 2 0 0 C 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 6 2 1 3 . 5 3 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 4 7 2 1 3 . 5 3 2 5 0 C 1 1 3 . 3 5 1 3 . 3 5 1 3 . 3 5 1 3 . 3 5 1 3 . 3 5 1 3 , 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 3 . 3 5 3 0 0 C 1 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 3 . 2 2 3 5 0 C 1 1 3 . 0 0 1 2 . 9 8 1 3 . 0 2 1 3 . 0 1 1 3 . 0 1 1 3 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 3 . 0 1 4 0 0 C 1 1 2 . 9 2 1 2 . 9 3 1 2 . 9 2 1 2 . 9 2 1 2 . 8 9 1 2 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 2 . 9 2 4 5 0 C 1 1 2 . 8 1 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 1 2 . 8 2 5 0 0 C 1 1 2 . 7 1 1 2 . 7 2 1 2 . 7 1 1 2 . 7 3 1 2 . 7 2 1 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 2 . 7 2 5 5 0 C 1 1 2 . 6 2 1 2 . 6 1 1 2 . 6 0 1 2 . 6 0 1 2 . 6 1 1 2 . 5 9 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 2 . 6 1 6 0 0 C 1 1 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 4 3 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 2 . 4 3 6 5 0 C 1 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 4 5 1 2 . 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 8 1 2 . 3 8 7 0 0 C 1 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 2 7 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 2 6 1 2 . 2 6 1 2 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 2 7 7 5 0 C 1 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 1 1 2 . 2 1 1 2 . 1 9 1 2 . 1 9 1 2 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 2 0 8 0 0 C 1 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 1 0 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 . 1 0 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 2 . 1 0 8 5 0 C 1 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 7 0 . 0 1 6 4 1 2 . 0 5 9 0 0 C 1 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 5 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 9 7 1 2 . 0 4 9 5 0 C 1 1 1 . 9 4 1 1 . 9 4 1 1 . 9 7 1 1 . 9 6 1 1 . 9 8 1 1 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 8 3 1 1 . 9 6 1 0 0 0 C 1 1 1 . 9 1 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 5 1 1 . 9 1 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 5 0 . 0 1 8 6 1 1 . 9 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 8 9 T o o t h C 2 , H e i g h t i n m m l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 2 1 3 . 1 0 1 2 . 9 7 1 3 . 0 3 1 2 . 9 6 1 2 . 9 5 1 2 . 9 9 0 . 0 5 6 6 1 3 . 0 0 5 0 C 2 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 1 3 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 4 1 2 . 1 0 1 2 . 1 0 . 0 1 6 3 1 2 . 1 2 1 0 0 C 2 1 1 . 8 0 1 1 . 7 7 1 1 . 7 5 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 8 0 1 1 . 7 9 0 . 0 2 1 4 1 1 . 7 8 1 5 0 C 2 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 2 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 1 . 4 3 2 0 0 C 2 1 1 3 6 ‘ 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 2 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 2 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 1 . 3 4 2 5 0 C 2 1 1 . 1 9 1 1 . 1 5 1 1 . 1 8 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 1 8 1 1 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 1 . 1 7 3 0 0 C 2 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 1 . 0 5 3 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 7 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 9 5 4 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 0 . 8 8 4 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 7 6 5 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 6 9 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 6 8 5 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 5 5 6 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 4 6 6 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 3 7 7 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 3 0 1 0 . 2 9 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 2 9 1 0 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 3 0 7 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 2 9 1 0 . 2 9 1 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 2 8 1 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 2 8 8 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 0 . 2 3 8 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 1 6 9 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 1 6 9 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 0 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 0 T o o t h C 3 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 3 1 4 . 7 6 1 4 . 7 3 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 5 1 4 . 7 0 0 . 0 3 8 3 1 4 . 7 0 5 0 C 3 1 3 . 4 5 1 3 . 4 0 1 3 . 4 1 1 3 . 4 4 1 3 . 4 2 1 3 . 4 4 0 . 0 1 9 7 1 3 . 4 3 1 0 0 C 3 1 3 . 1 8 1 3 . 1 7 1 3 . 1 6 1 3 . 1 7 1 3 . 1 7 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 3 . 1 7 1 5 0 C 3 1 2 . 9 9 1 2 . 9 8 1 2 . 9 9 1 2 . 9 7 1 2 . 9 7 1 2 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 2 . 9 8 2 0 0 C 3 1 2 . 8 7 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 8 6 2 5 0 C 3 1 2 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 6 1 2 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 2 . 7 7 3 0 0 C 3 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 . 6 8 3 5 0 C 3 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 2 . 5 8 4 0 0 C 3 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 . 4 9 4 5 0 C 3 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 2 . 4 1 5 0 0 C 3 1 2 . 3 2 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 2 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 3 5 5 0 C 3 1 2 . 2 3 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 2 2 6 0 0 C 3 1 2 . 1 6 1 2 . 1 5 1 2 . 1 4 1 2 . 1 5 1 2 . 1 5 1 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 2 . 1 5 6 5 0 C 3 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 . 0 8 7 0 0 C 3 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 4 1 2 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 2 . 0 4 7 5 0 C 3 1 1 . 9 8 1 1 . 9 8 1 1 . 9 9 1 1 . 9 9 1 1 . 9 9 1 1 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 1 . 9 9 8 0 0 C 3 1 1 . 9 4 1 1 . 9 3 1 1 . 9 4 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 1 . 9 3 8 5 0 C 3 1 1 . 8 7 1 1 . 8 8 1 1 . 8 9 1 1 . 8 8 1 1 . 8 9 1 1 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 8 8 9 0 0 C 3 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 2 2 1 1 . 8 4 9 5 0 C 3 1 1 . 8 0 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 1 . 8 1 1 0 0 0 C 3 1 1 . 8 0 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 1 . 8 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 1 T o o t h D 1 H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 1 1 3 . 1 6 1 3 . 3 2 1 3 . 3 5 1 3 . 2 8 1 3 . 2 7 1 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 7 7 8 1 3 . 2 6 5 0 D 1 1 2 . 2 5 1 2 . 2 6 1 2 . 2 6 1 2 . 2 7 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 7 9 1 2 . 2 5 1 0 0 D 1 1 1 . 7 1 1 1 . 7 1 1 1 . 7 0 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 1 1 1 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 1 . 7 1 1 5 0 D 1 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 6 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 9 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 1 . 3 7 2 0 0 D 1 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 1 9 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 1 . 2 0 2 5 0 D 1 1 1 . 1 0 1 1 . 1 0 1 1 . 0 9 1 1 . 1 0 1 1 . 0 8 1 1 . 0 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 1 . 0 9 3 0 0 D 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 . 0 1 3 5 0 D 1 1 0 . 9 0 1 0 . 9 0 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 8 9 4 0 0 D 1 1 0 . 7 9 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 7 8 4 5 0 D 1 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 0 . 6 8 5 0 0 D 1 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 0 . 5 9 5 5 0 D 1 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 0 . 4 9 6 0 0 D 1 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 0 . 4 0 6 5 0 D 1 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 0 . 3 2 7 0 0 D 1 1 0 . 2 6 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 2 5 7 5 0 D 1 1 0 . 1 9 1 0 . 1 9 1 0 . 1 9 1 0 . 1 9 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 0 . 1 9 8 0 0 D 1 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 1 0 8 5 0 D 1 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 0 D 1 9 . 9 6 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 8 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 8 9 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 1 0 9 . 9 8 9 5 0 D 1 9 . 9 2 9 . 9 0 9 . 9 0 9 . 9 0 9 . 9 1 9 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 9 1 1 0 0 0 D 1 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 4 9 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 6 4 9 . 8 6 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 2 T o o t h D 2 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 2 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 3 6 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 3 0 1 1 . 2 9 0 . 0 3 9 3 1 1 . 3 1 5 0 D 2 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 0 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 2 3 2 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 0 D 2 9 . 6 7 9 . 6 7 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 8 9 . 6 8 9 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 5 5 9 . 6 7 1 5 0 D 2 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 1 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 9 7 9 . 4 9 2 0 0 D 2 9 . 3 2 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 3 0 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 3 0 2 5 0 D 2 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 3 9 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 8 3 9 . 2 4 3 0 0 D 2 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 7 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 7 0 . 0 1 5 1 9 . 1 7 3 5 0 D 2 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 5 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 5 9 . 0 4 9 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 0 6 4 0 0 D 2 8 . 9 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 9 8 8 . 9 8 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 9 9 4 5 0 D 2 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 1 8 . 8 9 8 . 9 1 8 . 8 8 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 5 1 8 . 9 0 5 0 0 D 2 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 8 2 5 5 0 D 2 8 . 7 0 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 1 8 . 6 9 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 6 9 6 0 0 D 2 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 6 5 6 5 0 D 2 8 . 5 8 8 . 5 7 8 . 5 8 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 5 8 7 0 0 D 2 8 . 5 1 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 0 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 5 0 7 5 0 D 2 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 4 3 8 0 0 D 2 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 9 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 3 8 8 5 0 D 2 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 8 . 3 4 9 0 0 D 2 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 8 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 8 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 2 7 9 5 0 D 2 8 . 2 4 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 4 1 8 . 2 3 1 0 0 0 D 2 8 . 1 9 8 . 1 7 8 . 1 6 8 . 1 8 8 . 1 7 8 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 1 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 3 T o o t h D 3 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 3 1 9 . 3 9 1 9 . 4 5 1 9 . 3 4 1 9 . 4 2 1 9 . 4 8 1 9 . 4 1 0 . 0 4 8 5 1 9 . 4 2 5 0 D 3 1 7 . 2 3 1 7 . 2 2 1 7 . 2 1 1 7 . 2 2 1 7 . 2 1 1 7 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 7 . 2 2 1 0 0 D 3 1 6 . 1 9 1 6 . 2 0 1 6 . 1 9 1 6 . 1 9 1 6 . 1 7 1 6 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 6 . 1 8 1 5 0 D 3 1 5 . 6 8 1 5 . 6 5 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 6 1 5 . 6 5 1 5 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 5 . 6 6 2 0 0 D 3 1 5 . 4 7 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 5 1 5 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 5 . 4 5 2 5 0 D 3 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 7 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 0 1 5 . 3 3 1 5 . 3 6 0 . 0 2 5 0 1 5 . 3 4 3 0 0 D 3 1 5 . 2 7 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 8 1 5 . 2 9 1 5 . 2 7 1 5 . 3 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 5 . 2 8 3 5 0 D 3 1 5 . 0 8 1 5 . 0 9 1 5 . 1 1 1 5 . 1 1 1 5 . 0 8 1 5 . 1 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 5 . 1 0 4 0 0 D 3 1 5 . 0 8 1 5 . 0 8 1 5 . 0 8 1 5 . 0 8 1 5 . 0 7 1 5 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 5 . 0 8 4 5 0 D 3 1 4 . 9 2 1 4 . 9 4 1 4 . 9 5 1 4 . 9 1 1 4 . 9 5 1 4 . 9 7 0 . 0 2 1 9 1 4 . 9 4 5 0 0 D 3 1 4 . 9 0 1 4 . 8 7 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 8 9 1 4 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 4 . 8 8 5 5 0 D 3 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 8 0 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 4 . 7 9 6 0 0 D 3 1 4 . 7 6 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 6 1 4 . 7 5 1 4 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 4 . 7 6 6 5 0 D 3 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 1 1 4 . 7 1 1 4 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 4 . 7 0 7 0 0 D 3 1 4 . 5 4 1 5 . 5 3 1 4 . 5 2 1 4 . 5 5 1 4 . 5 4 1 4 . 5 3 0 . 4 0 5 9 1 4 . 7 0 7 5 0 D 3 1 4 . 5 4 1 5 . 5 3 1 4 . 5 2 1 4 . 5 5 1 4 . 5 4 1 4 . 5 3 0 . 4 0 5 9 1 4 . 7 0 8 0 0 D 3 1 4 . 5 4 1 5 . 5 3 1 4 . 5 2 1 4 . 5 5 1 4 . 5 4 1 4 . 5 3 0 . 4 0 5 9 1 4 . 7 0 8 5 0 D 3 1 4 . 4 8 1 4 . 4 9 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 4 . 4 8 9 0 0 D 3 1 4 . 4 8 1 4 . 4 9 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 7 1 4 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 4 . 4 8 9 5 0 D 3 1 4 . 4 2 1 4 . 4 3 1 4 . 4 5 1 4 . 4 1 1 4 . 4 1 1 4 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 4 . 4 2 1 0 0 0 D 3 1 4 . 3 8 1 4 . 4 1 1 4 . 4 1 1 4 . 4 0 1 4 . 4 2 1 4 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 4 . 4 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 4 T o o t h E l , H e i g h t i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 1 1 5 . 5 2 1 5 . 6 1 1 5 . 4 8 1 5 . 7 2 1 5 . 6 7 1 5 . 6 4 0 . 0 9 1 1 1 5 . 6 1 5 0 E 1 1 3 . 6 2 1 3 . 6 1 1 3 . 6 1 1 3 . 6 1 1 3 . 6 0 1 3 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 3 . 6 1 1 0 0 E 1 1 3 . 2 6 1 3 . 3 1 1 3 . 2 7 1 3 . 3 1 1 3 . 3 2 1 3 . 3 0 0 . 0 2 4 3 1 3 . 3 0 1 5 0 E 1 1 3 . 0 9 1 3 . 0 8 1 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 3 1 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 8 6 1 3 . 1 1 2 0 0 E 1 1 2 . 9 8 1 3 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 2 . 9 9 1 3 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 0 0 2 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 9 1 1 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 9 0 0 . 0 1 7 6 1 2 . 8 9 3 0 0 E 1 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 2 . 8 6 3 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 7 5 1 2 . 7 4 1 2 . 7 4 1 2 . 7 5 1 2 . 7 5 1 2 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 7 5 4 0 0 E 1 1 2 . 6 9 1 2 . 6 9 1 2 . 6 5 1 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 7 2 1 2 . 6 7 4 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 6 1 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 6 1 1 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 7 6 1 2 . 6 0 5 0 0 E l 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 5 6 1 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 5 6 1 2 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 2 . 5 7 5 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 2 2 1 2 . 4 0 6 0 0 E 1 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 2 . 3 7 6 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 3 0 1 2 . 3 0 1 2 . 3 0 1 2 . 3 0 1 2 . 2 9 1 2 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 0 7 0 0 E 1 1 2 . 2 3 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 4 1 2 . 2 3 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 2 . 2 3 7 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 1 8 1 2 . 1 9 1 2 . 1 9 1 2 . 2 0 1 2 . 1 9 1 2 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 2 . 1 9 8 0 0 E 1 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 3 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 2 . 1 2 8 5 0 E 1 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 2 . 0 7 9 0 0 E 1 1 1 . 9 9 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 1 1 1 . 9 9 1 2 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 6 7 1 2 . 0 1 9 5 0 E 1 1 1 . 9 7 1 2 . 0 0 1 1 . 9 9 1 1 . 9 7 1 1 . 9 7 1 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 1 . 9 8 1 0 0 0 E 1 1 1 . 9 7 1 2 . 0 0 1 1 . 9 9 1 1 . 9 7 1 1 . 9 7 1 2 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 1 . 9 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 5 T o o t h E 2 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 2 1 8 . 4 2 1 8 . 4 3 1 8 . 3 8 1 8 . 4 1 1 8 . 4 1 1 8 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 6 7 1 8 . 4 1 5 0 E 2 1 6 . 3 2 1 6 . 3 1 1 6 . 3 1 1 6 . 3 1 1 6 . 3 1 1 6 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 6 . 3 1 1 0 0 E 2 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 5 0 1 5 . 5 0 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 . 5 2 1 5 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 5 . 5 1 1 5 0 E 2 1 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 5 . 1 3 2 0 0 E 2 1 4 . 8 4 1 4 . 8 5 1 4 . 8 4 1 4 . 8 5 1 4 . 8 2 1 4 . 8 6 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 4 . 8 4 2 5 0 E 2 1 4 . 5 8 1 4 . 5 7 1 4 . 5 7 1 4 . 5 5 1 4 . 5 5 1 4 . 5 6 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 4 . 5 6 3 0 0 E 2 1 4 . 3 1 1 4 . 3 0 1 4 . 3 1 1 4 . 3 1 1 4 . 3 3 1 4 . 3 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 3 1 3 5 0 E 2 1 4 . 1 5 1 4 . 1 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 4 . 1 5 4 0 0 E 2 1 3 . 9 7 1 3 . 9 8 1 3 . 9 8 1 3 . 9 8 1 3 . 9 8 1 3 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 9 8 4 5 0 E 2 1 3 . 7 8 1 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 3 . 7 9 5 0 0 E 2 1 3 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 4 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 4 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 6 5 5 5 0 E 2 1 3 . 3 6 1 3 . 3 4 1 3 . 3 6 1 3 . 3 7 1 3 . 3 6 1 3 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 3 . 3 6 6 0 0 E 2 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 3 1 3 . 2 3 1 3 . 2 3 1 3 . 2 3 1 3 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 2 3 6 5 0 E 2 1 3 . 0 8 1 3 . 0 9 1 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 0 1 3 . 0 9 1 3 . 1 1 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 3 . 1 0 7 0 0 E 2 1 2 . 9 9 1 3 . 0 1 1 2 . 9 8 1 2 . 9 8 1 3 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 9 9 7 5 0 E 2 1 2 . 9 5 1 2 . 9 5 1 2 . 9 5 1 2 . 9 4 1 2 . 9 6 1 2 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 2 . 9 5 8 0 0 E 2 1 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 7 1 2 . 8 9 1 2 . 8 7 1 2 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 2 . 8 7 8 5 0 E 2 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 2 . 8 5 9 0 0 E 2 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 2 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 2 . 8 4 9 5 0 E 2 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 8 0 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 8 0 1 2 . 8 0 1 2 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 2 . 7 9 1 0 0 0 E 2 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 7 9 1 2 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 . 7 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 6 T o o t h E 3 , H e i g h t i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 3 1 8 . 4 9 1 8 . 3 9 1 8 . 4 6 1 8 . 4 8 1 8 . 4 2 1 8 . 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 2 1 8 . 4 6 5 0 E 3 1 6 . 4 0 1 6 . 4 0 1 6 . 3 8 1 6 . 4 0 1 6 . 3 7 1 6 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 6 . 3 9 1 0 0 E 3 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 6 1 1 5 . 5 9 1 5 . 6 1 1 5 . 6 0 1 5 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 5 . 6 1 1 5 0 E 3 1 5 . 3 4 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 5 1 5 . 3 6 1 5 . 3 4 1 5 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 5 . 3 5 2 0 0 E 3 1 5 . 2 7 1 5 . 2 5 1 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 2 6 1 5 . 2 4 1 5 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 5 . 2 5 2 5 0 E 3 1 5 . 1 1 1 5 . 1 4 1 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 1 2 1 5 . 1 5 1 5 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 7 2 1 5 . 1 3 3 0 0 E 3 1 5 . 0 2 1 5 . 0 2 1 5 . 0 3 1 5 . 0 4 1 5 . 0 4 1 5 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 5 . 0 3 3 5 0 E 3 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 8 9 1 4 . 8 9 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 8 9 1 4 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 4 . 8 9 4 0 0 E 3 1 4 . 7 5 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 6 1 4 . 7 6 1 4 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 4 . 7 6 4 5 0 E 3 1 4 . 6 1 1 4 . 6 3 1 4 . 6 2 1 4 . 6 2 1 4 . 6 4 1 4 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 4 . 6 3 5 0 0 E 3 1 4 . 5 1 1 4 . 5 3 1 4 . 5 4 1 4 . 5 1 1 4 . 5 3 1 4 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 4 . 5 2 5 5 0 E 3 1 4 . 3 5 1 4 . 3 4 1 4 . 3 3 1 4 . 3 4 1 4 . 3 5 1 4 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 4 . 3 4 6 0 0 E 3 1 4 . 2 1 1 4 . 2 1 1 4 . 2 0 1 4 . 2 0 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 4 . 2 1 6 5 0 E 3 1 4 . 1 0 1 4 . 1 0 1 4 . 1 0 1 4 . 1 0 1 4 . 1 1 1 4 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 4 . 1 0 7 0 0 E 3 1 3 . 9 9 1 4 . 0 0 1 3 . 9 8 1 3 . 9 9 1 4 . 0 0 1 3 . 9 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 3 . 9 9 7 5 0 E 3 1 3 . 9 1 1 3 . 8 9 1 3 . 8 9 1 3 . 9 0 1 3 . 9 0 1 3 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 3 . 9 0 8 0 0 E 3 1 3 . 8 4 1 3 . 8 4 1 3 . 8 4 1 3 . 8 3 1 3 . 8 3 1 3 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 8 4 8 5 0 E 3 1 3 . 8 1 1 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 8 1 1 3 . 8 1 1 3 . 8 0 1 3 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 3 . 8 0 9 0 0 E 3 1 3 . 7 3 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 7 3 1 3 . 7 0 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 3 . 7 2 9 5 0 E 3 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 3 . 7 1 1 0 0 0 E 3 1 3 . 6 9 1 3 . 7 0 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 3 . 7 0 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 7 T o o t h F 1 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 1 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 9 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 0 . 7 9 5 0 F 1 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 1 9 7 1 0 . 2 0 1 0 0 F 1 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 8 6 1 5 0 F 1 9 . 7 3 9 . 7 3 9 . 7 2 9 . 7 2 9 . 7 1 9 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 7 2 2 0 0 F 1 9 . 5 6 9 . 5 5 9 . 5 6 9 . 5 5 9 . 5 6 9 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 9 . 5 6 2 5 0 F 1 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 6 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 4 6 3 0 0 F 1 9 . 4 1 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 9 . 4 2 3 5 0 F 1 9 . 2 9 9 . 3 2 9 . 3 0 9 . 3 1 9 . 3 0 9 . 3 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 9 . 3 0 4 0 0 F 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 0 . 0 0 4 1 9 . 2 1 4 5 0 F 1 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 3 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 3 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 9 . 1 2 5 0 0 F 1 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 9 . 0 7 5 5 0 F 1 8 . 9 3 8 . 9 3 8 . 9 5 8 . 9 6 8 . 9 5 8 . 9 3 0 . 0 1 3 3 8 . 9 4 6 0 0 F 1 8 . 8 6 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 9 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 9 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 5 1 8 . 8 9 6 5 0 F 1 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 8 4 7 0 0 F 1 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 0 8 . 7 9 8 . 8 0 8 . 7 9 8 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 8 0 7 5 0 F 1 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 8 . 7 4 8 0 0 F 1 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 8 . 6 9 8 5 0 F 1 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 3 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 6 3 9 0 0 F 1 8 . 5 9 8 . 6 0 8 . 6 0 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 5 9 9 5 0 F 1 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 5 3 1 0 0 0 1 F 1 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 5 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 8 T o o t h F 2 , H e i g h t i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 2 1 6 . 2 8 1 6 . 3 7 1 6 . 3 4 1 6 . 1 8 1 6 . 2 7 1 6 . 2 8 0 . 0 6 5 6 1 6 . 2 9 5 0 F 2 1 4 . 8 6 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 6 1 4 . 8 5 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 4 . 8 4 1 0 0 F 2 1 4 . 2 9 1 4 . 3 0 1 4 . 2 9 1 4 . 2 9 1 4 . 2 7 1 4 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 4 . 2 8 1 5 0 F 2 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 8 6 1 3 . 8 6 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 3 . 8 6 2 0 0 F 2 1 3 . 7 4 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 7 4 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 3 . 7 3 2 5 0 F 2 1 3 . 5 9 1 3 . 6 0 1 3 . 5 9 1 3 . 5 7 1 3 . 6 0 1 3 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 3 . 5 9 3 0 0 F 2 1 3 . 5 9 1 3 . 6 0 1 3 . 5 9 1 3 . 5 7 1 3 . 6 0 1 3 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 3 . 5 9 3 5 0 F 2 1 3 . 4 2 1 3 . 4 2 1 3 . 4 0 1 3 . 4 4 1 3 . 4 1 1 3 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 3 . 4 2 4 0 0 F 2 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 3 0 1 3 . 3 1 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 3 0 4 5 0 F 2 1 3 . 2 1 1 3 . 2 0 1 3 . 2 0 1 3 . 1 8 1 3 . 1 9 1 3 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 3 . 1 9 5 0 0 F 2 1 3 . 0 9 1 3 . 0 6 1 3 . 0 8 1 3 . 0 8 1 3 . 0 8 1 3 . 0 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 3 . 0 8 5 5 0 F 2 1 2 . 9 9 1 2 . 9 9 1 3 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 2 . 9 9 1 3 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 0 0 6 0 0 F 2 1 2 . 9 3 1 2 . 9 2 1 2 . 9 3 1 2 . 9 3 1 2 . 9 2 1 2 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 2 . 9 3 6 5 0 F 2 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 7 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 9 7 1 2 . 8 5 7 0 0 F 2 1 2 . 8 0 1 2 . 8 0 1 2 . 8 1 1 2 . 8 1 1 2 . 8 2 1 2 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 2 . 8 1 7 5 0 F 2 1 2 . 7 5 1 2 . 7 6 1 2 . 7 6 1 2 . 7 6 1 2 . 7 6 1 2 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 7 6 8 0 0 F 2 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 2 . 6 7 8 5 0 F 2 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 2 . 5 8 9 0 0 F 2 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 7 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 5 8 1 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 2 . 5 8 9 5 0 F 2 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 5 4 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 2 . 5 5 1 0 0 0 F 2 1 2 . 5 4 1 2 . 5 3 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 3 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 2 . 5 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 3 9 9 T o o t h F 3 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 3 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 2 9 1 2 . 1 5 1 2 . 2 7 1 2 . 2 3 1 2 . 2 3 0 . 0 6 7 4 1 2 . 2 5 5 0 F 3 1 1 . 5 7 1 1 . 6 1 1 1 . 5 8 1 1 . 5 9 1 1 . 5 7 1 1 . 5 9 0 . 0 1 5 2 1 1 . 5 9 1 0 0 F 3 1 1 . 1 9 1 1 . 1 9 1 1 . 1 8 1 1 . 2 4 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 2 6 0 . 0 3 2 7 1 1 . 2 2 1 5 0 F 3 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 0 2 1 0 . 9 9 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 1 . 0 1 2 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 0 . 9 4 2 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 3 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 3 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 6 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 0 . 7 7 4 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 7 1 1 0 . 7 1 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 1 1 0 . 7 1 1 0 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 0 . 7 1 4 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 6 1 5 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 5 7 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 0 . 5 8 5 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 5 3 6 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 4 2 6 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 3 9 1 0 . 3 9 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 4 0 7 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 6 0 1 0 . 3 6 7 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 3 3 8 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 6 1 0 . 2 6 1 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 2 6 8 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 1 6 9 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 1 6 9 5 0 F 3 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 0 0 F 3 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 0 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 0 T o o t h G 1 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 1 1 2 . 9 5 1 2 . 9 7 1 3 . 0 2 1 2 . 9 0 1 2 . 9 9 1 2 . 9 7 0 . 0 4 0 3 1 2 . 9 7 5 0 G 1 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 0 6 1 2 . 0 5 1 2 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 2 . 0 6 1 0 0 G 1 1 1 . 8 4 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 1 . 8 2 1 5 0 G 1 1 1 . 6 7 1 1 . 6 8 1 1 . 7 0 1 1 . 7 0 1 1 . 7 0 1 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 1 . 6 9 2 0 0 G 1 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 5 9 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 5 8 1 1 . 5 9 1 1 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 1 . 5 9 2 5 0 G 1 1 1 . 4 2 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 2 1 1 . 4 1 1 1 . 4 2 1 1 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 1 . 4 2 3 0 0 G 1 1 1 . 3 2 1 1 . 3 2 1 1 . 3 2 1 1 . 3 2 1 1 . 3 2 1 1 . 3 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 . 3 2 3 5 0 G 1 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 2 2 4 0 0 G 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 . 1 1 4 5 0 G 1 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 . 0 3 5 0 0 G 1 1 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 9 6 5 5 0 G 1 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 3 1 0 . 8 3 1 0 . 8 3 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 0 . 8 3 6 0 0 G 1 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 7 6 6 5 0 G 1 1 0 . 7 3 1 0 . 7 3 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 0 . 7 3 7 0 0 G 1 1 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 6 6 1 0 . 6 5 1 0 . 6 6 1 0 . 6 4 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 0 . 6 6 7 5 0 G 1 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 5 9 8 0 0 G 1 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 3 1 0 . 5 4 1 0 . 5 3 1 0 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 5 3 8 5 0 G 1 1 0 . 5 1 1 0 . 5 1 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 5 1 9 0 0 G 1 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 7 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 0 . 4 8 9 5 0 G 1 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 0 0 G 1 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 1 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 0 . 4 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 1 T o o t h G 2 g H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 2 1 5 . 1 1 1 5 . 0 3 1 5 . 1 0 1 5 . 1 3 1 5 . 0 7 1 5 . 1 3 0 . 0 3 8 9 1 5 . 1 0 5 0 G 2 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 8 6 1 3 . 8 5 1 3 . 8 5 1 3 . 8 5 1 3 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 3 . 8 6 1 0 0 G 2 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 2 8 1 3 . 2 9 1 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 2 9 1 5 0 G 2 1 2 . 8 8 1 2 . 8 9 1 2 . 8 9 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 9 0 1 2 . 9 0 0 . 0 1 8 7 1 2 . 8 9 2 0 0 G 2 1 2 . 6 0 1 2 . 6 3 1 2 . 6 1 1 2 . 6 2 1 2 . 6 3 1 2 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 6 2 2 5 0 G 2 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 2 . 3 9 3 0 0 G 2 1 2 . 1 8 1 2 . 1 7 1 2 . 1 8 1 2 . 1 8 1 2 . 1 7 1 2 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 1 8 3 5 0 G 2 1 1 . 9 6 1 1 . 9 7 1 2 . 0 0 1 1 . 9 8 1 1 . 9 9 1 1 . 9 6 0 . 0 1 6 3 1 1 . 9 8 4 0 0 G 2 1 1 . 8 7 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 4 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 1 . 8 5 4 5 0 G 2 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 3 1 1 . 7 3 1 1 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 7 2 5 0 0 G 2 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 6 1 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 1 . 6 0 5 5 0 G 2 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 1 . 4 4 6 0 0 G 2 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 4 1 1 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 1 . 3 4 6 5 0 G 2 1 1 . 2 5 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 5 1 1 . 2 6 1 1 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 1 . 2 6 7 0 0 G 2 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 5 1 1 . 1 5 1 1 . 1 5 1 1 . 1 5 1 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 1 . 1 5 7 5 0 G 2 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 . 9 1 8 0 0 G 2 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 1 . 0 3 8 5 0 G 2 1 0 . 8 1 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 1 1 0 . 8 1 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 8 1 9 0 0 G 2 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 8 1 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 7 9 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 7 7 9 5 0 G 2 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 1 1 0 . 7 0 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 0 0 G 2 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 7 2 1 0 . 6 0 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 2 T o o t h G 3 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 3 1 4 . 8 5 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 7 8 0 . 0 5 6 8 1 4 . 7 8 5 0 G 3 1 3 . 9 0 1 3 . 8 7 1 3 . 9 0 1 3 . 8 9 1 3 . 9 1 1 3 . 8 9 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 3 . 8 9 1 0 0 G 3 1 3 . 4 6 1 3 . 4 5 1 3 . 4 7 1 3 . 4 6 1 3 . 4 6 1 3 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 3 . 4 6 1 5 0 G 3 1 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 1 0 1 3 . 1 0 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 1 4 0 . 0 4 6 5 1 3 . 1 3 2 0 0 G 3 1 2 . 8 7 1 2 . 8 9 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 6 1 2 . 8 7 1 2 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 2 . 8 7 2 5 0 G 3 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 5 1 2 . 6 5 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 1 2 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 2 . 6 7 3 0 0 G 3 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 2 . 5 1 3 5 0 G 3 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 2 . 3 8 4 0 0 G 3 1 2 . 2 5 1 2 . 2 6 1 2 . 2 5 1 2 . 2 5 1 2 . 2 6 1 2 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 2 . 2 5 4 5 0 G 3 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 1 0 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 2 . 1 1 5 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 9 6 1 1 . 9 7 1 1 . 9 6 1 1 . 9 8 1 1 . 9 6 1 1 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 9 7 5 5 0 G 3 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 2 1 1 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 1 . 8 2 6 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 7 3 1 1 . 7 4 1 1 . 7 3 1 1 . 7 4 1 1 . 7 5 1 1 . 7 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 1 . 7 4 6 5 0 G 3 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 5 1 1 . 6 4 1 1 . 6 5 1 1 . 6 5 1 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 6 5 7 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 5 5 1 1 . 5 6 1 1 . 5 6 1 1 . 5 6 1 1 . 5 7 1 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 1 . 5 6 7 5 0 G 3 1 1 . 4 7 1 1 . 4 7 1 1 . 4 8 1 1 . 4 7 1 1 . 4 8 1 1 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 4 7 8 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 3 9 1 1 . 4 0 1 1 . 4 0 1 1 . 4 0 1 1 . 4 1 1 1 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 1 . 4 0 8 5 0 G 3 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 6 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 1 . 3 5 9 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 . 3 0 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 . 3 0 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 3 1 9 5 0 G 3 1 1 . 2 8 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 6 1 1 . 2 6 1 1 . 2 7 1 1 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 2 7 1 0 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 2 4 1 1 . 2 4 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 2 4 1 1 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 2 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 3 T o o t h H 1 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 1 1 2 . 3 1 1 2 . 2 9 1 2 . 2 9 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 2 2 1 2 . 2 2 0 . 0 3 8 7 1 2 . 2 7 5 0 H 1 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 0 0 H 1 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 6 5 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 0 . 6 3 1 5 0 H 1 1 0 . 4 5 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 4 4 2 0 0 H 1 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 1 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 3 1 2 5 0 H 1 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 2 3 3 0 0 H 1 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 1 0 1 0 . 1 7 3 5 0 H 1 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 0 6 4 0 0 H 1 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 9 . 9 4 4 5 0 H 1 9 . 8 4 9 . 8 4 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 2 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 8 3 5 0 0 H 1 9 . 7 2 9 . 7 1 9 . 7 2 9 . 7 2 9 . 7 2 9 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 4 1 9 . 7 2 5 5 0 H 1 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 9 . 6 3 6 0 0 H 1 9 . 5 8 9 . 5 9 9 . 5 8 9 . 5 8 9 . 5 7 9 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 5 8 6 5 0 H 1 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 2 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 5 3 7 0 0 H 1 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 0 9 . 4 9 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 4 9 7 5 0 H 1 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 4 3 8 0 0 H 1 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 9 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 9 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 3 9 8 5 0 H 1 9 . 3 4 9 . 3 2 9 . 3 4 9 . 3 2 9 . 3 3 9 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 3 3 9 0 0 H 1 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 9 . 2 8 9 5 0 H 1 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 9 . 2 4 1 0 0 0 H 1 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 2 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 4 T o o t h H 2 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 2 1 1 . 6 3 1 1 . 6 2 1 1 . 6 9 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 4 1 1 . 6 8 0 . 0 9 6 9 1 1 . 7 2 5 0 H 2 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 2 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 1 . 2 2 1 0 0 H 2 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 0 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 4 0 . 0 2 4 2 1 0 . 9 2 1 5 0 H 2 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 6 1 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 6 4 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 2 2 3 1 0 . 6 1 2 0 0 H 2 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 3 1 0 . 5 3 1 0 . 5 3 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 0 . 5 4 2 5 0 H 2 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 4 1 3 0 0 H 2 1 0 . 3 0 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 0 . 3 2 3 5 0 H 2 1 0 . 1 9 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 1 9 4 0 0 H 2 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 0 . 0 1 4 5 0 H 2 9 . 8 1 9 . 8 2 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 8 2 5 0 0 H 2 9 . 7 7 9 . 7 6 9 . 7 6 9 . 7 7 9 . 7 5 9 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 7 6 5 5 0 H 2 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 1 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 2 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 6 2 6 0 0 H 2 9 . 6 0 9 . 6 0 9 . 6 1 9 . 5 9 9 . 5 8 9 . 5 7 0 . 0 1 4 7 9 . 5 9 6 5 0 H 2 9 . 5 2 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 9 . 5 4 7 0 0 H 2 9 . 4 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 5 0 9 . 4 9 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 6 3 9 . 4 9 7 5 0 H 2 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 8 4 9 . 4 3 8 0 0 H 2 9 . 3 5 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 6 9 . 3 4 9 . 3 6 9 . 3 4 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 3 5 8 5 0 H 2 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 2 7 9 0 0 H 2 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 2 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 5 5 9 . 2 2 9 5 0 H 2 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 1 9 9 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 9 . 2 0 1 0 0 0 H 2 9 . 1 7 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 9 . 1 6 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 5 T o o t h H 3 , H e i g h t i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 3 1 5 . 2 2 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 2 0 1 5 . 1 9 1 5 . 1 6 1 5 . 1 2 0 . 0 3 5 2 1 5 . 1 8 5 0 H 3 1 4 . 0 7 1 4 . 0 6 1 4 . 0 4 1 4 . 0 4 1 4 . 0 6 1 4 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 4 . 0 5 1 0 0 H 3 1 3 . 5 7 1 3 . 5 7 1 3 . 5 8 1 3 . 5 8 1 3 . 5 8 1 3 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 8 1 5 0 H 3 1 3 . 2 2 1 3 . 2 4 1 3 . 2 3 1 3 . 2 0 1 3 . 2 0 1 3 . 3 0 0 . 0 3 7 1 1 3 . 2 3 2 0 0 H 3 1 3 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 0 1 3 . 0 5 1 3 . 0 5 1 3 . 0 2 1 3 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 2 5 1 3 . 0 2 2 5 0 H 3 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 3 1 2 . 8 2 1 2 . 8 5 1 2 . 8 4 1 2 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 2 . 8 4 3 0 0 H 3 1 2 . 7 8 1 2 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 8 1 2 . 7 8 1 2 . 7 7 1 2 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 7 8 3 5 0 H 3 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 5 2 4 0 0 H 3 1 2 . 3 0 1 2 . 2 9 1 2 . 2 9 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 2 . 2 9 4 5 0 H 3 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 . 0 7 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 . 0 9 1 2 . 0 8 1 2 . 0 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 2 . 0 8 5 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 3 1 1 . 9 3 1 1 . 9 2 1 1 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 1 . 9 3 5 5 0 H 3 1 1 . 7 4 1 1 . 7 3 1 1 . 7 5 1 1 . 7 7 1 1 . 7 7 1 1 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 9 7 1 1 . 7 6 6 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 6 5 1 1 . 6 6 1 1 . 6 7 1 1 . 6 7 1 1 . 6 6 1 1 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 6 6 6 5 0 H 3 1 1 . 5 9 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 6 1 1 1 . 5 9 1 1 . 5 9 1 1 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 6 0 7 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 5 4 1 1 . 5 3 1 1 . 5 3 1 1 . 5 4 1 1 . 5 3 1 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 1 . 5 4 7 5 0 H 3 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 6 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 4 5 8 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 3 5 1 1 . 3 8 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 8 1 1 . 3 9 1 1 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 1 . 3 8 8 5 0 H 3 1 1 . 2 9 1 1 . 3 0 1 1 . 3 0 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 . 2 9 1 1 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 3 0 9 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 2 5 1 1 . 2 5 1 1 . 2 4 1 1 . 2 4 1 1 . 2 5 1 1 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 1 . 2 5 9 5 0 H 3 1 1 . 1 9 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 1 . 2 1 1 0 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 1 8 1 1 . 1 9 0 . 0 2 8 1 1 1 . 1 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 6 T o o t h A 4 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 4 3 . 6 0 3 . 6 5 3 . 3 9 3 . 4 2 3 . 4 3 3 . 5 0 0 . 1 0 5 7 3 . 5 0 5 0 A 4 3 . 4 3 3 . 4 9 3 . 4 9 3 . 4 9 3 . 4 9 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 2 5 6 3 . 4 8 1 0 0 A 4 3 . 4 8 3 . 4 8 3 . 4 9 3 . 5 0 3 . 4 8 3 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 4 9 1 5 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 3 1 3 . 3 0 3 . 2 9 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 3 0 2 0 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 3 1 3 . 3 0 3 . 2 9 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 3 0 2 5 0 A 4 3 . 3 0 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 0 5 3 . 3 0 3 0 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 3 5 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 4 0 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 4 5 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 5 0 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 5 5 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 6 0 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 6 5 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 7 0 0 A 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 9 8 3 . 2 9 7 5 0 A 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 7 8 0 0 A 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 7 8 5 0 A 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 7 9 0 0 A 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 7 9 5 0 A 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 7 1 0 0 0 A 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 7 T o o t h B 4 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 4 3 . 4 6 3 . 5 3 3 . 5 8 3 . 5 8 3 . 4 4 3 . 5 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 3 . 5 2 5 0 B 4 3 . 2 1 3 . 2 2 3 . 2 3 3 . 2 2 3 . 2 2 3 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 2 2 1 0 0 B 4 3 . 2 0 3 . 2 1 3 . 2 2 3 . 2 0 3 . 2 0 3 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 8 4 3 . 2 1 1 5 0 B 4 3 . 1 9 3 . 1 9 3 . 1 8 3 . 1 8 3 . 1 8 3 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 3 . 1 8 2 0 0 B 4 3 . 1 6 3 . 1 6 3 . 1 4 3 . 1 4 3 . 1 7 3 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 2 1 3 . 1 5 2 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 3 . 