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%!g!POaOVPP_OXR!D8J;9;8A?D?!W(
%!g!PPbOXR!8DE!
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%!g!PNfOVP`OOXT!!)F@=8A!8AB8D?:!F>:?@I?E!<DGACE?E!;?
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%!g!fOOXR!FG98D?!W(
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!"<HC@?!`TPT!0;@F=89FH@8=!FK!CD?I8JF@89?E!
H8:FA<D?!-
R!DF@=8A<Y?E!9F!D
V9?9@8E?G8D?!WDF9!:;FUDXT
!0670090011001300Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
%FAC?D?
!0NV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!1?9;7A
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!WOTfR!OT_R!OT`R!8DE!OTPX
!>7!=8::!8DE!8D8A7Y?E!
>7!,0
V1+R!8H8<D!C:<DH!J8@8=?9?@:!<D!0;8J9
?@!NT!!
"<HC@?!`TN!:;FU:!8!G;@F=89FH@8=!FK!
CD?I8JF@89?E!H8:FA<D?!-!FI?@A8<E!U<9;!G;@F=89FH@8=:!FK!8JJ@FS<=89?!"
9F98A
!g!OT_!W_Ol!?I8JF@89?EX!8DE!"
9F98A
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9F98A
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!GF=JFCDE:!8:!9;?!CD?I8JF@89?E!H8:FA<D?R!>C9!U<9;!AFU?@!
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%!h!QOOT!!Z;<A?!8>CDE8DG?:!8@?!AFU?@R!9;?!8>CDE8DG?!FK!
GF=JFCDE:!?AC9<DH!U<9;!(
%!h!QOO!:9<AA!8GGFCD9:!KF@!8>FC9!__l!FK!9;?!9F98A!8>CDE8DG?!FK!9;?!
G;@F=89FH@8=R!8
:!FJJF:?E!9F!8JJ@FS<=89?A7!bOl!KF@!
9;?
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DF@=8A<Y?E
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9F98A
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9F98A
!OTP!>7!=8::R!9;?!8>CDE8DG?!FK!GF=JFCDE:!
?AC9<DH!U<9;!(
%!h!QOO!8GGFCD9:!KF@!h!bl!FK!9;?!9F98A!8>CDE8DG?!FK!9;?!G;@F=89FH@8=R!8H8<D!
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9F98A
!g!OTP!>7!=8::T!!-9!9;<:!
"9F98A
R!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:!8DE!D8J;9;8A?D?:!8@?!:9<AA!J@?:?D9R!8A9;FCH;!8>CDE8DG?!FK!0
`V!ab!8AB7A>?DY?D?:!E?G@?8:?!>7!8JJ@FS<=89?A7!8!9;<@E!U;<A?!
D8J;9;8A?D?!8DE!=?9;7A
VD8J;9;8A?D?:!
@?=8<D!A8@H?A7!CDG;8DH?ET!
!"<HC@?!`TNT!0F=J8@<:FD!FK!G;@F=89FH@8=:!FK!CD?I8JF@89?E!W>AC?XR!"
9F98A
!g!OT_!W7?AAFUXR!8DE!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!WH@??DX!>7!=8::!
FK!H8:FA<D?!-T
!!0F=JFCDE:
!FK!;<H;?@!IFA89<A<97
!;8I?!;<H;?@!?I8JF@89<FD!@89?!GFD:98D9:!9;8D!9;?<@!AFU?@!
IFA89<A<97!GFCD9?@J8@9:T!!-:!H8:F
A<D?!?I8JF@89?:R!=F@?!IFA89<A?!GF=JFCDE:!8@?!J@?K?@?D9<8AA7!AF:9!
K<@:9T!!-:!9;?:?!=F@?!IFA89<A?!GF=JFCDE:!;8I?!AFU?@!>F<A<DH!JF<D9:R!9;?7!?AC9?!K<@:9!K@F=!9;?!,0!
C:<DH!9?=J?@89C@?
VJ@FH@8==?E!GFDE<9<FD:T!!-:!8!@?:CA9R!8:!"
9F98A
!E?G@?8:?:R!8>CDE8DG?!FK!9;?:?
!?8@A7
V?AC9<DH!GF=JFCDE:!<D!9;?!G;@F=89FH@8=!E?G@?8:?:T!!%;<:!<:!GFD:<:9?D9!U<9;!9;?!J899?@D!
F>:?@I?E!<D!"<HC@?!`TNT
!!`TN!0C@@?D9!3<=<989<FD:!<D!5@?E<G9<DH!0;@F=89FH@8=:!0F@@?:JFDE<DH!9F!'I8JF@89?E!,8:FA<D?
!!0;@F=89FH@8=:!FK!CD?I8JF@89?E!H8:FA<D?!W8D8A7Y?E
!8:!E?:G@<>?E!<D!
0;8J9?@!NX!
U?@?!C:?E!
9F!J@?E<G9!G;@F=89FH@8=:!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!9F!E<KK?@?D9!"
9F98A
!>7!=8::T!!%;?!J@?E<G9?E!
0670090011001300Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
%FAC?D?
!0NV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!1?9;7A
VD8J;9;8A?D?:
!0c!)8J;9;8A?D?
!0aV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!!af!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U?@?!9;?D!GF=J8@?E!9F!?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!9F!9;?!:8=?!
A?I?AT!!
