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MSU Is An Affirmative Action/E qual Opportunity Institution
- cNolrc\datedus.pma-p. 1

 

 
Avricultural College P. O.. Mich, 18Y

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apart from Agriculture.

93°64
THESIS
Plans and Construction of a Dairy Ruilding at the ‘.A.°C.

-:; Introduction: -
Relation of Dairying to Agriculture.

The art of dairying or dairy husbandry has received consider-
able attention from quite an early period, although it has heen
limited in extent almost entirely to tne rural districts. Not
until late vears nas it received tne consideration and study nec-
essary to entitle it to a place in the scientific as well as in
the industrial vorld.

Dairy husbandry and Africulture are both departments of the
farm. Although the two are entirely different, vet the one Jenendis
Primarily unon the other. Agriculture naturally preceeds Dairy-
ing, and until quite recently has held entire sway over the farm-
ing industry, the latter being merelv a side issue; but now we
see this department springing up and threatening to predominate
over Apriculture. makine it secondary to a certain extent, to
Dairyinre. Throurhnout the best cultivated districts both of
England and Scotland which claim the birth place of dairying, the
rrowinz of corn and freen crops. and the rearing and feeding of
stock, were at one time carried on to a considerable extent in
conjunction with the dairy. This mixed system of husbandry,
though it may have reducel the farmer's risks, has zradually de-

ereased, and the dairy is now refarded as a separate institution

apart from Agriculture.

93764
Ze

In no department of tne farm are carelessness and irrerular-
ity more injurious anid ruinous than in the dairv portion. On
many farms where dairving is not made a special feature, much of
the value of the cows is lost by imperfect and careless milking.

What we need is a wi:ie spreading of the most intelligent
dairy information, and this labor mist rest largely on the Agri-
cultural colleres where instruction in the various farm industries
is given the farmers. Rut in order that this instruction may be
suceessfully carried on a complete course in dairying must he
started with all the moiern appliances and conveniences necess-

ary to obtain the best results.

Objects of the Dairy Schools.

The Dairy School is designed to aid in developing the jairy
interest of the state by furnishing to farmer's boys instruction
in the care of the herd and the manavement of the home dairy ani
to the factory men instruction in the best methods of manufacture.
By extending the faculty and equipment of the school of ‘gricul-
ture in the line of dairy work, the Board of Revents offer unex-
celled opportunities for acquirins a thoroush knowledse of chem-
ical principles relating to the dairy -nd an acquaintance with the
details of breeding, feeding and management of cows as well as the

best methods of manufacture of hoth butter and echeese.
(Uni. of Minn. Dairy School)
3.

Special Dairy Course.

During the winter a Svecial Dairy Course vas given at the
College, befinning January 4, anil continuin: six weeks. Ciret#lars
snnouncing tne prornosed course were not issued until late in the
preceeding fall, vet before the beginning of the term more anprli-
Cants presentel themselves than we could acco-.modate. The total
number in attendance was 27, of wom 23 completed tne course.

The sole room available for the rractical ‘ork vas the larze
room in the basement of the africultural laboratory, in whieh tho
heater was located. Ry a rartit:on this room was divided into an
enrine and bheiler room and a dairy room. The utensils were washed
and stored in a smaller room adjoinin:e.

Tie dairy room had capacity for eirsht churns in operation al-
though interferin= to some extent with the hand ani steam serar-
ators and the four creamers located in tiie same room.

The milk testing was done in still another room ear the font
of the stairs.

Reginning with the milk as it came to the buildings from the
farmers or the herd, the students learned first to test it with
the Rabcoek tester. The importance of this arnraratus ean not he
overestimated and its presence in every creamery 1s a certaintv in
the near future. !fueh attention was therefore given to inculesat-

ing eareful habits of skillful manipulation and correct reading.
FYroin the testing room the student went to the separators.
These costly machines he studied and handled until ne understood
every dotail of their construction and manavement, and until he
could be safely @ntrusted with one in actual operation in a crean-
ery.

He then studied the various creamers and leamed the feneral
principles fovernins their oreration ani the detail: of setting
snd skimming milk, where tne cold deep setting process is used.

