NI ial) The Peach {ndustry of Michigan Pauli Thayer eh aha eay LIBRARY Michigan State University PRS ih a —_—— 2 ‘ae ane ey te ee ' | PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record. | TO AVOID FINES return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATE DUE DATE DUE DATE DUE me . r ” yp. Oe fest ay U2 THEST aw uw THT PRA [fe PResyp TMaysr ITryrypigy Cut Me JM PAE OWE a - js,a VQ RY PAUL THAYER - ctaa hk CLASS OF 19069 } : LICUICAN AGRICULTURAL COLL" TIM TQO" THESIS ; 7 BT eOL Fh < : goes i ~ if my i ! : ~~ ad Er PA \ ond Marvlond, it would seen that “Ichifren is not losing her place as rerards. peach rrowin:e., At present there are over SOG00 “acres of peach orchare in Mich- irven,conteinine between 6560°00 end 7506005 trees. The yield of peaches in 1498 ws 187260060 bushels ent the value of the crop musk have bern not fir from one and oncehe1lf million dollars, Nistribution. Pench:s are grown to a creeteor or Less extent in almost ev rv ccunty of the lower peninsule of tue state, In the lower four tiers of comntics,twenty-eiehnt in atl, there cre but five which have Less than LOO acres er ech while eieh}t counties heve fron LOO to 9959 ueres ech. There ereo,however, three nore or less cistinct Spe.ch belts” or districts, The n:esonmpanving map fives the acreare of the counties of the eteteo where it exerers 100 acres ent also th: location of the thre: peach cistricts. Peaicth Eecits of Districts. 4 . The Tirst,whiel ray b 2 termee the South Hoven istrict, en veces ~ . e ba) a . s pet : \ "on Suren County once portions cf Derrien anc ALleronm Counties, ne 403956 sonteins about LBOGG acres of preach orchard, This is the leregecst $ Fistrict ant also the oldest, since it inglus-s the old St.Joseph Fistrict of twenty voors oo, The secone,or Gren? Bepics cistricet, cmhrices portions of ke Tonia, Perry, Ottave, Mus ghbout 1359090 seres of o cistrict, consicdeorekhly smaller, . 5 “ gm es > «|e Countics neerest Luke ene eonti-ins «bout 606 resiaecs tt e OW YY Dyas eye rors or less AVG Benzes County, porches Orktland County contain a riaily oO’ ns Y’ tri ea shout Ann Arbor ant in The int story men yond the clearings enc ness who cit not bring amcyus the forest was of apole, plum, pear and loestions proves to he £. the Michiran fa possihl Py, provi qa is} Lo cy county. rmer appre cited keron yen? Alierin Counti¢cs anc conteins reherec wiitel: the O2cank Tt erbracess the portions of Oc Mic) ilf. iThy mK conding down into “USH Ke. von Count O neres of orelu re, icts there ire oth vr loculitics where peech os ‘ +}. ws bd extensively, In e western portion. of ss ” are hkerinmnine to. .be raised quite coxtensively., S bk00 aeres of oreher® se tlerec quite ren- Peaehes are also mises to quite an externt the vn CC orth ern part Lonavere sOU™. tv ° "Nistory. mn, Ulm rocuction of Pruit into Michig:n is the $s otis Ca erad to? the stite., HureAly a pioneer p q be-, « A out for ih o lured Lmseclf &% home in the wilder With him tne seeds of our comuion fruits, cleared Prom wround the cwelling,en orchare peach trees replaced it. OF course, some wnenitehle for Pruit, bat from the first the value of mit and whenever Plf with it. Si mh The vartorvy of the pesnch incustry of beesdion County is per- ps more interesting then thet of any other scetion of the stite. To the stuecsnt,it hus all the extrovurmenes of the story of Cali- forniz in '49, The eurliest settlers brouemht coach pits vith them ond plented them nroun? thir hones, In the thirtics peaches were brought cown the river by boat from Niles ane Roy lton and pea- dled in St. Joceph. Tn 1859 the first pruches were sent to Chic. ro from St. Joseph. Tre next year,Captein rourtton purch:. sea perches in St. Josevh, poeckine thor in hexes and horrels,an?d took ct weed +74 = ce OQ Chicero,selling them et unhear’-o* prices,a sinele birrel selline for $45, This, like the discovery of pola et Sutter's mill,sterted the favor” one everyone planted peaches. No in.