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THESIS

HARRY HENDERSON.

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Agrioultural Collage,

Michi gan.

May, 30, 19C2.
-1<
Variations in Radish Types.

The ¢ jeot of this work is to determine if radishes
show deviations or variations in their shape.

Some sixty four varieties of the radishes were use,
They wepe received from Burpee, Henderson, Landreth,
Deeer & Ferry: ‘and are listed and described here in,
These were divided into groups According to shape, as:
Turnips, Olivea, Half-longs, and longs. ' They were plant-
ed in a bench, forty feet long, three feet wide, and
six inches deep filled with a rich clay loam. The first.
two groups were planted, two rows for each variety,four
inches between the rows and plants thinned out to two
inches. The last two groups were planted, one row to each
variety, five inches between rows and plants thinned out
to two inches.

Drawings were made from each variety fron time of ap-
pearance of first character leaf to maturity, about one.
week intervening between drawings, These were inked,
especial care being taken with roots, at the expence of
the tops, perhaps, but the result has been fairly suc-
cessful.

The results have been good as shown by the table and
drawings, only four or five failed utterly. The rest

were satisfactory and the radishes for the greater number

404155
-2-
had but a small percentage of variation. The drawings
and tables will tell the rest.

No.1. UGendreth's earliest.

The earliest sort, red, leaves exceedingly small.
A sort well adapted for forcing under glass.

Did very poorly, none coming to maturity and only
ten seeds gerninating.

No. 2. Rapid forcing from Henderson's.

Resewbles white tipped scarlet turnip except it
is smaller and crows more quickly. Good for forcing.

White t.s. forcing. Medium size, uniform shape,
color bright scarlet sharply contrasted with white tips,
grows quiculy..

No.3. Burpee's earliest scarlet button.

This sort was introduced in 1397.- Finest strain
Gf small, very early, round, skia bright scarlet ,flesb
pure white, crisp, tender and mild in flavor. Small
quantity of top. Well suited for growing under glass.

No. 4. Red Forcing. GH.
One of the earliest. Color bright red, roct round
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tops very small, very mild flavor.

fo. 5: Barly deep scarlet Turnip forcing. F.

Has as snall a top and is as early as any variety
in cultivation. One of the best for forcing. May be
bad in three weeks. Roots small globular, deep rich in
color: flesh white, crisp and tender when young. May be
Planted closely owing to small tops.

No. 6. Extra early scarlet turnip. 8.
Very 2.uick growth, small round roots of rich

dark scarlet.

No. 7. Earliest scarlet erfurt turnip. L.

Among the quickest waturing of red turnip radishes.
Small root and small top. An excellent forcing variety.

No. 9. Early scarlet turnip. F..
Small ved round turnip with small top. Very guick
growth. Rich color and crisp tender flesh. Desirable

for forcing or out door planting.

No. 9. Early deep scarlet turnip. L.

Rich color, smooth skin. See variety No. 5(
o-4 .
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-~4-
No. 10. Barly round deep scarlet. fF.
Similar ion form to No. 8, but darxer ia color.
Flesh white and very crisp and tender, top small. Well
adapted for growing in franes.

No. 11. Barly round dark soarlet. 5B.

Small round roots of very quick growth: color
deep bright scarlet.

No. 12. Dark Red Ball. 8B.
Deep scarlet turnip foreing radish, quick growing.

No. 13. Barly scarlet Prussian globe. tL.
Smell leaved variety well adapted for forcing
under glass. Root round, carmine, very attractive for

forcing.

No. 14. New Triumph. 3B.
Extra early spring or forcing variety of dis-
tinct coloring. Small round white scarlet striped, fine

crisp flavor. -:

No. 15. Triumph. dg.
Globe shaped, solid, crisp and tender, rapid
* 6

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~5
growth very early. Outside color white splashed with

scarlet. A most attractive variety.

No. 16. Triumph scarlet striped forcing. B.
A good forcing variety. The roots are about the
size and shape of Scarlet turnip white tipped forcing,
(No. 22.\ Creamy whit: beautifully marked with spots and
stripes of scarlst. The tops are small. The roots
mature as early as any in cultivation. Desirable for

its beauty, earliness and good quality.

No. 17 Early garnet turnip rooted. L..

Earliest red rooted radish. Earliness io maturity,
for table use suarpassiag any other red sort. Rich red
color unsurpassed by any other variety. In form it is
turnip shaped. In size and form similar to the Early
Scarlet. The leaves very short and small, fit for fore-

ing in glass house or frane.

