4 bi! NV NUNIONNIIITY = S== eee ee ee EBEBEE HH “2 i “oo ne = — AT EY: 00682 0736 GW mh 1 9 Cr SAORI out ak open la ere. 5 < : ‘ , oy roe Ae oR A AY Bae ae FZ “a Aen ; «. “, 7 PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove thie checkout from your record. TO AVOID FINES return on of before date duo. MSU Is An Affirmative ActiorVE qual Opportunity Inetitution oe THESIS THE RASPBARRY. By CHARLES P. CLOSE, ‘'S.. THESIS THE RASPBERRY. --00o-- The very early history of the raspberry is shrouded in ob- -scurity. The name Rubus from whe Latin word Rubeo meaning "be red" was given it, because of the redness of the twigs or of the juice. 727.0 vho lived about 140 B.C. wrote o: it as one of the fruits thought by te Romans to be worthy of cultivation. ‘Pliny, the Elder, 45 A.D., and Diascorides, 45 A.)., wrote that the Grecks traced its origin «o Mount Ida in Asia Minor near ‘the ancient city of Troy. They gave it the name Idaeus, hence _ the name Rubas Idacus.Palladius mentions Rubus Idacus as one of the fruits csltivated by the Romans in the fourth century Pickering mentions its beinz culsivated in central Europe dur- | ins the mediaeval pertod; thar it grew wild from +he mountains of northern Italy to Lapland, and was carried to northeast America by Kuropean:colonists . | In lookin: up the history and description of such a popular and favorite fruit as the raspberry, one is struck with the peculiarity of the early writings. These early English, works ‘are not common and as few people ever see them, it was adv $a- ‘ble to quote John Parkinson in his Paradisus written in 1629. | \ Rubus Idaeus, Raspis. “Two kinds, white and red. They do not differ in form of bush, leaf or berry, only in color and taste of fruit. Raspis bush hath tender whiteish stemmes, with redish, small prickles like hairs set around them especially at the first when young; but vhen they grow old they become more woody and firme without any shew of thorns or prickl*s upon them. The leaves are somewhat tough, rugzed, and wrinkled, stand- “ing three or five upon a stalk somewhat like unto roses, but greater and of a gravish-g:een color. The flowers are small, made of fine whitish round leaves, with a dasn, as it were, of blush cast over them, mant standing toget.ney, vou every one 94656 ? e Upon nts own stalk at whe top of the beanches; afuer which come 2. “p small berries, bigger thon stravberries, ana longer, eltner red or white, made of many grains : ore emment, than t:.2 siurayw- berry, with a kina of downiness cast over them, of a pleasans tasze, yet somewhau soure, and novhin: :o pleasant as vhe stravberrie. The white Raspis is a little more pleasant than the red, wherein there is a small @eed inclosed. The roots creepe under sround very farre ard shoots up againe in manv plag?s, much ire~easinrg thereby! There is another whose siemm? and branches are wholly with- out, prickles; the fruit is rei, and somewneat larger, and e little more sharpe? Ane us? of +ne raspborry at that time was medicinal. They were ‘used in"gargles and other ddcoctions that are cooling ») "The syrup meue of the berries is used to gool anc drying: hot stomach, helping to refresh and quicken those that are overcome with faintness? Steven Switzer in 1724 mentions only three kins of rasp- berries. George W. Johnson ir his "History of English Gardon- ins" published in 1829, places the number of aultivated varie- ties at twenty-three. Gerard Dewes in his translazvion of Dodoen's "Niewe Her- ball", or Historte of Plants, published in 1578, she verlues” or medicinal uses of the whole plart. Nouv mucn autenvion was paid vo ihe raspber:y wntil the cloe of the sixteenth ceniury. About that time people turned their attention to the cultivation of fruit and the familiar variet- ies of Enzland were introduned., William R. Prince, in his een ‘Pomological Manual of 1832, mentions only four, varieties, six of which are worthw of cultivation. Ter of these are prob- ably variet:es of Rubus Idaeus. Of the other four, three ap- pear to be forms of Rubas Strigosus, wiile the fourth, may be- lore to Rubus neslectus. Miller in his"Gardener's Dictionary", published in 1807 Zives a detailed account of tie Rubas from all parts of tie world as it vas then known. Tho raspberry ard bleéskberry ars -3- not separated, but are described under tue