0 6 3 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 3 . 0 6 3 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 3 . 0 6 4 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 4 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 5 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 5 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 6 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 6 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 7 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 7 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 8 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 8 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 9 0 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 9 5 0 B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 1 0 0 0 | B 4 3 . 0 0 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 2 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 3 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 6 3 3 . 0 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 8 T o o t h C 4 , H e i g h t i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 4 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 7 5 3 . 2 8 5 0 C 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 7 3 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 . 2 6 1 0 0 C 4 3 . 1 7 3 . 1 7 3 . 1 7 3 . 1 9 3 . 1 8 3 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 2 6 3 . 1 8 1 5 0 C 4 3 . 1 5 3 . 1 6 3 . 1 4 3 . 1 5 3 . 1 6 3 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 1 5 2 0 0 C 4 3 . 1 5 3 . 1 6 3 . 1 4 3 . 1 5 3 . 1 6 3 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 1 5 2 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 3 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 3 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 4 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 4 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 5 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 5 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 6 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 6 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 7 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 7 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 8 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 8 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 9 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 9 5 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 1 0 0 0 C 4 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 3 . 0 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 0 9 T o o t h D 4 , H e i g h t i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 4 2 . 9 6 2 . 9 1 2 . 8 8 2 . 8 8 2 . 8 8 2 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 1 3 2 . 9 0 — 1 5 0 D 4 2 . 8 5 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 8 0 2 . 7 9 0 . 0 2 1 4 2 . 8 1 1 0 0 D 4 2 . 7 3 2 . 7 3 2 . 7 2 2 . 7 3 2 . 7 2 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 7 3 1 5 0 D 4 2 . 6 9 2 . 7 0 2 . 6 9 2 . 6 9 2 . 6 9 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 0 0 D 4 2 . 6 9 2 . 7 0 2 . 6 9 2 . 6 9 2 . 6 9 2 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 6 0 2 . 7 0 2 5 0 D 4 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 6 6 3 0 0 D 4 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 6 6 3 5 0 D 4 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 6 6 4 0 0 D 4 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 6 6 4 5 0 D 4 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 5 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 4 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 4 2 . 6 2 5 0 0 D 4 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 5 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 4 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 4 2 . 6 2 5 5 0 D 4 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 5 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 4 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 4 2 . 6 2 6 0 0 D 4 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 5 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 4 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 4 2 . 6 2 6 5 0 D 4 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 5 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 4 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 4 2 . 6 2 7 0 0 D 4 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 3 2 . 6 5 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 4 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 3 4 2 . 6 2 7 5 0 D 4 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 7 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 6 2 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 2 . 5 5 8 0 0 D 4 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 7 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 6 2 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 2 . 5 5 8 5 0 D 4 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 7 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 6 2 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 2 . 5 5 9 0 0 D 4 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 7 2 . 5 5 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 6 2 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 2 . 5 5 9 5 0 D 4 2 . 5 3 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 2 . 5 4 1 0 0 0 D 4 2 . 5 3 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 2 . 5 4 2 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 2 . 5 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 0 T o o t h E 4 , H e i g h t i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 4 2 . 9 9 3 . 0 3 3 . 0 8 3 . 0 3 3 . 0 4 3 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 8 8 3 . 0 3 5 0 E 4 2 . 9 1 2 . 9 6 2 . 9 2 2 . 9 4 2 . 9 1 2 . 9 1 0 . 0 2 0 7 2 . 9 3 1 0 0 E 4 2 . 8 9 2 . 9 0 2 . 9 0 2 . 8 9 2 . 8 9 2 . 8 9 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 8 9 1 5 0 E 4 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 8 2 . 8 6 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 8 7 2 0 0 E 4 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 8 2 . 8 6 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 8 7 2 5 0 E 4 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 2 2 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 2 . 8 3 3 0 0 E 4 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 , 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 2 2 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 2 . 8 3 3 5 0 E 4 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 2 2 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 2 . 8 3 4 0 0 E 4 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 2 2 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 2 . 8 3 4 5 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 5 0 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 5 5 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 6 0 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 6 5 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 7 0 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 7 5 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 8 0 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 8 5 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 9 0 0 E 4 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 7 9 5 0 E 4 2 . 7 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 6 9 2 . 6 9 2 . 7 0 2 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 7 0 1 0 0 0 E 4 2 . 7 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 6 9 2 . 6 9 2 . 7 0 2 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 7 0 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 1 T o o t h F 4 , H e i g h t i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 4 2 . 3 8 2 . 3 5 2 . 3 5 2 . 3 5 2 . 3 3 2 . 3 6 0 . 0 1 6 3 2 . 3 5 5 0 F 4 2 . 3 0 2 . 2 9 2 . 2 8 2 . 2 8 2 . 2 9 2 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 2 . 2 9 1 0 0 F 4 2 . 2 5 2 . 2 5 2 . 2 6 2 . 2 6 2 . 2 5 2 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 2 5 1 5 0 F 4 2 . 2 3 2 . 2 1 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 3 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 3 8 2 . 2 2 2 0 0 F 4 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 . 2 2 2 5 0 F 4 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 2 . 1 9 2 . 1 9 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 2 0 3 0 0 F 4 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 2 . 1 9 2 . 1 9 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 2 0 3 5 0 F 4 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 2 . 1 9 2 . 1 9 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 2 0 4 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 4 5 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 5 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 5 5 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 6 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 6 5 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 ' 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 7 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 7 5 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 8 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 8 5 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 9 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 9 5 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 1 0 0 0 F 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 4 2 . 1 5 2 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 1 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 2 T o o t h G 4 , H e i g h t i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 4 1 . 7 1 1 . 7 4 1 . 7 1 1 . 7 1 1 . 7 5 1 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 7 6 1 . 7 3 5 0 G 4 1 . 6 3 1 . 6 4 1 . 6 4 1 . 6 3 1 . 6 3 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 . 6 4 1 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 8 1 . 5 7 1 . 6 0 1 . 6 1 1 . 5 8 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 1 6 4 1 . 5 9 1 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 6 1 . 5 8 1 . 5 7 1 . 5 7 1 . 5 7 1 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 . 5 7 2 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 6 1 . 5 7 1 . 5 7 1 . 5 6 1 . 5 7 1 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 . 5 7 2 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 3 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 3 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 4 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 4 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 5 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 5 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 6 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 6 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 7 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 7 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 8 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 8 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 9 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 9 5 0 G 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 5 4 1 0 0 0 G 4 1 . 5 2 1 . 5 2 1 . 5 1 1 . 5 2 1 . 5 2 1 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 . 5 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 3 T o o t h H 4 , H e i g h t i n m m l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 4 3 . 5 7 3 . 5 6 3 . 5 7 3 . 5 7 3 . 5 6 3 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 3 . 5 7 5 0 H 4 3 . 4 8 3 . 4 9 3 . 4 8 3 . 4 9 3 . 4 8 3 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 3 . 4 9 1 0 0 H 4 3 . 3 6 3 . 3 7 3 . 4 2 3 . 3 7 3 . 3 7 3 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 1 6 3 . 3 8 1 5 0 H 4 3 . 3 4 3 . 3 5 3 . 3 4 3 . 3 5 3 . 3 4 3 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 3 . 3 4 2 0 0 H 4 3 . 3 4 3 . 3 3 3 . 3 4 3 . 3 3 3 . 3 4 3 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 3 . 3 4 2 5 0 H 4 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 3 . 3 0 3 0 0 H 4 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 3 . 3 0 3 5 0 H 4 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 3 . 3 0 4 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 4 5 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 5 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 5 5 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 6 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 6 5 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 7 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 7 5 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 8 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 8 5 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 9 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 9 5 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 1 0 0 0 H 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 5 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 6 3 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 3 . 2 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 4 T o o t h A 1 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 8 . 5 1 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 3 0 . 0 2 2 3 8 . 5 2 8 . 4 1 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 9 0 . 0 3 2 7 8 . 3 7 8 . 2 8 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 4 8 . 2 5 8 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 7 5 8 . 2 5 8 . 2 1 8 . 1 9 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 0 8 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 2 1 8 . 0 9 8 . 1 0 8 . 1 0 8 . 0 8 8 . 0 9 8 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 0 9 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 6 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 1 8 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 7 2 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 6 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 1 8 . 0 3 0 . 0 1 7 2 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 6 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 8 7 8 . 0 4 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 4 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 9 4 7 . 8 6 7 . 8 8 7 . 8 8 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 9 7 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 7 9 7 . 8 7 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 7 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 7 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 7 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 7 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 7 3 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 9 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 6 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 6 0 . 0 1 1 0 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 4 7 . 6 2 7 . 6 4 7 . 6 0 7 . 6 3 7 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 5 2 7 . 6 3 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 4 7 . 4 5 7 . 4 8 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 6 0 7 . 4 6 7 . 3 9 7 . 4 2 7 . 4 0 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 0 5 7 . 4 1 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 5 7 . 3 3 7 . 3 3 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 5 2 7 . 3 3 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 5 7 . 3 3 7 . 3 3 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 5 2 7 . 3 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 5 T o o t h A 2 , W i d t h i n m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 2 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 6 1 3 . 5 4 1 3 . 5 4 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 8 3 1 3 . 5 3 : . I 5 0 A 2 1 1 . 6 3 1 1 . 6 2 1 1 . 6 2 1 1 . 6 2 1 1 . 5 7 1 1 . 6 1 0 . 0 2 1 4 1 1 . 6 1 1 0 0 A 2 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 1 . 0 3 1 5 0 A 2 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 3 3 2 0 0 A 2 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 1 9 . 8 3 9 . 7 9 9 . 7 9 9 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 7 9 9 . 8 1 2 5 0 A 2 9 . 6 2 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 6 3 3 0 0 A 2 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 1 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 2 9 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 5 2 3 5 0 A 2 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 9 9 . 3 0 0 . 0 2 2 5 9 . 2 7 4 0 0 A 2 8 . 9 6 8 . 9 7 8 . 9 7 8 . 9 6 8 . 9 5 8 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 9 6 4 5 0 A 2 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 3 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 6 4 5 0 0 A 2 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 0 8 . 3 8 8 . 3 9 8 . 3 9 0 . 0 1 7 9 8 . 4 0 5 5 0 A 2 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 2 2 6 0 0 A 2 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 1 8 . 0 1 8 . 0 0 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 0 1 6 5 0 A 2 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 5 7 . 8 4 7 . 8 5 7 . 8 6 7 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 4 7 7 . 8 6 7 0 0 A 2 7 . 7 0 7 . 7 0 7 . 7 0 7 . 7 0 7 . 7 0 7 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 7 . 7 0 7 5 0 A 2 7 . 5 8 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 8 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 7 . 5 7 8 0 0 A 2 7 . 5 0 7 . 5 0 7 . 4 9 7 . 5 1 7 . 4 9 7 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 5 0 8 5 0 A 2 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 2 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 . 4 2 9 0 0 A 2 7 . 3 9 7 . 3 9 7 . 3 9 7 . 3 9 7 . 3 8 7 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 7 . 3 9 9 5 0 A 2 7 . 3 0 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 0 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 3 1 1 0 0 0 A 2 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 1 7 . 2 7 7 . 2 7 7 . 2 9 7 . 2 8 0 . 0 1 8 3 7 . 2 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 6 T o o t h A 3 L W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 1 2 . 7 2 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 6 6 1 2 . 6 7 1 2 . 6 7 0 . 0 2 2 6 1 2 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 2 9 1 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 2 6 1 0 . 2 6 1 0 . 2 6 1 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 2 7 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 3 9 . 8 1 9 . 8 0 9 . 8 0 9 . 8 3 0 . 0 2 0 0 9 . 8 2 9 . 5 0 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 6 0 . 0 1 3 7 9 . 4 8 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 1 3 3 9 . 2 6 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 6 0 . 0 1 7 9 9 . 1 6 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 7 9 . 0 5 9 . 0 5 9 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 5 1 9 . 0 6 8 . 9 0 8 . 9 1 8 . 8 9 8 . 8 9 8 . 8 8 8 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 8 9 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 9 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 1 8 . 7 9 8 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 7 9 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 6 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 6 6 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 0 5 8 . 5 2 8 . 3 9 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 3 0 . 0 1 3 7 8 . 4 1 8 . 2 4 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 3 8 8 . 2 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 1 3 8 . 1 3 8 . 1 0 8 . 1 1 8 . 1 1 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 1 2 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 0 8 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 6 3 8 . 0 2 7 . 9 4 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 4 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 1 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 0 7 . 8 9 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 2 5 0 7 . 9 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 0 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 0 7 . 8 1 0 . 0 0 8 4 7 . 8 1 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 0 0 . 0 1 3 0 7 . 7 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 7 T o o t h B 1 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 6 . 9 4 6 . 9 6 6 . 8 8 6 . 8 5 6 . 9 1 6 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 9 8 6 . 9 1 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 2 6 . 5 8 6 . 5 8 6 . 5 7 6 . 5 7 0 . 0 2 6 4 6 . 5 9 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 8 6 . 4 7 6 . 4 8 6 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 9 8 6 . 4 7 6 . 4 1 6 . 4 0 6 . 4 3 6 . 4 0 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 9 0 6 . 4 0 6 . 3 7 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 7 6 . 3 6 6 . 3 7 6 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 6 3 6 . 3 7 6 . 3 1 6 . 3 0 6 . 3 1 6 . 2 7 6 . 3 0 6 . 2 9 0 . 0 1 5 1 6 . 3 0 6 . 2 8 6 . 2 8 6 . 2 7 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 2 1 6 . 2 7 6 . 2 8 6 . 2 8 6 . 2 7 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 2 1 6 . 2 7 6 . 1 9 6 . 1 8 6 . 1 7 6 . 1 7 6 . 1 8 6 . 1 9 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 . 1 8 6 . 1 5 6 . 1 6 6 . 1 6 6 . 1 5 6 . 1 6 6 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 6 . 1 5 6 . 1 4 6 . 1 5 6 . 1 4 6 . 1 4 6 . 1 4 6 . 1 4 0 . 0 0 4 1 6 . 1 4 6 . 0 9 6 . 0 8 6 . 0 8 6 . 0 7 6 . 0 8 6 . 0 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 0 8 6 . 0 0 6 . 0 1 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 9 0 . 0 1 0 3 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 9 6 . 0 0 6 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 5 . 9 9 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 6 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 5 5 . 9 3 5 . 9 3 5 . 9 2 5 . 9 3 5 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 5 . 9 3 5 . 9 1 5 . 9 0 5 . 9 1 5 . 8 8 5 . 8 9 5 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 6 3 5 . 8 9 5 . 9 1 5 . 9 0 5 . 9 1 5 . 8 8 5 . 8 9 5 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 6 3 5 . 8 9 5 . 9 1 5 . 9 0 5 . 9 1 5 . 8 8 5 . 8 9 5 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 6 3 5 . 8 9 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 7 ' 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 5 . 8 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 8 T o o t h B 2 , W i d t h i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 2 1 2 . 0 7 1 1 . 9 8 1 2 . 1 5 1 2 . 1 6 1 1 . 9 5 1 2 . 1 1 0 . 0 8 7 9 1 2 . 0 7 5 0 B 2 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 0 . 3 4 1 0 0 B 2 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 8 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 5 0 . 0 1 4 1 9 . 8 7 1 5 0 B 2 9 . 6 2 9 . 6 2 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 1 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 6 2 2 0 0 B 2 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 5 9 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 6 3 9 . 4 6 2 5 0 B 2 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 5 9 . 3 6 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 4 9 . 3 3 0 . 0 1 6 3 9 . 3 5 3 0 0 B 2 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 9 . 2 9 3 5 0 B 2 9 . 1 9 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 7 9 . 1 7 9 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 1 7 4 0 0 B 2 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 1 9 . 1 1 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 3 9 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 1 2 4 5 0 B 2 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 5 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 5 9 . 0 4 9 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 0 4 5 0 0 B 2 8 . 9 7 9 . 0 0 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 0 8 . 9 8 8 . 9 9 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 . 9 9 5 5 0 B 2 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 9 8 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 9 0 6 0 0 B 2 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 8 4 6 5 0 B 2 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 8 1 7 0 0 B 2 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 9 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 . 7 7 7 5 0 B 2 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 7 4 8 0 0 B 2 8 . 7 2 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 0 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 2 6 8 . 7 0 8 5 0 B 2 8 . 7 2 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 0 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 2 6 8 . 7 0 9 0 0 B 2 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 6 8 9 5 0 B 2 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 3 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 6 5 1 0 0 0 B 2 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 3 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 6 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 1 9 T o o t h B 3 1 W i d t h i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 3 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 4 0 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 3 0 1 0 . 2 0 0 . 1 2 8 0 1 0 . 2 7 5 0 B 3 9 . 0 2 9 . 0 1 8 . 9 9 9 . 0 0 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 4 7 9 . 0 1 1 0 0 B 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 4 8 . 3 9 8 . 4 1 0 . 0 2 0 7 8 . 4 2 1 5 0 B 3 7 . 9 9 8 . 0 0 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 6 7 . 9 9 8 . 0 1 0 . 0 2 8 8 8 . 0 2 2 0 0 B 3 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 7 . 9 0 2 5 0 B 3 7 . 5 6 7 . 6 0 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 7 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 2 3 7 . 5 7 3 0 0 B 3 7 . 5 6 7 . 6 0 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 7 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 2 3 7 . 5 7 3 5 0 B 3 7 . 5 6 7 . 6 0 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 7 . 6 0 0 . 0 2 2 3 7 . 5 7 4 0 0 B B 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 7 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 7 7 . 4 5 7 . 4 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 . 4 6 4 5 0 B 3 7 . 1 6 7 . 1 5 7 . 1 9 7 . 1 7 7 . 1 8 7 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 4 7 7 . 1 7 5 0 0 B 3 7 . 0 0 6 . 9 9 7 . 0 2 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 4 6 . 9 6 0 . 0 3 1 4 6 . 9 8 5 5 0 B 3 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 0 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 8 1 6 0 0 B 3 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 0 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 8 1 6 5 0 B 3 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 7 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 6 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 4 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 6 5 7 0 0 B 3 6 . 5 5 6 . 5 6 6 . 5 4 6 . 5 3 6 . 5 6 6 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 2 1 6 . 5 5 7 5 0 B 3 6 . 4 7 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 4 0 . 0 1 0 5 6 . 4 6 8 0 0 B 3 6 . 0 4 6 . 0 5 6 . 0 4 6 . 0 2 6 . 0 3 6 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 4 7 6 . 0 3 8 5 0 B 3 5 . 9 2 5 . 9 2 5 . 9 3 5 . 9 2 5 . 9 1 5 . 9 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 5 . 9 2 9 0 0 B 3 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 5 5 . 8 4 5 . 8 4 5 . 8 4 5 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 8 4 5 . 8 5 9 5 0 B 3 5 . 6 6 5 . 6 7 5 . 6 8 5 . 6 7 5 . 6 5 5 . 6 6 0 . 0 1 0 5 5 . 6 7 1 0 0 0 B 3 5 . 6 5 5 . 6 1 5 . 6 2 5 . 6 3 5 . 6 1 5 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 5 2 5 . 6 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 0 T o o t h C 1 L W i d t h i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C l 3 . 8 5 3 . 8 4 3 . 6 5 3 . 6 4 3 . 6 6 3 . 7 1 0 . 0 9 6 1 3 . 7 3 5 0 C l 3 . 5 1 3 . 5 2 3 . 5 6 3 . 4 8 3 . 5 1 3 . 5 5 0 . 0 2 9 3 3 . 5 2 1 0 0 C l 3 . 5 1 3 . 5 2 3 . 5 6 3 . 4 8 3 . 5 1 3 . 5 5 0 . 0 2 9 3 3 . 5 2 1 5 0 C l 3 . 4 5 3 . 4 7 3 . 5 0 3 . 5 0 3 . 4 9 3 . 4 7 0 . 0 2 0 0 3 . 4 8 2 0 0 C l 3 . 4 2 3 . 4 0 3 . 4 0 3 . 3 9 3 . 4 1 3 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 4 1 3 . 4 0 2 5 0 C l 3 . 2 8 3 . 2 9 3 . 2 9 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 0 3 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 3 . 2 9 3 0 0 C l 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 3 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 3 . 2 4 3 5 0 C l 3 . 1 5 3 . 1 7 3 . 1 7 3 . 1 3 3 . 1 4 3 . 1 3 0 . 0 1 8 3 3 . 1 5 4 0 0 C l 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 3 . 0 7 4 5 0 C l 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 7 3 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 5 5 3 . 0 7 5 0 0 C l 2 . 9 5 2 . 9 8 2 . 9 7 2 . 9 6 2 . 9 8 2 . 9 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 2 . 9 7 5 5 0 C l 2 . 9 1 2 . 8 8 2 . 9 0 2 . 9 2 2 . 8 9 2 . 9 0 0 . 0 1 4 1 2 . 9 0 6 0 0 C l 2 . 8 6 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 5 2 . 8 5 2 . 8 6 2 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 8 6 6 5 0 C l 2 . 8 2 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 3 2 . 8 1 2 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 2 . 8 2 7 0 0 C l 2 . 8 0 2 . 7 9 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 9 2 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 2 . 7 9 7 5 0 C l 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 8 2 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 6 3 2 . 7 8 8 0 0 C l 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 5 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 5 2 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 2 . 7 6 8 5 0 C 1 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 5 2 . 7 6 2 . 7 7 2 . 7 5 2 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 2 . 7 6 9 0 0 C l 2 . 7 2 2 . 7 0 2 . 7 2 2 . 7 0 2 . 7 3 2 . 7 0 0 . 0 1 3 3 2 . 7 1 9 5 0 C l 2 . 6 3 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 0 2 . 5 8 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 7 2 2 . 6 0 1 0 0 0 C l 2 . 6 0 2 . 6 0 2 . 5 8 2 . 5 9 2 . 6 0 2 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 9 7 2 . 5 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 1 T o o t h C 2 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 2 1 1 . 8 9 1 1 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 7 1 1 . 8 3 1 1 . 8 0 1 1 . 8 5 0 . 0 3 1 3 1 1 . 8 5 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 7 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 1 6 3 1 0 . 4 8 1 5 0 C 2 1 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 0 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 9 1 0 . 2 0 1 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 0 . 2 0 2 0 0 C 2 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 0 2 2 5 0 C 2 9 . 9 0 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 7 2 9 . 8 7 3 0 0 C 2 9 . 9 0 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 7 9 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 7 2 9 . 8 7 3 5 0 C 2 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 4 9 . 6 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 9 . 6 4 4 0 0 C 2 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 9 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 6 3 9 . 4 8 4 5 0 C 2 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 9 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 3 8 5 0 0 C 2 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 8 0 . 0 1 3 8 9 . 2 8 5 5 0 C 2 9 . 1 7 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 7 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 9 . 1 8 6 0 0 C 2 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 8 9 . 0 9 9 . 1 0 9 . 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 0 9 6 5 0 C 2 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 1 8 . 9 9 8 . 9 9 9 . 0 0 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 0 0 7 0 0 C 2 8 . 9 0 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 2 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 2 8 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 9 1 7 5 0 C 2 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 0 0 C 2 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 9 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 9 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 7 8 8 5 0 C 2 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 8 . 6 7 9 0 0 C 2 8 . 6 0 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 5 9 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 2 6 8 . 6 1 9 5 0 C 2 8 . 5 6 8 . 5 6 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 3 7 8 . 5 4 1 0 0 0 C 2 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 5 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 2 T o o t h C 3 , W i d t h i n m m l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 1 3 . 4 9 1 3 . 5 4 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 4 1 3 . 4 9 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 2 2 5 1 3 . 5 2 1 1 . 0 4 1 0 . 9 8 1 0 . 9 8 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 . 9 9 1 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 2 3 5 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 1 9 7 1 0 . 0 3 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 4 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 4 9 . 8 5 9 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 8 5 9 . 7 6 9 . 7 8 9 . 7 9 9 . 7 7 9 . 7 8 9 . 7 6 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 7 7 9 . 6 8 9 . 6 6 9 . 6 7 9 . 7 0 9 . 6 5 9 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 7 5 9 . 6 7 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 5 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 1 9 . 5 1 9 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 8 6 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 5 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 1 9 . 5 1 9 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 8 6 9 . 5 3 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 5 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 9 0 . 0 1 8 7 9 . 4 7 9 . 1 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 0 9 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 1 9 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 4 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 . 8 2 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 7 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 0 5 7 . 7 9 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 2 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 3 7 . 4 2 7 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 4 2 7 . 2 5 7 . 2 5 7 . 2 6 7 . 2 3 7 . 2 5 7 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 2 5 7 . 1 3 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 1 7 . 1 1 7 . 1 0 7 . 1 0 0 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 1 1 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 6 6 . 9 6 6 . 9 5 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 . 9 6 6 . 8 4 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 2 6 . 7 9 6 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 9 0 6 . 8 2 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 5 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 3 6 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 7 4 6 . 6 9 6 . 6 8 6 . 6 7 6 . 6 8 6 . 6 7 6 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 6 8 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 6 . 6 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 3 T o o t h D l , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 1 1 1 . 4 7 1 1 . 3 8 1 1 . 5 0 1 1 . 5 1 1 1 . 5 0 1 1 . 4 5 0 . 0 4 8 8 1 1 . 4 7 5 0 D 1 9 . 3 0 9 . 2 3 9 . 2 6 9 . 3 0 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 4 0 . 0 3 1 3 9 . 2 6 1 0 0 D 1 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 6 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 4 7 1 5 0 D 1 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 1 8 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 . 0 2 2 0 0 D 1 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 4 7 7 . 8 0 2 5 0 D 1 7 . 6 3 7 . 6 3 7 . 6 3 7 . 6 3 7 . 6 4 ' 7 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 6 0 7 . 6 4 3 0 0 D 1 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 5 6 3 5 0 D 1 7 . 4 0 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 1 7 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 7 . 4 1 4 0 0 D 1 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 2 7 . 3 0 7 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 3 1 4 5 0 D 1 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 4 7 . 1 4 7 . 1 3 7 . 1 1 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 1 3 5 0 0 D 1 7 . 0 0 6 . 9 9 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 7 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 9 8 5 5 0 D 1 6 . 8 4 6 . 8 4 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 4 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 6 . 8 3 6 0 0 D 1 6 . 7 5 6 . 7 6 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 3 6 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 4 1 6 . 7 4 6 5 0 D 1 6 . 6 0 6 . 5 9 6 . 5 8 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 0 6 . 5 9 0 . 0 1 0 5 6 . 6 0 7 0 0 D ] 6 . 5 2 6 . 5 2 6 . 4 9 6 . 5 0 6 . 5 2 6 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 2 6 6 . 5 1 7 5 0 D 1 6 . 4 1 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 9 6 . 3 7 6 . 3 7 6 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 5 1 6 . 3 8 8 0 0 D 1 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 5 6 . 2 3 6 . 2 3 6 . 2 0 0 . 0 2 3 2 6 . 2 4 8 5 0 D 1 6 . 1 0 6 . 0 7 6 . 0 9 6 . 1 0 6 . 0 9 6 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 1 0 6 . 0 9 9 0 0 D 1 5 . 9 5 5 . 9 6 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 5 5 . 9 6 5 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 5 . 9 6 9 5 0 D 1 5 . 8 1 5 . 7 9 5 . 8 1 5 . 8 0 5 . 8 2 5 . 7 9 0 . 0 1 2 1 5 . 8 0 1 0 0 0 D 1 5 . 6 6 5 . 6 7 5 . 6 8 5 . 6 6 5 . 6 7 5 . 6 6 0 . 0 0 8 2 5 . 6 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 4 T o o t h D 2 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 2 1 1 . 2 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 0 9 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 6 3 1 1 1 . 1 2 5 0 D 2 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 6 9 . 6 8 9 . 6 7 9 . 6 7 9 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 7 9 9 . 6 6 1 0 0 D 2 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 9 . 2 7 1 5 0 D 2 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 2 9 . 1 7 9 . 2 0 9 . 2 1 9 . 2 2 0 . 0 1 8 7 9 . 2 1 2 0 0 D 2 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 2 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 2 9 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 0 1 2 5 0 D 2 8 . 9 4 8 . 9 6 8 . 9 6 8 . 9 8 8 . 9 8 8 . 9 9 0 . 0 1 8 3 8 . 9 7 3 0 0 D 2 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 8 . 8 6 3 5 0 D 2 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 8 8 . 7 9 8 . 7 8 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 7 8 4 0 0 D 2 8 . 7 0 8 . 7 1 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 0 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 7 0 4 5 0 D 2 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 6 5 5 0 0 D 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 6 1 5 5 0 D 2 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 6 8 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 6 3 8 . 5 5 6 0 0 D 2 8 . 5 0 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 7 0 . 0 1 0 5 8 . 4 9 6 5 0 D 2 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 4 2 7 0 0 D 2 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 0 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 0 8 . 3 2 0 . 0 1 2 2 8 . 3 2 7 5 0 D 2 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 8 8 . 2 9 8 . 3 0 8 . 3 2 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 1 7 2 8 . 2 9 8 0 0 D 2 8 . 1 6 8 . 1 6 8 . 1 4 8 . 1 5 8 . 1 6 8 . 1 6 0 . 0 0 8 4 8 . 1 6 8 5 0 D 2 8 . 1 0 8 . 1 1 8 . 1 1 8 . 1 0 8 . 1 1 8 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 8 . 1 1 9 0 0 D 2 7 . 9 9 7 . 9 8 7 . 9 9 7 . 9 8 7 . 9 8 7 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 7 . 9 8 9 5 0 D 2 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 6 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 6 3 7 . 9 4 1 0 0 0 D 2 7 . 8 4 7 . 8 5 7 . 8 4 7 . 8 6 7 . 8 5 7 . 8 6 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 . 8 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 5 T o o t h D 3 , W i d t h i n m m I l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 3 1 3 . 0 2 1 2 . 9 9 1 2 . 8 9 1 2 . 8 7 1 3 . 0 1 1 2 . 9 9 0 . 0 6 4 6 1 2 . 9 6 5 0 D 3 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 6 7 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 0 D 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 0 . 0 1 6 4 1 0 . 1 4 1 5 0 D 3 9 . 6 9 9 . 6 8 9 . 6 5 9 . 6 9 9 . 6 8 9 . 6 6 0 . 0 1 6 4 9 . 6 8 2 0 0 D 3 9 . 4 1 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 9 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 9 9 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 4 0 2 5 0 D 3 9 . 2 8 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 . 2 8 3 0 0 D 3 9 . 1 3 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 1 9 . 1 3 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 8 9 9 . 1 2 3 5 0 D 3 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 2 9 . 0 2 8 . 9 9 8 . 9 8 9 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 0 9 . 0 1 4 0 0 D 3 8 . 9 3 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 9 8 . 9 1 8 . 8 9 8 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 5 2 8 . 9 1 4 5 0 D 3 8 . 8 0 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 9 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 7 0 . 0 1 6 4 8 . 7 8 5 0 0 D 3 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 4 0 . 0 1 3 8 8 . 7 6 5 5 0 D 3 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 5 8 8 . 5 8 8 . 5 8 8 . 5 7 0 . 0 2 0 0 8 . 5 9 6 0 0 D 3 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 1 0 8 . 5 4 6 5 0 D 3 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 8 . 5 3 7 0 0 D 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 8 . 4 2 7 5 0 D 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 8 . 4 2 8 0 0 D 3 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 6 8 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 8 . 3 6 i 8 5 0 D 3 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 7 8 . 3 6 8 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 8 . 3 6 9 0 0 D 3 8 . 3 6 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 3 5 9 5 0 D 3 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 0 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 0 0 . 0 1 6 7 8 . 3 2 1 0 0 0 D 3 8 . 3 1 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 0 8 . 3 1 8 . 2 9 8 . 3 1 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 3 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 6 T o o t h E 1 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a fl 0 E 1 2 . 9 0 3 . 0 3 2 . 6 7 2 . 8 1 2 . 7 4 2 . 7 7 0 . 1 2 8 1 2 . 8 2 5 0 E 1 2 . 3 8 2 . 4 1 2 . 3 7 2 . 4 1 2 . 4 1 2 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 4 2 . 3 9 1 0 0 E 1 2 . 3 8 2 . 4 1 2 . 3 7 2 . 4 1 2 . 4 1 2 . 3 7 0 . 0 2 0 4 2 . 3 9 1 5 0 E l 2 . 2 2 2 . 2 3 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 0 2 . 2 3 2 . 2 0 0 . 0 1 5 1 2 . 2 1 2 0 0 E 1 2 . 1 2 2 . 1 3 2 . 1 2 2 . 1 2 2 . 1 2 2 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 4 1 2 . 1 2 2 5 0 E 1 2 . 0 6 2 . 0 6 2 . 0 7 2 . 1 0 2 . 0 9 2 . 0 8 0 . 0 1 6 3 2 . 0 8 3 0 0 E 1 2 . 0 6 2 . 0 6 2 . 0 7 2 . 1 0 2 . 0 9 2 . 0 8 0 . 0 1 6 3 2 . 0 8 3 5 0 E 1 2 . 0 2 2 . 0 2 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 0 3 4 0 0 E l 2 . 0 2 2 . 0 2 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 0 3 4 5 0 E l 2 . 0 2 2 . 0 2 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 2 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 2 2 . 0 3 5 0 0 E 1 1 . 9 8 2 . 0 0 1 . 9 9 1 . 9 8 1 . 9 8 1 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 . 9 9 5 5 0 E 1 1 . 9 6 1 . 9 6 1 . 9 6 1 . 9 6 1 . 9 6 1 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 . 9 6 6 0 0 E 1 1 . 9 4 1 . 9 4 1 . 9 5 1 . 9 6 1 . 9 4 1 . 9 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 . 9 5 6 5 0 E 1 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 . 9 2 7 0 0 E 1 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 . 9 2 7 5 0 E 1 1 . 9 1 1 . 9 2 1 . 9 1 1 . 9 1 1 . 9 1 1 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 . 9 1 8 0 0 E 1 1 . 8 9 1 . 8 9 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 9 0 8 5 0 E 1 1 . 8 9 1 . 8 9 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 9 0 9 0 0 E 1 1 . 8 8 1 . 8 9 1 . 8 9 1 . 8 9 1 . 8 9 1 . 9 0 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 . 8 9 9 5 0 E l 1 . 8 7 1 . 8 7 1 . 8 7 1 . 8 8 1 . 8 8 1 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 . 8 7 1 0 0 0 | E 1 1 . 8 6 1 . 8 6 1 . 8 7 1 . 8 7 1 . 8 8 1 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 . 8 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 7 T o o t h E 2 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 2 7 . 5 9 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 4 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 0 0 . 0 9 5 0 7 . 7 8 5 0 E 2 6 . 4 4 6 . 4 6 6 . 5 1 6 . 5 0 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 9 0 . 0 2 8 8 6 . 4 8 1 0 0 E 2 6 . 3 0 6 . 2 9 6 . 3 1 6 . 2 8 6 . 3 0 6 . 3 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 3 0 1 5 0 E 2 5 . 8 0 5 . 8 1 5 . 7 8 5 . 8 0 5 . 8 1 5 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 3 7 5 . 8 0 2 0 0 E 2 5 . 7 1 5 . 7 2 5 . 7 3 5 . 6 9 5 . 7 1 5 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 5 2 5 . 7 2 2 5 0 E 2 5 . 3 0 5 . 3 1 5 . 3 1 5 . 3 1 5 . 3 0 5 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 5 2 5 . 3 1 3 0 0 E 2 5 . 2 2 5 . 2 3 5 . 2 2 5 . 2 3 5 . 2 2 5 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 5 . 2 3 3 5 0 E 2 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 3 5 . 0 3 5 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 5 . 0 4 4 0 0 E 2 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 4 5 . 0 3 5 . 0 3 5 . 0 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 5 . 0 4 4 5 0 E 2 4 . 8 5 4 . 8 1 4 . 8 3 4 . 8 6 4 . 8 6 4 . 8 5 0 . 0 1 9 7 4 . 8 4 5 0 0 E 2 4 . 8 5 4 . 8 1 4 . 8 3 4 . 8 6 4 . 8 6 4 . 8 5 0 . 0 1 9 7 4 . 8 4 5 5 0 E 2 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 3 4 . 6 9 4 . 6 9 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 4 . 7 1 6 0 0 E 2 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 3 4 . 6 9 4 . 6 9 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 4 . 7 1 6 5 0 E 2 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 3 4 . 6 9 4 . 6 9 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 4 . 7 1 7 0 0 E 2 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 3 4 . 6 9 4 . 6 9 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 4 . 7 1 7 5 0 E 2 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 3 4 . 6 9 4 . 6 9 4 . 7 1 4 . 7 2 0 . 0 1 6 0 4 . 7 1 8 0 0 E 2 4 . 6 8 4 . 6 8 4 . 6 5 4 . 6 8 4 . 6 8 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 4 . 6 7 8 5 0 E 2 4 . 6 2 4 . 6 3 4 . 6 2 4 . 6 3 4 . 6 1 4 . 6 1 0 . 0 0 8 9 4 . 6 2 9 0 0 E 2 4 . 4 6 4 . 4 6 4 . 4 7 4 . 4 8 4 . 5 1 4 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 8 6 4 . 4 8 9 5 0 E 2 4 . 4 6 4 . 4 6 4 . 4 7 4 . 4 8 4 . 5 1 4 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 8 6 4 . 4 8 1 0 0 0 E 2 4 . 4 6 4 . 4 6 4 . 4 7 4 . 4 8 4 . 5 1 4 . 4 8 0 . 0 1 8 6 4 . 