#:<DH!9;?:?!8D8A7:<:!J8@8=?9?@:R!9;?!@?9?D9<FD!<DE?S!@8DH?!9;89!U8:!I<:<>A?!:98@9?E!89!(
%!g!fOO!8DE!9;?!@8DH?!C:?E!KF@!J@?E<G9<FD!JC@JF:?:!:J8DD?E!(
%!g!fOOVP`c_T!!%;?!CJJ?@!A<=<9!FK!(
%!g!P`c_!U8:!:?A?G9?E!9F!?SGACE?!9?9@8E?G8D?!W0
PaXR!9;?!<D9?@D8A!:98DE8@ER!K@F=!=FE?A<DHT
!!)F@=8A<Y89<FD!9F!9;?!<D9?@D8A!:98DE8@E!U8:!J?@KF@=?E!>7!:?99<DH!9;?!;?<H;9!FK!9;?!<D9?@D8A!
:98DE8@E!9F!PTOT
!!!%;?!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=:!GFD
:<:9?D9A7!CDE?@J@?E<G9?E!9;?!
@AB!WFI?@J@?E<G9?E!9;?!
?S9?D9!FK!?I8JF@89<FDX!FI?@!9;?!(
%!@8DH?!fOO
VPNOO!U;?D!GF=J8@?E!9F!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!?SJ?@<=?D98A!
G;@F=89FH@8=:!W"<HC@?:!`T`
V`T_XT!!%;<:!CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!FK!
@AB!<:!@?KA?G9?E!<D!9;?!G;@F=89FH@8=!
8:!8!AFU?
@!8>CDE8DG?!FK!9;?!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=!
8:!GF=J8@?E!9F
!?SJ?@<=?D98A!
G;@F=89FH@8=R!U<9;!9;?!?S9?D9!FK!CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!89!?8G;!(
%!I8@7<DH!U<9;!?8G;!"
9F98A
!A?I?AT!!"F@!
<D:98DG?R!9;?!
CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!<:!=F:9!J@F=<D?D9!<D!9;?!
@8DH?!fOO
VPNOO!<D!9;?!"
9F98A!
g!OTP!:8=JA?R!
U;<A?!9;?!@8DH?!KF@!9;?!"
9F98A
!g!OT_!:8=JA?!:;FU:!
9;?!=F:9!J@F=<D?D9!
CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!FI?@!9;?!(
%!@8DH?
!fOOVPOOOT!!0FD:<:9?D9!CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!FK!
@AB!89!=8D7!
@?9?D9<FD!<DE<G?:!A?E!9F!GFD:<:9?D9A7!
AFU?@!8>CDE8DG?:!<D!9;?!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=:R!U<9;!9;?!E<:G@?J8DG7!>?9U??D!J@?E<G9?E!8DE!
?SJ?@<=?D98A!8>CDE8DG?!
>?<DH!
=F@?!J@F=<D?D9!8:!(
%!E?G@?8:?
ET!!'SJ?@<=?D98AA7R!89!"
9F98A
!I8AC?:!
FK!OTfR!OT_R!8DE!OT`R!G;@F=89FH
@8J;<G!J?8B:!U?@?!I<:<>A?!89!9;?!:8=?!(
%!U<9;!8>CDE8DG?:!
E?G@?8:<DH!U<9;!E?G@?8:
?E!"9F98A
R!8:
!?SJ?G9?ET!!(D!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=:R!;FU?I?@R!:F=?!FK!
9;?:?!:;8@?E!G;@F=89FH@8J;<G!J?8B:!
9;89
!U?@?!I<:<>A?!?SJ?@<=?D98AA7!U?@?!J@?E<G9?E!9F!;8I?!8D!
8>CDE8DG?!89
!F@!D?8@!
Y?@F
!KF@!>F9;!"
9F98A
!g!OT_!8DE!OT`!W"<HC@?:!`T`!8DE!`TaXT!!"F@!G;@F=89FH@8J;<G!
J?8B:!9;89!U?@?!J@?E<G9?E!9F!;8I?!DFD
VY?@F!8>CDE8DG?!89!(
%!h!POOOR!D8=?A7!9FAC?D?!8DE!9;?!0
NV!8DE!0
`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:R!9;?!@89<F!FK!J@?E<G9?E
V9FV?SJ?@<=?D98A!8>CDE8DG?!E?G
@?8:?E!8:!"
9F98A
!E?G@?8:?ET!!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!U?@?!
h!OTcN!KF@!8AA!:8=JA?:!U<9;!"
9F98A
!g!OT_R!OT`R!8DE!OTP
!>7!=8::!
!ac!W%8>A?!`TPX
T!!%8>A?!`TP!<DGACE?:!:8=JA?:!
K@F=!=CA9<JA?!H8:FA<D?!:FC@G?:R!E?K<D?E!8:!-R!6R!8DE!0T!!
2?98<A!FD!9;?!:FC@G?:!G8D!>?!KFCDE!<D!%8>A?!NTPT
!"<HC@?!`T`T!0F=J8@<:FD!FK!8!G;@F=89FH@8=!FK!?SJ?@<=?D98AA7!?I8JF@89?E!"
9F98
A!g!OT_!>7!=8::!
H8:FA<D?!-!WF@8DH?X!U<9;!9;?!GF@@?:JFDE<D
H!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=!W>AC?X
T!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0570090011001300Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
%FAC?D?
!0NV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!1?9;7A
VD8J;9;8A?D?:
!0c!)8J;9;8A?D?
