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Adsdeeeemeece ~

 

 
A Sanitary Survey of the Grand River

A Thesis Submitted to
The Faculty of

MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

By
C. Be Milroy | C. Ee Thompson

Candidates for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science

June, 1916
INTRODUCTION

The problem which confronts the sanitary engineers of
today is the removal of the waste products which accompany
all living processes, in order to guard against the spread
of epidemics which always threaten crowded communities.

Questions of public health have appeared in such great
number, of such manifold wariety and dominant importance
that State and Federal supervision have been found necessary,
whence have arisen Dairy and Food commissions as well as
Boards of Health.

The removal of a city's wastes is one of the most diffi-
cult problems which confronts a mung}oipality of today.

A river of waste material flows from every large city, which
pollutes streams, harbors, and sea shores, damaging prop=
erty and spoiling pleasure-spots, and also threatening
human life and health.

The most common method of disposal is to discharge the
sewage directly into some flowing stream, or other bodyof
water- This is called “Disposal by Dilution® and is the
cheapest method of disposal since it does not require the
purchase of land and needs no oare to regulate its working.

By this method the waste material will be carried away
from the tributory area, but it may be deposited in proxe
imity to some other community, on banks or shores, or may
be retained by dams, thus creating a nuisance; may render

unfit for drinking, household or manufacturing purposes,
402974
water which otherwise could be so used.

There are some conditions under which disposal by dilue
tion is much less objectionable than is generally the case.
In nearly all cases the liquid wastes from our cities must
be discharged, either in their crude condition or after
tpeatment, into some body of water- The degree of treatment
mast be determined by the local conditions. In some cases
no treatment may be necessary other than what is afforded
by the natural purification agencies- Under what conditions
and to what extent a water receiving sewage will purify
itself is a question which has received less attention than
have methods of treating sewage; although it is by far the
most common method of disposal. |

Many different opinions are expressed in discussing the
problem of the pollution of water ways- Some speak of the
absolute prevention of pollution as though it were possible,
while it is held by others that the stream should receive
the unrestricted discharge of sewage from urban communities.
Between these two extremes lies the logical position held
by students of the problem whose professional training and
experience permits them to properly decide this question.
This latter position consists in the control of pollution,
using the streams wherever it is possible without danger
to the public health.

Some states have lawe controlling the pollution of its

rivers, streams and lakes.
ee

 

 
The Water and Sewage Law of the State of Michigan provides

for the supervisory control over public water supplies and

over the discharge of sewage into the waters of the State,

by the State Board of Health. This law outlines the duties

of both the Board and the Municipality: No power is granted
in this act * to prevent any municipality now disposing of

its sewage into any river, from continuing to do so “.

In this connection, the Michigan Supreme Court handed
down a decision in the Grand Rapids stream pollution case,
May 28th, 1913 as follows: |

"This was a proceeding in equity to declare and to
ebate and restrain a public nuisance claimed to result from
the discharge of sewage and night soil from the city of
Grand Rapids into the Grand River. The decision declares
that the acts complained of do create a nuisance below the
city, and that the continuing or creating of that nuisance
may properly be restrained by injunction, and that the
Attorney General is a proper complainant".

"This decision is based upon the doctrine of riparian
ownership, and not primarily upon consideration of public
health such as form the broad foundation of sewage law.
The right of the city, as the riparian proprietor, to make
reasonable use of the water of the river for the purpose
of carrying away the sewage in an unreasonable manner, or
in such a way as to destroy the usefulness of the river to
the lower riparian proprietors or to impair their rights
or to unreasonably increase their burdens, is as clearly

defined.
Thus the question of what reasonable or unreasonable use of
a stream is a question of fact,to be determined as other
facts are determined.

In order that these facts may be determined, it is nec-
essary to make a thorough investigation and study of the
stream in question. Such investigations amd studies have
been termed * Sanitary Surveys ".

The city of Jackson disposes of part of its sewage
through a septic tank and cinder contact filters thence
into the Grand River- However, this plant is inadequate,
because of the rapid growth of the city, and the fact that
the tank is situated so low that the river backs into the
filters. As a result, part of the raw sewage is discharged
into the GrandRiver without any treatment and the rest with-
out sufficient treatment. With this idea in mind "A Sani-
tary Survey of the Grand River "was started to determine
the effect or result of the disposal of these partially
treated wastes by dilution into the river.

Surveys of this nature are carried on by certain of
the State Boards of Health or by municipal boards of health,
extending over long periods. This survey was carried on
for three months, during which time normal and flood con-
ditions were encountered but no low water was experienced
during which time self purification is most active and
elso when there might be distinct nuisances caused by the
insufficient dilution.
The writers wish to express their thanks for the valuable
suggestions and co-operation given by Prof. BD. Rich and
Mr- J -W-Follin of the Michigan State Board of Health, Mr.
A.H-Jewell of the University of Michigan, and Prof. E-K.
Vedder of the Civil Mmgineering Department of the Michigan
Agricultural College.
TREATMENT

The object of this survey is to determine as far as
possible (1) whether or not there is a local nuisance
treated, (2) what is the effect of this pollution on the
stream, and to what extent does the stream purify itself.

All results depend upon the discharge of the strean,
therefore gaugings were made at different periods. The
discharge determined, the next problem is to make the nec-
essary examinations. It is usual to make complete physical,
chemical, microscopical, and bacteriglogical examinations,
put as our means were limited only the following were cone
sidered- Under “ chemical " it was decided that dissolved
oxygen, oxygen consumed, and chlorine would probably be
the best adapted to the problem under consideration.

Under " bacteri@logical " it was decided that total counts
on nutrient agar and presumptive tests for B-Coli would
best show the condition of the stream and the self purie
fication effect. Under " physical * only color and temp-
erature teste were made.

With the above problem solved the next step would be
to form a conclusion, considering these results and all
available data, together with the necessary assumptions.

All work of taking samples was done with an automob-
lle, covering the whole territory on the same day- Gaug-
ings were made during the week ends that samples were not
not taken, by means of a team hired at Rives Junction.

One gauging trip required about one and one-half days.
DISCHARGE

In determining discharge it was necessary to obtain the
cross section and velocity of the river at the gauging sta-
tions, which were chosen at various bridges on the river.

On each gauging trip the depths of the water were measured
by means of a graduated line and plumb bob at intervals of
five feet along one truss of the bridge- Velocities were
taken every ten feet with a small Price current meter at

six tenths of the depth of the water below the surface.

A fixed point was marked at each station from which meas-
urements were taken to the water surface on each trip.

Curves were plotted from this data which give the area, velo-
city, and discharge for any distance below the fixed point.
A gauge rod was permanentiy set and tied into a city bench-
mark at the Jackson sewage disposal plant and was read daily.
CHEMICAL EXAMINATION

In the carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur cycles, “Destruct-
ion" is the part in which we are particularly interested.
It is a process of oxidation or burning up, aided by pact-
erial action, or the changing of unstable, putrefying,
organic matter to stable compounds. In order to do this the
organic matter must have oxygen, which it takes out of the
water. As long as there is sufficient dilution the required
amount of oxygen can be furnished, but as soon as the avail-
able oxygen is exhausted, putrefaction will take place. In
other words, it is simply a question of a balance between
the available oxygen in the water and the oxygen which is
required by the organic matter.

Thus the amount of the dissolved oxygen in a sample of
water will give us a relative idea of the condition of the
stream. It was decided to use the dissolved oxygen method
used in the New York Harbor Method. ( Modification of Levy
method, see Mason page 110 ).