generic name Rubus With tieir vespne? iva srecifie names attacned. ilnere are tuir- e 1 . . . . | : wo . ran 7 . .aene i : eo. . c } e. tyetyvo wild species minutoly aeseribed, gsivirs botanical ch: - racteristics ard hebitat, propogation and culture 4 For ti.s purpose of comparing the Rubus Idasus and tne hu- bus occidentalis of that time with tho same species of tne present, rine, Mr. Miller's cescription is given in full, as follows: "Rubus Idacus. Stems sufrruticose, bicnnial, upright, round, ocule-bispid, o° chick sev wach small p.uckles, ove feet high: thy produce rruit tus second year, alter which tipsy die aowmn. Leaficts rnomb-ovats, acute, marke.n with lines, w- equally serrate, white underneath. Petioles pubescent, prickly p-dunéles bispid, calyx tomentose, apminat. Petals small, white, blunt, flat; fruit red, grateful to the smell ard taste, deciuuous, oO istly with the permanent styles ae upon a conical receptacle. Tosre are three of these varieties, tus red-fruited, the vhito-fruiteu and the bivieo-vacring. It, rlow- ers in May or June. It is native of many parts o. surope, on rocky mountain:, moist situations, voods and hedwes." “Rubus occidentalis. The Virsinda raspberry,--rises with purplish stalks, a little higher tiian tue common sort. The leaves are of a lucid green on their upper side, out noery on the wnicr side; their foot-stalks are tapering; tls fruit is orf a deep black when ripe, has little flavor, and ripens late in autumn. Stem round, even, with recurved prickles, and cov- ered with a bloom like a plum. The petioles have also re- curved prickles. Leaves ternete, witn ti.e middle leaflet pecai- celled, ovate, gash-serrate, white-tomentose underneath. Ra- ceme terminating. Fruit blsck. It varies atso with a rac fruit, more aciu and pleasant than our Kuropean raspberry. It, differs chiefly from that, which it, otherwise, very much ro- sembles, in the leaves being commonly ternate, although the lateral leaflets often become two; the lateral leaflets often beins usually angular; ihe prickles alternate, recurved, not scattered and in clusters; but it is known at first sight by the blue cloud or blush on whe stem." "Native ot North America. It was cultivated in the botanic garden at Chelsea in 169%; fiowsrs in May or June." Propazation. There are five ways of propagatin ¢ the raspberry, nenely, suckering, division, rouot-cutting, tip-rootins, and by seed. >? suckering is the naiural vay of vvropagating all tne ved species. It consists in the sending up of suckers, or young canes, from the underground rootestalks of the old plants. ‘this & grovth occurs in -he spring and ths voungs plants may be trans- planted during the summer if th s weatner id@ favorable, or in tne following spring. To increase suckering in those varistics whieh naturally produce but fev suckers ‘he roots are cut into lengths of 3/: inches by some instrument. The latent, buds in these divided roots are th:s forced to grow and produce ood, strong, plants. Root cutting is practiced with red varieties only and con- sists in diggin tne roots in the fall and cutting them into lengths of 2 or 3 inchs. ‘these cuttings are placed with damp send in boxes ana either buried in a ury pace velov frost, or placed in a frost-proof cellar. The cut surfaces enllus. dur- ing the winter ad when planted inthe spring soon send out rootlets ani shoots. These cuttings should Le plant d in a ;rich sandy loam three inches apart in drills and covered two | | ‘inches deep. It is vell to put o: a lisht mulch of straw to shade the surface and check evaporation. These plants can be ‘transplanted the next spring. Tin rooting. This is the means ot propagatin,, tne black-cap varieties. Tne canes are usually long, slenasr anil drooping, cvith tne tips resting on the sround. When the tips remain sta- ‘tionary a fey days new rootlets are formad and a bud is emitiau lat the surfaces of tne ground. When the Dip is securely rooted ‘the old cane is severed eight to ten inches above tho buu. | ‘| Layering consists in digging a small trench, putting the 4 2 Lip in, ana then covering witn earth to fucilitate the growth / Of the bud. Tne last method, “by seeds", is used to produce new varie- vies. The best rruits from the most excellent varieties are carefully crushed, and the seea and pulp separated by washing. The