!0aV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!!aQ!"<HC@?!`TaT!0F=J8@<:FD!FK!8!G;@F=89FH@8=!FK!?SJ?@<=?D98AA7!?I8JF@89?E!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!>7!=8::!
H8:FA<D?!-!WF@8DH?X!U<9;!9;?!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!J@?E<G9?E!
G;@F=89FH@8=
!W>AC?X
T!!!!"<HC@?!`T_T!0F=J8@<:FD!FK!8!G;@F=89FH@8=!FK!?SJ?@<=?D98AA7!?I8JF@89?E!"
9F98A!
g!OTP!>7!=8::!
H8:FA<D?!-!WF@8DH?X!U<9;!9;?!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=!W>AC?X
T!!0270090011001300Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
%FAC?D?
!0NV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!1?9;7A
VD8J;9;8A?D?:
!0c!)8J;9;8A?D?
!0aV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0170090011001300Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
0NV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!1?9;7A
VD8J;9;8A?D?:
!)8J;9;8A?D?
!0aV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0170090011001300Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
0NV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!0`V8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!1?9;7A
VD8J;9;8A?D?:
!)8J;9;8A?D?
!0aV8AB7A>?DY?D?:
!!_O!%8>A?!`TPT!1?8D!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!G8AGCA89?E!>?9U??D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!8DE!J@?E<G9?E!
G;@F=89FH@8=:!C:<DH!F@<H<D8A!,0
V1+!J8@8=?9?@:!WJ@?E<G9?E!8DE!GF=J8@?E!FI?@!(
%!g!fOOVP`c_XT!!%;?!
±!<DE<G89?:!:98DE8@E!E?I<89<FDR!G8AGCA89?E!>8:?E!FD!Dg`T
!!!!%;?!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9!@8DH?!G8AGCA89?E!C:<DH!9;<:!,0
V1+!=?9;FE!<:!U<E?!WOTbbc_
VOTQ_OXR!U<9;!=8D7!GF?KK<G<?D9:!K8AA<DH!<D!9;?!=FE?@89?!GF@@?A89<FD!G89?HF@7!WOT_
VOTcX!W%8>A?!`TPXT!!
0F=J8@<:FD:!FK!J@?E<G9?E!8DE!?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U<9;!"
9F98A
!FK!OT_!@?:
CA9!<D!DF9!FDA7!8D!
<DG@?8:?E!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9!U;?D!GF=J8@?E!9F!"
9F98A
!OT`!GF=J8@<:FD:!FK!9;?!:8=?!H8:FA<D?R!>C9!
8A:F!;<H;?@!8>CDE8DG?!@89<F:!FK!J@?E<G9?E
V9FV?SJ?@<=?D98A!FI?@!=CG;!FK!9;?!(
%!@8DH?T!!%;?!;<H;?@!
8>CDE8DG?!@89<F:!=?8D!9;?!8>CDE8DG?:!FK!9;?!J@?
E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=!8@?!GAF:?@!9F!9;F:?!FK!9;?!
?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=T!!
%;?!?SG?J9<FD!9F!9;<:!9@?DE!<:!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!>7!=8::T!!%;?!GF=J8@<:FD!
>?9U??D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!8DE!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U<9;!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!GFD:<:9?D9A7!@?:CA9:!
<D!;<H;?@!
5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!
9;8D!9;?!GF=J8@<:FD!FK!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U<9;!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!W"<HC@?:!`Ta!8DE!`T_R!
%8>A?!`TPXT!!"F@!<D:98DG?R!U<9;!H8:FA<D?!-
R!9;?!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9!>?9U??D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!8DE!
J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U<9;!8D!8JJ@
FS<=89?!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!<:!OTfOcR!U;<A?!9;?!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9!
KF@!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U<9;!8D!8JJ@FS<=89?!
"9F98A
!g!OTP!<:!OTcPcT!!%;<:!<DG@?8:?!<D!GF@@?A89<FD!@?:CA9:!
K@F=!8!E?G@?8:?E!DC=>?@!FK!GF=JFCDE:!8DE
R!9;?@?KF@?
R!8!E?G@?8:?E!DC=>?@!FK!DFD
VY?@F!JF<D9:!FK!
GF@@?
A89<FDT!!Z;<A?!9;?@?!<:!:9<AA!:F=?!E<:G@?J8DG7!<D!8>CDE8DG?!FK!9;?!?8@A<?@!?AC9<DH!GF=JFCDE:!
<D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!"
9F98A
!g!OTPR!9;?!DC=>?@!FK!JF<D9:!U<9;!E<:G@?J8DG7!8DE!9;?!?S9?D9!FK!9;?!
E<:G@?J8DG7!<:!AFU?@!9;8D!U<9;!"
9F98A
!g!OT`T!!!!!%&#$'"()*%;
%&#$'"()*%H
%&#$'"()*%!
%I8'8#"
%M%NOP%,D%9#$$
%OTcPc!±!OTOOP!OTfb_!±!OTOON!OTfNb!±!OTOON!I8'8#"
%M%NOQ%,D%9#$$
%OTfOc!±!OTOO`!OTfP`!±!OTOOa!OTbbc_!±!OTOOO`!I8'8#"
%M%NO6%,D%9#$$
%OTcPP!±!OTOO`!OTff!±!OTON!OTcPf!±!OTOO`!I8'8#"
%M%NOR%,D%9#$$
%OTQ_O!±!OTOON!)F9!8D8A7Y?E
!)F9!8D8A7Y?E
!!_P!`T`!$?K<D?=?D9!FK!(D:9@C
=?D98A!8DE!2898!5@FG?::<DH!58@8=?9?@:
!9F!(=J@FI?!0F@@?A89<FD!>?9U??D!
