DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SERIES

t i t l e The Effect Of Ulir^vicUt A n J

Ih fra-T fecL

To The Thin Kim; And In f rafted__
/H s a rp tio h

Nelsoh

AUTHOR

Of fe i 4 m O i b

Giti3T

UNIVERSITY- Michi<f&h Z / a / f
DEGREE

DATE

m z

CoDpye

m

PUBLICATION NO
I'M1 'I

M
S ”

U N tV E R S t r y M IC R O T IL M S
ANN

ARBOR

-

MICHIGAN

m

THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRA-RED RADIATION
TO THE THIN FILMS AND INFRA-RED ABSORPTION
O F CERTAIN OILS

by

NELSON GING

A THESIS
Submitted to the Graduate School of Michigan
State College of Agriculture and Applied
Science in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Department of Chemistry
1942

A ckn owle d g m e n t
The writer wishes

to express his most honest ap­

prec i a t i o n and gr ati tude to Dr.

D.

T. Ewing,

Prof ess or

of P h y sical Che mis try at M i c h i g a n State College,
his

constant

ass istance and suggest!one in the conduct

of these experiments,
rections

for

in the

and for his criticisms and cor­

prepa rat ion of this manuscript.

Thanks also to Professor R a y Hutson,
En tomology Dep ar tmen t

of the same

Head of the

institution,

for

the use of seme exper ime nta l materi als an d for the
kindly

interest

•ji A3

C t l

W 4. *

in this experiment

shown hy his fir.an-

-1-

In t r o duction
For the pas t few ye-irs, n u m e r o u s i n v e s t igation s
have been made w i t h d i f f e r e n t
animal oils used
secticides.
ally,

mineral, ve getable,

and

as stickers of spraying m a t er ial in i n ­

N o n e of them has pr ove d satisfactory,

b ecause

certain plants

are i n j u r e d .

gener­

So far, no

ex-

P1 ana 11on h a s b e en f o u n d .
The w r i t e r ass um es that

the injury is due

chiefly

to some of

the physLea 1 1 ro a erties of tne oils.

determ ine d

the surface tension,

spreading

coef fic ien t,

rays on the oils
regarding

and

int erfacial

tension,

the effect o f ul t r a v i o l e t

ana found v e r y inte rest ing

the formation of

n© has

phe nome na

the oil film.

The w r i t e r v,ill seek to find out w h a t pro perties
of the oils
has found

are r e s p o nsible for

the area, of w h o s e

To

the fi rst

he

those oils

the surface of water:

some of the oils have

out very tain

group belong

films is gradu a l l y inc r e a s e d by a p p l y ­

the ultraviolet light to

example,

So far,

the c naracto r i s t i c of oil films can be divi ded

into three fro m s .

ing

tost injury.

::nd are less

the tendency

compressible,

for

to spread

o t h e r s a r e very

compressible.
C o m p r e s s i h i 1 ity and

elastic ity

ra rt in sp r :.y in g nr. t er ial.

play •u im portant

Tne V'.r i t er vs•;n t s to conb uct

further i n v e s t i g a t i o n into these

ch- r: c U ris t i c s .

o

The a r e a a n d p r e s s u r e m e a s u r e m e n t s of d i f f e r e n t
k ind s of oil film s are l i m i t e d only to those
are

i nsoluble

ture.

These

liquid

or

found

in water

and

at r o o m t e m p e r a ­

oil films u s u a l l y f o r m a tw o— diraencional

solid, and,

in very rare oases,

int w o - d i m e n s i o n a l

that som e

non-volatile

oils w h i c h

oils

ideal (rases.

they have

been

It has been f o u n d

spread over the s u r f a c e of water wh ile

others do not.

The e x p l a n a t i o n

is illust rat ed

by a fo r­

m u l a which is c a l l e d s p r e a d i n g coeff icient
F 3 = V A ““ V3 -

v"ab

Fcj = s p r e a d i n g

coeff icient

VA =

surf ace te n s i o n of l i q u i d A

Vr s

surfa ce t ension of

liquid B

ij

V a b - inter facial
There ar e m a n y

oils

the surfa ce of water,

and fats which,

will

ly thin film at the order
ness.

a ll

gen eral
g rou p

which

char a c t e r i s t i c c , that

in the mole cu le .

is,

The mos t

al oil or sa turated

type.

hydrocarbon

it floa t s on the wa t-x

lens cal led

when d r o p p e d on

s p r e a d on water,

a hydroboiic

In view of the g r eat

have

c o n t a i n i n g a ce rta in
common, ty oe of all

is the OH g r o u p of the C O O H group.

that a h y d r o - p h i l i c

of tvder,

two liquids

spr ead out to form an e x t r e m e —
-7
of m a g n i t u d e 10“ > cm. in thick ­

su ch su bsta n ces,

these grou p s
call

t ension of these

They

Wh en a dr op of pure m i n e r ­
is d r o p p e d on the s urface
surf ace as a circu la r

type.
importance of t he spr e a d ! n g

-3coefficient

of the oil film applied to the chemical

and biological

system,

a fe w attempts have been made

to examine the effect of the ultravio let

light and

infra-red radia t i o n up on the thin film on the water su r­
face.

There ie not any

time,

which

greater

investigate o n , up to the present

has been made upon the biological oils,

part of

the

wh ich ere u s e d for spraying material.

For this reason,

an inv est iga tion was undertaken to de­

termine

exists any effect

if there

of ultraviolet

and

infra-red. ra dia t ion upon the thin film on the surface
of water.

The c h a r ac teristics of the

f 11 a without any

radiation m eans also have been measured.
Pro ced ure
Before

we put the oil soluti on on the surface of

water with- the barrier at t ha e n d
trough,

any trace of oil

of

rectangular

the

on the surface of the water

is

removed by the u s e of p a r a f f i n e d movable sweeper several

times.

The right

tfmo in order

t

end of the trough may be swept at ar.y
f,ind out

if it has beer, contam ina ted by

oil leaking through from the left side of the trough.
?h*» most

desirable

way to avoid the ime] eanness from con­

taminated distilled w at er

is + o sweep it a few t ime s be—

7/ut er surf ace.
f ore 4-v ,2 -rilm bala nc e i s placed on the ■
gr e ii.a ted circular
+■V.0
r end r
tacv

■ A

f

r\j

a.
i.LjO $

'A

marked frc m I-' to

ic u s id.J -f1-

re sour j of i i

oil film.

