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Bian. m . iinSleniel
oh

INVESTICATIC™ AND PLANS POU REVO LIFG
LAF PoVPR PLA” tT
AT
ALVA COLLEGE
aanxet &
TRESTS
SUPMITTEN FOR Te? YEGRFE 7%

AITO FP A PY AAT TAT
PA™ ee LOR on‘ ’ OTE. cae

By

HE.ALjricn. Lo. Perniel.
MICHIGAN FORIOTLTVSAL SCOLLESE

Junme 1014,
THESIS
Eaet Lansing, Michigan.
June 1, 1914.
The Board of Directors of Alma College,
‘Alma, Michigan,
Gentlenxent-

We have the honor of submitting herewith to you a
detailed report of our investigation of the present power piant
at Alma College, together with proposed plans to remodel the
plant with the view of making it a central heet, water, ani
lighting etation for the college.

Our first step in the investigation wee to obtain
from the Secretary, Prof.A.P.Cook the amount paid out per year
for eleotric light and water. Working from this as a basis, we
have proposed to save the college a considerable sum of money,

by installing a stesm generating set, the exhaust from which

passes into the heating system, Thus the electricity could be
generated and the water could be pumped at a very low cost and
both electricity and water bills could be eliminated, Again,
the college at preeent is inefficiently lighted, and in the
edvent of cheep ourrent, the lighting could be brought up to
standard at less expense than with the present system.

By repairing the heating system we heve also
proposed to effect a saving of at least 25% in the coal bille.

The total saving slone, we think, eside from the
aesthetic improvement to the gollege would be enough to warrant
the feasibility of the proposition.

Very respectfully youre,

H.E.Aldrich.
L.P.Dendel.

264838
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of the builaiinss hovever ere ineffitiently lichte’, 2a watt
tungsters and 50 wett oroors coirg usei, Single xsh-se
Alternating currert is sup-iied fre ore of the cit, picrts at
1iCC volte, ard by reans of two iC-l trarsforsers is retusel t2
110 volts at the icmrs. Cne trereforrer eurrlies “risrt Pail
and ie loceted nesr tre Fret entrarane to tryst miilding. The
other trareforrer 18 lorat> dirastly north of the Adrinietvratic.
Building ari Library. The “ueeun is wirei but not correstei t2
the ocurrert supcly. At best it mey be said that the servite
rernjiered is very unertisferotory, tre voltiz- at the lanns Very-
ing corsiderabiy, ueslly bFeirg ec low as to make the file. erts
burr rei instea’ of «shite.

The water bill at the coliere eavounts to about “250
per yoor. Ae the city weter is not drinksrle, two double
cyiinder, dovble actirg water rnotore of the Vail arid Kirea tyne
have been irstailei to furnich water for cooking end drink.rs
pur:.oses. One of trese is iretellei in Wricht Heli art eu-ciies
water fro. a well to a pressure tark which in turn suprlies water
to the kitchen and © drinkire fointrir on each floor. The other
water motor is in the basement of Pioneer Fril ard surrilies
Grirkine fointreirs in Pionecr Bali ar? the Adwinietration
Euliding. This is easily seen to be a very inefficient ryrte:

68 a water rotor wastes about hslf as musth rs it minra, Tity

water ie used for bathrooms, anrinkling, et.
CIMNERAL 1

Kini Or cond e@eeeef © @€ © @ © © 8 © © @ @
Cost of coni /ton delivered
Cogs ueed per year ....seeaee

Ray wan, i120 months @ “S6/mo.

ATA

Night wen, 3 wonthe(sinter) @ [4C/no. .

Cost of eleostrizity rer %.*.-hr.(1CZ.off)

Mumber of resilient dtutertse crcccercccces

lu IT re e

Co}

3.15.

..e CO tons.

“ 95C0,.CCG,
® JEC.CC.

S¢.

Sity lichtirng cironit ...5.nhaee, loscyrties, 11Co V.

Average derth cf pine line ..

Nater used rer year ........0-

rater bil cece ccc eee ee es
Licht biti cece ccc ee eee ew es
Warvey Boilers ..... 4-124!
JuSt Of STAVE cece eee eee vaee

Valuation of prescert pisnt ..

4 fect.

.4,5CC,CCO gala.

A - -
a es ZoC.Cu,

eee eeeeee BLE. CC,

"eshell, 54-3"tubtes,

LIGHTING ANT POTTR

4!

LOAD

vl-i e SC/42 oya e

* 6CCO.CC.