Solutions:

Standard FeS04 -- 144 grams ( Kahlbaums crystallized sul-
phate ) and 15 co conc- H,80Q, all diluted to 3 liters.
Standard NanC0s e= 200 grane in 1 liter of water.

Standard H, SQ, -=- dilution 1 part acid to 1 part water.
Standard Potaseium Permanganate -=- 25-4 grams in water di-
luting to 4-5 liters- Standardized against especially pre-e
pared Yohz's salt, 1 Gea. = 1 6-ce of oxygen.
Collection of the Sample:=- The sample shall be collected
with extreme care in order to avoid entrainment or absorp-
tion of any oxygen from the atmosphere. The sample bottle
shall be a glass-stoppered bottle with a narrow neck and
which holds at least 250 C000 The exact capacity of the
bottle shall be determined and etched on the glass. A two
holed rubber stopper is inserted in the mouth of the bottle
and in one hole is placed a brass tube which almost touches
the bottom of the bottle. In the other hole is placed a
short curved brass tube. In taking samples, two bottles
with the above described stoppers were placed in a rack and
lowered into the water below the surface. The water will
run down the long brass tube and the air will be expelled
from the bottle through the other tube- As soon as the
bottles have been filled they are drawn up and the temporary
stopper is removed and a permanent glass stopper is in-
serted using care not to entrain any air bubbles.

Procedure:= Remove the stopper from the bottle and add
6 coc. of FeSQ, to the bottom by means of a pipette, then
5 GeO- off Halo, at the top. Replace the stopper and shake
wells Then remove the stopper and add 10 ceca. of H, 50, Sole
This sets a sample and dissolves the precipitate allowing
the titration to proceed with potassium permanganate.

Run a blank using the same water and the same procedure
only omitting the addition of Na, COz which gives an alkaline

reaction, and allows the D- O- to work.
10

The number of c-c- of potassium permanganate used in this
blank determination, minus the number used in the first or
semple test, gives the number of c-ec- of dissolved oxygen
in the sample- Put the result in terns of oxygen per liter.

The oxygen consumed test gives us a knowledge of oxygen
consuming power of the carbon compounds. An oxidizing agent,
potassium permangahate, is added to a portion of the sample
together with a quantity of sulphuric acid, and the whole is
digested at boiling temperature for 30 minutes. The amount
of permanganate used is determined from a titration. The
procedure was made in conformity with the Standards of the
American Public Health Association.

The chlorine determination gives us an index of the di-
lution afforded. If we know the normal chlorine value of
the stream, we oan make an estimate of the amount of water
entering the river through the tributaries. The chlorine
value is high at the city limits due to the presence of
chlorine in the household wastes, and this value will be-
come less as water enters . from the tributaries of less
chlorine content- This test was carried out in conformity
with the specifications of the American Public Health

Association.
BACTERTI@LOGICAL EXAMINATION
The samples were examined as soon as possible after the
time of collecting theme The tests decided upon included
total count on nutrient agar, and presumptive tests for
BeColi using lactose bile. The preparation of media was
according to the " Standard Mathods of Water Analysis" of
the A. P. H. A-

DISCUSSION

The determination of the effect of the discharge of
the partially treated sewage from Jackson into the Grand
River was made by means of physical, chemical, and bacter-
i@logical examinations such as have been outlined under
the heading of treatment. The results of these tests are
shown in Tables 1 - 3 together with the distances of the
sampling points below the city. There is also denoted the
points at which the two main tributaries join the river.

There are several factors which enter into the self
purification of streams. The two physical factors, dilu-
tion and sedimentation play an important part while the
real oxidation of the organic matter is carried on by a
bacterial action which is supported by the abundant food
material of the sewage laden water- The reduction in bac-
teria is accomplished through several agencies, Sedimen-
tation and unfavorable environment constituting the chief

factors.
12

A large majority of the bacteria are of intestinal origin,
the optimum temperature of which is the body temperature-
Naturally they would die in time in the changed conditions
and grow scarce in the battle of the survival of the fittest
with the more hardy water bacteria.

Sampling Trip March 25, 1916-
Weather=- Fair with thaw- Temp- of air 58 - 64 deg. F.

Condition of stream - Flood.
The chlorine tests gave fairly uniform results and show
a drop from 13 p- Peme at station 1 to 7 p-.- Pele at station 17.
The values are shown graphically on tne chart, tegether with
@ curve showing the flow in the river at the various stations,
and the total bacterial count, As the discharge increases
in amount the chlorine decreases in,accordance with this
dilution. The total bacterial count shows a decrease from
63,600 at station 1 to 13,200 at station 17, a reduction of
about 80%. There are several irregularities in the curve
which may be contributed to several facts, one of which is
that it is difficult to obtain a correct estimate of the
total bacteria where the number per o-ce- is so high, unless
several plates are made and in this case only one was made.
The estimated B-Coli content per 1000-6+ as shown on
the table gives a reduction from 10,000 at station 1 to
100 at station 17- This latter value shows the water to be
of fair purity at this point. Unless a large number of
 
13

these tests were made covering a long period it would not
be possible to show the progressivepuréfication.

In general the jow temperature of the water at this
time was unfavorable to the active operation of self puri-
fication processes, though there is a fair degree of bac-

terial removal shown.

Sampling trip April 22, 1916.
Weather - Rain. Temp- of air 42 - 47 deg. F.

Condition of stream - Normal.

The chlorine tests gave about the same results as in
the previous trip showing a drop from 15-5 P+Ppeme at station
1 to 7 pe Pome at station 17. These values are also shown
graphically on the chart together with the curve showing
the flow in the river at the various stations, and the total
bacterial count. The total bacterial cuunt shows a decrease
from 40,000 to 3600 a reduction of about 89%.

The estimated BeColi content gives a reduction from
1,000 at station 1 to 100 at station 17. This latter value
shows the water to be of fair purity at this point.

ling trip. 6, 1916.
Weather - Rain- Temp- of air 57 = 66 dege F.
Condition of stream - Normal.

The chlorine tests gave uniform results down to station
14 and show a drop from 15 pepeme to & pepem- at station 14,
put at station 17 the value ran up to 16 p-pem due to the
confhuence of the Sandstone oreek- The total bacterial count
1+

shows a decrease from 40,000 at station 1 to 9,000 at station
17, a reduction of about 78%. The estimated B-Coli content
per 100 ceoe gives a reduction from more than 5,000 at station
1 to 100 at station 17. This latter value shows the water

to be of fair purity at this point.

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

All the work was done during high water or normal water
conditions and,accordingly,it was not possible to determine
the effeot of this pollution during low water and warm tem-
peratures when self purification would be most active and
there would be more physical evidence in the stream itself.
However, there was a marked change in the character of the |
water as shown by the chemical and bacterialogical tests.
And during the 22-4 miles of flow the river changes marked-
ly in physical appearance which is shown on the pictures
at the end of the text.

Picture number 1 was taken at the sewer disposal works
and shows the gauge located there. The river above this
point. nes received some raw sewage and at this point is dis-
Athe sewage filter effluents. There is a distinct evidence
of sewage in the water both here and more distinotly at
Point 1, 0-3 miles below. The water is turbid and laden
with solids, and also carries some floating solids.