Ti e t or s 1 on w ire

t Vir i i sc

i

"
,~ t ^

r and with O.i^ of

u lo. iL va'- .

3.

•iebi;re e •

f 1 tted

t-

Th e

£ <lXt1

-i.

vernier a nd X S

-4The d e s c r i p t i o n of the

optical

a b s orption may be c o n v e n i e n t l y

, the entran ce

of the Si
light
salt

descr i b e d as follows:

a narrow alit

light fro m a g l o b a r at L,
L on

sys tem for i n f r a - r e d

shows an image of

slit of the spectrometer.

is p r o j e c t e d

upon

and is dispersed.

from the plan** mirror

An

the conca ve m i r r o r M , ,

is r e f l e c t e d by the mir r o r and travels
prism

Then the light

to the

concave

are g e l d — p l a t e d or glass.
tenths

to the

is 12

.

The c e l l is made

crystal which
per and

oc-‘.l°.
has
c

o m

b

r e a c h ed,
•

o

?h e

surern ■?nt •
tur

ally

r ead ino - .v

l

r.

J Vu

-r

■o 1 1

a

f -uie>

3f

t

the zero

m o v a b l

the e q u i l i b r i u m temperature

poin aU. o f t h e gal

e dr m m

i8

v & n o m e t .

i n

t !'j O

- 1 V
O --

n Sd<

path

o f

C~ P

t at

.^3

IVi t:hi the

i

, dfT 1 v v«r1'^i
la

n

1. a .

O

L e_

T Y*

fi

then g r a d u ­
one
cell

starts
filled

, the shutter must

bv a wo Of1OTO ^
^-Tw'-.,-.XV7^ or c a r d b o a r d 1 cm.

/
—>p f ^
a

the

er b.e—

i s r e a Iy to start the nea-

desire d wavele n£- u z .

+-. V*, p

sand ca­

from the 1 amp and

d to ward th e 1 o n a e r W av el eng th and

.• 4Cv s.

’ o u

;

h

p

after

The ap ia m tu Q

ta n t

salt

is set on a separ ate table at a

Abou t 30 'dm.t es

e r* CO ^

rock

crvstals ie selected.

'f apor o f rat el y p meters

e en

in

of the instrument

from a selected

t h i c k n e s s of

The g a l v a n o m e t e r
distance

The 1^. , M 0 ,

is p o l i s h e d from coarse to finest

the prcoer

is con-

Th^ drum ie calibr ated

of a m i l l i m e t e r and the limit

?he

is r e f l e c t e d

, from li

to c verv s e n s i t i v e galvanometer.

image

th r o u g h a

Sr, b e h i n d the S_ a t h e r m o p i l e T is situated which
nee ted

The

i>V.v-utter
Ca

o v; re’^'Ve d .

is

s sh own

b

t he

Tv e d e f e c t i o n

;;cal e is r e c o r d e d .

Th

-5an empty rock
as the first

salt plate,
is placed

or cell of the same thi c k n e s s

in the p a t h of the light,

d e flection of the galvan o m e t e r

is simi lar ly recorded..

know that the d e f lection of the galvano mete r
pr opo rtional
pile.

to the amount

of light

Ve

is directly

fal ling on the t h e r m o ­

The d e f l e c t i o n of th e oil fil led cel]

tion of the empty cell

a n d the

to the de f lec­

gives t h e . p e r c e n t a g e tr ans mis sio n of

the given su bsta nce for the

par ticular wav elength w h i c h is

indicated by the drum setting.
The results

are tabulated

the first co lumn urd°? A tings

in microns.

in the

following tables.

are indicated

In

the wavele ngth set­

The second and third columns re present

the g a l v a n o m e t e r de flect ion

in millimeter,

the trancm * s o i o n of the rocK

salt plates I

c o r r e so onding to
and

filled cell

I respectively. . In the. fourth column under $T., the ratios

of the de fle ctions

indicated

in the second and the third

columns are g i v e n and represent

the per centage transmission.

The graphical r e p r e s e n t a t i o n has been employed, as show"
■*n the f o l l o w i n g figures.

The wave len gths in m i c r o n are

plo tted ac absc i s s a e against
ordinates.
regions
rent,

The m i n i m a of s u c h curves,

of absorption.

used

the percent age t r a nsmission as

in each case

therefore,

The th ickness of the cell,

re present
the cur­

is in dica ted on the corre s p o n d i n g

g
"
.O
'•
UL
X'T
VT.
■O
*f
t

A slow cha.net
usually

obs-reed.

in the zero point
The ch angin g

of th^ ga lva nom ete r

tPKCs place so slowly

c os ix.s ign i f -*.0an -1y so.aj— »

is

that

o >.a..i \ o o;1 t-

-6all r e a d i n g for a def inite w a v e l e n g t h io made w i t h i n a
p e r i o d of 30 seconds.

Table I
Corn oil
Thickness .1 m m

Current 5.4 A M g

1.0

lo
54

I
54

°hT
100

5.4

I0
176

I
145

80

1.05

58

61

10 6

5.6

146

106

68

1.1

85

85

100

5.8

18 2

78

57

1.15

118

11$ ;

6.0. 0

98

68

1.2

167

197

115

6.1

82

74

99

1.25

222

261

118

6.5

77

70

90

1.5

290

550

114

4.4

132

90

67

1.4

45 8

505

117

6.5

126

90

69

1.55

612

710

117

6.6

123

86

67 .5

1.6

844

404

120

6.7

120

78

62

1.7

455

493

116

6.8

113

66

54.5

1.8

582

500

116.5

6.9

110

56

46

1.9

605

685

115

4.0

105

49

41

2.0

704

793

118.5

7.2

102

54

26

2 .1

260

450

i n .5

7 ,4

95

30

23.5

2 .2

780

895

115

9 .6

91

28

22

2.4

850

965

114

2.9

■183

24

19

2.6

895

950

103

9.0

90

21

15. 5

2.8

890

790

885

8.8

75

15

8

5.0

92 5

350

755

•.4

63

15

5

5 .2

7 00

562

75

9.6

79

6

5.4

7 04

505

70.5

9,8

75

14
f0
1
4

5.6

695

4 3**

64. 5

9.0

75

85

9.5

5 .4

546

57 5

67.5

9.2

65

30

22

4 .0

455

5 98

85

9.4

65

52

27

4.2

5 97

877

99

9.6

70

53

80

4.4

5 52

541

108

10.0

5

40

59

4.6

890

897

1 0 8 .5

1 0 .8

6 17

42

45

4 .'
-3

889

r\

98

10.4

30

44

45

959

o

96 .5

10.5

55

53

60

5 .0

1 54

17

jcT

66

5>5

Table II

Soyce-n Oil
Current 5*6 ^Arnp

Thickness .1mm

1.0

Io
266

I
288

jcT
114

5.2

34^

I
376

jcT
112.5

1.05

5 54

378

110

5.4

3 32

342

104

1.1

506

552

106

5.6

410

402

97.5

1.15

746

820

112

5.8

3 38

300

85

1.2

4 5.4

510

119

6.0

310

2 38

67

1.35

590

688

11 9

6.2

a

68

376

76

1.3

169

188

115

6.4'

582

310

74.5

1.^

250

282

117

6.6

539

260

69

1.5.