- proves: fpuit went to Chici.ro until 1644 when a very fou Crawfords weee sont. From 1845 the chipments of fine fruit increnses from 2 few thowsnne (three-peek) hiskets to soveral tlousane in 185°, Many of these pouches were sold in St. Joseph to Chiciro buyers flor 63.00 «~ bo sket. By 1650 the shipments from St. Josv-ph amount- em to LON00 hw skets, The returns from the intustry wore immense, In 1860 = block of rorty-one Tarly Crawfore trees procuced 1100 haskets of fruit selling Tor 42209. Allowinre one hunered nine trees to the acre, would mol? the income from en atre of such trees £5648, .In 186% or '66,%iv® weres of berrine peach trees were hourht for $1320, The first crop yiolée4 $1650. The orchare was then sold for &7000. The next crop broucht $2000 ane the sueccecing crop “46090. In 1862, the yellows first mece its appear.nes but it was seve erel yours before it became of great importance >. In 1869 there rere 1G 2 acres of peaches or SULT oO trees und in 1872 there were 594462 trees or nearly oOO0U0 acres of peuches in the county. In 1874 ~~ careful estimates credited Berrien County with 6000 aercs of peach orehars, This wos the hieh tide of th incustryspri¢:s wore hirh sna profits liree, several hout lines Cid “ prosperous business cerrving the immens™ crop to Chierro., It wis then that the yrl- lows beein its Cisaestrois work, At firstymor who noticed the trees répenines prem:turely with hirslily colored *ruit, thoucht they hac discovered somo new variety an? hestened to but from the ciseased trees, AS the trees heepon to adic by the hunereds one theousends, the frower6B bergen to reelize the natur> of the seourss but were powerless to prevent it. Orchird after orecharc was wiped out. In 1879 the acreage was only 10253 in 'Sk it wes 777, and ir 1886 ther were only lll eweres of peach s in the county. Then the tide ariin turnedymen found thet, wrile there wes no cure or preventive of the yellows, it coulec be held in check by th prompt cestruction of fis-aser trees, #ne peach orchards were arain planted, Year by year the orehards have increased Bo thet in 1898 there were near- ly 4500 :.cres of peaches in thr county. The first poech pits plante? in Yon Buren County were planted in 1836, By 1880 several lore> oretn rcs hud been set. After 1870 the plentine increased ravidly. The same story of hifh prices «na dire? returns applies to Ven Buren as to Berrien County. From 1881 to 1885 the acreere of peach orchevds greatlv inevesseda until in 189% there were 549] eeres in the county. Yellows mace its first appearance in 1873 ut on account of better control it did nuch deri mre an 4 less daniee than in Berrien County. Tr, L65>- tho re wee a pe.ch orehrrd on Peath Orch rt Point in the Ki lem.zoo Rivor in western Alleren,prob bly planted by ‘the French tr: ders, The carly settlers Ectween 18351 ane 1850 planted prach pits and before the wor srall hookers”? gam to Stuer tuck for lords of hilf-rrown fuzzy peaches which they sola alonr the lake farther north. About 1867 - '68 orchards been to b> planter “for th: Chieero merkot. In 1879 the value of the preaches in the lake shor townships was € 200600 one in “Ganeos alone was C0006 or *700G0, Sines then th: orchorcs have prown until in 1898 they conm- prised 9141 iores, he histor; of the other sections contéins nothings o* peeuliur interest, Peaches "ers crown at Pirst in limite? emount, precual- ly intressine «us the eAdaptebility of the locution anc the devel- opment of outside m rkets ne ce inervas” possible, until the pre- sent coneition has teen attoined, Soid. Prov.sly ~.o stete has such a diversity of soils 2s “Michifen,. Tt iS rereliv necessery to go out of a township to fin? oll fre- Q:tions Prom the heaviest toe the Llirhtest soils, while often these Werle tions ers soen in the seme fPiela. Althourh the loe.tion pads "Q £ of ruch more ixtportenes than the soil, yet the neture of the soil is i overy important element in cecicine the adaptability of land For perches, A very lores porportion of the perehos ere rrown on lirht seney loam such is is tarmeec oak openings” lnnd. It would seem thet soil could harely bh: too seney for seach trees to live for I have seen them on the like shore half? buvrierR in the eriftine Send, Tht suezn trees beovr as Pine fruit as tre os on heuvier soil i) cannot be cleimed, On the other haunt, T heve seen peach orchards