The river flows 4-4 miles from here to the confluence

with Portage Creek where it receives a large flow, some-

times in excess of the main river discharge.
1S

This furnishes a large dilution for the polluted water. The
fall of the river from Point 1 to Portage Creek and below
here is very small which affords excellent Ghance for the
settling out of the sewage solids. ,Pictures 2 and3 show the
conditions of the river banks at Point 5, midway between
Point 1 and Portage where large quantities of sludge have
been deposited. Picture 4 shows Portage Creek at Station D,
above the confluence, where samples were collected. The
flat grade is apparent. |

At Point 6, 2-6 miles below Portage, the river shows
put little direct evidence of sewage pollution from its
appearance alone, and the banks are fairly clean. This
physical appearance improves all the way to Point 17.

Just before Point 17 is reached, the river is augmented

by the flow from Sandstone Creek which furnishes clear, but
colored water of a fair degree of purity- Picture 5 shows
Sandstone Creek at Tompkins Center above the confluence.
The water is impounded here for use in a water wheel at
the mill. It is seen here flowing through the wheel and
spilling over the dam.

As a whole,the problem furnishes an excellent oppor-
tunity to study river conditions in general and self-puri- |
fication processes in particylar. The problem should not
be considered as finished in the work covered in this thesis
put £0 hold good opportunity for others to continue it in
the future.

C. Be HM.
Ce Ee T.
 

 

 

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Pretvre &
GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
March 25, 1916
Weather --- Fair with thaw. Temperature of Air ges 64or

Condition of stvem - - Flood.

 

 

 

 

 

 

senpernivdance; Gauge : PhyBical ; Chemical ; Bacteriological
ling *; . Below Reading; “Examinations ; Examinations ; Examinations
Sta. } Jackson: : ; ; ; ae
No. in §*& . ; : ; Total 3B. Coli
;’ Miles ; 3 3 ; ;Bacterial;~ per
: . ;. Temp. ;,* Color $ ;Count on ;100 c.c.
5 " 3 of»; of 3; . Chlorine ; Ager : by
5 : : Water ; Water ; 524 hrs.at¢Phelps'
; - sDeg. F.; PP. P.-M. 3; P.:P. Me ; S7 C+ sMethod
; ; ; ; 3° ; ;
a2 ool. 3 s 43 : 35 . 13.0 +, 63,600: 3° 10000
S zi 2,3. 3 Aol) 32.43 | san 36 ; 1430 489000; }°°2000
; Joins; 3 : ; ;
> River ; : ‘ ; : :
~ at 5 ; ; ; : :
D F:*Ei7S 3 ; 36 : 70 2 7.0 ; 40,800+ 5» ""100
; : ; ; ; ; ;
G6 8.3 7.33.3. 6.3 4-40" 85 : 9.5 ; 14,760: ; 1000
9 $10.6°°; : 40 *°: °° 60 : 10.5 : 26,400: ; 1000
10 5 1268" j. (3 40°; “50°; 965 ; 33,600 ; 1000
mises?  '} 40 } 55° $ a0 {24,000 $ 1000
1451758 5, 09; 40 ; 52; 7.0  $ 32,400 ; 4000
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; 21. 8 ‘3-38 -; 86 ; 4.5 ; 19,200 ; 1000
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20

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
April 22, 1916.
Weather --- Rain. Temperatures of air-42-47°F.,
Condition: of Stream - Normal

t Dist- if ; Vig ee: Bacteriological
Samp ance ;Gauge;  Exemirnations ; Examinations ; Examinations

 

 

 

 

 

 

ling;Below..;Read-; ; ; ih &%:
Sta-;Jackson;ing. ; 7 5 ; sotal ;b.Coli per
Noe; in $ . : 33 Oxygen ;Bacterial;100 cec. by
sMiles : ; Temp. ; Color ; ; Con- ;Count on ;Phelps'
; ; ; ez :)% of ;Chlorine;sumed Agar ;Method
2 : ; Water ; Water. ; 3 30 Min. 324 brseat;
? > ;Deg.F. sP. P. Re ‘P. P.M. “PB. P.H. > 37° Cc. >
foe oes ; 3 ; ; ; ;
~b3 «31.5; 55:5. 54 ; 60 s 150¢5 3 1362 340,000 $ 1000
23 1619 3000 33 3.45 3 130 3 322,000 }; 1000
“$$ 2.31 54.5 5 46 § 60  $ 1165 |} 11.0 334,000 3; 1000
Ae * 3 e e e ° e e
4; 3.68: 3 ; 46 ' ¢. Bw 324,000 3; 1000
SF a BAY ae Z : s of :
‘“B;Joins ; 3 ; ; ; > ; Less
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3 4073.3 4¢2 3 45 3; 60 3 Se5 3 1461 3 5,400 3; 100
5 3 ; ; ; ; ; ;
63 >.%e55-3 660 ; 45 >; 66 = 3; 7.0 3; 13.0 3; 5,000 $s 1000
; 3 3 3 ; ; ; ;
~ B5.. .%e26 -3 « $ ; 60 3 705 3 ; 5,000 ; 1000
93 10.6 °¢: ; > 68 ¢: 7.5 ; 217,000 ; 1000
‘10; 1263 34.7 48: 55 $ 7.0 $ 12.95312,000 3; 1000
11; 13.4 3: ' 3 60> A, GBB es > 5,000 ; 1000
.8 weg : ; ; ; ;
14; 17.8 | 862 : 45; 60 5 67.0 §$ > 5,000 ; 1000
; Joins ; 3 ; ; ; ; ;
E; River ; “6 : . : . ; Less.
; at ; ; ; ; ; ; ; than
' ¢ Fhe: 3 ~ ; 60 : 5-5 ; 12.1 ; 6,000 $ 00
: ; ; ; ; : ; ;
17; 22.4 3: 6023 45 3; 65 3 700 3 1363 3 3,600 3; 100
; ; : : ; : ; 3
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21

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
| May 6, 1916
Weather ---- Rain -« Semperatures of Air -57°-66° F.
Condition of Stream ~ Normal.

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Samp; Dist- Gauge: : Chemical Bxaminations -Bacteridlogical
ling; ance sRead-; s 3 : ; Examinations
Sta.;Below sing. ; ° * ; Total ;5. ,
No.;Jackson;  # ; ar Oxygen; Dissolved:Bacterial:per LOO 6eCeo
; in ; sGolor ; sConsum; Oxygen ; Count ; by
jMiles ; 3 of 3 ; ed ; Per cent; on Agar ; Phelps'
$ ; ;Water -Ghlorine: 30 Ming of ° 3; BA gs. ; Method
> ° PoP. M. 3B. P. Me P.PaMe3 Saturat’ nia S37 C.;
rr + . st 3G ~ eater than
1; 631: | 3.40 3 1300 31463 69.5 ; 40,000 ; 3000.
2; 15193: . 3160-3; 16.0 3  ¢ 68565 -$ 20,000° : 3000
BS; 2:31 3 306.3. 40 3 13,6 314.03 886 -; 33,000 ; 3000
, 3 . gS a ee es 3
; Joins ; : ; ; ; ; :
BD; River; . 3 ° $ , , ,
>; - at 5 = 3: . 5 : ; : :
: 4.73 ; 468 3: 80 5; s 16e6 ; s 65,000 ; 100
6; 7e » oO 3 ’ 06 5 , 6, 000 ; LOOO
> , § 3 9 ° ° 9 9
8; 9526 ; 5: 80 3.. 9B . ; 12,000 3 100
e o- . e . e 3/ e ;
931066 3 5 75 3 8B | 30,000 ; 1000
re > 9 ’ : 9
10: 12,5 54.95 80 3 9.5 ; ; 24,000 ; 100
14:17.8 $86; 80 } 8:0 ; 16.2; 92.0 }; 6,000 ; 100
—7 teins 3 RB ; ;
; River ; > UG ; : ; :
5 at ee: ; ; ; ;
E;21.8 ; 3 66 3; 665 3; 16.1 3; 59.0 ; 8,000 ; 100
—T 5 ; ; 3 3 73
17322.4 ; 6e8 ; ; 16.0 73; 16-3 ; 80. s 9,000 ; 100
—_._2 9 2. 3 2 2 2 2