seeds may be planted in the fall or preserved inSand uniil . urbe . . . Spring. a seéd bed should be carefully prepared and the seed ' sowed in drills ono foot epar:,. If sown in tne fall the sea will not serminate until th: followins spring. After the sca- son's growth the plants should be heeled in for the winter and the next spring set out in th: plantation. They will bear this season and the peculiarities or the varieties may be studied. If there are any new and promising varieties they may be pro- pagated for future use. Pruning. The canes of tne raspberry are biennial, making a growth the first year on wnien fruit is -rown the sscond year. After producing one crop, the vanes will die; so it is well to cut tnem out sooa aftor the crop is gatnered. The tips of the your cancs should be pinched back in J4ly so as to make them short, ard stocky givins more branches for .ne development otf the . fruit. In the spring the young canes should have the tips and lateral branches cut back. Tio canes are loft three or four -feet high aceordind ‘o the variety, and from three to rive in — ~hill. The branches ar2 cut back for tne purpose of making tne bush more compact ani stocky. Planting. Biack-cups and tip-rooting .inds should always be set in the spring as they are apt to winter-kill. The sucke™in: kinis may ve set sitser in the auturr or spring. Oa 2. ae 7 7 , After the soil has been tnorou nly prenare., the plants -6- are set in rows as favapart as the fancy of the grower dictates, About five or six feat anart ror the rows and about four or five feet apart in tne row is an average distance, in the nill sys- tom. In tie row system the rows may be six to eight reet apart and the plarts three to four feet anart in the row. Cultivation. The ground snould be cultivated often enough to destroy all weeds end suckers and to keep the surface mellow, thus form- ing a maleh t~ return tn moisture or the soil. The nill sys- tem has the advantage in inat it can be cultivated both ways and ihe veeds and suckers kept down with little or no use of the hoe. With the row system, cultivation is impossible cxcepi in one dirsetion, and weeds and suckers must be cut with the hoe. If suckers have becn neglected until June or July, they had best Be pulled out oy hand at that time and few will start again until the folowing spring. Description of a few Species, And Karly Development of a Few Varieties. Rubus: Ida us. Linn. (Europ?an Raspberry) This was at an early date cultivated in Southern Europe by the Greeks and Romans. From there it. was taken to France and England, and finally to tne United States. It is distributed quite gonerally over KBurope, but in this country it is adapts only to limited area s owing to a lack of hardiness and inabi- lity to gtand the hot, summer sun. Plant medium stout, 2 1/2 to 83 1/2 feet high, erect, co- vered with many straight, slender prickkes, giving : reddish, fuzzy appearances. Leaves tree to five lobed, wrinkled, dark green above, glaucous below, prickl«s extend along under sid: of mid-rib. Inflorescence sub-corymbose, pedicles short and 7 and agsregated at end. Fruit large ani broai, apnearin,s more or less continuously throughout the summer, purple or y:llowish, The varieities of this species lack in hardiness ard although the fruit is larse and of hi.h flavor, it is so lacking in production and soft in texture that it is little grown for marnet purposes. It is highly esteemed by amateurs for home Ag use in localities where it, succeeds. Anon the early varieties of tnis species is Brinckle'’s Or- ange wnich wes originated in 1843 by W.D.Brinc te of Philzudel- phia. The seod from which it grew was obtained from tne Dy- ack. The arta over whien it. thrives is limited as it is dam- agel by bo hi.eat anu cold. At present it is said to do well in tnirteen states. Russél's Red is a secdlimg of the White Antverp supposed to have been fertilized by the Red Cane. It. was first exhibi- ted by Dr. Russel, of Hartford, in 1859. Rubus occidentalis. Linn. (Black-cap). Plate I. This species is indigenous to nearly the whole of the United States and Canda, except perhaps on the Rocky Moun- tains and along the Pacific coast. About 1850 it bagan to be cultivated in the Eastern states and many good varieties have Since been developed from ii. The stems are long anu