on quite heevy clay land, Neither of thoure extremes cre typical peceh soils for the bulk of the peeehos ure crown on #«# soil inter- meeiat: between the two. Low.tion. More imocrtent then the soil igs th tlocetion., Alonr the east- orn shor: of Leke Miechipen are crown over helf the peach s of the et:t:, protecter by thie lake, The importance of this lke protec-. tion can herely bo estimated, Even near the leke there is not per- feet protv-ction fron severe winter, «ne late sprine frosts, yet thers is never es totel lors. Swen in 189% when A severe frost oc- eurrec on Moy 6th, there. Wes a Sli-eht crop. The winter protection wis well shown in the winter of 1898 - '99 when very severe cold weoethorowis experienesd «il over the strte, In th: ceistricts bck From the lake, us the Srend Repics district, Ionia County, O&eklensr County, Lenawee County end the Ann Arbor region, the loss of trees Prom freeging was yery gpreat, while aionr tl.c shore of Leke Mich- ~ imnvas in the South Ueven cistrict, the loss was scomp.ritively Slieht. Sven in the South Yaven cistrict, distence From the lake a°fectoa the consition of the orchards, Orchards away from the Lleke are usuelly situatee on hieh 1 net to allow rood air Areinare. Aevrintirs is often taken of the protection afforded hy the small inland lekes, At first the oreh- ras were plante? in the valleys to protect them from the bleakwin-s but soon it wes found thet tho cold wir Orainine from the hills into the valleys wes more to He Peared the a blouk wines. As regards disposins of the fruit, a rood location means one convenient to narxet or to a shippine point. Tf there is competition in the carryins of the fruit,as is the cise with that rrown aloneme the lake shoreywhich ean he Shivped either Sy lake or by rail, there is «= Aegidea adventare, Tarpaties, . Tt would seem thst no fruit has so many varieties in rene ril eultivation as the peach. With most other fruits thes are threes or four’ standerd” varieties which represent the bulk of that fruit raised, Nearly hel? of the @eripes rsisea - if you exclude the California mrapes - are Concord, With peaches, however, there ear? @ rreat number of verieties, In response to letters to nurserymen asking for lists of the ton varieties,in orcer of importanecn,of whicn they sold th most, the followine twelve Lists were reesived, . ag karly Crawfor’. New Profific. Lat> “Srawfor4 Yill's Chilli ™Llberta Vi tzrcrala Nill's Chilli Wlherta re Lars. Z00 Lite? Crawford Yellow St. John Tt? : ° C,. bors Gaoek Brons nelle ronson ™ngles Mammoth mn S OD y ve Boers Smock Kee Lumazoo Barniurd Silway “old Drop Sarly Orewford 3. Will's Chilli Gola Drop Leion Frea Pea rK hen Beers Suoek We leans. 200 % ia tneles Marnecot Barna rea Seane's Marly maply Michizin OH. Kalamazoo Clbarta Beers Smock Hill's Chilli “urly. Crawford Lite Crawford Gold Prop Tarly Biurnars Lewis Seecling Halwi.y ‘} . Lewis Seeslines. R]lherta Sold Drop Wa Loms2oo Yeliow St. John Bitzecrild Tneles Merrmoth Stevens Rurerioes Boers Smnoc crosby 7. Yili's Chilii Ka: Liam 200 Late Crawford Chair's Choise Michigan. Wlhherta Yellow St. Jon “arly crawford SmMoOay Triumph “orly Orawfor., Wlhhertc. “heatlana Briecon Yo llow "ererid pe Will's Chilli Teles Mumvroth ‘Mountein Rose Lit” Crawford, 8. Leto Crawford, Rarly Crawfors, Kalai. 200 Nill's Chilli Yellow St. John Triumph Beers Sroeck 9. La lemeZzoo Cola Mine ELboerta meles Mamnoth 4 Sole Drop Crane's Marly Salway Snow's Grunge Lewis Seecling Kalimizoo Conkiin Gold Drop smock Beers Rneles Mammoth Thos? answerg meoy Hill's Chilli Lf Wlhberte 8 L:.te Crawror?