Theee figures represert tle maxinmim possitie loai

firuring 40 watts ner soret,

SOOKETS

Pioneer Hell
Adminietration Builtinrg
Wripht Hall

Library

Cymnasium

¥UG OUT

Total

POT

Ae WATTS

: tak

4,006

4-16"fons 5,750

O<1

P

13,5CC
ByCCC
“CCC
1.ec’e

 

28,450
PROPOSED INSTALLATION

It is pronosed to install a high preesure boiler,
in place of one of the low pressure ones in use at present,
and a direct-connected stea: driven, single phase alternator
to furnieh current for lighting and power, the exhaust steam
i from the engine passing into the heating system. The process
of expanding through the enzine would take about 150 British
Thermal Units out of the steam or about 15% of the available
heat, the remaining 85% being given up to the heating system.
At the eame time the high pressure boiler could also be connect-
ed to the heating system by means of a reducing valve end
that regulated so the boiler could always be operatins at full
capacity and hence at its highest efficiency. The hich preseure
steam would aleo be extremely valuable for sleaning the flues
of the other boilers , as low pressure steam ia very unsatis-
feotory for this purpose.

The lighting load of the college is of a very pneovliar
nature. The load somes on from three to six o'clock in the
afternoon and lasts until sbout eleven or twelve, but practio-
ally all of the load is on during thie time, Fron the dete ae
shown above we have estimatei a generetor of 25 K.V.A. canacity
to be of ample size,

As there are practically no lights on after txelve
o'clook except the hall lights, we pronose to ewitch over onto
the city line at that time and out out the generating unit

until the load begine to come on again the next afternoon.
 

 

 

The city line would aiec be use? durine tre sus:er as it would
be inadvissbje to keep th> boiler ani penerating unit in cpera-
tion for the erali and occasions? load. Ry using the city line
ror reeerve, it ie rot necessary to inetel? a reserve btoii-«r.
It is plarred to penerate the eurrent st 440 volta an“ by meene
of two trersformere, cre at Wright Hel? ant one at tie rilent,
reduce tre voltsge to 11C at tre larps. By usine Ko. 5 wire
the grerteet allowable dron in voltege ie 21%. The currert
furnished? by the city will bre reduced to 44C volts at the plent
era tren prsse through tre eforerentioned trernsformers to the

lamps,

In rerodeiing th> water syetem, we intent to cut off

@

ail tre city water erd use well water for everyttirg. The

tro water motors wil! be reriaced by larger auto etic electric
rotor purps of sufficient eize to furrieh water for al? nr
roses. A corpression térk will alec heve to be surrlie® to

be ueed in connecticn wit? the vumn under Pioneer Hail.

Our firet sten to increase the efriciercy of the
heating syster is to 7o ewey with the treve. We heve pienred
to install a toiler feet nuscp of such size as to tale 3rre of
surnlyins water to all four roiiers. By disvensing with the
traps, an ever. fire mey be kept and a lower pressure used on
the rnaine, which of oouree reducer the batk preeszure on thea
enrine.

The boilers are in fairiy goo? eordition but ths

pipe line must be re-covered with hert ineuleting mretericl.
We cropose to supnort the pipe lin? on roilers, “OQ ft. apart, in
a@large syuare cesent conduit with 4" walls. The details of
the game are shown in tha blueprints. The pine iteelf is to be
coverscd with a diatomaceous material, a substens2s shich is an
exceilent insulator of heat. Provision will aiso be ma‘e for
the extentirg the pine lire over to the museum,

The present power plant budildirp will be ueet for the

of the

@

boilers, but an aldition will be built on the ecst sid
main builijdine at the southesast corner. Thie aidition will be
lerge enourh to acrtorodst2 two generatire units. Only one,
however, will be provided for th: present; but it waa thought
advieable to allow apace for two, aa the colleges intents to
acquire such new builiin-sa in the next ten years, as to require
a duplicate unit. At thet tire, another low pressure boiler
will have to be replacei by a high pressure boiler. The etack
wae found to ba in exrellant condition ari had a strong draft.
Owing to the quic’ sani the stack was placed on piies and the

building ari boliers on a timber crib.
INSTALLATION COT?

Conduit

of materials.

Natural cerernt per bol....

Sand ani gravel per qu.yd.

Crushei

etore per v1.yi.

Drain tile, 3", per &M ft.

Wool sovering per M ft.

Exoavationsg per o.yd.

HWixing arc hantling ce:

Settine forns per oevu.yi.

Nietonaceous coverings for pipes

8" per ft.

& a n

“>

sy on oA
ol} n ow

a" " 8

Rollers ara

anthors eech

sosts are

OF COMmmuyrt

Q

bacea”

upon

ert per cu.yl.

Concrete of the proporticn 1, «, erd 5

follovinge
 

Wrir?t Well Cortuit.

~

Conorete, irneiudire mivyire, hertiing erd riangine

AF ou.yce. eB ¢4.C0C/™.y4. @® e@« eee e@

mrxtavetireg PiO an.yte. 7 404 , ol... eee.

moot eeverirg, G45 ft. © *50/" Jo... ee,

Miatoveseore weterial, 8", 630 ft.2 14¢

rein Tile, 630 ft. @ f1B/ oo... eee.