drooping, rooting at the tip, glau- cous at base of shoots, prickles stout and hooked, leaves 3- lobed, smooth, dark gree above, glaucous below. fniloresesnc. densely cymose. Pedicles aggregated, usually, stiff and erect bearing stiff prickles. petals shorter than sepals, fruit, vlack, depressed, firm, and dense. The varieties from this are largely grown in the northern States. They ave good shippers from the fact that, they have larg? seeds and a small amount of juice. For this reason, it, is largely useai for evaporating, The earliest variety of this species is the Onio Evorbcar- ing developed about 1882, somevhere in nosthern Ohio. Tne peculiar feeture of it was thea’ it bore rruit is. the zutumn en ~8- , the current year's growth of canés. It. has been cultivated in | the eastern states in the family garden, but not much for mar- : ket purposes. The fruit is large, gray-black, and rather early, | The Doolittle was found growing wild by Leander Joslyn of | Phelps, Onterio County, N.Y., and introduced by H.H.Doolittle | of Oaks Corners about, 1850. A peculiar reason claimed for its : excellence is that it was propagated from tips of one-ear old | plants only. _ Rubus strigosus. (Red raspberry). Plate II. ! This species is found to be a native American species. It : has a little wider range than the black-cap as it extends much | farther northward. Its greatest natural development is at- ! tained in the vicinity of the boundary between th: United States and Canada. It does not take kindly to cultivation and ' most of the varieties from it are chance or artificial aeed- ; lings upon cultivated ground. : The plants are tall, stout and much branched. Prickles nn- ' merous and stout excert at the base where they are numerous | and siender. Leaves slightly wrinkled, generally 5-lobea on ! new canes and three lobed on the old ones, dark green above, | light green below. Inflorescence raceme, pedicles scattered, either simple or three flowered, pedicles short with a few : reddish, recrrved prickles. Petals as long as sepals, fruit : light red. | The varieties of this species are now almost entirely grown | for market purposes taking the place of the Rubus Idaeus which are noy only grown for family use. They are gererally hardy ' and the better varieties productive and good shippers. : Among the early varieties, we have the Turner origijated : about 18384 by Prof. J.B. Turner of Jacksonville, Illinois. It : was grown from sced of the Red Antwerp. The Turner was the leading red variety from 1877 until the Cuthbert appeared in 1887. It is very hardy, bein adapted to the cold of the north 10 -9- as well as to the wat of the south. The Stoever is a form of American Red foun: wild near Lake Dunmore in Vermont, by Jef- ferson F. Stover, and removed to his garden at Tacony, near Philadelphia, where it fruited in 1859. | A later variety and tne leading red, is the Cuthbert origi- nate in the garden of Thomas Cuthbert, of Riverdale, N.Y., about 1875. It is adapted to the most diverse situations, is of large size, firm texture, good color, anc excellent flavor a and a splendid market berry. Its chief defect is that it set- tles in the shipping boxes if allowed to get over-ripe in hot weather. Rubus neglectus. Peck. Purple cane family. Plate III. _Tnis is supposed to be a hybrid of natural origin between the native red anc black species and is quite generally dis- tributed throughout the northeastern states. The plants are vigorous and often more productive tnan either the black or red species. It has been grown under tne name of purple cane in the vicinity of New York, Philadelphia, ana otner cities, since about 1800 thus being tne first, American variety cultivas ted. For fifty years tne blue cane was one of the favorites in a large portion oi the country. Plant, habit varies, part of canes grow upright, others curve over and root at the tip, glaucaus, reddish-brown bark, becomins, roush on old cams, stout, recurved prickles. Leaves S-lobed, much wrinkled, dark-green above, glaucous below, prickles on under side of midrib. Inflorescence racemose-cymose, peduncles short witn a fev prickles. Pedicels short, erect and ageregated above. Fruit is large and broad, purple-black to bright, purple, or even yellowish. The fruit is covered with a brownish bloom, is very soft and inclined to