'SJ?@<=?D98A!8DE!5@?E<G9?E!0;@F=89FH@8=:
!!,8:FA<D?!<:!8!I?@7!IFA89<A?!A<LC<E!8DE!9;?
!B<D?9<G
!=FE?A!8JJ?8@:!9F!>?!FI?@J@?E<G9<DH!9;?!
?S9?D9!FK!?I8JF@89<FDT!!
-D!<DI?:9<H89<FD!U8:!
:98@9?E
!9F!E?9?@=<D?!U;?9;?@!9;?@?!
U?@?!=F@?!
GF=JFCDE:!J@?:?D9!<D!9;?!A<LC<E!9;89!U?@?!DF9!>?<DH!F>:?@I?E!CDE?@!9;?!F@<H<D8A!,0
V1+!J8@8=?9?@:R
!8:!9;<:
!GFCAE!>?!GFD9@<>C9<DH!9F!9;?!FI?@J@?E<G9<FD!FK!?I8JF@89<FDT!!
-!A<=<989<FD!FK!
9;?!F@<H<D8A!,0
V1+!J8@8=?9?@:!
9;89
!A<B?A7!GFD9@<>C9?E!9F!9;?!AFU?@!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!U<9;!
H8:FA<D?!<:!9;?!A<=<9?E!(
%!@8DH?T!!%;?!,0
V1+!J8@8=?9?@:!U?@?!:?A?G9?E!9F!>?!GFD:<:9?D9!U<9;!
9;F:?!C:?E!<D!=FE?A!E?I?AFJ=?D9R!;FU?I?@R!U;<A?!9;?!@8DH?!:98@9<DH!89!(
%!g!fOO!<:!:CKK<G<?D9!KF@!
J?9@FA?C=!E<:9<
AA89?:R!H8:FA<D?!GFD98<D:!GF=JFCDE:!U<9;!(
%!h!fOOT!!!!%;?:?!GF=JFCDE:!8@?!DF9!
F>:?@I?E!<D!9;?!?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!EC?!9F!9;?!,0
V1+!J8@8=?9?@:!:?A?G9?ET!!%F!
E?9?@=<D?!9;?!<E?D9<97!FK!9;?:?!GF=JFCDE:R!H8:FA<D?!U8:!8D8A7Y?E!C:<DH!9;?!:8=?!,0
V1+!=?9;FE!
8:!E?:G@<>?E
!<D!0;8J9?@!N!8DE!+?G9<FD:!`TP!8DE!`TNR!>C9!C:<DH!8!POO
V=!GFAC=DR!@89;?@!
9;8D!8!`O
V=!GFAC=DR!U<9;!9;?!:8=?!:989<FD8@7!J;8:?
T!!%;?!AFDH?@!GFAC=D!@?:CA9?E!<D!GF=JFCDE:!
>?<DH!=F@?!@?98<D?E
R!@?:CA9<DH!<D!A89?@!?AC9<FD
!8DE!:?J8@89<FD!K@F=!9;?!:FAI?D9
T!!%;<:!A89?@!?AC9<FD!
8AAFU?E!I<:C8A<Y89<FD!FK!GF=JFCDE:!U<9;!(
%!h!fOO!W"<HC@?!`TbXR
!:CG;!8:
!J?D98D?!W(
%!g!_OOXR!;?S8D?!W(
%!g!bOOXR!=?9;7AJ?D98D?:!W(
%!g!_bOV_cOXR!=?9;7A;?S8D?!W(
%!g!bbfXR!8DE!>?DY?D?!W(
%!g!baPXT!!-!KCAA!A<:9
!FK!GF=JFCDE:!U<9;!(
%!h!fOOR!JAC:!9FAC?D?R!F>:?@I?E!FD!9;?!POO
V=!8DE!`O
V=!GFAC=D:!<:!H<I?D!<D!%8>A?!`TNT!!
!!_N!"<HC@?!`TbT!0;@F=89FH@8=!FK!CD?I8JF@89?E!H8:FA<D?!-!8D8A7Y?E!FD!9;?!POO
V=!GFAC=DT!!
0F=JFCDE!<E?D9<9<?:!8@?!A<:9?E!<D!%8>A?!`TNT
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!01.2
400500600700800Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
P!N!a!_!f!Q!`!b!c!POVP`!Pa!P_!Pb!Pf!!_`!%8>A?!`TNT!3<:9!FK!GF=JFCDE:!F>:?@I?E!U<9;!(
%!h!fOO!WJAC:!9FAC?D?X!C:<DH!9;?!POO
V=!8DE!`O
V=!26VP!GFAC=D:T
!!'9>'1).%S
%T*8*)8(')%
=).*C%UQN
+9/%V(83%
$'"F*)8%
.*"#DW
%T*8*)8(')%
=).*C%UPNN
+9/%)'%$'"F*)8%
.*"#DW
%T*8*)8(')%
=).*C%UQN
+9/%)'%$'"F*)8%
.*"#DW
%!'9>'1).
%P%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!acP!aQO!1?9;7A>C98D?
!X%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!_OO!_OO!$VJ?D98D?
!Q%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!_O_!)F9!F>:?@I?E
!1?9;7A>C9?D?
!Y%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!__N!)F9!F>:?@I?E
!2<G;AF@F?9;7A?D?
