ON a aa ap aan as ae aaa Seo 8 AEN HE DEI MADE LS LATE III PTH ‘ b pee SSO COLE LICL Se 1 ¢ 2! / eh) ld ream) ; 1 =) ne ¢ me F ra Ent Ue ee y ($e > 4 AF Seeman’ BS , Mid ¥ > rg ep) & 2 one ; ani SS } wa se 0 G i 4% eee Se, -~ Pt Se aL SS AD ae te) Sgaripent re et ae ee ~ a > St o> te oo eet 6» 6% be by. Francis E. West THESIS [3% 34¢ “THS : +a : ‘, } I . ‘ ‘ , . d * ; : é + a . é : 4 é 1. . t ‘ } : 4 @- ‘ ~ ev - (oe iii 3 1293 02604 7476 . . oe = ORS a gp _ = THt SIS BYrPRODUCTS USED AS CATILE FOUDS Francis #. West 1899. cy Senior Asricaultural Taesis on " BY-PRODUCTS USED AS CATTLE FouDs. " by F. E. vest, Ciass of 799. Michisan Agricultural College, Agricultural College, Mica. 1899. BY-PRODUCTS USHD As CATTLE FOODS. The Amsrican, wito his eye severe alert for the Qlmishty doliar, is always wateaings for opportunities to convert, what would ordinarily be waste, into money. AS 1% er2Sult, there aave heen of date, several by- products from the manufacture of the more2* valuahis hum2n foods, placed upon themarxets and solid as feed stuffs for cattle. Tas object of this tassis is to treat briefly, tae orisin and composition of som: of ta3se food materiais. 10409°2 Samples of feed were obtained from different Sources and Several of these proved to be the same thing but soid under a different teades name; for example, th: sample of “Buffalo Feed" sold by tae Hope, Grain & Fe2d Co. of Detroit, Michigan, is tans same taing as the "Chop Fesd" manufactured by ths Glucose Sugar Refining Co. of Chicago, Ili. Tae"Giuten Fesd" is m2ec2i, a mixture of "Canop Feed" and/"Giuten Meal" x»eround togather. Taz Samples analyzed were from Jacob Beck & Sons of Detroit, Mich. who are manufacturers of oat and corn meal and put out two by-products for cattle f22d, viz.e:s “Oat Bran" and “Oat Huils". Tos "Oat HuLis" were not analyzed. This company uses about two tnous2and bush- els, 22cn of oats and corn per day. 50% of tais is con- verted into tabl: foods and the remaininz 50% of the two products are mixed togsthee and saAipped east to he used a8 cattle foods, Massacausetts being tae principle market. The Glucose Sugar Refining Co. of Chicago are putting out four @iffeareant feed stuffs, -iz., Giuten Meal, Giuten Fead, Chop Feed and Oil Cake. Tais company manufactures one hunde2d tons daily of tae Gluten Me2l, four aundred tons d2il, of the Gluten Feed, ninty tons daily of the Caop Feed, ane about twent,-fi-v2s aundred tons montaly of tne Corn Oil Cake. In both of tae above cases the data 48 to the amount of. fe2d stuffs manufactured by these Qifferent companiz2s wis copied from lstters rec3ived from tnem,. In of@ie that a hettee idea way be formed of these corn products and the mstaods by waicdn they are obtained, we quote the following, whica was copied from a small pamphlet sent out by the Glucose Company and entitied "Milk Talk", " We wish to correct waat Seems to be 2 Weong impres- Sion or ratn2r a prejudiced opinion, in the minds of 2 great many, toat Giuten Feed is tas only substance left of corn after all the nutritious parts aave been 2xteacted in the manufactures of giucose. Taeres aces fouc separate and Cistinct parts to a k:rnel of corn aS here saown: . , ’ v | ats . § a. . . - . - - ’ - a- The hull or bran. ! b- Flinty or gluten part. c- Germ of the corn. d- Tae starchy part. The first three parts mentioned can only be used in the manufactures of our different grades of feed; the fourth, or starchy part, is the only portion of tae kernel used in making starca, from waich glucose and grap: Sugar are manufactured. You wiil, therefore, see taat the parts used in tae manufacture of feed cannot be used in making starch. Hence, the different grades of gluten feed are original products manufactur:d from corn just as much as starch, and tae nutritious properties of the feed are not diminisaed sven though the starchy part has been extracted from the corn. Chop Fe:d (Buffalo), commonly calisd corn bran, is the hull of tae corn ground fine and contains a small percentags of gluten. It