4 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 8 T o o t h E 3 , W i d t h i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 3 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 6 0 1 1 . 5 8 1 1 . 5 5 1 1 . 5 7 1 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 7 9 9 1 1 . 6 0 - 5 0 E 3 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 2 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 0 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 7 6 9 . 5 2 1 0 0 E 3 8 . 8 9 8 . 8 6 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 8 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 9 4 8 . 8 9 1 5 0 E 3 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 8 . 8 2 2 0 0 E 3 8 . 7 2 8 . 7 2 8 . 7 0 8 . 7 1 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 7 2 2 5 0 E 3 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 6 8 . 5 6 8 . 5 7 8 . 5 8 0 . 0 1 4 1 8 . 5 6 3 0 0 E 3 8 . 5 1 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 5 0 3 5 0 E 3 8 . 5 1 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 5 0 4 0 0 E 3 8 . 5 1 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 5 0 4 5 0 E 3 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 5 8 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 7 2 8 . 4 6 5 0 0 E 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 4 3 5 5 0 E 3 8 . 2 4 8 . 2 4 8 . 2 4 8 . 2 3 8 . 2 2 8 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 2 3 6 0 0 E 3 8 . 1 0 8 . 1 1 8 . 1 0 8 . 1 1 8 . 0 9 8 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 1 0 6 5 0 E 3 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 6 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 6 8 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 2 6 8 . 0 5 7 0 0 E 3 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 6 7 . 9 4 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 7 7 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 7 . 9 5 7 5 0 E 3 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 3 8 7 . 9 3 8 0 0 E 3 7 . 9 1 7 . 8 9 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 9 0 8 5 0 E 3 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 9 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 8 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 8 8 9 0 0 E 3 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 4 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 8 3 9 5 0 E 3 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 8 2 1 0 0 0 E 3 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 8 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 2 9 T o o t h F 1 , W i d t h i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 1 9 . 2 2 9 . 3 0 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 9 9 . 3 9 0 . 0 6 8 5 9 . 3 4 1 : 5 0 F l 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 6 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 6 0 . 0 2 5 9 8 . 4 6 1 0 0 F 1 7 . 9 9 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 6 7 8 . 0 2 1 5 0 F 1 7 . 8 5 7 . 8 6 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 7 7 . 8 6 7 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 8 6 2 0 0 F 1 7 . 7 0 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 0 0 . 0 1 2 2 7 . 7 2 2 5 0 F 1 7 . 6 0 7 . 5 9 7 . 5 9 7 . 6 0 7 . 6 1 7 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 5 1 7 . 6 0 3 0 0 F 1 7 . 5 3 7 . 5 3 7 . 5 4 7 . 5 2 7 . 5 2 7 . 5 3 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 5 3 3 5 0 F 1 7 . 3 7 7 . 3 8 7 . 3 7 7 . 3 8 7 . 3 8 7 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 . 3 8 4 0 0 F 1 7 . 2 8 7 . 2 8 7 . 2 8 7 . 2 5 7 . 2 8 7 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 2 7 4 5 0 F 1 7 . 1 6 7 . 1 6 7 . 1 7 7 . 1 7 7 . 1 5 7 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 . 1 6 5 0 0 F 1 7 . 0 4 7 . 0 7 7 . 0 7 7 . 0 6 7 . 0 7 7 . 0 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 0 6 5 5 0 F 1 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 7 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 7 6 . 9 6 6 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 9 7 6 0 0 F 1 6 . 9 0 6 . 9 2 6 . 8 9 6 . 8 9 6 . 9 0 6 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 . 9 0 6 5 0 F 1 6 . 8 5 6 . 8 5 6 . 8 4 6 . 8 6 6 . 8 5 6 . 8 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 8 5 7 0 0 F 1 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 8 4 6 . 8 2 7 5 0 F 1 6 . 7 7 6 . 7 7 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 7 6 . 7 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 7 7 8 0 0 F 1 6 . 7 6 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 4 6 . 7 2 6 . 7 6 6 . 7 5 0 . 0 1 5 2 6 . 7 5 8 5 0 F 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 6 . 7 1 9 0 0 F 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 6 9 6 . 7 2 6 . 6 9 0 . 0 1 1 7 6 . 7 0 9 5 0 F 1 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 6 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 5 6 . 6 4 6 . 6 5 0 . 0 0 6 3 6 . 6 5 1 0 0 0 F 1 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 0 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 8 4 6 . 6 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 0 T o o t h F 2 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 2 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 5 5 1 2 . 5 5 0 . 0 2 5 6 1 2 . 5 3 5 0 F 2 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 4 7 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 6 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 0 . 4 7 1 0 0 F 2 9 . 8 6 9 . 8 4 9 . 7 5 9 . 7 6 9 . 7 7 9 . 7 7 0 . 0 4 6 2 9 . 7 9 1 5 0 F 2 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 5 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 5 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 4 4 2 0 0 F 2 9 . 1 0 9 . 1 0 9 . 0 9 9 . 1 1 9 . 1 2 9 . 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 9 . 1 0 2 5 0 F 2 9 . 0 0 9 . 0 2 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 0 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 0 1 3 0 0 F 2 8 . 9 0 8 . 8 8 8 . 9 1 8 . 8 8 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 . 9 0 3 5 0 F 2 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 2 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 8 . 7 3 4 0 0 F 2 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 4 1 8 . 5 2 4 5 0 F 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 6 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 9 8 8 . 3 5 5 0 0 F 2 8 . 2 5 8 . 2 5 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 8 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 2 6 5 5 0 F 2 8 . 1 5 8 . 1 2 8 . 1 3 8 . 1 4 8 . 1 5 8 . 1 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 1 4 6 0 0 F 2 8 . 0 6 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 4 8 . 0 5 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 4 0 . 0 1 0 5 8 . 0 5 6 5 0 F 2 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 6 7 . 9 6 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 7 7 . 9 6 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 9 6 7 0 0 F 2 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 7 . 9 2 7 5 0 F 2 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 2 7 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 8 1 8 0 0 F 2 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 7 . 7 2 8 5 0 F 2 7 . 6 4 7 . 6 2 7 . 6 4 7 . 6 2 7 . 6 5 7 . 6 3 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 6 3 9 0 0 F 2 7 . 5 9 7 . 5 9 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 8 0 . 0 1 2 1 7 . 5 8 9 5 0 F 2 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 5 7 . 5 2 7 . 5 4 7 . 5 4 7 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 3 3 7 . 5 4 1 0 0 0 | F 2 7 . 5 0 7 . 5 0 7 . 4 9 7 . 5 0 7 . 4 9 7 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 7 . 4 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 1 T o o t h F 3 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 4 3 5 0 F 3 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 5 9 . 4 6 9 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 9 . 4 6 1 0 0 F 3 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 1 6 1 5 0 F 3 9 . 0 1 8 . 9 8 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 3 9 . 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 4 9 . 0 2 2 0 0 F 3 8 . 9 2 8 . 9 2 8 . 9 3 8 . 9 3 8 . 9 2 8 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 5 5 8 . 9 3 2 5 0 F 3 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 8 5 3 0 0 F 3 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 8 5 3 5 0 F 3 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 3 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 2 8 . 8 2 0 . 0 0 4 1 8 . 8 2 4 0 0 F 3 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 4 8 . 7 7 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 6 8 . 7 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 8 . 7 6 4 5 0 F 3 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 6 8 5 0 0 F 3 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 6 8 5 5 0 F 3 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 1 5 5 8 . 6 5 6 0 0 F 3 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 0 5 2 8 . 6 2 6 5 0 F 3 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 1 8 . 5 9 8 . 6 0 8 . 5 9 0 . 0 1 2 1 8 . 6 0 7 0 0 F 3 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 8 8 . 5 7 8 . 6 0 8 . 5 7 8 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 3 8 8 . 5 9 7 5 0 F 3 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 5 8 . 5 6 8 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 0 5 8 . 5 5 8 0 0 F 3 8 . 5 2 8 . 5 1 8 . 5 3 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 4 8 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 4 7 8 . 5 3 8 5 0 F 3 8 . 4 6 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 8 4 8 . 4 8 9 0 0 F 3 8 . 4 6 8 . 4 5 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 5 8 . 4 4 0 . 0 1 0 5 8 . 4 5 9 5 0 F 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 5 8 . 4 5 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 4 8 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 4 4 1 0 0 0 F 3 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 4 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 2 T o o t h G 1 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G I 8 . 6 6 8 . 6 5 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 2 8 . 6 2 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 . 6 3 . q 5 0 G 1 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 4 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 5 7 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 7 . 9 4 1 0 0 G 1 7 . 6 9 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 7 7 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 8 4 7 . 6 8 1 5 0 G 1 7 . 5 7 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 4 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 6 7 . 5 6 0 . 0 0 9 8 7 . 5 6 2 0 0 G 1 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 4 7 . 4 6 7 . 4 5 7 . 4 5 7 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 . 4 5 2 5 0 G 1 7 . 3 3 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 0 7 . 3 1 7 . 3 5 7 . 3 5 0 . 0 2 1 7 7 . 3 3 3 0 0 G 1 7 . 2 7 7 . 2 3 7 . 2 4 7 . 2 5 7 . 2 5 7 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 4 1 7 . 2 5 3 5 0 G 1 7 . 1 7 7 . 1 6 7 . 1 7 7 . 1 9 7 . 1 8 7 . 1 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 1 7 4 0 0 G 1 7 . 1 0 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 0 7 . 1 1 7 . 1 2 7 . 1 1 0 . 0 0 8 9 7 . 1 1 4 5 0 G 1 7 . 0 2 7 . 0 0 7 . 0 2 6 . 9 8 6 . 9 9 6 . 9 8 0 . 0 1 8 3 7 . 0 0 5 0 0 G 1 6 . 9 4 6 . 9 4 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 6 6 . 9 2 6 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 3 3 6 . 9 4 5 5 0 G I 6 . 8 2 6 . 8 1 6 . 8 2 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 9 6 . 8 0 0 . 0 1 6 3 6 . 8 0 6 0 0 G 1 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 1 6 . 7 2 6 . 7 0 6 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 3 7 6 . 7 0 6 5 0 G 1 6 . 6 6 6 . 6 8 6 . 6 6 6 . 6 7 6 . 6 7 6 . 6 4 0 . 0 1 3 7 6 . 6 6 7 0 0 G 1 6 . 6 3 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 0 6 . 6 0 6 . 6 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 6 . 6 1 7 5 0 G 1 6 . 5 7 6 . 5 5 6 . 5 4 6 . 5 4 6 . 5 7 6 . 5 8 0 . 0 1 7 2 6 . 5 6 8 0 0 G 1 6 . 5 1 6 . 5 3 6 . 5 1 6 . 5 0 6 . 5 1 6 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 5 1 8 5 0 G 1 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 7 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 7 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 . 4 6 9 0 0 G 1 6 . 4 4 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 8 2 6 . 4 5 9 5 0 G 1 6 . 4 4 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 5 6 . 4 6 6 . 4 6 0 . 0 0 8 2 6 . 4 5 1 0 0 0 1 G 1 6 . 4 3 6 . 4 3 6 . 4 2 6 . 4 5 6 . 3 9 6 . 4 0 0 . 0 2 1 9 6 . 4 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 3 T o o t h G 2 , W i d t h i n m m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 2 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 1 5 5 0 G 2 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 5 8 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 7 4 1 0 0 G 2 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 6 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 2 0 . 0 1 5 1 8 . 3 3 1 5 0 G 2 7 . 7 6 _ 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 1 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 5 7 . 7 6 0 . 0 1 9 4 7 . 7 4 2 0 0 G 2 7 . 5 2 7 . 5 3 7 . 5 1 7 . 5 1 7 . 5 0 7 . 5 1 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 5 1 2 5 0 G 2 7 . 2 4 7 . 2 1 7 . 2 6 7 . 2 8 7 . 2 7 7 . 2 6 0 . 0 2 5 0 7 . 2 5 3 0 0 G 2 7 . 0 5 7 . 0 6 7 . 0 6 7 . 0 8 7 . 0 7 7 . 0 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 0 6 3 5 0 G 2 6 . 9 5 6 . 9 4 6 . 9 3 6 . 9 2 6 . 9 3 6 . 9 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 6 . 9 3 4 0 0 G 2 6 . 7 0 6 . 6 9 6 . 6 9 6 . 6 8 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 0 5 6 . 7 0 4 5 0 G 2 6 . 7 0 6 . 6 9 6 . 6 9 6 . 6 8 6 . 7 0 6 . 7 1 0 . 0 1 0 5 6 . 7 0 5 0 0 G 2 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 0 6 . 6 0 6 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 6 . 6 1 5 5 0 G 2 6 . 3 8 6 . 7 0 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 6 6 . 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 3 6 . 4 3 6 0 0 G 2 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 5 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 6 6 . 2 7 6 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 2 6 6 5 0 G 2 6 . 1 4 6 . 1 6 6 . 1 5 6 . 1 3 6 . 1 2 6 . 1 3 0 . 0 1 4 7 6 . 1 4 7 0 0 G 2 6 . 0 7 6 . 0 5 6 . 0 6 6 . 0 7 6 . 0 5 6 . 0 6 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 . 0 6 7 5 0 G 2 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 5 2 5 . 9 7 8 0 0 G 2 5 . 9 3 5 . 9 4 5 . 9 2 5 . 9 0 5 . 8 9 5 . 9 0 0 . 0 1 9 7 5 . 9 1 8 5 0 G 2 5 . 8 5 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 6 5 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 5 . 8 7 9 0 0 G 2 5 . 8 4 5 . 8 4 5 . 8 5 5 . 8 3 5 . 8 5 5 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 1 7 5 . 8 4 9 5 0 G 2 5 . 7 7 5 . 7 6 5 . 7 6 5 . 7 7 5 . 7 7 5 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 5 . 7 6 1 0 0 0 G 2 5 . 7 4 5 . 7 6 5 . 7 3 5 . 7 5 5 . 7 4 5 . 7 5 0 . 0 1 0 5 5 . 7 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 4 T o o t h G 3 L W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 3 1 3 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 4 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 3 . 6 5 5 0 G 3 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 3 0 1 2 . 2 8 1 2 . 2 7 1 2 . 2 7 1 2 . 3 0 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 2 . 2 8 1 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 7 4 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 7 6 1 1 . 7 9 1 1 . 7 6 0 . 0 1 6 0 1 1 . 7 6 1 5 0 G 3 1 1 . 4 4 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 3 1 1 . 4 5 1 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 1 . 4 4 2 0 0 G 3 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 1 4 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 1 . 1 5 2 5 0 G 3 1 0 . 9 2 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 1 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 2 0 . 0 0 8 2 1 0 . 9 2 3 0 0 G 3 1 0 . 6 5 1 0 . 6 4 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 5 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 4 7 1 0 . 6 4 3 5 0 G 3 1 0 . 5 2 1 0 . 5 1 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 5 1 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 5 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 5 1 4 0 0 G 3 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 3 7 4 5 0 G 3 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 2 4 5 0 0 G 3 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 . 0 1 7 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 5 0 G 3 9 . 9 1 9 . 9 2 9 . 9 3 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 4 9 . 9 4 0 . 0 1 2 6 9 . 9 3 6 0 0 G 3 9 . 8 0 9 . 8 1 9 . 8 0 9 . 7 9 9 . 8 2 9 . 8 0 0 . 0 1 0 3 9 . 8 0 6 5 0 G 3 9 . 7 5 9 . 7 6 9 . 7 5 9 . 7 6 9 . 7 5 9 . 7 4 0 . 0 0 7 5 9 . 7 5 7 0 0 G 3 9 . 5 8 9 . 5 8 9 . 6 1 9 . 6 3 9 . 6 1 9 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 9 4 9 . 6 0 7 5 0 G 3 9 . 6 0 9 . 5 9 9 . 5 7 9 . 5 7 9 . 6 0 9 . 5 7 0 . 0 1 5 1 9 . 5 8 8 0 0 G 3 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 7 9 . 4 8 9 . 5 0 9 . 4 7 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 4 8 8 5 0 G 3 9 . 3 8 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 8 9 . 4 0 9 . 4 1 9 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 3 7 9 . 4 0 9 0 0 G 3 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 9 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 9 9 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 8 2 9 . 3 9 9 5 0 G 3 9 . 3 6 9 . 3 5 9 . 3 6 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 6 0 . 0 1 2 2 9 . 3 7 1 0 0 0 G 3 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 3 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 3 9 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 2 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 5 T o o t h H I L W i d t h i n m I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 1 9 . 5 5 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 1 9 . 4 8 9 . 4 8 9 . 5 3 0 . 0 3 0 2 9 . 5 2 5 0 H 1 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 0 0 . 0 1 5 2 7 . 7 3 1 0 0 H 1 7 . 1 0 7 . 1 0 7 . 1 3 7 . 1 3 7 . 1 3 7 . 1 2 0 . 0 1 4 7 7 . 1 2 1 5 0 H 1 6 . 8 0 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 9 6 . 7 8 6 . 7 9 6 . 7 7 0 . 0 1 0 5 6 . 7 9 2 0 0 H 1 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 1 6 . 6 2 6 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 6 . 6 1 2 5 0 H 1 6 . 4 7 6 . 4 9 6 . 4 9 6 . 4 8 6 . 4 7 6 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 6 . 4 8 3 0 0 H 1 6 . 3 9 6 . 3 9 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 8 6 . 3 8 0 . 0 0 5 2 6 . 3 8 3 5 0 H 1 6 . 2 5 6 . 2 3 6 . 2 4 6 . 2 5 6 . 2 5 6 . 2 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 6 . 2 4 4 0 0 H 1 6 . 1 4 6 . 1 3 6 . 1 2 6 . 1 2 6 . 1 2 6 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 8 4 6 . 1 3 4 5 0 H 1 5 . 9 7 5 . 9 8 6 . 0 0 5 . 9 8 5 . 9 6 5 . 9 7 0 . 0 1 3 7 5 . 9 8 5 0 0 H 1 5 . 8 8 5 . 9 0 5 . 8 9 5 . 8 9 5 . 8 7 5 . 8 8 0 . 0 1 0 5 5 . 8 9 5 5 0 H 1 5 . 7 9 5 . 7 9 5 . 7 7 5 . 7 7 5 . 7 8 5 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 5 . 7 8 6 0 0 H 1 5 . 6 9 5 . 7 1 5 . 6 9 5 . 7 0 5 . 7 0 5 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 8 2 5 . 7 0 6 5 0 H 1 5 . 6 2 5 . 6 1 5 . 6 1 5 . 5 9 5 . 5 9 5 . 5 9 0 . 0 1 3 3 5 . 6 0 7 0 0 H 1 5 . 5 5 5 . 5 5 5 . 5 5 5 . 5 5 5 . 5 5 5 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 . 5 5 7 5 0 H 1 5 . 4 9 5 . 4 7 5 . 4 9 5 . 4 8 5 . 4 7 5 . 4 8 0 . 0 0 8 9 5 . 4 8 8 0 0 H 1 5 . 4 5 5 . 4 4 5 . 4 4 5 . 4 3 5 . 4 3 5 . 4 3 0 . 0 0 8 2 5 . 4 4 8 5 0 H 1 5 . 3 9 5 . 3 6 5 . 3 7 5 . 3 7 5 . 3 7 5 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 5 . 3 7 9 0 0 H 1 5 . 3 1 5 . 3 1 5 . 3 2 5 . 3 3 5 . 3 2 5 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 8 9 5 . 3 2 9 5 0 H 1 5 . 3 1 5 . 2 9 5 . 2 8 5 . 2 8 5 . 3 0 5 . 2 9 0 . 0 1 1 7 5 . 2 9 1 0 0 0 H 1 5 . 2 6 5 . 2 6 5 . 2 6 5 . 2 6 5 . 2 6 5 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 5 . 2 6 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 6 T o o t h H 2 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 2 1 1 . 1 3 1 1 . 1 2 1 1 . 0 9 1 1 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 4 3 1 1 . 0 7 5 0 H 2 1 0 . 2 8 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 1 6 0 1 0 . 2 5 1 0 0 H 2 9 . 8 4 9 . 8 2 9 . 8 2 9 . 8 1 9 . 8 1 9 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 . 8 2 1 5 0 H 2 9 . 5 7 9 . 5 9 9 . 5 7 9 . 5 6 9 . 5 7 9 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 5 7 2 0 0 H 2 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 4 9 . 4 3 9 . 4 4 0 . 0 0 5 2 9 . 4 4 2 5 0 H 2 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 5 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 9 8 9 . 2 5 3 0 0 H 2 9 . 2 1 9 . 1 9 9 . 2 0 9 . 1 8 9 . 1 6 9 . 1 8 0 . 0 1 7 5 9 . 1 9 3 5 0 H 2 8 . 9 8 8 . 9 9 8 . 9 8 8 . 9 7 8 . 9 7 8 . 9 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 9 8 4 0 0 H 2 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 5 8 . 8 6 8 . 8 4 8 . 8 5 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 8 5 4 5 0 H 2 8 . 6 8 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 0 8 . 6 7 8 . 6 4 8 . 6 4 0 . 0 3 3 3 8 . 6 5 5 0 0 H 2 8 . 5 0 8 . 5 0 8 . 4 9 8 . 4 8 8 . 4 7 8 . 4 7 0 . 0 1 3 8 8 . 4 9 5 5 0 H 2 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 8 . 3 4 6 0 0 H 2 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 7 8 . 2 5 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 6 8 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 2 6 6 5 0 H 2 8 . 1 6 8 . 1 8 8 . 1 5 8 . 1 5 8 . 1 7 8 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 8 . 1 6 7 0 0 H 2 8 . 1 4 8 . 1 3 8 . 1 2 8 . 1 3 8 . 1 2 8 . 1 2 0 . 0 0 8 2 8 . 1 3 7 5 0 H 2 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 2 8 . 0 1 8 . 0 3 8 . 0 0 8 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 8 . 0 2 8 0 0 H 2 7 . 9 0 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 2 7 . 9 3 7 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 9 2 8 5 0 H 2 7 . 8 3 7 . 8 0 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 0 7 . 8 1 7 . 8 3 0 . 0 1 3 7 7 . 8 1 9 0 0 H 2 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 8 7 . 8 0 7 . 7 8 7 . 7 9 7 . 7 7 0 . 0 1 0 5 7 . 7 9 9 5 0 H 2 7 . 7 5 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 4 7 . 7 3 0 . 0 1 0 3 7 . 7 3 I O O d H Z 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 2 7 . 7 3 7 . 7 1 0 . 0 0 7 5 7 . 7 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 7 T o o t h H 3 , W i d t h i n m m 4 3 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 3 1 3 . 7 1 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 6 8 1 3 . 6 8 1 3 . 6 9 1 3 . 6 5 0 . 0 2 4 8 1 3 3 5 0 H 3 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 1 1 2 . 0 3 1 2 . 0 2 1 2 . 0 2 0 . 0 0 6 3 1 2 . 0 2 1 0 0 H 3 1 1 . 4 0 1 1 . 3 8 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 6 1 1 . 3 7 1 1 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 1 . 3 8 1 5 0 H 3 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 8 5 2 0 0 H 3 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 5 9 1 0 . 6 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 0 . 5 9 2 5 0 H 3 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 2 2 5 1 0 . 3 7 3 0 0 H 3 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 2 2 5 1 0 . 3 7 3 5 0 H 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 3 9 . 9 8 9 . 9 8 0 . 0 2 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 4 0 0 H 3 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 9 2 9 . 9 3 9 . 9 2 9 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 7 2 9 . 9 1 4 5 0 H 3 9 . 5 3 9 . 5 6 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 8 9 . 5 4 9 . 5 4 0 . 0 1 8 3 9 . 5 5 5 0 0 H 3 9 . 3 6 9 . 4 0 9 . 3 8 9 . 3 7 9 . 3 9 9 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 4 1 9 . 3 8 5 5 0 H 3 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 6 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 4 9 . 2 7 9 . 2 6 0 . 0 1 2 2 9 . 2 6 6 0 0 H 3 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 5 9 . 1 4 8 . 1 5 9 . 1 4 9 . 1 5 0 . 4 0 5 8 8 . 9 8 6 5 0 H 3 8 . 9 2 8 . 8 9 8 . 8 7 8 . 8 8 8 . 9 1 8 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 9 7 8 . 9 0 7 0 0 H 3 8 . 7 9 8 . 7 9 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 1 8 . 8 0 8 . 8 0 0 . 0 0 7 5 8 . 8 0 7 5 0 H 3 8 . 7 3 8 . 7 1 8 . 6 9 8 . 7 2 8 . 6 9 8 . 6 8 0 . 0 1 9 7 8 . 7 0 8 0 0 H 3 8 . 5 9 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 0 8 . 6 1 8 . 6 3 8 . 5 9 0 . 0 1 5 2 8 . 6 1 8 5 0 H 3 8 . 4 3 8 . 4 2 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 1 8 . 4 0 8 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 8 . 4 1 9 0 0 H 3 8 . 3 4 8 . 3 1 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 5 8 . 3 4 0 . 0 1 5 5 8 . 3 4 9 5 0 H 3 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 1 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 1 8 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 5 2 8 . 3 3 1 0 0 0 H 3 8 . 3 4 8 . 2 9 8 . 3 2 8 . 3 3 8 . 3 0 8 . 2 9 0 . 0 2 1 4 8 . 3 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . T o o t h A 4 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 6 1 4 . 9 7 1 4 . 9 7 1 4 . 9 7 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 5 0 . 0 4 3 2 1 4 . 9 5 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 9 2 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 1 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 2 5 1 4 . 9 2 1 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 9 2 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 1 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 2 5 1 4 . 9 2 1 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 8 1 4 . 9 2 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 6 1 4 . 9 1 1 4 . 9 0 0 . 0 3 2 5 1 4 . 9 2 2 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 9 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 7 9 1 4 . 8 0 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 4 . 8 0 2 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 4 1 4 . 7 4 1 4 . 7 5 1 4 . 7 6 1 4 . 7 5 1 4 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 7 5 1 4 . 7 5 3 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 2 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 4 . 8 3 3 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 2 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 4 . 8 3 4 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 8 2 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 8 3 1 4 . 8 3 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 4 . 8 3 4 5 0 A 4 1 4 8 0 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 8 0 1 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 8 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 4 . 8 0 5 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 7 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 7 8 1 4 . 7 8 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 7 8 5 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 7 0 6 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 7 0 6 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 7 0 7 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 7 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 8 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 8 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 9 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 9 5 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 1 0 0 0 A 4 1 4 . 7 0 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 9 1 4 . 6 8 1 4 . 6 7 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 4 . 6 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 3 9 T o o t h B 4 , W i d t h i n m m | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 4 1 1 . 2 3 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 9 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 2 2 1 1 . 1 8 0 . 0 2 7 9 1 1 . 1 9 5 0 B 4 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 2 1 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 7 5 1 1 . 1 5 1 0 0 B 4 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 1 6 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 4 1 1 . 1 2 1 1 . 1 5 0 . 0 1 7 5 1 1 . 1 5 1 5 0 B 4 1 1 . 1 0 1 1 . 0 9 1 1 . 0 9 1 1 . 0 7 1 1 . 0 8 1 1 . 0 8 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 1 . 0 9 2 0 0 B 4 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 . 9 8 1 0 . 9 9 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 . 9 8 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 9 2 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 4 3 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 4 3 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 4 4 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 4 4 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 4 5 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 3 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 0 . 9 4 5 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 8 5 6 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 8 5 6 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 0 . 8 5 7 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 8 2 7 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 8 2 8 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 8 2 8 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 8 2 9 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 8 2 9 5 0 B 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 8 0 1 0 . 8 1 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 0 . 8 2 1 0 0 0 B 4 1 0 . 7 6 1 0 . 7 4 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 5 1 0 . 7 2 1 0 . 7 4 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 0 . 7 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 0 T o o t h C 4 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 4 1 3 . 7 3 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 7 2 1 3 . 6 4 1 3 . 6 0 1 3 . 6 1 0 . 0 5 4 9 1 3 . 6 6 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 6 7 1 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 6 6 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 7 1 3 . 6 5 1 3 . 6 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 3 . 6 7 1 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 6 1 1 3 . 6 1 1 3 . 6 2 1 3 . 6 4 1 3 . 6 1 1 3 . 6 0 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 3 . 6 2 2 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 3 1 3 . 5 5 1 3 . 5 4 1 3 . 5 6 1 3 . 5 5 1 3 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 3 . 5 5 2 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 5 1 3 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 5 1 3 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 5 1 4 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 5 1 4 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 5 1 5 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 2 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 3 . 5 1 5 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 6 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 6 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 7 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 7 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 8 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 8 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 9 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 9 5 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 1 0 0 0 C 4 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 1 3 . 5 1 1 3 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 3 . 5 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 1 T o o t h D 4 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 3 1 2 . 4 5 1 2 . 4 6 1 2 . 4 3 1 2 . 4 3 0 . 0 1 7 6 1 2 . 4 4 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 4 7 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 4 9 1 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 4 7 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 4 9 1 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 4 5 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 7 1 2 . 4 7 0 . 0 2 2 6 1 2 . 4 5 2 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 2 . 3 9 2 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 5 3 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 5 3 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 5 4 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 5 4 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 5 5 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 3 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 5 5 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 6 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 6 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 7 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 7 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 8 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 8 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 9 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 9 5 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 1 0 0 0 D 4 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 5 1 2 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 5 2 1 2 . 3 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 2 T o o t h E 4 L W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 4 1 2 . 6 5 1 2 . 5 9 1 2 . 5 3 1 2 . 4 7 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 5 1 0 . 0 9 0 9 1 2 . 5 2 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 2 . 5 1 1 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 2 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 2 0 . 0 1 3 3 1 2 . 5 1 1 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 5 0 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 9 1 2 . 4 7 1 2 . 5 1 1 2 . 5 0 0 . 0 1 3 7 1 2 . 4 9 2 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 4 3 1 2 . 4 4 1 2 . 4 3 1 2 . 4 2 1 2 . 4 1 0 . 0 1 1 7 1 2 . 4 3 2 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 3 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 3 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 4 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 4 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 5 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 5 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 6 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 6 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 7 0 0 E 5 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 7 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 8 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 8 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 9 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 9 5 0 E 4 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 4 0 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 8 0 . 0 1 2 6 1 2 . 3 9 1 0 0 0 E 4 1 2 . 3 8 1 2 . 3 7 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 6 1 2 . 3 9 1 2 . 3 7 0 . 0 1 2 1 1 2 . 3 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 3 T o o t h F 4 , W i d t h i n m m l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 4 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 5 7 1 0 . 5 7 1 0 . 6 2 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 0 2 0 7 1 0 . 6 0 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 7 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 7 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 5 6 1 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 7 1 0 . 5 5 1 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 5 7 0 . 0 0 8 9 1 0 . 5 6 2 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 4 9 1 0 . 5 0 1 0 . 4 9 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 0 . 5 0 2 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 3 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 3 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 4 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 4 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 5 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 5 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 6 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 6 5 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 7 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 7 5 0 F 5 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 8 0 0 F 6 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 8 5 0 F 7 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 9 0 0 F 8 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 9 5 0 F 9 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 0 0 F 4 1 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 3 1 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 4 5 0 . 0 1 0 3 1 0 . 4 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 4 T o o t h G 4 , W i d t h i n m m . 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 4 1 1 . 1 7 1 1 . 2 0 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 . 0 5 1 1 . 1 0 0 . 0 5 3 5 1 1 . 1 2 5 0 G 4 1 1 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 8 3 1 1 . 0 2 1 0 0 G 4 1 1 . 0 4 1 1 . 0 4 ' 1 1 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 2 1 1 . 0 0 1 1 . 0 0 0 . 0 1 8 3 1 1 . 0 2 1 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 9 9 1 0 . 9 8 1 0 . 9 8 1 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 6 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 0 . 9 8 2 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 2 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 3 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 3 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 4 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 4 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 5 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 5 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 6 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 6 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 7 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 7 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 8 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 8 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 9 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 9 5 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 9 1 0 . 0 1 3 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 0 0 G 4 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 8 7 0 . 0 0 8 4 1 0 . 8 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 5 T o o t h H 4 , W i d t h i n m m 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 4 1 4 . 2 5 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 3 1 4 . 2 0 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 8 0 . 0 3 3 1 1 4 . 2 1 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 3 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 4 . 2 3 1 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 3 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 4 . 2 3 1 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 3 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 4 1 4 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 4 . 2 3 2 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 2 0 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 0 1 4 . 2 2 1 4 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 2 2 1 4 . 2 2 2 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 1 9 3 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 1 9 3 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 1 9 4 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 1 9 4 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 1 9 5 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 1 9 1 4 . 2 0 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 . 1 9 5 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 6 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 6 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 7 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 7 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 8 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 8 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 9 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 9 5 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 1 0 0 0 H 4 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 1 4 . 1 6 1 4 . 1 7 0 . 0 0 5 5 1 4 . 1 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 6 T o o t h A 1 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A l 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 4 2 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 4 0 1 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 3 9 1 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 3 7 2 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 5 2 5 0 A l 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 3 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 3 5 0 A l 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 4 0 0 A ] 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 4 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 5 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 5 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 6 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 6 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 7 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 7 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 8 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 8 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 9 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 9 5 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 A 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 3 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 7 T o o t h A 2 , M a s s i n g | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 2 0 . 3 3 0 0 . 3 2 9 0 . 3 3 2 0 . 3 3 0 0 . 3 3 0 0 . 3 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 3 3 0 5 0 A 2 0 . 3 2 0 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 2 1 0 . 3 2 2 0 . 3 2 3 0 . 3 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 3 2 1 1 0 0 A 2 0 . 3 1 6 0 . 3 1 6 0 . 3 1 7 0 . 3 1 5 0 . 3 1 4 0 . 3 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 3 1 5 1 5 0 A 2 0 . 3 0 3 0 . 3 0 2 0 . 3 0 3 0 . 3 0 2 0 . 3 0 2 0 . 3 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 3 0 2 2 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 9 3 0 . 2 9 2 0 . 2 9 2 0 . 2 9 3 0 . 2 9 6 0 . 2 9 6 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 2 9 4 2 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 8 7 0 . 2 8 6 0 . 2 8 5 0 . 2 8 8 0 . 2 8 9 0 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 2 8 8 3 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 8 2 0 . 2 8 2 0 . 2 8 4 0 . 2 8 2 0 . 2 8 3 0 . 2 8 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 8 3 3 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 7 6 0 . 2 7 8 0 . 2 7 9 0 . 2 8 1 0 . 2 8 1 0 . 2 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 2 7 9 4 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 6 8 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 2 6 9 4 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 6 5 0 . 2 6 7 0 . 2 6 6 0 . 2 6 4 0 . 2 6 3 0 . 2 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 2 6 5 5 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 5 8 0 . 2 5 9 0 . 2 5 6 0 . 2 5 8 0 . 2 5 8 0 . 2 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 2 5 8 5 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 5 4 0 . 2 5 4 0 . 2 5 3 0 . 2 5 2 0 . 2 5 4 0 . 2 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 5 4 6 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 4 6 0 . 2 4 7 0 . 2 4 7 0 . 2 4 4 0 . 2 4 5 0 . 2 4 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 2 4 6 6 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 4 4 0 . 2 4 4 0 . 2 4 4 0 . 2 4 3 0 . 2 4 4 0 . 2 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 2 4 4 7 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 3 9 0 . 2 3 7 0 . 2 3 6 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 2 3 8 7 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 3 4 0 . 2 4 0 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 3 7 0 . 2 3 7 0 . 2 3 6 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 2 3 7 8 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 3 4 0 . 2 3 4 0 . 2 3 4 0 . 2 3 3 0 . 2 3 2 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 2 3 3 8 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 2 2 8 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 3 0 9 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 2 4 0 . 2 2 3 0 . 2 2 4 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 2 4 9 5 0 A 2 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 2 4 0 . 2 2 3 0 . 2 2 4 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 2 4 1 0 0 0 A 2 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 2 2 0 . 2 2 2 0 . 2 2 3 0 . 2 2 2 0 . 2 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 2 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 8 T o o t h A 3 , M a s s i n g l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 3 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 1 3 2 5 0 A 3 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 2 2 1 0 0 A 3 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 1 9 1 5 0 A 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 2 0 0 A 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 1 0 2 5 0 A 3 0 . 1 0 8 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 8 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 0 8 3 0 0 A 3 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 0 5 3 5 0 A 3 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 0 3 4 0 0 A 3 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 0 1 4 5 0 A 3 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 0 1 5 0 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 9 7 5 5 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 5 6 0 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 9 2 6 5 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 9 2 7 0 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 9 0 7 5 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 9 0 8 0 0 A 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 0 8 8 8 5 0 A 3 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 8 8 9 0 0 A 3 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 6 9 5 0 A 3 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 6 1 0 0 0 A 3 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 8 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 4 9 T o o t h B 1 , M a s s i n g l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 4 3 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 4 2 1 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 4 1 1 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 4 0 2 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 4 0 2 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 3 9 3 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 3 9 3 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 6 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 3 8 4 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 8 4 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 5 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 5 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 6 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 6 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 7 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 7 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 8 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 8 5 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 3 5 9 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 3 4 9 5 0 B l 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 3 4 1 0 0 0 B 1 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 3 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 0 T o o t h B 2 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e ' 0 B 2 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 8 6 0 . 