 

HOTE;- Samples were taken up the river, from pt. 17 to pt. &.
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22

GRAMD FIVER SATTITARY  SUNTEY
READINGS AT Se¥VAGE DISPCSAL PLANT

 

 

Elevation of 5.0 fcot mark on cauge is
73.954 Jackson datum
917,724 JU.S.%cedetic furvey datur-
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le Ne: 4.7 © © Bee >: FRain::
" ¢ 4.8 - 3: 16: $2.5: 3 |
> 4.8: 3 33 17: ° £64 -.: Cloudy
> 4.5: :Cloudy 33 1&3 $2.6: 3
:.4,.4: sClear 3:3 19: : 3.c . : Clear
: 4.1: 3 3% £03 ¢ 3.0 :
; 4.1: ¢: Oo. : 29 2 |
; 3.8: .3 Ba ; 6.8 - 3: Rain
2 33: 2 23 (E83 | : 2.8 . 3,Clear
9 AM : 1.4; :Cloudy :: 24% $68: 2 :
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; 1.53: 23 a 5 Bek > Cloudy
; 15 : Clear 3: 28: ¢ 2.5 °#:$: Clear
> 1.4 : 23 o98 2 Bee > Cloudy
> 14 2 : 303 > Bel ; Clear
¢ 1.4 3 23 S13: Bb Bea :
> 1.4 ° s¢ June 1: 232.8 :
> 1.5 :Cloudy :: o3 2 6.5 3
: 1.7 ? 88 8 Booed : Cloudy
© 1.4 : Pain 3:3 4: $ Gel 5s
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2: 82.0 : Clear ?3
$ 2.90 3. 23
$ Bea 3 23
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23

GRAND RIVER SANITARY StRVEY

Stream Gauging Votes Gauging lo. 2
STATION 3

March 30, 1916 Gauge Heicht 1.81

 

 

 

OBSERVATIONS  GOMPUTATIONS

Times: Revo: Mean:Mean : ; :

Dist. : | :
Depth:.. of -: in: du-?: Vel.: Depth: Width: Area:Dis-

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Point -: Bt. evation: onds: Seca: Ht. 3 Fee 3 Fe: u.Ft. Sec.
O 83.0 fF cr fo: ote oor fo Ok lk
~2O . 3.5.0.3. ---8- So Btt as :
15 3: 5.5 ° 3.3 >, 45 3: 50:3: 2.48: 5.50 : 10 ¢ 55. 0; 135.4
20 3: '6.0° ¢ 2 : 38 3. 38
a6 : 6.0" s 3.6 :: 52.5 50:: 2.13: 5.87 : 10 58. ras, 8
- 3 565. 3 27 8 33 2 2 be 8
35 3: 5.5 : 3.3 : 120 3: 45:: 0.84: §.33 : 10 253. 3: 44.8
40 : 5.0.3 sco. 3 23 . Ss. 8
45. : 5.0 : 3.0 : 120 : ° 32:3 0.607 4.33. 310 «3482 3: 26.0
50 3: 3.0: : o : : : ee rr
so a Totals S81.9:353-0

Mean Vel.
1. 16. Pts per sec. 0. 95 Me per hr.

en Gauging No. 3
April 28, i916. —- . : Gauge Height 4.3

 

 

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3043 10

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~ Totals 150.5:130.7
Yean Vel. :- 883 ft. per sec.--
“ O.GO mi. per hr.
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24

‘-" GRAND RIVER SURVEY
Stream Gauging Notes a oF - Gauging No. 4
. » STATION 3
May.20.,..1915. ; Gauge Height 3.0

 

 

 

 

T BBSERVABIONS Troha COMPUTATIONS:

 

 

Dist! :Depth:Depth®«tTimes:Revoe : Mean: Mean :Width:Atea : Discharge
from’: Ft. %» off shin tilution:.VelesDepth: Ft. Sq. : Cu. Ft.

Ini'l: : Obser : Secs: In Ste -- Fess Seces
Point: | _: vation: © : ::- Secs: . ae L :

 

3.73: 10° 137.3

-

2.6 7

0 |
it
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2.59 - 96.8 ++

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50

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1.75: 4.87: 10° 248.7

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A A BS OE oy oe okt 2. te e, = o ee
45 ¢ 5.0.2 3.0 ©1502 «BO “t 0.942" 4.302 TO 4350: $5 C0068. co niacin
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25

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY .

 

 

       

         

 

Stream Gauging Notes. Gauging No, 2.
STATION D, PORTAGE CREEK.
March 30, 1916. Gauge. Height 2.8
0 VA iN st COMPUTATIONS .
:Depth:Dep :Time :Revo-::Mean :Mean-: : : scharge
From $ > of > in slime ::Vel. :Depth:
Initial: :obser-:SecsS.:tions::in : . ‘
Point.. : Pt. :vation: : s3:mNeCBe: Ft..% Rts Basti Cn. Ft Sec.
\ ; ; : : : . : :

5 =: 6, + 3.6 : 68 + 50 iil. 64 6. 38: 10 | 63. 8: 103.8
1¢ 8633ye) 2 Yd 2 Be: BO 2. 15 11. 66: 10 116. iF 251.0
25 4 : 8.4 :106 : 60 °: 11.07 ‘13.5240 2135.0: | Yaeo
35 40020: 6.0 2 OB  Tras oe: Yo P8eo: Zede
40 ogee : 3 $ we 3 $ : 3
45 sb : 3.0 :100 3: Sl ‘ss 59 3: See 3: TS ‘3 Wes 41.5
53 : % 2 : a a *¢« . . . .

Mean- Vel. 1.15 -ft.- per sec.-=- ... fotals . 483.2. -556.1 ...
78 miles per hour. : ;

 

Gauging No. 3.

 

 

April 28, 1916. Gauge Height 4.2
0 ¢ $8.0 : 3 $ 3 $ : ;
5 : 4.62 : 2.4: 91 : 50 11.227: 6.2: 10 3: 52.0: 64.0
10 : 8.4: : $ 33 : :
ae : 12.5 : 7.5 : 80 : 50 3 21.59 :12.08: 10 :120.8: 167.0
2 : 15,0 ; : :
25 : 14.5 : 9.7 :320 : 45 : 0.888: 18. 83: 10 :188.5: 113.2
30 : 12.0 ;: : : $
35 966 2 6.7 2120 =: Sl 30.59 :12.00: 10 $120.03 70.9
40 : 628: $ ;: 2: :
45 s 4.1: 8.5 :1820 : 6 : 20.013: Se 98; 13 : 61. 8: 0.675
50 : 8.9 : z % 3s : : ‘
53 eee Pr aS : : 2's : : :
Mean Vel.= 0.865 ft. per sec.= Total 482.4 415.775

0.59 miles per hour,
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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, 26

‘GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
Stream Gauging Notes. . i So Gauging No. 4. |
ae STATION D, PORTAGE CREEK.
May .20, 1916, re Senge Height 4.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

- t . ? . ?
Ae ta % _ _
- a ee — a
+d 5 ry
_ a
-_ -_ _ 7 MEER

Dist. ; Depth Depth: rime | Revo! ::Mean ‘Mean ‘width ; ‘Area ‘Discharge
From _ .  $ of > in ‘slu- f:Vél.- enepere Pe Ry be 2980.
Bopae ‘+0bser+:Se0e, 1tfong::in- | en

 

   

 

co eS

 

 

Pte: . svation: ‘$3 “3 £5068: @ > : ats saat. Cu. Ft Sec.