Serves as an excellent coarse feed, to be mixed with Giuten Feed, Gluten Méal, and other concentrated feeds. Giuten Meil is tae pure gluten of tae corn, thoroughly cooked, kiin dried and mak2s a very highiy concentrated food". The samples obtained showed 2 wide variation in compoSition, even in the same brands. A typical sample w28 selected from each of taz tarz2 groups of sampl2s and analyzed with the results 18 tabulated below. Gluten M2al Buffalo F22d Oat Bran. Moisture 11.23 &% 11.07 % 9.03 4% Ash ~95 1.32 4.34 mtnaee Extract 5.75 3.56 8.30 Fiber 1.71 17.56 12.45 Cruce Prot32in 37.62 9.98 12.83 Carbo Hydrates 59.%4 56.21 93.05 In order that we may obtain a more exact idea of the "alu2 of tae above foods for feeding purpos2s, we give in th: table below the averare peccentagkes of the various - substances found in corn, oats and bran. Corn ( Dent) Oats Wheat bran Moisture 13.1 % 11.0 4% 11.9 % Ash 1.4 3.0 5.8 Etaer Extract L.& 5.0 4.0 Fibre 2.3 9.5 9.0 Cruce Protein 11.0 11.8 15.4 Carbo-Hydrates 67.4 §9.7 593.9 By a comparison of the abo’s tabies, it wisi be Sesn that toe eluten meat gives a muca Aigner per cent of prot2zin than is found in corn, oats, or bran. The gluten meal, also, nas mucn less fiber taan corn, oats,or bran, and 18 fiber is practicaily wortniess in itself as a food material, we should consid-:r tais anotaer strong point in favor of the giuten meal. The buffaio feed is 128s rich in protein tnan corn, oats,oe bran and has a very >] . - . ef t° ; . , ua ¢ , « = ‘ 4 vy . , - ~s e : “ u . . - 2) a . a c . ce . hish pee cert of fikter whica would pluce it aiong the less ~aluable feed stuffs. Th2 oat bran, whioh is not to be confused with oat hulis, compares favorably with corn, oats and bran in the amount of protein it contains, but nevertheless, it has too large a per cent of fiber to mare it a8 valuable a8 the above for feeding purposes. Tae ordinary farmer oc daicyman Seidom aas trouble in securing 2 sufficient amount of carbo-hydrates and fiber, fore these substances ars pientiful in the coarse crops which he raises. Therefore aS ziuten meal is deficient in the above and rich in protein it is a profitable food for the farmer to buy. The following metnoods were used in making the deter- minations found in TABLE I: MUTSTURE. Three ¢rams of the substance was dried in an electric oven until the sample remained at a constant Weight. The loss in Weight equals the moisture. ASH. iP Two gratis of the substance was burned to a whiteness at the lowsst possible red heat and tne weight of the ash determined. ee TT ~ et < . | > — | s " : : ‘ : « a x _—! * wa . «3 . ; = 4 - | . _ -_ s woe - . : . . : : : e . v | - iad ~ . . : ~ a > ° . | ) a 4 » ’ . : ‘> o. - ‘ * . : Cc " | a ote, : . : . ~ : . , - - ‘ . ‘ — . . 7 . . » | . - ~ ~ - + ss : . 4 . ‘ ; . ~ . | * ‘ , aa y ‘ .' - ° , ~-“, ‘ ‘ ~~ | - . os - ; t os | . ‘ 7 1 . ; at « : . ETHER EXTRACT. Two grams: of the dried substance were piaced in a fat extractor, and the fat extracted with ether for sixte2n hours. The fat was tao2en removed from ths ex- tractor and the ataer evaporated off and the amount of fat determined. CRUDE PROTEIN. Taree ;cams of toe substance was put into a digestion flask and .7 gram of mecurie oxide added. To this was added 20 c.c. of 1.84 5.G. of C.F. sulphuric acid. Tas mixture was agated Stowiy at first and then mad2 to boil until it beeame colorless. rotassium perman- ganate was then added in smaii quantities until tae liquide remained a gre3n oc purple color. Tae liquid was taen transferred to a distiliing fiask and 200 ¢@.c. water, and 25 c.c. of potassium sulfide solution added. The flask was shaken to mix the ingredients ind then 50 o.c. of soda solution added. This was distiiled into standard acid, titrated with stiundard alkali and the amount of ammoni2 determined. The amount of nitrosen present in tae ammonia multiplied by 6.25 2quils ta: crude protein. FIBER. Two grams of the substance was taken and placed in a fiask with 200 oc.c. of 1.25% sulpauric acid and boiled.