crumbie and has a peculiar acid flavor. It is largely grown for eastern markets, but is i100 soft to be a good shipper. Perhaps the earliest cultivated variety from this specics i] -10- is the Purple Cane. Dr. Warder says its origin is unknown, but it has been cultivated for fifty years rear the larse castern '@ities. For some tims it furnished nearly the whole supply for he Nev York City market. It has nov given way to better var- leties. A more recent variety is the Schaffer which was originated by, or rather was found growing in the arden of George Schaf fer of Scotsville, Munro2 Courty, New York., about 1oU9. This is oe very popular variety lor both market and family use, be- ing especially valuable for both canning ana urying. Description (Botanical) of Varieties. -Cuihbert. Rubus strigosus. Plate IV. Piant tall, 4 to ® feet, vory stout, much branched, light green voile young turning brown with age, slightly glaucous. _ Prickles quite numerous cna stout except at base where they are mors numerous and slender, 2--3 m. long. Leaves alternate, ‘very slightly wrinkled, ribs prominent on under side, generally O O-lobed on tne new canes and 8-lobed on the old ones, but very- ing greatly, Sometimes 7-lobed, dark green above, light green below anu slightly tomentose under th: lens. 1ld--24 cm. long, 14--19 em. wide on main stem. Much smaller on ths branches. Stipules slender, flattened, slightly tomentose, larger on the lower branches, 5--15 mn. long largest 1 mn. wide. Petiole cy- lindrical, slightly glaucous, few prickles, 4.5---8.5 ch. long. Leaflsts large, double serrate-dentate, usually five, often three or seven, sessile, ovate base, acute apex, plicate in bua, Bracts on branches, usually only one, d-veloped into small leaves with stipules. Inflorescence, cymose panicle. Peduncle cylindrically o-sided, slightly glaucous, few prickles, several leaf-like bracts in the axils of which are flower clusters of from one tc four buds. Brasts,several, nearly all developed into to 3-lobea compound leaves. Pedicel sle-der, cylindrical, few reddish recurved prickles, 1O--15 mm. long, slightly vLomentos~ IZ -ll- on the upper side, darker green and slightly pubescent with an occasional prickle below, vary in size on aecount, of extra so- pals, normal size, 3--4 mm. wide, G--7 mm. long. Petals, 5--11, usuaily only five fully developed, white, blade elliptical, me-# dium long claw, alternate with sepals in normal condition. 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, 0.0 to F mn. long. Stamens white tunning brown, perisynous, three lengths, with longest outermost, introrse, 2e0-4,0 mm. long. Filament persistent, cylindrical, tapers toward top. Antner 2-celled, introrse, versatile, dehisce in- ward longitudibally. Ripen at uilierent times. Pistil 3 ooo mm. long,Ovavy one-celled, green, covered with wnite pubes- cones on upper side. Stvle, cylindrical, persistent, white, turning brown with age. Stigma capitate. Fruit red, 10--16 mm. across at base. LO--16 mm. from base to apex. Marlbvoro. (Idaeus & strigosus) stem, medium heigh:., stout, light greon when young, turning brown vith age. Prickles. Very few, short, stout, straignt, 1--1.6 mm. long on upp*r half of stem. On lower half, many, weak, slender, readish, recurved. 3--4 mm. long. Scarcely ron: ov old canes. Leaves. 5-lobed with some variation. Mucn wrinkled, well ridged dark green above, ligntsr green and slightly glaueous below, under a lens slightly tomentose. Axillary branches just appcar ing (June 17), 10--18 em. long, li--14 cm. wide. Stipules. Very weak and s:ender, Yisttened, slightly tomentose 8 to lO m. lores. Petiole. Nearly cylindrical, slightly flattened on top, 8.0 to 7 mm. long. Fev prickles. Leaflets large. Irregularly serrate, usually 5 sometimes 3, /3 _— -l2- ' sessile, ovate base, acute apex, plicate in bud. Breacts. Nove on stem. Inflorescence irregularly cymose-psnicle, 7--15 cm. long. Pedunele cylindrically S-sided, scarcel: no spines, o--10 em. long, several bracts in axils of which are flower clusters of from one to five buds. ) Bracts on peduncle. Sometimes 8--10, usually less, lower ‘ones developed into compound leaves, uppsr ones simple lanceo- ‘late leaves. | e , Pedicel cylindrical. Larger at fruit end, fev small red- ‘dish recurved prickles, very slightiy tomentose, 5--15 mm. longs Bud