Then came a careful study of the conditions requisite to the
development of the right flavor in ripening cream. Cleanliness,
rieht temperatures, and the right set of bacteria vere jdlescrihed
as necessary, and the student was shown how best and easiest to
attain the desired results. Constant daily practice in churning,
yvashing, salting, working and vacking the butter followed. The
student preformed all tne operations of tne deiry, thermometer in
hand, carefully noting and recording every detail of every oner-
ation, temperatures, acidity, time required, weights and all other
matters. As a result the records of the wo rk done at the dairy
school lnst winter form an alrost inexhaustable mine of informa-
tion bearing on practical dairy work.

Notwithstandins the fact that the utensils used were just
such as the ordinary farmer should be provided with, and the meth-

ods emploved pertained rather to the private dairy tlian the pub-
- lie creamery, vet the general principles, the requirements for
properly handling milk and its rroducts are the same the world
over, and we find tnat a large proportion of the young men attend-
ing the school last winter have taken places in some of our best
creameries in the State, and are doins work creditable alike to
themselves and the Colleze.

Along with this practical work, explaining the ressons for
the various processes and giving a rational basis for the methods
employed, was fiven a course of lectures on dairy ehemistrv and
physics. This set of lectures included discussions of such topics
as the composition of whole milk, skimmed milk, butter ani butter-
milk; variations in the composition of normal whole milk due to
lapse of the neriod of lactation, chanfes of feed, or other causes;
relation of bacteria to the ripening of cream; relation of temer-
ature to tne efficiency of churning and inethods of rreventing
losses in skim-milk or buttermilk.

With tnis course there was also given a somewhat full deserim
tion of the methods of factory management, the use of the test in
f=etory work, methods of factory bookkeenving, payins for milk ac-
cording to its content of butterfat and other details,» a knowledre
of which is neceszary to the successful operation of a modem

creameryve

Dr. EAA. Grange save to the class a course of lectures on

bovine anatomy and the care of cows from a hvzienie Standroint.

~~ 6D
Dr. We.J. Real taught the use of the microscone, and ~ave the stu-
dents a clear insight into the appearance of the fat slobules, and
other microscovic neculiarities of milk and its products. He also
rave a course of exercises of fsreat value to the elass on rsrasses
end forage plants.

Under the skillful supervision of Mr. M.F. Loomis the class
had practice in the management of boilers and enzines. Thev were
tausht noy to economize fuel, how to detect adulteration of lu-
bricating oils, how to set up, run, oil, speed, anid onerate en-
fines» calculate the speed of shafts and the size of required vul-
leys, and such details of mechanies as would be valuable to them
in creamery manasement.

A feature of the course that proved of benefit to the class
was the set of lectures delivered by prominent dairymen in the
State invited to the college for that purpose. The thanks of the
Poard are due to the following sentlemen for their valuable ad-
dresses: lr. John I. Preck, Jackson; Hon. F. E. ‘Mills, Ann Arbor;
Mr. J. tle Brown, Climax; Mr. ©. E. Rockwood, Flint; Mr. J. N.
MeBride, Furton.

After the close of the special dairy course, opportunity has
been afforded the regular College students to take dairy work.

Hereafter this work will be required of all agricultur2l students

and will form an essential vart of their course.
(ich. Report of ‘'94)
Te

It is quite obvious that the present quarters of the Dairy
Sechool are too small, as may be seen in the cuts on the onvrosite
page, and because of the absence of a proper building in which to
carry on this work, the course must be discontinued until suitable
quarters can be obtained.

In order that the dairy work may be continued in the future,
more advantageously than in the past, a buildings or laboratory
must be built to meet the requirements of such a school, and equir
ped in such a manner that the course of instruction may be ecarriel
on in the most systematic way and on the most improved plan. The
subject matter of this Thesis is the Plans and Specifications of
such a building, together with a desc'iption and arranvervent of

the necessary equipment.
&.

Specifications.
Location.

In choosing a site for the Dairy Puilding, there are a few
conditions to be borne in mind; first, it is quite necessary that
this building should he in the immediate vicinity of the Agzricul-
tural laboratory, as those nersone wnio will be con eeted with the
dairy school are in a few cases connected with the agricultural
department and have offives in the agricultural laboratory, hence,
the passing from the one building to the other should be as con-
venient as possible.

The location should be such that there will be easy access
from the college herd to the dairy as possible, and third, the
proximity to sewers, pig-sties, or any offensive odors must be
seduously avoided.

The only site available meetins tne requirements, is that of
the grain barn and silo, about fifty feet South and a little to
the West of the agricultural laboratory, with a gentle slope to
the East. Here tne buildin: may be erected, facing West, with 2a
northern exposure for the butter and cheese rooms, also the ice
house, ani a very good Southern exposure for the cheese curing
room, all of which are very desirable.