0 3B: of on po gf op Ot :

, 6 * 505 : 3.3 +: 114°: 50 310.98 6.23: 16 : 62.8 > 61.22
1 3 97°: 3 : 33 2: :

ip 718.6 8.16 : 104°: 50 °:: 1.08 12097 10 :127.7 : 138.0
“715.0 -: 3 ‘: a | ; :

25 3:14.0-: 8.4 ‘+: 120°: 38 20.72 118.88: 10 :138.3 : 98.4
OO ::12.5: : oto. 8 : '3o. 2.
BSB: 9-2 + 5.82 : 120 : 30 220657 2 9640: 10 : 94.0 : 653.6
40 =: 6.6: *: "3 ‘s : fo :

45 4.0: 2.4 :120:18 %:0.35.- 4.b3: 1s >: 52.4 : 18.3
50 3 eee 's : 3 3 : : : :

53 2 E.6 np yee ee gt

 

Mean Vel. 0.78 ftaper sec total - 474.7 369.5
0.58 miles: per hour, |
 

 

 

 

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27
GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
Strean. fanging Notes. Gauging No.l
ee STATION #6. STATLER BRIDGE

April 29, 1915. Gauge ieight 7.4

~~

= a [0 . 7 —— .
Dist, - “;Depth ; ; ; ;

 

 

ie

St

 

 

rl

 

 

 

 
  

 

 

 

Pron - 3 Of ;Time ;Remo ;Mean; ’ , 79
Initial; ; Depth jObeer-; in ;lu- ;Vel.;Mean ; 73
Poi , ;vation; Seo. ;tiens; in :DepthiWiath; Area; Discharge
rp Seg ; ; in ;Secs; ; 3 :
cog Fe eC. . -Sees.: - Pt. : Ft. ; Sq. fe: Cu.ft.sec.
BUS ; ; : : ; ; +3
; Qed ; ; 5 : ; ; 7
; $50 § . ; ; : : : 3
; 7 < 368 5 858 ;. SO 30.49; 2.0 3; 20 ;40. 00: 19.6
; 54Q } ; ; ; ; ;
; 560 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
; 568 ; ; ; ; 33 ; ;
; 368 5 ; : ; ; ; ; ;
; 838 ; ; ; ; : : ;
. B33 ; 2863 3 187 ; -80 30.68; 3.92; 35 3130.5; 84.8
; £30 ; ; ; 3 ; ; ; ;
ee poise. } 3 ; ;
‘y e » . 9 9 9 9 9 9
60 '*f 430 5. ; 5 3 ;
65 > 441 3; 2.-6:'3;718 3; 80 30.91; 3-71; 29 3107.5; 97.8
~- FO -.5 Mel 3g. 208. 8 ; : : ; ;
976. 5 4el33 ; ; ; : ; : :
80 °° 3° SO; ; : ; : : , 3
Ye os Vel;— > a —_ 7 ~-—5 eV;5 on
oU27 ft. per eeconts0-496 | miles per hour
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a a a
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5266523 3e9:3 42.5; 60 524 62; 6633; 10 |; 63.3; 166.0

5 (605 :; 3 ; ; So; Ug eG

5 "665'3 3e9:3 44 5 50 $2. 53; 6.60; 10 ; 66.0; 166.0

° ‘628 ° fy F 7 ¢ 9 «th 5 . eo .?

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3 ,¥eO 5 +. ; ; ; ;

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;‘'¥vO:; S32. 035 3 ; : :

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ot EBs e ; ot . -§ | : e e

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: 60; -26 4124.3 60 $0.90; 5.40;.17 ; 91.8; 82.6

: a0 ; ; ; ; ; : ;

 

 

Tea Vel: -2.66 ft. per ec. TOTAL 0Q3 :

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Dist.
From

Initial
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GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
Stream Gauging Notes.
-STATION NO.6 STATTLER BRIDGE.

 

“OBSERVATIONS —
sDepth:Depth :Time :Revo-:

; of ¢ in
-Obser-:Secs.
svation:

clue

:>Mean

-3:Vel.

stions::in

7 3necs.

COMPUTATIONS

sMean :Width: Area
sDepth:

: Ft. : Ft.

Gauging No, 3.

Gauge Height 5.9

28

 

;sDischarge

 

Q.
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25
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29

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY ~

 

Stream Gauging Notes. Gauging No. 2.
STATION 10
March 30, 1916, Gauge Height 2.5

OBSanVATIONS £.8 COMPUTATIONS
i eteteeenrenaiecueennapunrnpisin x nemnenmeen

Dist. Depth; *Depth ; Time Diane :Mean :Mean ‘width : Area sMapcherge
From of >: in :lu= .s¢Vel. s Depth:

 

 

 

 

Initial; :Obser-:Secss: vCLOny? fin : ;
Point -: Ft, ivation: : :Secs.: Pt. Ftcksg.Pt cbaGFt. seo.
0 ° ; , 3 z . ; : .

aie: thio: ar sores 6683: 10: 68.3: 40.4
: Bel |: 38.5: 50 :$ 2488: 8.50: 10 : 85,0: 246.0
GE CMOS E BO Se Breiman! ies aKeg 238.0
a :1 2.90: 8.00; 10 ; 60,0 :. 232.0
4.5 60 :; 2.71: 7.40: 10 : 74.0 202.0
4.2 ‘50 i: 2.43: 7.00: 10 : 70.0.2 170.1.
: 4.2 348.5: 50 :: 8.50: 7.10; 10: 11.0 163.5
2.80: 6.75: 15 1101.2; 233.0

te
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85 : 3 3 3

Mean Vel, 2,44°ft.per sec. 2 Total 635.2 1525.0
l. 67 miles per Paure

 

Gauging No. 3.
Aprile “291g, °F" FP Gauge Height 4.8

 

 

res SB ada gor teas 4.23: 10: 43.3; 8.66
eed Be exe 90: 8 33 1.24) 5.67? Yo : 56.7: 70.8
28 820 Be. bdo: 2 aor 5.85: 10: 68.5; 62.4
35 : 5:5 3.3 : 73 50 j 1.54: 5.67: 10 56.7 87.2
45 > 5.2: 3.1 : 862.50 :: 1.35: 5.27: 10: 52.7: 71.2
58 4:3 2.9 75 50 i 1.48, 4.87; 10 48.7 ; 7201

Continued on next page.
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AX

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stream Gauging Notes. Gauging No.3 cont'd.
STATION 10

March W, 1916. Gauge Height 2.5
~__________ OBSERVATIONS — COMPUTATIONS ©
Dist. :Depth:Depth :fime :Revo-:Mean :Mean +Width ; Area : Discharge
From. :;: a : in = :lu- :Vel.: Depth: .
Initial; :0b8er-:Secs.: : tions: in - 3 . 8 :
Point : Ft. :vation: : ,Secss Ft. : Ft. : Sq.Ft, Cu. Ft. Sec.