No. 18. Extra Early (ruby pearl). B.

A very small handsome variety, quick growth. Very
bright red skin with distinct white tip. Flesh crisp
and mildly pungent. An exceptionally attractive variety
us
§-

in appearance and well suited for forcing unier glass.

No. 19. Extra early white tipped forcing. L..
Maturing for table two days ahead of White tipped

scarlet.

No. 20. White tipped scarlet ball. 8B.
A saall round turnip shaped radish of bright scar-
let; clear whit tip. It grows quickly.

No. 21. White tipped scarlet ges. Ds

Excellent for forcing, short leaves , bright scar-

let with white tip.

No. 22. Karly scarlet turaip white tipped forcing.fF.
Beautiful variety deep scarlet with a white tip.
As early as Non plus ultra, (see No. 5(). Haa a small
top and may be planted as closely, is more attractive
in appearance. Cannot fail to satisfaction as a foroe-
ing radish. Sold also as (23) and Rapid fore-
lag No. 2.

No. 23. Searlet turnip white tip. 38.
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see No. 22.

This is the standard early white variety for
growing under glass to produce the small "Cherry Stone"
radishes. Roots round bright scerlet with distinct white
tips and crisp snowy whit flesh.

No. 24. Golden Dreadon. 8.
An early small round variety having rich golden
skin. Slightly later than the scarlet varieties.

No. 254 Early white turnip rooted. fF.

A little flétter than the Scarlet turnip rooted
No. 8. and pure white in color. Very small top, white
seni-transparent flesh and is slightly later than scar-
let turnip, but will stand more heat and remain longes

in condition for use.

No. 26. Large White Globe. 8.

Roots two inchea in diameter, skin smooth creamy
white. with crisp mild white flesh. Will stand for sone:
time after reaching full size without becoming pithy
or ruoning to seed.

No. 27. Philadelphia white Box. B.
3 -
Early variety. Roots one and one helf inches in
diameter, pure paper white siin, crisp mild flesh. Runs
quickly to seed. Planted for earliest market.

No. 28. Burlington Forcing. L.
Flat to ovoid, white very quick grower, superior
for growing under glass or growing in the open garden.

No. 29. Dvreer's crystal Forcing. OD.

Desirable and shapely redish. Superior to any
other white forcing radish. Quick growth and aild fla-
vor. Tops remarxeble s#all enough to alow of easy tying
ion bunches. Can be grown satisfactorly in open ground
making it a desirable variety for home garden as well
as a desirable sort for market gardeners to grow. Com-
pared with White Box Round, White forcing etc. it is

far superior in every wag.

No. 30. New Leafless. 35.

A'new variety of most distinct growth, the leaves
being very small, heavy, rough and crumpled. Roots
bri ght scarlet and small, one half to three fourths
inch ia diameter. Not quite as early as scarlet button

(No. 3.), but on aecount of small top can be grown more.
closely tozether.

No. 31: Red Rocket. 4H.
Long oval bright red good flavor. Small top
which permits close planting. Flesh crisp and of good

flavor.

No. 32. Deep scarlet Olive sdaped. L.
A showy half long variety.

No. 33. Olive shaped scarlet. #H.
Very useful. Bright color, flesh is crisp and ten-
der. A great favorite. Grows quickly.

No. 34. Early scarlet Olive shaped. F.
In form of an olive terminating in a very slim
tap root. Stem scarlet, neck small, flesh rose colored.

tender and exzéetlent. Early and well adapted for forc-

or general crop.

No. 35¢ Olive shaped short leaved. F.
Differs from No. 34'in being deeper in color, term-
inating more abruptly at tip, maturing a little earlier

and having fewer and shorter leaves. Sood for forcing.
-10-

No. 36. Early carmine olive shaped. 8B.

Deep rich red oval crisp flesh. Medium top and
a good variety.

No. 37. Scarlet olive shape. 8B.

No. 38. Early oval dark red. B.
Oval dark red. Root tapers to & long tap root,
Good variety.

No. 39. Cardinal Globe. D.

Globular in shape, brilliant cardinal red color.
It is a quick forcer and quality is fine, crisp and.
tender. By far the best for forcing and does best in
open grouad.

Wo. 40. Barly scarlet globe. F.

The variety sakes roots fit to pull as early as
No. 54 but are much larger when full size. Roots round
or slightly olive shaped. Color rich deep scarlet,
flesh white anh tender.

No. 41; White tipped rocket. #8.
Brilliant scarlet with white tips, flavor delic-
-l1I-
ious. Superior to French Breakfast because it is

earlier.