Fxecavation.

A five foot hole should be dug with dimensions as shown on

the Rasement Plan, allowing a foot all around for caving etc.
 

 

In front of the main wall, there shall be an excavation made for

a terrace, alloving lisht to pass into the Rasement windows, 2s in-
dicated in tne Pas=ment Plan.

Foundation Wall.

This wall shall be built of vcranitie rock (field stone) with
the surface stones, or t:10Se composing the outer and tne inner
surface of the wall, roughl’ cut so as to rest securely in rlace:

he whole shell be well cemented together with the best Portland
cement. The first course of stone shall be laid 6" below base-
ment graie, and 2 ft. wide, extending to a heirht of 91/2 Ft. to
the water table with a width at the top of 18 inches.

Coping:

The stone coping on water table shall be made of gray sand
stone, cut in lengths of 3 ft. each, and esch length 6" x 6" with
a bevel of 11/2 inches on the upper outer edre. The coning snall
extend around the entire buildinz ineluding the porch, South Wing,
and lee house. It shall be placed on the outer edse of the
foundation wall with a projection of 2 inches. (See detail No.1)
Exterior Walls. (Main Structure)

These shall be constructed of white pressed brick, second
firing, of the resular demensions (2" x 4" x &") cemented tozether
with Portland cement, and 12 inehes thick, arranged so 2s to be

equivalent to three courses laid lengthwise.
10.

The heisht of the different wall shall be as follows, with
references to design:

oe (See Plans and Elevations) —
Wall [ Kind [ Width § f Feet I Teet | Di-
| of Roof | of Wall | to Eaves [| to Peak | mensions.
Of Front | Gable | 26°/3 ft.| 241/2 ft.J] 38 ft. [| 262/3 x

Projection] | | j J16ft.S.Six®
[ | j { 5" Ne. "
S. Wing | 7/4 Wip | 21 rt. § 14 &#29Ft.J ----- J21 x 21 Ft.
N. Wing. | Vansard J201/2 " | 22 nn }201/2x16-8
(Office) f i j i I
Main. | Gable [See Dem.onf[241/2 " | 38 Ft. |
| j Plan. | | }

There shall be a nitch at top of wall g inches from the inside, to
support the roof beams, leaving 4 inches for a course

of brick on outside. (See detail No.2) Upon the wall suppvorting
the two main roofs, shall be placed fray stone slabs, cut in 4 ft.
lenzths 1 foot wide, and 4 inches thick.At the two peaks. where
these slabs meet shall be placed a stone cut as in detail No. 3,
and at tne other end above the Faves, shall be placed stones cut
as in detail No.4

Tee House,

The walls of this wing shall be frame structure 1° inches
thick, allowing 1 inen for outside boarding, of Wnite Pine, 4 in-
ehes for scantlins, 1 inch inside boarding, and the svace between
outside and inside boaris to be filled with charcoal, anid the in-
terior surface of inside boarils to be covered with the heaviest

tar Paper. There then shall be a 6 ineh air space, 1 inch in-

side boarding, 4 inch scantling, and 1 inch outside boariins of
ll.

iorway Pine, this to he covered with tar paper anid the interveninz
space to be filled with charcoal, the same as the outer part of
wall, makinsz a total of 18 inches.

There shall be 2 cold storage room built inside of the ice
house, © ft. x 10 ft. and divided from the main rart by a 6 ineh
partition of Norway Pine. This cold storare room siall extend
only to the first floor, terminating in a ceiling slopins toward
the outside of the house, and provided with a trough on the lower
edge, and on the inside to carry off the water from the ice above.
Foofs. (Main Roofs)

These two roofs shall be the ordinary gable, joining as shown

in the Roof Diagram, and supported as shown in the section draw-

ing:
A. - Kins-rost.
~B. - Tie beam
CeCe. - Struts
Dee = Purlins .

E.E. - Backs or principal rafters.

Fer. - Common rafters.

CC, = Wall plates.

H. - Ridge riece.
All of the roofs si:all be covered with slate of the ordinary size,
with the exception of the N. W. corner wing.
South Wing.
This roof shall be a three quarter Hip supported hy 2" x 4"

rafters 16 incnes apart. The ridges shall be made of inch stuff

6 inches wide, set on edze.
12.

vorth Wing. (Office Wins)

This rocf shall be constructed somewhat like the “ansard,
only on a small seale. Tt shall have flat area on top 10 ft x
14 ft., then sloping away to a collar beam, ani finally sloping to
the eaves: The whole shall be covered with tin, and varnished with
esphaltum to prevent rusting.