540

385

115

6.8

318

234

63

1.6

430

484

115

7.0

296

200

53.5

1.7

526

615

120

7.2

290

168

36

1.8

6 30

7 55

122

7.4

2 92

144

24

1.0

616

760

126

7.6

158

30

8.0

7 26

9 36

132

7.8

155

27

17.5

8 .8

7 80

94 8

124

8.0

28 3

35

16

8.4

650

7^0

181

8.2

860

80

10

8.6

67 0

800

134

8.4

2 4 9,

84

8

5.8

6 6R

7 95

188

8.6

282

68

5

5.0

656

736

114

8.8

205

70

7

5.8

610

560

111

9.0

185

65

11

3.4

540

550

84

17 5

78

16

-3.6

546

47 0

84

9.4

165

78

16

5.8

545

410

71.5

9.6

150

88

88

*. 0

47 5

566

72

a a

17 0

loo

30

4.8

4 ry5

45 2

98

10.0

17 4

116

58

4.4

400

448

115

10.8

180

13.3

41

4 .6

54 8

4 05

119

10.4

17 8

155

46

4 .8

512

358

119

10.5

16 5

138

50

5.0

310

358

112

9.2

20

Table III
Oleic
Thickness

c*.c 1cl

.05mm

Current

5. 45 A rap

.90

88

I
71

118

6.8

lo
191

I
119

1 .00

102

116

1 16

5.9

166

115

1 .05

126

150

128

6.0

165

115

42 .5

1.1

179

212

122

6.2

150

184

65

1.15

2 5n

517

122

6 .5

140

115

64.5

1.9

"56

458

126

6.4

150

115

61 .5

1.25

4 95

52 5

129

5 .5

128

110

59

1 .5

525

580

120

6 .6

178

185

51.5

1.4

446

520

119

6.7

17 5

185

1 .5

■"595

■•7ir<
?
A

*
rz
.1Loi.•
’

•7
-

’*O

1
r~>A
A. •

1T
j.■Q

45

6.9

165

107

59

517

j

>T
5 7

-

e.

40

5 51.

1.6

270

1.7

54 5

587

111

7.0

159

195

52

1.8

45 2

470

112

7.2

262

1 85

22

1.9

520

470

109

7.4

254

180

21.5

2 .0

• 544

650

110

r , . o

846

176

18.5

2.1

6 50

7 20

104

7.9

841

17 5

16

2.2
O • •A

7 55

107 .5

169

11

95.5

8.0
r-j ^

2 54

540

790
r>G c;

216

158

12

2 •6

970

8 55

72

8 .5

215

158

12 .5

2 .8

94 5

7 00

5 4.5

8.4

805

1 -2

1 1.7

5. O
7?• (,Oj
*

9 50

550

59.5

8.61.

192

150

19.5

900

590

29

8.9

186

1 50

21.7

5.4

765

500

25

9.0

174

144

51.8

5.6

820

242

9.2

188

157

45

5.9

740

2 78

25

9.4

154

157

50

4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4 .4
5.0

455
525
- 50
595
5 55
526
500
544

240
290
5 07
515
501
290
2 58
:
•25
17 g

46
32.5
75
91
85
81

9. 3
9.9
10.0
10.2
10.4
10.6
r-t
10.8
( 'o
.5 11.0
46
11.8

15 8
150
177
187
18 5
180
11 5
1 10
108

155
1 84
180
109
107
108
94
95
99

•’6 .6
4 6.6
57
5 5.5
50 .5
10
17.5
25
4 4 .5

•
*
'* 4
4

5.4
C
O
' •

r'■
?o
< • ( .

114

5 .5

Table IV
Corn oil
Thi ckness

Io

.3 m m

Current 5.5 Amp

I

Io

I

ftT

1 .?

148

142

98.5

5.8

571

252

40.5

1 .4

217

215

98

5.9

522

254

45

1.5

512

295

95

4 .0

47 6

246

52

1.6

408

592

96

4.1

440

858

59

1 .7

58.1

4 86

95. 5

4.2

400

280

65

1.8

621

555

99

4.5

570

260

70

1.9

710

585

82

4.4

7,7 7

845

7 5.5

5? .0

770

617

80

4.5

508

229

74

8 .1

840

556

79

4.5

295

219

94

2 .8

687

569

76. 5

4.9

891

805

72.5

(
. «*

922

7 02

76

4.8

268

195

72.5

2.4

1010

705

70

4.9

8 r>2

182

78.5

2.5

1020

658

68

5.0

8 56

165

68.

2 .6

1050

618

60

5 .5.1

215

144

65

2 .7

1050

55 5

54

5.2

205

1 89

65

2 .8

992

494

50

5. 5

185

107

59

8 .9

97 5

462

47 . 5

5. 4

15 4

86

52

6.0

922

5 l r"

45

5.5

142

67

46

5.1

978

5 90

45

5.6

150

50

59

5.2

845

560

42. 5

5 .17

180

40

55

**•*
^j
•

910

542

42

5.8

109

50

28

5 .4

778

724

41.5

5.9

97

28

29

5.5

729

500

41

6.0

675

27 5

40 . 5

628

8-5

59

5 .7

T<a.fcle V
God
Thickness

liver

oil

3000u/g

.1 m m

Current

5.4

Amp

1. 5

Jo
140

I
106

Io/I
76

5.7

Io
615

I
18 4

50

1.4

21 5

165

7 6.5

5.R

572

180

51.5

1 .5

501

225

75

5.9

52 5

185

55

1. 5

797

995

75

4.0

477

201

42

1.7

502

5 5 .6

70

2.1

477

200

46

1 .8

610

59 5

04 .5

4.2

-05

20 0

56 . 5

1 .9

710

428

00

I, ••
”

568

907

58.5

2L•t>

^7 0

4 55

59

4.4

5 50

19 ■>

57 .5

r . 1.

