Ft mr mer ie a8 er Oe v. ta eee ee ee rd PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record. TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE 6/01 c/CIRC/DateDue.p65-p. 15 sclentific “‘anagement for a, A, ©, Snoeps. A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of The \ichigan Agricultural College By EZ. EH. Beatty Canditate for the Degree of rachelor of Science June, 1916. THESIS Scientific Management for M. A. C. Shope. Owing to the great development that has taken place in the secondary schools of this country along manual train-e ing and shop practise it is necessary to change the shop routine at the Michigan Agricultural College and put it upon a higher plane in order to keep ahead of the secondary schools and teach the students work that is not given in the secondary schools. The work of the engineer may be divided into three great groups or departments, the departmente, the design of machinery, the methods of constructing and operating then, and the administrations of the plants in which they are con- structed and operated. The first of these has had the attention of the best engineers for more than a century and altho the provable limit of excellence has not been reached there is a much greater chance for improvement in the other two departments. At the present time industrial management or adminis- tration and methods of use of the machinery already possessed are the most important branches of enzineering work. Of course it is not confined to the purely engineering projects but is an essential part of 411 Commerce and manufacturing. It is easily seen since the greater part of our working population are engaged in some kind of industrial work, the proper supervision of their efforts is one of prime impor- tance to the wellfare of the nation. 33888 The science of management or direction of effort has lagged behind the development of apparatus and tools which the worker has to use and therefore, it is the duty of the engineering schools of to-day to train the student to be able to direct the efforts of others rather than train him to be- come a ekilled worker himself. Viewed in this light it is the duty of the school which he attends to teach him the best principles of management that are in use at the present time. This can be accomplished by teaching him the best principles of management, comparing the different kinds one with another, and then let him help carry out or become a part of a real industrial organisation. There is no better way to these principles than to require that he help operate operate this organization and hold the various positions until he is perfectly familiar with then. The performance of the so called *fundamental mechanical shop operations" unrelated to tise and cost factors is not essential to the training of the prospective engineer but the prinoiples of management are; Manual training or the teaching of the fundamental shop operations should be left to the secondary schools where there is no attempt to prepare the student for executive positions. One might say that there are two systems which could be given attention in the choice of one to install in the shops. The first one is where the manager from the carefully kept records of the clerk and the bookkeeper adopts what he thinks is the best method leaving it largely to the worker and fore- man to work out the details of the operations and how they shall be carried out. The other has been developed by the engineer and as a@ result bears the marks of his training and methods. This method is frequently called scientific manage- went. It breaks the problem up into its component parts and then brings to its aid in solution all of the resources of science, Every possible method of performing the problem is carefully analyzed and the best elements of all of the methods combined into a new method. This system of manage- ment having determined the best method of performing the work then proceeds to instruct the worker just how to perform his task. It is the latter method which I think would be the most advisable to install in the shops at . A. C. for it not only teaches him the dest system of management that is avail- able but it also tteaches him the best methods of performing the work that he has to do in the shops. The permanent members of the organization and the students should be divided into four groups as follows: 1. Manager and assistants. 2. Planning department. 3. Foreman. 4. Workers, All positions except those falling under the first Class are to be filled by the students in the shops. The time that they occupy the different positions is to be so arranged that they shall occupy all of the positions before they finish the course. 1. The Manager and his assistants will be tne per- manent members of the organization and will hold their positions throughout the year. The Manager will decide such matters as the out desires and other matters of a general supervising nature, There will be one assistant manager to act as the head of the respective shop departments as pattern making, foundary, etc. Their assistants will act much in the manner which they do at present. It will be the assistant managers or their assistants to which the members of the planning department or functional foreman cas ask for assistance.when they have a problem which they cannot solve with the data at hand or when the planning department assigns an impossible task. It will be the duty of the assistants to inspect at the end of each class period all unfinished work and see that there are no mistakes so that the work can proceed at the next period, and grade their work on the amount done and the quality of it. He will decide the proportion of the whole that has been done and enter it upon the time slip of the worker. These men will inspect all parts of the machines in the shop and see that there are in the dest of condition for it will be inexcusable to cut down a machines rating because it is not in the best of condition. 2. The planning department personnel shall be made up of the senior students who have held the various positions in the shop. The Personnel of this department shall be divided as follows each head having as many assistants as needed to do the work at hand. a. The chief production engineer shall receive all orders fer work from the sales department or the manager and shall figure out at what time the respective parts shall be Completed ready for assemblying and shall determine the relative amount of time that the different departments shall have to do their part. It is his duty to prepare production shects or take care of the production board so that the statis of the departments can be determined at a glance. He is also responsible for keeping the production up to his origional planning in order to finish the order at the time desired. He shall issue orders to the instruction card clerk and materials clerk for the number that he desires to be manufactured or assenbdled from the stock on hand in the store room. bd. The Materials clerk shall make out the bills of material as specified on the drawings. He shall make out