™ 3 e's Barly % \s Low Ot. John 6 Kulomizoo T 10. Triumph Yellow St. John Barnard Marly Ceciwford Lite Crawforr Warky Rivers Hill's Chilli Rarerips stevons Chair's Choier r- Qo eo Ul. Rlhborta Wirly Crawford” Let Crewford, Beaurnarec Titnern La NYill's Chilli Sloh> Will's Chilli ou lway Lewis Seentline ML tzrere La Chair's Choice. he tohbvulitet os Merly Cr wford 7 Cold Drop 7 Eneles Manrcoth 7 Parnarn 5 PLtZr orld o t D = fui Gi Se®4line 4 fPollows:+ Crosby Yaltow St. John Salway 4 Cheir's Choice N Triumph 3 Marly Michieun « ©) Stevens Rareripe « Croshy x SOld Mine Yellow ureripe Conklin Mountain Rose Leon Froese “lobe Sheath aa New Prolific BSrigcdon Bronson Markhin Snow's Orene> Lists of prominent peéeh erovers in the caifforont pouch rrow- ine seetions of the sti.te were securid, These were written to for Lists of their ten best verietics. Weom tn: Seuti Uswen District I receivec six lists o* ten va- ricties ech and one of eisht verietics. A Summary of the seven lists is ws follows. S1o0ck 7 VYele's Warly 3 Conklin rn Sola Drop 6 Kalani Zoo a Late Crawfor Lewis Seedlings GO Kkerly Cruewfors a Globe Eneles Mammoth 6 J eques Rareripe a Hill's Chilli Mlherta 4 OlAnixon 2 Nives Forvrorite Oe La 5 Rrandywine pes Werk Yellow St. John a 5 TRAN oO Cc; rr: Crane's HMerly 1 PON son “oster Stevens “ae ripe % Barnard Clifton Allen ano, an DOL m Fron the Crane Rupids District three peports were received sum mirized as follows:- Smock 3 Bearnarc yes Snow's Ori nre Will's Chilli 3 Kal:.mazoo Crosby Marly Crawforn 4 Fitzoor. 14 Yale's “early Lit? Crewford 3 Chair's Choices Reves Pavorit? Murly Michigmon ‘5 Yellow St. John JQeeana Mldoorta res TPriyayph Jacques Rareripe From the Oceuna Gistecict four roports warn received sumanurized uS Pollows:- “Old Drop ‘t Barnars 2 Wearly Michieon Will's Chilli 3 Yale's Borly 2 Globe Crane's Harly 3 Bronson Z Reves RPavorite Sirly Rivers 3 Kalenauzoo Jacques Rereripe m=nelos Memmoth™ S Rlhoerta Davidson Conklin is Salvay Olmsteadc's Best Poors GSmoek ie Lenon Free Monrerfyl Terly Crawford e Miphhem War i, Moone Ann Arbor end Lenawee four reports were reesive? summarize? is follows¢:- Warly Cc. word ‘L Crosby so Sold Drop Lite Crawfor? E Stump < Salway Rb ert 3 Bernard < Crane's Barly Smock 3 Mountain Ross 2 Triumph QOLemixon 5 Mill's Chilli Kal:umau2zo0o Yhnoutland Req Cheek Hale's Warly nichmond As a *inal summary of @#ll ths al susquchanne wMorly nAivers “oster Selnmaker vr? pet gre: yy if reports, thr following ere the ereepie tics thet received mention five times or above in the thirty reports, cy Sr:ock “ Yill's Chilli 18 RLborta 16 Yale's “Warly 7 Tne les Mammoth 15 Marly Michivsan 6 Burly Crawford’ 18 Kal:.mazoo 12 = Triumph 5 cole Drop 18 hicrnard le Stevens Rureripe 2 Lewis Soescline 19 Late Crawfors 16 Salwuy 9 N1Amixon ", Yellow St. John °| Crosby | 8 Bronson 5 16 nm” Crane's “arly 7) Fitzgerald A @ereafyul examination of tres? summarized lists will show a vA py mirked similarity in the ronkine of varieties, "hile tho relative ae e rm 3 4+ 3- rey e > : , e ry . e 2 . positiois of the verietics Aiffer in the aqifforent summaries + yy aseli3ca , . m ws . : ° yet tne orter of importanes of varieties es Riven by the nursery men, tho gr eps j hoa Ss Wess ' ’ PPOWe PS in tno Sonth Uneven Pistricot,enc the rrowers in the CRiend Rupids district, corr?spona im @ TOrPY mei. a4 doppnaa to e227} ‘ Oe. PI PP: 4 ON Otherind to th: Pinel SUM PY. In anSwer m4 Sota . c r to P°Quests 490 the VarLous nurseryrnen to send the u nan“s of promising now varieties, the followine nomos wore giveni- Fitzerrs ld Pie rces Yellow New Prolitic Chiir's Choiee Carman Lockwooe Me ALiSter Sold Mine Billmeyer Banner Triumph Ayleswortn Late M.tthows Beauty Davidson Admiral Dewry Cultivation. YWapmers in neevily all sections of the state eive the pench or- cehaoris good awmltivation , much better than they eiv> their epols oreheoros, It is ae vory rere oeccuranes,in teavelline over the coun- 4 ‘ “wan * * 7 cs . < tey,to see a peach orch.rd grown up to Brass and weeos as ure so many appl® orchucds, The usual cultivation heeins with the shallow plowing of the ground as early in th? spring as is safe, Too early plowin: mey sturt the huds too soon and renceor them: susceptible to frosts,whil® too Late plowinr permits too rreat loss of moisture, ~ This is followec by the continuous use of a liaeht smoothing harrow, roins over tne tround once a week or oftener,or after every rein, If the soil ten4s to hecome he rea,it is eustomery to plow it or hor- row it With .. Springtooth hi rrow two or thre: tines Aurine the g-:.son. About the first of August cultivation ec:.s°s ane sometinr:s i cover crop it sowed, The *encency et peesent seems to b* towored ie] be the use of & springtooth harrow father