1 7 8 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 0 0 4 4 0 . 1 7 8 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 7 1 1 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 4 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 6 6 1 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 3 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 6 1 2 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 5 8 2 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 5 4 3 0 0 B Z 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 3 3 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 4 9 4 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 4 8 4 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 4 7 5 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 4 4 5 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 4 2 6 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 4 2 6 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 3 9 7 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 3 7 7 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 3 7 8 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 6 8 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 6 9 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 3 2 9 5 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 B 2 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 3 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 1 T o o t h B 3 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 3 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 3 8 0 . 0 8 3 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 5 ‘ 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 7 5 1 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 1 1 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 0 6 7 2 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 6 6 2 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 2 0 . 0 6 4 3 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 4 2 0 . 0 6 4 3 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 5 9 4 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 5 7 4 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 7 5 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 5 6 5 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 4 6 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 5 2 6 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 5 2 7 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 5 1 7 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 5 1 8 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 4 8 8 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 4 8 9 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 4 8 9 5 0 B 3 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 4 8 1 0 0 0 B 3 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 4 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 2 T o o t h C 1 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C I 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 8 1 5 0 C I 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 8 0 1 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 7 1 5 0 C I 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 7 6 2 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 4 2 5 0 C ] 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 0 7 2 3 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 0 7 2 3 5 0 C 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 7 1 4 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 1 4 5 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 6 8 5 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 6 8 5 5 0 C I 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 6 8 6 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 7 6 5 0 C I 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 7 7 0 0 C I 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 7 5 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 8 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 8 5 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 9 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 9 5 0 C I 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 1 0 0 0 C 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 6 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 3 T o o t h C 2 , M a s s i n { L 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 2 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 4 0 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 3 1 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 3 0 1 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 2 6 2 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 2 3 2 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 8 3 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 8 3 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 5 4 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 5 4 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 1 2 5 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 0 8 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 5 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 8 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 0 9 6 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 0 7 6 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 0 7 7 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 0 5 7 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 0 5 8 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 0 4 8 5 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 0 2 9 0 0 C 2 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 0 0 9 5 0 C 2 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 9 9 1 0 0 0 C 2 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 9 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 4 T o o t h C 3 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 3 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 6 9 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 6 1 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 4 8 1 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 4 5 2 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 4 2 2 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 3 2 0 . 1 3 8 3 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 3 2 0 . 1 3 8 3 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 3 3 4 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 3 1 4 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 3 1 5 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 2 6 5 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 2 4 6 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 2 1 6 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 2 1 7 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 2 1 7 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 2 1 8 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 1 8 8 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 1 8 9 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 1 6 9 5 0 C 3 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 1 6 1 0 0 0 C 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 1 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 5 T o o t h D 1 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 1 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 0 6 5 0 D 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 9 1 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 9 2 1 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 2 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 4 2 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 8 2 3 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 8 2 3 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 0 4 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 7 7 4 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 7 7 5 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 7 5 5 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 7 5 6 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 7 3 6 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 7 3 7 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 1 7 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 1 8 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 7 0 8 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 9 9 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 6 9 5 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 6 1 0 0 0 D 1 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 6 T o o t h D 2 , M a s s i n g | 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 2 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 5 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 5 1 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 8 0 1 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 0 7 6 2 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 4 2 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 0 2 9 0 . 0 7 3 3 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 0 2 9 0 . 0 7 3 3 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 7 0 4 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 6 9 4 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 6 9 5 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 6 5 5 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 6 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 4 6 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 4 7 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 2 7 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 2 8 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 6 0 8 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 6 0 9 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 5 9 9 5 0 D 2 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 5 9 1 0 0 0 D 2 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 8 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 7 T o o t h D 3 , M a s s i n g l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 3 0 . 2 8 8 0 . 2 8 8 0 . 2 9 3 0 . 2 8 9 0 . 2 8 9 0 . 2 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 2 8 9 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 7 2 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 7 0 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 2 7 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 2 7 0 1 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 6 0 0 . 2 5 9 0 . 2 6 0 0 . 2 5 9 0 . 2 5 8 0 . 2 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 5 9 1 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 4 9 0 . 2 4 9 0 . 2 4 8 0 . 2 4 7 0 . 2 4 9 0 . 2 5 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 4 9 2 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 4 2 0 . 2 4 3 0 . 2 4 4 0 . 2 4 3 0 . 2 4 3 0 . 2 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 2 4 3 2 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 3 6 0 . 2 3 7 0 . 2 3 9 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 2 3 9 3 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 3 6 0 . 2 3 7 0 . 2 3 9 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 4 1 0 . 2 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 2 3 9 3 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 2 3 3 0 . 2 3 2 0 . 2 3 2 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 2 3 1 4 0 0 D 3 - 0 . 2 2 7 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 2 2 7 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 2 2 7 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 2 2 7 4 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 2 4 0 . 2 2 8 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 2 2 6 5 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 2 1 9 0 . 2 2 0 0 . 2 2 2 0 . 2 2 0 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 2 1 5 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 1 8 0 . 2 1 6 0 . 2 2 0 0 . 2 1 7 0 . 2 1 6 0 . 2 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 2 1 7 6 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 5 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 2 1 4 6 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 5 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 2 1 4 7 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 2 1 2 7 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 2 1 2 8 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 0 9 0 . 2 0 9 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 2 1 1 8 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 2 0 7 0 . 2 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 2 0 6 9 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 4 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 2 0 . 2 0 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 2 0 4 9 5 0 D 3 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 4 0 . 2 0 5 0 . 2 0 2 0 . 2 0 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 2 0 4 1 0 0 0 D 3 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 1 9 9 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 1 9 9 0 . 1 9 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 2 0 0 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 8 T o o t h E 1 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 1 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 8 0 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 6 1 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 3 1 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 0 2 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 7 0 2 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 0 6 8 3 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 0 6 8 3 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 6 7 4 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 6 5 4 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 6 5 5 0 0 E l 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 0 6 5 5 5 0 E l 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 3 6 0 0 E l 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 3 6 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 6 3 7 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 1 7 5 0 E l 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 1 8 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 1 8 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 1 9 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 9 5 0 E 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 E 1 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 5 9 T o o t h E 2 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 2 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 7 3 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 6 0 1 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 6 1 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 5 2 2 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 4 9 2 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 4 3 3 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 1 4 3 3 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 4 0 4 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 3 7 4 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 3 7 5 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 3 4 5 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 3 1 6 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 2 9 6 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 2 9 7 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 1 2 7 7 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 1 2 7 8 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 2 5 8 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 2 5 9 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 9 5 0 E 2 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 E 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 1 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 0 T o o t h E 3 , M a s s i n g 4 6 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 3 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 4 0 0 . 2 4 2 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 2 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 2 3 9 5 0 E 3 0 . 2 2 2 0 . 2 2 5 0 . 2 1 8 0 . 2 2 3 0 . 2 2 3 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 2 2 2 1 0 0 E 3 0 . 2 1 3 0 . 2 1 3 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 2 1 3 1 5 0 E 3 0 . 2 0 3 0 . 2 0 4 0 . 2 0 7 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 2 0 2 0 . 2 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 2 0 4 2 0 0 E 3 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 1 9 9 0 . 1 9 9 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 2 0 0 2 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 9 8 0 . 1 9 7 0 . 1 9 8 0 . 1 9 6 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 1 9 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 9 7 3 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 1 9 4 0 . 1 9 3 0 . 1 9 3 0 . 1 9 2 0 . 1 9 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 9 3 3 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 8 9 0 . 1 9 0 0 . 1 9 0 0 . 1 9 0 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 8 9 4 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 8 4 0 . 1 8 5 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 8 6 4 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 8 4 0 . 1 8 5 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 8 6 5 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 8 2 0 . 1 8 2 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 2 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 8 1 5 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 7 8 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 7 9 6 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 1 7 8 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 7 8 6 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 7 6 7 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 7 3 7 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 7 3 8 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 1 7 1 8 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 7 0 9 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 6 9 9 5 0 E 3 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 6 9 1 0 0 0 E 3 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 6 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . T o o t h F 1 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 7 1 5 0 F l 5 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 6 9 1 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 6 7 1 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 5 2 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 6 3 2 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 6 2 3 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 6 2 3 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 6 0 4 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 6 0 4 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 8 5 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 8 5 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 8 6 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 8 6 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 8 7 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 5 8 7 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 5 6 8 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 5 5 8 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 5 5 9 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 5 5 9 5 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 5 5 1 0 0 0 F 1 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 5 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 2 T o o t h F 2 , M a s s i n g I 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 2 0 . 1 5 9 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 4 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 0 . 1 6 1 — 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 4 9 1 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 0 . 1 4 4 1 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 9 2 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 3 4 2 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 0 3 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 1 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 0 3 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 2 8 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 9 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 2 7 4 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 2 5 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 7 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 2 5 4 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 2 3 5 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 2 0 5 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 1 9 6 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 8 6 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 8 7 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 8 7 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 8 8 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 5 8 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 5 9 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 9 5 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 F 2 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 0 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 3 T o o t h F 3 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 3 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 8 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 1 0 5 5 0 F 3 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 0 0 1 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 9 9 1 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 7 2 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 6 2 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 9 4 3 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 9 4 3 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 9 4 4 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 9 4 4 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 9 4 5 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 9 4 5 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 9 3 6 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 6 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 7 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 7 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 8 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 8 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 0 9 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 9 5 0 F 3 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 1 0 0 0 F 3 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 4 T o o t h G 1 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 0 7 7 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 7 5 1 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 7 4 1 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 7 2 2 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 7 2 2 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 7 4 3 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 3 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 4 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 7 0 4 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 5 5 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 5 5 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 5 6 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 5 6 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 6 4 7 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 6 4 7 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 6 4 8 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 6 1 8 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 6 1 9 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 6 1 9 5 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 6 1 1 0 0 0 G 1 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 6 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 5 T o o t h G 2 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 0 8 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 3 5 0 . 1 1 4 5 0 G 2 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 0 7 1 0 0 G 2 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 0 4 1 5 0 G Z 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 0 9 9 2 0 0 G Z 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 0 0 2 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 9 6 3 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 9 6 3 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 9 6 4 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 0 4 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 0 5 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 5 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 9 6 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 8 7 6 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 8 7 7 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 7 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 8 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 8 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 9 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 9 5 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 1 0 0 0 G 2 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 7 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 6 T o o t h G 3 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 3 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 8 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 8 7 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 8 4 0 . 1 8 2 0 . 1 8 3 0 . 1 8 3 0 . 1 8 4 0 . 1 8 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 8 4 1 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 1 7 8 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 8 0 1 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 7 5 2 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 7 2 2 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 6 7 3 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 6 7 3 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 6 3 0 . 1 6 3 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 3 0 . 1 6 4 0 . 1 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 6 3 4 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 6 1 4 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 8 5 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 5 4 5 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 5 2 6 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 1 4 9 6 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 1 4 9 7 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 4 7 7 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 4 7 8 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 6 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 4 4 8 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 4 3 9 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 4 3 9 5 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 G 3 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 3 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 7 T o o t h H 1 , M a s s i n £ 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 1 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 0 7 3 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 5 1 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 2 1 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 6 2 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 6 0 2 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 6 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 5 6 2 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 5 5 3 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 5 5 3 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 5 5 4 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 4 4 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 4 5 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 5 2 5 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 5 2 6 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 5 1 6 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 7 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 7 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 5 0 8 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 4 7 8 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 4 7 9 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 4 7 9 5 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 4 7 1 0 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 4 8 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 4 7 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 8 T o o t h H 2 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 2 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 0 9 5 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 8 9 1 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 8 6 1 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 0 8 3 2 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 8 0 2 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 7 8 3 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 0 7 8 3 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 7 5 4 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 3 4 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 3 5 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 7 1 5 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 9 6 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 9 6 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 9 7 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 6 7 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 6 6 8 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 3 8 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 3 9 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 3 9 5 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 3 1 0 0 0 H 2 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 6 3 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 6 9 T o o t h H 3 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 3 0 . 2 0 4 0 . 1 9 8 0 . 2 0 8 0 . 1 9 9 0 . 1 9 8 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 0 . 2 0 1 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 9 2 0 . 1 9 3 0 . 1 9 2 0 . 1 9 3 0 . 1 9 2 0 . 1 9 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 9 3 1 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 8 6 0 . 1 8 9 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 1 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 8 8 1 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 8 2 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 1 7 9 0 . 1 8 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 8 1 2 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 7 6 2 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 7 4 3 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 6 9 3 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 1 6 3 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 6 5 4 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 1 6 0 4 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 5 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 7 5 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 5 3 5 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 5 0 6 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 4 8 6 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 1 4 7 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 4 8 7 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 4 4 7 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 4 4 8 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 9 8 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 9 9 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 9 9 5 0 H 3 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 3 6 1 0 0 0 H 3 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 3 5 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 0 T o o t h A 4 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 7 3 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 7 6 1 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 7 6 1 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 7 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 6 2 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 7 5 2 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 3 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 3 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 4 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 4 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 5 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 5 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 2 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 1 7 4 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 6 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 0 6 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 7 0 7 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 6 9 7 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 6 9 8 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 6 9 8 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 6 9 9 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 6 9 9 5 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 6 9 1 0 0 0 A 4 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 1 6 5 0 . 1 6 8 0 . 1 6 7 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 6 6 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 1 T o o t h B 4 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 9 6 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 9 6 1 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 9 5 1 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 4 2 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 9 4 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 0 9 4 2 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 2 3 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 2 3 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 2 4 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 1 4 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 1 5 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 1 5 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 1 6 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 1 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 9 1 6 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 8 8 7 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 8 8 7 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 8 8 8 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 8 7 8 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 8 7 9 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 8 7 9 5 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 8 7 1 0 0 0 B 4 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 6 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 2 T o o t h C 4 , M a s s i n g l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 7 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 6 1 1 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 2 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 1 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 6 1 1 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 9 0 . 1 5 9 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 9 0 . 1 5 9 2 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 5 8 2 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 3 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 3 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 4 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 4 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 5 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 5 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 6 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 6 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 7 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 7 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 8 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 8 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 9 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 9 5 0 C 4 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 1 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 0 . 1 5 5 1 0 0 0 C 4 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 1 5 1 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 3 T o o t h D 4 , M a s s i n g l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 D 4 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 2 1 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 2 1 1 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 2 1 1 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 8 2 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 7 2 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 3 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 3 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 4 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 4 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 5 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 5 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 6 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 6 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 7 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 2 7 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 2 8 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 2 8 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 2 9 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 1 0 9 5 0 D 4 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 D 4 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 4 T o o t h E 4 , M a s s i n g l 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 7 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 9 1 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 9 1 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 1 7 2 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 1 6 2 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 6 3 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 6 3 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 1 6 4 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 4 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 5 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 5 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 6 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 6 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 7 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 2 7 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 2 8 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 2 8 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 1 1 2 9 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 1 0 9 5 0 E 4 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 E 4 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 1 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 5 T o o t h F 4 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 8 6 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 6 1 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 6 1 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 5 2 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 8 3 2 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 8 5 3 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 8 5 3 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 8 5 4 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 4 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 5 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 5 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 6 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 6 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 7 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 7 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 8 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 8 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 9 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 9 5 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 1 0 0 0 F 4 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 8 2 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 6 T o o t h G 4 , M a s s i n g 4 7 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 1 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 4 1 1 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 4 1 1 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 4 0 2 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 4 0 2 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 3 1 0 . 0 3 9 3 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 3 1 0 . 0 3 9 3 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 3 1 0 . 0 3 9 4 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 4 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 5 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 5 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 6 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 6 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 7 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 7 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 8 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 8 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 9 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 4 0 9 5 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 0 0 G 4 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 3 9 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . T o o t h H 4 , M a s s i n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 S T D E V A v e r a g e 0 H 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 4 3 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 4 4 1 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 1 4 4 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 4 4 1 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 4 3 2 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 1 4 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 4 2 2 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 3 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 3 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 4 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 4 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 5 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 8 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 1 3 9 5 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 7 6 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 7 6 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 7 7 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 7 7 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 9 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 1 3 7 8 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 3 6 8 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 3 6 9 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 1 3 6 9 5 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 1 3 7 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 1 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 1 3 5 1 0 0 0 H 4 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 1 3 3 0 . 1 3 4 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 1 3 4 A p p e n d i x H c o n t i n u e d . 4 7 8 A P P E N D I X I S I G N I F I C A N C E C O R R E L A T I O N F O R T A P H O N O M Y 4 7 9 L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n m R R d f A l y = - 0 . 0 0 2 3 x + 1 7 . 0 6 8 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 9 5 9 4 0 . 9 7 9 4 9 2 3 A 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 4 6 x + 1 8 . 9 2 6 - 0 . 0 0 4 6 0 . 8 1 4 8 0 . 9 0 2 6 6 3 2 3 A 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 4 x + 1 2 . 6 5 3 - 0 . 0 0 2 4 0 . 8 2 7 3 0 . 9 0 9 5 6 2 3 B 1 = - 0 . 0 0 1 4 x + 7 . 9 3 4 3 - 0 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 8 9 7 5 0 . 9 4 7 3 6 5 2 3 B 2 y = — 0 . 0 0 2 6 x + 1 2 . 5 5 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 8 6 1 7 0 . 9 2 8 2 7 8 2 3 B 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 7 x + 9 . 7 4 8 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 9 1 0 6 0 . 9 5 4 2 5 4 2 3 C ] y = - 0 . 0 0 2 7 x + 1 4 . 2 5 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 7 0 . 8 6 4 5 0 . 9 2 9 7 8 5 2 3 C 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 2 x + 1 1 . 9 6 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 8 3 7 5 0 . 9 1 5 1 5 2 3 C 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 x + 1 3 . 4 7 3 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 7 8 4 8 0 . 8 8 5 8 8 9 2 3 D 1 y = — 0 . 0 0 2 5 x + 1 2 . 0 1 3 - 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 . 8 2 4 1 0 . 9 0 7 8 2 3 D 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 2 x + 1 0 . 0 5 1 - 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 7 9 1 9 0 . 8 8 9 8 8 8 2 3 D 3 y = — 0 . 0 0 2 8 x + 1 6 . 6 8 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 5 7 7 2 0 . 7 5 9 7 3 7 2 3 E 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 1 x + 1 3 . 7 5 7 - 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 6 6 5 9 0 . 8 1 6 0 2 7 2 3 E 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 4 x + 1 6 . 3 7 - 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 7 7 5 4 0 . 8 8 0 5 6 8 2 3 E 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 1 x + 1 6 . 2 9 - 0 . 0 0 3 1 0 . 7 4 1 9 0 . 8 6 1 3 3 6 2 3 F 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 8 x + 1 0 . 0 8 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 8 7 9 7 0 . 9 3 7 9 2 3 2 3 F 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 5 x + 1 4 . 6 5 1 - 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 . 7 4 1 7 0 . 8 6 1 2 2 2 3 F 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 5 1 x + 1 1 . 4 5 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 . 8 2 3 4 0 . 9 0 7 4 1 4 2 3 G 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 9 x + 1 2 . 0 7 2 - 0 . 0 0 1 9 0 . 8 5 6 8 0 . 9 2 5 6 3 5 2 3 G 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 4 x + 1 3 . 5 9 9 - 0 . 0 0 3 4 0 . 8 5 2 7 0 . 9 2 3 4 1 8 2 3 G 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 9 x + 1 3 . 6 7 - 0 . 0 0 2 9 0 . 8 6 8 3 0 . 9 3 1 8 2 6 2 3 H 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 1 x + 1 0 . 9 8 - 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 7 7 9 0 . 8 8 2 6 1 2 3 H 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 2 x + 1 1 . 0 7 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 2 0 . 9 0 9 5 0 . 9 5 3 6 7 7 2 3 H 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 2 x + 1 3 . 8 8 5 - 0 . 0 0 3 2 0 . 8 6 5 6 0 . 9 3 0 3 7 6 2 3 A v e r a g e - 0 . 0 0 2 4 7 1 0 . 8 2 1 3 0 . 9 0 5 0 7 9 A l l S i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r S h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s . 4 8 0 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n " R R ( i f A 1 y = 2 1 . 0 7 1 x " - 0 . 0 4 7 3 A - 0 . 0 4 7 3 0 . 9 2 5 3 0 . 9 6 1 9 2 5 2 3 A 2 y = 2 7 . 8 1 2 x " - 0 . 0 8 7 9 A - 0 . 0 8 7 9 0 . 9 8 3 1 0 . 9 9 1 5 1 4 2 3 A 3 y = 1 6 . 9 2 1 x " - 0 . 0 6 9 9 A - 0 . 0 6 9 9 0 . 9 8 4 3 0 . 9 9 2 1 1 9 2 3 B 1 y = 1 0 . 3 7 1 x " - 0 . 0 6 1 4 A - 0 . 0 6 1 4 0 . 9 3 1 8 0 . 9 6 5 2 9 8 2 3 B 2 y = 1 7 . 1 8 2 " - 0 . 0 7 2 A - 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 9 6 7 1 0 . 9 8 3 4 1 2 2 3 B 3 y = 1 5 . 