65. 2 Bib 2 3.00 84: 60 21 33 5.10: 10 : 51.0: 67.8

70 : 5-5 : : : : ; 3

75 - §5 : 3.3 :1200 : 3% >: 0.63 4 4.20: 15 **: 63,0° : 3967

80 : 4,0 : : : k : ; g

85 > bef
Mean Vel.=1.ll ft.per sec. = Total 430.4 479.56

0.76 miles per hour. ~
_. Gauging No. 4, DP ee

May 20, 1916. é _ Gauge Height 3.8

0 : 3,7 ; $ $ “s 2 : 3 $

5 ° 5.8 : 3.48 : 120 ;: ee: 20. 42% 5. 67: 10 : 56.7 $ 23.8

10 2 726 ¢; : $ 7 t

15 37.8 3 4080: 68: 50:31. 75: 7. 83: 10 : 78.3 :137.4

20 : 6.8. : ‘ : :

25 : 7.0 ; 4.20 : 84; 60: 71.83: T. 67: 10 ; 76.7 :102.0

3 27,.59% : : :

35 $733- 3 4.88 ¢ 72: 50:31, 58: Te 80: 10 -: 78.0 :123.7

40 3846 : $ $ 3 3

45 - 37.0 : 420: 70: 60: 1. 00 7. 27: 10: 72.7 2116.5

50 $608 8 $ ug G ices

55 - :5.8 : 3.48: 62: 50 :1. a1: 6.07: 10 : 60.7 :110.0

60 3602. 3 2 $ g $

65:63 : 8.78 : 14: BO: “i B1: 6.38: 10; 63.3 : 95.8

7 76% 3 : $ 2 t

75 $6e1,. 3: 3-66 ; 96.; 50i:l. 17: 5. 30: 15 : 79.5 :; 893.0

80 °5,0 $ ° ° 33 ° . ‘ ’

85 2:86. : ; $ 3 :

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Mean Vel. = 1.90 ft. per sec. = Total. 565.9 801.2

1.30 miles per hour.
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
Stream Gauging Notes Gauging No. 1 mM

STATION 14

April 29, 1915. Gauge Height 11.21

 

OBSERVATIONS 7 COMPUYATIONS
Dist. :Depth:Depth :Time: Revo-:iMean :: Mean :Width: Area:Discharge
from. .2 Ft. ¢ of > in s due £ Vel. + Depth: Ft.: Sq~- rCus Ft.

 

 

Tpet'i1s. . sObger=:Secs: tions: in <: Ft. : >: Ft. :Seos.
Point 3: svation: : ‘Seca: : : :
0. 890 2 : : ‘ ‘ : : .
> 3 O48 4 $ : : : ; ;

LO* 33" Os6-%" 3,5.) 256: 50° ‘20:;/66.5:% see SABO S78. 1875
LG *S) See : : : : : : :
aQ 2 442° 3 : : : : : $ :

25 S605 3 Aah is -952° 950: save5 3 © BO 2:-756e75¢ 94.75
30 4:60 #3 7 : . : : $ :

BD. Sp Sele : : : : $

40 :°8.8 3: 4 : : : : : :

ao < S.B°S.. aS P1409 BO: <f 1.08" 4 . 15°. % SOs25%° 52.285
50 SsOnns : : : $ : : :
55 ‘: Sse 7s : : : : : $ :

60. 3% 2.0.2 2.22 230%. 30 2°0:35° + (25: -t 60<50! “2i.20
65. 3 S0i28 : 5 : : : : :
WO: s>°Se02:8 7 : : $
Tor &-s05 : ‘ : : :
78 - 341.0 3: : : : : : :

Totals 216.8 :186.95

Mean Velocity:-— 0.865 Ft. per sec.--
O.61 Mi. per hr.

Gauging No. 2
March 31, 19165. Cauge Height 6.2

3.8

@ OO

120: 19 : 0.38: 61:10 : 61-0 : 23.

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Mean Vel.:-- 3.38 ft. per sec.--

1.61 mi. per hr.
 

 

 

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32

GRAND RIVER SANIYTARY CURVEY
Steam Gauging Notes Gauging No. 3

CO STATION 14
April. .29,- 1916. : Gauge Height 8.5.

OBSERVATIONS = CONPUTATIONS
Dist. :Depth:Depth :Time :RevoewMean : ean :"idth:Area :Diecharge

 

 

 

 

 

from <: Ft. : of >: in : lu- : vel.: Depth: . Ft.: Sq. :Cu. Ft.
Init'1l: : Observat’:.Secs :tiones: in: Ft. : : Ft. : Secs.
Point : —' 3 vation: s : :Seca: 3: ee
O $8.8: 3 : or ¢: : : ‘
5 : 5.0: 3.0 > 120 : 9 3: 0. 20: 4.53 : 10 : 45.3: .9.06
10 +: 5.8: . : : : : S88
15 : 6.8 : 4.08 : 70 : 50: 1.50: 6.47 : 10 : 64.7:2103.9
20 : 6.8 =: : : : So : : :
65 : 7.5 : 4.5 ; 120 : 46 : 0.86: 7.10 : 10 : 72.0: 60.9
30 3: 7.0 2 : : so : : . :
35 3: 7.0 : 4.2 > 78 : 50 : 1.45: 7.0 : 10 : 70.0:101.9
40 :;: 7.0: : : 8 : st : :
45 3:68 : 4.1 >; 88 : 50: 1.27: 6.97 : 10 3: 69.7: 88.8
BO : 36.8: : $ : : : :
55 : 6.0: 3.6 ©; 75 $ 650 3: 21.54: 6.829 3:20 : 55.9: 05.7
59 B.6 3 : - 3 8 : 8 : :
65 3; 5.8 : 4.5 : 120 : 40: 0.74: 5.30 : 10 : 52.0: 39.3
70 3: 4.5 3° 3 : : : $8 2
75 : 363 2: 1.98 :110 : 50: 1.08: 3.87 : 9 : 69.4: 289.9
79 3 8.0 8 _ el _—

 

 

 

 

 

Totals 465.1:601.0 —
Mean- Vel.:= 1.29 ft. per sec.--
___ 0. 89 _wi- per fre _ . _

=_ oo

 

Gauging No. 4
say 80, 1816. | ne Gauge Height 7.7 ft.
0:28, °»+s wore wane nn
120 > 28:

0.42 : 4.07: 10 : 48.7 2: 20.

on
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15 8.3: 4.9 © 96 .3 50: 1.17 : 8.17: 10 : 81.7 : 95.8
a0. 8.3: 3 : : : : 8 :
25 : 8.8: 4.9 > 996 > 50:3: 1.17 : 8.50: 10 : 85.0: 9.7
30 Of | : : : : 8 : :
35 o8: 4.5 : 66 > 50: 1.69 : 8.13: 10 3: 81.3 : 137.8
40 “63. : : : : 2 8 :
3. > 52 > 50: 8.15 3: 7.67: 10 : 76.7 3: 164.

g
5.3: 74 +: 50:1.51: 7.60: 10 : 76.0 : 115.0
Bo oo: 74 + SO: 1.81: 5.63: 10 : 56.3:

2.7 : 94 +: 5O:1.19: 4 .

es ain ee CF &. of, See | ee oe) ee a oe - — _- ore es. = 8 ee

Mean Vel. 1.44 ft. per sec.-
QO.984 mi. per hr.