Yrucred etone,ineivuiines bensline arnt nies

ft, @ 64

Lzbor © LS¢/ft. cece cc eee cee tence ees
0

Totri cost

Librery Cortuit.

Concrete, includire riving, hanilirg ans

14.2 o.ydea. @ 2 4.0Cf/sru.yi. ......
Excavating 76.0 cu.yde. @ 404 ..... ne.
Fool ooverirg, 311 ft. @ *50/¥ .........
Dietozaceous covering 4", 230 ft. 25¢ .

n " 3", n

n a 18% e

Drain tile, 230 ft. @ “15/M .......3....

C2

oO)

&
Ne

122 CO

BA LOC

v4)

47,"

B77 CC

5
cn
OO

33.00
95.0"

738.75

56.37
30.46
17.60
56. CC
41,4C

3.44

Crushe2 stone, inciuding handling & slacins,dé50 *6% 13.80

Lebor for tile, wood ari pire covering © 15¢/ft..

Total sost of conduit

54,50

 

255.34
Atrinistrrotion P:riltirg “Torduit

Fxoaavatirg, &2 tro.yle. © 4704 sll ee
Wood eoverires ©7.5 ft. © “SC/¥ we... eee,
Diatoraceone covering, 4", 65

" "w a i"

v_ St aw ~~ Jay

” 4 s 7 = * .
—TALZT. tiie, QO. ft, “ yb tf © eseweevst ee # eve

Sruehe? atone, inclulirg hontlirg end pia
L-cor Co 15;/ft. erveeveeere PR ereerxee Fe eeeeee

Toted toet of aontuit

Pioneer Feit Soniuit
h

. wll

~” ® = A ® r ® 2 , , - ®
Tonorete, insivlires wiviry, henolins ar

Fol omrieyte, Ft CCf/ preys. eee eee

Exoovating, 39 su.yde., F Act cee ce ee

~}

af pm Bee fs:
73%, «> SC /™ es e@eae @ + © © @ @

=
Oo
o
>
Oo
<<
*)
rf
ea
“3%
2
}- |

Rietewegecd covering, 27", 115 ft. ® 1
" " On 9 115 ft. «: 144
Crushed stone, insluding herdlinp ard ple

rrain tile, 115 ft, @ D1S/é eeeewetkesetee¢ *

Lacor @LB¢/Ft. co cc cw ccc ccc c eect cern rene

Total soet of cornluit

a
mia
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wae
wee
ve
@.6h6°8
air
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e ee

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eeee ® As @ +4
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sees G.a0
wee ee
», oo'Ss°’ 3..C
see veld
e 37.66
Ang
vee ee BB.4C
vee 15.2¢
tees $.3de
seer 18.45
Lena 15.ac
115'?6 6.°5C

eere8e de

wee L769

* 112.6?
Aisiristration Bide to Gy nasiun Con?

Concrete, Inclulines mixins, handiirns ani pla
1.5 cu.eyi3. (oa “4.CC/ou.yl. @2#eee#e%8 @ws*ee @ @

“~

Excovating, G2 mM.ytt. O 4LP .e cece wee ween
“Oa coverirg A’. f t. e io soft @®ee eeee#e#2e? 8 © @ 8 @
Viestonaseousg material, 4", 65 ft. @ 25¢ ....

Nrair tile 65 ft, @ 415/# @eeevtevefe tev evees &6eoe ese

Crushed etone, intlutire hert.inep ant vriseine

Levor @ 1S¢/£Pt. co ecw ee ccc eee eee eee eens

Tater; acet of writnit

uit

sinc

eo ¢- 2 © @ @

~ a om
eee Go
ar

eee We Gnu
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a 7 S

eee L'i.c0
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CONT OF PLINT

tha
$ 2a?

Gernerctine set, ercitcrr, #73

Boiler ...

Biiiiliny
Corunudite
Wire as.

Totnri cost

Fiugineering fees 10%

Totel

-  s iad
ving © C7

e@ 8¢#e8 @ @ @

OF otter

wiring eees

first cost

mecthkerias

FIXED QHARCES G7" SAGLF

Depreciation

5%

Taxes © 1/7 ........

Insurence @i%.....

Interest @ 5% ......

Total

~
-

TIRT ET

troreforrore

OPERATING CHARGES on FHOLE PLANT

Coal @ S3.1C/ton coc ccc cc cece ee ee ewes

Lavor

Oil, waste, ets.......