4 8 1 x " - 0 . 1 0 4 A - 0 . 1 0 4 0 . 9 5 5 9 0 . 9 7 7 7 0 1 2 3 C l y = 1 9 . 0 1 6 x " - 0 . 0 6 6 2 A - 0 . 0 6 6 2 0 . 9 6 6 2 0 . 9 8 2 9 5 5 2 3 C 2 y = 1 5 . 9 0 5 x " - 0 . 0 6 5 3 A - 0 . 0 6 5 3 0 . 9 8 1 6 0 . 9 9 0 7 5 7 2 3 C 3 y = 1 6 . 3 9 x " - 0 . 0 4 6 8 A - 0 . 0 4 6 8 0 . 9 6 6 9 0 . 9 8 3 3 1 1 2 3 D 1 y = 1 6 . 3 8 3 x " - 0 . 0 7 1 6 A - 0 . 0 7 1 6 0 . 9 8 0 9 0 . 9 9 0 4 0 4 2 3 D 2 y = 1 3 . 7 2 5 x " 0 . 0 7 3 A - 0 . 0 7 3 0 . 9 7 5 7 0 . 9 8 7 7 7 5 2 3 D 3 y = 2 0 . 6 8 4 x " - 0 . 0 5 2 8 A - 0 . 0 5 2 8 0 . 9 6 6 5 0 . 9 8 3 1 0 7 2 3 E l y = 1 6 . 4 1 4 x " - 0 . 0 4 4 7 A - 0 . 0 4 4 7 0 . 9 6 4 9 0 . 9 8 2 2 9 3 2 3 E 2 y = 2 3 . 4 8 4 x " - 0 . 0 8 8 6 A - 0 . 0 8 8 6 0 . 9 8 3 2 0 . 9 9 1 5 6 4 2 3 E 3 y = 2 1 . 0 0 5 x " - 0 . 0 6 1 2 A - 0 . 0 6 1 2 0 . 9 6 4 4 0 . 9 8 2 0 3 9 2 3 F 1 y = 1 3 . 2 6 7 x " - 0 . 0 6 2 7 A - 0 . 0 6 2 7 0 . 9 7 0 1 0 . 9 8 4 9 3 7 2 3 F 2 y = 1 8 . 5 9 8 x " — 0 . 0 5 7 A - 0 . 0 5 7 0 . 9 9 0 3 0 . 9 9 5 1 3 8 2 3 F 3 y = 1 3 . 8 8 x " - 0 . 0 4 4 9 A - 0 . 0 4 4 9 0 . 9 6 8 0 . 9 8 3 8 7 2 3 G 1 y = 1 5 . 2 7 3 x " - 0 . 0 5 4 5 A - 0 . 0 5 4 5 0 . 9 5 9 9 0 . 9 7 9 7 4 5 2 3 G Z y = 2 0 . 4 0 8 x " - 0 . 0 9 2 5 A - 0 . 0 9 2 5 0 . 9 7 9 4 0 . 9 8 9 6 4 6 2 3 G 3 y = 1 9 . 1 9 7 x " - 0 . 0 7 6 8 “ - 0 . 0 7 6 8 0 . 9 8 1 4 0 . 9 9 0 6 5 6 2 3 H 1 y = 1 4 . 2 8 8 x " - 0 . 0 6 2 4 A - 0 . 0 6 2 4 0 . 9 7 4 6 0 . 9 8 7 2 1 8 2 3 H 2 y = 1 5 . 3 7 4 x " - 0 . 0 7 3 6 A - 0 . 0 0 7 3 6 0 . 9 6 3 0 . 9 8 1 3 2 6 2 3 H 3 y = 2 0 . 1 3 9 x " - 0 . 0 8 4 5 A - 0 . 0 0 8 4 5 0 . 9 6 8 1 0 . 9 8 3 9 2 1 2 3 A v e r a g e # D I V / O ! 0 . 9 6 8 8 5 8 3 3 0 . 9 8 4 2 7 6 A l l S i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s . 4 8 1 L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n 2 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r S h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h w i d t h l o s s . E q u a t i o n m R R ( i f A 1 y = — 0 . 0 0 1 x + 8 . 3 8 2 7 - 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 9 6 5 1 0 . 9 8 2 3 9 5 2 3 A 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 4 9 x + 1 1 . 3 5 4 - 0 . 0 0 4 9 0 . 8 4 4 8 0 . 9 1 9 1 3 2 3 A 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 3 x + 1 0 . 6 1 3 - 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 . 7 7 7 1 0 . 8 8 1 5 3 3 2 3 B 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 8 x + 6 . 5 8 1 7 - 0 . 0 0 0 8 0 . 8 8 8 1 0 . 9 4 2 3 9 1 2 3 B 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 x + 1 0 . 2 2 8 - 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 6 1 8 9 0 . 7 8 6 7 0 2 2 3 B 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 6 x + 8 . 9 3 7 - 0 . 0 0 3 6 0 . 9 0 1 4 0 . 9 4 9 4 2 1 2 3 C 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 1 x + 3 . 5 7 9 1 - 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 9 5 9 3 0 . 9 7 9 4 3 9 2 3 C 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 6 x + 1 0 . 7 6 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 8 7 2 9 0 . 9 3 4 2 9 1 2 3 C 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 5 5 x + 1 1 . 3 1 8 - 0 . 0 0 5 5 0 . 8 7 0 8 0 . 9 3 3 1 6 7 2 3 D 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 8 x + 9 . 1 3 4 4 - 0 . 0 0 3 8 0 . 7 8 7 6 0 . 8 8 7 4 6 8 2 3 D 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 x + 9 . 7 2 9 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 7 6 2 3 0 . 8 7 3 0 9 8 2 3 D 3 = - 0 . 0 0 2 8 x + 1 0 . 5 0 5 - 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 6 2 3 6 0 . 7 8 9 6 8 3 2 3 E ] y = - 0 . 0 0 0 6 x + 2 . 3 6 7 6 - 0 . 0 0 0 6 0 . 6 8 3 6 0 . 8 2 6 8 0 1 2 3 E 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 3 x + 6 . 3 0 1 9 - 0 . 0 0 2 3 0 . 7 1 0 6 0 . 8 4 2 9 7 1 2 3 E 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 1 x + 9 . 5 2 7 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 1 0 . 6 0 0 8 0 . 7 7 5 1 1 3 2 3 F 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 x + 8 . 2 9 8 3 - 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 8 1 0 1 0 . 9 0 0 0 5 6 2 3 F 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 3 x + 1 0 . 2 8 8 - 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 . 7 4 5 4 0 . 8 6 3 3 6 6 2 3 F 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 2 x + 9 . 3 8 5 6 - 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 6 3 2 6 0 . 7 9 5 3 6 2 2 3 G 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 1 8 x + 7 . 9 0 8 8 - 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 8 7 6 6 0 . 9 3 6 2 6 9 2 3 G 2 y = - 0 . 0 0 3 3 x + 8 . 4 9 8 - 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 . 8 1 4 2 0 . 9 0 2 3 3 2 3 G 3 y = — 0 . 0 0 3 3 x + 1 2 . 0 7 6 - 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 . 8 3 1 7 0 . 9 1 1 9 7 6 2 3 H 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 8 x + 7 . 5 6 3 8 - 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 7 2 9 9 0 . 8 5 4 3 4 2 2 3 H 2 = - 0 . 0 0 2 8 x + 1 0 . 1 4 - 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 . 9 0 6 6 0 . 9 5 2 1 5 5 2 3 H 3 y = - 0 . 0 0 4 2 x + 1 1 . 8 3 3 - 0 . 0 0 4 2 0 . 8 5 6 4 0 . 9 2 5 4 1 9 2 3 A v e r a g e - 0 . 0 0 2 6 2 9 0 . 7 9 4 6 0 . 8 8 9 3 7 A l l s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % 4 8 2 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h w i d t h l o s s . 2 E q u a t i o n “ R R ( i f A ] y = 1 0 . 1 7 8 x “ - 0 . 0 4 3 7 “ - 0 . 0 4 3 7 0 . 8 4 4 0 . 9 1 8 6 9 5 2 3 A 2 y = 2 4 . 5 3 9 x “ - 0 . 1 7 4 2 “ - 0 . 1 7 4 2 0 . 9 6 4 7 0 . 9 8 2 1 9 1 2 3 A 3 y = 1 7 . 1 1 2 x “ - 0 . 1 1 1 9 “ - 0 . 1 1 1 9 0 . 9 7 4 6 0 . 9 8 7 2 1 8 2 3 B ] y = 7 . 9 3 6 1 x “ - 0 . 0 4 3 1 “ — 0 . 0 4 3 1 0 . 9 4 2 9 0 . 9 7 1 0 3 2 3 B 2 y = 1 3 . 0 5 6 x “ - 0 . 0 6 0 4 “ - 0 . 0 6 0 4 0 . 9 9 7 7 0 . 9 9 8 8 4 9 2 3 B 3 y = 1 7 . 7 1 7 x “ - 0 . 1 5 5 4 “ - 0 . 1 5 5 4 0 . 8 8 4 0 . 9 4 0 2 1 3 2 3 C 1 y = 6 . 0 8 1 3 x “ - 0 . 1 1 7 3 “ - 0 . 1 1 7 3 0 . 8 9 8 2 0 . 9 4 7 7 3 4 2 3 C 2 y = 1 5 . 6 8 3 x “ - 0 . 0 8 6 “ - 0 . 0 8 6 0 . 9 6 2 7 0 . 9 8 1 1 7 3 2 3 C 3 y = 2 6 . 3 6 x “ - 0 . 1 9 3 2 “ - 0 . 1 9 3 2 0 . 8 0 4 5 0 . 8 9 6 9 3 9 2 3 D 1 y = 1 7 . 7 0 4 x “ - 0 . 1 5 4 8 “ - 0 1 5 . 4 8 0 . 9 3 5 9 0 . 9 6 7 4 1 9 2 3 D 2 y = 1 2 . 7 5 8 x “ - 0 . 0 6 5 9 “ - 0 . 0 6 5 9 0 . 9 2 6 6 0 . 9 6 2 6 0 1 2 3 D 3 y = 1 5 . 2 0 9 x “ - 0 . 0 9 8 2 “ - 0 . 0 9 8 2 0 . 9 9 2 9 0 . 9 9 6 4 4 4 2 3 E 1 y = 3 . 4 6 3 x “ - 0 . 0 8 9 8 “ - 0 . 0 8 9 8 0 . 9 7 0 3 0 . 9 8 5 0 3 8 2 3 E 2 y = 1 1 . 2 7 2 x “ - 0 . 1 3 4 4 “ - 0 . 1 3 4 4 0 . 9 7 3 2 0 . 9 8 6 5 0 9 2 3 E 3 y = 1 2 . 2 0 9 x “ - 0 . 0 6 3 8 “ - 0 . 0 6 3 8 0 . 9 4 5 0 . 9 7 2 1 1 ] 2 3 F 1 y = 1 2 . 0 8 3 x “ - 0 . 0 8 6 5 “ - 0 . 0 8 6 5 0 . 9 8 1 2 0 . 9 9 0 5 5 5 2 3 F 2 y = 1 6 . 7 6 4 x “ - 0 . 1 1 4 9 “ - 0 . 1 1 4 9 0 . 9 8 5 4 0 . 9 9 2 6 7 3 2 3 F 3 y = 1 0 . 8 7 1 x “ - 0 . 0 3 6 6 “ - 0 . 0 3 6 6 0 . 9 8 9 0 . 9 9 4 4 8 5 2 3 6 1 y = 1 1 . 1 4 9 x “ - 0 . 0 7 8 7 “ - 0 . 0 7 8 7 0 . 9 5 0 5 0 . 9 7 4 9 3 6 2 3 G Z y = 1 6 . 5 8 2 x “ - 0 . 1 5 2 1 “ - 0 . 1 5 2 1 0 . 9 8 1 2 0 . 9 9 0 5 5 5 2 3 G 3 y = 1 8 . 8 2 8 x “ - 0 . 1 0 1 5 “ - 0 . 1 0 1 5 0 . 9 8 1 9 0 . 9 9 0 9 0 9 2 3 H ] y = 1 3 . 2 3 3 x “ - 0 . 1 3 2 “ - 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 9 8 4 9 0 . 9 9 2 4 2 1 2 3 H 2 y = 1 6 . 0 9 1 x “ - 0 . 1 0 4 2 “ - 0 . 1 0 4 2 0 . 9 4 9 6 0 . 9 7 4 4 7 4 2 3 H 3 y = 2 1 . 3 2 1 x “ - 0 . 1 3 4 2 “ - 0 . 1 3 4 2 0 . 9 5 7 3 0 . 9 7 8 4 1 7 2 3 A v e r a g e # D I V / O ! 0 . 9 4 9 0 9 1 6 7 0 . 9 7 3 9 A l l s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % 4 8 3 L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n m R R ( i f A 1 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 1 x + 0 . 3 1 8 4 - 1 . 0 0 E - 0 4 0 . 9 6 5 8 0 . 9 8 2 7 5 1 2 3 A 2 y = - 7 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 1 3 7 2 - 7 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 5 2 7 1 0 . 7 2 6 0 1 7 2 3 A 3 y = - 4 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 2 0 6 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 1 9 1 0 . 9 5 8 6 9 7 2 3 B I y = - 9 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 0 4 1 3 - 9 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 8 2 9 2 0 . 9 1 0 6 0 4 2 3 B 2 y = - 4 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 6 7 7 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 2 2 4 0 . 9 6 0 4 1 7 2 3 B 3 y = - 3 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 7 3 1 - 3 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 9 5 5 0 . 9 4 6 3 0 9 2 3 C 1 = - 2 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 7 7 9 - 2 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 1 5 2 0 . 9 5 6 6 6 1 2 3 C 2 y = - 4 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 3 1 1 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 2 9 0 . 9 6 3 8 4 6 2 3 C 3 y = - 4 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 5 3 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 8 3 4 0 . 9 3 9 8 9 4 2 3 D 1 y = - 3 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 9 4 7 - 3 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 8 4 8 0 . 9 4 0 6 3 8 2 3 D 2 y = - 3 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 8 3 1 - 3 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 7 0 4 0 . 9 3 2 9 5 2 2 3 D 3 y = - 7 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 2 6 3 6 - 7 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 7 8 3 0 . 9 3 7 1 7 7 2 3 E 1 y = - 2 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 7 4 - 2 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 7 1 4 0 . 9 3 3 4 8 8 2 3 E 2 y = - 4 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 5 8 9 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 1 3 5 0 . 9 5 5 7 7 2 2 3 E 3 y = - 6 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 2 1 6 3 - 6 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 6 0 2 0 . 9 2 7 4 7 2 3 F 1 y = - 1 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 6 6 9 - 1 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 7 8 1 0 . 9 3 7 0 7 2 3 F 2 y = - 4 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 4 5 4 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 5 0 8 0 . 9 2 2 3 8 8 2 3 F 3 y = - 1 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 9 9 8 - 1 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 4 4 9 0 . 9 1 9 1 8 4 2 3 G 1 y = - 2 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 7 5 3 - 2 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 4 4 5 0 . 9 7 1 8 5 4 2 3 G 2 y = - 3 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 0 6 5 - 3 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 2 2 5 0 . 9 6 0 4 6 9 2 3 G 3 y = - 5 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 8 1 6 - 5 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 5 7 6 0 . 9 7 8 5 7 2 3 H ] y = - 2 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 6 3 3 - 2 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 2 0 3 0 . 9 0 5 7 0 4 2 3 H 2 y = - 3 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 8 7 4 - 3 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 1 5 8 0 . 9 5 6 9 7 4 2 3 H 3 y = - 6 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 9 0 2 - 6 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 4 1 7 0 . 9 7 0 4 1 2 2 3 A v e r a g e - 3 . 5 3 E - 0 5 0 . 8 8 0 8 9 5 8 3 0 . 9 3 7 3 0 5 A 1 1 S i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h m a s s l o s s . 4 8 4 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n “ R R ( i f A 1 y = . 1 4 9 4 x “ - 0 . 0 1 8 8 A - 0 . 0 0 . 7 6 1 9 0 . 8 7 2 8 6 9 2 3 A 2 y = . 6 0 1 3 X A - 0 . 1 3 9 4 “ - 0 . 1 3 9 5 0 . 9 2 7 1 0 . 9 6 2 8 6 2 3 A 3 y = . 2 2 1 7 X A - 0 . 1 3 5 6 A - 0 . 1 3 5 6 0 . 9 5 0 5 0 . 9 7 4 9 3 6 2 3 B I y = . 0 6 0 5 X A - 0 . 0 8 4 6 “ - 0 . 0 8 4 6 0 . 8 7 3 9 0 . 9 3 4 8 2 6 2 3 B 2 y = . 2 5 5 x “ - 0 . 0 9 3 4 A - 0 . 0 9 3 4 0 . 9 6 4 1 0 . 9 8 1 8 8 6 2 3 B 3 y = . 1 5 7 x “ - 0 . 1 7 0 5 A - 0 . 1 7 0 5 0 . 9 4 9 0 . 9 7 4 1 6 6 2 3 C I y = . 1 1 5 X A - 0 . 0 8 5 5 A - 0 . 0 8 5 5 0 . 9 5 7 6 0 . 9 7 8 5 7 2 3 C 2 y = . 2 1 3 4 x “ - 0 . 1 0 8 1 A - 0 . 1 0 8 1 0 . 9 5 4 7 0 . 9 7 7 0 8 8 2 3 C 3 y = . 2 5 0 2 x “ - 0 . 1 1 0 9 A - 0 . 1 1 0 9 0 . 9 5 9 2 0 . 9 7 9 3 8 8 2 3 D 1 y = . 1 7 7 5 x “ - 0 . 1 4 0 6 “ - 0 . 1 4 0 6 0 . 9 6 3 8 0 . 9 8 1 7 3 3 2 3 D 2 y = . 1 5 0 3 X A - 0 . 1 3 4 4 “ - 0 . 1 3 4 4 0 . 9 5 2 5 0 . 9 7 5 9 6 1 2 3 D 3 y = . 4 1 6 3 x “ - 0 . 1 0 2 8 A - 0 . 1 0 2 8 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 8 5 3 9 3 2 3 E 1 y = . 1 0 8 2 X A - 0 . 0 8 5 5 A - 0 . 0 8 5 5 0 . 9 7 1 3 0 . 9 8 5 5 4 6 2 3 E 2 y = . 2 5 4 7 X " - 0 . 1 0 6 1 A - 0 . 1 0 6 1 0 . 9 4 4 6 0 . 9 7 1 9 0 5 2 3 E 3 y = . 3 3 8 5 x “ - 0 . 1 0 1 “ - 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 9 8 8 0 . 9 9 3 9 8 2 2 3 F 1 y = . 0 9 7 6 x “ - 0 . 0 8 3 5 A - 0 . 0 8 3 5 0 . 9 6 4 6 0 . 9 8 2 1 4 1 2 3 F 2 y = . 2 2 9 8 x “ - 0 . 1 0 3 A - 0 . 1 0 3 0 . 9 7 8 7 0 . 9 8 9 2 9 3 2 3 F 3 y = . 1 2 1 X " - 0 . 0 4 4 1 “ - 0 . 0 4 4 1 0 . 9 3 1 0 . 9 6 4 8 8 3 2 3 G 1 y = . 1 1 0 5 X A - 0 . 0 8 4 7 A - 0 . 0 8 4 7 0 . 8 6 0 9 0 . 9 2 7 8 4 7 2 3 G 2 y = . 1 8 0 8 X A - 0 . 1 1 8 A - 0 . 1 1 8 0 . 8 9 6 6 0 . 9 4 6 8 9 2 3 G 3 y = . 2 8 9 4 X A - 0 . 1 0 2 5 A - 0 . 1 0 2 5 0 . 9 3 8 4 0 . 9 6 8 7 1 2 3 H 1 y = . 1 0 2 4 X A - 0 . 1 1 4 1 A - 0 . 1 1 4 1 0 . 9 5 5 7 0 . 9 7 7 5 9 9 2 3 H 2 y = . 1 5 6 9 X A - 0 . 1 3 0 2 A - 0 . 1 3 0 2 0 . 9 4 5 4 0 . 9 7 2 3 1 7 2 3 H 3 y = . 3 4 8 9 X A - 0 . 1 3 3 6 A - 0 . 1 3 3 6 0 . 9 4 2 9 0 . 9 7 1 0 3 2 3 A v e r a g e # D I V / 0 1 0 . 9 3 7 6 4 1 6 7 0 . 9 6 7 9 9 2 A l l S i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r s h a r k ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s ) t o o t h m a s s l o s s . 4 8 5 L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n m R R d f A 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 X + 3 . 4 0 0 1 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 5 1 7 0 . 7 1 9 0 2 7 7 B 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 3 x + 3 . 2 2 0 8 - 0 . 0 0 0 3 0 . 5 2 6 1 0 . 7 2 5 3 2 8 7 C 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 x + 3 . 1 7 2 5 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 5 2 1 5 0 . 7 2 2 1 5 7 D 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 3 X + 2 . 7 7 7 5 - 0 . 0 0 0 3 0 . 8 2 8 2 0 . 9 1 0 0 5 5 7 E 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 X + 2 . 9 1 8 9 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 7 7 9 2 0 . 8 8 2 7 2 3 7 F 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 x + 2 . 2 5 6 4 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 6 6 3 0 . 8 1 4 2 4 8 7 G 4 = - l E - 0 4 x + 1 . 6 0 3 5 - 1 . 0 0 E - 0 4 0 . 4 2 4 5 0 . 6 5 1 5 3 7 7 H 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 2 x + 3 . 4 0 2 1 - 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 5 7 4 8 0 . 7 5 8 1 5 6 7 A v e r a g e - 0 . 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 . 6 0 4 2 8 7 5 0 . 7 7 2 9 0 3 A 4 , B 4 , C 4 — 9 5 % D 4 , E 4 , F 4 - 9 9 % G 4 - 9 0 % H 4 - 9 8 % A v e r a g e s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 8 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r r a y ( R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s . 4 8 6 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n “ R R d f A 4 y = 3 . 7 1 0 3 x “ - 0 . 0 1 9 2 “ - 0 . 0 1 9 2 0 . 7 0 8 6 0 . 8 4 1 7 8 4 7 B 4 y = 3 . 5 9 1 5 x “ - 0 . 0 2 7 “ - 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 8 6 4 0 . 9 2 9 5 1 6 7 C 4 y = 3 . 4 7 7 6 x “ - 0 . 0 2 0 2 “ - 0 . 0 2 0 2 0 . 7 7 5 8 0 . 8 8 0 7 9 5 7 D 4 y = 3 . 1 8 4 x “ - 0 . 0 3 1 8 “ - 0 . 3 1 8 0 . 9 0 6 8 0 . 9 5 2 2 6 7 E 4 y = 3 . 2 3 9 2 x “ - 0 . 0 2 4 3 “ - 0 . 0 2 4 3 0 . 8 7 8 6 0 . 9 3 7 3 3 7 7 F 4 y = 2 . 5 0 2 7 x “ - 0 . 2 3 7 “ - 0 . 2 3 7 0 . 9 0 1 6 0 . 9 4 9 5 2 6 7 G 4 y = 1 . 7 2 1 1 x “ - 0 . 0 1 7 8 “ - 0 . 0 1 7 8 0 . 7 7 4 3 0 . 8 7 9 9 4 3 7 H 4 y = 3 . 7 2 9 2 x “ - 0 . 0 2 1 1 “ - 0 . 0 2 1 1 0 . 8 8 3 1 0 . 9 3 9 7 3 4 7 A v e r a g e # D I V / O ! 0 . 8 3 6 6 0 . 9 1 3 8 6 2 A l l s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r r a y ( R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ) t o o t h h e i g h t l o s s . 4 8 7 L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r r a y ( R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ) t o o t h w i d t h l o s s . 4 8 8 A 4 , B 4 , H 4 - 9 9 % C 4 , E 4 , F 4 - 9 5 % D 4 , 0 4 - 9 0 % A v e r a g e - s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 8 % 2 E q u a t i o n m R R d f A 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 3 x + 1 4 . 9 0 8 - 0 . 0 0 0 3 0 . 8 1 4 7 0 . 9 0 2 6 0 7 7 B 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 4 x ' 1 ' 1 1 . 1 1 3 - 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 . 8 6 8 3 0 . 9 3 1 8 2 6 7 C 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 1 x ' 1 ' 1 3 . 6 0 6 - 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 5 4 4 2 0 . 7 3 7 6 9 9 7 D 4 = - 0 . 0 0 0 1 x + 1 2 . 4 2 8 - 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 4 6 0 2 0 . 6 7 8 3 8 7 E 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 1 X + 1 2 . 4 7 1 - 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 5 5 1 1 0 . 7 4 2 3 6 1 7 F 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 1 x + 1 0 . 5 2 7 - 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 5 4 0 3 0 . 7 3 5 0 5 1 7 G 4 y = - 0 . 0 0 0 1 x + 1 0 . 9 8 4 - 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 4 4 8 0 . 6 6 9 3 2 8 7 H 4 y = - 7 E - 0 5 x + 1 4 . 2 2 3 - 7 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 0 5 1 0 . 8 9 7 2 7 4 7 A v e r a g e - 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 9 0 . 6 2 8 9 8 7 5 0 . 7 8 6 8 1 6 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n “ R R d f A 4 y = 1 5 . 3 5 8 x “ - 0 . 0 0 6 6 “ - 0 . 0 0 6 6 0 . 8 2 3 3 0 . 9 0 7 3 5 9 7 B 4 y = 1 1 . 7 4 4 x “ - 0 . 0 1 2 2 “ - 0 . 0 1 2 2 0 . 9 2 9 8 0 . 9 6 4 2 6 1 7 C 4 y = 1 3 . 8 7 6 x “ - 0 . 0 0 4 2 “ - 0 . 0 0 4 2 0 . 7 6 9 9 0 . 8 7 7 4 3 9 7 D 4 y = 1 2 . 6 6 9 x “ - 0 . 0 0 3 9 “ - 0 . 0 0 3 9 0 . 7 2 0 5 0 . 8 4 8 8 2 3 7 E 4 y = 1 2 . 6 8 1 x “ - 0 . 0 0 3 6 “ - 0 . 0 0 3 6 0 . 7 5 2 6 0 . 8 6 7 5 2 5 7 F 4 y = 1 0 . 7 5 8 x “ - 0 . 0 0 4 7 “ - 0 . 0 0 4 7 0 . 7 3 2 0 . 8 5 5 5 7 7 G 4 y = 1 1 . 1 8 6 x “ - 0 . 0 0 4 3 “ - 0 . 0 0 4 3 0 . 6 9 2 0 . 8 3 1 8 6 5 7 H 4 y = 1 4 . 3 6 x “ - 0 . 0 0 2 “ - 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 8 8 8 2 0 . 9 4 2 4 4 4 7 A v e r a g e # D l V / O ! 0 . 7 8 8 5 3 7 5 0 . 8 8 6 9 1 1 A l l s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r r a y ( R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ) t o o t h w i d t h l o s s . 4 8 9 L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n m R R d f A 4 y = - 7 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 1 7 6 - 7 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 7 2 0 9 0 . 8 4 9 0 5 8 7 B 4 y = - 1 E - 0 5 x + 0 . 0 9 5 4 - 1 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 9 4 9 2 0 . 9 7 4 2 6 9 7 C 4 y = - 6 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 1 5 8 2 - 6 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 5 4 9 5 0 . 7 4 1 2 8 3 7 D 4 y = - l E - 0 5 x + 0 . 1 1 9 2 - 1 . 0 0 E - 0 5 0 . 8 0 2 3 0 . 8 9 5 7 1 2 7 E 4 y = - 9 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 1 1 8 - 9 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 8 9 1 4 0 . 9 4 4 1 4 7 F 4 y = - 4 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 0 8 5 3 - 4 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 7 1 2 4 0 . 8 4 4 0 3 8 7 G 4 y = - 5 E - 0 7 x + 0 . 0 4 0 2 - 5 . 0 0 E - 0 7 0 . 1 0 3 9 0 . 3 2 2 3 3 5 7 H 4 y = - 9 E - 0 6 x + 0 . 1 4 3 - 9 . 0 0 E - 0 6 0 . 8 6 9 8 0 . 9 3 2 6 3 1 7 A v e r a g e - 6 . 9 4 E - 0 6 7 . 0 0 E - 0 1 0 . 8 1 2 9 3 3 A 4 , B 4 , D 4 , E 4 , F 4 , H 4 - 9 9 % C 4 - 9 5 % G 4 - n o t a t a l l A v e r a g e s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r r a y ( R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ) t o o t h m a s s l o s s . 4 9 0 E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n 2 E q u a t i o n “ R R d f A 4 y = . 1 9 2 1 x “ - 0 . 0 1 8 6 “ - 0 . 0 1 8 6 0 . 8 1 9 9 0 . 9 0 5 4 8 3 7 B 4 y = . 1 1 2 6 x “ - 0 . 0 3 6 8 “ - 0 . 0 3 6 8 0 . 8 8 9 7 0 . 9 4 3 2 3 9 7 C 4 y = . 1 7 1 5 x “ - 0 . 0 1 6 5 “ - 0 . 0 1 6 5 0 . 7 6 3 6 0 . 8 7 3 8 4 2 7 D 4 y = . 1 3 7 9 x “ - 0 . 0 3 1 9 “ - 0 . 0 3 1 9 0 . 8 8 2 3 0 . 9 3 9 3 0 8 7 E 4 y = . 0 1 3 5 4 x “ - 0 . 0 2 9 1 “ - 0 . 0 2 9 1 0 . 9 1 2 2 0 . 9 5 5 0 9 2 7 F 4 y = . 0 9 3 1 x “ - 0 . 0 1 9 2 “ - 0 . 0 1 9 2 0 . 7 9 7 9 0 . 8 9 3 2 5 2 7 G 4 y = . 0 4 0 9 x “ - 0 . 0 0 4 2 “ - 0 . 0 0 4 2 0 . 0 9 6 3 0 . 3 1 0 3 2 2 7 H 4 y = . l 6 x “ - 0 . 0 2 4 3 “ - 0 . 0 2 4 3 0 . 9 1 7 6 0 . 9 5 7 9 1 4 7 A v e r a g e # D I V / O ! 7 . 6 0 E - 0 1 0 . 8 4 7 3 0 7 A l l s i g n i fi c a n t a t 9 9 % s a v e f o r G 4 A p p e n d i x 1 c o n t i n u e d : D a t a f o r c o r r e l a t i o n f o r r a y ( R h i n o p t e r a b o n a s u s ) t o o t h m a s s l o s s . 4 9 1 I 1 I T r a e n i L h t i 8 1 1 . 3 w 1 2 4 ( s r u o H — 2 j 8 x . 5 0 2 0 = 0 . 2 0 R 0 - = y 0 0 1 o t 0 m ) o e r n f i l h d t n e e e r T T k r a h S f o s s o L t h g i e H f o e t a R 1 ’ “ 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 1 . . . . . 1 4 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 9 2 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h h e i g h t ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . ( m m ) 1 1 1 3 1 3 H 1 4 ‘ 1 2 7 A 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 T i m e ( H o u r s ) l a i t n e n o 7 6 0 6 0 0 6 8 1 9 4 . 2 0 5 7 = 2 R 1 = y p x E h t i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 ) e m n o r i l d f n e r T h t e e T k r a h S f o s s o L t h g i e H f o e t a R 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 8 0 ) . s 0 6 r u o H ( e m i T 0 . 0 4 0 . 0 2 ‘ 7 " 0 5 3 5 2 5 0 . . 1 1 . 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 4 9 3 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h h e i g h t ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . ( m m ) 1 1 1 3 1 9 1 1 1 4 O M F 1 1 1 ’ 9 r a e n i L h t i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m ) o e r n f i l h d t n e e e r T T k r a h S n i s s o L h t d i W f o e t a R T “ ‘ 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 r 0 8 0 ) r s r u o H ( e m i T 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 6 4 9 4 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h w i d t h ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . 1 1 1 0 . 5 0 9 . 5 ‘ ‘ ( m m ) 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 y = - 0 . 0 0 2 6 x + 8 . 9 7 1 7 R 2 = 0 . 8 1 4 1 ) e n i l d n e r T r e w o P h t 3 9 6 9 . i 0 = 2 R w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m o r f h t 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 r 0 6 ) s r u o H ( e m i T e 0 e T k r a h S n i s s o L h t d i W f o e t a R 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 5 6 1 . 9 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h w i d t h ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . 4 9 5 y = 1 4 . 0 7 1 x - 0 ' 1 0 4 5 I n . 0 0 0 0 ( m m ) “ 1 9 1 M T V ? [ \ 6 . 5 3 0 3 1 . 2 0 7 1 + 9 x . 5 0 0 = - E 2 4 R - = y r a e n i L h t i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m o ) e r n f i h t l d n e e e r T T k r a h S f o s s a M n i s s o L f o e t a R 0 r 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 ) r s 0 6 r u o H ( e m i T , 0 0 4 0 r 0 2 0 8 0 . 0 4 9 6 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h m a s s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . 0 . 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 ) 1 s 0 6 r u o H ( e m i T 0 1 0 4 0 l 0 2 ) e n i l d n e r T r e 7 3 6 w 9 . 0 = 2 R o P h t i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m o r f h t e e T k r a h S f o s s a M n i s s o L f o e t a R 5 3 4 1 1 1 . . . 0 0 0 4 9 7 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n s h a r k t o o t h m a s s ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . 0 . 1 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 8 y : 0 . 2 0 9 8 x - 0 . 1 0 6 2 ) e n i l d n e 6 3 8 . 2 2 6 + r 6 T r x 5 2 . 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 1 e n i L h t i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m o r f h t e e T y a R f o s s o L t h g i e H f o e t a R 0 = . 2 0 0 R - 0 = 8 ) s r u o H ( e m i T 0 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 8 7 7 6 6 . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 4 9 8 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n r a y t o o t h h e i g h t ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . 3 . 0 5 0 0 3 . 0 0 0 0 1 2 . 9 5 0 0 2 . 9 0 0 0 * 2 . 8 5 0 0 ( m m ) 1 0 3 - 9 H ) e n i l d n e r T r e w o P h t i w ( s r u o H 0 0 9 4 1 8 . ) 0 = s r u o H ( e m i T 0 2 R 1 o t 0 m o r f h t e e T y a R f o s s o L t h g i e H f o e t a R o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 9 8 8 7 7 . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 4 9 9 A p p e n d i x 1 c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n r a y t o o t h h e i g h t ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . 2 . 9 5 0 0 ( m m ) 1 1 1 3 1 9 ; ] 2 . 6 5 0 0 y = 3 . 1 2 4 5 x ' 0 ' 0 2 2 5 - 4 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 7 1 7 9 . 8 1 4 + 1 8 x . 6 0 2 0 = 0 - 2 0 R - = y 0 f 0 0 l 0 I 0 8 0 ) 1 s 0 6 r u o H ( e m i T 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 5 5 6 1 . . 0 9 1 5 0 0 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n r a y t o o t h w i d t h ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . ( m m ) l l J P E M R a t e o f W i d t h L o s s i n S h a r k T e e t h f r o m 0 t o 1 0 0 0 H o u r s ( w i t h L i n e a r T r e n d l i n e ) 1 0 ) e n i l d n e r T r e w 4 5 o P h 0 1 3 ' 9 o 6 ' x 9 t . 1 7 0 0 . = 4 1 2 R = y i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m o r f h t e e T k r a h S n i s s o L h t d i W f o e t a R 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 8 0 ) L 0 6 s r u o H ( e m i T . 0 0 4 . 0 0 2 7 0 0 5 5 6 1 . . 9 6 5 0 1 A p p e n d i x 1 c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n r a y t o o t h w i d t h ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . ( m m ) I I J P I M 7 . 5 ) e n i l d n e r T r 9 6 1 1 . 6 0 1 0 0 1 a 0 3 e 9 n i L h + 8 x . 6 0 0 = - E t 2 i w ( s r u o H 0 0 0 1 o t 0 m o r f h t e e T y a R f o s s a M n i s s o L f o e t a R r 0 0 8 7 - = y ) s r u o H ( e m i T r 0 0 6 r 0 0 4 r 0 0 2 0 9 7 7 ‘ 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 8 7 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . 0 9 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 A p p e n d i x 1 c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n r a y t o o t h m a s s ( L i n e a r R e g r e s s i o n ) . 0 . 1 1 5 0 0 ( 3 ) s s a w 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 r 0 0 1 1 0 0 8 ) s r u o H ( e m i T 0 0 6 0 0 4 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . 8 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 “ 0 5 0 3 A p p e n d i x I c o n t i n u e d : R a t e o f c h a n g e i n r a y t o o t h m a s s ( E x p o n e n t i a l R e g r e s s i o n ) . R a t e o f L o s s i n M a s s o f R a y T e e t h f r o m 0 t o 1 0 0 0 H o u r s ( w i t h P o w e r T r e n d l i n e ) 0 . 1 1 6 0 0 ( 3 ) s s e w 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 _ _ A P P E N D I X J S T U D E N T ’ S t — T E S T R E S U L T S F O R T O O T H H E I G H T , W I D T H , A N D M A S S L O S S 5 0 4 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 3 . 2 5 9 8 6 1 1 1 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 7 . 2 2 8 3 9 7 5 6 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 1 4 3 6 5 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 7 8 3 6 8 6 1 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 0 3 6 6 4 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 8 0 7 3 3 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 . 8 2 0 0 6 9 4 4 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 6 . 6 7 2 0 4 3 3 5 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 3 0 0 3 7 7 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 1 . 2 1 4 5 1 8 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 2 1 4 7 2 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 4 2 9 4 4 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 . 5 2 2 0 1 3 8 9 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 6 . 1 3 1 7 2 3 4 2 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 0 8 5 9 6 8 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 1 . 7 9 0 4 5 6 7 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 5 6 9 3 9 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 1 3 8 7 8 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J : S t u d e n t ’ s t - T e s t r e s u l t s f o r t o o t h h e i g h t , w i d t h , a n d m a s s l o s s . 5 0 5 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 . 3 3 4 6 5 2 7 8 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 8 3 4 2 8 3 0 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 7 9 6 6 8 7 8 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 2 . 1 5 5 0 1 5 2 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 5 4 9 9 5 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 7 0 9 9 9 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 . 1 8 7 4 3 0 5 6 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 7 3 4 0 9 8 7 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 7 9 2 3 8 7 2 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 2 . 7 3 7 7 3 2 6 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 3 . 3 2 9 1 8 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 6 . 6 5 8 3 6 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 . 0 9 7 0 1 3 8 9 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 7 2 8 6 3 4 7 7 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 7 7 5 9 2 0 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 0 3 0 4 6 3 7 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 0 9 8 5 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 4 . 1 9 7 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 6 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 9 6 6 7 3 6 1 1 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 6 3 8 4 2 8 1 3 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 7 5 6 0 1 1 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 3 1 7 5 7 8 1 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 3 4 4 8 5 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 6 8 9 7 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 8 5 3 4 7 2 2 2 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 5 7 7 1 6 2 2 9 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 7 4 1 7 1 6 1 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 6 3 0 4 5 1 0 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 3 5 1 6 4 E - l 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 6 7 0 3 3 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 7 3 4 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 4 6 6 1 0 3 9 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 7 1 4 2 0 8 4 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 7 1 6 8 7 7 0 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 3 3 2 9 4 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 4 6 6 5 9 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 7 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 5 6 3 5 7 5 8 9 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 6 1 0 4 3 6 3 1 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 1 1 0 2 2 7 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 7 8 0 2 6 7 3 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 6 6 8 3 9 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 3 3 3 6 8 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 5 0 2 7 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 2 7 8 7 4 1 7 4 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 7 5 8 1 2 2 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 4 . 1 0 8 7 4 8 0 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 0 9 8 4 3 E - 1 3 1 C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 1 9 6 8 7 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 4 0 8 9 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 2 1 3 7 8 5 7 0 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 8 0 9 4 3 0 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 4 . 4 7 9 1 9 5 8 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 3 9 2 7 2 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 4 . 7 8 5 4 3 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 8 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 3 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 1 5 7 2 9 3 6 3 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 6 4 6 2 4 1 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 4 . 5 5 5 1 8 8 8 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 1 4 5 5 8 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 4 . 2 9 1 1 5 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 2 6 1 9 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 1 0 4 5 3 8 8 0 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 5 9 9 0 5 6 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 4 . 7 5 1 7 1 0 7 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 6 2 1 9 1 E - 1 3 1 C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 2 4 3 8 2 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 2 0 0 5 5 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 1 2 4 9 9 3 6 3 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 4 9 4 3 1 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 4 . 9 8 2 1 2 5 1 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 1 7 2 8 1 E - l 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 4 5 6 1 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 0 9 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 1 3 0 6 9 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 0 8 6 6 5 6 9 8 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 5 3 3 5 0 0 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 5 . 2 6 3 6 7 2 5 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 9 3 5 5 6 E - 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 8 7 1 1 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 0 6 9 0 2 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 0 4 9 3 6 6 4 0 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 4 6 9 6 8 5 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 1 5 . 4 0 9 9 2 2 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 4 9 3 4 1 E - 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 2 9 8 6 8 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 . 0 3 3 0 5 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 0 6 2 1 1 9 2 4 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 4 2 8 2 2 4 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 5 . 5 6 3 2 4 9 1 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 2 7 0 9 3 E - 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 0 5 4 1 9 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x . 1 c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 0 H e i g h t S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 0 . 9 8 6 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 0 4 6 4 4 8 0 2 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 5 2 4 1 5 9 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 5 . 8 3 6 7 6 9 8 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e — t a i l 3 . 6 4 8 5 9 E - 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 7 . 2 9 7 1 9 E - 1 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 4 . 4 2 4 7 2 2 2 2 1 0 . 9 4 7 5 V a r i a n c e 9 . 3 3 5 2 6 5 1 3 7 5 . 0 3 4 2 9 6 8 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 6 1 7 1 2 3 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 6 . 0 7 7 8 8 0 1 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 6 4 9 7 4 E - 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 5 . 2 9 9 4 7 E - l 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 1 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 3 . 2 5 9 8 6 1 1 1 1 2 . 8 2 0 0 6 9 4 4 V a r i a n c e 7 . 2 2 8 3 9 7 5 6 4 6 . 6 7 2 0 4 3 3 5 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 7 6 5 9 5 5 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 3 1 2 9 5 0 8 8 P ( T < fi ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 1 3 0 3 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o — t a i l 4 . 2 6 0 6 1 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 0 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 8 2 0 0 6 9 4 4 1 2 . 5 2 2 0 1 3 8 9 V a r i a n c e 6 . 6 7 2 0 4 3 3 5 2 6 . 1 3 1 7 2 3 4 2 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 1 4 5 1 4 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 9 . 7 6 8 9 3 0 3 7 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 9 3 0 5 1 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 1 8 6 1 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 5 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 2 2 0 1 3 8 9 1 2 . 3 3 4 6 5 2 7 8 V a r i a n c e 6 . 1 3 1 7 2 3 4 2 5 5 . 8 3 4 2 8 3 0 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 2 2 8 1 3 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 0 7 1 8 8 1 7 6 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 3 8 8 5 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 6 7 7 6 9 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x . 1 c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 2 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 0 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 3 3 4 6 5 2 7 8 1 2 . 1 8 7 4 3 0 5 6 V a r i a n c e 5 . 8 3 4 2 8 3 0 8 7 5 . 7 3 4 0 9 8 7 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 8 2 2 0 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 2 7 1 6 5 6 2 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 4 4 3 3 2 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 8 8 6 6 3 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 5 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 1 8 7 4 3 0 5 6 1 2 . 0 9 7 0 1 3 8 9 V a r i a n c e 5 . 7 3 4 0 9 8 7 8 7 5 . 7 2 8 6 3 4 7 7 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 9 6 2 4 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 5 0 5 2 9 7 1 0 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 2 9 8 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 2 5 9 6 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 0 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 0 9 7 0 1 3 8 9 1 1 . 9 6 6 7 3 6 1 1 V a r i a n c e 5 . 7 2 8 6 3 4 7 7 8 5 . 6 3 8 4 2 8 1 3 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 8 3 3 5 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 2 . 0 1 7 5 7 0 8 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 0 7 3 2 8 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 1 4 6 5 7 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 3 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 5 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 9 6 6 7 3 6 1 1 1 1 . 8 5 3 4 7 2 2 2 V a r i a n c e 5 . 6 3 8 4 2 8 1 3 5 5 . 5 7 7 1 6 2 2 9 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 5 2 1 3 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 2 2 0 9 4 4 2 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 5 2 6 7 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 5 . 0 5 3 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 0 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 8 5 3 4 7 2 2 2 1 1 . 7 3 4 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 5 . 5 7 7 1 6 2 2 9 9 5 . 4 6 6 1 0 3 9 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 6 6 2 7 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 3 7 6 8 1 6 8 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 3 4 5 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 7 8 6 8 9 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 7 3 4 7 9 1 6 7 1 1 . 5 6 3 5 7 5 8 9 V a r i a n c e 5 . 4 6 6 1 0 3 9 4 5 . 6 1 0 4 3 6 3 1 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 4 9 5 6 5 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 2 . 3 4 1 1 9 7 2 0 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 1 4 1 2 7 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 2 8 2 5 4 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 4 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 6 3 6 8 0 5 5 6 1 1 . 5 0 2 7 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 5 . 3 3 6 0 1 7 8 5 4 5 . 2 7 8 7 4 1 7 4 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 9 8 6 7 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 3 . 7 2 3 3 9 6 1 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 2 6 1 5 3 E - 1 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 4 5 2 3 l E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 5 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 5 0 2 7 0 8 3 3 1 1 . 4 0 8 9 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 5 . 2 7 8 7 4 1 7 4 2 5 . 2 1 3 7 8 5 7 0 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 3 8 3 4 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 5 4 4 4 6 8 8 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 3 9 2 7 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 7 8 5 4 9 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 0 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 4 0 8 9 5 8 3 3 1 1 . 3 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 V a r i a n c e 5 . 2 1 3 7 8 5 7 0 4 5 . 1 5 7 2 9 3 6 3 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 3 6 4 5 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 2 . 5 1 6 8 5 8 2 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 7 4 1 4 1 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 4 8 2 8 2 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 5 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 5 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 3 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 2 6 1 9 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 5 . 1 5 7 2 9 3 6 3 9 5 . 1 0 4 5 3 8 8 0 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 6 5 5 1 9 7 6 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 1 3 9 0 9 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 2 7 8 1 7 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 0 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 2 6 1 9 4 4 4 4 1 1 . 2 0 0 5 5 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 5 . 1 0 4 5 3 8 8 0 8 5 . 1 2 4 9 9 3 6 3 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 2 6 5 8 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 8 2 8 0 6 2 9 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 3 4 5 8 4 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 6 6 9 1 7 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 5 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 2 0 0 5 5 5 5 6 1 1 . 1 3 0 6 9 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 5 . 1 2 4 9 9 3 6 3 9 5 . 0 8 6 6 5 6 9 8 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 3 5 7 5 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 2 . 6 8 4 5 6 7 3 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 3 . 6 2 3 4 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 7 . 2 4 6 8 E - 1 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 6 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 0 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 1 3 0 6 9 4 4 4 1 1 . 0 6 9 0 2 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 5 . 0 8 6 6 5 6 9 8 5 5 . 0 4 9 3 6 6 4 0 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 4 0 6 2 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 3 6 1 6 9 0 8 5 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 6 6 2 9 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 7 3 2 5 8 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 5 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 0 6 9 0 2 7 7 8 1 1 . 0 3 3 0 5 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 5 . 0 4 9 3 6 6 4 0 5 5 . 0 6 2 1 1 9 2 4 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 4 2 0 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 2 3 2 5 1 7 3 1 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 1 5 6 7 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 1 3 3 9 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 0 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 1 . 0 3 3 0 5 5 5 6 1 0 . 9 8 6 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 5 . 0 6 2 1 1 9 2 4 3 5 . 0 4 6 4 4 8 0 2 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 5 2 2 8 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 3 5 7 9 8 4 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 9 6 0 3 1 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 9 2 0 6 2 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 7 H e i g h t S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 9 8 6 0 4 1 6 7 1 0 . 9 4 7 5 V a r i a n c e 5 . 0 4 6 4 4 8 0 2 2 5 . 0 3 4 2 9 6 8 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 8 5 7 5 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 5 4 6 1 5 5 1 9 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 0 8 0 9 1 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 2 1 6 1 8 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 8 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 8 8 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 4 1 3 5 8 5 7 1 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 0 5 5 8 7 5 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 3 . 0 4 2 4 0 0 1 5 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 9 3 9 1 6 3 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 8 7 8 3 2 6 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 8 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 4 1 2 8 4 0 4 7 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 0 9 2 1 2 6 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e - 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 7 1 6 1 2 2 2 6 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 0 8 3 6 6 4 1 C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 2 1 6 7 3 2 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 9 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 8 3 5 2 3 6 1 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 5 6 5 3 5 3 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 8 . 1 2 3 9 4 7 2 4 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 1 3 0 7 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 2 6 1 5 5 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 1 9 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 8 6 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 8 0 3 4 2 4 1 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 4 1 5 0 6 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 2 8 2 3 4 2 0 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 2 6 2 6 6 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 6 5 2 5 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 8 2 0 7 8 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 3 0 6 9 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 7 . 3 2 1 2 7 5 6 8 7 P ( T < 4 ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 9 9 0 7 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 9 8 1 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 4 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 7 6 8 1 6 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 3 9 6 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 3 4 9 0 9 0 4 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 8 0 2 6 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 6 0 5 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 0 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 4 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 7 6 8 1 6 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 3 9 6 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 3 4 9 0 9 0 4 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 8 0 2 6 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 6 0 5 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 2 1 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 5 5 4 3 1 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 2 9 5 1 8 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 6 . 