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PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record.
TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due.
MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested.

 

 

DATE DUE | DATE DUE DATE DUE
JUN Q
5 Poot. ee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1100 c/CIRC/DateDue.p65-p.14

 

Ba eee ee.
TILE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

FOR THE

FARM OF 7. 0. BRAINERD.

THESIS

We Ke. BRAINERD,
MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

1899.
oo w
oy j

THESIS
TILE DRAINAGH SYSTEM FOR Ti FARM OF F. 0. BRAINERD.

Surveyed and designed by ¥. %. Brainerd.

The farm on which this drainage system is located
is owned by F. 0. Brainerd, aii is deseribed as follows:
The E.4 of the S.W. 14 of Sec. 15, township of Brady,
county of Saginaw, State of Michiran. It is located in
a section of the State which is comparatively new, tile
drains not being used to anv ereat extent oxcept for
large drains. The soil varies from a clay, to a sand
loam, aid is admirably adapted for farming purposes;
but sivfrers greatly from the etfect of water in tne wet
season.

The system as designed is not intended to thoroughly
drain the iand, as mivht be profitable in a very inten-
Sive system of farming, but will be efrective so far as
a consideration of expense will make practicable.

The work of surveying and leveling was done during
the spring vacation of the year 1888-9, The first proplenm
attempted was a survey of the plot with the view of
computing the area of the plot aid ocotainins data for

WwW. Ltoed ehh

a “dy Fhe Cond Leo enon From a recent survey of the section
rom nonanond wnents ‘Vert byt. by hin, the corners of the farm

and
were easily located. ™hs survey was begun from the south-

west corner of the farm: which is merked by a long stone

94113
sxtending about two fest below tne surface. aA jire
Stone uar’s the southeast corner, while the north-east
and north-west corners are marked by white oak posts
“hout 4 or 5&5 inches squars.e The south-west cormsr was
designated as station A, the south-east corner as
Station B, the north-east corner as station ©, and the
north-west corner as station De. Hach boundary line was
measured and all cross fences and water way referenced.
Fyrom the data obtained from this srvey the buildings,
fences, and the creek crossins the north-east corner of
the farm were plated on the seaio of 1 ineh to 128 fest
on the accompanying toposraphiecal map.

The work of leveling in order to locate contours
on this map, conprised the determination of the eleva—
tions at 104 points on tho farm; chosen with references
to irregularities of tres surfacs. A prinary bench mark
was chosen on the south-east corner of the sast stoop
of the house, and was ziarkod by a cross. Tre work of
leveling then proceeded with frequent checks and
temporary bench marks. From tre data ortained in this
way the contours wera dravn.

From the position and direction of these cortours,
and a consideration of the character of the soil of dif-
ferent portions of the farm, the drainire system was
desirned. It is evident that the crsek crossing the
north—-sast corner of the plot mst te the outlet. From

a study of the contours, it will be seen that the main
CQ

arain may ne placod in one of two places, and a food

even frade ortsined in eitrer positione It misht te
placed on the east side of the “arm about 20-30 rods

from the line, or in the position chosen. Tre reasons
far tre choice ars that the soil of the south-west pom
tion of thre farm contains a larse amount of clay and

is more effected by water than is the east portion of the
farm, and by placins the main drain in this wey it will
more directly reach this portion.

Tre main drain as plated on the topographical map,
ani of which trere is an accompanying profile/ was laid
out on the sround, using stations 109 feot apart.

The drain designed +o drain the north-west part of
the farm. will not be neoatd mut will be necessary
when this portion of the farm comes into cultivation.

in consideration as to what size of tile to use,
the following computations were madee On the main line,
the area to be drained is about 40 acres, =stimating
that 1 inch of water will fall in 24 hours, trere will
fall an 40 A, in 24 hours 14520 cubic feet of water.

As much of this water will be held in the soil it will
be necessary tiat xbout 1/2 this amount be carried off
by tho drain in 24 hours, or 7.2600 cubic fect.

in estimating the amount of water tret a riven size
of tile will earry off, by Ponlecet's formula .we have

as follows:
V= as ( DXH )
“I-54 D

V= 48 (52% 66 )
BBOOT FUB4 X45)

doles

tol

(by suostitution )
Uz 2.05 ft. ver sec.

2D =< o
B/LZ X5/12 X ~ = 9 - fte= Area of CYross,S@Ctio:

ena Xx “.06 = 4.128 cu. ft. Amount discharsed in 1 sec,

1.12 X60 X 60X 24= g55e8 - Amount discharsed by

10" tile in one day. it will be seen that a 10 inch
tile wiil be ample. By a like computation it can be
shown that an 8 inch tile will not meet the demand.
AS there is no intermediate size on the market a 10
inch tile would be used.

Hodgman, in his hook on land surveying, fives tables
which will vorify these results.

The following is an estimation of the cost of tile
ta:on Prom the price list of Clippert and Spaulding,

of Lansing, Michigan.

No.1 No.8 Noel No.2

2500 10" tile per thou. $80.00 $40.00 200.00 $100.9°
2'750 4" 18.96 10.00 49.50 27.50
563 ge 8 . 4 15.00 7.60 8.44 4.22
20608 23" " n 8 9.00 5.00 185.47 103.94

Totale - = $443.41 90340 it
Tre eost of Layine the drain, silt basins and outlets,
based wupon"Varing's nook on Drainage for Profit"will be

as follows:

Disging 1601 mis of ditch,@43¢ par rds 4683.43

 

Cradine 1601 mis. @ CF pr Td.s 98.06
Layin~, covering, and filling,

1601 rds. @ 10¢ per mMe- : 160.10

$944.59

For outlets, silt basins, otc. 60.00

PLO ote DO
Total eost of system -

Using No. 1 tiles- - - - $443.51

Labor- --------- 1004.59

| ‘otal €1448. 00

Usine No. 2 tiles- —-- - 234.76

Labor- --------- 1004.69

; Total— —$1239. 35

'

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