Beas teretnes eit teet lea c eens (tee el ate fe a) eee Snee Sa abe bak A a ig & orate PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record. TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE 6/01 c/CIRC/DateDue.p65-p. 15 THESIS ~~ This thesis waa contributed by Mr. F. C. Taylor under the date indicated by the department stamp, to revlace the original which was de- stroyed in the fire of March 5, 1916. err ee pnp ass : - ceo ete . , i CoN ree Vs \ 2d toy _ * rob tet ot a one 2 = SER Qe Vy os i , | DEPARTMENT 0 f CIVIL Fi. Cbs senate wena ee Peewee tet ow, me ow. we Seeme e a tH G2 T HE. Ie INVESTIGATIC® OF STEAL ENGINE FLRECPELAKCE. under VAR TARLE Loan / MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL CCLLFGE 1909. Py F. 9. Taylor and F. E. Wood. THESIS [37 61 § THS THE STEAM ENGINE UNDER VARIABLE LOAD. Object: To determine, experimentally, the re=- lation between variable loads and constant load as to their effect upon steam consumption in steam power installation. Method: The steam consumption per indicated horse= power per hour for the engine on which the tests were made was carefully determined for a series of constant loads and its characteristic curve plotted as shom. We then selected what seemed to be characteristic load curves of two large power stations, one a lighting plant and one an electric railway power station. (See Plate I). It was not thought feasible to run a full twenty-four hour test for each of these curves but as our determinations were designed to be only re- lative the scale of time was reduced 30 that the test could be made in something more than three hours. That is, the twenty-four hour period was reduced to one hundred and ninety- two minutes. The scale of power output was reduced so as to come within the limit of the engine used. With these reduced scales the tests were made as described in detail later. The average value of indicated horsepover and of steam consumption per indicated horsepower hour were plotted upon the sheet con- taining the characteristic curve for the engine. The differ- ence between the steam consumption ordinate for this horse- power and the ordinate for constant load at the same horse= power should show the effect which was to be determined. 264817 Apparatus: The engine used in thess teats ig a new Corliss of the Nordberg type built by the Yordberg Con- struction Company of Milwaukee which was irstalled in the enzine laboratory of this college during the fall of 1908. Diameter of cylinder 12 inches Stroke 30 ° Diameter of piston rod 256/16 * Connecting rod ° 6 ft. 3 » p/L= 1/5 Fly wheel diameter 19 * Frake wheel 6 ® Nain bearing 6 3/4 in. x 9 in. Cylinder displacements: Head end 3353 cue. ine = 1.56 cu. ft. Crank end 3267 * e =1.835 * §*® Clearance volus3: Head end Crank end A in. = 2.9 4 67.33 cu. 63.63 * = f 94° Indicated hor3enover constants: Head end 0.00856 74 Crank end 0.00824°3 Brake hor3epover constant 0.001098 Rated reveluticn3 ver minute 90. Qa Indicators: Two indicators were used one for each end. Both, however, were run from the same Crosby reducing motion ty attaching a double pulley whish carried the cords running around the drurs in place of that regularly supplied with the reducing gear. The