!6%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!_bb!_bP!1?9;7AJ?D98D?
!Z%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!_cN!_fc!1?9;7AJ?D98D?
!R%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!bOO!bOO!$V;?S8D?
!5%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!b`O!bPQ!1?9;7AG7GAFJ?D98D?
![%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!b__!baP!6?DY?D?
!PN%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!bbb!baQ!07GAF;?S8D?
!PP%)F9!
F>:?@I?E
!bfP!b_Q!2<=?9;7AJ?D98D?
!PX%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!bfb!bbf!1?9;7A;?S8D?
!PQ%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!bcP!)F9!F>:?@I?E
!07GAF;?S?D?
!PY%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!bcc!bcO!2<=?9;7AG7GAFJ?D98D?
!P6%)F9!F>:?@I?E
!bQ`!bc_!%?9@8=?9;7A>C98D?
!PZ%fOO!fOO!fOO!$V;?J98D?
!PR%f_O!fb`!f_O!%FAC?D?
!!%;?!GF=JFCDE:!U<9;!(
%!h!fOO!F>:?@I?E!C:<DH!9;?!POO
V=!GFAC=D!U?@?!A<B?A7!?AC9<DH!
EC@<DH!9;?!:FAI?D9!E?A87!U;?D!C:<DH!9;?!F@<H<D8A!=?9;FE!FD!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=DT!!%F!>?!KF@?D:<G8AA7!
@?A?I8D9R!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=D!U8:!@?
V<D:98AA?ER!8DE!9;?!`
V=<D!:FAI?D9!E?A8
7!U8:!?A<=<D89?E!9F!E?9?G9!
9;?:?!?8@A7!?AC9<DH!GF=JFCDE:T!!(D:9?8E!FK!8!:FAI?D9!E?A87R!9;?!E?9?G9F@!U8:!9C@D?E!FKK!>?9U??D!
PTb_!8DE!PTcc!=<D!EC@<DH!9;?!:FAI?D9!?AC9<FDT!!Z<9;!9;<:!=FE<K<G89<FDR!GF=JFCDE:!U<9;!(
%!8:!AFU!
8:!_OO!U?@?!F>:?@I?E!W"<HC@?!`TfXT!!"
C@9;?@R!=F:9!GF=JFCDE:!F>:?@I?E!
W>?KF@?!(
%!g!fOOX!C:<DH!
9;?!POO
V=!GFAC=D!U?@?!
8A:F!F>:?@I?E
!C:<DH!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=D!U<9;!9;?!:FAI?D9!E?A87!
?A<=<D89?E!
W%8>A?!`TNXT!!%;?@?!U?@?!8!K?U!GF=JFCDE:!I<:<>A?!U<9;!9;?!POO
V=!GFAC=D!9;89!U?@?!DF9!I<:<>A?!
!_a!U<9;!9;?!`O
V=!G
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V?AC9?E!U<9;!9;?!:FAI?D9!>8:?E!FD!9;?<@!
JF:<9<FD!
W(%!g!_O_!8DE!__NX!
@?A89<I?!9F!F9;?@!GF=JFCDE:!
9;89
!U?@?!I<:<>A?!U<9;!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=D!
U<9;!DF!:FAI?D9!E?A87!E<@?G9A7!>?KF@?!8DE!8K9?@!9;?!E?9?G9F@!U8:!9C@D?E!FKK!W(
%!g!_OO!8D
E!_bOXT!!07GAF;?S?D?!<:!8DF9;?@!GF=JFCDE!I<:<>A?!FDA7!<D!9;?!G;@F=89FH@8=!K@F=!9;?!POO
V=!GFAC=DR!>C9!
9;<:!GF=JFCDE!U8:!899@<>C9?E!9F!:FAI?D9!<=JC@<9<?:
T!!-!E<KK?@?D9!:FAI?D9!>F99A?R!U<9;FC9!9;?!
G7GAF;?S?D?!<=JC@<97R!U8:!C:?E!9F!J@?J8@?!9;?!:8=JA?:!8D8A7Y?E!FD!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=DT!!
!"<HC@?!`TfT!0;@F=89FH@8=!FK!CD?I8JF@89?E!H8:FA<D?!-!8D8A7Y?E!FD!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=D!U<9;!9;?!
?S9?DE?E!(
%!@8DH?T!!0F=JFCDE!<E?D9<9<?:!8@?!A<:9?E!<D!%8>A?!`TN
T!!!!%F!J@?E<G9!@?9?D9<FD!<DE<G?:
!=F@?!8GGC@89?A7
!FI?@!9;?!U;FA?!@8DH?!FK!GF=JFCDE:!
F>:?@I?E!<D!H8:FA<D?R!8D!8AB8D?!A8EE?@!U8:!J@?J8@?E!GFD98<D<DH!8AA!DF@=8A!8AB8D?:!K@F=!
$VJ?D98D?!W(
%!g!_OOX!9F!
$V9?9@8E?G8D?!W(
%!g!PaOOXT!!%;?!8AB8D?!A8EE?@!U8:!8D8A7Y?E!89!9;?!:98@9!FK!
?8G;!E87!U;?D!:8=JA?:!U?@?!8D8A7Y?E!8DE!C:?E!9F!E?9?@=<D?!@?9?D9<FD!<DE<G?:T
!!(E?8AA7R!9;?!