9 5 0 1 5 0 9 3 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 8 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 6 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 1 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 2 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 1 4 7 5 3 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 7 4 0 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 0 0 6 9 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 3 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 9 9 0 8 8 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 7 . 7 1 8 5 2 1 8 6 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 7 2 4 4 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 8 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 9 9 0 8 8 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 7 1 8 5 2 1 8 6 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 7 2 4 4 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 8 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 9 9 0 8 8 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 7 1 8 5 2 1 8 6 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 7 2 4 4 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 8 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 4 H e i g h t R a y s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 6 8 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 2 1 9 4 2 4 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 4 0 4 8 0 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 7 . 8 5 5 6 7 8 1 1 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 1 1 8 3 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 6 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 9 8 4 3 7 5 2 . 6 8 3 9 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 2 4 0 0 8 6 8 1 0 . 3 6 8 2 5 7 8 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 8 5 8 0 7 0 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 8 . 1 0 5 8 0 3 0 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 1 9 0 3 2 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 3 8 0 6 4 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 5 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 8 8 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 . 8 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 1 3 5 8 5 7 1 4 0 . 4 1 2 8 4 0 4 7 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 2 0 5 5 2 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 3 . 6 7 1 9 4 0 3 6 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 9 7 1 9 1 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 7 9 4 3 8 3 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 0 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 8 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 . 7 9 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 4 1 2 8 4 0 4 7 6 0 . 3 8 3 5 2 3 6 1 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 6 8 0 3 1 6 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 2 . 3 9 8 0 5 9 9 7 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 2 3 8 0 0 8 2 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 4 7 6 0 1 6 4 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 5 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 9 1 2 5 2 . 7 8 6 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 8 3 5 2 3 6 1 1 0 . 3 8 0 3 4 2 4 1 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 6 9 5 1 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 1 . 2 0 0 2 0 9 9 6 8 0 . 1 3 4 5 4 7 7 2 4 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 0 . 2 6 9 0 9 5 4 4 7 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 5 2 6 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 0 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 8 6 8 7 5 2 . 7 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 8 0 3 4 2 4 1 1 0 . 3 6 8 2 0 7 8 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 7 0 8 3 7 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 3 . 9 7 2 2 3 9 7 3 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 2 6 8 8 4 4 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 5 3 7 6 8 9 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 5 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 2 . 7 4 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 8 2 0 7 8 8 7 0 . 3 6 7 6 8 1 6 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 9 8 3 6 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 0 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 4 0 6 2 5 2 . 7 4 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 7 6 8 1 6 9 6 0 . 3 6 7 6 8 1 6 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 7 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 5 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 4 0 6 2 5 2 . 7 2 1 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 7 6 8 1 6 9 6 0 . 3 6 4 5 5 4 3 1 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 4 8 8 0 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 2 . 0 4 4 3 7 2 3 3 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 4 0 0 9 6 8 6 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 8 0 1 9 3 7 2 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 0 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 2 1 4 5 8 3 3 3 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 4 5 5 4 3 1 5 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 3 1 4 6 ] H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 5 0 2 7 5 2 9 ] P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 8 8 3 0 2 2 7 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 7 6 6 0 4 5 4 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D l V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 8 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D l V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 5 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D l V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 0 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / 0 ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 2 9 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 5 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 0 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o — t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / 0 ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 0 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 7 0 9 5 8 3 3 3 3 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 4 0 9 1 0 7 1 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 9 9 6 1 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 . 3 3 4 2 2 7 6 0 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 1 1 9 4 8 5 4 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 2 2 3 8 9 7 0 9 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 5 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 6 9 7 5 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 0 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 0 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 6 9 7 5 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 5 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 6 9 7 5 2 . 6 9 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 0 . 3 6 2 3 5 5 5 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! 1 C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 0 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 2 . 6 8 6 2 5 2 . 6 8 3 9 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 2 1 9 4 2 4 6 0 . 3 6 8 2 5 7 8 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 7 6 9 3 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 1 H e i g h t R a y s - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 h O u r s M e a n 2 . 6 8 6 2 5 2 . 6 8 3 9 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 3 6 2 1 9 4 2 4 6 0 . 3 6 8 2 5 7 8 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 7 6 9 3 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t l P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 2 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 . 0 6 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 5 . 9 2 0 8 3 6 4 2 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 3 0 8 2 2 0 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 9 . 6 2 1 3 2 7 0 5 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 8 7 8 5 5 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 7 5 7 1 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 . 6 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 5 . 1 0 8 6 6 6 0 0 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 6 9 3 1 6 9 9 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 9 . 6 1 4 7 1 1 0 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 9 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 9 6 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 . 3 3 0 4 1 6 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 8 0 7 8 4 2 3 3 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 5 9 0 0 8 6 1 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 9 . 9 6 2 7 8 0 5 2 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 1 0 0 7 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 2 0 1 4 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 3 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 . 1 4 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 5 5 5 7 3 3 8 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 5 3 1 8 1 1 2 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 1 4 7 3 5 1 4 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 8 9 8 3 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 5 . 7 9 6 6 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 9 9 4 9 3 0 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 5 2 1 0 5 3 2 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 4 8 7 9 5 6 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 5 5 4 1 6 3 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 3 6 8 3 7 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 7 3 6 7 3 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 9 1 6 3 8 8 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 4 2 8 4 0 9 0 9 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 4 4 5 7 5 7 7 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 5 6 5 2 8 0 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 3 4 0 9 5 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 6 8 1 9 1 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 4 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 8 0 0 2 7 7 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 3 1 9 7 1 6 5 8 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 4 0 5 2 0 9 8 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 7 2 7 2 7 4 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 0 0 0 1 2 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 0 0 2 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 6 9 3 9 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 2 1 3 1 8 9 0 8 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 3 7 1 1 0 5 7 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 8 7 8 3 7 2 9 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 6 2 8 3 9 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 2 5 6 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 5 6 1 5 9 7 2 2 2 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 4 . 0 3 7 2 1 8 4 7 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 2 8 5 5 4 4 0 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 8 4 0 3 7 1 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 1 6 4 0 9 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 6 3 2 8 2 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 5 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 4 5 9 0 2 7 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 9 3 3 9 9 1 7 6 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 2 1 7 7 2 3 2 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( I f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 8 5 9 7 5 0 0 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 8 8 6 2 1 E - 1 l t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 7 7 2 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 3 0 6 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 7 9 5 9 8 8 3 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 0 1 5 3 0 9 1 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 6 1 3 4 4 3 0 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 2 8 6 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 4 5 7 2 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 2 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 6 8 6 5 5 9 8 2 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 8 9 9 6 1 4 2 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 5 2 1 6 7 0 8 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 4 5 1 8 6 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 9 0 3 7 2 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 6 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 1 3 9 5 1 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 6 5 7 4 9 7 4 5 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 8 0 6 7 2 0 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 4 8 4 3 6 2 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 5 5 4 2 7 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l ” 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 1 0 8 5 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 0 6 9 0 2 7 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 5 6 5 2 0 5 0 5 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 7 4 7 6 8 2 0 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 4 9 3 8 1 3 7 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 5 2 7 6 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 0 5 5 2 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 0 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 5 2 3 0 0 4 6 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 6 7 7 2 5 5 6 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 4 9 4 3 5 1 9 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 5 2 6 1 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 0 5 2 2 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 7 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 . 9 2 5 7 6 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 4 8 6 6 8 5 2 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 5 9 4 8 7 9 6 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 5 3 1 0 2 3 0 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 4 2 7 3 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 8 5 4 6 1 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 . 8 5 7 9 1 6 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 4 1 8 3 0 2 7 1 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 5 5 7 2 6 5 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 6 0 6 9 8 5 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 4 3 0 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 4 8 6 1 6 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 . 8 1 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 4 3 1 9 0 6 3 4 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 5 1 9 9 0 9 7 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 6 7 5 9 4 8 4 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 0 9 7 1 4 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 1 9 4 2 8 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 8 W i d t h S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 . 7 5 7 6 9 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 4 6 1 4 0 2 5 9 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 4 7 8 9 3 6 6 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 7 6 6 9 8 3 2 1 P ( T < fi ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 3 1 1 7 6 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 8 6 2 3 5 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 0 . 4 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 . 7 2 4 5 6 9 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 8 . 4 9 2 9 8 5 6 6 8 3 . 4 2 5 8 9 0 8 2 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 8 4 5 0 4 0 3 7 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 0 . 7 8 1 8 5 7 6 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 0 6 6 3 5 E - 1 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 8 1 3 2 7 E - 1 0 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 3 9 W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 9 . 0 6 0 6 2 5 8 . 6 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 5 . 9 2 0 8 3 6 4 2 8 5 . 1 0 8 6 6 6 0 0 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 7 1 9 7 6 8 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 7 8 1 5 1 5 7 7 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 1 7 9 1 6 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 3 5 8 3 2 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 0 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 8 . 6 1 8 7 5 8 . 3 3 0 4 1 6 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 5 . 1 0 8 6 6 6 0 0 2 4 . 8 0 7 8 4 2 3 3 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 6 8 5 8 0 2 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 4 7 5 2 1 6 2 7 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 7 3 1 4 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 3 4 6 2 9 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 5 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 8 . 3 3 0 4 1 6 6 6 7 8 . 1 4 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 4 . 8 0 7 8 4 2 3 3 1 4 . 5 5 5 7 3 3 8 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 2 5 6 1 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 9 5 5 4 7 0 3 3 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 3 5 9 8 1 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 4 . 7 1 9 6 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 0 W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 0 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 8 . 1 4 8 7 5 7 . 9 9 4 9 3 0 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 4 . 5 5 5 7 3 3 8 7 7 4 . 5 2 1 0 5 3 2 5 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 1 2 7 6 1 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 4 3 3 1 2 8 7 7 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 5 7 7 5 9 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 7 1 5 5 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 5 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 9 9 4 9 3 0 5 5 6 7 . 9 1 6 3 8 8 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 4 . 5 2 1 0 5 3 2 5 6 4 . 4 2 8 4 0 9 0 9 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 5 1 3 5 5 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 5 3 4 9 2 2 2 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 2 4 9 9 4 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 2 4 9 9 9 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 0 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 9 1 6 3 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 8 0 0 2 7 7 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 4 . 4 2 8 4 0 9 0 9 8 4 . 3 1 9 7 1 6 5 8 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 8 0 2 5 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 0 9 1 2 1 4 8 3 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 6 3 0 9 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 2 6 1 8 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 1 W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 5 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 8 0 0 2 7 7 7 7 8 7 . 6 9 3 9 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 4 . 3 1 9 7 1 6 5 8 6 4 . 2 1 3 1 8 9 0 8 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 4 6 3 8 1 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 1 9 5 4 6 5 4 2 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 5 7 2 1 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 5 1 4 4 3 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 0 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 6 9 3 9 5 8 3 3 3 7 . 5 6 1 5 9 7 2 2 2 V a r i a n c e 4 . 2 1 3 1 8 9 0 8 5 4 . 0 3 7 2 1 8 4 7 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 9 6 9 7 8 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 3 6 6 1 9 5 5 8 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 4 9 7 1 8 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 6 9 9 4 4 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 5 6 1 5 9 7 2 2 2 7 . 4 5 9 0 2 7 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 4 . 0 3 7 2 1 8 4 7 3 3 . 9 3 3 9 9 1 7 6 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 1 7 4 7 1 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 9 0 2 8 7 1 3 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 5 6 1 2 8 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 5 . 1 2 2 5 7 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 2 W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 4 5 9 0 2 7 7 7 8 7 . 3 0 6 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 3 . 9 3 3 9 9 1 7 6 7 3 . 7 9 5 9 8 8 3 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 5 2 1 7 1 6 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 3 . 8 3 4 7 8 5 5 0 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 4 2 3 5 8 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 8 4 7 1 6 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 5 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 3 0 6 0 4 1 6 6 7 7 . 2 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 3 . 7 9 5 9 8 8 3 6 1 3 . 6 8 6 5 5 9 8 2 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 1 0 7 9 2 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 5 0 5 1 5 3 4 0 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 7 2 1 3 4 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 3 4 4 2 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t — T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 0 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 2 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 7 . 1 3 9 5 1 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 3 . 6 8 6 5 5 9 8 2 3 3 . 6 5 7 4 9 7 4 5 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 2 6 0 1 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 4 1 8 2 2 4 2 8 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 5 1 8 4 1 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 0 3 6 8 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 3 W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 5 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 1 3 9 5 1 3 8 8 9 7 . 0 6 9 0 2 7 7 7 8 V a r i a n c e 3 . 6 5 7 4 9 7 4 5 9 3 . 5 6 5 2 0 5 0 5 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 9 6 9 8 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 6 1 5 6 4 7 2 7 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 9 3 8 7 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 8 7 7 4 E - 0 8 1 C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 0 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 0 6 9 0 2 7 7 7 8 7 . 0 0 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 3 . 5 6 5 2 0 5 0 5 2 3 . 5 2 3 0 0 4 6 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 2 7 5 9 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 7 8 1 9 3 1 6 5 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 3 . 2 2 5 2 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 6 . 4 5 0 4 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 5 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 7 . 0 0 6 2 5 6 . 9 2 5 7 6 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 3 . 5 2 3 0 0 4 6 5 3 . 4 8 6 6 8 5 2 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 2 6 0 7 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 7 3 9 6 4 3 0 1 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 4 5 3 7 5 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 9 0 7 4 9 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 4 W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 0 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 6 . 9 2 5 7 6 3 8 8 9 6 . 8 5 7 9 1 6 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 3 . 4 8 6 6 8 5 2 6 1 3 . 4 1 8 3 0 2 7 1 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 4 3 4 3 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 2 8 0 7 6 0 6 ] 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 0 3 9 5 6 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 7 9 1 1 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 5 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 6 . 8 5 7 9 1 6 6 6 7 6 . 8 1 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 3 . 4 1 8 3 0 2 7 1 7 3 . 4 3 1 9 0 6 3 4 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 6 8 9 3 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 7 2 1 9 5 8 4 0 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 3 . 9 6 5 0 1 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 7 . 9 3 0 0 3 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 0 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 6 . 8 1 1 2 5 6 . 7 5 7 6 9 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 3 . 4 3 1 9 0 6 3 4 1 3 . 4 6 1 4 0 2 5 9 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 9 4 9 9 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 6 3 7 9 7 1 8 2 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 8 6 2 0 3 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 7 2 4 0 6 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 5 - W i d t h S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t — T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 6 . 7 5 7 6 9 4 4 4 4 6 . 7 2 4 5 6 9 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 3 . 4 6 1 4 0 2 5 9 8 3 . 4 2 5 8 9 0 8 2 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 0 0 1 1 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 2 3 5 1 6 3 3 5 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 6 6 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 3 1 3 3 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 6 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 5 6 8 5 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 5 6 6 2 1 0 6 6 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 5 8 8 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 . 0 1 2 2 9 0 5 7 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 2 5 5 1 6 8 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 4 5 1 0 3 3 6 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 5 6 8 5 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 5 6 6 2 1 0 6 6 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 5 8 8 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 0 1 2 2 9 0 5 7 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 2 5 5 1 6 8 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 4 5 1 0 3 3 6 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 5 4 0 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 5 9 8 2 2 0 6 3 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 5 8 9 8 1 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 2 . 2 3 6 6 9 0 1 8 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 3 0 1 8 5 9 8 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 6 0 3 7 1 9 7 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 7 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 6 8 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 2 3 6 5 4 2 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 3 0 0 3 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 2 3 8 3 9 4 2 7 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 9 2 3 9 7 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 8 4 7 9 4 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 3 0 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 7 3 2 9 3 6 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 0 7 6 6 1 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 6 4 0 4 7 6 9 9 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 0 9 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 7 8 2 1 9 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 4 0 0 9 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 3 9 0 1 5 9 9 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 9 5 9 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 9 1 8 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 8 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 4 0 0 9 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 3 9 0 1 5 9 9 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 9 5 9 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 9 1 8 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 4 0 0 9 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 3 9 0 1 5 9 9 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 9 5 9 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 9 1 8 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 4 2 9 9 9 2 0 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 5 4 1 0 0 7 4 3 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 4 3 4 0 4 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 8 6 8 0 9 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 4 9 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 3 4 1 6 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 2 5 0 7 5 3 9 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 2 1 0 9 8 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 6 3 3 7 2 4 7 0 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 3 9 3 8 5 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 7 8 7 7 1 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 h o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 4 2 6 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 1 9 7 7 7 0 4 9 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 2 8 0 4 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 6 0 8 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 4 2 6 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 1 9 7 7 7 0 4 9 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 2 8 0 4 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 6 0 8 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 0 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 4 2 6 2 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 5 . 1 9 7 7 7 0 4 9 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 2 8 0 4 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 6 0 8 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 0 6 3 8 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 8 5 5 7 8 7 9 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 9 2 2 0 1 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 0 6 3 8 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 8 5 5 7 8 7 9 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 9 2 2 0 ] 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 1 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 0 6 3 8 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 8 5 5 7 8 7 9 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 9 2 2 0 1 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 0 6 3 8 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 8 5 5 7 8 7 9 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 9 2 2 0 1 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 0 6 3 8 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 8 5 5 7 8 7 9 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 9 2 2 0 1 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 2 W i d t h R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 0 6 3 8 3 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 4 . 8 5 5 7 8 7 9 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 9 2 2 0 1 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 8 5 6 2 5 1 2 . 3 9 2 2 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 4 9 1 4 0 0 7 4 4 2 . 6 4 3 6 1 2 6 4 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 7 3 4 3 0 9 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 3 3 7 5 0 4 1 0 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 7 0 3 2 2 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 4 0 6 4 4 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 3 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 6 8 5 4 1 6 7 1 2 . 5 6 8 5 4 1 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 5 6 6 2 1 0 6 6 5 2 . 5 6 6 2 1 0 6 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 0 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 6 8 5 4 1 6 7 1 2 . 5 4 0 8 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 5 6 6 2 1 0 6 6 5 2 . 5 9 8 2 2 0 6 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 8 3 6 7 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 2 . 9 6 2 2 5 0 3 8 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 1 0 5 1 8 8 8 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 2 1 0 3 7 7 6 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 5 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 5 4 0 8 3 3 3 3 1 2 . 4 6 8 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 2 . 5 9 8 2 2 0 6 3 5 2 . 6 0 2 3 6 5 4 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 0 3 3 ] H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 6 . 4 2 4 8 3 3 0 5 5 P ( T < fi ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 7 9 3 5 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 3 5 8 7 1 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 4 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 0 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 6 8 1 2 5 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 2 3 6 5 4 2 7 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 8 8 3 3 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 2 . 6 2 6 3 7 2 5 9 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 1 7 0 4 5 9 3 8 1 C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 3 4 0 9 1 8 7 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 5 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 0 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D l V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 5 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 5 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 0 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 4 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 5 8 8 2 8 3 7 3 2 . 6 4 2 9 9 9 2 ] O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 9 1 6 2 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 3 7 5 1 2 . 4 3 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 4 2 9 9 9 2 0 6 2 . 6 2 5 0 7 5 4 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 8 8 9 ] 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t l P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 6 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 3 4 1 6 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 2 5 0 7 5 3 9 7 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 ? O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 5 9 5 5 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 . 8 3 9 2 5 6 5 8 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 5 4 2 3 1 5 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 0 8 4 6 3 1 5 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 5 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D l V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 0 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / 0 ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 7 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 5 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 1 0 4 1 6 6 7 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 5 9 6 4 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 7 1 3 0 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 3 2 2 8 7 5 6 5 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 1 3 7 2 6 4 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 2 2 7 4 5 2 8 1 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 0 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D l V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 5 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 8 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 0 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n l H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D l V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D l V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 5 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n l H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D l V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 0 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 5 9 W i d t h R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 1 2 . 4 0 4 5 8 3 3 3 1 2 . 3 9 2 2 9 1 7 V a r i a n c e 2 . 6 0 4 5 5 3 7 7 2 . 6 4 3 6 1 2 6 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 1 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 3 4 2 5 4 4 6 7 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 1 0 6 6 1 4 6 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 2 2 1 3 2 2 9 2 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 0 M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 3 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 4 7 1 1 8 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 5 6 0 2 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 6 1 3 6 6 1 4 1 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 9 6 0 2 9 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 9 2 0 5 7 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 2 8 4 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 4 4 6 8 3 9 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 6 9 4 0 9 6 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 7 8 2 9 3 4 8 6 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 3 . 4 2 6 7 7 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 6 . 8 5 3 5 4 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 2 3 9 8 6 1 1 1 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 4 1 3 7 9 9 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 6 1 2 0 8 ] 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 2 7 3 8 1 0 0 3 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 1 9 8 1 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 9 6 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 1 M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 2 1 2 0 1 3 8 9 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 9 2 4 1 2 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 5 4 2 0 2 0 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 3 0 5 7 7 6 8 0 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 1 2 0 1 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 2 4 0 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 8 4 3 9 5 8 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 7 8 0 7 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 5 5 0 0 8 1 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 8 0 7 9 0 7 4 6 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 3 . 9 6 0 1 8 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 7 . 9 2 0 3 7 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 7 5 4 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 6 7 8 2 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 5 7 9 5 6 0 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 7 3 6 6 8 3 5 9 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 5 8 0 2 1 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 1 6 0 4 2 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 2 M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 4 9 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 5 2 8 6 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 4 0 5 7 8 4 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 6 3 1 6 4 4 8 ] P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 6 8 2 9 6 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 1 3 6 5 9 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 2 7 6 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 2 7 9 5 4 6 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 3 6 8 0 7 8 4 8 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 8 2 7 5 3 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 9 6 5 5 1 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 0 5 3 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 3 7 6 6 9 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 7 7 3 0 6 9 5 3 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 2 5 1 8 5 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 5 0 3 7 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 3 M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 9 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 ] 1 4 2 9 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 1 7 4 4 1 5 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 4 5 8 5 2 9 1 4 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 1 3 5 0 9 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 6 2 7 0 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 7 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 3 0 1 4 3 7 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 0 7 8 7 9 9 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 3 8 1 4 1 8 7 8 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 5 5 6 7 2 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 9 1 1 3 4 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 6 0 4 8 6 ] 1 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 8 8 7 7 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 5 0 5 8 7 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 2 8 3 0 7 4 8 6 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 1 7 4 9 4 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 4 9 8 7 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 4 M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 6 5 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 5 6 9 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 8 5 4 3 5 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 9 5 4 6 9 5 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 2 6 2 3 7 5 0 0 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 2 7 3 4 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 4 5 4 6 9 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 3 9 2 3 6 ] 1 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 7 6 3 6 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 7 4 6 4 6 4 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 2 3 9 2 7 2 4 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 8 8 6 9 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 5 7 7 3 8 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 7 5 9 4 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 7 4 6 2 0 3 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 2 4 6 5 0 5 8 9 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 6 9 1 5 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l l . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 5 3 8 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 2 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 7 1 6 4 8 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 5 4 9 6 9 0 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 3 8 7 9 4 2 1 5 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 9 . 4 2 7 1 E - 0 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o — t a i l 1 . 8 8 5 4 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 1 4 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 6 3 0 1 1 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 4 8 3 6 5 ] H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 8 2 1 2 8 9 3 4 3 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 3 6 2 6 1 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 7 2 5 2 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 5 4 5 1 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 3 0 3 7 1 2 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 1 6 2 5 8 7 1 8 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 5 1 5 9 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 0 3 1 8 6 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 6 M a s s S h a r k t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 0 9 9 7 6 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 5 2 4 2 2 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 2 9 9 4 4 7 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 1 6 6 3 6 6 2 4 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 5 0 3 8 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 3 . 0 0 7 6 4 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 4 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 0 9 8 6 8 0 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 5 1 4 7 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 2 4 7 1 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 8 1 8 9 7 2 4 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 8 . 1 8 1 1 6 8 5 5 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 4 5 7 3 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 9 1 4 6 6 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 7 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 3 2 5 0 . 1 2 8 4 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 4 7 1 1 8 7 7 0 . 0 0 4 4 6 8 3 9 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 5 9 6 6 8 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 4 8 2 2 6 2 4 5 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 6 2 7 2 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 3 2 5 4 5 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 0 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 2 8 4 7 9 1 6 7 0 . 1 2 3 9 8 6 1 1 1 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 4 4 6 8 3 9 2 0 . 0 0 4 1 3 7 9 9 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 6 5 1 9 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 6 1 1 2 1 5 0 9 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 9 8 7 0 1 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 9 7 4 0 2 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 5 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 2 3 9 8 6 1 1 1 0 . 1 2 1 2 0 1 3 8 9 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 4 1 3 7 9 9 7 0 . 0 0 3 9 2 4 1 2 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 8 8 7 4 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 4 0 2 7 8 4 9 2 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 7 9 6 2 1 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 5 5 9 2 4 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 8 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 0 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 2 1 2 0 1 3 8 9 0 . 1 1 8 4 3 9 5 8 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 9 2 4 1 2 8 0 . 0 0 3 7 8 0 7 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 3 7 6 9 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 7 . 3 8 7 8 9 1 4 7 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 8 . 1 7 1 7 3 E - 0 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 6 3 4 3 5 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 5 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 8 4 3 9 5 8 3 0 . 1 1 7 5 4 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 7 8 0 7 9 6 0 . 0 0 3 6 7 8 2 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 1 2 0 4 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 2 . 5 9 8 6 1 8 5 7 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 8 0 2 9 7 3 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 6 0 5 9 4 6 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 0 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 7 5 4 3 7 5 0 . 1 1 4 9 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 6 7 8 2 7 7 0 . 