tren 2 plow to give th meoun’? O general stirring ones a month or so,alwiys folluwine it with th smoothins herrow. Twice each yeor the trees ure, or shoul? be, e.refully oxamined for borers und the borers renioved, Some try preventives but the old methon of examination seers tne most Satisfactory. Pruning’. In the lereer and oleor aistricts,as tne South Haven and Ca Crans Rapids districts, the trees pres “Ss ao rile,a.refully pruned, the preveiling method heine headine in so as to pive 1 low vese- shaped head, Su* ficient woonr is remov od From the insists of the tree to permit the entrenerm of the sun, In newer sections,as the Oceanis Bistrict,or in sections where peach’s ere frrown in srme:ller smount, there is less attention gwiven to co re°ul systonmatie pruning. Thinnines, The one phese of peach mrowing that has come into prominence in thie past Pew yours is the thinning of the Fruit in the early surmer., It wis hunt a “ew years aro thet the only thinrine done wiS in yecers of exceedinr plenty when a portion of the fruit would be remove? to present the breaking of the Limbs. te eo ) 2 "™ helf enourl neaches were renoved, the Limbs would bend as the penehes swelled ant the farmer would be kent hard at work placing props un*er his trees to keep thm from breaking. The crop ob- t.ined daepencest entirely upon the scason, I? the season wos Prvvror+ ehlewswith plenty ec? rein,h? would obtuin a Lares” crop of unter- sizof penches; but i? thie weretaicr wes @ery,he woule howe only a lot of hal’ wrrown pe.eches, Littl? lereepy thon hickory nuts one worthiess for uny ni eket. Since then, the formers wh have m.de perches & spoci.lty hive found thet careful, systematic thinnine is profitibi®. when done thoroushiv, tis trees ars mone over .s cerefully as in pickine ind the peaches are removes SO &S to Leave wut one or two r = 4 “ Ye “4 “~ veo ayes the, or «seh short shoot. The rite is to thin so thit tha veneers ehall — do. %e six inches eyuort duit mony provers extend the Ajetonae to eTeht is: AiPPieult metter to thin the trees suffieiently. Vinnines is gone Surine th *Pirst hol? of Juncyer ss soon 2s the peaches wre Lerees enourh to bh: ensily removeoa, Yhen the trecs are thinnetoot this time the crop,while of merrily the seme “ilk, Ls nuch finer in quirlity ond the tree is in better she.pe: for a crop the sucacetine yen. In th South Taw en cistricst, meerly ell the formocrs mows a rermular business of thinning their tress each springs unless the inticetions point 60 a very Licht crop. Around Trand mepidas,the: rrovers thin quite thorouehly, but est of Crand Rapids nevrer Tonis, only oe few rrowers thin to ony extent. Tn th: Qeeone Aistrist, there is bet little thinnine sone,s few of the : ‘ : x } 7 yD v-, r 4 ’ NOE + 4 Yy 4 - , ” oy e ; _ best rrowers Deine tre only ones to thin. The tendency is,howearer ve 7 Lay? yea fe: ° ee | tower t mero cere ful thinrtuer., Tn Lenewee pre Any Arbor apna the leceer peect. Cistricts of the state, Litthe or no attention is vonied to this most importent eloment in preeh culture, Ther? opt vorious *orms and sizes of peckarcs in use over the state. The stored payer tho packire prohihly most us°A is the or- diniry dish T basket, A pi.ckar comine into quite menor Louse,es- . pecielly For thos peadhes Whypoh 7:re wand Solely for the tibhle or eatines out of hound: s tie earlier pe sches,is th u yy t —é rc e 3 a ~*~ 4 ra e “) ct ~ J ! 1 + ; 8 .y wr. - WW: 1 m™e . - . ’ » ° I. It is : ory om nw o chet ond Ls of conveontent size... Tn rye .. 3 a ope . . ene third- michel host ets sre user, . _ e 7 54 @ oy wey y;" 5 Pa =~ 3 ° . ” . ._ Ssowelles eretos, The Plori@n six-b eet erste whieh liolds chout two-thirts of @ Bushell, is mich uses in th South Woven Aistrict. Its ues is restrictcd to *forey fruit by its oxpensiveness, thourh some Shippers etternpt to trike adv tire of this estom and ship ~# md ct medium or orginury fruit iv. it with the hone th: the pocki.rs will . . 