8AB8D?!A8EE?@!UFCAE!>?!<DGACE?E!<D!9;?!:8=JA?!KF@!9;?!=F:9!8GGC@89?!E?9?@=<D89<FD!FK!(
%R!;FU?I?@R!9;<:!U8:!DF9!E??=?E!K?8:<>A?!KF@!9;<:!@?:?8@G;!8DE!:F!8D!?S9?@D8A!8AB8D?!A8EE?@!U8:!
02400500600700800Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
"!#!$!%!&!'!(!"#!"$!"'!"%!""!")!"*!2?9?G9F@!
.KK
!!__!?=JAF7?ET
!!%;?!(
%!@8DH?!?S9?D:<FD!8DE!8EE<9<FD!FK!9;?!8AB8D?!A8EE?@!A?E!9F!H@?89?@!:<=<A8@<97!
>?9U??D!J@?E<G9?E!8DE!?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!KF@!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!8DE!OT
_!>7!=8::
T!!%;<:!
<DG@?8:?E!:<=<A8@<97!<:
!@?KA?G9?E!>7!<DG@?8:?E!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!U;?D!GF=J8@?E!9F!GF=J8@<:FD:!
=8E?!C:<DH!G;@F=89FH@8=:!J@?E<G9?E!U<9;!9;?!F@<H<D8A!J8@8=?9?@:!W%8>A?!`T`R!GFAC=D:!P!8DE!NXT!!
!!%8>A?!`T`T!1?8D!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!G8AGCA89?E!>?9
U??D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!8DE!J@?E<G9?E!H8:FA<D?!-!
G;@F=89FH@8=:!>?KF@?!8DE!8K9?@!(
%!@8DH?!?S9?D:<FD!8DE!U<9;!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FD!WDg`XT!!(D!
9;<:!8DE!8AA!:C>:?LC?D9!98>A?:R!H8:FA<D?:!U<AA!>?!8>>@?I<89?E!<D!9;?!KF@=!,8:!
iVjVOTP!U;?@?!,8:!
i!<:!9;?!:FC@G?!FK!H8:FA
<D?!>?<DH!8D8A7Y?ER!j!<:!9;?!E87!8D8A7Y?ER!8DE!OTP!<:!9;?!8JJ@FS<=89?!
?SJ?@<=?D98A!"
9F98A
!G8AGCA89?E!>7!=8::T
!%B-(2()#"%7#-#9*8*-$%
=\%M%RNN%]%PQ56!@'%H#0A2-'1).%
E1,8-#08(')
%4C8*).*.%=
\%T#)2*%
=\%M%6NN%]%PQ56!@'%H#0A2-'1).%
E1,8-#08(')
%4C8*).*.%=
\%T#)2*%
=\%M%6NN%]%PQ56%H#0A2-'1).%
E1,8-#08(')
%&#$%;
+N+NOP%OTcPc!±!OTOOP!OT_Q!±!OTON!OTffaO!±!OTOOOf!&#$%;
+N+NOQ%OTfOc!±!OTOO`!OTcaP!±!OTOOf!OTcN_!±!OTOOf!&#$%;
+N+NO6%OTcPP!±!OTOO`!OTQPa!±!OTOOQ!OTQP!±!OTON!&#$%;
+N+NOR%OTQ_O!±!OTOON!OTQ_`!±!OTOOa!OTQ_a!±!OTOOb!!%;?!E?G@?8:?E!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9!KF@!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!8K9?@!(
%!@8DH?!?S9?D:<FD!U8:!EC?!9F!9;?!
:FAI?D9!WE<G;AF@F=?9;8D?X!8DE!:FAI?D9!<=JC@<9<?:R!U;<G;!8@?!
A8>?A?E!<D!"<HC@?!`TcT
!!%;?!:FAI?D9!
<9:?AK!U8:!I<:<>A?!<D!9;?!G;@F=89FH@8=!EC@<DH!8
!98<A<DH!JF@9<FD!
:98@9<DH!89!(
%!g!__`T!!%;?!E?9?G9F@!
U8:!9C@D?E!FD!EC@<DH!9;<:!JF@9<FD!FK!9;?!:FAI?D9!?AC9<FD!EC?!9F!F9;?@!GF=JFCDE:!?AC9<DH!89!9;?!
:8=?!9<=?!<D!;<H;?@!8>CDE8DG?!<D!CD?I8JF@89?E!8
DE!;<H;!"
9F98A
!:8=JA?:T!!
+FAI?D9!
<=JC@<9<?:
!J@?I<FC:A7!?AC9<DH!U<9;!:FAI?D9!E?A87!U?@?!DFU!I<:<>A?!8K9?@!?S9?DE<DH!9;?!(
%!@8DH?T!!(=JC@<9<?:!
<D!9;?!:FAI?D9!<DGACE?E!G;AF@FKF@=!W(
%!g!bONXR!8!GF
VJ@FECG9!FK!9;?!@?8G9<FD!C:?E!9F!=8B?!0&
N0ANR!8DE!G7GAF;?S?D?!W(
%!g!bb_XT!!+FAI?D9!J?8B:!8@?!DF9!J8@9!FK!9;?!:8=JA?!8DE
R!9;?@?KF@?
R!:;FCAE!DF9!
>?!:C>[?G9?E!9F!=FE?A<DHT!!-!:<=JA?!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FD!U8:!J?@KF@=?E!C:<DH!9;?!-H<A?D9!
,0V1+!2898!-D8A7:<:!:FK9U8@?!9F!=<D<=<Y?!:FAI?D9!J?8B:R!U;?D!I<:<>A?T
!!%;<:!=?9;FE!:C>
9@8G9:!