springs were calibrated (See Table VII) and the proper correction applied to tie mean effective pressure. Calorimeter: A standard make of the Carpenter Throttling Calorimeter was used. The sample steam was taken out of the steam pipe just above the throttle valve. Thermometer: The thermometer used was compared with a standard instrument and found to be correct in the limits of accuracy within which it could be read. Scaless All scales used were calibrated and their calibration curves, if any error was noted, are shown here~ with. (See Plate III.) Formulas: I.H.P. = PKN B.H.P. = WKN Where P = mean effective pressure K = horsepover constant WN = revolutions per minute W = brake weights. Quality of steam . H+-48 Cs tt) —nh ae Nomenclature is that used in Peabody's steam tables. Pounds of dry steam per horsepover hour Q x Wx 60 PX where Q = quality of steam W = weight of condensed steam H.Pvhorsepover T = time in rinutes. —4— The first vork wa3 done on Tuesday, March 30th, 1909. We spent the day in auttine the engine into shape and rigging up the indicators. The next day, Yednesday, we found that the cutoff on the crank end wa3 considerably greater than that on the head end and so proceeded to reset the valves to correct this. Wednesday afternoon we were running the engine when the main bearing got hot enough so that the babbitt metal filled the oil grooves in the quarter boxes and cap. We took these parts out, renewed the oil grooves ard scraped the bearing to a fit. We experienced no more difficulty from this cause throughout the tests. Thursday morning was spent in final adjustments of the indicator rig. Thursday afternoon a preliminary run wa3 made for the purpose of testing our apparatus, the engine and auxiliaries and to faniliarize ourselves with the method and requirements. On Friday, April 2nd, our test No. 1 was run. <= TEST NO. 1. Made April 2, 1909. In this test, "hich va; run for seven and a ialf heurs, we wsed eight Jead3. The first six were kept con= stant for fitty minutes each, allcwing ten minutes for the brake to take up each new load, and for the air funp etc. to be brousht under the new conditions. The seventh load was only apnlied for ten sinutes and was found to te too small for the overload we wished. This waz then increased until the card; showed cutoff at about 80% of the stroke. This gave as high an overload as the scale would stand and it was kert constant for fifty cinutes. Carus were taken from eaoh end every ten minutes, and the Me. F. P. and I. H. P. were figured in the usual way. The vacuum wa3 kept constant at 20" a3 nearly ag was resaiple varying but slightly either way. The I. H. Pe and R. H. Pe. and quality of stean vere figures Ly meant of the formulae given above. Avernse values of I. Hh. Pe, Be He. Pe and pounds of dry steam per horse-pover-hour were computed and plotted, as before mentioned, on Plate II. Any point on these curves giving the averaze steam consumption of the engine if run at tlat corresponding load. Characteristic indicator cards were selected from each load and tracings were made of them. Blue prints will be found of these cards under Fig's. 1 and 2. Fig'ts. la - -6- lh being cards from the head end of the cylinder, and Fig's