0 0 3 5 2 8 6 7 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 4 7 5 1 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 6 2 1 0 4 3 3 6 2 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 1 . 2 2 8 0 3 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 2 . 4 5 6 0 6 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 6 9 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 5 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 4 9 7 9 1 6 7 0 . 1 1 2 7 6 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 5 2 8 6 7 7 0 . 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 2 4 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 6 9 8 8 0 3 9 9 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 9 3 0 5 5 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 9 . 8 6 1 1 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 0 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 2 7 6 3 8 8 9 0 . 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 6 2 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 0 5 3 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 0 1 8 4 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 3 . 9 1 4 4 0 6 8 0 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 3 4 7 8 ] t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 9 5 6 2 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 . 1 0 9 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 0 5 3 3 0 . 0 0 3 ] 1 4 2 9 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 9 0 3 6 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 4 9 5 3 1 1 9 6 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 8 8 4 9 8 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < fi ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 3 7 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 0 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 9 1 8 7 5 0 . 1 0 7 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 1 1 4 2 9 5 0 . 0 0 3 0 1 4 3 7 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 9 8 4 7 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 5 . 7 0 4 9 1 6 7 7 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 4 . 1 3 2 3 2 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 8 . 2 6 4 6 4 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 5 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 7 7 9 1 6 6 7 0 . 1 0 6 0 4 8 6 ] l V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 3 0 1 4 3 7 5 0 . 0 0 2 8 8 7 7 9 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 1 6 7 4 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 9 0 6 5 0 0 6 4 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 2 . 9 4 1 1 4 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 5 . 8 8 2 2 8 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 0 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 6 0 4 8 6 1 1 0 . 1 0 5 6 9 4 4 4 4 V a r i a n c e 0 0 0 2 8 8 7 7 9 6 0 0 0 2 8 5 4 3 5 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 1 6 7 1 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 2 2 8 6 8 6 2 5 5 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 1 5 8 6 7 7 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 3 1 7 3 5 5 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 1 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 5 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 5 6 9 4 4 4 4 0 . 1 0 3 9 2 3 6 ] 1 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 8 5 4 3 5 2 0 . 0 0 2 7 6 3 6 7 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 5 0 7 2 9 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 6 3 7 4 3 0 2 1 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 5 . 7 4 5 2 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 4 9 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 0 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 3 9 2 3 6 ] l 0 . 1 0 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 7 6 3 6 7 1 0 . 0 0 2 7 5 9 4 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 8 2 3 7 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 2 3 t S t a t 1 . 4 0 5 7 4 0 2 8 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 8 6 5 8 3 4 6 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 7 3 1 6 6 9 2 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 5 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 3 8 3 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 2 0 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 7 5 9 4 3 0 . 0 0 2 7 1 6 4 8 9 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 9 8 4 7 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 6 . 5 0 7 1 8 9 2 1 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 6 . 1 0 3 3 7 E - 0 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 1 . 2 2 0 6 7 E - 0 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 2 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 0 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 2 0 4 1 6 6 7 0 . 1 0 1 4 7 9 1 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 7 1 6 4 8 9 0 . 0 0 2 6 3 0 1 1 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 6 9 4 4 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 2 . 3 3 2 5 7 0 8 9 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 1 4 3 9 1 3 8 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 2 8 7 8 2 7 7 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 5 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 1 4 7 9 1 6 7 0 . 1 0 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 6 3 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 5 4 5 1 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 1 5 7 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 1 7 2 7 6 1 6 7 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 8 3 0 2 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 3 6 6 0 4 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 0 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 0 0 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 0 9 9 7 6 3 8 8 9 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 5 4 5 1 6 2 0 . 0 0 2 5 2 4 2 2 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 4 1 3 2 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 1 . 6 9 9 8 0 5 1 2 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 5 1 3 2 6 9 1 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 0 . 1 0 2 6 5 3 8 2 4 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 5 7 3 M a s s S h a r k - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 0 9 9 7 6 3 8 8 9 0 . 0 9 8 6 8 0 5 5 6 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 2 5 2 4 2 2 7 0 . 0 0 2 4 7 1 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 2 4 2 4 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 8 1 6 8 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 2 3 t S t a t 4 . 5 3 0 9 9 6 5 3 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 7 . 4 9 1 3 7 E - 0 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 7 1 3 8 7 0 0 0 6 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 9 8 2 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 0 6 8 6 5 4 7 9 4 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 4 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 6 5 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 4 7 6 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 9 4 7 8 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( f f 7 t S t a t 1 . 8 2 0 9 3 0 9 3 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 5 5 7 0 8 2 3 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 1 1 4 1 6 4 6 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 6 5 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 6 4 9 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 8 3 0 3 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( f f 7 t S t a t 1 . 5 9 5 4 4 8 0 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 7 7 3 2 1 1 3 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 5 4 6 4 2 2 6 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 5 7 7 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 3 9 6 8 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 1 9 9 4 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( f f 7 t S t a t 2 . 1 1 5 6 1 9 2 1 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 3 6 0 9 3 4 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 7 2 1 8 6 9 6 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o — t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 5 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 5 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 5 6 5 7 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 5 8 6 4 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 3 . 1 1 3 9 4 3 9 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 8 4 9 3 5 5 9 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 6 9 8 7 1 1 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 3 4 6 3 7 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 3 . 3 6 7 8 7 6 5 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 5 9 7 7 4 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 1 9 5 4 9 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 3 4 6 3 7 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 3 . 3 6 7 8 7 6 5 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 5 9 7 7 4 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 1 9 5 4 9 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 6 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 3 4 6 3 7 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 3 . 3 6 7 8 7 6 5 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 5 9 7 7 4 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 1 9 5 4 9 3 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 4 5 2 7 3 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 2 5 7 6 3 4 4 3 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 7 8 7 7 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 7 5 7 5 4 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 4 5 2 7 3 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 4 2 5 7 6 3 4 4 3 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 7 8 7 7 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 7 5 7 5 4 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 7 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 4 5 2 7 3 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 2 5 7 6 3 4 4 3 5 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 8 7 8 7 7 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 7 5 7 5 4 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . ] 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 2 9 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 2 4 6 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 2 2 9 9 2 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 2 1 1 9 0 6 4 8 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 9 8 8 1 6 3 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 3 9 7 6 3 2 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 2 5 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 2 1 1 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 8 1 7 3 9 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 5 . 5 6 0 0 4 7 6 2 4 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 4 2 5 4 3 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o — t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 8 5 0 8 7 2 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 8 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 2 2 7 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 7 3 8 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 3 7 1 5 8 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 5 . 1 5 8 4 2 8 4 5 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 5 5 8 6 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 1 7 3 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 3 3 3 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 1 3 1 6 3 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 5 . 2 1 1 5 5 6 6 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 1 8 6 0 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 2 3 7 2 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 3 3 3 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 8 1 3 1 6 3 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 5 . 2 1 1 5 5 6 6 7 3 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 6 1 8 6 0 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o — t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 2 3 7 2 0 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 7 9 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 5 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 2 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 7 6 0 7 6 1 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 4 . 9 2 2 7 3 0 4 1 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 8 5 4 1 6 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 7 0 8 3 2 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 5 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 2 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 7 6 0 7 6 1 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 4 . 9 2 2 7 3 0 4 ] 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 8 5 4 1 6 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 7 0 8 3 2 8 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 0 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 5 6 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 6 8 0 5 2 5 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 4 . 6 7 1 0 6 8 5 5 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 1 4 2 3 1 4 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 2 2 8 4 6 2 7 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 0 M a s s R a y t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 0 9 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 4 6 4 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 6 9 4 5 1 2 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 4 . 9 1 2 6 4 0 5 6 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 8 6 4 0 2 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 1 7 2 8 0 5 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 7 0 8 3 3 3 0 . 1 0 9 5 2 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 2 8 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 6 7 7 0 0 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 7 4 2 6 0 8 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 6 . 0 6 7 5 9 0 2 2 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 2 5 3 5 2 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 7 0 5 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 1 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 h o u r s 1 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 5 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 6 5 4 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 4 7 6 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 6 4 9 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 9 6 3 3 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 0 0 H o u r s 1 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 6 5 4 1 6 6 7 0 . 1 1 5 7 7 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 6 4 9 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 3 9 6 8 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 6 2 9 5 0 5 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 . 8 2 4 4 4 1 3 7 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 5 5 4 2 2 3 9 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 1 0 8 4 4 7 9 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 1 5 0 H o u r s 2 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 5 7 7 0 8 3 3 0 . 1 1 5 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 3 9 6 8 2 0 . 0 0 1 8 5 6 5 7 5 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 8 1 6 1 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 2 . 3 9 0 9 5 5 1 7 9 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 2 4 0 5 0 6 1 7 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 4 8 1 0 1 2 3 4 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 2 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 0 0 H o u r s 2 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 5 1 8 7 5 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 5 6 5 7 5 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 2 5 9 7 ] 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 2 2 9 4 8 0 5 0 8 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 2 7 7 0 6 8 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 5 5 4 1 3 6 9 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 2 5 0 H o u r s 3 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 0 0 H o u r s 3 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i fl e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / 0 ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 3 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 3 5 0 H o u r s 4 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 3 7 9 1 6 6 7 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 3 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 5 2 7 1 9 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 . 4 3 3 5 4 3 1 1 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 9 7 4 0 9 6 4 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 9 4 8 1 9 2 8 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 0 0 H o u r s 4 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 4 5 0 H o u r s 5 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 4 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 0 0 H o u r s 5 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 3 1 2 5 0 . 1 1 2 9 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 2 3 0 6 2 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 2 4 6 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 2 6 8 8 4 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 5 5 0 H o u r s 6 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 2 9 3 7 5 0 . 1 1 2 5 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 8 1 2 4 6 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 2 1 1 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 8 4 4 9 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( I f 7 t S t a t 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 0 0 H o u r s 6 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 2 5 6 2 5 0 . 1 1 2 2 7 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 2 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 7 3 8 8 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 8 1 7 0 3 9 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 0 . 1 7 5 3 0 8 3 3 1 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 3 5 0 6 1 6 6 6 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 5 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 6 5 0 H o u r s 7 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 2 2 7 0 8 3 3 0 . 1 1 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 7 3 8 8 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 3 3 3 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 1 8 3 6 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 1 . 9 8 8 6 2 1 7 8 1 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 4 3 5 3 4 0 0 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 8 7 0 6 8 0 ] 1 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 0 0 H o u r s 7 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 1 8 7 5 0 . 1 1 1 8 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 3 3 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 3 3 3 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 7 5 0 H o u r s 8 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 1 8 7 5 0 . 1 1 1 5 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 3 3 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 2 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 0 4 5 5 7 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 5 2 3 0 1 9 2 4 8 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 8 5 7 8 5 8 4 3 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 0 . 1 7 1 5 7 1 6 8 5 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 6 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 0 0 H o u r s 8 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 1 5 6 2 5 0 . 1 1 1 5 6 2 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 2 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 2 6 1 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 1 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l # D I V / O ! P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l # D I V / O ! t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 8 5 0 H o u r s 9 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 1 5 6 2 5 0 . 1 1 1 0 8 3 3 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 2 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 5 6 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 7 7 1 8 6 6 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 5 1 0 4 8 9 1 0 2 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 8 7 3 3 3 8 3 8 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 7 4 6 6 7 6 7 6 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 0 0 H o u r s 9 5 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 1 0 8 3 3 3 3 0 . 1 1 0 9 3 7 5 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 6 4 5 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 4 6 4 2 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 8 2 8 9 2 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 d f 7 t S t a t 1 . 5 0 7 1 5 7 3 1 7 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 8 7 7 4 9 7 2 5 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 1 7 5 4 9 9 4 4 9 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 7 M a s s R a y - b e t w e e n i n t e r v a l s t - T e s t : P a i r e d T w o S a m p l e f o r M e a n s 9 5 0 H o u r s 1 0 0 0 H o u r s M e a n 0 . 1 1 0 9 3 7 5 0 . 1 0 9 5 2 0 8 3 3 V a r i a n c e 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 4 6 4 2 0 . 0 0 1 6 7 7 0 0 3 O b s e r v a t i o n s 8 8 P e a r s o n C o r r e l a t i o n 0 . 9 9 9 9 1 0 3 8 H y p o t h e s i z e d M e a n D i f f e r e n c e 0 ( i f 7 t S t a t 3 . 0 8 1 8 2 6 1 7 6 P ( T < = t ) o n e - t a i l 0 . 0 0 8 8 8 4 8 7 2 t C r i t i c a l o n e - t a i l 1 . 8 9 4 5 7 7 5 0 8 P ( T < = t ) t w o - t a i l 0 . 0 1 7 7 6 9 7 4 3 t C r i t i c a l t w o - t a i l 2 . 3 6 4 6 2 2 5 6 A p p e n d i x J c o n t i n u e d . 5 8 8 R E F E R E N C E S 5 8 9 A g a s s i z , L . 1 8 3 3 - 1 8 4 3 . R e c h e r c h e s s u r l e s P o i s s o n s f o s s i l e s . P e t i t p i e r r e , N e u c h a t e l e t S o l e u r e . 5 v o l u m e s . 1 4 2 0 . A n d r e , W . 1 7 8 4 . A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e t e e t h o f t h e A n a r r h i c h a s l u p u s L i n n a e i , a n d t h o s e o f t h e C h a e t o d o n n i g r i c a n s o f t h e s a m e a u t h o r ; t o w h i c h i s a d d e d , a n a t t e m p t t o p r o v e t h a t t h e t e e t h o f c a r t i l a g i n o u s fi s h e s a r e p e r p e t u a l l y r e n e w e d . P h i l o s o p h i c a l T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e R o y a l S o c i e t y o f L o n d o n . 7 4 ( 1 7 8 4 ) : 2 7 4 - 2 8 2 . A n s t e y , R . L . , P a c h u t , J . F . , a n d T u c k e y , M E . 2 0 0 3 . P a t t e r n s o f b r y o z o a n e n d e m i s m t h r o u g h t h e O r d o v i c i a n — S i l u r i a n t r a n s i t i o n . P a l e o b i o l o g y . 2 9 ( 3 ) : 3 0 5 — 3 2 8 . A n t u n e s , M . T . 1 9 7 2 . L e s S q u a l e s ( C r é t a c é e t T e r t i a i r e ) : i n t é r é t p o u r l a s t r a t i g r a p h i e e t s a p r o b l é m a t i q u e . M é m o i r e s d u B u r e a u d e r e c h e r c h e s g e ’ o l o g i q u e s e t m i n i e r e s . 7 7 ( 1 ) : 3 4 5 - 3 5 5 . A n t u n e s , M . T . a n d C a p p e t t a , H . 2 0 0 2 . S é l a c i e n s d u C r é t a c e ’ ( A l b i e n - M a a s t r i c h t i e n ) d ’ A n g o l a . P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c a , A b t e i l u n g A : P a l a e o z o o l o g i e - S t r a t i g r a p h i c . 2 6 4 ( 5 - 6 ) : 8 5 - 1 4 6 . A p p l e g a t e , S P . 1 9 6 5 . T o o t h t e r m i n o l o g y a n d v a r i a t i o n i n s h a r k s w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o t h e s a n d s h a r k , C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s R a fi n e s q u e . C o n t r i b u t i o n s i n S c i e n c e , L o s A n g e l e s C o u n t y M u s e u m . 8 6 : 3 - 1 7 . A p p l e g a t e , S P . 1 9 7 4 . A r e v i s i o n o f t h e h i g h e r t a x a o f o r e c t o l o b i d s . J o u r n a l o f t h e M a r i n e B i o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f I n d i a . ( 1 9 7 2 p u b l i s h e d 1 9 7 4 ) . 1 4 ( 2 ) : 7 4 3 - 7 5 1 . A r a m b o u r g , C . 1 9 5 2 . L e s v e r t é b r e ’ s f o s s i l e s d e s g i s e m e n t s d e p h o s p h a t e s ( M a r o c - A l g e r i e - T u n i s i e ) . N o t e s e t M é m o i r e s d u S e r v i c e G e ’ o l o g i q u e d u M a r o c . 9 2 . 3 7 2 . A r g a s t , S . , F a r l o w , J . O . , G a b e t , R . M . , a n d B r i n k m a n , D . L . 1 9 8 7 . T r a n s p o r t - i n d u c e d a b r a s i o n o f f o s s i l r e p t i l i a n t e e t h : I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r t h e e x i s t e n c e o f T e r t i a r y d i n o s a u r s i n t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n , M o n t a n a . G e o l o g y . 1 5 : 9 2 7 - 9 3 0 . A r r a t i a , G . 1 9 9 9 . T h e m o n o p h y l y o f T e l e o s t e i a n d s t e m - g r o u p t e l e o s t s . C o n s e n s u s a n d d i s a g r e e m e n t s . I n A r r a t i a , G . a n d S h u l t z e , H . - P . ( e d s ) . M e s o z o i c F i s h e s I I : S y s t e m a t i c s a n d F o s s i l R e c o r d . V e r l a g D r . F . P f e i l , M i i n c h e n . 2 6 5 - 3 3 4 . B e a v a n , N . a n d R u s s e l l , A P . 1 9 9 9 . A n e l a s m o b r a n c h a s s e m b l a g e f r o m t h e T e r r e s t r i a l - M a r i n e T r a n s i t i o n a l L e t h b r i d g e C o a l Z o n e ( D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n : U p p e r C a m p a n i a n ) , A l b e r t a , C a n a d a . J o u r n a l o f P a l e o n t o l o g y . 7 3 ( 3 ) : 4 9 4 - 5 0 3 . B e h r e n s m e y e r , A K . 1 9 9 1 . T e r r e s t r i a l v e r t e b r a t e a c c u m u l a t i o n s . I n A l l i s o n , R A . a n d B r i g g s , D . E . G . ( e d s ) . T a p h o n o m y : R e l e a s i n g t h e d a t a l o c k e d i n t h e f o s s i l r e c o r d , v o l u m e 9 o f T o p i c s i n G e o l o g y . P l e n u m P r e s s , N e w Y o r k . 2 9 1 - 3 3 5 . B e r g , L S . 1 9 4 0 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f fi s h e s , b o t h r e c e n t a n d f o s s i l . T r a v a u x d e l ’ I n s t i t u t 5 9 0 Z o o l o g i q u e d e l ’ A c a d e m i e d e s S c i e n c e s d e l ’ U r s s . 5 : 8 5 - 5 1 7 . [ i n R u s s i a n a n d E n g l i s h ] B e r g , L S . 1 9 5 8 . S y s t e m d e r R e z e n t e n u n d F o s s i l e n F i s c h a r t i g e n u n d F i s c h e . V E B D e u t s c h e r V e r l a g d e r W i s s e n s c h a f t e n , B e r l i n . 3 1 0 . B e r g m a n , K . M . a n d E b e r t h , D A . 1 9 9 8 . R e g i o n a l c o r r e l a t i o n o f B e l l y R i v e r ( J u d i t h R i v e r ) G r o u p ( C a m p a n i a n ) , A l b e r t a a n d S a s k a t c h e w a n . I n C h r i s t o p h e r , J . E . , G i l b o y , C . F . , P a t e r s o n , D E , a n d B e n d , S . L . ( e d s ) . E i g h t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l W i l l i s t o n B a s i n S y m p o s i u m . S a s k a t c h e w a n G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y S p e c i a l P u b l i c a t i o n N o . 1 3 . 1 4 0 . B i d d l e , J . P . 1 9 9 3 . L e s E l a s m o b r a n c h s d e l ’ A l b i e n i n f é r i e u r e t m o y e n ( C r é t a c e ’ i n f é r i e u r ) d e l a M a r n e e t d e l a H a u t e — M a r n e ( F r a n c e ) . E l a s m o b r a n c h s e t S t r a t g r a p h i e . B e l g i a n G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , P r o f e s s i o n a l P a p e r 2 6 4 : 1 9 1 - 2 4 0 . B i g e l o w , H . B . a n d S c h r o e d e r , W C . 1 9 5 3 . C h i m a e r o i d s . I n T e e - V a n , J . , B r e d e r , C . M . , P a r r , A . E . , S c h r o e d e r , W . C . , a n d S c h u l t z , L . P . ( e d s ) . F i s h e s o f t h e w e s t e r n N o r t h A t l a n t i c . M e m o i r s o f t h e S e a r s F o u n d a t i o n f o r M a r i n e R e s e a r c h N o . 1 , P a r t 2 . Y a l e U n i v e r s i t y , N e w H a v e n . 5 1 5 - 5 8 8 . B i l e l o , M A . 1 9 6 9 . T h e f o s s i l s h a r k g e n u s S q u a l i c o r a x i n n o r t h — c e n t r a l T e x a s . T h e T e x a s J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 2 0 ( 4 ) : 3 3 9 - 3 4 8 . B l a k e , S . 1 9 4 0 . P a r a l b u l a , a n e w f o s s i l fi s h b a s e d o n d e n t a l p l a t e s f r o m t h e E o c e n e a n d M i o c e n e o f M a r y l a n d . J o u r n a l o f t h e W a s h i n g t o n A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s . 3 0 : 2 0 5 - 2 0 9 . B l a k e y , R . 2 0 0 9 . P a l e o g e o g r a p h y a n d G e o l o g i c E v o l u t i o n o f N o r t h A m e r i c a . h t t p : / / j a n . u c c . n a u . e d u / ~ r c b 7 / B l o b , R . W . , C a r r a n o , M . T . , R o g e r s , R . R . , F o r s t e r , C . A . , a n d E s p i n o z a , N . R . 2 0 0 1 . A n e w f o s s i l f r o g f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n o f M o n t a n a . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 2 1 ( 1 ) : 1 9 0 - 1 9 4 . B o n a p a r t e , C L . 1 8 3 2 . S e l a c h o r u m t a b u l a a n a l y t i c a . N u o v i A n n a l i S c i e n z e n a t u r a l i ( B o l o g n a ) . 1 ( 2 ) : 1 9 5 - 2 1 4 . B o n a p a r t e , C . L . 1 8 3 4 - 1 8 4 1 . I n c o n o g r a fi a d e l l a f a u n a i t a l i c a , p e r l e q u a t t r o c l a s s i d e g l i a n i m a l i v e r t e b r a t i . 3 v o l u m e s . U n p a g i n a t e d . B o w e n , C F . 1 9 1 5 . T h e s t r a t i g r a p h y o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o t h e p o s i t i o n a n d a g e o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n i n n o r t h - c e n t r a l M o n t a n a . U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , P r o f e s s i o n a l P a p e r 9 0 - 1 : 9 3 - 1 5 3 . B r e d e r , C . M . , J r . 1 9 4 2 . T h e S h e d d i n g o f t e e t h b y C a r c h a r i a s l i t t o r a l i s ( M i t c h i l l ) . 5 9 1 C o p e i a . 1 9 4 2 ( 1 ) : 4 2 - 4 4 . B r i n k m a n , D B . 1 9 9 0 . P a l e o e c o l o g y o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) o f D i n o s a u r P r o v i n c i a l P a r k , A l b e r t a , C a n a d a : E v i d e n c e f r o m v e r t e b r a t e m i c r o f o s s i l l o c a l i t i e s . P a l a e o g e o g r a p h y , P a l a e o c l i m a t o l o g y , P a l a e o e c o l o g y . 7 8 ( 1 9 9 0 ) : 3 7 - 5 4 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 0 7 . T h e H e l l C r e e k b e d s o f t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f M o n t a n a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 2 3 : 8 2 3 - 8 4 5 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 0 8 . T h e A n k y l o s a u r i d a e , a n e w f a m i l y o f a r m o r e d d i n o s a u r s f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 2 4 : 1 8 7 - 2 0 1 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 1 . F o s s i l h u n t i n g b y b o a t i n C a n a d a . T h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m J o u r n a l . 1 1 : 2 7 3 - 2 8 2 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 2 . A c r e s t e d d i n o s a u r f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n C r e t a c e o u s . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 1 : 1 3 1 - 1 3 6 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 3 a . T h e s k e l e t o n o f S a u r o l o p h u s , a c r e s t e d d u c k - b i l l e d d i n o s a u r f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n C r e t a c e o u s . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 2 : 3 8 7 - 3 9 3 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 3 b . A n e w t r a c h o d o n t d i n o s a u r , H y p o c r o s a u r u s , f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 2 : 3 9 5 - 4 0 6 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 3 c . A n e w p l e s i o s a u r , L e u r o s p o n d y l u s , f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 2 : 6 0 5 - 6 1 5 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 4 a . A n c h i c e r a t o p s , a n e w g e n u s o f h o r n e d d i n o s a u r s f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n F o r m a t i o n C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . W i t h d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e o r i g i n o f t h e c e r a t o p s i a n c r e s t a n d t h e b r a i n c a s t s o f A n c h i c e r a t o p s a n d T r a c h o d o n . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 3 : 5 3 9 - 5 4 8 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 4 b . A c o m p l e t e s k u l l o f M o n o c l o n i u s , f r o m t h e B e l l y R i v e r C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 3 : 5 4 9 - 5 5 8 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 4 c . C o r y t h o s a u r u s c a s u a r i u s , a n e w c r e s t e d d i n o s a u r f r o m t h e B e l l y R i v e r C r e t a c e o u s , w i t h p r o v i s i o n a l c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f t h e f a m i l y T r a c h o d o n t i d a e . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 3 : 5 5 9 - 5 6 5 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 4 d . L e p t o c e r a t o p s , a n e w g e n u s o f C e r a t o p s i a f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 3 3 : 5 6 7 - 5 8 0 . 5 9 2 B r o w n , B . 1 9 1 4 e . C r e t a c e o u s E o c e n e c o r r e l a t i o n i n N e w M e x i c o , W y o m i n g , M o n t a n a , A l b e r t a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a . 2 5 : 3 5 5 - 3 8 0 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 3 3 a . A g i g a n t i c c e r a t o p s i a n d i n o s a u r , T r i c e r a t o p s m a x i m u s , a n e w s p e c i e s . A m e r i c a n M u s e u m N o v i t a t e s . 6 4 9 : 1 - 9 . B r o w n , B . 1 9 3 3 b . A n e w l o n g h o m e d B e l l y R i v e r c e r a t o p s i a n . A m e r i c a n M u s e u m N o v i t a t e s . 6 6 9 : 1 - 3 . C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 7 3 . S e l a c h i a n s f r o m t h e C a r l i l e S h a l e ( T u r o n i a n ) o f S o u t h D a k o t a . J o u r n a l o f P a l e o n t o l o g y . 4 7 ( 3 ) : 5 0 4 - 5 1 4 . C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 7 4 . S c l e r o r h y n c h i d a e n o v . f a m . , P r i s t i d a e e t P r i s t i o p h o r i d a e : u n e x e m p l e d e p a r a l l é l i s m e c h e z l e s S é l a c i e n s . C o m p t e s - r e n d u s H e b d o m a d a i r e s d e s S é a n c e s d e l ’ A c a d é m i e d e s S c i e n c e s . 2 7 8 : 2 2 5 - 2 2 8 . C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 8 0 a . M o d i fi c a t i o n d u s t a t u t g é n é r i q u e d e q u e l q u e s e s p e c e s d e S é l a c i e n s c r é t a c é s e t t e r t i a i r e s . P a l a e o v e r t e b r a t a . 1 0 ( 1 ) : 2 9 - 4 2 . C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 8 0 b . L e s S é l a c i e n s d u C r é t a c é s u p é r i e u r d u L i b a n . H : B a t o i ' d e s . P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c a , A b t e i l u n g A : P a l a e o z o o l o g i e - S t r a t i g r a p h i e . 1 6 8 ( 5 - 6 ) : 1 4 9 - 2 2 9 . C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 8 7 . C h o n d r i c h t h y e s H . M e s o z o i c a n d C e n o z o i c E l a s m o b r a n c h i i : H a n d b o o k o f P a l e o i c h t h y o l o g y . V o l u m e 3 B . S h u l t z e , H . - P . ( e d ) . G u s t a v F i s c h e r V e r l a g , S t u t t g a r t a n d N e w Y o r k . 1 9 3 . C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 9 2 . N o u v e a u x R h i n o b a t o i d e i ( N e o s e l a c h i i , R a j i f o r m e s ) a d e n t u r e s p é c i a l i s é e d u M a a s t r i c h t i e n d u M a r o c . R e m a r q u e s s u r l ’ é v o l u t i o n d e n t a i r e d e s R a j i f o r m e s e t d e s M y l i o b a t i f o r m e s . N e u e s J a h r b u c h f i i r G e o l o g i e u n d P a l ' a o n t o l o g i e , A b h a n d l u g e n . 1 8 7 ( 1 ) : 3 1 - 5 2 . C a p p e t t a , H . a n d C a s e , G . R . 1 9 7 5 a . C o n t r i b u t i o n a 1 ’ é t u d e d e s S é l a c i e n s d u G r o u p e M o n m o u t h ( C a m p a n i e n - M a e s t r i c h t i e n ) d u N e w J e r s e y . P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c a , A b t e i l u n g A : P a l fi e o z o o l o g i e - S t r a t i g r a p h i e . 1 5 1 ( 1 - 3 ) : 1 - 4 6 . C a p p e t t a , H . a n d C a s e , G . R . 1 9 7 5 b . S é l a c i e n s n o u v e a u x d u C r é t a c é d u T e x a s . G e ’ o b i o s . 8 ( 4 ) : 3 0 3 - 3 0 7 . C a p p e t t a , H . a n d C a s e , G R . 1 9 9 9 . A d d i t i o n s a u x f a u n e s d e S é l a c i e n s d u C r e ’ t a c e ’ d u T e x a s ( A l b i e n s u p e ’ r i e u r - C a m p a n i e n ) . P a l a e o I c h t h y o l o g i c a . 9 : 5 - 1 1 1 . C a r r a n o , M . T . , B l o b , R . W . , F l y n n , J . J . , F o r s t e r , C . A . , a n d R o g e r s , R R . 1 9 9 5 . A d d i t i o n s 5 9 3 t o t h e f a u n a o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) t y p e a r e a , n o r t h - c e n t r a l M o n t a n a , w i t h p o s s i b l e r a n g e e x t e n s i o n s o f t w o g e n e r a o f E u t h e r i a n m a m m a l s . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 1 5 ( s u p p l e m e n t 3 ) : 2 1 A . C a r r a n o , M . T . , B l o b , R . W . , F l y n n , J . J . , F o r s t e r , C . A . , a n d R o g e r s , R R . 1 9 9 7 . T h e m a m m a l i a n f a u n a o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n t y p e a r e a ( C a m p a n i a n , c e n t r a l M o n t a n a ) r e v i s i t e d . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 1 7 ( s u p p l e m e n t 3 ) : 3 6 A . C a s e , G . R . 1 9 7 8 a . A n e w s e l a c h i a n f a u n a f r o m t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) o f M o n t a n a . P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c a , A b t e i l u n g A : P a l a e o z o o l o g i e - S t r a t i g r a p h i e . 1 6 0 ( 1 - 6 ) : 1 7 6 - 2 0 5 . C a s e , G . R . 1 9 7 8 b . I s c h y o d u s b i f u r c a t u s , a n e w s p e c i e s o f c h i m a e r o i d fi s h f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f N e w J e r s e y . G é o b i o s . 1 1 ( 1 ) : 2 1 - 2 9 . C a s e , G R . 1 9 7 9 . A d d i t i o n a l fi s h r e c o r d s f r o m t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) o f M o n t a n a . G é o b i o s . 1 2 ( 2 ) : 2 2 3 - 2 3 3 . C a s e , G R . 1 9 8 7 . A n e w s e l a c h i a n f a u n a f r o m t h e L a t e C a m p a n i a n o f W y o m i n g ( T e a p o t S a n d s t o n e M e m b e r , M e s a v e r d e F o r m a t i o n , B i g H o r n B a s i n ) . P a l a e o n t o g r a p h i c a , A b t e i l u n g A : P a l a e o z o o l o g i e - S t r a t i g r a p h i e . 1 9 7 ( 1 - 3 ) : 1 - 3 7 . C a s e , G R . a n d C a p p e t t a , H . 1 9 9 7 . A n e w s e l a c h i a n f a u n a f r o m t h e L a t e M a a s t r i c h t i a n o f T e x a s ( U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s / N a v a r r o a n ; K e m p F o r m a t i o n ) . M i i n c h n e r G e o w i s s e n s c h a f t l i c h e , A b h a n d l u g e n , R e i h e A : G e o l o g i e u n d P a l a o n t o l o g i e . 3 4 : 1 3 1 - 1 8 9 . C a s e , G . R . , T o k a r y k , T . T . , a n d B a i r d , D . 1 9 9 0 . S e l a c h i a n s f r o m t h e N i o b r a r a F o r m a t i o n o f t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ( C o n i a c i a n ) o f C a r r o t R i v e r , S a s k a t c h e w a n , C a n a d a . C a n a d i a n J o u r n a l o f E a r t h S c i e n c e s . 2 7 ( 8 ) : 1 0 8 4 - 1 0 9 4 . C a s i e r , E . 1 9 4 7 a . C o n s t i t u t i o n e t e ’ v o l u t i o n d e l a r a c i n e d e n t a i r e d e s E u s e l a c h i i . 1 . N o t e p r é l i m i n a i r e . B u l l e t i n M u s e e R o y a l e H i s t o i r e N a t u r a l e B e l g e . 2 3 ( 1 3 ) : 1 - 1 5 . C a s i e r , E . 1 9 4 7 b . C o n s t i t u t i o n e t e v o l u t i o n d e l a r a c i n e d e n t a i r e d e s E u s e l a c h i i . H . E t u d e c o m p a r a t i v e d e s t y p e s . B u l l e t i n M u s e e R o y a l e H i s t o i r e N a t u r a l e B e l g e . 2 3 ( 1 4 ) : 1 - 3 2 . C a s i e r , E . 1 9 4 7 0 . C o n s t i t u t i o n e t e ’ v o l u t i o n d e l a r a c i n e d e n t a i r e d e s E u s e l a c h i i . I H . E v o l u t i o n d e s p r i n c i p a u x c a r a c t e r e s m o r p h o l o g i e s e t c o n c l u s i o n s . B u l l e t i n M u s e e R o y a l e H i s t o i r e N a t u r a l e B e l g e . 2 3 ( 1 5 ) : 1 - 4 5 . C a v i n , L . , J u r k o v S e k , B . , a n d K o l a r - J u r k o v S e k . 2 0 0 0 . S t r a t i g r a p h i c s u c c e s s i o n o f U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s fi s h a s s e m b l a g e s o f K r a s ( S l o v e n i a ) . G e o l o g i j a . 4 3 ( 2 ) : 1 6 5 - 1 9 5 ) . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 3 8 . T h e s u c c e s s i o n o f t e e t h i n s h a r k s , S e l a c h i i . B r i t i s h D e n t a l J o u r n a l . 5 9 4 6 5 ( 9 ) : 5 7 3 - 5 8 0 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 3 9 a . S u c c e s s i o n o f t e e t h i n s h a r k s , S e l a c h i i . T h e J o u r n a l o f T r o p i c a l M e d i c i n e a n d H y g i e n e . 4 2 ( 7 ) : 7 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 3 9 b . S n a k e b i t e s i n S o u t h A f r i c a w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o t h e i r s o l i d a n d g r o o v e d t e e t h . T h e J o u r n a l o f T r o p i c a l M e d i c i n e a n d H y g i e n e . 4 2 ( 7 ) : 9 7 - 9 8 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 0 a . A c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e r e p l a c e m e n t o f t e e t h i n s h a r k s a n d f a n g s i n s n a k e s . T h e D e n t a l R e c o r d . 6 0 ( 1 1 ) : 4 3 5 - 5 3 9 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 0 b . A c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e a l l e g e d s u c c e s s i o n o f t e e t h b y r e v o l v i n g o f t h e t o o t h - b e a r i n g a r e a . T h e S o u t h A f r i c a n D e n t a l J o u r n a l ( S u i d A f r i k a a n s e T a n d a r t s T y d s k r i f ) . 1 4 ( 1 2 ) : 3 1 2 - 3 1 4 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 0 c . T h e d e n t i t i o n o f fi s h e s a n d r e p t i l e s w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o t h e r e p l a c e m e n t o f t e e t h . T h e I n d i a n J o u r n a l o f V e t e r i n a r y S c i e n c e a n d A n i m a l H u s b a n d r y . 1 0 : 2 9 7 - 3 0 0 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 1 a . A n o t e o n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d s u r v i v a l o f t e e t h , e s p e c i a l l y s e l a c h i a n . T h e D e n t a l R e c o r d . 6 1 : 2 1 9 - 2 9 3 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 1 b . F u r t h e r o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e d e n t i t i o n o f B a t o i d e i . T h e D e n t a l R e c o r d . 6 1 : 3 2 7 - 3 2 8 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 1 c . A c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e t e e t h o f e m b r y o n i c a n d i m m a t u r e s k a t e s a n d r a y s i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e s u c c e s s i o n a l t h e o r y o f t e e t h . T h e S o u t h A f r i c a n D e n t a l J o u r n a l ( S u i d A f r i k a a n s e T a n d a r t s T y d s k r i f ) . 1 5 : 9 5 - 9 8 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 1 d . D i e t a n d e - d r a e n d e s t r e e k v a n d i e t a n d v l e e s v a n S e l a c h i i , B a t o i d e i e n a n d e r v i s s e ( T h e t o o t h - b e a r i n g a r e a o f t h e g u m o f S e l a c h i i , B a t o i d e i , a n d o t h e r fi s h e s ) . T y d s k r i f v i r w e t e n s k a p e n k u n s : o r g a n v a n d i e S u i d - A f r i k a a n s e A k a d e m i e v i r T a a l , L e t t e r e e n K u n s . 8 3 - 8 4 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 4 . T h e s h e d d i n g o f s e l a c h i a n t e e t h a n d i t s r e l a t i o n t o t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t i n fi s h e s a n d r e p t i l e s . C o p e i a . 1 9 4 4 ( 3 ) : 1 8 4 - 1 8 5 . C a w s t o n , F . G . 1 9 4 5 . C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e s u c c e s s i o n a l t h e o r y a s a p p l i e d t o t h e d e n t i t i o n o f P a g r u s n a s u t u s ( t h e m u s s e l - c r u s h e r ) a n d s o m e o t h e r r e p t i l e s . T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e R o y a l S o c i e t y o f S o u t h A f r i c a . 3 0 : 2 6 7 - 2 7 0 . C h i p l o n k a r , G . W . a n d B a d v e , R M . 1 9 6 8 . A g e a n d a f fi n i t i e s o f t h e B a g h f a u n a — A r e - a s s e s s m e n t . B u l l e t i n o f t h e I n d i a n N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e A c a d e m y . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e S y m p o s i u m o n D e c c a n T r a p C o u n t r y . 1 9 - 2 9 . [ i s s u e d i n 1 9 7 3 ] 5 9 5 C i c i m u r r i , D J . 2 0 0 1 . C r e t a c e o u s e l a s m o b r a n c h s o f t h e G r e e n h o m F o r m a t i o n ( m i d d l e C e n o m a n i a n - m i d d l e T u r o n i a n ) , w e s t e r n S o u t h D a k o t a . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e 6 ‘ h f o s s i l r e s o u r c e c o n f e r e n c e . 4 5 : 3 7 - 4 3 . C o b b a n , W A . a n d R e e s i d e , J . B . 1 9 5 2 . C o r r e l a t i o n o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s f o r m a t i o n s o f t h e w e s t e r n i n t e r i o r o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a B u l l e t i n . 6 3 : 1 0 1 1 - 1 0 4 4 . C o m p a g n o , L . J . V . 1 9 7 3 . I n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f l i v i n g e l a s m o b r a n c h s . 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R e v i e w o f t h e V e r t e b r a t a o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s p e r i o d f o u n d w e s t o f t h e M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r . B u l l e t i n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l a n d G e o g r a p h i c a l S u r v e y o f t h e T e r r i t o r i e s . 2 : 3 - 4 8 . C o p e , E . D . 1 8 7 6 a . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f s o m e v e r t e b r a t e r e m a i n s f r o m t h e F o r t U n i o n b e d s o f M o n t a n a . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 2 8 : 2 4 8 - 2 6 1 . C o p e , E . D . 1 8 7 6 b . O n s o m e e x t i n c t r e p t i l e s a n d b a t r a c h i a n s f r o m t h e J u d i t h R i v e r a n d F o x H i l l s b e d s o f M o n t a n a . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 2 8 : 3 4 0 - 3 5 9 . C o p e , E D . 1 8 7 7 . R e p o r t o n t h e g e o l o g y o f t h e r e g i o n o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r , M o n t a n a a n d o n v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s o b t a i n e d o n o r n e a r t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r . B u l l e t i n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l a n d G e o g r a p h i c a l S u r v e y o f t h e T e r r i t o r i e s . 3 : 5 6 5 - 5 9 7 . C u n y , G . , S u t e e t h o m , V . , K a m h a , S . , a n d B u f f e t a u t , E . 