9;?!:J?G9@C=!FK!8!:?A?G9?E!@?9?D9<FD!9<=?R!F@!9;?!8I?@8H?!=8::!:J?G9@C=!FK!8!@8DH?!FK!@?9?D9<FD!
9<=?:R!K@F=!9;?!=8::!:J?G9@8!FK!?I?@7!@?9?D9<FD!9<=?T
!!"FAAFU<DH!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDR!5510!
!_b!GF?KK<G<?D9:!>?9U??D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!8DE!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8
=:!<DG@?8:?E!KF@!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!>7!=8::R!8DE!E<E!DF9!
:<HD<K<G8D9A7!G;8DH?
!KF@!"9F98A
!g!OT`R!OT_R!8DE!OTf!>7!=8::!W%8>A?!`T`XT!!
!!"<HC@?!`TcT!,8:FA<D?!-!U<9;!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!>7!=8::!WF@8DH?X!8D8A7Y?E!FD!9;?!`O
V=!GFAC=D!U<9;!
GF@@?:JFDE<DH!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=!W>AC?XT
!!07GAF;?S?D?!8DE!G;AF@FKF@=!8@?!:FAI?D9!
<=JC@<9<?:T
!!-:!"
9F98A
!E?G@?8:?ER!9;?!K@8G9<FD!FK!9;?!9F98A!8>CDE8DG?!GFD9@<>C9?E!>7!9;?!:FAI?D9!J?8B:!
<DG@?8:?ET!!$?=FI8A!FK!9;?!:FAI?D9!J?8B:!@?:CA9
?E!<D!8D!
<DG@?8:?E!9<=?!I8@<8>A?!W'L
C89<FD:!
PTaR!PT_X!KF@!9;?!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=!9F!@?8G;!9;?!:8=?!"
9F98A
R!=?8D<DH!9;?!
@AB!E?G@?8:?E!8DE!
9;?@?KF@?!CDE?@J@?E<G9?E!9;?!8>CDE8DG?!=F@?!9;8D!>?KF@?!9;?!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDT!!"F@!"
9F98A
!OTfR!OT_R!8DE!OT`R!9;?!E<
:8EI8D98H?!FK!KC@9;?@!CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!;8E!8!:<=<A8@!?KK?G9!FD!GF@@?A89<FD
R!8:!9;?!>?D?K<9!FK!@?=FI8A!FK!8!JFF@A7!=FE?A?E!:FAI?D9!J?8B!G8C:
?E!GF@@?A89<FD!9F!>?!G;8DH?E!FDA7!
:A<H;9A7!WkOTOOP!9F!
VOTOPcXT!!%;<:!:A<H;9!G;8DH?!:CHH?:9:!9;?!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FD
!<:!DF9!
D?G?::8@7!9F!8G;<?I?!;<H;!GF@@?A89<FD!89!F@!8>FI?!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!>7!=8::T
!00.5
500
800
1100
1400
Normalized Abundance
Retention Index
0&N0AN!W+FAI?D9X
!07GAF;?S?D?
!0;AF@FKF@=
!!_f!%;?!A8@H?!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9!
<=J@FI?=?D9
!WOTPc`X!F>:?@I?E!U<9;!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!>7!=8::!<:!
EC?!9F!9;?!A8@H?
!K@8G9<FD!FK!9F98A!8>CDE8DG?!GFD9@<>C9?E!>7!9;?!:FAI?D9!J?8B:T!!$?=FI8A!FK!
:FAI?D9!
J?8B:!89!9;<:!"
9F98A
!A?8E:
!9F!KC@9;?@!CDE?@J@?E<G9<FD!FK!
@AB!8G@F::!9;?!=FE?A<DH!(
%!@8DH?
R!>C9!9;
89!D?H89<I?!?KK?G9!<:!FC9U?<H;?E!>7!9;?!>?D?K<9!FK!@?=FI<DH!9;F:?!J?8B:!9;89!U?@?!JFF@A7!=FE?A?ET!!
-:!9;?@?!8@?!K?U?@!9F98A!J?8B:R!8!E<:G@?J8DG7!9F!
9;?!?S9?D9!F>:?@I?E!>?9U??D!J@?E<G9?E!8DE!
?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U<9;!9;?!:FAI?D9!J?8B:!;8:!8!:C>:98D9<8A!<=J8G9!FD!GF@@?A89<FDT!!
!%F!?D:C@?
!9;89
!?S9?DE<DH!9;?!(
%!@8DH?!8DE!J?@KF@=<DH!>8GBH@FCDE!
:C>9@8G9<FD!;8E!9;?!
:8=?!?KK?G9!FD!
J@?E<G9<FD!8GGC@8G7!W8:!=?8:C@?E!U<9;!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:X
R!9UF!F9;?@!H8:FA<D?:!
W6!8DE!0X!U?@?!8D8A7Y?ET!!6F9;!H8:FA<D?:!U?@?!?SJ?@<=?D98AA7!?I8JF@89?ER!8DE!>F9;!?I8JF@89?E!
8DE!CD?I8JF@89?E!:8=JA?:!U?@?!8D8A7Y?E!C:<DH!9;?!F
@<H<D8A!(
%!@8DH?!W:FAI?D9!E?A87XR!?S9?DE?E!(
%!@8DH?!WDF!:FAI?D9!E?A87XR!8DE!?S9?DE?E!(
%!@8DH?!U<9;!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDT!!5@?E<G9<FD!8DE!