Poof of Ice House.

Shall be a Hip roof suprorted in about tiie Same way as the
South wing. All ridges shall be capped vith ornamental ridrzte cap-
ping, made of Galvanized iron, and at the veaks shall terminate
in a raised triangular print.

Eave troughs.

Shall be made V shape, galvanized iron, and set in the lower
edpe of roof. (See secticn detail No. 5)

Conductor pires.

These shall be made square, and made of fluted ralvanized
iron, located as shoywn on elev:tion.
Porte-cochere.

This structure is attached to the front of the building for
eonvenience in driving under and for protection from the weather.
It shall be squ2re in plan, supported by two stone foundation
Pillars 1 ft. squere at the top, uron these shell be placed two
wooden posts turned © inches in dia. with flat surfaces at top

and bottom, which suprort the outer portion of ti:e roof, the re-
135.

mainder being supported by two 4" x 6" scantling: 4 ft. lonz, se-
curely bolted to the brick wall. The roof shall be a pyr2midal
Hip supported and finished same as the roof of the winzss.
Ventilator Cupola.

The cupola shall be huilt at tne top of the ventilator shaft
(See plans) of pine, 31/2 ft. square in vlan, 4 feet in heizht to
cover a 60° roof. The sides snall be rrovided with two rows of
Slats each, separated by a 4 inch strip, thus allowing a free cir-
culation of air. The sides below the slats siall slightly curve
out until meetins the roof. The roof shall be covered with sl2tes
a little smaller than those on main rocfs.
Openinss. Windows.

In the foundation wall shall be 17 openings for windo:s, each
21/2 ft. x 3 ft. and slightly rounding at top, radius of ai /2 ft.
Fach of these openinzs shall have a gray sand stone sill 3 feet
long, 8 inches wide and 5 inches thiek on inside, sloping to outer
edre, which shall be 4 inches thick, making a slope of 1 inch.
Fach opening shall have a sash made of 2" x 12" white pine» paint-
ed black, and flush with inside of wall. The window frames shall
be made of white pine painted black, and mlazei with a food
quality of slass, two ranes to the windows, and each pane 15° /4 "x
27" Special Cut. They shall have a lateral swing from center

for opening. (Also large door from rorch).
14.

The foundation wall of ice house shall have an orenins 1} /2 Pt.
Square, Opening into the cold storafe room; the windows shall he
Pinished same as the others, except it shall swing vertically
from two hinres cn the edge.

In the rear wall there shall be an opening 4 ft. x 7 ft. for
a basement door; the doors shall be double, made of white nine,
ranneled, and finished in natural wood and hard oil. The two
upper panels of doors shall be slazed.

In the first floor wall there shall be 17 openings for win-
dows, each 3 ft. x 7 ft.; with gray sand stone sill, each gl /2 ft.
x 8&8" x 5" with a bevel of 1/2 inch along center to within 5 inches
of the ends. The window sashes on outside shall be painted gry,
and a hard oil finish on the inside; the frames to be rainted
black outside and hard oil finish on inside. There shall also be
an opening in the front wall, 4 ft. x 7 ft. with rounding top, for
double doors of the entrance, and anotner 21/2 ft. x 5 ft. for
sliding door to receiving room. These openings shall be furnish-
ed with stone sills same as windows, only longer; the doors shall
be made cf Norway pine, paneled, and finished in natural wood ana
nard oil.

In the second floor wall there snall be ll openings, 5 ft. x’
7 ft. with rounding tops, radius i1/2 ft. These windows shall be

finished the same as those of the first floor. Over and econnect-
15.

ing each window, snall he a pray stone frieze, as seen in tie ele-

t

vations. In the office ving there snall be 4 openings, 3 ft. x

4 ft. with rounding tons, radius 11/2 ft. and surmounted *y a
stone ean G6" thick. In the thiri floor wall there shall he

an ov ening in each fable, 3 ft. x 5 ft. with roundins ton, yi/e ft.
radius.

Porches and Steps.

There shall be two rorches to this puildine: the one to the
main entrance shall be simply a platform 5 ft. x 7 ft... From this
veranda to the ground shell be a flirzht of steps, (See first floor
plan) each step to be &" high x 12" wide, and built of 2" oak
stuff.