ea-2h, being cards frem the crank end. A copy of the runnine log, or the observed data will be found in Taile I,computed data will be found in Table Il. TEST NO. MII. Made May 13, 1909. In this test we folloved out the variable load of a Street Railway Power plant, as given by the ampere chart for a day, and which is shown in full line in Plate I. We assumed the peak load of 1,120¥ on the brake and reduced the ampere scale to correspond to this. Loads were Changed every minute of the test and cards and readinzs were taken every four minutes. Qur computations were based on these reading3. The condensed steam from the condenser would lag behind a few minutes and when the steam consumption per horse-power-—hour was figured from these readings, taken at the same times, we obtained such absurd results as 130 pounds of dry steam per I. He Pe He. So to correct this error we took the average horse power and average steam consusption for the whole test and plotted these on Plate II giving as the average steam consumption for this class of load. This test was also run with a vacuum of about 20 inches. The air pump stopped at the peak load for about a minute but the vacuum only changed to seventeen inches. At time there appears to be a discrepancy between the I. H. P. and BR. H. P. sometimes the I. H. P. being less than the R. H. Pe. This is probably due to the fact that the load was decreasing and the brake had not been entirely adjusted to the new load. While running at the minimum load the cylinder -3- did not take 3tea: at every revolution, this save a nerative horsenower at tires, cards taken at this time are shown in Fists. 2b ani 4b. Cards for maximum load are shown at 3a ani 4a, ard onarda taken at the mininum load when the cylinder wa3 taking 3te1m are shown in Fig's. 3c and 4c. Fig's. 3a-3c being head end cards ard 4a=4c being crank end cards. A copy of the running log or observed data will be found in Table III, scornuted data in Table IV. TEST NO III. Made May 18, 1°09. In general this test vas run and worked up as No. II had ween. The lcad used however, was that of an Electric Lighting plant. Plotted asa shown in bro:en line of Flate I. Both the peak and ninimum loaus cf this te3t were higher than those of Ko. II. The average load lLeirg at the most efficient load as shown try the steam consurption curves .of test No. I. The averaye H. P. and stean congurption are shown on Plate II. Fie'ts 5a and 5b are cards from the head end taken at maximum and minimum loads resy;ectively. Fig'ts. 6a ani 6b are cards fron the crank end taken simultaneously with Sa and 5b. A copy of the running log or the observed cata will Le found in Table V3 the computed data in Table VI. (Fig's. 7 and 8 are cards taken just as we were start- ing this test, before the steam was entirely turned on. These show the action of this type of Corliss valve. It allows the cylinder to receive steam its full stroke when starting.) Conclusions The tests show conclusively that the effect of considerable variation in loads during the day is to i rrease the steam consumption largely. Although the nethod of applying the results of our test might be questioned by some as being inaccurate yst we are very sure that any