GF=J8@<:FD!9F!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!U
?@?
!J?@KF@=?E!FI?@!9;?!8JJ@FJ@<89?!
(%!@8DH?T!!
%;?:?!H8:FA<D?:
!KFAAFU
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U;?D!C:<DH!9;?!?S9?DE?E!(
%!@8DH?R!8:!U?AA!8:!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FD
R!KF@!"9F98A
!g!OT`!8DE!OT_!>7!
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!@?:JFD:?!9F!>F9;
!8D8A7:<:!=?9;FE
!G;8DH?:
R!;FU?I?@R
!U<9;!"
9F98A
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!W%8>A?!
`TaXT!!,8:FA<D?:!-R!6R!8DE!0!8AA
!;8E
!<DG@?8:?E!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!KF@!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!8DE!OT_!U;?D!9;?!
(%!@8DH?!U8:!?S9?DE?E!8DE!:8U!8!DFD
V:<HD<K<G8D9!G;8DH?!U;?D!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FD!U8:!
8EE?ET!!Z<9;!"
9F98A
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;8E
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?S9?D:<FD!FK!9;?!(
%!@8DH?!8DE!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FD
R!U;<A?!H8:FA<D?:!6!8DE!0!KFAAFU?E!9;?!
J899?@D!FK!"
9F98A
!g!OT`!8DE!OT_T
!!,8:FA<D?:!6!8DE!0!U?@?!E<AC9?E!U<9;!0&
N0AN!K@F=!8!E<KK?@?D9!
>F99A?!9;8D!,8:FA<D?!-T!!%;?!0&
N0AN!C:?E!9F!E<AC9?!H8:FA<D?!-!GFD98<D?E!
G7GAF;?S?D?
!8:!8D!
<=JC@<97
R!U;?@?8:!
9;?!0&
N0AN!C:?E!9F!E<AC9?!H8:FA<D?:!6!8DE!0!E<E!DF9!GFD98<D!9;<:!<=JC@<97T!!
%;?!A8GB!FK!9;<:!<=JC@<97!<D!H8:FA<D?:!6!8DE!0!A?E!9F!
<DG@?8:?E!GF@@?A89<FD!KF@!9;?!"
9F98A
!g!OTP!!_c!U;?D!9;?!(
%!@8DH?!U8:!?S9?DE?E!8DE!=<D<=8A!G;8DH?!<D!GF@@?A89<FD!Wh!OTOPX!U;?D!>8GBH@FCDE!
:C>9@8G9<FD!U8:!8JJA<?ET!!%;?!<=JF@98DG?!FK!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDR!9;?@?KF@?R!E?J?DE:!FD!9;?!
@?A89<I?!8>CDE8DG?!FK!:FAI?D9
!<=JC@<97!J?8B:T
!!-EE<9<FD8AA7R!<K!9;?!:FAI?D9!J?8B:!
8@?!
J@?:?D9!<D!
AFU
!@?A89<I?!8>CDE8DG?R!?S9?D:<FD
!FK!9;?!(
%!@8DH?!<:!8D!?KK?G9<I?!=?9;FE!FK!<DG@?8:<DH!GF@@?A89<FD!
KF@!8AA!"
9F98A
!A?I?A:T
!%8>A?!`TaT!1?8D!5510!GF?KK<G<?D9:!G8AGCA89?E!>?9U??D!?SJ?@<=?D98A!
H8:FA<D?!6!8DE!0!
G;@F=89FH@8=:!WDg`X!8DE!GF@@?:JFDE<DH!J@?E<G9?E!G;@F=89FH@8=:!>?KF@?!8DE!8K9?@!(
%!@8DH?!
?S9?D:<FD!8DE!8K9?@!:C>:?LC?D9!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDT
!%B-(2()#"%7#-#9*8*-$
%=\%M%RNN%]%PQ56%@'%H#0A2-'1).%
E1,8-#08(')
%4C8*).*.%=
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%=\%M%6NN%]%PQ56%@'%H#0A2-'1).%
E1,8-#08(')
%4C8*).*.%=
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%=\%M%6NN+PQ56%H#0A2-'1).%
E1,8-#08(')
%&#$%H
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+P+NOQ%OTfP`!±!OTOOa!OTcNa!±!OTOOa!OTcNb!±!OTOOa!&#$%H
+P+NO6%OTff!±!OTON!OTcb!±!OTON!OTcf!±!OTON!&#$%
!+P+NOP%OTfNb!±!OTOON!OTc``!±!OTOOa!OTcaN!±!OTOON!&#$%!
+P+NOQ%OTbbc_!±!OTOOO`!OTc`bN!±!OTOOOa!OTc`Q!±!OTOOP!&#$%!
+P+NO6%OTcPf!±!OTOO`!OTQN_!±!OTOOa!OTQ`a!±!OTOO_!!-K9?@!(
%!@8DH?!?S9?D:<FD!8DE!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDR!9;?!?SJ?@<=?D98A!G;@F=89FH@8=:!
U?@?!=F@?!8GGC@89?!@?J@?:?D989<FD:!FK!9;?!8G9C8A!GF=JF:<9<FD!FK!9;?!H8:FA<D?!9;8D!9;F:?!GFAA?G9?E!
C:<DH!9;?!F@<H<D8A!,0
V1+!J8@8=?9?@:!8DE!U<9;FC9!>8GBH@FCDE!:C>9@8G9<FDT!!(D!9C@DR!
9;?!=F@?!
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