7 ~ ~~ re e. rc #7, aon “~~ oo ey - _~ .. , . be solid unopense’ ance the shipper receive more then the aeetunl vntiue he of the fruit. OQtticr erates Err wsrea ag tie plum cr.teyend the Dele 4 ren er ener ee | 8h . f ve wa fo arin s | . . a: aa os po ws - ‘ ° , aware lrripe) eroteywhiaho ur rece with o sinet’e tier of hi gents c re packed echie tly in bushel ent fitth-bushei bosketsywhile on the r - 7 = - 0 4 — oon -_ : ) wv bs Ad c — Dr yy “ ; ~~ y > cf + — | y — 3 4 Yyeosko*t is alrost the only pembhaure, . wk vopeedfinms, ' Ml } . x q ’ “ , ’ Ww 7 .., * ‘ 7 “ “ lores proportion, provbebiy not fr From "OS of tho Miehtenn s ‘ oN ors y : tiom . . . ay, "r + oe aly Vo. morse yp : nn rore peaches mpn A LSposr* ona throuch Onner 4 ste rary mir. 1 ; x ia f ‘ ~ oY 7c s 6, ; oi 4°: . are - oe “ . mere, Thorpe is more or lese Aissetisf etion mlweys oxveriense:a fy fo line with commission mon. The opportunity whieh the comriesion ren mos tom ke f Llse riturns is co rrest thot the Po mer constint- ly foels thet he is Seine werone co whether he is or not. With the exciption of the counties in th: eastern port of the state, shto- mewone Lenawee where the industry is met so Loree nor so local- ° , . e \ tre ca 7» s Vey, ' oy oS oN ~ ‘ ’ . ©’ . 4 soars ) t2ee cs in the western pirt, thor: seers to he om increasing ten- 77 ~Eorg e; AO N , o ~1, , on ray to setly whenever possible sat hore, The reports show tht ho odes prosortion of the crop is sold ereh year, aa ~ * ” + . X 7 € ba a 5 . cep + - was rer, T- ! ~ 4 4 In Tf von County the peaches hove. been shipped te Milvankec until Ty : ® ANY Wo n_n o~ Le ~ A AG tf the List tyo or three veursywror thoy have heen sold to huyers, 4 - » J N 2 a 1° s ore . . a sy ” geran:, the buik rs shite. to Chicceo one€@ Milwiukce while the + yay m7 7 j Q + 9 S my] pint points «re: St. Lsporit a t} A 5 4 Ppuit rm.isect witht toe ore of th provers be ne buyers t bhrmore to buyers wo ship in evr lots, The ship- Alby, centweiter, hort, Moers, ene New Mra, ion of fruit, tro nd Re picts is pesuliar. All the nmoheulines "istence: of “rene Biooics is hrouckht ond sold there to Suyers., A few years ero, sone 4 ame Cisse tistfied with t1e oriees reesived Ffror odo shipping, bit soon retureed to the former : a a ~ 4 plon, The peaches in erstern Sttawan County @o to th: Gren Rapies meorypet wrile those lone tre like sre shipper from Vollend ina Semone Movon to Milwruhes mic Chicas, The erovers in the vicinity of Lowell sole to ™ivyers in 1L#O8, hut previous to thet time, they shipped to tormnis ent «ities in the sto to. Lowell is qiite © shippine point, sending ait Fitteen to twenty cars i. ey in the heteht of tho eco onagson. In Tonia County, the nenehes ors mostly solit to buyers, Shippings or. commission not hejme Pourd ertisteetory, The truiit is sShippe? fron Sqrun.e ane Ceres Tl) zy Grover 2 Toye chpouinse GOOG Hushels in 18698, Tt is eent to loc) points erst in the state, In some inst: nees it hoes Hen Bent to Nev York anc New @nerlana, The Aliewan ene Von Duron pe ehes thet are shippes £0 to Chierro an? Milvaukes by eaily lines of stenmeres, ResjaAes this, there gre the stetions of “Moet Sows tueky ley Nichrond, Pen-ille, reoarl, Provo Ge Voppeore town on the Pape Meruuetteywhial : eeperm: fa LUG’ GGG Woowets anos vinele season, shippine os hie os sao05 Lene tS, C8 Porte go ek ing sineie -¢ Ve Kinost all th pe.cres in Berrien County poss thresh Benton ‘ a ~ eon . ye Ge “, Yar ~ t 1 rye : \ ’ - vs . ‘4 rr. vy . 5+ + | Horbor or St. Jos pn. Tres. towns ec: ecclt. un the Feve Merqurtte while e ch nes reoilro.a connection with Indiana, Penton HW rbor kavine a keanech of the Bie Pouce?’ aoc St. Joseph © Line runnirnse a D to South Rene ene now the property of thes? IJT.1.” rower, They 7 are :'So connects? with Chie: co end Milwauurce ‘y tyo hoat Lines, one line operatines a fleet of Tour loresoc vessets, Until a few years #7qo neariy all of the peaches were sent to Chicero art Mil- weUukKee hut now 2 consift@ernzhie portion is sert to Intian:. In 1897 ent 13898 the ™ Bie Four” }euied about 400 cars of poicthes eaeh veer nveroring LouCcG lhe, to a ear, while in 1896 - 7 - 8 the Vand lie” (nom the *© TT.) heuled Prom St. Joeeph from *fiv: to ten cers a Poy @uriny the tvo nornths of pesch ant erape season. Besides this there are a nunber of buyers vio ship cdir:-ct to the Gast in car lots. Cf course the peaches in Ann Arbor and Lenawee district ro chiefly to cone iSSion tiuaenm in Detroit na Toleco,. T Cooperative poeekine, Sone attempts at cooperative parking have heen mace with very rood suceess, Oeeane hos one paskine house ot Shelhy ene there ce C. are tyo ot Penvilte in Aller in County. Thes: packine houses seen J a eye 1; a 47” .