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GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY 33

 

 

Stream Gauging Notes. Gauging No. l.
Station No. 17 - Tompkins Bridge

April 29, 1916. Gauge Height 9.0

 

 

 

OBSERVATIONS : COMPUTATLONS,
18Ge» 3 ;Dep sRevo-;Mean ; A
From . . of - Mime slu- ;Vel. : Mean ‘wiath: Area ; Discharge
Initial: “Depth; Obser-: in ;tions; in > Depth; ; ;
Point ;3 Ft.; vation; Sec. a ‘Secs. ; . ‘
: ay Secs +5 - Fte 3° Pte3:Sq. Ft; Cu.Ft.Sec.
OO $3; G- 0; ; > ; ; ; : :
5 5. 2e5; ; ; ; ; : ‘ ;
LQ0 5 4.5; ; ; : ; ; :
TEE c) 10l: S602 the<caseeanh : : : :
; 2: £60 )) ay ; ; ;
20 3; 4.5; 0.6 ; 95 ; 203 0.53p * 20 3 71.26; Si?
25 5 209; ; ; 3 ; ; 3 >
30 3; 3.0; 3 = ; ; ; ; ;
85 ; 5.0; ; > ; ; ; ; ;
40 ; 5-8; 3.6 ; 162; 6503 0.74; ; 30 3136. 50; 101.0
45 ; 5.5; ; ; 3. ; ; ; ;
50 3; 5.73 ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
55 ; 445; ; ; ; ; ; ;
60 ; 3.0; 1.8; 130; 50 ; 0.92; 5: 63 60.75; 55.9
65 5; 3.0; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
70 5 S28; 3. ; ; ; ; ; ;
75 5 467; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
80 ; 5-0; 3-0; 1968 ; 50 3 0.62; ; 30 3115.5 ; 71.6
85 ; 461; ; ; ; ; : : :
90 5; 400; - ; 3 ; : : ; ;
95 Se2s 3 : 3 ; 3 : ;
Mean Vel:- 0.92 ft. per se@Ce = Total -- ;2604.0 ; 260-2

0.64 miles per hour.

 

 

 

G G NO.s
March 31, 1916. ~ ~~~" Gauge Height 4.3
SFFTTTSTESTFTSETCSTSCTESSCTCSETCTSESCTSSCSSEVETE SS SCFETETTFSFSFVTFSTSETECTFTCETSTESTTTTCFTSTSCTETTTTTTsEtrs
O $$ Te75 ; ; ; Hi ; Bice ;
5 3; 86; 5.16; 543; 50; 2.07; 8253; 10; 85.3; 177.0
10 3 963; ; ; ’ ; ; ; ;
15 3; 10.0; 6.0; 49 { 503 2.28; 9.5 ; 10; 95. 3; 218.0
20 3 902; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
25 ; 8.8; 5.28; 42; 503 2.65; 83; 103; 83 3; 228.5
BO 5 609; ; ; 2: 3 ; : ; ;
SB 3; 602; 3.72; 37 $ 5O 3 3.013 7.372 2103 75.7 3 222-0
40 3 940; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
45 ; 11.6; 6.96; 39; 5o $ 2.84;10.6 ; 103 28.4 3; 302.0
50 5 112; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
55 3; 10.6; 6.36; 363; 503 3.10;10.93; 10; 31.0; 338.8
60 ; 11.0; ; ; 3° ; ; 3 ;
Ld : 10905 6-0 3:32.65 ; 503 3.31310 ¢ 120 3 SB.i 3 $3160
9 os ’ ’ ’ 9 : : :
75 5 10.4; 6.24; 37 3 50 3 3.01; 9.9 ; 103 30.1 ; 296.0
60 ; 10.3; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
- ; obs 5.52; 38; 50 ; 2.90; 9.73; 10; 29.0; 282.0
> 97; ; ; ; 3 ; ; ;
95 ; 6-8; 4.08; 43 ; 503 2.593 9.25; 5 ; 46.25; 120.0
Mean Vel:- 2.79 ft. per sece = Total ---- ; 05 5 2517.3

1.9 miles per hour.
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34

-GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

 

 

Stream Gaaging Notes. Gauging No. 3.
Station No.1? - Tompkins Bridge

April 29, 1916. Gauge Height Sep.

esvoeuenue eoeaeavanvnasegeaeaegeeoeveoeeaeseseonvneaoeavoee 8Beueeoeeese oe oea ena eoeeeaeeaeaeseeaovrenev ee eeaueoeeenscseaenen0ne eee eevee

 

 

 

 

OBSERVATIONS _ 3 COMPUTATIONS
Dist. ; ‘Depth ; sRevo~-;Mean ; ; ¢ ;
From ; ; Of ;;Time ;lu- ;Vel. ;Mean ;Width; Area ; Discharge
Initial;Depth;Obser-; in ;tions; in ;Depth; ; 3
Point ; Ft.;vation;Sece ; in ;Secs.; : : ;
: 1 230086: + ste: Fte:8q.Frt. :Ce.Ft.Sec.
GO; 6.2 ; : $ , , ° ? °
5 ; 5.8 ; 3.6 ; 120 ; 343 0.64; 5.73; 103; 57.8 3; 36.8
10 5 602 ; ; ; ; : : : ;
15 ; 7.0 3 42 3; 120; 50 ; 0.94; 6.753; 103 67.3 3; 63.5
20 3 760 5 ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
25 ; 5.6; 3.3 ; 76; 650 3; 1-45; 6.00; 10; 60.0 3; 87.0
50 3; 5.5 ; ; ; : ; : 2% :
35 3; 4-7 3; 2-8 ; 08 : 5O ; 1-14; 6.07; 10; 60.7 3; 69-3
40 ; 8.0 ; ; : : ; : ; ;
45 ; 9.0; 564 ; 98 ; 50 ; 1-14; 850; 10; 85.0 ; 97.0
50 ; 8.5 ; : ; ; : ; ; ;
be > B8 ° 4.8 ° 82 ; 50; 1.356; 8.17; 1O ; 81.7 > 117.0
9 ® 9 9 9 9 : ’ : :
65 3; 763 3; 444 ; 74 3; 50 3 1-51; 6-77; 103 67-7 ; 102.0
70 5 5.0 5 : ; ; : : : 23
75 > 6.7 ? 4.0 ° 100 ° 50 : 1.12; 6.33; 10 > 63.3 ? 71.2
80 3; 6.6 ; ; : ; : ; ; ;
85 ; 665; 39 ; 96 ; 603; 1.17; 5-75; 15 ; 86.3 ; 101.0
90 ; 5.5 ; ; ; : : ; : ;
95 3 4.5 3; 2.7 3 2. re : : :
Mean Vel: 1.19 ft. per sece = ot wan 5 i oS

 

 

e8l1 miles per hour. -

May 2O, 1916. Gauge Height 5.7

:

 