°] 6

,•
<O O

59

/, • •

520

IO57.

5 1, 5

*
*'>•*c
■"

095

4 95

56

4. *>

295

17 5

I

••

Q^

••85

51 .5

4

.7

2 60

16 5

58.5

«,4

1020

47 8

41
1*~
/l

4.°

27 4

1 55

68

o c;

10 70

4 55

4 4.

A••G
••

59

148

5—

^'* J

1110

4 :-1

42

5.0

r'

1 99

50

'\ 7

1005

596

59

5 .1

221

111

48

700

•" '
).5

5 .9

197

9*

'7 <
—

<
7
;
*7
’•*

1 •'0

90

42

1•

1 65

89

55
"0

>~7

X .'1

.
•
“>»
~
r->

- .5

•' 0

7

2.0

290

"01

54

3.1

94 2

97 7

”2

c;
■•r
•,

150

55

•'

94 0

0 58

"1

•

155

40

•*

91 .5

2

70

5.7

121

27

1
'<
O1
t
"
.

5 .6

l'-'O

' *»

12 5

•

10/:

■7

9-9

98

fr
7

78

95

’
’

c:7

2 50

2 ';

•'

7 12

5 15

2 r1

»
' •'1

590

2 0 'i

5 1 .5

5 .4

• 1
«
*.
j m *.'

k
-•(j

i

To. D i e

Vit.

VII
1.300.000u/g

Tnickne33 .1 m m

Io

Current 5 . 4 Arfcp

I

Io

I

fcT

rc

i— i

15.1

129

99

3.9

509

113

22. 5

1.4

200

195

99

3.9

47 3

127

27

1.5

293

271

9 6 .5

4 .0

4 37

14 4

53

1.6

36 6

v-4 5

94 .5

4 .1

3 94

14 9

39 . R

1.7

4 50

4 14

4.2

364

156

45

1.9

54 3

4 69

3 "'3

161

49 . 5

1.9

621

509

92

4 .4

316

165

52

2,0

697

540

7 7 .5

4 .5

297

157

55

2 .1

v^o

540

7 3 .5

4.6

272

160

59

2.2

779

59

4.7

264

153

59

9.3

995

4 90

59

4.9

250

14Q

5 9.5

2. 4

915

44 2

54.R

*a
^

24 0

156

57

4 6.5

5.0

222

127

57 . 5

552

r3 q *7,

92
96 .5

•»

9.5

9? 5

2.6

RRR

.
’**7 r‘
5

39 .0

5.1

207

107

51.9

2.7

9^1

992

3 -75

5.2

1«5

94

51

9.9

9^4

9-' 5

29. 5

5.5

17 5

79

2.9

912

207

2 5 .5

5.4

152

60

5.0

7 5 -3

164

2 2 .0

5.5

14 2

51

36

3.1

7 25

15 5

1 9. R

5.6

130

40

51

r7.

' • <■

710

ira

1 5 .9

5.7

1 16

#0

m.

or
•«

■i95

92:

12

5.9

107

1Q

17

•

677

76

11.5

* ,9

io n

11

11

.5

65 2

75

12

6.0

97

3

3 .5

3.6

591

94

97

7

5 .5

54 5

96

1 4 .5
17 .5

6.31

5 .7

r7_

3

O

45
3 9 .5

27

Table VIII A
High Vit.
Thickness

oil

No. 47761

.2 m m

I

ftT

151
224

97 . 5
97 . 5

4.1
4.2

316

100

Io

Current

5.4

Amp

I

jcT

4 26
595

264
260

62
66

4 .3

378

258

67

Io

1. 7
1.4

1 c'5
230

1.5

315

1 .n

424

415

97 .5

4.4

,?36

7 48

72

1 .7

53 5

■-90

97

/i• '
i=;'

"03

823

73.5

1 .8

088

557

99

M •6

8 8 r7

711

74

i.r

696

600

86

4 .7

27 6

800

78.5

* .8

250

190

73 . 5

’

2.0

7 BO

636

o

2.1

856

660

77.5

4.9

751

17 8

71

<-■#r_
O
T
'-•*

990

670

7 5 .5

5.0

25 5

162

69

910

642

71

5.1

210

15 8

06

2.4

910

632

69.5

191

118

62

7 .5

955

64

3 •*
■*

17 9

98

7 .6

965

610
F7 5

r;o

5.4

160

80

2 .7

94 r

517

55

14 2

61

7 .8

9 40

46 6

50

1 51

48

77

2 .9

902

4 30

49

5.7

119

35

89

3.0

86 B

5 97

45

5. 8

105

50

28

3.1

885

365

41

5 .9

10f

S ’7

•'.2

834

3 36

40

6 .0

90

9

•'

816

31 8

39

6 .1

95

30

5. 4

77 «

3 06

59.5

6 .7

75

53

7 55

294

39

.6 •V
'«

73

3 .6

655

O
1-.

'p

J \-S

40

3.7

)(.)5

2 4o

40

3. 4

560

75 0

41

^ •a

517

2^4

45

4.0

4 10

7 45

53

1« ..»

55
50
43

89
2Q

)
44
4

Table V I I I B
H i g h Vit.
.2mm
Thicknee p
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2

Salt
135
200
284
370
466
556
648
724
768
845
865
878
902
89 5
898
865
865
815
778
756
728
713
675
628
588
538
494
441
410
387

S oil
132
198
270
363
425
488
545
575
595
628
635
616
595
552
504
455
407
370
357
332
298
283
268
250
236
221
220
237
253
259

D oil

foT
96
98.5
96
99
92
88
84 ,
80
77
75
73.5
70
66
62
56
53
47
45
45.5
44
41
40
39 .6
39 .7
40
41
44.5
54
62
67

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2

A
Salt
358
322
300
284
275
268
248
235
217
201
181
163
153
132
lie
107
98
95
86
77