Totel

Ce ee ee ee ee ee ee |

~~
qn
On
p-~
e

CY
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$

oo

bp

943~.CC
172.5C
5.5.50

vo,

ad

o>

iC

cys

)

14355 ° C

lo

3

CL e 50

rn

5C.Co

3822,.5C
Total ecst of oreretirg pient

vida *eeee¢«e%e#e2«e8 @

Caty aishtine
Totai cost of lirht, heat ari

Pre “—_ omer
Ve _ T Perit

Yrs

*y3
3
4
J
.)
ood
“3
~4

sm
Fixed cherges
Depreciation © Sjo cecencevcves

Te xes Leja e2ecee

wer

t, @

Insuren2e

Interentso....

Total

wr
Pts MF

fomehmne Bet Tr AT NTN a
OTE AAT CHARGES - roy.

vJ
t*
>
=e
3

Coal @ £3.10 per ton = ©CO ten

Lebor

Total

FIYED CHARCES APT TOTAL

Fixed charges cosccssccevveces

Operating charree ....cereenes

Licht bill

“eter Fill

®eeanpvne@ev2e68@8@e#eee€ e¢@#¢%¢ 68 @

Total aoet per yeer at present

Cost under new instelletion ..

frourt saved cece c ees

per year

yat- r

vhernt vaiueld at

yeer

vater per year

ys ore

“6cCe.cC

@oeeteteeteee#tei te @ 08 @

$950.00

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OG, CO
SPECIFICATIONS

GENERATORS:
440 Volte, 27 K.V.A. Single Phase Alternator with
22 poles, direct connected, guaranteed efficiency at full load
89.8%; et ¢ lord 89.5%; at } load 87.5%, speed 327 R.P.¥.
FNGINE:
Medium speed automatic etean engine, 10" x 8", and
anproximate weirht connected 6800 pounds.

BOILER?

45 H.P. Return Tubular Boiler, 1004 working pressure,
shell 48" x i2', built in strict accordance with the Hartford
Stean Boiler Insurance CoMpany'se specifications, complete with
full front; eatack saddles; grates; rear arch bara; rear ash
door ani frame; popeeafety valve and nipples; water coliuwrn and
end connection with three gauge cocks, steam gaugs, ani syphon,
blow off vaive, feed valve, and check vaive,.

PUMPS:

2 <= purps driven by 2) H.P. Motors, single phase motores
to be mounted on'the frame of same, 60 cycle, for automstioc
control apparatus, 3 x 4 Duvlex Power Pump, capacity of pump
to be 36 gal/min or 2160 gris/hr, Automatic control to be
regulated by preseure, self starter with magnetic blow outs and
relay.

FEED PUNP?
81 x 5} x 10 pump, full brase fitted, capacity
4000 G.P.H.

EXCITER:
- 3 K.¥., 130C R.P.M., with field rheostat for both
generator and exoiter,

CONDUIT:
To be made se ehown by blue prints.

TRANSFORVERS :

1 = 15 K.W. 440 voltell0 volt step down transforr-
er,suitavle for lighting loed; 1 + 10 K.¥. 440 volteli0 volt
aten down transformer, suitable for lighting load.
 

ies. 2 we yy a
en TS art eC ALE

MAIN BUILDING REPRESENTS PRESENT PLANT

RIGHT WING SHOWS PROPOSED ADDITION

Clow Vl os

ary
 

Cedar Ave.

 

Supercor St. West.

Lia a ee if

ace TRANSFORMERS,

STEAM LINE.
—-—— PRIMARY LINE
— - ——-_ SECONDARY Line

 

 

 

scALe /oo'=/

Dem ei, wlia

 
 

  

eA AA hh OM A a

—. DIATOMACEOUS COVERING

WROUGHT IRON PIPE
+——— CONCRETE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CRUSHED STONE

DRAIN TILE

NO 3.
Sy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

elas
PIPE SUPPORTS AND ROLLERS TO

BEY PLACED At 20 FT. INTERVALS

 

NO 1 WRIGHT HALL CONDUIT

 

 

 

NO2 ADM. BLDG AND LIBRARY

 

NOS PIONEER HALL CONDUVIT

 

NO4A GYMNASIUM CONDVIT wWDUI)

 

a7 |
COM ALITS ION
#e woul. reocacend that the college tut ir the
proposed eervice et onte, not orly for t}s saving cf “S55¢

a sole
C2 CO8BilL is.

per yeer but for the cvetter eervice that assid
A etili greater envir> awsuli ervneer if we dii not tere irto

eorelieretion the cepresiation as is ofter dcre uniter

--

D

uth consitions,. I1t is very evident thit the coiles? is
Losing a prert desi of nerey =t oresent in their heat
dietrimition eo thet detrii earnot be elirhtei, Since ar
estiiates ars very coneervative, you will fini the sovireia

mich grester than herein etated.
 

 
‘

   

L

Tai