- wee . ,. e to Do fine itliv setis” etory une th. reports reeeqyy 8 fPrpor ther we mes n q Sit apt Pov. oe ler yp be NR - . AY -OPtn the atertiures of the systen. Thow seer to he, economy . % 3 , wpa an of Qiao > ] iv : } ] br te puren se of pastures, in pekinese ara hontlirneg; hanclins in "3 . on ’ : 4 1 co .. eer * . “4 “9 y ~ ye . 4 1 4 - - . - “ oo cor lots ont thus ittrectine Vuysrs; onc esteblishine fixea ond a uniform mm des of Pruit so th t the vuyers can,by exonining a FF eo. eir7: wt 65 ’ L- “y . “ye ’ ay - 3 wor ™ ony “8 . e "@ oo ~ .2 : peckirwes, Krow what tho ¢hipeent contains, or i.Tt or once purch. sins Gen order by owirs:. The supporters of this system believe,sana Picite ly too, thet = buyer wil! ceive more per bushel if he can examine - wet ~ av, ve e Vy te , r , ‘ %.. 7 ~ a 3 7 . y + ~ _~ v ‘ c Peary baskets it # ty . packing Mmo.se rye rey Ts fate OPAer, know Line tii t hi CG Gir will he Pillect with @ certsin er ite of peaches, uni- Formly puenec, than he wilh sive if he has bo buy by the waron lo avexoeminet ereh Lone, rurn.ine mors risk of dishonest paehine, ane having no uniformity whetever im uvrehes or in packine. Yellows, This Ciseass h-s pleved suchoun invortent pert in the history of the peech intustry of this country thet © wore rer reine its history will not b> out of pleuce, It was Tirst netiers in the or- somear Philecelplia mearly & oentury aro int ecorly reeovivee theonons of yellows from th eppearunce of the effeaeted tr-e Aue Ying thr late stares of the Pissisge, It kas at Citferent times + ~ been «seribic to concitions of +t ae iv soil, of *eather,: nd to inju- 7 OG ries From insec or aninals but as yet no caus: @un he fount. ~ . mn, . saws pm y . -\ we ‘ a) ut ~S er ae 4 . q There Jove Petn a niamber of epitenics of the cps ase, the one most aPrcetine Miehieen boing in 1686 - 7 - 8 Its history in Michigfon es ° + om ssw ’ “ " - ~. . 7 nm ta ph - ee + 7 m . wis heen tole in tgonrecticn vith the history o tire CoumntLles, sa ticse epidemics the rrowers 1 Cy - wy a) i) J i the Senth Uaven Aistrict “ Oo able to Cop” With the Cis -use, While mo cure or prevontive ro Liner my . 4 . y . PS sown, prompt “esfruction of :.°fedtes treas holds the is. Woll lm checsx, Mach township hoes its yellows cormissioners yot cuore their on orcheres by constant wetchfulness, O° course .Y. thore Gre Sopmers who ace neeligent ane commissioners who are lax but tre yellows is well held in check. The loss would be hard to ~ ' . . 4 le . os . fix hut for th- Sonth thven district LS woulda be a Pair estimate 1 Se yet of annusl loss. In Gerona Lfe™ is reported while in Mason County thi re is no loss, Tn th: Trere Re pias istrict the loss is siicht, yellows first appe vring there in beso. Thoare is no vwellows at An’. - Arvor. f ery . n %.. .: . o The somptor.s of the Ciseas. ore "ny CS a ce r c* prrson & tree either he-.lthy or cis* s°e, In a bering tree,the first symptom is the: prematuroly riporn ad, highiy-coleret] Pruit. When « Sirvi toon ori. Sinel> Lim> ripons betTore the rest,it is © suspicious aien, especially when tne peach s ere aorsve int hirhly color: alin , a c yy ” , as ? ‘ - Poo. .’ e - \ e a a! Yop . , ot x . + a ro. ae g@ ds aseqd peaches,the che -k,or perhaos thie entirr skin,is covercec { with srs ll ron? blotsles of = anller Cecsper red than the surrount- ine, On outtine te perch open, tt) red blotehes are seer to ex- tend throueh the flesh to the pit. The next strre is the appear- moe of bunches of Pine ,viry shoots on the trunk ant bronehes, Tie leeves on these shoets ere clenter ont the shoots sre so ch r- -eteristie thet «© single shoot *- urine pvrhps ne more then four or six le ves is suffictent to ceuse i e.re*ul observer to con- comm the te-o. “ollowine this secone stirs, tho tre repicly slows loss of vitolity, tho leaves turn yellow on@ the thiec or fourth yeoer of the Ais Vseyth. tree e_osl There is mo ture ene the axe and fire is th}. only resort in protecting the renaining tres. *Littl= Peaches”? and BPuneis Diseases, a A now aysease appeirine in Allepan County ane other portions of the South Weren district is that knowr as little peaches’, mnie first symptom is tir stoppam of ecrowth in the *ruit when shout thie siz- of hickory mits, The roots ere 6 P®reteds the root heirs apperentl, @evine. Tho next your the trees show yellow fo- , vary L. y ~ Pre vt. + “ . 