5.4 A m p .
S oil
247
234
220
208
200
195
177
162
141
120
98
81
65
50
35
30
24
26
32
30

%T
69
73
73.5
73.5
72.5
72.5
72.5
69
65
60
55
50
42.5
38
30
28
24.5
27.5
37
43

Tabl a IX
Oleic -cid
Thickness .2mm

I

Current 5. 5 Amp

%T

I

J/cT

60

12.5

1. 3

16 5

165

101

4.0

*0
47 8

1.4

255

252

99

4.1

4 50

70

15.5

1.5

559

545

96

42

403

84

20.5

1 .5

443

42.3

95.5

4.3

371

95

26

1.7

563

515

90

4.8

3 -'8

104

31

1.8

696

531

34

4.5

322

113

1.9

799

620

73

4.6

298

116

39

2.0

390

533

4.7

285

114

40

2.1

979

608

63

4.3

274

112

41

2.2

97 5

578

59

4.9

255

100

39.5

2.5

1050

5 52

54

5.0

240

37

36

2 .4

1050

502

43

5.1

: 13

79

36

2.5

1050

4 32

41

5.2

701

65

33

2.6

1060

370

35

5.3

182

52

28.5

2 .7

1050

523

31

5.8

165

36

22

2.3

1045

27 5

26

5.5

145

26

18

2.9

957

227

24

5.6

133

17

13

5.0

902

168

19

5.7

113

12

10.5

5.1

360

12 5

15

5.8

110

10

9

5 .2

322

35

10

5.9

100

11

11

3.8

305

60

75

6.0

91

11

10

5.4

7 56

3,1

5

6.1

33

12

14.5

5 .5

720

29

4

6.2

30

16

20

3.5

634

25

3.5

5.3

74

17

>8

5.7

613

50

5

6.4-

70

20

29

3,1

565

56

6 .5

S .5

65

16

85

3. 9

513

50

9.5

72

35

Table X

Olive oil
With ultraviolet
A
420

T
0

420

L
50
ti

420

50

7

4 62

77

495i

55

540
600

/i

Chin&. wood oil
A
S. r.
L
700
42
50
306

China wood oil
With 1 ml HC1
A
L
S R
7 00

50

39

49

46

630

A5

39

672

4R

50

56 0

40

42

15

6 56

47

54. 5

504

36

44

17

644

46

50. 5

440

32

47

50. 5 23

6.70

45

62. !->

406

29

56

45

616

44

37 0

27

71

600

45

70.5

564

26

76

60R

A

>
7^ *V
c
;
I
>

5 50

O«
C,
J

an

574

41

75

336

24

03

30

O

_L *• <

A
650

L
45

Sr

Dyne

46 .5

17 0

56 0

40

75

300

22

06

550

50

49

100

54 6

59

75

352

10

90

454

5:1

51

195

552

50

75

196

14

09

550

25

53

203

490

55

77

102

13

09

294

21

54

200

4 62

55

77 . 5

04

6

100

252

10

56

215

420

50

77 . 5

224

16

57 .5

22 0

59 2

70

196

14

59

226

5 50

70

160

12

60.5

2 54

.5O R

00

140

10

62

2 '0

112

0

65

2 50

04

6

37

257

70

5

69

265

56

4

71.5

274

rzt

74.5

206

o
Cj

rj ^

42
20

295

Table XI
Cod liver oil
T
A
L
700
700
746

Halitu3 fish oil with ultraviolet
S . r.
Dyne
T
L

A

50
0
50
4
e,pc7. 15

504
546

56
59

0
4

165
184

43
48

0
6

600

45

12

207

54

14

656

47

17

230

60

25

797

57

21

242

63

31

255

66

41

Coa liver oil

without ult raviolet
S. r.
. a/14cm D
S. r ,
215
175
45.5 0
56

A
700

L
50

O • r/ Dyne A
672
47
180

656

47

48

184

644

46

58

222

171

445

588

42

49

188

600

45

60

2 50

I'VP,

46 .5 8

504

56

51

195

56©

40

62. 5240

186

49

13

448

52

55

201

518

57

65

250

196

51

19

578

27

55

209

•476

54

67

257

202

52 . 24

522

25

58

222

454

51

70

268

210

55

32

280

20

59

226

592

28

74

284

219

57

43

258

17

62

258

564

26

76

292

210

15

64

24 5

522

25

80

5 08

182

15

63

255

280

20

85

518

154

11

69

264

252

18

87

554

126

9

75

280

22 4

16

90

546

98

7

78

500

196

14

94

560

84

6

80

504

168

12

97

70

5

84

522

140

10 102

572
79o

56

4

88

557

112

8 106

407

42

5

94

560

84

6 115

4 34

28

2 102

592

56

4 120

460

L
48

2

Tccbie XII
Vit. A 45960
,vitii ixifr^-reci

T

L

Distill -1 do. Vit. A
56451

Linseed oil
.vithout infr»-rea

A

T

L

A

T

L

A

0

50

700

0

50

700

0

50

700

3

45.5 S37

3

46

644 :r

3

43

600

6

43

58b

5

45. 5 608

16

46

644

15

37

518

10

44

608

24

42

686

31

34. 3 4b3

15

45

630

3o

49

686

36

&&

446

IB

4 6.3 679

i^/ 415

djw

50.5 707

37

5 3/5..350

33

•

Vvith infr--red

iitiiout infra.-red

A

T

L

A

50

a oo

•
'1
'J

oQ

700

1

4-:±

616

66

504

4

4o « O 5

8

33

462

c

41

574

Id

35

4a0

10

4 2.5

020

24

37

old

13

44

616

3o

39

d 46

17

48.5 67 2

23

51.5 7 3 0

37

55

T

T
Li

50

323

0

O l.o

43

235

o52

oo

L

700

O £j

0
o

L

A

03

^

5 50

26

'.02722

394

21

304

352

16

32 o

195

14

3 ob

154

11

i»2'
w vJ
O"N

i.06

?

365
o
0

5b

V

c*

770

1

Table XIII

Chioken liver oil
A
700

£. r
20

48

672

46

.

Cone Vit.
L

A.
S. r

D

I
76.

50

A
700

25

96

47

658

12

48

644

51

119

44

616

17

65.3

45

650

56

158

43

602

20

76.5

44

616

40

154

40

560

26

100

45

602

45

17 5

59

546

28.5

107

42
57

538
517

43
56

184
215

58
55

552
490

51
119
58 . 5 1 4 8

52

448

62

258

55

462

45

17 5

26

564

63

261

28

592

62

2 '78

22

508

78

C
O
tv

22

L
50

26

564

67

257

20

280

85

526

24

5 56

75

280

18

252

92

564

21

294

80

507

15

210

125

472

14

196

95

564

12.5

175

147

565

11

154

111

426

5

T a ble XI

C o r n oil
Without ultruviblat

V it.