in= accuracies due to this cause would show only a possible varia- -10— tion in the arount cf the irtrease az ahnovn ty cur Tiate II and would not affect our conciu:ion. An intere>tins point for further investization «cull be the economic limit te Which the increase in the nw.ver of pover units employce uicht be carried in reducing the unit steam corsu.ption. -l1- I9C. 10 . peoyt rE guaag ,O™ nw oe Fl s+ ‘le ‘ who + J WeeIg PSeeIE|ruyH TarLE fT. gO ern e@emmyer xeyeu EWS TOM Oo wv. ta + [vy FO jt ITN S F¥: i LO L7 TEOYS SIAL FIOTEO eyed i OUT L zeq:ms Ae TO 2¢ 7 ew wv CQ s “a s iw & af ad Ue seo $n . as oe ews 4 C? ee eine 10 mor om eo. 6 . 103d 7 143 ae -yN wd de ow dad e o ( C e es ¢ bd =f te 7 4c oo rw 8 ta 4 * 742 - 5 s we! ‘4 @o- c II ‘y «s ~ oy . . : om on bee C2 (~~ G2 11 LU Tut - ere J rm a ashe. f tle o 4 ”-: 6 . @ bw (Jha rf owe 6 G3 7 fon 3 : N 1 a? . 27 ° ns he ee: -. 4 *. a ai 7 ¢ ot ne 2VKC co 4.0 Tre ae) gi 17 ~ * Oe one! IV PPG GG I Fe OO A08 a fw ’° ~~ em Ce ”) rw a f. » ot ov} J 250 rw b+ bd @ $44 20 6. ry « r Sak > » eo &3 9 breed ne oe rt a C2 t%> Cs 314 $24 i> Cg SECS ON Om £20060 3. wd Ga 24 o i ‘, ; 4 ") e " Tc ed 6 2 132% TOO Clea C6 mo Pad oe $ A " a " " te of Sra # Sonne ® n oe V a 3 8 04 ® # " " reef Ao 214 . . . HESS as au. Laan C4 ee phn oe . 2 > ee C> Le oo = an.vti WJ roy . ry Mote hae me J i cow s +o @ wJ =~ 4 ‘ 4-4 | | . ts Us “at a a 23 4304 403 v1 vil VIII dead 1 i ey eg Cg Ce ne Cg ee eg” ae Cet wee ae ge Can eae ta tg gl eg gg! eagle gD gt Ce Ce Ce” a ee We TATLE ITI. et eFe Tetleie Tevere 0 RP. Mee. Melle Vee ‘ere Total, 1 39.5 ek 1é,2 D 9% i eal 21.77 i 39 ee Eee 156: 19.75 SEED 3 5 Be = 79,56 ° de. a) oe 7 yy e383 & oS Ate QO Weed 75a BE 3S Tde4? ao 9 SOeD te 04 43255 A300? W850 ry wd “i ~J w i? wd (1 fm Sorr e oo “7 eo fos ant CY et o ~ Ai hat v @ oa CoA 3 we @ aes sid @° iQ AFLE IT (tenttcuca.) Luslity {oof Dr zy of Dry cf 32a : 3Hean Stevan "t te PY HePe SEAN ey T, leFeli fie Fer Tietle Pele 4 Tago $000 Cue horas) Oe ; eocel on Dei? e3.8 eh me e 3 Oe. 4AQ.25 Oe Qo t+ eid. 02 32E3 CT A4 CO ,.2 etn led ~ © WO 70364 Cr: ?v - 4 elk ps oo cd @ Toe me + det @ ha "Ged Le TL ~oeld CC et: here Od weld Ce 4 wledtd eS oe ~~ k e a 2 © Condensed steam. Us oe ee o6 ve ee we) ee —~ HS io “yy @ e ) @ a4 > e 7 i) ~ . Ce | g “9 D . b. Oo 2 “5 tb i ° ~ e f i - +? 3S * ord Cc , 4 ~_: oe é: = a ” a ° © SH be + tH oO n 2 - oe. o S ~ 4 a? . o ey »:- . tT Bo ‘ 3 «4 y” aw : + e-. o ~ ~ - | ; . : on cS Oo wv J | t (Soke ww is > . . ry wy - t:- i gr pin £- ton _ 'y ‘ 7. 1s ‘ r* 7 7 “~ coe oy yy Oo ™ 7y Qe ss a peal. wig 21.3 Le Oe .¢ -—<— ede 17 —_~rr . ‘oF fee aN ~ @ A oO nc isan 0 re ‘4 ? : - i Na? od oe. ba eV ts U4 7“ =~ yy > wN 4 4 a * 6 oe ve $ ase woh § ? 2 @ 3% wi t aa 4 “ “vp tf oo ye “pot / a ay ” ” ; } el Richt wae nt 1 ie FE ? re + ff. ae “Ny so ~ co “TO. . 3 fa. bes ose ad Dei Oe bol 4 aoe “NO oye A TL ss is 1 € ie be te we’ 4 @o " be ow tweet rs q~ ey ot. ? - . " Fad sae ~ a f ecu KL. “.*ta @el CO ~ wt DED on ,ee es , ~s ~. ? mas oe 4 Sie a3 be me ead a oO " v Le , ¥ t e ~y mene m~ *2 ~ OON wry @ ™” Q / ° r, aut ‘J t. sd tel @ae & 345905 G 7 ot ~ = ao 4 & rr" (aad PN on Om eu =) .. 