No. 42. Freoch ca Le
Skin brilliant scarlet, flesh white and crisp.
Very choice. Matures quickly, two inches long.

No. 43. New bright breekfast. 5B.

Similar to French breakfast, but is of even quick-
er growth while the carmine color is replaced by bri ght-
est scarlet which contrasts finely with the thite tip.

No. 44. French breakfast. fF.

A medium sized radish, olive shaped, small tops,
of quick growth, very crisp and tender of a beattiful
scarlet color except near the tip whioh is pure white.
A spleadid variety for the table on account of its ex-
cellent quality and its beautiful color.

No. 45: Early white olive shape. fF.
Like No. 3%, scarlet olive shaped except that roots

are clear white and a little longer.

No. 47: Half long deeo scarlet. 8.
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Very popular in New Orleans market radishes. —
Large and most brilliant scarlet coloring. Flesh

purest white crisp and juicy.

No. 48. Half long deep scarlet. F.
A good half long red and crisp tender flesh.

No. 49. Half long deep scarlet. L.
A variety half the leagth of long scarlet and of

same form. Matures eerly..

No. 50. Wonderful half long. L.
Red, rapid in growth. About three inches long

contracting from a broad shoulder to a sharp point, very

synetrical and uniform in shape. Color a bright scarlet.

No. 6&3: Landreth’s white lady finger.
Early maturity. A large white crisp variety
about half as long as Long scarlet and similar in shape.

A very desirable sort.

No. 52. White delicacy. D.
An improvement on the white Strassburg, being

earlier more evenly shaped and smaller tap, grows into
=
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-13-
full size and perfect shape during the hot weather for
out door early fall sowing it is sure to make a crop
of uniform white radishes which are in quality first

class. A profitable market gardeners sort.

No. 53. Woods early F.

This is nst only a good variety for forcing, be-
ing shorter aod thicker than the old long scarlet
short tap, but is one of the very best for first orof

out of doors.

No. 54. Long cardinal. 8B.
This is similar in growth and season to the
Of equally large size fine quality, but the.
rosy carmine coloring is replaced by a bright deep scar-

let. Crisp tender radish grows quickly.

No. 55. Early long scarlet tip improved. F.

The small topped sort is about six inches long,
grows half out of the ground and is a standard and ex-
cellent sort either for private garden or market use.
Roots very uniform in size, smooth and very bright red

in color. Flesh white and crisp.
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~14-
No. 56. Market gardeners early long scarlet. tL.
Longer than scarlet olive and shorter than old

long scarlet. An sdmirable long variety for forcing.

No. 57. Cincinnati market. B.
A'slow growing long. Good radish. Fair flesh.

No. 58. Cincinnati marxet. D.
| A new extra early variety of the long scarlet

type of a clear bright red color.

No. 59. Long brightest scarlet white tipvoed. L.
A half long with white point. Very early, color
a bright scarlet almost unezampled in beseuty.

No. 60. Long brightest scarlet white tipped. F.
See No. §9,
This is the brightest handsosmest colored scarlet

radish known and a decided izprovement in earliness and
color over other varieties of this class. Early mat-

uriog.

No. 61. Improved

Although this American variety is too strong a
~154
grower to be used for forcing it is one of the very
best for sowing out of doors. Root s are usually very
early, remaining hard and crisp until they reach a dian-
eter of an inch ors more and so f¥rnish good roots for
a much longer time than many.. Roots scarlet rose above
shading into white at the tip. Long cylindrical for
the upper two thirds and then gradually taper to the tip.
Flesh white mild and crisp.

No. 62.White Cartier. D.
Beautiful long white radish. Good summer radish
matures in six or seven weeks and is of nild flavor,

tips are small. Desirable for market gardeners to grow.

No. 63. Long white F.
Long slender smooth white root. Crisp and tender

flesh.: Good summer sort.

No. 64: New white icicle. 8B.
No good in this experiment. Small and a slow grow-
No.

Ss
4.
2 6

7.

8.

9.

10.
11.
12:
13.
14:
15¢
16.

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

-16-

Variation in shape.

Failure.
100% True.
100% True.
100% True.
100% True.
100% True.
Failure.
100% True.
Failure.
100% True,
100% True.
On varied.
100% True.
9% varied.
9% varied.
15% varied, ran to
olive shape.
varied.
varied
varied.
varied.

5%
O%
9%
3%
100% true.

Noe
22.

23.

24.
25 C
26.
27.
23.
29.
30.