K

. ooSb^c

T
0

£. r .
35

E
490

A
700

L
50

S. r.
35.8

D

T

L

138

0

50

700

2

466
»»

686

49

40.5

154

2

46.8

655

6

33. 5
»

672

48

45.5

175

4

46.5

652

9

33.8

472

658

47

49.5

190

6

46.5

652

12

34.5

484

644

46

52

200

8

15

35.5

496

630

45

53.5

206

10

46.7
If

654
it

IB

36 . 3

508

616

44

55

211

13

47

659

24

58.1

532

600

43

56.1

215

15

31

40.2

562

574

41

59

227

18

47.1

U

A

P
660
u

3,3

41.8

584

546

39

61

234

21

it

.38

43.5

610

518

37

53.5

244

24

47.2

40

45.2

633

490

35

65

250

27

664
it

44

46.2

545

462

33

68

261

30

tt

47

47 .4

662

4 34

31

70.5

271

51

48.6

680

406

29

*77

280

5353

49. 5

692

"78

27

76

292

54

50.8

700

350

25

79

304

57

51. 3

716

322

23

82.6

317

294

81

Oio
8? * .
'T
0

266

19

90

"46

838

17

94

3 61

viit h u l t r a v i o l e t

Oi t n

£. r .

D

T1
0

810

15

98. 5

378

35

490

182

13

103

395

l

31.3

4 38
••

154

11

108

4 14

126

9

116

444

5

!9 8

8

183 .5

47 5

84

8

12 6 . 5

70

5

1 3 1 .5

4
6

32.2

8

it

450
it

35 . 3
37 .8
39.8
4 3 .6
47 .6
50
52
54

49 4
528
558
810
66 5
700
728
1750

12
15
18
25
31
33
35
38

ult r^.Viols:
L
50

A
700

49.2

690
rt

9

50

700

485

1?

51

715

508

15
18
21
25
50

51.5
58 . 1
5 2 .5
52.9
5 3. 5

728
730
7 35
740
7 50

T
0

Tad©
Pu.itija.tic a c i d
2i.

XV

O leic a c i a

L

T

A

504 #6

0

434 31

Linseea oil

L

S/r.

700

5o

107

1

660

392 2b

3

364 23

D

a

412

700

42

161

40

106.5 410

546

43

165

<*20

30

106

415

476

44

162

6

224

21

102

412

406

46

177

319 23

13

2i0

16

110

422

322

47

161

304 2*

18

23

7

111

426

266

4a

185

39? 21

19

2b

3

113

434

182

50

192

Xto 6 31

30

154

11

196

393 21

21

136

63

3 ob 30. 6 2 2

Palm&t i c i-oia
.Vi t n UJLtraviolfet
96
365
50
700

9d

05

377 13.6 34

600

43

28. 6 37 d

70

5^3

& & *?

363 lb. 8 38

504

36

104.5 400

56

61

235

349 17.8 31

435

31

104.5 400

42

65

350

52<s

2b

.107

•±1 3

38

73

375

364

26

113

434

3**

x3

lid

-1o3

121

46-*

700

46

177

560

40

17 7

D

o
o

306

S .r .

St iaric aci d
vi th ultrav iol et

39

*1

O
o
.-4

500

380

20

142

646

462

4?

366

12

108

414

378

49

263

18

113

460

x>38

17

112

4d0

3-^4

16

1 21

t o 1*

*10

lo

lib

44 3

.5

18*
188

Table

L^ra oil

XVI

Cream with ultraviolet

Coconut oil

T
0

S. r.
41

E
161

T
0

L
62

A
228

T
0

L
59

A
226

9

44

16 9

3

62

224

6

63

242

177

7

62

2.28

16

66

253

27

67

257

46

15
21

49

189

17

62

238

30

51

196

22

62

238

20

6?

24?

Lard oil

Coconut oil

Cream
D

63

r.
24 7

A
700

L
50

£. r
67

38

65

848

656

47

71

272

7 76

24

67

255

600

47

75

288

230

284

16

69

265

518

37

79

303

63

242

158

12

71

27 3

449

32

93

318

38

66

25 2

123

9

73

280

392

28

88

378

472

34

71

27 2

98

7

75

288

754

26

92

354

420

30

76

890

70

5

91

710

326

24

100

394

264

26

79

703

56

4

89

7 48

722

23

111

208

22

83

718

42

'Z
*. •

109

419

708

22

129

25 6

19

85

726

28

O

1 75

580

224
168

16

89

7 79

12

92

7 94

14 0

10

94

760

90

7

97

778

5

102

7 98

118

4 70

T
U

E

O
V*
•w,- •

A
700

L,
50

£. r .
51

196

700

50

672

48

54

207

532

644

46

57

219

516

44

60

57 4

41

532

70
40

C.,

.

257

426
496

Taola XVII
Alfalfa oil
ith 2o ml NAOH

Soybean oil
With 20 ml NAOH

D
S .r .
57
142

L
50

A
700

59

149

48

616

59

148

4 5?

589

40

5 '6

55?

56

7

L
50

A
700

46

6 44

.14

S.r.

D

Alfalfa oil
Without NAOH

44

159

L
50

A
700

S.:r . D
56
158

57 2

44

169

48

67 2

59

150

46

6 4 /1.

45

17 5

46

64 4

40

154

151

44

316

45

17 5

44

616

40

154

40

154

42

588

46

177

42

588

41

158

504

41

1 58

40

560

45

177

40

560

41

158

47 6

4?

162

58

552

48

177

58

552

42

162

2

44 B

42

162

56

504

46

177

56

504

42

181

50

420

47

16 5

54

47 6

47

170

54

47 o

42

29

592

45

165

52

448

47

17 9

25

550

45

168

?4

T r?
.
o

45

lr'5

50

420

48

195

22

-0Q

44

169

88

5 0B

46

177

28

592

49

186

19

266

45

173

IB

2 80

47

181

26

564

49

185

15

182

46

1.77

16

252

49

189

24

556

49

187

11

154

47

181

14

224

50

192

22

50R

49

189

9

126

49

189

15

1 96

52

200

20

280

50

19 2

118

50

192

12

1 B2

(
T
.'7

204

18

2 52

51

196

7

98

51

196

11

16B

54

207

16

8 24

52

200

6

84

53

204

10

154

56

215

14

196

r;r?.

804

5

70

56

215

9

14 0

59

225

12

169

54

207

4

55

50

827

9

121

11

11

154

RF

210.