 

wT aeecn Fn nn Frm gre ne mmm nn Bam nnn Fern nae Ene n mmm mmm nn wen
O 3 666 ; ; ; : ; ; ; ;
5 3: 76.33 444 3; 120; 443 0.82; 7.07; 10; 70.7 3; 58.2
10 3 7-3 ; ; 3° ; ; ; ; ;
156 ; 8.0; 4.8 ; 68; 50 3; 1.643 7.77; 103 77.7 3 129/65
20 3; 8.0 ; ; : ; ; : ; :
25 3; 664; 3-8 3: 66 3 50 3 1.69; 6.93; 103 69.3 ; 117.3
SO 5 604 ; ; ; ; 3° ; ; ;
55 3; 567 3; Se4 3; 583 50 3 1-93; 6.97; 103; 69.7 3; 134.8
40 ; 8.8; ; 5 oS : ; ; ;
45 ; 9.8 ; 5.9 ; 54; 650; 2-07; 9.30; 10 3; 93.0 3; 19224
50 5; 9B 5 ; ; ; ; ; : ;
5B 3 960 5 564 3; 583 50 3 1.93; 9.33; 103 93.3 ; 180.1
60 ; 8.8 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
65 $ 8.1 > 4.9 ; 52 > 50 > 2.15; 7.67; 10 > 75-7 3; 163.0
70 § 58 ; : ; : ; : ; :
756 ; 7.53; 4-5 ; 623; 50 3; 1-81; 6.87; 103 68.7 ; 124.3
60 3 73 ; ; ; ; ; : ; :
85 ; 7.2 ; 45 ; 803; 50 3; 1-393 6.63; 15 ; 99.5 ; 138.8
90 5 665 ; ; ; ; : ; ; ;
96 ; 5.5; 3.3 ; : _3 : : ; 23
ean Vel:- le7e ft. por gece = Total --;717.6 ;1236.4
1.18 miles per hour.
  

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GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

MAP
SHOWING
Pye dT

ROADS and SAMPLE POINTS
NY ae 3 =| mile,

 

 
   

    

aM A Oe lk .-
‘Sal uw sy40fsf /osodsig 26emMaG Mmo/ag 22uUeH{SIG

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
SAMPLING MARCH 25,9i6.
ed A 4 a deer

”

OTM Ch, MASALA OM) pak Ah kd = Le

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
SAMPLING APRIL 22,19/6..

 

 

 
 
GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
SAMPLING MAY 6&, I9I6.

 

Sa/IWW/ U sysop sosodsig abemag mosag aIWUejs/G

|
GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

| ! GAUGING STATION NO.3.
$15 T2s RIW

: APF 4

oa a
ia =e Huson

 

VIEW FROM DOWNSTREAM.

Ib Tere) A Top ear yopra Perris chord
nember, South ore raey | Yer from E. end.

 

a oe z VVC LV
Voth Ws
Lief Qi a
ery RE Se Fey

 

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re
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tee.
4

GROSS SECTION - UPSTREAM

Vert /"= 6-0;
Horiz. [= 20-0;

 

 

Tot] ee
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/inch= 4 Feer

Fixed Point jn Feer

frem

as Taonce

 

  

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

GAUGING STATION NO. 3

Cle ee

 

PDYe
Area in Square ates

 
 

; F
Velocity in Feet per Second

 

 

Discharge in Cubic Feet [Xml TNT

 
7

a _ “ae, - = : a e = 2
eS a ee ew eee ee

 

 
 

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
GAUGING STATION NO,'D’
Puddleford Tall ee

 

VIEVV FROM DOWNSTREAM

 Sengbae of fixed Foint-Top of Tie rod

(ede it Le ehh hg “a

 

   

   

 

 

 

x sa mE Ses t—3
ha a
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5 TA

«f y

 

 

 

 

 

0’ Md Pe wa Reread

CROSS SECTION- UPSTREAM

_Vert.-l"e 6°O"
STL ean ae Yodo

 

 
 
 

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
GAUGING STATION NO.'D:

mel ge Mol ate Re Te

   
    

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Areg /” CO a Feer

O

cao 160) 4h hae

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S
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Ce eae /p Coble Feel per Second

 
 

  

 

= . -_ = a . 42) *
— SE i ll a" i ee — Ek Be . se . -

—
eo

 

 

 

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

GAUGING STATION NO.6G.
Stattler ay $35 TIS- RIW,

 

VIEVV FROM UPSTREAM

-_—-.-

“OH kvevettor of Frred Pornt- Top of PS (athe mice
© S| Ravel from West end of Nerth Truss.
Liss Maka a ahha :
Yi a a Bark. a ——————— ae Skis ——— ———— eee TLD oe \ t ee Bor
ats ‘O35 a

aaah
abs, or

 

 

 

 

 

CROSS SECTION-DOWNSTREAM

_... Hor.-l=20 Key
Scales:- Vert. me ee)
Aa es Se

 
 

 

ath Aa vel ERE eM Sade

GAUGING STATION NO. 6.

Stattler Brid Cee Shade?

   
  

PT)
Areo in Oa

VELOCITY

 
 
 

Lae a] Keer a ee ol

Distanee From Fixed Point in Feet -/in= 6 ft.

eS Nie
 

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

GAUGING STATION NO. 10.
Teale 2 aE §10-TIS-RIW

 

left
Bank

VIEW FROM DOWNSTREAM

PL aT aia aA
4th 7 from left of Ta a las 5 ae
Weter Surfoce Ce VET ae £2

 

ra
Ps)

 

 

 

 

 

CROSS SECTION — UPSTREAM

__ Vert. /"= 6-0"
aiebaanee Pa eT TL

 

ORNS

Merl
Bank
 

 

 

 

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY
GAUGING STATION NO. 10
Naa eae eR i OZ
.
r
w
©
t!
ss
9
:
e*
Area in Square Feer sf =
~~
®
rT
pt
=
=
BS
ng
VELOCITY
— =
13)
rn
S Velocity in Feer cage are)
on
D)
iS
0
a} =
ISCHAR
Dischorge in Cubic Feet per Second.

 

 

 
SRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

saad STATION NO, 14.
A AML Tal S $2. -T!1S-ReW

a

 

VIEW FROM DOWNSTREAM

a

\4vevation ef Fixed Poi nt- fe Pa en eee
rod on Fane/ Fos. of center of fae Vay oe ben
(“| streara Truss.

  
 
 

  

 

 

a Woter Surface
be Ye Cove‘ng Ne.2 i :
4 NoF-
le ae = Leas A tae SO EI A. EQ" hl rg Va ba -| ils
4 /

 

 

 

CROSS SECTION-DOWNSTREAM

Scales:- pet: A

 

 

 
 

 

Le}

Distance from Fixed Point in Feet ~ 1°= 8’

 

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

GAUGING STATION NO.14
Te Ae a | ed

    
 
   

Area in ee

Te Saata oid Pres a ca

Quscherge (7 Cubsre Feet per Second

 
a’

Si ee a a ‘

 

 

oq
 

 

Lerr
lsleivae

 

GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

GAUGING STATION NO. !7
Tensei)

Tompkins Bridge

VIEW FROM UPSTREAM

f&levation of Fixed Pr. Top of East tre rod,lower chord

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

member, East Trvss,middle panel. EIT
aA ae “Right
Gauging No. 2 ,
a lle DD; fall Tad
a Ub
£3 Yb
= :
ial
Whe
a
/
P 4 y /
Fi . 4/
95 80 0 Gy, | 30 20 /§ fo fo)

 

LM he .
ned

CROSS SECTION — UPSTREAM

_ Vert. I"=6'-0"

einem hea eo

 
 

3
 

 

/ Inch = 6 Fee?

From Fixed Poin’ in Feet.

Distance

 

my

LO
GRAND RIVER SANITARY SURVEY

GAUGING STATION NO.17
Tompkins Bridge SI5 TIS R2W

 

a toma ele [TT ga A

LOCITY.

Velocity in Feet per rT

 

Discharge in Cubic Feet per Second.

 

 
?

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ch ak t

hd BOAT

USE ONLY
 

 

T62E.1

 

M661
cop.2
Milroy

102911

 

 

 

 
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV. LIBRARIES
ULNA
31293011027665