SL:
32 6
SD 6
346
Jo 6
36.
37.
3B.
39.
40.
al:

100% true.

6% varied, rand to

olive shape.

100% true.

100% true.

60% true.

12% true.

12% varied.

3% varied.

18% varied, ran to
turnip shape.

6% varied.
15% varied.
18% varied.
100% true.

9% varied.

9% varied.

18% varied, ran to round.
100% true.

18% varied.
15% varied.

100% true.
No.
42.
43.
444
454
46.
AT.
48.
49.
50.
51:
52:
53.

Red.

-|17-

No.
15% varied. 54: 100% true.
6% varied. 55: 18% varied.
18% varied. 56. 100% true.
30% varied. 57: 100% true.
0% varied. 58; 17% varied.
6% varied. 59. 100% true.
12% varied. 60. 100% true.
6% varied. 6r. 100% true.
100% true. 62. 100% true.
4% varied. 63. 100% true.
24% varied. 64; 100% true.

12% varied.

—

Radishes (1--29 inclusive are turnips.
f a

(30--48 " " olives.

(47—52: " " half-long.

(53 -~3 4 " " long.
Varieties.

(1. Landreth's eariiest.

(2. Rapid forcing from Henderson.

(3. Burpee’s earliest scarlet button.
(4; Rapid forcing from Henderson.

(5¢ Early deep scarlet turnip forcing from Ferry.
Gold brown.({(24:

White.

Red.

(25 ¢
(26.
(27.
(28.
(29.
SO.

(31.

(32.
(33.
(54.
(35 ¢
(36.

(37.
(38.
(39.
(40.

White tipped.

(41;
(42.
(435.
(44.

-19-

Golden Dtesdon from Burpee.

Early white turnip rooted from Ferry.
Large white globe from Burpee.
Philadelphia white box from Burpee.
Burlington forcing from Landreth.
Dreers crystal forcing from Dreer.
New leafless from Burpee.

Red Rocket radish from Henderson.
Deep scarlet olive shaped from Landreth.
Olive shaped scarlet from Henderson.
Early scarlet olive shaped from Ferry.
Olive shaped short leaved from Ferry.
Earliest carmine olive shaped from
Bur pee.

Scarlet olive shaped from Burpee.
Early oval deep red from Burpee.
Cardinal globe from Dreer.

Early scarlet globe from ferry.

White tipped rocket from Henderson. -
French cap' from Landreth.
New bright breakfast from Burpee.

French breakfast from Ferry.
Red

continued.

Garnet

White
tipped.

-18-

(6. Extra early scarlet,turnip from Burpee.

(7: Earliest scarlet erfurt turnip from
Landreth.

(8. Early scarlet, turnip rooted from Ferry.

(9. Early deep scarlet turnip frmo Landreth.

(10. Early round deep scarlet from Ferry.

(11. Early round dark red from Burpee.

(12. Dark red ball from Burpee.

(13. Early scarlet Prussian Globe fron
Landreth.

(14; New triumph from Burpee.

(15% Teiumph from Henderson.

18. Triumph scarlet striped forcing form
Ferry.

(17. Early garnet turnip rooted from
Landreth.

(18. Extra early (ruby pearl) from Burpee.

(19. Extra early white tipped forcing from
Landreth.

(20. White tipped scarlet ball from Burpee.

White tipped(21l. White tipped scarlet gem from Dieer..

(22. Early scarlet turnip white tipped forc-
ing fpom Ferry.

(23. Scarlet turnip white tip from Burpee.
White.

Red.

White.

Red

White
tipped.

White.

~20-
(45. Early white olive shaped from Henderson.
(48. New forcing earliest white from Burpee.
(AT. Half long deep scarlet from Burpee.
(48. Half long deep scarlet from Ferry.
49. Half long deep scarlet from Landreth.
(50. Wonderful half long from Landreth.
(51. Landreth's white lady finger.
(52. White delicacy from Dreer.
(53. Wood's early frame from Ferry.
(54: Long cardinal from Burpee.
(53. Early long scarlet short top improved
from Ferry.
(56. Market gardener's early long scarlet from
Landreth.

(57. Cincinnati market from Burpee.

(58. Cincinnati market from Bteer..

(59. Long brightest scarlet white tippad from
Landreth.

(60. Long brightest scarlet white tipped from
Ferry.

(61: Improved chartier or shepard from Ferry.

 
-20-
White (62. White chartier from Dreer.
Tipped.
White. (63. Long white vienna from Ferry.

(64: New white icicle from Burpee.

 
 

 
 

 
 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 
 
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