42

66

O 6 12

7

1 12

62

2 54
Q r2

10

T 40

5'4,

815

6

99

15

250

•i

186

r~ -■»

216

5

84

69

85 5

f

98

59

8 87

4

70

75

8^8

n

54

80

2 50

107

4 10

e-L

’

18

851

70

85 9

T

4?

'■

F n
«c

•••o

8

16 1

Tc*,ble XVIII
Corn

Car o t ene

Carotene

oil
S. r.
41

£.r .
11

D
42

A
700

L
50

£.r .
15

D
58

T
0

48

16

61

672

48

22

85

17

46

177

644

46

19.5

75

644

46

27

104

17

49

188

600

43

23

88

616

44

123

37

51

196

6 30

40

27

104

588

42

37

142

55

54

208

518

37

32

12 3

546

39

44. 5 1 7 1

68

55

212

4 76

34

mrj

140

518

37

49

474

31

42

161

490

35

55

4 06

29

45

171

462

33

60

230

37 B

27

48

184

420

30

71

27 3

350

25

52

200

378

27

78

300

322

23

57

219

350

25

96

368

0

42

162

2 94

21

64

246

322

83

116

446

2

39

150

26 6

19

75

288

294

21

130

500

14

44

169

238

17

91

350

880

20

145

556

22

47

181

224

16

105

4

284

16

185

710

59

55

812

Corn

oil

A
700

L
50

672

32

198
210

S 0 3 ciuft@
0

L
43

A
165

T
16

L
46

A
177

17 3

7

43

165

21

49

184

49

189

16

47

181

35

51

196

27

53

20 4

27

50

192

50

53

204

'/'7

57

812

36

52

200

•364

56

215

0

41

157

6

43

16 5

£. rr-

10

E
38

T
O

L
43

A
135

10

38

7

45

5

1?

46

16

13

15

57

18

16

57

22

13

50

T

o

D
157

T

Table Xix

Vit. D in corn oil
Witlj u l t r a v i o l e t

Without ultraviolet
T
0

L
A
3 ‘‘.7

486

0

44

169

0

B

47

180

2

22

508

2

29.6

41 4

18

51

196

4

25.2

524

4

29.6

414

52

55

204

6

24.4

558

6

5 98

8

25

5 56

9

28.9

405

10

26. 5

5 57

14

29.8

418

12

26.5

572

18

5 0 .8

432

52

448
466

T

S.r/

.

A
556

L
24

CO
CV2

With ultraviolet
T
S.r.
D

49.5
1?

lBo
it

14
1
5?
1U

27.5
oo ■
c»

585
59 5

21
O c;
t-j * /

979Zt.
9?
.

6

520

199

18

29.5

415

28

54 . 5

480

8

555

208

20

508

452

51

5 5 .5

494

11

5 46

209

23

52

448

54

5 6 .2

507

16

5 6 .6

217

26

3 5 .9

47 4

45

58

552

20

57 ,6

220

28

55

490

47

59.1

648

24

30

250

50

55.9

505

51

40.5

564

50

51

254

52

56

514

55

41.4

580

2
A

i.-ef l e c t L o n

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six

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5 , 4 'l£ rfcp

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£
t

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rtt
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fable

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aickns

3

9

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IT

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It
tta_t

9
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e

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V.' a v e

length

in m i c r o n

Table
od liver

3i l

:•

96

bOOO k u /g

00

zu

I

sontrol 2=-ES=jL:.

90

80
■t±t

5.4
70

80
70
60

50-

rr±±r

50

40

40

30

30

100
90

90

tillc*rn.ess'~ .2 rani
70

70
60
50

40
30
20

10

i\i*& 7

same

tM cjk n ess

lia b le !6 B
/

-

-■i■• ■

1 .Soy-i3ean.-JoiJ

4 t b ic k d e s s

’.'eve l e n r t h

—

.12 mm i A 5 .

in rr.icror-

K-H-

tntiitHitoh

Ta-ble VIII A
High Vit. D oil ilo .

47?

fcnesd .2 mm
L t.i_ h .- t- .u l4

L

--1

Fig. 8

4
-L
r
u.
t
.
J
-.
.
f
a
frtTt-j-r

. Rrt
,rx
U
f'TLfc,
Kepq^rt

'.'eve l e n p t h

in n i c r o n

mrr

Table IX

C Q — —

acid
4 thiciness .3 rair

\
Tablet IX
te

X

,.sve lcri;"u-i iu niici'on

Area
} i i-

£

d H 2dxaTwo
4 !xH

4tb
n±t
4 4m

iajbX$

ix i r rt

=-4- rr$£>}jb

“yrie / ceq

+: 4 '

-JTTTO BHEEt
trty ,4-ty-t

Art

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f stole: XI
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225*-<**
*urHt
M-l+H

d/l4«

t-'
■4^-rr

M e

11

ea

■fabli
phnj? 4

m m m
If

1

t.

& s wit*

infrared

h in fra re d

m

seed

Gone. VX%

dilate
JtoXet

GOOOjlUt

o(
li

tlm a in minert® a

P'ttT

Table

13

IbrriLb

VI t. A from
1--Siil-eken -iivei* -+--1

ut^|T-

2QO-:

--300------ 400
c/l^

cc

r,^|

7 7.7. ..'

\U rt;fi

f
mH* \+H

JF*
txfct

KI M-U-lt~
7 l«
7

«rt jsel

wJ[thouti ulti

ImLU

S £iD e oi
Tab]

rlflIt hoi,
bout

arotene
S4b-1&-JSRKW-

With iultraviolet

H rafeftouV

t:1 ti >

fi

t

i>etro:.eiuia

4

. .-

-PaLmiti
!1I!<tI!TfTTtTtT'''
f

I

;-afbIe

>QI lv0 Ol
?±e %

Ml til jilt ravi ole t Xj4dh.lL

iaie In minute a

t-Mhti *
H it

u rtttJ-t

Are

^ lrt[PI
'Htn^

ill B
:Ti“
r
H
it

4 4 4+c'

-C r44

loo

XC>0:;4:::

d '14cm

•tr

00

-TX

00

r

500

'H r

00

00

00
IB

•Cocqnu

i-

i-r

t-

4-t^

-*

»

00
li|- ijxours;on tljxe surface of ^iter-

f -dr

00

Soo

carotene

00

£&-&

■5*00

VT

r
^
>

cn

CD

icT

ct

Cl
Cr

rrr

oy

tr

rr.,.
-rrJ:

•rlt

;r+r;

Discus sion
The g a l v a n o m e t e r deflec t io ns are rec or de d in m i l l i ­
meters.
the

On r e f e r r i n g to the first few tables,

we see that

p er centage error involved in reading the deflections

is dependent upon the magni tu de of the total deflection.
The d e f l e c ti on s are small at the wavelength,
1 /A- and longer than 9 A*~ •
u r e s 1 t; 9 all
at

t h e

These cu r ve s given

!i

3 »

/ * -

tc

5 / u

.