2 “& 2 2009 ® vw ev > OU s ‘?y cet ay ~ UN g ce: 1 7 > ce e . \ 4 $Ol 175 ad wy vs Ae we Cn CG eee 8 370 SEAS 7, Tle reg ea a Ce 2 aere) 17 940 feed 09 n lis COPA. aL nO we Fel af OL OFGLL 2D on " 3723 re Seb 24405 ne wn . €1.5 " LEV ew STF 3S ae) Tid Deo C305 af 17S SAUD "? onan mT cy a on aN hy’ 37 CO BS be6. " "Oo boce 7 we 33 aA oF ~r 4 Cs caf a ee I a $4] Ne tw oH o. iw &® .-7 6 ~ ry le) Jot cw s: o- anes co.r fy a - - ~~ cs ~~ “~ oO em 4 ) F229 bale) oa ed) 8 yore DD we ulia J1 TARLFE III. (Continued) o 1 - 2 A > C 7 a 349 C34 Of: 16.2 20 3.5 980350 £4 $55 E50 on0 O77 OF C4.5 20004 oD $0 C75 ne 1¢ ° OO C5055 ne S201 C37 bok S * LU0Gee COCO7 a7 e05 C33 ory 74.30 102.65 POTS o* eo ”* \ ~~ ~ : cn ma, m™ @ fo “> ¢~ _ a °F ’ “ 1 ec 1 TODD i o8. es: ate . J@> Ce De wes t7.2 Fos aif. er, " Loe or 714 J e709 © 2) ie 3% " Lis T30CcEh ~ 28 mA cnn CO 8 e 191.2 a7 a: g we fu, wlohe te tee G @ A: ‘ @ ‘... eet? 4 LO $37 19 kote alerys . LOo C3703 i wo 241 uo 1 OeD OC 4 19 Cee Cs11& ov $45 C3 br 3 0G 17 #17eé.o C4462 3%) go 7.7 Oe 31.5 12 «140.5 C4500 2S $23 CQ bed GeO OL 113.0 ©5143 42 20 om rem aoe -O Be COOOL 41 4301 CO7 7 C1. * 30 COS U7 o 205 at.. cea ae On 15 oe CELLO 43 30% $59 rao ead Cie wd Bt e0 CCOCE 44 2135.5 8427) ce C3 0& " 7A.1 COOLS 40 217 . too Oe ret D305 CFE TS 46 gal 4509 " Cito 4 col O68 £76054 47 20 nO Ded “ . ars) C7COL 43 $35 343 OT, C4 . 1S C5017 I IO t2 ON ta ~] ep) en Fa 9 ps wt ” ty om eid iO "y PY Clo w) wy w oO NY RePel me (dae CO ao ) OD G2 J WW < ee te "7 A ad ec . 4 ty 5 e ** 7 Pry te @ai G3 ~s @ id do ") co @ LA A wT yee re oo NA 6: Foe: oD oJeOl o)eO1 31.47 a 07 6 @s 3 Tel SeSl 207 3 12.73 Is vo. UN citde toe GIL 735076 Oo Oe AC OF ed ” oa s ~)} cy i @ wd LY 02.88 a0 02 ed ti ek At.L uae abt Viets FE .O8 TT HE on «Be iam eae +35 bent Poitt S.2 rm N ” . aN ~~! O CA > 9 o3 2 Oo WW NO oO @ oD s Co uw 3 “Oo TAPLE IV. (Continued.) The Pe THe. I.H.P. Lene Cele Hefie ere Total. a t-yd 47.40 43.4 Oe Tt =31-47 G7eel1 4€.8°5 " 79076 312699 67.61 43.42 4504 osell 22.87 C3267 ae4 41.4 Pel % F967) ne Os 4.504 404 Ome Th 6 Den8 Ce a QO 47.9 44 Cell 31.57 C7043 46.4 34.4 S4eE9 35.19 C7213 O1.9 4369 3Ge14 55243 74.62 €1.4 Aled 45GB 5004 GUeED 7404 rad $4013 52.99 125057 C5 0% C1.4 67.057 44.006 Che 54 4344 474 26049 S495 79057 43.4% 41.4 350006 30637 C5046 . / oOo ~ 2 a Ae 4 wae 4 ‘«-DeO't 4 ood an 2 dels Cog a 4 Celts 2004 49.252 *De4 Cre nel del? 40 —ef8 OLed ole4 6OelG £3.03 40.00 oCe4 304 eYelS 10,24 50200 f1.4 O4e4 16.32 16.0% Coed TABLE (Continued. } Corr. Quality 7 of Dry of Dry Scale | of 3team Steam 0 Wtg. BoH.P. Steam. Fer I.H.P.H. Per R.H.P.H. 1 294.2 ---— $6.8 <= ~<-—— » 241.3 L508 S7. 30.24 50.6 2 117.4 11.4 $7.25 40.51 43.47 4 56.00 5.5 $7.6 £2.05 ORek 5 37.0 3.7 $7.85 ---—= 113.0 Cc 30.0 50 [8.0 -———— 107.38 7 45.0 4.5 97.9 a-== 68.15 8 54.0 5.2.5 " 45.0 67.95 9 50.0 5.0 97.25 7866 G1.é 10 40.0 3.9 7.65 75.6 77.1 11 45.0 4.5 C7. ee €8.19 12 137.6 13.6 $6.75 €4.9 €0.8 13 §=341.1 236 $6.7 25.7? 