7 ; x Ay were UP a PINT OOM linge, poor prowth, wits Pine,wiry suootsy, oF S Lh Soe Ne ys pesen, oN ety - L " 2 + rr wre mn a NY wee. gts - tt ., hHle tyes Wwe Aten os OP ae tor Wi th yeilows. L ile? mv yee oh is uc iliy Peo oy . - - oe stow _ a \ . . . - Fn 5 tol the seasoned yoor. The cont: giousness of the disens: is not vet cnown bit if contouriois,it bide fPoir to be more Aceeaded than yellows. Leaf Curl, “xousens defomiens, 18 6 disease which of late yeers his threatened to be quite serious, Tt is « funrus cisesse wich atarts insice the bud seeles and hens is tlrost in ecossible by Puneiteia-s, As the Leaves oper the funens erows in the Leahy thick- ening, co forming, ara curling it. The undcr sia of the courted lLea*® yaueliy “as a whitish appreerenes, All the af feqted Leaves turn feas yeltow anc fall so thet teees badly attacked hecome nenply te less, Some verietics are especially subjeetvos th “Elbert, ix oo At periments here end elsewhere seem to show the velue of snoceving wit’, copper sulphute or Bordecux in the winter or early Spring. ™- yy , BR: 1 404) a nt 5 % Phe conmon rot, Monilie rructioena, is sometimes the enuse of serious loss, especially in wet seasons ind upon earlier yarietios, The later fruit is very seldom attaeked, Y.le's Tearly ¢sSoun cee. - > pecially susceptible verrety., The winter Spraying recormenceda for lesf curl is beneficial «s is «lso thirnine of the fmiit. There ere other discusses attecting ths peach but none of een- ere] economic imnortine™, Inseet Enemies, The peach borer, Sonniara exitiosa, is the most serious insect pest. A century aro, before the yellows was known, pach growers as recomnized t'is ins*ct “ere danrerous enenry, The edult is 1 wiecp-liks moth which lays its errs on the bers of the tree neer th ground auring Junc, July end Aupust. The larv e bore into the bark and spend @ year euting channels in the inrer bork. About the onivy remedy iS 4& oer ful inspection of tho trees und destruction of the insects in the fill ine sprine, Preventives hare boen tried hut have proved either costly or ineffectual. The curculio is apt to Sting a fou of the earliest varieties bit .s its injuries “re confined almost entirely to a few varieties its injuries sare not ere t, The curculio stines the peachyre bine -_” c 2 erescent-shapod cut ,ant ceposites mn ere, As the eer hatches, an the larve ents to the pit ana then around the pl t. The rev: feos of this inseet rerely mohe it of economic importenc-, Gthor insects -¢tiek the pench, xs the twir borer, ont their injury in this stat® is so leenlizea «ar SO Slirht ois not to h- treated in this erticl., 2 sa4A rn AYNIMNeL OS ena Outlook, A At WES EQOA + Aes y wr y , ee Ot ‘nt th ftencenary SCS tow: ra More? Chrety:] aya thorourch cultivation «a igre rj . thin: ind more rigorous thinnine, SO 8S to procuce a het.ter quality of fruit. ‘the impetus seons to n° toward excellence of que lit’ rmoithor then mul. Tiere La oen Lrereasine toneoney to eco]! to puyers r ther then to ship to commission men, anton slieht trond tow. .re cooperstion in piekine ened selline, The foneoy prices receiver twenty yer rs & ro gsennot be exnected ny prowers ict present. The noorjyuncdersiazcd peaches that broucht © root, hoir price thhr ape nof pro*itiuhle now, “ine fruit wilt rhiwoys bring « rood price whenerebr it cin ko rot to the consumer. The mon who lives in the preach helt, where his rervot is assurce, or who Liv or outside th peach b@lt. hut ina *avoréebise loc: tion with « food locui morket,ern,ry keepine up with the ineustry, reek? f. pood income bY r-ising fine (not necese:rily foineyv) peaches. TTT 3 1293 02670 9646