"

is also shown in moot

This characteristic

organic comnounda which

have be en d e t e r m i n e d tv different p e o p l e .x *
tion b a n d at the n e i g h b o r h o o d
m a r b e d reg ul ar i ty

J

An absorp­

A*- which occurs w i t h

in each s pectrum of the oil examined may

be r e g a r d e d as characte ri s ti c
sorot^n

in fig­

show a similarity of region transparency

neighborhood

t ra nsparency

shorter than

cp-'Ctra of soybean,

of the C-G l i n k ag e. 1*'
c^rn,

The ab-

eesame and high Vit.

D

oils and oleic acid have be e n examined between. 1 A ^ to
12

fi'-'-d 1 A 4- to 6 M - .

ally made

These a b sorption cells are usu­

from p o l is he d r o c k

salt crystals.

The abs or pt i on curves chow a d s fi r te similarity
number
whlle

and the locution
there

of the tends between

is no similar ity at the reg io n

in the

1 A^- to 9 A^~

shorter than 1

Too absorption curves of corn -il a n d the high Vit,
oil ere about

the

same

(Figs.

t r a n s m i s s i o n s are also the
if9 percent

-i- •

2.
*
J •

K

«J •

Am.

transmission

Cl.cm.

, „
ri\. ^
avi-i* *
^ . i. w 1u •
1
^
L. wW*.
O -o ♦

J•
Op4.
T
A...
•

■u

o

-t,3;.

same.

D

An d the percentage

Both of them go down to

at the w a v e l e n g t h

J.6

micron .

2 I9d (192p)
, Bell, 10, 29dC
A
/ >'
•'i~2
A;

;C ,

% -"i
kG 3 0 *

*•* 7

^ J.
o

w

-> /—t

■

*
£ >
r- / \

*7

»
7Crj - 1■ '

'•

\ ■*•>>> J
/ 1
\

•

i

The absorption band at the wavelength 3.6 micron for
soybean oil goes down to 56 percent transmission
oleic acid to 6 percent transmission

(Fig. 9) and sesame

oil to 25 percent transmission (Fig. 6 ).
vestigations,

(Fig. 6 ),

From these in­

we car. find out that the oleic acid absorbed

relatively much more infra-red ray than the others under
investigations at the wavelength 3*6 micron.
The ban.is at the n e i g h b o r h o o d 3.6 micron
C.

(Figs.

1 to 9)

"7

are due to the C-H l i n k a g e . - o

<

There are a number of curves which have been determined
by the film balance method.
three groups.

These curves are divided into

In the first group

(Figs.

10,

11, 12, 13, 19;

2 0 , 2 1 ), the film area is plotted as ordinal -c against the
dynes per 19- cm. of the film as abscissas.
group (Fig.

l 6 ), the dyn-^s per 19 cm.

In the second

of the film are plot­

ted as ordinates against the time in minutes as abscissas.
In the third group

(Figs.

1 5 , 17, 22), the area of this

film is plotted as ordinates against the time in minutes as
а.c sicissas.
By looking through the first group, we will see that
the vegetable oils are in general more elastic than animal
oils.

Especially,

soybean oil,

'-^ic acid, and sesame oil

are the most elastic among; the vegetable oils under inves­
tigation.

Tv'*= elasticity and compressibility of the regu­

lated oils are lost at a certain pressure and after the film
has been pressed once or twice.
5.
б.
7.

S3Innt, Proc. bat. Acad. Sci. 12, ?9 (1925)
Ccblentz, Carnegie Inst. Pub. Ho. 35, 23 (1905)
Ootical Sac. of Am. Vol. 2^., 92 (1933)

The effect.^ of ultraviolet light on the corn,
liver,

Vit.

X, high Vit.

(Figs.

12, l1!, 1 5 , 19),

it has relatively little effect on cream,

peanut,

old corn oil,

them have

cod

D and soybean oils are quite

prominent as shown in the curves
but

olive,

and sesame oils

(Fig.

cocoanut,

12).

All of

increased their film areas more or less by the

effect of the ultraviolet light.
The effect of the ultraviolet light
Vit.

A is in the reverse direction

other words,

on the cone.

(Figs.

the area, of film of conc.

decreased for a certain length of time.

12, 13).

In

Vit. A is rapidly
The decreasing

in area is probably due to the oxidation of conc. Vit.
on the surface of water.

A

The effects of infra-red radia—

t; or. on the same oils are less prominent than the effect
of ultraviolet light

(Figs.

11 to 1 9 ), but they have the

s?-m e effect in decreasing the area 'of conc. 'Vit.

A and in

increasing the other oils.
From the inveetigst ion, the H o30^ and !7aOH do rot ef­
fect the characteristics cf the film cf caicicen liver oil.
The cor>c . Vit. A oil is least in compressibility and elas­
ticity than any other oils which ha'"-" been determined as
shown in those curves

(Fig.

The areas of oil films

13)*
are always increased

even with­

out ’ultraviolet or infra-red radiations except in the case
of concentrated Vit.

A oil which decreased

its area.

The

degrees of increasing and decreasing in area are greater
when the oils are radiated either by ultraviolet or by
infra-red radiation.

The percentage transmissions of heat wave of the
vegetable oils are nearly 100 percent at the shorter wave­
length,

C.£ ^

micron to 1.5 microns and the elasticity

and compressibility of the same oil are lost when they
have been pressed once or twice by the area pressure mea­
surement .
From these evidences,

the writer assumes that if the

vegetable oil mixed with the animal oil,
compressibility and elasticity,

which has lees

will more readily spread

on the surface of leaves than vegetable oils alone.
The percentage transmission at the wavelength 0.9
to 1.5

(Figs.

1 to 3) is nearly ICO percent.

ness of oil film is 0.1 mm.

^

The thick­

The vegetable oils not only

have a tendency to transmit all heat waves, but also have a
tendency to store the heat at these particular wavelengths.
Therefore,

the leaves of certain plants have been injured

or have an appearance of a burned

effect.

This is probably

due to the oils ?.hi o'"1 ore need as the stickers for spraying
mat er i a l s .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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