The poreh to basement entrance shall be built into the main
wall and of the same materials, and covered with a pyramidal rocf,
elso covered with slate. This porch shall have an opening in the
Front side for entrance, 4 ft. x 7 ft. and rounding at the ton,
radius of ° ft.

In the South side shall be an opening 4 ft. above fround, and
2 ft. x 4 ft. also roundinzs at the tops, radius of 1 ft. The
floor of this porch s::all be made of fleg stone, slightly raised
above ground, with a stone step to it, on the outside.

In the rear of the building, there shall be a flight of stone
steps to the basement. The width of the flipht shall be 6 ft.
16é..

and each step shall be 10" wide and 8" high. On three sides of
this orening, and laid on the wall of said opening, shall be a
gray stone coping, 1 ft. wide and 4" thick.

There shall also be two viatforms, one under the porte-co-
chere, 5 ft. x 6 ft. for receiving the milk cans from the wapfons.
It shall be supported by two 3" TI heams cementei into the brick
wall. The other platform shall be fixed to the N. gide of ice
house and 4 ft. x 5 ft.; it shall be suprorted same as the one
under the porte-cochere.

Tnterior.
Pasement.

The entire floor of the b=sement, exclusive of the ic? house
shall have a cement floor with a smoothly finished surface, thus
allowins flowing water to pass over witnout any ill effect:, ani
for conveniences in keepins clean. Running lengtnwise of the Plomr
of the separating and churning room, shall be a trough of cement;
slonving slightly to the South to allow the water wich is almost
constantly passing over this floor, to pass off.

In each room of the basement, with the exception of the sep-
arating and churning rooms, the brick walls stall be smoothed ani
whitewashed down to the floor; this gives a clean appeszrance and
the whitewash tends to purify. In the separating and churning

rooms, if the cost is not objected to, the walls may have a wain-
17.

scoting of zlazed tiles, to a heizht of 5 feet, and the brick valls
smoothed and whitewashed above the tilin-.

Separatin= the Test room and the Corridor from the Ritter
room. shall be a l foot brick partition; and separating the ward-
robe and Lavatory shall be a rartition of “orwsv pine, supported
from the floor by 3/4" iron hars, 8" lons. The Lavatory Shall bs
furnished with the necessary conveniences as shown on the plan.

Separatins the churning and separatins rooms shall be a plass
partition, suprorted upon a 4 ft. freme rartition, and this again
separated from the floor by 3/4" iron bars, 6" long.

The ventilator shaft, shown on plan, shall extend from base-
ment to roof, and shall be constructed of two courses of brick.

“ll doors of this and tne two other floors shall be made of
“orway pine, paneled and finished in natural wood and hard oil,
and of the dimensions indicated on the drawings. The ceiling
of the basement shall consist of the floorins anid floor beams of
the first story, well whitewashed. Fxtending lensthwise of the
Separator room, or from East to West shall be a line shaft» sup-
ported at each end by sockets set in the brick wall, and held
from above by brackets 11/2 feet in length. This shaft shall have
the necessary pulley wheels to run, two rows of separators, and

one row of churns, unless this arrangement shall be chansed.
18.

First Story.

The floor of this story shall be made of 2" pine boards,
covered with an inch coating of smoothly finisned ernment, to vre-
vent warping when not in use, and the whole supported by 10" x
19" beams, the ends of which siall rest on the basement walls.

‘ll of the brick wall of this floor shall be smoothed and
Painted white, witn the exception of the office which shall be
plastered, witn a baseboari 1 foot wide extending around the
room, and the Cheese room, which shall have a wainscoting of white
glazed tile, 4 ft. high, same as in the butter room. The parti-
tions of this floor Shall be ahout 6" thick: depending unon the
finish in the different rooms.

The walls of the Wash room shall be sealed with " matched

3" wide
stuff, and covered with ‘‘arine Varnish so 2s to make them imrer-
vious to water. The walls of tne corridor shall be plastered,
and shall have a wainscoting 3 ft. hizh all around.