ovate, base «,5-sided. Pyramidal apex, slightly tomen- »tose with oecasional prickles. calyx, monosepalous, O-lobed, imbricated, persistant, ELE slightly tomentose, occasional prickle. sepals,five in number. ovats,aaute, list green and slisht- 'ly tomentose vith an occasional prickle, 3--4 mm wiue, 7+-8 ‘Im. longs. | Petals five in number} white, hypogynous, alternate ‘vith sepals, deciduous, blade ovate, wiitl, short thick claw. 45 to “5 mm long, 2.0 mm. wide. | stamens, numerous, perigynous, three lengths, longest outer “most, 205 to 4.0 mm. long. introrse. Filament. White. while young turning brown with age, cylin- 'drical, tapering toward top, persistant. Anther tvo-lobed, Gehisce inwards longitudinally. Versatile ‘ripen a. different times, outer ones ripen first even before _the bud opens. Pistil,compound. Ovary, green, one-celled, unper siae covered with white pu- bescence. | Style white, turnin.. brown, tnread-like, cvlindrical. Stigma capitate. Fruit, red. ll--15 Mn. across base, 11--17 mm. from base to apeXe ~13- Hansell. Rubus strizosus. Plats Vl. Plant. Medium neignt, 2--4 feet, slishtly »leaucous on rew | growth. | Prickles. Nuverous, espe-ially on lower part of cane, quite ' stout, sliently recurved, freen rear the base, and vsd at tip. | Becom:s red with age. 2--4 mn. long. ON ee ee fee Coton Ieaves. consicerably vrinkled, dark green above, light,sid> " somewhat tomentose. ll to 18 em. long, ¢.5 t 14 mn. wide ex- ant, smuill, undeveloned saves, o-lobea when fully develope -buo varying much. S' ipales very tender, terete, recurved, 5 to 10 mm. long “on leaves of main stem, or branch leaves much smaller, sligntly - Fomantose. Petiole cylindrical, many pr’ckles, 4--10 cm. long. Leaflets large. Irresularly doubly serrate-crenate, usually .o, sometimes 3, sessile, cordate at base, plicate in bud. | Bracts, vary much. Some simple, others developeu into ‘leaves, Simple ones 7--8 mm lon:>; others as much as 4d mn. long | Inflorescence, irregular panicle, S--l2 cm. long. | Peduncle. Gylindrical, covered with spines ¢--&5 cm. iong, |several bracts. in axils of which are flower clusters with “three or Four buds. | Lower bracts developed into compound leaves with three leaflets, upper ones into single lenccolate leaves. | , Podicel, slender, cylindrical, covered with many rocurved ved s spines. 10--85 mm. long. | I : " Bud vats at bas?, S-sided pyramidal apex, covered with small red spines. ¢--5 mm. wias at bese, 7--lé ma. long. | Corolla, polypetalous. Petals. Five, white, hypozynous, alternate vith sepals ‘oval, deciduous, blade large, clay short, 4--5 mm long. & to 2.5 mre VLG. i | Ss ¢ -_ /, —_ Stamens numerous, porigynous, 3 lengths with longest, outsr- most, introrse. 2.0 to 5 mm. lon. Wilaments white turning brown, persistant, taperin: toward DHA Lope Anithor 2-lobed, .chiscing invard longitudinally, versatile, rivon at uifVorent times, outer ones on longest filaments usu- ally rinen b2fore busi on ons. Pistil, compound. Ovarv, greon, one-celled, covered with wuite pubescence. Sivle, wait, torning Stizma 2- lobed. Fruit red 11-17 mm. across base, 10--15 mn. from base to brown, turead-like, 4 2m. long. base. Lovett. Rubus occidentalis. Plate VII. Plant tall, 4 or ©» feet, stout, slightly glaucous vhile . YOUN. prickles few and quite stout on upper part of cane, many y recurved, 3.0 to J and weak on lover end near ground. Slightl 4.5 ma. long. Leaves quite smooth, littlo wrinkled, dark green above, licnt green to glaucous green belov, under a lens somewnat vo- mentose. 10 to 2l cm. long; 10 to 18 em. vide. S-lowed. Stipules. Terete, erect, ° Ovary,one-celled, covered with white pubescence which at, up er snd forms a tuft. Pruit, oleck-cap. 10--15 ucross vase. Y--12 mn. from base LO upek. /@ 4 —— f Herbarium Agricultural College, Mich. Plate | } ABE pect olectlelen ; Woods North 4, RSE IF 54 , 2/ Pes aw ———————— Herbarium Agricultural College, De, ; . s alely.. ¢ | fren ae ze yer | 2 | as fo Chere. pow (EON Ts, a5 oy ea eee Se Aioxe Zo, Wis. | | 2 | Herbarium Agricultural College, Mich, ae V. pees — 1 ern v1 Herbarium Si ep bale YW Taney Siete, Shee [aes /3 48 —_ Herbarium Agricultural College, Mich. fH al—V Ce Boiss tase edt” Z Yarty Lor, Pa mene GET. arolen, Cf Eloi a, a... e er - te a a ee “TN | ae “sn ee “- “- SS ee STA UNIV. L I 0068207 | ARIES Hl 36 “TI