57.65 14 5988.6 57.5 96.4 2568 24.0 15 689.5 66.6 96.5 nme H+edd 16 803.3 77.6 " 17.05 o1.57 17 868.3 83.0 " 2204 woe46 18 850.5 81.3 96.4 ----= 24.48 19 783.4 74.8 $6.3 21.7 24.7 20 783.5 70.0 26.4 28.85 24.7 e1 613.6 59.2 96.6 20.4 deo 22 «=s« BS... 6 " " 19.55 51.9 25 §693.6 56.7 96.7 20.8 R64 24 697.8 57.7 96.6 2: 0 25.65 25 615.6 59.4 " 235.1 24.13 26 638.6 61.7 " ©3205 £4.32 2 uit al =“ 2 x view ages erste ras 649.6 C4926 673.5 C57.6 653.6 C6626 453.9 443.9 " 413.9 489.1 412° e tc) A ° euality q Cz ° PHP. pte C28 O6.6 ® ©4620) # I] 04.3 * CB. C6.0) C3.4 " 04.4 O66) Tel CA 4: 24.4 " 93.5 COD teed C6.7 GE. CHT 05.43 S687 O74 C606 C227 ® Oe (6.3 ote4 e359 if. o @ es ~] @ wo ) oO e@ 0 ied IVY (tcntinued. ~~ oa! e | “is VV “ a, $o . ed £0.06 en > ip FO @ rw K1e49 be vO 4% eb TATLE V. * 4 . 3 E owe ° * a3 D uO O° 9 @ oo ta on rt hy 3 ° as f; - ° $4 + @ ry H ran m 5 6S AG s ” ¢: 2 BY dO 3 Bw € 9 35 af "3 he cs o 2 oe o ”% & Ps 3 a A e e wD an > & (x. 7 u 1 p3} 35 é. 5 6 7 1 1:15 350 Dol CoO OQ 2710 9 246 a 1:19 345 " " " 530 5064 3 13:23 320 ® S0.5 n 49.5 3424 4 1:27 22D £00 " * ® 3785 5 1:31 " Leo 91 a 53.5 4139 C 1:35 ® " " " " 4492 7 13:39 ® 209 $0.5 ® 61.5 4804 8 1:43 " " n " 52.5 5213 9 1347 " 228 90 21 53 5580 10 1:51 a 230 " a 49.5 6940 11 13:55 $35 ae " « 59.5 6292 12 1359 370 Reo " £20 62.5 6658 13 £303 425 226 " " 63.5 7620 14 2:07 616 224 a " 91 7372 15 e211 650 209 89 " 100. 7730 16 £315 660 Lae " # 95 8081 1? £219 " Ano " " 91.5 8432 18 2Ln8 650 224 " " 92.5 8775 19 RIe7 660 Len 90 " 96 9130 20 e331 ® " 91 " 97.5 9484 el 23ad ® BHO " 8 96.5 9823 22 3339 665 RRL 90 ® 100.5 10186 23 2343 660 RRO " » 6103. 10041 TABLE V. (Contimed.) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 24 83:47 650 223 90 20 98 10896 25 8:61 430 225 ° n = 84.5 11246 £6 2355 659 aS n n = 37.5 116 4 27 2:69 720 " " " 105.5 119€) 23 3:03 790 ae " nm 110.5 12318 29 Bey? MOU 22 39 m 414.5 12653 Z) 3313 825 220 " h o464, 11310 Zl 3:15 875 £21 " wn o1rsg, VAAN 32 R319 O80 " [7.500 155. 12754 330-3323 1035 £19 35 23.152. 14356 34 3:27 1109 f18 37.5 17 :197.5 14203 3 BSS 17%0 "19 35 © 36365 14730 BQ Bah 1170 ORD " 13 153.0 14061 37 = 3332 1075. " " ® 214.5 16414 ZS Bs 45 1920 " 2¢ 18 190.5, 15759 323347 C50 " $3 £0 146.5 1C104 40 3:51 O55 " 3¢ " 143.5 16456 41 3:55 84) " oe 21 126.5 167° 42 3:59 800 " " £0 114.5 17161 43 4:03 775 223 n ® 111.5 17509 44 43:)7 6E0 224 " Al 99.5 17352 45 4311 590 ?26 " " 86 18318 46 4:15 570 " " ® $5 1235C9 47 4:19 470 E23 " e 75 18°55 48 4:23 440 2 30 " 29 65 19231 49 432 399 " " e 5? 19036 TAPLE VI. VeELPe ILH.P. TehiePe RePeke Uele CeFKe H.Ee eke Total. “<< 40% Ooeo --= -—= mene we Oe C14 17.06 15.71 £535.77 £0. O04 0e4 W9e7% (5.15 30.53 C08 16.4 13.4 WTF 8 =15.C€ H€.S1 3906 17.4 ° 13629 13.651 6ecd . . 10.4 ® 146030 £7.54 v0 . 17.2% 13.42 13.89 £6.71 " ® 13.4 14.29 13.€6 7.86 On i9.4 19.4 Ded 14.67 Cell 9. CG 2 ~J @ e9 s J &s e 2 +> @ ot Cc ry uJ 6 3 © 23 1° .4 Qe 13.87 14.° ™3 >) e oy Ww Ce 5 eS Sed 413.45 17.63 2 84 Ol 2 le4 “+4 e10096 13.387. 3°,.€3 33 2769 2649 29000 £6.47S es £0 46.4 45.2 [55,79 31.35 C764 33 . " 34.09 31,15 €6.14 ® 44.4 , Ae 335048 29.7° €4.:3 S45 43.4 94 21.69 59425 690 (€2 Bo ad 41.9 teed: «=6S0275 C3.87 99 b4he4d 43.4 Cet J1e 3 C3508 e res 43.0 230590 30 ete Ce 1S 8% 336 37 eS 6 3efD 687 Al 2G e465 C2 4 0.4 49.4 41.215 5200) C1.15 a0 40.0 40.4 Bet) 34,00 CE,20 HebhePe Hele CoE. TARLE VI (“ont inued) Tele e 7? 7 ayn ano@ is@ +e+-8 ai C O we i) (.> 173 oN v3 49.9 ey © e f» we @ ee “ION is {r) wt e ~~ on Oete cl a .) e tw. 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