2 0 0 8 . H y b o d o n t s h a r k s f r o m t h e l o w e r C r e t a c e o u s K h o k K r u a t F o r m a t i o n o f T h a i l a n d , a n d h y b o d o n t d i v e r s i t y d u r i n g t h e E a r l y C r e t a c e o u s . I n C a v i n , L . , L o n g b o t t o n , A . , a n d R i c h t e r , M . F i s h e s a n d B r e a k - u p o f P a n g a e a . G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f L o n d o n , S p e c i a l P u b l i c a t i o n s . 2 9 5 : 9 3 - 1 0 7 . 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C a n a d a G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , R e p o r t o f P r o g r e s s f o r 1 8 8 0 - 1 8 8 2 : 1 - 2 3 . D a w s o n , G . M . 1 8 8 4 a . R e p o r t o n t h e r e g i o n i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e B o w a n d B e l l y R i v e r s , N o r t h w e s t T e r r i t o r y . C a n a d a G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , R e p o r t o f P r o g r e s s f o r 1 8 8 2 - 1 8 8 4 , s e c t i o n C , p a r t 4 : 1 c - 1 6 9 c . D a w s o n , G . M . 1 8 8 4 b . R e c e n t g e o l o g i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e C a n a d i a n N o r t h w e s t T e r r i t o r y . S c i e n c e . 3 ( 6 9 ) : 6 4 7 - 6 4 8 . D a w s o n , J . W . 1 8 8 6 . O n t h e M e s o z o i c fl o r a s o f t h e R o c k y M o u n t a i n r e g i o n o f C a n a d a . P r o c e e d i n g s a n d T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e R o y a l S o c i e t y o f C a n a d a . D e l i b e r a t i o n s e t m é m o i r e s d e l a S o c i é t é r o y a l e d u C a n a d a . 3 : 1 - 2 2 . d e B r i t o C a p e l l o , F . 1 8 6 7 . D e s c r i p t i o n d e t r o i s n o u v e a u x p o i s s o n s d e s m e r s d u P o r t u g a l . J o r n a l d e S c i e n c i a s M a t h e m a t i c a s , P h y s i c a s , e N a t u r a e s . 1 ( 4 ) : 3 1 8 - 3 2 2 . d e B r i t o C a p e l l o , F . 1 8 6 8 . D e s c r i p c a o d e d o i s p e i x e s n o v o s p r o v e n i e n t e s d o s m a r e s d e P o r t u g a l . J o m a l d e S c i e n c i a s M a t h e m a t i c a s , P h y s i c a s , e N a t u r a e s . 1 ( 4 ) : 3 1 4 - 3 1 7 . D e s l a t e , D . , D u f fi n , C . J . , a n d W e i s , R . 2 0 0 2 . A n e w m i c r o v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a f r o m t h e m i d d l e H e t t a n g i a n ( E a r l y J u r a s s i c ) o f F o n t e n o i l l e ( p r o v i n c e o f L u x e m b o u r g , S o u t h B e l g i u m ) . M e m o i r s o f t h e G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y o f B e l g i u m . N o . 4 8 : 1 - 8 3 . D e y n a t , R P . 1 9 9 8 . L e r e v é t e m e n t c u t a n é d e s r a i e s ( C h o n d r i c h t h y e s , E l a s m o b r a n c h i i , B a t o i d e a ) . H . M o r p h o l o g i e e t a r r a n g e m e n t d e s t u b e r c u l e s c u t a n e ’ s . A n n a l e s d e s S c i e n c e s N a t u r e l l e s , Z o o l o g i e . 1 9 ( 3 - 4 ) : 1 5 5 - 1 7 2 . D e y n a t , P . P . 2 0 0 0 a . L e s d e n t i c u l e s m y r m é c o ' l ' d e s , u n n o u v e a u x c a r a c t é r e d i a g n o s t i q u e p o u r l e s R a j i d a e ( C h o n d r i c h t h y e s , B a t o i d e a ) . A n n a l e s d e s S c i e n c e s N a t u r e l l e s , Z o o l o g i e . 2 1 ( 2 ) : 6 5 - 8 0 . D e y n a t , P . P . 2 0 0 0 b . D e r m a l d e n t i c l e m o r p h o l o g y W i t h i n b a t o i d r a y s : a r e v i e w . I n P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e 3 r d E u r o p e a n E l a s m o b r a n c h A s s o c i a t i o n M e e t i n g , B o u l o g n e - s u r — M e r 1 9 9 9 . S e ’ r e t B . a n d S i r e , J . - Y . ( e d s ) . S o c i é t é F r a n c a i s e d ’ I c h t y o l o g i e & 1 R D , P a r i s . 1 5 - 2 7 . D e y n a t , R P . a n d S é r e t , B . 1 9 9 6 . L e r e v é t e m e n t c u t a n é d e s r a i e s ( C h o n d i c h t h y e s , E l a s m o b r a n c h i i , B a t o i d e a ) . I . M o r p h o l o g i e e t a r r a n g e m e n t d e s d e n t i c u l e s c u t a n é s . A n n a l e s d e s S c i e n c e s N a t u r e l l e s , Z o o l o g i e . 1 7 ( 2 ) : 6 5 - 8 3 . 5 9 7 D o w l i n g , D B . 1 9 1 5 . S o u t h e r n A l b e r t a . C a n a d a G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , S u m m a r y R e p o r t f o r 1 9 1 4 . 3 : 4 3 - 5 1 . D o w l i n g , D B . 1 9 1 7 . T h e S o u t h e r n A l b e r t a P l a i n s . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y o f C a n a d a , M e m o i r 9 3 . 7 8 : 1 - 2 0 0 . E b e r t h , D . A . , B r a m a n , D R , a n d T o k a r y k , T . T . 1 9 9 0 . S t r a t i g r a p h y , s e d i m e n t o l o g y a n d v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( C a m p a n i a n ) n e a r M u d d y L a k e , w e s t - c e n t r a l S a s k a t c h e w a n . B u l l e t i n o f C a n a d i a n P e t r o l e u m G e o l o g y . 3 8 ( 4 ) : 3 8 7 - 4 0 6 . E f r e m o v , I . A . 1 9 4 0 . T a p h o n o m y : a n e w b r a n c h o f p a l e o n t o l o g y . P a n - A m e r i c a n G e o l o g i s t . 7 4 ( 2 ) : 8 1 - 9 3 . E g e r t o n , P G . 1 8 4 3 . O n s o m e n e w s p e c i e s o f f o s s i l c h i m a e r o i d fi s h e s , w i t h r e m a r k s o n t h e i r g e n e r a l a f fi n i t i e s . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f L o n d o n . 4 ( 1 ) , N o . 9 4 : 1 5 3 - 1 5 7 . 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A n e w f o s s i l d i s c o g l o s s i d f r o g f r o m M o n t a n a a n d W y o m i n g . B r e v i o r a . 3 2 8 : 1 - 7 . E s t e s , R . 1 9 6 9 c . A s c i n c o i d l i z a r d f r o m t h e C r e t a c e o u s a n d P a l e o c e n e o f M o n t a n a . B r e v i o r a . 3 3 1 : 1 - 9 . 5 9 8 E s t e s , R . 1 9 6 9 f . T w o n e w L a t e C r e t a c e o u s f i s h e s f r o m M o n t a n a a n d W y o m i n g . B r e v i o r a . 3 3 5 : 1 - 1 5 . E s t e s , R . a n d B e r b e r i a n , P . 1 9 6 9 . A m i a ( = K i n d l e i a ) f r a g o s a ( J o r d a n ) , a C r e t a c e o u s a m i i d fi s h , w i t h n o t e s o n r e l a t e d E u r o p e a n f o r m s . B r e v i o r a . 3 2 9 : 1 - 1 4 . E s t e s , R . A n d B e r b e r i a n , P . 1 9 7 0 . P a l e o e c o l o g y o f a L a t e C r e t a c e o u s v e r t e b r a t e c o m m u n i t y f r o m M o n t a n a . B r e v i o r a . 3 4 3 : 1 - 3 5 . 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T h e e a r l y P a l a e o z o i c o f t h e N o r t h A t l a n t i c r e g i o n a s a t e s t c a s e f o r t h e u s e o f f o s s i l s i n c o n t i n e n t a l r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . T e c t o n o p h y s i c s . 2 0 6 : 1 4 7 - 1 5 8 . F o x , R C . 1 9 7 2 . A p r i m i t i v e t h e r i a n m a m m a l f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . C a n a d i a n J o u r n a l o f E a r t h S c i e n c e s . 9 : 1 4 7 9 - 1 4 9 4 . G a r m a n , S . 1 9 0 1 . G e n e r a a n d f a m i l i e s o f t h e C h i m a e r o i d s . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e N e w E n g l a n d Z o o l o g i c a l C l u b . 2 : 7 5 - 7 7 . G e s n e r , K . 1 5 5 8 . H i s t o r i a e A n i m a l i u m L i b e r I I I I , q u i e s t d e P i s c u m & a q u a t i l i u m A n i m a n t i u m N a t u r a . T i g u r i . G i l l , J . R . a n d C o b b a n , W A . 1 9 7 3 . S t r a t i g r a p h y a n d g e o l o g i c h i s t o r y o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p a n d e q u i v a l e n t r o c k s , M o n t a n a , W y o m i n g , a n d N o r t h a n d S o u t h D a k o t a . U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , P r o f e s s i o n a l P a p e r 7 7 6 : 1 - 3 7 . G i l l , T . 1 8 9 3 . F a m i l i e s a n d s u b f a m i l i e s o f fi s h e s . M e m o i r s o f t h e N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s , W a s h i n g t o n . 6 : 1 2 5 - 1 3 8 . G i l l , T . 1 8 9 5 . N o t e s o n t h e n o m e n c l a t u r e o f S c y m n u s , o r S c y m n o r h i n u s , a g e n u s o f s h a r k s . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s N a t i o n a l M u s e u m . 1 9 1 - 1 9 3 . G l i k m a n , L S . 1 9 5 6 . O n t h e p h y l o g e n e t i c e v o l u t i o n o f t h e g e n u s A n a c o r a x . D o k l a d y A k a d e m i i N a u k S S S R . 1 0 9 ( 5 ) : 1 0 4 9 - 1 0 5 2 . [ i n R u s s i a n ] 5 9 9 G l i k m a n , L S . 1 9 5 8 . R a t e s o f e v o l u t i o n i n l a m n o i d s h a r k s . D o k l a d y A k a d e m i i N a u k S S S R . 1 2 3 ( 3 ) : 5 6 8 - 5 7 1 . [ i n R u s s i a n ] G o t t f r i e d , M . D . , R a b a r i s o n , J . A . , a n d R a n d r i a m i a r i m a n a n a . 2 0 0 1 . L a t e C r e t a c e o u s e l a s m o b r a n c h s f r o m t h e M a h a j a n g a B a s i n o f M a d a g a s c a r . C r e t a c e o u s R e s e a r c h . 2 2 : 4 9 1 - 4 9 6 . G r a v e n d e e l , R . , V a n N e e r , W . , a n d B r i n k h u i z e n , D . 2 0 0 2 . A n i d e n t i fi c a t i o n k e y f o r d e r m a l d e n t i c l e s o f R a j i d a e f r o m t h e N o r t h S e a . I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l o f O s t e o a r c h a e o l o g y . 1 2 : 4 2 0 - 4 4 1 . G r a y , J . E . 1 8 5 1 . L i s t o f t h e s p e c i m e n s o f fi s h i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h e B r i t i s h M u s e u m , P a r t 1 . B r i t i s h M u s e u m ( N a t u r a l H i s t o r y ) , L o n d o n . 1 6 0 . G r e e n w o o d , P . H . , R o s e n , D . E . , W e i t z m a n , S H , a n d M y e r s , G S . 1 9 6 6 . P h y l e t i c s t u d i e s o f t e l e o s t e a n fi s h e s , w i t h a p r o v i s i o n a l c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f l i v i n g f o r m s . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 1 3 1 : 3 3 9 — 4 5 6 . H a l l a m , A . 1 9 9 4 . A n o u t l i n e o f P h a n e r o z o i c b i o g e o g r a p h y . O x f o r d U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , O x f o r d . 2 4 6 . H a l s t e a d , L B . 1 9 7 4 . V e r t e b r a t e h a r d t i s s u e s . W y k e h a m S c i e n c e S e r i e s . W y k e h a m P u b l i c a t i o n s , L o n d o n . 1 7 9 . H a m b l i n , A P . 1 9 9 5 . S t r a t i g r a p h i c a r c h i t e c t u r e o f t h e C a m p a n i a n J u d i t h R i v e r ( B e l l y R i v e r ) G r o u p , s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a P l a i n s , s u r f a c e a n d s u b s u r f a c e . G e o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f C a n a d a / M i n e r a l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f C a n a d a a n n u a l m e e t i n g ( A s s o c i a t i o n G é o l o g i q u e d u C a n a d a / A s s o c i a t i o n M i n e ’ r a l o g i q u e d u C a n a d a r e u n i o n a n n u e l l e ) . 2 0 : 4 1 . H a m m e r , O . a n d H a r p e r , D A T . 2 0 0 6 . P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l D a t a A n a l y s i s . B l a c k w e l l P u b l i s h i n g , M a l d e n , M A , U n i t e d S t a t e s . 3 5 1 . H a m m e r , 0 . , H a r p e r , D . A . T . , a n d P . D . R y a n . 2 0 0 1 . P A S T : P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l s t a t i s t i c s s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e f o r e d u c a t i o n a n d d a t a a n a l y s i s . P a l a e o n t o l o g i a E l e c t r o n i c a . 4 ( 1 ) : 1 - 9 . h t t p : / / p a 1 a e o - e l e c t r o n i c a . o r g / 2 0 0 1 l / p a s t / i s s u e l 0 1 . h t m H a r t s t e i n , B F . a n d D e c i n a , L E . 1 9 8 6 . A n e w S e v e r n F o r m a t i o n ( e a r l y m i d d l e M a a s t r i c h t i a n , L a t e C r e t a c e o u s ) l o c a l i t y i n P r i n c e G e o r g e s C o u n t y , M a r y l a n d . T h e M o s a s a u r . 3 : 8 7 - 9 5 . H a t c h e r , J . B . 1 9 0 3 a . R e l a t i v e a g e o f t h e L a n c e C r e e k ( C e r a t o p s ) b e d s o f C o n v e r s e C o u n t y , W y o m i n g , t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s o f M o n t a n a , a n d t h e B e l l y R i v e r b e d s o f C a n a d a . T h e A m e r i c a n G e o l o g i s t . 3 1 : 6 9 - 3 7 5 . 6 0 0 H a t c h e r , J . B . 1 9 0 3 b . T h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s . S c i e n c e . 1 7 ( 4 2 9 ) : 4 7 1 - 4 7 2 . H a t c h e r , J . B . a n d S t a n t o n , T . W . 1 9 0 3 . T h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s a n d t h e i r c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h t h e B e l l y R i v e r b e d s . S c i e n c e . 1 8 ( 4 5 0 ) : 2 1 1 - 2 1 2 . H a y , D P . 1 9 0 2 . B i b l i o g r a p h y a n d c a t a l o g u e o f t h e f o s s i l V e r t e b r a t a o f N o r t h A m e r i c a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y . 1 7 9 : 1 - 8 6 8 . H a y , O R 1 9 3 0 . S e c o n d b i b l i o g r a p h y a n d c a t a l o g u e o f t h e f o s s i l V e r t e b r a t a o f N o r t h A m e r i c a . 2 v o l u m e s . C a r n e g i e I n s t i t u t i o n o f W a s h i n g t o n P u b l i c a t i o n . 3 9 0 . C a r n e g i e I n s t i t u t i o n , W a s h i n g t o n , D C , 1 9 7 4 . H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 5 7 . N o t e s e x p l a n a t o r y o f a m a p a n d s e c t i o n i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e g e o l o g i c a l s t r u c t u r e o f t h e c o u n t r y b o r d e r i n g o n t h e M i s s o u r i R i v e r , f r o m t h e m o u t h o f t h e P l a t t e R i v e r t o F o r t B e n t o n , i n l a t . 4 7 ° 3 0 ’ N . , l o n g . 1 1 0 ° 3 0 ’ W . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 9 : 1 0 9 - 1 1 6 . H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 5 8 . E x p l o r a t i o n s u n d e r t h e W a r D e p a r t m e n t - E x p l a n a t i o n s o f a s e c o n d e d i t i o n o f a g e o l o g i c a l m a p o f N e b r a s k a a n d K a n s a s , b a s e d u p o n i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d i n a n e x p e d i t i o n t o t h e B l a c k H i l l s , u n d e r t h e c o m m a n d o f L i e u t . G . K . W a r r e n , T o p o g r a p h i c a l E n g i n e e r U . S . A . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 1 0 : 1 3 9 — 1 5 8 . H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 6 0 . G e o l o g i c a l s k e t c h o f t h e e s t u a r y a n d f r e s h w a t e r d e p o s i t s o f t h e b a d l a n d s o f t h e J u d i t h , w i t h s o m e r e m a r k s u p o n t h e s u r r o u n d i n g f o r m a t i o n s . T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e A m e r i c a n P h i l o s o p h i c a l S o c i e t y . 1 1 : 1 2 3 - 1 3 8 . H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 7 1 . G e o l o g y o f t h e M i s s o u r i V a l l e y . U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y o f t h e T e r r i t o r i e s , F o u r t h A n n u a l P r e l i m i n a r y R e p o r t . P a r t 2 , C h a p t e r 7 : 8 5 - 9 8 . H e a r n , B . C . , J r . , P e c o r a , W . T . , a n d S w a d l e y , W C . 1 9 6 4 . G e o l o g y o f t h e R a t t l e s n a k e Q u a d r a n g l e , B e a r p a w M o u n t a i n s , B l a i n e C o u n t y , M o n t a n a . C o n t r i b u t i o n s t o G e o l o g y , U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y B u l l e t i n 1 1 8 1 - B . B 1 - B 6 6 . H e r m a n , J . 1 9 7 7 . L e s S é l a c i e n s d e s t e r r a i n s n é o c r é t a c é s e t p a l é o c e n e s d e B e l g i q u e e t d e s c o n t r é e s l i n r i t r o p h e s . E l e m e n t s d ’ u n e b i o s t r a t i g r a p h i q u e i n t e r c o n t i n e n t a l e . M é m o i r e s p o u r s e r v i r a l ’ e x p l i c a t i o n d e s C a r t e s G é o l o g i q u e s e t M i n i e r e s d e l a B e l g i q u e . S e r v i c e G é o l o g i q u e d e B e l g i q u e ( 1 9 7 5 p u b l i é 1 9 7 7 ) . 1 5 : 1 - 4 0 1 . H e r m a n , J . , H o v e s t a d t - E u l e r , M . , H o v e s t a d t , D C , a n d S t e h m a n , M . 1 9 9 5 . C o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e s t u d y o f t h e c o m p a r a t i v e m o r p h o l o g y o f t e e t h a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n t i c h t h y o d o r u l i t e s i n l i v i n g s u p r a - s p e c i fi c t a x a o f c h o n d r i c h t h y a n fi s h e s . P a r t B : B a t o m o r p h i i N o . 1 b : O r d e r R a j o f o r m e s - S u b o r d e r R a j o i d e i - F a m i l y : R a j i d a e - G e n e r a a n d S u b g e n e r a : B a t h y r a j a ( w i t h a d e e p - w a t e r , s h a l l o w - w a t e r a n d t r a n s i t i o n a l m o r p h o t y p e ) , P s a m m o b a t i s , R a j a ( A m b l y r a j a ) , R a j a ( D i p t u r u s ) , R a j a ( L e u c o r a j a ) , R a j a ( R a j a ) , R a j a ( R a j e l l a ) ( w i t h t w o m o r p h o t y p e s ) , R a j a ( R i o r a j a ) , 6 0 1 R a j a ( R o s t r o r a j a ) , R a j a l i n t e a a n d S y m p t e r y g i a . B u l l e t i n d e l ’ I n s t i t u t e R o y a l d e s S c i e n c e s N a t u r e l l e s d e B e l g i q u e , B i o l o g i e . 6 5 : 2 3 7 - 3 0 7 . [ i n F r e n c h ] H o g a n s o n , J . W . a n d M u r p h y , E C . 2 0 0 2 . M a r i n e B r e i e n M e m b e r ( M a a s t r i c h t i a n ) o f t h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n i n N o r t h D a k o t a : S t r a t i g r a p h y , v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l r e c o r d , a n d a g e . I n H a r t m a n , J . H . , J o h n s o n , K . R . , a n d N i c h o l s , J . D . ( e d s ) . T h e H e l l C r e e k F o r m a t i o n a n d t h e C r e t a c e o u s - T e r t i a r y b o u n d a r y i n t h e n o r t h e r n G r e a t P l a i n s : A n i n t e g r a t e d c o n t i n e n t a l r e c o r d o f t h e e n d o f t h e C r e t a c e o u s . B o u l d e r , C o l o r a d o . G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a S p e c i a l P a p e r 3 6 1 : 2 4 7 - 2 6 9 . H u x l e y , T H . 1 8 8 0 . O n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e l a w s o f e v o l u t i o n t o t h e a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e V e r t e b r a t a , a n d m o r e p a r t i c u l a r l y o f t h e M a m m a l i a . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e E Z o o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f L o n d o n . 1 8 8 0 ( 4 3 ) : 6 4 9 - 6 6 2 . ' f I f f t , J . D . a n d Z i n n , D J . 1 9 4 8 . T o o t h s u c c e s s i o n i n t h e s m o o t h d o g fi s h , M u s t e l u s c a n i s . B i o l o g i c a l B u l l e t i n . 9 5 ( 1 ) : 1 0 0 - 1 0 6 . I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o m m i s s i o n o n Z o o l o g i c a l N o m e n c l a t u r e . 1 9 8 5 . I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o d e o f Z o o l o g i c a l N o m e n c l a t u r e : a d o p t e d b y t h e X X G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y o f t h e ! - I n t e m a t i o n a l U n i o n o f B i o l o g i c a l S t u d i e s . 3 r d e d . U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s , B e r k e l e y a n d L o s A n g e l e s . 3 3 8 . I r m i s , R B . a n d E l l i o t t , D . K . 2 0 0 6 . T a p h o n o m y o f a m i d d l e P e n n s y l v a n i a n m a r i n e v e r t e b r a t e a s s e m b l a g e a n d a n a c t u a l i s t i c m o d e l f o r m a r i n e a b r a s i o n o f t e e t h . P a l a i o s . 2 1 : 4 6 6 — 4 7 9 . J a e k e l , O . 1 8 9 4 . D i e e o c é i n e n S e l a c h i e r v o r n M o n t e B o l c a . E i n B e i t r a g z u r M o r p h o g e n i e d e r W i r b e l t h i e r e . V e r l a g v o n J u l i u s S p r i n g e r , B e r l i n . 1 7 6 . J a e k e l , O . 1 8 9 5 . U n t e r - T e r t i a r e S e l a c h i e r a u s S u d r i i s s l a n d . M é m o i r e s D u C o m i t é G é o l o g i q u e R u s s e . S t . P e t e r s b u r g . 9 ( 4 ) : 1 9 — 3 5 . J o h n s o n , H . a n d S t o r e r , J . E . 1 9 7 4 . A g u i d e t o A l b e r t a v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s f r o m t h e a g e o f d i n o s a u r s . P u b l i c a t i o n N o . 4 . T h e Q u e e n ’ s P r i n t e r , P r o v i n c i a l M u s e u m a n d A r c h i v e s o f A l b e r t a , E d m o n t o n . 1 2 9 . J o h n s o n , S C . a n d L u c a s , S . G . 2 0 0 1 . S e l a c h i a n f a u n a f r o m t h e D a l t o n S a n d s t o n e ( U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s , C o n i a c i a n ) , c e n t r a l N e w M e x i c o . N e w M e x i c o G e o l o g y . 2 3 ( 2 ) : 5 6 - 5 7 . J o r d a n , D . S . 1 9 2 3 . A c l a s s i fi c a t i o n o f fi s h e s , i n c l u d i n g f a m i l i e s a n d g e n e r a a s f a r a s k n o w n . S t a n f o r d U n i v e r s i t y P u b l i c a t i o n s U n i v e r s i t y S e r i e s B i o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s . 3 ( 2 ) : 7 9 - 2 4 3 . J o r d a n , D . S . a n d E v e r r n a n n , B . W . 1 8 9 6 . T h e fi s h e s o f N o r t h a n d M i d d l e A m e r i c a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s N a t i o n a l M u s e u m . 4 7 ( 1 ) : 1 - 1 2 4 0 . 6 0 2 K e m p , N . R . 1 9 9 1 . C h o n d r i c h t h y a n s i n t h e C r e t a c e o u s a n d T e r t i a r y o f A u s t r a l i a . I n V i c k e r s - R i c h , P . , M o n a g h a n , J . M . , B a i r d , R F , a n d R i c h , T . H . ( e d s ) . V e r t e b r a t e P a l a e o n t o l o g y o f A u s t r a l a s i a . P i o n e e r D e s i g n S t u d i o a n d M o n a s h U n i v e r s i t y P u b l i c a t i o n s , L i l y d a l e , V i c t o r i a . 4 9 7 - 5 6 8 . K e n t , B . W . 1 9 9 4 . F o s s i l s h a r k s o f t h e C h e s a p e a k e B a y R e g i o n . E g a n R e e s & B o y e r , I n c . , C o l u m b i a . 1 4 6 . K n o w l t o n , E H . 1 9 0 5 . F o s s i l p l a n t s o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s . B u l l e t i n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y . 2 5 7 : 1 2 9 - 1 5 5 . L a m b e , L . M . 1 9 0 2 . O n V e r t e b r a t a o f t h e M i d - C r e t a c e o u s o f t h e N o r t h w e s t T e r r i t o r y . 1 1 : N e w g e n e r a a n d s p e c i e s f r o m t h e B e l l y R i v e r S e r i e s ( M i d - C r e t a c e o u s ) . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y o f C a n a d a , C o n t r i b u t i o n s t o C a n a d i a n P a l a e o n t o l o g y . 3 ( 7 7 4 ) : 2 3 - 8 1 . L a m b e , L . M . 1 9 1 8 . O n t h e r e m a i n s o f a s e l a c h i a n f r o m t h e E d m o n t o n C r e t a c e o u s o f A l b e r t a . T h e O t t a w a N a t u r a l i s t . 3 2 : 2 7 - 2 8 . L a n g s t o n , W . , J r . 1 9 6 5 . P r e - C e n o z o i c v e r t e b r a t e p a l e o n t o l o g y i n A l b e r t a : I t s p a s t a n d f u t u r e . I n V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y i n A l b e r t a , U n i v e r s i t y o f A l b e r t a . 9 - 3 1 . L a n g s t o n , W . , J r . 1 9 7 6 . A L a t e C r e t a c e o u s v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a f r o m t h e S t . M a r y F o r m a t i o n i n w e s t e r n C a n a d a . I n C h u r c h e r C . S . ( e d . ) . E s s a y s o n P a l a e o n t o l o g y i n H o n o u r o f L o r i s S h a n o R u s s e l l . L i f e S c i e n c e s M i s c e l l a n e o u s P u b l i c a t i o n s , R o y a l O n t a r i o M u s e u m . 1 1 4 - 1 2 3 . L a R o c k , J . W . , S c h m i t t , J . G . , H o r n e r , J . R . 2 0 0 0 a . S e d i m e n t o l o g y a n d t a p h o n o m y o f a d i n o s a u r b o n e b e d i n t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , n o r t h e a s t e r n M o n t a n a . G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a , R o c k y M o u n t a i n S e c t i o n , A b s t r a c t s W i t h P r o g r a m s . 3 2 ( 5 ) : 1 5 . L a R o c k , J . W . , S c h m i t t , J . G . , H o m e r , J . R . 2 0 0 0 b . A C r e t a c e o u s p a l e o - l o g j a m ; t a p h o n o m y a n d s e d i m e n t o l o g y o f a d i n o s a u r b o n e b e d f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , n o r t h e a s t e r n M o n t a n a . G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a , A b s t r a c t s w i t h P r o g r a m s . 3 2 ( 7 ) : A 2 2 0 . L e i d y , J . 1 8 5 6 a . N o t i c e s o f t h e r e m a i n s o f e x t i n c t r e p t i l e s a n d fi s h e s d i s c o v e r e d b y D r . F . V . H a y d e n i n t h e b a d l a n d s o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r , N e b r a s k a T e r r i t o r y . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 8 : 7 2 - 7 3 . L e i d y , J . 1 8 5 6 b . N o t i c e s o f r e m a i n s o f e x t i n c t v e r t e b r a t e a n i m a l s o f N e w J e r s e y c o l l e c t e d b y P r o f e s s o r C o o k , o f t h e S t a t e G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f D r . W . K i t c h e l l . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 8 : 2 2 0 - 2 2 1 . 6 0 3 - “ U h - \ — r t L e r b e k m o , J . F . 1 9 6 1 . S t r a i g r a p h i c r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e M i l k R i v e r F o r m a t i o n i n t h e s o u t h e r n p l a i n s a n d t h e B e l l y R i v e r F o r m a t i o n o f t h e s o u t h e r n f o o t h i l l s o f A l b e r t a . J o u r n a l o f t h e A l b e r t a S o c i e t y o f P e t r o l e u m G e o l o g i s t s . 9 ( 9 ) : 2 7 3 - 2 7 6 . L e r i c h e , M . 1 9 0 5 . L e s p o i s s o n s é o c e n e s d e l a B e l g i q u e . M é m o i r e s d u M u s e ’ e R o y a l d ’ H i s t o i r e N a t u r e l l e d e B e l g i q u e B r u x e l l e s . 3 ( 1 1 ) : 4 9 - 2 2 8 . L e r i c h e , M . 1 9 1 0 . L e s p o i s s o n s o l i g o c é n e s d u 1 a B e l g i q u e . E x t r a i t d e s M é m o i r e s d u M u s e e R o y a l d ’ H i s t o i r e N a t u r e l l e d e B e l g i q u e B r u x e l l e s . 5 : 2 3 1 - 3 6 3 . L e r i c h e , M . 1 9 2 6 . L e s p o i s s o n s n é o g e n e s d u 1 a B e l g i q u e . M é m o i r e s d u M u s e e R o y a l d ’ H i s t o i r e N a t u r e l l e d e B e l g i q u e B r u x e l l e s . M e m o i r e N o . 3 2 : 3 6 7 - 4 7 2 . L e w i s , M . 1 8 1 4 . H i s t o r y o f t h e e x p e d i t i o n u n d e r t h e c o m m a n d o f C a p t a i n s L e w i s a n d C l a r k , t o t h e s o u r c e s o f t h e M i s s o u r i , h e n c e a c r o s s t h e R o c k y M o u n t a i n s a n d d o w n t h e r i v e r C o l u m b i a t o t h e P a c i fi c O c e a n : P e r f o r m e d d u r i n g t h e y e a r s 1 8 0 4 , r - 1 8 0 5 , 1 8 0 6 . B y o r d e r o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . P r e p a r e d f o r t h e ’ P r e s s b y P a u l A l l e n , E s q u i r e . I n t w o v o l u m e s . P h i l a d e l p h i a : P u b l i s h e d b y : 1 - . - B r a d f o r d a n d I n s k e e p , N e w Y o r k . B r a d f o r d a n d I n s k e e p , N e w Y o r k . L i l l e g r a v e n , J . A . a n d M c K e n n a , M . C . 1 9 8 6 . F o s s i l m a m m a l s f r o m t h e “ M e s a v e r d e ” F o r m a t i o n ( L a t e C r e t a c e o u s , J u d i t h i a n ) o f t h e B i g h o r n a n d W i n d R i v e r B a s i n s , W y o m i n g , w i t h d e f i n i t i o n s o f t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s N o r t h A m e r i c a n l a n d - m a m m a l “ a g e s . ” A m e r i c a n M u s e u m N o v i t a t e s . 2 8 4 0 : 1 - 6 8 . L u c a s , P . W . 2 0 0 4 . D e n t a l F u n c t i o n a l M o r p h o l o g y : H o w T e e t h W o r k . C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s . 3 5 0 . L u e r , C . A . , B l u m , R C , a n d G i l b e r t , P . W . 1 9 9 0 . R a t e o f t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t i n t h e n u r s e s h a r k , G i n g l y m o s t o m a c i r r a t u m . C o p e i a . 1 9 9 0 ( 1 ) : 1 8 2 - 1 9 1 . L y m a n , R . L . 1 9 9 4 . V e r t e b r a t e T a p h o n o m y . C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , C a m b r i d g e . 5 2 4 . M a i s e y , J . G . 1 9 8 4 . H i g h e r e l a s m o b r a n c h p h y l o g e n y a n d b i o s t r a t i g r a p h y . Z o o l o g i c a l J o u r n a l o f t h e L i n n e a n S o c i e t y . 8 2 ( 1 - 2 ) : 3 3 - 5 4 . M a r s h , O . C . 1 8 8 8 . A n e w f a m i l y o f h o r n e d d i n o s a u r s f r o m t h e C r e t a c e o u s . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 3 6 : 4 7 7 - 4 7 8 . M a r s h , O . C . 1 8 8 9 a . D i s c o v e r y o f C r e t a c e o u s M a m m a l i a . P a r t 1 . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 3 8 : 8 1 - 9 2 . M a r s h , O . C . 1 8 8 9 b . D i s c o v e r y o f C r e t a c e o u s M a m m a l i a . P a r t 2 . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 3 8 : 1 7 7 - 1 8 0 . 6 0 4 M a r s h , C C . 1 8 9 0 . D e s c r i p t i o n o f n e w d i n o s a u r i a n r e p t i l e s . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 3 9 : 8 1 - 8 6 . M a r s h , O . C . 1 8 9 2 a . N o t i c e o f n e w r e p t i l e s f r o m t h e L a r a m i e F o r m a t i o n . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 4 3 : 4 4 9 - 4 5 3 . M a r s h , O . C . 1 8 9 2 b . N o t e s o n M e s o z o i c v e r t e b r a t e f o s s i l s . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 4 4 : 1 7 1 - 1 7 6 . M a r s h , O . C . 1 8 9 2 c . D i s c o v e r y o f C r e t a c e o u s M a m m a l i a . P a r t 3 . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 4 3 : 2 4 9 - 2 6 2 . M a t t h e w , W . D . 1 9 1 4 . E v i d e n c e o f t h e P a l e o c e n e v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a o n t h e C r e t a c e o u s - T e r t i a r y p r o b l e m . B u l l e t i n o f t h e G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a . 2 5 : 3 8 1 - 4 0 2 . M c N u l t y , C L . a n d S l a u g h t e r , B M . 1 9 7 2 . T h e C r e t a c e o u s s e l a c h i a n g e n u s , P t y c h o t r y g o n , J A E K E L 1 8 9 4 . E c l o g a e G e o l o g i c a e H e l v e t i a e . 6 5 ( 3 ) : 6 4 7 - 6 5 6 . M e e k , E B . a n d H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 5 6 a . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f n e w s p e c i e s o f A c e p h a l a a n d G a s t r o p o d a , f r o m t h e T e r t i a r y f o r m a t i o n s o f N e b r a s k a T e r r i t o r y , w i t h s o m e g e n e r a l r e m a r k s o n t h e g e o l o g y o f t h e c o u n t r y a b o u t t h e s o u r c e s o f M i s s o u r i R i v e r . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 8 : 1 1 1 - 1 2 6 . M e e k , E B . a n d H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 5 6 b . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f n e w f o s s i l s p e c i e s o n M o l l u s c a c o l l e c t e d b y D r . F . V . H a y d e n , i n N e b r a s k a T e r r i t o r y ; t o g e t h e r w i t h a c o m p l e t e c a t a l o g u e o f a l l r e m a i n s o f I n v e r t e b r a t a h i t h e r t o d e s c r i b e d a n d i d e n t i fi e d f r o m t h e C r e t a c e o u s a n d T e r t i a r y f o r m a t i o n s o f t h a t r e g i o n . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 8 : 2 6 5 - 2 8 6 . M e e k , E B . a n d H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 5 7 . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f n e w s p e c i e s a n d g e n e r a o f f o s s i l s , c o l l e c t e d b y D r . F . V . H a y d e n , i n N e b r a s k a T e r r i t o r y , u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f L i e u t . G . K . W a r r e n , U . S . T o p o g r a p h i c a l E n g i n e e r ; w i t h s o m e r e m a r k s o n t h e T e r t i a r y a n d C r e t a c e o u s f o r m a t i o n s o f t h e n o r t h - w e s t , a n d t h e p a r a l l e l i s m o f t h e l a t t e r w i t h t h o s e o f o t h e r p o r t i o n s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 9 : 1 1 7 - 1 4 8 . M e e k , E B . a n d H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 5 8 . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f n e w o r g a n i c r e m a i n s c o l l e c t e d i n N e b r a s k a T e r r i t o r y i n t h e y e a r 1 8 5 7 , b y D r . F . V . H a y d e n , G e o l o g i s t t o t h e E x p l o r i n g E x p e d i t i o n u n d e r t h e c o m m a n d o f L i e u t . G . K . W a r r e n , T o p o g r a p h i c a l E n g i n e e r U S . A r m y t o g e t h e r w i t h s o m e r e m a r k s o n t h e g e o l o g y o f t h e B l a c k H i l l s a n d p o r t i o n s o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g c o u n t r y . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 1 0 : 4 1 - 5 9 . M e e k , E B . a n d H a y d e n , F . V . 1 8 6 2 . D e s c r i p t i o n s o f n e w L o w e r S i l u r i a n ( P r i m o r d i a l ) , 6 0 5 J u r a s s i c , C r e t a c e o u s , a n d T e r t i a r y f o s s i l s , c o l l e c t e d i n N e b r a s k a b y t h e E x p l o r i n g E x p e d i t i o n u n d e r t h e c o m m a n d o f C a p t . W i l l i a m F . R a y n o l d s , T o p o g r a p h i c a l E n g i n e e r U S A r m y t o g e t h e r w i t h s o m e r e m a r k s o n t h e r o c k s f r o m w h i c h t h e y w e r e o b t a i n e d . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s o f P h i l a d e l p h i a . 1 3 : 4 1 5 - 4 4 7 . M e y e r , R . L . 1 9 7 4 . L a t e C r e t a c e o u s e l a s m o b r a n c h s f r o m t h e M i s s i s s i p p i a n d E a s t T e x a s e m b a y m e n t s o f t h e G u l f C o a s t a l P l a i n ( u n p u b l i s h e d P h . D . d i s s e r t a t i o n ) . S o u t h e r n M e t h o d i s t U n i v e r s i t y , D a l l a s , T e x a s . 4 1 9 . M o o r e , D . S . 2 0 0 0 . T h e B a s i c P r a c t i c e o f S t a t i s t i c s . 2 n d E d i t i o n . W . H . F r e e m a n a n d C o m p a n y , N e w Y o r k . 6 1 9 . M o s s , S A . 1 9 6 7 . T o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t i n t h e l e m o n s h a r k , N e g a p r i o n b r e v i r o s t r i s . I n G i l b e r t , P . W . , M a t h e w s o n , R F , a n d R a l l , D . P . ( e d s ) . S h a r k s , S k a t e s , a n d R a y s . J o h n s H o p k i n s P r e s s , B a l t i m o r e , M a r y l a n d . 3 1 9 - 3 2 9 . M o s s , S A . 1 9 7 2 . T o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t a n d b o d y g r o w t h r a t e s i n t h e s m o o t h d o g fi s h , M u s t e l u s c a n i s ( M i t c h i l l ) . C o p e i a . 1 9 7 2 ( 4 ) : 8 0 8 - 8 1 1 . M i i l l e r , J . a n d H e n l e , J . 1 8 3 8 - 1 8 4 1 . S y s t e m a t i s c h e B e s c h r e i b u n g d e r P l a g i o s t o m e n . V e r l a g v o n V e i t u n d C o m p . , B e r l i n . U n p a g i n a t e d . N a y l o r , G . J . P . a n d M a r c u s , L . 1 9 9 4 . I d e n t i f y i n g i s o l a t e d s h a r k t e e t h o f t h e g e n u s C a r c h a r h i n u s t o s p e c i e s : R e l e v a n c e f o r t r a c k i n g p h y l e t i c c h a n g e t h r o u g h t h e f o s s i l r e c o r d . A m e r i c a n M u s e u m N o v i t a t e s . 3 1 0 9 : 1 - 5 3 . N e u m a n , A . G . , B r i n k m a n , D . B . , W i l s o n , M . V . H . 1 9 8 8 . F r e s h w a t e r fi s h e s f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n o f A l b e r t a . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 8 ( s u p p l e m e n t 3 ) : 2 3 A . O b r u c h e v , D . M . 1 9 5 3 . T h e s t u d y o f e d e s t i d s a n d t h e w o r k s o f A P . K a r p i n s k i i . W o r k s o f t h e P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l I n s t i t u t e o f t h e A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s o f t h e U S S R . 4 5 : 1 - 8 5 . [ i n R u s s i a n ] O r v i g , T . 1 9 5 1 . H i s t o l o g i c s t u d i e s o f P l a c o d e r r n s a n d f o s s i l E l a s m o b r a n c h s . I . T h e e n d o s k e l e t o n , w i t h r e m a r k s o n t h e h a r d t i s s u e s o f l o w e r v e r t e b r a t e s i n g e n e r a l . A r k i v f e r Z o o l o g i u t g i v e t a v K u n g l . S v e n s k a v e t e n k a p s - a k a d e m i e n . S e r . 2 ( 2 ) : 3 2 1 - 4 5 4 . O s b o r n , H F . 1 9 0 2 . O n V e r t e b r a t a o f t h e M i d - C r e t a c e o u s o f t h e N o r t h w e s t T e r r i t o r y . 1 : D i s t i n c t i v e c h a r a c t e r s o f t h e M i d - C r e t a c e o u s f a u n a . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y o f C a n a d a , C o n t r i b u t i o n s t o C a n a d i a n P a l a e o n t o l o g y . 3 ( 7 7 4 ) : 5 - 2 1 . O v e r s t r o m , N A . 1 9 9 1 . E s t i m a t e d t o o t h r e p l a c e m e n t r a t e i n c a p t i v e s a n d t i g e r s h a r k s ( C a r c h a r i a s t a u r u s R a fi n e s q u e , 1 8 1 0 ) . C o p e i a . 1 9 9 1 ( 2 ) : 5 2 5 - 5 2 6 . 6 0 6 O w e n , R . 1 8 4 6 . L e c t u r e s o n t h e c o m p a r a t i v e a n a t o m y a n d p h y s i o l o g y o f v e r t e b r a t e a n i m a l s . P a r t I : F i s h e s . L o n d o n . 1 8 4 . O w e n , R . 1 8 6 6 . C h a p t e r V . D i g e s t i v e s y s t e m o f H a m a t o c r y a . I n O n t h e a n a t o m y o f v e r t e b r a t e s . V o l u m e 1 . F i s h e s a n d R e p t i l e s . L o n g m a n s , G r e e n a n d C o . , L o n d o n , E n g l a n d . 3 5 9 - 4 5 4 . P a t t e r s o n , C . 1 9 6 5 . T h e p h y l o g e n y o f t h e C h i m a e r o i d s . P h i l o s o p h i c a l T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e R o y a l S o c i e t y o f L o n d o n . S e r i e s B , B i o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s . 2 4 9 ( 7 5 7 ) : 1 0 1 - 2 1 9 . P e a l e , A . C . 1 9 1 2 a . O n t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n a n d a g e o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n . J o u r n a l o f G e o l o g y . 2 0 ( 6 ) : 5 3 0 - 5 4 9 . P e a l e , A . C . 1 9 1 2 b . O n t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n a n d a g e o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n . J o u r n a l o f G e o l o g y . P a r t H . 2 0 ( 7 ) : 6 4 0 - 6 5 2 . P e a l e , A . C . 1 9 1 2 c . O n t h e s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t i o n a n d a g e o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n . J o u r n a l o f G e o l o g y . P a r t [ 1 1 . 2 0 ( 8 ) : 7 3 8 - 7 5 7 . P e r r y , E A . 1 9 9 4 . F o s s i l s h a r k s a n d r a y s o f t h e S a n t a C r u z M o u n t a i n , C a l i f o r n i a . N a t u r a l H i s t o r y G u i d e N o . 2 . S a n t a C r u z M u s e u m G u i d e A s s o c i a t i o n , S a n t a C r u z . 4 8 . P e y e r , B . 1 9 6 8 . C o m p a r a t i v e O d o n t o l o g y . U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s , C h i c a g o . 3 4 7 . [ t r a n s l a t e d f r o m G e r m a n a n d e d i t e d b y R a i n e r Z a n g e r l ] R e s e a r c h G r o u p f o r M e s o z o i c F o s s i l S h a r k s . 1 9 7 7 . C r e t a c e o u s f o s s i l e l a s m o b r a n c h s f r o m J a p a n ( F i r s t R e p o r t ) . B u l l e t i n o f t h e M i z u n a m i F o s s i l M u s e u m ( M i z u n a m i - s h i k a s e k i H a k u b a t s u k a n k e n k y é u h é o k o k u ) , G i f u , J a p a n . 4 : 1 1 9 - 1 3 8 . 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J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 1 6 ( s u p p l e m e n t 3 ) : 6 1 A . R o g e r s , R R . a n d K i d w e l l , S M . 2 0 0 0 . A s s o c i a t i o n o f v e r t e b r a t e s k e l e t a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d d i s c o n t i n u i t y s u r f a c e s i n t e r r e s t r i a l a n d S h a l l o w m a r i n e r e c o r d s : A t e s t i n t h e C r e t a c e o u s o f M o n t a n a . T h e J o u r n a l o f G e o l o g y . 1 0 8 : 1 3 1 - 1 5 4 . R e s e , C R . 1 8 9 7 . U b e r d i e v e r s c h i e d e n e n A b ' a n d e r u n g e n d e r H a r t g e w e b e b e i n i e d e r e n W i r b e l t i e r e n . A n a t o m i s c h e r A n z e i g e r . 1 4 : 3 3 - 6 9 . R o s e n , B R , a n d S m i t h , A B . 1 9 8 8 . T e c t o n i c s f r o m f o s s i l s ? A n a l y s i s o f r e e f - c o r a l a n d s e a - u r c h i n d i s t r i b u t i o n s f r o m L a t e C r e t a c e o u s t o R e c e n t , u s i n g a n e w m e t h o d . I n A u d l e y - C h a r l e s , M G . a n d H a l l a m , A . ( e d s ) . A n a l y t i c a l B i o g e o g r a p h y . C h a p m a n a n d H a l l , L o n d o n . 2 7 5 - 3 0 6 . R u s s e l l , D A . a n d L a n d e s , R . W . 1 9 4 0 . G e o l o g y o f t h e s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a p l a i n s . P a r t I : S t r a t i g r a p h y a n d s t r u c t u r e ; P a r t H : P a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e m a r i n e f o r m a t i o n s o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y o f C a n a d a M e m o i r . 2 2 1 : 1 - 2 2 3 . R u s s e l l , L S . 1 9 6 4 . C r e t a c e o u s n o n - m a r i n e f a u n a s o f n o r t h w e s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a . L i f e S c i e n c e s , C o n t r i b u t i o n s , R o y a l O n t a r i o M u s e u m . 6 1 : 1 - 2 4 . S a h n i , A . 1 9 7 2 . T h e v e r t e b r a t e f a u n a o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n , M o n t a n a . B u l l e t i n o f t h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y . 1 4 7 ( 6 ) : 3 2 1 - 4 1 2 . S a n k e y , J . T . , F o x , R . C . , B r i n k m a n , D B , a n d E b e r t h , D A . 1 9 9 9 . P a l e o e c o l o g y o f m a m m a l s f r o m t h e D i n o s a u r P a r k F o r m a t i o n ( J u d i t h R i v e r G r o u p , L a t e C a m p a n i a n ) , s o u t h e r n A l b e r t a . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 1 9 ( s u p p l e m e n t 3 ) : 7 3 . S a n k e y , J . T . , B r i n k m a n , D . B . , G u e n t h e r , M . , a n d C u r r i e , P . J . 2 0 0 2 . S m a l l t h e r o p o d a n d b i r d t e e t h f r o m t h e L a t e C r e t a c e o u s ( L a t e C a m p a n i a n ) J u d i t h R i v e r G r o u p , A l b e r t a . J o u r n a l o f P a l e o n t o l o g y . 7 6 ( 4 ) : 7 5 1 - 7 6 3 . S c h w i m m e r , D . R . , H o o k s , G . E . , I I I , a n d J o h n s o n , B . 2 0 0 2 . R e v i s e d t a x o n o m y , a g e , a n d g e o g r a p h i c r a n g e o f t h e l a r g e l a m n i f o r m s h a r k C r e t o d u s s e m i p l i c a t u s . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 2 2 ( 3 ) : 7 0 4 - 7 0 7 . 6 0 8 S h i m a d a , K . 1 9 9 6 . S e l a c h i a n s f r o m t h e F o r t H a y s L i m e s t o n e M e m b e r o f t h e N i o b r a r a C h a l k ( U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ) , E l l i s C o u n t y , K a n s a s . T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e . 9 9 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 1 5 . S h i m a d a , K . 2 0 0 6 . M a r i n e v e r t e b r a t e s f r o m t h e B l u e H i l l M e m b e r o f t h e C a r l i l e S h a l e ( U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s : M i d d l e T u r o n i a n ) i n K a n s a s . I n L u c a s , S . G . a n d S u l l i v a n R . M . ( e d s ) . L a t e C r e t a c e o u s v e r t e b r a t e s f r o m t h e W e s t e r n I n t e r i o r . N e w M e x i c o M u s e u m o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y a n d S c i e n c e B u l l e t i n . 3 5 : 1 6 5 - 1 7 6 . S h i m a d a , K . 2 0 0 7 . S k e l e t a l a n d d e n t a l a n a t o m y o f l a m n i f o r m s h a r k , C r e t a l a m n a a p p e n d i c u l a t a , f r o m U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s N i o b r a r a C h a l k o f K a n s a s . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 2 7 ( 3 ) : 5 8 4 — 6 0 2 . S h i m a d a , K . , S c h u m a c h e r , B . A . , P a r k i n , J . A . , a n d P a l e r m o , J . M . 2 0 0 6 . F o s s i l m a r i n e v e r t e b r a t e s f r o m t h e l o w e r m o s t G r e e n h o m L i m e s t o n e ( U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s : M i d d l e C e n o m a n i a n ) : i n s o u t h e a s t e r n C o l o r a d o . J o u r n a l o f P a l e o n t o l o g y . M e m o i r 6 3 : 1 - 4 5 . S i e g e l , S . 1 9 5 6 . N o n p a r a m e t r i c s t a t i s t i c s f o r t h e b e h a v i o r a l s c i e n c e s . S e r i e s i n P s y c h o l o g y . M c G r a W - H i l l B o o k C o m p a n y , I n c . , N e w Y o r k . 3 1 2 . S i m p s o n , G . G . 1 9 4 3 . M a m m a l s a n d t h e n a t u r e o f c o n t i n e n t s . A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e . 2 4 1 ( 1 ) : 1 - 3 1 . S i v e r s o n , M . 1 9 9 2 . B i o l o g y , d e n t a l m o r p h o l o g y a n d t a x o n o m y o f l a m n i f o r m s h a r k s f r o m t h e C a m p a n i a n o f t h e K r i s t i a n s t a d B a s i n , S w e d e n . P a l a e o n t o l o g y . 3 5 ( 3 ) : 5 1 9 - 5 5 4 . S i v e r s o n , M . 1 9 9 5 . R e v i s i o n o f C r e t o r e c t o l o b u s ( N e o s e l a c h i i ) a n d d e s c r i p t i o n o f C e d e r s t r o e m i a n . g e n . , a C r e t a c e o u s c a r p e t s h a r k ( O r e c t o l o b i f o r m e s ) w i t h a c u t t i n g d e n t i t i o n . J o u r n a l o f P a l e o n t o l o g y . 6 9 ( 5 ) : 9 7 4 - 9 7 9 . S i v e r s o n , M . 1 9 9 6 . L a m n i f o r r n s h a r k s o f t h e m i d - C r e t a c e o u s A l i n g a F o r m a t i o n a n d B e e d a g o n g C l a y s t o n e , w e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a . P a l a e o n t o l o g y . 3 9 ( 4 ) : 8 1 3 - 8 4 9 . S o l e r — G i j o n , R . a n d L o p e z - M a r t i n e z , N . 1 9 9 8 . S h a r k s a n d r a y s ( C h o n d r i c h t h y e s ) f r o m t h e U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s r e d b e d s o f t h e s o u t h - c e n t r a l P y r e n e e s ( L l e i d a , S p a i n ) : i n d i c e s o f a n I n d i a - E u r a s i a c o n n e c t i o n . P a l a e o g e o g r a p h y , P a l a e o c l i m a t o l o g y , P a l a e o e c o l o g y . 1 4 1 ( 1 9 9 8 ) : 1 - 1 2 . S t a h l , B . J . 1 9 9 9 . C h o n d r i c h t h y e s I I I . H o l o c e p h a l i : H a n d b o o k o f P a l e o i c h t h y o l o g y . V o l u m e 4 . S c h u l t z e , H . — P . ( e d ) . V e r l a g D r . F r i e d r i c h P f e i l , M i i n c h e n . 1 6 4 . S t a h l , B . J . a n d C h a t t e r j e e , S . 2 0 0 2 . A L a t e C r e t a c e o u s c a l l o r h y n c h i d ( C h o n d r i c h t h y e s , 6 0 9 H o l o c e p h a l i ) f r o m S e y m o u r I s l a n d , A n t a r c t i c a . J o u r n a l o f V e r t e b r a t e P a l e o n t o l o g y . 2 2 ( 4 ) : 8 4 8 - 8 5 0 . S t a n t o n , T . W . a n d H a t c h e r , J . B . 1 9 0 5 . G e o l o g y a n d p a l e o n t o l o g y o f t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s . B u l l e t i n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y . 2 5 7 : 1 - 1 2 8 . S t e b i n g e r , E . 1 9 1 4 a . S t r a t i g r a p h y o f t h e M o n t a n a G r o u p ( U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s ) i n n o r t h w e s t e r n M o n t a n a a n d i t s r e l a t i o n t o t h e B e l l y R i v e r b e d s a n d J u d i t h R i v e r F o r m a t i o n ( a b s t r a c t ) . J o u r n a l o f t h e W a s h i n g t o n A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s . 4 : 3 8 3 - 3 8 4 . 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N o t e s o n t h e f o s s i l v e r t e b r a t e s c o l l e c t e d o n t h e C o p e e x p e d i t i o n t o t h e J u d i t h R i v e r a n d C o w I s l a n d b e d s , M o n t a n a . S c i e n c e . 4 0 ( 1 0 2 1 ) : 1 3 4 - 1 3 5 . S t e m b e r g , C H . 1 9 1 5 . E v i d e n c e p r o v i n g t h a t t h e B e l l y R i v e r b e d s o f A l b e r t a a r e e q u i v a l e n t w i t h t h e J u d i t h R i v e r b e d s o f M o n t a n a . S c i e n c e . 4 2 ( 1 0 7 3 ) : 1 3 1 - 1 3 3 . S t e m b e r g , C . H . 1 9 1 6 - 1 9 1 7 . F i v e y e a r s ’ e x p l o r a t i o n s i n t h e f o s s i l b e d s o f A l b e r t a . T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e K a n s a s A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e . 2 8 : 2 0 5 - 2 1 1 . S t e m b e r g , C H . 1 9 1 8 . S t e m b e r g ’ s e x p e d i t i o n t o t h e R e d D e e r R i v e r , A l b e r t a , 1 9 1 7 . T r a n s a c t i o n s o f t h e K a n s a s A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e . 2 9 : 8 8 - 9 1 . 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