Along py Bneutar i of the wash room, shall be a sink 4 ft.
long, 2 ft. wide and 1 Ft. deep for washing cans and utensils: a
draining bench, having same length and width as the sink; and a
steam jet for drying the cans and utensils, arranged in the order

as mentioned. In the front rart of the wash room and adjoining

the vnorte-cochere, shall be a small receivins room with a floor on

a level with the exterior platform: this room shall he separated
19.

from the vash room by 1" pine nrartitions, anid provided with two
Swinging doors, as shown on the plan. This room is for the scales
and receiving can. The ceiling o” this story, with the exception
of the office, which shall be plastered, shall be the finishei
boards of the seconi floor of the second story-

Second 8tory:-

The floor of this story snall he made of inch matched stuff,
and placed on this, hard wood flooring. The floor of the lecture
room shall be supvorted by two 15" T beams extendins across the
room, and these beams supported by two iron columns, with their
resting on tne first floor.

All the brick walls of this story, with the exception of the
all, wnich shall be plastered, shall he smoothed off and painted
with white lead. All frame partitions shall be plastered, and
have a wainscoting 3 ft. high, of white pine, finished in natural
wood and hard oil. The Lecture room snall he provided with the
necessary seats and black boards, the latter to be of slate. The
ceiling of this story shall be the same as that of the first story.
Attic: -

“he floor of the attic shall have a floor of matched inch
stuff, and supported the same as the floor of the Second story.
The attic shall be finished only in rough.

rlevator:

This building shall be provided with an elevator the same as
20.

that of the agricultural laboratory, only tnis to be 5 ft. x 5 Ft.
*t shall run ‘rom the basement to the second story, and shall have
all of the working mechanism at tie top of the second story» anid
extending as much as nossible into tue attic.

“talrwavs.

The students entrance to this building shall be by the porch
on the “outh Yast of building; from the porch they pass through
double doors to a platform or landinz, 4 ft. above the »baserent
floor, and 5 ft. below the first floor. From this landing a
flight of steps, opvosite the doors, passes down to the basement
Ploor, and on the risht of the landing from entrance, a flisht of
stairs ascends to the first floor. (See on Pasement Plan)

From the first floor a flight of steps,directly above stort
flizht in basement, ascends to another landing, 4 ft. above first
flocr, and 7 ft. below second floor; this landing serves as the
feiling for the landing in the basement. To the left of this
landing, ascendins another flifht passes up to the second floor.
(See --> on lst. Floor Plan) The wall indicated by a.a: shall be
left out making the stairway oven. Tne stairway on the second
floor shall all open with a balustrade around it. (See 2nd. “loor
Plan)

The entire flirht of stairs from the basement to the second

floor shall be made of white oak, and the balustrajes shall be
21.

made of the same material with a design similar to those in the
Potanical laboratory.
Pluming, Draining & Heating:

This buildings must be exceptionally well drained because of
the character of it. The tile drainage, sewerage system, and ver
tilation of lavatory must be left to the expert who is more capable
of snecifying this work than the student. “he water shall be vip-
ed from the collere plant. The bhuildins shall be heated hy steam,

end this also supplied from the collere plant.

“"3scellaneous.
Handling the milk.

The milk as it enters the buildirrs from the wagons, is re-
ceived in a Way-can upon a pair of scales and weighed; the way-can
and scales rest upon a platform 2 ft. above the floor, making the
bottom of way-can 21/2 ft. above the floor. The milk is conducted
through jointed tin pipes, by gravity to a large receiving vat in
the “heese room; the top of this vat must not be more than 2 ft.
above the floor, as it would then interfere with the flow of the
milk. From this receiving vat, the milk may be drawn off into
smaller vats for use in the Cheese room, or else riped directly
down into a heatin=~ tank in the Putter room, the bottom of this

tank shall be 6 ft. above the floor so that the milk may flow from
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it into the separetors. The flow from the receivinz vat dow into
the heater, may be refulated by stop corks. From the separators
the cream and skim-milk may flow into their vats respectively.

‘11 pipes cerrying milk must *e kept clean by tihorouschly
washing and scalding then.

The system of conductin=- the milk from the “fay-can to its
terminus is called the Cravity system, and by using it, the
expense of pumping the milk from the way-can into the heating
tank, is done away with.

In the Putter and “heese rooms, it will be necesszry to have
a number of shelves for convenience in keepins the dairy utensils
when not in use. Py far, the neatest and best shelves are of
‘stone or slate, 2 ft. wide, raised on stout iron roids about 2 ft.
from the cement floor, and as many tiers high as necessary.

Owins to the writer's lack of knowledge of the cost of the
various hbuildinr materials, and the labor necessary to construct
such a building, he is unable to make an accurate estimate of the
cost of the structure. “ut by a very rough estimate, he would

consider the cost not to exceed “14000.

Finis.
 

 

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