orders for the same and send them to the store keeper stating the number of pieces and the departsent to which they shall be delivered and the date of delivery. Upon orders from the chief production clerk he shall prepare an order to the store keeper for the proper number of pieces to be sent to the assembly department for assembly either for stock or for the sales de- partment. Gc. The route clerk shall determine the path of a piece of work through the shop or the successive machines to which it goes and the order of the operations which are to ve perform- ed on the défferent machines. ©. There shall be an instruction oard clerk for each departuaa@mt and it will be his duty to consult his records and find the order of operations which is the most efficient for the piece in hand and then make out an instruction card for the worker telling him the order of operations, just how to do each operation, how long it should take, and the fixtures and tools needed. e. The feed and speed clerk will take the instruction oard from the instruction card clerk and from his records, containing data on every machine in the shop will find the highest speed and the heaviest feed that the machine will stand or the limit of the tools that are to be used. He will take the lowest of these as a basis and then make out the rest of the instruction card telling just what cone step to put the belt on, how course a feed to take and how deep the cut mist be. He will also find out what is the quickest time that the job can be done in and this will act as the standard time for the job and the student will receive a grade on how closely he approaches this time period. w. The time or cost clerk will take the time slips of the workers and grade thes in the following wry. The grade and percent will be the standard time for each piece divided ty (the total time worked divided by the number of good pieces). If desired each class of workers can be graded at so much per hour and then a piece rate made up from the standard time for each operation. The worker can then be graded from what he earns compared with what he should earn being paid by the piece. If there was @& student who could work faster than the standard time he would get a grade of over one hundred percent. If the standard time is so low that this is likely to happen, the standard time could be taken as, say equal to a grade of seventy five percent. The use of this method would also serve to get the ccst of each piece and from the pieces the cost cf the product. Although the latter method is more complicated I think it would be the best to use as it gives so wuch more in return for the effort expended. It also gives the student a line on his earning power in the shop. The store keeper shall have charge of all of the stores and all raw and finished material shall be received, stored and devlivered by him. All materials purchased out- side of the shop, all of the castings and forgings made in the shop, and 211 wachine materials for stock shall be de- livered to him as soon as they are passed by the inspectors. The store keeper shall be provided with adequate room to keep all stores. The smaller perishable stores shall be kept in double bins. VWaterials shall only ve taken out at one at @ time until that one is empty and then out of the other mean- wnile filling up the first one. The larger castings and supplies shall be kept in piles or rows which are excessible from both sides or better yet in double piles using from one as the other refilled. All bar stook shall be kept in racks, sorted as to sise and material, proyided for the purpose. A nook is to be provided adjacent to the space occupies by the stock for a card upon which is to appear the following data regarding the stock number or amount on hand, lowest number of amount on hand before reordering, amount or number to order and amount due from previous orders as yet on receipt. The toolroom shall be equiped with all necessary gipall tools and space provided for the storage of the same. All jigs and fixtures shall be stored in the toolroom in a ‘portion reserved for that purpose. The toolroom man will take the instruction card and from the stock in the toclroom supply all of the tools and fixtures needed for the operations listed and will give the same to the messenger in time that they may be delivered at the machine in time for the operator t@ begin operations as soon as he finishes the previous job. He will inspect all tools and fixtures when they are bdSeturned te the toolroom and any that need sharpening or repairing shall be put into first class condition before they are issued again. In the shop there are three men who will aid the workers in carrying out the orders of the planning department in the shop. a. The g2ng voss will assist the worker in setting the work up in the machine and getting everything ready for the actual machining. >» The feed boss will see tnat the feeds and speeds called for on the instruction card are used and that the work is being properly machined. If at any time the worker is unable to maintain the speed and feed called for, the worker will at onoe appeal to the feed boss who will find the trouble and renedy it and under no circumstances will he reduce either of then without orders from the planning department. c. The inspector will take the gauges and other methods of measuring the finished work aic moisure all of the work to see that it is of the proper size and that it ds properly finisned, All of the work that will pass is credited to the student on his time slip and all work that will not pass is laid to one side where the boss inspector can see it and decide whether it can be placed in the machine and salvaged. The workers or operators will be the Sophomores and Juniors taking shop work. The first thing that must be done vefore this system can be put into operation in the shop is to make a complete survey of all of the machines and either determine from their manufacturers or from actual experiment, the maximum pulling and feeding power of each and work this data up so that it will be available for the use of the men in the planning department. ee ee ea OV GIN tae 88 Sarge A LS IN Be 5S IG TE a oat ‘ Fre) MO SERA edn! Vy eR Og 2a ee WHNTEO SME ee a Ni eee | a DELIVER TOS ck | CIV EIS Oe er OL eg SE Ene = a, es PRODUCTION DELTHRT/ITIENT oo oe 7 7 Pa ie , VI IDE EPO EE Beg NIELS Det SD Dlg) Cy RE . , , y ad ‘ Ds Pa EF ag -_ r= — ros PG Se AP a ae ee, a i ae ee ale ee ee oe os . ya Ma es AE Oe ee a eee ae iy em WORD od a PO eae a eee ei ia ia a le le) Fe, ee i a 5) MS OF | | | | | Oe ais eats | LEE EL yao Re Se ae OT 6 a ain aha alee OFPDLR NO. HAGA FORRES. Melek Vo Spel/O __. _. PRICE DAA STD aa ey Labi II AME va he Om rs - oT: hazhke [Of « nhl /o/ . 6x8” ORDER OF W ORK MACHINE CUD ee OTE STIG. a He) ta Ole ear oe 74 Ze ALL 22-L0-2__ | COULTER ee) eye ORDER NO. #74. _ _ OPERATIONS 77H CHINE oe a ya vs PIECE Ce IVA TERS OPERATION <= PE Ee Tl 2 se a Fase aa p/n a | Vo L'a oad fr SYMBOL L-2-/0-3 LOWEST ANT. 25° 7 ORDER /oge Clie COLUMNS ON BACK re en re ON La fi Gi ie Sek « Setar pete Orn. VIE Gs 62 sie